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The Reich Labour Service ( Reichsarbeitsdienst ; RAD) was a major paramilitary organization established in Nazi Germany as an agency to help mitigate the effects of unemployment on the German economy , militarise the workforce and indoctrinate it with Nazi ideology. It was the official state labour service, divided int... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reich_Labour_Service |
The Reichert value (also Reichert-Meissl number , Reichert-Meissl-Wollny value or Reichert-Meissl-Wollny number [ citation needed ] ) is a value determined when examining fats and oils . The Reichert value is an indicator of how much volatile fatty acid can be extracted from a particular fat or oil through saponificati... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reichert_value |
Reichle & De-Massari Holding AG ( R&M ), is a globally active corporate group in the information and communication technology sector, based in Wetzikon , Switzerland. The family company develops and produces connecting technology for communications networks , such as fiber-optic distributors, patch panels, data and com... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reichle_&_De-Massari |
The Reichstein process in chemistry is a combined chemical and microbial method for the production of ascorbic acid from D-glucose in five steps. [ 1 ] This process was devised by Nobel Prize winner Tadeusz Reichstein and his colleagues in 1933 while working in the laboratory of the ETH in Zürich . [ chronology citatio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reichstein_process |
Reid's Paradox of Rapid Plant Migration or Reid's Paradox , describes the observation from the paleoecological record that plant ranges shifted northward, after the last glacial maximum , at a faster rate than the seed dispersal rates commonly occur. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Rare long-distance seed dispersal events have been hypoth... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reid's_paradox_of_rapid_plant_migration |
Reid vapor pressure ( RVP ) is a common measure of the volatility of gasoline and other petroleum products. [ 1 ] It is defined as the
absolute vapor pressure exerted by the vapor of the liquid and any dissolved gases/moisture at 37.8 °C (100 °F) as determined by the test method ASTM-D-323, which was first developed i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reid_vapor_pressure |
The Hofmann–Martius rearrangement in organic chemistry is a rearrangement reaction converting an N-alkylated aniline to the corresponding ortho and / or para aryl -alkylated aniline. The reaction requires heat, and the catalyst is an acid like hydrochloric acid . [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
When the catalyst is a metal halide the rea... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reilly–Hickinbottom_rearrangement |
The Reimer–Tiemann reaction is a chemical reaction used for the ortho - formylation of phenols . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] with the simplest example being the conversion of phenol to salicylaldehyde . The reaction was first reported by Karl Reimer and Ferdinand Tiemann . [ 5 ]
Chloroform ( 1 ) is deprotonated by a stron... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reimer–Tiemann_reaction |
The reindeer (caribou in North America) is a widespread and numerous species in the northern Holarctic , being present in both tundra and taiga (boreal forest). [ 1 ] Originally, the reindeer was found in Scandinavia , eastern Europe , Russia , Mongolia , and northern China north of the 50th latitude . In North America... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reindeer_distribution |
Reinecke salt,
Reinecke's salt is an inorganic compound with the formula NH 4 [Cr(NCS) 4 (NH 3 ) 2 ·H 2 O . The dark-red crystalline compound is soluble in boiling water, acetone , and ethanol . [ 2 ] It can be classified as a metal isothiocyanate complex .
The chromium atom is surrounded by six nitrogen atoms in an ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinecke's_salt |
Reinforced concrete , also called ferroconcrete , is a composite material in which concrete 's relatively low tensile strength and ductility are compensated for by the inclusion of reinforcement having higher tensile strength or ductility. The reinforcement is usually, though not necessarily, steel reinforcing bars (kn... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinforced_concrete |
A reinforced concrete column is a structural member designed to carry compressive loads , composed of concrete with an embedded steel frame to provide reinforcement. For design purposes, the columns are separated into two categories: short columns and slender columns.
