text stringlengths 11 320k | source stringlengths 26 161 |
|---|---|
Korean Genome Project (Korea1K) is the largest genome sequencing project in Korea , first launched in 2015 as part of the Genome Korea in Ulsan . As of 2021, the project has sequenced over 10,000 human genomes and is the first large-scale data base for constructing a genetic map and diversity analysis of Koreans. [ 1 ]... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Genome_Project |
Korean brining salt , also called Korean sea salt , is a variety of edible salt with a larger grain size compared to common kitchen salt . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is called gulgeun-sogeum ( 굵은소금 ; "coarse salt") or wang-sogeum ( 왕소금 ; "king/queen salt") in Korean . [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] The salt is used mainly for salting napa cabb... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_brining_salt |
The writing system of the Korean language is a syllabic alphabet of character parts ( jamo ) organized into character blocks ( 글자 ; geulja ) representing syllables . The character parts cannot be written from left to right on the computer, as in many Western languages. Every possible syllable in Korean would have to be... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_language_and_computers |
In mathematical analysis , Korn's inequality is an inequality concerning the gradient of a vector field that generalizes the following classical theorem: if the gradient of a vector field is skew-symmetric at every point, then the gradient must be equal to a constant skew-symmetric matrix. Korn's theorem is a quantita... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korn's_inequality |
The Kornblum oxidation , named after Nathan Kornblum , is an organic oxidation reaction that converts alkyl halides and tosylates into carbonyl compounds. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ]
Similar to sulfonium-based oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes reactions, the Kornblum oxidation creates an alkoxysulphonium ion, which, in the pre... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kornblum_oxidation |
The Kornblum–DeLaMare rearrangement is a rearrangement reaction in organic chemistry in which a primary or secondary organic peroxide is converted to the corresponding ketone and alcohol under acid or base catalysis . The reaction is relevant as a tool in organic synthesis and is a key step in the biosynthesis of prost... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kornblum–DeLaMare_rearrangement |
In mathematics the Korovkin approximation is a convergence statement in which the approximation of a function is given by a certain sequence of functions. In practice a continuous function can be approximated by polynomials . With Korovkin approximations one comes a convergence for the whole approximation with examinat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korovkin_approximation |
Korps Commander , or "Korps Commander: The Road to Berlin" is a set of micro-armour Miniature wargaming rules designed by Bruce Rea Taylor and Andy Ashton and published in the UK by Tabletop games, August 1988.
These rules simulate actions in the second world war on the Western or Eastern fronts during the final two y... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korps_Commander |
In the theory of stochastic processes , the Karhunen–Loève theorem (named after Kari Karhunen and Michel Loève ), also known as the Kosambi–Karhunen–Loève theorem [ 1 ] [ 2 ] states that a stochastic process can be represented as an infinite linear combination of orthogonal functions , analogous to a Fourier series rep... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosambi–Karhunen–Loève_theorem |
The Koschevnikov gland is a gland of the honeybee [ 1 ] located near the sting shaft . The gland produces an alarm pheromone that is released when a bee stings. The pheromone contains more than 40 different compounds, including pentylacetate , butyl acetate , 1-hexanol , n-butanol , 1-octanol , hexylacetate , octylac... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koschevnikov_gland |
Co-solvents (in water solvent ) are defined as kosmotropic (order-making) if they contribute to the stability and structure of water-water interactions. In contrast, chaotropic (disorder-making) agents have the opposite effect, disrupting water structure, increasing the solubility of nonpolar solvent particles, and des... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmotropic |
In Euclidean geometry , Kosnita's theorem is a property of certain circles associated with an arbitrary triangle .
