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A radar speed gun , also known as a radar gun , speed gun , or speed trap gun , is a device used to measure the speed of moving objects. It is commonly used by police to check the speed of moving vehicles while conducting traffic enforcement , and in professional sports to measure speeds such as those of baseball pitch... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radar_speed_gun |
Radar warning receiver ( RWR ) systems detect the radio emissions of radar systems. Their primary purpose is to issue a warning when a radar signal that might be a threat is detected, like a fighter aircraft 's fire control radar . The warning can then be used, manually or automatically, to evade the detected threat. R... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radar_warning_receiver |
In computational learning theory ( machine learning and theory of computation ), Rademacher complexity , named after Hans Rademacher , measures richness of a class of sets with respect to a probability distribution . The concept can also be extended to real valued functions.
Given a set A ⊆ R m {\displaystyle A\subset... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rademacher_complexity |
In mathematical analysis , the Rademacher–Menchov theorem , introduced by Rademacher ( 1922 ) and Menchoff ( 1923 ), gives a sufficient condition for a series of orthogonal functions on an interval to converge almost everywhere .
If the coefficients c ν of a series of bounded orthogonal functions on an interval satisf... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rademacher–Menchov_theorem |
Radenska is a Slovenia -based worldwide known brand of mineral water , trademark of Radenska d.o.o. company. It is one of the oldest Slovenian brands .
Development of the mineral water company started at Radenci in 1869, when Karl Henn , owner of the land, filled the first bottles of mineral water. The Radenska Water ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radenska |
Radial chromatography is a form of chromatography , a preparatory technique for separating chemical mixtures . It can also be referred to as centrifugal thin-layer chromatography . It is a common technique for isolating compounds and can be compared to column chromatography as a similar process. A common device used fo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radial_chromatography |
In statistical mechanics , the radial distribution function , (or pair correlation function ) g ( r ) {\displaystyle g(r)} in a system of particles (atoms, molecules, colloids, etc.), describes how density varies as a function of distance from a reference particle.
If a given particle is taken to be at the origin O , ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radial_distribution_function |
Radial dysplasia , also known as radial club hand or radial longitudinal deficiency , is a congenital difference occurring in a longitudinal direction resulting in radial deviation of the wrist and shortening of the forearm. It can occur in different ways, from a minor anomaly to complete absence of the radius , radial... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radial_dysplasia |
Radial immunodiffusion (RID), Mancini immunodiffusion or single radial immunodiffusion assay, is an older immunodiffusion technique used in immunology to determine the quantity or concentration of an antigen in a sample. [ 1 ]
A solution containing antibody is added to a heated medium such as agar or agarose dissolved... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radial_immunodiffusion |
In mathematics , a subset A ⊆ X {\displaystyle A\subseteq X} of a linear space X {\displaystyle X} is radial at a given point a 0 ∈ A {\displaystyle a_{0}\in A} if for every x ∈ X {\displaystyle x\in X} there exists a real t x > 0 {\displaystyle t_{x}>0} such that for every t ∈ [ 0 , t x ] , {\displaystyle t\in [0,t_{x... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radial_set |
The radial spoke is a multi-unit protein structure found in the axonemes of eukaryotic cilia and flagella . [ 1 ] Although experiments have determined the importance of the radial spoke in the proper function of these organelles , its structure and mode of action remain poorly understood.
Radial spokes are T-shaped st... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radial_spoke |
The radial velocity or line-of-sight velocity of a target with respect to an observer is the rate of change of the vector displacement between the two points. It is formulated as the vector projection of the target-observer relative velocity onto the relative direction or line-of-sight (LOS) connecting the two points.
... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radial_velocity |
In radiometry , radiance is the radiant flux emitted, reflected, transmitted or received by a given surface, per unit solid angle per unit projected area. Radiance is used to characterize diffuse emission and reflection of electromagnetic radiation , and to quantify emission of neutrinos and other particles. The SI uni... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiance |
Radiant heating and cooling is a category of HVAC technologies that exchange heat by both convection and radiation with the environments they are designed to heat or cool. There are many subcategories of radiant heating and cooling, including: "radiant ceiling panels", [ 1 ] "embedded surface systems", [ 1 ] "thermally... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiant_cooling |
In radiometry , radiant energy density is the radiant energy per unit volume . [ 1 ] The SI unit of radiant energy density is the joule per cubic metre (J/m 3 ).
Radiant energy density , denoted w e ("e" for "energetic", to avoid confusion with photometric quantities), is defined as [ 2 ]
where
Because radiation alw... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiant_energy_density |
In radiometry , radiant exitance or radiant emittance is the radiant flux emitted by a surface per unit area, whereas spectral exitance or spectral emittance is the radiant exitance of a surface per unit frequency or wavelength , depending on whether the spectrum is taken as a function of frequency or of wavelength. Th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiant_exitance |
In radiometry , radiant exposure or fluence is the radiant energy received by a surface per unit area, or equivalently the irradiance of a surface, integrated over time of irradiation, and spectral exposure is the radiant exposure per unit frequency or wavelength , depending on whether the spectrum is taken as a functi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiant_exposure |
In radiometry , radiant flux or radiant power is the radiant energy emitted, reflected, transmitted, or received per unit time, and spectral flux or spectral power is the radiant flux per unit frequency or wavelength , depending on whether the spectrum is taken as a function of frequency or of wavelength. The SI unit o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiant_flux |
In radiometry , radiant intensity is the radiant flux emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit solid angle , and spectral intensity is the radiant intensity per unit frequency or wavelength , depending on whether the spectrum is taken as a function of frequency or of wavelength. These are directional quant... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiant_intensity |
In physics , radiation is the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles through space or a material medium. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] This includes:
Radiation is often categorized as either ionizing or non-ionizing depending on the energy of the radiated particles. Ionizing radiation carries more than 10 ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation |
Radiation-enhanced diffusion is a phenomenon in materials science like physics and chemistry, wherein the presence of radiation accelerates the diffusion of atoms or ions within a material. The effect arises because of the creation of defects in the crystal lattice, such as vacancies or interstitials, by the radiation.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation-enhanced_diffusion |
Radiation chemistry is a subdivision of nuclear chemistry which studies the chemical effects of ionizing radiation on matter. This is quite different from radiochemistry , as no radioactivity needs to be present in the material which is being chemically changed by the radiation. An example is the conversion of water in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_chemistry |
Radiation damage is the effect of ionizing radiation on physical objects including non-living structural materials. It can be either detrimental or beneficial for materials.
Radiobiology is the study of the action of ionizing radiation on living things , including the health effects of radiation in humans . High doses... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_damage |
The following Radiological protection instruments can be used to detect and measure ionizing radiation : | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_detection |
Radiation dose reconstruction refers to the process of estimating radiation doses that were received by individuals or populations in the past as a result of particular exposure situations of concern. [ 1 ] The basic principle of radiation dose reconstruction is to characterize the radiation environment to which indivi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_dose_reconstruction |
Radiation effect is the physical and chemical property changes of materials induced by radiation . One such phenomena is acute radiation syndrome , caused by exposure to ionizing radiation . [ 1 ]
This physics -related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_effect |
When optical fibers are exposed to ionizing radiation such as energetic electrons , protons , neutrons , X-rays , Ƴ-radiation, etc., they undergo 'damage'. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The term 'damage' primarily refers to added optical absorption, resulting in loss of the propagating optical signal leading to decreased power at the ou... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_effects_on_optical_fibers |
In antenna theory, radiation efficiency is a measure of how well a radio antenna converts the radio-frequency power accepted at its terminals into radiated power. Likewise, in a receiving antenna it describes the proportion of the radio wave's power intercepted by the antenna which is actually delivered as an electric... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_efficiency |
Radiation exposure may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_exposure_(disambiguation) |
Radiation hormesis is the hypothesis that low doses of ionizing radiation (within the region of and just above natural background levels ) are beneficial, stimulating the activation of repair mechanisms that protect against disease , that are not activated in absence of ionizing radiation. The reserve repair mechanisms... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_hormesis |
Radiation materials science is a subfield of materials science which studies the interaction of radiation with matter : a broad subject covering many forms of irradiation and of matter.
