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A radiogenic nuclide is a nuclide that is produced by a process of radioactive decay . It may itself be radioactive (a radionuclide ) or stable (a stable nuclide ).
Radiogenic nuclides (more commonly referred to as radiogenic isotopes ) form some of the most important tools in geology. They are used in two principal w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiogenic_nuclide |
In British English , a radiogram is a piece of furniture that combined a radio and record player . [ 1 ] The word radiogram is a portmanteau of radio and gramophone . [ 2 ] The corresponding term in American English is console .
Radiograms reached their peak of popularity in the post-war era, supported by a rapidly gr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiogram_(device) |
A radioimmunoassay ( RIA ) is an immunoassay that uses radiolabeled molecules in a stepwise formation of immune complexes . A RIA is a very sensitive in vitro assay technique used to measure concentrations of substances, usually measuring antigen concentrations (for example, hormone levels in blood ) by use of antibodi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioimmunoassay |
Radioimmunoprecipitation assay buffer (RIPA buffer) is a lysis buffer used to lyse cells and tissue for the radio immunoprecipitation assay (RIPA). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] This buffer is more denaturing than NP-40 or Triton X-100 because it contains the ionic detergents SDS and sodium deoxycholate as active constituents and is par... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioimmunoprecipitation_assay_buffer |
A radioligand is a microscopic particle which consists of a therapeutic radioactive isotope and the cell-targeting compound - the ligand. The ligand is the target binding site, it may be on the surface of the targeted cancer cell for therapeutic purposes. Radioisotopes can occur naturally or be synthesized and produced... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioligand |
The Radiological Response and Emergency Management System (RREMS) is a system managed by the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero and used by the Government of the United Kingdom [ 1 ] which records and analyses the level of radioactivity across the United Kingdom. A reading is taken from each of the over 200 st... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiological_Response_and_Emergency_Management_System |
A radiological information system ( RIS ) [ 1 ] is the core system for the electronic management of medical imaging departments. The major functions of the RIS can include patient scheduling, resource management , examination performance tracking, reporting, results distribution, and procedure billing. [ 2 ] RIS comple... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiological_information_system |
Radiological warfare is any form of warfare involving deliberate radiation poisoning or contamination of an area with radioisotopes .
Nuclear warfare , both via fission and fusion weapons , creates radioisotopes in the form of fission products and neutron-activated surface material. This fallout is incorporated into m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiological_warfare |
Radioluminescence is the phenomenon by which light is produced in a material by bombardment with ionizing radiation such as alpha particles , beta particles , or gamma rays . Radioluminescence is used as a low level light source for night illumination of instruments or signage. Radioluminescent paint is occasionally ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioluminescence |
Radiolysis is the dissociation of molecules by ionizing radiation . It is the cleavage of one or several chemical bonds resulting from exposure to high- energy flux . The radiation in this context is associated with ionizing radiation ; radiolysis is therefore distinguished from, for example, photolysis of the Cl 2 mol... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiolysis |
Radiometry is a set of techniques for measuring electromagnetic radiation , including visible light . Radiometric techniques in optics characterize the distribution of the radiation's power in space, as opposed to photometric techniques, which characterize the light's interaction with the human eye. The fundamental dif... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiometry |
A radionuclide ( radioactive nuclide , radioisotope or radioactive isotope ) is a nuclide that has excess numbers of either neutrons or protons , giving it excess nuclear energy, and making it unstable. This excess energy can be used in one of three ways: emitted from the nucleus as gamma radiation ; transferred to one... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radionuclide |
Radiopharmaceuticals , or medicinal radiocompounds , are a group of pharmaceutical drugs containing radioactive isotopes . Radiopharmaceuticals can be used as diagnostic and therapeutic agents. Radiopharmaceuticals emit radiation themselves, which is different from contrast media which absorb or alter external electrom... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiopharmaceutical |
Radiopharmacology is radiochemistry applied to medicine and thus the pharmacology of radiopharmaceuticals ( medicinal radiocompounds , that is, pharmaceutical drugs that are radioactive ). Radiopharmaceuticals are used in the field of nuclear medicine as radioactive tracers in medical imaging and in therapy for many di... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiopharmacology |
Radioresistance is the level of ionizing radiation that organisms are able to withstand.