Let A B C {\displaystyle ABC} be an arbitrary triangle, O {\displaystyle O} its circumcenter and O a , O b , O c {\displaystyle O_{a},O_{b},O_{c}} are the circumcenters of three triangles O B C {\displays... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosnita's_theorem |
The Kostanecki acylation is a method used in organic synthesis to form chromones [ 1 ] or coumarins [ 2 ] by acylation of O -hydroxyaryl ketones with aliphatic acid anhydrides, followed by cyclization. [ 3 ] If benzoic anhydride (or benzoyl chloride ) is used, a particular type of chromone called a flavone is obtained.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostanecki_acylation |
In mathematics, Kostant's convexity theorem , introduced by Bertram Kostant ( 1973 ), can be used to derive Lie-theoretical extensions of the Golden–Thompson inequality and the Schur–Horn theorem for Hermitian matrices .
Konstant's convexity theorem states that the projection of every coadjoint orbit of a connected co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostant's_convexity_theorem |
In mathematics , the Kostka number K λ μ {\displaystyle K_{\lambda \mu }} (depending on two integer partitions λ {\displaystyle \lambda } and μ {\displaystyle \mu } ) is a non-negative integer that is equal to the number of semistandard Young tableaux of shape λ {\displaystyle \lambda } and weight μ {\displaystyle \mu ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostka_number |
In mathematics , Kostka polynomials , named after the mathematician Carl Kostka , are families of polynomials that generalize the Kostka numbers . They are studied primarily in algebraic combinatorics and representation theory .
The two-variable Kostka polynomials K λμ ( q , t ) are known by several names including K... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostka_polynomial |
In abstract algebra , a Koszul algebra R {\displaystyle R} is a graded k {\displaystyle k} - algebra over which the ground field k {\displaystyle k} has a linear minimal graded free resolution, i.e. , there exists an exact sequence :
for some nonnegative integers b i {\displaystyle b_{i}} . Here R ( − j ) {\displayst... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koszul_algebra |
In mathematics , Koszul duality , named after the French mathematician Jean-Louis Koszul , is any of various kinds of dualities found in representation theory of Lie algebras , abstract algebras ( semisimple algebra ) [ 1 ] and topology (e.g., equivariant cohomology [ 2 ] ). The prototypical example of Koszul duality w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koszul_duality |
A kotan ( Katakana : コタン) is a traditional settlement of the Ainu people . [ 1 ]
Due to the scarcity of primary source materials (as the Ainu did not have a system of writing ), all studies on the Ainu kotan (based on Russian , Japanese , and English works) will have different analyzations and opinions, varying largel... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotan_(village) |
Prof. Kotcherlakota Rangadhama Rao Memorial Lecture Award is given for the outstanding contributions in the subject of Spectroscopy in Physics . The award was established by the Indian National Science Academy of Calcutta in the year 1979. The honour is awarded to Indian citizens.
The Memorial Lecture Award was establ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotcherlakota_Rangadhama_Rao_Memorial_Lecture_Award |
Kotoeri ( ことえり ) is a discontinued Japanese-language input method that came standard with OS X and earlier versions of Classic Mac OS until OS X Yosemite . Kotoeri (written ことえり or 言選り ) literally means "word selection".
The name "Kotoeri" comes from the chapter of Hahakigi [ ja ] in Tale of Genji : "Even though I wri... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotoeri |
Kounotori 6 ( こうのとり6号機 ) , also known as HTV-6 , was the sixth flight of the H-II Transfer Vehicle , an uncrewed cargo spacecraft launched to resupply the International Space Station . It was launched at 13:26:47 UTC on 9 December 2016 aboard H-IIB launch vehicle from Tanegashima Space Center .
Major changes from prev... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kounotori_Integrated_Tether_Experiment |
The Koutecký–Levich equation models the measured electric current at an electrode from an electrochemical reaction in relation to the kinetic activity and the mass transport of reactants.
