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You Make Me Feel...
"You Make Me Feel..." is a song by American synthpop band Cobra Starship with guest vocals by American pop singer Sabi. It was the first single released from their fourth studio album, Night Shades. The song was released digitally through iTunes on May 10, 2011. The song is a dance-pop, electropop song and it talks about looking for a soul mate in the club. It received mixed reviews from most music critics; some thought that the song was "catchy and happy" but at the same time criticized it for being too "faceless and empty." Commercially, the song reached No. 1 in New Zealand and the top 10 in Australia, Canada, Hungary, Japan, and the United States.
Background
After the success of the single "Good Girls Go Bad", which was their most successful single on the charts, Cobra Starship began to record what would be their fourth studio album. "You Make Me Feel..." was released before the album finish and it served as the first single from the album entitled "Night Shades". It was released on May 10, 2011, and features American pop singer/rapper Sabi. The singer/actress turned rapper first came to many people's attention after Britney Spears gave her a spot on her track "(Drop Dead) Beautiful".
Composition
"You Make Me Feel" was written by Steve Mac and Ina Wroldsen and produced by Mac. The song finds Gabe Saporta singing of looking for his soul mate. "Obviously, some of my personal drama was about feeling alone, and feeling like I was searching the world for the right person". "And one of the things we want for this song and this record – even though it has personal stuff in it – is to be something everyone can relate to, and I think that the concept of people trying to find the right person is something that's universal."
The song is written in common time, maintaining a dance-beat tempo. It has a chord progression of Gm–Dm–B♭–E♭/B♭–F/C. The song is set in the key of B♭ major. Backed up by a simple beat and minimal synth arrangement, Saporta sings about finding the girl he has been missing: "Girl, I've been all over the world looking for you / I'm known for taking what I think I deserve, and you're overdue." Sabi, provides the chorus and the "la-la-la-la-la" melody that carries the song as Saporta sings "You make me feel so...," but never quite finishes the thought. According to Monica Herrera, a writer from Rolling Stone, the song has a riff that suggests Pink's "Raise Your Glass".
Critical reception
The song received mixed reviews from most contemporary music critics. Scott Shetler from "Pop Crush" gave the song 8 out of 10 stars, and wrote that the song "is more understated than some of the group's previous work, but it feels like a potential summer hit." Bill Lamb, writer of About.com, gave to the song 3 stars out of 5, praising the "catchy hook" and the "upbeat, happy melody", but criticized the track, calling it a "bland hit factory pop" and "faceless". He ended up the review, stating that "it's certainly catchy, but it is all rather bland and empty as well." The Idolator Staff agreed, writing that "On the one hand, it's a totally serviceable dance track, and Sabi's vocals are much stronger here than in her weak, cringe-inducing rap on "(Drop Dead) Beautiful", but on the other hand, we've heard this synth hook before from other artists and frankly, it sounds like Cobra Starship may be trying too hard to keep up with the Euro dance trend while totally abandoning their old sound." Monica Herrera wrote for Rolling Stone that "Saporta drops weak pickup lines, but guest diva Sabi calls herself 'the baddest baby in the atmosphere,' and is right."
A positive review came from Alternative Press editor Aubrey Welbers, who wrote that the "catchy, calculated hit is a bona fide jam for lonely partygoers looking for dance floor romance." In most of the reviews from the album, including the Allmusic and Entertainment Weekly reviews, the song was picked as one of the album's best tracks. Megan Rozell from Blogcritics gave the song a positive review, writing that the song "allows for sing-along lyrics, beautiful words from Sabi, and pop sounds that allow the listener to let loose and dance."
Chart performance
On July 4, 2011, the song debuted at No. 1 in New Zealand, becoming Cobra Starship's first chart-topper and second top-three single there, after "Good Girls Go Bad". The song also reached the top three in Australia, debuting at No. 31 on August 28 and climbing to No. 3 on October 2, staying on the chart for 21 weeks. In the United States, the song peaked at No. 7 on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming the band's highest-charting single alongside "Good Girls Go Bad" and their second top-10 single. It additionally peaking at No. 4 on Billboard's Mainstream Top 40 chart and No. 5 on its Hot Dance Airplay chart. The single has sold over 2,000,000 downloads in the US alone. In Canada, the song reached a peak of No. 4 on the Canadian Hot 100. In every aforementioned country, it went Platinum or multi-Platinum, receiving its highest certification in Australia and the US (3× Platinum).
In Europe, "You Make Me Feel..." debuted at No. 16 on the UK Singles Chart and No. 4 on the UK Dance Chart. It was slightly more popular in Scotland—peaking at No. 14 on the Scottish Singles Chart—and in Ireland, where it reached No. 12. In mainland Europe, the song reached the top 10 in Hungary, reaching No. 8, and charted within the top 20 in Belgium (Flanders and Wallonia), Finland, and France. It was a moderate chart hit in Denmark, the Netherlands, and Switzerland, reaching No. 40, No. 58, and No. 47, respectively. Elsewhere, the song charted at No. 21 in Brazil and No. 10 in Japan.
Music video
The music video premiered on June 28, 2011, on MTV. The video's main theme is a "magic photobooth" that once it takes someone's picture, it tells how said person is feeling. The video features celebrity cameos including actor Robin Williams and his daughter Zelda Williams.
Background
Saporta explained to MTV News the concept of the music video: "It's a song about a guy and a girl, and the concept is, at the beginning of the video, I find one of Sabi's photos, and she's feeling the same way that I'm feeling, which is incomplete without each other," he said. "We're sharing feelings, and that's what I realize, so I'm like, 'Wow, I want to find this girl.' So I look all over the world for her, and our world is the nightclub. The video is about the photo booth. It's just not any photo booth; it's a photo booth that tells you how you're really feeling. That's the main star of the video."
Synopsis
At the beginning of the music video, Gabe gets his picture taken in the photobooth, and when he is grabbing it, a picture of Sabi appears to be stuck in the slit. Both pictures' feelings read "Incomplete". Then Gabe makes his goal of the night to find the girl in the picture. While this is happening, Victoria Asher is seen dragging different people into the bathroom, these people including twins and a girl, hence her feeling being "kinky". Gabe goes around the club (his "world" girl I've been all over the world looking for you) trying to find Sabi and stumbling upon different people who embrace him in hugs or handshakes. Sabi is seen dancing around the club when her part of the song comes on. Nate Novarro instead of dancing, orders a burger through Vicky-T's iPad; his feeling being "munchy". During the video, all drinks get taken away from Ryland Blackinton, hence why on his picture he is feeling "thirsty". When Gabe finally finds Sabi, they give each other a look of sheer happiness, before they both enter the photobooth. The lights go off, and at the moment they go back on, Gabe and Sabi seem to be kissing. They take a new picture together, and it reads "Complete", thus ending the video.
The music video also includes cameos by lookalike DJs Andrew and Andrew, Brooklyn hip-hop duo Ninjasonik, photographer Nicky Digital, MTV News correspondent James Montgomery, Elle Magazine creative director Joe Zee, JustJared.com's own Jared Eng, Jersey Shore's The Situation, singer Wynter Gordon, actress Zelda Williams and her late father, comedian and actor Robin Williams.
Promotional use
This song was used in the promotion for America's Next Top Model: All Stars. It was also used in various advertisements for the 13th season of Big Brother, as well as recently featured on the episode "Over Exposed" (season 1, episode 5) in The Lying Game, and on the Style Network's Glam Fairy. The song was also used as Channel 9's promotional advertisement for 2012. It is also on the soundtrack of the 2012 film American Reunion. It was featured in the episode "Bride and Prejudice" (season 4, episode 21) of 90210. The song has recently been revealed to be on the on-disk soundtrack for the game Dance Central 3 and DLC on another dance game Just Dance 4, it formerly was a Cheetos exclusive for the latter.
Live performances
On August 28, 2011, Cobra Starship performed "You Make Me Feel..." on the MTV Video Music Awards Pre-show with Sabi. Then on September 14, 2011, they performed "You Make Me Feel..." with Sabi and Team iLuminate on the America's Got Talent finale. In November they went on Conan and performed "You Make Me Feel..." with Sabi. | WIKI |
Page:An American Girl in India.djvu/115
married some day and regret it afterwards. But I've survived quite a lot of earnestness already, so I suppose I am not really as weak as I sometimes feel. 'No,' I said sternly, 'certainly not. I absolutely refuse to countenance such a disgraceful marriage as that by being present.' But the Major was a man who refused to take 'no' for an answer. He's the kind that will propose six times if necessary, but will get there in the end. 'Boy will be disappointed if you don't go,' he said, 'and it isn't as if your not going would do any good. If it would, I shouldn't ask you to go.'
'That's true enough,' I murmured, feeling that I was suddenly giving way to a man's logic. If my husband, when I get one, proves logical, then I'll find myself taking a back seat straight away. But you don't catch me marrying a logician if I can get anything else. But just as I had said 'that's true enough' with a giving-way sort of feeling, I caught sight of Boy and that dreadful woman driving up to the hotel, and for the moment I was saved.
'If you don't stop that marriage taking place,' I said, laying my hand impressively on the Major's arm as I hurriedly turned to go, 'I—I'll never speak to you again.' Then I fled into the hotel. I remember it struck me afterwards that it wasn't much of a threat to make to a man with a wife and three grown-up | WIKI |
Page:Clermont - Roche (1798, volume 1).djvu/28
Eagerly she listened for some sound from the valley, that might inspire this hope, but in vain; by the silence which reigned over it, interrupted only by the barking of cottage dogs, as if they bayed the moon, she was at length convinced that care and industry had already retired to repose.
he late hour to which her father prolonged his nocturnal rambles, and the timidity of their servant, gave her little reason to hope deliverance through their means: scarcely suffering herself to breathe, she continued a long time in a state of greater agony than she had ever before experienced. At last she heard a step; but her almost fainting spirits were soon recalled by a conviction that it was not approaching her; and in the next minute she caught a glimpse of a figure (the same she was sure she had seen in the chamber) descending a winding path near the balcony. Her strength and courage immediately returned, and with a quickness that scarcely permitted her to | WIKI |
Aston Magna
Aston Magna is a hamlet located off Fosse Way in north Gloucestershire, England, between Moreton-in-Marsh and Shipston-on-Stour. It forms part of the civil parish of Blockley and the Church of England parish of Blockley with Aston Magna in the diocese of Gloucester. Aston Magna church itself is closed and now forms a private house. | WIKI |
Fannie Mae Loses Bid to Dismiss Ex-Contractor’s Lawsuit
Fannie Mae lost its bid to dismiss a
lawsuit filed by a former contractor who alleges she was fired
and blocked from a Treasury Department job after complaining
about the company’s work on a program to modify home loans. U.S. District Judge Rosemary Collyer in Washington today
ordered Fannie Mae to turn over documents to help determine
whether the government-owned mortgage finance company was a
private employer or a federal entity when Caroline Herron claims
she was improperly fired and “blackballed.” “The outstanding issue that will govern this case and that
cannot be decided without a fact record is whether Fannie Mae
is, or was at the relevant time period, a ‘private’ actor or a
‘federal’ actor,” Collyer said in her ruling. Herron sued Fannie Mae and three current and former
executives last year, claiming they ruined her reputation in the
industry because she told Treasury officials that Fannie Mae
wasn’t pursuing loan-modification projects requested by the
department, such as the Making Home Affordable Program. Herron
seeks more than $1.2 million in damages. Herron is a former vice president at Fannie Mae who worked
at the company from August 2000 to November 2007. Fannie Mae
rehired her as a consultant in 2009 to work with Treasury on
federal government efforts to prevent mortgage foreclosures,
according to court papers. ‘Wasting Taxpayer Money’ Herron told Fannie Mae and Treasury officials that the
company “focused on maximizing incentive payments available to
Fannie Mae under various federal programs even if this meant
wasting taxpayer money and delaying the implementation of high
priority Treasury programs,” according to the complaint. Herron, who was fired in January 2010, alleges Washington-
based Fannie Mae intentionally interfered with a permanent job
offer she had from Treasury. Amy Bonitatibus , a spokeswoman for Fannie Mae, declined to
comment. In court papers, Herron claims Fannie Mae was able to
receive incentive payments of as much as 20 percent of
compensation levels based on enrollment and completed
modifications on a quarterly basis. Fannie Mae could receive an
incentive payment for each “trial modification” processed
before the end of 2009 regardless of whether the modification
became permanent, Herron claimed. Herron alleges Fannie Mae signed homeowners up for the
loan-modification program knowing that they were ineligible or
wouldn’t provide the required documentation. ‘Failed Attempt’ Fannie Mae has denied the allegations and twice sought to
have the case dismissed. The company said it conducted an
independent investigation into Herron’s allegations and found no
merit to them. Herron’s lawsuit is about her “failed attempt to leverage
a short-term engagement with Fannie Mae into long-term
employment with the U.S. Department of the Treasury,” Fannie
Mae said in court papers. “We look forward to conducting discovery into the federal
control of Fannie Mae’s governance and operations,” Herron’s
lawyer, Alan Kabat of Bernabei & Wachtel PLLC in Washington ,
said in an e-mail. The case is Herron v. Fannie Mae, 10-cv-00943, U.S.
District Court, District of Columbia (Washington). To contact the reporter on this story:
Tom Schoenberg in Washington at
tschoenberg@bloomberg.net . To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Michael Hytha at mhytha@bloomberg.net . | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Thermal engineers often use so called dry bulb and wet bulb temperatures as a measure of humidity in the air. Dry bulb temperature reflects what a dry thermometer measures. A wet thermometer measures a lower temperature due to evaporative cooling, unless the relative humidity is 100%.
The conversion between wet-bulb and dry-bulb temperatures is surprisingly non-trivial. Full details can be found in Chapter 6 of the ASHRAE Fundamentals handbook. (My notation differs slightly from ASHRAE's.)
To convert between the two, you need to know either the dry-bulb or the wet-bulb temperature, in addition to atmospheric pressure and relative humidity. In metric units, the calculation goes as follows. First, absolute temperature ($T$, in Kelvin) is related to the Celsius scale ($t$) as
$$T=t+273.15.$$
You can compute the saturation water pressure for a given absolute temperature:
$$\ln p_{\rm ws}(T)=\sum_{i=-1}^4C_iT^i + C_l\ln T,$$
where the coefficients have different values for $t<0~^\circ{\rm C}$ and $t>0~^\circ{\rm C}$ (i.e., below and above freezing). For the former,
\begin{align}
C_{-1}&=-5.800 220 6\times 10^3,\\
C_0&=1.391 499 3,\\
C_1&=-4.864 023 9\times 10^{-2},\\
C_2&=4.176 476 8\times 10^{-5},\\
C_3&=-1.445 209 3\times 10^{-8},\\
C_4&=0,\\
C_l&=6.545 967 3,
\end{align}
whereas for the latter (above freezing),
\begin{align}
C_{-1}&=-5.674 535 9\times 10^{-3},\\
C_0&=6.392 524 7,\\
C_1&=-9.677 843 0\times 10^{-3},\\
C_2&=6.221 570 1\times 10^{-7},\\
C_3&=2.074 782 5\times 10^{-9},\\
C_4&=-9.484 024 0\times 10^{-13},\\
C_l&=4.163 501 9.
\end{align}
From $p_{\rm ws}$ and the pressure $p$, the humidity ratio at saturation can be calculated:
$$W_s(T,p)=0.62198\frac{p_{\rm ws}(T)}{p-p_{\rm ws}(T)}.$$
Given a relative humidity $\phi$ at dry-bulb temperature $T_{\rm db}$, the water vapor pressure is given by
$$p_w(T_{\rm db},\phi)=\phi p_{\rm ws}(T_{\rm db}),$$
and if the pressure and water vapor pressure are known, the humidity ratio can be calculated as
$$W(T_{\rm db},p,\phi)=0.62198\frac{p_w(T_{\rm db},\phi)}{p-p_w(T_{\rm db},\phi)}.$$
Finally, the relationship between dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperature is given implicitly by the following equations. First, above freezing:
$$W(T_{\rm db},p,\phi)=\frac{(2501-2.326t_{\rm wb})W_s(T_{\rm wb},p)-1.006(t_{\rm db}-t_{\rm wb})}{2501+1.86t_{\rm db}-4.186t_{\rm wb}},$$
and below freezing:
$$W(T_{\rm db},p,\phi)=\frac{(2830-0.24t_{\rm wb})W_s(T_{\rm wb},p)-1.006(t_{\rm db}-t_{\rm wb})}{2830+1.86t_{\rm db}-2.1t_{\rm wb}}.$$
These equations can be solved numerically to obtain the desired temperature from the other value. There is no closed form solution. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Weiner to plead guilty in sexting probe
Former Rep. Anthony Weiner (D-N.Y.) is scheduled to enter a guilty plea Friday to a charge stemming from a federal investigation into his alleged exchange of sexually explicit messages with a teenage girl. Weiner is to appear in federal court in Manhattan late Friday morning to offer the plea, a spokesman for the law firm representing Weiner confirmed to POLITICO. Weiner resigned from Congress in 2011, after his denials of reports that he exchanged explicit messages online proved to be false. He ran unsuccessfully for mayor in New York in 2013. Last year, Weiner came under investigation by the FBI over sexually-explicit messages he allegedly exchanged with a 15-year-old girl. The probe had an unexpectedly outsized political impact, when FBI agents seized a laptop from Weiner and found messages on it deemed relevant to the investigation into Hillary Clinton's email use. That discovery prompted FBI Director James Comey to send a letter to Congress 11 days before last November's presidential election, pushing allegations about Clinton's email practices back into the news just as voters were getting ready to head to the polls. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Commonwealth Railways NDH class railcar
The NDH class railcars are a class of self propelled diesel-hydraulic railcars designed by Commonwealth Engineering and built by the Gloucester Railway Carriage & Wagon Company in England for the Commonwealth Railways, Australia in 1954. They were known as Gloucester railcars.
Commonwealth Railways placed an order for six NDH railcars with Commonwealth Engineering in 1952. The NDH railcar's design had evolved from the Queensland Railways 1800 class rail motor. Queensland Railways had designed the 1800 class and Commonwealth Engineering had built them at their plant at Granville NSW, starting in 1952. At that time Commonwealth Engineering was overwhelmed with orders for rolling stock from around Australia, so it arranged for the Gloucester Railway Carriage & Wagon Company, to subcontract the construction of the NDHs.
NDH1 and NDH2 were the first two of six NDH railcars to enter service on the narrow gauge Central Australia Railway. They commenced operation on 16 December 1954 and provided a passenger service between Port Augusta and Marree. When two more of the railcars arrived from England, NDH1 and NDH2 were transferred to the North Australia Railway. NDH1 and NDH2 arrived at Larrimah after being transported by road from Alice Springs, on the 11th of July 1955.
Due to the alteration in train services following the opening to Brachina of the new standard gauge Stirling North to Marree railway in 1956, NDH railcars were used for a time on the old narrow gauge Quorn to Hawker section but passenger numbers were low, so the NDH railcars were replaced with mixed trains.
With the completion of the standard gauge Marree line from Stirling North in 1957, Commonwealth Railways found that they no longer needed the narrow gauge NDH railcars. Also in 1962 NDH1 and NDH2 were transported back from Darwin to the Central Australia Railway as Commonwealth Railways had reverted to using mixed trains to provide the passenger service on the North Australia Railway.
After eight years in service, all six NDH railcars had become redundant for narrow gauge use.
Timetable
Central Australia Railway Jan. 1955. A NDH railcar would depart Port Augusta, 12.05am Mon. arriving Marree, 11.10am Mon. and one would also depart Port Augusta, 2.45pm Thur. arriving Marree, 1.50am Fri.
For the return, a NDH railcar would depart Marree, 7.45pm Tue. arriving Port Augusta, 6.58am Wed. and one would also depart Marree, 6.30pm Fri. arriving Port Augusta, 5.43am Sat. A distance of 231 mi in approximately 11 hours.
North Australia Railway Apr. 1958. A NDH railcar would depart Darwin, 7.30pm Sun. arriving Larrimah, 6.35am Mon.
For the return, a NDH railcar would depart Larrimah, 8.30pm Mon. arriving Darwin, 8.00am Tue. A distance of 311 mi in approximately 11 hours.
NDH railcars become passenger cars
NDH1 and NDH2 were converted to standard gauge first class sitting cars and renumbered ADH1 and ADH2 in 1963.
NDH3 and NDH4 had already been converted to standard gauge first class sitting cars, ADH3 and ADH4 in 1957 and were used on the new Stirling North to Marree line. NDH3 was converted back to narrow gauge and renumbered NBDH3 in 1963. In 1965 after, another short stint on standard gauge, NDH3 became NADH3 on narrow gauge. Both times on narrow gauge it was used as a first class sitting car on The Ghan, from Marree to Alice Springs, ceasing in 1971. NDH4 was converted back to narrow gauge and renumbered NBDH4 in 1961. It then was also used as a first class sitting car on The Ghan, from Marree to Alice Springs until 1963.
In 1972 ADH2 and ADH4 (NDH2 and NDH4) had their engines removed, 415V jumper cables fitted, painted red and silver and mounted on standard gauge Westwaggon bogies for use as staff accommodation on the Thermit Welding Train.
There was a reprieve for NDH5 and NDH6, remaining as self propelled railcars though, in 1957 NDH5 and NDH6 were converted to standard gauge and were renumbered DH5 and DH6. They were then used for a standard gauge school service between Stirling North and Port Augusta. In 1971 DH5 and DH6 were converted back to narrow gauge, their numbering reverted to NDH5 and NDH6 and were transported to the North Australia Railway for a further short lived railcar passenger service between Darwin and Larimah.. The North Australia Railway ceased operation in 1976.
In the 1970s NDH1 had tanks and a pump installed in the passenger compartment and was used as a standard gauge weed spraying car ADH1. All NDH railcars had been withdrawn from service by 1977.
Preservation
NDH1 renumbered as ADH1 on standard gauge was offered to the Mile End Railway Museum in 1983 but the car was never collected because it was in a very poor condition after being gutted for use as a weed spraying car. It is likely to have been scrapped in 1983.
NDH2, renumbered as ADH2 on standard gauge, was offered for sale by tender in 1979 at Whyalla and was sold to a private owner who relocated the car to Victoria. On its way to Victoria ADH2 was first stored at the BP siding at Port Pirie, then stored at Broken Hill railway station and finally stored at Albury railway station before being sent to Mittagong Engineering at Braemar, New South Wales, for a full bogie overhaul. From Braemar, ADH2 was moved to Koppers siding at South Dynon, where it was converted into a dining car and named "Duke of Gloucester".
For several years from 1987, ADH2 operated as a stationary restaurant, in the No 2 platform dock at Spencer St railway station. When construction started on the replacement of Spencer Street railway station, with the new Southern Cross railway station, ADH2 was relocated to South Dynon Locomotive Depot where it was stored. In 2013, ADH2 was transported by road to a depot near Ararat in Western Victoria, where it is now stored.
Shortly after NDH3 renumbered as NADH3 on narrow gauge (formally ADH3 and NBDH3) was withdrawn, it was sold to a former heritage park, Homestead Park in Port Augusta, where it was used to house a display of historic photographs. NADH3 was then purchased by the Pichi Richi Railway and moved to their workshops near Quorn railway station for restoration, on 22 September 2014.
NDH4 (NBDH4), renumbered ADH4 on standard gauge, was offered for sale by tender in 1979 at Whyalla but wasn't sold. It was sold in 1981 to a private owner and is used for accommodation on a property near Whyalla.
NDH5 and NDH6 on narrow gauge (formally DH5 and DH6) were offered for sale in Darwin, at an unknown date. A private owner purchased NDH5 and moved it to Knuckey Lagoon, Northern Territory for accommodation on a horse property.
NDH6 was sold to a restaurant in Darwin called "The Train on Gardiner Street" and in 2005 NDH6 was acquired by the Adelaide River Railway Heritage Precinct group and is now located at their museum, Stuart Highway, Adelaide River, Northern Territory. | WIKI |
U.S.-based money market funds post $33 bln inflows, largest of 2017 -Lipper
NEW YORK, Nov 30 (Reuters) - Investors poured $33 billion into U.S.-based money market funds during the week ended Nov. 29, the largest inflows of 2017, Lipper data showed on Thursday in a sign that investors might be sensing an end to the equity market’s marathon rally. U.S.-based taxable bond funds attracted $1.56 billion of inflows in the week ended Nov. 29, the group’s second consecutive week of inflows, Lipper said. (Reporting By Jennifer Ablan; Editing by Dan Grebler) | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Featured Poison
Physostigmine: From Ordeal Poison to Valuable Medicine
Physostigma venenosum by Franz Kohler (public domain, copyright expired)
Physostigma venenosum by Franz Kohler (public domain, copyright expired)
I find it cool when a poison has a literal killer history, yet finds use in hospitals around the world as a valuable medicine. That’s the story of physostigmine, an alkaloid found in Physostigma venenosum, the Calabar bean, and where we will start this tale.
The Calabar bean is no doubt named for the area in which it was first described, the Calabar region and river delta in what is now Nigeria. Its first description was by William Freeman Daniell, an English physician and botanist, in 1846. He described a bean being used as a poison in an ordeal. Simply, an ordeal is just a “test” to determine an individual’s guilt or innocence. The beans were crushed and soaked in water, and the prisoner made to drink the elexir. If he died, he was guilty. Justice served. If he vomited and lived, he was innocent and set free. No hard feelings, Bro. (1)
Sound harsh? It’s not as bad as colonial American ordeals. Then, suspected witches were bound with rope in a fetal position and tossed into a lake. If they sank and drowned, they were innocent. If they floated, they were hauled out of the water, then killed. Because everyone knows witches float. There is something similar involving fire, and where we get the expression “trial by fire.”
The source of the Calabar bean, Physostigma venenosum, is a climbing, perennial legume. It can reach heights of up to 50 feet, and puts out long seed pods holding 2 to 3 seeds. And it is theses seeds that hold the chemical used as the previously mentioned ordeal poison: physostigmine.
Physostigmine
Physostigmine
Now obviously physostigmine can not decide one’s guilt or innocence, we’ll leave that up to truth serum. But what it can do is act as a parasympathomimetic drug, or the easier-to-say cholinergic drug. Physostigmine works on the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) by inhibiting the enzyme cholinesterase, thus increasing acetylcholine. The PNS is the part of our nervous system that is responsible for the so-called “rest-and-digest” activities. There are many mnemonics to remember these activities, and the one I use is SLUD: Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, and Digestion.
So if one were to be poisoned by an anticholinergic drug, say scopolamine (how convenient that I’ve written about that before), they would be plagued by the symptoms one would suspect of a drug working against the PNS. Mild symptoms would be dry mouth, urinary retention, and inability to poo – just what you would expect of something working against SLUD – and more advanced symptoms would include confusion, agitation, and seizures (MDs would call it myoclonic jerking. Who comes up with that?). Need an antidote, and fast? Try a calabar bean! That might work at Hogwarts, because for some reason I always think of a calabar bean like a bezoar. If you have no idea what I’m talking about, please excuse my geekiness. Anyways, your ED doctor hopefully isn’t going to pull a magic bean out of his pocket, but he is likely to give you a dose of physostigmine.
And this is exactly what happened when a 15 year old girl ingested Jimson weed, Datura stramonium, a plant that contains the anticholinergic drugs atropine and scopolamine, and often used for its hallucinogenic effects. She presented to a Toronto ED with tachycardia, mydriasis (dilated pupils), and a generally “out of it” state. The common course of treatment, benzodiazepines, did not help, and it was at the suggestion of the local Poison Control Center that they tried physostigmine – with success of course (2).
So that’s recent times, but what about in ye olden days? Well, it was studied back then, too. The properties and physiological actions of the Calabar bean were studied in the 1860’s (3). And remember the part about physostigmine working on seizures? It worked on those back then, too. Only in these cases, they were used to treat tetanus – a condition caused by a bacterial neurotoxin and causes muscle spasms as well as “lockjaw.” We don’t worry so much about this now, as we get tetanus shots – well, probably not the antivaxers – but in the 1800’s it was a big deal. The spasms and seizures caused by tetanus could often be severe, and were successfully treated by extracts of Physostigma (4, 5). One doctor went so far to write (6):
“So many cases have been successfully treated within these few years by means of the Calabar bean, that I think it should be preferred in the treatment of this dangerous malady to any of those empirical remedies formerly recommended.”
That’s my kind of doctor: “Screw what y’all think works, I’ll just stick with my magic beans.” And perhaps things haven’t changed that much, or at least maybe they shouldn’t. Physostigmine is probably underused when patients present with anticholinergic syndromes. The “standard” (for seemingly everything) is to load them up with benzodiazepines, but outcomes may actually be better with physostigmine (7). Physostigmine is probably underutilized because doctors are not as familiar with it, but it should be investigated when presented with a patient with anticholinergic seizures that do not respond to benzodiazepines, and run the risk of being over-sedated (8). This is why having a good medical toxicologist on staff is important.
Dr. Percy Julian (artist unknown, fair use under United States copyright law via Wikimedia.)
Dr. Percy Julian (artist unknown, fair use under United States copyright law via Wikimedia.)
And I would be remiss if I, as a synthetic organic chemist turned toxicologist, did not mention that the first synthesis of physostigmine was accomplished by Dr. Percy Julian in 1935 (9). As an African-American attending school in the 1920′s Dr. Julian faced incredible odds and discrimination in his quest to earn his doctorate, which he finally earned in Vienna, Austria in 1931. But apart from his work with physostigmine, he is probably more well known for his work on steroids. I come from the Carl Djerassi chemistry tree, and Djerassi and Julian were “rivals” in the steroid game during the 40′s and 50′s. Dr. Julian’s body of work ranks him not only as an inspiration to scientists everywhere, but as a Titan.
So there you go, the description of the Calabar bean and its use as an ordeal poison all the way up to a life saving drug. Pretty cool stuff. But it’s not entirely unique, as there are poisonous histories behind many old and new medicines, and I’ll get to those in due time.
References:
1. Scheindlin, S. “Episodes in the Story of Physostigmine.” Molecular Interventions 10.1 (2010): 4-10.
2. Miguel MarceloGlatstein, Fatoumah Alabdulrazzaq, Facundo Garcia-Bournissen, and Dennis Scolnik. “Use of Physostigmine for Hallucinogenic Plant Poisoning in a Teenager: Case Report and Review of the Literature.” American Journal of Therapeutics 19 (2012): 384-388.
3. Fraser, T.R. “On the physiological action of the Calabar bean. ” Journal of Anatomy and Physiology 1.2 (1867): 323-332.
4. Black, D. C. “Notes of a Fatal Case of Tetanus Treated by the Calabar Bean.” BMJ 1.531 (1871): 220-21.
5. Hague, J. T. “Calabar Bean in Tetanus, with Cases.” BMJ 2.1087 (1881): 703-04.
6. Cunningham, J. “Case of Traumatic Tetanus Successfully Treated by Calabar Bean.” BMJ 1.692 (1874): 450.
7. Watkins JW, Schwarz EA, Arroyo-Plasencia AM. “The Use of Physostigmine by Toxicologists in Anticholinergic Toxicity” 2014 ACMT Annual Scientific Meeting Research Abstracts and Posters.
8. Hail, Stacey Lynn, Adebisi Obafemi, and Kurt C. Kleinschmidt. “Successful Management of Olanzapine-induced Anticholinergic Agitation and Delirium with a Continuous Intravenous Infusion of Physostigmine in a Pediatric Patient.” Clinical Toxicology51.3 (2013): 162-66.
9. Julian, Percy L., and Josef Pikl. “Studies in the Indole Series. III. On the Synthesis of Physostigmine.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 57.3 (1935): 539-44.
8 thoughts on “Physostigmine: From Ordeal Poison to Valuable Medicine
1. Pingback: Dr. William Murrell: What to Do in Cases of Poisoning | Nature's Poisons
2. Pingback: Strychnine: Last of the Romantic Poisons | Nature's Poisons
3. Pingback: Grayanotoxins: Of Rhododendrons and Mad Honey | Nature's Poisons
4. Pingback: Curare: From Paralyzed to Anesthetized | Nature's Poisons
5. Pingback: Brugmansia: Angel’s Trumpet or the Devil’s? | Nature's Poisons
6. Would scopoletin (the coumarin agent from Brunfelsia) also be considered somewhat of an antidote to an anticholinergic like scopolamine?
7. I learned in medical school that the *truth serum” result was due to the fact that an amylase sensitive coating was dissolved off the bean if held in the mouth, as a guilty person might do, so the physostigmine could be absorbed. An innocent person would swallow the bean immediately and it would pass unabsorbed.
8. Pingback: The Poison Chronicles: Calabar Bean – A Life-Saving Ordeal « Herbology Manchester
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Publications [#235149] of Weitao Yang
Journal Articles
1. Yang, W; Parr, RG, Hardness, softness, and the fukui function in the electronic theory of metals and catalysis., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 82 no. 20 (1985), pp. 6723-6726 .
Abstract:
The concepts of hardness eta = (2E/N2)nu and fukui function f(r) = [rho (r)/N]nu, which have recently been associated with the theory of chemical reactivity in molecules, are extended to the theory of metals. It is shown that at T = 0, 1/eta = g(epsilon F) and f(r) = g(epsilon F, r)/g(epsilon F), where g(epsilon F), and g(epsilon F, r) are the density of states and the local density of states, at the Fermi energy epsilon F. Softness S and local softness s(r) are defined as 1/eta and Sf(r), respectively, and it is shown that (formula; see text) where the averages are over a grand canonical ensemble. It is pointed out that the postulate that f(r) or g(epsilon F, r) determines site selectivity for metals in chemisorption and catalysis is synonymous with the recent argument by Falicov and Somorjai [Falicov, L. M. & Somorjai, G. A. (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82, 2207-2211] that such selectivity is determined by low-energy density fluctuations. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Executive Order 1391
Charles B. Bateman may be transferred from the navy-yard service to any classified mechanical position in the departments at Washington for which his experience of 14 years as a machinist qualifies him.
. ,
* August 2, 1911. | WIKI |
Page:Darby - Notes on the Book of Revelations, 1839.djvu/21
for the maintenance of the Church, and communicated “for the perfecting of the Saints, for the work of the ministry, for the edifying of the body: of Christ, till we all come,” &c. But it is a revelation given to Christ, and communicated when the Church had begun to decay, instead of growing; and had need, in its severed compartments, at very best to be reproved or encouraged, as so looked at apart—as these several candlesticks,—the Son of Man interfering as the high priest, but judicially—a revelation given (not the Spirit communicated) when all this darkness and (in principle) apostasy had come in. Each one of these seems another thing, and less immediate than the promise in John already referred to (xiv. 20), “In that day ye shall know that I am in my Father, and ye in me, and I in you.”
There is the Sonship of Christ with the Father, in respect of which the Holy Ghost dwells in us—the Spirit of adoption and union, the Comforter—and looks up and places us before the Father even as He the Son is.
There is Christ, the head of the body, the exalted man (the first-born among many brethren)—in which character He receives the promise of the Father, and imparts it, as power for testimony. | WIKI |
Can Airbus and Embraer Turn Things Around at the Paris Air Show?
After several years of red-hot sales following the Great Recession, commercial-jet orders have slowed dramatically since 2015. So far, 2017 is shaping up to be the worst year since at least 2010 for aircraft orders.
However, the Paris Air Show, the largest air show of the year, is coming up next week. Historically, aircraft manufacturers have saved up lots of order announcements for this show. This year, it's particularly urgent for Airbus (NASDAQOTH: EADSY) and Embraer (NYSE: ERJ) to bring in some significant orders.
Airbus hits a bump in the road
In recent years, Airbus has built up the largest order backlog in the history of the commercial-aircraft business. From 2011 to 2015, the company received an average of 1,258 net orders per year. However, orders have slowed to a crawl this year.
Through the first five months of 2017, Airbus booked just 73 net orders, and that may actually overstate its order activity, as Airbus has recently suffered some high-profile order deferrals that could eventually turn into cancellations. Most notably, American Airlines and Delta Air Lines both deferred their orders for the Airbus A350 this spring.
Airbus still has massive order backlogs for the A320 and A350 aircraft families, allowing it to weather an order slump easily. By contrast, Airbus was down to 125 orders for the current-generation A330 widebody by the end of May, representing less than two years of production. It also has 210 firm orders for the next-generation A330neo, but some of those orders aren't scheduled to be delivered for a decade. Unless Airbus gets more orders soon, it could have to reduce production as early as 2019.
The situation is even worse for Airbus' A380 jumbo jet. While Emirates still appears to be a fan of the A380, other airlines have lost all interest in Airbus' largest model. Airbus is already reducing its production, but it may have to end the program earlier than planned if it can't find some new customers for the A380.
The chances Airbus will land an A380 deal at the Paris Air Show next week are slim. Getting some A330 or A330neo orders might be more feasible -- and that should be Airbus' main goal for next week.
Embraer needs some orders soon
Embraer has a much smaller backlog than Airbus. Accordingly, it has an even greater need to bring in new orders next week. As of the end of March, the company had 157 firm orders for its current-generation E-Jets, of which more than half are scheduled for delivery by the end of 2017.
Embraer's next-generation jets are set to enter service beginning in early 2018. But while Embraer reports having 275 firm orders for its E2-series jets, 50 of those orders come from a bankrupt Indian airline that has ceased operations. Another 100 orders come from U.S. regional carrier SkyWest , which won't be able to use the new E175-E2s it has ordered unless the legacy carriers are able to renegotiate their pilot agreements, which may be a long shot.
Thus, the arrival of the E2 jets won't immediately solve Embraer's looming order gap. On the company's most recent earnings call, management acknowledged that Embraer will need to reduce its commercial-jet production next year if it doesn't get enough orders during 2017.
Year to date, Embraer has booked just one commercial-jet order: a four-aircraft deal with American Airlines. It's hoping for a much better result on a full-year basis, with good prospects in China -- and to a lesser extent, the U.S.
That said, Embraer has struggled thus far to convince airlines that it makes sense to right-size capacity on lower-traffic routes with smaller planes. If it can't close some major deals in time for the Paris Air Show, investors could reasonably start to worry about significant production cutbacks next year.
An important week
The Paris Air Show is always a big event, but it's particularly important this year, as the big aircraft manufacturers could really use a shot in the arm for several key aircraft programs. Airbus can take comfort in its large backlog, but it still needs more orders for the A330 and A380 families to avoid production cuts. Meanwhile, the recent order drought at Embraer means that it's absolutely critical for the company to finalize some deals next week.
Check back later this week for a look at what U.S. aerospace giant Boeing needs to achieve at the Paris Air Show. And next week, I'll be covering the latest news on order announcements during the air show.
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The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
New Health Advisor
What Are Involuntary Movements?
Dec 07, 2015
Involuntary movements refer to motions of the body that cannot be controlled and occur of its own volition. Such movement can occur anywhere on the body, e.g. any limb, neck, face, etc. In some cases this lasts for a short time and remedies itself, but sometimes it is persistent and gets worse with time. We are going to look at the different types, causes and ways to deal with it.
Types of Involuntary Movements
The term Involuntary Movements refers to a broad range of motions and these are divided into types as shown below.
1. Restless Leg Syndrome
This occurs when the body experiences an unpleasant sensation that urges movement in the legs, torso, head or arms. Movement of that part, walking, stretching or yoga can stop the sensation for a short while, but it can return later. The sensations that can be experienced are aching, tickling, crawling of the skin, poking of pins, slight pain or numbing of the part. This is generally noticed while relaxing, studying, attempting to sleep or reading.
2. Dystonia
This can be caused by unrelenting contractions of the muscle and can cause repeated motion, twisting of limbs or awkward postures. Symptoms indicating dystonia include dropping items, trouble swallowing, dropping items, muscle cramps, trouble in sitting comfortably, shaking in the diaphragm when inhaling, difficulty sleeping, tiredness, stress, uncontrollable shutting of eye lids and hyperventilation. Its treatment only offers symptomatic relief and includes stress control, relaxation, regular exercise and limited motion.
3. Myoclonus
Another type of involuntary movements in the muscles is myoclonus. Sudden jerks can be caused by rapid contracting of the muscle or unexpected lulls in contractions. Negative myoclonus refers to relaxations of muscles and conversely contractions are positive myoclonus. These spasms may or may not occur in a pattern or sequence. Sometimes they occur several times a minute, while at other times they are separated by large time gaps. Strong twitching can inhibit motion and restrict the ability to perform various daily functions.
4. Tics
Repeated and stuttering motions of separate groups of muscles are known as Tics. These are generally sudden and can be noticed in different parts of the body, such as motions in parts of the face, twitches of limbs, involuntary clapping, uncontrollable shrugs, blinking and motions of the mouth.
5. Tremors
Rhythmic relaxing and contracting of muscles which lead to forward and backward motion of some body parts are called tremors. Parts of the body that can be affected are the limbs, face, tongue, eyes, head and torso. These motions become accentuated when the person is undergoing stress or heavy emotion. It can also cause trembling when vocalizing and cause trouble doing physical work like drawing, writing or holding utensils.
6. Other Causes
• Unexpected and jumpy movements of the body that occur suddenly are indicative of chorea. It generally lasts only for a moment but can move to other parts of the body.
• Sustained involuntary movements, which occur in a single location like the fingers, toes, feet or hands, are known as athetosis.
• Hemiballismus can cause an entire limb to jerk and it may appear to an observer that the person is attempting to throw off the limb.
What Are the Causes of Involuntary Movements?
Such uncontrollable motions can occur due to various factors. Sometimes it is temporary and disappears over a short period, but in some cases it may be a permanent condition due to damage of the central nervous system, and it gets worse with time.
Both children and adults can be affected. In adults, a genetic disorder, impact of medicinal drugs, a stroke, tumors, brain injury or diseases of the nervous system could be the culprits. However in children it could be caused by reduced oxygen at birth, excess bilirubin in the nervous system or genetic disorders.
How to Deal With Involuntary Movements
If your involuntary movements bother you, you need take measures to alleviate that. Here are measures that might help:
1. Physical Therapy
Generally such movements can be controlled with physical exercises like stretching, walking, swimming or exercises that help with coordination, and these can help control progressing damage.
