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In mathematics , a real structure on a complex vector space is a way to decompose the complex vector space in the direct sum of two real vector spaces. The prototype of such a structure is the field of complex numbers itself, considered as a complex vector space over itself and with the conjugation map σ : C → C {\disp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reality_structure |
In mathematical logic , realizability is a collection of methods in proof theory used to study constructive proofs and extract additional information from them. [ 1 ] Formulas from a formal theory are "realized" by objects, known as "realizers", in a way that knowledge of the realizer gives knowledge about the truth of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realizability |
In probability and statistics , a realization , observation , or observed value , of a random variable is the value that is actually observed (what actually happened). The random variable itself is the process dictating how the observation comes about. Statistical quantities computed from realizations without deploying... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realization_(probability) |
Realized niche width is a phrase relating to ecology , is defined by the actual space that an organism inhabits and the resources it can access as a result of limiting pressures from other species (e.g. superior competitors). An organism's ecological niche is determined by the biotic and abiotic factors that make up th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realized_niche_width |
Realizing Increased Photosynthetic Efficiency (RIPE) is a translational research project that is genetically engineering plants to photosynthesize more efficiently to increase crop yields. [ 1 ] RIPE aims to increase agricultural production worldwide, particularly to help reduce hunger and poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realizing_Increased_Photosynthetic_Efficiency |
A rear-end collision , often called rear-ending or, in the UK, a shunt , occurs when a forward-moving vehicle crashes into the back of another vehicle (often stationary) in front of it. Similarly, rear-end rail collisions occur when a train runs into the end of a preceding train on the same track . [ 1 ] Common factors... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rear-end_collision |
The Rear Admiral William S. Parsons Award for Scientific and Technical Progress is awarded each year by the Navy League of the United States to a Navy or Marine Corps officer, enlisted person or civilian, who has made an outstanding contribution in any field of science that has furthered the development and progress of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rear_Admiral_William_S._Parsons_Award |
In mathematics , the rearrangement inequality [ 1 ] states that for every choice of real numbers x 1 ≤ ⋯ ≤ x n and y 1 ≤ ⋯ ≤ y n {\displaystyle x_{1}\leq \cdots \leq x_{n}\quad {\text{ and }}\quad y_{1}\leq \cdots \leq y_{n}} and every permutation σ {\displaystyle \sigma } of the numbers 1 , 2 , … n {\displaystyle 1,2,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rearrangement_inequality |
Reason is the capacity of consciously applying logic by drawing valid conclusions from new or existing information , with the aim of seeking the truth . [ 1 ] It is associated with such characteristically human activities as philosophy , religion , science , language , mathematics , and art , and is normally considered... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reason |
In the most general terms, a reason is a consideration in an argument which justifies or explains an action, a belief , an attitude , or a fact . [ 1 ]
Normative reasons are what people appeal to when making arguments about what people should do or believe. For example, that a doctor's patient is grimacing is a reason... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reason_(argument) |
Beyond ( a ) reasonable doubt is a legal standard of proof required to validate a criminal conviction in most adversarial legal systems . [ 1 ] It is a higher standard of proof than the standard of balance of probabilities (US English: preponderance of the evidence) commonly used in civil cases , reflecting the princip... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reasonable_doubt |
In law, a reasonable person or reasonable man is a hypothetical person whose character and care conduct, under any common set of facts, is decided through reasoning of good practice or policy. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is a legal fiction [ 3 ] crafted by the courts and communicated through case law and jury instructions . [ 4 ] I... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reasonable_person |
Reasoning language models ( RLMs ) are large language models that have been further trained to solve multi-step reasoning tasks. [ 1 ] These models perform better on logical, mathematical or programmatic tasks than traditional autoregressive LLMs, have the ability to backtrack , and employ test-time compute as an addit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reasoning_language_model |
In information technology a reasoning system is a software system that generates conclusions from available knowledge using logical techniques such as deduction and induction . Reasoning systems play an important role in the implementation of artificial intelligence and knowledge-based systems .