The Koutecký–Levich equation can be written as [ 1 ] :
1 i m = 1 i K + 1 i M T {\displaystyle {1 \over i_{m}}={1 \over i_{K}}+{1 \... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koutecký–Levich_equation |
Kovács reagent is a biochemical reagent consisting of isoamyl alcohol , para-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (DMAB), and concentrated hydrochloric acid . It is used for the diagnostical indole test , to determine the ability of the organism to split indole from the amino acid tryptophan . The indole produced yields a red co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kovac's_reagent |
In statistical mechanics and condensed matter physics , the Kovacs effect is a kind of memory effect in glassy systems below the glass-transition temperature . A.J. Kovacs observed that a system’s state out of equilibrium is defined not only by its macro thermodynamical variables, but also by the inner parameters of th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kovacs_effect |
Kovasznay flow corresponds to an exact solution of the Navier–Stokes equations and are interpreted to describe the flow behind a two-dimensional grid. The flow is named after Leslie Stephen George Kovasznay , who discovered this solution in 1948. [ 1 ] The solution is often used to validate numerical codes solving two-... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kovasznay_flow |
In gas chromatography , the Kovats retention index (shorter Kovats index , retention index ; plural retention indices ) is used to convert retention times into system-independent constants. The index is named after the Hungarian-born Swiss chemist Ervin Kováts (1927-2012), who outlined the concept in the 1950s while pe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kovats_retention_index |
The Kowalski ester homologation is a chemical reaction for the homologation of esters . [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
This reaction was designed as a safer alternative to the Arndt–Eistert synthesis , avoiding the need for diazomethane . The Kowalski reaction is named after its inventor, Conrad J. Kowalski .
The mechanism is disputed.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kowalski_ester_homologation |
The Kozeny–Carman equation (or Carman–Kozeny equation or Kozeny equation ) is a relation used in the field of fluid dynamics to calculate the pressure drop of a fluid flowing through a packed bed of solids. It is named after Josef Kozeny and Philip C. Carman. The equation is only valid for creeping flow , i.e. in the s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozeny–Carman_equation |
Kozhikode Metro is a proposed rapid transit system for the city of Kozhikode , in India. In 2010, the State government explored the possibility of implementing a metro rail project for Kozhikode city and its suburbs. The proposal was to have a corridor connecting Meenchanda to the Kozhikode Medical College Hospital thr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozhikode_Light_Metro |
Kqueue is a scalable event notification interface introduced in FreeBSD 4.1 in July 2000, [ 1 ] [ 2 ] also supported in NetBSD , OpenBSD , DragonFly BSD , and macOS . Kqueue was originally authored in 2000 by Jonathan Lemon, [ 1 ] [ 2 ] then involved with the FreeBSD Core Team . Kqueue makes it possible for software li... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kqueue |
Kr00k (also written as KrØØk ) is a security vulnerability that allows some WPA2 encrypted WiFi traffic to be decrypted. [ 1 ] The vulnerability was originally discovered by security company ESET in 2019 and assigned CVE - 2019-15126 on August 17th, 2019. [ 2 ] ESET estimates that this vulnerability affects over a bill... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr00k |
Krypton difluoride , KrF 2 is a chemical compound of krypton and fluorine . It was the first compound of krypton discovered. [ 2 ] It is a volatile , colourless solid at room temperature. The structure of the KrF 2 molecule is linear, with Kr−F distances of 188.9 pm. It reacts with strong Lewis acids to form salts of t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KrF2 |
Krypton(IV) fluoride is a hypothetical inorganic chemical compound of krypton and fluorine with the chemical formula KrF 4 . At one time researchers thought they had synthesized it, but the claim was discredited. [ 1 ] The compound is predicted to be difficult to make and unstable if made. [ 2 ] However, it is predicte... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KrF4 |
Krypton hexafluoride is an inorganic chemical compound of krypton and fluorine with the chemical formula KrF 6 . It is still a hypothetical compound . [ 1 ] Calculations indicate it is unstable. [ 2 ]
In 1933, Linus Pauling predicted that the heavier noble gases would be able to form compounds with fluorine and oxygen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KrF6 |
In colloidal chemistry , the Krafft temperature (or Krafft point , after German chemist Friedrich Krafft ) is defined as the minimum temperature at which the formation of micelles occurs in a solution of dissolved surfactant . It has been found that solubility at the Krafft point is nearly equal to critical micelle con... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krafft_temperature |
The kraft process (also known as kraft pulping or sulfate process ) is a process for conversion of wood into wood pulp , which consists of almost pure cellulose fibres, the main component of paper . The kraft process involves treatment of wood chips with a hot mixture of water, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and sodium sulfi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraft_process |
