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Are there any decongestants safe during pregnancy?
Decongestant medications reduce stuffiness and sinus pressure by constricting the blood vessels in your nose, which reduces swelling. Pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine are available over the counter as Sudafed and are safe for many women to use during pregnancy.
Can I use decongestants while pregnant?
Over-the-counter decongestants are, for the most part, safe during pregnancy, physicians advise. Most decongestants do not contain enough medication to cause problems with baby, especially if used for short periods.
How do I get rid of congestion while pregnant?
To ease congestion and other symptoms of pregnancy rhinitis:
1. Drink plenty of hydrating fluids.
2. Elevate your head with extra pillows when you lie down to rest or sleep.
3. Take a warm shower and linger in the steamy bathroom. …
4. Try saline nose drops or saline nasal spray, available over the counter at drugstores.
What Sudafed is safe during pregnancy?
Sudafed (Pseudoephedrine) 30-60 mg every 4-6 hours can be used in the second and third trimesters in women without gestational hypertension. Avoid use in the first trimester and with breastfeeding.
IT\'S FUN: You asked: What are crab babies called?
Why is decongestant bad for pregnancy?
Recent findings show that the use of a decongestant during the first trimester of pregnancy may raise the risk of certain rare birth defects in your unborn child. Over-the-counter medicines, including phenylephrine and pseudoephedrine (which are commonly used in products like Afrin, Mucinex, Sudafed, Dristan, etc.)
Is Vicks VapoRub safe during pregnancy?
Cough medicine
Expectorants like Mucinex, cough suppressants like Robitussin, vapor rubs like Vicks VapoRub, and cough drops are all considered safe during pregnancy.
What cold medicine is safe for pregnancy?
Safe OTC Cold and Flu Treatment to Use During Pregnancy
• Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
• Actifed.
• Saline nasal drops or spray.
• Sudafed.
• Tylenol Sinus.
• Tylenol Cold and Flu.
• Warm salt/water gargle.
Is it safe to take mucinex while pregnant?
Mucinex is likely safe to take while breastfeeding and during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Before taking any medication while pregnant or breastfeeding, it’s a good idea to talk to your doctor first.
What can I take for mucus while pregnant?
Two major cough medication ingredients—dextromethorphan (a cough suppressant) and guaifenesin (an expectorant, which means it loosens up thick mucus)—both appear to be safe during pregnancy, although both have been tested in relatively few studies.
What meds are OK to take while pregnant?
Which Medications Are Safe During Pregnancy?
• Safe to take: Regular and extra-strength Tylenol (acetaminophen)
• Safe to take: Metamucil, Colace, Citracel, Milk of Magnesia, Dulcolax.
• Safe to take: Tums, Maalox, Mylanta, Pepcid.
• Safe to take: Penicillin.
• Safe to take: Monistat, Gynelotrimin.
Can Sudafed cause miscarriage?
Does taking pseudoephedrine increase the chance of miscarriage? Miscarriage can occur in any pregnancy. There are no studies looking at whether pseudoephedrine would increase the chance of miscarriage.
IT\'S FUN: Can you eat fish when you pregnant?
What can I take for sinus pain while pregnant?
Medications used to treat acute sinus infections include cefprozil (Cefzil) and amoxicillin-clavulanate. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is also regarded as safe to use during pregnancy for pain relief and/or headaches.
Is Sudafed PE safe for pregnancy?
Benadryl, Claritin, Sudafed PE, Tylenol and Zyrtec are all safe, over-the-counter medications to relieve allergies while you’re pregnant.
Can nasal spray cause birth defects?
“Pregnant women who use nasal sprays for colds and hayfever increase the risk of rare birth defects,” reports the Mail Online. “Pregnant women who use nasal sprays for colds and hayfever increase the risk of rare birth defects,” reports the Mail Online.
Why is Sudafed bad during pregnancy?
However, they advise against the use of oral decongestants during the first trimester because of the potential increased risk of gastroschisis (an abdominal wall defect). Retrospective studies have shown an increased risk of gastroschisis with pseudoephedrine.
What is the safest decongestant?
In the drug realm, antihistamines such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl), chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton), cetirizine (Zyrtec), and loratadine (Claritin) can help with a stuffy nose are safe for the heart. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Issue1185
classification
Title: SecurityException loading classes with __classpath__ in the classpath
Type: security Severity: normal
Components: Core Versions: 2.2.2
Milestone:
process
Status: closed Resolution: fixed
Dependencies: Superseder:
Assigned To: Nosy List: ecapachedev, pjenvey
Priority: normal Keywords:
Created on 2008-11-26.23:11:23 by ecapachedev, last changed 2009-06-21.21:54:20 by pjenvey.
Files
File name Uploaded Description Edit Remove
imp.java ecapachedev, 2008-11-26.23:11:22 Modified imp.java file (from 2.2.1)
SyspathJavaLoader.java ecapachedev, 2008-11-26.23:11:52 Modified SyspathJavaLoader.java file (from 2.2.1)
Messages
msg3855 (view) Author: (ecapachedev) Date: 2008-11-26.23:11:19
When using Jython in a container with security enabled, the
"__classpath__" classpath causes a SecurityException unless there is a
FilePermission grant to "__classpath__/-". Since the injection of
"__classpath__" to the classpath is sort of a hack to get the
JavaImporter to be used, it would seem there should be code to ignore
the use of the path when loading classes. In particular, the two places
I noticed an issue are:
1) org.python.core.imp.loadFromSource(String, String, PyObject)
A check for dir.isDirectory() will cause the SecurityException. As a
potential workaround, first check for
directoryName.equals("__classpath__") and if true, return null.
2) org.python.core.SyspathJavaLoader.loadClass(String, boolean)
A call to file.length() will cause the SecurityException. As a
potential workaround, first check for !dir.equals("__classpath__")
before proceeding to create the File and read from it.
msg4836 (view) Author: Philip Jenvey (pjenvey) Date: 2009-06-21.21:54:20
handling SecurityExceptions for these two places (and many more) were
added in r6252 (for #1188)
History
Date User Action Args
2009-06-21 21:54:20pjenveysetstatus: open -> closed
resolution: fixed
messages: + msg4836
nosy: + pjenvey
2009-03-14 02:35:54fwierzbickisetpriority: normal
2008-11-26 23:26:46ecapachedevsettitle: SecurityException with __classpath__ in the classpath -> SecurityException loading classes with __classpath__ in the classpath
2008-11-26 23:11:52ecapachedevsetfiles: + SyspathJavaLoader.java
2008-11-26 23:11:23ecapachedevcreate | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
화학공학소재연구정보센터
Applied Catalysis A: General, Vol.550, 176-183, 2018
Coupled reforming of methane to syngas (2H(2)-CO) over Mg-Al oxide supported Ni catalyst
We report bi-reforming and coupled reforming of methane with carbon dioxide, steam and/or oxygen to produce syngas over Ni supported on Mg-Al mixed oxide. The catalyst has been characterised in terms of specific surface area, TPR, XRD, TGA-DTG, SEM and TPO-MS analysis. Ni/Mg-Al mixed oxide exhibited Ni particle size range (11-30 nm) with a mean of 20.7 nm. Syngas H-2/CO = 2.0, suitable for methanol/Fischer-Tropsch fuel synthesis, has been achieved for both reactions (T = 1048 K, P = 1 atm). The impact of process parameters including temperature, feeding concentration and GHSV on conversion and H-2/CO ratio has been demonstrated. The Ni catalyst suffered temporal activity decline in bi-reforming that can be linked to formation of carbon whiskers encapsulated Ni particles resulting in a loss of active sites. Coupled reforming delivered higher CH4 conversion and enhanced stability, but lower CO2 conversion than bi-reforming under similar conditions. The enhanced stability in coupled reforming can be attributed to lower carbon deposition on Ni particles due to combustion of carbon by oxygen. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Understanding Water Quality Testing in Calgary
Last Updated on 1 year by admin
Water is one of the most essential elements for life, and it’s important to ensure that the water we use and consume is safe and free from harmful contaminants. Water quality testing is an important process that helps to identify any potential contaminants in our water supply. In Calgary, water quality testing is conducted regularly to ensure that the water is safe for consumption. In this essay, we will explore the various aspects of water quality testing in Calgary.
Water quality testing is an essential process that helps to ensure that the water we drink is safe and healthy. In Calgary, there are several organizations and companies that offer water quality testing services to residents and businesses. This introduction will provide an overview of water quality testing in Calgary, including the reasons why it is important, the types of contaminants that are tested for, and the methods used to conduct water quality testing.
The Importance of Water Quality Testing
Water quality testing is essential because it helps to identify any potential contaminants in our water supply. Contaminants can be harmful to our health and can cause various illnesses. Water quality testing helps to identify these contaminants, which then allows for appropriate measures to be taken to ensure that the water is safe for consumption. Regular water quality testing is particularly important in Calgary because the city relies heavily on surface water sources.
The Risks of Contaminated Water
Contaminated water can cause various health problems, ranging from mild to severe. Some of the common illnesses associated with contaminated water include:
• Gastrointestinal illnesses: These include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and stomach cramps.
• Skin problems: Contaminated water can cause skin irritation and rashes.
• Respiratory problems: Breathing in contaminated water can cause respiratory problems such as chest congestion and coughing.
• Reproductive problems: Contaminated water can cause reproductive problems such as infertility and miscarriages.
How Water Quality Testing is Conducted in Calgary
Water quality testing in Calgary is conducted by the City of Calgary Water Services. The City of Calgary has a comprehensive water quality testing program that includes testing for various contaminants, including:
• Bacteria: Testing is conducted for the presence of total coliforms and E. coli.
• Chemicals: Testing is conducted for various chemicals such as lead, copper, and nitrates.
• Disinfectants: Testing is conducted for disinfectants such as chlorine and chloramines.
• Microorganisms: Testing is conducted for various microorganisms such as Cryptosporidium and Giardia.
One key takeaway from this text is the importance of water quality testing in ensuring safe and healthy drinking water for the public. By regularly testing for contaminants and monitoring the water treatment process, the City of Calgary is able to provide reliable and safe drinking water for its residents. Public education and access to resources and tools are also crucial in making sure that the public is informed and involved in the water quality testing process.