By the everyday usage ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reasoning_system |
The method of reassignment is a technique for sharpening a time-frequency representation (e.g. spectrogram or the short-time Fourier transform ) by mapping the data to time-frequency coordinates that are nearer to the true region of support of the analyzed signal. The method has been independently introduced by several... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reassignment_method |
Reassortment is the mixing of the genetic material of a species into new combinations in different individuals. The product of reassortment is called a reassortant . It is particularly used when two similar viruses that are infecting the same cell exchange genetic material. More specifically, it refers to the swapping ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reassortment |
Reaxys is a web-based tool for the retrieval of information about chemical compounds and data from published literature, including journals and patents. The information includes chemical compounds, chemical reactions, chemical properties, related bibliographic data, substance data with synthesis planning information, a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaxys |
Reba Mithua Bandyopadhyay (born 1972) [ 1 ] is an American science policy analyst. Formerly a professional astronomer, she works as deputy executive director of the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology in the US Office of Science and Technology Policy , [ 2 ] and as legislative and science policy a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reba_Bandyopadhyay |
Rebar detailing is the discipline of preparing 'shop/placing' or 'fabrication' drawings or shop drawings of steel reinforcement for construction .
Engineers prepare 'design drawings' that develop required strengths by applying rebar size, spacing, location, anchoring details and lap and/or splicing of steel . The dept... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebar_detailing |
A rebar spacer is a short, rod-like device used to secure reinforcing steel bars, or rebar , within cast assemblies for reinforced concrete structures. The rebar spacers are fixed before the concrete is poured and remain within the structure.
The main categories of rebar spacers are:
Rebar spacers can be divided into... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebar_spacer |
Rebecca Abergel is a professor of nuclear engineering and of chemistry at University of California, Berkeley . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Abergel is also a senior faculty scientist in the chemical sciences division of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , where she directs the Glenn T. Seaborg Center and leads the Heavy Element Che... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebecca_Abergel |
The Rebis (from the Latin res bina , meaning dual or double matter) is the end product of the alchemical magnum opus or great work.
After one has gone through the stages of putrefaction and purification , separating opposing qualities, those qualities are united once more in what is sometimes described as the divine h... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebis |
Reboilers are heat exchangers typically used to provide heat to the bottom of industrial distillation columns. They boil the liquid from the bottom of a distillation column to generate vapors which are returned to the column to drive the distillation separation . The heat supplied to the column by the reboiler at the b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reboiler |
In computing , rebooting is the process by which a running computer system is restarted, either intentionally or unintentionally. Reboots can be either a cold reboot (alternatively known as a hard reboot ) in which the power to the system is physically turned off and back on again (causing an initial boot of the machi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reboot |
In materials science , hardness (antonym: softness ) is a measure of the resistance to localized plastic deformation , such as an indentation (over an area) or a scratch (linear), induced mechanically either by pressing or abrasion . In general, different materials differ in their hardness; for example hard metals such... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebound_hardness |
RecLOH is a term in genetics that is an abbreviation for " Recombinant Loss of Heterozygosity ".
This is a type of mutation which occurs with DNA by recombination . From a pair of equivalent ("homologous"), but slightly different ( heterozygous ) genes, a pair of identical genes results. In this case there is a non-re... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RecLOH |
RecQ helicase is a family of helicase enzymes initially found in Escherichia coli [ 1 ] that has been shown to be important in genome maintenance. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] They function through catalyzing the reaction ATP + H 2 O → ADP + P and thus driving the unwinding of paired DNA and translocating in the 3' to 5' directi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RecQ_helicase |
Recalescence is an increase in temperature that occurs while cooling metal when a change in structure with an increase in entropy occurs. The heat responsible for the change in temperature is due to the change in entropy. When a structure transformation occurs the Gibbs free energy of both structures are more or less t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recalescence |
The theory of recapitulation , also called the biogenetic law or embryological parallelism —often expressed using Ernst Haeckel 's phrase " ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny "—is a historical hypothesis that the development of the embryo of an animal, from fertilization to gestation or hatching ( ontogeny ), goes throu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recapitulation_theory |
In telecommunications , receive-after-transmit time delay is the time interval between (a) the instant of keying off the local transmitter to stop transmitting and (b) the instant the local receiver output has increased to 90% of its steady-state value in response to an RF signal from another transmitter.