In coding theory , the Kraft–McMillan inequality gives a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a prefix code [ 1 ] (in Leon G. Kraft's version) or a uniquely decodable code (in Brockway McMillan 's version) for a given set of codeword lengths. Its applications to prefix codes and trees often find use ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraft–McMillan_inequality |
Krakatoa is a modular explosive device used for explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) or demolitions developed by the British company Alford Technologies . The device is designed to fire a number of different projectiles, operates both in air and underwater, and can be used in a vertical or horizontal orientation. [ 1 ]
T... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krakatoa_(explosive) |
Kramers' law is a formula for the spectral distribution of X-rays produced by an electron hitting a solid target. The formula concerns only bremsstrahlung radiation, not the element specific characteristic radiation . It is named after its discoverer, the Dutch physicist Hendrik Anthony Kramers . [ 1 ]
The formula for... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kramers'_law |
The Kramers–Kronig relations , sometimes abbreviated as KK relations , are bidirectional mathematical relations, connecting the real and imaginary parts of any complex function that is analytic in the upper half-plane . The relations are often used to compute the real part from the imaginary part (or vice versa) of res... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kramers–Kronig_relations |
In stochastic processes , Kramers–Moyal expansion refers to a Taylor series expansion of the master equation , named after Hans Kramers and José Enrique Moyal . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] In many textbooks, the expansion is used only to derive the Fokker–Planck equation , and never used again. In general, continuous stochastic ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kramers–Moyal_expansion |
The Kramers–Wannier duality is a symmetry in statistical physics . It relates the free energy of a two-dimensional square-lattice Ising model at a low temperature to that of another Ising model at a high temperature. It was discovered by Hendrik Kramers and Gregory Wannier in 1941. [ 1 ] With the aid of this duality ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kramers–Wannier_duality |
In probability theory , Kramkov's optional decomposition theorem (or just optional decomposition theorem ) is a mathematical theorem on the decomposition of a positive supermartingale V {\displaystyle V} with respect to a family of equivalent martingale measures into the form
where C {\displaystyle C} is an adapted (o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kramkov's_optional_decomposition_theorem |
Krapcho decarboxylation is a chemical reaction used to manipulate certain organic esters . [ 1 ] This reaction applies to esters with a beta electron-withdrawing group (EWG).
The reaction proceeds by nucleophilic dealkylation of the ester by the halide followed by decarboxylation, followed by hydrolysis of the resulti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krapcho_decarboxylation |
Kraton is the trade name given to a number of high-performance elastomers manufactured by Kraton Polymers, and used as synthetic replacements for rubber . Kraton polymers offer many of the properties of natural rubber, such as flexibility, high traction, and sealing abilities, but with increased resistance to heat, wea... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraton_(polymer) |
Kreft's dichromaticity index (DI) is a measure for quantification of dichromatism . It is defined as the difference in hue angle (Δh ab ) between the color of the sample at the dilution, where the chroma (color saturation) is maximal, and the color of four times more diluted (or thinner) and four times more concentrate... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreft's_dichromaticity_index |
In mathematical analysis , Krein's condition provides a necessary and sufficient condition for exponential sums
to be dense in a weighted L 2 space on the real line. It was discovered by Mark Krein in the 1940s. [ 1 ] A corollary, also called Krein's condition, provides a sufficient condition for the indeterminacy of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krein's_condition |
In mathematics, Krener's theorem is a result attributed to Arthur J. Krener in geometric control theory about the topological properties of attainable sets of finite-dimensional control systems. It states that any attainable set of a bracket-generating system has nonempty interior or, equivalently, that any attainable... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krener's_theorem |
Kreyos was a consumer electronics company based in San Francisco, California. The company intended to develop digital wearable devices fitted for people with active lifestyles. The Kreyos Meteor, the company's first product, started as a crowd funding campaign from Indiegogo . Although the campaign was funded to a bit ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreyos |
In information theory , given an unknown stationary source π with alphabet A and a sample w from π , the Krichevsky–Trofimov (KT) estimator produces an estimate p i ( w ) of the probability of each symbol i ∈ A . This estimator is optimal in the sense that it minimizes the worst-case regret asymptotically.
