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In mathematics, a recurrent word or sequence is an infinite word over a finite alphabet in which every factor occurs infinitely many times. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] An infinite word is recurrent if and only if it is a sesquipower . [ 4 ] [ 5 ]
A uniformly recurrent word is a recurrent word in which for any given factor X in ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recurrent_word |
Recursive economics is a branch of modern economics based on a paradigm of individuals making a series of two-period optimization decisions over time.
The neoclassical model assumes a one-period utility maximization for a consumer and one-period profit maximization by a producer. The adjustment that occurs within that... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recursive_economics |
Recursive indexing is an algorithm used to represent large numeric values using members of a relatively small set .
Recursive indexing writes the successive differences of the number after extracting the maximum value of the alphabet set from the number, and continuing recursively till the difference falls in the rang... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recursive_indexing |
Red-short , hot-short refers to brittleness of steels at red-hot temperatures. It is often caused by high sulfur levels, in which case it is also known as sulfur embrittlement .
Iron or steel , when heated to above 460 °C (900 °F), glows with a red color. The color of heated iron changes predictably (due to black-body... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red-short_carbon_steel |
The red-suffusion rose-faced lovebird ( Agapornis roseicollis ), also known as the red-pied lovebird , is not a true colour mutation of lovebird species. Many breeders believe it is due to a health issue, most likely dealing with the bird's liver. Some think the red-pied has some genetic relations with the Lutino rosy-... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red-suffusion_rosy-faced_lovebird_mutation |
The Red Barn Observatory was established in 2006 and is dedicated to follow-up observations and detections of asteroids , comets , and Near-Earth objects . Plans for the observatory began in 2002 and construction was completed in 2005. During the month of August 2006, the observatory code H68 was assigned by the Mino... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Barn_Observatory |
The Red Color ( Hebrew : צבע אדום , transl. : Tzeva Adom, i.e. code red ) is an early-warning radar system originally installed by the Israel Defense Forces in several towns surrounding the Gaza Strip to warn civilians of imminent attack by rockets (usually Qassam rockets ). [ 1 ] Outside of areas originally serviced b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Color |
Red Data Book of the Republic of Bulgaria ( Bulgarian : Червена книга на Република България ) consists of detailed publications that catalog the status of endangered and threatened species in the country. These books play an important role in the conservation of biodiversity by identifying species at risk of extinction... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Data_Book_of_the_Republic_of_Bulgaria |
Red Hat Gluster Storage , formerly Red Hat Storage Server, is a computer storage product from Red Hat . It is based on open source technologies such as GlusterFS and Red Hat Enterprise Linux . [ 2 ]
The latest release, RHGS 3.5, combines Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL 8 and also RHEL 7) with the latest GlusterFS commu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Hat_Gluster_Storage |
Red Leaf Resources, Inc , doing business as Green Leaf Carbon Technologies, is an oil-shale technology company based in Salt Lake City , Utah , United States. It is the developer of the shale oil extraction technology HCCO ® (Homogeneous Charged Continuous Oxidation) Process. The company holds mineral leases in Utah fo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Leaf_Resources |
The Red Line , also referred to as the veterinary cordon fence , is a pest-exclusion fence separating northern Namibia from the central and southern regions. It encases several northern regions: Oshana Region , Kavango East Region , Omusati Region , Zambezi Region , Omaheke Region , Kunene Region , and parts of the Kho... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Line_(Namibia) |
The Living Building Challenge (LBC) Red List contains chemicals commonly used in building materials that have been designated as harmful to "health and the environment". The International Living Future Institute (ILFI) created the list in 2006, and is the only organization that uses the term 'Red List'. [ 1 ]
Chemical... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_List_building_materials |
List by Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
See here for a comprehensive list of IUCN Red Lists
See here for a comprehensive List of Red Lists by country.