The RF signa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receive-after-transmit_time_delay |
The receiver in information theory is the receiving end of a communication channel . It receives decoded messages / information from the sender, who first encoded them. [ 1 ] Sometimes the receiver is modeled so as to include the decoder. Real-world receivers like radio receivers or telephones can not be expected to re... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receiver_(information_theory) |
Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring ( RAIM ) is a technology developed to assess the integrity of individual signals collected and integrated by the receiver units employed in a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). The integrity of received signals and resulting correctness and precision of derived receiver ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receiver_autonomous_integrity_monitoring |
RCMAC stands for recent change memory administration center , sometimes mistakenly called recent change message accounting center , in late 20th century Bell System parlance, or recent change memory administration group (RCMAG). [ 1 ] It is an organization of people in a phone company which is responsible for programmi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recent_change_memory_administration_center |
In NMR spectroscopy , receptivity refers to the relative detectability of a particular element . Some elements are easily detected, some less so. The receptivity is a function of the abundance of the element's NMR-responsive isotope and that isotope's gyromagnetic ratio (or equivalently, the nuclear magnetic moment )... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receptivity_(NMR) |
Receptor-mediated endocytosis ( RME ), also called clathrin-mediated endocytosis , is a process by which cells absorb metabolites , hormones , proteins – and in some cases viruses – by the inward budding of the plasma membrane ( invagination ). This process forms vesicles containing the absorbed substances and is stric... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receptor-mediated_endocytosis |
In biochemistry and pharmacology , receptors are chemical structures, composed of protein , that receive and transduce signals that may be integrated into biological systems. [ 1 ] These signals are typically chemical messengers [ nb 1 ] which bind to a receptor and produce physiological responses , such as a change in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receptor_(biochemistry) |
A receptor activated solely by a synthetic ligand ( RASSL ) or designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drugs ( DREADD ), is a class of artificially engineered protein receptors used in the field of chemogenetics which are selectively activated by certain ligands . [ 1 ] They are used in biomedical research,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receptor_activated_solely_by_a_synthetic_ligand |
Receptor editing is a process that occurs during the maturation of B cells , which are part of the adaptive immune system. This process forms part of central tolerance to attempt to change the specificity of the antigen receptor of self reactive immature B-cells, in order to rescue them from programmed cell death, call... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receptor_editing |
A receptor modulator , or receptor ligand , is a general term for a substance, endogenous or exogenous, that binds to and regulates the activity of chemical receptors . They are ligands that can act on different parts of receptors and regulate activity in a positive, negative, or neutral direction with varying degrees ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receptor_modulator |
Receptor theory is the application of receptor models to explain drug behavior. [ 1 ] Pharmacological receptor models preceded accurate knowledge of receptors by many years. [ 2 ] John Newport Langley and Paul Ehrlich introduced the concept that receptors can mediate drug action at the beginning of the 20th century. Al... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receptor_theory |
In biochemistry , receptor–ligand kinetics is a branch of chemical kinetics in which the kinetic species are defined by different non-covalent bindings and/or conformations of the molecules involved, which are denoted as receptor(s) and ligand(s) . Receptor–ligand binding kinetics also involves the on- and off-rates of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receptor–ligand_kinetics |
Recessional velocity is the rate at which an extragalactic astronomical object recedes (becomes more distant) from an observer as a result of the expansion of the universe . [ 1 ] It can be measured by observing the wavelength shifts of spectral lines emitted by the object, known as the object's cosmological redshift .... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recessional_velocity |
Recipe Markup Language , formerly known as DESSERT ( Document Encoding and Structuring Specification for Electronic Recipe Transfer ), is an XML -based format for marking up recipes . The format was created in 2000 by the company FormatData.