2. Support Group
It is important to develop a support group to help fight the psychological impact of such involuntary movements. Repeated instances of uncontrollable motions that relentlessly recur require medical attention. Authorized personnel will be able to provide an accurate diagnosis after studying the history of the patient, symptoms and results of any prescribed tests. While many cases of uncontrollable motion can be improved with a course of medicines, some cases improve on themselves. A doctor will be able to provide a wealth of information about the muscle and nervous systems of the body, and prescribe the treatment required.
3. Exercise to Relieve Involuntary Muscle Movement
At times these motions can be ignored and serve as merely irritants; however, in some cases they can seriously hamper one's lifestyle. In such cases, exercise can help. Here are some steps that can help stop these motions:
• Consult a doctor and get a professional opinion about the cause for such motion. Understanding the cause will help develop a more effective exercise regime.
• Forcing movement of the muscles in the affected region and strengthening them may stop the involuntary contractions. Sit-ups for muscles in the lower body, pushups for the upper body and walking on a twitching foot are some simple examples.
• Regular yoga will relax muscles which can loosen up the body and weaken involuntary movements of the muscles.
• Sometimes the nerves running through the joint closest to the affected part could be the culprit. It is possible that a knot in this joint is causing an adverse reaction. Pressing a rubber ball daily to work the nerves and attached muscles can help strengthen this joint. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Rongorongo text W
The fragmentary text W of the rongorongo corpus, also known as Honolulu tablet 4 or Honolulu 445, is one of two dozen surviving rongorongo texts.
Other names
W is the standard designation, from Barthel (1958). Fischer (1997) refers to it as RR14.
Location
Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu. Catalog #B.00445.
Description
A small corroded fragment, 6.7 × 2.3 × 0.7 cm, of unknown wood, not fluted.
Provenance
Lieutenant F. M. Symonds of the USS Mohican acquired this fragment in 1886 while surveying Easter Island. He does not appear to have reported it, and later that year gave it to a Mrs Walter M. Gifford (the Bishop Museum writes "Giffard") of Honolulu. The Gifford family donated it to the Bishop Museum in 1914 (Fischer 1997).
Text
Some fourteen "very small, chubby glyphs" are visible on the four lines of side a, of which only three are complete. Side b is unknown since the fragment is kept in a protective glass case, and evidently no one has ever investigated the reverse (Fischer 1997). | WIKI |
Inabakumori
Inabakumori (styled as inabakumori, Japanese: 稲葉曇; born February 25, 1995 ) is a Japanese musician, Vocaloid producer and songwriter. His most notable works are Lost Umbrella (ロストアンブレラ) in 2018 and Lagtrain (ラグトレイン) in 2020.
Career
Inabakumori's account began publishing music in 2016, debuting with the song Secret Music (秘密音楽) using Kaai Yuki. However, he claimed that MichouP (視長P), an account that began producing music in 2011, is his alias. His content surged in popularity some time after the release of Lost Umbrella (ロストアンブレラ) in 2018, when the song was used widely on TikTok. He published his first album ANTICYCLONE (アンチサイクロン) in 2019.
The videos accompanying early songs featured his own art of Kaai Yuki until the release of "Lost Umbrella", when he collaborated with illustrator Nukunukunigirimeshi, with art featuring his character Osage-chan.
Inabakumori was shown to have deep respect for Wowaka, with many of his songs being influenced by his works.
On October 6, 2023, inabakumori released the song Electricity Forecast (電気予報) during a crossover between The Pokémon Company and Crypton Future Media called "Project VOLTAGE".
ANTICYCLONE
ANTICYCLONE is inabakumori's first album, releasing on November 17, 2019 during THE VOC@LOiD M@STER 45.
WEATHER STATION
WEATHER STATION is inabakumori's second album, releasing on March 23, 2022.
Awards
His song "Relayouter" won first place in the TOP100 rankings at "The VOCALOID Collection ~2023 Summer~" (aka VocaColle), a ceremony hosted by online media site Niconico to celebrate Vocaloid music, held in August 2023. It also won first place in a Niconico VOCALOID TOP20 list from Billboard Japan. | WIKI |
Talk:Pakistan Carrom Federation
Contested deletion
This page should not be speedy deleted as an unambiguous copyright infringement, because... (I am editing the page as we speak, I saw other pages with content from their website. I will edit the content now.) --Rabtmedia (talk) 20:38, 16 November 2016 (UTC) | WIKI |
Frederick Stanley Gordon
Frederick Stanley Gordon, (29 October 1897 – 27 July 1985) was a New Zealand flying ace of the First World War. While serving in Britain's Royal Air Force, he scored nine aerial victories as a fighter pilot.
Early life
Frederick Stanley Gordon was born in New Zealand on 29 October 1897.
First World War
Gordon served in the Royal Air Force. By mid-1918, he was assigned to No. 74 Squadron as a fighter pilot. He began a nine victory winning streak on 2 August 1918 that was capped with his second ballon busting mission on 30 October. Gordon was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross on 3 June 1919, and the Belgian Croix de guerre on 15 July.
Post-war
Gordon died on 27 June 1985. | WIKI |
de1pher de1pher - 1 year ago 126
Javascript Question
R DT datatable - format text field and vertically align another field
I have a dataset with a text field which I would like to display using the function
datatable
from the package
DT
. I would also like to (1) format that text field so that the line breaks are displayed and emphasis is placed on certain chunks of text; and (2) vertically align the remaining fields so that their values are pushed to the top.
Consider the below example:
library(DT)
L <- 10
datatable(
data.frame(
var1 = sapply(1:L, function(x)
paste("<X>",paste0(x,
letters,
LETTERS,
"\n",
collapse=" "))),
var2 = round(rnorm(L),2)
)
)
Output
As you can see, the output ignores
\n
. I would also like to make
<X>
bold. I've tried using HTML tags such as
<br>
but nothing seems to work as the text inside
var1
is escaped. Unescaping it (which can be achieved via
datatable
options) is not a good idea as the (actual) text contains special characters. I would also like the values of
var2
to be pushed to the top.
Just in case it make a difference, I would like to use the outputs in a Shiny web-app.
Does anyone have any suggestions on how to achieve what I'm looking for?
Many thanks in advance.
Answer Source
To implement the line break in the DT cells you need to use <br/> instead of \n and escape(it will be read as HTML) the column with the escape argument.
To change the alignment of a value in a cell you can use the columnDefs argument within the options of datatable function. The problem is that you only can align horizontal.( left, right and center) With the rowCallback function I can manually set every value in the second column to top alignment. But this is not an ideal solution.
library(DT)
L <- 10
dataset <- data.frame(
var1 = sapply(1:L, function(x)
paste("<X>",paste0(x,
letters,
LETTERS,
"<br/>",
collapse=" "))),
var2 = round(rnorm(L),2)
)
datatable(dataset, escape = 1,
options = list(
columnDefs = list(list(className = 'dt-center', targets = 2)),
rowCallback=JS(paste0("function(row, dataset) {var value=dataset[2]; if (value!==null) $(this.api().cell(row,2).node()).css({'vertical-align': 'text-top'});}"))
)
) | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:Shashankagrawal96/sandbox
=Shashank Agrawal= My Name is Shashank Agrawal My Father Name is Ashok Agrawal My Mother Name is Anita Agarwal My Brother Name Prashant Agarwal My Sister Name Smita Agrawal | WIKI |
Machine Learning algorithms can be broadly categorized into the following four groups:
• Supervised Learning
• Unsupervised Learning
• Semisupervised Learning
• Reinforcement Learning
1.Supervised Learning
In Supervised Learning, the training data provided as input to the algorithm includes the final solutions, called labels or class because the algorithm learns by “looking” at the examples with correct answers. In other words, the algorithm has a supervisor or a teacher who provides it with all the answers first, like whether it’s a cat in the picture or not. And the machine uses these examples to learn one by one. The spam filter is another good example of this.
Another typical task, of a different type would be to predict a target numeric value like housing prices from a set of features like size, location, number of bedrooms. To train the system, we again need to provide many correct examples of known housing prices, including both their features and their labels.
While categorizing emails or identifying whether the picture is of a cat or a dog was a supervised learning algorithm of type classification, predicting housing prices is known as regression. What’s the difference?
In regression the output is a continuous value or a decimal number like housing prices. In classification, the output is a label like “spam or not-spam” and not a decimal number; the output only takes values like 0 or 1 where we could have 1 for “spam” and 0 for “non-spam”. Basically, the type of algorithm we choose (classification or regression) depends on the type of output we want.
Examples of Supervised Learning Algorithms:
• Linear Regression
• Logistic Regression
• Support Vector Machines
• Decision Trees and Random Forests
• k-Nearest Neighbors
• Neural networks
While the focus of this lesson is to learn about the broad categories, we will be diving deeper into each of these algorithms individually in the "Machine Learning Algorithms" lesson.
Get hands-on with 1200+ tech skills courses. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
From 53f179de25d60ffc4c149824aa55343a70b2089a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ralf Jung Date: Mon, 9 Jul 2018 12:44:35 +0200 Subject: [PATCH] shrink proof of timestamp_sub --- theories/heap_lang/lib/atomic_snapshot.v | 24 +++++++----------------- 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-) diff --git a/theories/heap_lang/lib/atomic_snapshot.v b/theories/heap_lang/lib/atomic_snapshot.v index f8575dcd..a70db180 100644 --- a/theories/heap_lang/lib/atomic_snapshot.v +++ b/theories/heap_lang/lib/atomic_snapshot.v @@ -217,29 +217,19 @@ Section atomic_snapshot. iMod (own_op with "Ht") as "[Ht● Ht◯]". iModIntro. iFrame. Qed. - Lemma fmap_undo {A B} (f : A -> B) (m : gmap Z A) k v : - f <$> m !! k = Some v -> - exists v', m !! k = Some v' /\ v = f v'. - Proof. - intros Hl. destruct (m !! k); inversion Hl. subst. eauto. - Qed. - Lemma timestamp_sub γ (T1 T2 : gmap Z val): own γ (● gmap_to_UR T1) ∗ own γ (◯ gmap_to_UR T2) -∗ ⌜forall t x, T2 !! t = Some x -> T1 !! t = Some x⌝. Proof. iIntros "[Hγ⚫ Hγ◯]". iDestruct (own_valid_2 with "Hγ⚫ Hγ◯") as - %[H Hv]%auth_valid_discrete_2. iPureIntro. intros t x Ht. - pose proof (iffLR (lookup_included (gmap_to_UR T2) (gmap_to_UR T1)) H t) as Hsub. - repeat rewrite lookup_fmap in Hsub. - rewrite Ht in Hsub. simpl in Hsub. - pose proof (mk_is_Some (Some (to_agree x)) _ eq_refl) as Hsome. - pose proof (is_Some_included _ _ Hsub Hsome) as Hsome'; clear Hsome. - destruct Hsome' as [c Heqx]. rewrite Heqx in Hsub. - apply (iffLR (Some_included_total _ _)) in Hsub. - destruct (fmap_undo to_agree _ _ _ Heqx) as [c' [Heq1 Heq2]]. subst. - apply to_agree_included in Hsub. apply leibniz_equiv in Hsub. subst. done. + %[H Hv]%auth_valid_discrete_2. iPureIntro. intros t x HT2. + pose proof (iffLR (lookup_included (gmap_to_UR T2) (gmap_to_UR T1)) H t) as Ht. + rewrite !lookup_fmap HT2 /= in Ht. + destruct (is_Some_included _ _ Ht) as [? [t2 [Ht2 ->]]%fmap_Some_1]; first by eauto. + revert Ht. + rewrite Ht2 Some_included_total to_agree_included. fold_leibniz. + by intros ->. Qed. Lemma writeY_spec e (y2: val) γ p : -- GitLab | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
The Evolution of Collagen IV and Basement Membrane Enabling Metazoan Multicellularity
Aaron Louis Fidler, Tennessee State University
Abstract
Multicellular life has independently evolved over twenty times from fungi to plants to animals, yet none were as successful and explosive as that of the animals. A myriad of environmental, ecological, and biological factors enabled this transition. However, the role of the cellular microenvironment in enabling metazoan tissue genesis and evolution remains obscure. A collagen IV scaffold, a major component of the cellular microenvironment, is essential for tissues and dysfunctional in several diseases. This scaffold is stabilized by sulfilimine chemical bonds (S=N), which covalently crosslink methionine and hydroxylysine residues at the interface of adjoining triple-helical protomers, and are formed by peroxidasin via the production of hypohalous acids. Here we characterized the extracellular matrix (ECM), with a focus on collagen IV, of the eight major bilaterian phyla in comparison to the four non-bilaterian animal phyla. Furthermore, we explored whether the sulfilimine crosslink is a fundamental requirement in the genesis and evolution of epithelial tissues by determining its occurrence and evolutionary origin, and its essentiality in early development. The results show that the crosslink is conserved throughout Bilateria and Cnidaria, and arose at the divergence of Porifera and Cnidaria over 500 million years ago. Morpholino knockdown of peroxidasin in zebrafish revealed that the crosslink is essential for organogenesis. Within Ctenophora, we identified basement membrane (BM) and collagen IV, and show that the structural and genomic features of collagen IV are homologous to those of non-bilaterian animal phyla and Bilateria. Yet, ctenophore features are more diverse and distinct, expressing up to twenty genes compared to six in vertebrates. Moreover, collagen IV is absent in unicellular sister-groups. Collectively, these findings establish that the triad—a collagen IV scaffold with sulfilimine crosslinks, peroxidasin, and hypohalous acids—is a primordial innovation of the ECM essential for organogenesis and tissue evolution. Furthermore, we conclude that collagen IV is a primordial component of the extracellular microenvironment that enabled the transition from unicellular organisms to multicellular animals, and as a component of BM, collagen IV enabled the assembly of a fundamental architectural unit for multicellular tissue genesis.
Subject Area
Evolution and Development|Biochemistry
Recommended Citation
Aaron Louis Fidler, "The Evolution of Collagen IV and Basement Membrane Enabling Metazoan Multicellularity" (2017). ETD Collection for Tennessee State University. Paper AAI10615191.
https://digitalscholarship.tnstate.edu/dissertations/AAI10615191
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NAIR is an R package for analyzing the adaptive immune repertoire using network analysis based on similarities among receptor sequences. It implements methods from the following paper:
Hai Yang, Jason Cham, Brian Neal, Zenghua Fan, Tao He and Li Zhang. (2023). NAIR: Network Analysis of Immune Repertoire. Frontiers in Immunology, vol. 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1181825
NAIR allows users to perform network analysis on Adaptive Immune Receptor Repertoire Sequencing (AIRR-Seq) data, including computing local and global network properties of nodes and clusters, which can provide insights into the structural organization of the immune repertoire network.
NAIR also enables users to search across multiple AIRR-Seq samples for clones/clusters associated with subject characteristics, disease conditions or clinical outcomes, as well as identify public clones/clusters. This can help researchers identify potentially important TCR/BCR clones.
To aid in interpretation of the immune repertoire network, NAIR includes convenient functionality for generating customized network visualizations.
What data does NAIR support?
NAIR supports bulk and single-cell immune repertoire sequence data for T-cell or B-cell receptors (TCR or BCR).
• Single-cell data: Each row is a single cell
• Bulk data: Each row is a distinct TCR/BCR clone (unique combination of V-D-J genes and nucleotide sequence) and typically includes a corresponding measurement of clonal abundance (e.g., clone count and clone frequency/fraction)
How does NAIR model the immune repertoire as a network?
• Each cell (single-cell data) or clone (bulk data) is modeled as a node (vertex) in the network
• For each node, we consider the corresponding receptor sequence (nucleotide or amino acid)
• For each pair of nodes, we measure the similarity in their receptor sequences (using the Hamming or Levenshtein distance)
• An edge is drawn between two nodes if the distance is below a specified threshold
• For single-cell data, sequences from two chains (e.g., alpha chain and beta chain) can be jointly used to determine similarity between cells, considering cells as similar when the sequences for both chains are similar (i.e., when the distance for each chain is below the threshold)
• Clustering analysis is used to partition the network graph into clusters (densely-connected subgraphs)
• Many clustering algorithms are available, with each seeking to identify the “best” configuration of clusters according to different graph criteria
• Network statistics characterize the repertoire in terms of the local and global structural properties of its graph
• Customized visual plots of the network graph are generated, with nodes colored according to desired metadata (e.g., disease status, sample, cluster, clonal abundance, etc.)
Installation
To install the latest release version of NAIR, use the following command:
To install the latest development version of NAIR from source (which requires compilation), use the following command:
devtools::install_github(
"mlizhangx/Network-Analysis-for-Repertoire-Sequencing-",
dependencies = TRUE,
build_vignettes = TRUE
)
Getting Started
Main Function
General network analysis on AIRR-Seq data is performed using buildRepSeqNetwork() or its convenient alias buildNet(). This function does the following:
• Filters the AIRR-Seq data according to user specifications
• Builds the network graph for the immune repertoire
• Performs additional network analysis, which can include:
• Cluster analysis
• Network properties
• Customizable visual plots of the network graph
• Returns (and optionally saves) the following output:
• The network graph (as igraph and adjacency matrix)
• Metadata for the network
• Metadata for the nodes in the network
• Metadata for the clusters in the network
• Plots of the network graph
See this vignette for a tutorial.
Searching for Associated Clusters
Given multiple samples of bulk AIRR-Seq data, NAIR can be used to search for TCR/BCR clusters associated with a binary variable of interest, such as a disease condition, treatment or clinical outcome. See this article for a tutorial.
Searching for Public Clusters
The NAIR package includes a set of functions that facilitate searching for public TCR/BCR clusters across multiple samples of bulk AIRR-seq data. In this context, a public cluster consists of similar TCR/BCR clones (e.g., those whose CDR3 amino acid sequences differ by at most one amino acid) that are shared across samples (e.g., across individuals or across time points for a single individual). See this article for a tutorial.
Additional Resources
Visualization
This article provides an introduction to the creation and customization of network visualizations using NAIR.
Network Properties and Cluster Analysis
This vignette provides an introduction to computing node-level network properties with NAIR.
This vignette explains how to perform cluster analysis with NAIR.
Supplementary Functions
This vignette provides an overview of NAIR utility functions that supplement the main function buildNet(). | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:USS Halyburton
Halyburton's involvement in the Richard Phillips Rescue
Was the Halyburton actually involved in the rescue of Richard Phillips? His book, A Captain's Duty: Somali Pirates, Navy SEALs, and Dangerous Days at Sea, does not mention Halyburton once, although he does mention Banbridge, Boxer, and Arleigh Burke. Gentek16 (talk) 00:40, 3 January 2015 (UTC)
* Yes, Halyburton was actually involved, blocked the lifeboat during an escape towards the coast. However, USS Arleigh Burke (DDG-51) was not, she was in Norfolk. You should use Google to find further information. --Dual Freq (talk) 02:00, 3 January 2015 (UTC) | WIKI |
Petronas Philharmonic Hall
The Petronas Philharmonic Hall (Dewan Filharmonik Petronas) is Malaysia's first concert hall built specifically for classical music. It is the home of the Malaysian Philharmonic Orchestra (MPO), and has hosted many of the world's leading orchestras such as New York Philharmonic, Philadelphia Orchestra, BBC Symphony and Vienna Symphony.
The concert hall was designed by Cesar Pelli based on the inspiration from the traditional shoebox shape of the 19th century European classical music halls. It has the capacity to accommodate for 920 seats which includes box seats, corporate suites and a royal suite. The stage floor is designed for flexibility, has an approximate area of 297m2, and can be extended to 369m2. The orchestra pit was designed to accommodate up to 45 musicians but can accommodate more with the existing stage extension.
History
Official construction of the hall began on 1 January 1995 as part of the base floor of Petronas Twin Towers. The construction completed a year later on the same date in 1996 while further renovations were done until 1997.
The concert hall was officially opened to public on 17 August 1998 by the patron of Malaysian Philharmonic Orchestra, Tun Dr. Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali and her husband, who is also the Prime Minister of Malaysia, Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad.
The hall has hosted some of the world's leading orchestras under renowned artists, including the New York Philharmonic, Philadelphia Orchestra, Singapore Symphony Orchestra, Vienna Symphony, Budapest Festival Orchestra, with artists such as Lorin Maazel, Lang Lang, Christoph Eschenbach, Janine Jansen and many more.
Acoustic design
The hall is constructed with concealed movable ceiling panels which can be adjusted to alter the volume in the hall and simulate a wide range of acoustic environments. There are seven movable panels in the upper ceiling. In addition, special acoustically absorptive panels in the sidewalls can be opened or closed to adjust the resonance of the hall. This incorporate unique elements into the hall design in order to maximize the natural acoustic quality of the wood interior. The acoustical technique was designed by Kirkegaard Associates.
Klais pipe organ
It was designed and built by Johannes Klais Orgelbau GmbH based in Bonn. An organ façade was inspired based on angklung, a traditional Malay music instrument. The pipe organ adds further dimension to the musical sounds presented in the concert hall with 2,977 pipes ranging from 32 feet tall to the shortest at just over an inch. The inaugural performance of the pipe organ was held on 17 August 1998 by Simon Preston during the official opening of the hall.
Sound and recording systems
Petronas Philharmonic Hall is equipped with audio support and broadcast facilities, designed by Abbey Road Studios for recording, editing, broadcasting and monitoring performances in the concert hall. It aims to produce commercial quality recordings for selected performances. | WIKI |
Fellow Stranger Fellow Stranger - 1 year ago 122
Ruby Question
Reiterate over collection
I have an unknown number of categories.
I want to pick one post from each category, and when there are no more categories I want to start from the beginning until I've reached a fixed number posts.
This is what I have, how could I rerun this iteration until I have my desired amount of posts?
desired_amount = 40
categories.each_with_index do |category, index|
post = category.posts.order(position: :asc)[index]
# do something with the post
return if desired_amount == (index + 1)
end
Answer Source
Personally, I would much prefer something like this:
posts = categories.cycle.take(desired_amount).each_with_index.map do |cat,ind|
cat.posts.order(position: :asc)[ind / categories.count]
end
That would give you the first post in each category, followed by the second post in each category, etc, until you had the number of posts you wanted. The one caveat is that if any category didn't have enough posts, your final array would have some empty spots in it (i.e. nils). | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Eleanor Maroes
Eleanor Maroes (July 20, 1943 – January 13, 2017) was a former politician and life insurance agent from Alberta, Canada. She served as interim leader of the Alberta Alliance Party in 2005.
Political activities
Maroes ran for a seat to the House of Commons of Canada in the 1997 Canadian federal election as a Reform candidate in the riding of Edmonton Southeast. She was defeated by incumbent David Kilgour, finishing a close second out of the field of five candidates.
Maroes would become involved in provincial politics with the Alberta Alliance Party when it was formed in 2002. She held a number of executive positions in the party and contested as a candidate in the 2004 Alberta general election as a candidate in the provincial electoral district of Edmonton-Ellerslie. She was defeated finishing fourth out of fifth in the open race losing to Liberal candidate Bharat Agnihotri.
After the election, Randy Thorsteinson resigned as leader and Maroes who was serving on the executive was appointed to manage the party until a leadership convention was held. She led the party under a very fractious leadership race until Paul Hinman was chosen as leader on November 19, 2005. | WIKI |
Corrado Cagli
Corrado Cagli (1910–1976) was an Italian painter of Jewish heritage, who lived in the United States during World War II.
Cagli was born in Ancona but he moved with his family to Rome in 1915 at the age of five.
In 1927, he made his artistic debut, with a mural painted on a building in Via Sistina. The following year, he made another mural painting in a hall in Via Vantaggio. In 1932, he held his first personal exhibition at the Gallery of Art of Rome.
Together with other artists such as Giuseppe Capogrossi and Emanuele Cavalli, he formed the group "New Roman School of Painting," better known as Scuola Romana. In 1937 and 1938, he exhibited works at the "Comet" gallery in New York City.
In 1938, when Benito Mussolini stepped up the persecution of Jews, Cagli fled to Paris and later went to New York where he became a U.S. citizen. He enlisted in the U.S. Army and was involved in the 1944 Normandy landings, and fought in Belgium and Germany. He was with the forces that liberated the Buchenwald concentration camp, and made a series of dramatic drawings on that subject.
In 1948, Cagli returned to Rome to take up permanent residence there. From that time forward, he experimented in various abstract and non-figurative techniques (neo-metaphysical, neo-cubist, informal).
He was awarded the Guggenheim prize (1946) and the Marzotto prize (1954).
Cagli died in Rome in 1976. | WIKI |
What Is Hypodontia? | Fab Smile Veneers Blog
A Quick Guide for those Concerned.
What is Hypodontia?
Hypodontia is a condition characterised by the failure of certain teeth to develop in the mouth. It can affect both the primary teeth of childhood, and the permanent teeth of adulthood. Hypodontia arises partly as a result of genetic factors, and partly from the influence of external factors such as infection or trauma. Hypodontia should not be confused with the loss or damage of teeth that have developed: rather — it is instead a condition in which certain teeth fail to develop in the first place.
HypodontiaDifferent Types of Hypodontia
Hypodontia occurs in a number of different forms. Some varieties are more serious than others: in the milder cases only one tooth is absent, while severe hypodontia — also known as oligodontia — is defined as being characterised by the lack of at least six teeth. The complete lack of teeth is termed anodontia. Hypodontia tends to affect certain teeth more than others: among sufferers of the condition it is the wisdom teeth, the second premolars and the upper lateral incisors are the most likely teeth to fail to develop.
Effects of Hypodontia
Hypodontia can have a number of detrimental effects on the sufferer. One is the basic matter of appearance: people with Hypodontia tend to feel unhappy with their looks, and so suffer adverse emotional effects. There are also practical issues that can arise from Hypodontia, particularly difficulty in chewing. Furthermore, if left untreated, the teeth may move into the gap left by the Hypodontia, which can lead to gum damage, difficulty speaking and other such issues. As Hypodontia manifests during youth, it is prone to cause both emotional and physical discomfort to children, and so it is advised for parents to have the problem diagnosed and dealt with by a professional dentist as quickly as possible.
Treatments for Hypodontia
If yur dentist advises that dental treatment is not possible, an option might be to use clip-in veneers to help mask the problem. Clip-on teeth veneers from UK suppliers, Fab Smile Veneers offers an inexpensive approach to clip-on veneers which are both pain-free and can be applied without a trip to the dentist. These veneers are not permanent, and can be removed just as easily as they can be clipped on in the first place. Fab Smile Veneers offers some of the best veneers the UK has to offer, and will ensure that you feel confident and satisfied that the effects of Hypodontia will be hidden behind a perfect smile. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Colloquy of Worms
Colloquy of Worms may refer to either of two meetings of Catholics and Protestants held in Worms, Germany, during the Reformation:
* Colloquy of Worms (1540–1541)
* Colloquy of Worms (1557) | WIKI |
; How to choose the correct tyre for your car | Allon White Sports Cars
Tyres - the unsung heroes on your car
Much discussed, often kicked, and frequently neglected for far too long, tyres are of course vital to the safe enjoyment of your car.
So here's a few thoughts on getting the best from your tyres…
Condition
The law says there must be at least 1.6mm of tread round the whole circumference and across at least 3/4 of the central width of the tyre. In reality, the performance of a tyre in wet conditions is compromised when worn to the legal limits and it’s worth thinking about earlier replacement.
Age of the tyres is also important as the rubber hardens with age and loses its ‘grippiness’. This could be of concern when cornering, but also it will affect how quickly you can do an emergency stop. Rubber can also crack with age and compromise the strength of the tyre. There’s a school of thought which says tyres should be replaced after 5 years regardless of the amount of tread left. Definitely though, don’t run a car with tyres older than 10 years.
Unless your tyres are incredibly ancient(!) they will have a code stamped on the sidewall. This will start with ‘DOT’ and the last 4 digits are the ones of interest. Of these, the first 2 are the week, and the last 2 the year, in which the tyre was made. So 2704 means manufactured in the 27th week of 2004.
Do inspect your tyres on a regular basis – tread depth, signs of damage, aged related cracking. And very importantly, check the pressures! The pressures stated in your car’s handbook will be for when the tyres are cold.
The wrong pressures will cause premature and uneven wear and can increase fuel consumption. Far more importantly, an incorrectly inflated tyre won’t provide the right levels of grip.
Which tyre to choose
There’s a confusing number of makes and models of tyres to choose from, and an equally confusing number of opinions (many of them subjective!) on what’s best.
It’s usually best to stick with the car manufacturer’s recommended tyre size. Sometimes it's assumed wider tyres automatically mean better handling, but it's not necessarily so. As an example, the tyres on the original Lotus Elan are unfashionably skinny, but fit modern wide wheels and tyres and you’ll spoil the feel and handling of a wonderfully balanced sports car.
Think about the sort of driving you do. Are you looking for maximum grip, good fuel consumption, best longevity or low road noise? Also consider the characteristics of your car. For example, a harder tyre lasts longer than a softer one but gives less grip. But when you have a car like a Morgan or Lotus or Caterham, you can run a soft tyre for improved grip as the car's light weight means tyre life won't be unacceptably compromised.
A recognised brand is often worth paying a slight premium for. There are quite a number of attractively priced but little known tyre makes out there. No doubt some will be fine, but others are noticeably worse when it comes to grip.
Tyres will have both a speed and a load rating and it is best practice when replacing tyres to go with the same ratings as originally fitted to the car (although you are allowed in the UK to fit tyres with a lower speed rating).
Some car manufacturers work in conjunction with a tyre company to develop tyres specifically designed and recommended for a particular car. Lotus have worked with Yokohama to produce tyres for some of their models.
Punctures and tyre repairs
Not all punctures can be repaired. Only punctures in the centre section of tyres can be repaired – see area T in the diagram below:
Also tyres which are speed rated V or above, are only allowed one puncture repair.
Even if a puncture can be repaired, a tyre should be carefully inspected before repair to ensure the structure hasn’t been damaged, e.g. by driving on it when flat.
Many modern cars do not have a spare wheel and aerosols of tyre sealant are supplied instead. These can do an adequate job of repairing a puncture and inflating a tyre at the side of the road, but the repair's not permanent. The car should be driven at reduced speed and the tyre inspected and repaired/replaced as soon as possible.
Winter Tyres
The grip from normal tyres decreases in cold weather and it’s well proven that a proper winter tyre which has a different rubber compound and tread pattern will give significantly more grip in wet or indeed snowy conditions.
In the UK, it’s relatively uncommon for someone to have two sets of tyres – i.e. summer and winter – whereas in many parts of Europe where winters are colder, it is common or indeed a legal requirement.
For many people, the problem with owning a set of winter tyres is the cost and the logistics of storage and swapping wheels/tyres. So if these are issues, the simplest solution is to drive more cautiously in winter time and ensure the tyres are in top condition with plenty of tread.
Track Days
Do carefully check the condition of your tyres before doing a track day – you’ll be putting a lot more stress on the tyres and you don’t want any nasty surprises.
Tyre pressures need to be kept an eye on during a track day. If you’re a regular attendee, you’ll know what works for you and your car and the ideal pressures to get the right grip, turn in and performance.
If you’re new to track days, be aware that your tyres will get hotter than normal which in turn causes higher tyre pressures. As a rule of thumb, you should aim to keep the tyres pressures at their normal hot running pressure (as measured after a spell of road driving). So check tyre pressures between track sessions and adjust, i.e. reduce if necessary.
If you drive a classic Morgan, the tyre pressures recommended for road use are quite soft so as to give a good compromise between ride comfort and handling. You’ll probably find for a track day that road pressures are too low which mean the sidewalls flex too much under hard cornering and the handling isn’t as sharp as it can be. Another 3 – 5lb pressure may make a useful difference.
At the end of the track day, check the condition of your tyres before driving home to make sure you’re still safe and legal and ensure the pressures are returned to the correct pressures for road driving.
More information
If you’re after more detail about specific areas or issues relating to tyres, the website for the British Tyre Manufacturer’s Association has a number of good articles. Click on - BTMA Tyre Articles | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
0
I'm hoping someone will help me since I've been googling around for some answers but I can't seem to get a straight forward answer.
Disclaimer first... I'm not a network guy, programmer by trade.
So I inherited an environment consisting of a Dell PowerConnect 2848. All our workstations, servers and VOIP system is hooked up into this one device. Looking in the admin utility, it seems that it's just one VLAN (the default #1). Here's what I want to do. I want to break it up to 3 VLANs, one for voice, another for vmware esxi/storage and one for everything else. What do I need to do.
What I've done so far: read the dell pdf. Created the 2 addition vlan membership (101 - vmware, 201 - voice for a total of 3... include default 1). Now I think I'm supposed to tag and untag which ports are associated to which vlan membership but I'm stuck at that point. What should be a T and what should be a U and I'm guessing I also need to put in an ethernet cable connecting the T and U correct?
Thanks in advance.
1
• Stop right there... with that class of gear you're just complicating things with little to no benefit. Dec 26, 2012 at 15:03
1 Answer 1
4
1. None of the ports need to be tagged. Tagging would be relevant to a trunk port if your VLAN's span two or more switches or if you're planning on using VST (Virtual Switch Tagging) in whatever VMware product you're using. With only a single switch and no VST, tagging is unneccessary.
2. You need to configure which ports are members of which VLAN's.
3. You need a router to route traffic between the VLAN's. The PowerConnect 2848 is a layer 2 switch and doesn't have any routing ability.
4. Your statement:
I'm guessing I also need to put in an ethernet cable connecting the T and U correct?
Is incorrect. You shouldn't connect any switch port to any other switch port. You need to connect the correct hosts/devices to the correct switch ports based on their VLAN membership.
3
• I was thinking that the switch can act as a router also (hence the connect from port to another port). Dec 24, 2012 at 18:51
• Even if the switch were a layer 3 switch and was capable of routing (which it isn't) you wouldn't facilitate that routing by connecting one switch port to another switch port. You would facilitate routing by configuring what is generally referred to as Inter-VLAN routing.
– joeqwerty
Dec 24, 2012 at 18:53
• Okay.. I have a Cisco RV042 VPN / Router. I'll see if I can use that as my router and then link them with ports that correspond to the 3 VLANs. Dec 24, 2012 at 19:12
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Wal-Mart Stores Inc (WMT) Stock: Get Paid to Feed the Bears
InvestorPlace - Stock Market News, Stock Advice & Trading Tips
Wal-Mart Stores Inc (NYSE: WMT ) is a giant of retail, but the past 12 months have seen Walmart stock move sideways. The fundamental story hasn't changed much - Walmart's management is still sticking with its low-price leader strategy. It's made an effort to ameliorate the public perception of fair pay to its employees, but it remains a dinosaur in a sector marred by Amazon.com, Inc. (NASDAQ: AMZN ).
Before AMZN, WMT was the king of low margins. This perhaps minimized the Amazon effect on it. Otherwise, AMZN demolished the rest of the sector.
Click to Enlarge Technically, the weekly chart points out two areas where Walmart stock didn't belong. Those were upside and downside overshoots. Somewhere in the middle lies the truth. Focusing on that, I see a clear channel slightly descending, but not alarmingly so.
The 7 Best Stocks to Buy for an Income-Rich Retirement
Most traders risk money based on price targets. I find it easier to identify areas where price is not likely to go and sell risk there. In WMT's case, and as long as equity markets don't collapse, I can generate income from selling downside risk below proven support in Walmart stock.
The Bet: Sell the WMT Oct $60 put naked for 80 cents. This trade has a 90% theoretical chance of success. If WMT stock falls below the strike price, you will have the stock put to you (meaning that the buyer of the put will have the option to sell it to you at the strike price). Anything below $59.20 per share would accrue losses.
Usually, I like to sell upside risk to balance my trade, but in this case, I feel comfortable that I would be able to manage my risk against the short-term price gyrations. Selling naked puts is risky and is not suitable for all trades. I can change my trade to make it more palatable to more investors.
The Alternate: Sell WMT Oct $60/$55 credit put spread. This is also a bullish trade that has a 90% chance of delivering 8% yield on risk.
Learn options as easy as 1-2-3 here . Nicolas Chahine is the managing director of SellSpreads.com . As of this writing, he did not hold a position in any of the aforementioned securities. You can follow him on Twitter at @racernic and stocktwits at @racernic .
More From InvestorPlace
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3 Construction Stocks That Aren't Making You Great Again
Bullish on Snap Inc (SNAP) Stock? Then Answer This Question
The post Wal-Mart Stores Inc (WMT) Stock: Get Paid to Feed the Bears appeared first on InvestorPlace .
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
User:<IP_ADDRESS>/sandbox
SmartBuyGlasses Optical Group is a Hong Kong based private multinational designer eyewear e-retailer. The group specialises in designer brand eyewear; eyeglasses, sunglasses and contact lenses. The company has e-commerce websites in over 30 countries and in 15 languages. The group carries over 80,000 eyewear products from over 180 designer brands.
SmartBuyGlasses Optical Group was founded in 2006 as VisionDirect.com.au. Later in 2008, it was incorporated as SmartBuyGlasses in Hong Kong as a Global E-commerce retailer and operates through websites in more than 30 countries across Asia Pacific, Europe and the Americas. SmartBuyGlasses Optical Group was co-founded by Tony Zhuang, David Menning, and Doron Kalinko. The company also operates an outlet store in Kennedy Town, Hong Kong. In 2018 the group partnered with Chester Eyewear, an Australian retail store operator to develop their omni-channel and retail presence through a flagship optical store in Melbourne Australia.
In 2016, the SmartBuyGlasses partnered with Sightsavers to support the Million Miracle's appeal to fund a million sight-saving cataract operations in some of the poorest parts of the world. | WIKI |
Talk:List of awards and nominations received by T.I.
Untitled
Among the awards listed are the Lisa Lopes Award for groundbreaking achievements in music and community service which was court ordered, which was honored by Atlanta's V-103. He received an award for doing court-ordered community service? It sounds more like this radio station was making fun of him than giving him a real award. --Metropolitan90 18:46, 5 November 2006 (UTC)
* I removed it anyway..it stood out a little bit, but I get what you're saying Georgia Peachez 21:45, 13 November 2006 (UTC)
OKAAAAAY...
-Sooo I cleaned the page up as requested -I added tables to make the page look decent, cleaner and easier to edit -I'm not quite done, but hey I have a life..geez -He probably have more awards out there which is not included in this page, if you guys find any, feel free to add them Georgia Peachez (talk) 16:15, 24 March 2010 (UTC)
External links modified
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I have just modified 2 one external links on List of awards and nominations received by T.I.. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/20081119042226/http://www.ascap.com/eventsawards/awards/popawards/2006/songs.html to http://www.ascap.com/eventsawards/awards/popawards/2006/songs.html
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110523032944/http://www.ascap.com/eventsawards/awards/popawards/2008/performed.aspx to http://www.ascap.com/eventsawards/awards/popawards/2008/performed.aspx
Cheers.—cyberbot II Talk to my owner :Online 08:32, 2 July 2016 (UTC)
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* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100328164509/http://www.bet.com:80/specials/hiphopawards08 to http://www.bet.com/specials/hiphopawards08
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100330040815/http://www.bet.com:80/specials/hiphopawards09/hha09_nominees to http://www.bet.com/specials/hiphopawards09/hha09_nominees
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100912003620/http://www.bet.com:80/specials/hiphopawards10/hha10_nominees/ to http://www.bet.com/specials/hiphopawards10/hha10_nominees/
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100325232548/http://www.allhiphop.com:80/stories/news/archive/2009/12/11/22063161.aspx to http://allhiphop.com/stories/news/archive/2009/12/11/22063161.aspx
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100402175534/http://www.mtvasia.com:80/News/200903/18017748.html to http://www.mtvasia.com/News/200903/18017748.html
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100515062329/http://mmva09.muchmusic.com:80/category/nominees to http://mmva09.muchmusic.com/category/nominees
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130821114959/http://www.teenchoiceawards.com/tcnews.aspx to http://teenchoiceawards.com/tcnews.aspx#.UetL_o21Evk
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20061016114118/http://www.ascap.com/eventsawards/awards/vibe/2004/ to http://www.ascap.com/eventsawards/awards/vibe/2004/
Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot (Report bug) 16:41, 31 December 2016 (UTC)
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Tony Nomination
TI was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Score in 2018 for his contribution to SpongeBob Squarepants the Musical. I would add it but I don't know how to edit Wikipedia pages! Dunker2023 (talk) 07:19, 15 May 2023 (UTC) | WIKI |
Seaside-class cruise ship
The Seaside class is a class of four cruise ships owned and operated by MSC Cruises. The lead ship of the class, MSC Seaside, entered service in the Caribbean Sea in December 2017. A fourth cruise ship, the MSC Seascape was christened in New York on December 7, 2022.
Design and engineering
The Seaside class is based on Fincantieri's "Project Mille". The two original Seaside-class ships in the class have 18 decks and, with a length of 323 m, a draft of 8.8 m, a depth of 12.1 m, and a beam of 41 m. The maximum passenger capacity is 5,119, with a crew complement of 1,413. The two Seaside EVO ships will measure, with a length of 339 m; an additional deck and modified cabins will give them a passenger capacity of 5,646.
Seaside-class ships are powered by a diesel-electric genset system, with four Wärtsilä engines driving GE Marine electrical equipment. Main propulsion is via two propellers, each driven by a 20 MW electric motor; four forward and three aft 3.1 MW thrusters allow for close-quarters maneuvering. The system gives the vessels a maximum speed of 21.3 kn.
Construction
The first two ships were ordered in May 2014 from Fincantieri, with each ship costing US$700 million, and scheduled to be delivered in November 2017 and May 2018, respectively. The order also came with an option for a third vessel.
Upon delivery of MSC Seaside in November 2017, MSC Cruises announced that it signed an order from Fincantieri for two new vessels that were to be an evolution from the existing Seaside-class platform, a sub-class to be dubbed "Seaside EVO". MSC explained that the option to build a third Seaside-class vessel was replaced with a new agreement to build the two Seaside EVO-class ships. Delivery for the two ships is expected for 2021 and 2022, respectively.
So far all of the ships of this class have been given the "Sea" prefix. | WIKI |
Code Challenges: Intermediate Javascript excercise 5: how does the "while loop" work?
