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A trans-Neptunian object ( TNO ), also written transneptunian object , [ 1 ] is any minor planet in the Solar System that orbits the Sun at a greater average distance than Neptune , which has an orbital semi-major axis of 30.1 astronomical units (AU).
Typically, TNOs are further divided into the classical and resonant... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans-Neptunian_object |
The Trans-Proteomic Pipeline ( TPP ) is an open-source data analysis software for proteomics developed at the Institute for Systems Biology (ISB) by the Ruedi Aebersold group under the Seattle Proteome Center. The TPP includes PeptideProphet, [ 2 ] ProteinProphet, [ 3 ] ASAPRatio, XPRESS and Libra.
PeptideProphet per... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans-Proteomic_Pipeline |
Trans-Spliced Exon Coupled RNA End Determination (TEC-RED) is a transcriptomic technique that, like SAGE , allows for the digital detection of messenger RNA sequences. Unlike SAGE, detection and purification of transcripts from the 5’ end of the messenger RNA require the presence of a trans-spliced leader sequence.
Sp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans-Spliced_Exon_Coupled_RNA_End_Determination |
In the field of molecular biology , trans -acting ( trans -regulatory, trans -regulation), in general, means "acting from a different molecule" ( i.e. , intermolecular ). It may be considered the opposite of cis -acting ( cis -regulatory, cis -regulation), which, in general, means "acting from the same molecule" ( i.e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans-acting |
Trans-endocytosis is the biological process where material created in one cell undergoes endocytosis (enters) into another cell. If the material is large enough, this can be observed using an electron microscope . [ 1 ] Trans-endocytosis from neurons to glia has been observed using time-lapse microscopy . [ 2 ]
Trans... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans-endocytosis |
Trans-regulatory elements (TRE) are DNA sequences encoding upstream regulators (ie. trans-acting factors ), which may modify or regulate the expression of distant genes. [ 1 ] Trans-acting factors interact with cis-regulatory elements to regulate gene expression. [ 2 ] TRE mediates expression profiles of a large number... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans-regulatory_element |
Trans-spanning ligands are bidentate ligands that can span opposite sites of a complex with square-planar geometry. A wide variety of ligands that chelate in the cis fashion already exist, but very few can link opposite vertices on a coordination polyhedron. Early attempts to generate trans-spanning bidentate ligands r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans-spanning_ligand |
In inorganic chemistry , the trans effect is the increased lability of ligands that are trans to certain other ligands, which can thus be regarded as trans-directing ligands. It is attributed to electronic effects and it is most notable in square planar complexes , although it can also be observed for octahedral comple... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans_effect |
Trans fat is a type of unsaturated fat that occurs in foods. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Small amounts of trans fats occur naturally, but large amounts are found in some processed foods made with partially hydrogenated oils. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Because consumption of trans fats is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular diseases , a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans_fat |
Transaction Processing Management System ( TPMS ) is an online transaction processing superstructure software from ICL (now Fujitsu Services ) that runs on their VME mainframe computers. The first versions were released in the mid-1970s and were sold worldwide.
The service runs in at least two Virtual Machines (VMs)
... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transaction_Processing_Management_System |
In the field of databases in computer science , a transaction log (also transaction journal , database log , binary log or audit trail ) is a history of actions executed by a database management system used to guarantee ACID properties over crashes or hardware failures. Physically, a log is a file listing changes to th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transaction_log |
A transaction processing system ( TPS ) is a software system, or software/ hardware combination, that supports transaction processing .
The first transaction processing system was SABRE , made by IBM for American Airlines , which became operational in 1964. [ 1 ] Designed to process up to 83,000 transactions a day, th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transaction_processing_system |
The transactional interpretation of quantum mechanics ( TIQM ) takes the wave function of the standard quantum formalism , and its complex conjugate, to be retarded (forward in time) and advanced (backward in time) waves that form a quantum interaction as a Wheeler–Feynman handshake or transaction. It was first propose... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transactional_interpretation |
In a very generic sense, the term transactions per second (TPS) refers to the number of atomic actions performed by certain entity per second. In a more restricted view, the term is usually used by the DBMS vendor and user community to refer to the number of database transactions performed per second. Transactions per ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transactions_per_second |
In the context of gene regulation: transactivation is the increased rate of gene expression triggered either by biological processes or by artificial means, through the expression of an intermediate transactivator protein.