Ionizing-radiation-resistant organisms (IRRO) were defined as organisms for which the dose of acute ionizing radiation (IR) required to achieve 90% reduction (D10) is greater than 1,000 gray (Gy) [ 1 ]
Radioresistance is surprisi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioresistance |
Radiosensitivity is the relative susceptibility of cells, tissues, organs or organisms to the harmful effect of ionizing radiation .
Cells are least sensitive when in the S phase , then the G 1 phase , then the G 2 phase , and most sensitive in the M phase of the cell cycle . This is described by the 'law of Bergonié ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiosensitivity |
In radiometry , radiosity is the radiant flux leaving (emitted, reflected and transmitted by) a surface per unit area, and spectral radiosity is the radiosity of a surface per unit frequency or wavelength , depending on whether the spectrum is taken as a function of frequency or of wavelength. [ 1 ] The SI unit of radi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiosity_(radiometry) |
A radiosonde is a battery-powered telemetry instrument carried into the atmosphere usually by a weather balloon that measures various atmospheric parameters and transmits them by radio to a ground receiver. Modern radiosondes measure or calculate the following variables: altitude , pressure , temperature , relative hum... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiosonde |
Radiosurgery is surgery using radiation , [ 1 ] that is, the destruction of precisely selected areas of tissue using ionizing radiation rather than excision with a blade. Like other forms of radiation therapy (also called radiotherapy), it is usually used to treat cancer . Radiosurgery was originally defined by the Swe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiosurgery |
Radiosynthesis is a fully automated synthesis method in which radioactive compounds are produced. [ 1 ] Radiosynthesis is generally carried out by several nuclear interface modules , which are protected by the lead shielding and controlled by a computer semi-automatically. The set-ups of modules are different dependin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiosynthesis |
Radiosynthesis is the theorized capture and metabolism , by living organisms, of energy from ionizing radiation , analogously to photosynthesis . Metabolism of ionizing radiation was theorized as early as 1956 by the Russian microbiologist S. I. Kuznetsov . [ 1 ]
Beginning in the 1990s, researchers at the Chernobyl Nu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiosynthesis_(metabolism) |
Radiotrophic fungi are fungi that can perform the hypothetical biological process called radiosynthesis , which means using ionizing radiation as an energy source to drive metabolism. It has been claimed that radiotrophic fungi have been found in extreme environments such as in the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant .
Most... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiotrophic_fungus |
The Radium Dial Company was one of a few now defunct United States companies, along with the United States Radium Corporation , involved in the painting of clocks, watches and other instrument dials using radioluminescent paint containing radium . The resulting dials are now collectively known as radium dials . The lum... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radium_Dial_Company |
Radium and radon are important contributors to environmental radioactivity . Radon occurs naturally as a result of decay of radioactive elements in soil and it can accumulate in houses built on areas where such decay occurs. Radon is a major cause of cancer; it is estimated to contribute to ~2% of all cancer related de... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radium_and_radon_in_the_environment |
Radium bromide is the bromide salt of radium , with the formula RaBr 2 . It is produced during the process of separating radium from uranium ore . This inorganic compound was discovered by Pierre and Marie Curie in 1898, and the discovery sparked a huge interest in radiochemistry and radiotherapy . Since elemental radi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radium_bromide |
Radium chlorate is an inorganic compound with formula Ra(ClO 3 ) 2 . [ 1 ]
While pure radium chlorate has never been prepared, [ 1 ] it is known to form coprecipitates using barium chlorate as a carrier. [ 2 ] These react with excess ammoniacal ammonium carbonate to form a mixed precipitate of radium carbonate with ba... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radium_chlorate |
Radium dials are watch , clock and other instrument dials painted with luminous paint containing radium-226 to produce radioluminescence . Radium dials were produced throughout most of the 20th century before being replaced by safer tritium -based luminous material in the 1970s and finally by non-toxic, non-radioactive... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radium_dial |
In differential geometry , the radius of curvature , R , is the reciprocal of the curvature . For a curve , it equals the radius of the circular arc which best approximates the curve at that point. For surfaces , the radius of curvature is the radius of a circle that best fits a normal section or combinations thereof. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius_of_curvature |
The radius of gyration or gyradius of a body about the axis of rotation is defined as the radial distance to a point which would have a moment of inertia the same as the body's actual distribution of mass, if the total mass of the body were concentrated there. The radius of gyration has dimensions of distance [L] or [M... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius_of_gyration |
A decimal separator is a symbol that separates the integer part from the fractional part of a number written in decimal form. Different countries officially designate different symbols for use as the separator. The choice of symbol can also affect the choice of symbol for the thousands separator used in digit grouping.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radix_point |
Rado's theorem is a theorem from the branch of mathematics known as Ramsey theory . It is named for the German mathematician Richard Rado . It was proved in his thesis, Studien zur Kombinatorik .
