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Page:Cassell's Illustrated History of England vol 3.djvu/296
282 charmed with it, and flattered themselves that at length they saw a prospect of ending all troubles; but they were quickly undeceived, and struck down in dumb astonishment by Charles rejecting them.
Carisbrook Castle, Isle of Wight.
Charles was still the same man; he was at the same moment secretly listening to the overtures of the Scotch commissioners, who were jealous of the army, and instead of seizing the opportunity to be once more a king, and a powerful and beloved king, he was flattering himself with the old idea that he would bring the two great factions "to extirpate each other." Sir John Berkeley, his earnest adviser, says, "What with having so concurring a second as Mr. Ashburnham, and what with the encouraging messages of lord Lauderdale and others from the presbyterian party and the city of London, who pretended to despise the army, and to oppose them to death, his majesty seemed very much elated; inasmuch that when the proposals were solemnly sent to him, and his concurrence most humbly and earnestly desired, his majesty, not only to the astonishment of Ireton and the rest, but even to mine, entertained them with very tart and bitter discourses, saying sometimes that he would have no man suffer for his sake, and that he repented of nothing so much as the bill against the lord Strafford—which, though most true, was unpleasant for them to hear; that he would have the church established according to law, by the proposals. They replied it was none of their work to do it; that it was enough for them to waive the point, and they hoped enough for his majesty, since he had waived the government of the church in Scotland. His majesty said that he hoped God had forgiven him that sin, and repeated often, You cannot be without me; you will fall to ruin if I do not sustain you!"
It was still the old man! the old intolerable, incorrigible talk. He could not give up a single proposition to save all the rest, his life, his family, his crown, and kingdom. The officers looked at one another in amazement; the king's friends in consternation. Sir John Berkeley whispered in his ear, that his majesty seemed to have some secret strength that they did not know of; on which Charles seemed to recollect himself, and spoke more softly; but it was too late, for colonel Rainsborough, who was least inclined for the pacification, rode to the army, and made known the king's obstinacy. The agitators rushed together in crowds, and, excessively chagrined at the rejection of such terms, burst into the bed-chamber of lord Lauderdale, whom they suspected of having thus perverted the king's mind, and compelled him, spite of his standing in his position as commissioner from the states of Scotland, to rise, and get off back again to the capital.
At this crisis, the alarm at the proceedings in London, | WIKI |
Reference
RxJS
RxJS
of
of is used to emit arguments as values in a sequence and then complete the stream.
Unlike from, it does not do any flattening or conversion and emits each argument as the same type it receives as arguments. If you pass it an Array (including array-like objects), a Promise and an iterable object it won’t be flattened into an observable sequence of values. Those arguments will be emitted as the same type, i.e. an Array, a Promise or an Iterable object without any conversion.
If you need to emit items asynchronously, the operator takes a scheduler as the second argument.
of operator works in the following way:
1. Create an observable instance
2. Take the next argument in queue and send it to the observer
3. When there are no more values in the data source, send the complete notification to the observer
The following diagram demonstrates this sequence of steps:
Progress: NaN%
Usage
Link to this section
of is commonly used when you simply need to return a value where an observable is expected or start an observable chain. This is a common need when using combination operators like mergeMap. Here’s an example that checks if there’s a cached value for the URL and if so, returns the value immediately, otherwise it makes a request:
<>Copy
from(urls).pipe( mergeMap((url) => { const cached = cache[url]; // here we use `of` to create an observable from a plain value if (cached) return of(cached); return fromFetch(url).pipe(switchMap(response => response.json())); }) ).subscribe((value) => console.log(value));
Check this section to learn how mergeMap operator works.
Playground
Link to this section
Additional resources
Link to this section
See also
Link to this section
Next
Introduction | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Carceri (band)
Carceri is a Dutch death metal band from Delft, Netherlands, formed in 2000. The band comprises vocalist Kees de Vlieger, guitarist Ivar Useinov and Yoram Danneleit, bassist Rogier van Kleef and drummer Josha Nuis. Carceri released a debut album, The Good Must Suffer The Wicked, in 2011 via Armada Productions. In 2012 the band played at Neurotic Deathfest and toured as opening act on the Reborn of Death 2012 tour with Suffocation, Blood Red Throne, Cattle Decapitation, Sadist and Cerebral Bore in the UK, Ireland and France.
History
Carceri formed in 2000 in Delft, Netherlands. In 2003, the band released a self-titled demo containing 5 tracks recorded at Excess Studio's in Rotterdam.
Musical style
Metalrage.com commented, of the band's debut album, "Carceri started with playing death metal in the nineties, recorded one demo and finally released their first album in 2011. What you get is top notch technical death metal, the brutal way. Without triggers the band gives us eight songs that are full of creativity, awesome metal solos and brutal blast beats."
Members
* Kees de Vlieger – vocals (1999–present)
* Ivar Useinov – guitars (1999–present)
* Yoram Danneleit – guitars (2012–present)
* Rogier van Kleef – bass guitar (1999–present)
* Josha Nuis – drums (1999–present)
Past members
* Vincent de Corte – guitars (1999–2012)
Discography
* The Good Must Suffer The Wicked (2011) | WIKI |
Talk:Davor Džalto
Vanity Page
This does seem like a questionable page. His links and references don't suggest to me that he deserves a wikipedia page more than any number of professors and academics around the world. The fact that some famous institute mentions his name does not, per se, indicate "importance". If this were the case, then anyone who happens to have given a seminar at some famous university would deserve a wiki page, IMHO. BTW, I noticed he is a visiting scholar at Indiana U., whose citation about him doesn't suggest special notoriety. (I should point out that I don't know him, or his work, but just found it odd that he was linked from a page about creativity.) I'd suggest removal, unless better cited evidence can be provided.<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:42, 8 August 2009 (UTC)
I'm not convinced this page meets the criteria for wikipedia. External links ether dont work or show personal web galleries of this man. Also brief Google search offers just a few links about him. 11:47, 17 April 2007
I'm not convinced this page meets the criteria for continued inclusion in wikipedia. If anyone feels it's not just a vanity page, please could you cite some references to show the subject's importance. Thanks! Roddyp 10:04, 21 November 2005 (UTC)
* I find 11 references in Google, only 1 of those to Wikipedia. Includes a website created by the subject, according to the summary info in Google
* Based on the content of the article, the person in question does seem significant. Thus, unless the accuracy of the article is disputed, it doesn't appear to be a vanity page. KHenriksson 01:15, 5 December 2005 (UTC)
* I removed the notice. I don't think this qualifies as a vanity page. NickelShoe 19:51, 9 December 2005 (UTC)
beyond Google references, the subject 'Davor Dzalto' can be found in european libriries, newspapers and magazines with reference: art, art history, philosophy and orthodox theology. Dzalto appears in the major exhibitions of the region.
Honestly, I don’t see any reason to question the article. Even a brief Google search offers links to important contemporary art institutions that contain reference to Davor Dzalto. Check www.flexibleart.net, www.skc.org.yu, www.kunstgeschichte.uni-freiburg.de , www.creemaginet.com , www.veraznanjemir.bos.org.yu , www.ulus.org.yu , www.belef.org , www.lmb.informatik.uni-freiburg.de , www.accea.info... + international organization as Pax Christi – www.paxchristi.net , faculties and official government presentation www.bg.ac.yu/university , www.mps.sr.gov.yu and, finally, sr.wikipedia! where no one questioned it as a vanity page. whitewood 22:57, 7 January 2006
The issue seems to be clarified long time ago, and in the meantime many more credible sources have been cited, so it really seems to me that somebody questions now the content of the page for no apparent reason, except maybe personal dislike. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:52, 23 March 2015 (UTC)
I got to this page following the links from other articles, and I must say that the note at the beginning of the article creates serious prejudices about the article that are, I think, completely unjustifiable. The subject of the article and the article itself are devalued this way without any justifiable reasons. I suggest the note be removed. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:18, 25 March 2015 (UTC)
External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,
I have just modified 5 external links on Davor Džalto. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070610152503/http://www.dissertation.de/index.php3?active_document=katalog_fach.php3%3Fziel%3D1 to http://www.dissertation.de/index.php3?active_document=katalog_fach.php3%3Fziel%3D1
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110813065152/http://ccc.org.rs/ to http://ccc.org.rs/
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090216190557/http://www.blic.rs/stara_arhiva/arhiva/2007-01-20/strane/najmocniji.htm to http://www.blic.rs/stara_arhiva/arhiva/2007-01-20/strane/najmocniji.htm
* Added archive https://archive.is/20130705010414/http://izdavastvo.sabornost.org/izdanje.php?d=4&id_izdanje=32/ to http://izdavastvo.sabornost.org/izdanje.php?d=4&id_izdanje=32%2F
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130301025259/http://moses.creighton.edu/JRS/2013/2013-1.pdf to http://moses.creighton.edu/jrs/2013/2013-1.pdf/
Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot (Report bug) 21:11, 3 December 2017 (UTC)
External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,
I have just modified one external link on Davor Džalto. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070622031449/http://www.flexibleart.net/DAVORweb/indexdavor.htm to http://flexibleart.net/DAVORweb/indexdavor.htm
Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot (Report bug) 14:57, 6 January 2018 (UTC)
Promotional tone tag
As I took admin action on this page, I leave it to other editors to determine if tag should be restored. -- Deep fried okra ( talk ) 23:05, 25 August 2021 (UTC) | WIKI |
Sean Holly
Sean Holly is an economist at the University of Cambridge, where he is an emeritus professor of economics and life fellow of Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge. Before becoming a professor at Cambridge, he held positions at Imperial College London, the London Business School, and Sheffield University. From 2018 to 2023 he was on the board of governors of the National Institute for Economic and Social Research.
He is a coauthor of the book Optimal Control, Expectations and Uncertainty (with Andrew Hughes-Hallet, Cambridge University Press, 1989). | WIKI |
Writing unicode strings as a series of hex values
I recently had the need to store non-latin unicode characters as constants in a method. The chars I wanted were the “box characters”. Essentially, I wanted a method that converted an atom to one of these chars. Below is the only way I could think to do it, but I really don’t like the List.to_string()-ness of it, is there a more idiomatic way to do this?
def direction_to_string(direction) do
:ground -> "."
:animal -> "S"
{:n, :s} -> List.to_string([0x2551])
{:e, :w} -> List.to_string([0x2550])
{:n, :e} -> List.to_string([0x255A])
{:n, :w} -> List.to_string([0x255D])
{:s, :w} -> List.to_string([0x2557])
{:s, :e} -> List.to_string([0x2554])
_ -> ""
end
I tried using bitstrings, like, <<0x2557::16>, but when I IO.puts this in Livebook I don’t get the output I expect.
Can’t you just do this? (works for me)
defmodule Test do
def direction_to_string(direction) do
case direction do
:ground -> "."
:animal -> "S"
{:n, :s} -> "║"
{:e, :w} -> "═"
{:n, :e} -> "╚"
{:n, :w} -> "╝"
{:s, :w} -> "╗"
{:s, :e} -> "╔"
_ -> ""
end
end
end
IO.inspect(Test.direction_to_string({:n, :w}))
Edit: Provided your editor supports it, you should be able to use pretty much any printable unicode character in a string…
2 Likes
This, is a good idea… I don’t know why I didn’t think to do just do this. I guess I typically avoid having unicode directly in source for fear that some editor may not respond well to it. But, it’s 2023 so I that fear is probably unfounded. I do like having it in hex because I can edit it without having to copy/paste unicode chars or resorting to char map or other weird os tools.
I hear you on the editor thing. A few community libraries have emojis etc embedded in them, so I’m less concerned these days. If you want to maintain your allergy, you can also use the unicode escape (see String — Elixir v1.16.0-rc.0) - e.g. “\u255A”
5 Likes
A size specifier like ::16 means that the given number is represented with exactly two bytes. The UTF8 representation of is three bytes:
iex(6)> <<0xE29597::24>>
"╗"
Or you can use the utf8 type directly:
iex(1)> <<0x2557::utf8>>
"╗"
6 Likes | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Honda’s CES teaser reveals community car smarts, personal mobility plans – TechCrunch
Honda is going to reveal a number of announcements around its forthcoming “cooperative mobility ecosystem” at this year’s CES in January, and the car maker just dropped a teaser to preview some of what it’s going to talk about. Three new features are teased in the short video, including “Safe Swarm,” a trademark Honda applied for in November this year. It looks likely to be some form of vehicle-to-vehicle communication network that will let cars more safely negotiate roads with shared info, but it’s hard to tell from the graphics how this will work exactly. The second tease is Uni-Cub, which looks to be a personal mobility transportation device for individual use. This is also a big area for automakers in general now, who are looking to address personal transit as a way to capture more of the aging population market. Hyundai previewed similar projects it plans to demo at CES earlier this week. Finally, the teaser shows its NeuV concept vehicle, which the carmaker revealed earlier this month will be the first automated commuter EV design with an artificial intelligence “emotion engine” on board. The concept design has been made in tandem with the company behind Pepper, the service bot with AI interaction onboard. Sounds like Honda will have a lot of future-focused announcements to make at the annual consumer electronics show, but the interesting question will be how far out this future actually is. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
User:Chandlerbailey0
Hello! I love helping make the World Wide Web a more enjoyable experience for everyone.
I support Free and Open Source Software, namely projects like Ubuntu, Firefox, and LibreOffice!
Everyone in the world should have the ability to live a safe and healthy life as well as receive an education to move on to greater and larger things!
If you have read this, please do your part, no matter how small, to contribute to a better world! | WIKI |
Home > Technology > One line awk to find all words with all vowels
One line awk to find all words with all vowels
Here is a one line awk command to find all the words which contains all the vowels in a given file.
awk '{c=split($0, s); for(n=1; n<=c; ++n) print s[n] }' $1 | awk 'match ($0, /[e]/)' |awk 'match ($0, /[i]/)' | awk 'match ($0, /[a]/)'| awk 'match ($0, /[o]/)' |awk 'match ($0, /[u]/)'
if you have a file with the following contents
education
reduction
allusions
documentation
The above command prints
education
documentation
In the above command we are using awk to extract the word and finding whether the given word contains a, e, i, o, u. If any word which contains all the vowels gets printed in the output.
Here is the command that checks all the .txt files recursively and checks for all the words with a, e, i, o, u.
find -name "*.txt" |xargs awk '{c=split($0, s); for(n=1; n<=c; ++n) print s[n] }'| awk 'match ($0, /[e]/)' |awk 'match ($0, /[i]/)' | awk 'match ($0, /[a]/)'| awk 'match ($0, /[o]/)' |awk 'match ($0, /[u]/)'|sort|uniq -i|awk '!match ($0, /[_,\-\.\/\|\@\:\]\[\)\(\*\&\=\*\#\!\{\}\"\?]/)'
A quick observation from the above script is that the last regular expression (awk ‘!match ($0, /[_,\-\.\/\|\@\:\]\[\)\(\*\&\=\*\#\!\{\}\”\?]/)’) is to remove all the words which contain the special characters. But if could eliminate these characters much before they even come about we could significantly improve the performance.
find -name "*.txt" |xargs awk '{c=split($0, s); for(n=1; n<=c; ++n) print s[n] }'| awk '!match ($0, /[_,\-\.\/\|\@\:\]\[\)\(\*\&\=\*\#\!\{\}\"\?]/)'| awk 'match ($0, /[e]/)' |awk 'match ($0, /[i]/)' | awk 'match ($0, /[a]/)'| awk 'match ($0, /[o]/)' |awk 'match ($0, /[u]/)'|sort|uniq -i
Ran the above two commands with “time” command and results are as follows
Without optimization:
real 0m0.824s
user 0m1.508s
sys 0m0.076s
With optimization the last command
real 0m0.784s
user 0m1.868s
sys 0m0.064s
On a medium sized input directory itself we could clearly find the performance improvement.
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User:ThijsN
* Thijs likes working on Wikipedia
* Thijs loves wikis
* Thijs is mad about templates (Don't repeat yourself)
* Thijs uses open source software
* Thijs makes 4 million search results in Google, compared to 1,5 million results in Yahoo!
* Thijs promotes OpenID
* OpenID specification
* OpenID
* Mediawiki OpenID Extension
* OpenID account service
nl:Gebruiker:ThijsN | WIKI |
Wikijunior talk:Small Numbers/1
could be nicer, but, good for now.
crown
But a lot of rulers rule loads of countries - just ask Queen Victoria... Kayau ( talk | email | contribs ) 12:06, 16 August 2010 (UTC)
* hehe. And should it be many rulers each rule one country? Basically this is a confusing sentence. Can we think of a better sentence describing the number 1 -- Harry Wood (discuss • contribs) 02:34, 15 February 2021 (UTC)
Satellites
A book for kids and it talks about natural satellites? Really? <IP_ADDRESS> (discuss)
Picture not loaded
Picture http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/File:Couronne_Louis_XV.jpg is not loaded. Please somebody fix it... <IP_ADDRESS> (discuss) 05:58, 29 October 2011 (UTC)
No link to previous page
For some reason, there's no link to the previous page here. InverseHypercube (discuss • contribs) 21:49, 25 February 2012 (UTC) | WIKI |
Kaçandoll
Kaçandoll (in Albanian) or Kačandol (in Serbian; Качандол) is a village in the municipality of Mitrovica in the District of Mitrovica, Kosovo. According to the 2011 census, it had 119 inhabitants, all of whom were Albanian.
Geography
Like Bajgora, located to the west of Kaçandol, it is in the south of the Kopaonik range and surrounded by steep mountains. Close to the village on its east side flows a tributary of the Llapi river. From Kaçandol the whole Llapi region can be seen.
History
The village was inhabited by ethnic Albanians, of the Shala tribe, which had settled here in the mid–18th century from the Shala region in northern Albania.
Albanian rebels (kachaks), active in 1918–24, were disarmed by the Yugoslav government, which included rebels from the village, at the time part of the Vushtrri srez (municipality).
Prior to 1978, it was also known as Kačan dol (Качан дол). It was then spelled Kačandol.
According to the 1991 census, the village had no inhabitants. | WIKI |
South-East Province
The South-East Province was an electoral region of the Western Australian Legislative Council, introduced after the introduction of responsible government in the 1890s. It initially comprised Williams, Plantagenet, and Albany Electoral Districts. | WIKI |
User:Patwari Sharif
'''I am Sharif Patwari. I am from Bangladesh. I am a teacher by profession. I love reading, writing, listening to music, watching movies in any language.''' | WIKI |
1. General
1.1. UCS Common Server was made to be used as router for other UCS applications, including RK7 plugins.
1.1.1. CS routes requests from client applications to their feature servers.
1.2. Special separate Feature Servers to be used with connection to Common Server to provide specific data of each application (plugin).
1.2.1. Each client application has its feature server application.
1.2.2. There could be several instances on each type Feature server connected to one Common server, but they have unique GUIDs.
1.3. Currently supported UCS applications:
1.3.1. RK7 MenuBoard (http://support.ucs.ru/en/node/7049)
1.3.2. RK7 SecondScreen (http://support.ucs.ru/en/node/6300)
1.3.3. RK7 interactive reports
1.3.4. CRM7 interactive reports
1.3.5. RK7 DashBoard
1.3.6. RK7 TimeKeeper
1.4. Feature servers usually provide data and execute useful operations
1.4.1. DBMS data exchange, store data
1.4.2. Main application (UCS made) interface connection and data exchange
2. Files and folders
2.1. Where to get
2.1.1. Download from UCS FTP server archive with UCS Common Server distributive.
2.2. What's inside
2.2.1. There is only 1 folder with all files inside (other folders will be created by the server during its uptime).
2.3. Manipulations
2.3.1. Extract CS_SQLITE.rar to some folder on your back office server PC.
2.3.2. Start CS_Service.exe as desktop or install as windows service (run install.bat for that and start service after).
2.3.3. If you want to change settings, you have to stop the server CS_Service.exe (windows service), edit CS_Service.ini, and start that server after saved changes to ini.
2.3.4. Common Server SQLITE database (UCS.csdb) is created on server first start in the same folder where this server started.
3. Settings
3.1. CS_Service.ini file format
[CS_CONNECTION]
def_port = 8888
SSL_port = 8889
CertificatePath = .\
ConnectTimeout = 35000
ReceiveTimeout = 35000
SendTimeout = 35000
DB_Connect_Count = 10
Compression = C_Base64_LZ
;work_UDL = "MSSQL.udl"
WORK_DB_NAME = UCS_COMMON_SERVER_v1_0
db_path=C:\ucssoft\UCSCommonServer_SQLITE\UCS.csdb
connect_timeout(s)=30
receive_timeout(s)=30
[CS_TYPE]
i_guid = 5Z02E58E-4AF6-4320-85CD-8AEF5AD5CD0A
common_guid = 62CE42DE-050A-4E33-9852-A9D14A0AC1B0
name = DM_COSE
[CS]
i_guid={D6407F95-4633-492C-B6B6-98D586AEA04C}
certificate_path=C:\ucssoft\UCSCommonServer_SQLITE\
3.2. Description
3.2.1. "def_port" - default TCP port for http protocol connections.
3.2.1.1. Default port is 7007, SSL 7008 (change that to any free).
3.2.2. "i_guid" - GUID of this CS instance.
3.2.3. "certificate_path" - full path to folder with https certificates.
3.2.4. "db_path" - full path to SQlite work DB.
3.2.5. "SSL_port" - SSL crypted TCP port for htts protocol connections.
3.2.6. "connect_timeout(s), receive_timeout(s)" - connection timeout.
3.2.7. "compression" - default compression type for СS data. This parameter "Compression" may have only the following values: c_Base64, c_Base64_LZ, c_Base64_ZLib.
3.2.8. "WORK_DB_NAME" - SQL DB name (leave by default). If there is no "WORK_DB_NAME" parameter in ini file, DB name will be "UCS_COMMON_SERVER_v1_0" (MSSQLS version).
3.2.9. "work_UDL" - SQL connection configuration file path. By default application tries to read "MSSQL.udl" file in current *.ЕХЕ working folder (MSSQLS version). SQLITE version uses UCS.csdb file in working folder.
4. Use
4.1. Run server and connect Feature server(s) to it. Feature server register itself on Common server in order to provide data to client requests in future. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Wordpress plugin for Full Text Search
Hello,
I'm looking for a plugin for full text search for WP.
The requirement is that it should search inside the comments also & should highlight the found words, not only list where the word exists...
Thanks,
A
LVL 11
AcklesAsked:
Who is Participating?
Peter HartCommented:
its not free but does everything you list...
https://www.searchwp.com
0
Pawan KumarDatabase ExpertCommented:
Please use below plugins for wordpress.org for full text search.
https://wordpress.org/plugins/fulltext-search/
or this -
https://fulltextsearch.org/
0
David FavorLinux/LXD/WordPress/Hosting SavantCommented:
Clarify your question just a bit.
State whether you're talking about searching an existing FTS (Full Text Search) index in a specific data table...
or...
You're going to hand off creating this index to a plugin, like those listed above.
Keep in mind FTS has database requirement to implement.
https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/full-text-index-overview provides details of MariaDB's very fast InnoDB based FTS system.
If you're running older versions of MySQL, likely FTS is either missing or uses the old style MyISAM storage engine, which creates many problems if you're modifying your FTS data repeatedly. MyISAM FTS will only work well if your word index only changes very infrequently.
Your first step is to check into your runtime environment + determine exactly what version of MariaDB or MySQL is running, to determine how best to proceed... as your first step may be to change hosting.
0
AcklesAuthor Commented:
Thanks!
Sorry about delay.
0
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From novice to tech pro — start learning today. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Class: JBundler::GemfileLock
Inherits:
Object
• Object
show all
Defined in:
lib/jbundler/gemfile_lock.rb
Instance Method Summary collapse
Constructor Details
#initialize(jarfile, lockfile = 'Gemfile.lock') ⇒ GemfileLock
Returns a new instance of GemfileLock
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# File 'lib/jbundler/gemfile_lock.rb', line 29
def initialize(jarfile, lockfile = 'Gemfile.lock')
@jarfile = jarfile
@lockfile = lockfile if File.exists?(lockfile)
end
Instance Method Details
#exists?Boolean
Returns:
• (Boolean)
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# File 'lib/jbundler/gemfile_lock.rb', line 34
def exists?
!@lockfile.nil?
end
#mtimeObject
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# File 'lib/jbundler/gemfile_lock.rb', line 38
def mtime
File.mtime(@lockfile) if @lockfile
end
#populate_dependencies(aether) ⇒ Object
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# File 'lib/jbundler/gemfile_lock.rb', line 42
def populate_dependencies(aether)
if @lockfile
# assuming we run in Bundler context here
# since we have a Gemfile.lock :)
Bundler.load.specs.each do |spec|
jars = []
spec.requirements.each do |rr|
rr.split(/\n/).each do |r|
jars << r if r =~ /^\s*(jar|pom)\s/
end
end
unless jars.empty?
pom = Pom.new(spec.name, spec.version, jars, "pom")
aether.install(pom.coordinate, pom.file)
unless @jarfile.locked?(pom.coordinate)
aether.add_artifact(pom.coordinate)
end
end
end
end
end | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Mike Dimkich
Mike Dimkich (born February 15, 1968 ) is an American guitarist who is currently a member of the punk rock band Bad Religion. He has also played for The Cult, Channel 3, Suckerpunch, and Steve Jones.
Musical career
Dimkich started playing in the California punk rock band Channel 3 in 1986. In 1989 he played guitar with Steve Jones of the Sex Pistols, and opened with Jones for The Cult. The Cult asked Dimkich to join them on rhythm guitar in 1993, and he remained a member until 2013, when he joined Bad Religion to replace Greg Hetson. James Stevenson replaced Dimkich as The Cult's guitarist.
He has also recorded a 1995 album with Suckerpunch, and played on the 2009 Cheap Trick album The Latest.
Personal life
Dimkich is of Serbian descent (Serbian surname: Димкић, Dimkić), hence his nickname The Serb. He is an ultra-marathon runner and a competitive road cyclist. He began running ultra-marathon races officially in 2001 and as of 2003, had run more than ten. More recently, he has begun participating in competitive road cycling. | WIKI |
Carrying out an inspection of a used truck
0
93
After you evaluate your wishes and needs concerning the purchase of a used truck, make up your price range and try not to exceed this planned amount of money. Being a person without the experience of buying a used truck, you must be armed with some advice before you enter the market. Probably one of the most important things is that you should not be in a hurry. Take your time and spend it on the careful inspection of the vehicle which you are going to buy.
Before you spend your money on your potential ride, take into account priceless tips provided by two professional mechanics Kenny Meade and Donald Ringuette. The tips are the following:
1. It is better to inspect the vehicle in daylight. This will help you notice scratches, or other defects if any.
2. Body-panel joints and openings should be checked carefully.
3. Check whether there are any signs of leakage inside of each tire.
4. Make sure the roof does not have any raised spots. Such spots indicate to rust underneath.
5. Check the fluids, paying attention to the coolant fluid which is green as a rule. If it is of not proper or low quality (as you might think), invest in a cheap tester which will help you to estimate the quality of the fluid. Air filters have to be inspected, too, so has the surface of the engine. The engine must not wear grease or oil, otherwise it will mean that the vehicle wasn’t well cared of.
6. Examine transmission, and pay special attention to the examination of the automatic transmission, because the repair of such transmission costs much more than that of a manual one.
7. Make sure the engine doesn’t produce various sounds like knocks or thuds when started. These sounds can indicate to numerous problems.
8. Check the emergency brake to make sure it carries out its main function properly.
9. Pay attention to the switches and extras (such as air, lights, etc.)
10. See whether there is corrosion under the mat in the trunk. Also, it would be great to check the wiring crossing the rear to learn whether it was cut for trailer wiring.
11. Make a first short journey: travel around 10 miles, then stop, allow the engine to cool for some minutes and then start it again. Mechanic’s help should be needed if the engine starts slowly. The transmission must shift up very smoothly.
12. Examine a panic stop somewhere in a secure place to check the operation of the brakes. You can also try bad road conditions to see whether the vehicle is bouncing and learn in which condition the shocks are.
13. The last but not the least: don’t be deceived by a mileage meter tampering. Be always careful and smart when hearing unbelievable things from a seller. His task is to sell, and your task is to buy a really decent vehicle. Better pay attention to the brake pedal, wear on the armrests and numerous pits on the windshield. These components would most likely be worn if the vehicle has lived a long life. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Coast-to-Coast Challenge
The Coast-to-Coast Challenge (currently known as the US LBM Coast-to-Coast Challenge for sponsorship reasons and formerly known as the Pac-12 Coast-to-Coast Challenge) is an annual set of basketball games played in a neutral stadium. The Challenge was set to launch in 2020, but was postponed a year due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
The Challenge is a small-scale spiritual successor to the Big 12/Pac-10 Hardwood Series, which ran from 2007 to 2010. As such, it was originally contested by both men's and women's teams of the Pac-12 and Big 12 conferences, but has since been open to men's basketball teams of all conferences, with the Pac-12 and Big 12 as the main conferences represented. Every match-up within the Challenge has featured a team from Texas. | WIKI |
Quảng Tùng
Quảng Tùng a town and commune (xã) in the district of Quảng trạch, Quang Binh Province, North Central Coast Region of Vietnam. This commune is located on the right bank of Moon River. The commune has a population of 7,749. | WIKI |
The original title used the long, descriptive style common at the time: The Life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe of York, Mariner: who lived Eight and Twenty Years, all alone in an uninhabited Island on the coast of America, near the Mouth of the Great River of Oroonoque; Having been cast on Shore by Shipwreck, wherein all the Men perished but himself. With An Account how he was at last as strangely deliver’d by Pirates. Written by Himself.
It went on to become one of the most famous and most widely-read books in history.
You may not have read Robinson Crusoe, as famous as it is.
“Classics” don’t seem to be “required” reading anymore, especially if they’re politically incorrect. And, Robinson Crusoe is not PC by today’s standards.
However, it’s almost certain that you know the two enduring fictional and linguistic tropes that come from Robinson Crusoe.
The name of the central character became and still is shorthand for a person who is stranded alone on an island or some other desolate place and uses his ingenuity to survive.
If someone says “like Robinson Crusoe,” most people will know what that means.
A common dictionary definition of “Man Friday” is “a man who helps someone with their work and is loyal and can be trusted.”
A popular English idiom dictionary for people learning to speak English says “Man Friday” means “an assistant or companion, usually a capable one. The common feminine equivalent is ‘’Girl Friday’.” It also says a similar expression is “right-hand man.”
Those definitions of “Man Friday” are, so to speak, white-washed versions of the role of the character Friday in the book.
In Robinson Crusoe, Friday is a slave-like servant to Crusoe. Not exactly a slave, but close to it.
And, Crusoe is an excruciatingly-ethnocentric guy who has nothing against slavery and believes, like most white Englishmen in the 1700s, that non-white races were intended by God to serve them.
As you probably know, Crusoe gets marooned alone on a desert island after a huge storm wrecks his ship and drowns his shipmates.
If you haven’t read the book, you may not know the island was located off the coast of South America or that the ship he was on was bound for Africa “to fetch negroes” to serve as slaves on a plantation Crusoe had established in Brazil.
Crusoe is totally blasé about slavery, especially when it comes to Africans, who he views as ignorant, inferior, naked savages.
He has a slightly higher opinion of the Indians of the “New World,” and thinks the Spanish killed too many of them and mistreat them a bit too much. But he’s not fundamentally opposed to enslaving Indians either.
That — and the fact that Crusoe treats Friday like a slave — may be why Friday has been portrayed as being black in some film and TV adaptations.
In the novel, he’s a Carib Indian, a tribe that Crusoe describes as cannibals who regularly slaughter and dine on humans. Whether they actually were true cannibals, or practiced an occasional ritualized form of cannibalism, is a subject of historical dispute.
At any rate, during the more than two decades Crusoe spent alone on the island, he sees signs that Caribs had visited there, including footprints and remains of their cannibalized victims.
Then, in Chapter XIV, Crusoe sees a group of Caribs dragging some others along the shore, presumably to be slaughtered and eaten.
One runs away. Crusoe shoots his pursuers, frightens off the rest and saves the intended victim’s life.
Crusoe can’t communicate with the man he saved, since neither speaks the other’s language. But instead of using the simple “Me Tarzan, you Jane” approach to finding out the man’s name, Crusoe names him Friday, because that’s the day their chance meeting occurred.
Over time, Crusoe teaches Friday to speak English and asks him a few things about customs of the Carib people. But he doesn’t ask his real name, and clearly doesn’t much care.
Crusoe first uses the term “man Friday” in Chapter XIV. Shortly after he saves the Indian’s life, Crusoe says:
“I took my man Friday with me, giving him the sword in his hand, with the bow and arrows at his back, which I found he could use very dexterously, making him carry one gun for me.”
From then on, throughout the book, Crusoe calls him “my man Friday.”
By “my man Friday,” he really means “my man,” in the controlling sense. And, in the book, Friday is fine with that. He’s a grateful, obsequious and obedient servant to Crusoe.
Below is what you might find to be a gagworthy passage from Chapter XIV in which Crusoe describes Friday’s looks and subservient demeanor. In it, Crusoe also explains that he taught the Carib his new name and the word Master (with a capital M):
“He had a very good countenance, not a fierce and surly aspect, but seemed to have something very manly in his face; and yet he had all the sweetness and softness of a European in his countenance, too, especially when he smiled. His hair was long and black, not curled like wool…The colour of his skin was not quite black, but very tawny; and yet not an ugly, yellow, nauseous tawny, as the Brazilians and Virginians, and other natives of America are, but of a bright kind of a dun olive-colour, that had in it something very agreeable, though not very easy to describe. His face was round and plump; his nose small, not flat, like the negroes; a very good mouth, thin lips, and his fine teeth well set, and as white as ivory.
After he had slumbered, rather than slept, about half-an-hour, he awoke again, and came out of the cave to me, for I had been milking my goats which I had in the enclosure just by: when he espied me he came running to me, laying himself down again upon the ground, with all the possible signs of an humble, thankful disposition, making a great many antic gestures to show it. At last he lays his head flat upon the ground, close to my foot, and sets my other foot upon his head, as he had done before; and after this made all the signs to me of subjection, servitude, and submission imaginable, to let me know how he would serve me so long as he lived. I understood him in many things, and let him know I was very well pleased with him. In a little time I began to speak to him; and teach him to speak to me; and first, I let him know his name should be Friday, which was the day I saved his life; I called him so for the memory of the time. I likewise taught him to say Master; and then let him know that was to be my name.”
When an English ship finally comes to the island and Crusoe is rescued, he takes Friday along. The Carib remains his loyal servant when Crusoe goes back to Brazil, where his plantation is still thriving, thanks to slave labor.
He also takes Friday along with him in Daniel Defoe’s sequel to Robinson Crusoe, which few people are familiar with, titled: The Farther Adventures of Robinson Crusoe; Being the Second and Last Part of His Life, And of the Strange Surprising Accounts of his Travels Round three Parts of the Globe. (Now usually just called The Farther Adventures of Robinson Crusoe.)
In that second novel, Crusoe decides to sail with Friday and a small crew to the island where he’d been stranded. On the way, they are attacked by Caribs.
Friday is hit with three of their arrows and dies. Crusoe says with an underwhelming lack of emotion he was quite “annoyed at the loss of my old trusty servant and companion.”
It’s hard to view the term “Man Friday” as a positive thing if you think too much about how racist and pompous Robinson Crusoe is as a character. But he and Daniel Defoe were of their time.
The novel is still a classic adventure worth reading, though Crusoe is not really a “good guy” in the modern sense and Friday’s role doesn’t quite fit nice-sounding definitions like “a man who helps someone with their work and is loyal and can be trusted” or “an assistant or companion, usually a capable one.”
* * * * * * * * * *
Related reading and viewing… | FINEWEB-EDU |
Ryanair pilot unions in 'several countries' suspend talks: ECA
DUBLIN (Reuters) - Ryanair (RYA.I) pilot unions in several countries have suspended talks with management in protest at what they see as the airline using the threat of base closures as a bargaining tool in labor talks, the European Cockpit Association (ECA) said on Wednesday. The unions include those representing pilots in two of Ryanair’s biggest markets, a union source told Reuters, declining to name which markets they were. The temporary suspension is a reaction to Ryanair’s closure of bases in the Dutch city of Eindhoven and Bremen in Germany and the reduction of capacity in the German region of Niederrhein. The European Cockpit Association in October described the move as a “declaration of war”. Ryanair has also threatened to close two bases in the Canary Islands if cabin crew in Spain do not sign up to a collective labor agreement by next week, the ECA said on Wednesday. Spanish cabin crew called off planned strikes last week after reaching a preliminary agreement on contracts. A spokesman for Ryanair was not available for immediate comment. Europe’s largest low-cost carrier suffered a number of strikes last year by pilots and cabin crew, grounding hundreds of flights across Europe, after it agreed to recognize unions for the first time in 2017 following rostering difficulties. But it got through Christmas without any industrial action, having made progress with a number of unions that it expects to translate into agreements with its major unions by the end of March. Reporting by Conor Humphries, writing by Padraic Halpin; editing by Jason Neely | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Rohit Kapoor
The result was delete. ✗ plicit 09:54, 17 December 2021 (UTC)
Rohit Kapoor
* – ( View AfD View log | edits since nomination)
Reviewed a a part of new page patrol. No indication of wp:notability. No references. Some pseudo-references were given as in-line external links. I reviewed all of those. Some mentioned him but none were really coverage of him. North8000 (talk) 14:36, 3 December 2021 (UTC)
* - Note to closer for soft deletion: While this discussion appears to have no quorum, it is NOT eligible for soft deletion because it has been [ previously PROD'd].
* Logs: ←
* --Cewbot (talk) 00:02, 11 December 2021 (UTC)
Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus. Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, ✗ plicit 00:03, 11 December 2021 (UTC)
* Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Businesspeople-related deletion discussions. Engr. Smitty Werben 03:05, 11 December 2021 (UTC)
* Note: This discussion has been included in the list of India-related deletion discussions. Engr. Smitty Werben 03:05, 11 December 2021 (UTC)
* Delete No indication of notability in the article or in searches. The links given as sources are either not independent or not significant. Eggishorn (talk) (contrib)
* Delete There's a couple of interviews and quotes in newspapers but not enough to stitch together and pass GNG. --Hemanthah (talk) 06:34, 15 December 2021 (UTC)
| WIKI |
On the Performance of Different Genetic Programming Approaches for the SORTING Problem
Created by W.Langdon from gp-bibliography.bib Revision:1.3973
@Article{Wagner:2015:EC,
author = "Markus Wagner and Frank Neumann and Tommaso Urli",
title = "On the Performance of Different Genetic Programming
Approaches for the SORTING Problem",
journal = "Evolutionary Computation",
year = "2015",
volume = "23",
number = "4",
pages = "583--609",
month = "Winter",
keywords = "genetic algorithms, genetic programming, Computational
complexity, genetic programming, variable-length
representation, sortedness, single-objective
optimisation, multi-objective optimization",
ISSN = "1063-6560",
DOI = "doi:10.1162/EVCO_a_00149",
size = "27 pages",
abstract = "In genetic programming, the size of a solution is
typically not specified in advance and solutions of
larger size may have a larger benefit. The flexibility
often comes at the cost of the so-called bloat problem:
individuals grow without providing additional benefit
to the quality of solutions, and the additional
elements can block the optimisation process.
Consequently, problems that are relatively easy to
optimise cannot be handled by variable-length
evolutionary algorithms.
In this article, we analyse different single- and
multi-objective algorithms on the sorting problem, a
problem that typically lacks independent and additive
fitness structures. We complement the theoretical
results with comprehensive experiments to indicate the
tightness of existing bounds, and to indicate bounds
where theoretical results are missing.",
notes = "The University of Adelaide, Australia. DIEGM,
Universita degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy",
}
Genetic Programming entries for Markus Wagner Frank Neumann Tommaso Urli
Citations | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Editors' ChoiceMicrobiology
Bacterial TIR Domains
See allHide authors and affiliations
Science Signaling 15 Apr 2008:
Vol. 1, Issue 15, pp. ec129
DOI: 10.1126/stke.115ec129
Bacteria need to evade the first line of immune defense, the innate immune response, to survive in their hosts. Signaling in response to foreign molecules by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) is an important part of the innate immune response, so pathogens have evolved mechanisms to disrupt this pathway (see O’Neill). Cirl et al. identified proteins containing the Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domains in several human bacterial pathogens, including Escherichia coli strain CFT073, which causes urinary tract infections, and Brucella melitensis, which causes brucellosis, a disease with symptoms similar to those associated with flu. The authors named these proteins Tcps, for TIR domain-containing proteins; the E. coli protein was named TcpC, and the B. melitensis protein was named TcpB. Cells infected with a TcpC-deficient mutant of CFT073 showed greater production of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and increased bacterial load compared to cells infected with wild-type CFT073. Cells transfected with plasmids encoding TLR signaling components and the TcpC or TcpB proteins, along with reporter plasmids, exhibited decreased signaling through TLRs that are coupled to the adaptor MyD88--TLR4 and TLR2--but not those coupled to other adaptors. CFT073 infection of MyD88-deficient cells did not show a decrease in TNF secretion. Thus, TcpC and TcpB appear to selectively interfere with MyD88-dependent TLR pathways. The TIR domain of TcpC or full-length TcpB bound to MyD88 in pull-down assays. TcpC was secreted from the bacteria and was detectable inside bone marrow-derived macrophages even when the macrophages were separated from the bacteria in a transwell system. Uptake of a purified peptide of the TIR domain of TcpC was inhibited if cholesterol was depleted from the membranes of the host cells, which suggests that lipid rafts may be important for uptake. Finally, the importance of TcpC in disease was determined by infecting mice with the wild-type CFT073 or the TcpC-deficient strain, and those with the wild-type strain had more aggressive disease. In human urinary tract isolates, more severe disease (acute pyelonephritis) was associated with a higher frequency of the presence of the TcpC-positive strains, whereas TcpC-positive strains were less frequently detected in samples from patients with less serious (cystitis) or asymptomatic infection. Thus, as with some viral pathogens, bacteria also appear to target TLR signaling to enhance virulence.