The format provides detailed markup for defining ingredients, which facilitat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RecipeML |
The reciprocal Fibonacci constant ψ is the sum of the reciprocals of the Fibonacci numbers :
ψ = ∑ k = 1 ∞ 1 F k = 1 1 + 1 1 + 1 2 + 1 3 + 1 5 + 1 8 + 1 13 + 1 21 + ⋯ . {\displaystyle \psi =\sum _{k=1}^{\infty }{\frac {1}{F_{k}}}={\frac {1}{1}}+{\frac {1}{1}}+{\frac {1}{2}}+{\frac {1}{3}}+{\frac {1}{5}}+{\frac {1}{8}}... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocal_Fibonacci_constant |
In evolutionary biology , reciprocal altruism is a behaviour whereby an organism acts in a manner that temporarily reduces its fitness while increasing another organism's fitness, with the expectation that the other organism will act in a similar manner at a later time.
The concept was initially developed by Robert Tr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocal_altruism |
A reciprocal frame is a class of self-supporting structure made of three or more beams and which requires no center support to create roofs, bridges or similar structures.
Reciprocal roofs tend to be constructed in one of two ways. If built using dimensioned timber, each rafter is usually jointed into the previous one... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocal_frame |
Reciprocal lattice is a concept associated with solids with translational symmetry which plays a major role in many areas such as X-ray and electron diffraction as well as the energies of electrons in a solid. It emerges from the Fourier transform of the lattice associated with the arrangement of the atoms. The direct ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocal_lattice |
In algebra , given a polynomial
with coefficients from an arbitrary field , its reciprocal polynomial or reflected polynomial , [ 1 ] [ 2 ] denoted by p ∗ or p R , [ 2 ] [ 1 ] is the polynomial [ 3 ]
That is, the coefficients of p ∗ are the coefficients of p in reverse order. Reciprocal polynomials arise naturally in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocal_polynomial |
In calculus , the reciprocal rule gives the derivative of the reciprocal of a function f in terms of the derivative of f . The reciprocal rule can be used to show that the power rule holds for negative exponents if it has already been established for positive exponents. Also, one can readily deduce the quotient rule fr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocal_rule |
Reciprocal silencing , a genetic phenomenon that primarily occurs in plants, refers to the pattern of redundant genes being silenced following a polyploid event. Polyploidy (wholesale genome duplication) is common in plants and constitutes an important method of speciation. [ 1 ] When a polyploid species arises, its ge... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocal_silencing |
The reciprocating chemical muscle (RCM) is a mechanism that takes advantage of the superior energy density of chemical reactions . It is a regenerative device that converts chemical energy into motion through a direct noncombustive chemical reaction.
RCM is capable of generating autonomic wing beating from a chemical ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocating_Chemical_Muscle |
Reciprocating motion , also called reciprocation , is a repetitive up-and-down or back-and-forth linear motion . It is found in a wide range of mechanisms, including reciprocating engines and pumps . The two opposite motions that comprise a single reciprocation cycle are called strokes . [ citation needed ]
A crank ca... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocating_motion |
Reciprocity in linear systems is the principle that a response Rab , measured at a location (and direction if applicable) a , when the system has an excitation signal applied at a location (and direction if applicable) b , is exactly equal to Rba which is the response at location b , when that same excitation is applie... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocity_(engineering) |
Reciprocity in evolutionary biology refers to mechanisms whereby the evolution of cooperative or altruistic behaviour may be favoured by the probability of future mutual interactions. A corollary is how a desire for revenge can harm the collective and therefore be naturally selected against.
Three types of reciprocity... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocity_(evolution) |
Recirculating aquaculture systems ( RAS ) are used in home aquaria and for fish production where water exchange is limited and the use of biofiltration is required to reduce ammonia toxicity. [ 1 ] Other types of filtration and environmental control are often also necessary to maintain clean water and provide a suitabl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recirculating_aquaculture_system |
Reclaimed lumber is processed wood retrieved from its original application for purposes of subsequent use. Most reclaimed lumber comes from timbers and decking rescued from old barns , factories and warehouses, although some companies use wood from less traditional structures such as boxcars, coal mines and wine barrel... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reclaimed_lumber |
Water reclamation is the process of converting municipal wastewater or sewage and industrial wastewater into water that can be reused for a variety of purposes. It is also called wastewater reuse , water reuse or water recycling . There are many types of reuse. It is possible to reuse water in this way in cities or for... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reclaimed_water |
A reclaimer is a large machine used in bulk material handling applications. A reclaimer's function is to recover bulk material such as ores and cereals from a stockpile . A stacker is used to stack the material.