I was able to pass this exercise by changing the variable name in the “while loop”, however I don’t understand the mechanics behind how it searches for the “smallest power of two greater than the given number”.
Additionally, I’m not sure why the two duplicate variable names were altering the result.
exercise instructions:
"We wrote a function, smallestPowerOfTwo() , which takes in an array.
Within our function, we create a new array called results . We then loop through the argument array and calculate the smallest power of two which is greater than the current element before using .push() to add it to results .
It’s not doing what we want. Can you fix our code, please?"
Can anyone explain how the code below searches for the smallest power of 2 greater than the given number?
// The ‘inner’ while loop - searches for smallest power of 2 greater than the given number
let n = 1;
while (n < number) {
n = n * 2;
full solution code below:
const numbers = [5, 3, 9, 30];
const smallestPowerOfTwo = arr => {
let results = ;
// The ‘outer’ for loop - loops through each element in the array
for (let i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
let number = arr[i];
// The 'inner' while loop - searches for smallest power of 2 greater than the given number
let n = 1;
while (n < number) {
n = n * 2;
}
results.push(n);
}
return results
}
console.log(smallestPowerOfTwo(numbers))
// Should print the returned array [ 8, 4, 16, 32 ] instead prints the returned array [8]
Any thoughts are appreciated!
Is that the provided solution, or your working code? It gives the correct results.
Hi Roy! That is my working code - and it does give the correct results, I just don’t understand why. Specifically, I am having difficulty understanding how the syntax of the while loop works, and how it manages to search for the smallest power of 2 greater than the given number.
Hey David
Here’s the code of the challenge:
const numbers = [5, 3, 9, 30]; const smallestPowerOfTwo = arr => { let results = []; // The 'outer' for loop - loops through each element in the array for (let i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) { number = arr[i]; // The 'inner' while loop - searches for smallest power of 2 greater than the given number let j = 1; while (j < number) { j *= 2; } results.push(j); } return results } console.log(smallestPowerOfTwo(numbers)) // Should print the returned array [ 8, 4, 16, 32 ] instead prints the returned array [8]
What this is doing is the following:
• pass an array with numbers
• for each number assign to a variable j the initial value 1
• verify that the value of j is currently less than the value of number (element of the array numbers), meaning:
j=1
number=5
j<number is true so multiply j times 2
j=2
number=5
j<number is true so multiply j times 2
j=4
number=5
j<number is true so multiply j times 2
j=8
number=5
j<number is false so push j to the return array.
Move to the next i and repeat.
Hopefully this was clear enough :slight_smile: Does this help?
Edit:
I realised it was not very clear, now it should be! :wink:
1 Like
Hi @usernamegiapreso, thanks for sharing this example! So, I think I may be having difficulty understanding how the fundamentals of a while loop work.
I’ll go through my faulty logic, using your example starting with the first case, where we assign an initial value of 1 to j.
j=1
number=5
j<number is true so multiply j times 2
so, I understand that 1 is less than 5, making the statement true, and therefore we multiply j times 2. However, if j = 1, why aren’t we multiplying 1 times 2, and getting a result of 2? how do we get a result of 8?
This is an infinite loop:
while (true) {
}
It will go on into perpetuity unless the system intervenes and halts the program. We prevent infinite loops by giving the code body a breaking condition:
while (true) {
if (Math.random() > 0.9) {
break;
}
}
A while loop functions with any condition, not just numbers. So long as the condition is met, the loop continues to interate.
The above loop keeps doubling the value of n until it is greater than number. 8 fails the condtion, n < number when number is 5.
8 is 2 to the 3. The loop is effectively multiplying n by 2, three times.
1 * 2 * 2 * 2
Ah, it just clicked. I’m tracking now!
1 Like
Since this was a challenge, it stands as an opportunity to learn something new from what you so far know, or from extending your knowledge base with extra study.
Consider the following, but leave it for now, and just see it as a sneak peek at some of the goodies still to come up…
const numbers = [5, 3, 9, 30];
const smallestPowerOfTwo = arr => arr.map(m => 2 ** Math.ceil(Math.log(m)/Math.log(2)));
console.log(smallestPowerOfTwo(numbers))
[ 8, 4, 16, 32 ]
The function, an expression, has a return expression that maps the results of the callback expression. It follows a functional approach based upon expressions (values).
The only thing new is the Array method, .map(), but more importantly, higher-order functions have not yet come up. Both roughly coincide each other in the curriculum. All in good time. This should give you an idea of how we can abstract from the original code a whole new solution.
Bottom line, as we delve deeper into the language, the more it allows us to implement our knowledge of Maths into our code design. With practice you’ll soon be able to rewrite code in several forms yet arrive at the same results. Keep this idea stored as you progress.
For instance, in the exercise code, the outer loop uses counting and an index. Since the array is never mutated, we could dispose of that approach and go straight to the values, using for..of.
for (let m of arr) {
let n = 1
while (n < m) {
n *= 2
}
results.push(n)
}
Are we improving code when we re-write it? Rhetorical question, really. At this point it is enough to learn other ways of doing roughly the same thing. My little snippet above is not the only, or likely the best solution. It is a solution that approaches the problem from a different perspective taking a different line.
The goal is what is important. Meet that goal and from there you’ll eventually be faced with choosing a line that favors readability, minimum time and space complexity, and maintainability. Not goals we need to set for ourselves, today. The day will come. Let these little ideas stick and see where they take you.
Happy coding!
Thank you for sharing this Roy! Boy, I am totally lost haha. I’m going to spend the next week going back over the fundamentals of Javascript taught in earlier CodeCademy modules and then return and see if I can make headway with this.
1 Like
This topic was automatically closed 41 days after the last reply. New replies are no longer allowed. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Wikipedia:Bots/Requests for approval/Py123
* The following discussion is an archived debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section. The result of the discussion was Symbol delete vote.svg Denied.
Py123 welcome new users using the welcome.py script from pywikipedia bot framework. he hardly ever has down time and is a great way to get users to keep on editing! -- Py123 (talk) 23:26, 27 May 2009 (UTC)
* Per PEREN, there is no support for such a bot. Amalthea 23:39, 27 May 2009 (UTC)
* As Amalthea said, "welcome bots" are not allowed here. Anomie⚔ 23:50, 27 May 2009 (UTC)
* The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section.
new section.
i looked at reasons why a welcome bot is not wleocme. the main one it looked like was if it was a vandal... my bot only greets ppl if they have 5 or more edits. -- does this matter Py123 (talk) 19:18, 28 May 2009 (UTC)
* Not for this request, I'm afraid. Bots are only approved if there is consensus for a task (WP:BOTPOL), and every discussion I've seen on the topic has shown consensus against this one. If you still think it's a task that needs doing, I'd recommend you first look through the archives of e.g. WP:VPR for some of those discussions, and check if you think whether you can alleviate all concerns. Personally, I don't think that a welcome message by a bot is particularly valuable. Enough people here are happy to give out welcome notices to constructive users, and a message by a human gives those new users a point of contact. Amalthea 19:38, 28 May 2009 (UTC) | WIKI |
Install Jupyterlab on Ubuntu - Fast & Easy
If you have followed the recent Install Anaconda Ubuntu - Complete Step-by-Step Tutorial, or even the popular Install Postman on Ubuntu Tutorial, chances are that you are also looking for a tutorial on how to Install Jupyterlab on Ubuntu. So, why not cover the whole thing? Let's get right started.
There are 3 ways to Install Jupyterlab:
1. Conda (that requires you to install Anaconda first, follow this Tutorial to do so!)
2. Pip
3. Pipenv
I show you all 3 ways so you are covered.
Step 1 - Install Jupyterlab using Conda
Assuming you have Anaconda installed, simply run:
conda install -c conda-forge jupyterlab
Code language: Bash (bash)
When prompted if you want to proceed with the installation, hit y.
Installation Process
Install Jupyterlab using Conda
That's it for the Conda way. To learn how to start Jupyterlab continue with Step 4.
How to install Anaconda on Ubuntu
How to install Anaconda on Ubuntu
Step 2 - Install Jupyterlab using Pip
To run the installer using Pip, simply run:
pip install jupyterlab
Code language: Bash (bash)
Install Jupyter Notebook
Install Jupyterlab using Pip
That's all you need to do for the Pip install.
Step 3 - Install Jupyterlab using Pipenv
For Pipenv we need to run:
pipenv install jupyterlab pipenv shell
Code language: Bash (bash)
Or from a Git Checkout:
pipenv install git+git://github.com/jupyterlab/jupyterlab.git#egg=jupyterlab pipenv shell
Code language: Bash (bash)
Step 4 - Starting Jupyterlab
To start Jupyterlab you simply run:
jupyter lab
Code language: Bash (bash)
Install Jupyter Notebook
Starting Jupyterlab
After you run the command, a Web Browser automatically opens with the Jupyter Notebook interface.
Install Jupyter Notebook
Jupyter Notebook Web Interface
In case it doesn't come up automatically, open a Web Browser and Navigate to http://localhost:8888/lab
Conclusion
You can achieve a complete setup of Jupyterlab in only a couple of steps. If you have followed the previous Anaconda installation tutorial, you should have no issue being up and running within 15 Minutes, all together. Jupyterlab is really interesting for Development, I am going to look into it myself and maybe even make more Tutorials for Jupyterlab in the future.
If you are interested in learning more about the Python programming language, check out some of the tutorials below.
🐍 Learn Python Programming
🔨 Python Basics
👉 Python Syntax
👉 Python Variables
👉 Python print()
👉 Python input()
👉 Python Constants
⚙️ Python Specifics
👉 Python List Replace - Simplified
👉 Create a GUI in Python
👉 Find out the Length of a String in Python
👉 Enum in Python
👉 Python Inline If/Else One-Line Statements
👉 Python xrange()
🏋️ Python Exercises
👉 Python Exercise Collection
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Myripristis seychellensis
Myripristis seychellensis, the shy soldier, is a species of soldierfish belonging to the genus Myripristis. It can be found in the Western Indian Ocean in Madagascar, Réunion, the St. Brandon Shoals and Seychelles, which it is named after. It can also possibly be found in Taiwan It can be found hiding in caves. | WIKI |
Talk:Death of Dan Markingson
Untitled
This article is a collaboration with my friend and colleague, Carl Elliott, MD, PhD. Saenger (talk) 12:19, 10 May 2016 (UTC)
Possible Good Article Nomination
I came across this article while performing assessments for unassessed Wikiproject Minnesota articles. Although it is a relatively new article, it is very well-written. , would you consider nominating this article as a Good Article? I would do it myself, but the nomination instructions indicate that it is "highly preferable" that the nominator be familiar with the subject of the article and have made significant contributions to the article. ebbillings (talk) 22:52, 22 June 2016 (UTC)
Thank you for the compliment. My collaborator and I will try to follow up on your suggestion in the next month or two. Also, thank you for the links to Good Articles. Saenger (talk) 12:25, 6 July 2016 (UTC) | WIKI |
Trump blasts Biden as he hits 2020 trail | TheHill
President TrumpDonald John TrumpFacebook releases audit on conservative bias claims Harry Reid: 'Decriminalizing border crossings is not something that should be at the top of the list' Recessions happen when presidents overlook key problems MORE on Monday lashed out at former Vice President Joe BidenJoe BidenHarry Reid: 'Decriminalizing border crossings is not something that should be at the top of the list' Warren offers plan to repeal 1994 crime law authored by Biden Panel: Jill Biden's campaign message MORE, ahead of the Democratic candidate hitting the campaign trail for the first time since entering the 2020 presidential race. In a string of tweets, Trump vented his frustration that Biden scored the endorsement of a major firefighters union, knocked him for staging his first campaign rally in Pennsylvania and slammed the news media for focusing on a candidate Trump sees as a relic of the past. The Media (Fake News) is pushing Sleepy Joe hard. Funny, I’m only here because of Biden & Obama. They didn’t do the job and now you have Trump, who is getting it done - big time! The flurry of attacks suggest Trump views Biden as a formidable general-election opponent who could gain support from white, working-class voters in states Trump won in 2016, including Pennsylvania, Michigan and Wisconsin. Rank-and-file union workers “love Trump,” the president argued, because of his administration's record on the economy. But he said “Dues Crazy union leadership” who “rip-off their membership with ridiculously high dues, medical and other expenses” throw their support behind Democrats. “I'm sick of this President badmouthing unions,” Biden responded later in a tweet. “Labor built the middle class in this country. Minimum wage, overtime pay, the 40-hour week: they exist for all of us because unions fought for those rights. We need a President who honors them and their work.” Biden on Monday won the backing of the International Association of Fire Fighters (IAFF), the first major labor group to endorse a 2020 candidate, giving him a boost as he prepares to stage his opening campaign rally in Pittsburgh later in the day. “The Dues Sucking firefighters leadership will always support Democrats, even though the membership wants me. Some things never change!” Trump tweeted. The IAFF did not endorse Democratic presidential nominee Hillary ClintonHillary Diane Rodham ClintonThe exhaustion of Democrats' anti-Trump delusions Poll: Trump trails three Democrats by 10 points in Colorado Soft levels of support mark this year's Democratic primary MORE in 2016, abandoning their past practice of supporting the party’s presidential nominees. The decision was seen as a harbinger of Democrats’ struggles with white, working-class voters that helped propel Trump to the White House. As Biden prepared to travel to the Keystone State, Trump suggested the economy would help keep the state in the Republican column next year. “Sleepy Joe Biden is having his first rally in the Great State of Pennsylvania. He obviously doesn’t know that Pennsylvania is having one of the best economic years in its history, with lowest unemployment EVER, a now thriving Steel Industry (that was dead) & great future!” Trump tweeted. But there is evidence Trump may struggle to duplicate his success there in 2020. Three in five registered voters in Pennsylvania said it is time for a change in the White House, while 1 in 3 said Trump has done a good enough job to win reelection, according to a Franklin & Marshall College poll released last month. Other polls indicate Biden would be Trump’s toughest general-election opponent if he can win his party’s nomination. The latest Hill-HarrisX survey found Biden leading Trump by 6 percentage points among registered voters nationwide who were polled. Trump has repeatedly criticized Biden in an apparent effort to weaken his standing in the crowded Democratic primary field. The 72-year-old president last week described himself as a “young, vibrant man,” especially compared to Biden, 76. “I look at Joe, I don't know about him,” Trump told a reporter who asked if age is a factor in the race. “I would never say anyone is too old. But they are all making me look very young, both in terms of age and in terms of energy.” He also questioned Biden’s intelligence in an interview Thursday with Fox News host Sean HannitySean Patrick HannityTrump calls Juan Williams 'pathetic,' 'always nasty and wrong' Chris Wallace becomes Trump era's 'equal opportunity inquisitor' Maher stands by recession remarks: 'Very worth' getting rid of Trump MORE, saying he refers to the former vice president as “Sleepy Joe” because “I’ve known him for a while and he’s a pretty sleepy guy.” Trump added that Biden would not have the capacity to deal with Chinese President Xi Jinping. “That's a different level of energy and, frankly, intelligence,” Trump said. Biden took direct aim at Trump last week when he launched his presidential campaign with a video criticizing the president’s response to the deadly 2017 white supremacist march in Charlottesville, Va. “If we give Donald Trump eight years in the White House, he will forever and fundamentally alter the character of this nation — who we are — and I cannot stand by and watch that happen,” Biden said in the video. —Updated at 12:25 p.m. View the discussion thread. The Hill 1625 K Street, NW Suite 900 Washington DC 20006 | 202-628-8500 tel | 202-628-8503 fax The contents of this site are ©2019 Capitol Hill Publishing Corp., a subsidiary of News Communications, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Page:The Song of the Sirens.djvu/350
to sword was a condescension upon my part. So far from having forced him to meet me, his challenge to me was simultaneous with mine to him. Signor Orsacchino has insinuated what, if he were ever to put into words—no, Signor, hear me out, you may then say what you please—I should resent far more bitterly than the epithet of murderer. You will all recall the sudden and lamented death of Signora della Rubbalda, more than two years after that of her husband. You will all remember that she, the most beautiful woman of our city, who was mourned by unsuccessful suitors beyond any count, left behind her a reputation for saintliness, such as few women have ever attained to. I had, indeed, seen the Signora before my combat with her husband, but I say solemnly that until the Carnival ball I had never spoken to her, that until the morning after, just before the duel, I had not known whom I so admired. I admit that he challenged me upon her account, but his jealousy was as insensate as the spleen that drove him, whose household had escaped loss, to press an imaginary grievance upon me, whose house was most desolate of all, upon a morning of general sorrow and desolation.
If the story of my grievance—all too weak a word—against him, has never before been told by me, it is not because I have any reason to be | WIKI |
Title
Implementation of Personalized Medicine Services in Community Pharmacies: Perceptions of Independent Community Pharmacists
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
9-1-2014
Description
Conclusion: The majority of independent community pharmacists are interested in incorporating personalized medicine services into their practices, but they require further education before this is possible. Future initiatives should focus on the development of comprehensive education programs to further train pharmacists for provision of these services.Objectives: To evaluate the perceptions of independent community pharmacists within a regional independent community pharmacy cooperative on implementing personalized medicine services at their pharmacies and to gauge the pharmacists' self-reported knowledge of pharmacogenomic principles.Design: Descriptive, exploratory, nonexperimental study.Setting: American Pharmacy Services Corporation (APSC), 2011-12.Participants: Pharmacists (n = 101) affiliated with the independent pharmacies of APSC.Intervention: Single-mode surveyMain outcome measures: Independent community pharmacists' interest in implementing personalized medicine services, perceived readiness to provide such services, and perceived barriers to implementation.Results: 101 completed surveys were returned for data analysis. The majority of pharmacists surveyed (75%) expressed interest in offering personalized medicine services. When asked to describe their knowledge of pharmacogenomics and readiness to implement such services, more than 50% said they were not knowledgeable on the subject and would not currently be comfortable making drug therapy recommendations to physicians or confident counseling patients based on results of genetic screenings without further training and education. Respondents identified cost of providing the service, reimbursement issues, current knowledge of pharmacogenomics, and time to devote to the program as the greatest barriers to implementing personalized medicine services.
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Filip Vasiljević
Filip Vasiljević (Филип Васиљевић; born 5 October 2002) is a Serbian footballer who plays as a midfielder for Grafičar Beograd. | WIKI |
SAS INSTITUTE, INC. v. S & H COMPUTER SYSTEMS, INC.
Nos. 82-3669, 82-3670.
United States District Court, M.D. Tennessee, Nashville Division.
March 6, 1985.
See also 568 F.Supp. 416.
John M. Conley, Robinson, Bradshaw & Hinson, P.A., Charlotte, N.C., Karen L. Casser, Gen. Counsel, Cary, N.C., James J. Marcellino, J. Thomas Franklin, Dexter L. Kenfield, Gaston Snow & Ely Bartlett, Boston, Mass., Bass, Berry & Sims, Nashville, Tenn., for SAS Institute, Inc.
James Y. Doramus, Doramus, Gideon & Trauger, Nashville, Tenn., Joseph M. Potenza, Schuyler, Banner, Birch, Mckie & Beckett, Washington, D.C., William Ramsey, Neal & Harwell, Nashville, Tenn., for S & H Computer Systems, Inc.
MEMORANDUM
WISEMAN, Chief Judge.
This civil action represents the consolidation of cross actions filed by the parties. SAS Institute, Inc. [Institute] in its action seeks relief against S & H Computer Systems, Inc. [S & H] based on claims of copyright infringement, breach of contract, fraud, trade secret misappropriation, and unfair competition, relating to the preparation by S & H of a computer software system for performing statistical analysis which was allegedly copied and derived from the Institute’s copyrighted and widely marketed system, known by its registered trademark “SAS.” S & H for its part seeks declaratory judgment with respect to the copyright and breach of contract claims, and seeks recovery against the Institute on claims of breach of a separate contract entered into by the parties in an effort to settle this dispute, and for interference with a contract between S & H and a third party. Jurisdiction of this Court is based on diversity of citizenship, federal question, and 28 U.S.C. § 1338, respecting copyright and unfair competition claims. State law claims are also asserted, based on pendent jurisdiction. The jurisdiction of this Court is not disputed.
The case was tried without a jury on September 12 through 20, 1983, with the Institute proceeding as plaintiff. This memorandum sets forth the Court’s findings of fact and conclusions of law. To the extent that findings of fact actually represent conclusions of law, they should be so considered, and vice versa.
Because the Court finds in favor of the Institute on both the copyright and contract claims, and grants the requested relief, the Court declines to address the trade secret, Lanham Act, fraud and pendent state claims.
The Court requested proposed findings of fact and conclusions of law from the parties, and has adopted many of those submitted, verbatim, as the findings of fact and conclusions of law of the Court.
At the request of the Court, the parties agreed to the appointment of an expert to assist the Court in this case and expressly waived the disclosure requirements of Rule 706, Fed.R.Evid. The Court acknowledges with gratitude the invaluable assistance of Dr. Robert I. Winner, Ph.D., the expert appointed under this agreement.
FINDINGS OF FACT
1. Plaintiff SAS Institute, Inc. is a North Carolina corporation which markets a computer programming system for performing statistical analysis under the registered trademark “SAS.” SAS presently operates only on IBM computers, and IBM-compatible computers offered by several other companies.
2. The Institute is testing a version of SAS to operate on VAX computers manufactured by Digital Equipment Corporation [DEC]. The Institute decided to develop a VAX version of SAS in response to SAS user desires. The Institute annually distributed “software ballots” to its users, seeking suggestions for enhancements to SAS. After the desire for non-IBM versions of SAS appeared as a strong user desire for two successive years, the Institute in 1981 commenced such a project. The VAX version of SAS has been distributed to over 200 so-called “beta test” sites. Beta testing is the final phase of operational testing prior to actual production release.
3. SAS has been marketed over the years in a series of successively more advanced editions or “releases,” each identified by a unique number. This action primarily involves SAS Release 79.5. SAS 79.5, released in March, 1981, was the result of an extensive development process growing out of earlier SAS releases, particularly SAS 76.2, released in July, 1976.
4. The development process which led to SAS 79.5 required approximately five years, and more than 18 man-years of labor. Exhibit P-38. This process included both the addition of new procedures and major enhancements to existing procedures in SAS. One of the Institute’s expert witnesses, Dr. David Peterson, testified that approximately 67% of the lines of computer program source code contained in SAS 79.5 are “new,” that is, not carried over from SAS 76.2. S & H’s only expert, Alan Merten, agreed with the substance of Dr. Peterson’s testimony in this regard, his estimate of the number of lines of new source code (70%) differing by at most a few percentage points.
5. The source code for a computer program is the series of instructions to the computer for carrying out the various tasks which are performed by the program, expressed in a programming language which is easily comprehensible to appropriately trained human beings. The source code serves two functions. First, it can be treated as comparable to text material, and in that respect can be printed out, read and studied, and loaded into a computer’s memory, in much the same way that documents are loaded into word processing equipment. Second, the source code can be used to cause the computer to execute the program. To accomplish this, the source code is “compiled.” This involves an automatic process, performed by the computer under the control of a program called a “compiler,” which translates the source code into “object code,” which is very difficult to comprehend by human beings. The object code version of the program is then loaded into the computer’s memory and causes the computer to carry out the program function.
6. Although S & H argued that lines of new source code might have represented trivial or functionally' insignificant alterations, the Institute’s president, Dr. James Goodnight, testified that SAS source code was not changed except for significant functional purposes. Both Dr. Goodnight and Dr. Peterson testified that every functional change or enhancement in a computer program must be accomplished by the addition or insertion of new source code. The Institute’s evidence that substantial new portions, including totally new procedures and new blocks of source code in existing procedures, were added in SAS 79.5 was not rebutted, and is accepted by the Court.
7. The Court finds that SAS 79.5 contained numerous and substantial additions, enhancements, revisions, and other new material not contained in SAS 76.2, and that this material taken as a whole qualified SAS 79.5 as an “original work of authorship” under the Copyright Act of 1976, as amended.
8. The Copyright Office of the United States Library of Congress issued copyright registration no. TXU 96-620, effective June 23, 1982, which on its face is applicable to SAS Release 79.5 and lists the Institute as the owner of copyright. Exhibit P-2. This copyright registration has not been revoked or otherwise altered.
9. The Institute does not sell copies of SAS. Rather, it markets SAS through individual contracts with each customer, under which the customer is licensed to use SAS in accordance with the terms and conditions of the license agreement. This case primarily involves a license agreement between the Institute and S & H, a Tennessee corporation located in Nashville, Tennessee.
10. The events leading to the licensing of SAS by S & H were initiated by a small group of faculty and staff at Vanderbilt University in Nashville. Charles Federspiel, a professor of biostatistics, was engaged in early 1981 in research for which he required sophisticated statistical computing capabilities, such as are provided by SAS. After very brief investigation, Federspiel learned that SAS was available only for IBM or IBM-compatible computers. Vanderbilt did not have such computers. Federspiel’s department did have a DEC VAX computer, on which SAS could not be executed.
11. Federspiel did not investigate the cost or feasibility of acquisition of IBM or IBM-compatible computers by Vanderbilt, nor did he investigate the feasibility of obtaining the use of SAS from another computer facility. In fact, SAS is widely available, both from commercial computer timesharing companies, and from other university computing centers. Exhibit D-ll, p. 4. Federspiel made no efforts to investigate any other way of obtaining the use of SAS. '
12. Federspiel discussed his desire to obtain the capabilities of SAS with two of his colleagues, William Vaughn and Wayne Ray, as well as with a part-time employee of the Vanderbilt University Computer Center, Phillip Sherrod. As Federspiel was aware at the time, Sherrod was also employed by S & H, and soon thereafter, Sherrod left the employ of the University to work full-time for S & H.
13. This group, together with Harry Sanders, the president of S & H, discussed the desirability of developing and marketing a statistical analysis package having capabilities comparable to SAS. Sherrod and Ray took some preliminary steps toward the design of a “state of the art” package, which they named PASQUEL. Their intent was that PASQUEL be an original work, not based on or similar to any existing statistical package. However, after determining that marketing such a package would be difficult, as compared with a package modeled after SAS, the PASQUEL effort was abandoned in the summer of 1981.
14. Soon thereafter, the decision was made to develop a conversion of SAS that would operate on VAX computers. The new product would be “portable,” that is, it could be transported to and executed on computers other than the IBM equipment for which SAS was designed. Since it was then their understanding that the Institute had no interest in developing non-IBM versions of SAS (the Institute having not yet announced its upcoming VAX version of SAS), it was their hope that once their conversion was complete, the Institute would embrace it, and join in joint marketing, user education, and support efforts.
15. Federspiel, Vaughn and Ray each desired to benefit financially from their participation in the SAS conversion project. However, they were employed full-time by Vanderbilt University, and thus could not become employees of S & H. They therefore organized a Tennessee limited partnership under the name “Portable Statistical Analysis Systems, Ltd.,” sometimes referred to as “PSAS, Ltd.” Exhibit P-3. Federspiel, Vaughn and Ray were the limited partners in the partnership, and S & H was the general partner.
16. The partnership then executed a Development Agreement with S & H. Exhibit P-4. Under the Agreement, S & H was to develop “a set of computer programs, which provide integrated statistical analysis similar to an existing statistical system known as ‘SAS’ (Statistical Analysis System),” following which the partnership would purchase all rights to the product for a price slightly more than 114% of development costs, to be financed by S & H. The result was that proceeds from the marketing of the portable SAS conversion would go first, to S & H until it had recouped its development costs plus a profit, and thereafter, to the partnership and through it to Federspiel, Vaughn and Ray.
17. Immediately after deciding to abandon the PASQUEL project, S & H decided to obtain a license to use SAS. S & H’s primary purpose in obtaining the license was to obtain detailed technical information not otherwise available for use in the preparation of its conversion of SAS to run on VAX computers.
18. Contemporaneous notes prepared by S & H indicate that it required SAS source code for its project, which is referred to in the notes as a “eonversion-fully compatible.” Exhibit P-19. The notes also show that S & H planned to seek from the Institute all of the source code for SAS, additional technical assistance, and marketing and publication assistance. According to the notes, S & H intended to seek “exclusive rights to [the] VAX version,” and “royalty on use of converted code for other machines.” These desires were never communicated to the Institute.
19. Even before licensing SAS, S & H had made preliminary contact with DEC, the manufacturer of the VAX, with respect to its planned statistical package. S & H first contacted DEC employee Stephen Nagy in the spring of 1981.
20. Mr. Nagy testified that S & H contacted him again in September or October, 1981, after S & H had licensed SAS. At that time, S & H described its product as a “conversion” of SAS, and that that it would release the product to the market in the spring of 1982. Nagy expressed his concern as to the legality of S & H’s product, and S & H responded that it had received legal advice that its conduct was proper. S & H has never disclosed the source or content of any such legal advice.
21. In January, 1982, Nagy told S & H that DEC would not consider any arrangement with respect to the S & H product until its legal status was clarified. There has been no subsequent contacts between S & H and Nagy or DEC.
22. S & H presented testimony at trial, including but not limited to testimony by Mr. Sherrod and Mr. Ray, that its intent at the time of acquiring the license was solely to execute SAS in accordance with the license, running statistical analyses on test data, so that the results produced by SAS could be compared with the results produced by the S & H product. However, undisputed evidence discussed below demonstrates that immediately upon receiving SAS, S & H used it in ways inconsistent with this trial testimony. In view of these facts, as well as the demeanor of the witnesses on the stand, the Court disbelieves the S & H testimony with respect to its purpose in licensing SAS. The Court concludes that S & H’s purpose in licensing SAS was to obtain SAS source code for use in the preparation of its product, in the manner discussed below.
23. With a view to obtaining a SAS license, S & H contacted the Institute. Its purpose in acquiring the license was not disclosed. This fact was material, and had S & H disclosed its true purpose, the Institute would not have licensed SAS to S & H.
24. In its first communication with the Institute, S & H specifically inquired as to whether SAS materials distributed to licensees included the source code for SAS.
25. In August, 1981, the parties executed a license agreement under which S & H was authorized to use SAS, but only on a specifically identified IBM computer located at Tennessee State University in Nashville. Exhibit P-1. S & H paid a $4,500 license fee. The license agreement prohibited S & H from further distribution of SAS, from allowing timesharing use of SAS, and from making copies of SAS except for backup purposes. The license agreement permitted S & H to modify SAS, but only for its own use, and to employ SAS as part of an updated work, but no redistribution of such an updated work was allowed. The license agreement granted to S & H only those rights enumerated in the agreement.
26. At the time S & H executed the license agreement, it intended to use SAS in ways contrary to the terms of that agreement (as it subsequently did). That intention was not disclosed to the Institute, and had it been disclosed, the Institute would not have licensed SAS to S & H.
27. Shortly after executing the license agreement, S & H received the SAS distribution package. This included a magnetic tape containing the complete object code for SAS, and the source code for those portions of SAS which perform the various statistical analyses, as well as for portions which constitute the “linkage” between the supervisor and statistical procedures. SAS is divided into three parts consisting of statistical analyses, linkage and supervisor. The statistical analyses and supervisor form a very high fraction of the total and they are of approximately equal size. The SAS distribution package did not include the supervisor portion of the source code. Immediately upon receiving the tape, S & H made a backup copy of the tape, as authorized by the license agreement.
28. S & H then transported one of the tapes to Vanderbilt University, where its contents were loaded onto the VAX computer located in Federspiel’s department. Because SAS could not be executed on the VAX, only those portions of the tape containing source code for SAS were loaded. However, VAX computers store text by means of a different scheme of numeric coding (acronym “ASCII”) than that used on IBM computers (acronym “EBCDIC”). Hence, in order to load the SAS source code onto the VAX, S & H found it necessary to translate from the IBM coding scheme to the VAX coding scheme. The result of this process was the creation on a disk storage device attached to the VAX computer of an exact copy of the SAS source code, using the VAX coding scheme. This copy was not intended, and could not be used, for backup purposes on the IBM computer, and thus was not authorized by the license agreement.
29. Since SAS could not be executed on the VAX computer, the loading of SAS source code onto the VAX could not have been for the purpose of executing test runs of SAS, as testified by S & H. This conduct, admitted by S & H, supports the Court’s conclusion that S & H licensed SAS for the purpose of examining SAS source code in connection with the preparation of its conversion of SAS to run on VAX computers.
30. Once having loaded SAS source code onto the VAX computer, that source code was available for examination and study to all S & H employees and consultants working on its conversion project. Printouts of the SAS source code were made available on demand to S & H’s programmers, and could be made by those programmers themselves on an unlimited basis. In addition, through video screen terminals located at S & H’s office and connected to the Vanderbilt VAX, S & H’s programmers were able to call up any desired portion of the SAS source code on the screens. Each S & H programmer had access to that portion (the non-supervisor part) of the SAS source code stored on the VAX.
31. In addition to storing the SAS source code, the VAX was capable of editing the source code, through the use of a “text editor.” This capability, available on a unlimited basis to all S & H programmers, allowed them to manipulate the SAS source code much as a word processor is able to do. It is possible to select particular lines or groups of lines for editing, to rearrange or move single lines or blocks of lines of code, and to make any desired change in single lines or blocks of lines of code. These text editing capabilities were also used by S & H for the development of its SAS conversion.
32. The use by S & H of the Vanderbilt VAX was billed to S & H under the account name “SAS.” This name was provided to Vanderbilt for billing purposes by S & H.
33. The Court finds that the SAS source code was extensively and systematically used by S & H in the preparation of S & H’s product. The specific grounds for this finding are detailed below.
34. One of the Institute’s experts, Dr. Peterson, testified that it was his expert opinion that early source code for the S & H product was substantially similar to the source code for SAS. The Court finds his testimony credible, and accepts it.
35. Dr. Peterson’s opinion was supported in part by some 44 specific instances identified by him in which the S & H product showed evidence of direct copying from SAS. These examples are summarized in Exhibit P-27.
36. S & H’s expert, Dr. Merten, did not disagree with Dr. Peterson’s factual observations, with the possible exception of three out of the 44 examples found by Dr. Peterson (which he viewed as “misunderstandings” of the S & H product). Although Dr. Merten drew the conclusion that the more than 40 examples were not evidence of copying, this conclusion is entitled to little or no weight. Dr. Merten testified that it was based on his evaluation of the credibility of S & H programmers with whom he discussed the matter, and his decision to believe their statements. This Court by contrast has found testimony presented by S & H programmers to be not credible. In addition, one of the S & H programmers on whose credibility Dr. Merten relied was not produced by S & H to give testimony at trial. This programmer, Frank Kyle, was the author of the S & H “TTEST” procedure, in which Dr. Peterson found clear evidence of copying. Exhibits P-26, P-27, Ex. 42-44. The Court draws the inference that his testimony would not have been favorable to S & H, further weakening S & H’s case, and further undercutting Dr. Merten’s conclusion. Furthermore, at least 18 of the examples provided by Dr. Peterson were described by Dr. Merten himself as “similar to” SAS source code or documentation. Exhibit P-29.
37. The Institute’s other expert, Prof. William Kennedy, testified to the substantial similarity between a key portion of the S & H source code, the “GLM” procedure, and the comparable SAS source code. Dr. Merten did not offer an opinion in this regard. The only contrary evidence introduced by S & H was testimony by Wayne Ray, the author of the S & H GLM procedure. This testimony was not credible.
38. S & H argued at trial that the 44 examples of copying presented by Dr. Peterson were trivial, in the context of the claimed 186,000 total lines of source code in S & H’s product. The Court cannot accept this argument.
39. As part of early efforts to resolve this dispute, S & H permitted two employees of the Institute, including its president and one of the principle authors of SAS, Dr. Goodnight, to examine printouts of portions of the source code for the S & H product on July 12, 1982. Dr. Goodnight testified at trial that during that examination, he observed numerous instances of literal, near literal and organizational copying from SAS. Subsequently, the Institute informed S & H of these findings. Exhibit D-13. The Court finds Dr. Goodnight’s testimony to be credible, and accepts it.
40. Within the next few days, S & H destroyed those printouts.
41. It was established by the Institute, and not rebutted, that the S & H source code examined on July 12, 1982, could not be reproduced as it existed on that date. Dr. Peterson, forced to work with surviving fragments of S & H code, confirmed some but not all of Dr. Goodnight’s testimony. The Court concludes that were complete printouts of the July 12,1982, version of the S & H product available, they would support Dr. Goodnight’s testimony.
42. The Court’s conclusions are still further strengthened by conduct of S & H before the confidentiality order was entered. Dr. Peterson testified to numerous instances in which examples of copying which were present in the S & H product at the time of the July, 1982, inspection were altered between that time and the commencement of the reports to Dr. Winner. The effect in each instance was to make the S & H source code appear on its face to be less similar to SAS. In many of these instances, no functional reason for the change could be suggested by Dr. Peterson, Dr. Merten, or S & H.
43. Certain such examples are particularly striking. In December of 1981, the S & H product was programmed so as to print at the beginning of its output the label, “Statistical Analysis System,” using the same title and in the same style as displayed by SAS itself. Subsequently, this caption was changed after S & H altered the name of its product. Exhibit P-26, Ex. 40.
44. Another striking example is the use in early versions of S & H’s product of the name “SAS” in at least 145 separate lines of source code. Dr. Peterson demonstrated, and the Court accepts as true, that at some point the VAX text editor was used to systematically change each such occurrence, either by eliminating it entirely or by changing the term “SAS” to a different term. Exhibit P-26, Ex. 27. Such changes are easy to accomplish, and require only seconds through the use of a text editor. The results of the changes left in many instances ungrammatical or incoherent statements in the S & H source code. In one instance, the result was to alter a reference to SAS, but to leave intact a reference to SAS documentation. The Court thus concludes that these changes do not represent any effort to improve the S & H product, but rather represent an effort to mask and disguise evidence of copying.
45. Further evidence of the use of and copying from SAS source code is found in a document prepared by S & H and distributed to its programmers, purporting to set forth coding standards to be used by them in preparing the S & H product. Exhibit P-5. This document, prepared by S & H on a VAX computer, is headed "SAS—STAN-DARDS—TXT; 11-SAS,” and its capitalized title is “Coding Standards for the Portable SAS Implementation.” The document instructed the S & H programmers to select “driver routine” names “as close as possible” to the equivalent SAS names. Those names are internal to the source code, and are not visible to a user. S & H programmers were required to describe “any differences between the implementation of [each] procedure and the corresponding SAS implementation.” Such information could be learned only by close examination of the SAS source code. S & H programmers were specifically instructed not to use a particular routine from SAS; “the VARY subroutine, documented in the SAS programmer’s guide, should not be used....” This document further demonstrates that the modular structure of INDAS (the S & H product) was not developed independently, but was specifically intended to duplicate that of SAS.
46. Still more support for the Court’s conclusion is found in the lack of design documentation for the S & H product. As noted above, the S & H personnel originally contemplated an original statistical package to be known as PASQUEL, and actually produced preliminary design documentation for that system. That project was abandoned. No comparable design documentation was ever prepared for the subsequent S & H product. The evidence at trial demonstrated, and the Court finds, that S & H prepared no design documentation at any time for its product. On the contrary, the Court finds that S & H adopted SAS, wholesale and in detail, as the design documentation for its product.
47. The argument put forward at trial by S & H, that a document known as “DOCOUT” (Exhibit D-45) was the design document for its product, is not credible and is not accepted by the Court. This document is in fact an extraction from the S & H product of lines of source code considered as “comments” describing the functioning of the accompanying code. The DOCOUT document could not have been produced until after those comments were prepared. These comments are organized into a structure of programs and sub-programs similar to that of SAS. Therefore, the Court finds a large part of the design of INDAS to have been appropriated from the SAS source code prior to and during the preparation of DOCOUT.
48. The Court particularly notes that the DOCOUT document deals largely if not entirely with “interface routines.” These are the portions of the S & H product which deal with the inter-relationship between the “supervisor” portion and the “procedure” portions of the product. Dr. Merten testified that of 70 interface routines contained in SAS, 69 were included in the S & H product. The Court accordingly specifically finds that the interface routines of the S & H product were based on and derived from SAS.
49. Although the distribution tape for SAS provided to S & H did not contain source code for the supervisor portion of SAS, the Court cannot find that S & H produced its supervisor through independent design efforts. There was, as noted, no design document ever produced by S & H for its supervisor. In addition, the S & H supervisor contains the interface routines, as described above, which were derived from SAS copyrighted interface routines, to which S & H had access.
50. Additional telling evidence of copying with respect to the S & H product relates to the existence of “undocumented options.” These are elements of the SAS user language, the set of commands and instructions employed by a SAS user in order to cause the SAS program to perform a particular set of statistical analyses. Certain options and other features of the SAS user language are not described or documented in any SAS publication, and thus their very existence can be learned only by close examination of the SAS source code.
51. An example will help illustrate the significance of this point. During the development of SAS 79.5, there was concern about the amount of time required for the computer to perform certain calculations. In order to evaluate this, Dr. Goodnight provided in the SAS source code for a user to include the option, “OBSTIME” in his commands to SAS to perform a particular statistical analysis. After testing, the option was deleted, except for one overlooked reference. The existence of this option was never disclosed outside the Institute, and it never appeared in any SAS user manual or other documentation. Only a vestigial and non-functional remnant of the employment of “OBSTIME” appears in the released SAS 79.5 code, and Dr. Goodnight had entirely forgotten its existence prior to this litigation.
52. When Dr. Peterson examined the S & H source code, he discovered in it a totally functionless appearance of “OBS-TIME,” exactly comparable to the vestige remaining in SAS. Exhibits P-26, P-27, Ex. 8. The only conceivable explanation is that S & H copied this non-functional feature from the SAS 79.5 source code. A second such example was provided by Dr. Peterson as his Example 38.
53. S & H admitted at trial that it specifically sought out, through the use of computer programs specially prepared by S & H for this purpose, each such undocumented option or other feature contained in the SAS source code. Each undocumented option or features located by S & H was then carefully and precisely reproduced in the S & H source code.