The strength of short columns is controlled by th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinforced_concrete_column |
The durability design of reinforced concrete structures has been recently introduced in national and international regulations. It is required that structures are designed to preserve their characteristics during the service life, avoiding premature failure and the need of extraordinary maintenance and restoration work... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinforced_concrete_structures_durability |
Reinforced lipids are lipid molecules in which some of the fatty acids contain deuterium . They can be used for the protection of living cells by slowing the chain reaction due to isotope effect on lipid peroxidation . [ 1 ] The lipid bilayer of the cell and organelle membranes contain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinforced_lipids |
Reinforced thermoplastic pipe ( RTP ) is a type of pipe reinforced using a high strength synthetic fibre such as glass, aramid or carbon. It was initially developed in the early 1990s by Wavin Repox, Akzo Nobel and by Tubes d'Aquitaine from France, who developed the first pipes reinforced with synthetic fibre to replac... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinforced_thermoplastic_pipe |
The reinforcement of 3D printed concrete is a mechanism where the ductility and tensile strength of printed concrete are improved using various reinforcing techniques, including reinforcing bars , meshes , fibers , or cables. The reinforcement of 3D printed concrete is important for the large-scale use of the new techn... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinforcement_in_concrete_3D_printing |
Reinhart Ahlrichs (16 January 1940 – 12 October 2016) was a German theoretical chemist . [ 1 ]
Ahlrichs was born on the 16 January 1940 in Göttingen . He studied Physics at the University of Göttingen (Diplom (M.Sc.) in 1965) and received his PhD in 1968 with W. A. Bingel . From 1968-69 he was assistant at Göttingen w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhart_Ahlrichs |
Reinhold Baer (22 July 1902 – 22 October 1979) was a German mathematician , known for his work in algebra . He introduced injective modules in 1940. He is the eponym of Baer rings , Baer groups , and Baer subplanes .
Baer studied mechanical engineering for a year at Leibniz University Hannover . He then went to study... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhold_Baer |
Reinke's space is a potential space between the vocal ligament and the overlying mucosa. [ 1 ] It is not an empty space, but contains cells, special fibers and extracellular matrix . It plays an important role in the vibration of the vocal cords. Edema of this space is called Reinke's edema . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinke's_space |
Reinnervation is the restoration, either by spontaneous cellular regeneration or by surgical grafting , of nerve supply to a body part from which it has been lost or damaged. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ]
This neuroanatomy article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinnervation |
In the fields of Big Bang theory and cosmology , reionization is the process that caused electrically neutral atoms in the primordial universe to reionize after the lapse of the " dark ages ".
Detecting and studying the reionization process is challenging but multiple avenues have been pursued.
This reionization was ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reionization |
The Reissert indole synthesis is a series of chemical reactions designed to synthesize indole or substituted-indoles ( 4 and 5 ) from ortho-nitrotoluene 1 and diethyl oxalate 2 . [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
Potassium ethoxide has been shown to give better results than sodium ethoxide . [ 3 ]
The first step of the synthesis is the co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reissert_indole_synthesis |
The Reissert reaction is a series of chemical reactions that transforms quinoline to quinaldic acid . [1] [2] Quinolines will react with acid chlorides and potassium cyanide to give 1-acyl-2-cyano-1,2-dihydroquinolines, also known as Reissert compounds. Hydrolysis gives the desired quinaldic acid.
The Reissert reactio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reissert_reaction |
In physics and astronomy , the Reissner–Nordström metric is a static solution to the Einstein–Maxwell field equations , which corresponds to the gravitational field of a charged, non-rotating, spherically symmetric body of mass M . The analogous solution for a charged, rotating body is given by the Kerr–Newman metric .... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reissner–Nordström_metric |
Rejuvenation is a medical discipline focused on the practical reversal of the aging process . [ 1 ]
Rejuvenation is distinct from life extension . Life extension strategies often study the causes of aging and try to oppose those causes to slow aging. Rejuvenation is the reversal of aging and thus requires a different ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rejuvenation |
This article relates the Schrödinger equation with the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics using a simple nonrelativistic one-dimensional single-particle Hamiltonian composed of kinetic and potential energy.
Schrödinger's equation, in bra–ket notation , is i ℏ d d t | ψ ⟩ = H ^ | ψ ⟩ {\displaystyle i\hbar {... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relation_between_Schrödinger's_equation_and_the_path_integral_formulation_of_quantum_mechanics |
In computer science , a relational operator is a programming language construct or operator that tests or defines some kind of relation between two entities . These include numerical equality ( e.g. , 5 = 5 ) and inequalities ( e.g. , 4 ≥ 3 ).