For a binar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krichevsky–Trofimov_estimator |
Kripke semantics (also known as relational semantics or frame semantics , and often confused with possible world semantics ) [ 1 ] is a formal semantics for non-classical logic systems created in the late 1950s and early 1960s by Saul Kripke and André Joyal . It was first conceived for modal logics , and later adapted ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kripke_semantics |
The Krische allylation involves the enantioselective iridium-catalyzed addition of an allyl group to an aldehyde or an alcohol , resulting in the formation of a secondary homoallylic alcohol. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The mechanism of the Krische allylation involves primary alcohol dehydrogenation or, when using aldehyde reactants, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krische_allylation |
Krister Holmberg , born 1946, is a Swedish chemist .
Holmberg took a PhD in Organic Chemistry from Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg, Sweden in 1974. He then worked in industry for many years and he was R&D Director of Berol Nobel in Stenungsund, Sweden. During the period 1991-1998 he was Director of the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krister_Holmberg |
Kristi Lynn Kiick is the Blue and Gold Distinguished Professor of Materials Science and Engineering at the University of Delaware . [ 1 ] She studies polymers, biomaterials and hydrogels for drug delivery and regenerative medicine. She is a Fellow of the American Chemical Society , the American Institute for Medical an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristi_Kiick |
Kristin Shrader-Frechette (born 1944) is O'Neill Family Professor, Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Philosophy, at the University of Notre Dame . She has previously held senior professorships at the University of California and the University of Florida . Most of Shrader-Frechette's research work an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristin_Shrader-Frechette |
Krogh's principle states that "for such a large number of problems there will be some animal of choice, or a few such animals, on which it can be most conveniently studied." This concept is central to those disciplines of biology that rely on the comparative method , such as neuroethology , comparative physiology , and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krogh's_principle |
Krogmann's salt is a linear chain compound consisting of stacks of tetracyanoplatinate. Sometimes described as molecular wires, Krogmann's salt exhibits highly anisotropic electrical conductivity. For this reason, Krogmann's salt and related materials are of some interest in nanotechnology . [ 2 ]
Krogmann's salt was... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krogmann's_salt |
The Kroll process is a pyrometallurgical industrial process used to produce metallic titanium from titanium tetrachloride . As of 2001 William Justin Kroll 's process replaced the Hunter process for almost all commercial production. [ 1 ]
In the Kroll process, titanium tetrachloride is reduced by liquid magnesium to ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroll_process |
The Krone BiG X is a self-propelled forage harvester manufactured by the agricultural machinery company Krone Agriculture from Spelle . [ 1 ] Since May 2000, this vehicle has been one of Krone's main revenue generators. [ 2 ] [ 3 ]
From May 2000, Maschinenfabrik Bernard Krone produced the first generation of the BiG X... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krone_BiG_X |
In mathematics , Kronecker's congruence , introduced by Kronecker , states that
where p is a prime and Φ p ( x , y ) is the modular polynomial of order p , given by
for j the elliptic modular function and τ running through classes of imaginary quadratic integers of discriminant n .