### The Sampling Process
Water samples are collected from various locations throughout the city, including homes, schools, and businesses. Samples are collected in sterile bottles and transported to a laboratory for testing. The laboratory analyzes the samples for the presence of contaminants and provides the results to the City of Calgary Water Services.
### The Results
The results of water quality testing in Calgary are made available to the public on the City of Calgary website. The results are updated regularly and provide information on the quality of the water in various locations throughout the city. If any contaminants are detected, the City of Calgary takes appropriate measures to address the issue and ensure that the water is safe for consumption.
See also Understanding Water Quality Testing and the Importance of PPM Measurement
## The Benefits of Water Quality Testing
Water quality testing provides various benefits, including:
– Ensuring that the water is safe for consumption
– Identifying potential problems before they become serious
– Providing information to the public about the quality of the water
– Helping to protect the environment by identifying potential sources of pollution
Water quality testing is an essential process that helps to identify any potential contaminants in our water supply. In Calgary, the City of Calgary Water Services conducts regular testing for various contaminants, including bacteria, chemicals, disinfectants, and microorganisms. The results are made available to the public and regulatory bodies, which helps to ensure that the water is safe for consumption. Water treatment is also an important process that removes various contaminants from the water and ensures that it is safe for consumption. Public education is also crucial to ensure that the public understands the importance of water quality testing and the role that they can play in maintaining safe drinking water.
### The Economic Benefits
Water quality testing can also provide economic benefits by:
– Reducing healthcare costs associated with waterborne illnesses
– Reducing the costs associated with water treatment
– Helping to attract businesses and residents to the area
### Sampling
Water samples are collected from various locations throughout the city, including homes, schools, and businesses. Samples are collected in sterile bottles and transported to a laboratory for testing. Samples are collected on a regular basis to ensure that the water quality is consistent and to identify any potential problems before they become serious.
### Analysis
The laboratory analyzes the samples for the presence of various contaminants, including bacteria, chemicals, disinfectants, and microorganisms. The analysis process involves various tests and measurements to determine the concentration of each contaminant in the sample. The laboratory also performs quality control checks to ensure that the results are accurate.
### Reporting
The results of water quality testing in Calgary are made available to the public on the City of Calgary website. The results are updated regularly and provide information on the quality of the water in various locations throughout the city. The results are also reported to various regulatory bodies to ensure that the water meets all regulatory requirements.
## The Role of Water Treatment
Water treatment is an important process that helps to ensure that the water is safe for consumption. The City of Calgary uses a multi-step water treatment process that includes filtration, disinfection, and distribution. The treatment process removes various contaminants from the water and ensures that it is safe for consumption.
One key takeaway from this text is the importance of regular water quality testing to ensure safe drinking water. Water quality testing helps to identify potential contaminants that can cause various health problems, and the results of the testing are regularly shared with the public to promote transparency and trust. In addition to ensuring the safety and health of the public, water quality testing can also provide economic benefits and help protect the environment by identifying potential sources of pollution. Public education and engagement are also crucial components of water quality testing in Calgary, as they help promote awareness and participation in the process.
See also Water Quality Testing Association: Ensuring the Safety of our Water Supply
Filtration
The water is first filtered to remove any large particles and debris. This is done using a series of screens and filters that remove particles down to a certain size. This helps to ensure that the water is free from any large impurities that may be present in the water.
Disinfection
After filtration, the water is disinfected using various methods, including chlorination and chloramination. Disinfection helps to kill any bacteria or viruses that may be present in the water. The disinfection process is carefully monitored to ensure that the water is disinfected properly and that the disinfectant levels are within the safe range.
Distribution
After disinfection, the water is distributed to various locations throughout the city. The distribution system is carefully monitored to ensure that the water is delivered safely and that the quality of the water is maintained throughout the distribution system.
The Importance of Public Education
Public education is an important aspect of water quality testing in Calgary. The City of Calgary Water Services provides various resources and tools to help educate the public about the importance of water quality testing and the role that they can play in ensuring that the water is safe for consumption.
Resources
The City of Calgary provides various resources to help educate the public about water quality testing. These resources include:
• Educational materials: The City of Calgary provides educational materials that explain the water quality testing process and the importance of safe drinking water.
• Public meetings: The City of Calgary holds public meetings to discuss water quality issues and to provide information to the public.
• Website: The City of Calgary website provides information on the water quality testing process and the results of testing in various locations throughout the city.
Tools
The City of Calgary also provides various tools to help the public understand the water quality testing process and to monitor the quality of the water in their area. These tools include:
• Water testing kits: The City of Calgary provides water testing kits that allow residents to test the quality of the water in their homes.
• Mobile app: The City of Calgary provides a mobile app that allows residents to access information about the quality of the water in their area.
FAQs for Water Quality Testing Calgary
What is water quality testing?
Water quality testing is the process of analyzing physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of water to detect any contaminants, pollutants, or other substances that might be harmful to human health or the environment. The aim of water quality testing is to ensure that water is safe for human consumption and other uses, such as swimming or fishing. The tests can be conducted by a professional water quality testing service provider, the government or homeowners using DIY testing kits.
Why should I test my water quality?
Testing your water quality regularly is essential to know the condition of your water source. The quality of water can alter over time due to environmental factors, aging infrastructure, or natural occurrences. Testing water quality can identify contaminants such as bacteria, viruses, heavy metals, or chemicals that might be hazardous to your health, especially if consumed over a long period. Testing your water quality can also determine the effectiveness of any water treatment system you may have installed.
See also Water Quality Testing: Everything You Need to Know
How often should I test my water quality?
The frequency of water quality testing will depend on the source of the water and the risks associated. If your drinking water comes from a private well, it’s recommended that testing is conducted at least once every year. If you live in an area that is exposed to natural disasters such as floods, hurricanes or any significant environmental disaster, regular testing can be crucial. It’s also advisable to test your water quality regularly, even if you receive your water from a public water system.
How is water quality testing conducted?
Water quality testing can be done by taking samples of water and analyzing them in a laboratory or using portable testing equipment. The samples are analyzed for various contaminants and pollutants depending on what the tests are intended to measure. The tests can analyze various factors such as pH levels, bacteria, minerals, and heavy metal levels. The testing method used will depend on the type of contaminant or pollutant being tested and the equipment available.
How much does water quality testing cost in Calgary?
The cost of water quality testing in Calgary can vary depending on several factors, such as the size and type of sample, the number of contaminants being tested, and the type of testing method used. Typically, professional water quality testing providers charge around $100-$300 for a standard test. Some companies provide package deals that offer comprehensive testing for multiple pollutants at discounted prices. DIY kits are also available and cost between $20-$100. However, DIY kits may not be as accurate as professional testing methods.
What can I do if my water quality is poor?
If you find that your water quality test results show unacceptable levels of contaminants, you should immediately stop using the water for drinking and other purposes. You can contact a professional water treatment service provider to install a treatment system that can remove the contaminants or pollutants in your water. Regular testing and treatment can help you secure a safe supply of water for your family or business. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
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Basic modelling of effects of geometry and magnetic field for quantum wires injecting electrons into a two-dimensional electron reservoir.
08:00 EDT 16th May 2019 | BioPortfolio
Summary of "Basic modelling of effects of geometry and magnetic field for quantum wires injecting electrons into a two-dimensional electron reservoir."
High-mobility two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) which resides at the interface between GaAs and AlGaAs layered semiconductors has been used experimentally and theoretically to study ballistic electron transport. The present paper is motivated by recent experiments in magnetic electron focusing. The proposed device consists of two quantum point contacts (QPCs) serving as electron injector and collector which are placed in the same semiconductor GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure. Here we focus on a theoretical study of the injection of electrons via a quantum wire/QPC into an open two-dimensional (2D) reservoir. The transport is considered for non-interacting electrons at different transmission regimes using the mode-matching technique. The proposed mode-matching technique has been implemented numerically. Electron flow through the quantum wire with hard-wall rectangular, conical and rounded openings has been studied. We have found for these three cases that the geometry of the opening does not play a crucial role for the electron propagation. When a perpendicular magnetic field is applied the electron paths in the 2D reservoir are curved. We analyse this case both classically and quantum-mechanically. The effect of spin-splitting due to exchange interactions on the electron flow is also considered. The effect is clearly present for realistic choices of device parameters and consistent with observations. The results of this study may be applied in designing magnetic focusing devices and spin separation.
Affiliation
Journal Details
This article was published in the following journal.
Name: Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal
ISSN: 1361-648X
Pages:
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Medical and Biotech [MESH] Definitions
Steel wires, often threaded through the skin, soft tissues, and bone, used to fix broken bones. Kirschner wires or apparatus also includes the application of traction to the healing bones through the wires.
Wires of various dimensions and grades made of stainless steel or precious metal. They are used in orthodontic treatment.
Nanometer sized fragments (the dots) of semiconductor crystalline material which emit PHOTONS. The wavelength is based on the quantum confinement size of the dot. They are brighter and more persistent than organic chemical INDICATORS. They can be embedded in MICROBEADS for high throughput ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY.
One of several basic proteins released from EOSINOPHIL cytoplasmic granules. Eosinophil major basic protein is a 14-kDa cytotoxic peptide with a pI of 10.9. In addition to its direct cytotoxic effects, it stimulates the release of variety of INFLAMMATION MEDIATORS.
Enzymes that catalyze the rearrangement of geometry about double bonds. EC 5.2.
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User:Iloverailroading2000/sandbox
Athens Central & Macon Railroad is a Class III railroad operating in south-eastern United States. The railroad operates approximately 103 official route miles (165.762 km) of track and 161 route miles in total, counting trackage rights.
The railroad company operates as a subsidiary of Hartwell Railroad, a Class III railroad company headquartered in Bowersville, GA as well as Social Circle, GA.
In The Beginning
The Athens Central & Macon Railroad Company was formed on January 18, 2019, by combining with the Athens Line, which is a subsidiary of the Hartwell Railroad.