In programming languages that include a distinct boolean data type in their... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relational_operator |
The relational theory of space is a metaphysical theory according to which space is composed of relations between objects, with the implication that it cannot exist in the absence of matter. Its opposite is the container theory. A relativistic physical theory implies a relational metaphysics , but not the other way rou... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relational_space |
In thermodynamics , the heat capacity at constant volume, C V {\displaystyle C_{V}} , and the heat capacity at constant pressure, C P {\displaystyle C_{P}} , are extensive properties that have the magnitude of energy divided by temperature.
The laws of thermodynamics imply the following relations between these two hea... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relations_between_heat_capacities |
The relationship between animal ethics and environmental ethics concerns the differing ethical consideration of individual nonhuman animals—particularly those living in spaces outside of direct human control—and conceptual entities such as species, populations and ecosystems . The intersection of these two fields is a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relationship_between_animal_ethics_and_environmental_ethics |
The relationship between mathematics and physics has been a subject of study of philosophers , mathematicians and physicists since antiquity , and more recently also by historians and educators . [ 2 ] Generally considered a relationship of great intimacy, [ 3 ] mathematics has been described as "an essential tool for ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relationship_between_mathematics_and_physics |
The relationship between telomeres and longevity and changing the length of telomeres is one of the new fields of research on increasing human lifespan and even human immortality . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Telomeres are sequences at the ends of chromosomes that shorten with each cell division and determine the lifespan of cells . [... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relationship_between_telomeres_and_longevity |
Relative accessible surface area or relative solvent accessibility (RSA) of a protein residue is a measure of residue solvent exposure . It can be calculated by formula:
RSA = ASA / MaxASA {\displaystyle {\text{RSA}}={\text{ASA}}/{\text{MaxASA}}} [ 1 ]
where ASA is the solvent accessible surface area and MaxASA is th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_accessible_surface_area |
Relative apparent synapomorphy analysis , or RASA , is a method that aims to determine whether a given character is shared between taxa due to shared ancestry or due to convergence . A synapomorphy is a shared trait found among two or more taxa and their most recent common ancestor, whose ancestor in turn does not poss... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_apparent_synapomorphy_analysis |
Relative atomic mass (symbol: A r ; sometimes abbreviated RAM or r.a.m. ), also known by the deprecated synonym atomic weight , is a dimensionless physical quantity defined as the ratio of the average mass of atoms of a chemical element in a given sample to the atomic mass constant . The atomic mass constant (symbol: m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_atomic_mass |
In any quantitative science , the terms relative change and relative difference are used to compare two quantities while taking into account the "sizes" of the things being compared, i.e. dividing by a standard or reference or starting value. [ 1 ] The comparison is expressed as a ratio and is a unitless number . By mu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_change |
Relative density , also called specific gravity , [ 1 ] [ 2 ] is a dimensionless quantity defined as the ratio of the density (mass of a unit volume) of a substance to the density of a given reference material. Specific gravity for solids and liquids is nearly always measured with respect to water at its densest (at 4 ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_density |
In mathematics , specifically linear algebra and geometry , relative dimension is the dual notion to codimension .
In linear algebra, given a quotient map V → Q {\displaystyle V\to Q} , the difference dim V − dim Q is the relative dimension; this equals the dimension of the kernel .
In fiber bundles , the relative di... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_dimension |
Relative Fat Mass ( RFM ) is a simple formula for the estimation of overweight or obesity in humans that requires only a calculation based on a ratio of height and waist measurements. [ 1 ]
High body fat is associated with increased risks of poor health and early mortality. [ 2 ] RFM is a simple anthropometric procedu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_fat_mass |
The terms " relative fluorescence units " (RFU) and " RFU peak " refer to measurements in electrophoresis methods, such as for DNA analysis. A "relative fluorescence unit" is a unit of measurement used in analysis which employs fluorescence detection. [ 1 ] Fluorescence is detected using a charge-coupled device (CCD) a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_fluorescence_units |
Relative hour ( Hebrew singular: shaʿah zǝmanit / שעה זמנית ; plural: shaʿot - zǝmaniyot / שעות זמניות ), sometimes called halachic hour , temporal hour , seasonal hour and variable hour , is a term used in rabbinic Jewish law that assigns 12 hours to each day and 12 hours to each night, all throughout the year. A rela... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_hour |
In the context of the Microsoft Windows NT line of computer operating systems , the relative identifier (RID) is a variable length number that is assigned to objects at creation and becomes part of the object's Security Identifier (SID) that uniquely identifies an account or group within a domain. The Relative ID Maste... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_identifier |
In mathematics , the relative interior of a set is a refinement of the concept of the interior , which is often more useful when dealing with low-dimensional sets placed in higher-dimensional spaces.