This number theory -related artic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kronecker's_congruence |
In mathematics , Kronecker's lemma (see, e.g., Shiryaev (1996 , Lemma IV.3.2)) is a result about the relationship between convergence of infinite sums and convergence of sequences. The lemma is often used in the proofs of theorems concerning sums of independent random variables such as the strong Law of large numbers .... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kronecker's_lemma |
In mathematics, Kronecker coefficients g λ μν describe the decomposition of the tensor product (= Kronecker product ) of two irreducible representations of a symmetric group into irreducible representations. They play an important role in algebraic combinatorics and geometric complexity theory . They were introduced by... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kronecker_coefficient |
Kronecker substitution is a technique named after Leopold Kronecker for determining the coefficients of an unknown polynomial by evaluating it at a single value. If p ( x ) is a polynomial with integer coefficients, and x is chosen to be both a power of two and larger in magnitude than any of the coefficients of p , th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kronecker_substitution |
Krtin Nithiyanandam is a British medical researcher . He was awarded the Scientific American Innovator Award at the 2015 Google Science Fair for his work on developing a novel diagnosis test for early-onset Alzheimer's disease . [ 1 ] The award came with $25,000. [ 2 ] In 2017, Krtin's research on identifying a mechani... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krtin_Nithiyanandam |
In abstract algebra , Krull's separation lemma is a lemma in ring theory . It was proved by Wolfgang Krull in 1928. [ 1 ]
Let I {\displaystyle I} be an ideal and let M {\displaystyle M} be a multiplicative system ( i.e. M {\displaystyle M} is closed under multiplication) in a ring R {\displaystyle R} , and suppose I ∩... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krull's_separation_lemma |
In mathematics , and more specifically in ring theory , Krull's theorem , named after Wolfgang Krull , asserts that a nonzero ring [ 1 ] has at least one maximal ideal . The theorem was proved in 1929 by Krull, who used transfinite induction . The theorem admits a simple proof using Zorn's lemma , and in fact is equi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krull's_theorem |
In commutative algebra , the Krull–Akizuki theorem states the following: Let A be a one-dimensional reduced noetherian ring , [ 1 ] K its total ring of fractions . Suppose L is a finite extension of K . [ 2 ] If A ⊂ B ⊂ L {\displaystyle A\subset B\subset L} and B is reduced,
then B is a noetherian ring of dimension at ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krull–Akizuki_theorem |
In molecular genetics , the Krüppel-like family of transcription factors ( KLFs ) are a set of eukaryotic C2H2 zinc finger DNA-binding proteins that regulate gene expression . This family has been expanded to also include the Sp transcription factor and related proteins, forming the Sp/KLF family . [ 1 ]
The following... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kruppel-like_factors |
The Krupp–Renn process was a direct reduction steelmaking process used from the 1930s to the 1970s. It used a rotary furnace and was one of the few technically and commercially successful direct reduction processes in the world, acting as an alternative to blast furnaces due to their coke consumption . The Krupp-Renn p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krupp–Renn_process |
Kruskal's algorithm [ 1 ] finds a minimum spanning forest of an undirected edge-weighted graph . If the graph is connected , it finds a minimum spanning tree . It is a greedy algorithm that in each step adds to the forest the lowest-weight edge that will not form a cycle . [ 2 ] The key steps of the algorithm are sorti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kruskal's_algorithm |
In mathematics , Kruskal's tree theorem states that the set of finite trees over a well-quasi-ordered set of labels is itself well-quasi-ordered under homeomorphic embedding.
A finitary application of the theorem gives the existence of the fast-growing TREE function . TREE(3) is largely accepted to be one of the large... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kruskal's_tree_theorem |
The Krylov–Bogolyubov averaging method ( Krylov–Bogolyubov method of averaging ) is a mathematical method for approximate analysis of oscillating processes in non-linear mechanics. [ 1 ] The method is based on the averaging principle when the exact differential equation of the motion is replaced by its averaged version... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krylov–Bogoliubov_averaging_method |
In mathematics , the Krylov–Bogolyubov theorem (also known as the existence of invariant measures theorem ) may refer to either of the two related fundamental theorems within the theory of dynamical systems . The theorems guarantee the existence of invariant measures for certain "nice" maps defined on "nice" spaces and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krylov–Bogolyubov_theorem |
KryoFlux is a hardware and software solution for preserving software on floppy disks . [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It was developed by the Software Preservation Society.
KryoFlux consists of a small hardware device, [ 4 ] [ 5 ] which is a software-programmable FDC system that runs on small ARM -based devices that connects to a floppy... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KryoFlux |
Krypton-85 ( 85 Kr ) is a radioisotope of krypton .