C. Cirl, A. Wieser, M. Yadav, S. Duerr, S. Schubert, H. Fischer, D. Stappert, N. Wantia, N. Rodriguez, H. Wagner, C. Svanborg, T. Miethke, Subversion of Toll-like receptor signaling by a unique family of bacterial Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing proteins. Nat. Med. 14, 399-406 (2008). [PubMed]
L. A. J. O’Neill, Bacteria fight back against Toll-like receptors. Nat. Med. 14, 370-372 (2008). [PubMed] | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
óna
Contraction
* from his, its
* from her, its
* from their
* from which
* from which
Noun
* 1) metate | WIKI |
User:Harshhpareek
Wikipedia page for Harsh Pareek, CS PhD student at UT Austin, formerly undergrad at IIT Bombay. . Homepage at [www.harshhpareek.com]
Harsh Pareek (talk) 00:32, 18 December 2012 (UTC) | WIKI |
标题：Mint3 potentiates TLR3/4-and RIG-I-induced IFN-beta expression and antiviral immune responses
作者：Huai, Wanwan; Song, Hui; Yu, Zhongxia; Wang, Wenwen; Han, Lihui; Sakamoto, Takeharu; Seiki, Motoharu; Zhang, Lining; Zhang, Qunye; Z 更多
作者机构：[Huai, Wanwan; Song, Hui; Yu, Zhongxia; Wang, Wenwen; Han, Lihui; Zhang, Lining; Zhao, Wei] Shandong Univ, Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Jinan 250012, Shando 更多
通讯作者：Zhao, W;Zhao, W
通讯作者地址：[Zhao, W]Shandong Univ, Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Jinan 250012, Shandong, Peoples R China;[Zhao, W]Shandong Univ, Sch Med, Key Lab Infect & Immun Shandon 更多
来源：PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
出版年：2016
卷：113
期：42
页码：11925-11930
DOI：10.1073/pnas.1601556113
关键词：interferon; viral infection; TLR; RIG-I; TRAF3
摘要：Type I IFNs (IFN-alpha/beta) play crucial roles in the elimination of invading viruses. Multiple immune cells including macrophages recognize viral infection through a variety of pattern recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-like receptors, and initiate type I IFN secretion and subsequent antiviral immune responses. However, the mechanisms by which host immune cells can produce adequate amounts of type I IFNs and then eliminate viruses effectively remain to be further elucidated. In the present study, we show that munc18-1-interacting protein 3 (Mint3) expression can be markedly induced during viral infection in macrophages. Mint3 enhances TLR3/4- and RIG-I-induced IRF3 activation and IFN-beta production by promoting K63-linked polyubiquitination of TNF receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3). Consistently, Mint3 deficiency greatly attenuated antiviral immune responses and increased viral replication. Therefore, we have identified Mint3 as a physiological positive regulator of TLR3/4 and RIG-I-induced IFN-beta production and have outlined a feedback mechanism for the control of antiviral immune responses.
收录类别：SCOPUS;SCIE
WOS核心被引频次：4
Scopus被引频次：3
资源类型：期刊论文
原文链接：https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84991704907&doi=10.1073%2fpnas.1601556113&partnerID=40&md5=c1db6d4146ed09a8550a8cbc1b5bfdd4
TOP | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Germany's Lufthansa will bid for Thomas Cook's Condor - CEO
BONN, Germany, May 7 (Reuters) - Germany’s largest airline Deutsche Lufthansa will make a non-binding offer for Thomas Cook’s Condor with an option to acquire the remaining airlines of the British group, Lufthansa’s CEO said on Tuesday. “We decided yesterday in the meeting of the management board to bid for all of Condor with the option to be able to extend this (bid) to all Thomas Cook airlines,” Spohr said on the sidelines of Lufthansa’s annual general meeting in Bonn, Germany. Spohr added it was unlikely a single buyer could acquire all Thomas Cook airlines due to antitrust regulations. Reporting by Ilona Wissenbach
Writing by Thomas Seythal
Editing by Tassilo Hummel | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Civil twilight (disambiguation)
Civil twilight is the brightest phase of twilight, the illumination of the lower atmosphere when the Sun itself is not directly visible because it is below the horizon.
Civil twilight may also refer to:
* Civil Twilight (band), a South African four-piece rock band
* Civil Twilight (album), 2010
* "Civil Twilight", a 2007 song by The Weakerthans from their album Reunion Tour | WIKI |
User:Mazin yassin
Education B.A., Business administration, 2013 Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt Faculty of Commerce – English Section Personal profile :
• I am a hard-worker, responsible with experience in different fields ranging from customer service to management service Related Coursework: Advertising and Promotion - Marketing - Marketing Research - Management Information Systems - Sales Management - Strategic Management - HR Management - Operations Research - Planning and Managerial Control Other Skills/Qualifications :
• first language : Arabic (Native language). • second language : English (very good ). • Computer skills: Microsoft windows –Microsoft office word / power point. • Ability to work under pressure and carry additional burdens.
Other Courses: -Marketing Principles - Debating Skills – Entrepreneurship Skills (Project Management – Marketing – Planning)
Graduation Projects (February 2013 – May 2013)
•(Egyptian Zapiekanka) : Introducing a new product to the Egyptian market (3 YouTube Ads - Promotional street campaign - Social Media Marketing)
•EMAS – Egyptian Manufacturing and Advanced Systems Company Studying the Impact of using Supply Chain Management & Material Resources Planning (SCM & MRP) computerized systems by monitoring the company’s actual production and performance records
Relevant Experience : • worked as a call center representative for an offshore account (talkxtra) at ECCO outsourcing company for 6 months .(project serves UK and Ireland ) • Member at UPDATE TEAM (An influential students' activity aims at graduating qualified calibers of universities' students as a contribution in building socially responsible).
Volunteer Experience
•Volunteered in Resala charity organization and Egyptian Food Bank | WIKI |
Category talk:Shopping malls in Kitchener, Ontario
Contested deletion
The articles in this category were removed and added to parent categories for no stated reason. Julius177 (talk) 01:04, 15 March 2021 (UTC) | WIKI |
Sally A. Heyman
Sally A. Heyman is an American politician, businesswoman, and attorney who served as a commissioner of Miami-Dade County, Florida for District 4. Heyman was first elected in September 2002 after serving in the Florida House of Representatives for eight years.
Education
She received her bachelor's degree from the University of Florida, a master's degree from Nova Southeastern University, and a Juris Doctor degree from the University of Miami.
Career
Her first role in public office was as a Council Member for the City of North Miami Beach, where she served for seven years, and worked for the City of Miami and North Miami Beach Police Department. Heyman is currently a member of South Florida Regional Planning Council (SFRPC); Board Member Florida Association of Counties (FAC); FAC Vice Chair Large Urban Counties (LUC); Board Member National Association of Counties (NACo); NACo Steering Committee for Large Urban Counties Caucus (LUCC); NACo Public Safety and Justice Committee; NACo Vice-Chair - Emergency Management and Domestic Security Committee; member National Homeland Security Consortium. Heyman works on responsible growth management, workforce housing initiatives, transportation alternatives, public safety and animal services. Heyman is a Crime Prevention Specialist for two police departments and an adjunct professor of Criminal Justice at Florida International University (FIU). Her involvement in the Jewish community is also extensive as she maintains membership in ORT, Hillel of North Dade, MAR-JCC, the Greater Miami Jewish Federation and Jewish Community Services of South Florida.
As a state representative she served four consecutive terms, where the nature of her sponsored legislation was public safety. She passed bills into law addressing domestic violence, juvenile justice, boat safety, increased penalties for elder and child abuse, debt collection courts, end of life directives, agriculture theft, outreach for high-risk pregnant women, eminent domain and adoption-foster care.
Heyman is also the owner of her own gourmet coffee food truck, Coffee Brake.
While Commission seats are officially non-partisan, Heyman is an affiliated member of the Democratic Party | WIKI |
Treatment: “Spice It Up!” Reflexology
Length of treatment: 50 minutes
Cost: $100
Contraindications: Pregnancy, athlete’s foot or other foot fungus, allergies to blended ingredients
Supplies and equipment needed:
Two hot hand towels
Witch hazel spritzer
Hand-blended oil in a jojoba base containing pure essential oils of orange, frankincense, juniper berry and ginger
Hot spiced apple cider
Ginger cookies
Preparation:
Place towels in a hot cabinet.
Prepare oil and witch hazel spritzer.
Step 1: Consult with the client in the treatment room. Determine any allergies or skin concerns, and inquire if any medications are being taken.
Step 2: Wash your hands before beginning.
Step 3: Start by asking the client to lie on their back Make them comfortable by positioning a bolster beneath their knees and neck. Discuss any issues the individual might like to address. Verify that the music selection and the volume level are enjoyable.
Step 4: Use preheated hand towels spritzed with witch hazel to warm and clean the client’s hands and feet.
Step 5: Apply a few drops of the “Spice It Up!” oil blend to your hands. Rub them together, and cradle your hands over the individual’s face. Ask them to take a few deep breaths.
Step 6: Perform basic warming effleurage to prepare the hands for reflexology. Execute standard deep reflexology, with an extra emphasis on shiatsu point large intestine four. Spend a maximum of eight minutes per hand.
Step 7: Begin warming foot effleurage followed by deep reflexology, with an extra emphasis on critical shiatsu foot points. Spend a maximum of 15 minutes per foot.
Step 8: When finished with both feet and hands, dry them with the edge of the draping sheet. Lower the table, and place the client’s slippers on the floor at the side of the massage table. Drape their robe over the same side.
Step 9: Provide an area of relaxation where the individual can enjoy hot spiced apple cider and ginger cookies. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Nathan Brown (writer)
Award
Apparently he won an award from the Australian Religious Press in 2008. Need to confirm and cite this. Colin MacLaurin (talk) 07:09, 22 October 2008 (UTC) | WIKI |
1847 Massachusetts legislature
The 68th Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1847 during the governorship of George N. Briggs. William B. Calhoun served as president of the Senate and Ebenezer Bradbury served as speaker of the House.
Notable legislation included the anti-abortion "Act To Suppress Injurious Publications". Notable resolutions included opposition to the Mexican–American War.
Senators
• Joseph Avery
• Thomas P. Beal
• George T. Bigelow
• Nathaniel B. Borden
• Thomas A. Bowen
• Nahum F. Bryant
• Joseph T. Buckingham
• William B. Calhoun
• Thomas G. Cary
• James Clark
• Dennis Condry
• George Denny
• Thomas Emerson
• William T. Eustis
• Z. Field
• Barnabas Freeman
• Jason Goulding
• John C. Gray
• James Gregory
• Samuel Guild
• David Heard
• George Hodges
• Samuel A. Hurlburt
• John A. Knowles
• Forbes Kyle
• John W. Lowe
• James Maguire
• Jonathan C. Perkins
• Chauncy B. Rising
• Stephen Salisbury
• Ezekiel Sawin
• Zeno Scudder
• Calvin Shepard
• Silas Shepard
• Hobart Spencer
• Levi Taylor
• Leavitt Thaxter
• Welcome Young
Representatives
* William T. Andrews | WIKI |
User:Roman Spinner/List of chess players by nationality and year of birth
Chess players listed in chronological order by country and nationality:
See also: List of chess players; List of nationality transfers in chess
Argentina
* (1896–1984) Albert Becker [Austria—Germany—Argentina]
* (1906–1984) Jácobo Bolbochán
* (born 1910) Francisco Benkö [Germany—Argentina]
* (1913–1997) Erich Eliskases [Austria—Germany—Argentina]
* (1920–1996) Julio Bolbochán
* (born 1940) Carlos Bielicki
* (born 1957) Daniel Hugo Cámpora
* (1961–2001) Gerardo Barbero [Argentina—Hungary]
Armenia
* (born 1971) Vladimir Akopian
* (1980–2008) Karen Asrian
* (born 1982) Levon Aronian
* (born 1983) Varuzhan Akobian [Armenia—United States]
* (born 1988) Tatev Abrahamyan [Armenia—United States]
* (born 1989) Zaven Andriasian
Australia
* (1885–1936) Spencer Crakanthorp
* (1909–1981) Lucijs Endzelins [Estonia—Latvia—Australia]
* (born 1917) Romanas Arlauskas [Lithuania—Australia]
* (1931–2005) Bela Berger [Hungary—Australia]
* (born 1949) Walter Browne [Australia—United States]
* (born 1986) Arianne Caoili
Austria
* (1834–1902) Hieronim Czarnowski [Poland—France—Austria]
* (1845–1933) Johann Berger
* (1851–1897) Berthold Englisch
* (1861–1891) Johann Hermann Bauer [Czech Republic—Austria]
* (1873–1928) Oscar Chajes [Ukraine—Austria—United States]
* (1896–1984) Albert Becker [Austria—Germany—Argentina]
* (1913–1997) Erich Eliskases [Austria—Germany—Argentina]
* (born 1927) Andreas Dückstein [Hungary—Austria]
* (born 1959) Ivo Donev
Azerbaijan
* (1936–2000) Vladimir Bagirov [Azerbaijan/Latvia]
Bangladesh
* (born 1974) Reefat Bin-Sattar
Belarus
* (1884–1947) Benjamin Blumenfeld [Belarus/Russia]
* (born 1949) Viacheslav Dydyshko
* (born 1966) Evgeny Agrest [Belarus/Sweden]
* (born 1973) Aleksej Aleksandrov
Belgium
* (1829–1875) Frederic Deacon
* (1897–1932) Edgard Colle
* (1903–1979) Boruch Israel Dyner [Poland—Belgium—Israel]
* (1906–1979) Arthur Dunkelblum [Poland—Belgium]
* (1911–1981) Paul Devos
Brazil
* (1905–1967) Ludwig Engels [Germany—Brazil]
* (1910–1967) Walter Cruz
* (1934–2000) Ruth Volgl Cardoso
Bulgaria
* (born 1931) Milko Bobotsov
* (born 1949) Evgenij Ermenkov [Bulgaria—Palestine]
* (born 1961) Silvio Danailov
* (born 1971) Aleksandr Delchev
Canada
* (1841–1912) Jacob Ascher [England—Canada]
* (1892–1984) Fedor Bogatyrchuk [Ukraine—Canada]
* (1907–1998) Boris Blumin [Russia—Canada—United States]
* (born 1925) Nathan Divinsky
* (1928–1980) Frank Anderson
* (born 1946) Bruce Amos
* (born 1950) Peter Biyiasas [Greece—Canada]
* (born 1983) Pascal Charbonneau
Chile
* (1905–1970) Mariano Castillo
* (born 1914) Berna Carrasco
China
* (born 1949) Chen De
* (born before 1960) Chang Tung Lo
* (born 1963) An Yangfeng
* (born 1985) Bu Xiangzhi
Hong Kong
* (born 1990) Anya Corke [England—Hong Kong]
Colombia
* (1916–1985) Miguel Cuellar
* (born 1930) Boris De Greiff
Croatia
* (1903–1981) Tihomil Drezga [Croatia—USA]
* (born 1927) Mato Damjanović
* (born 1929) Mario Bertok
* (born 1961) Ognjen Cvitan
Cuba
* (1873–1941) Juan Corzo
* (1888–1942) José Raúl Capablanca
* (born 1967) Walter Arencibia
* (born 1982) Lázaro Bruzón
* (born 1983) Lenier Dominguez
Czech Republic
* (1861–1891) Johann Hermann Bauer [Czech Republic—Austria]
* (1882–1957) Oldrich Duras
* (born 1947) Jana Bellin [Czech Republic—England]
Denmark
* (1904–1938) Erik Andersen
* (1907–1980) Jens Enevoldsen
* (born 1973) Jacob Aagaard [Denmark—Scotland]
Egypt
* (born 1988) Bassem Amin
Estonia
* (1842–1909) Friedrich Amelung [Estonia—Latvia]
* (1843–1896) Andreas Ascharin [Estonia—Latvia]
* (1909–1981) Lucijs Endzelins [Estonia—Latvia—Australia]
* (born 1962) Jaan Ehlvest
Finland
* (1910–1990) Eero Böök
France
* (1765–1850) Aaron Alexandre [Germany—France—England]
* (1780–1847) Alexandre Deschapelles
* (1795–1840) Louis-Charles Mahé de La Bourdonnais
* (1830–1918) Albert Clerc
* (1834–1902) Hieronim Czarnowski [Poland—France—Austria]
* (1840–1892) Edward Chamier [England—France]
* (1876–1956) Grace Alekhine [United States—United Kingdom—France]
* (1882–1962) Ossip Bernstein [Ukraine—France]
* (ca.1888–1952) Arnold Aurbach [Poland—France]
* (1892–1946) Alexander Alekhine [Russia—France]
* (1895–1975) Abraham Baratz [Romania—France]
* (1895–1980) André Chéron
* (1900–1941) Josef Cukierman [Poland—France]
* (1900–1994) Robert Crépeaux
* (born 1901) Louis Betbeder Matibet
* (born before 1910) Oscar Blum [Lithuania—France]
* (born 1917) César Boutteville [Vietnam—France]
* (1919–2001) Chantal Chaude de Silans
* (born 1952) Iossif Dorfman [Ukraine—France]
* (born 1970) Manuel Apicella
* (born 1977) Christian Bauer
* (born 1983) Etienne Bacrot
Georgia
* (born 1944) Roman Dzindzichashvili [Georgia—Israel—United States]
* (born 1949) Nana Alexandria
* (born 1957) Elena Donaldson-Akhmilovskaya [Russia—Georgia—United States]
* (born 1960) Zurab Azmaiparashvili
* (born 1961) Maia Chiburdanidze
* (born 1968) Ketevan Arakhamia-Grant
* (born 1974) Tea Bosboom-Lanchava [Netherlands—Georgia]
* (born 1987) Nana Dzagnidze
* (born 1988) David Baramidze [Georgia—Germany]
Germany
* (1765–1850) Aaron Alexandre [Germany—France—England]
* (1795–1846) Ludwig Bledow
* (1815–1840) Paul Rudolf von Bilguer
* (1818–1879) Adolf Anderssen
* (1829–1893) Jean Dufresne
* (1854–1934) Martin Bier
* (1859–1913) Wilhelm Cohn
* (1861–1924) Curt von Bardeleben
* (1862–1920) Horatio Caro [England—Germany]
* (1871–1945) Julius Dimer
* (1878–after 1934) Oskar Antze
* (1880–1949) Eduard Dyckhoff
* (1880–1958) Carl Carls
* (1883–1968) Carl Ahues
* (1884–1918) Erich Cohn
* (1886–1942) Max Blümich
* (1889–1952) Efim Bogoljubov [Ukraine—Germany]
* (1891–1967) Alfred Brinckmann
* (1896–1984) Albert Becker [Austria—Germany—Argentina]
* (born 1900) David Enoch [Germany—Israel]
* (1905–1952) Wilhelm Ernst
* (1905–1967) Ludwig Engels [Germany—Brazil]
* (1908–1990) Emil Josef Diemer
* (1909–1981) Kurt Dreyer [Germany—South Africa]
* (born 1910) Francisco Benkö [Germany—Argentina]
* (1913–1997) Erich Eliskases [Austria—Germany—Argentina]
* (born 1929) Hans Berliner [Germany—United States]
* (born 1934) Klaus Darga
* (born 1935) Friedrich Baumbach
* (born 1961) Klaus Bischoff
* (born 1988) David Baramidze [Georgia—Germany]
Greece
* (born 1950) Peter Biyiasas [Greece—Canada]
* (born 1978) Hristos Banikas
* (born 1983) Yelena Dembo [Russia—Israel—Hungary—Greece]
Hungary
* (1873–1900) Rudolf Charousek
* (1877–1949) Miklos Brody [Hungary—Romania]
* (1878–1935) Zsigmond Barász
* (1883–1945) Zoltan von Balla
* (1889–1956) Lajos Asztalos [Hungary—Serbia]
* (1892–1980) János Balogh [Romania—Hungary]
* (1893–1921) Gyula Breyer
* (1905–1968) Stefan Erdélyi [Hungary—Romania]
* (1911–1943) Mirko Bröder [Hungary—Serbia]
* (1911–1986) Gedeon Barcza
* (born 1927) Andreas Dückstein [Hungary—Austria]
* (born 1928) Pal Benko [Hungary—United States]
* (1931–2005) Bela Berger [Hungary—Australia]
* (born 1932) Istvan Bilek
* (born 1940) Istvan Csom
* (born 1950) András Adorján
* (born 1960) Alexander Chernin [Ukraine—Hungary]
* (1961–2001) Gerardo Barbero [Argentina—Hungary]
* (born 1976) Zoltán Almási
* (born 1981) Peter Acs
* (born 1983) Yelena Dembo [Russia—Israel—Hungary—Greece]
Iceland
* (born 1960) Jon Arnason
* (born 1987) Dagur Arngrimsson
India
* (born 1935) Manuel Aaron
* (born 1966) Dibyendu Barua
* (born 1969) Viswanathan Anand
* (born 1983) Sandipan Chanda
Indonesia
* (born 1965) Utut Adianto
Iraq
* (circa 880–946) Abu-Bakr Muhammad ben Yahya as-Suli
Ireland
* (born 1967) Alexander Baburin [Russia/Ireland]
Israel
* (born 1900) Abram Blass [Poland—Israel]
* (born 1900) David Enoch [Germany—Israel]
* (1903–1979) Boruch Israel Dyner [Poland—Belgium—Israel]
* (1905–1985) Izak Aloni [Poland/Israel]
* (born 1909) Yosef Dobkin [Russia—Israel]
* (1910–1984) Mosze Czerniak [Poland—Israel]
* (born 1933) Zadok Domnitz
* (born 1937) Yoel Aloni
* (born 1939) Yaacov Bernstein
* (born 1944) Roman Dzindzichashvili [Georgia—Israel—United States]
* (born 1947) Yaacov Bleiman [Lithuania/Israel]
* (born 1948) Amikam Balshan
* (born 1950) Nathan Birnboim
* (born 1970) Boris Alterman
* (born 1978) Boris Avrukh
* (born 1983) Yelena Dembo [Russia—Israel—Hungary—Greece]
Italy
* (1528–1598) Paolo Boi
* (1573–1647) Pietro Carrera
* (circa 1715–circa 1780) Carlo Cozio
* (1817–1899) Serafino Dubois
* (1896–1981) Esteban Canal [Peru—Italy]
* (1905–1976) Clarice Benini
* (born 1992) Fabiano Caruana [Italy—United States]
Jamaica
* (born 1966) Maurice Ashley [Jamaica—United States]
Latvia
* (1842–1909) Friedrich Amelung [Estonia—Latvia]
* (1843–1896) Andreas Ascharin [Estonia—Latvia]
* (1867–1943) Karlis Betinš
* (1894–1941) Fricis Apšenieks
* (1902–1966) Teodors Bergs
* (1908–1969) Leonids Dreibergs [Latvia—United States]
* (1909–1981) Lucijs Endzelins [Estonia—Latvia—Australia]
* (1936–2000) Vladimir Bagirov [Azerbaijan/Latvia]
Lithuania
* (1856–1923) Simon Alapin
* (born before 1910) Oscar Blum [Lithuania—France]
* (before 1912–1960) Leonardas Abramavičius
* (born 1917) Romanas Arlauskas [Lithania—Australia]
* (born 1947) Yaacov Bleiman [Lithuania—Israel]
* (born 1967) Camilla Baginskaite [Lithuania—United States]
* (born 1983) Viktorija Cmilyte
Luxembourg
* (born 1970) Alberto David
Mexico
* (1900–1971) José Joaquin Araiza
Moldova
* (born 1971) Victor Bologan
Netherlands
* (1837–1922) Levi Benima
* (before 1855–after 1883) A. Polak Daniels
* (1890–1961) Jacques Davidson
* (1901–1981) Max Euwe
* (1915–1995) Nicolaas Cortlever
* (1927–1988) Jan Hein Donner
* (born 1974) Tea Bosboom-Lanchava [Netherlands—Georgia]
New Zealand
* (1849–1916) Robert Henry Barnes [England—New Zealand]
* (born 1936) Lev Aptekar [Ukraine—New Zealand]
* (born 1960) Murray Chandler [New Zealand—England]
Norway
* (1909–1971) Olaf Barda
* (born January 1967) Ivar Bern
* (born May 1967) Simen Agdestein
* (born 1970) Rune Djurhuus
* (born 1990) Magnus Carlsen
Palestine
* (born 1949) Evgenij Ermenkov [Bulgaria—Palestine]
Peru
* (1896–1981) Esteban Canal [Peru—Italy]
Philippines
* (born 1927) Florencio Campomanes
* (born 1937) Rodolfo Tan Cardoso
* (1941–1998) Rosendo Balinas, Jr.
* (born 1962) Rogelio Antonio Jr.
Poland
* (1834–1902) Hieronim Czarnowski [Poland—France—Austria]
* (1885–1944) Dawid Daniuszewski
* (ca.1888–1952) Arnold Aurbach [Poland—France]
* (ca.1890–1920) Zdzisław Belsitzmann
* (1894–1920) Józef Dominik
* (1900–1941) Josef Cukierman [Poland—France]
* (born 1900) Abram Blass [Poland—Israel]
* (1903–1979) Boruch Israel Dyner [Poland—Belgium—Israel]
* (1905–1941) Izaak Appel
* (1905–1985) Izak Aloni [Poland—Israel]
* (1906–1979) Arthur Dunkelblum [Poland—Belgium]
* (1910–1984) Mosze Czerniak [Poland—Israel]
* (born 1946) Hanna Ereńska
* (born 1962) Agnieszka Brustman
* (born 1978) Joanna Dworakowska
Portugal
* (1480–1544) Pedro Damiano
Qatar
* (born 1974) Mohamad Al-Modiahki
Romania
* (1848–1920) Adolf Albin
* (1877–1949) Miklos Brody [Hungary/Romania]
* (1892–1980) János Balogh [Romania/Hungary]
* (1895–1975) Abraham Baratz [Romania/France]
* (1905–1968) Stefan Erdélyi [Hungary—Romania]
* (1932–1983) Victor Ciocâltea
Russia
* (1850–1908) Mikhail Chigorin
* (1884–1947) Benjamin Blumenfeld [Belarus/Russia]
* (1888–1939) Alexei Alekhine
* (1892–1919) Aleksandr Moyseyevich Evensohn [Ukraine—Russia]
* (1892–1946) Alexander Alekhine [Russia/France]
* (1900–1981) Irving Chernev [Russia—United States]
* (1907–1998) Boris Blumin [Russia—Canada—United States]
* (1908–1965) Vitaly Chekhover
* (1909–1987) Vladimir Alatortsev
* (born 1909) Yosef Dobkin [Russia—Israel]
* (1910–1942) Sergey Belavenets
* (1911–1995) Mikhail Botvinnik
* (1913–1979) Igor Bondarevsky
* (1913–1989) Elisabeth Bykova
* (1920–1983) Lev Aronin
* (born 1920) Aleksandr Cherepkov
* (born 1922) Yuri Averbakh
* (1923–1987) Yakov Estrin
* (born 1940) Liudmila Belavenets
* (born 1945) Lev Alburt [Russia—United States]
* (born 1947) Mark Dvoretsky
* (born 1949) Yuri Balashov
* (born 1954) Vladimir Afromeev
* (born 1955) Valery Chekhov
* (born January 1957) Anna Akhsharumova [Russia—United States]
* (born March 1957) Elena Donaldson-Akhmilovskaya [Russia—Georgia—United States]
* (born 1959) Sergey Dolmatov
* (1960–2004) Konstantin Aseev
* (born 1965) Vladimir Epishin
* (born January 1966) Maxim Dlugy [Russia—United States]
* (born November 1966) Evgeny Bareev
* (born 1967) Alexander Baburin [Russia–Ireland]
* (born 1969) Alexey Dreev
* (born 1982) Ekaterina Atalik [Russia—Turkey]
* (born 1983) Yelena Dembo [Russia—Israel—Hungary—Greece]
* (born 1985) Evgeny Alekseev
Serbia
* (1889–1956) Lajos Asztalos [Hungary—Serbia]
* (1911–1943) Mirko Bröder [Hungary—Serbia]
* (born 1935) Dimitrije Bjelica
Slovenia
* (born 1953) Alexander Beliavsky [Ukraine/Slovenia]
South Africa
* (1909–1981) Kurt Dreyer [Germany—South Africa]
Spain
* (born 1986) Hipólito Asis Gargatagli
Sweden
* (1867–1939) Katarina Beskow
* (1892–1943) Karl Berndtsson
* (1906–2000) Folke Ekström
* (1912–1978) Gösta Danielsson
* (born 1951) Ulf Andersson
* (born 1961) Ralf Akesson
* (born 1963) Pia Cramling
* (born 1966) Evgeny Agrest [Belarus/Sweden]
* (born 1982) Pontus Carlsson
Tajikistan
* (born 1978) Farrukh Amonatov
Turkey
* (born 1964) Suat Atalik
* (born 1982) Ekaterina Atalik [Russia/Turkey]
Ukraine
* (1873–1928) Oscar Chajes [Ukraine—Austria—United States]
* (1876–after 1909) Louis Eisenberg [Ukraine—United States]
* (1879–1965) Fyodor Duz-Khotimirsky
* (1882–1962) Ossip Bernstein [Ukraine—United States]
* (1889–1952) Efim Bogoljubov [Ukraine/Germany]
* (1892–1919) Aleksandr Moyseyevich Evensohn [Ukraine—Russia]
* (1892–1984) Fedor Bogatyrchuk [Ukraine/Canada]
* (1904–1996) Victor Buerger [Ukraine—England]
* (1919–1977) Isaac Boleslavsky
* (born 1921) Anatoly Bannik
* (1924–2006) David Bronstein
* (born 1936) Lev Aptekar [Ukraine/New Zealand]
* (born 1952) Iossif Dorfman [Ukraine—France]
* (born 1953) Alexander Beliavsky [Ukraine—Slovenia]
* (born 1960) Alexander Chernin [Ukraine—Hungary]
* (born 1969) Anjelina Belakovskaia [Ukraine—United States]
* (born 1978) Vladimir Baklan
* (born March 1983) Olena Boytsun
* (born May 1983) Pavel Eljanov
* (born 1985) Zahar Efimenko
* (born 1986) Alexander Areshchenko
United Kingdom
* (1876–1956) Grace Alekhine [United States/United Kingdom/France]
England
* (1765–1850) Aaron Alexandre [Germany/France/England]
* (1798–1878) John Cochrane
* (1825–1874) Thomas Wilson Barnes
* (1826–1882) Samuel Boden
* (1830–1908) Henry Bird
* (1840–1892) Edward Chamier [England—France]
* (1841–1912) Jacob Ascher [England—Canada]
* (1841–1924) Joseph Henry Blackburne
* (1848–1925) Amos Burn
* (1849–1916) Robert Henry Barnes [England/New Zealand]
* (1859–1951) Joseph Henry Blake
* (1862–1920) Horatio Caro [England/Germany]
* (1872–1955) Henry Ernest Atkins
* (1899–1974) Conel Hugh O'Donel Alexander
* (1904–1996) Victor Buerger [Ukraine—England]
* (1907–1980) Gerald Abrahams
* (born 1929) Leonard Barden
* (born 1946) Michael Basman
* (born 1947) Jana Bellin [Czech Republic/England]
* (born 1949) George Botterill [England/Wales]
* (born April 1960) Murray Chandler [New Zealand—England]
* (born July 1960) Nigel Davies
* (born 1961) Keith Arkell
* (born 1 March 1967) Stuart Conquest
* (born 14 March 1967) John Emms
* (born 1971) Michael Adams
* (born 1990) Anya Corke [England—Hong Kong]
Scotland
* (1908–1983) James Macrae Aitken
* (born 1973) Jacob Aagaard [Denmark—Scotland]
Wales
* (1790–1872) William Davies Evans
* (born 1949) George Botterill [England—Wales]
United States
* (1826–1888) Armand Blackmar
* (1841–1909) Eugene Delmar
* (1854–1913) David Graham Baird
* (1873–1928) Oscar Chajes [Ukraine—Austria—United States]
* (1876–after 1909) Louis Eisenberg [Ukraine—United States]
* (1876–1956) Grace Alekhine [United States/United Kingdom/France]
* (1888–1962) Roy Turnbull Black
* (before 1895–1958) Jacob Bernstein
* (1900–1981) Irving Chernev [Russia—United States]
* (1901–1963) Weaver Warren Adams
* (1903–1981) Tihomil Drezga [Croatia—USA
* (1904–1972) Mary Bain
* (1907–1998) Boris Blumin [Russia—Canada—United States]
* (1908–1969) Leonids Dreibergs [Latvia—United States]
* (1910–2000) Arthur Dake
* (1911–1992) Sidney Norman Bernstein
* (1912–2001) John W. Collins
* (1913–2006) Herbert Avram
* (1914–2005) Arnold Denker
* (born April 1928) Robert Byrne
* (born July 1928) Pal Benko [Hungary—United States]
* (born January 1929) Hans Berliner [Germany—United States]
* (born October 1929) Arthur Bisguier
* (1930–1976) Donald Byrne
* (born 1931) John Curdo
* (born 1932) [Larry Evans]]
* (1937–2001) Claude Bloodgood
* (born 1939) Leroy Dubeck
* (born April 1944) Jude Acers
* (born May 1944) Roman Dzindzichashvili [Georgia—Israel—United States]
* (born 1945) Lev Alburt [Russia—United States]
* (born 1949) Walter Browne [Australia—United States]
* (born 1956) Larry Christiansen
* (born January 1957) Anna Akhsharumova [Russia—United States]
* (born March 11, 1957) Elena Donaldson-Akhmilovskaya [Russia—Georgia—United States]
* (born March 23, 1957) James Eade
* (born September 1957) Mark Diesen
* (born 1958) John W. Donaldson
* (born 1964) Joel Benjamin
* (born January 1966) Maxim Dlugy [Russia—United States]
* (born March 1966) Maurice Ashley [Jamaica—United States]
* (born 1967) Camilla Baginskaite [Lithuania—United States]
* (born 1969) Anjelina Belakovskaia [Ukraine—United States]
* (born 1983) Varuzhan Akobian [Armenia—United States]
* (born 1984) Vinay Bhat
* (born 1988) Tatev Abrahamyan [Armenia—United States]
* (born 1992) Fabiano Caruana [United States—Italy]
Uzbekistan
* (born 1966) Aleksei Barsov
Vietnam
* (born 1917) César Boutteville [Vietnam—France] | WIKI |
StableBit CloudDrive Advanced Settings
From Covecube - Wiki
CloudDrive.Service.config
You can tweak advanced settings in Stablebit CloudDrive by editing a .config file in notepad.
The file is located in C:\Program Files\StableBit\CloudDrive\CloudDrive.Service.exe.default.config.
In order to put the file into effect, you will need to rename the .config file to CloudDrive.Service.exe.config and restart the StableBit CloudDrive system service (or reboot).
Any time you upgrade, or reinstall CloudDrive, it writes an updated "default" config file, but leaves the current "CloudDrive.Service.exe.config" alone so it doesn't alter any of your settings.
Editing the config file
Open the file in notepad. You will see an XML formatted file. If you're not familiar with XML then all that you need to know is that the values that you can change look like this:
<value>True</value>
You can change this line to:
<value>False</value>
The setting name is right above that line:
<setting name="CoveFsLogSizeMB" serializeAs="String">
In this case the name is CoveFsLogSizeMB.
There are also numerical values and time values.
Settings
Settings are organized by function.
Obsolete settings are crossed out.
CloudDrive
• CloudDrive_CultureOverride - Overrides the UI culture setting. When set, text will appear in a different language than your OS culture. Set to a culture string such as "de", "es", "fr", etc... This works with remote control as well. When connecting to a StableBit CloudDrive machine with an overridden culture, the UI on the connecting machine will be in the overridden culture.
• CloudDrive_ServiceLoggingEnabled - Enables normal service logging, such as remote control info, duplication and/or balancing errors, and other normal output.
CloudFsDisk
• CloudFs_LogSizeMB - The binary kernel log size. 100MB can be from a few minutes to 10 minutes worth of logs, depending on I/O activity. The kernel binary log records every operation on the pool in a high performance and compact log file.
• CloudFs_TracingFlushS - This sets flush to disk the interval. 0 will flush on every trace.
• CloudDrive_PingHost - Sets the IP address of the host we use to verify that there is internet connection.
• CloudDrive_WaitForInternetS - Sets the amount of time that we will wait for a response when checking for internet connectivity.
CacheTrim
• CacheTrim_BlockSize -
• CacheTrim_MaximumBlockCount -
PinDiskMetadata
• PinDiskMetadata_IntervalM - This sets how often to check for file system metadata to pin to the local cache.
IoManager
• IoManager_ReadThreads - Sets how many threads to use for asynchronous read tasks. These tasks are used throughout StableBit CloudDrive to parallelize various file system operations.
• IoManager_WriteThreads - Sets how many threads to use for asynchronous write tasks. These tasks are used throughout StableBit CloudDrive to parallelize various file system operations.
• IoManager_DefaultConnectionLimit - Sets the limit to how many connections that we can have open at one time.
• IoManager_WriteRetries - How many times we will retry writing a block of data before an error is generated.
• IoManager_HttpTimeoutMS - Sets the time out limit for requests to and from CloudProviders, so that we are not waiting forever for a response.
• IoManager_UseHttpCompression - Enables HTTP Compression for the Cloud Providers that support it.
• IoManager_ReadAbort - Sets the time out for read request failures.
• IoManager_WriteAbort - Sets the time out for write request failures.
SettingsIoManager
• SettingIoManager_ReadRetries - How many times we will retry a read a block of data before an error is generated.
DeleteCloudDrive
• DeleteCloudDrive_Retries - Specifies the number of times we will retry deleting a CloudDrive before failing.
WholeChunkIoImplementation
• WholeChunkIoImplementation_PartialWriteAggregationMS -
ValidateLoging
• ValidateLoging_MaxDegreeOfParallelism -
RemoteControl
• RemoteControl_Port - Specifies the port used by DrivePool for remote management.
• RemoteControl_MulticastGroupIp - The multicast group IP to use for peer discovery.
• RemoteControl_MulticastGroupPort - The multicast group port to use for peer discovery.
• RemoteControl_MulticastTimeToLive - Controls the number of "hops" the remote control packets will travel before being dropped, to prevent the network from being flooded.
• RemoteControl_StaticPeerSeekTime - How often to check whether an offline static peer has gone online.
LocalIo
• LocalIo_ReleaseHandlesDelayMS - Sets the time out for when to release idle handles (Locks) on files.
Don't forget to rename the config file after you make the change and restart the server (or service), as noted at the top of this page.
RemoteControl.xml
Allows you to configure some of the settings for the Remote Control features of the CloudDrive User Interface.
The file is located in C:\Program Files\StableBit\CloudDrive\RemoteControl.default.xml on the server.
In order to put the file into effect, you will need to rename it to RemoteControl.xml and restart the server (or just restart the StableBit CloudDrive system service).
Any time you upgrade, or reinstall CloudDrive, it writes an updated RemoteControl.default.xml file, so it will include any updated settings but leaves the current RemoteControl.xml alone so it doesn't alter any of your settings.
MulticastDiscovery
This setting is configured to be "enabled" by default, so that the User Interface will automatically find clients. However, you can set the value to "False" and this will only list entries that you have manually added to the "Peer" list.
The setting should look like this:
<MulticastDiscovery Enabled="True" />
Peers
The Peers Section allows you to specify a list of computers that you want available, in cases such as a specific computer isn't picked up by the automatic discovery, or if you want to disable automatic discovery and manually list the computers available.
All clients must be running the same version of CloudDrive, and you must have any additional balancer Plugins installed as well.
Peer
You need to manually create an entry for each computer to be added. You can use the computer's host/DNS name, or the IP address, and you can specify a different port (if the service is configured for that, see Control above).
<Peer>192.168.0.123</Peer>
<Peer>STORAGESERVER</Peer>
<Peer>192.168.0.123:27515</Peer>
<Peer>STORAGESERVER:27515</Peer>
Don't forget to rename the config file after you make the change and restart the server (or service), as noted at the top of this page. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
The selective advantage of host feminization: a case study of the green crab Carcinus maenas and the parasitic barnacle Sacculina carcini
Male crabs infected by parasitic barnacles (Rhizocephala) are known to be morphologically feminized. Here, we investigate morphological chances in green crabs, Carcinus maenas, induced by the parasitic barnacle Sacculina carcini. Infected males acquire a broader, longer and segmented abdomen, fringed with marginal setae. Copulatory appendages and pereopods are reduced in length, and the chelae become smaller. The feminization show great individual variation. Males with scars from lost externae, the parasites reproductive organ situated under the abdomen, are less modified than males carrying an externa, and the feminization is more pronounced in smaller than in larger males. No super-feminization is evident in female crabs that remain morphologically unaffected by infection. The protective value of a parasitically induced enlargement of the male abdomen may constitute an adaptation that increases parasite longevity. The additional effects on male morphology are viewed as pleiotropic side effects of the main adaptive value of enlarging the abdomen. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Vien de Nus
Vien de Nus is a red Italian wine grape variety that is grown primarily in the Valle d'Aosta DOC. It is particularly associated with the town of Nus where it is the primary grape in the Nus Rouge wine of the region. Outside of this region, the grape is rarely found elsewhere and is nearly extinct.
DOC rules
Within the larger Valle d'Aosta DOC, Vien de Nus is a permitted variety in several smaller DOC designated wines each with their own unique DOC specification on how Vien de Nus is used. These include:
* Nus Rouge - Primarily Vien de Nus (min 60%) with Petit Rouge and Pinot noir permitted up to 40%. The grapes must be harvested at a yield no greater than 8 tonnes/hectare with the finished win attaining a minimum alcohol level of 11%. The wine must have a minimum of 6 months aging prior to release.
* Arnad-Montjovet - Primarily Nebbiolo (min 70%) with Vien de Nus permitted as a blending component along with Dolcetto, Pinot noir, Freisa and Neyret up to 30%. The grapes must be harvested at a yield no greater than 8 tonnes/hectare with the finished win attaining a minimum alcohol level of 11%. The wine must have a minimum of 8 months aging prior to release. A separate supérieur bottling can be produced with a minimum alcohol level of 12% and at least two years aging prior to release.
* Donnas - Primarily Nebbiolo (85% min) with Vien de Nus permitted as a blending component along with Freisa and Neyret up to 15%. The grapes must be harvested at a yield no greater than 7.5 tonnes a hectare with the finished win attaining a minimum alcohol level of 11%. The wine must be aged for a minimum of 2 years prior to release.
* Enfer d'Arvier - Primarily Petit Rouge (min 60%) with Vien de Nus permitted as a blending component along with Gamay, Dolcetto, Pinot noir and Freisa and Neyret up to 15%.
* Torrette - Primarily Petit Rouge (min 70%) with Vien de Nus permitted as a blending component along with Fumin, Pinot noir, Gamay, Neyret and Dolcetto up to 30%. The grapes must be harvested at a yield no greater than 10 tonnes/hectare with the finished win attaining a minimum alcohol level of 11%. The wine must have a minimum of 6 months aging in oak prior to release. A separate supérieur bottling can be produced with a minimum alcohol level of 12% and at least 8 months aging in wood.