The railroad started out as an idea from two 16yr olds in late 2016. A few years later in 2019, Casey Michaux (Now the CEO) decided with his close friend John Cooney, to create the AC&M out of the Athens Line, also known as "ABR" and "HRT". It took a lot of talks with CSX Transportation, Norfolk Southern Railway, CaterParrott Railnet, and the Hartwell Railroad company. But within time, the owner of the Hartwell Railroad company, Bennie Ray Anderson, agreed on creating the AC&M as a Subsidiary of the Hartwell Railroad by merging with the Athens Line railroad. Thus, a new age of railroading began for the city of Athens, GA and Watkinsville, GA.
History Of The Line
The AC&M railroad operations on a total of 161-miles of track, both officially owned and trackage rights. The railroad's Mainline has two portions, with a branch line. Starting at Center, GA just north of Athens, GA, continuing through Whitehall, Watkinsville, Bishop, Farmington, Apalachee, Madison, Carmichael Lake, Godfrey, Shady-Dale, Monticello, Round Oak, Wayside, Bradley, Gray, Cross Keys, and Macon, GA, which is approximately 86-miles of trackage. With the Shady-Dale, GA branch line that's 17-miles of trackage, this amounts to approximately 103-miles of track on the AC&M Mainline.
The first part of the AC&M's Mainline, is a 38-mile section which was laid between 1876 and was finished to Madison, GA in the late 1880s. This was built by both the North Eastern Railroad (Georgia) and the Georgia Railroad and Banking Company, but when the North Eastern Railroad (Georgia) filed for bankruptcy, the Georgia Railroad and Banking Company took over operations of the line. Today, this portion connects with CSX Transportation at a [[Level junction also know as a "Diamond". As well as it connects with Norfolk Southern Railway just outside of Commerce and Center, GA.
The second portion of AC&M's Mainline, is a 48-mile section which was laid, in 5ft Gauge, Circa-1835 by the Georgia Railroad and Banking Company and completed somewhere around that time as well, later being converted to Standard Gauge in 1886.
Athens Line Scenic Railroad
The AC&M runs a Subsidiary Non-Profit Museum railroad called the Athens Line Scenic Railroad Preservation Society. This Non-Profit group is run by majority volunteers, but with some permanent staff as well.
ALSR operates under trackage rights of the AC&M, operating between Athens, GA and Madison, GA, on approximately 38-miles of track. The ALSR is based in Watkinsville GA, near the AC&M HQ Building. They operate and have on site numerous types of older diesel locomotives, historical pieces, old vehicle parts/vehicles, as well as numerous upcoming projects. They are open 5 days a week, from 8am EST to 10pm EST most days, unless there is a special event.
Check out their website here, for more information! --> www.alsr.preservationsociety.org
ALSR Preservation Society Staff
President: Casey M.
Vice-President: John C.
Secretary: Isac D.
Treasurer: Joseph B.
Advisory Council Chairman: Cole B.
---
Volunteers: N/A
AC&M Divisions
There are two main Divisions on the AC&M, as well as, one Subdivision. The Divisions are as listed; Athens Division, Macon Division, and the Shady-Dale Subdivision. Each Division has it's respective Supervisors for Operations on said trackage.
Athens Division
This Division runs the 38-miles from Athens, GA, to Madison, GA and is respectively operated under supervision of the A-D Supervisor.
Note: The AC&M shares part of this Division, to the Athens Line Scenic Railroad, for excursion trains every few days.
Macon Division
This Division runs the 48-miles from Madison, GA, to Macon, GA and is respectively operated under supervision of the M-D Supervisor.
Shady-Dale Subdivision
This Subdivision, is a Subsidiary of the Macon Division. It runs the 17-miles from Shady-Dale, GA, to Newborn, GA and is respectively operated under supervision of the S-SD Supervisor.
Unit Trains and Mixed-Freights
The AC&M runs multiple types--- N/F
Locomotives
This is an Active/Inactive Locomotive roster of the AC&M Railroad and the ALSR-Preservation Society. N/F
Heritage Locomotives
This is a list of the AC&M Railroad's Heritage Fleet. N/F
Locomotives
This is the Locomotive Roster; N/F
Looking To The Future
N/F
Active Rail Yards
Here is the list of the Active railroad yards the AC&M works out of. N/F
Services
This is a complete list of all the products shipped, by what company, and to where.
Abandoned Sections
This is a complete list of all abandoned sections of track and yards along the AC&M Railroad's route. N/F
Gallery
Here are some present-day photos of the AC&M Railroad. N/F | WIKI |
Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume III/Anti-Marcion/The Five Books Against Marcion/Book V/I
Book V.
Wherein Tertullian proves, with respect to St. Paul’s epistles, what he had proved in the preceding book with respect to St. Luke’s gospel. Far from being at variance, they were in perfect unison with the writings of the Old Testament, and therefore testified that the Creator was the only God, and that the Lord Jesus was his Christ. As in the preceding books, Tertullian supports his argument with profound reasoning, and many happy illustrations of Holy Scripture.
————————————
Chapter I.—Introductory. The Apostle Paul Himself Not the Preacher of a New God.  Called by Jesus Christ, Although After the Other Apostles, His Mission Was from the Creator. States How. The Argument, as in the Case of the Gospel, Confining Proofs to Such Portions of St. Paul’s Writings as Marcion Allowed.
is nothing without a beginning but God alone. Now, inasmuch as the beginning occupies the first place in the condition of all things, so it must necessarily take precedence in the treatment of them, if a clear knowledge is to be arrived at concerning their condition; for you could not find the means of examining even the quality of anything, unless you were certain of its existence, and that after discovering its origin. Since therefore I am brought, in the course of my little work, to this point, I require to know of Marcion the origin of his apostle even—I, who am to some degree a new disciple, the follower of no other master; who at the same time can believe nothing, except that nothing ought to be believed hastily (and that I may further say is hastily believed, which is believed without any examination of its beginning); in short, I who have the best reason possible for bringing this inquiry to a most careful solution, since a man is affirmed to me to be an apostle whom I do not find mentioned in the Gospel in the catalogue of the apostles. Indeed, when I hear that this man was chosen by the Lord after He had attained His rest in heaven, I feel that a kind of improvidence is imputable to Christ, for not knowing before that this man was necessary to Him; and because He thought that he must be added to the apostolic body in the way of a fortuitous encounter rather than a deliberate selection; by necessity (so to speak), and not voluntary choice, although the members of the apostolate had been duly ordained, and were now dismissed to their several missions. Wherefore, O shipmaster of Pontus, if you have never taken on board your small craft any contraband goods or smuggler’s cargo, if you have never thrown overboard or tampered with a freight, you are still more careful and conscientious, I doubt not, in divine things; and so I should be glad if you would inform us under what bill of lading you admitted the Apostle Paul on board, who ticketed him, what owner forwarded him, who handed him to you, that so you may land him without any misgiving, lest he should turn out to belong to him, who can substantiate his claim to him by producing all his apostolic writings. He professes himself to be “an apostle”—to use his own, words—“not of men, nor by man, but by Jesus Christ.” Of course, any one may make a profession concerning himself; but his profession is only rendered valid by the authority of a second person. One man signs, another countersigns; one man appends his seal, another registers in the public records. No one is at once a proposer and a seconder to himself. Besides, you have read, no doubt, that “many shall come, saying, I am Christ.” Now if any one can pretend that he is Christ, how much more might a man profess to be an apostle of Christ! But still, for my own part, I appear in the character of a disciple and an inquirer; that so I may even thus both refute your belief, who have nothing to support it, and confound your shamelessness, who make claims without possessing the means of establishing them. Let there be a Christ, let there be an apostle, although of another god; but what matter? since they are only to draw their proofs out of the Testament of the Creator. Because even the book of Genesis so long ago promised me the Apostle Paul. For among the types and prophetic blessings which he pronounced over his sons, Jacob, when he turned his attention to Benjamin, exclaimed, “Benjamin shall ravin as a wolf; in the morning he shall devour the prey, and at night he shall impart nourishment.” He foresaw that Paul would arise out of the tribe of Benjamin, a voracious wolf, devouring his prey in the morning: in order words, in the early period of his life he would devastate the Lord’s sheep, as a persecutor of the churches; but in the evening he would give them nourishment, which means that in his declining years he would educate the fold of Christ, as the teacher of the Gentiles. Then, again, in Saul’s conduct towards David, exhibited first in violent persecution of him, and then in remorse and reparation, on his receiving from him good for evil, we have nothing else than an anticipation of Paul in Saul—belonging, too, as they did, to the same tribe—and of Jesus in David, from whom He descended according to the Virgin’s genealogy. Should you, however, disapprove of these types, the Acts of the Apostles, at all events, have handed down to me this career of Paul, which you must not refuse to accept. Thence I demonstrate that from a persecutor he became “an apostle, not of men, neither by man;” thence am I led to believe the Apostle himself; thence do I find reason for rejecting your defence of him, and for bearing fearlessly your taunt.  “Then you deny the Apostle Paul.”  I do not calumniate him whom I defend. I deny him, to compel you to the proof of him. I deny him, to convince you that he is mine. If you have regard to our belief you should admit the particulars which comprise it. If you challenge us to your belief, (pray) tell us what things constitute its basis. Either prove the truth of what you believe, or failing in your proof, (tell us) how you believe. Else what conduct is yours, believing in opposition to Him from whom alone comes the proof of that which you believe? Take now from my point of view the apostle, in the same manner as you have received the Christ—the apostle shown to be as much mine as the Christ is. And here, too, we will fight within the same lines, and challenge our adversary on the mere ground of a simple rule, that even an apostle who is said not to belong to the Creator—nay, is displayed as in actual hostility to the Creator—can be fairly regarded as teaching nothing, knowing nothing, wishing nothing in favour of the Creator whilst it would be a first principle with him to set forth another god with as much eagerness as he would use in withdrawing us from the law of the Creator. It is not at all likely that he would call men away from Judaism without showing them at the same time what was the god in whom he invited them to believe; because nobody could possibly pass from allegiance to the Creator without knowing to whom he had to cross over. For either Christ had already revealed another god—in which case the apostle’s testimony would also follow to the same effect, for fear of his not being else regarded as an apostle of the god whom Christ had revealed, and because of the impropriety of his being concealed by the apostle who had been already revealed by Christ—or Christ had made no such revelation concerning God; then there was all the greater need why the apostle should reveal a God who could now be made known by no one else, and who would undoubtedly be left without any belief at all, if he were revealed not even by an apostle. We have laid down this as our first principle, because we wish at once to profess that we shall pursue the same method here in the apostle’s case as we adopted before in Christ’s case, to prove that he proclaimed no new god; that is, we shall draw our evidence from the epistles of St. Paul himself. Now, the garbled form in which we have found the heretic’s Gospel will have already prepared us to expect to find the epistles also mutilated by him with like perverseness—and that even as respects their number. | WIKI |