Krypton-85 has a half-life of 10.756 years and a maximum decay energy of 687 keV . [ 1 ] It decays into stable rubidium -85. Its most common decay (99.57%) is by beta particle emission with a maximum energy of 687 keV and an average energy of 251 keV. The second most... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krypton-85 |
Krypton hexafluoride is an inorganic chemical compound of krypton and fluorine with the chemical formula KrF 6 . It is still a hypothetical compound . [ 1 ] Calculations indicate it is unstable. [ 2 ]
In 1933, Linus Pauling predicted that the heavier noble gases would be able to form compounds with fluorine and oxygen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krypton_hexafluoride |
Krypton(IV) fluoride is a hypothetical inorganic chemical compound of krypton and fluorine with the chemical formula KrF 4 . At one time researchers thought they had synthesized it, but the claim was discredited. [ 1 ] The compound is predicted to be difficult to make and unstable if made. [ 2 ] However, it is predicte... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krypton_tetrafluoride |
In Chemistry , a kryptoracemic compound or kryptoracemate (sometimes false conglomerate ) is a racemic compound crystallizing in a Sohncke space group .
In most of the cases, racemic compounds crystallize in centrosymmetric crystal structures. In a kryptoracemic compound the chemical composition of the crystal is race... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kryptoracemic_compounds |
Kröger–Vink notation is a set of conventions that are used to describe electric charges and lattice positions of point defect species in crystals . It is primarily used for ionic crystals and is particularly useful for describing various defect reactions. It was proposed by Ferdinand Anne Kröger [ fr ] and Hendrik Jan ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kröger–Vink_notation |
Kröhnke pyridine synthesis is a reaction in organic synthesis that occurs between α-pyridinium methyl ketone salts and α, β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds and is used to generate highly functionalized pyridines . Pyridines occur widely in natural and synthetic products, so there is wide interest in routes for their syn... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kröhnke_pyridine_synthesis |
The Krüppel associated box ( KRAB ) domain is a category of transcriptional repression domains present in approximately 400 human zinc finger protein -based transcription factors (KRAB zinc finger proteins). [ 1 ] The KRAB domain typically consists of about 75 amino acid residues, while the minimal repression module is... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krüppel_associated_box |
In medicine, Kt/V is a number used to quantify hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis treatment adequacy.
In the context of hemodialysis, Kt/V is a pseudo-dimensionless number; it is dependent on the pre- and post-dialysis concentration (see below). It is not the product of K and t divided by V , as would be the case in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kt/V |
Kuber is a smokeless tobacco product, known for its highly addictive properties and its unique presentation disguised as a mouth freshener. It originated in India and has gained attention for its widespread use and impact on public health in various countries, including Uganda .
The product is typically sold in small ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuber_(tobacco) |
In mathematics, the Kubilius model relies on a clarification and extension of a finite probability space on which the behaviour of additive arithmetic functions can be modeled by sum of independent random variables . [ 1 ]
The method was introduced in Jonas Kubilius 's monograph Tikimybiniai metodai skaičių teorijoje ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubilius_model |
The Kubo formula , named for Ryogo Kubo who first presented the formula in 1957, [ 1 ] [ 2 ] is an equation which expresses the linear response of an observable quantity due to a time-dependent perturbation .
Among numerous applications of the Kubo formula, one can calculate the charge and spin susceptibilities of sys... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubo_formula |
Note:
The Kuching Declaration ( Iban : Jaku penetap Kuching ; Malay : Perisytiharan Kuching ) was adopted by the three component parties of the Pakatan Rakyat (i.e. People's Justice Party (PKR) signed by Anwar Ibrahim and Baru Bian , Democratic Action Party (DAP) signed by Lim Kit Siang and Wong Ho Leng , Pan-Malaysia... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuching_Declaration |
A Kugelrohr ( German for "ball tube") is a short-path vacuum distillation apparatus [ 1 ] : 150 typically used to distill relatively small amounts of compounds with high boiling points (usually greater than 300 °C) under greatly reduced pressure.