Synonyms
Vien de Nus has been known under a variety of synonyms including Gros oriou, Gros rodzo, Gros rouge, Gros vien, Gros vien de Nus, Oriou gros, Plant de Nus, Rouge de Fully and Rouge mâle d'Arvier. | WIKI |
# We've used this one forever. zcat $CWD/patch/xorg-server/x11.startwithblackscreen.diff.gz | patch -p1 --verbose || { touch ${SLACK_X_BUILD_DIR}/${PKGNAME}.failed ; continue ; } # Without this patch, combo mouse/keyboard (such as Logitech through unified # receiver) may be unable to set the desired keyboard layout. zcat $CWD/patch/xorg-server/xorg-server.combo.mouse.keyboard.layout.patch.gz | patch -p1 --verbose || { touch ${SLACK_X_BUILD_DIR}/${PKGNAME}.failed ; continue ; } # Fix a segfault in xorg-server-1.20.0. Odds are good this will be fixed in # the next xorg-server and will no longer apply then. zcat $CWD/patch/xorg-server/fix-nouveau-segfault.diff.gz | patch -p1 --verbose || { touch ${SLACK_X_BUILD_DIR}/${PKGNAME}.failed ; continue ; } ## From Fedora Rawhide 2018/7 (possibly useful, doesn't seem like it will hurt anything): #zcat $CWD/patch/xorg-server/0001-Always-install-vbe-and-int10-sdk-headers.patch.gz | patch -p1 --verbose || { touch ${SLACK_X_BUILD_DIR}/${PKGNAME}.failed ; continue ; } # The upstream nouveau developers recommend this. On newer nvidia cards it works # better to use the generic modesetting ddx rather than nouveau. # Reference: https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=94844 # Added here 2018/7. zcat $CWD/patch/xorg-server/0001-xfree86-use-modesetting-driver-by-default-on-GeForce.patch.gz | patch -p1 --verbose || { touch ${SLACK_X_BUILD_DIR}/${PKGNAME}.failed ; continue ; } # Only use Intel DDX with pre-gen4 hardware. Newer hardware will the the modesetting driver by default: zcat $CWD/patch/xorg-server/06_use-intel-only-on-pre-gen4.diff.gz | patch -p1 --verbose || { touch ${SLACK_X_BUILD_DIR}/${PKGNAME}.failed ; continue ; } # Patch some more security issues: zcat $CWD/patch/xorg-server/CVE-2022-3550.patch.gz | patch -p1 --verbose || { touch ${SLACK_X_BUILD_DIR}/${PKGNAME}.failed ; continue ; } zcat $CWD/patch/xorg-server/CVE-2022-3551.patch.gz | patch -p1 --verbose || { touch ${SLACK_X_BUILD_DIR}/${PKGNAME}.failed ; continue ; } # This one doesn't apply properly, but it's for OSX anyway :) #zcat $CWD/patch/xorg-server/CVE-2022-3553.patch.gz | patch -p1 --verbose || { touch ${SLACK_X_BUILD_DIR}/${PKGNAME}.failed ; continue ; } | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Keil and Delitzsch,Biblical commentary the old testament the pentateuch, trad James Martin, volume 1, 1885.djvu/396
tribe of Joseph had received their inheritance by lot, the congregation assembled at Shilo, and there erected the tabernacle, and it was not till after this had been done, that the partition of the land was proceeded with and brought to completion. But although this meeting of the whole congregation at Shilo, and the erection of the tabernacle there, was generally of significance as the turning point of the history, it was of equal importance to all the tribes, and not to Judah alone. If it were to this event that Jacob's words pointed, they should be rendered, “till they come to Shiloh,” which would be grammatically allowable indeed, but very improbable with the existing context. And even then nothing would be gained. For, in the first place, up to the time of the arrival of the congregation at Shilo, Judah did not possess the promised rule over the tribes. The tribe of Judah took the first place in the camp and on the march (Num 2:3-9; Num 10:14), - formed in fact the van of the army; but it had no rule, did not hold the chief command. The sceptre or command was held by the Levite Moses during the journey through the desert, and by the Ephraimite Joshua at the conquest and division of Canaan. Moreover, Shilo itself was not the point at which the leadership of Judah among the tribes was changed into the command of nations. Even if the assembling of the congregation of Israel at Shiloh (Jos 18:1) formed so far a turning point between two periods in the history of Israel, that the erection of the tabernacle for a permanent continuance at Shilo was a tangible pledge, that Israel had now gained a firm footing in the promised land, had come to rest and peace after a long period of wandering and war, had entered into quiet and peaceful possession of the land and its blessings, so that Shilo, as its name indicates, became the resting-place of Israel; Judah did not acquire the command over the twelve tribes at that time, nor so long as the house of God remained at Shilo, to say nothing of the submission of the nations. It was not till after the rejection of “the abode of Shiloh,” at and after the removal of the ark of the covenant by the Philistines (1 Sam 4), ), with which the “tabernacle of Joseph” as also rejected, that God selected the tribe of Judah and chose David (Psa 78:60-72). Hence it was not till after Shiloh had ceased to be the spiritual centre for the tribes of Israel, over whom Ephraim had exercised a kind of rule so long as the central sanctuary of the nation continued in | WIKI |
Royal Grenada Police Force
The Royal Grenada Police Force (RGPF) is responsible for law enforcement in Grenada. The RGPF enforces criminal, immigration, and maritime laws. It is also held responsible for seaport security and fire services. With 14 police stations and over 940 staff members, the force responds to over 15,000 crimes and incidents per year. The Royal Grenada Police Force also has a paramilitary force for national defense.
History
The RGPF dates back to 1853 as simply the Grenada Police Force. In 1854, the RGPF was based at Fort George, Grenada and supported by the Colonial Government of Grenada. The force grew slowly and by 1923, the police force had 92 soldiers.
During the People's Revolutionary Government's brief revolutionary era in the early 80s, the RGPF was known as the Grenada Police Service. During this period, the police lost virtually all of its authority and was forced to delegate many of its powers with the newly formed People's Revolutionary Army. Its headquarters under the leadership of Prime Minister Maurice Bishop was moved from Fort George (renamed by that time to Fort Rupert) to Melville Street on 24 May 1979.
The name was reverted and the police headquarters returned to Fort George following in October 1983 following the military coup that was led by General Hudson Austin with the United States invasion of Grenada. Prior to 1984, officers recruited into the force were trained at the Regional Police Training Centre in Barbados.
Between the 1905–1907, the National Band of Grenada was established in the RGPF as a drum and bugle corps. It was then called the Government Band, which comprised volunteers including tradesmen. On 1 August 1967, the band was renamed RGPF band having Mr. Switch De Couteau as its first Inspector of Police as bandmaster.
Today, the RGPF is the sole law enforcement agency for the country. The RGPF is permitted up to 1,025 sworn members, however, currently only has 940 members. Approximately 14% of the force is female.
Departments
The RGPF has 18 distinct departments with different purposes. These departments include a fire department, police headquarters, a prosecution department, immigration department, drug squad, police band, coast guard, training academy, traffic and transport department, criminal records office, criminal investigation department, community relations department, port police department, information technology unit, and a special victims unit.
Additionally, there is a department dedicated to providing security for the Government House, workplace and residence of the Governor-General of Grenada and a Special Branch for diplomatic and other governmental security.
Finally, there is a Special Services Unit for high profile cases.
Commissioners
* Stephen Bascombe (1969-1970)
* R. King (1970-1971)
* Rugent David (1971)
* R.L. Barrow (1971-1973)
* Nugent David (1973-1974)
* Osbert James (1974-1975)
* J. Usen (1975-1976)
* Osbert James (1976)
* Adonis Francis (1976)
* Osbert James (1976-1978)
* Anthony Bernard (1978)
* Osbert James (1978-1979)
* Raphael Stanislaus (1979)
* James Clarkson (1979-1981)
* A. B. Bernar (1981)
* Major Ian St. Bernard (1981)
* Major Patrick McLeish (1981-1983)
* Fitzroy Bedeau (1995-2005)
* Winston James (2015 - 2018)
* Edvin Martin (2018-Present) | WIKI |
Why Boeing Stock Is Flying Higher Tuesday Afternoon
What happened
Shares of airplane manufacturer Boeing (NYSE: BA) got a huge lift Tuesday when Bloomberg reported, late in the morning, that Amazon.com (NASDAQ: AMZN) is buying 11 Boeing 767-300 airplanes.
As of 3:15 p.m. EST, Boeing stock is still up 4.7% on the news -- and that's kind of weird.
Image source: Amazon.com.
So what
Why is it weird? Isn't it great news that Amazon is buying Boeings?
Well, sort of yes, but also sort of no. You see, Amazon isn't buying new Boeing airplanes, and it isn't even buying them from Boeing. Rather, as Bloomberg notes, the planes Amazon is buying for its Prime Air delivery service are all "used Boeing 767-300 planes" -- seven of which are being purchased from Delta Air Lines (NYSE: DAL), with four more coming from WestJet Airlines.
The former Delta jets are expected to join Prime Air in 2022, and the former WestJets will begin service this year, after first being converted from passenger airliners into an air freighter configuration.
Now what
If Amazon isn't buying jets directly from Boeing, though, why are investors taking this as good news for Boeing?
Because the short answer is that it isn't good news -- or at least not immediately. Over time, Amazon will presumably hire Boeing to maintain and perhaps make upgrades on its new airplanes, generating service revenue for the airplane-building giant. But the longer-term picture is even more important to Boeing. Bloomberg notes that this is the first time Amazon has ever bought airplanes outright, as opposed to leasing them from other companies. And if this is a sign of where things are heading, then there's every possibility that in future years, Amazon will buy airplanes directly from Boeing.
In that regard, after inducting the new planes into service, Amazon expects its Prime Air fleet to comprise about 85 planes by the end of 2022. The fleet is expected to more than double in size over time, moreover, to 200 aircraft.
And if that's correct, then Boeing should have plenty of opportunities to sell brand-new aircraft to Amazon in the future.
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John Mackey, CEO of Whole Foods Market, an Amazon subsidiary, is a member of The Motley Fool's board of directors. Rich Smith has no position in any of the stocks mentioned. The Motley Fool owns shares of and recommends Amazon. The Motley Fool recommends Delta Air Lines and recommends the following options: long January 2022 $1920 calls on Amazon and short January 2022 $1940 calls on Amazon. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Bihariganj Assembly constituency
25.73583°N, 86.97917°W
Bihariganj Assembly constituency is an assembly constituency in Madhepura district in the Indian state of Bihar. Niranjan Kumar Mehta of Janata Dal (United) is the current MLA.
Overview
As per Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008, No. 71 Bihariganj Assembly constituency is composed of the following: Bihariganj and Gwalpara community development blocks; Biriranpal, Madhuban, Rampur Khora, Kishunganj, Pararia, Barahi Anadpura and Pipra Karoti gram panchayats of Uda Kishunganj CD Block; Gram Panchayats Haripur Kala, Digghi, Singiyon, Raghunathpur, Kolhaypatti Dumriya, Rajni, Gangapur, Dinapatti Sakhuwa, Pokhram Parmanadpur, Jorgama, and Rampur gram panchayats and Murliganj notified area of Murliganj CD Block.
Biharganj Assembly constituency is part of No. 13 Madhepura (Lok Sabha constituency). | WIKI |
Zhenjiang Sports and Exhibition Center
The Zhenjiang Sports and Exhibition Center is a complex of sports and exhibition facilities in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China. It is located in the center of Nanxu New Town (南徐新城), north of Danshan Park (蛋山公园), occupying an area of 690 mu.
The complex comprises a multi-purpose stadium named Zhenjiang Sports Centre Stadium with 31,200 seats, a separate 77,537-square-meter indoor stadium and exhibition building, and a 41,115-square-meter comprehensive training building. The indoor stadium has a seating capacity of 6,405, including 4,845 fixed seats and 1560 moveable ones, and the exhibition hall can accommodate 503 standard-sized stalls. The comprehensive training building, also called the Citizens' Sport Center, includes a swimming and diving center, a tennis center, a table tennis center, and other facilities for aerobics, dancing, martial arts, etc. | WIKI |
CKAP-FM
CKAP-FM is a Canadian radio station, which broadcasts at 100.9 FM in Kapuskasing, Ontario. The station airs an adult contemporary format branded as 100.9 Moose FM. CKAP also has a rebroadcaster in Hearst, CKHT-FM, at 94.5 FM.
The station was launched in 1965 by Kapuskasing Broadcasting, airing at 580 AM. It was acquired by Mid-Canada Communications in 1987, becoming part of the Mid-Canada Radio network. In 1990, Mid-Canada Radio was acquired by the Pelmorex Radio Network.
In 1999, the Pelmorex stations were sold to Haliburton Broadcasting Group. Haliburton converted CKAP to the FM band in 2001. Initially branded as Mix 100, the station adopted the Moose FM brand the following year.
In 2003, CKAP was authorized to add a rebroadcaster in Hearst to operate at 94.5 FM, as CKHT.
On July 30, 2010, Haliburton Broadcasting received CRTC approval to make a number of technical changes for CKHT-FM Hearst.
On April 23, 2012 Vista Broadcast Group, which owns a number of radio stations in western Canada, announced a deal to acquire Haliburton Broadcasting Group, in cooperation with Westerkirk Capital. The transaction was approved by the CRTC on October 19, 2012. | WIKI |
INTERNATIONAL PAPER COMPANY, Plaintiff, Appellee, v. The INHABITANTS OF THE TOWN OF JAY, MAINE, et al., Defendants, Appellees. Appeal of STATE OF MAINE.
No. 89-1295.
United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit.
Heard Aug. 3, 1989.
Decided Oct. 10, 1989.
Peter J. Brann, Asst. Atty. Gen., with whom James E. Tierney, Atty. Gen., and Thomas D. Warren, Deputy Atty. Gen., Augusta, Me., were on brief, for appellant.
Theodore E. Dinsmoor with whom David G. Oedel, Gaston & Snow, Boston, Mass., Gerald F. Petruccelli, Mary P. Mitchell and Petruccelli, Cox & Martin, Portland, Me., were on brief for appellees the Inhabitants of the Town of Jay, Me., et al.
William J. Kayatta, Jr., with whom Catherine R. Connors and Pierce, Atwood, Scribner, Allen, Smith & Lancaster, Portland, Me., were on brief, for appellee Intern. Paper Co.
Before CAMPBELL, Chief Judge, TORRUELLA and SELYA, Circuit Judges.
LEVIN H. CAMPBELL, Chief Judge.
The state of Maine (“Maine”) appeals from the district court’s denial of its motion to intervene in a lawsuit brought by International Paper Company (“IP”) against the town of Jay, Maine. The issue on appeal is whether Maine’s interest in the suit, which challenges a local environmental ordinance as violative of state law, is sufficient to require the district court to allow Maine to intervene under one or more of the provisions of Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 24. Finding no legal error or abuse of discretion, we affirm the lower court’s denial of Maine’s motion to intervene.
In June of 1988, IP brought an action for declaratory and injunctive relief against the town of Jay and several of its officials in the United States District Court for the District of Maine. IP sought to invalidate a so-called Environmental Control and Improvement Ordinance which the town had enacted. Among various federal and state bases for attack, IP alleged that the ordinance was preempted by Maine’s state environmental laws. Resolving IP’s lawsuit may require the district court to interpret previously uninterpreted provisions of Maine’s environmental laws, as well as provisions of Maine’s recently modified Home Rule statute.
On July 15, 1988, Maine filed a motion with the district court to intervene as a party defendant, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2403(b) and Rule 24 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Maine sought to intervene only to address IP’s claims that the ordinance violates state law and IP’s claim that it is entitled to attorney’s fees against the taxpayers of Jay other than itself. On August 1, 1988, IP filed an objection to Maine’s motion to intervene. The town took no position in the district court on Maine’s motion, although it has filed a brief in this court arguing that Maine is entitled to intervene under Federal Rules 24(a)(2) and 24(b).
On August 10, 1988, subsequent to commencement of IP’s suit, Maine brought suit in state court against IP alleging that IP had violated several provisions of Maine’s environmental law. That action is still pending in state court.
On February 16, 1989, the district court rendered a decision denying Maine’s motion to intervene. International Paper Co. v. Inhabitants of the Town of Jay, 124 F.R.D. 506 (D.Me.1989). This appeal followed. Maine now argues that it was entitled to intervention on three separate grounds: 1) statutory intervention of right under Rule 24(a)(1) in conjunction with 28 U.S.C. § 2403(b); 2) intervention as of right under Rule 24(a)(2); and 3) permissive intervention under Rule 24(b). We will address these three arguments in turn.
I. Intervention As of Right Under Rule 24(a)(1)
Rule 24(a)(1) provides: “Upon timely application anyone shall be permitted to intervene in an action: (1) when a statute of the United States confers an unconditional right to intervene_” Fed.R.Civ.P. 24(a)(1). Maine claims that Section 2403(b) of the Judicial Code gives it an unconditional right to intervene in this action. Section 2403(b) provides:
In any action, suit, or proceeding in a court of the United States to which a State or any agency, officer, or employee thereof is not a party, wherein the constitutionality of any statute of that State affecting the public interest is drawn in question, the court shall certify such fact to the attorney general of the State, and shall permit the State to intervene for presentation of evidence, if evidence is otherwise admissible in the case, and for argument on the question of constitutionality. ...
28 U.S.C. § 2403(b).
IP responds that its action does not question “the constitutionality of any statute of [the] State” since it challenges only an ordinance enacted by the town of Jay, rather than a statute passed by the Maine legislature. Alternatively, IP argues that even if the ordinance is deemed to be a “statute of [the] State,” section 2403(b) would not provide a right of intervention in this case, because if ordinances of a town are state statutes, then towns must necessarily be state agents. And if this is so, then an agency of the state — the town of Jay — is already a party to this action, hence section 2403(b) does not apply.
Maine contends that ordinances adopted by the town of Jay are indeed state statutes for purposes of section 2403(b), but that, nonetheless, the town is not an agent of the state for purposes of the same statute.
The district court accepted Maine’s contention that a municipal ordinance is a state statute for purposes of section 2403(b), but held that a municipal corporation, such as the town of Jay, is an agency of the state for purposes of section 2403(b). 124 F.R.D. at 508-09. Accordingly, the court held that section 2403(b) did not entitle Maine to intervene as of right.
We agree with the district court’s ultimate conclusion that section 2403(b) does not provide Maine with a right of intervention, but we follow a different path to that result. Instead of holding that Jay is an agent of Maine for purposes of section 2403(b), we rule that in challenging a municipal ordinance IP is not questioning the constitutionality of a state statute.
The phrase “statute of [the] State” precisely describes enactments of the state legislature but only embraces local ordinances if one adds to its strict meaning — a local ordinance, after all, is not normally referred to as a “statute,” nor is it normally viewed as operating at the level of state governance. Although neither the legislative history nor the case law relative to section 2403(b) provides much guidance on the intended scope of the provision, there are numerous cases interpreting the term “State statute” in former 28 U.S.C. § 2281 (Repealed. Pub.L. No. 94-381, §§ 1, 2, Aug. 12, 1976). Section 2281, which was repealed by the same act that enacted section 2403(b), provided that an application in federal court for an injunction against enforcement of a “statute of a State” on grounds of unconstitutionality should not be granted unless the application was heard and determined by a three judge court. The Supreme Court has consistently held that section 2281 applies only to “state statute[s] of general and statewide application,” and that “[t]he term ‘statute’ in § 2281 does not encompass local ordinances or resolutions.” Moody v. Flowers, 387 U.S. 97, 101, 87 S.Ct. 1544, 1548, 18 L.Ed.2d 643 (1967) (citing cases). See also Strasser v. Doorley, 432 F.2d 567, 568 n. 1 (1st Cir.1970) (under section 2281, a “single-judge district court is not prevented ... from passing upon the constitutionality of a local ordinance, but only of a state statute”).
A major reason given by the Court for excluding local ordinances from the scope of section 2281 was “that notice of the hearing must be given to the Attorney General — a precaution which would scarcely be deemed necessary in a suit of interest only to a single locality.” Ex Parte Collins, 277 U.S. 565, 569, 48 S.Ct. 585, 586, 72 L.Ed. 990 (1928). Since section 2403(b) likewise requires the giving of special notice to the state Attorney General, the same reasoning can be said to apply here.
Maine argues that the proper reference point for determining the scope of “State statute” is not section 2281, but rather 28 U.S.C. § 2403(a). Section 2403(a), which predates section 2403(b), provides:
In any action, suit or proceeding in a court of the United States to which the United States or any agency, officer or employee thereof is not a party, wherein the constitutionality of any Act of Congress affecting the public interest is drawn in question, the court shall certify such fact to the Attorney General, and shall permit the United States to intervene for presentation of evidence, if evidence is otherwise admissible in the case, and for argument on the question of constitutionality....
28 U.S.C. § 2403(b). In support of its position, Maine relies on the Senate Report on section 2403(b), which states,
The present section 2403 gives the United States the right to intervene in any action challenging the constitutionality of a Federal statute when the United States is not a party. The new subsection (b) provides for a similar right of intervention on the part of a State.
S.Rep. No. 204, 94th Cong.2d Sess., at 9 (1976), reprinted in 1976 U.S.Cong. & Ad. News 1988, 1997.
We agree that section 2403(b) should be construed consistently with section 2403(a). However, the cases interpreting “Act of Congress” under section 2403(a) do not support Maine’s broad reading of the State statute provision in section 2403(b). On the contrary, they suggest the same interpretation as do the cases interpreting section 2281. For example, in Keyes v. Madsen, 179 F.2d 40 (D.C.Cir.1949), cert. denied, 339 U.S. 928, 70 S.Ct. 628, 94 L.Ed. 1349 (1950), the court held that section 2403(a) does not apply to laws of the District of Columbia Code, which “apply only in the District of Columbia and concern only [matters of local interest].” 179 F.2d at 43. See also Hamilton Nat’l Bank v. District of Columbia, 176 F.2d 624, 630 n. 3 (D.C.Cir.) (section 2403(a) does not apply to local laws of the District of Columbia), cert. denied, 338 U.S. 891, 70 S.Ct. 241, 94 L.Ed. 547 (1949); Robbins v. Lady Baltimore Foods, Inc., 678 F.Supp. 1323, 1329 n. 2 (N.D.Ill.1987) (section 2403(a) does not apply to provisions “enacted solely to satisfy parochial desires”), reversed in part on other grounds, 868 F.2d 258 (7th Cir.1989).
In sum, the relevant authority as well as the statutory language indicate that a local ordinance is not a statute of the state within section 2403(b), and we are not aware of any substantial support for Maine’s broader interpretation. Accordingly, we hold that section 2403(b) does not apply to the Jay ordinance in question.
II. Intervention as of Right Under Rule 24(a)(2)
Maine contends, alternatively, that it is entitled to intervene as of right under Rule 24(a)(2). The Rule provides:
Upon timely application anyone shall be permitted to intervene in an action: ... (2) when the applicant claims an interest relating to the property or transaction which is the subject matter of the action and the applicant is so situated that the disposition of the action may as a practical matter impair or impede the applicant’s ability to protect that interest, unless the applicant’s interest is adequately represented by existing parties.
Fed.R.Civ.P. 24(a)(2). Thus, a party seeking intervention of right under Rule 24(a)(2) must demonstrate three things: 1) that it has a direct and substantial interest in the subject matter of the litigation; 2) that its ability to protect the interest may be impaired if it is not allowed to intervene; and 3) that its interest will not be adequately represented by an existing party. See, e.g., Keith v. Daley, 764 F.2d 1265, 1268 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 980, 106 S.Ct. 383, 88 L.Ed.2d 336 (1985).
Maine contends that the disposition of this action could, as a practical matter, impair its ability to protect its interest in the proper interpretation of Maine’s environmental enforcement statutes. Maine further contends that its interest will not be adequately represented by the existing parties. We note, however, that Maine and the town of Jay are in substantial agreement as to the proper outcome of this case. Both not only take the position that IP’s claims are without merit, but, insofar as appears, have few if any material differences over reasoning. Maine claims, nonetheless, that its “concern with the statewide application of the court’s interpretation” will not be adequately protected by Jay’s “more parochial interest in the validity of its own ordinance.” In addition, Maine asserts that it disagrees with the town as to “whether a federal court should interpret the scope and effect of Maine’s environmental laws.”
IP, while not disputing the timeliness of Maine’s petition to intervene, argues that Maine has not demonstrated a legal interest sufficient to justify intervention under Rule 24(a)(2). IP insists that Maine’s general interest in the proper interpretation of its laws is not a “significantly protectable interest.” IP further argues that even if Maine has demonstrated a protectable interest, it has not here demonstrated sufficient impairment. Finally, IP argues that even if these first two requirements are met, the town of Jay will adequately represent Maine’s interests.
The district court held that Maine had failed to show that the resolution of this lawsuit will impair or impede Maine's ability to protect its interest in its environmental regulatory program. 124 F.R.D. at 509. The district court observed that since a federal court’s interpretation of Maine’s environmental laws will not be binding in the courts of Maine—the final interpretation of these is still left to the state judiciary— Maine’s ability to protect its interest in the interpretation of these laws will not be threatened by the instant proceedings.
A threshold question for us to determine is whether we review the district court’s denial of Rule 24(a)(2) intervention on an abuse of discretion standard or as if coming before us de novo. It is settled that denials of permissive intervention under Rule 24(b) are reviewed only for abuse of discretion. See Allen Calculators, Inc. v. National Cash Register Co., 322 U.S. 137, 142, 64 S.Ct. 905, 908, 88 L.Ed. 1188 (1944) (denial of permissive intervention under Rule 24(b) is an exercise of discretion and is not reviewable unless clear abuse is shown). See generally United States v. Hooker Chemicals & Plastics, 749 F.2d 968, 990 n. 19 (2d Cir.1984). Additionally, whether a party’s motion for intervention as of right under Rule 24(a)(2) is timely is usually reviewed under an abuse of discretion standard. See generally 7C Wright, Miller, & Kane, Federal Practice and Procedure § 1916, at 422 (2d ed. 1986) (citing cases). However, the proper standard for reviewing a determination of Rule 24(a)’s substantive requirements is less clear.
This court has held that the question of whether "intervention can be granted when the only defendant in the case has not appeared” is a question of law subject to de novo review. Flynn v. Hubbard, 782 F.2d 1084, 1086 (1st Cir.1986). On the other hand, we have also held that the district court’s denial of intervention of right under Rule 24(a)(2) for failure to make a timely motion will be reversed only for abuse of discretion. See Chase Manhattan Bank v. Corporacion Hotelera de Puerto Rico, 516 F.2d 1047, 1049 (1st Cir.1975). This circuit has yet to rule as to the review standard for more substantive matters under Rule 24(a)(2).
Arguably, determining whether a party is entitled to intervention as of right under Rule 24(a)(2) is simply a matter of applying the Rule’s requirements, and, therefore, no discretion is involved. See, e.g., 7C Wright & Miller, supra, § 1913, at 375-76 (“In theory ... there is no discretion when intervention is under Rule 24(a).”). The Ninth Circuit has taken the position that “the district court’s decision [on a Rule 24(a)(2) motion] involves application of a rule of law to the established facts, and— the issue primarily involves consideration of legal concepts in the mix of fact and law.” United States v. Stringfellow, 783 F.2d 821, 826 (9th Cir.), cert. granted on other grounds, 476 U.S. 1157, 106 S.Ct. 2273, 90 L.Ed.2d 717 (1986); vacated on other grounds, 480 U.S. 370, 107 S.Ct. 1177, 94 L.Ed.2d 389 (1987). Following this reasoning, the Ninth Circuit has held that denials of intervention of right under Rule 24(a)(2) are subject to de novo review. Stringfellow, 783 F.2d at 825-26; California v. Tahoe Regional Planning, 792 F.2d 779, 781 (9th Cir.1986). See also Grubbs v. Norris, 870 F.2d 343, 345 (6th Cir.1989) (adopting the Ninth Circuit’s de novo standard of review in Rule 24(a) cases); Walters v. Atlanta, 803 F.2d 1135, 1151 n. 16 (11th Cir.1986) (“We review unsuccessful motions to intervene as of right under Rule 24(a) for error.”).
However, although Rule 24(a)(2) seems to provide for three simple and distinct requirements, application of the Rule involves the pragmatic balancing of a range of factors that arise in varying factual situations. Cf. 7C Wright & Miller, supra, § 1908, at 301 (“in determining whether disposition of the action will impede or impair the applicant’s ability to protect his interest the question must be put in practical terms rather than in legal terms”). As Judge Friendly has observed:
The various components of the Rule are not bright lines, but ranges — not all ‘interests’ are of equal rank, not all impairments are of the same degree, representation by existing parties may be more or less adequate.... Application of the Rule requires that its components be read not discretely, but together_ Finally, although the Rule does not say so in terms, common sense demands that consideration also be given to matters that shape a particular action or particular type of action.
United States v. Hooker Chemicals & Plastics Corp., 749 F.2d 968, 983 (2d Cir.1984). Thus, in light of “the great variety of factual circumstances in which intervention motions must be decided, the necessity of having the ‘feel of the case’ in deciding these motions, and other considerations essential under a flexible reading of Rule 24(a)(2),” id. at 991, several courts have adopted an abuse of discretion standard for reviewing denials of intervention under Rule 24(a)(2). See, e.g., Harris v. Pernsley, 820 F.2d 592, 597 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 947, 108 S.Ct. 336, 98 L.Ed.2d 363 (1987); Hooker, 749 F.2d at 991; Virginia v. Westinghouse Elec. Corp., 542 F.2d 214, 216 (4th Cir.1976). We think this is the better approach in the present situation and we adopt it.
It can be objected that this approach undermines the distinction between permissive intervention under Rule 24(b) and intervention as of right under Rule 24(a)(2). As Justice Brennan has observed, in distinguishing Rule 24(a) from Rule 24(b), “Rule 24(a) considerably restricts the court’s discretion whether to allow intervention of right by providing that [a party meeting the requirements of Rule 24(a)(1) or (2)] ‘shall be permitted to intervene.’ ” Stringfellow v. Concerned Neighbors in Action, 480 U.S. 370, 382 n. 1, 107 S.Ct. 1177, 1180 n. 1, 94 L.Ed.2d 389 (1987) (Brennan, J., concurring in part and concurring in the judgment). However, that denials of permissive intervention under Rule 24(b) and denials of intervention of right under Rule 24(a)(2) are both reviewed only for abuse of discretion does not mean that the scope of review is identical. Since the “district court has less discretion to limit the participation of an intervenor of right than that of a permissive intervenor,” Stringfellow, 480 U.S. at 382, 107 S.Ct. at 1181 (Brennan, J., concurring) (emphasis added), the abuse of discretion standard is “more stringent” as applied to denials of intervention of right than as applied to denials of permissive intervention. See Harris v. Pernsley, 820 F.2d 592, 597 (3d Cir.1987). We will, therefore, reverse a district court’s denial of intervention if the court fails to apply the general standard provided by the text of Rule 24(a)(2), or if the court reaches a decision that so fails to comport with that standard as to indicate an abuse of discretion. See Pernsley, 820 F.2d at 597; Hooker, 749 F.2d at 992.
Applying these principles in the present circumstances, we hold that the district court did not abuse its discretion in denying the petition for intervention under Rule 24(a)(2).
We recognize that under certain circumstances “the adverse impact of stare decisis standing alone may be sufficient to satisfy the [practical impairment] requirement.” 3B J. Moore, Moore’s Federal Practice 1124.07[3], at 24-65 (2d ed. 1987). This is especially true where a court is deciding questions of first impression. Thus, in Nuesse v. Camp, 385 F.2d 694 (D.C.Cir.1967), the court observed that
we may expect that a decision by the [Federal] District Court here, the first judicial treatment of this question, would receive great weight, whether the question arose again in this jurisdiction or in the federal court in Wisconsin. Should this court on appeal render a decision in the [proposed intervenor’s] absence, and contrary to his view, he would presumably be hampered in seeking to vindicate his approach in another court.
Id. at 702.
This reasoning, however, is less compelling when the district court is interpreting state law, rather than federal law. Because of the limited precedential weight that federal court interpretations of state law carry in a state court, several courts have held that where a federal court is interpreting state law, the stare decisis effect of its decision will not provide a sufficient practical impairment to justify intervention under Rule 24(a)(2). See, e.g., Blake v. Pallan, 554 F.2d 947, 954 (9th Cir.1977); National Union Fire Insurance Co. v. Continental Illinois Corp., 113 F.R.D. 582, 536 (N.D.Ill.1986).
Moreover, as the Blake court observed, “the stare decisis problem is greatly lessened where there are parties already in the suit whose position on the issues is the same as the absent party’s.” Blake, 554 F.2d at 954. We might be less inclined to sustain the district court were this a case where a fundamental conflict existed between the town and the state over the proper construction of Maine’s environmental laws. Maine, however, has not demonstrated any significant difference between its position concerning the interpretation of its laws and that of the Town, nor has it suggested that the Town is inadequately represented. Counsel for Jay may consult with, and be assisted by, the state and seems likely to adopt much the same legal position relative to Maine’s environmental laws as would the state of Maine were it allowed to intervene. In this situation, it was not unreasonable for the district court to conclude that a refusal to let Maine intervene would not impair or impede Maine’s ability to protect its interest in the interpretation of its environmental laws. Accordingly, on the present facts, we find no abuse of discretion in the district court’s denial of intervention as of right under Rule 24(a)(2).
III. Permissive Intervention Under Rule 24(b)
Maine’s final argument is that its motion to intervene should have been granted pursuant to Federal Rule 24(b). Rule 24(b) provides, in part:
Permissive Intervention. Upon timely application anyone may be permitted to intervene in an action: ... (2) when an applicant’s claim or defense and the main action have a question of law or fact in common. When a party to an action relies for ground of claim or defense upon any statute or executive order administered by a federal or state governmental officer or agency or upon any regulation, order, requirement or agreement issued or made pursuant to the statute or executive order, the officer or agency upon timely application may be permitted to intervene in the action. In exercising its discretion the court shall consider whether intervention will unduly delay or prejudice the adjudication of the rights of the original parties.
Fed.R.Civ.P. 24(b) (emphasis added). Maine claims that since IP has relied on Maine statutes in challenging the Jay ordinance, the state (through the office of its Attorney General) is entitled to intervene pursuant to the second sentence of Rule 24(b)(2), which is emphasized above.
Maine did not present the district court with a jurisdictional basis for permissive intervention under Rule 24(b), and IP did not raise the issue of subject matter jurisdiction. However, the district court raised the issue itself and held that there was no independent jurisdictional basis for Maine’s request for permissive intervention. 124 F.R.D. at 510. The court reasoned that there was no federal question jurisdiction over the controversy between IP and Maine, because Maine sought intervention only to address IP’s state law claims. Id. at 510-11. In addition, the court ruled that there was no diversity jurisdiction, since a state is not a “citizen” for purposes of diversity jurisdiction. Id. at 511. Accordingly, the court denied the request for permissive intervention.
On appeal Maine does not assert an independent basis for jurisdiction. Instead, it argues that the district court erred in requiring it to establish an independent jurisdictional basis for government intervention under Rule 24(b). We do not agree. Rather, we think that an independent jurisdictional basis is a prerequisite for government intervention under Rule 24(b)(2) and that the district court properly rejected Maine’s request for permissive intervention.
As a general rule, parties entitled to intervention as of right under Rule 24(a) fall within a federal court’s ancillary jurisdiction; no independent basis of jurisdiction is, therefore, necessary. See 3B Moore, supra, 1124.18[1], at 24-198-199; 7C Wright & Miller, supra, § 1917, at 472-75. The general rule is just the opposite, however, for permissive intervention. As this court has previously stated, “permissive intervention ordinarily must be supported by independent jurisdictional grounds.” Moosehead Sanitary District v. S.G. Phillips Corp., 610 F.2d 49, 52 n. 5 (1st Cir.1979). See also Blake v. Pallan, 554 F.2d 947, 955-56 (9th Cir.1977). See generally 7C Wright & Miller, supra, § 1917, 464-469.
While apparently not contesting this general rule, Maine argues that the requirement of an independent jurisdictional basis should only apply where a party seeks to intervene to assert a claim or a defense under the first sentence of Rule 24(b)(2) or pursuant to a statute conferring a conditional right to intervene under Rule 24(b)(1). The requirement should not apply, Maine argues, where a “party to an action relies for ground of claim or defense upon [a statute administered by the government],” and the state government seeks to intervene simply to express its views concerning the state statute.
The section of Rule 24(b) relied on by Maine was added to the Rule by a 1946 amendment. The purpose of the amendment was to avoid “exclusionary constructions of the rule” that would unduly restrict government intervention. Fed.R.Civ.P. 24(b) Advisory Committee Note. See also Nuesse v. Camp, 385 F.2d 694, 705 (D.C.Cir.1967) (“the amendment in effect expands the concept of ‘claim or defense’ insofar as intervention by a governmental officer or agency is concerned.”) (quoting 3B Moore, supra, ¶ 24.10[5], at 24-132). Maine argues that it would frustrate this purpose to require a proposed government intervenor to establish an independent basis of jurisdiction.
While we concede, as Maine states in its brief, that “Rule 24(b) was amended to break down barriers to government intervention,” it is equally clear that Rule 24(b) cannot break down jurisdictional barriers to intervention. See Fed.R.Civ.P. 82 (“These rules shall not be construed to extend the jurisdiction of the United States district courts....”); see also Finley v. United States, — U.S. -, 109 S.Ct. 2003, 2009 n. 6, 104 L.Ed.2d 593 (1989). Thus, in the absence of an independent basis for jurisdiction, the government can intervene only if its “claim or defense” falls within the district court’s ancillary jurisdiction. Where the government’s interest in a lawsuit is not sufficient to justify intervention under Rule 24(a), that interest is not so closely related to the initial claim as to fall within the district court’s ancillary jurisdiction. Cf. Warren G. Kleban Engineering Corp. v. Caldwell, 490 F.2d 800, 802 (5th Cir.1974) (ancillary jurisdiction operates only when there is a tight nexus between the ancillary claim and a subject matter properly in federal court and cannot support the presence of permissive intervenors).
Maine’s suggestion that a governmental body or officer seeking to intervene under the second sentence of Rule 24(b)(2) could rarely (if ever) establish an independent jurisdictional basis is unpersuasive. The state’s argument seems to be that since it is seeking “simply to make its views known concerning a statute,” rather than to assert a claim, it does not make sense to require it to establish an independent ground for jurisdiction. This argument misconceives the role of an intervenor. If the government merely wants to make its views known, it can very often secure permission to file an amicus brief. By seeking intervention, the government seeks instead to make itself a party to the lawsuit, with all the rights of an original party. See generally 7C Wright & Miller, supra, § 1920, 488-490 (“the intervenor is treated as if he were an original party and has equal standing with the original parties”). Thus, although Maine does not seek to assert a claim in this action, it takes a position on the merits and it would act as a party defendant.
Since a government intervenor under Rule 24(b) becomes a party to the action, either supporting claims or defending against claims, there is no reason to believe that requiring an independent jurisdictional basis erects an impenetrable barrier to government intervention under the second sentence of Rule 24(b)(2). When a state government seeks to intervene under this section of Rule 24(b) as a party defendant, independent jurisdiction would exist when the state seeks to defend the statute against a challenge based on federal law. Since Maine’s motion to intervene was limited to state law issues, the district court properly found that it had no jurisdiction to allow Maine to enter as a permissive intervenor.
Conclusion
We briefly summarize. First, Maine is not entitled to intervene under Rule 24(a)(1) and 28 U.S.C. § 2403(b), because the municipal ordinance challenged in this action is not a “statute of [the] State” within the meaning of 28 U.S.C. § 2408(b). Second, the district court did not abuse its discretion in denying Maine intervention of right under Rule 24(a)(2), as Maine did not show that its ability to protect its interest in the proper interpretation of its laws would be impaired by the ultimate resolution of this lawsuit. Finally, the district court properly denied Maine’s request for permissive intervention under Rule 24(b)(2) for lack of subject matter jurisdiction.
AFFIRMED. Costs to appellee, International Paper Co.
. As a result, we need not determine whether section 2403(b) applies to a situation, such as this, in which the only arguably constitutional issue that the state seeks to address is an issue under the state constitution. Cf. Swift & Co. v. Wickham, 382 U.S. 111, 126 n. 25, 86 S.Ct. 258, 267 n. 25, 15 L.Ed.2d 194 (1965) ("The 'unconsti-nationality’ clause of § 2281 can hardly be thought to encompass the voiding of a state statute for inconsistency with the state constitution.”). Nor need we determine whether the town of Jay is the state’s agent in the lawsuit for purposes of section 2403(b).
. The District of Columbia Circuit has also suggested that a district court's decision whether to grant intervention under Rule 24(a)(2) is entitled to deference. See Cook v. Boorstin, 763 F.2d 1462, 1468 (D.C.Cir.1985) ("Despite the general understanding that ‘[a]n application for intervention of right seems to pose only a question of law,’ we would ordinarily be inclined to give substantial weight to a trial court’s findings with regard to whether intervention would comport with efficiency and due process.”) (citation omitted).
. Indeed, Maine has already filed with the district court an answer to the complaint, an answer to the amended complaint, and an objection to the plaintiffs motion for judgment on the pleadings.
| CASELAW |
Medical College Campus Church (Trivandrum)
Medical College Campus Church is situated in Thiruvananthapuram district, India, adjacent to the Regional Cancer Centre. | WIKI |
Angora Love
Angora Love is the final silent film made by Laurel and Hardy, released on December 14, 1929.
Plot
Laurel and Hardy encounter a wandering goat that becomes attached to them subsequent to their benevolent act of offering it doughnuts. The goat persistently trails them, necessitating its accommodation within their apartment. However, their attempts to conceal the animal from their landlord prove ineffectual, leading to escalating tensions and confrontations.
The situation escalates to a climax marked by a water altercation involving Stan, Ollie, the landlord, a fellow tenant, and a law enforcement officer. As the conflict unfolds, the policeman intervenes, resulting in the arrest of the landlord. Stan and Ollie emerge from the altercation seemingly triumphant. At least until the goat crawls out from under the bed, accompanied by several baby goats.
Cast
* Stan Laurel as Stan
* Oliver Hardy as Ollie
* Harry Bernard as Policeman
* Charlie Hall as Neighbor
* Edgar Kennedy as Landlord
* Charley Young as Mr. Caribeau
Production notes
Angora Love was Laurel and Hardy's final silent film. It was released late in 1929 when most Hollywood studios had fully converted to sound productions. Several jokes would be recycled in Laughing Gravy and The Chimp. The foot rubbing gag was re-used in Beau Hunks. | WIKI |
Judge Knowles
Judge Knowles may refer to:
* Gwynneth Knowles (born 1962), judge of the Family Division of the British High Court
* Hiram Knowles (1834–1911), judge of the United States District Court for the District of Montana
* John Power Knowles (1808–1887), judge of the United States District Court for the District of Rhode Island
* Julian Knowles (judge) (born 1969), judge of the British High Court
* Kimberley S. Knowles (born 1970), associate judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia
* Robin Knowles (born 1960), judge of the High Court of England and Wales | WIKI |
User:Kansas Bear/House of de la Cerda
House de la Cerda is a noble line of the Crown of Castile descending from the Infante Ferdinand de la Cerda, eldest son of King Alfonso X. It was one of four noble lineages that arose directly from the Castilian royal family during the thirteenth century and is the origin of the Dukes of Medinaceli.
The origin of the lineage stems from Infante Alfonso de la Cerda (1270-1333), son of the heir to the throne, Infante Ferdinand de la Cerda who died before his father, Alfonso X. The Alfonso X always stated his successor was his grandson Alfonso de la Cerda, instead of his second son, Infante Sancho. This motivated Sancho to revolt against his father. After a long civil war Sancho was finally crowned. Following an unsuccessful invasion by Aragon and Portugal, a peace settlement removed the Infante de la Cerdas from contention for the Castilian throne.
The lineage of La Cerda continued throughout the Middle Ages and was constituted as a noble house of the first rank, playing a leading role in Castilian politics. This line, like others from the Civil War of mid-fourteenth century, continued through the female line to shift the family heirloom until Dona Isabel de la Cerda, married Bernardo de Bearne, first Count of Medinaceli. | WIKI |
Talk:Southend United F.C.
A note on British English
British English should be used for articles on Britain related topics. Likewise, American English should be used on articles pertaining to American topics. For a clearer example, please visit this sub-section on the differences between their usage. However, is" works better than "are" with the term club as it is a singular and not a plural noun. (Compare with the word team which is a plural noun) -- S iva1979 Talk to me 12:00, 5 November 2006 (UTC)
* I broadly agree but there are some very passionate editors out there who don't and who want the "British" (it isn't how people talk in my part of the country, I assume they mean Northern English) style of plurals for everything. In any case, the stuff is so often illiterate that it scarcely matters Chrismorey (talk) 07:31, 22 December 2013 (UTC)
Split
I've suggested we split out the section relating to Fossets Farm into its own article as it is very large and is not directly about the team. We can then have a section about "Stadia" mentioning Roots Hall and how they are planning on moving to Fossets Farm soon.