The Red List of Bulgarian Vascular Plants is a detailed publication that catalogues the national threat status of 801 species of vascular plants from Bulgaria. [ 1 ] Th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_List_of_the_Bulgarian_Vascular_Plants |
The Red Queen's hypothesis is a hypothesis in evolutionary biology proposed in 1973, that species must constantly adapt , evolve , and proliferate in order to survive while pitted against ever-evolving opposing species. The hypothesis was intended to explain the constant (age-independent) extinction probability as obse... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Queen_hypothesis |
The Xbox 360 video game console was subject to a number of technical problems and failures, some as a result of design flaws. Some issues could be identified by a pattern of red lights on the front face of the console; these colloquially became known as the " Red Ring of Death " or the " RRoD ". [ 1 ] [ 2 ] There were ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Ring_of_Death |
The Red Rose of Lancaster ( blazoned : a rose gules ) was the heraldic badge adopted by the royal House of Lancaster in the 14th century. In the modern era , it symbolises the county of Lancashire . The exact species or cultivar which it represents is thought to be Rosa gallica officinalis .
John of Gaunt 's younger ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Rose_of_Lancaster |
The Red Sea and its extensions of the Gulf of Suez and the Gulf of Aqaba contain the largest recorded concentration of deep-sea brine pools on the planet. These pools have many features that make them uninhabitable to almost all organisms on the planet, yet certain communities of microbes thrive within these extreme en... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Sea_brine_pool_microbiology |
Red cell genotyping , [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] also known as blood group genotyping , [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] is a molecular technique used to identify genetic variants responsible for antigens on the surface of red blood cells.
Unlike traditional serological testing , which relies on the presence of antibodies to detect ant... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_cell_genotyping |
Red edge refers to the region of rapid change in reflectance of vegetation in the near infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum . Chlorophyll contained in vegetation absorbs most of the light in the visible part of the spectrum but becomes almost transparent at wavelengths greater than 700 nm . The cellular struc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_edge |
Lionel Thomas Caswall Rolt (usually abbreviated to Tom Rolt or L. T. C. Rolt ) (11 February 1910 – 9 May 1974 [ 1 ] [ 2 ] ) was a prolific English writer and the biographer of major civil engineering figures, including Isambard Kingdom Brunel and Thomas Telford . He is also regarded as one of the pioneers of the leisur... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_for_Danger |
A red giant is a luminous giant star of low or intermediate mass (roughly 0.3–8 solar masses ( M ☉ )) in a late phase of stellar evolution . The outer atmosphere is inflated and tenuous, making the radius large and the surface temperature around 5,000 K [K] (4,700 °C; 8,500 °F) or lower. The appearance of the red giant... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_giant |
In blacksmithing , red heat is the practice of using colours to determine the temperature of a piece of metal (usually iron or steel ). Long before thermometers were widely available, it was necessary to know what state the metal was in for heat treating it, and the only way to do this was to heat it up to a colour whi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_heat |
Red mercury is a discredited substance , most likely a hoax perpetrated by con artists who sought to take advantage of gullible buyers on the black market for arms . [ 1 ] These con artists described it as a substance used in the creation of nuclear weapons ; because of the secrecy surrounding nuclear weapons developme... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_mercury |
Red mud , now more frequently termed bauxite residue , is an industrial waste generated during the processing of bauxite into alumina using the Bayer process . It is composed of various oxide compounds, including the iron oxides which give its red colour. Over 97% of the alumina produced globally is through the Bayer p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_mud |
A "red neuron" (acidophilic or "eosinophilic" neuron) is a pathological finding in neurons , generally of the central nervous system , indicative of acute neuronal injury and subsequent apoptosis or necrosis . Acidophilic neurons are often found in the first 12–24 hours after an ischemic injury such as a stroke. Since ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_neuron |
Red phosphorus is an allotrope of phosphorus . It is an amorphous polymeric red solid that is stable in air. It can be easily converted from white phosphorus under light or heating. It finds applications as matches and fire retardants . It was discovered in 1847 by Anton von Schrötter. [ 1 ]
Red phosphorus is an amorp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_phosphorus |
Red plague is an accelerated corrosion of copper when plated with silver . After storage, damage or use in high- humidity environment, cuprous oxide forms on the surface of the parts. The corrosion is identifiable by presence of patches of brown-red powder deposit on the exposed copper. [ 1 ]
Red plague is caused by n... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_plague_(corrosion) |
Red rot is a degradation process found in vegetable-tanned leather . [ 1 ]
Red rot is caused by prolonged storage or exposure to high relative humidity , environmental pollution, and high temperature. In particular, red rot occurs at pH values of 4.2 to 4.5. Sulfur dioxide converts to sulfurous acid which forms hydrog... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_rot |
In quantum mechanics , the Redfield equation is a Markovian master equation that describes the time evolution of the reduced density matrix ρ of a strongly coupled quantum system that is weakly coupled to an environment. The equation is named after Alfred G. Redfield , who first applied it, doing so for nuclear magneti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redfield_equation |
The Redfield ratio or Redfield stoichiometry is the consistent atomic ratio of carbon , nitrogen and phosphorus found in marine phytoplankton and throughout the deep oceans.