Let A x = 0 {\displaystyle A\mathbf {x} =\mathbf {0} } be a system of linear equations, where A {\displaystyle A} is a mat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rado's_theorem_(Ramsey_theory) |
Radon is a chemical element ; it has symbol Rn and atomic number 86. It is a radioactive noble gas and is colorless and odorless. Of the three naturally occurring radon isotopes , only 222 Rn has a sufficiently long half-life (3.825 days) for it to be released from the soil and rock where it is generated. Radon isotope... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radon |
Radon hexafluoride is a binary chemical compound of radon and fluorine with the chemical formula RnF 6 . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] This is still a hypothetical compound that has not been synthesized so far.
The compound is calculated to be less stable than radon difluoride . Radon hexafluoride is expected to have an octahedra... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radon_hexafluoride |
Radon mitigation is any process used to reduce radon gas concentrations in the breathing zones of occupied buildings, or radon from water supplies. Radon is a significant contributor to environmental radioactivity and indoor air pollution . Exposure to radon can cause serious health problems such as lung cancer . [ 1 ]... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radon_mitigation |
In mathematics , the Radon–Nikodym theorem is a result in measure theory that expresses the relationship between two measures defined on the same measurable space . A measure is a set function that assigns a consistent magnitude to the measurable subsets of a measurable space. Examples of a measure include area and vol... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radon–Nikodym_theorem |
Retinoic acid early inducible 1 (RAE-1) family of murine cell surface glycoproteins is composed of at least five members (RAE-1α-ε). [ 1 ] Genes encoding these proteins are located on mouse chromosome 10. [ 1 ] RAE-1 proteins are related to MHC class I , they are made up of external α1α2 domain which is linked to the c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rae-1_family |
The Raether limit is the physical limiting value of the multiplication factor ( M ) or gas gain in an ionization avalanche process ( Townsend avalanche ).
Even though, theoretically, it seems as if M can increase without limit (exponentially), physically, it is limited to about M < 10 8 or α x < 20 (where α is the fir... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raether_limit |
Rafael Artzy ( Hebrew : רפאל ארצי ; 23 July 1912 – 22 August 2006) was an Israeli mathematician specializing in geometry .
Artzy was born July 23, 1912, in Königsberg , Germany . His father was Edward I. Deutschlander and his mother Ida Freudenheim. Rafael studied at Königsberg University from 1930 to 1933. He transfe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafael_Artzy |
Rafael Bombelli ( baptised on 20 January 1526; died 1572) [ a ] [ 1 ] [ 2 ] was an Italian mathematician . Born in Bologna , he is the author of a treatise on algebra and is a central figure in the understanding of imaginary numbers .
He was the one who finally managed to address the problem with imaginary numbers. In... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafael_Bombelli |
Rafael Moure-Eraso (born May 2, 1946) is a former chairman and chief executive of the U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (CSB).
Moure-Eraso was born in Cali , Colombia , in 1946. He grew up in Bogotá where he was educated by Augustinian friars and at the University of Los Andes . [ 2 ]
He received hi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafael_Moure-Eraso |
In chemical separation terminology, the raffinate (from French raffiner , to refine) is a product which has had a component or components removed. The product having the removed materials is referred to as the extract . For example, in solvent extraction , the raffinate is the liquid stream which remains after solutes ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raffinate |
A rafter is one of a series of sloped structural members such as steel beams that extend from the ridge or hip to the wall plate , downslope perimeter or eave , and that are designed to support the roof shingles , roof deck, roof covering and its associated loads. [ 2 ] A pair of rafters is called a couple . In home co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafter |
The Ragulator-Rag complex is a regulator of lysosomal signalling and trafficking in eukaryotic cells, which plays an important role in regulating cell metabolism and growth in response to nutrient availability in the cell. [ 1 ] The Ragulator-Rag Complex is composed of five LAMTOR subunits, which work to regulate MAPK ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragulator-Rag_complex |
Raikov’s theorem, named for Russian mathematician Dmitrii Abramovich Raikov , is a result in probability theory . It is well known that if each of two independent random variables ξ 1 and ξ 2 has a Poisson distribution , then their sum ξ=ξ 1 +ξ 2 has a Poisson distribution as well. It turns out that the converse is als... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raikov's_theorem |
Railveyor is a remote controlled, electrically powered light-rail haulage solution for surface and underground applications in the mining and aggregate industries. Railveyor Technologies Global Inc. is a private Sudbury, Canada -based industrial bulk material handling and material haulage company that manufactures and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail-Veyor |
RITES Ltd , formerly known as Rail India Technical and Economic Service Limited , is an Indian public sector undertaking and engineering consultancy corporation, specializing in the field of transport infrastructure . Established in 1974 by the Indian Railways , the company's initial charter was to provide consultancy ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_India_Technical_and_Economic_Service |
Rail directions are used to describe train directions on rail systems. The terms used may be derived from such sources as compass directions, altitude directions, or other directions. These directions are often specific to system, country, or region.