PS as we can't have POV on the main article space I just wanted to add: ONE-NIL ONE-NIL ONE-NIL ONE-NIL - Take that Rooney you shrek faced git ;) Mr Weeble Talk Brit tv 22:31, 13 November 2006 (UTC)
* Request deletion that 1-0 is not notable :P ps split is more than neccessary, it takes up almost all of the article. Macktheknifeau 06:29, 20 November 2006 (UTC)
Fair use rationale for Image:Southend United badge.gif
Image:Southend United badge.gif is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.
If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 08:36, 6 June 2007 (UTC)
1906 friendly
This is a wild goose chase, I fear, but I gotta ask. I've got a photo from a 1906 friendly of Magdeburger FC Viktoria von 1896 supposedly playing Southend Utd. Can anyone confirm that there has been such a friendly? Madcynic (talk) 13:18, 14 September 2009 (UTC)
Stadium
I find the first paragraph confusing. It states that Southend has had three stadia, then names four (1. Kursaal, 2. Greyhound Park, 3. Writtle Street, 4. Roots Hall). It then goes on to say that Roots Hall, the current stadium, was Southend's first stadium. Can someone make this clearer? NevarMaor (talk) 00:07, 26 February 2010 (UTC)
Playing record
There appears to be no article of the type "List of X F C seasons" for the club. Given the almost-incredible detail of the History article, could someone not summarise the club's career in a factual and structured way? Chrismorey (talk) 07:26, 22 December 2013 (UTC)
Hitler / Stalin Crap + Infobox Broken
I noticed the infobox was broken & fixed it. At that point I noticed some references to Stalin and Hitler that seemed wrong. I removed those. It would be a good idea for someone more familiar with the club to go through this article and make sure there isn't anything else like that lurking. Agassiz830 (talk) 17:19, 12 May 2014 (UTC)
External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,
I have just added archive links to 2 one external links on Southend United F.C.. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/20081203133709/http://www.southendunited.co.uk/page/WhosWho/0,,10444,00.html to http://www.southendunited.co.uk/page/WhosWho/0,,10444,00.html
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/20081203155743/http://www.southendunited.co.uk/page/HistoryDetail/0,,10444~1028525,00.html to http://www.southendunited.co.uk/page/HistoryDetail/0,,10444~1028525,00.html
Cheers. —cyberbot II Talk to my owner :Online 06:48, 19 October 2015 (UTC)
External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,
I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Southend United F.C.. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/20120212163637/http://www.southendunited.co.uk/page/RootsHall/0,,10444,00.html to http://www.southendunited.co.uk/page/RootsHall/0,,10444,00.html
Cheers.—cyberbot II Talk to my owner :Online 14:22, 6 January 2016 (UTC)
Recentism
Following Michaeldble's addition of a Recentism template in the history section, I have done some significant pruning of this article (much of the detail is still shown in the History of Southend United F.C. article). Given that the last three years have been an almost constant crisis for Southend (echoing the similar crisis at Bury F.C., perhaps - but also unprecedented in Southend's history), I found it difficult to trim further, but other editors may disagree and make further edits.
(I am conscious that Recentism isn't just about too much recent coverage; it is also about insufficient detail regarding past periods. Unfortunately, I don't have access to extensive reliable sources about the club's earlier history.) Paul W (talk) 22:22, 4 October 2023 (UTC) | WIKI |
User:Charlotte Peek
Charlotte Peek (born 21 April 2000)is a South African editor who started her career in late 2015. | WIKI |
Curtis's Botanical Magazine
The Botanical Magazine; or Flower-Garden Displayed, is an illustrated publication which began in 1787. The longest running botanical magazine, it is widely referred to by the subsequent name Curtis's Botanical Magazine.
Each of the issues contains a description, in formal yet accessible language, and is renowned for featuring the work of two centuries of botanical illustrators. Many plants received their first publication on the pages, and the description given was enhanced by the keenly detailed illustrations.
History and profile
The first issue, published on 1 February 1787, was begun by William Curtis, as both an illustrated gardening and botanical journal. Curtis was an apothecary and botanist who held the position of Praefectus Horti (Director) and demonstrator of plants at the Chelsea Physic Garden, who had published the highly praised (but poorly sold) Flora Londinensis a few years before. The publication familiarized its readers with ornamental and exotic plants, which it presented in octavo format. Artists who had previously given over their flower paintings to an affluent audience, now saw their work published in a format accessible by a wider one. The illustrations were initially hand-coloured prints, taken from copper engravings and intended to complement the text. Identification by a general reader was given in exploded details, some of which were given as a section. This was accompanied by a page or two of text describing the plants properties, history, growth characteristics, and some common names for the species.
The first volume's illustrations were mostly by Sydenham Edwards. A dispute with the editors saw his departure to start the rival The Botanical Register. The credit for the first plate (Iris persica) goes to James Sowerby, as did a dozen of Edwards contributions. The first thirty volumes used copper engraving to provide the plates, the hand colouring of these was performed by up to thirty people. An issue might have a circulation of 3000 copies, with 3 plates in each. As costs of production rose, and demand increased, results would be variable within a run. The later use of machine colouring would provide uniformity to the artists work, although the process could not give the same detail for many years. The magazine has been considered to be the premier journal for early botanical illustration.
When Curtis died, having completed 13 volumes (1787–1800), his friend John Sims became editor between 1801 and 1807 (Volumes 15–26) and changed the name. William Hooker was the editor from 1826, bringing to it his experience as a botanist, and as author of the rival magazine, Exotic Botany. W. J. Hooker brought the artist Walter Hood Fitch to the magazine, this artist became the magazines principal artist for forty years.
Joseph Dalton Hooker followed his father, becoming the Director of Kew Gardens in 1865, and editor of its magazine. Fitch resigned from the magazine in 1877 following a dispute with Hooker—for whom Fitch had been preparing illustrations for several books—and Hooker's daughter Harriet Anne Hooker Thiselton-Dyer stepped in. She rendered almost 100 illustrations for publication during the period 1878–1880, helping to keep the magazine viable until the next principal artist, Matilda Smith took over as lead illustrator.
Like Thiselton-Dyer, Smith was brought to the magazine by Hooker, who was her cousin. Between 1878 and 1923 Smith drew over 2,300 plates for Curtis's. Her exceptional contribution was to see her become the first botanic artist of Kew, and she was later made an associate of the Linnean Society—the second woman to have achieved this. The scientific value of the figures and illustration, a source of pride and notability for the magazine, required the careful training of the illustrators. The artist worked closely with the botanist to depict a specimen, the use of exploded details surrounding the depiction gave the volumes practical appeal to botanists, horticulturalists, and gardeners.
The magazine is the greatest serial of botanical illustration yet produced, the consistent quality of the journal's plates and authority make this the most widely cited work of its kind. Other 19th century artists who contributed largely to the magazine include Augusta Innes Withers and Anne Henslow Barnard, Joseph Dalton Hooker's sister-in-law, who was active in the period 1879–1894. The hand-coloured plates were a labor-intensive process, but this tradition was continued by another principal illustrator, Lilian Snelling (1879–1972), from 1921 until 1948 A photomechanical process was implemented after this time. In 1921, Lilian Snelling, took over as chief illustrator on the magazine, a position she held until 1952, producing over 830 paintings and plates during her tenure From 1929, she was assisted by Stella Ross-Craig, a talented illustrator and botanist who remained at Kew until the 1960s, contributing 3000 illustrations to many publications including Curtis's.
It has been published continuously ever since, with a change of name to The Kew Magazine from 1984 to 1994. In 1995 the name reverted to that of the widely cited, Curtis's Botanical Magazine. It continues to be published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew as a publication for those interested in horticulture, ecology or botanical illustration.
The standard form of abbreviation is ''Curtis's Bot. Mag. or Botanical Magazine'' in the citation of botanical literature. | WIKI |
Silvering Silvering - 1 year ago 132
Python Question
Display objects related current user django admin
I'm trying to display only objects related to the current user. Users can upload a file and then they can only see their files in the admin. Here is my models :
class Share(models.Model):
owner = models.ForeignKey(User, default='')
title = models.CharField("File's title", max_length=100, unique=True, default='File')
zip_file = models.FileField('Shared File', upload_to=content_zip_name, validators= [validation_zip])
and my admin.py
from django.contrib import admin
from share.models import Share
class ShareAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('title',)
save_as = True
def queryset(self, request):
qs = super(ShareAdmin, self).queryset(request)
if request.user.is_superuser:
return qs
return qs.filter(owner=request.user)
admin.site.register(Share, ShareAdmin)
I tried with overriding the queryset function but doesn't work..any idea?
Answer Source
You've confused the queryset method (used with list_filter) with the get_queryset method:
The get_queryset method on a ModelAdmin returns a QuerySet of all model instances that can be edited by the admin site. One use case for overriding this method is to show objects owned by the logged-in user.
[Emphasis mine]
class ShareAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('title',)
save_as = True
def get_queryset(self, request):
qs = super(ShareAdmin, self).get_queryset(request)
if request.user.is_superuser:
return qs
return qs.filter(owner=request.user)
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1. Introduction
Sometimes, developers need to find solutions to problems that involve binary operations or binary numbers. This can include requiring developers to convert between decimal and binary numbers.
In this article, we’ll explore different ways we can convert binary numbers to decimal numbers and vice versa using Kotlin.
2. Converting From Binary Numbers to Decimal
In this section, we’ll look at a few ways to convert binary numbers to decimals.
First, let’s clarify what binary and decimal numbers are. A binary number is a base 2 number that is composed of digits 0-1.
On the other hand, a decimal number is a base 10 number composed of digits 0-9.
2.1. Binary to Decimal Algorithm
Let’s look at an algorithm that converts a binary number to a decimal number.
First, we’ll reverse our binary string. This will allow us to easily iterate the digits from right to left, while we increase our counter tracking the positional index of the bit.
While we iterate the binary string in reverse order, we’ll calculate the decimal contribution for each bit by multiplying the bit by 2^i, where i is the bit’s positional index. We can add the result of each of these multiplications together for the final result:
fun binaryToDecimal(binary: String): Int{
val reversedDigits = binary.reversed().toCharArray().map{it.digitToInt()}
var decimalNumber = 0
var i = 0
for (n in reversedDigits) {
decimalNumber += (n * 2.0.pow(i)).toInt()
++i
}
return decimalNumber
}
Now, we can test our function:
@Test
fun `binary to decimal mathematical approach`(){
assertEquals(439, binaryToDecimal("110110111"))
assertEquals(109, binaryToDecimal("1101101"))
assertEquals(27, binaryToDecimal("11011"))
assertEquals(122979, binaryToDecimal("11110000001100011"))
assertEquals(12, binaryToDecimal("1100"))
assertEquals(98, binaryToDecimal("1100010"))
}
2.2. Using toInt() With Radix Method
Alternatively, a simple way to convert a binary number to decimal is to use the default toInt() method on our binary string.
When using this conversion method, it’s important to account for the radix (or base) of the integer that the String represents when the String does not represent a base 10 number. Consequently, to convert such values, we must pass the radix as the optional argument for toInt(). So, in our case, since a binary number is base 2, we need to pass 2 as the radix or base:
@Test
fun `binary to decimal using toInt() method`(){
assertEquals(439, "110110111".toInt(2))
assertEquals(109, "1101101".toInt(2))
assertEquals(27, "11011".toInt(2))
assertEquals(122979, "11110000001100011".toInt(2))
assertEquals(12, "1100".toInt(2))
assertEquals(98, "1100010".toInt(2))
}
3. Converting From Decimal Numbers to Binary
Finally, let’s look at the other side of this problem – converting from decimal numbers to binary.
3.1. Decimal to Binary Using List
We’ll use a list to track each digit we compute, before joining the list together for our final number.
While we iterate, we’ll divide the decimalNumber by 2 and store the remainder in a list. Each of these remainders represents a bit in our binary number. Secondly, we divide the decimalNumber by 2 and update its value. We keep doing these steps while the decimalNumber is greater than zero.
Since our algorithm is using division to extract digits from the right side of the decimal number, reversing the order of the items in our list will yield the final binary number equivalent of the decimal number:
fun decimalToBinary(n: Int): String {
val intList = mutableListOf<Int>()
var decimalNumber = n
var result = ""
var i = 0
while (decimalNumber > 0) {
intList.add(decimalNumber % 2)
decimalNumber /= 2
}
return intList.reversed().joinToString("")
}
Finally, let’s test our custom method:
@Test
fun `decimal to binary mathematical approach`(){
assertEquals("110110111", decimalToBinary(439))
assertEquals("1101101", decimalToBinary(109))
assertEquals("11011", decimalToBinary(27))
assertEquals("1100", decimalToBinary(12))
assertEquals("1100010", decimalToBinary(98))
}
3.2. Using Integer.toBinaryString() Method
Alternatively, another straightforward method we can use to convert a decimal number to binary is by using Integer.toBinaryString(). It’s included by default in Java, which we can leverage in Kotlin.
Ultimately, this approach allows us to pass our number to the built-in conversion function directly:
@Test
fun `decimal to binary using toBinaryString() method`(){
assertEquals("110110111", Integer.toBinaryString(439))
assertEquals("1101101", Integer.toBinaryString(109))
assertEquals("11011", Integer.toBinaryString(27))
assertEquals("1100", Integer.toBinaryString(12))
assertEquals("1100010", Integer.toBinaryString(98))
}
4. Conclusion
To sum up, we’ve explored different ways to convert from a binary number to a decimal number and vice versa. We looked at custom approaches that involve running through an algorithm to achieve the desired results, and we also looked at interesting default methods such as toInt() and Integer.toBinaryString() methods.
As always, the code samples and relevant test cases for this article can be found over on GitHub.
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SQL Introductions
SQL Definition:
SQL is referred as Structured Query Language, a standard query language certified by ANSI and ISO. SQL is used to access different databases like SQL Server, MySQL, MS Access, Sybase, Oracle, DB2, Informix and Teradata etc.
SQL is a database computer language designed for the retrieval and management of data in a relational database. This tutorial will give you a quick push towards SQL database. It covers most of the topics required for a basic understanding of SQL and to get a feel of how it works.
What is need of SQL database?
• It allow us to execute queries against a database.
• It allow us to retrieve data from a database.
• It allow us to insert records in a database.
• It allow us to update records in a database.
• It allow us to delete records from a database.
• It allow us to create new databases.
• It allow us to create new tables in a database.
• It allow us to create stored procedures in a database.
• It allow us to create views in a database.
• It allow us to set permissions on tables, procedures, and views.
How to use SQL in our web Site?
SQL is just a query language, it is not a database. To perform SQL queries, you need to install any database, for example, Oracle, MySQL, MongoDB, PostGre SQL, SQL Server, DB2, etc.
RDBMS stands for Relational Database Management System.
RDBMS is the basis for SQL, and for all modern database systems such as MS SQL Server, IBM DB2, Oracle, MySQL, and Microsoft Access.
The data in RDBMS is stored in database objects called tables. A table is a collection of related data entries and it consists of columns and rows.
Syntax:
• The syntax of a language describes the language elements.
• SQL statements are somewhat like simple English sentences.
• Keywords include SELECT, UPDATE, WHERE, ORDER BY, etc.
• ANSI Standard SQL is the lingua franca for relational databases.
Basic Syntax of SQL:
SQL SELECT Statement
SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM table_name;
SQL CREATE TABLE Statement
CREATE TABLE table_name(
column1 datatype,
column2 datatype,
column3 datatype,
.....
columnN datatype,
PRIMARY KEY( one or more columns )
);
SQL DROP TABLE Statement
DROP TABLE table_name;
SQL CREATE INDEX Statement
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX index_name
ON table_name ( column1, column2,...columnN);
SQL ALTER TABLE Statement
ALTER TABLE table_name {ADD|DROP|MODIFY} column_name {data_ype};
SQL INSERT INTO Statement
INSERT INTO table_name( column1, column2....columnN)
VALUES ( value1, value2....valueN);
SQL-Syntax-in-details | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
MorkaLork Development
Interesting stuff I've picked up over the years...
Mysql 12: ALIAS
2009-04-16 21:19:52 | 150 views | sql mysql table alias header keyword
ALIAS:
Now, normally we might create a table with a "functional" header to a column, like store_name or store_sales which describes the data that is held in that column. If you however want to output the data to a visual table, you might want to change the name of that column header to something less describing and more catchy, such as changing store_sales to just Sales or store_name to just Store. Using the ALIAS keyword, this can be achieved.
This will be our table 'stores'
store_namestore_salesstore_updates
Hanks Hardware25002009-01-01
Santos SuperStore7502008-12-01
Bobs Boutique12502009-01-01
Patty´s Pantstore10502008-12-15
Hanks Hardware17502008-01-01
Syntax:
SELECT table_alias.column column
FROM column
Example:
SELECT store_name Store, SUM(store_sales) Sales
FROM stores
GROUP BY store_name
StoreSales
Bobs Boutique1250
Hanks Hardware4750
Patty´s Pantstore1050
Santos SuperStore750
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KETCHUM, KONKEL, BARRETT, NICKEL & AUSTIN, d/b/a KKBNA Incorporated, a Utah corporation; Kent W. Walker and Michael V. Lee, a Utah partnership, d/b/a The Architectural Partnership; Sheldon L. Pollack Corporation, a California corporation; and Norbert W. Pieper, A.I.A., Inc., a California corporation, Plaintiffs and Appellants, v. HERITAGE MOUNTAIN DEVELOPMENT COMPANY, a Utah corporation, et al., Defendants and Respondents.
No. 890284-CA.
Court of Appeals of Utah.
Dec. 1, 1989.
David M. Wahlquist (argued), James J. Gassity, Merrill F. Nelson, Kirton, McConk-ie & Bushnell, Salt Lake City, Attorneys at Law for Pollack & Pieper.
Richard C. Cahoon, Marsden, Orton & Cahoon, Salt Lake City, for Nordic Constructors.
David R. Olsen (argued), Carl F. Huef-ner, Michael W. Homer, Suitter, Axland, Armstrong & Hanson, Salt Lake City, for respondent, Guar. S & L.
Richard L. Hill, Jeffrey R. Hill, Olsen, Hintze, Nielson & Hill, Provo, for respondent, Heritage Mtn.
Before BENCH, BILLINGS and GREENWOOD, JJ.
BILLINGS, Judge:
Appellants Sheldon L. Pollack Corp., Norbert W. Pieper, A.I.A., Inc. (“appellants”), among other lien holders, filed actions to foreclose their mechanics’ liens recorded against property being developed as a ski resort in Utah County. The construction lender, Guaranty Savings and Loan Association (“Guaranty”), moved for partial summary judgment claiming its trust deed had priority over all mechanics’ liens on the property. The lien holders opposed the motion and filed cross-motions for partial summary judgment on the priority issue. The trial court ruled in favor of Guaranty, and certified its order as final under Utah Rules of Civil Procedure 54(b). Appellants appeal the trial court’s order on priority.
We set forth the relevant, undisputed facts before the trial court when it granted summary judgment in this mechanics’ liens priority dispute. In October 1972, Wilderness Associates, the predecessor in interest of Heritage Mountain Development Co. (“Heritage”), began the planning and development of a ski resort. The master plan for the ski resort contemplated the common development of three contiguous parcels of property in Utah County: 110 acres owned in fee simple (“Fee Property”); 41 acres leased from the State of Utah (“Leased Property”); and 4500 acres of federal land under a special use permit (“Permit Property”).
Between September 1978 and the summer of 1982, Heritage remodeled a barn for a headquarters, and installed sewer and water lines, built parking lots, and made other improvements on the Leased Property. During the same period of time, Heritage cut construction access roads, flagged ski trails and excavated, and performed soil tests on all three parcels. From early 1981 to the summer of 1982, appellants performed architectural, engineering, surveying, consulting, and planning services for the entire ski development.
On November 17, 1982, a mortgage lender obtained a Judgment and Decree of Foreclosure on the Fee Property. Heritage repurchased the Fee Property on June 29, 1983.
Beginning in April of 1983, an engineering firm surveyed and staked the boundaries of the property. In June 1983, Heritage obtained a predevelopment loan from Guaranty. To secure the loan, Heritage executed a trust deed on the property. Guaranty recorded the trust deed on September 15, 1983. At the time of this loan, Guaranty knew that appellants had performed extensive design work on the project. Between June and September of 1983, appellants and others resumed design work on the project.
The long-term financing for the ski development fell through and no additional on-site construction took place. Heritage abandoned the project by the summer of 1984 and left appellants and other contractors unpaid. The lien holders, including appellants, sued to foreclose their mechanics’ liens and Guaranty opposed the suits by asserting its trust deed had priority over all mechanics’ liens.
The district court held that “commencement of work,” for the purpose of establishing priority under Utah Code Ann. § 38-1-5 (1988), requires “visible, on-site” improvements, and thus appellants’ mechanics’ liens did not attach prior to the recording of Guaranty’s trust deed. In addition, the court held the November 1982 foreclosure judgment on the Fee Property barred relation back of appellants’ liens to on-site work performed on the property prior to the date of the foreclosure. The court also concluded that no on-site work occurred between the November 1982 foreclosure and the recording of Guaranty’s trust deed on September 15, 1983, to which the liens could relate back. Appellants challenge each of the trial court’s conclusions claiming the court should have held their mechanics’ liens had priority over Guaranty’s trust deed.
I. EFFECT OF OFF-SITE ARCHITECTURAL WORK ON MECHANICS’ LIENS PRIORITY
Appellants claim that, under Utah Code Ann. §§ 38-1-5 and -10 (1988), their post-foreclosure, pre-trust deed, off-site design work on the project gives their mechanics’ liens priority over Guaranty’s trust deed. We disagree.
Under Utah law, architects’ services are lienable. Utah Code Ann. § 38-1-3 (1981) expressly provides for liens for architectural services:
[Licensed architects and engineers and artisans who have furnished designs, plats, plans, maps, specifications, drawings, estimates of cost, surveys or superintendence, or who have rendered other like professional service, or bestowed labor, shall have a lien upon the property upon or concerning which they have rendered service, performed labor, or furnished or rented materials....
Guaranty does not challenge the validity of the appellants’ liens, but claims its trust deed has priority over all valid mechanics’ liens under the statutory scheme. Priority of mechanics’ liens, including architectural liens, is governed by Utah Code Ann. § 38-1-5 (1988), which provides:
The liens herein provided for shall relate back to, and take effect as of, the time of the commencement to do work or furnish materials on the ground for the structure or improvement, and shall have priority over any lien, mortgage or other encumbrance which may have attached subsequently to the time when the building, improvement or structure was commenced, work begun, or first material furnished on the ground....
Lien statutes are construed broadly in order to achieve their protective purpose. AAA Fencing Co. v. Raintree Dev. & Energy Co., 714 P.2d 289, 291 (Utah 1986); Interiors Contracting, Inc. v. Navalco, 648 P.2d 1382, 1386 (Utah 1982). Further, the phrase “commencement to do work” is construed in favor of the lien claimant. Calder Bros. Co. v. Anderson, 652 P.2d 922, 924 (Utah 1982) (citing Bankers Trust Co. v. El Paso Pre-Cast Co., 192 Colo. 468, 560 P.2d 457 (1977)); see also Tripp v. Vaughn, 747 P.2d 1051, 1055 (Utah Ct.App.1987).
The precise statutory construction issue presented is the meaning of the language “commencement to do work or furnish materials on the ground for the structure or improvement” in section 38-1-5. The district court construed this section to require the commencement of visible, on-site improvements without regard to whether a subsequent lender had actual notice of prior off-site lienable work such as appellants’.
The construction of a statute is a question of law and thus we review the trial court’s conclusion under a correction of error standard. See, e.g., Berube v. Fashion Centre, Ltd., 771 P.2d 1033, 1038 (Utah 1989) (“rulings of a trial court regarding statutory construction are not entitled to particular deference.”); Forbes v. St. Mark’s Hosp., 754 P.2d 933, 934 (Utah 1988) (no deference need be given to trial court’s statutory interpretation).
Appellants claim the district court misconstrued the statute because it did not restrict the modifying phrase “on the ground” to furnishing materials and instead applied it to the earlier disjunctive phrase “commencement to do work.” Appellants argue that section 38-1-5 contemplates alternative times of lien attachment for priority purposes either at the commencement to do work (with no on-site requirement) or at the furnishing of materials on the ground. Thus, they assert their architects’ liens attached for priority purposes at the time they commenced architectural design work.
This issue has never been squarely dealt with by Utah courts. However, Utah case law discussing priority under section 38-1-5 has emphasized visible work performed on the property or the presence of materials, giving notice that work has commenced on the property. In Calder Bros. Co. v. Anderson, 652 P.2d 922 (Utah 1982), the court rejected the lien claimant’s claim of priority because “[a]t no point up to and including the time [the lender’s] mortgage was recorded, was it evident from the inspection of the premises that an improvement had been commenced.” Id. at 924. The court stated that “visible evidence of work performed provides notice to any interested party that work has commenced.” Id. at 924 n. 1.
In First of Denver Mortgage Investors v. C.N. Zundel & Assocs., 600 P.2d 521, 526 (Utah 1979), the court allowed a mechanic to attach a lien to a 44-acre subdivision for its services of putting in water and sewer lines and storm drains. The court, in addressing the visibility of work issue, distinguished this on-site pipeline installation from the architectural and survey work at issue in the case of Aladdin Heating Corp. v. Trustees, 93 Nev. 257, 563 P.2d 82, 84 (1977). In Aladdin, the Nevada Supreme Court required visible signs of construction to inform prospective lenders who inspected the premises that liens had attached and, thus, refused to relate mechanics’ liens back to architectural, survey and soil testing work.
In Western Mortgage Loan Corp. v. Cottonwood Constr. Co., 18 Utah 2d 409, 424 P.2d 437 (1967), the court again stressed the requirement that there be evidence on the ground that work has commenced. The court refused to allow off-site general subdivision improvements not involving the lot at issue and done at a much earlier time to qualify as commencement to do work under the statute. 424 P.2d at 438-39. The court stated that “[t]he problem is one of notice. The presence of materials on the building site or evidence on the ground that work has commenced on a structure or preparatory thereto is notice to all the world that liens may have attached.” Id. at 439.
This court, in Tripp v. Vaughn, 747 P.2d 1051 (Utah Ct.App.1987), refused to allow mechanics’ liens to relate back under section 38-1-5 to survey work done on the property because of the absence of work or materials furnished on the ground by the surveyor. Id. at 1055. The court assumed that “on the ground” applied to both work and materials.
Appellants argue that Zions First Nat’l Bank v. Carlson, 23 Utah 2d 395, 464 P.2d 387 (1970), supports their claim that pre-construction engineering and architectural drawings constitute commencement of work under section 38-1-5. However, the Carlson court specifically stated that it was not dealing with the issue of priority under 38-1-5, but only with the validity of architect’s liens under section 38-1-3. 464 P.2d at 389. The Carlson court merely noted that the architect’s lien would have been valid against the lessor, if the lessee had been the agent of the lessor, even though construction of the building did not occur. Id. at 388. The distinction between the rights of mechanics against the owner of the property where no priority issue exists and the adjustment of relative priorities of third parties in the property is crucial.
Not only is appellants’ construction of “commencement of work” in section 38-1-5 contrary to prior Utah case law, but it results in a tortured, illogical construction of the statutory language. Appellants would have us create two classes of lien holders. Materialmen would be required to deliver their goods to the job site in order to maintain priority. However, architects or engineers would have their liens attach for priority purposes when they first put pen to paper. Thus, a materialman who had engaged in substantial pre-delivery custom design work would be cut off, but not the pure service provider. Not only is this an irrational division, but it is also in conflict with the policy of “equal footing” for lien claimants provided in Utah Code Ann. § 38-1-10 (1988).
Michigan, like Utah, has expanded mechanics’ lien protection to engineers and architects. Nevertheless, the Michigan court expressly rejected the argument that by amending the statute to include architectural services the legislature intended to overturn the former common law requirement of visible, on-site commencement of construction for priority. The court concluded:
[W]e think it unreasonable to believe the Legislature intended to indirectly change [the section of the mechanics' lien statute], containing the traditional and well-established rule requiring a visible, on-site commencement of construction in order to establish priority, by the simple expansion of the lienable services outlined in a different section....
Williams & Works, Inc. v. Springfield Corp., 408 Mich. 732, 293 N.W.2d 304, 311 (1980).
The majority of other jurisdictions which have considered the issue of whether off-site services of architects and engineers constitute the commencement of work for purposes of the priority of mechanics’ liens have answered in the negative. Walker v. Lytton Sav. & Loan Ass’n, 2 Cal.3d 152, 465 P.2d 497, 502, 84 Cal.Rptr. 521, 527 (1970) (architectural services); Williams & Works, 293 N.W.2d at 312 (engineering services); Reuben E. Johnson Co. v. Phelps, 279 Minn. 107, 156 N.W.2d 247, 251-52 (1968) (architectural services); Aladdin Heating, 563 P.2d at 84 (architectural services).
Although each statutory scheme is unique, the decisions are in harmony that physical notice of work on the property must be present before mechanics’ liens have priority over other third parties, especially lenders. See Torkko/Korman/Engi neers v. Penland Ventures, 673 P.2d 769, 773 (Alaska 1983); Walker, 465 P.2d at 501-02, 84 Cal.Rptr. at 526-27; Tracy Price Assocs. v. Hebard, 266 Cal.App.2d 778, 72 Cal.Rptr. 600, 606 (1968); Gollehon, Schemmer & Assocs., Inc. v. Fairway-Bettendorf Assocs., 268 N.W.2d 200, 202 (Iowa 1978); Williams & Works, 293 N.W.2d at 312-13; Aladdin Heating, 563 P.2d at 84.
Appellants argue we should follow the courts of Colorado which have held that preliminary work of an architect, engineer or surveyor is commencement of work for purposes of lien priority. See Weather Eng’g & Mfg., Inc. v. Pinon Springs Condominiums, Inc., 192 Colo. 495, 563 P.2d 346, 349 (1977); Bankers Trust Co. v. El Paso Pre-Cast Co., 192 Colo. 468, 560 P.2d 457, 461 (1977); Park Lane Properties, Inc. v. Fisher, 89 Colo. 591, 5 P.2d 577, 579 (1931). They contend that because Utah adopted its original mechanics’ lien statute from Colorado, under principles of statutory construction we should give Utah’s statute the same construction. State v. Johnson, 12 Utah 2d 220, 364 P.2d 1019, 1020 (1961).
However, this general rule has many exceptions. In Jensen v. Intermountain Health Care, Inc., 679 P.2d 903 (Utah 1984), the Utah Supreme Court stated:
We recognize that when the Legislature adopts a statute from another state, the presumption is that the Legislature is familiar with that state s judicial interpretations of that statute and intends to adopt them also. However, that canon of statutory construction is not a hard and fast principle; it is subject to a number of exceptions, several of which are directly applicable in the instant case. In the first place, it is not applicable where there have been material changes made in the second statute. Secondly, the above-stated rule of statutory construction is subject to the exception that if the borrowed statute is “given a different setting in the adopting state” the construction placed upon the statute in the originating state need not be followed, [quoting 73 Am.Jur.2d Statutes § 334 at 478 (1974).]
Furthermore, the canon of construction referred to is not applicable where the courts of the adopting state are clearly of the opinion that the foreign construction is erroneous. In addition, “the interpretation of an adopted statute by decisions of dates subsequent to that of the adoption cannot have been adopted by the statute.” [quoting 73 Am. Jur. 2d Statutes § 335 at 478 (1974).]
Id. at 904-05 (citations omitted).
Several of the exceptions apply here. Colorado has a different statutory scheme because Colorado has a contract recording system which gives notice of mechanics’ lien claims. In addition, the Colorado statute did not contain the phrase “on the ground” when Utah adopted it in 1943 nor did it contain that phrase when the Colorado court decided that architectural services constitute commencement of work. Finally, the Colorado case law relied upon by appellants was decided after Utah’s adoption of Colorado’s statute and thus, Colorado’s interpretation had not been “placed thereon.”
Appellants finally claim the general case law disallowing pre-construction service liens priority should not apply in this case because the lender had actual notice of their prior substantial architectural and design work.
If this court were to allow architects’ work to establish the “commencement” of the project, not just architects’ liens but all other liens would relate back to the date of the architectural work. Under Utah Code Ann. § 38-1-10 (1988), all mechanics’ liens are on equal footing for purposes of priority. Accordingly, a trust deed recorded after attachment of a mechanics’ lien is inferior in priority to that lien and all other mechanics’ liens filed on the property. First of Denver Mortgage, 600 P.2d at 526-29.
Other jurisdictions have rejected the same argument because of concern over a possible adverse impact on the financing of construction projects. See Walker, 465 P.2d at 502-03, 84 Cal.Rptr. at 527-28; Tracy Price Assocs., 72 Cal.Rptr. at 606; Williams & Works, 293 N.W.2d at 314.
We believe the predictability sought by the mechanics’ lien statutory scheme would be undermined if actual notice of architectural work by a third party claiming priority qualified this off-site design work as “commencement to do work” for priority purposes under section 38-1-5. First, it would multiply litigation over the issue of whether the third party had actual notice. Second, all mechanics’ liens for work performed on the project, not just the work of the architect, would suddenly take priority over a secured lender with the consequent adverse impact on construction financing. Finally, and most importantly, had the legislature intended priority under section 38-1-5 to be affected by actual notice, it could have so stated but did not.
We are persuaded that the policy of giving third parties notice of possible mechanics’ liens requires visible, on-site construction to qualify for “commencement of work” under section 38-1-5. Thus, the off-site work of architects does not constitute commencement of work under section 38-1-5.
II. EFFECT OF FORECLOSURE ON MECHANICS’ LIEN PRIORITY
The trial court held the November 17, 1982, foreclosure judgment on the fee property cut off the mechanics’ liens claimed for visible on-site road and ski trail construction, and construction of a project headquarters on the Leased Property. Appellants argue that the foreclosure judgment should not bar the relation back of their liens to the work done prior to the foreclosure, relying on Duckett v. Olsen, 699 P.2d 734, 736 (Utah 1985) and First of Denver Mortgage Invs. v. C.N. Zundel & Assocs., 600 P.2d 521, 527 (Utah 1979). These Utah cases held that the voluntary release of an early mechanics’ lien does not affect the status of subsequent lien holders and these subsequent lien holders are entitled to the priority date of the released lien under 38-1-10. We are not persuaded that the effect of a foreclosure judgment and a voluntary lien waiver should be the same in analyzing lien priority.
Section 78-37-3 of Utah’s foreclosure statute deals specifically with unrecorded liens and provides:
No person holding a conveyance from or under the mortgagor of the property mortgaged, or having a lien thereon, which conveyance or lien does not appear of record in the proper office at the time of the commencement of the action, need be made a party to such action, and the judgment therein rendered, and the proceedings therein had, are as conclusive against the party holding such unrecorded conveyance or lien as if he had been made a party to the action.
Utah Code Ann. § 78-37-3 (1987) (emphasis added). The statute clearly provides that an unrecorded lien is cut off by a foreclosure action.
Although not specifically so stating, the trial judge seems to have lumped the Fee, Leased, and Permit Property together in finding that the foreclosure of the Fee Property cut off prior work done by mechanics for the purpose of priority. Guaranty offers no authority to support this unique position and we find it untenable. Rather Guaranty argues as an alternative ground on appeal that the doctrine of material abandonment cuts off the pre-fore-closure work on the Leased and Permit Property.
III. MATERIAL ABANDONMENT
Guaranty argues that there was a “material abandonment” of the project and thus appellants’ liens cannot relate back to the work performed on the Leased'and Permit Properties during the pre-fore-closure, pre-trust deed period. The Utah Supreme Court, in setting out the general principles applicable to the relation back of mechanics’ liens, has alluded to the doctrine of material abandonment.
For one contractor’s lien to relate back to the commencement of work or supplying of materials by another contractor however, both contractors’ projects must have been performed in connection with what is essentially a single project performed under a common plan prosecuted with reasonable promptness and without material abandonment.
Calder Bros. Co. v. Anderson, 652 P.2d 922, 924 (Utah 1982) (emphasis added) (citing Miller Elec. Co. of Miami, Inc. v. Sweeny, 199 So.2d 734 (Fla.Dist.Ct.App.1967); National Lumber Co. v. Farmer & Son, Inc., 251 Minn. 100, 87 N.W.2d 32 (1957); Fryman v. McGhee, 108 Ohio App. 501, 163 N.E.2d 63 (1958)). The court, however, did not define the term “material abandonment.”
The determination of what constitutes material abandonment is a factual issue. See generally Frank J. Klein & Sons, Inc. v. Laudeman, 270 Md. 152, 311 A.2d 780 (1973); Brettschneider v. Wellman, 230 Minn. 225, 41 N.W.2d 255 (1950).
Other jurisdictions discussing material abandonment focus on whether third parties would have notice that a construction project had commenced and had not been abandoned. Mack Indust., Inc. v. Donald W. Nelson, Inc., 134 So.2d 821 (Fla.Dist.Ct.App.1961) (weeds and grass had grown on the land since the work was done, disguising the work and failing to give notice to third parties); Dickason Goodman Lumber Co. v. Foresman, 120 Okla. 168, 251 P. 70 (1926) (found abandonment where basement was constructed and lived in for four years before a bungalow was added to the structure, noting that a home is usually built in one continuous plan).
However, the fact that a building project may be temporarily halted does not necessarily mean that an abandonment has occurred. In Brettschneider v. Wellman, 230 Minn. 225, 41 N.W.2d 255 (1950), the Minnesota Supreme Court ruled that the excavation of the basement of the building was the commencement of work on the project and that it was one continuous project even though the excavation took place prior to the purchase of the land or the contract to build and two months before any other work took place. 41 N.W.2d at 260. “Many things might cause a building project to be temporarily halted, but if there is no abandonment or severance of the contract it may still be entire and continuous in nature within the contemplation of the statute.” Id.
Appellants cite Frank J. Klein & Sons, Inc. v. Laudeman, 270 Md. 152, 311 A.2d 780 (1973), as support for the proposition that a cessation of work for several months does not constitute material abandonment. In Klein, construction on a nursing home was halted for 15 months because of difficulties in obtaining state approval, bank financing and completion bonds. The court noted that
by limiting the inquiry to an investigation of whether the work has been interrupted for too long a period, appellants oversimplify the question. The issue more correctly stated is whether there had been sufficient cessation of work to constitute the end of construction on one project and the initiation of work on another.
311 A.2d at 784.
The court stated that in order to determine whether a material abandonment has occurred, an inquiry into intention must be made.
If the initial desire to complete a project dissipates to such a degree that construction stops with no intention at that time of ever proceeding as originally planned, a mechanics’ lien for labor and material provided after a fresh commencement of work on a new project cannot possibly relate back to the commencement of the abandoned structure. This is so because a lien attaches to an individual project and if there is an objective manifestation of intent that the work on that project should come to a halt, only the construction performed before work ceases pursuant to that intention has a lien priority.
Id. at 785.
The Klein court found that, although there was a significant cessation of work, it was due to reasons not unheard of in construction — loss of financing, failure to get a bond, and state approval — and that there was no evidence of an intention to give up the project. An additional reason the court found no material abandonment was that the project went ahead with little change in the original plans. Id. at 786.
In summary, what constitutes a’ “material abandonment” sufficient to prevent relation back of mechanics’ liens under section 38-1-5 is a complex inquiry. A court must examine the facts and make findings. A key concern is whether third parties would be on notice that work was continuing or, rather, would believe that work on the initial project had ceased.
In the case before us, the record is not clear when work ceased on the project. The only evidence in the record is the testimony of a Heritage employee who testified that general work on the project ceased for approximately twelve months after the foreclosure. However, five months after the foreclosure, in April of 1983, the property was surveyed and stakes were placed marking the boundaries of the property. The trial judge did not rule on the issue of abandonment below. On the undisputed facts in the record, we cannot say, as a matter of law, that a material abandonment occurred such to prevent appellants’ liens from relating back to pre-trust deed work on the Leased and Permit Properties. Thus, we reverse and remand for a hearing and the entry of findings on whether there was a material abandonment such to prevent relation back of the appellants’ liens to pre-trust deed, on-site work on the Leased and Permit Properties.
IV. POST-FORECLOSURE, PRE-TRUST DEED, ON-SITE IMPROVEMENTS
Appellants finally contend that their liens can relate back to surveying, staking, and soil core sampling work performed on the Leased Property following the November 1982 foreclosure but prior to the recording of the trust deed. Once again, appellants contend that because the work is “lienable,” it automatically constitutes “commencement of work” under section 38-1-5. However, the “mere fact that work was a proper subject of a lien cannot establish priority where it does not give notice of commencement.” Clark v. General Elec. Co., 243 Ark. 399, 420 S.W.2d 830, 834 (1967).
This court has previously considered the issue of whether surveying work is sufficient to establish relation back under section 38-1-5. In Tripp v. Vaughn, 747 P.2d 1051 (Utah Ct.App.1987), the court concluded that the staking, which was the only visible manifestations of the surveyor’s work, was not “sufficiently noticeable or related to actual construction to impart notice to a prudent lender.” Id. at 1055.
In Aladdin Heating Corp. v. Trustees, 93 Nev. 257, 563 P.2d 82 (1977), the Nevada Supreme Court refused to relate mechanics’ liens back to architectural, survey and soil testing work. In First of Denver Mortgage Invs. v. C.N. Zundel & Assocs., 600 P.2d 521 (Utah 1979), the Utah Supreme Court cited Aladdin, and implied that surveying and staking alone was not sufficient for commencement of work under section 38-1-5. Id. at 526.
Utah’s position is consistent with the majority of jurisdictions which have ruled that preparing the soil, leveling the ground, placing survey stakes, and taking soil samples do not constitute “visible” on-site improvements required to establish priority under mechanics’ liens statutes. See Clark, 420 S.W.2d at 834 (the clearing, grading, and filling of land does not constitute commencement); Roberts v. First Fed. Sav. & Loan Ass ’n, 222 So.2d 32, 34 (Fla.1969) (staking does not constitute commencement); Sheridan, Inc. v. Palchanis, 172 So.2d 872, 873 (Fla.Dist.Ct.App.1965) (staking to locate improvements does not constitute commencement); Haines, Jones, Farrell, White, Gima Architects, Ltd. v. Maalaea Land Corp., 62 Haw. 13, 608 P.2d 405, 408 (1980) (boundary marking with pins and test borings not a visible improvement); Gollehon, Schemmer & Assocs., Inc. v. Fairway-Bettendorf Assocs., 268 N.W.2d 200, 202 (Iowa 1978) (survey, boundary marking with pins, lathes, marking pipeline and sewer easements do not constitute commencement); M.E. Kraft Excavating & Grading Co. v. Barac Constr. Co., 279 Minn. 278, 156 N.W.2d 748, 753-54 (1968) (preliminary staking does not constitute commencement); H.B. Deal Constr. Co. v. Labor Discount Center, Inc., 418 S.W.2d 940, 952 (Mo.1967) (surveying work to determine boundaries, location of building and excavation do not constitute commencement); Williams & Works, Inc. v. Springfield Corp., 408 Mich. 732, 293 N.W.2d 304, 312 (1980) (soil borings and off-site engineering do not constitute commencement); North Shaker Boulevard Co. v. Herriman Nat’l Bank, 22 Ohio App. 487, 153 N.E. 909 (1924) (test holes and staking do not constitute commencement); Diversified Mortgage Inv. v. Lloyd D. Blaylock Gen. Contractor, Inc., 576 S.W.2d 794, 802 (Tex.1978) (staking, surveying, and test holes do not constitute commencement); Mortgage Assocs., Inc. v. Monona Shores, Inc., 47 Wis.2d 171, 177 N.W.2d 340, 350-51 (1970) (stakes to lay out streets and cutting and filling levels do not constitute commencement).