The term is named for American oceanographer Alfred C. Redfield who in 1934 first described the relatively consistent ratio of nutrients in marin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redfield_ratio |
In mathematics, a Redheffer matrix , often denoted A n {\displaystyle A_{n}} as studied by Redheffer (1977) , is a square (0,1) matrix whose entries a ij are 1 if i divides j or if j = 1; otherwise, a ij = 0. It is useful in some contexts to express Dirichlet convolution , or convolved divisors sums , in terms of matri... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redheffer_matrix |
Redi Award is an international science award given to scientists who have made significant contributions in toxinology , the scientific study of venoms , poisons and toxins . The award is sponsored by the International Society on Toxinology (ISI). [ 1 ]
Osservazioni intorno alle vipere ( Observations about the Viper )... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redi_Award |
In chemistry, redistribution usually refers to the exchange of anionic ligands bonded to metal and metalloid centers. The conversion does not involve redox , in contrast to disproportionation reactions. Some useful redistribution reactions are conducted at higher temperatures; upon cooling the mixture, the product mix... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redistribution_(chemistry) |
In physics and thermodynamics , the Redlich–Kwong equation of state is an empirical, algebraic equation that relates temperature, pressure, and volume of gases. It is generally more accurate than the van der Waals equation and the ideal gas equation at temperatures above the critical temperature . It was formulated b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redlich–Kwong_equation_of_state |
Redmi Note 8 is the series of Android -based smartphones as part of the Redmi Note series by Redmi , a sub-brand of Xiaomi Inc . Redmi Note 8 and Note 8 Pro were released on 29 August 2019 in an event held in China . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The Redmi Note 8 Pro is the first smartphone to be equipped with a 64-megapixel camera. [ 2... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redmi_Note_8 |
Redox ( / ˈ r ɛ d ɒ k s / RED -oks , / ˈ r iː d ɒ k s / REE -doks , reduction–oxidation [ 2 ] or oxidation–reduction [ 3 ] : 150 ) is a type of chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of the reactants change. [ 4 ] Oxidation is the loss of electrons or an increase in the oxidation state, while reduction is the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redox |
A redox gradient is a series of reduction-oxidation ( redox ) reactions sorted according to redox potential . [ 4 ] [ 5 ] The redox ladder displays the order in which redox reactions occur based on the free energy gained from redox pairs. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] These redox gradients form both spatially and temporally as a r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redox_gradient |
A redox indicator (also called an oxidation-reduction indicator ) is an indicator which undergoes a definite color change at a specific electrode potential .
The requirement for fast and reversible color change means that the oxidation-reduction equilibrium for an indicator redox system needs to be established very qu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redox_indicator |
A redox titration [ 1 ] is a type of titration based on a redox reaction between the analyte and titrant. It may involve the use of a redox indicator and/or a potentiometer. A common example of a redox titration is the treatment of a solution of iodine with a reducing agent to produce iodide using a starch indicator to... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redox_titration |
Redshift is a techno-economic theory suggesting hypersegmentation [ clarification needed ] of information technology markets based on whether individual computing needs are over or under-served by Moore's law , which predicts the doubling of computing transistors (and therefore roughly computing power) every two years.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redshift_(theory) |
Redtail Telematics is a provider of GPS enabled fleet tracking products. The company is based in North America with headquarters in the United Kingdom.