Some of the most profound effects of irradiation on materials occur in the core of nuclear power reactors where atoms comprising the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_material_science |
Radiation monitoring involves the measurement of radiation dose or radionuclide contamination for reasons related to the assessment or control of exposure to radiation or radioactive substances , and the interpretation of the results. [ 1 ]
Environmental monitoring is the measurement of external dose rates due to sour... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_monitoring |
Radiation Portal Monitors ( RPM s) are passive radiation detection devices used for the screening of individuals, vehicles, cargo or other vectors for detection of illicit sources such as at borders or secure facilities. Fear of terrorist attacks with radiological weapons spurred RPM deployment for cargo scanning since... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_portal_monitor |
Radiation pressure (also known as light pressure ) is mechanical pressure exerted upon a surface due to the exchange of momentum between the object and the electromagnetic field . This includes the momentum of light or electromagnetic radiation of any wavelength that is absorbed , reflected , or otherwise emitted (e.g.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_pressure |
Radiation protection , also known as radiological protection , is defined by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) as "The protection of people from harmful effects of exposure to ionizing radiation , and the means for achieving this". [ 1 ] Exposure can be from a source of radiation external to the human body ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_protection |
Radiation reduced hybrid is procedure in discovering the location of genetic markers relative to one another. The relative location of these markers can be combined into a physical map or a genetic map . The radiation hybrid technique begins as another way to amplify and purify DNA , the first step in any sequencing ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_reduced_hybrid |
Radiation sensitivity is the susceptibility of a material to physical or chemical changes induced by radiation . [ 1 ] Examples of radiation sensitive materials are silver chloride , photoresists and biomaterials . Pine trees are more radiation susceptible than birch due to the complexity of the pine DNA in comparison ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_sensitivity |
Radiation therapy or radiotherapy ( RT , RTx , or XRT ) is a treatment using ionizing radiation , generally provided as part of cancer therapy to either kill or control the growth of malignant cells . It is normally delivered by a linear particle accelerator . Radiation therapy may be curative in a number of types of c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_therapy |
In the study of heat transfer , radiative cooling [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] is the process by which a body loses heat by thermal radiation . As Planck's law describes, every physical body spontaneously and continuously emits electromagnetic radiation .
Radiative cooling has been applied in various contexts throughout human hi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiative_cooling |
Radiative equilibrium is the condition where the total thermal radiation leaving an object is equal to the total thermal radiation entering it. It is one of the several requirements for thermodynamic equilibrium , but it can occur in the absence of thermodynamic equilibrium. There are various types of radiative equilib... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiative_equilibrium |
Radiative flux, also known as radiative flux density or radiation flux (or sometimes power flux density [ 1 ] ), is the amount of power radiated through a given area, in the form of photons or other elementary particles, typically measured in W/m 2 . [ 2 ] It is used in astronomy to determine the magnitude and spectral... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiative_flux |
In particle physics , a radiative process refers to one elementary particle emitting another and continuing to exist. [ 1 ] This typically happens when a fermion emits a boson such as a gluon or photon .
This particle physics –related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiative_process |
Radiators are heat exchangers used for cooling internal combustion engines , mainly in automobiles but also in piston-engined aircraft , railway locomotives , motorcycles , stationary generating plants or any similar use of such an engine.
Internal combustion engines are often cooled by circulating a liquid called eng... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiator_(engine_cooling) |
Radiators and convectors are heat exchangers designed to transfer thermal energy from one medium to another for the purpose of space heating.