Based on the authority discussed, we conclude there was no post-foreclosure, pre-trust deed work sufficient to qualify for commencement of work because surveying, staking, and soil testing do not constitute a visible on-site improvement as required by Utah law for relation back under sections 38-1-5 and -10.
CONCLUSION
Off-site preliminary architectural work, while it is lienable work against the property owner, does not constitute commencement of work for priority purposes under section 38-1-5. Therefore, the appellants must relate their work back to other visible, on-site, pre-trust deed work in order to establish their lien priority over Guaranty’s trust deed.
The post-foreclosure, pre-trust'deed surveying, staking, and soil testing work does not qualify as commencement of work under section 38-1-5.
The November 1982 foreclosure on the Fee Property extinguished all unrecorded liens on that property including mechanics’ liens. Therefore, work performed on that property prior to the foreclosure cannot be the basis for relation back for mechanics’ lien priority purposes. However, the foreclosure does not extinguish the liens on the Leased and Permit Properties.
The trial court did not rule on the issue of whether there was a material abandonment of the project which would require a recommencement of work to establish lien priority on the Leased and Permit Property. This court cannot on the record before us find as a matter of law that there was or was not a material abandonment, therefore, this issue is remanded to the trial court for determination.
BENCH and GREENWOOD, JJ„ concur.
. We agree with the writer of an article on Utah mechanics’ lien law:
Architects and surveyors are specifically entitled to mechanics’ liens under the Utah statute. Their liens create a priority problem, however, since their services are usually performed before the "visible to the eye" commencement of construction. The appropriate solution to this problem would appear to be that their liens should attach [for priority purposes] at the time of the "visible to the eye” commencement of construction. Otherwise, there will be no practical way for interested parties to ascertain whether or not liens have accrued on the property.
Note, The Utah Law of Mechanics' Liens, 1966 Utah L.Rev. 181, 187-88 (footnotes omitted).
. Utah Code Ann. § 38-1-10 (1988) provides:
The liens for work and labor done or material furnished as provided in this chapter shall be upon an equal footing, regardless of date of filing the notice and claim of lien and regardless of the time of performing such work and labor or furnishing such material.
. The case law concerning the insufficiency of surveying, staking, and soil testing discussed in Section IV further supports a finding that off-site preparatory work is insufficient for mechanics’ lien priority purposes.
. Cal.Civ.Proc.Code § 1188.1 (West 1969) provides:
The liens provided for in this chapter, except as otherwise ... provided, are preferred to any ... deed of trust, or other encumbrance upon the premises and improvements ... which may have attached subsequent to the time when the building, improvement, structure, or work of improvement in connection with which the lien claimant has done his work or furnished his material was commenced....
. Mich.Comp.Laws § 570.9(4) provides:
The liens for such labor or materials furnished ... shall attach to the buildings, machinery, erection, structure, or improvement for which they are furnished or done, subject to any prior recorded title, claim, lien, encumbrances, or mortgage to or upon the land upon which such building or buildings, machinery, erection, structure or improvement belongs or is put....
. Minn.Stat. § 514.05 (1947) provides:
All such liens, as against the owner of the land, shall attach and take effect from the time the first item of material or labor is furnished upon the premises for the beginning of the improvement, and shall be preferred to any mortgage or other encumbrance not then of record....
. Nev.Rev.Stat. § 108.225 (1986) provides:
The liens ... are preferred to ... [a]ny lien, mortgage or other encumbrance which may have attached subsequent to the time when the building, improvement or structure was commenced, work done, or materials were commenced to be furnished.
. Appellants argue that a construction lender could protect itself from pre-construction design liens taking priority by providing the architect and other preliminary service providers be paid out of the first draw on the construction loan. However, this would not protect the lender because, under Utah law, commencement of any work establishes the date from which other mechanics’ liens take priority even if the mechanic providing the first work releases or waives his own lien rights. See Duckett v. Olsen, 699 P.2d 734, 736 (Utah 1985); First of Denver Mortgage, 600 P.2d at 527. On the other hand, architects and engineers can contract with the developer to protect themselves by providing for compensation out of the initial draw on the construction loan.
. Colo.Rev.Stat. § 38-22-106(1) (1973) provides:
All liens established by virtue of this article shall relate back to the time of the commencement of work under the contract between the owner and the first contractor, or, if said contract is not in writing, then such liens shall relate back to and take effect as of the time of the commencement of the work upon the structure or improvement....
. When the Mechanic’s Lien Law was passed, the Utah Legislature stated, "The Mechanic’s Lien Law of this state was taken from Colorado, together with the construction placed thereon by the Colorado courts.” [Compiler’s Note to Utah Code Ann. title 52, ch. 1 (1943) ].
. In fact, the limited utility of the presumption on adoption of judicial interpretations is illustrated by the fact that Colorado adopted its mechanics' lien statute from California. See Chicago Lumber Co. v. Newcomb, 19 Colo.App. 265, 74 P. 786, 789-90 (1903). Yet, California courts refuse to allow architectural work to constitute commencement of work for priority purposes.
. Colo.Rev.Stat. § 38-22-101(3) (1982). Utah has recently enacted a statute that would give notice to third parties of commencement of a project or improvement. The statute requires mechanics' lien claimants to file a preliminary notice of lien within 45 days of performing the work. Utah Code Ann. § 38-l-27(2)-(8) (1989). It is unclear what, if any, impact this statute will have on the priority issue under section 38-1-5 as it deals only with the validity of liens.
. Other than Colorado, only Oklahoma has stated that engineering work performed before the trust deed is recorded is superior to the trust deed. Midland Mortgage Co. v. Sanders England Invs., 682 P.2d 748, 749-50 (Okla.1984).
. See supra note 2.
. The legislature is the forum for the relief appellants seek. The legislature could, if it so chose, fashion legislation that would allow pre-construction liens to attach if lenders are on actual notice of the work and yet not allow post-construction liens to relate back to these liens under section 38-1-10.
. Guaranty also argues that the appellants’ liens cannot relate back to the Leased and Permit Property because appellants' work was not "necessary for the convenient use and occupation” of the land as required by Utah Code Ann. § 38-1-4 (1988), which provides:
The liens granted by this chapter shall extend to and cover so much of the land whereon such building, structure, or improvement shall be made as may be necessary for convenient use and occupation of the land.
The trial court ruled that
the architects and engineers do have valid lien rights for the work they have done subject to the priority determination as hereinabove made, and that those liens apparently affect the overall project and to the extent that they come subsequent to the phase 1 ruling [foreclosure and sheriff’s sale of Fee Property] would be valid liens applying to all of the property of the project.
Guaranty did not file a cross appeal on the issue of whether the entire project was affected by the appellants' work. Thus, we affirm the trial court’s finding that the appellants’ work benefited the entire parcel of land. The liens for work performed on the Leased and Permit Property would, if otherwise valid and not precluded by abandonment, take priority over the trust deed.
. Colorado and Oklahoma are once again exceptions to the general rule. See Weather Eng'g & Mfg., Inc. v. Pinon Springs Condominiums, Inc., 192 Colo. 495, 563 P.2d 346, 348-49 (1977) (survey and staking constituted commencement of the work on the structure or improvement for the purpose of determining the date to which the mechanics’ liens related back); Midland Mortgage Co. v. Sanders England Invs., 682 P.2d 748, 749-50 (Okla.1984) (surveying by an engineering firm constituted improvement and, if the work was done prior to the recordation of the mortgage, it constituted a superior lien).
| CASELAW |
• Shaun McMahon
Everything You Need To Know About OCD
Of all of the anxiety disorders, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, or OCD, can be the most complicated. Today we’ll be breaking down exactly what OCD is, how it works, and how it can be overcome with the help of a therapist.
What Is OCD?
There are two crucial components to OCD; obsessions, and compulsions. According to psychologists Martin Seif and Sally Winston:
Obsessions…are repetitive thoughts, or images that feel uncontrollable, threatening, repulsive or shocking, that arrive with a “whoosh”, and contain a strong urge to avoid or get rid of the thoughts or images. Obsessions increase anxious distress. The other component is compulsions, which are actions or thoughts whose function is to lower anxiety.
Perhaps the most commonly misunderstood component of OCD are compulsions, which may be, in part, due to tv shows and movies depicting people with OCD. Many people think that compulsions are always actions, such as turning a light switch on and off, or washing one’s hands. However, they are not always necessarily actions. The defining characteristic of compulsions is that they are oriented towards lowering anxiety. As Seif and Winston highlight, “obsessions and compulsions are defined not by their content but by their relationship to each other”.
Types of OCD
OCD can manifest in many different ways and in varying levels of severity. Three of the most common types of OCD include cleaners/avoiders, checkers, and “just right” OCD.
Cleaners and avoiders are those who are concerned about contamination, and may have obsessions and compulsions related to cleanliness, germs and infection or getting sick.
Checkers, on the other hand, are concerned with potentially overlooking something that may result in someone being harmed, or their own embarrassment. An example might be obsessions about leaving the stove on, which they fear could result in a gas leak and explosion, resulting in compulsions to constantly check that the stove is indeed off.
Finally, “just right” OCD involves compulsions related to a need for symmetry, order and evenness. For example, if a person touches one arm, they might need to touch the othen to obtain a sense of “evening it out”. They often feel a sense of discomfort that comes from something being unfinished, uneven or incomplete.
There are, of course, other types of OCD. It’s worth mentioning that OCD can also be confused for other conditions, such as kleptomania (impulsive stealing), compulsive gambling, tic disorders, addictions, and eating disorders. Seeing a therapist can help you to identify whether or not the obsessions and compulsions you experience are classified as OCD or one of these other disorders.
What OCD Feels Like
OCD has a range of accompanying feelings and symptoms which can make it a very complicated condition to deal with. Obsessions and compulsions can often feel intrusive, disrupting day to day life. In some cases, a person’s life can be completely overtaken by the condition as they strive towards a sense of certainty that is never achieved, thereby stuck in an endless loop of feeling anxious and trying to relieve the anxiety.
Checkers are often characterized by a strong sense of responsibility and accompanying guilt, because they are worried about other people and how their actions, or inaction, might harm or kill others.
Cleaners and avoiders can carry a great deal of disgust, which is less about getting sick and more about experiences they consider to be gross or disgusting.
People with OCD can often feel stuck or trapped as they attempt to make a decision based on their compulsions, which at the core is really about asking “which choice will help to lower my anxiety?”
Can OCD Be Cured?
While all anxiety disorders are treatable, working through OCD can be incredibly difficult and requires a great deal of patience and determination. This is partly due to the sometimes complicated and overwhelming rituals that people with OCD have.
The key to managing, and eventually overcoming OCD, is to remember the distinction between obsessions and compulsions. You may recall that obsessions increase anxiety, whereas compulsions are oriented towards decreasing anxiety.
However, the compulsions do not get rid of the anxiety; they are only a temporary balm. Eventually, the anxiety comes back, and left unchecked, it can worsen or transform into other obsessions, and consequently, new compulsions. In this sense, compulsions are a form of avoidance, meaning they only lead to the anxiety being maintained and reinforced.
The ultimate goal of treating OCD is to increase the tolerance for anxiety, while not resorting to the usual compulsions to reduce the anxiety. This is easier said than done. The natural impulse for people with OCD is to do something to relieve themselves when they are feeling anxious. So the work in therapy is to slowly expose someone to more and more anxiety, and then encourage them to sit with the anxiety, rather than doing something about it.
Are OCD Thoughts True?
People with OCD can struggle to discern if their thoughts are real or not. It can be hard to tell the difference between a thought, a feeling, an impulse, and reality itself. This is a common feature for all anxiety disorders; thoughts about something threatening or stressful can seem true, despite only being thoughts.
Part of working through OCD in therapy is being able to recognize that the thoughts someone is having are just thoughts. They aren’t real, and just having those thoughts doesn’t mean they will come true.
In practice, this means being able to be aware of the thoughts that are coming up, and being able to accurately label them as OCD thoughts, despite how real or threatening they might be.
Getting Help For OCD
OCD can be an incredibly debilitating condition, and it’s very important to seek help if you’re struggling with it. Seeing a psychotherapist can help you to work through and overcome your OCD.
Shaun McMahon is a Melbourne based psychotherapist who works with clients struggling with anxiety. He conducts sessions both in person and online, and is currently accepting new clients. If you are interested in seeking support, you can arrange a FREE 15 minute consultation by clicking here.
Source: Seif, M. N., Winston, S. (2014) What Every Therapist Needs To Know About Anxiety Disorders: Key Concepts, Insights and Interventions. Routledge: London.
| ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:The Green Bag (1889–1914), Volume 23.pdf/455
Reviews of Books
421
identified by purely physical character
anxieties, insults, and triumphs; with
istics capable of observation and measure ment is so contrary to general ideas
out whose help I might, perhaps, never
have witnessed the completion of that
that it needs considerable argument
mental edifice, nor principles." the application of its funda~
and many examples to be very convinc ing, and to prevent our feeling that the
generalizations are based on insufficient observations or are the conclusions of an over enthusiastic advocate. And again we would like some further in formation or definition of terms before agreeing with the ‘author that so many phenomena of criminality and genius are due merely to different forms and de
grees of epilepsy. We will, of course, dis agree with certain of the theories, but that is not for lack of a clear state ment of what they are, and if the controverted theories were more fully argued and demonstrated the book would no doubt have to be so long that
MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT The Government of American Cities. By Horace E. Deming. G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York and London. Pp. 304 + indar 19. ($1.50 net.) The Government of European Cities. By Wil liam Bennett Munro, Ph.D.. LL.B.. Assistant Professor of Government in Harvard University. Macmillan Company, New York. Pp. 409. includ ing index. ($2.60 net.)
R.
DEMING’S book on muni
cipal government was evidently written with a propagandic purpose, to assist in popularizing the program of the National Municipal League, and offers
it could not be very widely used by the
a strong argument for a higher type of city government governed by a few responsible officials. Emphasis is laid on the fact that the administrative
general readers. No matter how full the statement or complete the argument,
functions of the city government occupy nine-tenths of its attention, as compared
we would still no doubt have to conclude _ with the one-tenth concerned with legis that Lombroso exaggerated the impor lative or policy-determining functions.
tance of merely physical defects as a Consequently the administrative system cause of crime and that he applied this must be taken entirely out of politics, explanation of criminal acts altogether and appointments must be made solely too widely. But the service that he for merit. The failures of municipal rendered and the truths that he eluci government in the United States, in the dated give Lombroso a high place among opinion of the author, have largely been criminologists and it would probably due to ignoring the fact that only a very be impossible to make a better or more small part of the problems of the city are usable summary of the results of his political. The writer also thinks home rule is long studies and many writings than the essential, and contends that the inter present volume. The authoritative character of the ference of state legislatures has done summary is well shown by Professor much to weaken and to oppress the cities. Lombroso himself in the preface, where He is not wholly successful in proving he says: "I welcome with pleasure this this contention, nor in stating cogent summary, in which the principal points
reasons for the view that a sufficiently
are explained with precision and loving care by my daughter Gina, who has
ample measure of home rule is impossible under a system of liberal legislative
worked with me from childhood, has
supervision of charters and electoral
seen the edifice of my science rise stone upon stone, and has shared in my
consequently a little out of perspective,
methods.
This portion of the book is | WIKI |
Template talk:Not orphan
Untitled
erm.. what's the point of this template?
* Unused images tend to be deleted. This marks an image as used, if an inobvious way.
* See also Templates_for_deletion/Log/2007_May_6 --AnonEMouse (squeak) 19:10, 11 July 2007 (UTC)
* most templates have a description on description where users may read if to use or not.. I am not able to find a description reason for so I agree to delete. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:51, 9 June 2011 (UTC) | WIKI |
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 106 Part 1.djvu/389
PUBLIC LAW 102-321—JULY 10, 1992 106 STAT. 357 "(1) IN GENERAL. —The Secretary shall, upon the request of a public entity receiving a grant under section 561(a)— "(A) provide technical assistance to the entity regarding the process of submitting to the Secretary applications for grants under section 561(a); and "(B) provide to the entity training and technical assistance with respect to the planning, development, and operation of systems of care pursuant to section 562. " (2) AUTHORITY FOR GRANTS AND CONTRACTS. —The Secretary may provide technical assistance under subsection (a) directly or through grants to, or contracts with, public and nonprofit private entities. "(c) EVALUATIONS AND REPORTS BY SECRETARY.— "(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall, directly or through contracts with public or private entities, provide for annual evaluations of programs carried out pursuant to section 561(a). The evaluations shall assess the effectiveness of the systems of care operated pursuant to such section, including longitudinal studies of outcomes of services provided by such systems, other studies regarding such outcomes, the effect of activities under this subpart on the utilization of hospital and other institutional settings, the barriers to and achievements resulting from interagency collaboration in providing community-based services to children with a serious emotional disturbance, and assessments by parents of the effectiveness of the systems of care. "(2) REPORT TO CONGRESS. — The Secretary shall, not later than 1 year after the date on which amounts are first appropriated under subsection (c), and annually thereafter, submit to the Congress a report summarizing evaluations carried out pursuant to paragraph (1) during the preceding fiscal year and making such recommendations for administrative and legislative initiatives with respect to this section as the Secretary determines to be appropriate. "(d) DEFINITIONS.— For purposes of this subpart: "(1) The term 'child' means an individual not more than 21 years of age. "(2) The term 'family*, with respect to a child provided access to a system of care under section 562(a), means— "(A) the legal guardian of the child; and "(B) as appropriate regarding mental health services for the child, the parents of the child (biological or adoptive, as the case may be) and any foster parents of the child. "(3) The term 'funding agreement', with respect to a grant under section 561(a) to a public entity, means that the Secretary may make such a grant only if the public entity makes the agreement involved. "(4) The term 'serious emotional disturbance' includes, with respect to a child, any child who has a serious emotional disorder, a serious behavioral disorder, or a serious mental disorder. "(e) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.— Nothing in this part shall be construed as limiting the rights of a child with a serious emotional disturbance under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. " (f) FUNDING. — "(1) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—For the purpose of carrying out this subpart, there are authorized to be appro-
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Jeong-dong
Jeong-dong is a legal dong, or neighbourhood of the Jung-gu district in Seoul, South Korea and governed by its administrative dong, Sogong-dong.
It is an historical area with Deoksu Palace from the Joseon Dynasty and some of Korea's first modern schools and churches. It also home to contemporary museums, galleries and theaters along tree-lined streets and cobblestone alleyways.
Festival
* Jeong-dong Culture Night - It is the place where modern Western culture first took root, including Deoksugung Palace where the king stayed during the Joseon Dynasty. Ewha School, Baejae School, Jeongdong jaeil Church etc. have been around for more than 100 years to tell the vivid history of Jeong-dong. Jeong-dong Culture Night offers various cultural experiences for domestic and international visitors. Programs such as Eoga Parade, military music parade, concerts, story-telling, busking and film exhibitions will be held in connection with the Seoul Metropolitan Government.
Attractions
* Deoksugung
* Doldam-gil (or Stonewall Road)
* Chungdong First Methodist Church – the oldest extant church in Korea
Education
Schools located in Jeong-dong:
* Yewon School
* Changdeok Girls' Middle School
* Ewha Girls' High School | WIKI |
VS 2008
| 2 Comments
I'm currently rebuilding my world with Visual Studio 2008. So far things are going ok, but as I mentioned back when I was playing with Beta 2, the new C4627 warning about header files being skipped when processing precompiled headers is a bit broken...
It seems that the code that works out if a header file is skipped (ie not included in the precompiled header but above the #pragma hdrstop line works on exact path matches rather than a file include graph. So, if header A includes header B and the precompiled header builds by including A but the source file builds by including B then you'll get an error even though everything is OK.. Which is a pity.
What's more of a pity is that it's hard to turn off this warning, a pragma in a header file doesn't seem to do the trick (even when the header is included in both precomp and non precomp areas). This means that I have to shuffle some headers around for no good reason if I want to keep my "warning level 4/warnings as errors" policy.
2 Comments
You can turn off disable specific warnings in the C/C++ Advanced settings page for the project.
Thanks Harold, I hadn't thought of that. I usually turn off warnings in a single header file that's shared by all my projects but that doesnt work for these.
Switching them off on a project by project basis will work though. Thanks.
Leave a comment | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Uncertainty Over Carmelo Anthony Upstages Knicks Victory
Knicks 110, Hornets 107 Phil Jackson, the Knicks’ president, walked out of a private entryway and to his seat a few minutes before tipoff at Madison Square Garden on Friday night. He had missed the team’s pregame introduction and did not hear the crowd greet Carmelo Anthony when Anthony took the floor as the final Knicks starter to be announced. Instead, Jackson settled into his chair and prepared to watch another installment of a Knicks season in which there has been a lot more intrigue than good basketball. All the main characters were in the arena. Jackson sitting alongside Clarence Gaines Jr., a Knicks vice president and longtime friend. General Manager Steve Mills, sitting a few rows away. Anthony on the court, and his high-powered agent, Leon Rose, in his own seat nearby. That the Knicks went on to defeat the Charlotte Hornets, 110-107, in an entertaining game was almost an aside to the drama surrounding Anthony, their star player, and whether he is on the verge of being traded. It was just the Knicks’ fifth victory in their past 19 games. Anthony scored 18 points but missed a lot of shots, although he did hit a jumper with 13 seconds left that sealed the win. Kristaps Porzingis scored 18 as well, while Courtney Lee had 16 points and helped lead a fourth-quarter comeback. The victory also left the 21-27 Knicks two games behind the Chicago Bulls for the final playoff spot in the Eastern Conference. All of that was welcome news for a Knicks team that often appears dysfunctional. But there was a negative development, too, with Derrick Rose leaving the game in the third quarter with a sprained left ankle. He did not return, although X-rays were negative. Still, Rose’s injury fell within the framework of the normal ups and downs for a team — a good victory alongside a worrisome injury. It is the other story line — whether Anthony is staying or leaving — that may keep taking unpredictable and distracting turns for the Knicks until the N.B.A.’s trade deadline in late February. Anthony dodged the latest rumors — specifically that the Los Angeles Clippers may have become the Knicks’ likeliest trade partner — but he let on that he is fully aware of them. “Everywhere you go, even if you don’t hear it, somebody is telling you about it,” Anthony said. “Somebody is saying something. It can be mentally draining, mentally fatiguing.” His teammates are not immune to the trade talk, either. Brandon Jennings said he was inundated by notifications every time he looked at his phone, with each N.B.A. app he has downloaded serving him the latest nugget of trade possibilities. He does not want to see Anthony traded, he said, but the rumors create uncertainty for everyone on the team. “It’s kind of just like, what’s really going on?” he said. “We need him,” he added in reference to Anthony. “We need him to have his confidence, we need him to not worry about outside stuff. Just prove everybody wrong and let’s go make the playoffs.” On Friday, Doc Rivers, the Clippers’ coach and president, did not deny that his team had discussions with the Knicks about Anthony. It is believed that the Clippers and Cleveland Cavaliers are teams for whom Anthony would waive his no-trade clause. Knicks Coach Jeff Hornacek said Friday he had addressed the trade rumors with his players and maintained it would not affect them. He also said he sent Anthony a reassuring text message Thursday night when Anthony was not named as a reserve on the Eastern Conference All-Star squad. Anthony was disappointed to miss out on All-Star weekend, which has served as something of a reprieve during the course of many disappointing seasons in New York. This time around, however, he will have to make do with a week of downtime. That is likely to be less stressful than what he is generally encountering these days, with his future unclear. While he was mostly cheered by the crowd on Friday night, there were moments where he was booed lustily — once after missing a 3-pointer, another time after failing to hit a turnaround jump shot. “I enjoyed that,” he said afterward with a rueful smile. Whether the boos were of the spur-of-the-moment type or a reflection of some larger fan discontent with Anthony remains to be seen. But if the Knicks needed a reminder of a relationship that soured over time, Patrick Ewing, a former organization cornerstone, was on the Hornets’ bench as an assistant coach. Ewing had been traded away in an unceremonious exit from the Knicks, and Anthony sees him as a peer in understanding the pressures of playing in New York. But Ewing had no interest in wading into those waters Friday night. When asked about Anthony, he demurred. “I’m staying out of this,” he said, throwing his hands up in the air and walking away. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
User:Ccghq
CCGHQ is the headquarters edit for the Christian Churches of God. CCG is its registered trademark
CCG contributes to and uses Wikipedia as part of its educational service in many of its articles both on www.ccg.org and www.logon.org which is its multilanguage site. | WIKI |
3 Top Stocks You Can Buy and Hold Forever
It's hard to believe that 2021 is almost over. While no one knows what's in store for the stock market in 2022, the end of the year is always a good time to check that your investments are anchored around smart long-term picks.
That said, we asked three Motley Fool contributors to pick three stocks they believe are forever stocks. Here's why they believe Amazon (NASDAQ: AMZN), Costco Wholesale (NASDAQ: COST), and Walt Disney (NYSE: DIS) are great companies to hold for decades.
Image source: Getty Images.
Amazon's profits are surging
John Ballard (Amazon): Amazon has grown into a massive business and sports a gigantic market cap of $1.7 trillion. It might seem like Amazon is valued too highly for the stock to make you any money over the long term, but I believe market participants are still underestimating the company's future.
Starting with the core retail business, Amazon still has plenty of growth opportunities to expand internationally, which only represents 28% of total revenue through the second quarter. In fact, there are plenty of nooks and crannies for Amazon to keep growing in the U.S. For example, Amazon just opened its first fulfillment centers in St. Lucie County, Florida, and Fargo, North Dakota.
As Amazon continues to get closer to the customer with its same-day and one-day deliveries, its retail sales continue to march higher. Growth from Amazon's online stores reached as high as 49% year over year in the second quarter of 2020 on a currency-neutral basis. In the most recent quarter, sales from online stores still managed to grow 13% over the acceleration in the same quarter a year ago.
Amazon may see slightly higher growth after the pandemic than before, as more people are now used to shopping online for everyday essentials. Based on third-quarter guidance, Amazon expects its two-year annualized revenue growth rate to be in the 25% to 30% range, which is higher than its pre-pandemic growth rate of 21%.
Moreover, Amazon has recently experienced an acceleration in advertising and cloud services revenue. These higher-margin revenue drivers bode well for Amazon's profitability. It's the surging growth in non-retail services that has analysts calling for Amazon's free cash flow per share to more than double to $133 by 2023.
If Amazon achieves those expectations, the stock should easily crush the market average return. Amazon is my largest holding, and I believe it's a great stock to buy right now.
A winning model in any market
Jennifer Saibil (Costco Wholesale): As pandemic shopping trends reverse back to a pre-restriction direction, there are some clear winners and losers. Companies that did especially well under pandemic conditions, such as Target and Roku, are now facing tough comparables, and companies that floundered, such as Coca-Cola and Nike, are back to accelerating growth. But there are a few companies that don't fit the mold, such as Costco. Costco's sales growth shot up in 2020, going from mid- to high single digits to mid-teen growth, and it hasn't come back down.
There could be several reasons for this. Costco's membership model means customers want to get their money's worth, and Costco's low prices give them a reason to keep coming back. For several months, Costco was dealing with shortages of large equipment and appliances, and those are back in stock at the time shoppers were starting to spend on non-essentials.
This is why Costco does well in almost any shopping environment, and why it's one of the most stable stocks to own. Costco stock has gained almost 500% over the past 10 years, nearly double the S&P 500. That's not super-high growth, but it's substantial, and most importantly, it's dependable. Most of the new skyrocketing growth stocks come with no small element of risk. But Costco stock has easily managed through the ups and downs of the market, including market crashes and bull markets.
There's every reason to believe Costco can keep this up in the future. It only operates 817 global warehouses, and just over 500 in the U.S. It opens new stores at a fairly slow rate, which means new growth is slow but steady. Member retention typically hovers at around 90%, but it adds millions of new members annually, and executive members, who pay double the standard $60 rate, are increasing at an even faster rate. Costco can continue to grow comparable sales and new sales, and investors can buy and hold its stock, and benefit from it, forever.
The House of Mouse is a company built to last for the long haul
Parkev Tatevosian (Walt Disney): The Walt Disney Company has been delighting individuals and families for nearly a century. Chances are, it will be around for a very long time. That makes it an ideal choice for a stock you can buy and hold forever. At the heart of its endurance are movies and characters that remain relevant for decades. Parents who watch Disney films as children often show those same films to their kids and grandkids. Similarly, parents and grandparents who visited Disney theme parks when they were younger usually take their kids and grandkids.
Not only has Disney survived for a century, but it has also thrived. Since October 1980, Disney's stock price has increased by 18,960%. The past is not always predictive of the future, but if Disney delivers anywhere near the returns of the past, investors will be thrilled.
It certainly has the assets to do so. Disney's theme parks are back up and running after COVID-19-related shutdowns, and customer demand is steadily climbing. Moreover, it hosts a myriad of popular characters under its umbrella, including those from Star Wars and Marvel, and who can forget Mickey and Minnie Mouse?
Disney has pivoted to consumers' tastes and is shifting its focus to offering streaming content. The company now has three streaming services (Disney+, Hulu, ESPN+) that combine for 174 million subscribers. Folks prefer to stream their content instead of watching it over traditional TV. The former is more convenient and can be consumed anywhere people have internet access, versus only at home over cable or satellite.
In short, Disney has delivered excellent returns to investors for decades and is in a position to provide them again over the next few decades. Investors looking for a stock they can buy and hold forever can put Disney in their portfolio.
10 stocks we like better than Amazon
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John Mackey, CEO of Whole Foods Market, an Amazon subsidiary, is a member of The Motley Fool's board of directors. Jennifer Saibil owns shares of Walt Disney. John Ballard owns shares of Amazon and Walt Disney. Parkev Tatevosian owns shares of Amazon, Coca-Cola, Roku, and Walt Disney. The Motley Fool owns shares of and recommends Amazon, Costco Wholesale, Nike, Roku, and Walt Disney. The Motley Fool recommends the following options: long January 2022 $1,920 calls on Amazon and short January 2022 $1,940 calls on Amazon. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Gaius Plinius Secundus (23 AD – August 25, 79 AD), better known as Pliny the Elder, was a Roman author, naturalist, and natural philosopher, as well as naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, and personal friend of the emperor Vespasian. Spending most of his spare time studying, writing or investigating natural and geographic phenomena in the field, he wrote an encyclopedic work, Naturalis Historia, which became a model for all such works written subsequently.
Pliny is referring to the fact that Tacitus relied on his uncle's now missing work on the History of the German Wars. Pliny the Elder died on August 25, 79 AD, while attempting the rescue by ship of a friend and his family from the eruption of Mount Vesuvius that had just destroyed the cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum. The prevailing wind would not allow his ship to leave the shore. His companions attributed his collapse and death to toxic fumes, but they were unaffected by the fumes, suggesting natural causes. | FINEWEB-EDU |
[No. C058222.
Third Dist.
Dec. 23, 2008.]
VERNON LANE BLEDSOE et al., Plaintiffs and Appellants, v. BIGGS UNIFIED SCHOOL DISTRICT, Defendant and Respondent.
Counsel
Langenkamp and Curtis and Lesley Beth Curtis for Plaintiffs and Appellants.
Kronick Moskovitz Tiedemann & Girard, Christian M. Keiner; and Emily E. LaMoe for Defendant and Respondent.
Opinion
CANTIL-SAKAUYE, J.
Plaintiffs Vernon Lane Bledsoe and the Biggs Unified Teachers Association appeal the denial of their petition for writ of administrative mandamus. (Code Civ. Proc., § 1094.5.) Their petition alleged the Biggs Unified School District (District) abused its discretion by laying off Bledsoe, a tenured teacher with the District, in violation of the requirements of section 44955 of the Education Code (hereafter section 44955). We shall affirm the judgment.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
In March 2007, the Board of Trustees of the District (Board) adopted a resolution decreasing the number of certificated employees of the District at the end of the 2006/2007 school year due to budgetary shortfalls. The resolution directed the District superintendent to take the proper steps to notify the employees whose positions could be affected by this action. The Board adopted another resolution providing criteria to break any tie in seniority between employees affected by the cutbacks in particular kinds of service.
Bledsoe, a certificated employee who had worked for the District nine years teaching English and social science to seventh and eighth grade students, was given timely notice that his services would not be required for the 2007/2008 school year because of the reduction or elimination of particular kinds of services authorized by the Board’s resolution. Bledsoe requested a hearing to determine if there was cause for not reemploying him for the 2007/2008 school year. The District timely served an accusation, notice of hearing, and notice of defense form on Bledsoe, who timely filed his notice of defense with the District. An administrative law judge (ALJ) heard the matter in April 2007.
At the administrative hearing, the interim superintendent for the District, Rick Light, testified he used a seniority list of certificated employees and a bumping chart to determine the proper employees to lay off. Both the seniority list and the bumping chart were admitted into evidence without objection. Although Bledsoe was senior on the seniority list to Scott Gates and Vince Sormano, two teachers for the District’s community day school, the District gave Bledsoe a layoff notice and skipped Gates and Sormano. Light testified he looked to a previous administrative law decision from 2004 that determined Gates and Sormano were properly retained by the District to teach community day school in a prior reduction in force and he concluded they should be exempt again because there was no break in their service. Since the time of the prior decision, Gates had continued to teach fourth through eighth grades and Sormano had continued to teach ninth through 12th grades at the community day school. The community day school is reserved for students who were expelled or who had behavior problems that prevented them from being in a regular classroom.
Light testified he had experience in assigning teachers to community day school. The types of factors he looks at in making such an assignment include the teachers’ background in psychology/sociology, their background in behavior modification, and their temperament for firmly handling difficult youth without getting angry. He testified community day school teachers teach all of the academic subjects to their students and so should be credentialed in as many subjects as possible and highly qualified, for purposes of the federal No Child Left Behind law, in more than one subject.
Light had observed both Gates and Sormano in their community day school classrooms. The students in Gates’s class were on task, respected Gates’s decisions or directives, and were handled in a calm and very direct manner. His observations of Sormano’s class were similar. Sormano was very firm and commanded the respect of the students. He had helped a number of the students beyond the regular school situation. Light testified he was not aware of any of the teachers noticed for layoff that were more senior to Gates or Sormano who had at least one semester of teaching an alternative education class in the last five years.
Light admitted that before making the decision not to give a layoff notice to Gates or Sormano he did not ask Bledsoe whether he had taken courses in sociology or psychology, whether he had experience teaching community day school, or whether he had experience working with angry youth. Light did personally review Bledsoe’s personnel file to see the number of subject credentials he had in order to consider moving him into a different area. He did not, however, look at the letters of recommendation attached to Bledsoe’s resumé, one of which referenced Bledsoe’s prior experience working at a juvenile hall and community day school. Light did not ask Bledsoe if he would consent to teach at the community day school prior to making his determination. Bledsoe testified he was willing to teach at the community day school and felt very qualified to do so.
The seniority list reflects Bledsoe has a single history credential, as well as introductory supplemental credentials in social science and English. He has an SDAIE (Specially Designed Academic Instruction in English) certificate. He is highly qualified for purposes of No Child Left Behind in English and social science. In his testimony, Bledsoe confirmed his credentials and certificate. He also testified he took approximately 15 units of sociology and psychology as part of his college teaching credential program. Bledsoe testified that during 1994/1995 he taught at a juvenile hall in the mornings and, for about a semester, at a community day school in the afternoons. In those situations, he worked with at-risk students and felt he did well with them. He also worked two summers during college at a boys’ camp for troubled youth.
Bledsoe admitted he has had no coursework in psychology or sociology since college and that the last time he worked in a community day school was in 1995. Bledsoe admitted he has not received any training in crisis intervention within the last five years and, other than in-service programs, he has no training in drug abuse recognition. Bledsoe admitted that in the last five years he has not taught in a self-contained classroom, which he described as a classroom where the students are taught all subjects by a teacher with a multiple-subject credential. Bledsoe testified that community day school is analogous to a self-contained classroom.
The seniority list reflects Gates has a clear multiple-subject credential and is also highly qualified, for purposes of No Child Left Behind, in multiple subjects. The seniority list reflects Sormano has a clear single social science credential and is also highly qualified, for purposes of No Child Left Behind, in that same subject. Light testified Sormano has sufficient courses to cover most of the areas of high school instruction, that he had in fact broadened those, and that he has a number of units in sociology.
In addition, the prior administrative law decision relied upon by Light indicates Gates had 10 years of experience teaching as of 2004, eight of which involved working with disabled populations. Gates has a bachelor’s degree in applied psychology. He has extensive training in mediation, aggression management, abuse recognition, and other areas of training related to working with difficult student populations. The administrative law decision indicates Sormano also has extensive background and training in specialized areas related to teaching at a community day school. Specifically, he has extensive training in management of assaultive behavior and drug abuse recognition. He has experience working with special needs children and utilizing behavioral modification techniques.
For purposes of seniority, Bledsoe was tied with a teacher named Vera Withrow. Both started paid service for the District on August 26, 1998. Light testified that he did not apply the District’s tie-breaking criteria to Bledsoe and Withrow at the time he decided to give the layoff notice to Bledsoe. However, he went through the criteria at the administrative hearing and testified that Withrow had seniority under the criteria because she had a clear multiple-subject credential, which is more versatile at the elementary school level where the District anticipated needing to move teachers.
The ALJ issued a proposed decision upholding the layoff notice to Bledsoe. The ALJ made factual findings, in pertinent part, that a community day school teacher requires specialized training and experience, that Gates and Sormano possess the necessary special training and experience, that the District has a special need to retain their services, and that Bledsoe lacks the special training and experience necessary to teach at the community day school. The ALJ found the District failed to apply the tie-breaking criteria for Bledsoe and Withrow until the administrative hearing, but when Light applied the criteria at the hearing it was established that Withrow was senior to Bledsoe. The ALJ found there was no persuasive evidence the tie-breaking criteria were applied inappropriately.
In his decision, the ALJ stated a number of legal conclusions, including that no junior certificated employee was scheduled to be retained to perform services a more senior employee was certificated and competent to render. The ALJ concluded that the District had met its burden under section 44955, subdivision (d), to allow it to deviate from terminating certificated employees in strict order of seniority so as to retain Gates and Sormano. And the ALJ concluded the District’s application of the tie-breaking criteria was appropriate.
The Board adopted the proposed decision of the ALJ and Bledsoe was sent a final layoff notice. Bledsoe and the Biggs Unified Teachers Association filed a petition for administrative mandamus challenging the layoff. The trial court denied the petition. The trial court declined to issue a statement of decision because the “request for statement of decision was not properly presented in that it failed to specify those controverted issues as to which the statement of decision was requested.” The judgment in favor of the District states “[a] Statement of Decision was not timely requested and [was] therefor [¿ic] denied by the court.”
Bledsoe and the Biggs Unified Teachers Association timely appealed from the trial court’s judgment.
DISCUSSION
I.
Standard of Review
As tenured teachers possess vested rights in being retained, the trial court was required here to apply the independent judgment test in reviewing the factual determinations of the District (through its adoption of the ALJ’s proposed decision) in terminating Bledsoe. (Alexander, supra, 139 Cal.App.3d at p. 572.)
Since the trial court was required to exercise its independent judgment on the evidence, we in turn review the findings of the trial court to determine whether they are supported by substantial evidence on the whole record. If they are, the trial court’s judgment must be upheld on appeal. (Gallup v. Board of Trustees (1996) 41 Cal.App.4th 1571, 1581-1582 [49 Cal.Rptr.2d 289]; Duax v. Kern Community College Dist. (1987) 196 Cal.App.3d 555, 562 [241 Cal.Rptr. 860]; 2 Cal. Administrative Mandamus (Cont.Ed.Bar 3d ed. 2008) Appeal From Superior Court Judgment, § 16.53, p. 641.) As the trial court did not issue a statement of decision setting out its findings, “all intendments favor the ruling below; and we must infer every finding of fact supporting the judgment so long as it is warranted by the evidence. [Citations.]” (Veguez v. Governing Bd. of the Long Beach Unified School Dist. (2005) 127 Cal.App.4th 406, 421 [25 Cal.Rptr.3d 526].) To the extent the relevant “facts are undisputed, and [plaintiffs] claim[] the [District] exceeded its jurisdiction and failed to proceed in a manner required by law, our standard of review is de novo. [Citation.]” (California Teachers Assn. v. Butte Community College Dist. (1996) 48 Cal.App.4th 1293, 1299 [56 Cal.Rptr.2d 269].)
II.
The Retention of Gates and Sormano
Section 44955, the “ ‘economic layoff[]’ ” statute (Cousins v. Weaverville Elementary School Dist. (1994) 24 Cal.App.4th 1846, 1849 [30 Cal.Rptr.2d 310]), provides in subdivision (b), in pertinent part, as follows: “Except as otherwise provided by statute, the services of no permanent employee may be terminated under the provisions of this section while . . . any other employee with less seniority, is retained to render a service which said permanent employee is certificated and competent to render.” Essentially this language provides “ ‘bumping’ ” rights for senior certificated and competent employees, and “ ‘skipping’ ” authority for a district to retain “junior employees who are certificated and competent to render services which more senior employees are not. [Citations.]” (Alexander, supra, 139 Cal.App.3d at p. 571.) Subdivision (d)(1) of section 44955, as relevant here, then provides an exception to subdivision (b) where a district demonstrates specific need for personnel to teach a specific course of study, that a junior certificated employee has special training and experience necessary to teach that course, and that the senior certificated employee does not possess such necessary special training and experience.
Plaintiffs contend Bledsoe is certificated and competent to render services to the District as a teacher in the community day school under both Education Code section 44865 (section 44865), and the criteria for competence set by the District in its economic layoff resolution. Plaintiffs contend the District did not establish the elements necessary for the exception provided in subdivision (d)(1) of section 44955. Plaintiffs complain the District did not even try to determine whether Bledsoe had the special training and experience it claimed was necessary to teach in the community day school. Therefore, they argue Bledsoe was entitled to bump Gates or Sormano and the District violated section 44955, subdivision (b), in skipping over Gates and Sormano. We conclude there was no violation of section 44955.
We start by examining Bledsoe’s certification and competence to teach community day school.
Section 44865 provides: “A valid teaching credential issued by the State Board or the Commission on Teacher Credentialing, based on a bachelor’s degree, student teaching, and special fitness to perform, shall be deemed qualifying for assignment as a teacher in the following assignments, provided that the assignment of a teacher to a position for which qualifications are prescribed by this section shall be made only with the consent of the teacher: [!]••• fiU (j) District community day schools.”
The economic layoff resolution of the District provides: “[T]he Governing Board has determined that with respect to this resolution, competency shall mean, at a minimum, possession of a preliminary, clear, professional clear, lifetime, or other full credential, or at least one semester actual teaching experience in alternative education within the last five years.”
Plaintiffs contend Bledsoe’s valid teaching credential based on a bachelor’s degree qualifies him to teach community day school under the terms of section 44865. Plaintiffs contend he is also qualified under the District’s resolution because the qualifications are stated in the alternative by the use of the word “or” and he has a full credential. The District contends Bledsoe is not qualified under the statute because he did not request to teach at the community day school before March 15, 2006 (the date of the first reduction in force notice), or consent to such an assignment. The District contends Bledsoe is not qualified under the resolution because it is undisputed he did not have one semester actual teaching experience in alternative education within the last five years. We agree with plaintiffs that Bledsoe is qualified to teach at a community day school so as to trigger section 44955, subdivision (b). We explain.