Formally, the relative interior of a set S {\displaystyle S} (denoted relint ( S ) {\displaystyle \operatorname {reli... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_interior |
Relative locality is a proposed physical phenomenon in which different observers would disagree on whether two space-time events are coincident. [ 1 ] This is in contrast to special relativity and general relativity in which different observers may disagree on whether two distant events occur at the same time but if an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_locality |
In multiphase flow in porous media , the relative permeability of a phase is a dimensionless measure of the effective permeability of that phase. It is the ratio of the effective permeability of that phase to the absolute permeability. It can be viewed as an adaptation of Darcy's law to multiphase flow.
For two-phase... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_permeability |
The relative permittivity (in older texts, dielectric constant ) is the permittivity of a material expressed as a ratio with the electric permittivity of a vacuum . A dielectric is an insulating material, and the dielectric constant of an insulator measures the ability of the insulator to store electric energy in an el... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_permittivity |
The relative rate test is a genetic comparative test between two ingroups (somewhat closely related species) and an outgroup or “reference species” to compare mutation and evolutionary rates between the species. [ 1 ] Each ingroup species is compared independently to the outgroup to determine how closely related the tw... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_rate_test |
In mathematics, a relative scalar (of weight w ) is a scalar-valued function whose transform under a coordinate transform,
x ¯ j = x ¯ j ( x i ) {\displaystyle {\bar {x}}^{j}={\bar {x}}^{j}(x^{i})}
on an n -dimensional manifold obeys the following equation
f ¯ ( x ¯ j ) = J w f ( x i ) {\displaystyle {\bar {f}}({\ba... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_scalar |
Relative species abundance is a component of biodiversity and is a measure of how common or rare a species is relative to other species in a defined location or community. [ 1 ] Relative abundance is the percent composition of an organism of a particular kind relative to the total number of organisms in the area. [ cit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_species_abundance |
The Relative thermal index (RTI) is a characteristic parameter related to the ability of plastic materials to resist thermal degradation .
The RTI is part of the longterm thermal aging program (LTTA) described in the UL 746B standard from UL . [ 1 ]
During the process of the UL 746B program, the degradation in hot ai... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_thermal_index |
The relative velocity of an object B relative to an observer A , denoted v B ∣ A {\displaystyle \mathbf {v} _{B\mid A}} (also v B A {\displaystyle \mathbf {v} _{BA}} or v B rel A {\displaystyle \mathbf {v} _{B\operatorname {rel} A}} ), is the velocity vector of B measured in the rest frame of A .
The relative speed v... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_velocity |
Relative volatility is a measure comparing the vapor pressures of the components in a liquid mixture of chemicals. This quantity is widely used in designing large industrial distillation processes. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] In effect, it indicates the ease or difficulty of using distillation to separate the more volatile compo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_volatility |
Relative wind stress is a shear stress that is produced by wind blowing over the surface of the ocean, or another large body of water. Relative wind stress is related to wind stress but takes the difference between the surface ocean current velocity and wind velocity into account. The units are Newton per meter squared... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_wind_stress |
The relativistic Breit–Wigner distribution (after the 1936 nuclear resonance formula [ 1 ] of Gregory Breit and Eugene Wigner ) is a continuous probability distribution with the following probability density function , [ 2 ] f ( E ) = k ( E 2 − M 2 ) 2 + M 2 Γ 2 , {\displaystyle f(E)={\frac {k}{(E^{2}-M^{2})^{2}+M^{2}\... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativistic_Breit–Wigner_distribution |
In theoretical physics , relativistic Lagrangian mechanics is Lagrangian mechanics applied in the context of special relativity and general relativity .