54. The argument put forward by S & H at trial that its actions were necessary in order to obtain “upward compatibility” with SAS. Specifically, Dr. Merten testified that the creation of compatible software is a common practice in the computer software industry. By this, Dr. Merten meant the original creation of a computer program which will perform the same overall task as an existing program. However, Dr. Merten did not suggest that this practice extends to the preparation of such software through the misuse of proprietary and copyrighted materials, as was done by 5 & H in this instance.
55. Still additional evidence of the use and copying of SAS materials by S & H is found in the organizational patterns used by S & H. At the origin of its project, all S 6 H programmers had access to the entirety of SAS source code and other materials. Mr. Sherrod and Dr. Ray later changed this practice, so that individual programmers would be assigned a particular, narrow task, and provided only that information relevant to the task.
56. For example, Beth Barnwell testified that she was provided a specific statement of the task to be performed by a program module, and was given information as to the ways in which that module of code would interface with the remainder of the S & H product. She was not provided information as to the source of that material.
57. It was Mr. Sherrod and Dr. Ray who provided her with that information, information which in fact was derived and copied from SAS. Sherrod and Ray in fact wrote the source code for the routines which would link Barnwell’s modules to the remainder of the S & H product. Their protestations to the contrary have already been found by the Court to be not credible and are not believed. By placing themselves at the hub of the S & H wheel, and carefully controlling the information provided to the programmers at the spokes, Sherrod and Ray hid from the very people involved the extent to which their work was derived from SAS. Thus, the testimony of other S & H programmers, while perhaps true to the best of their knowledge, is in the end unpersuasive.
58. The Court further finds that, to the extent that S & H copied from the SAS source code and other copyrighted SAS materials, such copying was of expression, and not merely of ideas.
59. The testimony of Dr. Goodnight, one of the principal authors of SAS, as well as both the Institute’s and S & H’s experts, was that throughout the preparation of a complicated computer program such as SAS, the author is faced with a virtually endless series of decisions as to how to carry out the assigned task. Beginning with a broad and general statement of the overall purpose of the program, the author must decide how to break the assigned task into smaller tasks, each of which must in turn be broken down into successively smaller and more detailed tasks. At the lowest levels the detailed tasks are then programmed in source code. At every level, the process is characterized by choice, often made arbitrarily, and only occasionally dictated by necessity. Even in the case of simple statistical calculations, there is room for variation, such as the order in which arithmetic operations are performed. S & H itself presented evidence that there are at least two substantially different ways of programming the “MEANS” procedure, one of the simplest statistical analyses. As the sophistication of the calculation increases, so does the opportunity for variation of expression.
60. S & H presented no evidence that the functional abilities, ideas, methods, and processes of SAS could be expressed in only very limited ways. On the contrary, the Court finds that to the extent that similarities between SAS and the S & H product have existed, they represent unnecessary, intentional duplication of expression.
61. The Institute’s testimony, including that of Dr. Goodnight, Dr. Peterson and Prof. Kennedy, established that the S & H program follows the organizational structure of SAS, down to a detailed level. This testimony was not rebutted, except for conclusory denials of copying by Sherrod and Ray, which the Court has found not credible.
62. An illustration is Dr. Peterson’s Example 29, concerning the “MEANS” procedure. Dr. Peterson testified that S & H employed a very close paraphrase of the SAS structure and organization. However, Dr. Peterson demonstrated that S & H included a particular logical test (an “IF” statement in source code) which, due to an apparently unrelated change made by S & H, is totally functionless. The inclusion of this statement by S & H can be explained only as a result of slavish copying of structural detail.
63. S & H argued at trial that its approach was essentially to adopt the SAS organizational scheme, but to write the actual program code for each of the lowest level tasks independently of the actual SAS code used to accomplish that task. Even were the Court to accept the S & H testimony as credible, which it does not, the method described is strikingly similar to that described in Meredith Corporation v. Harper & Row Publishers, Inc., 378 F.Supp. 686 (S.D.N.Y.), aff’d., 500 F.2d 1221 (2d Cir.1974), opinion after trial, 413 F.Supp. 385 (S.D.N.Y.1975). That court found a process by which a textbook was outlined by certain employees of the defendant, the outlines were distributed to other personnel, and they wrote “original” text based on the outlines, resulted in duplication of expression, and not merely of ideas.
64. This result is also supported by Synercom Technology, Inc. v. University Computing Co., 462 F.Supp. 1003 (N.D.Texas 1978), the principle authority upon which S & H relies. Synercom noted that the programming in source code of a detailed English-language statement of a problem solution would result in duplication of expression and copyright infringement; here, S & H has taken the simpler route of copying directly from SAS source code.
65. On the evidence presented at trial, the Court finds that the actual method employed by S & H was not the method described in its testimony. Rather, it is clear that S & H’s programmers actually referred and relied, systematically and pervasively, on the SAS source code and other proprietary and copyrighted materials. This is the only rational inference to be drawn from the nature and scope of the similarities demonstrated at trial, from the admitted conduct of S & H both prior to and during this litigation, from the deliberate non-disclosure by S & H of its intent in licensing SAS, from S & H’s expressed desire that its product be adopted by the Institute as the VAX version of SAS, from 5 & H’s use of the name “SAS” in connection with its product, from S & H’s original intention to use “PSAS” as the trademark and marketing name of its product (see Exhibit P-9), from S & H’s own description of its product as a “conversion” of and as “modeled after” SAS (Exhibits P-11, P-14), and from S & H’s stubborn insistence at trial on an incredible story.
66. The advantage derived by S & H from its use and misuse of SAS materials was not limited to its copying and derivation from those materials. By expropriating a completed and proven design, S & H was saved the substantial time and effort to developing its own original design. Because the structure of SAS was proven, S 6 H was able to avoid the risk and expense of false starts, dead ends, re-designs, and other fruitless efforts. S & H’s conduct is analogous to stealing the blueprints for a skyscraper, thus avoiding the labor and expense of engineering studies, structural analysis, and innumerable design decisions. The extent of this advantage achieved by S & H is difficult to estimate with precision, but was clearly substantial.
CONCLUSIONS OF LAW
I. Validity of Copyright in SAS 79.5.
The copyright registration certificate for SAS Release 79.5, Exhibit P-2, is prima facie proof of the validity of the copyright. 17 U.S.C. § 410(c). The burden of overcoming this presumption of validity is on S & H, Williams Electronics, Inc. v. Artie International, Inc., 685 F.2d 870 (3d Cir.1982). The only reason S & H has suggested why the copyright might be invalid is the relationship between SAS 79.5 and earlier releases of SAS, particularly Release 76.2. The Court has found, as a matter of fact, that SAS 79.5 represents overwhelmingly a new and original work of authorship, above and beyond the pre-existing work contained in earlier release of SAS. Accordingly, the copyright in SAS 79.5 is valid and fully enforceable. 17 U.S.C. § 103(a) (subject matter of copyright included derivative works), § 101 (definition of derivative work). This is so regardless of whether SAS 76.2 is or is not in the public domain. In connection with earlier summary judgment motions, the Court held that SAS release 76.2 was in the public domain.
S & H has argued, although this point was never raised in the pleadings, that enforcement of the Institute’s copyright should be denied on the grounds of unclean hands or fraud on the Copyright Office. However, S & H has not demonstrated any withholding by the Institute of information which might have resulted in denial of registration, nor has S & H shown that it or anyone else was in any way misled by the Institute’s registration application. Accordingly, the purposes of the statutory registration requirement have been met, and the S & H argument must be rejected. Midway Mfg. Co. v. Artic International, Inc., 547 F.Supp. 999, 1009-10 (N.D.Ill.1982), aff’d, 704 F.2d 1009 (7th Cir.1983).
II. The Institute’s Contract Claims.
The Court has previously ruled in connection with the Institute’s first motion for partial summary judgment that S & H violated the specific terms of the license agreement. These violations included the use of SAS on an unauthorized CPU, the creation of unauthorized copies of SAS, and the use of SAS subsequent to the proper termination of the license agreement by the Institute on June 3, 1982. Exhibit D-29. The Court’s memorandum opinion issued on July 25, 1983, indicated that these rulings were dependent upon proof of the validity of the copyright in SAS 79.5. Copyright validity having been found, the Court’s findings with respect to breach of contract and termination of license agreement are hereby adopted and incorporated, and are made unconditional. The Court notes the Institute’s argument that it was not necessary for the Court to make those rulings conditional, as the license agreement is valid and enforceable even in the absence of a valid copyright. However, since the Court has found copyright validity, it need not reach that question.
In the summary judgment ruling, the Court did not reach the Institute’s claim that S & H also violated an implied covenant in the license agreement. There can be no doubt that the license agreement between the Institute and S & H included implied duties of good faith and fair dealing. “Every contract imposes upon each party a duty of good faith and fair dealing in its performance and its enforcement.” Restatement (Second) of Contracts, § 205 (1979). The precise scope of the covenant must be considered with respect to the facts of each case. “Good faith performance or enforcement of a contract emphasizes faithfulness to an agreed common purpose and consistency with the justified expectations of the other party.... Subterfuges and evasions violate the obligation of good faith in performance even though the actor believes his conduct to be justified.... [T]ypes of bad faith [include] evasion of the spirit of the bargain [and] willful rendering of imperfect performance....” Id., Comments a, d.
The content of this implied covenant has been considered previously by the courts in the context of copyright licenses. Professor Nimmer states the rule that a licensee violates the covenant “by creating a new work based upon the same idea, theme, or title, even if a stranger could create a new work with such idea, theme or title without infringing the grantor’s copyright.” 3 Nimmer on Copyright § 10.11[B] (1983). S & H correctly points out that this is true where a licensee has a duty to promote the work, such as a publisher. However, S & H fails to persuade the Court that the covenant is limited to those situations.
On the contrary, S & H ignores cases such as Uproar Co. v. National Broadcasting Co., 81 F.2d 373 (1st Cir.1935), cert. denied, 298 U.S. 670, 56 S.Ct. 835, 80 L.Ed. 1393 (1936), cited by the Institute. In Uproar, a comedian was engaged to write and perform radio broadcasts; he subsequently published and sold the scripts. The District Court held this to violate the implied covenant, and the Court of Appeals affirmed. “The principle is well established: ‘That in every contract there is an implied covenant that neither party shall do anything which will have the effect of destroying or injuring the right of the other party to receive the fruits of the contract, which means that in every contract there exists an implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing.’ ” 81 F.2d at 376-77, quoting Kirke La Shelle Co. v. Paul Armstrong Co., 263 N.Y. 79, 188 N.E. 163, 164 (1933), also relied on by the Institute.
In County of Ventura v. Blackburn, 362 F.2d 515 (9th Cir.1966), the same result was reached in the context of a license to reproduce and sell copyrighted maps. The District Court held “That the contract implicitly requires the [licensee] to exercise good faith in the performance thereof and to do nothing whatsoever that would injure or destroy the value of the copyright to the [licensor] and that the [licensor], reciprocally has the same duty to the [licensee] with respect to the subject matter of said contract.” 362 F.2d at 918. The Court of Appeals remanded the case with respect to damages, and affirmed “in all other respects,” id. at 522. Cf. Manners v. Morosco, 252 U.S. 317, 327, 40 S.Ct. 335, 336, 64 L.Ed. 590 (1920) (enjoining licensee of play from producing motion picture version, conditioned on licensor not doing so while license in effect); Harper Bros. v. Klaw, 232 F. 609, 613 (S.D.N.Y.1916) (“negative covenant” implied; the “law is analogous to that which implies, from a covenant to make a certain use of property, a covenant negative against doing anything else with it”).
In short, although it may be true, as S & H argues in its trial brief, that it “has never agreed, impliedly or expressly, not to produce a piece of statistical software designed to operate on VAX Computers,” it did agree as a matter of law not to use proprietary SAS materials in the process, as it did. S & H’s conduct cannot be said to comply with its legal duty of good faith and fair dealing.
III. The Institute’s Claim of Copyright Infringement.
The Institute’s copyright claim has two components. First, the Institute claims that in the course of preparing its product, 5 & H made an unknown number of unauthorized, and thus infringing, exact copies of some or all of the SAS source code, as well as engaging in other unauthorized, infringing conduct. Second, the Institute claims that the S & H product itself is either a “copy” of, or a “derivative work” based upon, SAS, in either case making it an infringing work. The claim is that the S 6 H product, while perhaps containing some original elements, was in substantial part produced by copying or derivation from SAS.
The first claim was decided in the Institute’s favor in connection with the Institute’s first motion for partial summary judgment. The Court there found, subject only to proof of validity of the copyright in SAS 79.5, that S & H’s use of SAS on an unauthorized computer, the making of innumerable copies for unauthorized purposes, and any use whatsoever of SAS following the lawful termination of the license agreement by the Institute constitute copyright infringement. Gilliam v. American Broadcasting Companies, Inc., 538 F.2d 14 (2d Cir.1976); National Bank of Commerce v. Shaklee Corporation, 503 F.Supp. 533 (W.D.Texas 1980). The Court has found above that the Institute’s copyright in SAS 79.5 is indeed valid. Accordingly, the findings of the Court on the summary judgment motion are hereby adopted and incorporated, and are made unconditional.
The Institute’s second claim was also discussed, although not decided, in connection with the summary judgment motions. As the Court there noted, the critical issue is whether S & H appropriated from SAS only ideas and concepts, or whether it also appropriated expression. This decision, difficult and ad hoc in any case, see Peter Pan Fabrics, Inc. v. Martin Weiner Corp., 274 F.2d 487, 489 (2d Cir.1960), is particularly difficult in the case of complex computer software. As stated by the National Commission on New Technological Uses of Copyrighted Works [CONTU] in its final report, “one is always free to make the machine do the same thing as it would if it had the copyrighted work placed in it, but only by one’s own creative effort rather than by piracy.” The Court observed in connection with the Institute’s summary judgment motion that if it succeeded in proving its allegations, then the Institute would be entitled to recover on this claim. The Court must now decide whether the Institute has sufficiently proven those allegations.
In this case under the Copyright Act, the Court starts with the statute itself. See generally Apple Computer, Inc. v. Franklin Computer Corporation, 714 F.2d 1240 (3d Cir.1983). Section 501(a) of the Act (references are to Title 17, U.S.C.) defines copyright infringement: “Any one who violates any of the exclusive rights of the copyright owner as provided by Sections 106 through 118 ... is an infringer of the copyright.” Under section 106, “the owner of copyright under this title has the exclusive rights to do and to authorize any of the following: (1) to reproduce the copyrighted work in copies or phonorecords; (2) to prepare derivative works based upon the copyrighted work....” Since it is undisputed that the use of SAS in the preparation of the S & H product was not authorized by the Institute, the only question is whether that product constitutes a “copy” or a “derivative work” based upon SAS.
The term “copies” is defined in section 101 of the Act as “material objects, other than phonorecords, in which a work is fixed by any method now known or later developed, and from which the work can be perceived, reproduced, or otherwise communicated, either directly or with the aid of a machine or device.” This definition, obviously, is focused on the “fixation” requirement, rather than on the degree of similarity which must be shown to establish that a challenged work is a “copy.” The Court therefore must fall back upon judicial construction of this term, and concludes that it must determine whether or not the S & H product is “substantially similar” to SAS. Substantial similarity, of course, does not require literal identity; “a play may be pirated without using the dialogue.” Sheldon v. Metro-Goldwyn Pictures Corp., 81 F.2d 49, 55 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 298 U.S. 669, 56 S.Ct. 835, 80 L.Ed. 1392 (1936).
It is not disputed that there are many similarities between the S & H product and SAS. Even S & H’s expert agreed that at least 18 of Dr. Peterson’s examples show clear similarity. S & H argues, however, that such similarities as have been demonstrated are similarities of idea rather than of expression, and that in any event, Dr. Peterson’s examples of copying are so few and far between as to be as a matter of law trivial and insufficient to establish substantial similarity. Whether the similarities shown between the S & H product and SAS are similarities of idea or expression is a question of fact. Goodson-Todman Enterprises, Ltd. v. Kellogg Company, 513 F.2d 913 (9th Cir.1975). The Court has found as a matter of fact that the expression, and not merely the ideas, of SAS was duplicated, and thus this branch of the test is satisfied.
The question of the substantiality of the similarity is also a question of fact; the piracy of even a quantitatively small fragment (“a rose by any other name would smell as sweet”) may be qualitatively substantial. Roy Export Company Establishment v. Columbia Broadcasting System, Inc., 503 F.Supp. 1137, 1145 (S.D.N.Y.1980), aff’d, 672 F.2d 1095 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 826, 103 S.Ct. 60, 74 L.Ed.2d 63 (1982). It certainly cannot be said that 44 specific examples of copying as a matter of law are insubstantial. Furthermore, the Court has found as a matter of fact that evidence of copying was much more extensive, before S & H embarked upon its program of destroying and masking evidence and disguising its conduct.
In addition, the copying proven at trial does not affect only the specific lines of code cited by Dr. Peterson in his testimony. Rather, to the extent that it represents copying of the organization and structural details of SAS, such copying pervades the entire S & H product. In this respect, the Court finds persuasive the reasoning of Meredith Corporation v. Harper & Row Publishers, Inc., supra:
Passing the issue of whether an admitted substantial infringer is entitled to Court review of every corner of the infringing book for the purpose of excising the plagiarized portions from those which are not, the simple answer to the contention raised is that the record demonstrates and I find ... an extensive taking of the structure and topical sequence of the Mussen book in addition to the eleven percent of the Meredith book admittedly plagiarized.... Thus I conclude that while the Meredith text contains some independent ideas of the author, some independent research, some additional topics and some different structure, the topic selection and arrangement of the Meredith book are in substantial part the result of copying of the Mussen book not attributable to independent effort by Meredith or the necessary result of limited possibilities for organizing and presenting the material to be covered.... The copying thus affects the entire text and not just the eleven percent admittedly infringed. 413 F.Supp. at 386, 387 (emphasis original, citations omitted).
The facts in Meredith are also strikingly similar to the facts in this case, including the selection of a leading work in the field to serve as a model (Sherrod and Ray described their product in letters to third parties as “modeled after” SAS); the duplication by leaders of the project of the organization of the model (proven here by the testimony of Dr. Peterson and Prof. Kennedy, but hidden by Sherrod and Ray even from the programmers working under them); the actual writing by subsidiary personnel under the control of the leaders of the project; the provision of portions of the model to the actual authors (S & H programmers all had access to SAS source code, and were provided printouts on request); the performing of some original research after the duplication of the basic outline; the substitution of references in order to disguise copying; and the completion of the task in but a fraction of the time required by the original authors. I therefore conclude, as did the Meredith Court, that the works are substantially similar. The S & H product infringes the copyright in SAS 79.5.
This result follows even more clearly on the second point of the Institute’s claim. A “derivative work” is defined in the Copyright Act as “a work based upon one or more pre-existing works, such as a translation, musical arrangement, dramatization, fictionalization, motion picture version, sound recording, art reproduction, abridgement, condensation, or any other form in which a work may be re-cast, transformed or adapted.” 17 U.S.C. § 101. The definition includes “editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications, which, as a whole, represent an original work of authorship....” Thus, it is irrelevant that the S & H product may contain, as S & H argues, significant original portions contributed by S & H. The Court has found as a matter of fact that the product was substantially and pervasively “based upon” SAS.
The statute deals with human conduct, the nature of the activity which resulted in the defendant's product. There can be no doubt that, as even S & H’s expert agreed, S & H “targeted” SAS for duplication, and that it then engaged in improper conduct to achieve what S & H itself called its “conversion” of SAS. The S & H product is therefore well within the statutory definition of a derivative work, and not having been authorized by the Institute, constitutes an infringement of the Institute’s copyright. Midway Mfg. Co. v. Artic International, Inc., 704 F.2d 1009 (7th Cir.1983) (“speed-up kit” for video game, which causes characters to move in different and more complex ways, is derivative work).
S & H’s argument that it can cure its infringement by simple excision is flatly inconsistent with the statute. The argument essentially is that S & H can misappropriate every internal and external feature of a building, can then cure any impropriety by changing the tint of the windows and the color of the siding. The argument must be rejected. Tennessee Fabricating Company v. Moultrie Manufacturing Company, 421 F.2d 279 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 398 U.S. 928, 90 S.Ct. 1819, 26 L.Ed.2d 91 (1970); Davis v. E.I. duPont DeNemours & Co., 240 F.Supp. 612 (S.D.N.Y.1965).
IV. S & H’s Claims.
With respect to S & H’s claims of breach of contract and interference with contractual relations, the Court finds in favor of the Institute. S & H presented little or no evidence in support of these claims. The Institute’s conduct concerning Tennessee State University was entirely reasonable, and privileged. Restatement (Second) of torts § 772 (1979). With regard to the July, 1982, source code examination, S & H failed to demonstrate any breach of the agreement by the Institute, or any injury resulting therefrom. Judgment will enter in favor of the Institute on these claims.
V. A ttorneys ’ Fees.
The Court notes that regardless of the willfulness of S & H’s unlawful conduct, it is unable to make an award of attorneys’ fees to the Institute under the Copyright Act. 17 U.S.C. § 412.
VI. Relief.
Having decided that the' Institute is entitled to injunctive relief, the Court must determine its appropriate extent. S & H argues that the Court’s power is limited by law to ordering excision of only the specific lines of source code referred to in Dr. Peterson’s examples of copying, while the Institute argues that, since the Court is not in a position to separate the “poison” of copying from the “soup” of the S & H product, the entire product should be enjoined.
The Court starts with the premise that the appropriate scope of injunctive relief is within the sound discretion of the Court. The Copyright Act specifically authorizes final injunctive relief “on such terms as [the Court] may deem reasonable to prevent or restrain infringement of a copyright.” 17 U.S.C. § 502(a). The Court cannot accept S & H’s arguments that its discretion under this broadly-stated provision is narrowly constrained.
First, S & H argues that it has “cured” its original infringement by removing from its product the particular examples identified by Dr. Peterson. It cites cases involving motion pictures and television programs for the proposition that only the final, marketed version of the product is relevant. However, in each of those cases, the plaintiff claimed only that the final movie or TV program was “substantially similar” to the plaintiff’s prior work. None involved a claim that the production was a “derivative work” prepared in violation of section 106(2) of the Copyright Act; both the early versions of the S & H product and S & H’s efforts to destroy or alter that evidence are central to that claim.
Furthermore, evidence at trial showed that the S & H product has no “final version.” Unlike a movie or television program, a computer program lives a life of continuous change. It is constantly being edited, revised, and altered, even after marketing, and those alterations can as easily introduce infringing elements as remove them. That is especially important here, where S & H has continued to alter its program during the litigation.
The Court also notes Dr. Peterson’s testimony that his examples are by no means exhaustive, but were limited by the limited time and resources available in view of the sheer magnitude of the task. Considering the pervasive nature of the copying by S & H and S & H’s efforts to destroy, alter and disguise the evidence, the Court considers it highly doubtful that all results of copying have been, or will ever be, excised.
The Court further observes that Dr. Merten offered no opinion on the similarity between the current S & H source code and SAS. On the contrary, he testified that he has never examined S & H source code prepared since the reports to Dr. Winner began.
Second, S & H argues that the “supervisor” portion of its product is separable from the statistical procedures, and that therefore the Court cannot as a matter of law enjoin marketing of that portion. Although the Court agrees in the abstract with Professor Nimmer’s suggestion that a “defendant may be able to avoid a permanent injunction if the infringing portion of defendant’s work can be removed without destroying the usefulness of the remainder of the work,” 3 Nimmer on Copyright § 14.06[B] at 15-54, the argument here founders on the facts.
Much of the testimony concerning copying and derivation concerned the interface routines through which the supervisor and statistical portions of the S & H product communicate. The Court has found that these routines were significantly derived from proprietary SAS materials.
S & H makes much of the fact that it was not provided with the source code for the SAS supervisor, which it therefore could not have copied. However, this does not mean, as S & H argues, that its supervisor is free of copying. In fact, the evidence showed that the boundary between supervisor and nonsupervisor portions (a boundary which is any event is not crystal-clear) is different in SAS and the S & H product. Dr. Peterson testified that code for handling input and output was placed by the Institute outside its supervisor, but was placed by S & H inside its supervisor. Dr. Peterson’s Example 34 related to the “PROBHYPR Function,” for which S & H did have SAS source code; according to Dr. Merten, S & H placed its comparable (and copied) code in its supervisor. Exhibit D-2. The evidence concerning the interface routines demonstrates that the S & H supervisor contains information copied from non-supervisor portions of SAS.
This Court is not a computer programmer, and is simply not able to determine, out of 186,000 lines of integrated product code, which of them reflect misappropriation. Nor is the Court willing to rely on adjudged plagiarists, whose courtroom testimony the Court found not worthy of belief, to make that determination. It is enough, as the Fifth Circuit has said, that “the starting point for [S & H’s] redesign was the [Institute’s] work.” Tennessee Fabricating Company v. Moultrie Manufacturing Company, 421 F.2d 279 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 398 U.S. 928, 90 S.Ct. 1819, 26 L.Ed.2d 91 (1970); Orth-O-Vision v. Home Box Office, 474 F.Supp. 672 (S.D.N.Y.1979) (injunction against entire product where division is technologically unfeasible); Davis v. E.I. duPont DeNemours & Co., 240 F.Supp. 612 (S.D.N.Y.1965); cf. Burroughs v. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Inc., 683 F.2d 610, 620 n. 9 (2d Cir.1982) (court “should not assume the role of film editor”).
The Court’s injunction of the supervisor portion of INDAS need not rest upon principles of copyright law.
The Court’s conclusion that a broad injunction should issue is reinforced by consideration of fundamental principles of contract law. The Court is mindful that contractual remedies have broad purposes, including the protection of the parties’ expectations and the prevention of unjust enrichment. See Restatement (Second) of Contracts, § 344. Any equitable relief granted by this Court must be tailored to accomplish these purposes so far as practicable under the facts of the case.
Here, a broad injunction can be supported on two distinct contractual grounds. First, it is the only way in which the Institute can be afforded the benefit of its bargain. Central to the contract between the parties is that the use of SAS materials by S & H was strictly limited. Obviously, the Court cannot turn back the clock and prevent S & H from making impermissible use of those materials. It can, however, put the parties in the same position they would be in had S & H complied with the license agreement. Had S & H done so, it would not have developed its present product, or at the very least, not in its present form and not in the time actually required. It would not, therefore, be in a position to market that product, and hence the Court should not allow it to do so.
Second, a broad injunction is necessary in order to ensure that S & H not be unjustly enriched at the expense of the Institute. Restitutionary relief is appropriate as a remedy for breach of contract, as well as upon rescission. Restatement (Second) of Contracts, § 373. S & H should be required to return not only the materials it was provided, but also all benefits and gains “resulting from the use by [S & H] of whatever [it] received” under the contract. Id., § 376, Comment a and Illustration 5. The Court has found as a matter of fact that proprietary SAS materials were used and relied upon to a substantial degree by S & H; accordingly, the prevention of unjust enrichment can be achieved only by enjoining the marketing and further use or development of the resulting S & H product.
VII. CONCLUSION.
For the reasons set forth herein, judgment will enter in favor of the Institute in both actions. An injunction will issue, enjoining any marketing of INDAS, or any other product copied or derived from IN-DAS or SAS.
An appropriate order will enter. | CASELAW |
Haversine Formula in Python (Bearing and Distance between two GPS points)
Haversine Formula in Python (Bearing and Distance between two GPS points)
Heres a Python version:
from math import radians, cos, sin, asin, sqrt
def haversine(lon1, lat1, lon2, lat2):
Calculate the great circle distance in kilometers between two points
on the earth (specified in decimal degrees)
# convert decimal degrees to radians
lon1, lat1, lon2, lat2 = map(radians, [lon1, lat1, lon2, lat2])
# haversine formula
dlon = lon2 - lon1
dlat = lat2 - lat1
a = sin(dlat/2)**2 + cos(lat1) * cos(lat2) * sin(dlon/2)**2
c = 2 * asin(sqrt(a))
r = 6371 # Radius of earth in kilometers. Use 3956 for miles. Determines return value units.
return c * r
Most of these answers are rounding the radius of the earth. If you check these against other distance calculators (such as geopy), these functions will be off.
This works well:
from math import radians, cos, sin, asin, sqrt
def haversine(lat1, lon1, lat2, lon2):
R = 3959.87433 # this is in miles. For Earth radius in kilometers use 6372.8 km
dLat = radians(lat2 - lat1)
dLon = radians(lon2 - lon1)
lat1 = radians(lat1)
lat2 = radians(lat2)
a = sin(dLat/2)**2 + cos(lat1)*cos(lat2)*sin(dLon/2)**2
c = 2*asin(sqrt(a))
return R * c
# Usage
lon1 = -103.548851
lat1 = 32.0004311
lon2 = -103.6041946
lat2 = 33.374939
print(haversine(lat1, lon1, lat2, lon2))
Haversine Formula in Python (Bearing and Distance between two GPS points)
There is also a vectorized implementation, which allows to use 4 numpy arrays instead of scalar values for coordinates:
def distance(s_lat, s_lng, e_lat, e_lng):
# approximate radius of earth in km
R = 6373.0
s_lat = s_lat*np.pi/180.0
s_lng = np.deg2rad(s_lng)
e_lat = np.deg2rad(e_lat)
e_lng = np.deg2rad(e_lng)
d = np.sin((e_lat - s_lat)/2)**2 + np.cos(s_lat)*np.cos(e_lat) * np.sin((e_lng - s_lng)/2)**2
return 2 * R * np.arcsin(np.sqrt(d))
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Peter Sutermeister
Peter Sutermeister (May 28, 1916 – January 3, 2003) was a Swiss lawyer, writer and opera librettist.
Sutermeister got his Ph.D at University of Bern. He wrote the texts for Heinrich Sutermeister's (his brother) operas Niobe and Raskolnikoff, as well as biographies of Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy and Robert Schumann. From 1953 to 1966 he was the Secretary–General of the Swiss National Science Foundation.
Translation
* John L. McHale. Athos: miraculous icons: introduction: Peter Sutermeister. Hallwag, 1968 | WIKI |
Herbert Harold Read
Herbert Harold Read FRS, FRSE, FGS, (17 December 1889, in Whitstable – 29 March 1970) was a British geologist and Professor of Geology at Imperial College. From 1947-1948 he was president of the Geological Society.
Life
He was born at Whitstable in Kent on 17 December 1889 the son of Herbert Read, a dairy farmer, and his wife, Caroline Mary Kearn. He attended St Alphege Church School in Whitstable then Simon Langton Grammar School for Boys in Canterbury. He then studied Sciences at the University of London, graduating BSc in 1911.
In the First World War he served in the Royal Fusiliers seeing active service on the Somme and at Gallipoli. He was invalided out of service in 1917 and returned to HM Geological Survey (Scottish section), where he had begun briefly in 1914. He stayed with the survey until 1931.
In 1927 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were John Horne, Sir John Smith Flett, Murray Macgregor and Sir Edward Battersby Bailey. From 1931 to 1939 he was Professor of Geology at Liverpool University.
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1939 and won its Royal Medal in 1963 for "outstanding contributions to the understanding of the processes of rock metamorphism and the origins of granite". He also was awarded the Bigsby Medal in 1935, the Wollaston Medal in 1952 and the Penrose Medal of the Geological Society of America in 1967. He served as Dean of the Royal School of Mines from 1943-45.
He was Chairman of the Scientific Committee and member of the Committee of Management of the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition, 1955–58. The Read Mountains in the Shackleton Range of Antarctica are named after him.
He died on 29 March 1970. In 1917 he had married Edith Browning.
Publications
* ''British Regional Geology: The Grampian Highlands. Second edition (1948) revised by A.G. MacGregor
* Geology: An Introduction to Earth History (1949)
* The Granite Controversy (1957)
* Beginning Geology (1966)
* Later Stages of Earth History (1975)
Quotes
"The best geologist is he who has seen the most rocks." (H. H. Read, 1940) | WIKI |
Talk:Brinkley Court
Brinkley Manor?
Hi? Can you help me? Do some versions of the stories call it Brinkley Manor instead of Brinkley Court? If so, which ones? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:09, 16 July 2015 (UTC) | WIKI |
for-Schleifen
There are three looping keywords in Rust: while, loop, and for:
while
The while keyword works much like in other languages, executing the loop body as long as the condition is true.
fn main() {
let mut x = 200;
while x >= 10 {
x = x / 2;
}
println!("Final x: {x}");
}
for
The for loop iterates over ranges of values:
fn main() {
for x in 1..5 {
println!("x: {x}");
}
}
loop
The loop statement just loops forever, until a break.
fn main() {
let mut i = 0;
loop {
i += 1;
println!("{i}");
if i > 100 {
break;
}
}
}
This slide should take about 5 minutes.
• We will discuss iteration later; for now, just stick to range expressions.
• Note that the for loop only iterates to 4. Show the 1..=5 syntax for an inclusive range. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Comorbid depression, also known as co-occurring or dual-diagnosis depression, refers to the occurrence of major depressive disorder (MDD) in individuals who are also diagnosed with another mental health condition. This could be any mental health disorder such as anxiety disorders, substance abuse disorders, eating disorders, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and more.
What are the Symptoms of Comorbid Depression?
The symptoms of comorbid depression are often similar to those of MDD, but can also include symptoms specific to the co-occurring disorder. Some common symptoms of comorbid depression may include:
comorbid depression
• Persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, or emptiness
• Loss of interest in once enjoyable activities
• Changes in appetite and weight (either increased or decreased)
• Changes in sleep patterns (either insomnia or excessive sleeping)
• Difficulty concentrating and making decisions
• Feelings of fatigue or low energy
• Physical symptoms such as headaches, stomachaches, and muscle pain
• Thoughts of death or suicide
In addition to these symptoms, individuals with comorbid depression may also experience symptoms specific to their co-occurring disorder. For example, someone with comorbid depression and anxiety may also experience excessive worry, panic attacks, or social phobia.
What are the Risk Factors for Depression?
Several risk factors may increase an individual’s likelihood of developing comorbid depression. These include:
• Genetics: Research has shown that having a family history of depression or other mental health disorders can increase the risk of developing comorbid depression.
• Trauma and childhood adversity: Experiencing traumatic events, such as abuse or neglect, during childhood can contribute to the development of comorbid depression.
• Chronic illness: Individuals with chronic illnesses, such as diabetes or heart disease, may have a higher risk of developing comorbid depression due to the stress and challenges associated with managing their condition.
• Substance abuse: Substance abuse can also increase the risk of developing comorbid depression. In some cases, substance abuse may be used as a coping mechanism for symptoms of depression, leading to a co-occurring disorder. If you are looking for substance abuse treatment in Los Angeles, California, Westwind Recovery® can help.
What is the Comorbidity Between Depression and Anxiety?
The comorbidity between depression and anxiety is quite prevalent, with research indicating that approximately 60% of individuals diagnosed with depression also experience symptoms of anxiety. This high rate of comorbidity can make the diagnosis and treatment of these conditions more complex.
One explanation for this comorbidity is the shared underlying biological mechanisms involved in both disorders. Both depression and anxiety are believed to be caused by imbalances in neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. This shared neurobiological basis could explain why individuals with depression are more likely also to experience symptoms of anxiety.
Additionally, the symptoms of both depression and anxiety can overlap, making it difficult for healthcare professionals to differentiate between the two conditions. For example, individuals with depression may experience feelings of fear and worry, which are also hallmark symptoms of anxiety.
Moreover, the development of one disorder can increase the risk of developing the other. For instance, individuals with depression may develop anxiety as a result of their depressive symptoms affecting their daily functioning and causing stress and worry.
What are Other Common Depression Comorbidities Related to Mental Health?
In addition to anxiety, several other mental health conditions commonly co-occur with depression. These include:
• Substance abuse disorders: As mentioned before, substance abuse disorders often go hand in hand with depression as individuals may use substances as a coping mechanism for their symptoms.
• Eating disorders: Both anorexia and bulimia have high comorbidity rates with depression. In some cases, individuals with eating disorders may develop depression as a result of their body image issues and unhealthy relationship with food.
• Bipolar disorder: This is a mood disorder characterized by periods of depressive episodes alternating with manic or hypomanic episodes. The high comorbidity rates between depression and bipolar disorder suggest that these two conditions may share similar underlying causes.
Understanding Comorbidity
Comorbidity is a common occurrence in mental health disorders, where individuals are diagnosed with multiple conditions at the same time. According to research, about 50% of people diagnosed with MDD have comorbid depression. This is significantly higher compared to individuals without MDD, where only about 20% have comorbid mental health disorders. If you need dual diagnosis treatment in Los Angeles, California, Westwind Recovery® can help.
Factors Contributing to Comorbid Depression
Several factors can contribute to the development of comorbid depression. These include genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and shared risk factors. Genetic vulnerability and hereditary components can increase the likelihood of developing multiple mental health disorders.
Environmental factors such as childhood trauma, chronic stress, and substance abuse can also play a significant role in the development of comorbid depression. Additionally, shared risk factors like an imbalance in brain chemicals and hormonal changes can increase the chances of having both MDD and another mental health disorder. If you need mental health treatment in Los Angeles, California, contact Westwind Recovery® today.
Effects of Comorbid Depression
Comorbid depression can have a significant impact on an individual’s overall well-being, leading to increased symptoms, decreased quality of life, and higher rates of relapse. It can also complicate the diagnosis and treatment process, making it more challenging for healthcare professionals to manage both conditions effectively.
Comorbid depression can intensify the symptoms of both mental health disorders, leading to a more severe presentation. For example, individuals with comorbid MDD and anxiety disorder may experience more frequent panic attacks, increased feelings of hopelessness, and suicidal thoughts.
The presence of comorbid depression can also negatively affect an individual’s quality of life, making it harder for them to function in their daily lives. It can lead to social isolation, difficulty maintaining relationships, and problems with work or school.
Individuals with comorbid depression may experience higher rates of relapse, even after receiving treatment for both conditions. This is due to the complex nature of comorbidity and the challenges in managing multiple mental health disorders simultaneously.
Treatment Options
Treatment for comorbid depression typically involves a combination of therapies aimed at managing both conditions simultaneously. This can include medication, psychotherapy, support groups, and lifestyle changes.
Antidepressants and mood stabilizers are commonly used to treat comorbid depression. These medications can help manage symptoms of both mental health disorders, improving overall well-being. It is essential to work closely with a healthcare professional when taking medication for comorbid depression to monitor any potential side effects or interactions.
Psychotherapy, also known as talk therapy, can be beneficial in treating comorbid depression. Different types of therapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy in Los Angeles, California, and dialectical behavior therapy in Los Angeles, California, can help individuals understand their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, and develop coping strategies to manage both MDD and the comorbid disorder.
Joining a support group can provide individuals with comorbid depression a sense of community and understanding. It can also offer valuable insights and coping strategies from others who are going through similar experiences.
Making positive lifestyle changes, such as regular exercise, healthy eating habits, and stress management techniques, can also help improve symptoms of both mental health disorders. Seeking support from friends and family and practicing self-care can also be beneficial for individuals with comorbid depression. Westwind Recovery® offers family therapy in Los Angeles, California to assist our patients and families in rebuilding bonds after challenges.
What are Alternative Support Options?
In addition to traditional treatment options, there are also alternative support options available for individuals with comorbid depression. These can include:
• Mindfulness practices: Mindfulness meditation and other techniques can help individuals manage their symptoms and reduce stress.
• Nutritional supplements: Some individuals may find relief from comorbid depression symptoms by taking certain nutritional supplements such as omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, and B vitamins.
• Acupuncture: This alternative therapy has been shown to have a positive effect on mood disorders like depression.
It is important to note that these alternative support options should not be used as a replacement for traditional treatments but can be used in conjunction with them. It is always best to consult with a healthcare professional before trying any alternative support options. Overall, understanding comorbidity and its effects can help individuals with comorbid depression receive proper treatment and improve their overall well-being. With the right combination of therapies and support, it is possible to manage both MDD and other mental health disorders effectively. Remember, you are not alone in your journey towards better mental health. Reach out for help if you need it and know that recovery is possible.
Challenges in Treating Comorbid Depression
Treating comorbid depression can be challenging due to the complexity of managing multiple mental health disorders at once. Some factors that can contribute to these challenges include misdiagnosis, treatment resistance, and medication interactions.
The overlapping symptoms of comorbid depression and other mental health disorders make it challenging for healthcare professionals to accurately diagnose each condition separately. This can lead to a delay in receiving proper treatment and may worsen symptoms.
Some individuals with comorbid depression may not respond well to traditional treatment methods, such as medication and therapy. This can be due to the complexity of managing multiple mental health disorders or underlying factors that make treatment less effective.
Individuals with comorbid depression may be taking multiple medications for both conditions, which can potentially interact with each other. This can lead to adverse effects and may require close monitoring by a healthcare professional.
Westwind Recovery® Can Assist With Comborid Depression in Los Angeles, CA
westwind recovery can assist with comorbid depressionAt Westwind Recovery®, we offer comprehensive treatment for individuals with comorbid depression in Los Angeles, CA. Our team of experienced healthcare professionals is trained to address the unique challenges of managing multiple mental health disorders and provide personalized treatment plans for each individual.
Remember, you are not alone in this, and there is hope for a brighter future. So if you or someone you know is struggling with comorbid depression, do not hesitate to reach out for help. Recovery is possible, and we are here to support you every step of the way. Let us help you break free from the grips of comorbid depression and live a fulfilling life.
Contact us today to learn more about our services and how we can help you or a loved one on the journey toward recovery. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
1. Overview
Automation scripts typically involve looping. We can loop through the values of some parameter or a list of files to be processed. Also, we might continue a process while or until some condition is met.
In this tutorial, we’ll look at how to use Bash loops and some specific commands to go through a range of numbers defined by variables.
2. Using for Loop
Basically, a for loop performs a task for a specific set of items while a given condition is true.
Let’s see the basic syntax of a for loop in Bash:
for <name_of_variable> in <list_of_items>; do <perform_some_task> done;
A simple use case involving for loops is number iteration. Using the above syntax, we can iterate over a range of numbers, say 1 to 10:
#!/bin/bash
for i in {1..10}
do
echo "$i"
done
However, this script won’t work if we set the range using variables. Let’s take an example of the variable range here with the test.sh script:
START=$1
END=$2
for c in {$START..$END}
do
echo "$c"
done
When we invoke the above script with command line variables, say 6 and 9, the output is simply the range value itself:
$ ./test.sh 6 9
{6..9}
This is because the brace expansion occurs prior to variable expansion in Bash. Thus, brace expansion won’t take variables into consideration.