Denison Olmsted of New Haven, Connecticut, appears to have been the earliest person to use the term 'radiator' to mean a heating appliance in an 1834 patent for a stove with a h... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiator_(heating) |
Radical-nucleophilic aromatic substitution or S RN 1 in organic chemistry is a type of substitution reaction in which a certain substituent on an aromatic compound is replaced by a nucleophile through an intermediary free radical species:
The substituent X is a halide and nucleophiles can be sodium amide , an alkoxide... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical-nucleophilic_aromatic_substitution |
In chemistry , a radical , also known as a free radical , is an atom , molecule , or ion that has at least one unpaired valence electron . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] With some exceptions, these unpaired electrons make radicals highly chemically reactive . Many radicals spontaneously dimerize . Most organic radicals have short lifetim... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_(chemistry) |
In chemistry , a radical clock is a chemical compound that assists in the indirect methodology to determine the kinetics of a free-radical reaction . The radical-clock compound itself reacts at a known rate, which provides a calibration for determining the rate of another reaction.
Many organic mechanisms involve inte... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_clock |
Radical cyclization reactions are organic chemical transformations that yield cyclic products through radical intermediates. They usually proceed in three basic steps: selective radical generation, radical cyclization, and conversion of the cyclized radical to product. [ 1 ]
Radical cyclization reactions produce mono-... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_cyclization |
Radical disproportionation encompasses a group of reactions in organic chemistry in which two radicals react to form two different non-radical products. Radicals in chemistry are defined as reactive atoms or molecules that contain an unpaired electron or electrons in an open shell. The unpaired electrons can cause radi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_disproportionation |
In mathematics and more specifically in field theory , A radical extension of a field K {\displaystyle K} is a field extension obtained by a tower of field extensions, each generated by adjoining an nth root of an element from the previous field.
A simple radical extension is a simple extension F / K generated by a si... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_extension |
In polymer chemistry , radical polymerization ( RP ) is a method of polymerization by which a polymer forms by the successive addition of a radical to building blocks ( repeat units ). Radicals can be formed by a number of different mechanisms, usually involving separate initiator molecules . Following its generation, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_polymerization |
In mathematics , in the realm of abstract algebra , a radical polynomial is a multivariate polynomial [ 1 ] over a field that can be expressed as a polynomial in the sum of squares of the variables. That is, if
is a polynomial ring , the ring of radical polynomials is the subring generated by the polynomial [ 2 ]
Rad... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_polynomial |
In organic chemistry , a radical-substitution reaction is a substitution reaction involving free radicals as a reactive intermediate . [ 1 ]
The reaction always involves at least two steps, and possibly a third.
In the first step called initiation ( 2 , 3 ), a free radical is created by homolysis . Homolysis can be b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_substitution |
In mathematics, the radical symbol , radical sign , root symbol , or surd is a symbol for the square root or higher-order root of a number. The square root of a number x is written as
while the n th root of x is written as
It is also used for other meanings in more advanced mathematics, such as the radical of an idea... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_symbol |
Radical theory is an obsolete scientific theory in chemistry describing the structure of organic compounds . The theory was pioneered by Justus von Liebig , Friedrich Wöhler and Auguste Laurent around 1830 and is not related to the modern understanding of free radicals . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In this theory, organic compounds we... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_theory |
A radio-controlled model (or RC model ) is a model that is steerable with the use of radio control (RC). All types of model vehicles have had RC systems installed in them, including ground vehicles , boats , planes , helicopters and even submarines and scale railway locomotives.