In the context of receptor signaling, transactivation occurs when one or more receptors activate... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transactivation |
Transamidation is a chemical reaction in which an amide reacts with an amine to generate a new amide:
The reaction is typically very slow, but it can be accelerated with Lewis acid [ 1 ] and organometallic catalysts . [ 2 ] Primary amides (RC(O)NH 2 ) are more amenable to this reaction.
In contrast to the reluctance ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transamidation |
In organic chemistry , transamidification is the process of exchanging the subunits of a peptide , amide or ester compound with another amine or fatty acid to produce a new amide or peptide. The process has been used for the production of emulsifiers and dispersing agents [ 1 ] and oil drilling fluids. [ 2 ]
This orga... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transamidification |
Transamination is a chemical reaction that transfers an amino group to a ketoacid to form new amino acids.This pathway is responsible for the deamination of most amino acids. This is one of the major degradation pathways which convert essential amino acids to non-essential amino acids (amino acids that can be synthesiz... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transamination |
The Transcaspian Canal ( Russian : Транскаспийский канал ) was a proposed canal to divert the Amu Darya River from the Aral Sea and into the Caspian Sea . It was first proposed by Tsarist engineers and later considered by Soviet officials. Proponents argued that the project would return the Amu Darya into its supposed ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcaspian_Canal |
In cell biology , extracellular fluid ( ECF ) denotes all body fluid outside the cells of any multicellular organism . Total body water in healthy adults is about 50–60% (range 45 to 75%) of total body weight; [ 1 ] women and the obese typically have a lower percentage than lean men. [ 2 ] Extracellular fluid makes up ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcellular_fluid |
Transcellular transport involves the transportation of solutes by a cell through a cell. [ 1 ] Transcellular transport can occur in three different ways active transport, passive transport, and transcytosis.
Active transport is the process of moving molecules from an area of low concentrations to an area of high conce... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcellular_transport |
Transcendental anatomy , also known as philosophical anatomy , was a form of comparative anatomy that sought to find ideal patterns and structures common to all organisms in nature. [ 1 ] The term originated from naturalist philosophy in the German provinces, and culminated in Britain especially by scholars Robert Knox... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcendental_anatomy |
A transcendental argument is a kind of deductive argument that appeals to the necessary conditions that make experience and knowledge possible . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Transcendental arguments may have additional standards of justification which are more demanding than those of traditional deductive arguments. [ 3 ] The philosoph... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcendental_argument |
In applied mathematics , a transcendental equation is an equation over the real (or complex ) numbers that is not algebraic , that is, if at least one of its sides describes a transcendental function . [ 1 ] Examples include:
A transcendental equation need not be an equation between elementary functions , although mos... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcendental_equation |
In mathematics, the transcendental law of homogeneity ( TLH ) is a heuristic principle enunciated by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz most clearly in a 1710 text entitled Symbolismus memorabilis calculi algebraici et infinitesimalis in comparatione potentiarum et differentiarum, et de lege homogeneorum transcendentali . [ 1 ]... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcendental_law_of_homogeneity |
In mathematics , a transcendental number is a real or complex number that is not algebraic : that is, not the root of a non-zero polynomial with integer (or, equivalently, rational ) coefficients . The best-known transcendental numbers are π and e . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The quality of a number being transcendental is called tra... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcendental_number |
In a telecommunication network Transcoder free operation , or TrFO, also known as Out of band transcoder control is the concept of removing transcoding function in a call path. In legacy GSM networks a call between two mobile stations involved two transcoding functions, one at each BSC . This transcoding functionality ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcoder_free_operation |
Transcripts of unknown function (TUFs) is the name that has been suggested for known RNA transcripts of DNA whose function is unclear. Most are probably ncRNAs , such as RNAi or snoRNAs , but could also represent a whole new class of ncRNA. [ 1 ] Their DNA sequences reside in the intergenic or intronic regions of the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcript_of_unknown_function |
Transcription-mediated amplification ( TMA ) is an isothermal (performed at constant temperature), single-tube nucleic acid amplification system utilizing two enzymes , RNA polymerase and reverse transcriptase .