Redtail's products use a technology solution known as VAM (Vehicle Asset Management) which includes features such as:
1) sensors
2) Onboard diagnostics
3) Vehicle st... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redtail_Telematics_Corporation |
In mathematics , the reduced derivative is a generalization of the notion of derivative that is well-suited to the study of functions of bounded variation . Although functions of bounded variation have derivatives in the sense of Radon measures , it is desirable to have a derivative that takes values in the same space... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduced_derivative |
In biophysics and related fields, reduced dimension forms (RDFs) are unique on-off mechanisms for random walks that generate two-state trajectories (see Fig. 1 for an example of a RDF and Fig. 2 for an example of a two-state trajectory). It has been shown that RDFs solve two-state trajectories, since only one RDF can b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduced_dimensions_form |
Reduced frequency is the dimensionless number used in general for the case of unsteady aerodynamics and aeroelasticity . It is one of the parameters that defines the degree of unsteadiness of the problem. [ 1 ]
For the case of flutter analysis, lift history for the motion obtained from the Wagner analysis ( Herbert A.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduced_frequency |
In surveying , reduced level ( RL ) refers to equating elevations of survey points with reference to a common assumed vertical datum . It is a vertical distance between survey point and adopted datum surface. [ 1 ] Thus, it is considered as the base level which is used as reference to reckon heights or depths of other ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduced_level |
In physics , reduced mass is a measure of the effective inertial mass of a system with two or more particles when the particles are interacting with each other. Reduced mass allows the two-body problem to be solved as if it were a one-body problem . Note, however, that the mass determining the gravitational force is no... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduced_mass |
In model theory , a branch of mathematical logic , and in algebra , the reduced product is a construction that generalizes both direct product and ultraproduct .
Let { S i | i ∈ I } be a nonempty family of structures of the same signature σ indexed by a set I , and let U be a proper filter on I . The domain of the red... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduced_product |
In thermodynamics , the reduced properties of a fluid are a set of state variables scaled by the fluid's state properties at its critical point . These dimensionless thermodynamic coordinates, taken together with a substance's compressibility factor , provide the basis for the simplest form of the theorem of correspon... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduced_properties |
In chemistry , a reducing agent (also known as a reductant , reducer , or electron donor ) is a chemical species that "donates" an electron to an electron recipient (called the oxidizing agent , oxidant , oxidizer , or electron acceptor ).
Examples of substances that are common reducing agents include hydrogen , carbo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reducing_agent |
A reducing atmosphere is an atmosphere in which oxidation is prevented by the absence of oxygen and other oxidizing gases or vapours, and which may contain actively reductant gases such as hydrogen , carbon monoxide , methane and hydrogen sulfide that would be readily oxidized to remove any free oxygen. Although Early ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reducing_atmosphere |
In linear algebra , a reducing subspace W {\displaystyle W} of a linear map T : V → V {\displaystyle T:V\to V} from a Hilbert space V {\displaystyle V} to itself is an invariant subspace of T {\displaystyle T} whose orthogonal complement W ⊥ {\displaystyle W^{\perp }} is also an invariant subspace of T . {\displaystyle... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reducing_subspace |
A reducing sugar is any sugar that is capable of acting as a reducing agent . [ 1 ] In an alkaline solution, a reducing sugar forms some aldehyde or ketone , which allows it to act as a reducing agent, for example in Benedict's reagent . In such a reaction, the sugar becomes a carboxylic acid .
All monosaccharides are... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reducing_sugar |
In universal algebra and in model theory , a reduct of an algebraic structure is obtained by omitting some of the operations and relations of that structure. The opposite of "reduct" is "expansion".
Let A be an algebraic structure (in the sense of universal algebra ) or a structure in the sense of model theory , orga... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduct |
In mathematics , reduction refers to the rewriting of an expression into a simpler form. For example, the process of rewriting a fraction into one with the smallest whole-number denominator possible (while keeping the numerator a whole number) is called " reducing a fraction ". Rewriting a radical (or "root") expressio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduction_(mathematics) |
Reduction of summands is an algorithm for fast binary multiplication of non-signed binary integers. It is performed in three steps: production of summands, reduction of summands, and summation.