World War II saw increased development ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio-controlled_model |
Radio-frequency (RF) engineering is a subset of electrical engineering involving the application of transmission line , waveguide , antenna , radar , and electromagnetic field principles to the design and application of devices that produce or use signals within the radio band , the frequency range of about 20 kHz up t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio-frequency_engineering |
Radio-frequency induction ( RF induction ) is the use of a radio frequency magnetic field to transfer energy by means of electromagnetic induction in the near field . A radio-frequency alternating current is passed through a coil of wire that acts as the transmitter , and a second coil or conducting object, magneticall... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio-frequency_induction |
A radio-frequency microelectromechanical system ( RF MEMS ) is a microelectromechanical system with electronic components comprising moving sub-millimeter-sized parts that provide radio-frequency (RF) functionality. [ 1 ] RF functionality can be implemented using a variety of RF technologies. Besides RF MEMS technology... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio-frequency_microelectromechanical_system |
Radio frequency sweep or frequency sweep or RF sweep apply to scanning a radio frequency band for detecting signals being transmitted there. A radio receiver with an adjustable receiving frequency is used to do this. A display shows the strength of the signals received at each frequency as the receiver's frequency is m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio-frequency_sweep |
Radio-paging code No. 1 (usually and hereafter called POCSAG ) is an asynchronous protocol used to transmit data to pagers . Its usual designation is an acronym of the P ost O ffice C ode S tandardisation A dvisory G roup, the name of the group that developed the code under the chairmanship of the British Post Office t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio-paging_code_No._1 |
The Radio Astronomy Lab ( RAL ) is an Organized Research Unit (ORU) within the Astronomy Department at the University of California, Berkeley . It was founded by faculty member Harold Weaver in 1958.
Until 2012, RAL maintained a radio astronomy observatory at Hat Creek, near Mt. Lassen. [ 1 ] It continues to support o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Astronomy_Laboratory |
Radio Galaxy Zoo (RGZ) is an internet crowdsourced citizen science project that seeks to locate supermassive black holes in distant galaxies. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is hosted by the web portal Zooniverse . The scientific team want to identify black hole/jet pairs and associate them with the host galaxies. Using a large number ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Galaxy_Zoo |
A Radio Interface Layer ( RIL ) is a layer in an operating system which provides an interface to the hardware's radio and modem on e.g. a mobile phone.
The Android Open Source Project provides a Radio Interface Layer (RIL) between Android telephony services (android.telephony) and the radio hardware.
It consists of a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Interface_Layer |
Radio Link Protocol ( RLP ) is an automatic repeat request ( ARQ ) fragmentation protocol used over a wireless (typically cellular) air interface. Most wireless air interfaces are tuned to provide 1% packet loss , and most Vocoders are mutually tuned to sacrifice very little voice quality at 1% packet loss. However, 1%... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Link_Protocol |
Radio astronomy is a subfield of astronomy that studies celestial objects at radio frequencies . The first detection of radio waves from an astronomical object was in 1933, when Karl Jansky at Bell Telephone Laboratories reported radiation coming from the Milky Way . Subsequent observations have identified a number of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_astronomy |
Radio channel emulators or radio channel simulators (also called fading simulators ) are tools for air interface testing in wireless communication . In a test environment, radio channel emulators replace the real-world radio channel between a radio transmitter and a receiver by providing a faded representation of a tra... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_channel_emulator |
Radio-frequency (RF) engineering is a subset of electrical engineering involving the application of transmission line , waveguide , antenna , radar , and electromagnetic field principles to the design and application of devices that produce or use signals within the radio band , the frequency range of about 20 kHz up t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_electronics |
Radio fingerprinting is a process that identifies a cellular phone or any other radio transmitter by the fingerprint that characterizes its signal transmission and is hard to imitate. An electronic fingerprint makes it possible to identify a wireless device by its radio transmission characteristics. Radio fingerprintin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_fingerprinting |
The radio hat was a portable radio built into a pith helmet that would bring in stations within a 20-mile (32 km) radius. It was introduced in early 1949 for $7.95 as the "Man-from-Mars Radio Hat." [ 1 ] Thanks to a successful publicity campaign, the radio hat was sold at stores from coast to coast in the United States... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_hat |
A radio latino is a measuring instrument used in surveying and military engineering starting in the 16th century. It gets its name from the inventor, Latino Orsini . The radio latino can be considered a kind of geometric square . [ 1 ]
It was a general purpose instrument that could be used for a variety of angular m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_latino |
Radio maps , [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] also known as radio environment maps , [ 5 ] describe how radio waves spread across a geographical region. The main types of radio maps are signal strength maps and propagation maps . Signal strength maps provide a metric that quantifies the received power at each location. In turn,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_map |
Radio modems are modems that transfer data wirelessly across a range of up to tens of kilometres.