Reclaimers are volumetric machines and are rated in m 3 /h (cubic meters per hour) for capacity, which is ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reclaimer |
Recode (stylized as recode ; formerly Re/code ) [ 1 ] was a technology news website that focused on the business of Silicon Valley . Walt Mossberg and Kara Swisher founded it in January 2014, after they left Dow Jones and the similar website they had previously co-founded, All Things Digital . Vox Media acquired Recode... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recode |
RECODE is a database of "programmed" frameshifts , bypassing and codon redefinition used for gene expression . [ 1 ]
This Biological database -related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recode_(database) |
Recognition-primed decision ( RPD ) is a model of how people make quick, effective decisions when faced with complex situations. In this model, the decision maker is assumed to generate a possible course of action, compare it to the constraints imposed by the situation, and select the first course of action that is not... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recognition-primed_decision |
The recognition heuristic , originally termed the recognition principle, has been used as a model in the psychology of judgment and decision making and as a heuristic in artificial intelligence . The goal is to make inferences about a criterion that is not directly accessible to the decision maker, based on recognition... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recognition_heuristic |
A recognition sequence is a DNA sequence to which a structural motif of a DNA-binding domain exhibits binding specificity . Recognition sequences are palindromes . [ 1 ]
The transcription factor Sp1 for example, binds the sequences 5'-(G/T)GGGCGG(G/A)(G/A)(C/T)-3', where (G/T) indicates that the domain will bind a gua... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recognition_sequence |
A recognition signal is a signal whereby a person, a ship , an airplane or something else is recognized . They can be used during war or can be used to help the police recognize each other during undercover operations .
These signals are often used to recognize friends and enemies in a war. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] For military us... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recognition_signal |
Recoil is a rheological phenomenon observed only in non-Newtonian fluids that is characterized by a moving fluid's ability to snap back to a previous position when external forces are removed. Recoil is a result of the fluid's elasticity and memory where the speed and acceleration by which the fluid moves depends on th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recoil_(rheology) |
Recombinant adeno-associated virus ( rAAV ) based genome engineering is a genome editing platform centered on the use of recombinant AAV vectors that enables insertion, deletion or substitution of DNA sequences into the genomes of live mammalian cells. The technique builds on Mario Capecchi and Oliver Smithies ' Nobel ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recombinant_AAV_mediated_genome_engineering |
Recombinant DNA ( rDNA ) molecules are DNA molecules formed by laboratory methods of genetic recombination (such as molecular cloning ) that bring together genetic material from multiple sources, creating sequences that would not otherwise be found in the genome .
Recombinant DNA is the general name for a piece of DNA... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recombinant_DNA |
Recombinases are genetic recombination enzymes .
DNA recombinases are widely used in multicellular organisms to manipulate the structure of genomes , and to control gene expression . These enzymes, derived from bacteria ( bacteriophages ) and fungi , catalyze directionally sensitive DNA exchange reactions between shor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recombinase |
RMCE ( recombinase-mediated cassette exchange ) is a procedure in reverse genetics allowing the systematic, repeated modification of higher eukaryotic genomes by targeted integration, based on the features of site-specific recombination processes (SSRs). For RMCE, this is achieved by the clean exchange of a preexisting... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recombinase-mediated_cassette_exchange |
Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) is a single tube, isothermal alternative to the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). [ 1 ] By adding a reverse transcriptase enzyme to an RPA reaction, it can detect RNA as well as DNA , without the need for a separate step to produce cDNA . [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Because it is isother... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recombinase_polymerase_amplification |
Recombination hotspots are regions in a genome that exhibit elevated rates of recombination relative to a neutral expectation. The recombination rate within hotspots can be hundreds of times that of the surrounding region. [ 1 ] Recombination hotspots result from higher DNA break formation in these regions, and apply t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recombination_hotspot |
Recombineering (recombination-mediated genetic engineering) [ 1 ] is a genetic and molecular biology technique based on homologous recombination systems, as opposed to the older/more common method of using restriction enzymes and ligases to combine DNA sequences in a specified order. Recombineering is widely used for b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recombineering |
A recommended exposure limit ( REL ) is an occupational exposure limit that has been recommended by the United States National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health . [ 1 ] The REL is a level that NIOSH believes would be protective of worker safety and health over a working lifetime if used in combination with e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recommended_exposure_limit |
Recompose is a public benefit corporation founded by designer and death care advocate Katrina Spade in 2017, [ 1 ] building upon her 2014 non-profit organization Urban Death Project .