Section 44865 states that “[a] valid teaching credential issued by the State Board or the Commission on Teacher Credentialing, based on a bachelor’s degree, student teaching, and special fitness to perform, shall be deemed qualifying for assignment as a teacher . . .” in a community day school. The statute then continues with the language: “provided that the assignment of a teacher to a position for which qualifications are prescribed by this section shall be made only with the consent of the teacher.” These statutory phrases have been construed together as providing for an expansion of the pool of teachers who are eligible for assignment to the schools specified in the statute, provided that a teacher may only be assigned to teach beyond the scope of his/her credentials under the authority of this section with his/her consent. (California Teachers’ Assn. v. Governing Board (1983) 141 Cal.App.3d 606, 610-611 [190 Cal.Rptr. 453].)
We agree with California Teachers’ Assn. v. Governing Board, supra, 141 Cal.App.3d 606, that section 44865 provides an additional category of credentialed teachers who are authorized to teach at and can be assigned to the schools specified in the statute, including a community day school. Section 44865 broadens the list of qualified teachers from which a district can choose to fill a position at a community day school. Bledsoe falls within such pool of qualified teachers available for assignment under the terms of the statute, if he consents to such assignment. We reject the District’s claim that it was Bledsoe’s obligation to anticipate his inclusion in the District’s economic layoff and to offer his consent to such an assignment in order to establish his qualification for it. No; it was the District’s obligation under section 44955, subdivision (b), to determine whether any permanent employee whose employment is to be terminated in an economic layoff possessed the seniority and qualifications which would entitle him/her to be assigned to another position. (See Krausen v. Solano County Junior College Dist. (1974) 42 Cal.App.3d 394, 402 [116 Cal.Rptr. 833] [considering a predecessor statute to § 44955]; see also § 44955, subd. (c) [“governing board shall make assignments and reassignments in such a manner that employees shall be retained to render any service which their seniority and qualifications entitle them to render”].) Given this obligation, it was the District’s duty to inquire whether Bledsoe would consent to an assignment to the community day school. In the absence of evidence that the District asked Bledsoe whether he would consent to teach at the community day school and that Bledsoe refused his consent, we conclude Bledsoe was qualified, that is, certificated and competent to render service (§ 44955, subd. (b)) at the community day school under section 44865.
We likewise reject the District’s claim that Bledsoe was nevertheless not competent to teach in the community day school because he lacked a semester of actual teaching experience in alternative education within the last five years as required by the District’s economic layoff resolution. The District’s use of the word “or” in the economic layoff resolution indicates the District’s adoption of two alternate definitions of competency for purposes of the resolution. In its brief the District simply ignores the alternative language and the disjunctive “or.” We give the word “or” its ordinary meaning and conclude Bledsoe met one of the two definitions of competency under the Board’s resolution.
We conclude Bledsoe is certificated and competent to teach community day school for purposes of section 44955, subdivision (b). Such conclusion does not, however, end our inquiry.
Subdivision (d) of section 44955, added to the statute in 1983 (Stats. 1983, ch. 498, § 65, p. 2094, eff. July 28, 1983), provides: “Notwithstanding subdivision (b), a school district may deviate from terminating a certificated employee in order of seniority” when “(1) [t]he district demonstrates a specific need for personnel to teach a specific course or course of study, or to provide services authorized by a services credential with a specialization in either pupil personnel services or health for a school nurse, and that the certificated employee has special training and experience necessary to teach that course or course of study or to provide those services, which others with more seniority do not possess.”
Citing authority predating the addition of subdivision (d) to section 44955 (Alexander, supra, 139 Cal.App.3d 567, 573; Moreland Teachers Assn. v. Kurze (1980) 109 Cal.App.3d 648, 655 [167 Cal.Rptr. 343]; King v. Berkeley Unified School Dist. (1979) 89 Cal.App.3d 1016, 1021-1022 [152 Cal.Rptr. 782]), plaintiffs first assert that only formal, written District program requirements are relevant and “the District’s needs as stated by Superintendent Light would be irrelevant” to show Bledsoe is competent to serve in the community day school. Plaintiffs’ argument confuses competency under subdivision (b) of section 44955 with the exception now provided in subdivision (d)(1) of that section. Subdivision (d)(1) of section 44955 expressly allows a district to demonstrate its specific “needs” and there is nothing in the statute that requires such needs to be evidenced by formal, written policies, course or job descriptions, or program requirements.
Plaintiffs claim “the District failed to present evidence showing a need for specific teachers to teach in its community day school.” We disagree. While teachers qualified under section 44865 may have the base qualifications necessary to be certificated and competent to render services at a community day school for purposes of section 44955, subdivision (b), subdivision (d)(1) recognizes a district may have special needs for personnel to teach a specific course of study that go beyond base qualifications. Light testified community day school serves a distinct and difficult student population — those who have been expelled or who have extreme behavioral difficulties. To deal appropriately with such students, teachers need specialized background, training and experience. This evidence sufficiently established a specific need by the District for such teachers.
In order to retain a certificated employee under section 44955, subdivision (d)(1), however, a district must not only establish a specific need for personnel to teach a specific course of study, but establish the certificated employee it proposes to retain “has special training and experience necessary to teach that course or course of study or to provide those services.” (§ 44955, subd. (d)(1).) Plaintiffs complain the District failed to present admissible evidence meeting this burden. Not so.
Light, who had experience in assigning teachers to community day school, testified to the factors he considers for assignment of teachers to community day school. Those factors include the teacher’s background in psychology or sociology, background in behavior modification, and specific kind of temperament. While he testified community day school teachers teach all of the academic subjects to their students and so should be credentialed in as many subjects as possible and highly qualified, for purposes of the federal No Child Left Behind law, in more than one subject, he did not testify it was mandatory for the teacher to have multiple credentials and No Child Left Behind qualifications. Light decided to retain Gates and Sormano after reviewing the prior administrative law decision, which outlined their qualifications to teach community day school, as they had continued to serve as the District’s community day school teachers. Thus, he heavily weighted their actual continuous service and experience in the District’s community day school.
The seniority list of the District was admitted into evidence without objection. It showed the credentials and No Child Left Behind compliance of both Gates and Sormano. Gates has a multiple-subject credential and is also highly qualified, for purposes of No Child Left Behind, in multiple subjects. The seniority list reflects Sormano has a clear single social science credential and is also highly qualified for purposes of No Child Left Behind in that same subject. Light testified without any hearsay objection that while Sormano holds a single-subject credential and No Child Left Behind qualification, Sormano has sufficient courses to cover most of the areas of high school instruction, that he had in fact broadened those, and that he has a number of units in sociology. Light testified without objection that Gates and Sormano had been teaching the District’s two community day school classes (grades four through eight and grades nine through 12) since at least 2004, the time of the prior ALJ decision, without a break in their service. Light had personally observed both Gates and Sormano in their community day school classrooms and found them to be demonstrating the necessary temperament. The students were on task and respectful of both Gates and Sormano.
In addition, the prior administrative law decision relied upon by Light, indicates Gates had 10 years of experience teaching as of 2004, eight of which involved working with disabled populations. Gates has a bachelor’s degree in applied psychology. He has extensive training in mediation, aggression management, abuse recognition, and other areas of training related to working with difficult student populations. The administrative law decision indicates Sormano also has extensive background and training in specialized areas related to teaching at a community day school. Specifically, he has extensive training in management of assaultive behavior and drug abuse recognition. He has experience working with special needs children and utilizing behavioral modification techniques.
Plaintiffs reassert their objection to consideration of the administrative law decision. Plaintiffs claim the decision “cannot be evidence in 2007 of the qualifications of Mr. Gates and Mr. Sormano” because the decision “is evidence only of what the [ALJ] in that case found at that time as to the teachers involved in that case.” Plaintiffs note they “objected that taking judicial notice was prejudicial pursuant to California Evidence Code section 352” and “[ujnder California Evidence Code section 454 and 459, this Court is not bound to take official notice of the prior decision if it finds the prior decision more prejudicial than probative.”
The prior administrative law decision involved a prior reduction in force by the District where it sought to retain Gates and Sormano as its community day school teachers and to lay off more senior teachers. The decision concluded the District had met its burden to establish the exception provided by subdivision (d) of section 44955. Although such decision involved other senior teachers besides Bledsoe, it involved consideration of the District’s specific need for its community day school and the special training and experience of Gates and Sormano to meet those needs in the context of the same legal issue presented here. Light testified he reviewed the decision when considering the current layoffs and concluded Gates and Sormano should be exempt again because there was no break in their service. Thus, the content of the prior decision was relevant to the District’s current layoff decision.
Admission of the prior decision into evidence was permissible. The hearing before the ALJ was conducted in accordance with the Administrative Procedure Act (APA) (see Gov. Code, § 11370). (Gov. Code, § 11500 et seq.; Ed. Code, § 44949, subd. (c).) The APA provides, in part, that: “The hearing need not be conducted according to technical rules relating to evidence and witnesses, except as hereinafter provided. Any relevant evidence shall be admitted if it is the sort of evidence on which responsible persons are accustomed to rely in the conduct of serious affairs, regardless of the existence of any common law or statutory rule which might make improper the admission of the evidence over objection in civil actions.” (Gov. Code, § 11513 (hereafter section 11513), subd. (c).) The prior 2004 administrative decision is “the sort of evidence on which responsible persons are accustomed to rely in the conduct of serious affairs.” (Ibid.)
Section 11513, subdivision (f), gives the ALJ discretion “to exclude evidence if its probative value is substantially outweighed by the probability that its admission will necessitate undue consumption of time.” (Cf. Evid. Code, § 352.) There is nothing in this record to indicate the admission of the prior administrative decision involved any undue consumption of time.
Section 11513, subdivision (d), provides that “[hjearsay evidence may be used for the purpose of supplementing or explaining other evidence but over timely objection shall not be sufficient in itself to support a finding unless it would be admissible over objection in civil actions.” Since plaintiffs timely objected on the basis of hearsay to the prior administrative decision, it cannot be the sole support for a finding of Gates’s and Sormano’s special training and experience for teaching community day school. However, it can be and was properly used to supplement the other evidence of their qualifications.
Considered together, the evidence shows Gates has a bachelor’s degree in applied psychology, is credentialed in multiple subjects, is highly qualified in multiple subjects, had 10 years of experience teaching as of 2004, eight of which involved working with disabled populations, has extensive training in mediation, aggression management, abuse recognition, and other areas of training related to working with difficult student populations, and has been teaching in a self-contained classroom covering grades four through eight at the District’s community day school at least since 2004. He has demonstrated the required temperament to successfully teach in the community day school environment.
Although the evidence shows Sormano has only a clear single social science credential and is highly qualified only in that same subject, he has sufficient courses to cover most of the areas of high school instruction, he has a number of units in sociology and he has extensive training in management of assaultive behavior and drug abuse recognition. He has experience working with special needs children and utilizing behavioral modification techniques. He has been teaching in a self-contained classroom covering grades nine through 12 at the District’s community day school at least since 2004. He also has the required temperament to successfully teach in the community day school environment.
The evidence supports the finding that Gates and Sormano have the “special training and experience necessary to teach” at the District’s community day school. (§ 44955, subd. (d)(1).) The District could retain Gates and Sormano if “others with more seniority do not possess [such special training and experience].” (Ibid.)
Bledsoe has multiple credentials, is highly qualified, for purposes of No Child Left Behind, in multiple subjects, took 15 units of psychology and sociology in college, has taught for a year in the mornings at a juvenile hall, has taught for a semester in the afternoons at a community day school, and has worked for two summers during college at a county boys’ camp. However, Bledsoe has not had any coursework in psychology or sociology since college, has not received any training in crisis intervention within the last five years and, other than in-service programs, has no training in drug abuse recognition. The last time he worked in a community day school was in 1995. He has no recent experience within the last five years teaching in a self-contained classroom, which would be analogous to a community day school classroom. This evidence supports the finding that Bledsoe does not possess the special training and experience that Gates and Sormano possess.
Plaintiffs contend, however, it was illegal for the Board to give notice to Bledsoe and not Gates and Sormano without first assessing his competence to teach at the District’s community day school. Plaintiffs cite as support Davis v. Gray (1938) 29 Cal.App.2d 403 [84 P.2d 534] (Davis). Davis is distinguishable.
In Davis, supra, 29 Cal.App.2d 403, a tenured teacher was discharged without the school board attempting to determine whether she was competent to perform the duties rendered by probationary teachers who were employed in the school. (Id. at pp. 405-406.) The reviewing court held the action of the school board was illegal and void, and that the teacher was entitled to be reinstated. As relevant here, the court stated: “To arbitrarily deprive a teacher who has acquired permanent tenure, of her position, in conflict with the statute, without pretending to determine her competency to remain, and without notice and a hearing, is contrary to the spirit of the Teachers’ Tenure Act and void. A teacher who has acquired permanent tenure has a vested right to her position in the absence of some disqualification as provided by the act, and she may not be deprived of that right except by due process of law. [Citation.]” (Id. at p. 407, italics added.)
In contrast here, the Board adopted the ATI’s proposed decision and discharged Bledsoe only after he had received proper notice of his proposed layoff and a full administrative law hearing to determine his competency to remain as a teacher at the District’s community day school instead of Gates or Sormano. Bledsoe received due process. Of course, we agree the District should have assessed Bledsoe’s qualifications prior to giving him the first layoff notice. However, while such failure is an error, it was not prejudicial in this case as Bledsoe requested a hearing, the District timely served an accusation, notice of hearing, and notice of defense form on Bledsoe, who timely filed a notice of defense, and a full hearing on the merits followed. The ATI issued a detailed proposed decision, which was considered by the Board and adopted. Only then was a final layoff notice sent to Bledsoe. That is, Bledsoe’s discharge occurred after the Board considered his competency to remain.
We conclude the trial court did not err in concluding the District properly retained Gates and Sormano even though Bledsoe had seniority over them.
HI.
The Retention of Withrow
Section 44955, subdivision (b), includes the following provision regarding termination of employees with equal seniority: “As between employees who first rendered paid service to the district on the same date, the governing board shall determine the order of termination solely on the basis of needs of the district and the students thereof. Upon the request of any employee whose order of termination is so determined, the governing board shall furnish in writing no later than five days prior to the commencement of the hearing held in accordance with Section 44949, a statement of the specific criteria used in determining the order of termination and the application of the criteria in ranking each employee relative to the other employees in the group. This requirement that the governing board provide, on request, a written statement of reasons for determining the order of termination shall not be interpreted to give affected employees any legal right or interest that would not exist without such a requirement.”
Bledsoe and Withrow first rendered paid service to the District on the same date. Pursuant to the quoted portion of section 44955, subdivision (b), the Board was required to determine the order of termination between Bledsoe and Withrow, and any other teachers tied in seniority, based on the needs of the District and its students. For such purpose, the Board had adopted a resolution providing specific tie-breaking criteria. Bledsoe, not Withrow, was selected for layoff. Bledsoe did not request the District provide him with a written statement of how the tie-breaking criteria had been applied to decide between Bledsoe and Withrow. At the administrative hearing, Light testified that he did not apply the District’s tie-breaking criteria to Bledsoe and Withrow at the time he decided to give the layoff notice to Bledsoe. Flowever, he went through the criteria at the administrative hearing and testified that Withrow had seniority under the criteria because she had a clear multiple-subject credential, which is more versatile at the elementary school level where the District anticipated needing to move teachers.
Plaintiffs claim the District failed to proceed in the manner required by law when it failed to apply its own tie-breaking criteria before the time it decided to give Bledsoe, and not Withrow, a notice of termination, applying the criteria only at the hearing to justify what the District had already done. We conclude the error in failing to apply the tie-breaking criteria before giving Bledsoe the layoff notice was not prejudicial as Light applied the criteria at the hearing, Bledsoe had the opportunity to challenge Light’s application of the criteria at the hearing, there is no evidence the criteria were applied inappropriately or in bad faith, and the Board reviewed and adopted Light’s application of the criteria as set forth in the ALJ’s proposed decision when it adopted the decision and decided to discharge Bledsoe. (Ed. Code, § 44949, subd. (c)(3); California Teachers Assn. v. Butte Community College Dist., supra, 48 Cal.App.4th at pp. 1305-1306, relying on Greer v. Board of Education (1975) 47 Cal.App.3d 98, 117 [121 Cal.Rptr. 542].)
DISPOSITION
The judgment is affirmed.
Blease, Acting P. J., and Raye, J., concurred.
A petition for a rehearing was denied January 12, 2009, and the opinion was modified to read as printed above. Appellants’ petition for review by the Supreme Court was denied April 15, 2009, S170571. Kennard, J., and Werdegar, J., were of the opinion that the petition should be granted.
For purposes of a school district reduction in force, “bumping” refers to a senior teacher moving into the position of a junior teacher. (§ 44955, subd. (b); Alexander v. Board of Trustees (1983) 139 Cal.App.3d 567, 571 [188 Cal.Rptr. 705] (Alexander).)
The admission of the seniority list was subject to a stipulation changing the status of several teachers not involved in this appeal.
For purposes of a school district reduction in force, “skipping” refers to a junior teacher being retained for specified reasons. (§ 44955, subds. (b), (d); Alexander, supra, 139 Cal.App.3d at p. 571.)
The District’s counsel asked the ALJ to take judicial notice of and admit into evidence the administrative decision. Although such decision involved other senior teachers besides Bledsoe, it involved consideration of the District’s specific need for its community day school and the special training and experience of Gates and Sormano to meet those needs in the context of the exception provided by section 44955, subdivision (d). The decision concluded the District had met its burden to prove such exception when it retained Gates and Sormano and gave layoff notices to more senior teachers in the prior reduction in force. Plaintiffs’ counsel objected, arguing the decision was irrelevant, that it was hearsay, that it was more prejudicial than probative under Evidence Code section 352 and that Bledsoe had the right to have Gates and Sormano testify at the hearing even though plaintiffs were not calling them as witnesses. The ALJ overruled plaintiffs’ objections and admitted the decision.
Plaintiffs’ counsel objected to this portion of Light’s testimony on the grounds of lack of foundation and vagueness, but did not object based on hearsay. The ALJ overruled the objections made.
In their statement of facts, plaintiffs note they never received a signed order of adoption or resolution showing the Board adopted the ALJ’s proposed decision. They only received unadopted minutes from a May 9, 2007, Board meeting showing its adoption. Plaintiffs do not set forth any legal argument based on these facts. In the absence of any argument, citation of authorities, and supporting references to the record, we will not address the matter further. (Badie v. Bank of America (1998) 67 Cal.App.4th 779, 784-785 [79 Cal.Rptr.2d 273]; Kim v. Sumitomo Bank (1993) 17 Cal.App.4th 974, 979 [21 Cal.Rptr.2d 834].)
The evidence establishes that Bledsoe would have consented if he had been asked, but he was not asked.
In fact, as a stated exception to subdivision (b), subdivision (d) of section 44955 presumes all of the teachers being considered are certificated and competent.
Contrary to plaintiffs’ characterization of Light’s testimony, Light did not state that he “automatically retained” Gates and Sormano because of the prior administrative law decision. He testified that “[w]e . . . looked at the proceeding [ízc] administrative law judge decision that they would be exempt at that particular point, and it was recent [rzc] that they would be exempt again since there was no break in their service.”
Of course, plaintiffs were free to challenge the accuracy of the factual matters reflected in the decision or show that there were changes since 2004 to the District’s need and/or to the qualifications of Gates and Sormano. They did not do so.
In their petition for rehearing plaintiffs assert we have failed to note all of their objections and have read other of their hearsay objections too narrowly. We disagree. Contrary to their claim, plaintiffs did not make a general hearsay objection to all of the District’s evidence of the qualifications of Gates and Sormano at any point in these proceedings. Plaintiffs objected specifically to use of the prior administrative decision and to Light’s testimony regarding the qualifications of Gates, but never objected to admission and consideration of the seniority list or Light’s testimony regarding Sormano. Moreover, even if we were broadly to construe plaintiffs’ objections to Light’s testimony regarding Gates to encompass an objection to his testimony regarding Sormano, it would not preclude such evidence being considered, along with the prior administrative decision, for the purpose of supplementing the other evidence on this point. (§ 11513, subd. (d).)
Plaintiffs argue against this conclusion, contending objection is not necessary to preclude the use of hearsay to support a finding. Plaintiffs primarily rely on McNary v. Department of Motor Vehicles (1996) 45 Cal.App.4th 688, 696 [53 Cal.Rptr.2d 55] (McNary), and 9 Witkin, California Procedure (5th ed. 2008) Administrative Proceedings, section 111, page 1238. With respect to its comments on hearsay evidence, McNary has been superseded by the amendment of section 11513 and is no longer good law. (Dibble v. Gourley (2002) 103 Cal.App.4th 496, 503 [126 Cal.Rptr.2d 709], overruled on another ground in MacDonald v. Gutierrez (2004) 32 Cal.4th 150, 158-159 [8 Cal.Rptr.3d 48, 81 P.3d 975].) Witkin continues to cite McNary for the proposition that “[a]n objection to improper evidence introduced in an administrative proceeding need not be raised to preserve the issue for judicial review.” (9 Witkin, supra, § 111, p. 1238, italics added.) If the only basis for objection to evidence is hearsay, it is no longer improper evidence under section 11513, subdivision (d).
Government Code section 68081 does not require us to grant rehearing to allow the parties to brief these points as these issues were fairly included by the issues raised by the parties’ briefs. (People v. Alice (2007) 41 Cal.4th 668, 677 [61 Cal.Rptr.3d 648, 161 P.3d 163].)
Although plaintiffs contended at the administrative hearing that Bledsoe had requested the written application of the tie-breaking criteria through his counsel’s discovery request, the ALJ found no evidence of such request. We have no basis, therefore, to disagree with the ALJ that there is no evidence Bledsoe requested the written statement.
| CASELAW |
Eric Copeland
Eric Copeland (born 1978 in Brunswick, Maine, United States) is an American experimental musician based in New York City. He is a core member of Black Dice and forms half of the duo Terrestrial Tones with Animal Collective's Avey Tare. Copeland uses a variety of instruments and effects but largely focuses his work on vocal sounds, primitive sampling and looping techniques, and delay manipulation.
Copeland released his first solo effort, Hermaphrodite, in 2007 on the Paw Tracks label. His next LP, Alien in a Garbage Dump, released in August 2009, is composed of songs from his EPs Alien in a Garbage Dump and Al Anon. In 2009, Copeland self-released the CD-R Rgag EP.
He was chosen by Animal Collective to perform at the All Tomorrow's Parties festival that they curated in May 2011.
In 2012, he teamed up with Underwater Peoples Records to release his album, Limbo. His latest album, Dumb It Down, was released in September 2020 on Post Present Media.
Discography
* Hermaphrodite (2007, Paw Tracks / PPM Records)
* Alien in a Garbage Dump EP (2008, Paw Tracks)
* Al Anon (Catsup Plate)
* Rgag CDR EP (2009, self-released)
* Alien in a Garbage Dump (2009, Paw Tracks)
* Alladin 7" (Fusetron)
* Doo Doo Run 7" (2010, PPM Records)
* Strange Days (2010, PPM Records)
* Puerto Rican 7" (PPM Records)
* Waco Taco Combo (2011, Escho)
* Whorehouse Blues 7" (2011, PPM Records)
* B.Y.O.B 7" collaboration with DJ Dog Dick (2012, EAC)
* Get Along 7" (2012, PPM Records)
* Bi 7" collaboration with Jimi Hey (2012, Mexican Summer)
* Limbo (2012, Underwater Peoples)
* Flushing Meats 7" (2012, Calico Corp)
* Masterbater 12" (2013, DFA)
* Joke in the Hole (2013, DFA)
* Ms Pretzel (2014, DFA)
* Logo My Ego (2014, L.I.E.S.)
* Jesus Freak (2015, L.I.E.S.)
* Black Bubblegum (2016, DFA)
* Brooklyn Banks (2016, Palmetto Arts)
* Courtesy, Professionalism, Respect (2016, L.I.E.S.)
* Goofballs (2017, DFA)
* Trogg Modal, Vol. 1 (2018, DFA)
* Trogg Modal Vol. 2 (2019, DFA)
* Dumb It Down (2020, PPM Records)
* Spiral Stairs (2022, Les Albums Claus) | WIKI |
Page:Folk-lore - A Quarterly Review. Volume 23, 1912.djvu/217
Rh of the god of the kitchen furnace. This will convert bad luck into good. The same result will follow if the kitchen furnace is approached by a man in woman's clothing, or by a woman dressed as a man.
If you see rats leave a ship, be careful not to take a passage by her. She will certainly suffer shipwreck.
To discover a thief. Calcine some kobu (edible seaweed) which has been offered to the Toshitokujin [the predominant deity of the year], put it into saké, and make the suspected person drink it. If guilty, his cheeks will swell up in a wonderful way.
To keep insects from injuring crops. Bury at each corner of the field a horse's hoof which has been cut off.
A fruit tree which has been planted in the first half of the month will thrive, if in the second, not.
Children should not point at the moon.
Sneezing on certain days has a special meaning. Thus on the day of the Rat it portends a revel, on the day of the Ox sorrow, on the day of the Tiger something strange, on the day of the Dragon a marriage, and on the day of the Cock a guest.
To be bold at night. Write with your finger on the palm of your hand the three Chinese characters meaning "I am a demon!"
To avoid danger in crossing a river. Write with a pen, with your finger, or with vermilion, the Chinese character for "Earth."
To bring back a runaway. Wrap a compass in paper, and place it in his garment or girdle. Then hang it in the well, and he will straightway come back. Or, if you nail his straw shoe in front of the kitchen furnace he will came back of his own accord.
To cure intermittent fever. Take a pear, and, standing with your face to the south, draw in your breath once. Then repeat the following spell three times:— | WIKI |
Trends in Lung and Bronchus, Prostate, Female Breast, and Colon and Rectum Cancers Incidence and Mortality in Oklahoma and the United States from 1999 to 2012
Quyen Duong, C. Larry Hill, Amanda E. Janitz, Janis E. Campbell
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
1 Scopus citations
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cancer is the second-leading cause of death in the United States (US) and Oklahoma ranks near the top with the highest rates of mortality from cancer. The top four major sites of cancer were prostate, female breast, lung and bronchus, and colon and rectum.
METHODS: Joinpoint software was used to examine the incidence and mortality for the four cancers over time from 1999-2012 for both the US and Oklahoma.
RESULTS: Incidence and mortality rates declined from 1999-2012 for the four cancer sites. The average annual, age-adjusted incidence rate was higher in the US than Oklahoma for prostate cancer, but higher in Oklahoma for female breast, lung and bronchus, and colon and rectum cancer sites.
CONCLUSIONS: Over the course of 14 years from 1999-2012, the age-adjusted incidence and mortality rates of prostate cancer, female breast cancer, lung and bronchus cancer, and colon and rectum cancer decreased over time nationally and in Oklahoma.
Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)347-353
Number of pages7
JournalThe Journal of the Oklahoma State Medical Association
Volume109
Issue number7-8
StatePublished - Jul 1 2016
ASJC Scopus subject areas
• General Medicine
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Dive into the research topics of 'Trends in Lung and Bronchus, Prostate, Female Breast, and Colon and Rectum Cancers Incidence and Mortality in Oklahoma and the United States from 1999 to 2012'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Cite this | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
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The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 92 Part 3.djvu/1127
92 STAT. 3 7 5 9
PUBLIC LAW 95-632—NOV. 10, 1978
action. All necessary mitigation and enhancement measures shall be authorized prior to the implementing of the agency action and funded concurrently with all other project features. " (2) The applicant receiving such exemption shall include the costs of such mitigation and enhancement measures within the overall costs of continuing the proposed action. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence the costs of such measures shall not be treated as project costs for the purpose of computing benefit-cost or other ratios for the proposed action. Any applicant may request the Secretary to carry out such mitigation and enhancement measures. The costs incurred by the Secretary in c a r r y i n g out any such measures shall be paid by the applicant receiving the exemption. No later than one year after the g r a n t i n g of an exemption, the exemption applicant shall submit to the Council on Environmental Quality a report describing its compliance with the mitigation and enhancement measures prescribed by this section. Such a report shall be submitted annually until all such mitigation and enhancement measures have been completed. Notice of the public availability of such reports shall be published in the Federal Register by the Council on Environmental Quality. " (m) NOTICE.—The 60-day notice requirement of section 11(g) of this Act shall not apply with respect to review of any final determination of the Committee under subsection (h) of this section g r a n t i n g an exemption from the requirements of subsection (a) of this section. " (n) JUDICIAL R E VI E W. — Any person, as defined by section 3(13) of this Act, may obtain judicial review, under chapter 7 of title 5 of the United States Code, of any decision of the E n d a n g e r e d Species Committee under subsection (h) in the United States Court of Appeals for (1) any circuit wherein the agency action concerned will be, or is being, carried out, or (2) in any case in which the agency action will be, or is being, carried out outside of any circuit, the District of Columbia, by filing in such court within 90 days after the date of issuance of the decision, a written petition for review. A copy of such petition shall be transmitted by the clerk of the court to the Committee and the Committee shall file in the court the record in the proceeding, as provided in section 2112, of title 28, United States Code, Attorneys designated by the E n d a n g e r e d Species Committee may appear for, and represent the Committee in any action for review under this subsection. " (o) EXCEPTION ON T A K I N G. — Notwithstanding sections 4(d)
Report to Council on Environmental Quality.
Report availability, publication in Federal Register. 16 USC 1540.
16 USC 1532. 5 USC 701 et seq.
and
9 (a) of this Act or any regulations promulgated pursuant to such sec- 16 USC 1533, tions, any action for which an exemption is granted under subsection 1538. (h) of this section shall not be considered a taking of any endangered or threatened species with respect to any activity which is necessary to carry out such action. " (p) E X E M P T I O N S I N PRESIDENTIALLT DECLARED DISASTER A R E A S. —
I n any area which has been declared by the President to be a major disaster area under the Disaster Relief Act of 1974, the President is authorized to make the determinations required by subsections (g) and (h) of this section for any project for the repair or replacement of a public facility substantially as it existed p r i o r to the disaster under section 401 or 402 of the Disaster Relief Act of 1974, and which the President determines (1) is necessary to prevent the recurrence of such a n a t u r a l disaster and to reduce the potential loss of human life, and (2) to involve an emergency situation which does not allow the o r d i n a r y procedures of this section to be followed. Notwithstanding
42 USC 5121 note. 42 USC 5171, 5172.
� | WIKI |
76718 2007-04-26 14:25:11 +0000 Setting Graphic at a controlmodel requires dialog peer 2013-02-07 21:49:46 +0000 1 1 3 Code General ui 680m209 All All ACCEPTED P3 Trivial AOO Later 1 berend.cornelius issues issues DEFECT --- --- 0 oldest_to_newest 1789263 0 berend.cornelius 2007-04-26 14:25:11 +0000 To set a graphic at a controlmodel, like a buttonmodel, radiobuttonmodel, checkboxmodel or ImageControlModel or Roadmap is only possible when the peer of the dialog is already created. I think this is bad especially due to issue 75129 ("Creation of dialog windowpeer makes all controls visible") that forces the developer to create the dialog peer when all dialog controls have been created already. 1789264 1 carsten.driesner 2007-05-03 15:05:41 +0000 cd: Accepted. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Thread:Comments:JetBlue flight attendant accused of cursing at passenger granted bail/Comments from feedback form - "WikiPeopleMagazineNews? No tha..."
WikiPeopleMagazineNews? No thanks. | WIKI |
Saadiah (actress)
Satya Baharom (10 August 1937 – 26 February 2005), known professionally as Saadiah was a Malaysian actress and director, who was famous in the 1950s and 1960s during the golden era of the Malay films.
Biography
Saadiah became interested in movies after taking her sister Mariam Baharum (Mariam Tahi Lalat) to Malay Film Productions to accompany her sister. One day, director B S Rajhans offered her the opportunity to lead a minor character in Rachun Dunia's film, starring Osman Gumanti, Kasma Booty, and P. Ramlee.
Saadiah participated in movies with P. Ramlee are Juwita, Anjoran Nasib, Sedarah, Penarek Becha, Hang Tuah, Semerah Padi, Sarjan Hassan, Musang Berjanggut and Antara Dua Darjat amongst others.
With the “Ceritaku Ceritamu” movie, Saadiah became the first Malay female director. However, it was her one and only directorial movies.
Her last movie was Matinya Seorang Patriot directed by Datuk Rahim Razali in 1984 with Eman Manan, Noor Kumalasari, Yusof Wahab and Zulkifli Zain.
Personal life
Her health condition did not allow her to continue acting. She was married to Datuk Ahmad Daud and was a mother to Fauziah (also known as Ogy), Fazlina, and Faizal.
She died on February 26, 2005, at 68, diagnosed with diabetes.
Filmography
In 1975, Saadiah acted with her husband and daughter Fauziah Ahmad Daud in the movie Permintaan Terakhir. | WIKI |
Cu2+ Affects Amyloid-β (1-42) Aggregation by Increasing Peptide-Peptide Binding Forces
TitleCu2+ Affects Amyloid-β (1-42) Aggregation by Increasing Peptide-Peptide Binding Forces
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2013
AuthorsHane, F., G. Tran, S. J. Attwood, and Z. Leonenko
JournalPLoS ONE
Volume8
Start Pagee59005
Issue3
Paginatione59005
Date Published03/2013
Abstract
The link between metals, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its implicated protein, amyloid-β (Aβ), is complex and highly studied. AD is believed to occur as a result of the misfolding and aggregation of Aβ. The dyshomeostasis of metal ions and their propensity to interact with Aβ has also been implicated in AD. In this work, we use single molecule atomic force spectroscopy to measure the rupture force required to dissociate two Aβ (1–42) peptides in the presence of copper ions, Cu2+. In addition, we use atomic force microscopy to resolve the aggregation of Aβ formed. Previous research has shown that metal ions decrease the lag time associated with Aβ aggregation. We show that with the addition of copper ions the unbinding force increases notably. This suggests that the reduction of lag time associated with Aβ aggregation occurs on a single molecule level as a result of an increase in binding forces during the very initial interactions between two Aβ peptides. We attribute these results to copper ions acting as a bridge between the two peptide molecules, increasing the stability of the peptide-peptide complex.
URLhttp://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0059005
DOI10.1371/journal.pone.0059005
Refereed DesignationRefereed
Related files: | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/User:Penright/Triumph Of Truth (Who Is Watching The Watchers?)
The result of the discussion was Speedy delete - this article history is riddled with BLP violations and this clearly can never be a wikipedia article Spartaz Humbug! 15:26, 4 August 2009 (UTC)
User:Penright/Triumph Of Truth (Who Is Watching The Watchers?)
Penright was encouraged to create this page after challenging the deletion of Triumph of Truth (Who s Watching The Watchers?) at Deletion Review; see Deletion review/Log/2009 July 31 Unfortunately, both the original article and the recreation in user space are nothing more than over-long and unverifiable paranoid-delusional ramblings about a non-notable person and his non-notable self-published book. There is absolutely no chance that Wikipedia will ever consent to host this material as an encyclopedia article; it is inappropriate to give Penright the false hope that we might do so; and, given that this will never be an article, this is inappropriate use of user subspace. A willingness on our part to continue to host stuff like this would harm our reputation. This rubbish needs to be purged. --Hesperian 23:57, 2 August 2009 (UTC)
* Speedy Keep This literally got accepted to userspace two days ago. Let's see what Penright does with it. Honestly, deleting it after it was just UNDELETED per a deletion review that he didn't seem to understand in the first place is going to confuse him to incredible amounts. At least keep it for another week or two before nominating. GrooveDog (talk) 03:50, 3 August 2009 (UTC)
* It wasn't userfied because of the DRV. It appears Penright created this on his own after being linked the subpage in the DRV, but it was not actually userfied for him. Cheers. lifebaka++ 22:37, 3 August 2009 (UTC)
* Keep for now, per Groove Dog. I think we've bitten him enough for the time being. If nothing comes of the article in a few weeks, I would support a deletion. Vicenarian (Said · Done) 03:57, 3 August 2009 (UTC)
* What do you guys think is going to come of it? Look at it. Try and read it. Look at the sources it relies upon: this for example. Tell me that you honestly believe that there is any possibility at all that a coherent article on a notable topic might emerge from this. It ain't gonna happen.
* Read below about how
* "Stephen Carew-Reid was taken to the Canberra Airport to be flown to Western Australia by a normal commercial airline, however, Stephen Carew-Reid,because of how well knows his courts cases, books and his "fight for justice, fairness and a fair go for the average Australian" was around Australia, all air hostesses around Australia threatened t call an Australian wide strike so that no commercial aeroplane in Australia could take off, and the whole of the commercial air industry would have come to a halt, if the Federal and Western Australian police, who were tying to get Stephen Carew-Reid on the aeroplane, made any further moves to put him on the plane. In the end the police had to take Stephen Carew-Reid back t the Canberra Watch House and the only way they could get him back to Western Australia was by an Australian government RAAF cargo plain plane the next day in company with 60 SAS solders as company."
* These are the deranged and fabulous ramblings of someone who is unwell. We should not be providing a forum for this. Hesperian 04:31, 3 August 2009 (UTC)
* Upon reading the wall of text below and the comments above and below, I see what amounts to several personal attacks against Wikipedia editors. This is not acceptable. There is precedent for removing WP:NPA material from userspace despite the wide-latitude we usually give. I thus switch to delete. Vicenarian (Said · Done) 12:15, 3 August 2009 (UTC)
* Delete per Hesperian. By userfying, all we've done is give him some more cred' by way of the page being indexed on Google http://www.google.com.au/search?q=Stephen+Carew-Reid This would be exactly what he wants to justify his ongoing crusade against the establishment. I am apparently the subject of an investigation which relates to this user
* the USA Weekly News investigative team have discovered that the person that removed the above articles and edits to the Perth Western Australian Daily-Weekend News page in Wikipedia, calls himself Moondyne, and was originally in the administratin section of Wikipedia, which is an unpaid job, and since 2003 when he resigned from from being on the adminteam of Wikipedia, he became a full time writer for Wikipedia, writing and editing thousands of artilces all about people, places, history, courts, sport, general news, media, crime, politics, etc from his rural property in Moolibeenie, near Gingin in Western Australia, which is about one hour from Perth, the capital city of Western Australia. In fact Moondyne was the person that posted the first edit of Perth Western Australian Daily-Weekend News page in Wikipedia, and complete most of the other minor edits completed by other part time editors of Wikipedia.
* WTF! And that url is one of the sources in the userfied article. Before long no doubt, this deletion and userfication saga will be another chapter in several of these self-published webpages, thus proving the conspiracy theory. –Moondyne 05:04, 3 August 2009 (UTC)
Reply to Hesperian regarding discussion on his wanting to have Triumph Of Truth (Who Is Watching The Watchers?) deleted from userspace
Hi Hesperian, note your below comments about the use of user space to was approved and authorised by senior deletion review editors.
S Marshall and endorsed by 1. Vicenarian, 2. -AndrewHowse 3,.javért stargaze , to develop the article Triumph Of Truth (Who Is Watching The Watchers?).
They stated
" the article is moved to a separate part of the wikipedia space where you can work on it at your leisure before it is "published" into the mainspace".
I have been working hard on the article and solid references to support the article before I went back to the the deletion review committed for their advice and decision of whether the article was ready in the right form and substance to be then moved to the main space, whether the article needed further work and adjustments and editing to satisfy the editing and set out rules for Wikipedia's main space.
From looking at your contribution history and the way you worded your comments attacking the subject matter of the article The Triumph Of Truth (Who Is Watching The Watchers?),
there is no doubt you are form Western Australia, and are part of, and well established with the establishment of Perth, Western Australia, who were obviously behind the destruction by the J S Battye library of Stephen Carew-Reid's seven series of books entitled Triumph Of Truth (Who Is Watching The Watchers?), as a result of a forceful approach from a Western Australian Crown Law Attorney, after the books were purchased by the J S Battye Library, Western Australia's State Reference Library, and paid for by public money.
The head historical librarian at the J S Battye Library, who ordered the books in the first place, has been interviewed as to why he ordered them in the first place, being obviously so contraversial.
"He stated that he had read the books cover to cover, and was satisfied that it was important that they should play an important part of the documentation of the alternative view of Western Australian History in relation to the law, the courts, the judiciary, the Public Trustee, politics, the legal community, the police and the business community."
This head historian-librarian is a very experienced and respected person in the Western Australian librarian and literature world, and if he felt the books were of enough public interest and importance to be placed into the main resource library for Western Australia, then certainly they are important enough to have an article written about them in Wikipedia.
I have interviewed many people and read a lot of comments in various papers ( private and public ones)about Stephen Carew-Reid in Western Australia and the words "paranoid-delusional ramblings" come up a lot form people that have an interest to classify Stephen Carew-Reid that way.
I do not know your real name, and you chose to attack the subject matter of the article and Stephen Carew-Reid with some vigour and strong personal determination to convince senior Wikipedian editors on the Deletion Review Committee, from your comments that they should overturn their decision they made only two days ago after reading a lot of argument and material on the matter and very thoughtful and due consideration.
In all due respect, because of the obvious likelihood of bias from you and anyone else from Western Australia, and even throughout Australia, from that matter, should not be allowed by Wikipedia to be involved in any discussion and/or voting on whether the subject matter contained in the draft article currently in Wikipedia userspace entitled Triumph Of Truth (Who Is Watching The Watchers?, should be allowed to remain in user space according to the orders given by the deletion review committee two days ago that stated "the article is moved to a separate part of the wikipedia space where you can work on it at your leisure before it is "published" into the mainspace".
To say Stephen Carew-Reid is not well known enough, and thus not considered to be noteworthy enough to have an article in Wikipedia, is an uninformed comment from the research I have done on Stephen Carew-Reid. Stephen Carew-Reid'd reputation is such that as far as I have been able to ascertain, 99.9% of all people of any note, power and or authority in Western Australian, business, political, legal, courts, police, medical, prosecution circles, all have the same opinion of Stephen Carew-Reid as you personally have of Stephen Carew-Reid.
For so many people of importance in the community to have such opinion, and/or any opinion at all about Stephen Carew-Reid, indicated that he was clearly very well known and thus noteworthy.
One of my research assistants has spoken to a number of attorneies At Law in Western Australia, and in fact all over Australia, and they all know of Stephen Carew-Reid, and in fact Stephen Carew-Reid is so is widely known through all the legal cirlces throughout Australia, to the point that I am informed that no qualified Attorney At Law will represent Stephen Carew-Reid in any legal matter whatsoever in the whole of Australia.
Summing up all the comments made about Stephen Carew-Reid, it seems that on one hand many people say ,like you do, that Stephen Carew-Reid is a "paranoid-delusional person", that may be true, I am not a doctor, I am not an Attorney At Law, I am a writer.
On the other hand when we have asked Attorneys at Law to read the lengthy 40 page statement of claim filed in the Supreme Court of Western Australia in legal action, Cor 81 of 1993 Stephen Carew-Reid v the Western Australian Public Trustee and others, all the Attorney's At Law say that this very complex statement of claim has been written very clearly and with an extreme high knowledge of very complex corporate legal arguments.
In fact many of the Attorney's At Law we spoke to actually said that they were not highly experienced and and/or legally qualified enough to have been able to write such a factually and legally complex statement of claim and if asked by a client to prepare such a document, they would have to employ one of the top QC Attorney's At law to prepare such a document for them.