Many rail systems use the concept of a centre (usually a major city)... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_directions |
The Railway Preservation Society of Ireland (RPSI) is a railway preservation group founded in 1964 and operating throughout Ireland. Mainline steam train railtours are operated from Dublin , while short train rides are operated up and down the platform at Whitehead, County Antrim , and as of 2023, the group sometimes o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railway_Preservation_Society_of_Ireland |
Railway Technical Research Institute ( 鉄道総合技術研究所 , Tetsudō Sōgō Gijutsu Kenkyūsho ) , or RTRI ( 鉄道総研 , Tetsudō Sōken ) , is the technical research company under the Japan Railways group of companies.
RTRI was established in its current form in 1986 just before Japanese National Railways (JNR) was privatised and split ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railway_Technical_Research_Institute |
A train accident or train wreck is a type of disaster involving one or more trains . Train wrecks often occur as a result of miscommunication , as when a moving train meets another train on the same track, when the wheels of train come off the track or when a boiler explosion occurs. Train accidents have often been wid... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railway_accident |
Railway costing is the calculation of the variable and fixed costs of rail movements. Variable costs are those that increase or decrease with changes in the traffic volumes or service levels and include fuel, maintenance and train crew costs, for example. Fixed costs are normally associated with items such as head offi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railway_costing |
Railway engineering is a multi-faceted engineering discipline dealing with the design, construction and operation of all types of rail transport systems. It encompasses a wide range of engineering disciplines, including civil engineering , computer engineering , electrical engineering , mechanical engineering , industr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railway_engineering |
Railway spine was a nineteenth-century diagnosis for the post-traumatic symptoms of passengers involved in railroad accidents .
The first full-length medical study of the condition was John Eric Erichsen 's classic book, On Railway and Other Injuries of the Nervous System . [ 1 ] For this reason, railway spine is ofte... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railway_spine |
Railway troops are soldiers who are also railway engineers . They build, repair, operate or destroy militarily relevant railway lines and their associated infrastructure.
The establishment of railway troops by the great powers followed the emergence, rapid growth and rising importance of the railway network, when the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railway_troops |
The railway network of Sardinia includes lines that develop for a total of about 1,038 km in length, of which 430 km [ 1 ] with an ordinary gauge and about 608 km [ 2 ] narrow gauge (950 mm ), with an average density of 43 m of rail per km 2 , a figure that drops to 25 m/km 2 considering only public transport lines.
R... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railways_in_Sardinia |
Railworthiness [ 1 ] [ 2 ] is the property or ability of a locomotive , passenger car , freight car , train or any kind of railway vehicle to be in proper operating condition or to meet acceptable safety standards of project , manufacturing , maintenance and railway use for transportation of persons, luggage or cargo .... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railworthiness |
Rain Without Thunder: The Ideology of the Animal Rights Movement is a 1996 book by American legal scholar Gary L. Francione . The basic premise of the book is that there is a fundamental difference between those that call for animal welfare reform and those that call for the complete abolition of animal use (called ' w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rain_Without_Thunder_(book) |
Rain gardens , also called bioretention facilities , are one of a variety of practices designed to increase rain runoff reabsorption by the soil. They can also be used to treat polluted stormwater runoff . Rain gardens are designed landscape sites that reduce the flow rate, total quantity, and pollutant load of runoff ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rain_garden |
A rain shadow is an area of significantly reduced rainfall behind a mountainous region, on the side facing away from prevailing winds , known as its leeward side.