"Amplification" means creating many more copies of a strand of nucleic acid than was present at first, in o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription-mediated_amplification |
Transcription-translation coupling is a mechanism of gene expression regulation in which synthesis of an mRNA ( transcription ) is affected by its concurrent decoding ( translation ). In prokaryotes , mRNAs are translated while they are transcribed. This allows communication between RNA polymerase , the multisubunit en... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription-translation_coupling |
Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA for the purpose of gene expression . Some segments of DNA are transcribed into RNA molecules that can encode proteins , called messenger RNA (mRNA). Other segments of DNA are transcribed into RNA molecules called non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs).
Both DNA and R... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_(biology) |
TAL ( transcription activator-like ) effectors (often referred to as TALEs , but not to be confused with the t hree a mino acid l oop e xtension homeobox class of proteins) are proteins secreted by some β- and γ-proteobacteria . [ 1 ] Most of these are Xanthomonads . Plant pathogenic Xanthomonas bacteria are especially... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_activator-like_effector |
Transcription activator-like effector nucleases ( TALEN ) are restriction enzymes that can be engineered to cut specific sequences of DNA. They are made by fusing a TAL effector DNA-binding domain to a DNA cleavage domain (a nuclease which cuts DNA strands). Transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) can be enginee... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_activator-like_effector_nuclease |
A transcription bubble is a molecular structure formed during the initialization of DNA transcription , when a limited portion of the DNA double helix is unwound, providing enough space for RNA polymerase (RNAP) to bind to the template strand and begin RNA synthesis. The transcription bubble size is usually 12 to 14 ba... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_bubble |
In molecular biology and genetics , transcription coregulators are proteins that interact with transcription factors to either activate or repress the transcription of specific genes. [ 1 ] Transcription coregulators that activate gene transcription are referred to as coactivators while those that repress are known as ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_coregulator |
In molecular biology , a transcription factor ( TF ) (or sequence-specific DNA-binding factor ) is a protein that controls the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA , by binding to a specific DNA sequence . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The function of TFs is to regulate—turn on and off—genes in order to... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_factor |
Transcription factor TF II A is a nuclear protein involved in the RNA polymerase II -dependent transcription of DNA . [ 1 ] TF II A is one of several general (basal) transcription factors ( GTFs ) that are required for all transcription events that use RNA polymerase II. Other GTFs include TF II D , a complex composed... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_factor_II_A |
1C9B , 1DL6 , 1RLY , 1RO4 , 1TFB , 1VOL , 2PHG , 5IY7 , 5IYA , 5IY6 , 5IY9 , 5IYB , 5IYD , 5IY8 , 5IYC
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Transcription factor II B ( TFIIB ) is a general transcription factor that is involved in the formation o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_factor_II_B |
Transcription factor II D ( TF II D ) is one of several general transcription factors that make up the RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex . RNA polymerase II holoenzyme is a form of eukaryotic RNA polymerase II that is recruited to the promoters of protein -coding genes in living cells. It consists of RNA polymera... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_factor_II_D |
Transcription factor II E ( TF II E ) is one of several general transcription factors that make up the RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex . [ 1 ] It is a tetramer of two alpha and two beta chains and interacts with TAF6/TAFII80, ATF7IP, and varicella-zoster virus IE63 protein. [ 2 ]
TF II E recruits TF II H to th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_factor_II_E |
Transcription factor II F ( TF II F ) is one of several general transcription factors that make up the RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ]
TF II F is encoded by the GTF2F1 , GTF2F2 , and GTF2F2L genes. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ]
TF II F binds to RNA polymerase II when the enzyme is already unbound to a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_factor_II_F |
Transcription factor II H ( TF II H ) is an important protein complex , having roles in transcription of various protein-coding genes and DNA nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathways. TF II H first came to light in 1989 when general transcription factor-δ or basic transcription factor 2 was characterized as an indispe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_factor_II_H |
Transcription factors are proteins that bind genomic regulatory sites. Identification of genomic regulatory elements is essential for understanding the dynamics of developmental, physiological and pathological processes. Recent advances in chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing ( ChIP-seq ) have provided ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_factor_binding_site_databases |
Transcription factories , in genetics describe the discrete sites where transcription occurs in the cell nucleus , and are an example of a biomolecular condensate . They were first discovered in 1993 and have been found to have structures analogous to replication factories, sites where replication also occurs in discre... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_factory |
The preinitiation complex (abbreviated PIC ) is a complex of approximately 100 proteins that is necessary for the transcription of protein-coding genes in eukaryotes and archaea . The preinitiation complex positions RNA polymerase II (Pol II) at gene transcription start sites , denatures the DNA , and positions the DN... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_preinitiation_complex |
Transcription-translation feedback loop ( TTFL ) is a cellular model for explaining circadian rhythms in behavior and physiology . Widely conserved across species, the TTFL is auto-regulatory, in which transcription of clock genes is regulated by their own protein products.