The relativistic Lagrangian can be derived in relativistic mechanics to be of the form:
Although, unlike non-relativistic mechanics, the relativistic Lagrangian is n... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativistic_Lagrangian_mechanics |
In physics , relativistic beaming (also known as Doppler beaming, Doppler boosting, or the headlight effect ) is the process by which relativistic effects modify the apparent luminosity of emitting matter that is moving at speeds close to the speed of light . In an astronomical context, relativistic beaming commonly oc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativistic_beaming |
In general relativity , the relativistic disk expression refers to a class of axi-symmetric self-consistent solutions to Einstein's field equations corresponding to the gravitational field generated by axi-symmetric isolated sources. To find such solutions, one has to pose correctly and solve together the ‘outer’ probl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativistic_disk |
For classical dynamics at relativistic speeds, see relativistic mechanics .
Relativistic dynamics refers to a combination of relativistic and quantum concepts to describe the relationships between the motion and properties of a relativistic system and the forces acting on the system. What distinguishes relativistic dy... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativistic_dynamics |
Relativistic electron beams are streams of electrons moving at relativistic speeds. They are the lasing medium in free electron lasers to be used in atmospheric research conducted at entities such as the Pan-oceanic Environmental and Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL) at the University of Hawaii and NASA . It has ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativistic_electron_beam |
Relativistic heat conduction refers to the modelling of heat conduction (and similar diffusion processes) in a way compatible with special relativity . In special (and general ) relativity, the usual heat equation for non-relativistic heat conduction must be modified, as it leads to faster-than-light signal propagation... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativistic_heat_conduction |
In physics , relativistic mechanics refers to mechanics compatible with special relativity (SR) and general relativity (GR). It provides a non- quantum mechanical description of a system of particles, or of a fluid , in cases where the velocities of moving objects are comparable to the speed of light c . As a result, c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativistic_mechanics |
In particle physics , a relativistic particle is an elementary particle with kinetic energy greater than or equal to its rest-mass energy given by Einstein's relation, E = m 0 c 2 {\displaystyle E=m_{0}c^{2}} , or specifically, of which the velocity is comparable to the speed of light c {\displaystyle c} . [ 1 ]
This ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativistic_particle |
Relativistic plasmas in physics are plasmas for which relativistic corrections to a particle's mass and velocity are important. Such corrections typically become important when a significant number of electrons reach speeds greater than 0.86 c ( Lorentz factor γ {\displaystyle \gamma } =2).
Such plasmas may be created... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativistic_plasma |
Relativistic quantum chemistry combines relativistic mechanics with quantum chemistry to calculate elemental properties and structure, especially for the heavier elements of the periodic table . A prominent example is an explanation for the color of gold : due to relativistic effects, it is not silvery like most other ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativistic_quantum_chemistry |
In physics , relativistic quantum mechanics ( RQM ) is any Poincaré - covariant formulation of quantum mechanics (QM). This theory is applicable to massive particles propagating at all velocities up to those comparable to the speed of light c , and can accommodate massless particles . The theory has application in high... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativistic_quantum_mechanics |
A relativistic runaway electron avalanche ( RREA ) is an avalanche growth of a population of relativistic electrons driven through a material (typically air) by an electric field. RREA has been hypothesized to be related to lightning initiation, [ 1 ] terrestrial gamma-ray flashes , [ 2 ] sprite lightning , [ 3 ] and s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativistic_runaway_electron_avalanche |
A relativistic star is a rotating star whose behavior is well described by general relativity , but not by classical mechanics . The first such object to be identified was radio pulsars , which consist of rotating neutron stars . Rotating supermassive stars are a hypothetical form of a relativistic star. [ 3 ] Relativi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativistic_star |
In mathematics, a non-autonomous system of ordinary differential equations is defined to be a dynamic equation on a smooth fiber bundle Q → R {\displaystyle Q\to \mathbb {R} } over R {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} } . For instance, this is the case of non-relativistic non-autonomous mechanics , but not relativistic mechani... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativistic_system_(mathematics) |
In physics , specifically relativistic quantum mechanics (RQM) and its applications to particle physics , relativistic wave equations predict the behavior of particles at high energies and velocities comparable to the speed of light . In the context of quantum field theory (QFT), the equations determine the dynamics of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativistic_wave_equations |
Albert Einstein presented the theories of special relativity and general relativity in publications that either contained no formal references to previous literature, or referred only to a small number of his predecessors for fundamental results on which he based his theories, most notably to the work of Henri Poincaré... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativity_priority_dispute |
A relaxase is a single-strand DNA transesterase enzyme produced by some prokaryotes and viruses . Relaxases are responsible for site- and strand-specific nicks in unwound double-stranded DNA . Known relaxases belong to the rolling circle replication (RCR) initiator superfamily of enzymes and fall into two broad classes... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relaxase |
In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), an observable nuclear spin polarization ( magnetization ) is created by a homogeneous magnetic field. This field makes the magnetic dipole moments of the sample precess at the resonance ( Larmor ) frequency of the nuclei. At thermal ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relaxation_(NMR) |
In the physical sciences, relaxation usually means the return of a perturbed system into equilibrium .