package App::DuckPAN::WebStatic; BEGIN { $App::DuckPAN::WebStatic::AUTHORITY = 'cpan:GETTY'; } { $App::DuckPAN::WebStatic::VERSION = '0.067'; } # ABSTRACT: Webserver for duckpan static use Moo; use IO::All -utf8; use HTTP::Request; use Plack::Request; use Plack::Response; use LWP::UserAgent; use URI::Escape; use Path::Class; use JSON; has sites => ( is => 'ro', required => 1 ); has _ports => ( is => 'rw', default => sub {{}} ); has ua => ( is => 'ro', default => sub { LWP::UserAgent->new( agent => "Mozilla/5.0", #User Agent required for some API's (eg. Vimeo, IsItUp) timeout => 5, ssl_opts => { verify_hostname => 0 }, ); }, ); sub BUILD { my ( $self ) = @_; for my $site (keys %{$self->sites}) { my $port = $self->sites->{$site}->{port}; my $url = $self->sites->{$site}->{url}; my $data_file = file($site.'.json')->absolute; die "Missing JSON publisher data file for ".$site unless -f $data_file; my $data = decode_json(io($data_file)->slurp); my %urls; for my $dir (keys %$data) { next if $dir eq 'locales'; for my $filebase (keys %{$data->{$dir}}) { for my $file (keys %{$data->{$dir}->{$filebase}}) { next if $file eq 'static'; my $url = $data->{$dir}->{$filebase}->{$file}->{url}; my $locale = $data->{$dir}->{$filebase}->{$file}->{locale}; $urls{$url} = {} unless defined $urls{$url}; $urls{$url}->{$locale} = file($site,$dir,$file)->absolute->stringify; #use DDP; p($data->{$dir}->{$filebase}->{$file}->{url}); } } } $self->_ports->{$port} = { base_url => $url, urls => \%urls, }; } } sub run_psgi { my ( $self, $env ) = @_; my $request = Plack::Request->new($env); my $response = $self->request($request); return $response->finalize; } sub request { my ( $self, $request ) = @_; my $response = Plack::Response->new(200); my $body; my $locale = defined $ENV{DDG_LOCALE} ? $ENV{DDG_LOCALE} : 'en_US'; my $site = $self->_ports->{$request->port}; if ($site->{urls}->{$request->request_uri}) { $body = io($site->{urls}->{$request->request_uri}->{$locale})->slurp; $response->code("200"); $response->content_type('text/html'); } else { my $res = $self->ua->request(HTTP::Request->new(GET => $site->{base_url}.$request->request_uri)); if ($res->is_success) { $body = $res->decoded_content; $response->code($res->code); $response->content_type($res->content_type); } else { warn $res->status_line, "\n"; $body = ""; } } Encode::_utf8_off($body); $response->body($body); return $response; } 1; | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
France in the 19th century was a country that was in trouble. In the beginning of the century its people were picking up the pieces from overthrowing a powerful and well established monarch. The people had to weather a failed first republic and the Napoleonic Wars. French people then had to deal with a restoration of the monarchy and a return of the power to the Bourgeoisie. Living as a common person in France was no easy task. While slavery no longer existed legally, its basic principles were still practiced over the peasants by the powerful Bourgeoisie.
In the novel The Life of a Simple Man the protagonist is a peasant man named Tiennon. The story is a fictional account of life of a peasant in 19th century France. Tiennon lives through most of these historical events but most of them had no real effect on his day to day life. The one event that truly affected all peasants was the second empire of Napoleon III and his war against Prussia in 1870. France’s declaration of war meant that all military aged men would be conscripted and forced to serve. Before the war families were able to buy their son’s service out of the military for 500 francs.
Tiennon had paid this amount, but with Napoleon’s declaration of war no amount could save his son Jean. “1870 came, and the great war, again one of those years on never forgets (Guillemin 154)”. “Monsieur Lavallee came to tell us that the government of Badinguet had declared war against Prussia. He took me aside to tell me that Jean would be called up before long (Guillemin 154)”. These quotes show not only what life would have been like for Tiennon and his family but also for all the peasant families.
Tiennon had lost 500 francs which is an incredible amount of money for a peasant and he got nothing in return. This could be devastating to a peasant family not only because they are losing their loved one, but now they have one less person to help with work. French peasants were a very close knit family, with most families sharing one house with one or two rooms in it. “Our house had two rooms of equal size connected by an inside door: these were the kitchen and bedroom (Guillemin 119)”. These houses were shared by multiple families who all worked on the farm of their master.
Everyone was required to do something on the farm for life to continue and without even one person all the rest were burdened with having to pick up the slack. This war caused not only Tiennon’s family to suffer but all other peasant families with children. Napoleon III was defeated by Prussia and his government was overthrown by the third republic in Paris. This sent repercussions all throughout the French countryside as more men were needed to defend the French homeland from invading Prussian armies. The Prussians however were advancing on Paris.
And there was talk of calling up the young men aged between eighteen and twenty. That touched me closely, because Charles and the hired man were both likely to be involved. Things developed quickly and they left in the first few days of October. That event caused a lamentable repetition of the scene which had taken place when the eldest had gone; a profound desolation followed. (Guillemin 157) While the threat of the Prussians was great, the even bigger impact of losing his second son was that he was alone in the fields now. Tiennon was forced to hire laborers that he could barely afford and this was true of most peasants. The Metayers on the other farms were nearly all in the same position. Everywhere you could see women in the fields, exhausting themselves doing men’s work (Guillemin 157)”. Life wasn’t easy for the peasants before, but with a war raging and some of their strongest workers off fighting, work was almost impossible.
The threat of a Prussian Invasion was all over France. People in the countryside were becoming paranoid and this affected everyone, not just the urban populations in the cities. With news reports coming in from all over, no one knew what to believe and what not to believe. Inaccurate news which helped to increase the anxiety we all felt. Wild ideas came into people’s minds; some hid all their treasures in deep ditches and hollow oak trees, and one old miser buried his money under a heap of manure in a field (Guillemin 157)”. The amount of terror can only be imagined because most of the time French foreign policy very rarely affected the rural populations. Peasants were not usually concerned with the day to day functions of the Paris government, but this war threatened France’s borders and now the people and their families were threatened.
Paris eventually fell to the Prussians and a third Republic was restored. The rural peasants were able to continue on with their lives and eventually Tiennon’s sons returned and life was again able to return to normal. Some may say that the biggest thing that affected the French was the passage of universal suffrage for men. This may be true for the French in the Bourgeoisie, but not for the common Frenchman. Most French peasants were illiterate and could not fully understand who was running for office. After Napoleon III took over Universal suffrage meant almost nothing.
His government was a despotism founded on universal suffrage. The lower chamber was appointed by the people, but it could originate nothing; it could only discuss the measures submitted to it by the emperor, and the amendments which it suggested could be adopted or rejected by the council of state, a body nominated by the emperor. The senators were mainly chosen by the emperor, and although their services were gratuitous, his majesty was empowered to grant liberal salaries to those whose conduct merited such recognition. Mackenzie 290) Robert Mackenzie shows that while universal suffrage was true in theory, it was a farce in reality. Tiennon has no idea who he should vote for and since he is illiterate he must resort to listening to whoever can read. Unfortunately most of the people who can read do not have Tiennon’s interests in mind. “My master says that if a Republican was made President, wheat would sell for only twenty sous the measure (Guillemin 106). ” Tiennon ended up voting for Napoleon instead of the Republican.
Peasants were even forced to vote for whomever their master wanted them to vote for. Tiennon’s master tells him that his game keeper, who is an intimidating person, will give all the workers their ballots. This is blatant voter intimidation but it works in suppressing the peasant vote. In conclusion the Regime of Napoleon III and his Franco Prussian war affected Tiennon the most in this book. At the beginning of the war Tiennon has to deal with his eldest son Jean being called into the military and his loss of his 500 francs.
Tiennon and his family had to fill Jean’s void in the fields which required everyone to do more work. When the war started going badly for France Tiennon’s other son Charles was called into the military and now Tiennon had no one to help him and was forced to hire help and have his wife and daughter tend the fields. Finally the amount of hysteria and panic from the advancing Prussian armies would have interrupted normal life and mad living for the peasants even more difficult than it already was.
There are many other historical events that happened in France during the timeframe of this book such as universal suffrage, or the railroad, or even agricultural advances. These events may have affected France as a whole, but in answer to the question of what affected Tiennon the most it would have to be Napoleon III and his war. Ending with this quote by Roman Historian Plutarch seems to sum everything up in this story, “An imbalance between rich and poor is the oldest and most fatal ailment of all republics. ” | FINEWEB-EDU |
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How do i reinstall mikrotik license in new X86 VM
Posted: Thu May 23, 2019 9:26 pm
by hesam1992
Hi
I have a Licensed x86 Mikrotik server in a data center, I need to move this machine to a new data center, and data center does not allow VM Migration and backup restore ,and reinstalling os give us diffrent Software-ID and our license wont work , what should be done in such cases? Please advise ....
Re: How do i reinstall mikrotik license in new X86 VM
Posted: Fri May 24, 2019 12:26 am
by Sob
a) Buy new license (go for CHR, it's moveable, so the same problem won't repeat in future). It will cost some money, but it's the simplest, fastest and reliable way.
b) Convince data center to accept your original virtual disk. But it still doesn't guarantee success, because x86 RouterOS has Software-ID as copy protection, and it depends not only on disk content, but also on how the disk is identified, and different hosting environment can change that.
c) Ask MikroTik support, if they can do anything for you. Manual mentions replacement license, but I have not idea if it applies also to VMs.