The other interesting point to note is that Stephen Carew-Reid maintained his court actions and/or defended court actions for over 10 years in the courts, which we understand only ended in the end because Stephen Carew-Reid left Western Australian and went into hiding in fear of the powerful people he was having the long legal battles with and that he wrote about in his seven lengthy volumes of Triumph Of Truth (Who Is Watching The Watchers?).
Having read all seven volumes it is clear that he had a real and not un-foundered fear, that the, 99.9% of all people of any note, power and or authority in Western Australian, business, political, legal, courts, police, medical, prosecution circles in Western Australia and in legal circles all over Australia, who all have the same opinion of Stephen Carew-Reid as you personally have of Stephen Carew-Reid, feel that Stephen Carew-Reid is a "paranoid-delusional person who should be locked up in a mental institution to be treated as a paranoid-delusional person", and thus anything that he would write, could in your opinion and the opinion of 99.9% of the other people of any note, power and or authority in Western Australian, business, political, legal, courts, police, medical, prosecution circles could only be "over-long and unverifiable paranoid-delusional ramblings". The interesting thing here is that everyone that voices this opinion of Stephen Carew-Reid all have a public, legal, political, financial and or other reasons to say this about Stephen Carew-Reid.
I make no opinion either way, however here is no doubt that Stephen Carew-Reid is very well known amongst 99.9% of all people of any note, power and or authority in Western Australian, business, political, legal, courts, police, medical, prosecution circles in Western Australia and in legal circles all over Australia.
Stephen Carew-Reid is also very well known in media circles, however, I am told that there is clearly has been a media black ban in Australian mainstream media outlets and organisations in discussing Stephen Carew-Reid, the most contraversial his seven lengthy volumes of Triumph Of Truth (Who Is Watching The Watchers?) he has written and published by the Australian Weekend News Publishing Group, and/or his 20 years of thousands of contraversial court hearings the legal system has every experienced in every court in Western Australia, and even the Federal and High Courts in Canberra, in any newspaper, on any Television Net Work, any radio station, any magazine and/or any website.
I am not taking his side, I am just trying to provide a balanced unbiased article that on a subject matter I have been researching for over twenty years myself. I agree with you completely that the subject matter of the article, I am writing for Wikipedia, is the subject matter of the most contraversial seven lengthy volumes of Triumph Of Truth (Who Is Watching The Watchers?) he has written and published by the Australian Weekend News Publishing Group, in legal, political, police, prosecution, public trustee, prison, business, media circles is one that well could be based on a man that may well be as you state and personally believe, "a paranoid-delusional".
However, we all have to admit that one thing Stephen Carew-Reid is not, that this, "NOT WELL KNOWN AND NOT NOTEWORTHY.", he is one of the most well known and talked about people in Western Australian and even over Australia in media, business, political, legal, courts, police, medical, prosecution circles.
In fact, as set out and proven to be true in his books, when he was arrested at the Federal Court in Canberra Australian Capital Territory) after the first hearing of his Federal Action against 69 of the most powerful people in media, business, political, legal, courts, police, medical, prosecution circles in Western Australia which also included the Prime Minister of Australia and the Attorney General of Australia as respondents in his court action FEDERAL COURT OF AUSTRALIA
-Carew-Reid v Joyce [1999] FCA 998 (see: http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/cth/federal_ct/1999/998.html),
and after a number of court hearings all the way from the Magistrates court to the Federal Court of Australian, all held in Canberra appealing against an extradition order to be taken to Western Australia.
Stephen Carew-Reid was taken to the Canberra Airport to be flown to Western Australia by a normal commercial airline, however, Stephen Carew-Reid, and because of how well known Stephen Carew-Reid was in his courts cases, books and his "fight for justice, fairness and a fair go for the average Australian" was around Australia, all air hostesses around Australia threatened to call an Australian wide strike so that no commercial aeroplane in Australia could take off, and the whole of the commercial air industry would have come to a halt, if the Federal and Western Australian police, who were tying to get Stephen Carew-Reid on the aeroplane, made any further moves to put him on the plane.
In the end, the Federal and Western Australian Police, had to take Stephen Carew-Reid back to the Canberra Watch House,
The in the end, the only way they could get Stephen Carew-Reid back to Western Australia, was by an Australian Government RAAF cargo plain plane the next day, in company with 60 SAS solders as company.
It is clear from reading all the information in the subject available, that the authorities were scared of Stephen Carew-Reid appealing to the High Court of Australia, the next day, after losing the Federal Court Appeal at 7pm that night.
So they collected him at 4am the next morning from the Canberra Watch House, and drove him up to Newcastle, in News South Wales to put him on the RAAF Cargo plane to get him back to Perth before he could not haved any opportunity to lodge the High Court of Australia appeal the next day.
If the High Court of Australia Appeal was lodged, Stephen Carew-Reid would have had to stay in Canberra until the High Court Appeal was finalised, and the international media, who are in mass in Canberra all the time, may well have picked up the story.
Hesperina, I look forward to your further comments on this matter and thank you for bring it up for discussion.
Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/User:Penright/Triumph Of Truth (Who Is Watching The Watchers?)From Wikipedia, the free encyclopaedia < Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion[edit]User:Penright/Triumph Of Truth (Who Is Watching The Watchers?)Penright was encouraged to create this page after challenging the deletion of Triumph Of Truth (Who Is Watching The Watchers? at Deletion Review; see Wikipedia:Deletion review/Log/2009 July 31#Triumph Of Truth (Who Is Watching The Watchers?)
Unfortunately, both the original article and the recreation in user space are nothing more than over-long and unverifiable paranoid-delusional ramblings about a non-notable person and his non-notable self-published book. There is absolutely no chance that Wikipedia will ever consent to host this material as an encyclopedia article; it is inappropriate to give Penright the false hope that we might do so; and, given that this will never be an article, this is inappropriate use of user subspace.
A willingness on our part to continue to host stuff like this would harm our reputation. This rubbish needs to be purged. --Hesperian 23:57, 2 August 2009 (UTC)best regards PenrightPenright (talk) 02:36, 3 August 2009 (UTC)Penright (talk) 02:37, 3 August 2009 (UTC)Penright (talk) 04:08, 3 August 2009 (UTC)
* Delete per the giant brick-o-text immediately above, which in itself contains any number of things that Wikipedia is not and cannot ever be, plus the existing discussion of this material at DRV. If the eventual intention is to embody such allegations in a Wikipedia article, it's best to cut those intentions off sooner rather than later, and that means deletion. — Gavia immer (talk) 05:45, 3 August 2009 (UTC) Update: I have reviewed Penright's revised version and see no reason to change my opinion. Although less bad, the revised version still can never be a Wikipedia article. — Gavia immer (talk) 23:51, 3 August 2009 (UTC)
* Keep Userspace is not mainspace, and many of the strictures on mainspace are not applicable here. Especially since userfication of articles which do not belong in mainspace does not mean that they are instantly deletable from userspace - that is why userfication exists. Collect (talk) 10:55, 3 August 2009 (UTC)
* Delete This rant has no chance of ever becoming an article. I suggest that Penright look into getting web hosting of his own, and save a copy of his work to his hard disk in the mean time, if he hasn't already done so. Gigs (talk) 12:48, 3 August 2009 (UTC)
* Comment - It doesn't really matter if this is kept or deleted, honestly, it is just a TL;DR user-space entry right now. Set aside the poor article-writing for a moment, what this user desperately needs is some seriously rudimentary instruction in basic communication/interaction with other users. I cannot tell what they are trying to accomplish with this unformatted repetitive cut n paste wall. Tarc (talk) 12:53, 3 August 2009 (UTC)
* Delete Userification is justified for subjects that are borderline notable or articles that are insufficiently sourced but possibly notable. However userspace is not the place to host unsourced conspiracy theories and wild allegations against all and sundry, like this "article". I recommend that anyone !voting to retain this text, spend some time to read through it; a representative sample:
* The article always be developed offline, till sourcing, notability and fringe issues are taken care of. Abecedare (talk) 15:19, 3 August 2009 (UTC)
* The article always be developed offline, till sourcing, notability and fringe issues are taken care of. Abecedare (talk) 15:19, 3 August 2009 (UTC)
Summary of debate of whether User:Penright/Triumph Of Truth (Who Is Watching The Watchers?) should stay or go
1.Hi I am using Penright's log in editing name hear and I have changed my name by officially and for Wikipedia I which to be known as Robert Jamison, being my writing name.
2. I have been involved with investigating the evidence, allegations and claims made in the seven series of books called The Triumph Of Truth (Who Is Watching The Watchers?), written by Stephen Carew-Reid and published by the Australian Weekend News Publishing Group, in the early 1990's, that were originally purchased by the Western Australian Resource and Reference Library known in Wikipedia as the J S Battye Library, since the 1980's.
3. I was originally a senior Western Australian Police Officer, who resigned from the Western Australian Police Force, after I could not any more live with the deeply rooted, entrenched and endemic corruption in the police, prison, courts, legal fraternity, the law and prosecution sections of the Western Australian Community. 4 . I have officially changed my name with the help and assistance of the internal affairs of the Western Australian Police Service and the Australian Federal Police Service, after agreeing to provide evidence of corruption amongst the Western Australian, other Australian State Police Services and also amongst the Australian Federal Police. 5. I have changed my name officially because of fears of the physical safety of my family, friends and myself as a result of my providing evidence again corrupt members of the police.
5. I am now under Australian Federal Police Witness Protection and I am still involved with the research, investigations and enquires allegations and claims made in the seven series of books called The Triumph Of Truth (Who Is Watching The Watchers?), written by Stephen Carew-Reid and published by the Australian Weekend News Publishing Group, in the early 1990's,.
6. As far as the entry of Moondyne coming into the debate, I have now completed research internally in Wikipedia and elsewhere and it seems that a number of factors should be considered as far as whether Moondyne should be allowed to enter the debate, and whether his vote as to deletion and/or non deletion of User:Penright/Triumph Of Truth (Who Is Watching The Watchers?) should be allowed to effect the end decision by Wikipedia as to whether to delete and/or not delete User:Penright/Triumph Of Truth (Who Is Watching The Watchers?) from Wikipedia:
(a)the USAWeekendNews.com website has wrongly or rightly indicated that Moondyne would have obvious reasons to have a bias for various reasons, as explained by the USAWeeklyNews.com website, in any voting for the deletion of User:Penright/Triumph Of Truth (Who Is Watching The Watchers?), as Moondyne has done already,
(b) I make no comment on the validity of reason provided by USAWeeklyNews.com, however, the mere fact that the allegations have been made, it would only then be appropriate for the administration of Wikipedia to rule that Moondyne's vote and comments, to urgently and forcefully push for the immediate deletion of User:Penright/Triumph Of Truth (Who Is Watching The Watchers?), not be counted in the final decision making process of whether to delete or not delete deletion User:Penright/Triumph Of Truth (Who Is Watching The Watchers?) from Wikipedia User Space,
(c) I do note however in terms of pure logic I have learned to use after years of being a senior police officer, in analysing the comments made by USAWeeklyNews.com, the evidence seems to indicate that
Moondyne appears to have be involved on a very full time basis for a number of years with others helping him, such as Hesperian See:(cur) (prev) 00:21, 10 May 2006 Hesperian (talk | contribs) (→Re: Kamin) (undo) (cur) (prev) 00:19, 10 May 2006 Hesperian (talk | contribs) (undo) (cur) (prev) 03:15, 9 May 2006 Hesperian (talk | contribs) (→Wittenoom) (undo) (cur) (prev) 03:14, 9 May 2006 Hesperian (talk | contribs) (undo) (cur) (prev) 02:21, 9 May 2006 Hesperian (talk | contribs) (→Re: Kamin) (undo) (cur) (prev) 02:21, 9 May 2006 Hesperian (talk | contribs) (undo) (cur) (prev) 01:55, 9 May 2006 Hesperian (talk | contribs) (replay and revert abuse) (undo) (cur) (prev) 01:51, 9 May 2006 Michael Kamins (talk | contribs) (undo) (cur) (prev) 00:44, 9 May 2006 Hesperian (talk | contribs) (Wittenoom) (undo) (cur) (prev) 04:29, 8 May 2006 Sumple (talk | contribs) m (Elise Chen) (undo) (cur) (prev) 21:06, 7 May 2006 MiszaBot (talk | contribs) (Esperanza Newsletter, Issue #3) (undo) (cur) (prev) 03:45, 5 May 2006 Hesperian (talk | contribs) (undo) (cur) (prev) 03:37, 5 May 2006 Hesperian (talk | contribs) (undo) (cur) (prev) 03:20, 5 May 2006 Hesperian (talk | contribs) (undo) (cur) (prev) 03:20, 5 May 2006 Hesperian (talk | contribs) (undo) (cur) (prev) 03:18, 5 May 2006 Hesperian (talk | contribs) (undo) sited at
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php title=User_talk:Moondyne&dir=prev&action=history)
on research, solely on editing and writing articles that concern Western Australia, one way or another.
(d) I ALSO note the following record and comment by YellowMonkey on Moondyne's history contribution files (The YellowMonkey strongly condemns paid editing for businessmen as inherently un-NPOVable. Functionaries should not be able to do it.(taken from Moondyne see: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:YellowMonkey (cur) (prev) 08:18, 3 May 2006 YellowMonkey (talk | contribs) (→Boy Charlton: ACOTW) (undo)(cur) (prev) 01:51, 3 May 2006 YellowMonkey (talk | contribs) (→Template:Did you know: fix-up medal citation) (undo)(cur) (prev) 01:50, 3 May 2006 YellowMonkey (talk | contribs) (→Template:Did you know: DYK medal) (undo))
So the fact that the logic says that as Moondyne and User_talk:Hesperian appear to have been working closely together on a full time as paid contributors and editors of Wikipedia of the last few years and also appear to be the best of friends on a personal and business level who both appear to have lived in Western Australia for many years and just mainly work together writing and editing Wikipedia Articles concerning places, people, events, the law, courts, sports, music, entertainment, media, film etc in Western Australia and if fact seem to be in an unofficial control of any article that is origanlly written and/or edited about any subject concerning Western Australia.
This thought pattern is backup by the fact that in the last few weeks I tried to edit two aricles concerning western Australian Affairs, that is Daily_News_(Perth,_Western_Australia) and List_of_newspapers_published_in_Western_Australia, and on both occasions the edits have been reversed within minutes of them being placed on Wikipedia by me.
(e) the language, words and comments that were made by both Moondyne and User_talk:Hesperian about my edits of these articles and the edits by User_talk:Penright on his article User:Penright/Triumph Of Truth (Who Is Watching The Watchers?) have been clearly wrongful and unnecessary against new editors of Wikipedia that are just learning the ropes in a very complex set of rules, guidelines and regulations and these comments such as " unrelated spam" by Moondyne and "unverifiable paranoid-delusional ramblings" by User_talk:Hesperian seem to be to be in clear breach of the Wikipedia guidelines as to the way use Wiki editors are meant to be treated and spoken to, and have warranted the most strongest response in return, Even thouhgh I fully agree with in principle with User:Vicenarian comments when she gives here reason for changing her decision form not to delete to delete because of what she says
"Upon reading the wall of text below and the comments above and below, I see what amounts to several personal attacks against Wikipedia editors. This is not acceptable. There is precedent for removing WP:NPA material from userspace despite the wide-latitude we usually give. I thus switch to delete."
, "the personal attacks on editors" as she calls them, have only been in response of serious and wrongful personal attacks on new Wiki editors that were completely unwarranted and clearly outside Wiki Guidelines, and the these personal attacks were only a response to personal attacks on two new Wiki Editors, and anyway a full apology if provided to put an end to that as a reason for User:Vicenarianchanging her mind from not to deleteItalic text to delete.Italic text 6. the heated discussions as the have become on this Strike-through text http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Miscellany_for_deletion/User:Penright/Triumph_Of_Truth_(Who_Is_Watching_The_Watchers%3F)&action=edit page havingnothing to do with what will end up in the finished article on User:Penright/Triumph Of Truth (Who Is Watching The Watchers?) before it is represented to the to the Deletyion Review Committe, when the artilce in final finished after a planned consulting with another experienced editor that User:Penright knows personally in the USA. 7. I also note that while it is useful to have these current discussions, in fact any open discussions and debate on nay matter is healthly, no matter how heated and emotional it may get at times, the current process of attempted deletion of User:Penright/Triumph Of Truth (Who Is Watching The Watchers?) which even though officially was initiated by User_talk:Hesperian, I have been a police officer for too long no to have the opinion (no offence intended), that it was Moondyne that asked User_talk:Hesperian to do him a favour by putting in the news initiation of deletion discussions, when in normality and fairness, such discussions and deletion decisions should be restricted to the original Deletion Review Committee that ruled on the moving the original Triumph_Of_Truth_(Who_S_Watching_The_Watchers?) artilce to userspace ot give as much time as needed by User:Penright to finish editing User:Penright/Triumph Of Truth (Who Is Watching The Watchers?) before it was represented back to the Deletion Review Committee for their decisions of what to do with it next. The current attempts to set up new "a back door deletion committee that is stacked with people that seem to have a personal vested interest in the outcome", rather than a Deletion Review Committee that was originally picked at random with no prior knowledge of the matter, could be considered as a wrongful attempt by bypass the the original Deletion Review Committee's decision. 8. I also make the comment that the all issues involved have to be separated separated and not all bundled into one so we can all make sense of the debate. Issue One: Whether the extreme contraversial nature of the facts surrounding the article on User:Penright/Triumph Of Truth (Who Is Watching The Watchers?) which clearly involves seven books that have no doubt been written, with copies having been sold to the J S Battye Library,having been advertised in the West Australian Newspaper for sale for a number of weeks by the Weekend News Publishing Group, the publishers of the books called The Triumph Of Truth (Who Is Watching The Watchers?). These facts are easily verifiable by searching a copy of the West Australian Newspaper the micro fish at the J S Battye Library and a statement from the librarian in the J S Battye Library that originally ordered and paid for the books, as well as I can provide a copy of the receipt form the library that I was given back in the 1990's that confirms that purchased these books called The Triumph Of Truth (Who Is Watching The Watchers?) published by the Australian Weekend News Publishing group under their newspaper, magazine and book publishing masthead the Weekend News, which was later changed to the Australian Weekend News.Wikipedia has to decide if the contraversial nature of these books is an issue that will stop them having an article p;lace don Wikipedia about them, what was said in them and the cercumstances of these being destroyed by the J S Battye Library, and later on in 2005, the original manuscripts for these books take by the Queensland polcie form a home iat 6 EarL Court, Tallai, Gold Coast, Queensland. There is a copy of the original receipt available that I have personally seen, signed by Senior Detective Gregory Stormont for an on behalf of the Queensland Police for the removal of the books. That issue seems to already have been adjudicated by, wrongly or rightly, by the original Deletion Review Committee's decision allow User:Penright to move the article to Wiki User Space and have as much time as he needs to work on the article to get it into shape for bringing back to the original Deletion Review Committee for further checking and decisions to me made about the article.
The only thing left to decide, debate and discuss is the actual wording, grammar, layout, set out etc of the final article and that the final article in accordance of the publishing rules for Wikipedia Main Space. I do believe that the proper place and forum for sorting out these last set of issues as to the final format and working of the final edit of the article is the the original Deletion Review Committee, not a back door committee set up and consisting of some of Wiki Editors those that seem to have a a personal, business and/or other interest at stake in having User:Penright/Triumph Of Truth (Who Is Watching The Watchers?) immediately deleted so it never can go back to the original Deletion Review Committee for further checking and decisions to me made about the article.
This is like making an appeal to a hight court, and just because the higher court make recommendations and orders that does not suit parties that have a personal interest in the matter, that they the set up another alternative appeals court and bypass the one that the issue is already being adjudicated by, stacked with adjudicatiors that have a personal interest in the matter. 9. I woould appreciate your sensible thoughts and view to what I have said here and please do not take any personal offence as to anything I have said, it has all been in aide of trying to get the debate and discussion back onto an unemmotial and not attacking mode.Penright (talk) 15:58, 3 August 2009 (UTC)
Many thanks User:Abecedare for our valuable contribution to User:Penright/Triumph Of Truth (Who Is Watching The Watchers?)
Many thanks User:Abecedare for our valuable contribution to the editing of User:Penright/Triumph Of Truth (Who Is Watching The Watchers?), the sentence that you suggest is in appropriate for inclusion on a Wikipedia Main Space Page has been edited out according to your wished and suggestion. that is the sentence :. Just for the record, this quote taken from notes that were taken from reading the original books when they still in the J S Battye Library, and the original books where the source for that statement. The quote was edited into the draft article of User:Penright/Triumph Of Truth (Who Is Watching The Watchers?) to explain to those his reading the article as to why the original one paragraph Writ was issued in 1986 in the Supreme Court of Western Australia by Stephen Carew-Reid against the Public Trustee of Western Australia. The mere fact there is now Wiki editors reading this draft article in user space, and making comments and suggestions as to what should be included in the article and what not should be included, in another good reason why this very sensitive article about the most contraversial subject and matter in the history of the law, the courts, society, public trustee, police, business, media, literature that ever existed, should be developed on-line in User Space were hundreds of thousands of editors worldwide can be allowed to make suggestions,ideas etc as edits that should be made to this article in User Space called User:Penright/Triumph Of Truth (Who Is Watching The Watchers?), before it is re-submitted to the original Deletion Review Committee for further checking and decisions to me made about the article. I suppose the main factual points of the article are that the books were written, about a particular contraversial subject matter, that was so contraversial that those that were written about in the books, decided to use their influence and power in the Western Australian Crown Law Office and the Queensland Police Service to have all copies and manuscripts of these books destroyed and/or removed and destroyed, from where ever they could be could be found. The places they were found was in the J S Battye Library having been purchased by the J S Battye Library with public money, and the original manuscripts removed from 6 Earl Court, Tallai, Queensland by the Queensland Police. Thee facts are clear and undisputed and provable, and not challenged by anyone. How the article is worded to be an unbiased account of all this it up to as many Wikipedians editors that are interested to help edit this article that is part if the history of Western Australia. the rest if the article talks about the authors well know and notable family (alive and deceased which include:
1. his brother Lloyd Carew-Reid who has become very notable in his fight for justice in New York, his sister Pippen Drysdale who has become an internationally acclaimed artist-potter,
3. his brother Wayne Carew-Reid, who is a well known and notable business and sport person living in Western Australia, and
Stephen Carew-Reid's great grand father, Sir Edgar Bertram Mackennal, (1863-1931) was the most significant Australian Sculpture of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
Born in Melbourne in 1863, the son of Scottish immigrant and architectural sculptor J. S. Mackennal, Bertram Mackennal studied at the National Gallery Schools in Melbourne (1878-1882) before he departed for Europe in 1882, seeking further training and greater opportunities for sculptural success., there seems no doubt in due course there will be Wiki Articles created on both Lloyd Carew-Reid and Pippen Drysdale), the creation of some cartoon characters for the books and for the use in the Weekend News which later became the Australian Weekend News newspaper and the author started publishing from 1986 onwards as an Western Australian Newspaper as the Weekend News, and then as an Australia wide newspaper as the Australian Weekend News, as a continuation of the original Weekend News published for many years by the West Australian Newspaper Group, and form 1990 on as the cointunuation of the old Daily_News_(Perth,_Western_Australia. It article also talk about Stephen Carew-Reid's connection with another very notable Western Australian, the internationally acclaimed cartoonist, Paul Rigby, and advices, support and help he gave to Stephen Carew-Reid's endevours to continuation the publication of the original Weekend News and [Daily_News_(Perth,_Western_Australia]] under a new newspaper masthead Australian Weekend NewsMany thanks for listening and for you valuable contribution, thought and ideas to this matter.Penright (talk) 17:09, 3 August 2009 (UTC)
* Delete soonest. Clearly a violation of BLP against several people. Who then was a gentleman? (talk) 20:01, 3 August 2009 (UTC)
* Comment Penright, if you continue to disrupt this discussion by uncollapsing your massive comments, you could be blocked. Gigs (talk) 20:50, 3 August 2009 (UTC)
* Delete, no chance of becoming a legitimate article, and BLP issue doesn't allow leniency here. Fut.Perf. ☼ 21:25, 3 August 2009 (UTC)
* Have deleted offending material as you all requested from User:Penright/Triumph Of Truth (Who Is Watching The Watchers?) according to Wikipedia rules that you have pointed out about not appearing to attach any living person or organisation on in a Wikipedia article. Please would you all be so kind to review your individual "to keep" or "to delete" decisions in the light of the revised edit on this article, many thanks again for all your contribution, thoughts, advice and guidance as you all have a lot more experience at this than IPenright (talk) 22:21, 3 August 2009 (UTC)
* Note: Applied __NOINDEX__ for the time being. -- King of ♥ ♦ ♣ ♠ 23:13, 3 August 2009 (UTC)
* Delete I originally support the userfication of this "article". However, due to the concerns raised by Moondyne as well as giving the "article" a thorough re-reading, I must vote for its deletion. Absolutely nothing good or productive can come from this. Violates WP:NOTWEBHOST to the extreme. Best, → javért stargaze 23:26, 3 August 2009 (UTC)
* Deleted more material as requested from User:Penright/Triumph Of Truth (Who Is Watching The Watchers?)
Have deleted more material as you all requested from User:Penright/Triumph Of Truth (Who Is Watching The Watchers?) since your last vote to delete could please could you review your deletion decision in the light of the last editBold text, according to Wikipedia rules that you have pointed out about not appearing to attach any living person or organisation on in a Wikipedia article. Please would you all be so kind to review your individual "to keep" or "to delete" decisions in the light of the revised edit on this article, many thanks again for all your contribution, thoughts, advice and guidance as you all have a lot more experience at this than IPenright (talk) 22:21, 3 August 2009 (UTC)Penright (talk) 23:30, 3 August 2009 (UTC)Penright (talk) 23:49, 3 August 2009 (UTC)Penright (talk) 23:55, 3 August 2009 (UTC)many thanksPenright (talk) 00:37, 4 August 2009 (UTC)Penright (talk) 01:03, 4 August 2009 (UTC)
* Delete, there is no chance of this ever being a valid article as it stands. If, somehow, material relating to this content is ever printed in a WP:RS, then by all means undelete the page (hell, I'll do it myself if that is the case). Until then, it should be deleted due to the numerous BLP issues in the history, among the other serious problems present. Lankiveil (speak to me) 11:02, 4 August 2009 (UTC).
| WIKI |
Yitzhak Kanev
Yitzhak Kanev (יִצְחָק קַנֵּב, 1896 – 8 May 1980) was a Zionist activist and politician. He was the founder of the Kupat Holim health care system and directed it for 38 years.
Biography
Born Isaac Kanevsky in Melitopol in the Russian Empire (today in Ukraine), Kanev studied Natural Sciences and Economics at university in Crimea, and later social sciences at the University of London, the University of Vienna, and the School of Economics & Law in Tel Aviv. In 1917, Kanievsky joined the Jewish Self Defense in Russia, and was one of the founders of the Russian branch of HeHalutz. He also served as a delegate to the Tzeiri Zion convention and the General Zionist Convention in St Petersburg.
In 1919, Kanev immigrated to Palestine. The following year he fought in the Battle of Tel Hai, where he was wounded. He later helped found Gdud HaAvoda and attended the convention that established the Histadrut trade union. In 1923, he became one of the leaders of the Histadrut's medical services, and in 1947 he established the Institute for Social Research, where he served as a director.
Given a place on the Mapai list for the 1949 Knesset elections, he missed out on a seat as the party won 46 seats. However, he entered the Knesset on 20 April 1950 as a replacement for the deceased Avraham Taviv. He lost his seat in the 1951 elections.
He died in 1980.
Awards and honours
* In 1962 Kanev was awarded the Israel Prize in social sciences.
Works
* Social policy and social insurance in Palestine (1942)
* Social insurance in Palestine and its reconstruction (1946)
* Society in Israel and social planning (1962)
* Social policy in Israel: Achievements and shortcomings (1964)
* Health, services in Israel and public expenditure on health and international comparisons (1965/66–1967/68) (1969)
* Social and health research, 1964-1965 (1966)
* Israel's war on poverty and new approaches to rehabilitation (1971) | WIKI |
Treatment for HIV
Although there is no cure for HIV at this time, there are medications used to treat and suppress the virus. Eventually, a person’s viral load can become “undetectable” meaning that the amount of HIV in the blood is so low, that the virus is not detected when tested. Controlling viral load is essential for those with HIV to lead a longer life with fewer HIV-related complications.
Recent research has suggested that those who achieve and maintain an undetectable viral load have virtually no risk of transmitting the virus to an HIV-negative partner. This idea has been referred to as “undetectable = untransmittable” or “U=U”. Therefore, the risk of HIV transmission to an HIV-negative partner can be reduced when an HIV-positive partner is on ART and taking their medications as prescribed.1-3
HIV antiretrovirals
HIV medications can be separated into different categories called drug classes. Each drug class targets a different point in the HIV life cycle. The main HIV drug classes in order of the life cycle steps they impact include:
• CCR5 antagonists
• Post-attachment inhibitors
• Fusion inhibitors
• Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)
• Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)
• Integrase inhibitors
• Protease inhibitors
• Pharmacokinetic enhancers4
Treatment with multiple HIV medications from a variety of different drug classes has been shown to be the most effective in helping an individual achieve viral suppression. Using multiple medications or classes of medications to treat HIV is referred to as antiretroviral therapy (ART) or combination antiretroviral therapy (cART).
Prophylaxis (PrEP/PEP)
There are some medications that can be used for the prophylactic treatment of HIV. Prophylaxis or prophylactic treatment for HIV involves taking medications to reduce an individual’s risk of getting the virus. PrEP is for individuals who are currently HIV-negative, but who may be at an increased risk of getting the virus. PEP is used immediately after a potential exposure to HIV has occurred, to prevent an exposed individual from getting infected, and is taken for 28 days.
PrEP
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) involves taking a daily pill to prevent the transmission of HIV. PrEP is intended to be used by individuals who may be at an increased risk of getting HIV, including those who have a sexual partner with HIV or injection drug users. PrEP contains the medications tenofovir and emtricitabine, and must be taken consistently each day to maintain its effectiveness.
PEP
PEP (post-exposure prophylaxis) is a combination of medicines given after potential exposure to HIV has occurred. PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) is different from PEP in that PrEP is taken before a potential exposure occurs and on a long-term basis. PEP, on the other hand, is designed to be used in emergency situations only, and after a potential exposure has occurred. PEP involves more medications at higher doses than PrEP, and cannot be used on a regular basis. If you consistently have a higher risk of getting HIV, PrEP is a more beneficial, long-term option.5-8
Complementary and alternative medicine
Complementary and alternative approaches to HIV care have become of increasing interest over the past several years. A complimentary therapy or approach refers to a non-traditional treatment that is used with typical medical treatment options. Alternative therapies are used in place of traditional medical treatment options. Some healthcare providers can create plans of care that are integrative, meaning they incorporate both traditional and non-traditional approaches.9,10 Common complementary and alternative therapies used for HIV include:
• Yoga
• Massage
• Aromatherapy
• Acupuncture
• Meditation
• Visualization
• Herbal medicines
• Supplements10
Some complementary or alternative therapies may help give the immune system a boost to help fight HIV, such as physical exercises or supplements, while others may be aimed at improving side-effects of treatment.11,12 Whatever the reason is for pursuing these options, it is always important to consult your healthcare provider before trying any new therapy. There can be dangerous consequences to stopping or changing medications on your own and some therapies, especially supplements or herbs, may impact the way a medication or other treatment impacts the body.
Healthy eating and exercise
Healthy eating and exercise are important components of caring for our bodies. This is especially true when battling a chronic condition like HIV. Eating well and participating in regular physical activity can help boost the immune system, reduce stress, help minimize treatment side effects, and improve mental health, all of which are important in the fight against HIV.13
By providing your email address, you are agreeing to our privacy policy. We never sell or share your email address.
Written by: Casey Hribar | Last reviewed: November 2020 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Romance & Reality 3.pdf/102
100 The dispute ended as disputes usually do when a lady is really in earnest in the will she expresses to her lover. Lorraine took charge of the packet—was intrusted with the pass-word—and prepared to take his departure reluctantly enough, but still with much of excitement and interest in his expedition. From the eloquent descriptions of the daughter, he had imbibed no little admiration of the father. It must be owned, that Beatrice's character of him was rather his beau idéal than himself. Don Henriquez was a brave and honourable man, with a degree of information rare among his countrymen; but he was not at all the person to be placed in uncommon circumstances. He had seen enough of England to have caught impressions, rather than convictions, of the advantages of a free people; and a good constitution seemed equally necessary to the nation and the individual. But his ideas of liberty were more picturesque than practical. He dwelt on the rights of the people, without considering whether that people were in a state to enforce, or even receive them. He declaimed on tyranny like an ancient, on information like a modern. He forgot that, for change to be useful, it must be gradual; and while enlarging on | WIKI |
Nutrition Management For Post COVID Care
In the month of December 2019, There was a global pandemic outbreak that has not only affected our lives but also made drastic changes in the way we have been living. From making us work from home to making everything digital and hassle-free.
The one thing that did not change was to eat healthy, exercise, and stay fit. All around the world experts spoke about how important it is to stay healthy and exercise regularly.
Since the virus affects the respiratory system and your immunity, there are some after-effects that could have adverse long-term effects on your body. To recover from that here are few nutrients guidelines that could help you in the long term.
CARBOHYDRATES AND DIETARY FIBRE
Consumption of complex carbohydrates and dietary fibers plays a vital role in boosting your immunity. Researches have shown that consuming low glycemic foods can help in reducing the free radicals which result in better immunity.
Omega 3 fatty acid
Omega 3 fatty acids have proven to have anti-inflammatory properties, in addition, they inactivate the growth of the virus, decreasing the chances of replication of the virus in our body
Vitamins
Vitamins such as A, C,D,E,B6,B12 have high antioxidant properties which can not only reduce inflammation in the body but also decrease your resistance to fight the disease naturally
Trace Elements
Trace elements such as Zinc, Selenium, and copper can drastically increase your immunity. They have an antimicrobial property which acts as a natural antibiotic to fight the virus
Thus, Nutrition and proper monitored dietary intake can play a very major role in post COVID recovery. People often ignore nutrition as a part of their health and well-being, but if nutrition is made an integral part of your lifestyle could give you very positive changes. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
What makes a Nazi salute the deepest betrayal (opinion)
David Vigilante is Executive Vice President and General Counsel for CNN and Warner Media News and Sports. The opinions expressed in this commentary are his. Read more opinion on CNN. (CNN)Many people of all political persuasions and backgrounds were rightly horrified at the videos that appeared to show high school students in an affluent Los Angeles suburb singing Nazi songs and making the Nazi salute. Sadly, this was just the latest incident of young Americans evoking this nightmarish past. But those of us who are appalled by these acts sometimes fail to see the full scope of the awfulness we are witnessing. Acts of racism and anti-Semitism are directed at particular groups, to be sure. Jews, immigrants and people of color have powerful reasons to fear white-supremacist, Nazi-sympathizing hatred and violence. But the danger doesn't stop there. We must remind ourselves that this deplorable behavior harms all of us. We fail one another when we Americans forget our history. And we do violence to the memory of those who sacrificed for us. The 1944 massacre at Malmedy during World War II is but one example. By the end of that year, it was apparent to all but the most deluded Germans that the war was lost. Desperate to delay defeat, Adolf Hitler ordered what has become known as "the Battle of the Bulge," a last-ditch offensive that was meant not only to split Allied lines, but also to strike terror in the hearts of soldiers and civilians alike. One assault in this campaign was led by an SS Panzer Division commander named Joachim Peiper. On Dec. 17, 1944, less than six months until the end of the war, Peiper's column came across an American convoy near Malmedy, in Belgium. The tanks quickly disabled the lightly armed convoy, and the Americans surrendered. Peiper's column continued on its way, leaving a few troops behind. The Nazis forced the captured Americans into a field, where, suddenly and without provocation, they opened fire with their machine guns. Some tried to flee, and others played dead in the hopes of surviving. But the Nazis were not done. They went among the felled soldiers and shot, stabbed or bludgeoned each one to ensure they were dead. They had English-speaking Germans offer medical advice to survivors to trick them into identifying themselves. Some had their skulls crushed. Others were lined up and shot or were shot in the head at point-blank range. But that still wasn't enough for the Nazis. One small group had escaped to a nearby house. The Nazis found them, trapped them inside and burned them alive. More than 80 massacred Americans remained there, frozen in the winter fields, until other American troops liberated the area in early 1945. The world recognized the horrors committed by Peiper and his men. He and 42 others under his leadership were convicted of war crimes and sentenced to hang. This is who the Nazis were. Books have been written exposing efforts to hide this history and cover up these atrocities in order to cement our relationship with our emerging ally in the 1950s, West Germany. For our own sake, we must reclaim this history and remind ourselves of the sacrifices of our forebears. We all must remember, and every generation must learn, the simple fact that the Nazi regime is responsible for more American war deaths than any other foreign adversary in American history. It was a brutal regime in every respect. They committed the most heinous acts of systemized murder in human history. And they killed and tortured Americans with a savagery that resulted in massive war crimes convictions. Our children must know that making that salute, singing those songs and glorifying that monstrous regime are grievous acts of betrayal by any American. In addition to being horribly racist, it mocks the sacrifices of the more than 200,000 Americans who died freeing Europe from the Nazis and who saved democracy. They must learn that there are no good people among those who venerate Nazis or who ape their gestures and rituals with admiration. People who do that have made a choice. They have chosen the path of betrayal and disloyalty. Their whiteness will not save them. Indeed, their willingness to associate with a culture that had hate and murder at its core excludes them from the community of loyal Americans who so vastly outnumber them. To admire Nazism is to be a racist. To admire Nazism is to betray your country. And to admire Nazism is to torture the souls of those Americans who paid the ultimate price to save our democracy from the Nazis. That is how we all must see anyone who venerates Nazis. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Next: , Up: Customization
15.1 Common Item Keywords
The customization declarations that we will describe in the next few sections—defcustom, defgroup, etc.—all accept keyword arguments (see Constant Variables) for specifying various information. This section describes keywords that apply to all types of customization declarations.
All of these keywords, except :tag, can be used more than once in a given item. Each use of the keyword has an independent effect. The keyword :tag is an exception because any given item can only display one name.
:tag label
Use label, a string, instead of the item's name, to label the item in customization menus and buffers. Don't use a tag which is substantially different from the item's real name; that would cause confusion.
:group group
Put this customization item in group group. If this keyword is missing from a customization item, it'll be placed in the same group that was last defined (in the current file).
When you use :group in a defgroup, it makes the new group a subgroup of group.
If you use this keyword more than once, you can put a single item into more than one group. Displaying any of those groups will show this item. Please don't overdo this, since the result would be annoying.
:link link-data
Include an external link after the documentation string for this item. This is a sentence containing a button that references some other documentation.
There are several alternatives you can use for link-data:
(custom-manual info-node)
Link to an Info node; info-node is a string which specifies the node name, as in "(emacs)Top". The link appears as ‘[Manual]’ in the customization buffer and enters the built-in Info reader on info-node.
(info-link info-node)
Like custom-manual except that the link appears in the customization buffer with the Info node name.
(url-link url)
Link to a web page; url is a string which specifies the URL. The link appears in the customization buffer as url and invokes the WWW browser specified by browse-url-browser-function.
(emacs-commentary-link library)
Link to the commentary section of a library; library is a string which specifies the library name. See Library Headers.
(emacs-library-link library)
Link to an Emacs Lisp library file; library is a string which specifies the library name.
(file-link file)
Link to a file; file is a string which specifies the name of the file to visit with find-file when the user invokes this link.
(function-link function)
Link to the documentation of a function; function is a string which specifies the name of the function to describe with describe-function when the user invokes this link.
(variable-link variable)
Link to the documentation of a variable; variable is a string which specifies the name of the variable to describe with describe-variable when the user invokes this link.
(custom-group-link group)
Link to another customization group. Invoking it creates a new customization buffer for group.
You can specify the text to use in the customization buffer by adding :tag name after the first element of the link-data; for example, (info-link :tag "foo" "(emacs)Top") makes a link to the Emacs manual which appears in the buffer as ‘foo’.
You can use this keyword more than once, to add multiple links.
:load file
Load file file (a string) before displaying this customization item (see Loading). Loading is done with load, and only if the file is not already loaded.
:require feature
Execute (require 'feature) when your saved customizations set the value of this item. feature should be a symbol.
The most common reason to use :require is when a variable enables a feature such as a minor mode, and just setting the variable won't have any effect unless the code which implements the mode is loaded.
:version version
This keyword specifies that the item was first introduced in Emacs version version, or that its default value was changed in that version. The value version must be a string.
:package-version '(package . version)
This keyword specifies that the item was first introduced in package version version, or that its meaning or default value was changed in that version. This keyword takes priority over :version.
package should be the official name of the package, as a symbol (e.g., MH-E). version should be a string. If the package package is released as part of Emacs, package and version should appear in the value of customize-package-emacs-version-alist.
Packages distributed as part of Emacs that use the :package-version keyword must also update the customize-package-emacs-version-alist variable.
— Variable: customize-package-emacs-version-alist
This alist provides a mapping for the versions of Emacs that are associated with versions of a package listed in the :package-version keyword. Its elements are:
(package (pversion . eversion)...)
For each package, which is a symbol, there are one or more elements that contain a package version pversion with an associated Emacs version eversion. These versions are strings. For example, the MH-E package updates this alist with the following:
(add-to-list 'customize-package-emacs-version-alist
'(MH-E ("6.0" . "22.1") ("6.1" . "22.1") ("7.0" . "22.1")
("7.1" . "22.1") ("7.2" . "22.1") ("7.3" . "22.1")
("7.4" . "22.1") ("8.0" . "22.1")))
The value of package needs to be unique and it needs to match the package value appearing in the :package-version keyword. Since the user might see the value in an error message, a good choice is the official name of the package, such as MH-E or Gnus. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Jet Lag (Desynchronosis) – What are the Causes and How to prevent it ( 2022 Guide )
Reading Time: 6 minutes
What in the Wild Blue Yonder is ‘Desynchronosis’ Or Jet Lag ?
A much more common name for this little malady is ‘jet lag’, and it’s really a Thing!
Of course, if you’ve suffered from its effects, you already know that. Its onset typically coincides with the crossing of several time zones; the more the merrier, or so it seems.
So, if you’re taking a flight from New York or Los Angeles for the first time… be advised. You too will be afflicted with ‘time zone change syndrome’ (aka, jet lag).
Why does this happen?
No matter how sophisticated we become as a civilization, the bottom line is that we are still biological constructs, and as such, “matters of the flesh” have great priority and precedence in all our lives.
We are still ruled by the basic needs of mankind; the need for sustenance, shelter, procreation and rest; and they literally dominate our existence. No matter how technologically-advanced our mobile devices become, our bodies still demand fuel and still produce waste (Yep! I said it. Waste!)
To quote A Few Good Men, ”These are the facts, and they are irrefutable.” Exactly, Kevin, thanks for that.
Thus, our individual sleep patterns are ruled by “circadian rhythms”, which is a fancy way of describing how our bodies function over a 24-hour cycle. These rhythms are imprinted on us as a “biological clock”. Jet lag causes an imbalance in that biological clock, which has everything to do with traveling to different time zones.
So what is this imbalance to our biological clock?
Good question. It’s one of those phrases that’s thrown around often but much less fully understood.