Each relaxation process can be categorized by a relaxation time τ . The simplest theoretical description of relaxation as function of time t is an exponential law exp(− t / τ ) ( exponential decay ).
Let the homogene... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relaxation_(physics) |
Relaxometry refers to the study and/or measurement of relaxation variables in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Magnetic Resonance Imaging . Often referred to as Time-Domain NMR. In NMR , nuclear magnetic moments are used to measure specific physical and chemical properties of materials.
Relaxation of the nuclear spin sy... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relaxometry |
Relaxor ferroelectrics are ferroelectric materials that exhibit high electrostriction . As of 2015 [update] , although they have been studied for over fifty years, [ 1 ] the mechanism for this effect is still not completely understood, and is the subject of continuing research. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ]
Examples of rela... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relaxor_ferroelectric |
The relaxosome is the complex of proteins that facilitates plasmid transfer during bacterial conjugation . The proteins are encoded by the tra operon on a fertility plasmid in the region near the origin of transfer, oriT . The most important of these proteins is relaxase , which is responsible for beginning the conju... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relaxosome |
A relay attack (also known as the two-thief attack) [ 1 ] in computer security is a type of hacking technique related to man-in-the-middle and replay attacks. In a classic man-in-the-middle attack, an attacker intercepts and manipulates communications between two parties initiated by one of the parties. In a classic ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relay_attack |
In information theory , a relay channel is a probability model of the communication between a sender and a receiver aided by one or more intermediate relay nodes.
A discrete memoryless single-relay channel can be modelled as four finite sets, X 1 , X 2 , Y 1 , {\displaystyle X_{1},X_{2},Y_{1},} and Y {\displaystyle Y}... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relay_channel |
A relay network is a broad class of network topology commonly used in wireless networks , where the source and destination are interconnected by means of some nodes . In such a network the source and destination cannot communicate to each other directly because the distance between the source and destination is greater... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relay_network |
A release agent (also mold release agent, release coating, or mold release coating) is a chemical used to prevent other materials from bonding to surfaces. Release agents aid in processes involving mold release, die-cast release, plastic release, adhesive release, and tire and web release. [ 1 ] Release agents are one ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Release_agent |
A relevant cost (also called avoidable cost or differential cost ) [ 1 ] is a cost that differs between alternatives being considered. [ 2 ] In order for a cost to be a relevant cost it must be:
It is often important for businesses to distinguish between relevant and irrelevant costs when analyzing alternatives becaus... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relevant_cost |
In engineering , reliability, availability, maintainability and safety ( RAMS ) [ 1 ] [ 2 ] is used to characterize a product or system:
This engineering-related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliability,_availability,_maintainability_and_safety |
Reliability, availability and serviceability ( RAS ), also known as reliability, availability, and maintainability ( RAM ), is a computer hardware engineering term involving reliability engineering , high availability , and serviceability design. The phrase was originally used by IBM as a term to describe the robustnes... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliability,_availability_and_serviceability |
Reliability-centered maintenance ( RCM ) is a concept of maintenance planning to ensure that systems continue to do what their users require in their present operating context. [ 1 ] Successful implementation of RCM will lead to increase in cost effectiveness, reliability, machine uptime, and a greater understanding of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliability-centered_maintenance |
In computer networking , a reliable protocol is a communication protocol that notifies the sender whether or not the delivery of data to intended recipients was successful. Reliability is a synonym for assurance , which is the term used by the ITU and ATM Forum , and leads to fault-tolerant messaging .