Recompose is a Washington state based company offering a death care service to convert human bodies into soil through a process known a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recompose |
Recon Instruments was a Canadian technology company that produced smartglasses and wearable displays marketed by the company as "heads-up displays" for sports. (However, none of Recon's products contained a transparent display element delivering actual see-through capability and can thus be considered heads-up displays... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recon_Instruments |
Reconciliation ecology is the branch of ecology which studies ways to encourage biodiversity in the human-dominated ecosystems of the anthropocene era. Michael Rosenzweig first articulated the concept in his book Win-Win Ecology , [ 2 ] based on the theory that there is not enough area for all of earth's biodiversity t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reconciliation_ecology |
Reconfigurability denotes the Reconfigurable Computing capability of a system, so that its behavior can be changed by reconfiguration, i. e. by loading different configware code. This static reconfigurability distinguishes between reconfiguration time and run time. Dynamic reconfigurability denotes the capability of a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reconfigurability |
A reconfigurable antenna is an antenna capable of modifying its frequency and radiation pattern dynamically, in a controlled and reversible manner. [ 2 ] In order to provide a dynamic response, reconfigurable antennas integrate an inner mechanism (such as RF switches , varactors , mechanical actuators or tunable materi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reconfigurable_antenna |
A reconfigurable manufacturing system ( RMS ) is a system invented in 1998 that is designed for the outset of rapid change in its structure, as well as its hardware and software components, in order to quickly adjust its production capacity and functionality within a part family in response to sudden market changes or ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reconfigurable_manufacturing_system |
Reconstruction of attosecond beating by interference of two-photon transitions , more commonly known as RABBITT or RABBIT for short, is a widely used technique for obtaining the relative phase and amplitude of attosecond pulses. This technique involves the interference of two-photon interband transitions in solids. It ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reconstruction_of_attosecond_beating_by_interference_of_two-photon_transitions |
A record press or stamper is a machine for manufacturing vinyl records . It is essentially a hydraulic press fitted with thin nickel stampers which are negative impressions of a master disc. [ 1 ] Labels and a pre-heated vinyl patty (or biscuit ) are placed in a heated mold cavity. Two stampers are used, one for each o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Record_press |
In music production , the recording studio is often treated as a musical instrument when it plays a significant role in the composition of music . Sometimes called "playing the studio", the approach is typically embodied by artists or producers who favor the creative use of studio technology in record production, as op... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recording_studio_as_an_instrument |
In metallurgy , recovery is a process by which a metal or alloy 's deformed grains can reduce their stored energy by the removal or rearrangement of defects in their crystal structure . These defects, primarily dislocations , are introduced by plastic deformation of the material and act to increase the yield strength o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recovery_(metallurgy) |
Recovery boiler is the part of kraft process of pulping where chemicals for white liquor are recovered and reformed from black liquor , which contains lignin from previously processed wood. The black liquor is burned, generating heat, which is usually used in the process of making electricity, much as in a conventional... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recovery_boiler |
The recovery effect is a phenomenon observed in battery usage where the available energy is less than the difference between energy charged and energy consumed. Intuitively, this is because the energy has been consumed from the edge of the battery and the charge has not yet diffused evenly around the battery. [ 1 ]
Wh... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recovery_effect |
Recreation ecology is the scientific study of environmental impacts resulting from recreational activity in protected natural areas. This field of study includes research and monitoring assessments of biophysical changes, analyses to identify causal and influential factors or support carrying capacity planning and mana... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recreation_ecology |
Recreational mathematics is mathematics carried out for recreation (entertainment) rather than as a strictly research-and-application-based professional activity or as a part of a student's formal education. Although it is not necessarily limited to being an endeavor for amateurs , many topics in this field require no ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recreational_mathematics |