To overcome this limitation, we can use the for loop as found in conventional programming languages like C. Bash can also leverage this useful construct. It allows us to set a loop’s beginning, increment, and end conditions:
for ((<initial_condition> ; <loop_condition> ; <step_expression>)); do <perform_some_task> done;
For example, we can have a C-style for loop to iterate over a range of numbers:
#!/bin/bash
START=$1
END=$2
if [[ $START =~ ^[+-]?[0-9]+$ ]] && [[ $END =~ ^[+-]?[0-9]+$ ]] && [[ $START -lt $END ]]; then
echo "The list of numbers for the given range is as:"
for ((i = $START ; i <= $END ; i++)); do
echo -n "$i "
sleep 1
done
echo "Done!"
else
echo "Invalid Range"
fi
The above script takes two command-line arguments $1 and $2 and stores them inside the variables $START and $END.
First, this script checks if the given command line arguments are integers.
Next, it compares them. If the variable $START is smaller than the variable $END, it prints all the numbers in the given range in one-second intervals followed by the message Done!; otherwise, if either the command line arguments aren’t integers or the variable $START is greater than the variable $END, it prints Invalid Range.
Notably, this C-style for loop works in both directions.
3. Using while Loop
The while construct repeats a series of instructions while the condition controlling the loop holds true.
Let’s see an example of using while to iterate over a variable range of numbers:
#!/bin/bash
START=$1
END=$2
n=$START
if [[ $START =~ ^[+-]?[0-9]+$ ]] && [[ $END =~ ^[+-]?[0-9]+$ ]]; then
echo "The list of numbers for the given range is as:"
while [[ $n -le $END ]]; do
echo -n "$n "
((n = n + 1))
sleep 1
done
else
echo "Invalid Range"
fi
Mostly, this script is similar to the previous for loop. For example, the if expression checks if the command line inputs are integers. Here, the while loop prints the numbers in the given range when the first command line argument is greater than the second one.
However, the while loop also needs a separate variable ($n), which works like the control variable ($i) of the for loop.
Unlike the Bash-style for loop, the while loop can work in both directions if we modify the driving expression. Also, this loop can work for negative numbers as well.
4. Using seq Command
Another command that we can use for printing numbers in a variable range is seq.
Basically, the seq command prints a series of integers between given starting and ending values, with optional increment stepping. It’s reminiscent of the for loops and range() functions used in various programming languages.
First, let’s see the basic usage of this command. In its simple form, the seq command takes an integer argument:
$ seq 5
The above command prints the numbers from 1 to 5. Let’s give it a start value of 3, an end value of 18, and a step of 2:
$ seq 3 2 18
Consequently, the above command prints all the numbers from 3 to 17 in increments of 2.
Now, let’s use the seq command to iterate over a variable range of numbers:
#!/bin/bash
START=$1
END=$2
if [[ $START =~ ^[+-]?[0-9]+$ ]] && [[ $END =~ ^[+-]?[0-9]+$ ]] && [[ $START -lt $END ]]; then
echo "The list of numbers for the given range is as:"
for i in $(seq $START $END); do
echo -n "$i "
sleep 1
done
echo "Done!"
else
echo "Invalid Range"
fi
Here, most of the script is similar to the previous ones, except for the format of the for loop. The seq command takes the initial value and the final value as the input arguments. Also, seq doesn’t work if the first argument is larger than the second one.
5. Using eval Command
We can also use the eval command for our purposes. Similar to the seq command, we can supply a variable range to the echo command inside the eval command:
#!/bin/bash
START=$1
END=$2
if [[ $START =~ ^[+-]?[0-9]+$ ]] && [[ $END =~ ^[+-]?[0-9]+$ ]]; then
echo "The list of numbers for the given range is as:"
for i in $(eval echo "{$START..$END}"); do
echo -n "$i "
sleep 1
done
echo "Done!"
else
echo "Invalid Range"
fi
Unlike the rest of the methods we discussed so far, this approach works for all ranges of integers and prints the numbers in both directions. On the other hand, eval is a very dangerous command and should be used with caution.
6. Conclusion
In this article, we saw several ways to loop over a variable range of numbers.
To summarize, iterating across a variable range of integers is possible in Bash in a few different ways. In most cases, if we don’t consider performance, we can select the one that makes our code most readable.
Comments are closed on this article! | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Mental Health part 2 Flashcards Preview
► Med Misc 42 > Mental Health part 2 > Flashcards
Flashcards in Mental Health part 2 Deck (186)
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1
reduction in or lack of energy
anergia
2
an inability to find meaning or pleasure in existence
anhedonia
3
a classification of more recently released antidepressants affecting a variety of neurotransmitters
atypical antidepressants
4
a mild to moderate mood disturbance characterized by chronic depression syndrome that is usually present for at least 2 years
dysthymic disorder
5
an effective tx for depressio nin which a grand mal seizure is induced by passing an electrical current through electrodes that are applied to the temples. The admin of a muscle relaxant minimizes seizure activity and prevents damage to long bones and cervical vertebrae
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
6
the spending of increased time in sleep, possibly to escape from painful feelings; however the incresed sleep is not experienced as restful or refreshing
hypersomina
7
inabilty to fall asleep or to stay asleep, early morning awakening or both
insomnia
8
a classificati nof antidepressants that inhibit monoamine oxidase, an enzyme that breaks dowm amines such as serotonin and norepinephrine. The use of this necessitates the adoption of a tryamine-free diet bc of potentially fatal interactions
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI)
9
a pervasive and sustained emotion that, when extreme, can markedly color the way individual perceives the world
mood
10
PT may constantly pace, bite their nails, smoke, tap their fingers, or engage in some other tension relieving activity
psychomotor agitation
11
slowed and difficult movements to complete inactivity and incontinence
psychomotor retardation
12
1st line antidepressants that block the reuptake of serotonin, permitting serotonin to act for an extended period at the synaptic binding sites in the brain
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI)
13
drugs that inhibit the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin by presynaptic neurons in the CNS, increasing the amount of time norepinephrine and serotonin are available to the postsynaptic receptors
tricyclic antidepressants
14
name the 3 types of mood disorders
major depressive disorder
dyshymic disorder
postpartum depression
15
the primary alteratio nin depression is what
mood, rather than in thought or perception
16
the most common cause of depression is
neurobiologic (serotonin & norepinephrine)
17
serotonin does what
regulates sleep, apettite, mood
18
low levels of norepinephrine does what
no energy, cant concentrate
19
both serotonin and norepinephrine are involved in what
perception of pain
20
depression can occur because of medication side effects such as
corticosteriods, anti psycotic, anti HTN, anti parkinsons
21
depression can occur because of neurological disorders such as
CVA, brain tumor (temporal lobe), alzhiemers
22
depression an occur because of electrolyte disturbances such as
excessive amounts of sodium or calcium or a deficit in Mg
23
depression can occur because of nutritional deficiencies such as
deficit in B1 (thiamin), zinc, folic acid, niacin
24
what psychosocial event can cause depression
reactio nto life events, early life trauma
25
plays a part in the stress response, if you have a major stressor, can deplete norepinephrine stores which causes depression
norepinephrine
26
Sx of depression
mood sadness, despair, emptiness, adhedonia, low self esteem, apathy, low motivation, social withdraw
27
single or recurrant episode, experience pain an dsuffering, does not function normally, Sx persist over a minumial 2 week period
major depressive disorder
28
For DSM what must you hve for major depressive disorder
loss of ability to experience pleasure in life*
depresssed mood, anhedonia, change in weight, psychomotor agitation or retardation, fatigue, anergia, feelings of worthlessness, diminished concentration, recurrent thoughts of death or suicide
*must have this
29
Melancholic features
complete loss of pleasure in life and inability to feel better, feels worse in morning, weight loss, excessive guilt, has psychotic features
30
postpartum onset
within 4 weeks postpartum, delusional thoughts about infant signigy risk of harm to infant | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Groundwater on Mars
Rain and snow was a regular occurrence on Mars in the past; especially in the Noachian and early Hesperian epochs. Water was theorized to seep into the ground until it reached a formation that would not allow it to penetrate further (such a layer is called an aquitard and is believed to be impermeable). Water then accumulated forming a saturated layer. Deep aquifers may still exist.
Overviews
Researchers have found that Mars had a planet-wide groundwater system and several prominent features on the planet have been produced by the action of groundwater. When water rose to the surface or near the surface, various minerals were deposited and sediments became cemented together. Some of the minerals were sulfates that were probably produced when water dissolved sulfur from underground rocks, and then became oxidized when it came into contact with the air. While traveling through the aquifer, the water passed through igneous rock basalt, which would have contained sulfur.
In an aquifer, water occupies open space (pore space) that lies between rock particles. This layer would spread out, eventually coming to be under most of the Martian surface. The top of this layer is called the water table. Calculations show that the water table on Mars was for a time 600 meters below the surface.
The InSight lander uncovered in September 2019 unexplained magnetic pulses, and magnetic oscillations consistent with an existing planet-wide reservoir of liquid water deep underground.
Researchers have concluded that Gale Crater has experienced many episodes of groundwater surge with changes in the groundwater chemistry. These chemical changes would support life.
Layered terrain
Some locations on the Red Planet show groups of layered rocks. Rock layers are present under the resistant caps of pedestal craters, on the floors of many large impact craters, and in the area called Arabia. In some places the layers are arranged into regular patterns. It has been suggested that the layers were put into place by volcanoes, the wind, or by being at the bottom of a lake or sea. Calculations and simulations show that groundwater carrying dissolved minerals would surface in the same locations that have abundant rock layers. According to these ideas, deep canyons and large craters would receive water coming from the ground. Many craters in the Arabia area of Mars contain groups of layers. Some of these layers may have resulted from climate change.
The tilt of the rotational axis of Mars has repeatedly changed in the past. Some changes are large. Because of these variations of climate, at times the atmosphere of Mars would have been much thicker and contained more moisture. The amount of atmospheric dust also has increased and decreased. It is believed that these frequent changes helped to deposit material in craters and other low places. The rising of mineral-rich ground water cemented these materials. The model also predicts that after a crater is full of layered rocks, additional layers will be laid down in the area around the crater. So, the model predicts that layers may also have formed in intercrater regions; layers in these regions have been observed.
Layers can be hardened by the action of groundwater. Martian ground water probably moved hundreds of kilometers, and in the process it dissolved many minerals from the rock it passed through. When ground water surfaces in low areas containing sediments, water evaporates in the thin atmosphere and leaves behind minerals as deposits and/or cementing agents. Consequently, layers of dust could not later easily erode away since they were cemented together. On Earth, mineral-rich waters often evaporate forming large deposits of various types of salts and other minerals. Sometimes water flows through Earth's aquifers, and then evaporates at the surface just as is hypothesized for Mars. One location this occurs on Earth is the Great Artesian Basin of Australia. On Earth the hardness of many sedimentary rocks, like sandstone, is largely due to the cement that was put in place as water passed through.
In February 2019, European scientists published geological evidence of an ancient planet-wide groundwater system that was, arguably, connected to a putative vast ocean.
Inverted terrain
Many areas on Mars show inverted relief. In those places, former stream channels are displayed as raised beds, instead of stream valleys. Raised beds form when old stream channels become filled with material that is resistant to erosion. After later erosion removes surrounding soft materials, more resistant materials that were deposited in the stream bed are left behind. Lava is one substance that can flow down valleys and produce such inverted terrain. However, fairly loose materials can get quite hard and erosion resistant when cemented by minerals. These minerals can come from groundwater. It is thought that a low point, like a valley focuses groundflow, so more water and cements move into it, and this results in a greater degree of cementation.
Terrain inversion can also happen without cementation by groundwater, however. If a surface is being eroded by wind, the necessary contrast in erodibility can arise simply from variations in grain size of loose sediments. Since wind can carry away sand but not cobbles, for example, a channel bed rich in cobbles could form an inverted ridge if it was originally surrounded by much finer sediments, even if the sediments were not cemented. This effect has been invoked for channels in Saheki crater.
Places on Mars that contain layers in the bottoms of craters often also have inverted terrain.
Evidence for groundwater upwelling
Spacecraft sent to Mars provided a wealth of evidence for groundwater being a major cause of many rock layers on the planet. The Opportunity Rover studied some areas with sophisticated instruments. Opportunity’s observations showed that groundwater repeatedly had risen to the surface. Evidence for water coming to the surface a number of times include hematite concretions (called "blue berries"), cementation of sediments, alteration of sediments, and clasts or skeletons of formed crystals. To produce skeleton crystals, dissolved minerals were deposited as mineral crystals, and then the crystals were dissolved when more water came to the surface at a later time. The shape of the crystals could still be made out. Opportunity found hematite and sulfates in many places as it traveled on the surface of Mars, so it is assumed that the same types of deposits are widespread, just as predicted by the model.
Orbiting probes showed that the type of rock around Opportunity was present in a very large area that included Arabia, which is about as large as Europe. A spectroscope, called CRISM, on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter found sulfates in many of the same places that the upwelling water model had predicted, including some areas of Arabia. The model predicted deposits in Valles Marineris canyons; these deposits have been observed and found to contain sulfates. Other locations predicted to have upwelling water, for example chaos regions and canyons associated with large outflows, have also been found to contain sulfates. Layers occur in the types of locations predicted by this model of groundwater evaporating at the surface. They were discovered by the Mars Global Surveyor and HiRISE onboard Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. Layers have been observed around the site that Opportunity landed and in nearby Arabia. The ground under the cap of pedestal craters sometimes displays numerous layers. The cap of a pedestal crater protects material under it from eroding away. It is accepted that the material that now is only found under the pedestal crater’s cap formerly covered the whole region. Hence, layers now just visible under pedestal craters once covered the whole area. Some craters contain mounds of layered material that reach above the crater’s rim. Gale Crater and Crommelin (Martian crater) are two craters that hold large mounds. Such tall mounds were formed, according to this model, by layers that first filled the crater, and then continued to build up around the surrounding region. Later erosion removed material around the crater, but left a mound in the crater that was higher than its rim. Note that although the model predicts upwelling and evaporation that should have produced layers in other areas (Northern lowlands), these areas do not show layers because the layers were formed long ago in the Early Hesperian Epoch and were therefore subsequently buried by later deposits.
Strong evidence for groundwater making lakes in deep craters was described by a group of European scientists in February 2019. Craters examined did not show inlets or outlets; therefore, water for the lake would have come from the ground. These craters had floors lying roughly 4000 m below Martian 'sea level'. Features and minerals on the floors of these craters could only have formed in the presence of water. Some of the features were deltas and terraces. Some of the craters studied were Oyama, Pettit, Sagan, Tombaugh, Mclaughlin, du Martheray, Nicholson, Curie, and Wahoo. It seems that if a crater was deep enough, water came out of the ground and a lake was formed. | WIKI |
Center for Plant Aging Research (식물 노화·수명 연구단)154
Plant senescence and death represent a very important and unique aspect of life: While most biological studies are concerned with how biogenesis is achieved, plant senescence provides a novel window to the ways in which the orderly, regulated disassembly of cells, organs, and organisms occurs. Plant senescence and death have a biological purpose in the sense that the nutrients derived from the disassembly process are passed on to progeny as a parental investment. In fact, many of the grains we eat are "nutrients" derived from the senescing leaves of crops. The modulation of senescence therefore has huge potential to improve plant productivity. One of biology's unresolved fundamental questions is this: How is time and the aging process incorporated in the developmental cycle of plant senescence?
The overall goal of this project is to gain insight into the system-level senescence and cell-death processes of plants, from the perspective of a life-history strategy. Acquiring such knowledge at molecular, cellular, intercellular, organ, and organismal levels will lead to breakthroughs that significantly improve plant productivity.
We intend to build core technology units in cooperation with group leaders and Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), focusing our efforts on the computational unit, super-resolution and sensitivity-imaging unit, chemical genetics unit, systems genetics unit, and phenome unit. All the core technology units will be world-class, world-leading operations.
This study will provide an unprecedentedly detailed understanding of molecular events that clearly illustrates spatio-temporal multilayered networks and modules on this scientifically interesting and important subject. Furthermore, because plant productivity is highly influenced by senescence, our study can significantly contribute to resolving global problems (e.g., food and energy shortages; excessive carbon dioxide emissions). All organisms undergo aging and eventually die. Life history, senescence, and death are fundamental and philosophical matters for human beings. This study, which creates new paradigms for understanding life history and senescence, may also provide a crucial breakthrough in our understanding of age-dependent senescence and death.
Website: http://aging.ibs.re.kr
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How to Fix a Computer That Won't Play Videos
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It's frustrating if your computer won't play videos that you want to watch. Depending on which videos you're having trouble with, it could be caused by a variety issues. Streaming video issues, such as YouTube videos not playing properly, could be caused by web browser settings, filtering software or a poor internet connection. Issues playing video files could mean you need additional software. DVD or Blu-ray playback problems could be caused by faulty hardware.
If YouTube Won't Play
YouTube is one of the most popular video streaming sites online. Its videos are embedded on other people's web pages and playable directly through the service's website and app.
If a YouTube video won't play, check to see if there's any error message displayed. Sometimes you'll see a message that you're not allowed to view the video in your country or region or that the video has been removed or made private.
Videos can be taken down by whoever uploaded them to YouTube or removed by the service itself if they violate YouTube rules. In any of these cases, you won't be able to view the video, but you may be able to find a related video or another version of the same one by searching YouTube.
Otherwise, try clicking the YouTube logo on an embedded video to view the video directly on YouTube if it doesn't work on a third-party site.
When YouTube Won't Load
If the YouTube site won't load at all, or it will load but won't play videos, there may be some setting in your firewall or network settings that's blocking YouTube. If you're on a work or school connection, check to see if YouTube is blocked for other users or contact your IT department directly, since it may be blocked by a setting your organization has put in place.
If you have any browser extensions or other software designed to filter out ads or malware, you can try turning them off and seeing if it makes a difference. Also try using another web browser, or another device on your network, to see if YouTube works normally.
If the problem arises suddenly, you may want to check the news or even social media to see if there's a problem at YouTube.
If Streaming Is Slow
If streaming on YouTube or other video streaming sites is slow, or the video is low quality, this may be a sign of a poor internet connection or a computer multitasking between too many operations.
Try moving your computer closer to the wireless router if you have one. Close other programs and browser tabs to see if the streaming speed improves. Make sure you're using a recent version of your web browser, and consider trying another one to see if the situation improves.
If your internet connection seems atypically slow in general, contact your internet provider to see if the situation improves.
Problems Opening Video Files
If you have a video file stored locally on your computer and it won't play, you may not have the proper software to play it or may be using the wrong program.
Video software like Apple iTunes, Windows Media Player and VLC all support particular video formats, using tools called codecs that can handle specific formats. In some cases, you may need to download a particular codec plugin to play certain videos.
If someone sent you a video that you're having trouble playing, you can ask what software they used to play it or ask them to send it in a different format.
Trouble Playing Videos From Disc
If you're having trouble playing a video from a disc, such as a DVD or Blu-ray disc, it may be a problem with your drive or the disc.
Check to make sure the disc is clean and free from scratches. See if it will play in another device, if you have a compatible one handy.
If it does, you may have a problem with your drive. See if the drive will play another disc, and if it has similar issues, consider replacing it or having it serviced.
references | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Willich, A. F. M. - The Domestic Encyclopædia (Vol. 2, 1802).djvu/277
Rh branches, from the sides and end, which they insert in the middle of the bundle, where they can be of little service. Instead of continuing this wasteful method, such superfluous leaves and boughs ought to be scattered on the ground, which will, in consequence, be considerably ameliorated; for this kind of manure is particularly beneficial to bad and exhausted land, which may thus be converted into an excellent garden mould; and the growth of young trees will be remarkably promoted. . See. FAIR, a public place, where merchants, trades, and other persons, from remote parts, assemble on some fixed day in the year, to buy and sell commodities, and to partake of the diversions usually to be met with on such occasions.—See.
Fairs are of very ancient origin, and, though in former times, when the commercial intercourse of distant towns and countries was more difficult than it is at present, such establishments were useful, and perhaps necessary; yet, we are of opinion, that their gradual abolition would be attended with real benefit to the community.—Many scenes of idleness and profligacy might thus be obviated, and an additional number of valuable house and shop-keepers might be maintained in country towns and villages, in order to furnish the necessary commodities—instead of those unsettled dealers who spend one half of their time in travelling from fair to fair, and thus consume the profits of their trades, without materially contributing to support the burthens of society. FALCON, a formidable bird of prey, of which there are two species, namely:
1. The, Falco Gyrfalco, L. which is but seldom found in Scotland and the Orkneys: next to the eagle, it is the most intrepid and voracious of the feathered tribe, and likewise the most valuable species for the purposes of falconry. The stork, the heron, and the crane, fall easy victims to its bold attacks; and it kills hares, by darting upon them in a direct line.—It is remarkable that in this, as in ail other birds of prey, the females are much larger and stronger than the males, which last are employed in falconry to catch only the smaller birds, such as the crow, the heron, and the kite.
2. The, which is less ferocious, and also rarely met with in Britain. FALL, or the act of tumbling from an erect posture, or from a higher place, is sometimes attended with serious consequences; especially if it should be neglected in the beginning. Hence the necessity of examining the whole body, whether the fall has been productive of violent bruises, dislocations, or fractures; in which cases surgical aid should be immediately procured. But, if the person fallen, remain motionless, and in a swooning state; or in order to prevent him from fainting, it may be useful to administer a wine-glassful of sweet oil of olives, which will greatly tend to calm and compose the whole body.
After a fall from a precipice, or high place, it will perhaps be necessary to open a vein; but we cannot approve of that superstitious remedy, on this occasion, advised by the late Prof. ; according to whom, the blood issuing | WIKI |
Talk:Kajal Aggarwal
Untitled
The article name should be changed to KajalAgarwal. There is only one g in her last name. Robertfisner (talk) 18:49, 23 April 2011 (UTC)Robertfisner
Gourav Sandral Gouravsandral (talk) 19:11, 10 December 2016 (UTC)
Gourav sandral love kajal agarwal very much but she does not know... Gouravsandral (talk) 19:12, 10 December 2016 (UTC)
Hiii mam main apka sabse barraaa fan hun aaj takk apne mere jaisa fan nahi dekhaa hogaa main apka itna baraa fan hun ki apke jaise cloths makeup earings sab main pehanta apke jaise lene ki to meri himmat nahi hai fir waisa hi leta hun mam aur main girls dress pehanne lagaa hun plss mam main just apse ek baar milna yaa baat karna chahta hun plss mam reply me please my number nd whatsaap number is<PHONE_NUMBER> rply me mam please... Asukajal1995 (talk) 18:44, 1 February 2017 (UTC)
File:Kajal agarwal.jpg Nominated for Deletion
summa thane sonninga
File:Kajal-agarwal-posters206.jpg Nominated for speedy Deletion
Which of the two dates (1985, 1987) is the correct date of birth? I remember seeing 1985 a couple of years ago, now it is changed to 1987 in the personal details summary below the display pic <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:36, 3 October 2011 (UTC)
Brand Endorsements of Kajal
I have added a new section regarding Kajal's brand endorsements. She is the brand ambassador of many products and so it is definetely required that it is mentioned in the article. 05:48, 6 August 2012 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Adarshkrish (talk • contribs)
Not "gg"
Only "g" should be there. See this article name Aarthi Agarwal. Raghusri (talk) Raghusri 11:15, 30 November 2012 (UTC)
* Aarthi Agarwal has nothing to do with Kajal Aggarwal. Please have a look at the references quoted in this article. Most of the reliable sources (newspapers) have quoted it with double g. -- Anbu121 ( talk me ) 12:17, 30 November 2012 (UTC)
* The actress is credited as Aggarwal in the films. I agree that Aarthi Agarwal has nothing to do with Kajal Aggarwal, and comapring them is not a reason to move the page. Move the page back to Kajal Aggarwal. krZna (talk) 15:09, 3 December 2012 (UTC)
* The kajal Agarwal is most beautiful actress in India, she was given super hit movie Magadheera and shigham ** — Preceding unsigned comment added by Mrrathod007 (talk • contribs) 08:54, 3 July 2017 (UTC)
* In the films her name is wrongly credited because not "gg" only "g" should be there. So i have moved over redirect. Raghusri (talk) 09:56, 11 December 2012 (UTC)
* Inspite of the references and the explanations given, it seems that you don't want to hear it. Don't move it again unless you show us some proof that her name is wrongly credited. -- Anbu121 ( talk me ) 10:15, 11 December 2012 (UTC)
* A Google search for "Kajal Aggarwal" -"Kajal Agarwal" produces about 2,370,000 hits. "Kajal Agarwal" -"Kajal Aggarwal" produces about 19,700,000. This suggests that the spelling with the single g is by far the commoner name, and by WP:COMMONNAME the article should be moved at Kajal Agarwal. The policy on article titles is quite clear: "Wikipedia does not necessarily use the subject's "official" name as an article title; it prefers to use the name that is most frequently used to refer to the subject in English-language reliable sources." JamesBWatson (talk) 11:10, 11 December 2012 (UTC)
* Agarwal is a very common surname in India. But, she has been credited as "Aggarwal" in all her films and most of the reliable newspapers which had interviewed her has quoted it as "Aggarwal". These two facts seems more relevant here rather than mere number of google hits. -- Anbu121 ( talk me ) 11:19, 11 December 2012 (UTC)
* I agree that number of Google hits is not a reliable guide. I also accept that many of the Google hits may be for other people with the same name. If what you say about the use of her name in reliable sources and credits is true then it should be "Aggarwal". I checked the first 30 references cited in the article. (If anyone feels like spending time checking the other 29 then please do so.) 5 of them don't mention her under either version of the name, 10 use a single g, and 15 use a double g. As a mathematician with a special knowledge of statistics, I can say that a 10:15 split is exactly the average amount of deviation to be expected from a half-and-half ratio if the references were a completely random sample. That does not, of course, mean that the gg form is not commoner, but it does mean that the frequencies of the two spellings are not so greatly different as to settle the issue. In principal we could debate which of the sources are more reliable, but in my opinion that would be likely to waste a lot of time and come to no definite conclusion. My inclination is to say that the issue of frequency is unclear, if anything with slight but inconclusive evidence in favour of gg, and assuming (I have not checked) that you are right in saying that all her films have credited her as "Aggarwal", then "Aggarwal" it should be. JamesBWatson (talk) 11:03, 12 December 2012 (UTC)
* All those films and newspaper sites are wrongly crediting her name as "Kajal Aggarwal". Your previous opinion is right. See the spellings in these external links : Kajal Aggarwal, Kajal Agarwal. It's typical to finalise a solution for this conflict. Better to move the article to "Kajal Agarwal". Raghusri (talk) 16:12, 12 December 2012 (UTC)
* Its true that there are spelling variations for 'Agarwal' and I even accept that 'Agarwal' is more common in India than 'Aggarwal'. But every human being has the right to choose the spelling of their name. It is evident from the newspapers what Kajal has chosen. -- Anbu121 ( talk me ) 17:55, 12 December 2012 (UTC)
* The Times of India has her name mentioned as "Aggarwal" in today's article. Arguing that those newspapers are listing it wrong would not make much sense. Also, I can confirm that she was credited as "Kajal Aggarwal" in her Hindi film "Singham". krZna (talk) 08:51, 13 December 2012 (UTC)
* Saying "All those films and newspaper sites are wrongly crediting her name" is missing the point. Wikipedia uses the name most commonly used in English, whether that name is "wrong" or not. For example, we have an article on Tony Blair, even though his name is actually Anthony Blair. We have an article on Julius Caesar, despite the fact that if Gaius Iulius himself could be brought back to life he would be bewildered as to why anyone would call him by his surname and the name of his tribe, let alone the use of the funny letter I with a curl at the bottom. "Tony Blair" and "Julius Caesar" are the names most commonly recognised in modern English, so that's what Wikipedia's manual of style requires us to use. The fact that they are not the "correct" names is irrelevant. If all the film credits and newspapers give her name as "Kajal Aggarwal" then it is likely that that is the form of her name most commonly used in English, whether you or I or anyone else thinks they are mistaken in doing so or not. JamesBWatson (talk) 09:08, 13 December 2012 (UTC)
* I think after all these opinions and thoughts shared by experienced editors and one involved admin in this discussion also don't want to change the article name from Kajal Aggarwal to Kajal Agarwal. Actually this section was started by me. So the people posting their messages to this, if they don't think otherwise, i am wishing to give a Conclusion (Consensus) to this Name (Spelling) conflict. What i want to say is The Consensus for the above is "Kajal Aggarwal" is the right spelling being it was published in so many reliable newspaper sites. Yeah! leave it, as it is i.e., "Kajal Aggarwal." Thank you all for sharing your experiences, thoughts and opinions. Have a good day to all. Raghusri (talk) 10:14, 17 December 2012 (UTC)
IIMDB uses Agarwal and also that google results show more results for with only "g" than "double g". Torreslfchero (talk) 10:35, 17 December 2012 (UTC)
* IMDB is neither authentic nor reliable. Mentions in reliable sources carry more weightage than mere number of google hits. -- Anbu121 ( talk me ) 10:58, 17 December 2012 (UTC)
* Thank you all for sharing your thoughts and experiences. Yeah! the discussion has reached the Consensus. That is the article page shouldn't be moved to " Kajal Agarwal ". It should be left as it is now as " Kajal Aggarwal ". Thank you once again. Raghusri (talk) 10:35, 1 January 2013 (UTC)
* @Anbu121- Yeah, I know that its not reliable, I was just saying my views. @Raghusri - I think you're right that this page shouldn't be moved to Agarwal. It's good as it is now. Torreslfchero (talk) 10:47, 1 January 2013 (UTC)
Semi-protected edit request on 29 June 2014
<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 11:14, 29 June 2014 (UTC)
* Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format. Anupmehra - Let's talk! 11:17, 29 June 2014 (UTC)
The name to use
This article seems to violate WP:SURNAME by referring to the actress mostly by her first name. I mean, she being a North Indian (but acting mainly in South Indian films) does not follow the South Indian tradition of eschewing surnames in favour of patronymics. Does anyone support the idea of using her surname instead? Kailash29792 (talk) 04:18, 26 November 2014 (UTC)
Semi-protected edit request on 22 June 2015
Dhiru123aa (talk) 17:20, 22 June 2015 (UTC)
* No edit requested. — Spaceman Spiff 17:26, 22 June 2015 (UTC)
Semi-protected edit request on 4 September 2015
KA Haasan (talk) 17:48, 4 September 2015 (UTC)
* 2016|Kavalai Vendam || || Filming
* Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: Not in source quoted. Inomyabcs (talk) 13:58, 6 September 2015 (UTC)
External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,
I have just added archive links to 2 one external links on Kajal Aggarwal. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/20111119115150/http://whatslatest.com/blog/?p=19571 to http://whatslatest.com/blog/?p=19571
* Attempted to fix sourcing for http://www.filmfare.com/features/nominations-for-the-62nd-britannia-filmfare-awards-south-9405-2.html
Cheers.—cyberbot II Talk to my owner :Online 16:07, 22 January 2016 (UTC)
New Discography section
Kajal Aggarwal sang her first song, which is the song "Yenaithu" from the Kannada film Chakravyuha (source 1 source 2). Thanks. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:28, 13 March 2016 (UTC)
kajal aggarwal awards
kajal aggarwal has recieved more awards but only some have been mentioned here.pls include complete list. For example she recieved amma young India award 2015, zee telugu star of the decade award 2015,asiavision award for thupakki,amrita tv awards 2014, etc..pls upload this.. Kajal2001 (talk) 06:00, 18 March 2016 (UTC) please mention about full list of awards and about kajalism. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Srskanha (talk • contribs) 21:12, 6 December 2016 (UTC)
She received 2017 ZeeTelugu Golden awardsfor Best actress Hari venu (talk) 15:11, 2 January 2018 (UTC)
Semi-protected edit request on 26 March 2016
Rahsut123 (talk) 16:55, 26 March 2016 (UTC) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kajal_Aggarwal
Please change Kajal Aggrawal ethnicity from punjabi to Marwari because aggrawals is a surname of Marwari people and she is a Marwari not Punjabi. And also please add her hindi film 'SINGHAM 2' in her films list. she has also played in this bollywood film.
THANK YOU!
* Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. Eve rgr een Fir (talk) Please {{re}} 22:30, 26 March 2016 (UTC)
About what 4
Nothing Muhammed Amjad.S (talk) 10:56, 28 April 2016 (UTC)
Semi-protected edit request on 25 May 2016
Controversy
Tamilcinefan (talk) 06:33, 25 May 2016 (UTC)
* Kajal clears the air on controversial kiss
Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format. Amccann421   (talk) 06:36, 25 May 2016 (UTC)
External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,
I have just modified 2 one external links on Kajal Aggarwal. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit User:Cyberpower678/FaQs for additional information. I made the following changes:
* Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.ibtimes.co.in/temper-box-office-collection-junior-ntr-starrer-gross-66-75-crore-worldwide-625021
* Corrected formatting/usage for http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/paayum-puli-review-suseenthiran-takes-a-tried-and-tested-script-to-make-it-look-fresh/1/465817.html
Cheers.—cyberbot II Talk to my owner :Online 20:46, 11 June 2016 (UTC)
Semi-protected edit request on 6 December 2016
Kajaism- kajal agarwal has a huge fan following down south India. She was the only actress to have an ism. Her fans celebrate kajalism day on 20th december every year. Srskanha (talk) 21:06, 6 December 2016 (UTC)
* Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format. JTP ( talk • contribs) 21:10, 6 December 2016 (UTC)
Gourav Sandral
I m loving her vry much but she doesn,t know how much I love her. Gouravsandral (talk) 19:09, 10 December 2016 (UTC)
Semi-protected edit request on 20 January 2017
Please remove the quote in the box "I prefer Telugu film industry as women are respected more than they are in the Tamil film industry. In Tamil cinema, they care only about their hero. Of course, I don't give a shit and go and sit in my van.
— Aggarwal about the difference she felt between Telugu and Tamil industry.[49]" because this is demeaning a regional film industry and is irrelevant to Commercial success column. Thank you. MG0435 (talk) 03:10, 20 January 2017 (UTC)
* Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: as per WP:CENSOR. DRAGON BOOSTER ★ 14:43, 20 January 2017 (UTC)
Semi-protected edit request on 6 March 2017
Srskanha (talk) 21:50, 6 March 2017 (UTC)
* Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format. DRAGON BOOSTER ★ 04:09, 7 March 2017 (UTC)
Semi-protected edit request on 6 March 2017
mention about kavalai vendam and khaidi no 150 box office success in her career here i am giving you a link about kavalai vendam. The movie recieved mixed to positive reviews from critics. her performance in the movie was praised by critics and audience. Srskanha (talk) 22:04, 6 March 2017 (UTC)
* Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. DRAGON BOOSTER ★ 04:09, 7 March 2017 (UTC)
Semi-protected edit request on 8 March 2017
Srskanha (talk) 18:16, 8 March 2017 (UTC) Please request your change in the form "Please replace XXX with YYY" or "Please add ZZZ between PPP and QQQ". Please also cite reliable sources to back up your request, without which no information should be added to, or changed in, any article. - Arjayay (talk) 18:38, 8 March 2017 (UTC)
* Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: as you have not requested a change.
Semi-protected edit request on 30 March 2017
{{subst:trim| {{subst:void|State UNAMBIGUOUSLY your suggested changes, preferably in a "change X to Y" format. Other editors need to know what to — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2405:204:6001:D839:7C98:15C2:336C:9C41 (talk • contribs)
* Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format. DRAGON BOOSTER ★ 06:28, 30 March 2017 (UTC)
External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,
I have just modified 7 external links on Kajal Aggarwal. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20141112151152/http://www.idlebrain.com/trade/magadheera-bozofficelegend.html to http://www.idlebrain.com/trade/magadheera-bozofficelegend.html
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150222154518/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/telugu-review-businessman-is-a-must-watch/221104-62-131.html to http://ibnlive.in.com/news/telugu-review-businessman-is-a-must-watch/221104-62-131.html
* Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.ibtimes.co.in/box-office-collection-ram-charans-govindudu-andarivadele-gav-mints-over-41-crore-612912
* Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.ibtimes.co.in/temper-review-round-jr-ntr-gets-thumbs-critics-623400%22%27Temper%27
* Corrected formatting/usage for http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/Temper/movie-review/46235000.cms
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150201152207/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/siima-2014-telugu-nominations-pawan-kalyans-attarintiki-daredi-nominated-12-categories-list-604920 to http://www.ibtimes.co.in/siima-2014-telugu-nominations-pawan-kalyans-attarintiki-daredi-nominated-12-categories-list-604920
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20160303222803/http://siima.in/nominations/ to http://siima.in/nominations/
Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot (Report bug) 09:43, 1 May 2017 (UTC)
Semi-protected edit request on 2 May 2017
in early life Her father, Suman Aggarwal is an entrepreneur in textile business and her mother Vinay Aggarwal is a confectioner[2] and also Kajal’s business manager.
correct father and mother names Her father, Vinay Aggarwal is an entrepreneur in textile business and her mother Suman Aggarwal is a confectioner[2] and also Kajal’s business manager. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:30, 2 May 2017 (UTC)
* Yes check.svg Done DRAGON BOOSTER ★ 07:14, 3 May 2017 (UTC)
Hello
Hello mam Kajal Agerwal (talk) 13:44, 3 July 2017 (UTC)
Semi-protected edit request on 14 August 2017
please change "In January 2017, a poll conducted by the Hyderabad Times,She topped the list of Most Desirable Woman 2016." to "In January 2017, a poll conducted by the Hyderabad Times,She topped the list of Most Desirable Woman 2016. Her latest release Nene Raju Nene Mantri opened to positive reviews. Her portrayal as Radha alongside Rana Daggubati was highly praised by the critics." <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:44, 14 August 2017 (UTC)
* Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. jd22292 (Jalen D. Folf) (talk) 19:00, 14 August 2017 (UTC)
Kajal
My favorite Vijay Kanhaiya Lal Maurya (talk) 13:29, 15 April 2018 (UTC)
Semi-protected edit request on 2 June 2018
* Awards::
Zee Telugu Apsara Awards 2018
* Best Actress of the year-Kajal Aggarwal
* Actress of the Decade-Kajal Aggarwal Dheerajkumar Pittala (talk) 01:17, 2 June 2018 (UTC)
* ❌- please provide a reliable source for this claim. Tolly 4 bolly 01:28, 2 June 2018 (UTC)
Regarding Data
Height and source of height both are fake Afzalkhan76 (talk) 09:57, 21 July 2018 (UTC)
Semi-protected edit request on 23 January 2020
Kajal Aggarwal: Age, Height, Movies, Instagram, HD Photos, Images, Wiki Thesaurabhbisht (talk) 17:52, 23 January 2020 (UTC)
* ❌. It's not clear what change you want to make. –Deacon Vorbis (carbon • videos) 18:14, 23 January 2020 (UTC)
Semi-protected edit request on 19 June 2020
Father name - Suman Aggarwal Mother name - Vinay Aggarwal Please change accordingly Makkarpaiyan (talk) 09:36, 19 June 2020 (UTC)
* Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. Jack Frost (talk) 12:30, 19 June 2020 (UTC)
Semi-protected edit request on 23 July 2020
please can I edit please, please — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:33, 23 July 2020 (UTC)
Semi-protected edit request on 15 December 2020
Kajal aggarwal is the first south actress to have her wax statue in Madame tussauds museum. her wax statue was unvieled on february fifth 2020 at Madame tussauds, singapore. As this is a very significant thing in her career, i think it needs to be on her wikipedia page source:https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/kajal-aggarwal-becomes-first-south-indian-actress-to-get-wax-statue-at-madame-tussauds-see-pics-1643392-2020-02-05#:~:text=After%20Mahesh%20Babu%20and%20Prabhas,Madame%20Tussauds%20museum%20in%20Singapore.&text=Kajal%20Aggarwal%20is%20over%20the,Madame%20Tussauds%20museum%20in%20Singapore. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 10:50, 15 December 2020 (UTC)
* Already added, like in February 2020. Check the lead. - Fylindfotberserk (talk) 12:48, 15 December 2020 (UTC)
do they?
does kajal agarwals(actress)(Telugu others) moms business have any connection with agarwal bhavan of chennai? Windsurfmango16 (talk) 00:13, 5 June 2024 (UTC)
* Hi, Please be clear on what you're saying? Fade258 (talk) 01:11, 5 June 2024 (UTC) | WIKI |
When Does Your Computer Need A Hard Drive
When Does Your Computer Need A Hard Drive
Hard drives are storage media used to store private files like videos, music, documents, etc. There are two types of hard drives, external and internal drives, the internal is the type the computer can’t do without. Files cannot be received or processed without a place to get saved, that is operating on 0 KB, the computer won’t even function. No system can work without space, all computers need internal drive to work. A person can resort to having an external drive, but, that is to extend existing space already in the system. The focus here is this, how important is a hard drive to you?
Before any further review, let's first
Before any further review, let’s first understand to an extent what computers are made up of and how they run. Let’s take an in-depth look at various brands, operating system, chip set, storage space, ROM and RAM. Once we do this, then, we can understand fully while all computers need a hard drive, if all computers do need it at all or if a hard drive is enough for each computer. There are so many existing brands from HP to Toshiba to Dell to Samsung, the list is endless. More importantly, what kind of person are you or what are you using your PC for? It is important to note that the internal storage of PC’s range from 32 GB to 3 TB with the ram ranging from 512 MB to 14+ GB.
When Does Your Computer Need A Hard Drive
As a gamer, a heavy gamer precisely, you most likely will need much space plus backup to enable smooth gaming process. For example, if more than 52 games are downloaded on your PC, there would be a need to have at least one hard drive. Possession of an external storage is dependent on use, a data entry expert won’t have a need for an external storage if such person is using a laptop with up to 1 TB of space. Before getting a hard drive, pay attention to what it will be needed. If viewed from a different angle, computer owners would rather have their files saved or backed up in an external drive. This is to safeguard information in case of sensitive info or to prevent virus corruption.