Evaporated moisture from bodies of water (such as oceans and large lakes ) is carried by the prevailing onshore breezes towards the drier and hotter inland ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rain_shadow |
Rainbow Loom is a plastic tool used to weave colourful rubber and plastic bands (called loom bands ) into decorative items such as bracelets and charms. It was invented in 2010 by Cheong Choon Ng in Novi, Michigan . [ 1 ]
The Rainbow Loom is a plastic pegboard measuring 2 inches (51 mm) by 8 inches (200 mm). [ 2 ] It ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow_Loom |
Rainer Marutzky ( Halle , 1947) [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] is a German wood scientist , who is emeritus professor of wood chemistry at the Technical University of Braunschweig and former director of the Fraunhofer Institute for Wood Research, Wilhelm Klauditz Institute (WKI) in Braunschweig , Germany .
He was born on 11 August... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainer_Marutzky |
Rainer Waser (born 16 September 1955, in Frankfurt ) [ 1 ] is a German professor of Electrical Engineering [ 2 ] at RWTH Aachen University . He is also director of the section Electronic Materials at the Peter Grünberg Institute which is located on the campus of Jülich Research Center ( Forschungszentrum Jülich ). His ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainer_Waser |
The rainflow-counting algorithm is used in calculating the fatigue life of a component in order to convert a loading sequence of varying stress into a set of constant amplitude stress reversals with equivalent fatigue damage. The method successively extracts the smaller interruption cycles from a sequence, which models... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainflow-counting_algorithm |
A rainout is the process of precipitation causing the removal of radioactive particles from the atmosphere onto the ground, [ 1 ] creating nuclear fallout by rain. The rainclouds of the rainout are often formed by the particles of a nuclear explosion itself and because of this, the decontamination of rainout is more di... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainout_(radioactivity) |
A rainscreen is an exterior wall detail where the siding (wall cladding) stands off from the moisture - resistant surface of an air/water barrier applied to the sheathing to create a capillary break and to allow drainage and evaporation. The rainscreen is the cladding or siding itself [ 1 ] but the term rainscreen impl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainscreen |
In mathematics, the Rainville polynomials p n ( z ) are polynomials introduced by Rainville (1945) given by the generating function
Boas & Buck (1958 , p.46).
This polynomial -related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainville_polynomials |
Rainwater management is a series of countermeasures to reduce runoff volume and improve water quality by replicating the natural hydrology and water balance of a site, with consideration of rainwater harvesting , urban flood management and rainwater runoff pollution control.
The continuous growth of human populations ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainwater_management |
A raise borer is a machine used in underground mining , to excavate a circular hole between two levels of a mine without the use of explosives .
The raise borer is set up on the upper level of the two levels to be connected, on an evenly laid platform (typically a concrete pad). A small-diameter hole ( pilot hole ) is... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raise_borer |
Raised bogs , also called ombrotrophic bogs , are acidic, wet habitats that are poor in mineral salts and are home to flora and fauna that can cope with such extreme conditions. Raised bogs, unlike fens , are exclusively fed by precipitation ( ombrotrophy ) and from mineral salts introduced from the air. They thus repr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raised_bog |
During the 1850s and 1860s, engineers carried out a piecemeal raising of the grade of central Chicago to lift the city out of its low-lying swampy ground. Buildings and sidewalks were physically raised on jackscrews . The work was funded by private property owners and public funds.