Reliable protoc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliability_(computer_networking) |
A reliability block diagram (RBD) is a diagrammatic method for showing how component reliability contributes to the success or failure of a redundant system. RBD is also known as a dependence diagram (DD).
An RBD is drawn as a series of blocks connected in parallel or series configuration . Parallel blocks indicate re... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliability_block_diagram |
The reliability theory of aging is an attempt to apply the principles of reliability theory to create a mathematical model of senescence . [ 1 ] The theory was published in Russian by Leonid A. Gavrilov and Natalia S. Gavrilova as Biologiia prodolzhitelʹnosti zhizni in 1986, and in English translation as The Biology of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliability_theory_of_aging_and_longevity |
Reliability engineering is a sub-discipline of systems engineering that emphasizes the ability of equipment to function without failure. Reliability is defined as the probability that a product, system, or service will perform its intended function adequately for a specified period of time, OR will operate in a defined... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliability_verification |
Reliable Data Transfer is a topic in computer networking concerning the transfer of data across unreliable channels. Unreliability is one of the drawbacks of packet switched networks such as the modern internet, as packet loss can occur for a variety of reasons, and delivery of packets is not guaranteed to happen in t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliable_Data_Transfer |
Reliable Internet Stream Transport ( RIST ) is an open-source , open-specification transport protocol designed for reliable transmission of video over lossy networks (including the Internet ) with low latency and high quality. It is currently under development in the Video Services Forum 's "RIST Activity Group." [ 1 ]... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliable_Internet_Stream_Transport |
In computer networking , a reliable protocol is a communication protocol that notifies the sender whether or not the delivery of data to intended recipients was successful. Reliability is a synonym for assurance , which is the term used by the ITU and ATM Forum , and leads to fault-tolerant messaging .
Reliable protoc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliable_messaging |
Reliance Institute of Life Sciences (RILS) , established by Dhirubhai Ambani Foundation, is an institution of higher education in various fields of life sciences and related technologies. [ 1 ] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliance_Institute_of_Life_Sciences |
A relict is a surviving remnant of a natural phenomenon.
A relict (or relic) is an organism that at an earlier time was abundant in a large area but now occurs at only one or a few small areas.
In geology , a relict is a structure or mineral from a parent rock that did not undergo metamorphosis when the surrounding r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relict |
In biogeography and paleontology , a relict is a population or taxon of organisms that was more widespread or more diverse in the past. A relictual population is a population currently inhabiting a restricted area whose range was far wider during a previous geologic epoch . Similarly, a relictual taxon is a taxon (e.g.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relict_(biology) |
Relief Therapeutics is a Swiss biopharmaceutical company based in Geneva . [ 1 ] The company focuses on developing drugs for serious diseases with few or no existing treatment options. Its lead compound, RLF-100 , is a synthetic form of a natural peptide that protects the lung. The company was incorporated as Relief Th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relief_Therapeutics |
A relief valve or pressure relief valve ( PRV ) is a type of safety valve used to control or limit the pressure in a system; excessive pressure might otherwise build up and create a process upset, instrument or equipment failure, explosion, or fire.
Excess pressure is relieved by allowing the pressurized fluid to flo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relief_valve |
The Religious Orders Study conducted at the Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center at Rush University in Chicago is a research project begun in 1994 exploring the effects of aging on the brain . [ 1 ] More than 1,500 nuns , priests, and other religious professionals are participating across the United States. [ 1 ] The study ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_Orders_Study |
In mathematics , the Rellich–Kondrachov theorem is a compact embedding theorem concerning Sobolev spaces . It is named after the Austrian-German mathematician Franz Rellich and the Russian mathematician Vladimir Iosifovich Kondrashov . Rellich proved the L 2 theorem and Kondrashov the L p theorem.
Let Ω ⊆ R n be an o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rellich–Kondrachov_theorem |
A relocatable building is a partially or completely assembled building that was constructed in a building manufacturing facility using a modular construction process. They are designed to be reused or repurposed multiple times and transported to different locations.
Relocatable buildings can offer more flexibility and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relocatable_building |
A relying party (RP) is a computer term used to refer to a server providing access to a secured software application.
Claims-based applications, where a claim is a statement an entity makes about itself in order to establish access, are also called relying party (RP) applications. RPs can also be called “claims aware ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relying_party |
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