Re: How do i reinstall mikrotik license in new X86 VM
Posted: Fri May 24, 2019 2:55 am
by r00t
Often for VMs, disk serial numbers aren't really unique, so if you are lucky, newly created one will be same as the old one. You can try imaging complete old disk (some part of license is stored somewhere on disk as well, it must match the disk) and then restoring it into exactly same new one (boot linux and use dd to do the job). It may work, as long as it's exactly the same VM host software and exactly the same disk size etc..
Or just go to for the CHR, unless you need wlan or to run it without VM (drivers are only in regular ROS), CHR is much better choice for VM hosted servers and license is movable.
Re: How do i reinstall mikrotik license in new X86 VM
Posted: Wed Jun 05, 2019 2:33 pm
by Steveocee
Older x86 licenses were done per installation per HDD. You'll be on an uphill struggle to get Mikrotik support to re-issue it for you as from what I've read they tend to only re-issue for damaged HDD's.
It will involve paying for a license but pay for a CHR license and never have this problem again. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Prony's method
Prony analysis (Prony's method) was developed by Gaspard Riche de Prony in 1795. However, practical use of the method awaited the digital computer. Similar to the Fourier transform, Prony's method extracts valuable information from a uniformly sampled signal and builds a series of damped complex exponentials or damped sinusoids. This allows the estimation of frequency, amplitude, phase and damping components of a signal.
The method
Let $$f(t)$$ be a signal consisting of $$N$$ evenly spaced samples. Prony's method fits a function
* $$\hat{f}(t) = \sum_{i=1}^{N} A_i e^{\sigma_i t} \cos(\omega_i t + \phi_i)$$
to the observed $$f(t)$$. After some manipulation utilizing Euler's formula, the following result is obtained, which allows more direct computation of terms:
\begin{align} \hat{f}(t) &= \sum_{i=1}^{N} A_i e^{\sigma_i t} \cos(\omega_i t + \phi_i) \\ &= \sum_{i=1}^{N} \tfrac{1}{2} A_i \left( e^{j\phi_i}e^{\lambda^+_i t} + e^{-j\phi_i}e^{\lambda^-_i t}\right), \end{align} $$
where
* $$\lambda^{\pm}_i = \sigma_i \pm j \omega_i$$ are the eigenvalues of the system,
* $$\sigma_i = -\omega_{0,i} \xi_i$$ are the damping components,
* $$\omega_i = \omega_{0,i} \sqrt{1-\xi_i^2}$$ are the angular-frequency components,
* $$\phi_i$$ are the phase components,
* $$A_i$$ are the amplitude components of the series,
* $$j$$ is the imaginary unit ($$j^2 = -1$$).
Representations
Prony's method is essentially a decomposition of a signal with $$M$$ complex exponentials via the following process:
Regularly sample $$\hat{f}(t)$$ so that the $$n$$-th of $$N$$ samples may be written as
* $$F_n = \hat{f}(\Delta_t n) = \sum_{m=1}^{M} \Beta_m e^{\lambda_m \Delta_t n}, \quad n=0,\dots,N-1.$$
If $$\hat{f}(t)$$ happens to consist of damped sinusoids, then there will be pairs of complex exponentials such that
* $$\begin{align}
\Beta_a &= \tfrac{1}{2} A_i e^{ \phi_i j}, \\ \Beta_b &= \tfrac{1}{2} A_i e^{-\phi_i j}, \\ \lambda_a &= \sigma_i + j \omega_i, \\ \lambda_b &= \sigma_i - j \omega_i, \end{align}$$ where
* $$\begin{align}
\Beta_a e^{\lambda_a t} + \Beta_b e^{\lambda_b t} &= \tfrac{1}{2} A_i e^{\phi_i j} e^{(\sigma_i + j \omega_i) t} + \tfrac{1}{2}A_i e^{-\phi_i j} e^{(\sigma_i - j \omega_i) t} \\ &= A_i e^{\sigma_i t} \cos(\omega_i t + \phi_i). \end{align}$$
Because the summation of complex exponentials is the homogeneous solution to a linear difference equation, the following difference equation will exist:
* $$\hat{f}(\Delta_t n) = \sum_{m=1}^{M} \hat{f}[\Delta_t (n - m)] P_m, \quad n=M,\dots,N-1.$$
The key to Prony's Method is that the coefficients in the difference equation are related to the following polynomial:
* $$ z^M - P_1 z^{M-1} - \dots - P_M = \prod_{m=1}^{M} \left(z - e^{\lambda_m}\right).$$
These facts lead to the following three steps within Prony's method:
1) Construct and solve the matrix equation for the $$P_m$$ values:
\begin{bmatrix} F_{M} \\ \vdots \\ F_{N-1} \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} F_{M-1} & \dots & F_{0} \\ \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ F_{N-2} & \dots & F_{N-M-1} \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} P_1 \\ \vdots \\ P_M \end{bmatrix}. $$
Note that if $$N \ne 2M$$, a generalized matrix inverse may be needed to find the values $$P_m$$.
2) After finding the $$P_m$$ values, find the roots (numerically if necessary) of the polynomial
* $$ z^M - P_1 z^{M-1} - \dots - P_M.$$
The $$m$$-th root of this polynomial will be equal to $$e^{\lambda_m}$$.
3) With the $$e^{\lambda_m}$$ values, the $$F_n$$ values are part of a system of linear equations that may be used to solve for the $$\Beta_m$$ values:
\begin{bmatrix} F_{k_1} \\ \vdots \\ F_{k_M} \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} (e^{\lambda_1})^{k_1} & \dots & (e^{\lambda_M})^{k_1} \\ \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ (e^{\lambda_1})^{k_M} & \dots & (e^{\lambda_M})^{k_M} \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} \Beta_1 \\ \vdots \\ \Beta_M \end{bmatrix}, $$ where $$M$$ unique values $$k_i$$ are used. It is possible to use a generalized matrix inverse if more than $$M$$ samples are used.
Note that solving for $$\lambda_m$$ will yield ambiguities, since only $$e^{\lambda_m}$$ was solved for, and $$e^{\lambda_m} = e^{\lambda_m \,+\, q 2 \pi j}$$ for an integer $$q$$. This leads to the same Nyquist sampling criteria that discrete Fourier transforms are subject to
* $$ \left|\operatorname{Im}(\lambda_m)\right| = \left|\omega_m\right| < \frac{\pi}{ \Delta_t}.$$ | WIKI |
Merge two images
• -1
S
Imagine an image would be just represented by black or white.
A fully white image:
+---+
| |
| w |
| |
+---+
A fully black image:
+---+
| |
| b |
| |
+---+
An image with 3 quadrants with colors and the last quadrant on the right its 4 sub images.
+---+---+
| | |
| w | b |
| | |
+-------+
| |w|w|
| w +---+
| |b|b|
+-------+
Imagine that you can actually have many sub images inside a single quadrant.
• Define a data structure for this image.
• Implement a merge colors operation between two images. Rule is as follows:
-- If one of the images is white, the result is white, otherwise the result is black.
-- When you merge, if all quadrant colors are white, you should create an image with a single white quadrant
• 0
@seulunga Very interesting question. I have to warm up Quadtrees , I believe that they want Quadtrees
• 0
S
You don't need to review anything fancy like quad trees. Can you think in a simple data structure that would represent the above image?
Hint: Think about 2 types of objects: One leaf and one intermediate object.
• 0
I would do something like:
{(0, 0): "W", (0, 1): "B", (1,0): "W", (1,1): {(0,0): "W", (0,1): "B", ...}}
and so on till the end of time...
• 0
S
@agave yep exactly. how would the code for merging the images work?
• 0
@seulunga what happens when all quadrant colors are black? Shall we create one single black quadrant as the case with white
• 0
@seulunga I don't get the merging rule, too vague. Give an example of the application of the two rules.
• 0
I am don't get if I merge quadrant with black and white with quadrant with black what will be the result? Black or? I start from the assumption that we merge both pictures quadrantt by quadrant. Am I wrong?
• 0
S
So you can only merge when the images have the same sizes:
W + W = W
W + B = W
B + B = B
B + W = W
In short, if either operand is white, the result is white.
If you compare this to boolean algebra:
• Black = false
• White = true
• Combination operation = OR
Hopefully is clear now.
• 0
@seulunga what about if the images have different # of quadrants?
• 0
S
@agave What do you think should be the proper behavior? Try thinking how would you do for a simple case like:
+---+---+
| | |
| w | b |
| | |
+-------+
| | |
| w + w +
| | |
+-------+
+---+---+
| |
| |
| |
+ b +
| |
| |
| |
+-------+
And extending for when you have many quadrants.
• 0
@seulunga It should be the same
------------
|w | b |
----------
| w | w |
-----------
But in case we merge
---------------
|w|b|
------
|w+w|
-------
with
*-------*
| |
| w |
| |
*------*
we will have only one quadrant W
---------*
| *|
| w |
| |
|____ _ |
• 0
@seulunga I don't know, YOU have to tell me the proper behavior. There is no guessing.
• 0
@agave I belive that @seulunga told us more than necessarily ( my personal opinion only) for which I want to thank @seulunga .
Actually till now I coudn't find the smpler solution because I concetrated on Q-trees, but I am on the way to solve it with Q-trees (not so sofisitcated, just hierarchical structure to represent the quadrants)
• 0
@seulunga what about the following case?
+---+---+
| | |
| w | b |
| | |
+-------+
| | |
| w + w +
| | |
+-------+
+---+---+
| |
| W |
| |
+ _ +
| |
| B |
| |
+-------+
And extending for when you have many quadrants.
• 0
@agave, first I must to appologize that the question was not pointed to me, but I think that the answer is
| W |
| w + w |
But we will check this when @seulunga answers
| W |
| w + w |
makes one W quadrant |W|
• 0
@elmirap See? It's not that crystal-clear after all. :grinning:
• 0
@elmirap where are you from? You use weird grammar.