Circadian rhythms have been documented for c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_translation_feedback_loop |
Transcriptional adaptation is a recently described type of genetic compensation by which a mutation in one gene leads to the transcriptional modulation of related genes, termed adapting genes or modifiers. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcriptional_adaptation |
In genetics , transcriptional amplification is the process in which the total amount of messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules from expressed genes is increased during disease, development , or in response to stimuli.
In eukaryotic cells, the transcribing activity of RNA Polymerase II results in mRNA production. Transcription... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcriptional_amplification |
Transcriptional bursting , also known as transcriptional pulsing , is a fundamental property of genes in which transcription from DNA to RNA can occur in "bursts" or "pulses", which has been observed in diverse organisms, from bacteria to mammals. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ]
This phenomenon came to light with the ad... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcriptional_bursting |
Transcriptional memory is a biological phenomenon, initially discovered in yeast, [ 1 ] during which cells primed with a particular cue show increased rates of gene expression after re-stimulation at a later time. This event was shown to take place: in yeast during growth in galactose [ 1 ] [ 2 ] and inositol starvatio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcriptional_memory |
Transcriptional noise is a primary cause of the variability ( noise ) in gene expression occurring between cells in isogenic populations (see also cellular noise ) . [ 1 ] A proposed source of transcriptional noise is transcriptional bursting [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] although other sources of heterogeneity, such as unequal se... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcriptional_noise |
In molecular biology and genetics , transcriptional regulation is the means by which a cell regulates the conversion of DNA to RNA ( transcription ), thereby orchestrating gene activity . A single gene can be regulated in a range of ways, from altering the number of copies of RNA that are transcribed, to the temporal c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcriptional_regulation |
The transcriptome is the set of all RNA transcripts, including coding and non-coding , in an individual or a population of cells . The term can also sometimes be used to refer to all RNAs , or just mRNA , depending on the particular experiment. The term transcriptome is a portmanteau of the words transcript and genome ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcriptome |
Transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) is a genetic methodology that can be used to compare the genetic components of gene expression and the genetic components of a trait to determine if an association is present between the two components. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] TWAS are useful for the identification and prioritization of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcriptome-wide_association_study |
A transcriptome in vivo analysis tag ( TIVA tag ) is a multifunctional, photoactivatable mRNA -capture molecule designed for isolating mRNA from a single cell in complex tissues .