Using radio modems is a modern way to create Private Radio Networks (PRN). Private radio networks are used in critical industrial applications, when real-time data communication is needed. Radio modems enable users to be i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_modem |
Radio navigation or radionavigation is the application of radio waves to determine a position of an object on the Earth , either the vessel or an obstruction. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Like radiolocation , it is a type of radiodetermination .
The basic principles are measurements from/to electric beacons , especially
Combinations ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_navigation |
Radio Objects with Continuous Optical Spectra , (abbr. ROCOS , also referred to as ROCOSes) is a group of about 80 astrophysical objects characterized by optical spectra anomalously devoid of emission or absorption features, which makes it impossible to determine their distances and locations in relation to our galaxy ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_object_with_continuous_optical_spectrum |
Radio receiver design includes the electronic design of different components of a radio receiver which processes the radio frequency signal from an antenna in order to produce usable information such as audio. The complexity of a modern receiver and the possible range of circuitry and methods employed are more generall... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_receiver_design |
A radio repeater is a combination of a radio receiver and a radio transmitter that receives a signal and retransmits it, so that two-way radio signals can cover longer distances. A repeater sited at a high elevation can allow two mobile stations, otherwise out of line-of-sight propagation range of each other, to commun... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_repeater |
Radio spectrum pollution is the straying of waves in the radio and electromagnetic spectrums outside their allocations that cause problems for some activities. [ 1 ] It is of particular concern to radio astronomers .
Radio spectrum pollution is mitigated by effective spectrum management. Within the United States, the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_spectrum_pollution |
The radio spectrum scope (also radio panoramic receiver , panoramic adapter , pan receiver , pan adapter , panadapter , panoramic radio spectroscope , panoramoscope , panalyzor and band scope ) was invented by Marcel Wallace - and measures and shows the magnitude of an input signal versus frequency within one or more r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_spectrum_scope |
A radio telescope is a specialized antenna and radio receiver used to detect radio waves from astronomical radio sources in the sky. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Radio telescopes are the main observing instrument used in radio astronomy , which studies the radio frequency portion of the electromagnetic spectrum , just as optical ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_telescope |
A radio transmitter or just transmitter is an electronic device which produces radio waves with an antenna . Radio waves are electromagnetic waves with frequencies between about 30 Hz and 300 GHz . The transmitter itself generates a radio frequency alternating current , which is applied to the antenna. When excited by... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_transmitter_design |
Radioactive contamination , also called radiological pollution , is the deposition of, or presence of radioactive substances on surfaces or within solids, liquids, or gases (including the human body), where their presence is unintended or undesirable (from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) definition). [ 3 ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactive_contamination |
The law of radioactive displacements , also known as Fajans's and Soddy's law , in radiochemistry and nuclear physics , is a rule governing the transmutation of elements during radioactive decay . It is named after Frederick Soddy and Kazimierz Fajans , who independently arrived at it at about the same time in 1913. [ ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactive_displacement_law_of_Fajans_and_Soddy |
Radioactive scrap metal is created when radioactive material enters the metal recycling process and contaminates scrap metal .
A "lost source accident" [ 1 ] [ 2 ] occurs when a radioactive object is lost or stolen . Such objects may appear in the scrap metal industry if people mistake them for harmless bits of metal.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactive_scrap_metal |
A radioactive source is a known quantity of a radionuclide which emits ionizing radiation , typically one or more of the radiation types gamma rays , alpha particles , beta particles , and neutron radiation .