When discussing population dynamics , behavioral ecology , and cell biology , recruitment refers to several different biological processes. In population dynamics, recruitment is the process by which new individuals are added to a population, whether by birth and maturation or by immigration. [ 1 ] When discussing beha... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recruitment_(biology) |
Recrystallization is a broad class of chemical purification techniques characterized by the dissolution of an impure sample in a solvent or solvent mixture , followed by some change in conditions that encourages the formation of pure isolate as solid crystals . [ 1 ] Recrystallization as a purification technique is dri... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recrystallization_(chemistry) |
In geology , solid-state recrystallization is a metamorphic process that occurs under high temperatures and pressures where atoms of minerals are reorganized by diffusion and/or dislocation glide. During this process, the physical structure of the minerals is altered while the composition remains unchanged. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recrystallization_(geology) |
In materials science , recrystallization is a process by which deformed grains are replaced by a new set of defect -free grains that nucleate and grow until the original grains have been entirely consumed. Recrystallization is usually accompanied by a reduction in the strength and hardness of a material and a simultane... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recrystallization_(metallurgy) |
The rectangulus was an astronomical instrument made by Richard of Wallingford around 1326. Dissatisfied with the limitations of existing astrolabes , Richard developed the rectangulus as an instrument for spherical trigonometry and to measure the angles between planets and other astronomical bodies. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] This wa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectangulus |
Rectisol is the trade name for an acid gas removal process that uses methanol as a solvent to separate acid gases such as hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide from valuable feed gas streams. [ 1 ] By doing so, the feed gas is made more suitable for combustion and/or further processing. Rectisol is used most often to tre... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectisol |
The rectoanal inhibitory reflex ( RAIR ), also known as the anal sampling mechanism , anal sampling reflex , rectosphincteric reflex , or anorectal sampling reflex , is a reflex characterized by a transient involuntary relaxation of the internal anal sphincter in response to distention of the rectum . [ 1 ] The RAIR pr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectoanal_inhibitory_reflex |
A recuperative multi-tube cooler is a rotary drum cooler used for continuous processes in chemical engineering .
Recuperative multi-tube coolers essentially exist of a turning rotor which is mostly driven via chain. At the ends of the rotor are stiff cases for product feed and outlet. The rotor is supported on running... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recuperative_multi-tube_cooler |
A recuperator (electro- end carbogidro-) - is a special purpose counter-flow energy recovery heat exchanger positioned within the supply and exhaust air streams of an air handling system, or in the exhaust gases of an industrial process, in order to recover the waste heat . Generally, they are used to extract heat from... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recuperator |
Recurrence period density entropy ( RPDE ) is a method, in the fields of dynamical systems , stochastic processes , and time series analysis , for determining the periodicity, or repetitiveness of a signal.
Recurrence period density entropy is useful for characterising the extent to which a time series repeats the sam... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recurrence_period_density_entropy |
Recurrence quantification analysis ( RQA ) is a method of nonlinear data analysis (cf. chaos theory ) for the investigation of dynamical systems . It quantifies the number and duration of recurrences of a dynamical system presented by its phase space trajectory. [ 1 ]
The recurrence quantification analysis (RQA) was d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recurrence_quantification_analysis |
Recurrent evolution also referred to as repeated [ 1 ] [ 2 ] or replicated [ 3 ] evolution is the repeated evolution of a particular trait, character, or mutation . [ 4 ] Most evolution is the result of drift , often interpreted as the random chance of some alleles being passed down to the next generation and others no... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recurrent_evolution |
In mathematics and physics , a recurrent tensor , with respect to a connection ∇ {\displaystyle \nabla } on a manifold M , is a tensor T for which there is a one-form ω on M such that
An example for recurrent tensors are parallel tensors which are defined by
with respect to some connection ∇ {\displaystyle \nabla } .... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recurrent_tensor |
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