A transcript is an RNA molecule that is copied or transcribed from a DNA template. A transcript can be further processed by alternative spl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcriptome_in_vivo_analysis_tag |
Transcriptome instability is a genome -wide, pre-mRNA splicing -related characteristic of certain cancers . In general, pre-mRNA splicing is dysregulated in a high proportion of cancerous cells . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] For certain types of cancer, like in colorectal and prostate , the number of splicing errors per cancer ha... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcriptome_instability |
A transcriptor is a transistor -like device composed of DNA and RNA rather than a semiconducting material such as silicon . Prior to its invention in 2013, the transcriptor was considered an important component to build biological computers . [ 1 ]
To function, a modern computer needs three different capabilities: I... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcriptor |
A transcritical cycle is a closed thermodynamic cycle where the working fluid goes through both subcritical and supercritical states. In particular, for power cycles the working fluid is kept in the liquid region during the compression phase and in vapour and/or supercritical conditions during the expansion phase. The ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcritical_cycle |
Transcytosis (also known as cytopempsis ) [ 1 ] is a type of transcellular transport in which various macromolecules are transported across the interior of a cell . Macromolecules are captured in vesicles on one side of the cell, drawn across the cell, and ejected on the other side. Examples of macromolecules transport... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcytosis |
Transdetermination is a concept in developmental biology to describe the process by which pluripotent stem cells change their fate from becoming one kind of specialized cell lineage to a different lineage. It is contrasted to transdifferentiation where a differentiated cell switches to another lineage without intermedi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transdetermination |
Transdifferentiation , also known as lineage reprogramming , [ 1 ] is the process in which one mature somatic cell is transformed into another mature somatic cell without undergoing an intermediate pluripotent state or progenitor cell type. [ 2 ] It is a type of metaplasia , which includes all cell fate switches, inclu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transdifferentiation |
In biophysics , transduction is the conveyance of energy from one electron (a donor) to another (a receptor), at the same time that the class of energy changes.
Photonic energy, the kinetic energy of a photon , may follow the following paths:
This biophysics -related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transduction_(biophysics) |
Transduction is the process by which foreign DNA is introduced into a cell by a virus or viral vector . [ 1 ] An example is the viral transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another and hence an example of horizontal gene transfer . [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ page needed ] Transduction does not require physical contact between the ce... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transduction_(genetics) |
In physiology , transduction is the translation of arriving stimulus into an action potential by a sensory receptor. It begins when stimulus changes the membrane potential of a sensory receptor .
A sensory receptor converts the energy in a stimulus into an electrical signal. [ 1 ] Receptors are broadly split into two ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transduction_(physiology) |
A transect is a path along which one counts and records occurrences of the objects of study (e.g. plants). [ citation needed ]
It requires an observer to move along a fixed path and to count occurrences along the path and, at the same time (in some procedures), obtain the distance of the object from the path. This res... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transect |
Transfection is the process of deliberately introducing naked or purified nucleic acids into eukaryotic cells . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It may also refer to other methods and cell types, although other terms are often preferred: " transformation " is typically used to describe non-viral DNA transfer in bacteria and non-animal euka... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfection |
In statistical mechanics , the transfer-matrix method is a mathematical technique which is used to write the partition function into a simpler form. It was introduced in 1941 by Hans Kramers and Gregory Wannier . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In many one dimensional lattice models , the partition function is first written as an n -fold ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer-matrix_method_(statistical_mechanics) |
The transfer DNA (abbreviated T-DNA ) is the transferred DNA of the tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmid of some species of bacteria such as Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Agrobacterium rhizogenes (actually an Ri plasmid) . The T-DNA is transferred from bacterium into the host plant's nuclear DNA genome . [ 1 ] The capability of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_DNA |
A transfer DNA ( T-DNA ) binary system is a pair of plasmids consisting of a T-DNA binary vector and a vir helper plasmid. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The two plasmids are used together (thus binary [ 2 ] [ 3 ] ) to produce genetically modified plants . They are artificial vectors that have been derived from the naturally occurring Ti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_DNA_binary_system |
Transfer RNA-like structures ( tRNA-like structures ) are RNA sequences, which have a similar tertiary structure to tRNA; they frequently contain a pseudoknot close to the 3' end . [ 1 ] The presence of tRNA-like structures has been demonstrated in many plant virus RNA genomes . These tRNA-like structures are linked to... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_RNA-like_structures |
Transfer entropy is a non-parametric statistic measuring the amount of directed (time-asymmetric) transfer of information between two random processes . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Transfer entropy from a process X to another process Y is the amount of uncertainty reduced in future values of Y by knowing the past values of X giv... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_entropy |
In chemistry , transfer hydrogenation is a chemical reaction involving the addition of hydrogen to a compound from a source other than molecular H 2 . It is applied in laboratory and industrial organic synthesis to saturate organic compounds and reduce ketones to alcohols , and imines to amines . It avoids the need for... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_hydrogenation |
In model theory , a transfer principle states that all statements of some language that are true for some structure are true for another structure. One of the first examples was the Lefschetz principle , which states that any sentence in the first-order language of fields that is true for the complex numbers is also tr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_principle |
In chemistry , transferability is the assumption that a chemical property that is associated with an atom or a functional group in a molecule will have a similar (but not identical) value in a variety of different circumstances. [ 1 ] Examples of transferable properties include:
Transferable properties are distinguish... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transferability_(chemistry) |
Transferable utility is a concept in cooperative game theory and in economics . Utility is transferable if one player can losslessly transfer part of its utility to another player. Such transfers are possible if the players have a common currency that is valued equally by all. Note that being able to transfer cash payo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transferable_utility |
The names for the chemical elements 104 to 106 were the subject of a major controversy starting in the 1960s, described by some nuclear chemists as the Transfermium Wars [ 1 ] [ 2 ] because it concerned the elements following fermium (element 100) on the periodic table .