• 0
@agave what is not clear ? I don't see really.
• 0
@elmirap said in Merge two images:
@agave, first I must to appologize that the question is not pointed to me,
I understand but it's like very weird use of English
Log in to reply
Looks like your connection to LeetCode Discuss was lost, please wait while we try to reconnect. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
lithic
Adjective
* 1) Relating to stone
* lithic architecture
* 1) Relating to rock
* 2) Relating to lithium
* 3) Relating to the formation of uric acid concretions (stones) in the bladder and other parts of the body
* lithic diathesis
* 1) pertaining to Native American culture before circa 8,500
Translations
* Czech:
* French:
* Italian:
* Spanish:
* Catalan: lític
* Italian: litioso
* Polish:
* Ukrainian: лі́тієвий
Noun
* 1) A stone tool or projectile
* 2) A medicine that prevents stone in the bladder.
* 3) A lithic fragment: a piece of another rock eroded down to sand size. | WIKI |
Netanyahu asks US to veto UN resolution halting Israeli settlements | TheHill
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu is calling on the U.S. to veto a United Nations Security Council resolution that would halt Israeli settlement activities. The US should veto the anti-Israel resolution at the UN Security Council on Thursday. The Security Council will vote on the resolution, drafted by Egypt, on Thursday. According to the Times of Israel, the resolution demands that “Israel immediately and completely cease all settlement activities in the occupied Palestinian territory, including East Jerusalem," because they are a "flagrant violation" of international law. It stresses that “the cessation of all Israeli settlement activities is essential for salvaging the two-state solution," calling the activities “dangerously imperiling” and saying they threaten the viability of any future Palestinian state in the West Bank. It also calls for "affirmative steps to be taken immediately to reverse the negative trends on the ground.” The U.S. vetoed a similar resolution in 2011. View the discussion thread. The Hill 1625 K Street, NW Suite 900 Washington DC 20006 | 202-628-8500 tel | 202-628-8503 fax The contents of this site are ©2019 Capitol Hill Publishing Corp., a subsidiary of News Communications, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Talk:Flag of Great Britain
Ratio
What is the ratio of this flag? 1:2 or 3:5? Currently this article states the first, however the flag currently displayed is the latter. --Rob (talk) 16:17, 25 September 2013 (UTC)
* Proportion
The article says "Its correct proportions are 1:2." The first flag shown is actually 5:3 and the others shown aren't 1:2 either. Bubba73 You talkin' to me? 17:48, 24 June 2015 (UTC)
* A 1:2 aspect ratio wasn't standardized at sea until the 19th century (for the UK flag, not GB), and arguably still hasn't been fully standardized for land flags today. See the comments at File:Flag of the United Empire Loyalists.svg... AnonMoos (talk) 02:39, 29 April 2019 (UTC)
"Flag of the Great Britain"
Dear fellow editors, I am leaving this note out of courtesy to other editors interested in the present article. In the infobox, the caption under each of the three flags was written as "Variant flag of the Great Britain". After checking the template, I realized that it was caused by the value "the" coded in the 'Article =' clause, and removed it. It might have been a holdover from another infobox designed for 'flag of the United Kingdom', where "the" would obviously have been required. With kind regards; Patrick. ツ Pdebee.(talk)(guestbook) 14:09, 30 June 2016 (UTC) | WIKI |
Did you know that if you have high blood pressure and you eat garlic or perhaps take garlic pills your blood pressure could be reduced? Doctors at Hartford Hospital, in Hartford, CT, reviewed several studies with garlic done in the last few years and concluded that the use of this herb, on average, can help systolic blood pressure drop by 16 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure by 9 mmHg. The use of garlic apparently did not reduce blood pressure in those with normal blood pressure. A review by another team of researchers at The University of Adelaide in South Australia found garlic reduced systolic blood pressure by 8 mm Hg, on average, and diastolic blood pressure by 7 mm Hg. The amount of garlic used in the studies was about a gram, providing about 5 mg of allicin, one of the active ingredients in this herb.
My comments: If you have hypertension you may consider eating more garlic or taking a garlic supplement. Sulfides present in garlic are converted by red blood cells into hydrogen sulfide which helps to dilate blood vessels. Each garlic clove weighs about 3 to 5 grams. See http://www.raysahelian.com/garlic.html
Disclaimer: People should be taking the least amount of prescription drugs that provide adequate treatment, and to regularly monitor and review what is being taken and how much. This applies to most supplements, too. Please do not make any changes in your treatment without first discussing it with your health care provider. Statements made, or products sold through this website, have not been evaluated by the United States Food and Drug Administration. They are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
Some articles contain affiliate links. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Koh-e Asamai
The Koh-e Asamai ( Kōh-e Āsamā'ī) is a mountain located directly to the west of downtown Kabul, Afghanistan at an elevation of 2126 m. It is known colloquially as the Television Hill due to the large TV mast and antennas at its summit. Asamayi is named after its namesake Hindu temple at the foothill, which is an important site of Afghan Hindus and one of the oldest temples in Kabul.
History
The mountain is the site of an ancient fort. In December 1879 during the Second Afghan War the Asamai mountains were the site of a prolonged siege and battle where the British forces made up of the 9th Lancers and 5th Punjab Cavalry stormed Afghan tribesmen who had laid up in the fort. The Afghan forces fled and several British soldiers were awarded the Victoria Cross.
Geography
The hill forms the boundary of Districts 2 and 3 and is opposite the Sher Darwaza mountain. There are three peaks with heights of 2126 m, 1975 m and 2110 m from north-west to south-east. It is only a mile away from the city center of Kabul (Deh Afghanan), dividing the center from the suburbs to the west including the Kabul University. Shahr-e Naw is to the north-east, Karte Parwan to the north-west, the old city to the south-east and Deh Mazang to the south.
AsaMai Hindu Temple
The temple is named after Asha Mai ( माई, माता, माँ ) the Goddess of Hope is another name of Durga Maa, consort Lord Shiva, It is believed by Afghan Hindus that the Goddess of Hope AsaMai has been residing at the hilltop of Asamai. There is also, Asamayee Watt, adjoined to the lower part of the temple, which has been there for thousands of years, adjoining to Joi-Shir.
Ehsan Bayat funded the renovation of the temple in 2006.
Other mandirs worldwide from the Afghan Hindu diaspora are named after Asamai, denoting its importance to the community.
Transmission site
It has been the location of the city's terrestrial TV masts since 1978. As of 2012, broadcasts from here are from 2 kW VHF transmitters. | WIKI |
User:PintorEspanhol
Antonio was born in Malaga on 12th August 1979, the eldest of 3 children, both of his parents are teachers.
From the very beginning, his interest in art was evident. Any piece of paper that ended up in his hands was transformed into a colourful, expressive drawing. As a schoolboy he put all his emotions into his paintings and quickly exceeded expectations in art classes.
At seven years old, his family relocated to a village on the east coast of Malaga, and when he was ten his parents enrolled him in a private art school in Malaga where he studied until the age of twenty one. These eleven years of professional training developed his skills and prepared him for a future artistic career. During this period he regularly had commissions, painting landscapes, marine, nature, and still lifes – all with passion and great success.
During this period he studied and developed his own personal artistic style, characterised by a concise, colourful and positively expressed figurative art. At around the same time, positivity started to become the focal point of his work.
So far he has successfully exhibited his work in many different centres, including the Lyceo Frances in Malaga, the Nautical Club El Candado and the Cultural Centre for Contemporary Art.
At seventeen, after graduating from High School, he made a surprising choice, deciding to study Technical Industrial Engineering at Malaga University. His parents supported this decision, although they felt his future lay in art, which would prove to be correct as time passed.
After obtaining his degree he moved to Torremolinos, on the Costa del Sol and worked for eight years as an Industrial Engineer in several areas such as quality certification, metallic structures and environments, always trying to fit in his main interest, painting.
After this success at work he felt the need to branch out, so he joined forces with his former partner and current business partner to open Parthenon, which quickly became one of the most emblematic nightclubs in Southern Spain, an icon of nightlife situated in the heart of Torremolinos.
Despite these successes there still was something missing and deep inside he knew he had to enjoy what he loves best - he needed to dedicate all his time to his great passions: painting, his family and love life. Because of this, he has now given up engineering and is coming to live in London. He will run his business from there, as well as pursuing his artistic endeavours.
He feels that London is the place to be right now. London’s rain and grey skies combined with its diversity are a great inspiration to him - a canvas in which he can fill with colour and positivity that comes from within. | WIKI |
Page:Sorrow-dispenser, or, Humpy Funnydoss' bundle of mirth (1).pdf/18
18 THE SORROW-DISPERSER.
During an examination of a black servant in the Catechism, he was asked by the clergyman what he was made of. 'Of mud, massa,' was the reply: On being told that he should say—-of dust,' he answered, "No, massa, it no do--it no tick together.' 'What a horrible scrape I am in now,' as the fish said to the woman who was rubbing down his back with a knife. 'Master Buggains, come up and tell me who was Cleopatra!' Cleopatra was the sister to one of the Pyramids of Hegypt, and come to her unhappy eend by swallerin' of a wasp.' Good boy, good boy, you'll be a Gibbon one of these days.' 'Friend of my sole,' as the old boot said to the cobbler. The following naive lover's promise was offered as an irresistible temptation to a filially-given inamorata:-- I like you," sighed the girl to her suitor, 'but I can't leave home. I'm a widow's only darling; no husband can ever equal my parent in kindness. 'She is kind,' pleaded the wooer; 'but be my wife; we will live all together, and see if I don't beat your mother!. An apothecary, being with a large company of his neighbours, boasted that a patient, who had been many months confined to his bed, under the care of another apothecary, was out in twenty-four hours after he had begun to attend him. 'Yes,' replied a person present, 'I know that to be a fact; I met him yesterday going to be buried.' 'Pat,' said a gent. to his servant, what's all that noise in the street!' 'Oh, nothing, sir; they're only forcing a man to turn volunteer.' | WIKI |
Bug report #3965
Wrong use of left/right offset in labels
Added by aperi2007 - over 8 years ago. Updated over 8 years ago.