It is also portable and easy to carry around than a system with CPU, UPS, a keyboard, etc. The office might require a presentation the next, it might be bulky to carry your laptop or PC from one place to another. And you would rather carry your portable drive, connect to the projector, make your presentation. Seeing as this is a necessary factor in a computer, a person has to be careful and analyze what PC or laptop they pick off the rack. There can only be an outer extension but the default internal dedicated drive cannot be extended or increased. Consider going for the highest possible GB’s (that is, in ROM and RAM) so you do not experience any system lag of malfunction. Remember this, a person doesn’t have to be a gamer or a software developer or a cryptocurrency miner to go for the highest GB available. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 76.djvu/291
76 STAT. ]
PUBLIC LAW 87-554-JULY 27, 1962
243
TITLE VII RESERVE FORCES FACILITIES
SEC. 701. Section 2233a of title 10, United States Code, is amended to read as follows: <'§ 2233a. Limitation "(1) No expenditure or contribution that is more than $50,000 may be made under section 2233 of this title for any facility until after the expiration of thirty days from the date upon which the Secretary of Defense or his designee notifies the Senate and the House of Representatives of the location, nature, and estimated cost of such facility. This requirement does not apply to the following: " (a) Facilities acquired by lease. " (b) Facilities acquired, constructed, expanded, rehabilitated, converted, or equipped to restore or replace facilities damaged dr destroyed, where the Senate and the House of Representatives have been notified of that action. "(2) Under such regulations as the Secretary of Defense may prescribe, any project authorized pursuant to section 2233(a) which does not cost more than $25,000 may be accomplished from appropriations available for maintenance and operations." SEC. 702. Subject to chapter 133 of title 10, United States Code, the Secretary of Defense may establish or develop additional facilities for the Reserve Forces, including the acquisition of land therefor, but the cost of such facilities shall not exceed— (1) for Department of the Army: (a) Army National Guard of the United States, $11,000,000; and (b) Army Reserve. $9,900,000; (2) tor Department or the Navy: Naval and Marine Corps Reserves, $8,200,000; (3) for Department of the Air Force: (a) Air National Guard of the United States, $12,700,000; and (b) Air Force Reserve, $4,700,000. SEC. 703. The Secretary of Defense may establish or develop installations and facilities under this title without regard to sections 3648 and 3734 of the Revised Statutes, as amended, and sections 4774(d) and 9774(d) of title 10, United States Code. The authority to place permanent or temporary improvements on land includes authority for surveys, administration, overhead, planning, and supervision incident to construction. That authority may oe exercised before title to the land is approved under section 355 of the Revised Statutes, as amended, and even though the land is held temporarily. The authority to acquire real estate or land includes authority to make surveys and to acquire land, and interests in land (including temporary use) J by gift, purchase, exchange of Government-owned land, or otherwise. SEC. 704. As of July 1, 1963, all authorizations for specific facilities for reserve forces to be accomplished by the Secretary of Defense, and all authorizations for appropriations therefor, that are contained in the Reserve Forces Facilities Act of 1960, and not superseded or otherwise modified by a later authorization, are repealed, except the authorizations for facilities for the reserve forces as to which appropriated funds have been obligated in whole or in part before July 1, 1963, and authorizations for appropriations therefor.
72 Stat. ees.
7OA Stat. 121; ''^ ^*°*' ^^^'*'
70A Stat. 120. 2238.^^^ ^^^^'
Land improve™«"*«' •*"=• 31 USC 529: ^^y^^rstlt^lV.' 590.
40 USC 255.
Partial repeals. 74 Stat. isu.
� | WIKI |
#
# This file is part of Config-Model-OpenSsh
#
# This software is Copyright (c) 2008-2021 by Dominique Dumont.
#
# This is free software, licensed under:
#
# The GNU Lesser General Public License, Version 2.1, February 1999
#
use strict;
use warnings;
return [
{
'author' => [
'Dominique Dumont'
],
'class_description' => 'Configuration class used by L<Config::Model> to edit or
validate /etc/ssh/ssh_config (as root)
',
'copyright' => [
'2013 Dominique Dumont'
],
'include' => [
'Ssh'
],
'license' => 'LGPL2',
'name' => 'SystemSsh',
'rw_config' => {
'backend' => 'OpenSsh::Ssh',
'config_dir' => '/etc/ssh',
'file' => 'ssh_config',
'os_config_dir' => {
'darwin' => '/etc'
}
}
}
]
; | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
How do I detect the network speed of a visitor?
Hello,
How do I detect the connection speed of a user that is visiting my page. Baiscally I want to know if they are dial-up, or high-speed of some sort. I need this for an analytics packaage I am writing.
Worth 500 points.
Thanks,
Rick
richardsimnettAsked:
Who is Participating?
abogothyCommented:
I've found a solution which is simple, but gives usable connection speed info. Put lines following lines into php:
function microtime_diff($a, $b) {
list($a_dec, $a_sec) = explode(" ", $a);
list($b_dec, $b_sec) = explode(" ", $b);
return $b_sec - $a_sec + $b_dec - $a_dec;
}
function test_speed($test_size) {
flush();
$start_time = microtime();
$comment = "<!--O-->";
$len = strlen($comment);
for($i = 0; $i < $test_size; $i += $len) {
echo $comment;
}
flush();
$duration = microtime_diff($start_time, microtime());
if($duration != 0) {
return $test_size / $duration / 1024;
}
else {
return log(0);
}
}
$speed = test_speed(1024);
if($speed > 50) { // a fast connection, send more byte for more accuracy
$speed = test_speed(10240);
if($speed > 500) { // a really fast connection, send even more byte for
more accuracy
$speed = test_speed(102400);
}
}
echo sprintf("Download speed is %0.3f kb/s", $speed);
0
aseusaincCommented:
You cant get that info directly. Best you could do is create a bandwidth test, by maybe having them upload a file, and determining the time it took to upload X bytes. But there is no #users_connection_speed# type variable.
0
richardsimnettAuthor Commented:
aseusainc,
I have found that the solution is to purchase an aggregate database containing ip ranges, and associated net speeds. Its simply a matter of having this table in a database, and querying the incoming IP against it. It has proven to be about 90% accurate so far.
-Rick
0
aseusaincCommented:
Spiffy, what database did you end up going with? The ones I saw seemed pretty darn pricey :(
0
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From novice to tech pro — start learning today. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Inaktivatsiia transkriptsionnykh faktorov C/EBP spetsificheski vliiaet na sinapticheskuiu plastichnost' neirona vinogradnoi ulitki.
Translated title of the contribution: Transcription factors C/EBP inhibition specifically affects synaptic plasticity in the snail's neuron
V. P. Nikitin, S. A. Kosyrev, A. V. Shevelkin
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
Abstract
In our previous investigations it was found that nociceptive sensitization is followed by a long-term facilitation of synaptic transmission in command neuron of defence behavior. The facilitation is translation- and transcription-dependent. Features of plasticity neurochemical mechanisms of different sensory inputs in the neural cells were determined. NMDA glutamate receptors, serotonin receptors, cAMP as well as serotonin-modulated protein SMP-69 are involved in mechanisms of induction of neural response facilitation in LPl 1 neuron evoked by chemical sensory stimulation of snail head. Protein kinase C is involved in synaptic facilitation-induction mechanisms from other sensory neural input--tactile receptors of snail "head". In this work, participation of C/EBP (CCAAT-enhancing-binding protein) immediate early gene transcription factor was established in mechanisms of synapse-specific plasticity during sensitization in LPl 1 neuron in snail Helix lucorum. Specific binding with C/EBP oligonucleotides were used as C/EBP inhibitors. It was found that sensitization during intracellular oligonucleotide injection selectively suppressed synaptic facilitation in LPl 1 neuron responses evoked by chemical sensory stimulation of snail "head". At the same time, development of synaptic facilitation of the neuron responses evoked by tactile stimulation of snail head or foot was the same as in control sensitized snails. It seems that C/EBP transcription factor is selectively involved in mechanisms of synapse-specific plasticity of sensory input in LPl 1 neuron from snail head chemoreceptors.
Translated title of the contributionTranscription factors C/EBP inhibition specifically affects synaptic plasticity in the snail's neuron
Original languageRussian
Pages (from-to)455-462
Number of pages8
JournalRossiiskii fiziologicheskii zhurnal imeni I.M. Sechenova / Rossiiskaia akademiia nauk
Volume90
Issue number4
StatePublished - Apr 1 2004
Externally publishedYes
ASJC Scopus subject areas
• Medicine(all)
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Talk:What Men Want (1930 film)
Page title change
I propose changing the name of this article to What Men Want (1930 film) to better distinguish it from the 2019 film, since most people on Wikipedia nowadays will be looking for the latter when typing it in. I'm not saying we should also change the page title of the 2019 movie, but it certainly appears a disambiguation is warranted. Songwaters (talk) 17:48, 8 February 2019 (UTC)
* You can kick off a WP:RM discussion. I'm not quite sure where I stand. The 2019 film will be briefly popular, but it seems too premature to rearrange article titles because of that. Erik (talk | contrib) (ping me) 20:46, 8 February 2019 (UTC)
Requested move 8 February 2019
* The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.
The result of the move request was: Moved Clear consensus is that the 1930 film is not the primary topic of this title (non-admin closure) В²C ☎ 21:24, 15 February 2019 (UTC)
What Men Want → What Men Want (1930 film) – To better distinguish it from the 2019 film, since most people on Wikipedia now (and probably in the future) will be looking for the latter when typing it in. Songwaters (talk) 21:01, 8 February 2019 (UTC)
* Oppose - WP:RECENTISM and WP:CRYSTALBALL. This is a WP:TWODABS situation, with no other entries to build a separate DAB page upon. As such, Creating a DAB won't get readers to the new film any faster, and preference for primary should be given to the long-term significance of the 90-year old film over the recent one. -- Netoholic @ 21:55, 8 February 2019 (UTC)
* Oppose per Netoholic. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:00, 8 February 2019 (UTC)
* Support. The 1930 film appears to be obscure and cannot be regarded as a primary topic simply because it is old. With regards to WP:NOPRIMARY & WP:PRIMARYTOPIC, long-term significance for the 1930 film is somewhat dubious, whereas usage (comparing |What_Men_Want pageviews from the last six months) is fairly unequivocal. PC78 (talk) 23:02, 8 February 2019 (UTC)
* Support. The 1930 film got roughly 3 hits a day in 2018 and has 18 votes on IMDB. I really don't think it has any claim to be the primary topic based on supposed "significance", which I've seen no evidence of. If anything, I'd be inclined to support putting the 2019 film at the base name, simply because it's bound to beat the 1930 film in pageviews by a fair amount for quite a while (although admittedly, it's probably too soon to make such a statement). Nohomersryan (talk) 03:32, 9 February 2019 (UTC)
* Support per nom and Nohomersryan. There's no strong claim to being the primary topic based on page views or sustained coverage, and it is not unlikely that the 2019 film will likely sustain far-greater views moving forward. For now, moving the 1930 film away from the base title is appropriate -- Whats new?(talk) 07:11, 9 February 2019 (UTC)
* Support. This article averaged 8 views per day last year. This year it's gone from under 50 to well over 300 as of yesterday (8 Feb). Meanwhile What Men Want (2019 film) has gone from 2,000 hits/day to over 16,000. It's obvious the 2019 film is the overwhelming WP:primary topic and that roughly 90% of the men (and women) now landing on What Men Want want the new film. It should be moved to the base name as soon as the handful of wikilinks directed here can be cleaned up. Station1 (talk) 01:27, 10 February 2019 (UTC)
* Pure WP:RECENTISM. Most people get here via search engines, and those do not care (or even active ignore) our page titles because they instead use keywords and context. In ten years time, is anyone going to claim they know for sure this film will continue to get that many views? Temporary boosts in views should never be used as justification for a move. -- Netoholic @ 23:56, 10 February 2019 (UTC)
* Yes, I will claim to know that for sure. Or, well, at least I'm 99% sure. (Not really about whether the spiked pageviews because of the release will continue, just that if you were to move the pages now, it'd likely hold up over time.) If you look at any random romantic comedy from 2009 that was theatrically released, they almost always get at least 100 views a day. But that's a bit vague, so let's have a look at the other films by Adam Shankman, the guy who directed this What Men Want movie. Lucky me, they all fit inside of one pageviews analysis. As you can see, most of these movies are at least a decade old. The lowest one there, Bringing Down the House, was released 16 years ago, doesn't appear especially fondly regarded, and still gets 29 times the daily page views of this 1930 What Men Want movie. So yes, I think there's solid evidence to suggest this movie won't crater to below 8 views a day in a decade's time. But I'm getting a bit ahead of myself here... Nohomersryan (talk) 00:55, 11 February 2019 (UTC)
* A temporary spike as one would expect from a new film should not dominate over long-term best interests of the encyclopedia. If page views (even very large bumps) were the only factor and we stopped evaluating long-term significance (did I mention this is a 90-year old film we're talking about here?), then we wouldn't even need an RM process as such could moves could be automated based on the page view stats. -- Netoholic @ 08:58, 11 February 2019 (UTC)
* The statement "Most people get here via search engines, and those do not care (or even active ignore) our page titles because they instead use keywords and context" is absolutely correct, but that applies to almost all page moves. Titles don't affect the vast majority. But in this case, the number of people landing on "What Men Want" has spiked from 8 per day to 174 yesterday. Therefore approximately 166 people were surprised to be on a page where they didn't want to be. That number will go down, but still a small but significant number will be on the "wrong" article for the foreseeable future. The original comment that "Creating a DAB won't get readers to the new film any faster" is also correct. If the 2019 film is not moved to "What Men Want", there's no real benefit to a move. Station1 (talk) 06:29, 11 February 2019 (UTC)
* Moving the 2019 is not part of this move request. I think you aren't the only one misinterpreting that. -- Netoholic @ 08:58, 11 February 2019 (UTC)
* Not a misinterpretation. We're not a bureaucracy, so if discussion leads to a closing admin agreeing that there is a consensus based on policy to move the 2019 film to the plain title, it would be perfectly appropriate to do so. If not, an RM at the 2019 film could be started immediately after cleaning up incoming wikilinks. Station1 (talk) 19:25, 11 February 2019 (UTC)
* The "recentism" argument would seem a lot more pertinent if this were a discussion about making the new film the primary topic; that isn't the case, it's about saying that the older film isn't the primary topic, and I'm struggling to see how you can argue against that. PC78 (talk) 07:59, 11 February 2019 (UTC)
* Some editors are suggesting that the 2019 film should be made primary, even though that's not part of the original request. -- Netoholic @ 08:58, 11 February 2019 (UTC)
* Indeed they are, but your opposition clearly goes further than that. :) PC78 (talk) 09:41, 11 February 2019 (UTC)
* You are correct that I did not mention making the 2019 film primary. But after reading this, I would support that; the 1930 film may be 90 years old, but that doesn't make it more noteworthy than the newer film and therefore more deserving of being the primary article. It's clear that going forward, the 2019 film will be the more well-known film. Songwaters (talk) 17:34, 11 February 2019 (UTC)
* And there is the WP:CRYSTALBALL. For all we know, this film could flop and in 10 years be a forgotten footnote. Stop guessing how things will be. --Netoholic @ 18:30, 11 February 2019 (UTC)
* Actually, the 2019 film has opened at #2, and is a remake of a very noteworthy film. But future foreseeing notwithstanding, this is about adding (1930 film) to the title of this film to better distinguish it, since no evidence has been provided that the 1930 film has any more significance than the 2019 film. So even though I would support make the 2019 film the base title, that is not the purpose of this talk. Songwaters (talk) 18:48, 11 February 2019 (UTC)
* We need not consider what will happen 10 years from now. WP is dynamic, and if things change, we can change. Right now, approximately 2,000 times as many people are interested in the new film as the old film. If things change in a few months, never mind 10 years, we can move it back. Station1 (talk) 19:32, 11 February 2019 (UTC)
* Strong Support per obviousness. —Xezbeth (talk) 13:15, 11 February 2019 (UTC)
* Support per WP:NCFILM and WP:NOPRIMARY. --IJBall (contribs • talk) 21:34, 11 February 2019 (UTC)
| WIKI |
Azadi Chowk
Azadi Chowk (, "Liberty Interchange"; also known as Minar-e-Pakistan Chowk, "Minar-e-Pakistan Interchange"), is a large elevated roundabout in Lahore, capital of Punjab, Pakistan. Azadi Chowk is near the Minar-e-Pakistan monument, where the ceremony of the Pakistan Resolution was conducted, resulting in the creation of Pakistan. As one of the Lahore's major entry points, the interchange is usually busy.
Statistics | WIKI |
Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Chinnereth
Chinnereth : Lyre, the singular form of the word (Deut. 3:17; Josh. 19:35), which is also used in the plural form, Chinneroth, the name of a fenced city which stood near the shore of the lake of Galilee, a little to the south of Tiberias. The town seems to have given its name to a district, as appears from 1 Kings 15:20, where the plural form of the word is used.
The Sea of Chinnereth (Num. 34:11; Josh. 13:27), or of Chinneroth (Josh. 12: 3), was the "lake of Gennesaret" or "sea of Tiberias" (Deut. 3:17; Josh. 11:2). Chinnereth was probably an ancient Canaanitish name adopted by the Israelites into their language. | WIKI |
User:Skysmith/Missing topics about Mathematics
Missing articles about mathematics and measurements
Thanks for User:Dominus, User:jimbbelk User:Michael Hardy, User:Hyacinth, User:Jheald, User:Ozob, User:Spondoolicks & User:Sławomir Biały, User:Staeckw, User:Zundach & User:ZX95 for helping with this page
Mathematical terminology
* After-change scenario -
* Autonomous variable -
* Average out -
* Average run length (ARL) -
* Avogram -
* Baer–Krull correspondence -
* Bang-bang principle –
* Beck line -
* Beta spline -
* Bilateral Accident Model bilateral accident model -
* Boundary Loss boundary loss -
* Canonical Invariant Canonical invariant -
* Centrality measure -
* change equation -
* Closed union -
* Combinational gate -
* Combinatorial identities -
* Common Monomial Factor Common monomial factor -
* Complexity quotient -
* Continuum spectrum -
* Cumulative -
* Derived measurement, indirect measurement - /
* Differential expression -
* error accumulation -
* Factorial Digits factorial digit -
* Fixed sum error -
* Formal (mathematics) -
* Function arrow -
* Galton point -
* Graded tensor product -
* Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation -
* Growth gradient -
* Haferman carpet -
* Harmonic construction -
* Hyperbolic segment -
* Index error, zero error -
* Index laws index law –
* Joint ratio -
* Kinked curve -
* Langevin Rate Coefficient -
* Least squares mean -
* Local gauge -
* Locality (field) -
* Mathematical system ring -
* Midpoint value -
* Multi-fractal measure -
* Multi-fractal measures -
* Nanofractal -
* Negative decline -
* Noncomputability -
* Normalized mean -
* NSC number -
* Numeric field -
* Numericord -
* Omnicompetence -
* Parameter identification -
* Percentile range -
* Polynomially compact -
* Probability of failure -
* Progressive system -
* Quinquesection -
* Random match probability (RMP) -
* Ratio chart -
* Realism (mathematics) -
* Reference priors reference prior -
* Scouting function -
* Sen's property alpha -
* spherical degree -
* Stake isomorphism -
* Sufficient To Prove -
* Suzuki distribution -
* Symmetric component -
* Symplectic flow -
* Tensor maximum principle -
* Topological function -
* Trimedian -
* Unitary invariance –
* Wadge class –
* Ω-category –
Equations, functions and formulas
* Abakanowicz Integraph - - (spelt "integraph" in Bruno Abakanowicz article)
* Adjoint differential equation -
* Applicable λ-function -
* Biot-Fourier equation -
* Brest-Wigner equation -
* Callendar's equation -
* Casimir's Function Casimir's function -
* Clausius equation -
* Continuous distribution function -
* Contracted Schrodinger Equation -
* Dahlin's algorithm -
* Equation of the equinoxes -
* Equations of lines -
* Euler-Savary equation -
* Halley's irrational formula -
* Homogeneous linear ordinary difference equation -
* Hopcroft minimization algorithm -
* Information Dispersal Algorithm -
* L-cubed algorithm -
* Laplace series - Note Spherical harmonics analogue of Fourier series -- see Mathworld
* Lattice Green's function -
* Painlevé Problem Painlevé problem -
* Policy gradient algorithms Policy gradient algorithm -
* Radiometer Equation Radiometer equation -
* Rosenbluth equation -
* Sardaryan's formulas -
* Sedon equation -
* Self-Fourier function -
* Shalvi–Weinstein algorithm -
* Winograd algorithm -
Eponymic terms
* Casimir Trick Casimir trick -
* Chern-Simons Angle Chern-Simons angle -
* Cook's constant -
* Ettorre's Observation -
* Feigenbaum's period-doubling cascade - -- our article on period doubling bifurcation doesn't get into period-doubling cascades (but maybe should); we have Feigenbaum's constant, but it doesn't give much motivation
* Fenton's Approximation -
* Fiddler's factor -
* Gauss space -
* Generalized Calabi-Yau -
* Lagrange fundamental bracket -
* Manneville-Pomeau phenomenon - -- equivalent to Pomeau–Manneville scenario? (stub) (transition to chaos/turbulence due to intermittency).
* Mountford's index of similarity -
* Poincaré elements Poincaré element -
* Quaternion Julia Set -
* Thomas-Reiche-Kuhn sum rule, f-sum rule - -- cf Sum rule in quantum mechanics; rather more motivation, explanation, exploration and history needed. We do also have Oscillator_strength
* Unfold Banach-Mazur game - -- cf Banach–Mazur game
* Wigner–Ville transform -
Mathematical problems
* False minimum problem -
* Hospitals/residents problem - -- discussed at National Resident Matching Program (a real world case); generalises the stable marriage problem
* Interview problem -
* Schauder's basis problem - - cf Schauder basis. The "problem" (ac to the talk page) was "whether every countable space has a (Schauder) basis". Article doesn't much seem to discuss this.
* Small divisions problem -
* Wang's problem - -- redirect to Domino problem or Wang tile ? (merge or cleanup needed)
* Weighted matching problem -
* Von Neumann problem –
Mathematical methods
* 3D geometric model -
* Adaptive Plotting adaptive plotting -
* Alphanumeric sort -
* Averaging up or down -
* Barycentre calculus -
* Bayesian inversion -
* Bell Number Diagrams bell number diagram -
* Boundary integral method -
* Cold hit search -
* Collatz Paths Collatz path -
* Combinatorial operation -
* Combinatorial pattern matching -
* Confirmation analysis -
* Copernicus method -
* Core variable -
* Counterpoise method substitution weighing -
* Cressman algorithm -
* Differentiation calculus -
* Direct Lyapunov approach -
* Distance determination -
* EIH approximation -
* Empirical Pseudopotential Method -
* Euler-Lagrange PDE minimization -
* Factorization methods -
* Functional analysis (mathematics) -
* Herget's Method -
* Inference algorithms -
* Interconversion equation -
* Interpolated resolution -
* Iterative operation -
* Many-times formulation -
* Maximal analytic extension -
* Mini-bucket elimination -
* Modulus Counting modulus counting -
* Multi Variable Optimization -
* Multivariate algebra -
* Nested relational algebra -
* Non-standard functional analysis -
* Number manipulation -
* Optimal control of calculus of variation –
* Optimum factor allocation -
* Orthogonal Circle Inversion -
* Pair approximation -
* Path diagrams path diagram -
* Permutation Tree permutation tree -
* Pollard-Strassen method -
* Problem definition -
* Retrospective calculation -
* Search strategy -
* Second-order methods -
* Single Variable Optimization -
* Smoothing via Iterative Averaging –
* Stable Matching with Ties -
* Stochastic arithmetic –
Mathematical tools
* Counting stick -
* Gold slide -
* Graphical filing table -
* Stadia tables stadia table -
Tests
* Efron-Petrosian test -
* Van Elteren stratified Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test -
Geometry
* Anti-symmetric component -
* Bohemian Dome -
* Compass Tiling compass tiling -
* Complement Tiling complement tiling -
* Diphantine analysis -
* Eutrigon theorem -
* Geometric Multiplication geometric multiplication -
* Geometric square -
* Lucerne ellipsoid -
* Normal axis –
* Noun-euclidean geometry -
* Numbered Cube numbered cube -
* Propp circles propp circle -
* Symbolon Hemisphere -
* Weyl geometry –
* Witt space -
Statistics
* Area sampling -
* Balancing item -
* Belt graph -
* Bimodal curve -
* Centrogram -
* Centrography -
* Coefficient of contingency, contingency coefficient C -
* Column heading -
* Comparative statistics -
* Complex statistics -
* Continuous Ramsey theory -
* Correct for clustering -
* Covariance analysis -
* Criterion score -
* Critical ratio –
* Curve of probability -
* Derivative-free methods -
* Eclectic probability -
* Essentially stationary -
* Exclusion restriction -
* First order methods -
* Fourfold table -
* Friedman x 2/r test -
* H test -
* Independent statistics, inferential inductive statistics -
* Joint-count statistics -
* Kendall partial rank correlation, partial rank correlation -
* Logical relation theory of probability -
* Moses test -
* Optimal statistical interpolation -
* Probability weighting -
* Probability-loss-resource problems -
* Problem definition -
* Regularity condition -
* Standard consolidated area -
* Static group -
* Statistical approximation -
* Statistical attenuation -
* Statistical criterion -
* statistical data interpretation -
* Statistical displacement -
* Statistical entailment analysis -
* Statistical equilibrium -
* Statistical function -
* Statistical interpolation -
* Statistical norm -
* Statistical practice -
* Statistical rank -
* Statistical study checklist -
* Statistical table -
* Statistical tool -
* Two-stage sampling -
* Wald-Wolfowitz ruins test -
* Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed ranks test –
Logic
* Logic and foundations –
* Then-clause -
Theories and theorems
* Abelian theorems -
* Agnes Allen's Law -
* Algorithmic-heuristic theory -
* Alpha-beta theorem -
* Alternation theorem -
* Alternative theorem -
* Analytical Theory of Probability -
* Approximation theorem -
* Bayes' theory of statistical sampling -
* Bayesian Chain Rule -
* Bhargava's theorem -
* Causal Bayesian network -
* Central limit theorem for mixing processes -
* Cook's law -
* Curtis's convergence theorem -
* Fasbender theorem -
* Fetridge's Law -
* Fixed point theorem (mathematics) -
* Gabber rigidity theorem -
* Griffiths transversality theorem -
* Group theory (mathematics) -
* Hamilton's compactness theorem -
* Heine's theorem -
* Impossibility theorem (mathematics) -
* Index laws index law -
* Jackson-Bernstein theorem - - see Jackson's inequality, Bernstein's theorem (approximation theory)
* Korovkin theorems -
* Kupka-Smale theorem -
* Larmor's theorem -
* Larmos's theorem -
* Laws of Exponents law of exponents -
* Leibniz's theorem -
* Liapunov convexity theorem -
* Liousternik theorem -
* M-dependent central limit theorem -
* Maclaurin's theorem -
* Maximum value theorem -
* Metric density theorem -
* Monodromy theorem of Darboux -
* Moser's twist theorem -
* Motzkin's theorem -
* Napier's rules -
* Non-standard measure theory -
* Normatic theory -
* Personalist theory of probability -
* Postulate of derived proportions -
* Range theories of probability -
* Ratio theorem -
* Reciprocal theorem -
* Seegler's theorem -
* Selberg series -
* Separation theorem of Mazur -
* Steinmetz's law -
* Support theorem -
* Systems theory (mathematics) –
* Three circle theorem -
Lemmas
* Cauchy lemma -
* Closing lemma -
Organizations and congresses
* Congress of Mathematicians –
* Finnish Mathematical Society -
* Mathematics Education Trust (MET) –
* Standard Statistics Company –
* Union of Bulgarian Mathematicians -
* Union of Slovak Mathematicians and Physicists -
Measures
* Ackie, West African measure of gold -
* Acre-breath (22 yards) -
* Ash-free dry weight (AFDW) -
* Busheling -
* Cover (unit) -
* Crannock -
* Cubic measure -
* Dry Metric Ton -
* Dry weight rank method -
* Excise wine gallon -
* Exeligmos cycle, 54 years -
* Kilogram-meter, meter-kilogram -
* Mameita, Japanese measure of precious metal -
* Mass units mass unit -
* Measure of capacity -
* Measure of distance -
* Measure of surface measurement of surface surface measurement -
* Measurement of surface -
* Mechanical units mechanical unit -
* Meter-kilogram, meter-kilogram-force -
* Metric grain -
* Mil-inch -
* Mohr cubic centimeter -
* Oxhort (c. 57 gallons) -
* Parangs, Persian measure of length -
* Scoring and weighting -
* Square measure -
* Square pole, British measurement -
* Uten, Egyptian measure of value -
Calendars
* Calendar Calculator calendar calculator -
* Calendar History -
* Clog almanac, primitive Danish almanac -
* Constantan calendar -
* Permutating calendar -
* Round Calendar -
* Sequani calendar -
* Universal standard date -
History of mathematics
* Wasan mathematics, Japan -
Game theory
* Blackwell games - - this paper could be a useful source
Education
* Israel National Mathematics Curriculum -
* Mathematics Education Trust (MET) -
Studies
* Second International Mathematics Study (SIMS) -
* Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) –
Journals
* Monthly Digest of Statistics -
* Statistical News -
Miscellaneous
* Abstract of Regional Statistics -
* Barycentric calculus -
* Circular histogram -
* Deligne groupoid -
* Distance paradox -
* Encyclopedia Einaudi -
* Fatilary calculus (hoax) -
* Foraminal arc -
* Four-pi number -
* Fourier transformation of fluorescence signals -
* Incompatibility error -
* Integer arithmetic -
* Internal Froude Number -
* Isometric grid -
* Israel National Mathematics Curriculum -
* Kulczynski index -
* Law of substitution -
* Levin-type sequence transformation -
* Lunar Calendar Maker -
* Macroscopic system -
* Math Songs math song -
* Mathematical computing -
* Mental Calculation World Championship -
* Meter rate -
* Motion Grouping motion grouping -
* Multiplication machine -
* Number pyramid -
* Numerical Flowers numerical flower -
* One way grids one way grid -
* Park-Levine Probability Model -
* Partial orders -
* Pictorial graph -
* Platonic mathematics -
* Polar area chart -
* Polyharmonics -
* Population Cube population cube -
* Publicise equations -
* Random fractal -
* range plotting -
* Rulebase -
* Self-delimiting program -
* Small denominators Small denominator -
* Small world model -
* Small-time local controllability -
* Sparse binary polynomial -
* Spiral tiling -
* Stadium paradox -
* Technical-mathematic proficiency -
* Transformation grid -
Mathematicians
* Abu'l Wafa, Arab mathematician -
* Akira Fujiki, Japanese mathematician -
* Andrea Rasmazdze, Georgian mathematician -
* Andrej Kobav (b 1593) Slovenian mathematician - -- see sl:Andrej Kobav
* Archil Kharadze, Georgian mathematics -
* Arturio Reghini, Italian mathematician -
* Fritz Grünewald, German mathematician -
* Georg Joachim Rhetie, Australian mathematician -
* Giorgi Mikoladze, Georgian mathematician -
* Harold P. Fawcett, US professor of mathematics -
* Ilik Vakua, Georgian physicist and mathematician-
* Michael Murray (mathematician) -
* Otmar Venjakob, German mathematician -
* Robert Huts (1553-1632) Mathematician and geographer -
* Roger Aper (1910- ) French mathematician-
* Shourryya Ray, German math whiz -
* Ufot Ekong, Nigerian-born mathematician -
* Ung-Young Kim, South Korean math prodigy -
Mental calculators
* Freddis Reyes Hernández -
* Myagmarsuren Tuuruul -
* Naofumi Ogasawara, mental calculator -
* Vito Mangiamele, Sicilian savant calculator - 4
Missing related books
* ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER> | WIKI |
Expanding URLs in Dabr / Twitter
by @edent | # # # # # | 7 comments | Read ~483 times.
I hate shortened URLs with a passion. It makes it hard to see what a link is and whether I've visited it before. If they fail - like tr.im threatened to do - you lose your links with no way to see where they once went.
So, hurrah for LongURLPlease - a service which takes those horrid little links and turns them in to full sized URLs.
Here's the basic code in PHP to use the service.
function long_url($shortURL)
{
//Use the LongURLPlease API
$url = "http://www.longurlplease.com/api/v1.1?q=" . $shortURL;
//Set up CURL
$curl_handle=curl_init();
curl_setopt($curl_handle,CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER,1);
curl_setopt($curl_handle,CURLOPT_URL,$url);
//Get the JSON response
$url_json = curl_exec($curl_handle);
//Close the connection
curl_close($curl_handle);
//Decode the JSON
$url_array = json_decode($url_json,true);
//Get the Long URL out of the array
$url_long = $url_array["$shortURL"];
if ($url_long == null) //The service couldn't find a long URL
{
return $shortURL;
}
return $url_long;
}
So, how should this be displayed to the user in Dabr?
There are three possibilities.
Display
<a href="short.url/foo">VeryVeryLong.Url/Bar</a>
This keeps the redirect, but it displays the full URL for the user.
Pros.
• Get to see what the content is.
• Allows the short URL service to record hits etc.
Cons.
• Won't highlight if you've already visited it.
• May cause problems if the VeryLong.Url is too long for the screen.
All Change
<a href="VeryVeryLong.Url/Bar">VeryVeryLong.Url/Bar</a>
This completely replaces the short URL.
Pros.
• Hurrah! No more silly URLs.
• Will highlight if you've already visited it.
• You can seen what you're about to click on.
Cons.
• Breaks any statistics management the short URL service was performing (is this a con? Surely the receiving website should be recording such details?)
• May cause problems if the VeryLong.Url is too long for the screen.
Background
<a href="VeryVeryLong.Url/Bar">short.url/foo</a>
Pros.
• Will highlight if you've already visited it.
• You can seen what you're about to click on if you hover over the URL.
• Won't cause problems if the URL is too long for the screen.
Cons.
• Breaks any statistics management the short URL service was performing (is this a con? Surely the receiving website should be recording such details?)
• User can't immediately see what they're about to click on.
Conclusions
I prefer replacing the URL completely. I see no value in the various short URL services. The stats that they gather don't seem any better that those your webserver can provide.
However, long URLs can be messy - especially on small screened devices.
Long URLs on a BlackBerry
Long URLs on a BlackBerry
So, which do you prefer?
7 thoughts on “Expanding URLs in Dabr / Twitter
1. Denny says:
I think you've missed one possibility that might appeal to you...
[a href="http://the.real.url/with/all/path/info.html"]page on the.real.url[/a] - or some other shortened form of the real URL as the link text .
Advantages: Gives people some clue of where they're going, without dumping a six line URL onto a small screen. For maximum w00t, you could only do the trim on the link text if it exceeds a specified length - say 30 chars or something? Loses the shortlink stat gathering.
Disadvantages: Need to make it clear that the link doesn't go to the site's root page. People would learn, I guess? Loses the shortlink stat gathering.
1. Hmmm.... a nice idea. The only issue is that you'd see tweets like
"This is the funniest thing EVER youtube.com"
or "I can't believe the President did that news.bbc.co.uk".
Which doens't give as much context as the full URL.
Perhaps the solution is somewhere in the middle. Show only the first , say, 50 chars of the URL. Enough to get context, but not so much to break things if the URL is huge.
2. ml says:
what about showing just the domain name like how they do on Slashdot
1. That's a great idea. The domain name gives a good clue as to what the content will be. I'll look in to it.
3. ml says:
here's how I did it:
function theme_external_link($url, $content = null) {
//Long URL functionality. Also uncomment function long_url($shortURL)
if (!$content)
{
$longurl = long_url($url);
$domain = parse_url(long_url($url));
if (setting_fetch('gwt') == 'on') {
$encoded = urlencode($longurl);
$longurl = "http://google.com/gwt/n?u=$encoded";
}
return "<a href='$longurl' target='_blank'>[".$domain["host"]."]</a>";
}
else
{
return "<a href='$url' target='_blank'>$content</a>";
}
}
I also moved the GWT modifications there since it doesn't handle all shortened urls well, plus I still wanted to get more URL context via the full link if I mousedover it
hope the code pastes in here correctly
4. ml says:
once I put this change in, I realized that it broke the image thumbnails
so I changed twitter_parse_tags as such:
$out = twitter_photo_replace($input).$out;
and changed twitter_photo_replace to only return the imploded images array
also I'm calling long_url($url) twice up there - yikes!
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Most people know that Karl Marx is the father of modern day socialism, but did you know that he had a lot of influential ideas that didn’t become popularized until much later? Here are 10 lesser known facts about Karl Marx you might not know.
He Worked For A Living
Before becoming a political philosopher, Karl Marx actually worked for a living. He was a very successful lawyer in Prussia (today’s Germany), and he worked hard enough that he was finally promoted to Inspector General, or chief inspector. However, he wasn’t satisfied and wanted to devote his life to political philosophy, so he quit his job and moved to London in 1843 to begin his career in writing.
He Fought For Irish Independence
During the early 19th century, Ireland was a part of the United Kingdom, and most of the people were not particularly happy that England was occupying their beautiful isle. In 1847, Marx published a famous article in The New York Tribune arguing that Ireland was economically dependent on the United Kingdom, and that a separation of the two was needed. This eventually led to the foundation of the Irish Socialist Society in 1848. However, this society was short-lived because it didn’t have enough members to survive, and Marx focused his efforts on political theory instead.
He Thought That Gold Was The Root Of All Evil
Like a lot of famous men of his time, Karl Marx was obsessed with gold. He believed that paper money was inherently unstable because it was based on either excessive greed or fear, and that it would inevitably lead to economic collapse. Instead of accepting this reality and trying to combat it, Marx decided to fight it by replacing all paper money and coins with a system of gold-backed currency. In his opinion, this would eliminate all the problems that were plaguing society. Of course, he was wrong.
He Had A Change Of Heart Regarding Women’s Suffrage
In 1857, Karl Marx visited the United States to give a series of lectures, and during his stay he became interested in the American Civil War. When he got back to Europe, he changed his mind about women’s suffrage, and in 1862 he published a famous article in the Deutsch-Amerikanische Annalen in which he denounced the movement. For the next 40 years, he didn’t mention women’s suffrage in any of his writings. His changed opinion wasn’t based on any sort of religious conversion, but on a desire to protect men’s right to vote.
He Doubted If Society Would Ever Learn To Collaborate
Karl Marx had some interesting things to say about society and the need for collaboration, as you might imagine from someone who was born in the middle of the 19th century. In an 1848 essay, he wrote: “If I were to prophesy, I would say that the conflict of the nineteenth century will not be between Liberals and Conservatives, as in the eighteenth century, but between different forms of democracy. The struggle will be for the rule of the people, in the place of the rule of the prince.” He went on to say that the major problem facing society was not poverty or unemployment, but the fact that people were not willing to cooperate and work together to solve these problems. This was in stark contrast to the Romantic ideal of the “noble savage” who existed in isolation from society and did everyone’s jobs for them.
He Was Against Discrimination
Most people know that Karl Marx was against discrimination, but did you know that he was specifically against racial discrimination? In a letter to his friend Friedrich Engels, he wrote: “Give me your honest opinion on what position I should take regarding the nigger question. Do you think that it is possible to get along with these people? What is your advice?” He also wrote in a letter to Frederick William IV of Prussia that he wasn’t in favor of the “utter extermination” of the Negro, and that he would be in favor of seeing them “throng our streets” as they are a “force to be reckoned with.”
He Was Inspired By The French Revolution
The French Revolution was one of the biggest events in human history, and it heavily influenced Karl Marx. Like the leaders of the French Revolution, Carl Marx believed that society had to be changed and that individual rights had to be taken into consideration. He also admired the way that the French Republic gave everyone an equal voice in the political process and allowed for the development of a more just society. However, he also criticized the French Revolution for creating economic chaos as well as fanning the flames of nationalism, which would later become a problem for Germany and other European countries. Nevertheless, the ideals of the French Revolution inspired Karl Marx, and he dedicated one of his most famous books to them: “Das Kapital.”
He Was An Early Adopter
Karl Marx was one of the earliest adopters of new technologies, and he spent a lot of time thinking about ways in which he could use the power of technology to help promote Socialist ideals. For example, in 1843, while still living in Germany, he published a paper arguing that the stage was the perfect medium for the dissemination of Socialist ideas. He wrote: “I am of the opinion that the most suitable and practicable method of communication for the purposes of Social Reform is the stage. It is the best possible medium for presenting principles in action, for explaining complicated ideas in an intelligible manner, and for impressing facts on the minds of the reader.” So, he not only used writing, but he also experimented with speech during his time on stage.
He Liked To Travel
Karl Marx liked to travel, and he even wrote a famous essay about the importance of traveling. In it, he discussed the value of a trip to Belgium, the freedom that traveling provides, and how much he appreciated the opportunity to broaden his horizons.
“Belgium is, to my mind, the best country for a walk. It is so delightful to look at the luxuriant vegetation of the meadows, the abundance of flowers, the clear blue sky, and the people who seem to be enjoying themselves so much,” he wrote.
He Thought The Workers Were The Reason Behind The Industrial Revolution
Karl Marx believed that the Industrial Revolution was not only important for its own sake, but that it was also a symptom of a broader problem. In a letter to his friend Engels in 1853, he wrote: “The emancipation of the working class must be the act of the working class themselves. The emancipation of the slaves was an act of the early Christians, the emancipation of women is an act of the women of this country, and the emancipation of the working class is the act of the working class.” In other words, the solution to society’s ills was not going to come from on high (the monarchy or the aristocracy), but from the people themselves, and this was the driving force behind the growth of Socialist and communist movements in the mid-19th century.