This controversy arose from disputes between Am... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfermium_Wars |
4X1D , 1A8E , 1A8F , 1B3E , 1BP5 , 1BTJ , 1D3K , 1D4N , 1DTG , 1FQE , 1FQF , 1JQF , 1N7W , 1N7X , 1N84 , 1OQG , 1OQH , 1RYO , 1SUV , 2HAU , 2HAV , 2O7U , 2O84 , 3FGS , 3QYT , 3S9L , 3S9M , 3S9N , 3SKP , 3V83 , 3V89 , 3V8X , 3VE1 , 4H0W , 4X1B , 5DYH
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NM_... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transferrin |
In computer technology, transfers per second and its more common secondary terms gigatransfers per second (abbreviated as GT/s ) and megatransfers per second ( MT/s ) are informal language that refer to the number of operations transferring data that occur in each second in some given data-transfer channel . It is also... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfers_per_second |
Transfersome is a proprietary drug delivery technology, an artificial vesicle designed to exhibit the characteristics of a cell vesicle suitable for controlled and potentially targeted drug delivery . Some evidence has shown efficacy for its use for drug delivery without causing skin irritation, [ 1 ] potentially being... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfersome |
A transfluxor was a specialised type of magnetic core memory element in which each core had two holes, one for writing and another for reading. It had the unusual property that a core's state could be read without erasing it. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In addition to binary data, transfluxors could also store analog values, with no n... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfluxor |
In broad terms, transformation design is a human-centered , interdisciplinary process that seeks to create desirable and sustainable changes in behavior and form – of individuals, systems and organizations. It is a multi-stage, iterative process of applying design principles to large and complex systems.
Its practitio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformation_design |
Transformation efficiency refers to the ability of a cell to take up and incorporate exogenous DNA, such as plasmids , during a process called transformation . The efficiency of transformation is typically measured as the number of transformants (cells that have taken up the exogenous DNA ) per microgram of DNA added t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformation_efficiency |
In mathematics , transformation geometry (or transformational geometry ) is the name of a mathematical and pedagogic take on the study of geometry by focusing on groups of geometric transformations , and properties that are invariant under them. It is opposed to the classical synthetic geometry approach of Euclidean g... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformation_geometry |
In linear algebra , linear transformations can be represented by matrices . If T {\displaystyle T} is a linear transformation mapping R n {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{n}} to R m {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{m}} and x {\displaystyle \mathbf {x} } is a column vector with n {\displaystyle n} entries, then there exists an ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformation_matrix |
Transformation optics is a branch of optics which applies metamaterials to produce spatial variations, derived from coordinate transformations , which can direct chosen bandwidths of electromagnetic radiation . This can allow for the construction of new composite artificial devices , which probably could not exist with... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformation_optics |
Transformed cladistics , also known as pattern cladistics is an epistemological approach to the cladistic method of phylogenetic inference and classification that makes no a priori assumptions about common ancestry . It was advocated by Norman Platnick , Colin Patterson , Ronald Brady and others in the 1980s, but has f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformed_cladistics |
In electrical engineering , a transformer is a passive component that transfers electrical energy from one electrical circuit to another circuit, or multiple circuits . A varying current in any coil of the transformer produces a varying magnetic flux in the transformer's core, which induces a varying electromotive forc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformer |
Transformer oil or insulating oil is an oil that is stable at high temperatures and has excellent electrical insulating properties. It is used in oil-filled wet transformers, [ 1 ] some types of high-voltage capacitors , fluorescent lamp ballasts , and some types of high-voltage switches and circuit breakers. It functi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformer_oil |