In binary multiplication, each row of the summands will be either zero or one of the numbers to be multiplied. Consider the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduction_of_summands |
Reductions with diimide are a chemical reactions that convert unsaturated organic compounds to reduced alkane products. In the process, diimide ( N 2 H 2 ) is oxidized to dinitrogen. [ 1 ]
In 1929, the conversion of oleic acid to stearic acid in the presence of hydrazine was observed. [ 2 ] The short-lived intermediat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reductions_with_diimide |
Reductions with hydrosilanes are methods used for hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis of organic compounds . The approach is a subset of ionic hydrogenation . In this particular method, the substrate is treated with a hydrosilane and auxiliary reagent, often a strong acid, resulting in formal transfer of hydride from sil... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reductions_with_hydrosilanes |
Reductions with metal alkoxyaluminium hydrides are chemical reactions that involve either the net hydrogenation of an unsaturated compound or the replacement of a reducible functional group with hydrogen by metal alkoxyaluminium hydride reagents. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
Sodium borohydride and lithium aluminium hydride are commonl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reductions_with_metal_alkoxyaluminium_hydrides |
In organochlorine chemistry , reductive dechlorination describes any chemical reaction which cleaves the covalent bond between carbon and chlorine via reductants , to release chloride ions. Many modalities have been implemented, depending on the application. Reductive dechlorination is often applied to remediation of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reductive_dechlorination |
Reductive elimination is an elementary step in organometallic chemistry in which the oxidation state of the metal center decreases while forming a new covalent bond between two ligands . It is the microscopic reverse of oxidative addition , and is often the product-forming step in many catalytic processes. Since oxidat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reductive_elimination |
Reductive stress (RS) is defined as an abnormal accumulation of reducing equivalents despite being in the presence of intact oxidation and reduction systems. [ 1 ] A redox reaction involves the transfer of electrons from reducing agents (reductants) to oxidizing agents (oxidants) and redox couples are accountable for t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reductive_stress |
A reductone is a special class of organic compounds . They are enediols with a carbonyl group adjacent to the enediol group, i.e. RC(OH)=C(OH)-C(O)R. The enediol structure is stabilized by the resonance resulting from the tautomerism with the adjacent carbonyl. Therefore, the chemical equilibrium produces mainly the en... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reductone |
The redundancy principle in biology [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ] [ 9 ] expresses the need of many copies of the same entity ( cells , molecules , ions ) to fulfill a biological function . Examples are numerous: disproportionate numbers of spermatozoa during fertilization compared to one egg, large nu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redundancy_principle_(biology) |
A Redundant Array of Inexpensive Servers (RAIS) or Redundant Array of Independent Nodes (RAIN) is the use of multiple servers to maintain service if one server fails. This is similar in concept to how RAID turns a cluster of ordinary disks into a single block device. RAIS was designed to provide the benefits of a symm... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redundant_Array_of_Inexpensive_Servers |
CORDIC ( coordinate rotation digital computer ), Volder's algorithm , Digit-by-digit method , Circular CORDIC ( Jack E. Volder ), [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Linear CORDIC , Hyperbolic CORDIC (John Stephen Walther), [ 3 ] [ 4 ] and Generalized Hyperbolic CORDIC ( GH CORDIC ) (Yuanyong Luo et al.), [ 5 ] [ 6 ] is a simple and efficient... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redundant_CORDIC |
A redundant array of independent memory ( RAIM ) is a design feature found in certain computers ' main random access memory . [ 1 ] RAIM utilizes additional memory modules and striping algorithms to protect against the failure of any particular module and keep the memory system operating continuously. RAIM is similar i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redundant_array_of_independent_memory |
In mathematical logic , a redundant proof is a proof that has a subset that is a shorter proof of the same result. In other words, a proof is redundant if it has more proof steps than are actually necessary to prove the result. Formally, a proof ψ {\displaystyle \psi } of κ {\displaystyle \kappa } is considered redunda... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redundant_proof |
Redux is the generic name of a family of phenol–formaldehyde / polyvinyl–formal adhesives developed by Aero Research Limited (ARL) at Duxford , UK, in the 1940s, subsequently produced by Ciba (ARL) . The brand name is now also used for a range of epoxy and bismaleimide adhesives manufactured by Hexcel . The name is a c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redux_(adhesive) |
In computer science , a red–black tree is a self-balancing binary search tree data structure noted for fast storage and retrieval of ordered information. The nodes in a red-black tree hold an extra "color" bit, often drawn as red and black, which help ensure that the tree is always approximately balanced. [ 1 ]
When t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red–black_tree |
In mathematics , Reeb sphere theorem , named after Georges Reeb , states that