The biological clock is comprised of a variety of fluctuations in bodily functions over a 24-hour period that are influenced by our exposure to sunlight, and help determine when we sleep and when we are awake.
Fluctuations include the rise and fall of body temperatures and plasma levels of certain hormones.
So apply all this newfound awareness of our biological clock (or circadian rhythm) and blast it across four time zones in less than a day. Physically and intellectually we’ve made that transition to the new time zone. But our biological clocks are slow and resistant to change (just like my grandfather), leaving us to deal with the fact that our body still thinks it’s in New York City as opposed to Honolulu.
So when your mind is telling you to get to the beach and hang, your body is demanding a far different activity; and ‘demanding’ is an accurate term.
This dichotomy between the brain and the body stinks, especially when you’ve got a short window of vacation time; losing days of priceless beach time to the need to sleep is annoying, to say the least.
For those of us in America dealing with seasonal time shifts, the sluggishness we feel when we “fall back” just one hour(!) is directly attributed to desynchronosis. See? We don’t even have to be on a jet crashing through time zones to experience jet lag.
For most, this imbalance is pretty short-term in and of itself, without any preparation, although there are some cases of people who are severely affected by desynchronosis, often requiring several 24-hour periods to re-align their circadian rhythm. But for most of us, it’s an inconvenience (although I once offered myself up to about a billion hungry mosquitoes because of this malady).
But if you’ve got to be sharp and on your toes in the new time zone, it’s a very good idea to take a few simple steps to help nudge your circadian rhythms toward a wonderfully harmonious existence with your-Zen-self.
These simple steps are behavioral, which is good news. Changing behaviors—on a short-term basis, is not quite as easy as preparing for this pharmacologically, but much easier than having to deal with it after-the-fact. So without any further ado, let’s see how we can minimize the effects of desynchronosis all by our own sweet selves.
How to avoid Jet Lag
Choose your flight with your arrival in mind
Select a flight that allows for an early-evening arrival, and then do whatever you can to stay up until 10 pm local time. (If you absolutely have to sleep during the day, take a short nap in the early afternoon, but keep it to two hours, and set an alarm to make sure you don’t over sleep).
This is just a nice little way to allow your body and mind to recalibrate; it seems to be more effective and less time-consuming when one sleeps a bit.This one requires a little more forethought and planning. Anticipate the time change by getting up and going to bed earlier several days prior to an eastward trip, and later for westward trips.This is a cool little trick that doesn’t really impact your current existence, unless you’re the kind of person who keeps a strict schedule. Still, it’s worth it knowing that you’ll be sharp as nails at your destination. If traversing several time zones, adjust your rise and drop times in 30-minute increments. It’s remarkable how effective this little trick really is.
Adjust your time
Upon boarding the plan, change your time-keeping devices to the destination time zone.This is more psychological than anything else, and seriously, this might actually work for some. I’m not one of those fortunate few.
Avoid Certain Drinks
Avoid alcohol or caffeine at least three to four hours before bedtime.Both have an adverse effect on sustained sleep and this is true if one hasn’t drunken themselves into a stupor. That’s a sleep that takes a long time to recover. A drunken stupor also results in practically zero REM sleep (the true restful sleep the body and mind needs). So a glass of wine I fee4l is okay; a bottle is not. One shot of spirits might be toeing the line; depends on the individual’s tolerance. Your best bet is just to avoid booze for several hours prior to your arrival and subsequent bed-time.The point about caffeine should be self-explanatory. But it also applies to caffeinated supplements.
Avoid heavy exercise close to bedtime
Light exercise earlier in the day is okay.This seems like a no-brainer to me, and as a long-time exercise fanatic, I already know to avoid this well before bedtime. But the theory applies to exertion, not just exercise. For example, if you’re traveling to Lass Vegas from Pittsburgh, it’s probably not a good idea to drag 14 steamer trunks packed with books along with you, especially if you’re a penny-pincher (like me) and refuse to hire bellhops to schlepp your heavy luggage. Even dragging all that from the baggage claim of the airport to the car-rental area of many airports qualifies as exertion (to the nth degree!)The other point I wanted to make about this step is that when travelling on loooonnnnngggg flights (like from New York City to Tokyo), the body absolutely must be up and about at least once an hour. I tend to drop and knock out a bunch of pushups and hand-stands after a few minutes of light standing hops on my toes. I do this hourly. It keep my ankles thin. Do what works for you!
Bring earplugs and a blindfold
This will help dampen noise and block out unwanted light while trying to get some shuteye.This is another no-brainer, especially when the obnoxious kid in the seat in front of you is repetitively singing a SpongeBob song while flashing a laser-pointer at your forehead.
Try to get outside in the sunlight whenever possible.
Daylight is a powerful stimulant for regulating the biological clock.Staying indoors worsens jet lag.Combine this with an earlier step about grabbing a two-hour power nap. If you can, do it outside, unless your destination is rife with mosquitoes. Then, either go someplace else of slather up with insect-repellent and heavy-duty sunblock.
Conclusion
There is a wives tale about certain types of foods being more conducive to the onset of desynchronosis.This really is not true, no more so than any other time. So if a chili-cheese dog is going to bite you, at least the bite won’t contribute to jet lag.
Something else to keep in mind when considering jet lag is stress, or the potential for stress. Stress can lead to sleeplessness that’s exacerbated when combined with jet lag, and it’s definitely something to keep in mind when preparing for your cross-time zone adventure.
There are two kinds of stress that typically come into play; “First Night Effect” and “On-Call Effect”.
The first Night Effect is caused when trying to sleep in a new or unfamiliar environment. Chances are pretty good that even if one does get to sleep in such conditions, achieving REM sleep—at least on the first night, is not very likely.
On-Call Effect is caused by a nagging concern that something is going to burst your sweet bubble of sleep; like a jangling phone call; an alarm of some sort (think hotel fire alarms); hotel hallway noises or some other kind of disruption.
So do a little preparation so you can sleep like a local at your new destination.
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[Python-3000] pickle compatibility between 2.x and 3.0
Guido van Rossum guido at python.org
Thu Nov 1 15:18:32 CET 2007
It's time to start thinking about pickle compatibility between 2.x and
3.0. The main problem is the 2.x str type -- it doesn't have a true
equivalent in 3.0.
When 3.0 encounters a 'str' object in a pickle written by 2.x, it has
two choices: trying to convert it to a 3.0 (unicode) str object by
applying some encoding, or interpreting it as a 3.0 bytes object. The
latter would be trivial, but likely wrong, as the 2.x program that
wrote the pickle would likely have meant it to be a text string
(although there are certainly cases where binary data gets pickled as
well, in which case bytes is of course the correct translation). Since
in 3.0, bytes don't interact with text strings the way in 2.x str
interacts with unicode, receiving bytes is somewhat inconvenient for
the 3.0 program.
OTOH, applying an encoding gives us the painful choice of deciding
what encoding to use -- the input pickle doesn't give us any hints,
and as indicated we're not even sure that text was intended.
I could leave this all up to the 3.0 application, which would have to
"fix up" any bytes in the pickle it receives explicitly if it wants
to. Alternatively, I could add an encoding option to the pickle
loading APIs (and for full flexibility an errors option as well) so
that at least simple text-based applications might have a chance of
reading the data that they themselves wrote before they were ported to
3.0 with minimal changes (only the unpickling calls would have to be
modified).
Do people here think it's worth it? Think of any place where you
currently are using pickles. What would your 3.0 porting strategy
likely be? Would not having automatic decoding of pickled 8-bit
strings be a major burden?
--
--Guido van Rossum (home page: http://www.python.org/~guido/)
More information about the Python-3000 mailing list | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
When it comes to digital conversion, the example of a watch is commonly used. First, the time was understood by analyzing the position of needles, but now numbers have replaced them. One can see and know the exact time through a digital clock. The same is the case with document digitization.
Is there a need for Document Digitization?
OCR technology has been used for decades to convert papers into computer-readable digital documents, also known as soft documents. These documents have given countless benefits at enterprise or business scale. Before that businesses have to deal with numerous problems ranging from data processing to data security.
Data Processing
Data processing means applying queries to get the requisite results. The processing of data is done manually and automatically. Data sorting is like classifying student data by age. The data is converted into the desired form in this case.
Usually, data processing is done by computer through queries or commands. They are also used to save, delete, update and replicate data. Data processing creates a different and usable view of data that can be used more effectively. Normalization gives ease in the view of data, business can have precise data tables. It makes data more consistent and removes redundancies. All the problems and issues that are created during data input are solved in this step.
Data processing is only possible if the data is on a computer. It works on tables, rows, and columns by rearranging, moving, and changing their appearance. If the data is not digitized, it can’t be processed.
Data Security
Maintaining data security for hard documents takes more resources and manual efforts. It requires physical protection to make it secure. Hard documents are stored in rooms in the form of files. It needs safety against fire, water, and natural disasters also. Once the documents are damaged or burnt, the process can’t be reversed. Making a copy of a hard document is only possible by rewriting.
Sending Document
Letters, faxes, and sending emails are modes of communication. Sending a paper document can only be done by postal services or fax machines. It is a tedious process, letters may take one or more days to reach the right door. While fax machines can only send computer typed documents. Handwritten documents or signed paper can be sent using a fax machine. The fastest and most reliable way to send documents is by email. But they need the document to be in the soft form or an image of it.
AI-Powered OCR: Digitizing Paper Documents in Seconds
OCR is character recognition technology that is used to transform hard documents into digital forms. OCR technology translates manually typed characters into computer editable digital documents. It is used on printed papers and images too. Handwritten documents which raise the difficulty level of understanding and interpreting can also be automated through OCR. The range of data extraction for OCR has no borders, it can understand all types of writing styles. OCR technology can be utilized in cursive handwritten scripts and fonts. Being powered by AI, OCR is known as ICR (Intelligent Character Recognition)
Like other technologies, OCR is also powered by artificial intelligence now. The primary benefit of AI is self-learning. It means whenever a new script or style is experienced by OCR, it will increase the rigor level. But once it trains itself on this new data, there will be no difficulty the second time.
AI changes the ways of how optical character recognition extracts data. Now the OCR works on each word level, if there is any spelling mistake OCR will correct that. AI-powered OCR concentrates more on the particulars in the papers. It can also be employed for real-time data extraction. Like extracting data from books or newspapers by just placing an OCR application over it.
Concluding the Above
As AI is the future, its use by OCR can help in giving more accurate and precise results. The time of data extraction or digital conversion can be reduced. Because of AI, OCR can similarly be applied to unstructured data. Businesses can use OCR for business services to digitize bulks of paper documents.
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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 108 Part 1.djvu/144
108 STAT. 118 PUBLIC LAW 103-226—MAR. 30, 1994 (d) LIMITATION ON PAYMENTS.—The amount of total payments made under this section may not exceed $1,000,000. SEC. 8. SUBSEQUENT EMPLOYMENT AND REPAYMENT OF SEPARA- TION PAYMENT. (a) DEFENSE AGENCY SEPARATION PAY. — Section 5597 of title 5, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following: "(g)(1) An employee who receives separation pay under this section on the basis of a separation occurring on or after the date of the enactment of the Federal Workforce Restructuring Act of 1994 and accepts employment with the Government of the United States within 5 years after the date of the separation on which payment of the separation pay is based shall be reauired to repay the entire amount of the separation pay to the aefense agency that paid the separation pay. "(2) If the employment is with an Executive agency, the Director of the Office of Personnel Management may, at the request of the head of the agency, waive the repayment if the individual involved possesses unique abilities and is the only qualified applicant available for the position. "(3) If the employment is with an entity in the legislative branch, the head of the entity or the appointing official may waive the repayment if the individual involved possesses uniq[ue abilities and is the only qualified applicant available for the position. "(4) If the employment is with the judicial branch, the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts may waive the repayment if the individual involved possesses unique abilities and is the only qualified applicant available for the position.". (b) CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY SEPARATION PAYMENT.— Section 2(b) of the Central Intelligence Agency Voluntary Separation 50 USC 403-4 Pay Act (Public Law 103-36; 107 Stat. 104) is amended by adding at the end the following: "An employee who receives separation pay under this section on the basis of a separation occurring on or after the date of the enactment of the Federal Workforce Restructuring Act of 1994 and accepts employment with the Government of the United States within 5 years after the date of the separation on which payment of the separation pay is based shall be required to repay the entire amount of the separation pay to the Central Intelligence Agency. If the employment is with an Executive agency (as defined by section 105 of title 5, United States Code), the Director of the Office of Personnel Management may, at the request of the head of the agency, waive the repayment if the individual involved possesses unique abilities and is the only qualified applicant available for the position. If the employment is with an entity in the legislative branch, the head of the entity or the appointing official may waive the repayment if the individual involvea possesses unique abilities and is the only qualified applicant available for the position. If the employment is with the judicial branch, the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts may waive the repayment if the individual involved possesses unique abilities and is the only qualified applicant available for the position.". SEC. 9. STANDARDIZATION OF WITHDRAWAL OPTIONS FOR THRIFT SAVINGS PLAN PARTICIPANTS. (a) PARTICIPATION IN THE THRIFT SAVINGS PLAN. — Section 8351(b) of title 5, United States Code, is amended— note.
� | WIKI |
When Doctors Serve on Company Boards
Cancer centers are re-evaluating their relationships with health care companies, including when, if ever, doctors and researchers should serve on corporate boards. Here are some hospital executives and cancer researchers who sit on the boards of publicly traded companies, in dual roles that may raise questions about conflicts of interest. Company: Dr. Glimcher sits on the boards of the British drugmaker GlaxoSmithKline and Waters Corp., a laboratory equipment and software company. Outside Compensation: Dr. Glimcher joined the board of GlaxoSmithKline in September of 2017; she received $101,000 in total compensation from the company that year, plus compensation of $285,440 from Waters that year. Company: Dr. Gilliland serves on the board of LabCorp, a blood testing company. Outside Compensation: Dr. Gilliland received $269,948 in cash and stock from LabCorp in 2017. Company: Dr. Beckerle is on the board of the health care giant Johnson & Johnson and the Huntsman Corporation, a chemical manufacturer. Compensation: Johnson & Johnson paid Dr. Beckerle $324,893 in total compensation in 2017, and the Huntsman Corporation paid her $310,000. Company: Dr. Thompson resigned in October from the boards of the drug maker Merck and of Charles River Laboratories, which assists in early research. Outside Compensation: In 2017, Dr. Thompson received $300,000 in compensation from Merck. He received $285,050 in cash and company stock from Charles River in 2017. Company: President, chief executive and chief scientific officer at AngioGenex, a tiny, publicly traded biotech. Outside Compensation: He took no salary from AngioGenex in 2017, but he owns nearly 9 percent of the company in stock or stock options. Company: Member of the board of Novartis, the Swiss pharmaceutical company. Founder of several companies, including ORIC Pharmaceuticals, a private cancer start-up. (His salary at Memorial Sloan Kettering is paid by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.) Outside Compensation: Dr. Sawyers received total compensation in 2017 of about $360,000 from Novartis. SOURCE: COMPANY FILINGS; EQUILAR. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Source code for abipy.abio.variable
import string
import collections
import numpy as np
__all__ = [
'InputVariable',
]
_SPECIAL_DATASET_INDICES = (':', '+', '?')
_DATASET_INDICES = ''.join(list(string.digits) + list(_SPECIAL_DATASET_INDICES))
_INTERNAL_DATASET_INDICES = ('__s', '__i', '__a')
_SPECIAL_CONVERSION = zip(_INTERNAL_DATASET_INDICES, _SPECIAL_DATASET_INDICES)
_UNITS = {
'bohr': 1.0,
'angstrom': 1.8897261328856432,
'hartree': 1.0,
'Ha': 1.0,
'eV': 0.03674932539796232,
}
[docs]class InputVariable(object): """ An Abinit input variable. """ def __init__(self, name, value, units='', valperline=3): self._name = name self.value = value self._units = units # Maximum number of values per line. self.valperline = valperline if name in ['bdgw']: self.valperline = 2 if (is_iter(self.value) and isinstance(self.value[-1], str) and self.value[-1] in _UNITS): self.value = list(self.value) self._units = self.value.pop(-1)
[docs] def get_value(self): """Return the value.""" if self.units: return list(self.value) + [self.units] else: return self.value
@property def name(self): return self._name @property def basename(self): """Return the name trimmed of any dataset index.""" basename = self.name return basename.rstrip(_DATASET_INDICES) @property def dataset(self): """Return the dataset index in string form.""" return self.name.split(self.basename)[-1] @property def units(self): """Return the units.""" return self._units def __str__(self): """Declaration of the variable in the input file.""" value = self.value if value is None or not str(value): return '' var = self.name line = ' ' + var # By default, do not impose a number of decimal points floatdecimal = 0 # For some inputs, enforce number of decimal points... if any(inp in var for inp in ('xred', 'xcart', 'rprim', 'qpt', 'kpt')): floatdecimal = 16 # ...but not for those if any(inp in var for inp in ('ngkpt', 'kptrlatt', 'ngqpt', 'ng2qpt')): floatdecimal = 0 if isinstance(value, np.ndarray): n = 1 for i in np.shape(value): n *= i value = np.reshape(value, n) value = list(value) # values in lists if isinstance(value, (list, tuple)): # Reshape a list of lists into a single list if all(isinstance(v, (list, tuple)) for v in value): line += self.format_list2d(value, floatdecimal) else: line += self.format_list(value, floatdecimal) # scalar values else: line += ' ' + str(value) # Add units if self.units: line += ' ' + self.units return line
[docs] def format_scalar(self, val, floatdecimal=0): """ Format a single numerical value into a string with the appropriate number of decimal. """ sval = str(val) if sval.lstrip('-').lstrip('+').isdigit() and floatdecimal == 0: return sval try: fval = float(val) except Exception: return sval if fval == 0 or (abs(fval) > 1e-3 and abs(fval) < 1e4): form = 'f' addlen = 5 else: form = 'e' addlen = 8 ndec = max(len(str(fval-int(fval)))-2, floatdecimal) ndec = min(ndec, 10) sval = '{v:>{l}.{p}{f}}'.format(v=fval, l=ndec+addlen, p=ndec, f=form) sval = sval.replace('e', 'd') return sval
[docs] def format_list2d(self, values, floatdecimal=0): """Format a list of lists.""" lvals = flatten(values) # Determine the representation if all(isinstance(v, int) for v in lvals): type_all = int else: try: for v in lvals: float(v) type_all = float except Exception: type_all = str # Determine the format width = max(len(str(s)) for s in lvals) if type_all == int: formatspec = '>{0}d'.format(width) elif type_all == str: formatspec = '>{0}'.format(width) else: # Number of decimal maxdec = max(len(str(f-int(f)))-2 for f in lvals) ndec = min(max(maxdec, floatdecimal), 10) if all(f == 0 or (abs(f) > 1e-3 and abs(f) < 1e4) for f in lvals): formatspec = '>{w}.{p}f'.format(w=ndec+5, p=ndec) else: formatspec = '>{w}.{p}e'.format(w=ndec+8, p=ndec) line = '\n' for L in values: for val in L: line += ' {v:{f}}'.format(v=val, f=formatspec) line += '\n' return line.rstrip('\n')
[docs] def format_list(self, values, floatdecimal=0): """ Format a list of values into a string. The result might be spread among several lines. """ line = '' # Format the line declaring the value for i, val in enumerate(values): line += ' ' + self.format_scalar(val, floatdecimal) if self.valperline is not None and (i+1) % self.valperline == 0: line += '\n' # Add a carriage return in case of several lines if '\n' in line.rstrip('\n'): line = '\n' + line return line.rstrip('\n')
def is_iter(obj): """Return True if the argument is list-like.""" return hasattr(obj, '__iter__') def flatten(iterable): """Make an iterable flat, i.e. a 1d iterable object.""" iterator = iter(iterable) array, stack = collections.deque(), collections.deque() while True: try: value = next(iterator) except StopIteration: if not stack: return tuple(array) iterator = stack.pop() else: if not isinstance(value, str) \ and isinstance(value, collections.abc.Iterable): stack.append(iterator) iterator = iter(value) else: array.append(value) | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
How to Survive the Night Shift
How to Survive the Night Shift
You are either a night owl or not, so they say. However, health care is a profession that involves 24-hour care, and values shift workers. Sometimes in this industry, you end up working overnight whether you want to or not. Learning how to adapt to working overnight will likely be the hardest part. When your body wants to be sleeping, patients still need to be cared for and deserve the best care possible.
Pros of Working the Night Shift in Health Care
Some of the benefits of working night shifts are that the hospital is generally quieter and less busy, so there’s time to catch up on things that didn’t get done during the day. Family and visitors are generally out of the hospital by the time nurses are arriving to work, so they usually don’t have that added dynamic to deal with.
Night nurses also tend to be more autonomous in the way that they work making them excellent leaders. Night nurses also benefit from shift differentials, which is extra compensation for working a traditionally undesirable schedule. Health care professionals’ pay is 20% higher on average, according to studies done by National Nurses United.
Cons of Working the Night Shift in Health Care
The typical night shift for full-time nurses is from 7 p.m. to 7 a.m., but some shifts begin as late as 11 p.m. For those working nights, it can be stressful to maintain relationships with your friends and family, as you now need to spend some time sleeping during the day to make up for hours lost while you were at work.
You’ll likely have to make adjustments to your personal life responsibilities to get chores done or errands run. Scheduling things like appointments and childcare while you sleep need to be discussed before you start on the night shift.
Advice for Getting Through the Night
Plenty of nurses work the night shift and love it so much, they have no plans of ever going back to days. Getting in the routine of working nights can be difficult, though. Here are some tips to get you through the night:
• Give your body some time to adjust to your new schedule. It can take a few weeks for you to really get the hang of working through the night. Stick to a schedule.
• The night shift can feel different and slower than the day because patients are sleeping, and regular staff and clinics are closed. Just be sure you know what to do and who to call when you need support.
• Make friends with your coworkers. Night shift nurses rely on each other so much, and having friends to go to work and see, can be so much more motivating.
• Take your breaks and even nap if your facility allows it. You need time to rest to be able to provide the best possible patient care and to remain alert and focused.
• Make sure you pack a healthy lunch and enough food to sustain you over your shift as the cafeteria will be closed. Avoid going to the vending machines for snacks and sodas that will leave you crashing after a few hours.
• When you feel tired, get moving! Do some exercise to get the blood flowing. You can walk to hallways, do some squats and lunges, anything to get the body moving and fight drowsiness.
What About Sleep?
Long working hours and night shifts have been linked to a number of health issues, according to the National Sleep Foundation. Sleep helps our bodies regulate hormones and reset; not getting enough could leave you at an increased risk for heart disease, metabolic disorders, obesity, and certain cancers.
Here are some helpful tips on how to make the most of your sleep:
• Make sure you have a cool, dark, and comfortable space to sleep. Keeping the room cooler will help you stay asleep longer. Darkness is also important so your body is not confused about the time difference. It may be helpful to invest in a sleep mask, blackout curtains, and even a fan.
• Make sure the environment is quiet. Some nurses use earplugs, while others prefer sound machines.
• When you arrive home after a night of work, avoid technology; put your phone away and don’t watch TV.
• Avoid caffeine after a certain hour of the night. One nurse we interviewed stated she won’t drink caffeine past four in the morning, otherwise falling asleep is too difficult.
• Avoid alcohol before attempting to sleep. Don’t meet coworkers for drinks after your shift, as alcohol disrupts your natural sleep cycle.
• Set aside a proper amount of time for sleep and let your friends and family know they shouldn’t be bothering you during that time frame. Also, set your phone to “do not disturb” or leave it outside of your bedroom altogether.
Many nurses who work overnight really enjoy it, and actually prefer it to the daytime work. They enjoy the slower pace and the comradery of fellow night-shift employees. Keep in mind that as much as you feel alert while you’re at work, part of the job involves having a plan in place to get home safely. If you can get a ride or carpool with another nurse, you could help each other stay awake by talking.
If you have to drive alone, stay hydrated, and drink cold water on the way home. Other tactics can include calling someone over hands-free Bluetooth, or listening to the radio turned up loud. In any case, if you feel yourself getting too fatigued to drive, it’s best to pull over, park safely, and get some rest.
If you are interested in picking up some night (or day) shifts in your area, sign up with Clipboard Health | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
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Roger Wolcott Sperry
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Roger Sperry
Roger Wolcott Sperry.jpg
Born
Roger Wolcott Sperry
August 20, 1913 (2009-08-20)
DiedApril 17, 1994 (1994-04-18) (aged 80)
Alma mater
Known for
AwardsNobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1981)
Scientific career
FieldsNeuropsychology
ThesisFunctional results of crossing nerves and transposing muscles in the fore and hind limbs of the rat (1941)
Doctoral advisorPaul A. Weiss
Websiterogersperry.org
Roger Wolcott Sperry (August 20, 1913 – April 17, 1994) was an American neurobiologist and Nobel Prize winner.
He shared the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel. In 1989, Sperry also received the National Medal of Science.
Before Sperry's experiments, some research evidence seemed to indicate that areas of the cerebral cortex were largely interchangeable. In his early experiments, Sperry showed that the opposite was true: after early development, circuits of the brain are largely hardwired. That is, they are set with a particular function.
Sperry's work was on 'split-brain' research. In his Nobel-winning work, Sperry tested ten patients who had undergone an operation developed in 1940 by William Van Wagenen, a neurosurgeon in Rochester, NY.[1]
The surgery, designed to treat epileptics with grand mal seizures, severed (cut) the corpus callosum, the area of the brain used to transfer signals between the right and left hemispheres.
Sperry and his colleagues tested these patients with tasks that were known to be dependent on specific hemispheres of the brain and demonstrated that the two halves of the brain may each contain consciousness. In his words, each hemisphere is
indeed a conscious system in its own right, perceiving, thinking, remembering, reasoning, willing, and emoting, all at a characteristically human level, and . . . both the left and the right hemisphere may be conscious simultaneously in different, even in mutually conflicting, mental experiences that run along in parallel
— Roger Wolcott Sperry, 1974
This research contributed greatly to understanding how each cerebral hemisphere works.
Some activities, such as naming objects or putting blocks together in a particular way, can only be done when using one side of the brain or the other. It seems the left hemisphere usually specializes in language processes and the right is dominant in visual-construction tasks.
References[change | change source]
1. Gazzangiga M.F. 2008. Human: the science behind what makes us unique. HarperCollins, N.Y. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Bhāskara II
Bhāskara II ('; c. 1114–1185), also known as Bhāskarāchārya''' (lit. 'Bhāskara the teacher'), was an Indian polymath, mathematician, astronomer and engineer. From verses in his main work, Siddhāṁta Śiromaṇī, it can be inferred that he was born in 1114 in Vijjadavida (Vijjalavida) and living in the Satpuda mountain ranges of Western Ghats, believed to be the town of Patana in Chalisgaon, located in present-day Khandesh region of Maharashtra by scholars. In a temple in Maharashtra, an inscription supposedly created by his grandson Changadeva, lists Bhaskaracharya's ancestral lineage for several generations before him as well as two generations after him. Henry Colebrooke who was the first European to translate (1817) Bhaskaracharya II's mathematical classics refers to the family as Maharashtrian Brahmins residing on the banks of the Godavari.
Born in a Hindu Deshastha Brahmin family of scholars, mathematicians and astronomers, Bhaskara II was the leader of a cosmic observatory at Ujjain, the main mathematical centre of ancient India. Bhāskara and his works represent a significant contribution to mathematical and astronomical knowledge in the 12th century. He has been called the greatest mathematician of medieval India. His main work Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi, (Sanskrit for "Crown of Treatises") is divided into four parts called Līlāvatī, Bījagaṇita, Grahagaṇita and Golādhyāya, which are also sometimes considered four independent works. These four sections deal with arithmetic, algebra, mathematics of the planets, and spheres respectively. He also wrote another treatise named Karaṇā Kautūhala.
Date, place and family
Bhāskara gives his date of birth, and date of composition of his major work, in a verse in the Āryā metre:
This reveals that he was born in 1036 of the Shaka era (1114 CE), and that he composed the Siddhānta Shiromani when he was 36 years old. Siddhānta Shiromani was completed during 1150 CE. He also wrote another work called the Karaṇa-kutūhala when he was 69 (in 1183). His works show the influence of Brahmagupta, Śrīdhara, Mahāvīra, Padmanābha and other predecessors. Bhaskara lived in Patnadevi located near Patan (Chalisgaon) in the vicinity of Sahyadri.
He was born in a Deśastha Rigvedi Brahmin family near Vijjadavida (Vijjalavida). Munishvara (17th century), a commentator on Siddhānta Shiromani of Bhaskara has given the information about the location of Vijjadavida in his work Marīci Tīkā as follows: "सह्यकुलपर्वतान्तर्गत भूप्रदेशे महाराष्ट्रदेशान्तर्गतविदर्भपरपर्यायविराटदेशादपि निकटे गोदावर्यां नातिदूरे पंचक्रोशान्तरे विज्जलविडम्।"
This description locates Vijjalavida in Maharashtra, near the Vidarbha region and close to the banks of Godavari river. However scholars differ about the exact location. Many scholars have placed the place near Patan in Chalisgaon Taluka of Jalgaon district whereas a section of scholars identified it with the modern day Beed city. Some sources identified Vijjalavida as Bijapur or Bidar in Karnataka. Identification of Vijjalavida with Basar in Telangana has also been suggested.
Bhāskara is said to have been the head of an astronomical observatory at Ujjain, the leading mathematical centre of medieval India. History records his great-great-great-grandfather holding a hereditary post as a court scholar, as did his son and other descendants. His father Maheśvara (Maheśvaropādhyāya ) was a mathematician, astronomer and astrologer, who taught him mathematics, which he later passed on to his son Lokasamudra. Lokasamudra's son helped to set up a school in 1207 for the study of Bhāskara's writings. He died in 1185 CE.
Līlāvatī
The first section Līlāvatī (also known as pāṭīgaṇita or aṅkagaṇita), named after his daughter, consists of 277 verses. It covers calculations, progressions, measurement, permutations, and other topics.
Bijaganita
The second section Bījagaṇita(Algebra) has 213 verses. It discusses zero, infinity, positive and negative numbers, and indeterminate equations including (the now called) Pell's equation, solving it using a kuṭṭaka method. In particular, he also solved the $$61x^2 + 1 = y^2$$ case that was to elude Fermat and his European contemporaries centuries later
Grahaganita
In the third section Grahagaṇita, while treating the motion of planets, he considered their instantaneous speeds. He arrived at the approximation: It consists of 451 verses
* $$\sin y' - \sin y \approx (y' - y) \cos y$$ for.
* $$y'$$ close to $$y$$, or in modern notation:
* $$ \frac{d}{dy} \sin y = \cos y $$.
In his words: ""
This result had also been observed earlier by Muñjalācārya (or Mañjulācārya) mānasam, in the context of a table of sines.
Bhāskara also stated that at its highest point a planet's instantaneous speed is zero.
Mathematics
Some of Bhaskara's contributions to mathematics include the following:
* A proof of the Pythagorean theorem by calculating the same area in two different ways and then cancelling out terms to get a2 + b2 = c2.
* In Lilavati, solutions of quadratic, cubic and quartic indeterminate equations are explained.
* Solutions of indeterminate quadratic equations (of the type ax2 + b = y2).
* Integer solutions of linear and quadratic indeterminate equations (Kuṭṭaka). The rules he gives are (in effect) the same as those given by the Renaissance European mathematicians of the 17th century.
* A cyclic Chakravala method for solving indeterminate equations of the form ax2 + bx + c = y. The solution to this equation was traditionally attributed to William Brouncker in 1657, though his method was more difficult than the chakravala method.
* The first general method for finding the solutions of the problem x2 − ny2 = 1 (so-called "Pell's equation") was given by Bhaskara II.
* Solutions of Diophantine equations of the second order, such as 61x2 + 1 = y2. This very equation was posed as a problem in 1657 by the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat, but its solution was unknown in Europe until the time of Euler in the 18th century.
* Solved quadratic equations with more than one unknown, and found negative and irrational solutions.
* Preliminary concept of mathematical analysis.
* Preliminary concept of infinitesimal calculus, along with notable contributions towards integral calculus.
* preliminary ideas of differential calculus and differential coefficient.
* Stated Rolle's theorem, a special case of one of the most important theorems in analysis, the mean value theorem. Traces of the general mean value theorem are also found in his works.
* Calculated the derivatives of trigonometric functions and formulae. (See Calculus section below.)
* In Siddhanta-Śiromaṇi, Bhaskara developed spherical trigonometry along with a number of other trigonometric results. (See Trigonometry section below.)
Arithmetic
Bhaskara's arithmetic text Līlāvatī covers the topics of definitions, arithmetical terms, interest computation, arithmetical and geometrical progressions, plane geometry, solid geometry, the shadow of the gnomon, methods to solve indeterminate equations, and combinations.
Līlāvatī is divided into 13 chapters and covers many branches of mathematics, arithmetic, algebra, geometry, and a little trigonometry and measurement. More specifically the contents include:
* Definitions.
* Properties of zero (including division, and rules of operations with zero).
* Further extensive numerical work, including use of negative numbers and surds.
* Estimation of π.
* Arithmetical terms, methods of multiplication, and squaring.
* Inverse rule of three, and rules of 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11.
* Problems involving interest and interest computation.
* Indeterminate equations (Kuṭṭaka), integer solutions (first and second order). His contributions to this topic are particularly important, since the rules he gives are (in effect) the same as those given by the renaissance European mathematicians of the 17th century, yet his work was of the 12th century. Bhaskara's method of solving was an improvement of the methods found in the work of Aryabhata and subsequent mathematicians.
His work is outstanding for its systematisation, improved methods and the new topics that he introduced. Furthermore, the Lilavati contained excellent problems and it is thought that Bhaskara's intention may have been that a student of 'Lilavati' should concern himself with the mechanical application of the method.
Algebra
His Bījaganita ("Algebra") was a work in twelve chapters. It was the first text to recognize that a positive number has two square roots (a positive and negative square root). His work Bījaganita is effectively a treatise on algebra and contains the following topics:
* Positive and negative numbers.
* The 'unknown' (includes determining unknown quantities).
* Determining unknown quantities.
* Surds (includes evaluating surds and their square roots).
* Kuṭṭaka (for solving indeterminate equations and Diophantine equations).
* Simple equations (indeterminate of second, third and fourth degree).
* Simple equations with more than one unknown.
* Indeterminate quadratic equations (of the type ax2 + b = y2).
* Solutions of indeterminate equations of the second, third and fourth degree.
* Quadratic equations.
* Quadratic equations with more than one unknown.
* Operations with products of several unknowns.
Bhaskara derived a cyclic, chakravala method for solving indeterminate quadratic equations of the form ax2 + bx + c = y. Bhaskara's method for finding the solutions of the problem Nx2 + 1 = y2 (the so-called "Pell's equation") is of considerable importance.
Trigonometry
The Siddhānta Shiromani (written in 1150) demonstrates Bhaskara's knowledge of trigonometry, including the sine table and relationships between different trigonometric functions. He also developed spherical trigonometry, along with other interesting trigonometrical results. In particular Bhaskara seemed more interested in trigonometry for its own sake than his predecessors who saw it only as a tool for calculation. Among the many interesting results given by Bhaskara, results found in his works include computation of sines of angles of 18 and 36 degrees, and the now well known formulae for $$ \sin\left(a + b\right) $$ and $$ \sin\left(a - b\right) $$.
Calculus
His work, the Siddhānta Shiromani, is an astronomical treatise and contains many theories not found in earlier works. Preliminary concepts of infinitesimal calculus and mathematical analysis, along with a number of results in trigonometry, differential calculus and integral calculus that are found in the work are of particular interest.
Evidence suggests Bhaskara was acquainted with some ideas of differential calculus. Bhaskara also goes deeper into the 'differential calculus' and suggests the differential coefficient vanishes at an extremum value of the function, indicating knowledge of the concept of 'infinitesimals'.
* There is evidence of an early form of Rolle's theorem in his work. The modern formulation of Rolle's theorem states that if $$ f\left(a\right) = f\left(b\right) = 0 $$, then $$ f'\left(x\right) = 0 $$ for some $$x $$ with $$\ a < x < b $$.
* In this astronomical work he gave one procedure that looks like a precursor to infinitesimal methods. In terms that is if $$x \approx y$$ then $$\sin(y) - \sin(x) \approx (y - x)\cos(y)$$ that is a derivative of sine although he did not develop the notion on derivative.
* Bhaskara uses this result to work out the position angle of the ecliptic, a quantity required for accurately predicting the time of an eclipse.
* In computing the instantaneous motion of a planet, the time interval between successive positions of the planets was no greater than a truti, or a $1⁄33750$ of a second, and his measure of velocity was expressed in this infinitesimal unit of time.
* He was aware that when a variable attains the maximum value, its differential vanishes.
* He also showed that when a planet is at its farthest from the earth, or at its closest, the equation of the centre (measure of how far a planet is from the position in which it is predicted to be, by assuming it is to move uniformly) vanishes. He therefore concluded that for some intermediate position the differential of the equation of the centre is equal to zero. In this result, there are traces of the general mean value theorem, one of the most important theorems in analysis, which today is usually derived from Rolle's theorem. The mean value formula for inverse interpolation of the sine was later founded by Parameshvara in the 15th century in the Lilavati Bhasya, a commentary on Bhaskara's Lilavati.
Madhava (1340–1425) and the Kerala School mathematicians (including Parameshvara) from the 14th century to the 16th century expanded on Bhaskara's work and further advanced the development of calculus in India.
Astronomy
Using an astronomical model developed by Brahmagupta in the 7th century, Bhāskara accurately defined many astronomical quantities, including, for example, the length of the sidereal year, the time that is required for the Earth to orbit the Sun, as approximately 365.2588 days which is the same as in Suryasiddhanta. The modern accepted measurement is 365.25636 days, a difference of 3.5 minutes.
His mathematical astronomy text Siddhanta Shiromani is written in two parts: the first part on mathematical astronomy and the second part on the sphere.
The twelve chapters of the first part cover topics such as:
* Mean longitudes of the planets.
* True longitudes of the planets.
* The three problems of diurnal rotation. Diurnal motion refers to the apparent daily motion of stars around the Earth, or more precisely around the two celestial poles. It is caused by the Earth's rotation on its axis, so every star apparently moves on a circle that is called the diurnal circle.
* Syzygies.
* Lunar eclipses.
* Solar eclipses.
* Latitudes of the planets.
* Sunrise equation.
* The Moon's crescent.
* Conjunctions of the planets with each other.
* Conjunctions of the planets with the fixed stars.
* The paths of the Sun and Moon.
The second part contains thirteen chapters on the sphere. It covers topics such as:
* Praise of study of the sphere.
* Nature of the sphere.
* Cosmography and geography.
* Planetary mean motion.
* Eccentric epicyclic model of the planets.
* The armillary sphere.
* Spherical trigonometry.
* Ellipse calculations.
* First visibilities of the planets.
* Calculating the lunar crescent.
* Astronomical instruments.
* The seasons.
* Problems of astronomical calculations.
Engineering
The earliest reference to a perpetual motion machine date back to 1150, when Bhāskara II described a wheel that he claimed would run forever.
Bhāskara II invented a variety of instruments one of which is Yaṣṭi-yantra. This device could vary from a simple stick to V-shaped staffs designed specifically for determining angles with the help of a calibrated scale.
Legends
In his book Lilavati, he reasons: "In this quantity also which has zero as its divisor there is no change even when many quantities have entered into it or come out [of it], just as at the time of destruction and creation when throngs of creatures enter into and come out of [him, there is no change in] the infinite and unchanging [Vishnu]".
"Behold!"
It has been stated, by several authors, that Bhaskara II proved the Pythagorean theorem by drawing a diagram and providing the single word "Behold!". Sometimes Bhaskara's name is omitted and this is referred to as the Hindu proof, well known by schoolchildren.
However, as mathematics historian Kim Plofker points out, after presenting a worked-out example, Bhaskara II states the Pythagorean theorem: "Hence, for the sake of brevity, the square root of the sum of the squares of the arm and upright is the hypotenuse: thus it is demonstrated."
This is followed by: "And otherwise, when one has set down those parts of the figure there [merely] seeing [it is sufficient]."
Plofker suggests that this additional statement may be the ultimate source of the widespread "Behold!" legend.
Legacy
A number of institutes and colleges in India are named after him, including Bhaskaracharya Pratishthana in Pune, Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences in Delhi, Bhaskaracharya Institute For Space Applications and Geo-Informatics in Gandhinagar.
On 20 November 1981 the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) launched the Bhaskara II satellite honouring the mathematician and astronomer.
Invis Multimedia released Bhaskaracharya, an Indian documentary short on the mathematician in 2015. | WIKI |
Accessing Spring.NET From Global.asax.cs
Yesterday, I was working on a web application in which I wanted to use the EntityTranslatorService and EntityTranslator classes as can be found in the Smart Client Software Factory, simply because I like the concept behind these mappers. My application also needs to be testable. I am using Spring.NET’s Inversion Of Control + Dependency Injection mechanism.
I wanted the EntityTranslatorService to be a singleton, so I would only have to register the EntityTranslators once. I figured it should be possible to create a ConfigurationService class, with a RegisterTranslators method that would allow me to access the singleton instance of the EntityTranslatorService in order to register the different translators I would be using. And what better place to do this than the Application_Start EventHandler in the Global.asax.cs file of my web application? That way, the entity translators would only have to be set up once. I added the following piece of code to the Application_Start EventHandler:
IConfigurationService configurationService =
SpringContextRegistry.Context.Resolve<IConfigurationService>();
configurationService.RegisterEntityTranslators();
(SpringContextRegistry.Context.Resolve is just a helper method I created to be able to resolve objects based on the string representation of their type.)
Wrong!
As soon as I tried to run my application, I was presented with the following error message:
“WebSupportModule not initialized. Did you forget to add <add name=”Spring” type=”Spring.Context.Support.WebSupportModule, Spring.Web”/> to your web.config’s <httpModules>-section?”
Whoops… I should have realized that the application would not have been fully initialized by the time I made my Spring.NET call… The Spring.NET WebSupportModule wasn’t available yet.
It didn’t take me long to find the solution to the problem, though. I just needed to move my code and put it in the Init() method:
public override void Application_Init()
{
base.Init();
IConfigurationService configurationService =
SpringContextRegistry.Context.Resolve<IConfigurationService>();
configurationService.RegisterEntityTranslators();
}
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One Response to “Accessing Spring.NET From Global.asax.cs”
1. las Says:
Perfect! Just we were looking for. We need to make sure that when the session ended certain events were published using Application.PublishEvent(…) from Spring.Net to clean up cached information and other session related stuff.
Thanks for sharing
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Edward Lewis (filmmaker)
Edward Lewis was a photographer and filmmaker who documented prominent African Americans and their activities in his documentary film series. He worked as a photographer for the Daily News before becoming a filmmaker.
He made 12 documentary shorts for Million Dollar Productions in the Life in Harlem series in 1936.
Lewis made the film Colored America on Parade. Lewis also produced The Colored Champions of Sports.
Filmography
* Life in Harlem (1938), 12 part documentary series for Million Dollar Productions
* Colored Champions of Sports
* Colored America on Parade | WIKI |
User:Edpeterson919/ENES-100/Door Unlock-er
Week 1 Narrative
Researched different projects for the arduino; found this one with instructions. Website found on instructables (http://www.instructables.com/id/Secret-Knock-Detecting-Door-Lock/). Here is the associated /CDIO/ Page for that. | WIKI |
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