The transformer ratio arm bridge or TRA bridge is a type of bridge circuit for measuring electronic components, using a.c. It can be designed to work in terms of either impedance or admittance . It can be used on resistors, capacitors and inductors, measuring minor as well as major terms, e.g. series resistance in capa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformer_ratio_arm_bridge |
The transformer utilization factor (TUF) of a rectifier circuit is defined as the ratio of the DC power available at the load resistor to the AC rating of the secondary coil of a transformer . [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
T . U . F = P o d c V A r a t i n g o f t r a n s f o r m e r {\displaystyle T.U.F={\frac {P_{odc}}{VA\ rating\ of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformer_utilization_factor |
Transforming growth factor ( [ attribution needed ] , or TGF ) is used to describe two classes of polypeptide growth factors , TGFα and TGFβ .
The name "Transforming Growth Factor" is somewhat arbitrary, since the two classes of TGFs are not structurally or genetically related to one another, and they act through diff... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transforming_growth_factor |
A transgene is a gene that has been transferred naturally, or by any of a number of genetic engineering techniques, from one organism to another. The introduction of a transgene, in a process known as transgenesis , has the potential to change the phenotype of an organism. Transgene describes a segment of DNA containin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transgene |
Transgene S.A. is a French biotechnology company founded in 1979. It is based in Illkirch-Graffenstaden , near Strasbourg , Alsace . The company develops and manufactures immunotherapies for the treatment of cancer. Based on viral vectors, these therapies stimulate the immune defenses of patients to specifically target... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transgene_(company) |
Cnidarians such as Hydra have become attractive model organisms to study the evolution of immunity . However, despite long-term efforts, stably transgenic animals could not be generated, severely limiting the functional analysis of genes . For analytical purposes, therefore, an important technical breakthrough in the f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transgenic_hydra |
Transgranular fracture is a type of fracture that occurs through the crystal grains of a material. In contrast to intergranular fractures , which occur when a fracture follows the grain boundaries, this type of fracture traverses the material's microstructure directly through individual grains. This type of fracture ty... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transgranular_fracture |
In algebraic topology, a transgression map is a way to transfer cohomology classes.
It occurs, for example in the inflation-restriction exact sequence in group cohomology , and in integration in fibers . It also naturally arises in many spectral sequences ; see spectral sequence#Edge maps and transgressions .
The tran... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transgression_map |
In genetics, transgressive segregation is the formation of extreme phenotypes , or transgressive phenotypes, observed in segregated hybrid populations compared to phenotypes observed in the parental lines. [ 1 ] The appearance of these transgressive (extreme) phenotypes can be either positive or negative in terms of fi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transgressive_segregation |
Transhalogenation is a substitution reaction in which the halide of a halide compound is exchanged for another halide. [ 1 ]
A common method is halide metathesis. An example is the conversion of alkyl chloride into alkyl fluoride :
This kind of reaction is called Finkelstein reaction . [ 2 ] However, it is also possi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transhalogenation |
In nuclear physics , transient equilibrium is a situation in which equilibrium is reached by a parent-daughter radioactive isotope pair where the half-life of the daughter is shorter than the half-life of the parent. Contrary to secular equilibrium , the half-life of the daughter is not negligible compared to parent's ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transient_equilibrium |
Transient expression , more frequently referred to " transient gene expression ", is the temporary expression of genes that are expressed for a short time after nucleic acid , most frequently plasmid DNA encoding an expression cassette , has been introduced into eukaryotic cells with a chemical delivery agent like calc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transient_expression |
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