A singularity of a foliation F is of Morse type if in its small neighborhood all leaves of the foliation are level sets of a Morse function , being the singularity a critical point of the function. The singularity is a center if it is a loc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reeb_sphere_theorem |
Reed's law is the assertion of David P. Reed that the utility of large networks , particularly social networks , can scale exponentially with the size of the network. [ 1 ]
The reason for this is that the number of possible sub-groups of network participants is 2 N − N − 1, where N is the number of participants. This... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reed's_law |
A reed is part of a weaving loom , and resembles a comb or a frame with many vertical slits. [ 1 ] It is used to separate and space the warp threads, to guide the shuttle 's motion across the loom, and to push the weft threads into place. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 1 ] In most floor looms with, the reed is securely held by the beat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reed_(weaving) |
A reedbed or reed bed is a natural habitat found in floodplains , waterlogged depressions and estuaries . Reedbeds are part of a succession from young reeds colonising open water or wet ground through a gradation of increasingly dry ground. As reedbeds age, they build up a considerable litter layer that eventually rise... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reed_bed |
The Reed reaction is a chemical reaction that utilizes light to oxidize hydrocarbons to alkyl sulfonyl chlorides . This reaction is employed in modifying polyethylene to give chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSPE), which is noted for its toughness. [ 1 ]
Polyethylene is treated with a mixture of chlorine and sulfur diox... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reed_reaction |
Reed–Muller codes are error-correcting codes that are used in wireless communications applications, particularly in deep-space communication. [ 1 ] Moreover, the proposed 5G standard [ 2 ] relies on the closely related polar codes [ 3 ] for error correction in the control channel. Due to their favorable theoretical and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reed–Muller_code |
In information theory and coding theory , Reed–Solomon codes are a group of error-correcting codes that were introduced by Irving S. Reed and Gustave Solomon in 1960. [ 1 ] They have many applications, including consumer technologies such as MiniDiscs , CDs , DVDs , Blu-ray discs, QR codes , Data Matrix , data transmis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reed–Solomon_error_correction |
Reef Ball Foundation, Inc. is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization that functions as an international environmental non-governmental organization . The foundation uses reef ball artificial reef technology, combined with coral propagation, transplant technology, public education, and community training to build, restore ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reef_Ball_Foundation |
Reef Life Survey is a marine life monitoring programme [ 1 ] based in Hobart , Tasmania . It is international in scope, but predominantly Australian , as a large proportion of the volunteers are Australian. Most of the surveys are done by volunteer recreational divers , collecting biodiversity data for marine conservat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reef_Life_Survey |
A reeler is a mouse mutant , so named because of its characteristic "reeling" gait . This is caused by the profound underdevelopment of the mouse's cerebellum , a segment of the brain responsible for locomotion . The mutation is autosomal and recessive , and prevents the typical cerebellar folia from forming.
Cortical... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reeler |
In physics , reentrant superconductivity is an effect observed in systems that lie close to the boundary between ferromagnetic and superconducting . By its very nature (normal) superconductivity (condensation of electrons into the BCS ground state ) cannot exist together with ferromagnetism (condensation of electrons i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reentrant_superconductivity |
The Re-referenced Protein Chemical shift Database (RefDB) [ 1 ] is an NMR spectroscopy database of carefully corrected or re-referenced chemical shifts , derived from the BioMagResBank (BMRB) (Fig. 1). The database was assembled by using a structure-based chemical shift calculation program (called SHIFTX) to calculate ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RefDB_(chemistry) |
A reference is a relationship between objects in which one object designates, or acts as a means by which to connect to or link to, another object. The first object in this relation is said to refer to the second object. It is called a name for the second object. The next object, the one to which the first object refer... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference |
Reference Signal Received Power ( RSRP ) is a measure of the received power level in an LTE cell network. The average power is a measure of the power received from a single reference signal. [ 1 ]
RSRP is used to measure the coverage of the LTE cell on the DL. The UE will send RRC measurement reports that include RSRP... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_Signal_Received_Power |
A reference card , also known as a reference sheet , quick reference card , crib sheet or job aid , is a concise bundling of condensed notes about a specific topic, such as mathematical formulas [ 1 ] to calculate area/volume, or common syntactic rules and idioms of a particular computer platform , application program ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_card |
In statistics , the reference class problem is the problem of deciding what class to use when calculating the probability applicable to a particular case.