Sources can be used for irradiation , where the radiation performs a significant ionising function on a target... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactive_source |
A radioactive tracer , radiotracer , or radioactive label is a synthetic derivative of a natural compound in which one or more atoms have been replaced by a radionuclide (a radioactive atom). By virtue of its radioactive decay , it can be used to explore the mechanism of chemical reactions by tracing the path that the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactive_tracer |
Radioactive waste is a type of hazardous waste that contains radioactive material . It is a result of many activities, including nuclear medicine , nuclear research , nuclear power generation, nuclear decommissioning , rare-earth mining, and nuclear weapons reprocessing. [ 1 ] The storage and disposal of radioactive wa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactive_waste |
Radioactivity or radionuclide fixatives are specialized polymer coatings used to “fix” radioactive isotopes or radioactive material to surfaces. These fixatives, also known as permanent coatings in the radioactive contamination control field, have been used for many decades in facilities processing radioactive material... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactivity_Fixatives |
Radioactivity is generally used in life sciences for highly sensitive and direct measurements of biological phenomena, and for visualizing the location of biomolecules radiolabelled with a radioisotope .
All atoms exist as stable or unstable isotopes and the latter decay at a given half-life ranging from attoseconds t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactivity_in_the_life_sciences |
A radioallergosorbent test ( RAST ) is a blood test using radioimmunoassay test to detect specific IgE antibodies in order to determine the substances a subject is allergic to. This is different from a skin allergy test , which determines allergy by the reaction of a person's skin to different substances. [ citation ne... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioallergosorbent_test |
Radioanalytical chemistry focuses on the analysis of sample for their radionuclide content. Various methods are employed to purify and identify the radioelement of interest through chemical methods and sample measurement techniques.
The field of radioanalytical chemistry was originally developed by Marie Curie with c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioanalytical_chemistry |
A radiobinding assay is a method of detecting and quantifying antibodies targeted toward a specific antigen . As such, it can be seen as the inverse of radioimmunoassay , which quantifies an antigen by use of corresponding antibodies.
The corresponding antigen is radiolabeled and mixed with the fluid that may contain ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiobinding_assay |
Radiobiology (also known as radiation biology , and uncommonly as actinobiology ) is a field of clinical and basic medical sciences that involves the study of the effects of radiation on living tissue [ 1 ] (including ionizing and non-ionizing radiation ), [ 2 ] [ 3 ] in particular health effects of radiation .
Ionizi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiobiology |
Radiocarbon is a scientific journal devoted to the topic of radiocarbon dating .
It was founded in 1959 as a supplement to the American Journal of Science , and is an important source of data and information about radiocarbon dating. It publishes many radiocarbon results, and since 1979 it has published the proceedin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiocarbon_(journal) |
Radiochemistry is the chemistry of radioactive materials, where radioactive isotopes of elements are used to study the properties and chemical reactions of non-radioactive isotopes (often within radiochemistry the absence of radioactivity leads to a substance being described as being inactive as the isotopes are stable... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiochemistry |
Radiocom 2000 was a French mobile telephone network launched in 1985, which gradually replaced the earlier analogue " public correspondence " network. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] It was deployed by France Télécom Mobiles. It is classified in the category of first generation mobile networks ( 1G ).
The network covered alm... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiocom_2000 |
In geometry , a radiodrome is a specific type of pursuit curve : the path traced by a point that continuously moves toward a target traveling in a straight line at constant speed. The term comes from the Latin radius (ray or spoke) and the Greek dromos (running or racetrack), reflecting the radial nature of the motion.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiodrome |
Radioecology is the branch of ecology concerning the presence of radioactivity in Earth’s ecosystems. Investigations in radioecology include field sampling, experimental field and laboratory procedures, and the development of environmentally predictive simulation models in an attempt to understand the migration methods... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioecology |
Radiofacsimile , radiofax or HF fax is an analogue mode for transmitting grayscale images via high frequency (HF) radio waves . It was the predecessor to slow-scan television (SSTV). It was the primary method of sending photographs from remote sites (especially islands) from the 1930s to the early 1970s. It is still in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiofax |
Radiofrequency Echographic Multi Spectrometry (REMS) is a non-ionizing technology for osteoporosis diagnosis and for fracture risk assessment. REMS processes the raw, unfiltered ultrasound signals acquired during an echographic scan of the axial sites, femur and spine . The analysis is performed in the frequency domain... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiofrequency_Echographic_Multi_Spectrometry |
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