Status:Closed
Priority:Normal
Assignee:-
Category:Symbology
Affected QGIS version: Regression?:No
Operating System: Easy fix?:No
Pull Request or Patch supplied: Resolution:invalid
Crashes QGIS or corrupts data: Copied to github as #:13966
Description
In qgis trunk version,
In new simbology the Label can be moved left/right by an offset.
But this offset is not referred to the versus of geometry.
| |
| |
(right) V (left) --> instead --> (left) ^ (right)
| |
| |
History
#1 Updated by Martin Dobias over 8 years ago
• Resolution set to invalid
• Status changed from Open to Closed
In the labeling dialog just above the offset you can set the orientation: by default the map orientation is used, you can change it to line orientation in order to get the behavior you are looking for.
If your problem is related to something else please reopen and provide a more detailed description.
Also available in: Atom PDF | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Western Union introduces a cross-border platform with UK Post Office
The legacy remittance giant launched the platform through the Post Office's digital channel, allowing UK consumers to make international payments through an online portal with branding from both the Post Office and Western Union, per apress release. The platform is modeled off Western Union's own sites, and enables consumers to transfer funds to bank accounts, mobile wallets, and retail agent locations in over 200 countries and territories.
Here's what it means: Western Union can now more easily reach UK consumers — and boost volume — thanks to the Post Office's accessibility.The Post Office offers over 170 financial services and products that 99% of customers can access through their usual high-street bank account. As the firm pursues other UK-based plays — it recentlylaunched high-value digital transfers in the region — it might boost volume in a market that saw over $9.7 billion worth of remittances sent out in 2017 (the most recent data available).The bigger picture: Adding new access points for digital remittances is key as the industry shifts online.Working with the UK Post Office furthers Western Union's strategy of tapping into established networks to grow its own digital reach. The firm's tie up with the Post Office builds on other recent partnerships with companies in the Philippines and South Korea to bolster its digital presence. And these efforts continue to pay off: The digital segment of its consumer-to-consumer (C2C) segment's revenue grew 19% year-over-year (YoY) in Q1 2019, while overall C2C growth was flat.Digital's share of remittances has risen in recent years, so legacy players would be wise to secure new digital volume opportunities. Business Insider Intelligence estimates that digital remittances made up 35% of the $689 billion global remittances market last year, with their share poised to rise to 54% in 2024, making digital a key segment for all firms in the space.But the market is getting crowded as digital upstarts expand their reach into new regions: PayPal-owned Xoom added 32 countries in Europe, including the UK, last week. Securing new online partnerships with a wide reach can bolster digital presence in key markets, in turn helping legacies like Western Union maintain their massive lead.Interested in getting the full story? Here are two ways to get access: Subscribe to a Premium pass to Business Insider Intelligence and gain immediate access to the Payments & Commerce Briefing, plus more than 250 other expertly researched reports. As an added bonus, you'll also gain access to all future reports and daily newsletters to ensure you stay ahead of the curve and benefit personally and professionally. >> Learn More NowCurrent subscribers can read the full briefing here. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Wikipedia:Sockpuppet investigations/JEBahrain/Archive
Suspected sockpuppets
Both accounts are evading a current block, of IP <IP_ADDRESS> (see the IP's block log). That IP and the two accounts have been editing disruptively, in a similar pattern, at two season articles for the Netflix series Cobra Kai, violating MOS:TVCAST guideline in reordering cast in both articles.
Evidence:
Cobra Kai (season 4) - IP - ; Registered accounts -
Cobra Kai (season 5) - IP - ; Registered accounts -
MPFitz1968 (talk) 16:21, 4 February 2023 (UTC)
Comments by other users
Clerk, CheckUser, and/or patrolling admin comments
* Checkuser declined. It is obviously the same person. I have warned the user about the use of multiple accounts. If they continue using multiple accounts, feel free to report again. If they do not, but are disruptive, you can report it elsewhere. Closing. MarioGom (talk) 22:32, 6 February 2023 (UTC)
Suspected sockpuppets
WP:DUCK, by simply transposing letters in, who is listed in the archive and indefinitely blocked. Editing the season 4 and 5 articles of Cobra Kai in same fashion as aforementioned blocked user. MPFitz1968 (talk) 11:29, 21 March 2023 (UTC)
* Evidence: (from Cobra Kai (season 4)); (from Cobra Kai (season 5)). MPFitz1968 (talk) 15:39, 21 March 2023 (UTC)
Comments by other users
Clerk, CheckUser, and/or patrolling admin comments
* Blocked, tagged, closing. Bbb23 (talk) 21:26, 21 March 2023 (UTC) | WIKI |
Page:The philosophy and theology of Averroes.djvu/257
has repeatedly told the people this quality of His prophet. "It is He who hath raised up among the illiterate Arabians an apostle from among themselves," and, "Those who shall follow the Apostle the illiterate Prophet." This matter can also be known by another method—that of comparison of this Law with the others. For, if the business of the prophets be the giving of laws by divine revelation, as has been acknowledged by all who believe in the existence of the prophets, then if you look into the teachings of useful knowledge and actions leading to happiness, which are contained in the Quran, and compare them with other divine books and religious systems, you will find it excelling all the others in an unlimited degree. On the whole, if there are books worthy to be called the words of God, on account of their wondrous nature, and separation from the genius of human words and their peculiarity by what they contain in regard to knowledge and deeds, then it | WIKI |
Ckym Ckym - 1 year ago 272
JSON Question
Find and replace json in a file using jq
I am new at using jq and could use help with the following...
In essence, I am trying to "find and replace" a block of json in a file using a bash script.
I have a file called docs.json to where I retrieved a set of doc entries:
{
"number_of_docs": "1000",
"docs": [{
{
"_id": "000001",
"_rev": "0",
"_content": "abcdefg"
},
{
"_id": "000002",
"_rev": "0",
"_content": "hijklmn",
"_attachments": {
"image1.png": {
"content_type": "image/png"
...
}
}
},
{
"_id": "000003",
"_rev": "0",
"_content": "opqrstuv"
}]
}
And I'm trying to replace all the doc entries (the entire block, not just the value of the keys) that have "_attachments" with a new block of json that is stored in a variable named "doc":
{
"_id": "000002_masked",
"_rev": "0",
"_content": "[Document content has been masked for confidentiality.]",
"_attachments": {
"confidential.png": {
"content_type": "image/png"
...
}
}
}
Is what I'm trying to do possible with jq and running from within a bash script?
Thank you for the help and tips, in advance.
Answer Source
The key is to select the documents that have the _attachments key, then replace them with the |= operator.
jq --argjson new "$doc" '(.docs[]| select(has("_attachments"))) |= $new' tmp.json
--argjson is used to pass the value of $doc into the filter as a raw JSON value.
Recommended from our users: Dynamic Network Monitoring from WhatsUp Gold from IPSwitch. Free Download | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
The evaluation of time-resolved Raman spectroscopy for the suppression of background fluorescence from space-relevant samples
Franziska Hanke*, Bram J.A. Mooij, Freek Ariese, Ute Böttger
*Corresponding author for this work
Research output: Contribution to JournalArticleAcademicpeer-review
Abstract
One of the primary goals in space research is the search for signs of extant or extinct extraterrestrial life, and Raman spectroscopy can play a role in this field. Raman spectrometers are planned for future missions to Mars and possibly the Moon to identify the mineralogical surface composition and potentially existing organic compounds (especially on Mars). However, a major challenge in Raman spectroscopy, especially in the visible range, is the strong fluorescence background. Time‐resolved Raman spectroscopy (TRRS) can provide selective detection of Raman signals over the generally longer living fluorescence. This study investigates the potential of a TRRS system, using 3‐ps, 440‐nm laser pulses and time‐gated detection with an intensified charge‐coupled device (CCD) camera. Test samples were the lichen Xanthoria elegans as an extraterrestrial life analogue, and a lunar regolith analogue material (LRS) as a planetary surface analogue. The TRRS technique is evaluated by comparing gated to nongated Raman spectroscopy using different detectors but with otherwise the same instrument and identical measurement conditions. The gated spectra of X. elegans showed significant signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) improvements compared to the nongated spectra. The visible Raman lines could be assigned to the photoprotective pigment parietin. For the LRS sample, measurement spots with a good SNR in the nongated spectrum were not significantly improved by measuring in gated mode. However, spots dominated by fluorescence showed significant improvement in gated mode because of fluorescence suppression. Minerals such as plagioclase, diopside, olivine, apatite, and a carbonate mineral were detected. In most cases, TRRS provided better results compared to nongated measurements, demonstrating the suitability for future space‐exploration missions.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)969-982
Number of pages14
JournalJournal of Raman Spectroscopy
Volume50
Issue number7
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 Jul 2019
Keywords
• fluorescence rejection
• lunar regolith analogue material
• space exploration
• time-resolved Raman spectroscopy
• Xanthoria elegans
Fingerprint
Dive into the research topics of 'The evaluation of time-resolved Raman spectroscopy for the suppression of background fluorescence from space-relevant samples'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
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Availability Disclaimer
This article can be found on other sources:
Flakiness effect
Tests are an essential part of software development as they give a ground truth about the code sanity. As developers, we reasonably expect our unit tests to give the same results if the source code does not change. It can happen, however, that the result of a unit test changes over multiple executions of a test suite without any change in the code. Such a test is named a flaky test.
A flaky test is not dangerous per se but reduces the confidence a developer can give to his test suite, diminishing the benefits of the latter. It is thus recommended to eradicate such issue as soon as possible.
However, depending on the origin of the flakiness, one may find out only a few days, months or even years later that the tests are flaky. It may be hard to dive back into those and find the root causes, so usually, we tend to put those tests aside to make them less annoying or we rerun them until success.
Fingers crossed
As a real-world example of flaky tests and the logic behind their resolution. I will talk about two interesting cases I had the opportunity to fix during my career.
Storytime!
During my career, I stumbled onto a couple of flaky tests issues. There are two instances that, in my opinion, are quite symptomatic of test flakiness, with quite different contexts.