He Knew How To Party
Karl Marx was a very social person, and he loved to party. In fact, one of his nicknames was “Comrade,” and he often spent his time during his travels to different countries visiting friends and participating in social events with them. In many of his writings, there are references to his fondness for partying. In a letter to his friend Friedrich Engels, he wrote: “I can quite see that Political Economy, if you want to call it by its right name, is simply the science of the organization of labour, and that all the issues which it raises are mere administrative issues. Nevertheless, I still maintain that it is a very important subject because all revolutions and major social changes in history have always begun with a bang (literally) and ended up being a party.” So, even though he was probably not planning on it when he wrote this, Karl Marx’s theory of history would eventually lead, through Friedrich Engels, to the foundation of the modern day social sciences, namely sociology and political science.
He Dated A Married Woman
It’s no secret that Karl Marx was ahead of his time in terms of thinking outside of the box, but even by the standards of his day, it was a rather unconventional choice to date a married woman. In a letter to his friend Friedrich Engels, he wrote: “I have been told that my liaison with this woman is considered rather scandalous. These people don’t know how to take a joke. I assure you that it is not the case, and that I have the greatest discretion when it comes to matters of love and marriage.” So, although he didn’t end up marrying her, he did have some unusual experiences as a bachelor that would shape the rest of his life. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Tobias Böckers
Tobias M. Böckers is the head of the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (German: Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, (DZNE)) Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology at the University of Ulm. The focus of his work is translational protein biochemistry as it applies to neurodegenerative diseases such as ALS.
He was born in Rheda-Wiedenbrück on 2 August 1964. In 1991, he was awarded an M.D. by the University of Münster, where he also completed postdoctoral work in anatomy and molecular neurobiology in 1998.
He was President of the Anatomische Gesellschaft from 2010 to 2014. In 2019, he became a member of the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina. | WIKI |
v8.getHeapStatistics()
返回具有以下属性的对象：
does_zap_garbage 是一个 0/1 布尔值，表示是否启用了 --zap_code_space 选项。 这使得 V8 用位模式覆盖堆垃圾。 RSS 占用空间（常驻集的大小）会变得越来越大，因为它不断触及所有堆页面，这使得它们不太可能被操作系统交换出。
number_of_native_contexts native_context 的值是当前活动的顶层上下文的数量。 随着时间的推移，此数字的增加表示内存泄漏。
number_of_detached_contexts detached_context 的值是已分离但尚未回收垃圾的上下文数。 该数字不为零表示潜在的内存泄漏。
{
total_heap_size: 7326976,
total_heap_size_executable: 4194304,
total_physical_size: 7326976,
total_available_size: 1152656,
used_heap_size: 3476208,
heap_size_limit: 1535115264,
malloced_memory: 16384,
peak_malloced_memory: 1127496,
does_zap_garbage: 0,
number_of_native_contexts: 1,
number_of_detached_contexts: 0
}
Returns an object with the following properties:
does_zap_garbage is a 0/1 boolean, which signifies whether the --zap_code_space option is enabled or not. This makes V8 overwrite heap garbage with a bit pattern. The RSS footprint (resident set size) gets bigger because it continuously touches all heap pages and that makes them less likely to get swapped out by the operating system.
number_of_native_contexts The value of native_context is the number of the top-level contexts currently active. Increase of this number over time indicates a memory leak.
number_of_detached_contexts The value of detached_context is the number of contexts that were detached and not yet garbage collected. This number being non-zero indicates a potential memory leak.
{
total_heap_size: 7326976,
total_heap_size_executable: 4194304,
total_physical_size: 7326976,
total_available_size: 1152656,
used_heap_size: 3476208,
heap_size_limit: 1535115264,
malloced_memory: 16384,
peak_malloced_memory: 1127496,
does_zap_garbage: 0,
number_of_native_contexts: 1,
number_of_detached_contexts: 0
} | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
unboxing-vector: A newtype-friendly variant of unboxed vectors
[ bsd3, data, data-structures, library ] [ Propose Tags ]
Flags
Manual Flags
NameDescriptionDefault
mono-traversable
Define instances for MonoTraversable
Enabled
Use -f <flag> to enable a flag, or -f -<flag> to disable that flag. More info
Downloads
Maintainer's Corner
Package maintainers
For package maintainers and hackage trustees
Candidates
Versions [RSS] 0.1.0.0, 0.1.1.0, 0.2.0.0
Change log ChangeLog.md
Dependencies base (>=4.9 && <5), deepseq, mono-traversable, primitive, vector [details]
License BSD-3-Clause
Copyright 2020 ARATA Mizuki
Author ARATA Mizuki <minorinoki@gmail.com>
Maintainer ARATA Mizuki <minorinoki@gmail.com>
Category Data, Data Structures
Home page https://github.com/minoki/unboxing-vector#readme
Bug tracker https://github.com/minoki/unboxing-vector/issues
Source repo head: git clone https://github.com/minoki/unboxing-vector
Uploaded by aratamizuki at 2020-09-27T05:46:08Z
Distributions LTSHaskell:0.2.0.0, NixOS:0.2.0.0, Stackage:0.2.0.0
Reverse Dependencies 3 direct, 0 indirect [details]
Downloads 1660 total (30 in the last 30 days)
Rating (no votes yet) [estimated by Bayesian average]
Your Rating
• λ
• λ
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Status Docs available [build log]
Last success reported on 2020-09-27 [all 1 reports]
Readme for unboxing-vector-0.2.0.0
[back to package description]
unboxing-vector: A newtype-friendly variant of unboxed vectors
This package provides newtype-friendly wrappers for Data.Vector.Unboxed in vector package.
Description
Suppose you define a newtype for Int and want to store them in an unboxed vector.
import qualified Data.Vector.Unboxed as Unboxed
newtype Foo = Foo Int
vec :: Unboxed.Vector Foo
vec = Unboxed.generate 10 (\i -> Foo i)
With classic Data.Vector.Unboxed, you either write two dozen of lines of code to get it work (the exact code is here), or resort to Template Haskell (vector-th-unbox package) to generate it.
Now you have the third option, namely Data.Vector.Unboxing. With Data.Vector.Unboxing, the amount of code you write is just two lines:
import qualified Data.Vector.Unboxing as Unboxing
instance Unboxing.Unboxable Foo where
type Rep Foo = Int
vec :: Unboxing.Vector Foo
vec = Unboxing.generate 10 (\i -> Foo i)
...and if you want to be even more concise, you can derive Unboxable instance with GeneralizedNewtypeDeriving.
Note that the vector type provided by this package (Data.Vector.Unboxing.Vector) is different from Data.Vector.Unboxed.Vector. If you need to convert Unboxing.Vector to Unboxed.Vector, or vice versa, use Unboxing.toUnboxedVector or Unboxing.fromUnboxedVector.
The module defining the type Foo does not need to export its constructor to enable use of Unboxing.Vector Foo. In that case, the users of the abstract data type cannot convert between Unboxing.Vector Int and Unboxing.Vector Foo --- the abstraction is kept!
For non-newtypes
Suppose you define a data type isomorphic to a tuple, like:
data ComplexDouble = MkComplexDouble {-# UNPACK #-} !Double {-# UNPACK #-} !Double
In this example, ComplexDouble is isomorphic to (Double, Double), but has a different representation. Thus, you cannot derive Unboxing.Unboxable from (Double, Double).
For such cases, unboxing-vector provides a feature to derive Unboxable using Generic. Use Unboxing.Generics newtype wrapper to derive it.
{-# LANGUAGE DeriveGeneric, DerivingVia, UndecidableInstances #-}
data ComplexDouble = MkComplexDouble {-# UNPACK #-} !Double {-# UNPACK #-} !Double
deriving Generic
deriving Data.Vector.Unboxing.Unboxable via Data.Vector.Unboxing.Generics ComplexDouble
Unboxing via fromEnum/toEnum is also available. Use Unboxing.Enum or Unboxing.EnumRep to derive it.
{-# LANGUAGE DerivingVia, UndecidableInstances #-}
data Direction = North | South | East | West
deriving Enum
deriving Unboxing.Unboxable via Unboxing.EnumRep Int8 Direction
Conversion
Conversion from/to Unboxed vector
You can use fromUnboxedVector and toUnboxedVector to convert one vector type to another.
import qualified Data.Vector.Unboxed as Unboxed
import qualified Data.Vector.Unboxing as Unboxing
convert :: Unboxed.Vector Int -> Unboxing.Vector Int
convert vec = Unboxing.fromUnboxedVector vec
Coercion between Unboxing vectors
You can use coerceVector to convert vector types of different element types, if they have the same representation and have appropriate data constructors in scope.
import qualified Data.Vector.Unboxing as Unboxing
import Data.MonoTraversable (ofold)
import Data.Monoid (Sum(..), All, getAll)
sum :: Unboxing.Vector Int -> Int
sum vec = getSum $ ofold (Unboxing.coerceVector vec :: Unboxing.Vector (Sum Int)) -- OK
and :: Unboxing.Vector Bool -> Bool
and vec = getAll $ ofold (Unboxing.coerceVector vec :: Unboxing.Vector All) -- fails because the data constructor is not in scope
Supported GHC versions
The library itself is tested with GHC 8.0.2 or later.
To use GeneralizedNewtypeDeriving on Unboxable class, you need GHC 8.2 or later, because GND for associated type families became available on that version.
DerivingVia is avaliable since GHC 8.6.1. This means that, defining an Unboxable instance for user-defined data types (like ComplexDouble or Direction in this document) requires a latest GHC.
If you want a way to make your data types on older GHCs, please open an issue on GitHub. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Basic Element
Basic element is a term in algebra.
Basic Element may refer to:
* Basic Element (company)
* Basic Element (music group) | WIKI |
Relly
Relly is a personal name. Notable people include:
* Gavin Relly (1926–1999), South African businessman, chairman of Anglo American
* Gina Relly (1891–1985), French film actress of the silent era
* James Relly (1722–1778), Welsh Methodist minister, inspired Universalism in the United States
* John Relly Beard (1800–1876), English Unitarian minister, schoolmaster, university lecturer, and translator
* Relly Raffman (1921–1988), composer and professor of music at Clark University, Massachusetts, US
* Rellys (1905–1991), French actor | WIKI |
People with constipation
13 / 100
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. You may be constipated if you are having fewer pooh passing movements than usual, it takes a long time to pass pooh, and the pooh are hard. What are the causes of constipation? A person with a poor diet, physically inactive, or consuming laxatives too often may increase the risk of constipation. Signs and symptoms of constipation such as a distended, swollen abdomen, vomiting, blood in stool, weight loss, and new/worsening severe constipation in older people. There are many ways to prevent constipation.
So, are you concerned about constipation? Let’s ask yourself these questions below.
• Do your pooh arrive regularly every day?
• Do you feel strain during passing pooh?
• Are pooh often look lumpy or hard?
• Do you have a feeling of being blocked or of not having fully emptied your bowels?
Did you answer “yes” to one or more of these questions? If so, you may have a constipation problem which is a sign of an unhealthy gut. Otherwise, you are not constipated, and you have a healthy gut!
Similar Posts | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Cristóbal de Oñate
Death
The article currently claims he died at Pánuco, Zacatecas in 1567; Colonial Culhuacan by S. L. Cline says he was taken to Spain and executed in 1568 for involvement in a conspiracy. What's the deal here? --Alivemajor 23:13, 30 September 2007 (UTC)
* Current article seems very POV-skewed in favor of the man, so I'm thinking it might've been written by a descendant? Regardless, if you have sources, edit it in. Everything right now is unsourced. -LlywelynII (talk) 20:13, 25 February 2010 (UTC) | WIKI |
Allison Transmission Announces Second Quarter 2025 Results
Announced definitive agreement for transformational acquisition of Dana Incorporated's Off-Highway business
Net Income of $195 million, up 4% year over year, and 24% of Net Sales, up over 100 basis points year over year
Diluted EPS of $2.29, a quarterly record, up 8% year over year
Adjusted EBITDA margin of 38.5%, up 160 basis points year over year
INDIANAPOLIS, Aug. 4, 2025 /PRNewswire/ -- Allison Transmission Holdings Inc. (NYSE: ALSN), today reported second quarter net sales of $814 million, with top-line performance driven by continued strength in the Defense end market and record quarterly net sales in the Outside North America On-Highway end market. In addition, Allison announced during the quarter that the company had entered into a definitive agreement to acquire the Off-Highway business of Dana Incorporated, a global provider of drivetrain and propulsion solutions, with operations in more than 25 countries, for approximately $2.7 billion. This acquisition is expected to close late in the fourth quarter of 2025.
David S. Graziosi, Chair and Chief Executive Officer of Allison Transmission commented, "Delivering record quarterly earnings per share, while incurring one-time costs associated with our recently announced acquisition of the Dana Off-Highway business, is a clear reflection of the Allison team's continued focus on execution and delivering strong financial performance. Our second quarter results, highlighted by continued growth in the Defense end market and a record $142 million of quarterly net sales in the Outside North America On-Highway end market, demonstrate the diversity of Allison's end markets and the incremental sales opportunities available from growth initiatives."
Graziosi continued, "Adjusted EBITDA of $313 million increased 4 percent year over year in the second quarter as Allison is well-positioned to navigate current trade uncertainties while focusing on operational efficiencies and the alignment of costs and initiatives with end market developments. Our capital allocation priorities remain intact with $102 million of our common stock, representing over 1 percent of outstanding shares, repurchased during the second quarter. Year-to-date we have repurchased 3 percent of our outstanding shares."
Second Quarter Financial Highlights
Net sales for the quarter were $814 million. Year over year results by end market include:
A $20 million increase in net sales in the Defense end market principally driven by the continued execution of our growth initiatives
A $14 million increase in net sales in the Outside North America On-Highway end market principally driven by higher demand in South America and Europe
A $10 million increase in net sales in the Service Parts, Support Equipment and Other end market principally driven by higher demand for service parts and price increases on certain products, partially offset by lower demand for aluminum die cast components
A $7 million decrease in net sales in the Global Off-Highway end market principally driven by lower demand from the energy, mining and construction sectors outside of North America
A $39 million decrease in net sales in the North America On-Highway end market principally driven by lower demand for medium-duty trucks, partially offset by price increases on certain products
Net income for the quarter was $195 million. Diluted EPS for the quarter was $2.29. Adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP financial measure, for the quarter was $313 million. Adjusted EBITDA margin, a non-GAAP financial measure, for the quarter was 38.5%. Net cash provided by operating activities for the quarter was $184 million. Adjusted free cash flow, a non-GAAP financial measure, for the quarter was $153 million.
Second Quarter Net Sales by End Market
Second Quarter Financial Results
Gross profit for the quarter was $402 million, an increase of $8 million from $394 million for the same period in 2024. The increase was principally driven by price increases on certain products, partially offset by lower volumes and unfavorable direct material costs.
Selling, general and administrative expenses for the quarter were $102 million, an increase of $20 million from $82 million for the same period in 2024. The increase was principally driven by $15 million of expenses related to the recently announced acquisition of the Dana Off-Highway business.
Engineering – research and development expenses for the quarter were $44 million, a decrease of $5 million from $49 million for the same period in 2024.
Net income for the quarter was $195 million, an increase of $8 million from $187 million for the same period in 2024. The increase was principally driven by higher gross profit and unrealized mark-to-market adjustments for marketable securities, partially offset by increased selling, general and administrative expenses, including $15 million of acquisition-related costs.
Net cash provided by operating activities was $184 million, an increase of $13 million from $171 million for the same period in 2024. The increase was principally driven by lower operating working capital funding requirements and higher gross profit, partially offset by acquisition-related expenses.
2025 Guidance Update
Given current end markets conditions, anticipated acquisition-related expenses and expected favorable cash income tax impacts from the recently passed One Big Beautiful Bill Act, we are revising our full year 2025 guidance provided to the market on May 1st.
Allison now expects 2025 net sales in the range of $3,075 to $3,175 million, Net income in the range of $640 to $680 million, Adjusted EBITDA in the range of $1,130 to $1,180 million, Net cash provided by operating activities in the range of $785 to $835 million, capital expenditures in the range of $165 to $175 million, and Adjusted free cash flow in the range of $620 to $660 million. We are maintaining the midpoint of the implied Adjusted EBITDA margin guidance.
Conference Call and Webcast
The Company will host a conference call at 5:00 p.m. EDT on Monday, August 4, 2025 to discuss its second quarter 2025 results. The dial-in phone number for the conference call is +1-877-425-9470 and the international dial-in number is +1-201-389-0878. A live webcast of the conference call will also be available online at https://ir.allisontransmission.com.
For those unable to participate in the conference call, a replay will be available from 9:00 p.m. EDT on August 4 until 11:59 p.m. EDT on August 18. The replay dial-in phone number is +1-844-512-2921 and the international replay dial-in number is +1-412-317-6671. The replay passcode is 13754959.
About Allison Transmission Allison Transmission (NYSE: ALSN) is a leading designer and manufacturer of propulsion solutions for commercial and defense vehicles and the largest global manufacturer of medium- and heavy-duty fully automatic transmissions that Improve the Way the World Works. Allison products are used in a wide variety of applications, including on-highway vehicles (distribution, refuse, construction, fire and emergency), buses (school, transit and coach), motorhomes, off-highway vehicles and equipment (energy, mining, construction and agriculture) and defense vehicles (tactical wheeled and tracked). Founded in 1915, the company is headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. With a presence in more than 150 countries, Allison has regional headquarters in the Netherlands, China and Brazil, manufacturing facilities in the USA, Hungary and India, as well as global engineering resources, including electrification engineering centers in Indianapolis, Indiana, Auburn Hills, Michigan and London in the United Kingdom. Allison also has more than 1,600 independent distributor and dealer locations worldwide. For more information, visit https://allisontransmission.com.
Forward-Looking Statements This press release contains forward-looking statements. The words "believe," "expect," "anticipate," "intend," "estimate" and other expressions that are predictions of or indicate future events and trends and that do not relate to historical matters identify forward-looking statements. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Although forward-looking statements reflect management's good faith beliefs, reliance should not be placed on forward-looking statements because they involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, which may cause actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from anticipated future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date the statements are made. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events, changed circumstances or otherwise. These forward-looking statements are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to: risks relating to the pending acquisition of the Off-Highway business of Dana Incorporated, including: the acquisition may not be completed in a timely manner or at all; we may experience delays, unanticipated costs or restrictions resulting from regulatory review of the acquisition, including the risk that Allison may be unable to obtain governmental and regulatory approvals required for the acquisition or that such approvals may result in the imposition of conditions that could adversely affect the combined company or the expected benefits of the acquisition; the financing intended to fund the acquisition may not be obtained; uncertainties associated with the acquisition may cause a loss of both companies' management personnel and other key employees, and cause disruptions to both companies' business relationships; the purchase agreement subjects Allison and Dana to restrictions on business activities prior to the effective time of the acquisition; Allison is expected to incur significant costs in connection with the acquisition and integration; litigation risks relating to the acquisition; the off-highway business of Dana and its operations may not be integrated successfully in the expected time frame; the acquisition may result in a loss of customers, vendors, and other business counterparties; the combined company may fail to realize all of the anticipated benefits of the acquisition or fail to effectively manage its expanded operations; our participation in markets that are competitive; our ability to prepare for, respond to and successfully achieve our objectives relating to technological and market developments, competitive threats and changing customer needs, including with respect to electric hybrid and fully electric commercial vehicles; increases in cost, disruption of supply or shortage of labor, freight, raw materials, energy or components used to manufacture or transport our products or those of our customers or suppliers, including as a result of geopolitical risks, natural disasters, extreme weather events, wars and public health crises such as pandemics; global economic volatility; general economic and industry conditions, including the risk of prolonged inflation and recession; labor strikes, work stoppages or similar labor disputes, which could significantly disrupt our operations or those of our principal customers or suppliers; the highly cyclical industries in which certain of our end users operate; uncertainty in the global regulatory and business environments in which we operate; the concentration of our net sales in our top five customers and the loss of any one of these; cybersecurity risks to our operational systems, security systems or infrastructure owned by us or our third-party vendors and suppliers; the failure of markets outside North America to increase adoption of fully automatic transmissions; the success of our research and development efforts, the outcome of which is uncertain; U.S. and foreign defense spending; risks associated with our international operations, including acts of war and increased trade protectionism and tariffs; the discovery of defects in our products, resulting in delays in new model launches, recall campaigns and/or increased warranty costs and reduction in future sales or damage to our brand and reputation; our ability to identify, consummate and effectively integrate acquisitions and collaborations; and risks related to our indebtedness.
Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures This press release contains information about Allison's financial results and forward-looking estimates of financial results which are not presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("GAAP"). Such non-GAAP financial measures are reconciled to their closest GAAP financial measures at the end of this press release. Non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for our reported results prepared in accordance with GAAP and, as calculated, may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies.
We use Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA as a percent of net sales to measure our operating profitability. We believe that Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA as a percent of net sales provide management, investors and creditors with useful measures of the operational results of our business and increase the period-to-period comparability of our operating profitability and comparability with other companies. Adjusted EBITDA as a percent of net sales is also used in the calculation of management's incentive compensation program. The most directly comparable GAAP measure to Adjusted EBITDA is Net income. The most directly comparable GAAP measure to Adjusted EBITDA as a percent of net sales is Net income as a percent of net sales. Adjusted EBITDA is calculated as the earnings before interest expense, net, income tax expense, amortization of intangible assets, depreciation of property, plant and equipment and other adjustments as defined by Allison Transmission, Inc.'s, the Company's wholly-owned subsidiary, Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. Adjusted EBITDA as a percent of net sales is calculated as Adjusted EBITDA divided by net sales.
We use Adjusted Free Cash Flow to evaluate the amount of cash generated by our business that, after the capital investment needed to maintain and grow our business and certain mandatory debt service requirements, can be used for repayment of debt, stockholder distributions and strategic opportunities, including investing in our business. We believe that Adjusted Free Cash Flow enhances the understanding of the cash flows of our business for management, investors and creditors. Adjusted Free Cash Flow is also used in the calculation of management's incentive compensation program. The most directly comparable GAAP measure to Adjusted Free Cash Flow is Net cash provided by operating activities. Adjusted Free Cash Flow is calculated as Net cash provided by operating activities, after additions of long-lived assets.
Attachments
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Financial Measures for Full Year Guidance
View original content to download multimedia:https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/allison-transmission-announces-second-quarter-2025-results-302521031.html
SOURCE Allison Transmission Holdings Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Striped shiner
The striped shiner (Luxilus chrysocephalus) is a member of the family Cyprinidae. It a silvery fish with three to four dorsolateral stripes and dark crescents on the sides. The scales and sensory pores on the snout can be outlined in black. Fins are milky to clear in color while the caudal fins have a milky base with a black or gray spot. Males can have pink snouts with areas of red or pink on the rest of the body. They have large, terminal mouths and can get up to 9 in in length.
Diet
Striped shiners eat and wide range of items. Mostly they feed up in the water column on a range of insects including: termites, mayflies, dragonflies, caddisflies, beetles and terrestrial midges. They also feed on the bottom materials like algae. They feed continuously day and night but feed more on the bottom at night.
Habitat
These shiners can be found in the mid to upper regions of streams and rivers. They can also be found in rocky pools in clear and turbid creeks.
Distribution
They can be found in the Gulf Coast drainages from Texas to Alabama and upwards to Tennessee. Striped shiners can be found in the Great Lakes, New York and Wisconsin.
Reproduction and Life Cycle
The breeding season of striped shiners occurs from March to July but can extend into October. During this time male and female colours change from silver to gold and all fins change to orange with the exception of their tail, They spawn in shallow waters over gravelly bottom streams with depressions and over other fishes nests. The males make the depressions by pushing the gravel out with their nose or picking up pieces with their mouths. Males are aggressive towards other males and may bite or attack them with the breeding tubercles they develop on the head and body. The males swim down and tilt to the side while the females swim up alongside the males. The males then swing their caudal peduncle onto the females back. This posture lasts for several seconds but may be interrupted by other aggressive males.
Etymology
Luxilus is derived from lux meaning "light" and illus meaning "little" while chrysocephalus means "golden head". | WIKI |
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Level 8
Registry not cleared after removing channel
Hello,
We are stumbling upon an issue where the registry doesn't appear to be removed/cleared when a channel is removed.
We are saving some data to the registry like autologin and first-time launch. According to the docs this should be deleted after the (private) channel is removed from a device. Even after restarting the device when the channel is removed the registry still returns data when the channel is added again.
"Registry data is removed only when the application explicitly removes it, the user uninstalls the application, which remove the registry for the application, or the user performs a factory reset, which removes the registry for all applications."
- https://sdkdocs.roku.com/display/sdkdoc/roRegistry
Anyone else having this problem?
The problem seems to occur on all devices we tested (firmware 7.7)
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20 Replies
Highlighted
Level 8
Re: Registry not cleared after removing channel
Are you signing multiple apps with the same key?
I believe apps that share a development key also share a single registry section. In this case, the registry would only clear if you delete all apps using that key.
Tyler Smith
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Level 8
Re: Registry not cleared after removing channel
Hi Tyler,
That would explain it. We are using the same developer ID for signing all our internal test channels.
I should have read the docs better I guess...
Thanks!
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Highlighted
Level 8
Re: Registry not cleared after removing channel
So if that's the case, how do you go about fixing it? Is there an event for when the channel is explicitly removed or something?
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Highlighted
Level 15
Re: Registry not cleared after removing channel
Fixing what? Tyler already gave the solution if you're signing multiple apps/channels with the same key. You have to remove them all (and reboot, I believe) to clear the registry. If you don't like this behavior, then always generate a new key for every channel you develop.
-JT
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Highlighted
Level 8
Re: Registry not cleared after removing channel
"renojim" wrote:
Fixing what? Tyler already gave the solution if you're signing multiple apps/channels with the same key. You have to remove them all (and reboot, I believe) to clear the registry. If you don't like this behavior, then always generate a new key for every channel you develop.
-JT
That's not a solution though. If there a bunch of apps (5+) and you can't remove them all and also cannot generate a new key for each one, what's the best option?
Not looking for a "tough luck," answer. Looking for something actually constructive.
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Highlighted
Level 15
Re: Registry not cleared after removing channel
Unfortunately, I think "tough luck" is the answer. It's not likely the current behavior will ever be changed because there's probably as many reasons for it as against it.
Sorry,
-JT
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Highlighted
Level 9
Re: Registry not cleared after removing channel
What's the problem you're trying to solve? You can manually or programmatically edit the registry, clear out parts of it if you want. Is it getting too full or something?
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Highlighted
Level 7
Re: Registry not cleared after removing channel
I am having this problem too, clearing the Registry of user information (logging in/logging out).
I'm using the new SG framework, and it has a deleteRegistry sub function in generalUtilies that looks like this:
sub deleteRegistry(keySection="" As String)
print "Starting Delete Registry"
Registry = CreateObject("roRegistry")
i = 0
if keySection <> "" then
RegistrySection = CreateObject("roRegistrySection", keySection)
for each key in RegistrySection.GetKeyList()
i = i+1
print "Deleting " keySection + ":" key
RegistrySection.Delete(key)
end for
RegistrySection.flush()
else
for each section in Registry.GetSectionList()
RegistrySection = CreateObject("roRegistrySection", section)
for each key in RegistrySection.GetKeyList()
i = i+1
print "Deleting " section + ":" key
RegistrySection.Delete(key)
end for
RegistrySection.flush()
end for
end if
print i.toStr() " Registry Keys Deleted"
end sub
And I call it with
deleteRegistry("nameOfRegasString")
However, it seems like this data is still persisting. Has anyone else experienced this and had better luck??
UPDATE: I removed flush() from this function, and that seems to help the problem. I read that flush actually persists data to storage, even in the event of a reboot, so that would make sense why things were still persisting. I'm not 100% sure this was the issue, or if this even resolved....has anyone else had a similar experience with flush()?
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Highlighted
Level 9
Re: Registry not cleared after removing channel
"lisakb140" wrote:
.has anyone else had a similar experience with flush()?
If you're not flush()-ing. the data in question won't be saved. Now, maybe that's what you want, and maybe not. If you are having trouble with things persisting, it means you are not deleting the right things, when you think you are.
Kinetics Screensavers
0 Kudos | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
File talk:3.5ecoboostfront.jpg
Disembodied leg?
Is someone crouching behind the engine? It looks like it crushed somebody and their leg is sticking out. —dgies tc 18:23, 23 August 2013 (UTC) | WIKI |
Page:Folk-lore - A Quarterly Review. Volume 9, 1898.djvu/441
Rh Stephens, Prof., cited on connection of Tobit tale and Grateful Dead, 243
Sticks used for making sacred fire, 281
Stone-casting, underlying idea of 13, 15
Stones; Arthur's stone in Gower, 77; Dolmens, 34, 44, 77; Druidical, 87; put on tree trunk to detain Dryad, 342; weather-controlling, 278; as charms, 10, 12; serpent's stone, 86; at Lindholme, etc., legend of, 275; sacred, Druze, 15; female monoliths in Europe and India, 184, 185; Greek, 168, 278; and secular, distinction between, 161
Storm-controlling stones, 278
Strasburg Cathedral, the Devil and the wind at, 364
Strathkiness, witch of, 285
Straw, broken to signify broken friendship, 18; effigy of Judas Iscariot burned, 384; ropes, 368
Strings knotted, as calendar in India, 139; coloured, in marriage ceremony, 140
Studies on Biblical Subjects; No. 1, ''Babylonian Influence on the Bible and Popular Beliefs, "Tehom and Tiamat" "Hades and Satan." A Comparative Study of Genesis'', 1, 2; by A. Smythe Palmer, reviewed by Prof. A. H. Sayce, 71
Suffolk, folklore of, 47, 366
Sugar ceremony in Indian marriage customs, 147
Suitors, the, of Penelope, 100, 107; probably a family or tribal council, 108; of kinsmen, 109, 119; their rights, 110, 112, 115, 117, 118
Sultanpur, brass image of Raghunath at, 184, 185
Sun-gods; Horus, 164; Ra, 163, 164, 165; Tum, 164
Sun-temple, Phœnician, at Old Beyrout, 9; worship, Egyptian, 163, 164; in relation to wheel ceremonies, 284
Sunrise propitious to cures by means of trees, 335
Sunday; sanctity in Highlands, 373; unlucky day on which to cut hair, 341
Superb warbler, in Australian folk-lore, 311
Supernatural, the, spontaneity of belief in, 160
Supernatural wife, tradition of, in Greek Isles, 341
Superstition, influence of, on crime, 255
Superstitions in Fife, by D. Hay Fleming, 285
Surrey, folklore of, the shrew ash, Richmond Park, 330
Sutherlandshire, folklore of, 372
Svayamvara, of Draupadi, meeting of the Kshatriya nobles, 108; or public contest for bride, 132
Swamp-hawk in Australian folklore, 311
Sweden, wealth of folklore in, 220
Sweeper, in Indian weddings, 143, 148
Swine and corn-grinding agreement, Ashton-under-Lyne, 380
Swinging games in India, 137
Swiss Folk-Lore Society, 78
Syra, death of aged people in, 114
Syrian bridal veils, 125
Syrian folklore, 3, 165
Sympathetic magic, 279
Taboos; of food, Australia, 264; India, 168; of green, in wedding dress, 126; Greek taboos, 168; right hand, use of, tabooed, Australia, 327; women tabooed, 180, 252, 253, 297, 327
Tailor, the, and the Ghost of Chanonry, 89
Talismans, 256
Tantalus, why punished, 316
Tatooing, in India, 169; in the Lebanon, 18
Tasmania, natives of, 98
Taylor, Thos., translation of Pausanias, referred to, 174
Tĕhōm, 71
Teine Elgin, or fire cure for cattle (ill), 280
Telemachus, son of Odysseus, 100, 109, 110; his garth, 102; his mother's dowry, in; his succession, 115; the Suitors' conspiracy against, 120
Teutonic invasions of Britain, influence on literature, 34, 35, 44, 47
Theddora tribe, Australia, divinity of, 295, 296
Thiele's collections of Danish folk-lore, 195, 220
Thorpe, B., the story of the King of | WIKI |
Thailand Economic Growth Accelerates, Maintaining Pressure for Rate Rises
Thai economic growth accelerated in
the first quarter to the fastest pace in a year, adding pressure
for higher borrowing costs to contain inflation as the
government prepares for a July 3 election. Gross domestic product rose 2 percent in the three months
to March 31 from the previous quarter, when it climbed a revised
1.3 percent, the National Economic and Social Development Board
said in Bangkok today. The median of 11 estimates in a Bloomberg
News survey was for a 2.2 percent jump. Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva has pledged wage increases
and capped food and diesel costs to win support ahead of the
poll as rising consumer spending contributes to price pressures.
The central bank has signaled it may raise interest rates for
the fourth time this year in June and the government predicts
exports will weather trade disruption from Japan’s earthquake. “The solid growth, which was supported by both domestic
and external demand, would lead to expectations of faster
inflation and more rate hikes,” said Tohru Nishihama, economist
at Dai-ichi Life Research Institute Inc. in Tokyo . “The
earthquake in Japan may have a short-term impact, but not a big
one. We may see at least two or three more rate hikes in 2011.” The nation’s benchmark SET Index has surged 43 percent in
the past year, according to data compiled by Bloomberg. It was
down 1 percent today as of 10:40 a.m. local time, while the MSCI
Asia Pacific index slid as much as 2 percent. Baht Decline The Thai baht fell 0.3 percent to 30.38 per dollar and has
dropped about 1.3 percent in 2011, the worst performer among
major Southeast Asian economies. That aids exports while
providing less of a buffer against costlier global food and oil. Thailand ’s GDP advanced 3 percent last quarter from a year
earlier, compared with 3.8 percent in the previous period,
today’s report showed. The median estimate in another Bloomberg
survey was for a gain of 2.6 percent. The development board is maintaining its forecast for an
expansion of 3.5 percent to 4.5 percent this year, said Arkhom Termpittayapaisith, its secretary-general. Neighboring Singapore last week raised its 2011 GDP growth
forecast to as much as 7 percent and Malaysia predicts its
economy will expand up to 6 percent as Asia fights price
pressures stoked by economic expansion. Political Test The forthcoming election in Southeast Asia ’s second-largest
economy will pit Abhisit’s Democrat party against allies of
fugitive ex-Premier Thaksin Shinawatra , who was ousted in a 2006
coup and lives overseas. About 100 people have been killed
following disputes over the last election in 2007. Thaksin’s opponents dressed in yellow seized Bangkok’s
airports in 2008 to oust his allies, and his supporters clad in
red shirts have rallied against Abhisit since he took office in
a parliamentary vote the same year. “Instability will remain an issue in Thailand,” said
Pornthep Jubandhu, a senior economist at Siam Commercial Bank
Pcl in Bangkok. “But it won’t be a factor that will threaten
economic expansion.” Abhisit’s government has capped diesel tariffs and applied
price controls to items such as eggs and cooking oil to shield
Thailand’s 67 million people from the impact of inflation. The opposition Pheu Thai Party, led by Thaksin’s sister,
Yingluck Shinawatra, has used billboard advertisements to blame
Abhisit for rising costs. The annual pace of inflation climbed
to 4.04 percent in April, the fastest pace in 15 months. Climbing Prices Elevated commodity prices have prompted companies such as
Charoen Pokphand Foods Pcl (CPF) , the nation’s biggest meat producer,
to raise charges. The prime minister pledged in February to
boost the minimum wage by 25 percent over two years to help the
public cope with higher costs, while Pheu Thai has promised a
larger increase as the parties vie for votes. The Bank of Thailand will need to adjust its benchmark
interest rate, currently 2.75 percent, to a “normal” level,
Governor Prasarn Trairatvorakul said May 12. It raised borrowing
costs by a quarter of a percentage point each in January, March
and April. The central bank has forecast economic growth will return
to a “normal trend” following a 7.8 percent expansion in 2010,
which was the strongest pace in 15 years. The monetary authority
predicts inflation of 3.9 percent in 2011. “We have some concerns going into the third quarter because
one of the things that kept inflation down domestically is the
diesel subsidy,” Andy Jenwipakul, managing director of the
research group at SCB Securities Co. Ltd. in Bangkok, told
Bloomberg Television today. “At some point we would think the
diesel subsidy has to be lifted. Basically you will see some
cost pressures going up from here.” In Japan , Thailand’s second-biggest export market, gross
domestic product contracted an annualized 3.7 percent last
quarter as the March 11 earthquake and tsunami disrupted output. Thailand’s central bank has said the disaster will hurt
overseas shipments only in the short term. Exports may rise as
much as 15 percent this year, Commerce Minister Porntiva Nakasai
said May 20. To contact the reporter on this story:
Suttinee Yuvejwattana in Bangkok at
Suttinee1@bloomberg.net .
Supunnabul Suwannakij in Bangkok at
ssuwannakij@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Tony Jordan at
tjordan3@bloomberg.net ;
Stephanie Phang at
sphang@bloomberg.net | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Sunrise on Slaughter Beach
Sunrise on Slaughter Beach is the thirteenth studio album by American rock band Clutch. It was released on September 16, 2022, through the band's own label Weathermaker Music. It is Clutch's first studio album since Book of Bad Decisions in 2018. The album was originally intended as a positive counterpoint to the social volatility and divisiveness caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, but the lyrics eventually touched on a more diverse range of social topics.
Critical reception
The album has an average score of 81 out of 100 on Metacritic based on 6 professional reviews, indicating "universal acclaim". According to Blabbermouth.net, the album fits within Clutch's long-term development, "never taking any drastic left turns, though progression and noticeable change has been evident over time." MetalSucks largely agreed, stating that "Sunrise on Slaughter Beach is your typical Clutch record," but "there’s always a little more going on under the hood of any Clutch offering." Kerrang! offered a positive review, stating that "13 albums in, Clutch are still uniquely brilliant, master craftsmen of a form at once ingeniously simple and amazingly clever." Metal Injection called the album "grand without pomposity, experimental without an inch of fat and underwritten with grooves so thick you could build a bridge out of them." According to Metal Planet Music, "Clutch have delivered a monster album here. It’s dirty, sludgy, heavy as hell and trippy when it needs to be." Rock 'N' Load wrote in their review, "Sunrise on Slaughter Beach is a grand entrance into newfound Clutch territory not seen before. Whilst still harnessing their iconic sound, the band have managed to widen their range and prove themselves once more pioneers; unafraid of throwing out a curveball."
Personnel
Clutch
* Neil Fallon – vocals, rhythm guitar
* Tim Sult – lead guitar
* Dan Maines – bass
* Jean-Paul Gaster – drums, vibraphone
Additional personnel
* J. Robbins – theremin
* Deborah Bond – backing vocals
* Frenchie Davis – backing vocals
Production
* Tom Dalgety – production, mixing | WIKI |
Iran test-fires new round of ballistic missiles | TheHill
Iran on Wednesday test-fired two ballistic missiles with "Israel must be wiped off the Earth" written on them, according to the nation's semi-official news agency. The new tests come just a day after Iran said it conducted a new round of missile tests, despite a United Nations resolution calling upon the Middle Eastern nation not to do so. The firings occurred during a large-scale military drill, according to CNN. They were Iran's first such tests since the global nuclear deal took effect earlier this year. The last round came in October and November. The tests prompted a wave of criticism by lawmakers in Washington, with both Republicans and Democrats calling for tougher measures on Iran. Senate Foreign Relations Committee Chairman Bob CorkerRobert (Bob) Phillips CorkerTrump announces, endorses ambassador to Japan's Tennessee Senate bid Meet the key Senate player in GOP fight over Saudi Arabia Trump says he's 'very happy' some GOP senators have 'gone on to greener pastures' MORE (R-Tenn.) said Tuesday that both the United States and the United Nations must show that the reported tests will have "swift and immediate consequences." "It’s clear our enemies no longer fear the United States" and that Iran is "throwing dirt in the face of the entire free world," added Sen. Tom CottonThomas (Tom) Bryant CottonCongress must address gender gap in nominations to military service academies GOP senators press Google on reports it developed a smart speaker with Huawei Sunday shows - Mass shootings grab the spotlight MORE (R-Ark.). Republican Sens. Mark KirkMark Steven KirkAdvocates push for EpiPens on flights after college student's mid-flight allergic reaction Funding the fight against polio Ex-GOP Sen. Kirk registers to lobby MORE (Ill.) and Kelly AyotteKelly Ann AyotteTrump makes rare trip to Clinton state, hoping to win back New Hampshire Key endorsements: A who's who in early states Sinema, Gallagher fastest lawmakers in charity race MORE (N.H.), who are both facing tough re-election battles in November, said that the reported tests show how badly new sanctions against Iran are needed. Senate Foreign Relations Committee Ranking Member Ben CardinBenjamin (Ben) Louis CardinAmerica is in desperate need of infrastructure investment: Senate highway bill a step in the right direction Financial aid fraud is wrong — but overcorrection could hurt more students Democrats denounce Trump's attack on Cummings: 'These are not the words of a patriot' MORE (D-Md.) said that "the Administration should act swiftly to raise these concerns at the United Nations and take action to hold all parties involved responsible for their actions, including, if necessary, through unilateral action." The top U.S. military commander overseeing the Middle East also said Tuesday that despite the nuclear deal, Iran shows no signs of altering its destabilizing behavior. "There are a number of things that lead me to personally believe that, you know, their behavior is not — they haven't changed any course yet," said Army Gen. Lloyd Austin, commander of U.S. Central Command, at a Senate hearing. Meanwhile, Vice President Biden, who is in Jerusalem, assured Israel on Wednesday that if Iran broke the terms of the nuclear deal, "We will act." "We are united in the belief that a nuclear-armed Iran is an absolutely unacceptable threat to Israel, the region and the United States," he said after a meeting with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. "All their conventional activity outside the deal, which is still beyond the deal, we will and are attempting to act wherever we can find it," Biden added. Iran's state-run Press TV reported that in the latest tests, two Qadr missiles were fired from the Alborz Mountains in northern Iran and hit targets 870 miles away in the southeastern part of the country, CNN reported. View the discussion thread. The Hill 1625 K Street, NW Suite 900 Washington DC 20006 | 202-628-8500 tel | 202-628-8503 fax The contents of this site are ©2019 Capitol Hill Publishing Corp., a subsidiary of News Communications, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
A Direct Contact Membrane Separator for Diver Rebreather Carbon Dioxide Transfer to Seawater
981671
07/13/1998
Event
International Conference On Environmental Systems
Authors Abstract
Content
Gas-permeable membranes that continuously transfer carbon dioxide (CO2) from air to water were investigated in an effort to bypass the operational limitations of expendable solid absorbents currently used for CO2 control in closed-circuit underwater breathing apparatus (UBA). Rebreather UBA CO2 control requirements and known membrane properties were used to create a functional hierarchy of membrane types and CO2 transfer mechanisms, from which one membrane configuration was selected for evaluation. This Direct Contact Membrane Separator (DCMS) employs microporous hydrophobic Hollow Fiber Membrane (HFM) modules to create large membrane areas in small volumes for air-water phase contact without intermixing. Since the micropores in the hydrophobic walls of the hollow fibers are air-filled, gas permeation rates through this membrane are far higher than for any solid or liquid membrane. Such HFMs, commonly used for degassing ultrapure water, are commercially available in a wide range of sizes. Subscale laboratory testing demonstrated the suitability of the DCMS for rebreather UBA CO2 control. The best CO2 transfer performance occurred with two-pass turbulent crossflow of water around the outside of the fibers, countercurrent to laminar air flow through the fibers. CO2 removal capacity was primarily dependent on the water-to-air flow rate ratio through the HFM and the CO2 content limit in DCMS outlet air; allowing DCMS outlet air CO2 content to rise from 0.5 vol% to 1.0 vol% would halve required membrane area and HFM volume. Mixed-gas rebreather UBA oxygen and inert diluent gas loss through this nonselective porous membrane to seawater was projected to have negligible impact on DCMS volume penalty, if UBA gas storage pressure is raised from the current 3000 psi to 5000 psi. Unmanned and manned laboratory and underwater testing of the DCMS (with a single full-scale HFM module) showed that this “artificial gill” is ready for manned submersible and diver application development.