For example, to estimate the probability of an aircraft crashing, we could refer to the frequency of crashes among various different sets of aircraft: all aircraft,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_class_problem |
A reference designator unambiguously identifies the location of a component within an electrical schematic or on a printed circuit board . The reference designator usually consists of one or two letters followed by a number, e.g. C3, D1, R4, U15. The number is sometimes followed by a letter, indicating that components ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_designator |
A reference dose is the United States Environmental Protection Agency 's maximum acceptable oral dose of a toxic substance, "below which no adverse noncancer health effects should result from a lifetime of exposure". Reference doses have been most commonly determined for pesticides . The EPA defines an oral reference d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_dose |
A reference ecosystem , also known as an ecological reference , is a " community of organisms able to act as a model or benchmark for restoration ." [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Reference ecosystems usually include remnant natural areas that have not been degraded by human activities such as agriculture , logging , development , ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_ecosystem |
An Earth ellipsoid or Earth spheroid is a mathematical figure approximating the Earth's form , used as a reference frame for computations in geodesy , astronomy , and the geosciences . Various different ellipsoids have been used as approximations.
It is a spheroid (an ellipsoid of revolution ) whose minor axis (shorte... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_ellipsoid |
A reference genome (also known as a reference assembly ) is a digital nucleic acid sequence database, assembled by scientists as a representative example of the set of genes in one idealized individual organism of a species. As they are assembled from the sequencing of DNA from a number of individual donors, reference... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_genome |
The reference mark or reference symbol " ※ " is a typographic mark or word used in Chinese , Japanese and Korean (CJK) writing.
The symbol was used historically to call attention to an important sentence or idea, such as a prologue or footnote. [ 1 ] As an indicator of a note, the mark serves the same purpose as the a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_mark |
Isotopic reference materials are compounds ( solids , liquids , gasses ) with well-defined isotopic compositions and are the ultimate sources of accuracy in mass spectrometric measurements of isotope ratios . Isotopic references are used because mass spectrometers are highly fractionating . As a result, the isotopic ra... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_materials_for_stable_isotope_analysis |
A reference model —in systems , enterprise , and software engineering —is an abstract framework or domain-specific ontology consisting of an interlinked set of clearly defined concepts produced by an expert or body of experts to encourage clear communication. A reference model can represent the component parts of any ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_model |
A reference tone is a pure tone corresponding to a known frequency, and produced at a stable sound pressure level (volume), usually by specialized equipment.
The most common reference tone in audio engineering is a 1000 Hz tone ⓘ at −20 dB . It is meant to be used by audio engineers in order to adjust the playback equ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_tone |
The Refined Bitumen Association is the trade association for UK bitumen companies.
It was formed in 1968.
In 2000, it formed the Asphalt Industry Alliance with the Mineral Products Association , based in London. Asphalt is a mixture of bitumen and quarried mineral products, represented by both trade organisations.
I... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refined_Bitumen_Association |
In category theory and related fields of mathematics, a refinement is a construction that generalizes the operations of "interior enrichment", like bornologification or saturation of a locally convex space. A dual construction is called envelope .
Suppose K {\displaystyle K} is a category, X {\displaystyle X} an objec... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refinement_(category_theory) |
Refinement is a generic term of computer science that encompasses various approaches for producing correct computer programs and simplifying existing programs to enable their formal verification.
In formal methods , program refinement is the verifiable transformation of an abstract (high-level) formal specification in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refinement_(computing) |
In mathematics , and more particularly in set theory , a cover (or covering ) [ 1 ] of a set X {\displaystyle X} is a family of subsets of X {\displaystyle X} whose union is all of X {\displaystyle X} . More formally, if C = { U α : α ∈ A } {\displaystyle C=\lbrace U_{\alpha }:\alpha \in A\rbrace } is an indexed family... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refinement_(topology) |
A refinery is a production facility composed of a group of chemical engineering unit processes and unit operations refining certain materials or converting raw material into products of value.
Different types of refineries are as follows:
The image below is a schematic flow diagram of a typical oil refinery depicting... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refinery |
In metallurgy , refining consists of purifying an impure metal. It is to be distinguished from other processes such as smelting and calcining in that those two involve a chemical change to the raw material, whereas in refining the final material is chemically identical to the raw material. Refining thus increases the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refining_(metallurgy) |
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