During the 19th century, the elevati... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raising_of_Chicago |
Raj Chandra Bose (or Basu) (19 June 1901 – 31 October 1987) was an Indian American mathematician and statistician best known for his work in design theory , finite geometry and the theory of error-correcting codes in which the class of BCH codes is partly named after him. He also invented the notions of partial geometr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raj_Chandra_Bose |
Rake describes the angle made by a sloped surface with respect to a horizontal or vertical reference. The usages of this term include: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rake_(angle) |
Ralava Beboarimisa (born 1977) is a Malagasy politician . He was Minister of Environment, Ecology, Sea, and Forest from 2015 to 2016. He was then Ministry of Transport and Meteorology of Madagascar from 2017 to 2019, firstly during two Governments of Jean Ravelonarivo and Olivier Solonandrasana , and then during transi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralava_Beboarimisa |
Raleigh plots , or Rayleigh plots (also called circlegrams [ 1 ] and closely related to circular histograms, [ 2 ] phasor diagrams, [ 3 ] and wind roses [ 4 ] ), are statistical graphics that serve as graphical representations for a Raleigh test that map a mean vector to a circular plot. Raleigh plots have many applica... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raleigh_plot |
Ralf Brown's Interrupt List (aka RBIL , x86 Interrupt List , MS-DOS Interrupt List or INTER ) is a comprehensive list of interrupts , calls , hooks , interfaces , data structures , CMOS settings , memory and port addresses, as well as processor opcodes for x86 machines from the 1981 IBM PC up to 2000 (including many cl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralf_Brown's_Interrupt_List |
Ralf Riedel (born 11 February 1956) is a German professor of Materials Science at the Technical University of Darmstadt (TU Darmstadt) in Germany. [ 1 ] He is known for his contributions to ceramics, polymer-derived ceramics (PDCs), and high-performance materials, which has advanced the understanding and application of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralf_Riedel |
Ralink Technology, Corp. is a Wi-Fi chipset manufacturer mainly known for their IEEE 802.11 ( Wireless LAN ) chipsets. Ralink was founded in 2001 in Cupertino, California , then moved its headquarters to Hsinchu , Taiwan . On 5 May 2011, Ralink was acquired by MediaTek .
Some of Ralink's 802.11n RT2800 chipsets have b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralink |
Raluca Ripan (27 June 1894 – 5 December 1972) was a Romanian chemist , and a titular member of the Romanian Academy . She wrote many treatises, especially in the field of analytical chemistry .
She was born in Iași , in the Moldavia region of Romania; her parents were Constantin and Smaranda Ripan, both originally fro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raluca_Ripan |
Ram Charan Mehrotra (16 February 1922 – 11 July 2004) was an Indian analytical and organometallic chemist, academic, educationist and the vice chancellor of the Universities of Delhi and Allahabad . [ 1 ] He was known for his studies on the chemical theory of indicators, alkoxides and carboxylates of many elements. [ 2... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram_Charan_Mehrotra |
Ram Prakash Bambah (born 17 September 1925) [ 1 ] [ 2 ] is an Indian mathematician working in number theory and discrete geometry .
Bambah earned a bachelor's degree from Government College University, Lahore , and a master's degree from the University of the Punjab, Lahore . [ 2 ] He then went to England for his doct... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram_Prakash_Bambah |
Ram pressure is a pressure exerted on a body moving through a fluid medium, caused by relative bulk motion of the fluid rather than random thermal motion. [ 1 ] It causes a drag force to be exerted on the body. Ram pressure is given in tensor form as
where ρ {\displaystyle \rho } is the density of the fluid; P ram {\d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram_pressure |
In biochemistry , a Ramachandran plot (also known as a Rama plot , a Ramachandran diagram or a [φ,ψ] plot ), originally developed in 1963 by G. N. Ramachandran , C. Ramakrishnan, and V. Sasisekharan , [ 1 ] is a way to visualize energetically allowed regions for backbone dihedral angles ( also called as torsional angle... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramachandran_plot |
Raman Laser Spectrometer ( RLS ) is a miniature Raman spectrometer that is part of the science payload on board the European Space Agency 's Rosalind Franklin rover , [ 2 ] tasked to search for biosignatures and biomarkers on Mars. The rover is planned to be launched not earlier than 2028 and land on Mars in 2029.
Ram... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raman_Laser_Spectrometer |
Raman Parimala (born 21 November 1948) [ 1 ] is an Indian mathematician known for her contributions to algebra . She is the Arts & Sciences Distinguished Professor of mathematics at Emory University . [ 2 ] For many years, she was a professor at Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Mumbai .
She was on the M... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raman_Parimala |
The Raman microscope is a laser-based microscopic device used to perform Raman spectroscopy . [ 1 ] The term MOLE (molecular optics laser examiner) is used to refer to the Raman-based microprobe. [ 1 ] The technique used is named after C. V. Raman , who discovered the scattering properties in liquids. [ 2 ]
The Raman ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raman_microscope |
Raman spectroelectrochemistry (Raman-SEC) is a technique that studies the inelastic scattering or Raman scattering of monochromatic light related to chemical compounds involved in an electrode process. This technique provides information about vibrational energy transitions of molecules, using a monochromatic light sou... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raman_spectroelectrochemistry |
In mathematics , Ramanujan's congruences are the congruences for the partition function p ( n ) discovered by Srinivasa Ramanujan :
In plain words, the first congruence means that if a number is 4 more than a multiple of 5, i.e. it is in the sequence
then the number of its partitions is a multiple of 5.