" Short path " refers to the short distance that the vapors of the disti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kugelrohr |
Kugel–Khomskii coupling describes a coupling between the spin and orbital degrees of freedom in a solid; it is named after the Russian physicists Kliment I. Kugel (Климент Ильич Кугель) and Daniel I. Khomskii (Daniil I. Khomskii, Даниил Ильич Хомский). The Hamiltonian used is:
This condensed matter physics -related ar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kugel–Khomskii_coupling |
In game theory , Kuhn's theorem relates perfect recall , mixed and unmixed strategies and their expected payoffs. It was formalized by Harold W. Kuhn in 1953. [ 1 ]
The theorem states that in a game where players may remember all of their previous moves/states of the game available to them, for every mixed strategy th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuhn's_theorem |
The Kuhn length is a theoretical treatment, developed by Werner Kuhn , in which a real polymer chain is considered as a collection of N {\displaystyle N} Kuhn segments each with a Kuhn length b {\displaystyle b} . Each Kuhn segment can be thought of as if they are freely jointed with each other. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ]... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuhn_length |
In mathematics , Kuiper's theorem (after Nicolaas Kuiper ) is a result on the topology of operators on an infinite-dimensional, complex Hilbert space H . It states that the space GL( H ) of invertible bounded endomorphisms of H is such that all maps from any finite complex Y to GL( H ) are homotopic to a constant, for ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper's_theorem |
Kukulkanins are chalcones isolated from Mexican Mimosa . [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
This organic chemistry article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kukulkanin |
The Kulinkovich reaction describes the organic synthesis of substituted cyclopropanols through reaction of esters with dialkyldialkoxytitanium reagents, which are generated in situ from Grignard reagents containing a hydrogen in beta-position and titanium(IV) alkoxides such as titanium isopropoxide . [ 1 ] This react... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulinkovich_reaction |
Karlsruhe Accurate Arithmetic ( KAA ), or Karlsruhe Accurate Arithmetic Approach ( KAAA ), augments conventional floating-point arithmetic with good error behaviour with new operations to calculate scalar products with a single rounding error. [ 1 ]
The foundations for KAA were developed at the University of Karlsruhe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulisch_arithmetic |
In the mathematical field of differential geometry , the Kulkarni–Nomizu product (named for Ravindra Shripad Kulkarni and Katsumi Nomizu ) is defined for two (0, 2) - tensors and gives as a result a (0, 4) -tensor.
If h and k are symmetric (0, 2) -tensors, then the product is defined via: [ 1 ]
where the X j are tang... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulkarni–Nomizu_product |
In information theory and statistics , Kullback's inequality is a lower bound on the Kullback–Leibler divergence expressed in terms of the large deviations rate function . [ 1 ] If P and Q are probability distributions on the real line, such that P is absolutely continuous with respect to Q , i.e. P << Q , and whose fi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kullback's_inequality |
In mathematical statistics , the Kullback–Leibler ( KL ) divergence (also called relative entropy and I-divergence [ 1 ] ), denoted D KL ( P ∥ Q ) {\displaystyle D_{\text{KL}}(P\parallel Q)} , is a type of statistical distance : a measure of how much a model probability distribution Q is different from a true probabili... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kullback–Leibler_divergence |
In organic chemistry , the Kumada coupling is a type of cross coupling reaction , useful for generating carbon–carbon bonds by the reaction of a Grignard reagent and an organic halide. The procedure uses transition metal catalysts , typically nickel or palladium, to couple a combination of two alkyl , aryl or vinyl gro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumada_coupling |
Kumeyaay astronomy or cosmology ( Kumeyaay : My Uuyow , "sky knowledge") comprises the astronomical knowledge of the Kumeyaay people , a Native American group whose traditional homeland occupies what is now Southern California in the United States and adjacent parts of northern Baja California in Mexico. [ 1 ] A deepl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumeyaay_astronomy |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.