Meta TagsDetails
DOI
https://doi.org/10.4271/981671
Pages
13
Citation
Noyes, G., "A Direct Contact Membrane Separator for Diver Rebreather Carbon Dioxide Transfer to Seawater," SAE Technical Paper 981671, 1998, https://doi.org/10.4271/981671.
Additional Details
Publisher
Published
Jul 13, 1998
Product Code
981671
Content Type
Technical Paper
Language
English | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
NSTableView
Sage
Posts: 1,066
Joined: 2004.07
Post: #1
It's been a while (I have no internet at the current time) so I have another question. Sorry if it's easily searchable but I really don't have time (work in a couple minutes).
Basically, can anyone quickly explain how I can use an NSMutableArray of NSMutableDictionary's in an NSTableView using Cocoa and IB? Any sites online? Tried Apple's Docs for a few days but it's not really helping.
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Sage
Posts: 1,199
Joined: 2004.10
Post: #2
Are you talking about using bindings? Or manual?
I've never done and bindings programming, but you might want to check out the tutorials on cocoadevcentral.com.
Regarding manual control, it'd be easy enough. Just provide a data source with the two methods:
Code:
- (int)numberOfRowsInTableView:(NSTableView *)aTableView;
- (id)tableView:(NSTableView *)aTableView objectValueForTableColumn:(NSTableColumn *)aTableColumn row:(int)rowIndex;
The first would return the number of elements in your array, and the second would query the NSDictionary at index 'rowIndex' in the array for the object with the key [aTableColumn identifier] -- provided of course that you set up your table with column identifiers that correspond to the keys in your dict.
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Moderator
Posts: 133
Joined: 2008.05
Post: #3
Okay, here is my step by step tutorial, because it is so much better than Carbon that it excites me.
Interface builder:
1. Place your NSTableView wherever you want in your layout.
2. Add a descriptive title of your NSTableView as an outlet to your controller class. By descriptive, I mean something that will seperate it from any other table view you might add.
3. Connect the controller outlet to the NSTableView, and connect the NSTableView to the controller's delegate and dataSource outlets.
4. Set up your table view for whatever data you may need, creating columns etc., and properly identifying them(a descriptive identifier string in their attributes box).
5. Make the files for your controller, or add IBOutlet NSTableView* whateverYouNamedIt; to your controller class. You're doen with the interface builder part.
XCode steps.
These go in your .h file for your controller.
1. Add a NSMutablyArray to your controller class. Give it a similar name to your tableview. For example, if your tableView is called beverageTableView, call the array beverageDataStorage, or beverageDataLookup. It makes it easier to remember, and gives you an idea of it's functionality.
2. Add another function to your class called - (void)createBeverageTableRecord;
These are in your .m file
3. Implement your awakeFromNib function, including these lines of code.
Code:
if(beverageDataStorage == nil) //allocate when we finally add an entry.
beverageDataStorage = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
4. Let's define your createBeverageTableRecord function first. This function adds data to be shown by your tableView, you call this function explicitly to add new data.
Code:
- (void)createBeverageTableRecord:(NSString*)bevName cansLeft:(int)n
{
//We're going to configure this dictionary entry to be one row of the
//table view
NSMutablyDictionary* beverageEntry = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
//remember when we made our identifiers in interface builder?
//The tableView will look at it's NSArray at NSDictionary's inside it, and match
//the columns to the key's... so we stay consistent with our naming.
[beverageEntry setObject:bevName forKey:@"beverageName"];
//This one shows you how to put an int in there
[beverageEntry setObject:[NSNumber numberWithInt:cansLeft] forKey:@"beverageRemaining"];
//Now we put the record into our storage data, and release this function's copy
[beverageDataStorage addObject:beverageEntry];
[beverageEntry release]; //the array is retains a copy
//Now tell the table to re-read the data
[ourTableFromInterfaceBuilder reloadData];
}
5. Now we need to add functionality to the table so that it knows how to read the data. You need to add two functions to your controller(the one we set up as a dataSource/delegate) for the reading of data. These are the minimum functions to support a NSTableView. You might wonder why there is a check to see if it's our tableView - it's because if a controller class has more than one table view, it will be getting data from different places. Doing this ensures that you don't have to create a new controller class each time you put a table in your GUI. By the way, you don't call these functions explicitly.
Code:
- (int)numberOfRowsInTableView:(NSTableView*)aTableView
{
if(aTableView == ourTableFromInterfaceBuilder)
return [beverageDataStorage count];
return 0; //something went wrong!
}
Code:
- (id)tableView:(NSTableView*)aTableView objectValueForTableColumn:(NSTableColumn*)aTableColumn row:(int)rowIndex
{
if(aTableView == ourTableFromInterfaceBuilder)
{
id record, value;
//Get the dictionary at the correct row.
record = [beverageDataStorage objectAtIndex:rowIndex];
//Get the identifier to find the key for the dictionary entry we
//are trying to return.
value = [record objectForKey:[aTableColumn identifier]];
return value;
}
return nil;
}
6. Now that you're dataSource is implemented in such a way where you can view all the data in a tableView, there are times when you want to change data inside the tableView. You need to add this function to you're dataSource.
Code:
- (void)tableView:(NSTableView*)aTableView setObjectValue:(id)anObject forTableColumn:(NSTableColumn*)aTableColumn row:(int)rowIndex
{
if(aTableView == ourTableFromInterfaceBuilder)
{
NSString* ident = (NSString*)[aTableColumn identifier];
if([ident isEqual:@"beverageName"])
{
NSString* s = (NSString*)anObject;
NSMutableDictionary* dictEntry = [beverageDataStorage objectAtIndex:rowIndex];
[dictEntry setObject:s forKey:@"beverageName"];
}
else if([ident isEqual:@"beverageRemaining"])
{
NSNumber* n = (NSNumber*)anObject;
NSMutableDictionary* dictEntry = [beverageDataStorage objectAtIndex:rowIndex];
[dictEntry setObject:n forKey:@"beverageRemaining"];
}
//Tell the table we need new data loaded
[ourTableFromInterfaceBuilder reloadData];
}
}
And that should about do it. I didn't really make sure this works, but it's a copy and paste of my working code, let me know if you have additional questions.
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Do You Need Protein if You're Trying to Tone Up?
Written by Carly Schuna; Updated November 28, 2018
Flashy advertisements for protein powders, shakes and supplements are made to convince consumers that you can’t possibly build muscle without lots of extra protein. But is that really the case? While it’s true that adding some protein to your diet can facilitate healthy muscle building, it’s also possible to tone your physique without making any changes to your diet.
Protein's Function
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, protein molecules are part of every tissue, organ and cell in the human body, and we must take them in through food to replace broken-down body proteins and build new ones. For that reason, protein is known as an essential nutrient. Healthy adults need a certain amount every day, but eating more won’t automatically help you pack on muscle. On the other hand, if you fall short of your daily requirements, you’re likely to find it especially difficult to tone up at all.
Guidelines
The Mayo Clinic recommends that healthy adults eat between 50 and 175 grams of protein per day. That’s quite a range, but it’s not hard to hit the low end – according to the CDC, most Americans get more protein than they need without even trying. Athletes can use more than the minimum, but there’s some confusion about exactly how much more. Rice University suggests that athletes trying to build muscle consume 0.6 to 0.9 grams of protein per pound of body weight, in contrast with 0.4 to 0.6 grams per pound for active adults. However, the website also notes it's not excess protein that builds muscle, it's strength training.
Toning Up
The body is unable to use any excess protein you consume, so the extra calories may actually result in weight gain that isn’t muscle. If you want a tight physique, drinking a protein shake won’t cut it. Instead, you should eat within the recommended protein range and make sure to strength train regularly. Try using dumbbells, resistance bands, gym equipment or body weight exercises. The American College of Sports Medicine recommends strength training two or three times per week.
Considerations
Your individual protein needs depend on your weight, sex and age as well as your physical activity level. If you’re unsure how much protein you should be eating or whether you should up the ante if you want to put on some muscle mass, speak with your doctor or a sports nutritionist for personalized recommendations.
About the Author
Carly Schuna is a Wisconsin-based professional writer, editor and copy editor/proofreader. She has worked with hundreds of pieces of fiction, nonfiction, children's literature, feature stories and corporate content. Her expertise on food, cooking, nutrition and fitness information comes from a Level 1 personal training certification and years of in-depth study.
bibliography-icon icon for annotation tool Cite this Article | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Charles Sedelmayer - Catalog of 100 paintings - illustratedcata04gallgoog.djvu/155
5. — Cuyp (Aelbert) Denner (B.) | WIKI |
Days Between Stations (album)
Days Between Stations is the first and self-titled album by the Los Angeles, California based progressive rock band Days Between Stations.
Critical reception
Days Between Stations received positive reviews from publications such as Progression Magazine, The Prog Files, and Gnosis.
Track listing
All music and lyrics were written by Sepand Samzadeh and Oscar Fuentes.
* 1) "Requiem for the Living" – 13:26
* 2) "Either/Or" – 7:33
* 3) "Intermission 1" – 2:13
* 4) "How to Seduce a Ghost" – 4:55
* 5) "Radio Song" – 4:24
* 6) "Intermission 2" – 1:36
* 7) "Laudanum" – 22:14
* 8) Part I "A long goodbye"
* 9) Part II "Every One is here but You"
* 10) Part III "Nowhere"
* 11) Part IV "The Wake"
Personnel
* Sepand Samzadeh – synthesizer, guitar
* Oscar Fuentes – synthesizer, acoustic guitar
* Additional musicians
* Jon Mattox – drums, percussion
* Hollie – vocals
* Jeffery Samzadeh – vocals
* Vivi Rama – bass guitar
* Jason Hemmens – saxophone
* Sean Erick – trumpet
* Kevin Williams – trombone
* Jeremy Castillo – additional guitars
* Marjory Fuentes – voice | WIKI |
Talk:Dioptre
Old questions
Question: What correlation does the dioptre have with a person's 20/x vision? Is there a one-to-one correlation, and if so is there a conversion chart? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Dimmer (talk • contribs).
* They are probably correlated, but not one-to-one. The "20/x" is a measure of visual acuity, which depends on the amount of refractive error (measured in dioptres), but also on other things. If you have a cataract, for example, your visual acuity will be poor, even though you may not need any dioptric correction at all.--Srleffler 05:21, 20 February 2007 (UTC)
* Here is an unsourced chart:
* {| class="wikitable"
! Dioptres ! 20/something
* -0.5
* 20/25 to 20/30
* -1.0
* 20/30 to 20/50
* -3.0
* 20/300
* -4.0
* 20/400
* -5.0
* 20/600
* }
* 20/400
* -5.0
* 20/600
* }
* }
* {| class="wikitable"
! Dioptres ! 20/something
* +0.5
* 20/25
* +1.0
* 20/40
* +2.0
* 20/70
* +3.0
* 20/100
* +4.0
* 20/200
* }
* I understand this doesn't account for cylindrical (astigmatism), cataracts, or other problems, but a rough guide like this is very useful. -kslays 17:39, 19 June 2007 (UTC)
* +4.0
* 20/200
* }
* I understand this doesn't account for cylindrical (astigmatism), cataracts, or other problems, but a rough guide like this is very useful. -kslays 17:39, 19 June 2007 (UTC)
* I understand this doesn't account for cylindrical (astigmatism), cataracts, or other problems, but a rough guide like this is very useful. -kslays 17:39, 19 June 2007 (UTC)
Request for additional info: Diopter is also the name of a series of lenses used to increase the magnification of camera lenses in macro photography. This is the info I was looking for when I sought out this article. For instance, see this article at 8k.com. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (Talk) (talk • contribs).
* Sounds like somebody just misunderstood. These add-on lenses increase the optical power of the camera lens. That is, they "add dioptres" to the focal power of the lens. It's not the name of a series of lenses; it's just a description of their purpose.--Srleffler 05:21, 20 February 2007 (UTC)
* Actually, they are using an older meaning of the word. While the modern meaning is a unit of measure for lens focal length, the word diopter used to refer to:
* Any lens system (such as a telescope)
* A theodolite or similar surveyor's angle measuring device
* An alidade
* A surgical speculum
* An instrument for drawing the skull by projections.
* Diopter in the modern sense only dates to 1872, while the general word derives from Latin (dioptra) or Greek (διοπτρον) - a spyglass.
* Arthur Koestler states (The Sleepwalkers) that the modern use was derived from the title of Johannes Kepler's book on optics. However, I can't find a source that specifically states that (Frederick or Felix?) Monoyer stated so in his 1872 article in Annales d'oculistiques. There is no online copy of the article and I have no access to a good French medical school library.
* --Michael Daly 19:02, 21 October 2007 (UTC)
Optical power
I changed the link for "optical power" back to focal length, because the page refraction does not explain this term at all, while the page on focal length does. Optical power is simply a measure of focal length, nothing more or less. (It is, of course, one over the focal length.) Refraction, on the other hand, is one physical process that can produce an optic with optical power. (Reflection being another such process.)--Srleffler 06:18, 2 December 2005 (UTC)
* I understand your point, but something needs to change. The introductory sentence has two links to focal length in it, thus the sentence reads: "A dioptre, or diopter, is a unit of measurement of the [focal length] of a lens or curved mirror which is equal to the reciprocal of the focal length measured in metres (i.e. 1/metres)." It's a circular definition. Edwardian 07:21, 2 December 2005 (UTC)
* What's wrong with having two links to focal length in a sentence? The sentence uses two words that are best explained by that page. A link is not necessarily a synonym. Optical power is the reciprocal of the focal length. The focal length page covers two concepts: focal length and its reciprocal.
* The problem is that it makes the definition appear circular. I think there needs to be an article entitled "Optical power" that we can link to because it is not "simply a measure of focal length". Help me with this analogy:
* Force is an external cause responsible for any change of a physical system.
* Force equals mass times acceleration.
* The newton is the unit of force.
* Optical power is one over the focal length (Srleffler 06:17, 3 December 2005 (UTC))
* Optical power equals one divided by focal length.
* The diopter is the unit of optical power.
* -Edwardian 15:44, 2 December 2005 (UTC)
* As I filled in above, optical power is really not an independent physical quantity. Unlike force and mass, optical power and focal length are not two different physical quantities. They are two measures of the same thing. Optical power is just a convenient mathematical shorthand for focal length. It is convenient because for thin lenses the focal length of the whole lens is approximately equal to the inverse of the sum of the inverses of the focal lengths each surface would have on its own. Because of this relationship, it is convenient to characterize surfaces and lenses by one over their focal length. "Optical power" is just the name given to this convenient representation of focal length. It has no other significance, and isn't really used much in optics outside of opthalmology. Calculations of lens combinations using optical power are not accurate. Adding powers only gives an approximation to the correct answer. --Srleffler 06:17, 3 December 2005 (UTC)
* Regarding "[Optical power and focal length] are two measures of the same thing.": What do you consider "the same thing" to be? (BTW, the significance to ophthalmology is precisely what I have in mind here.) Edwardian 07:09, 3 December 2005 (UTC)
* When an optometrist or opthalmologist puts a lens of a given optical power in front of a patient's eye, what he or she is doing is adjusting the focal length of the patient's visual system. A patient with myopia has an eye lens whose focal length is too short. A patient with hyperopia has a lens whose focal length is too long when at rest. I presume that for the case of the eye+external lens system, the inverse of the combined system focal length is approximately equal to the sum of the inverses of the eye and external lens focal lengths, since otherwise "optical power" would not be very useful. Note that this relationship is not true in general: the optical power of an optical system is not always equal or even close to the sum of the optical powers of the elements. For example, one can make a simple telescope with two lenses, each with positive optical power, but with a combined optical power of zero. The system is afocal. These are very often used as laser beam expanders, since a collimated input beam produces a collimated (but larger) output beam.--Srleffler 08:24, 3 December 2005 (UTC)
* It appears that I’ve done a poor job making my point clear; that is, that “optical power” needs an article that includes a definition of the term.
* Optical power and focal length are not two different physical quantities, but they are indeed conceptually different… otherwise two different terms probably would not exist. The optical power for a specific lens is measured as “one over the focal length”, however, that is not the definition for the general concept of “optical power”. If “one over the focal length” is the definition of optical power, then the first sentence above becomes: “When an optometrist or opthalmologist puts a lens of a given [one over the focal length] in front of a patient's eye, what he or she is doing is adjusting the focal length of the patient's visual system.” Conceptually it doesn’t make much sense.
* Someone who works day-in and day-out with different optical systems can probably mentally switch from one abstraction or concept to the next so easily that its second nature for them. To make it easier for everyone else, would you object to something like the following?
* Optical power is the degree to which a lens or mirror converges or diverges light. It is measured as the inverse of focal length. The dioptre is the unit of measurement of optical power.
* Cheers! - Edwardian 06:26, 5 December 2005 (UTC)
* This looks reasonable to me, although it's not clear that this can ever really be more than a dictionary definition, which was why I didn't think there should be an article on optical power. If you think there is enough to say to merit an article, go for it.--Srleffler 17:34, 5 December 2005 (UTC)
* FYI, I created Optical power and edited the first line of this article to link to it. I may not do it immediately, but I do think there is more to add to it. Thanks again. Edwardian 19:43, 5 December 2005 (UTC)
* I kind of favour separating articles like this, so I say go ahead. --Bob Mellish 17:55, 5 December 2005 (UTC)
Article Improvement Drive
Contact lens is currently nominated to be improved on Article Improvement Drive. Please support the article with your vote. --Fenice 10:51, 16 January 2006 (UTC)
SI
The diopter is stated to be a non-SI unit of measurement. Is there an SI equivalent? <IP_ADDRESS> 19:28, 17 July 2006 (UTC)
* The SI unit for optical power is inverse meters (m-1).--Srleffler 22:43, 17 July 2006 (UTC)
Magnification and dioptres
I removed the section on converting between magnification and dioptres. It had several serious flaws:
* 1) This "conversion" is particular to magnifying glasses and other simple magnifiers. It is not a general property. The material is better placed in the article on magnifying glasses (I will add it there). It is in fact already covered at magnification, although in different terms.
* 2) The section (and the reference from which it is drawn) makes an incorrect distinction between magnifying power and "total power".
* 3) The definitions given are incorrect.
* 4) The section confuses the physical quantity (optical power) with the unit of measure of that quantity (dioptres).
The magnification of a magnifying glass is a bit complicated. As can easily be verified by playing with one, the actual magnification ("magnifying power" or "angular magnification") of a magnifying glass depends on where you put it, and where the object is. The maximum magnification possible is obtained by putting the lens very close to your eye and moving your eye and the lens together to obtain the best focus. The object will then be typically also close to the lens. The magnifying power obtained in this condition is ¼Φ+1, where Φ is the optical power in dioptres. This is the value used for the "m×" measures of magnification. It is the maximum magnifying power obtainable with the magnifier.
Magnifiers are not always used this way, however. It is much more comfortable to put the magifier close to the object (one focal length away). The eye can then be a comfortable distance away, and a good image can be obtained very easily; it isn't very sensitive to the eye's exact position. The magnifying power in this case is roughly ¼Φ.
Interestingly, the magifying power also depends on how old you are. The factor of ¼ assumes a "standard" eye, typical of an adult. A young child obtains much less benefit from using a magnifier, because the child can obtain just as good an image by moving the object closer to her eye. The actual magnifying power experienced by the child with a lens is less.
Reference: --Srleffler 05:49, 28 November 2006 (UTC)
* thank you! Openlander 19:28, 28 November 2006 (UTC)
Night vision and dioptre
I've heard dioptre measurements used in the context of Night vision - does anyone know how such measurements would be calculated? ··gracefool |☺ 02:07, 20 February 2007 (UTC)
* Dioptres are a measure of magnifying power. As far as I can see, they have no connection to night vision at all, except that a night vision system might also magnify the image.--Srleffler 04:14, 20 February 2007 (UTC)
* I often see "diopter" used with night vision devices where people are specifying the focus range of the night vision device's eyepiece (-4 to +2 Diopters, for example). One can usually focus this eyepiece so that eyeglasses are not necessary when using a night vision device. This makes them more comfortable to use, but the user must remember to remove and replace their glasses when switching between using the NVGs and not.WikimikeCA (talk) 18:05, 26 September 2008 (UTC)
Section on measuring dioptres deleted
I removed some recent additions since it was more of a how-to guide, rather than WP style, and all the text was embedded as a diagram (and thus not editable). It could possibly be useful as an article on lens clocks, if re-written in a conventional style. --Bob Mellish 06:09, 29 June 2007 (UTC)
Examples of how dioptric power can be measured from curvature
Conventional text doesn't offer the fonts necessary to write the mathematical equivalents necessary to describe how curvature can be used in a lens of known refractive index to give a mechanical measurement of diopters. The necessity of .jpg files to do this seemed to be the easiest solution. Although this approach is all or nothing, still it gives a valuable demonstration on the visual learning gleaned from how a lens clock measures dioptric power. StationNT5Bmedia 16:25, 1 July 2007 (UTC)
* I missed this earlier, but in case you're still around: Wikipedia has full LaTeX math markup. See Help:Displaying a formula for information on how to format math.--Srleffler (talk) 15:17, 27 September 2008 (UTC)
Etymology
I added an etymology section to show that the term was originated by Kepler. This was removed and replaced with a comment that it was earlier used by Kepler. Coining a term and using a term are not the same thing. If someone can find an earlier source for the term and therefore show that Kepler was just using an accepted word then this latest edit should stand. Otherwise, I think that a section that points to Kepler as the originator is better. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:49, 3 March 2013 (UTC)
* I moved it back into the footnote and added the comment about Kepler "using" the term, because of a few different concerns. Your "etymology" section contained only the claim that Kepler coined the term, without the statement already in the article that the usage discussed here was proposed by French ophthalmologist Ferdinand Monoyer in 1872. I could have addressed this problem by including that information in the etymology section, but in this case I felt it was better to keep the discussion of origins of the term all together in the lede, and keep it brief. (Normally I dislike having any discussion of etymology in the lede of an article, but in this case it seemed appropriate.)
* I find the claim that Kepler "coined" the term dioptre, as used here, to be dubious. I suspect that that statement comes from some editor mis-describing Kepler's book title Dioptrice as a first use of the modern term dioptre (or diopter). This is mistaken. The person who "coined" the term is the first one to have used the modern word with its modern meaning. I highly doubt that Kepler did so, but I didn't want to remove the claim altogether so I settled for moving it back into the footnote. I will now remove it altogether. If Kepler actually used "dioptre" to refer to inverse meters, you can add it back in. A specific reference would be helpful.--Srleffler (talk) 22:11, 3 March 2013 (UTC)
Approximate distance between "lens system" and retina.
The article said (about) 2/3 of total power of eye was from cornea and (about) 1/3 was from the lens. This is a total of 3/3 or 1.0. Srleffler suggested in an edit comment that the vitreous would have an effect on the actual distance from the lens system to the retina, so that it wouldn't actually be 1/(total power). Yet, the text suggests that all (2/3 + 1/3) of the approximately 60-d refractive power of the eye comes (only) from the lens combined with the cornea (the "lens system"). That suggests to me that the contribution of the vitreous must be is small, at least small enough to be unimportant to the article's purpose of explaining "diopter". And so, it would be reasonable to ignore it when asserting that the distance is "about" the same as the 1/60 meter figure obtained by the simple conversion of power to focal length.
I would also say that the "1/60" figure, which is self-evidently the result of the simple definition of "diopter" given in this very article, is not WP:OR. If it was, we would have to have to find some secondary source somewhere that said specifically that "60 Diopters corresponds to a focal length of 1/60 meter", and that would be silly. I'm not sure though if Srleffler was calling "1/60 m <-> 60 d" WP:OR or something else.
The thickness of the lens system (lens plus cornea) is obviously large compared to focal length for the eye. So, any distance to it would be approximate unless the "center" of the system were defined. However, this article's topic is "diopter" rather than "precise description of the human eye", so it's probably a distraction to get wrapped up in that level of detail. The main reason we're talking about human eye is to give some compelling examples to assist in explaining "diopter". The paragraph already used "approximately" and "about" to suggest the level of precision appropriate here. I continued that use that to appropriately "gloss over" the details unimportant to effective examples for "diopter".
<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:02, 20 October 2014 (UTC)
* Hi. The error you're making is that you are confusing focal length with "distance from the lens to the image plane". These are not the same thing. There are at least three problems with confusing these two distinct concepts. One is that, as you know, they can only be strictly equal for a thin lens. For a thick lens, the required analysis is more complicated, and involves the principal planes of the lens (not the "center"). The second problem is that even for a thin lens the focal length is only equal to the image plane distance when the lens is focused on an object at infinity. As you sit at your computer reading this, you can be sure that your eye is imaging the text onto your retina, which certainly would not happen if the distance from your eye's lens to the retina were equal to the focal length—even if the lens were thin.
* The worst of the three problems with confusing focal length and image plane distance, though, is that even for a thin lens focused at infinity they are only equal if that thin lens is in air. If the lens has air on one side and water or gel on the other (as in the eye), the distance from the lens to the image plane is nf, where n is the index of the medium, and f is the focal length. For a normal eye, that means that when the eye is relaxed the retina should be about 2.2 cm from the rear principal plane of the lens. Obviously, this is WP:OR and not suitable for the article, but note that the outside diameter of an adult human eyeball is about 2.4 cm.
* This is a good example of why we have our policy on No original research and of requiring citations. Sometimes even things that seem obvious are not.
* I recommend not trying to work focal length into the section on the eye. Focal length is easy and intuitive for simple problems involving thin lenses in air, and becomes progressively less so as one moves away from that case. You're not going to find a truthful way to incorporate focal length into the discussion of the eye that helps a naive reader to understand dioptres better.--Srleffler (talk) 04:45, 20 October 2014 (UTC)
Please don't try to lecture on OR policy. I understand OR thoroughly. You're also assuming things I didn't write, please try to be more careful. My argument is/was that a certain amount of glossing over those very good points you make (thick lens, etc.) is acceptable in greater service of giving examples of the topic at hand ("diopter"). If glossing-over (via "approx" and "about") isn't to your liking, then fix it by mentioning the things causing variations from thin-lens estimate and that the thin-lens estimate is still pretty good (which it is). Regarding the "OR" of adding that, given how informed you are on the subject, I imaging that you in particular could easily find sources for it right on your shelf. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 06:02, 20 October 2014 (UTC)
* Reread the paragraph above that starts with "The worst of the three problems..." This is not a small correction, it is not a "thin lens" issue, and it fundamentally contradicts what you are trying to do. You are trying to explain optical power by relating the focal length to the distance between the eye's lens and retina, but fundamentally the focal length is not related to that distance in the way you suppose. Claiming that the focal length is the distance between the lens and the retina is not just inaccurate—it is fundamentally wrong. --Srleffler (talk) 16:38, 20 October 2014 (UTC)
External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,
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Error? Human eye relaxed optical power
Section "In vision correction" currently says: "In humans, the total optical power of the relaxed eye is approximately 60 dioptres.[4]"
This does not seem to correspond with the reference given, nor with other references I have seen. Assuming "relaxed eye" means "minimum accommodation" (viewing infinite distance), most references give an optical power of 40 to 45 diopters. They then attribute to the crystalline lens an additional 15 to 20 diopters. Unless I am misunderstanding the current narrative, it appears to make one or other of these mistakes: suggesting that the relaxed eye incorporates the maximum power of the lens, or suggesting that the maximum optical power is 60+20 diopters. Gwideman (talk) 23:29, 15 October 2017 (UTC)
* The source cited does not say whether it is giving the refractive power of the relaxed eye (minimum accommodation), but a quick Google search finds other sources that do give 60 D as the optical power of the relaxed eye, with accommodation adding up to about 10 D to this, for a young adult. I didn't see any that claimed optical power as low as 40–45 D for an actual eye. Be suspicious of naive analysis based on the diameter of the eyeball. The eye is not a thin lens attached to a ball filled with air, and one over the eye's diameter is not the optical power of the eye.--Srleffler (talk) 04:07, 16 October 2017 (UTC)
Definition
Article currently says "For example, a 3-dioptre lens brings parallel rays of light to focus at 1⁄3 metre.". Should it specify the distance between these parallel rays of light? Or am I missing something? cagliost (talk) 17:34, 22 June 2019 (UTC)
* No, any parallel rays that enter the lens will be brought to focus at the same distance. That's how a lens works.--Srleffler (talk) 03:09, 23 June 2019 (UTC)
Why British English?
Nishānt Omm (talk) 15:56, 10 April 2022 (UTC)
* Why not British English? See WP:ENGVAR for the guidelines. This article was originally created in British English, so that is what we use. Unless a topic is particular to one part of the world, we use whichever variety of English happened to be used when the article was created. --Srleffler (talk) 17:36, 10 April 2022 (UTC) | WIKI |
COIN-OR
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COIN-OR
80x80
Formation 2000
Website www.coin-or.org
Computational Infrastructure for Operations Research (COIN-OR), is a project that aims to "create for mathematical software what the open literature is for mathematical theory." The open literature (e.g., a research journal) provides the operations research (OR) community with a peer-review process and an archive. Papers in operations research journals on mathematical theory often contain supporting numerical results from computational studies. The software implementations, models, and data used to produce the numerical results are typically not published. The status quo impeded researchers needing to reproduce computational results, make fair comparisons, and extend the state of the art.
The success of Linux, Apache, and other projects popularized the open source model of software development and distribution. A group at IBM Research proposed open source as an analogous yet viable means to publish software, models, and data. COIN-OR was conceived as an initiative to promote open source in the computational operations research community and to provide the on-line resources and hosting services required to enable others to run their own open-source software projects.
The COIN-OR website was launched as an experiment in 2000, in conjunction with 17th International Symposium on Math Programming in Atlanta, Georgia. In 2007, COIN-OR had 25 application projects,[1] including tools for linear programming (e.g., COIN-OR CLP), nonlinear programming (e.g., IPOPT), integer programming (e.g., CBC, Bcp and COIN-OR SYMPHONY), algebraic modeling languages (e.g., Coopr) and more. By 2011, this had grown to 48 projects.[2] COIN-OR is hosted by the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences, INFORMS, and run by the educational, non-profit COIN-OR Foundation.
Projects[edit]
CLP[edit]
COIN-OR LP (CLP) is an open-source linear programming solver written in C++. It is published under the Common Public License so it can be used in proprietary software with none of the restrictions of the GNU General Public License. CLP is primarily meant to be used as a callable library, although a stand-alone executable version can be built. It is designed to be as reliable as any commercial solver (if a bit slower) and to be able to tackle very large problems.
CLP is designed to solve linear programming problems such as :
minimize
• subject to problem constraints of the following form
• and non-negative variables
with up to millions of variables and/or constraints. Its main algorithm is the simplex algorithm.
CLP is used in other COIN-OR projects such as SYMPHONY, Branch Cut and Price (BCP), COIN-OR Branch and Cut (CBC), and others.
CBC[edit]
COIN-OR branch and cut (CBC) is an open-source mixed integer programming solver written in C++. It can be used as both a stand-alone executable and as a callable library (through A Mathematical Programming Language (AMPL) [natively], General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) [using the links provided by the COIN-OR Optimization Services (OS) and GAMSlinks projects], MPL [through the CoinMP project], AIMMS [through the AIMMSlinks project], or PuLP).
SYMPHONY[edit]
Single- or multi-process optimization over networks (SYMPHONY) is an open source branch and cut framework for solving mixed integer programs (MIPs) over heterogeneous networks.[3] It can use CLP, CPLEX, XPRESS or other linear programming solvers to solve the underlying linear programs.
SYMPHONY is a callable library which implements both sequential and parallel versions of branch, cut and price to solve MILPs. A branch, cut and price algorithm is similar to a branch and bound algorithm but additionally includes cutting-plane methods and pricing algorithms. The user of the library can customize the algorithm in any number of ways by supplying application-specific subroutines for reading in custom data files, generating application-specific cutting planes, or applying custom branching rules, resulting in a customized state-of-the-art branch and cut algorithm. Most components of the algorithm, e.g., search tree management, management of linear programming solution, cut pool management, and communication management, are internal to the library and need not be touched by the user. The executables can be built in any number of configurations ranging from completely sequential to fully parallel with independently functioning cut generators, cut pools, and LP solvers. The distributed version currently runs in any environment supported by the PVM message passing protocol. The same source code can also be compiled for shared-memory architectures using any OpenMP compliant compiler.
SYMPHONY reads MPS (through the COIN-OR MPS reader) and GNU MathProg files. SYMPHONY does not have an LP-Solver of its own, but can be used with solvers like Clp, Cplex, Xpress through the Osi-interface. Cuts are generated using COIN's cut generation library: CGL. SYMPHONY also has structure specific implementations for problems like the traveling salesman problem, vehicle routing problem, set partitioning problem, mixed postman problem, etc. SYMPHONY also has an interactive shell where the user can enter commands to execute and control the program.
PuLP[edit]
PuLP is an LP/IP modeler written in Python.[4] It can generate MPS or LP files and call GLPK, CLP/CBC, CPLEX, and Gurobi to solve linear problems. PuLP is the default optimization tool in SolverStudio for Excel.
SMI[edit]
SMI is a stochastic programming modeler and solver written in C++.[5] It can read Stochastic MPS and offers direct interfaces for constructing stochastic programs. It generates the deterministic equivalent linear program, solves it, and provides interfaces to access the scenario solutions.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
1. ^ COIN-OR Annual Report, 2007
2. ^ COIN-OR Annual Report, 2011
3. ^ SYMPHONY
4. ^ PuLP
5. ^ SMI
Further reading[edit]
External links[edit] | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:RenegadeBiscuit
RenegadeBiscuit or commonly know as Jake Millington, is a hard guy, he is like super clever. If he had a brain battle with stephen hawkins he'd win. He is like the best on the plant on COD:WAW and COD:4 and is one brilliant player on the new lord of the rings. I am well known across the planet, i met George Bush once we went and did drive bys and things that fellow hard people do. Matthew Ian Jones is very silly, he of course thinks he can rival my brilliant reputation but i will show him. And Ashley Sleeth! Don't make me get started on that pathetic barabarian, he has no friends but he does have a ipod touch and yes you did fall of your chair. | WIKI |
Talk:Legislature of the Hawaiian Kingdom
Session of 1840
I think there was a session in 1840 consisting the House of Nobles listed in the constitution that met at Lahaina in November 2-14, 1840, to pass the initial constitution. Hoapili and Kealiiahonui weren't able to make the 1841 session, not that they weren't able to serve as nobles until 1842.--KAVEBEAR (talk) 06:14, 2 July 2012 (UTC)
Proposal
I see that this is not a high-traffic article but wanted to propose an idea I've been toying with: changing this to a list, significantly working on the references, adding a sortable table of all of the members of both houses by year and house, and nominating it as a Featured List. It will take some time to transcribe all the names and design the table...--Godot13 (talk) 07:35, 15 March 2016 (UTC)
* Would you be interested in helping in transcribing from Lydecker's Roster Legislatures of Hawaii, 1841-1918? I've been trying to do this for the 1892 legislature for the entire day just in order to list out all the --KAVEBEAR (talk) 07:02, 4 December 2016 (UTC)
Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Kingdom of Hawaii which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 23:59, 3 July 2019 (UTC)
Early representatives
1841 session
* David Malo of Maui
* Zorobabela Kaʻauwai of Maui
* L. Kolona Halaʻi of Oahu
1842 session
* Jacob Malo of Hawaii
* Kapae of Hawaii
* David Malo of Maui
* Samuel Kamakau of Maui
* L. Kolona Halaʻi of Oahu
* Paul Kanoa of Oahu
* David Papohaku of Kauai
1843 session (incomplete according to Spaulding) KAVEBEAR (talk) 22:57, 16 May 2023 (UTC)
* Kapae of Hawaii
* David Malo of Maui | WIKI |
Page:The Works of the Rev. Jonathan Swift, Volume 1.djvu/570
534 their own money, as they shall necessarily expend in the execution of this trust. And that, until the said charter be obtained, all acts which shall at any time be done in the execution of this trust by the greater part of my executors then living, with the consent of the greater part of the said additional trustees under their hands in writing, shall be as valid and effectual, as if all my executors had concurred in the same.
Item: Whereas I purchased the inheritance of the tithes of the parish of Effernock, near Trim, in the county of Meath, for two hundred and sixty pounds sterling: I bequeath the said tithes to the vicars of Laracor, for the time being, that is to say, so long as the present episcopal religion shall continue to be the national established faith and profession in this kingdom: but, whenever any other form of Christian religion shall become the established faith in this kingdom, I leave the said tithes of Effernock to be bestowed, as the profits come in, to the poor of the said parish of Laracor, by a weekly proportion, and by such other officers as may then have the power of distributing charities to the poor of the said parish, while Christianity under any shape shall be tolerated among us, still excepting professed jews, atheists, and infidels.
Item: Whereas I have some leases of certain houses in Kevin's-street, near the deanery-house, built upon the dean's ground, and one other house now inhabited by Henry Land, in Deanery lane, alias Mitre alley, some of which leases are let for forty-one years, or forty at least, and not yet half expired, I bequeath to Mrs. Martha Whiteway, my lease or leases of the said houses; I also bequeath to | WIKI |
Talk:Taipei Municipal Neihu Senior High School
Requested move 19 March 2020
* The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.
Taipei Municipal Nei-Hu Senior High School → Taipei Municipal Neihu Senior High School – Taipei Municipal Neihu Senior High School (without hyphen) is the official English name of this school.[ Official English website ] 2402:7500:588:409F:0:0:80D3:FA7B (talk) 07:56, 19 March 2020 (UTC) —Relisting. Jerm (talk) 00:57, 29 March 2020 (UTC)
* IP, you should probably read WP:COMMONNAME. Not taking any position on the issue, just pointing out that the school's official name isn't necessarily the correct title for the article. John from Idegon (talk) 13:12, 20 March 2020 (UTC)
* Search in Google: 13 results for "Nei-Hu" High School -Junior -Vocational (to exclude results for "Neihu", "Junior" and "Vocational" because refer to different schools, the result count also exclude Wikimedia Projects and mirror sites of Wikipedia), Search in Google: 25 results for "Neihu" High School -Vocational -Junior (to exclude results for "Nei-Hu", "Junior" and "Vocational" because refer to different schools, the result count also exclude Wikimedia Projects and mirror sites of Wikipedia). And "Nei-Hu" also didn't meet the guildlines in WP:NC-ZH. It is neither a common name nor an official name, and didn't use the correct styles for Chinese romanlization. --2402:7500:52A:979:0:0:0:1 (talk) 09:17, 30 March 2020 (UTC)
* "The titles of Chinese entries should follow current academic conventions, which generally means Hanyu Pinyin without tone marks. Pinyin is spaced according to words, not characters; the correct form of the title is Zizhi Tongjian, not "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" or "ZiZhi TongJian"."
- WP:NC-ZH --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 10:50, 6 April 2020 (UTC)
* The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion. | WIKI |
Talk:Samir K. Brahmachari
Blanking Controversies
I request Geetha Sugumaran not to blank the "Controversies" section in the future. Samir K. Brahmachari is a somewhat controversial figure, and the Wikipedia article must reflect this. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 12:13, 15 February 2015 (UTC)
Needs repair
I added the template: most of the article reads like one, not an encyclopedia. And most of it violates WP:V. If one removed all the unverified material, there wouldn't be much left. Barte (talk) 00:09, 21 February 2016 (UTC) | WIKI |
programs gym photos nutrition videos
Training Plan for Thursday November 15th 2018
15 min to practice
A) pause power cleans
- 3-5 sets of
- 1.1.1 power cleans - 3s pause in catch
or 3-5 sets of
- 5 romanian deadlift @3111
+ 5 front squats @3111
B) balance of class to complete
- 4/4 bulgarian split squat @2222
- 4/4 cossack squat @2222
- 4/4 DB high pull - climbing
- 10 weighted sit ups - 10-15% bdywt
- 4/4 single arm DB shoulder press - climbing
- 30/30s single arm front rack KB hold - approx 2% bdywt
C) 2 minutes of each
- kneeling wrist extension stretch
- 10 second wrist closed fist wrist rotations
Notes:
- if limited in hip flexion or wrist extension use squats and romanian deadlifts | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
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