Later, other... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramanujan's_congruences |
In number theory , a Heegner number (as termed by Conway and Guy ) is a square-free positive integer d such that the imaginary quadratic field Q [ − d ] {\displaystyle \mathbb {Q} \left[{\sqrt {-d}}\right]} has class number 1. Equivalently, the ring of algebraic integers of Q [ − d ] {\displaystyle \mathbb {Q} \left[{\... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramanujan's_constant |
In number theory , Ramanujan's sum , usually denoted c q ( n ), is a function of two positive integer variables q and n defined by the formula
where ( a , q ) = 1 means that a only takes on values coprime to q .
Srinivasa Ramanujan mentioned the sums in a 1918 paper. [ 1 ] In addition to the expansions discussed in t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramanujan's_sum |
In number theory , a branch of mathematics , Ramanujan's ternary quadratic form is the algebraic expression x 2 + y 2 + 10 z 2 with integral values for x , y and z . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Srinivasa Ramanujan considered this expression in a footnote in a paper [ 3 ] published in 1916 and briefly discussed the representability of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramanujan's_ternary_quadratic_form |
In the mathematical field of spectral graph theory , a Ramanujan graph is a regular graph whose spectral gap is almost as large as possible (see extremal graph theory ). Such graphs are excellent spectral expanders . As Murty's survey paper [ 1 ] notes, Ramanujan graphs "fuse diverse branches of pure mathematics, namel... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramanujan_graph |
In number theory , the Ramanujan–Nagell equation is an equation between a square number and a number that is seven less than a power of two . It is an example of an exponential Diophantine equation , an equation to be solved in integers where one of the variables appears as an exponent .
The equation is named after Sr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramanujan–Nagell_equation |
In mathematics , a Ramanujan–Sato series [ 1 ] [ 2 ] generalizes Ramanujan 's pi formulas such as,
to the form
by using other well-defined sequences of integers s ( k ) {\displaystyle s(k)} obeying a certain recurrence relation , sequences which may be expressed in terms of binomial coefficients ( n k ) {\displaystyl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramanujan–Sato_series |
In mathematics , the Ramanujan–Soldner constant (also called the Soldner constant ) is a mathematical constant defined as the unique positive zero of the logarithmic integral function . It is named after Srinivasa Ramanujan and Johann Georg von Soldner .
Its value is approximately μ ≈ 1.4513692348833810502839684858920... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramanujan–Soldner_constant |
The Ramberg–Bäcklund reaction is an organic reaction converting an α-halo sulfone into an alkene in presence of a base with extrusion of sulfur dioxide . [1] The reaction is named after the two Swedish chemists Ludwig Ramberg and Birger Bäcklund. The carbanion formed by deprotonation gives an unstable episulfone that d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramberg–Bäcklund_reaction |
The Ramberg–Osgood equation was created to describe the nonlinear relationship between stress and strain —that is, the stress–strain curve —in materials near their yield points . It is especially applicable to metals that harden with plastic deformation (see work hardening ), showing a smooth elastic-plastic transition... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramberg–Osgood_relationship |
Ramboll Studio Dreiseitl Was one of the leading landscape architecture practices of Germany [ 1 ] specialising in the integration of art , urban hydrology, environmental engineering , and landscape architecture within an urban context. [ 2 ] The practise was founded in 1980 by the German landscape architect Herbert Dre... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramboll_Studio_Dreiseitl |
Ramesh Jasti is a professor of organic chemistry at the University of Oregon . He was the first person to synthesize the elusive cycloparaphenylene in 2008 [ 1 ] during post doctoral work in the laboratory of Professor Carolyn Bertozzi . He started his laboratory at Boston University where he was the recipient of the N... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramesh_Jasti |
The Ramesside star clocks are ancient Egyptian star clocks appearing on the ceilings of several royal tombs of the Ramesside period . Two sets of star clocks appear on the tomb Ramesses VII and Ramesses IX . [ 1 ] Although all of the sets are corrupt to some degree, a prototype clock can be reconstructed from them. [ 1... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramesside_star_clocks |
A ramicolous lichen is one that lives on branches . [ 1 ]
This article about lichens or lichenology is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramicolous_lichen |
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