The examples are voluntary adapted to a simpler context than the original ones to keep a short and focused article.
Story 1: 5 days a month isn’t a big deal
I entered a project where continuous integration was broken during the 5 first days of each month. I was told that this wasn’t a big deal since we don’t need to deploy this project at the beginning of a month. The priority of fixing those tests was so low that it has remained like this for years before we took the time to tackle this issue.
def add_data(input_datetime, data):
# Store the data along with the input date
# [...]
def retrieve_data(lower_date):
# Retrieve all data from lower date to now
# [...]
def compute_stats():
# Compute some statistics about stored data
month = arrow.get().floor('month')
data = retrieve_data(month)
return len(data)
def test_compute_stats():
# Test method checking the behaviour of compute_stats
now = arrow.get()
add_data(now.shift(days=-5))
add_data(now.shift(days=-1))
stat = compute_stats()
assert stat == 2, "We retrieve the two data input"
The faulty feature was computing statistics about the current month. As the developer creating the initial tests wanted to take all cases into consideration, he created a test that gave as input multiple dates relative to the current datetime.
Among those inputs, one was 5 days before the current date, and the test was always computing the statistics as if it was part of the same month. As a result, it led to the tests being faulty at the beginning of each month. We can then imagine that the flakiness was detected under one to three weeks after the feature development and from then on, ignored.
This test is time-dependent because compute_stats will call for the date of analysis itself. As a result, the computation will always be dependent on the current date. One way of fixing such issues would be to sandbox the execution of the tests in order to control the current date.
At first, we wanted to rely on dependency injection and make compute_stats ask for a month to compute the statistics. This would create an easy way of sandboxing the execution and also potentially open the door to new features. However, in this project, this wasn’t trivial to implement because there was a lot of code dependent on this feature.
Another way of doing so would be to inject the value directly to the method. Python has a very good library to sandbox the tests when using the built-in datetime objects: freezegun. Once again, and unfortunately for us, the project was using arrow so this was not a possibility.
Fortunately, and thanks to some previously well-thought environment on the project, we had a central method to provide the current date, which was initially intended to prevent the use of a wrong timezone.
By mixing this method to the awesome patch decorator of python mock library (which is part of the standard unittest library since 3.3), we solved the issue with a simple modification.
def add_data(input_datetime, data):
# Store the data along with the input date
# [...]
def retrieve_data(lower_date):
# Retrieve all data from lower date to now
# [...]
def compute_stats():
# Compute some statistics about stored data
month = arrow.get().floor('month')
data = retrieve_data(month)
return len(data)
def test_compute_stats():
# Test method checking the behaviour of compute_stats
now = arrow.get()
add_data(now.shift(days=-5))
add_data(now.shift(days=-1))
stat = compute_stats()
assert stat == 2, "We retrieve the two data input"
By sandboxing the execution to a given point in time, we ensured the reproducibility of the build at any given time.
Story 2: We use that configuration!
In another project, while creating a new feature we happened to break tests unrelated to our changes. This case could have been tedious to pinpoint, fortunately, due to the project organization, we were certain that the new feature did not affect the code covered by the now failing tests.
The code below is a synthetic representation of what happened, a global config object was interacting with both the existing and new features.
# Global state configuration
config = {}
def existing_feature():
if "common_entry" not in config:
raise ValueError("Not configured")
# Process [...]
return True
def our_new_feature():
if "common_entry" not in config:
raise ValueError("Not configured")
# Process [...]
return True
From the isolation of the two features, we knew that the new tests had to be the ones creating a faulty global state. There were globally two possibilities for the faulty state. Either the new test was injecting something new to the global state, or removing something essential to the existing test.
The test cases below were always run in the specific order ConfiguredFeatureTest, ExistingFeatureTestCase before integrating the new feature, then in the order ConfiguredFeatureTest, NewFeatureTestCase, ExistingFeatureTestCase.
class ConfiguredFeatureTest(unittest.TestCase):
def setUp(self):
config["entry"] = "anything"
def test_configured(self):
self.assertIsNotNone(config.get("entry"))
class ExistingFeatureTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
def test_feature_one(self):
self.assertTrue(existing_feature())
class NewFeatureTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
def setUp(self):
config["entry"] = "anything"
def tearDown(self):
config.clear()
def test_new_feature(self):
self.assertTrue(our_new_feature())
In order to understand the behaviour of the existing test, we ran it alone, both with and without the new changes. It appeared that the test was failing in both cases. This gave us the information that this test was using an existing global state, and that we might be cleaning this state. So we took a deeper interest in the tearDown method.
It happened that the global configuration was injected and cleared in our new test suite. This configuration was used but rarely cleared in other tests. As a result, the existing test was relying on the execution of the previous ones to succeed. Clearing the configuration removed the context required by the existing test, thus made it fail.
By “chance” the tests were always run in the right order for years. This situation could have been detected way earlier by using a random execution order for tests. It happens that python has simple modules to do so.
To fix the tests and avoid this situation to happen in the future, we decided to force the configuration clearing in the project’s test suite superclass. This meant to fix a bunch of other tests failing after this but also enforced a clean state for all new tests.
Bonus story: A good flakiness
On top of the previous stories, where flakiness is obviously a bad thing, I also stumbled into a case where I found flakiness somehow beneficial to the codebase.
In this particular case, the test intended to assert some data consistency for any instances of the same class. To do so, the test was generating numerous instances of the class with randomized inputs.
This test happened to fail during some executions as the inputs were creating a behaviour not accounted for by the feature. That enabled to extract a specific test case for the input and fix the behaviour in this case.
While I agree that edge cases should be analyzed during the development process, sometimes the input scope is too wide to consider all of them, let alone test all possibilities.
In those cases, randomizing the input of a method that should keep a consistent output is a good way to assert the codebase sanity in the long run.
Conclusion
This article showed some real-life examples of flaky tests. They were not the worst to track down, but they pinpoint the fact that flakiness can resurface at any time, even years after their introduction!
Once they appear, the flaky tests need to be fixed as soon as possible out of fear that the failing test suite will be considered as a normal state. The developers may then not rely on the tests suites anymore.
Flakiness is mostly due to non-deterministic behaviour in the code, in this article we had an example of:
• Specific execution time. If the code is dependent on time, there may be failing tests at specific dates.
• Randomness. Using random values in the main code or in the tests needs extra care or the behaviour may vary depending on those random values.
• Modified global state. Using a global state in a project can create inconsistencies in tests if the state is not managed correctly.
Some behaviour can help to limit the amount of flakiness that hides in the tests, such as:
• Control your test execution environment to keep reproducible execution.
• Avoid global states to minimize the side effects of environment settings.
• Randomize the test execution order to determine dependencies between tests.
Continue on the subject:
If you are curious about the context that led to the apparition of those flaky tests, my former manager Kevin Deldycke provides a more detailed view in a very interesting post: Billing Pipeline: A Critical Time Sensitive System. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Recommendations for Cancer Prevention
3. Avoid sugary drinks. Limit consumption of energy-dense foods (particularly processed foods high in added sugar, or low in fiber, or high in fat).
Choosing healthy foods and drinks instead of those that are high in refined carbohydrates and often in added sugar and fat (energy-dense foods) can help us avoid overweight and obesity and thereby reduce our cancer risk.
What are energy-dense foods?
Most foods provide us with energy (calories), but some foods contain more energy ounce-for-ounce than others. Energy-dense foods tend to be processed foods with sugar and fat added to improve the taste. The result is more calories per ounce.
For example, 3.5 oz. of chocolate contains 10 times more calories than the same amount of apple:
3.5 oz. of milk chocolate = 520 calories
3.5 oz. of apple = 52 calories
It can be difficult to control how much energy you are consuming if you eat a lot of energy-dense foods because you only need to eat a small amount to take in a lot of calories. It’s okay to eat energy-dense foods occasionally, or in small quantities, but try not to make them the basis of your diet. By choosing a diet based on low-energy-dense foods, you can actually eat more food but consume fewer calories.
Foods that are low in energy density, like the apple, are high in fiber and water. Most vegetables, fruits and beans fall into the low-energy-dense category. It is yet another reason to base your diet on plant-based foods.
Sugary drinks and weight gain
The expert report found that regularly consuming sugary drinks contributes to weight gain. These drinks are easy to drink in large quantities but don’t make us feel full, even though they are quite high in calories. Sugary drinks include: soft drinks like colas and juice flavored drinks. We should try to avoid these drinks.
Water is the best alternative. Unsweetened tea and coffee are also healthy options. Natural fruit juice counts as one of our recommended 5 or more daily portions of vegetables and fruits, but it does contain a lot of sugar. It’s best not to drink more than one glass a day. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
File talk:Tenderconscience in the palace of Carnal Security.jpg
A good 18th century print of Tender-Conscience of The Third Part of the Pilgrim's Progress.--Drboisclair 08:13, 7 June 2007 (UTC) | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Sockpuppet investigations/Quidysquidypedia/Archive
Report date July 31 2009, 00:01 (UTC)
* Suspected sockpuppets
The suspected sockpuppeteer and sockpuppet accounts appear to have the same username structure. And according to the user creation log, these 3 accounts were created within a 4-minute period.
* Evidence submitted by SoCalSuperEagle (talk)
The Quidysquidypedia account was used to vandalize the CiscoWorks article with this edit. Only 3 minutes later, the Wuidyquidypedia account was used to add more vandalism to that exact same page with this edit.
Although the Wuidyquidypediaqwank account hasn't yet made any contributions, it is obvious that the Wuidyquidypediaqwank and Wuidyquidypedia accounts belong to the same person (the user creation log confirms this).
Finally, based on an examination of the revision history of the CiscoWorks article, it appears that the suspected sockpuppeteer may be the same person as blocked user Squidysquidyliquidypedia (who was indefinitely blocked for vandalism). Their usernames have similar structures and their vandalism edits are similar. (See an example of Squidysquidyliquidypedia's vandalism and compare it to Quidysquidypedia's vandalism edit.) SoCalSuperEagle (talk) 00:01, 31 July 2009 (UTC)
* Comments by accused parties See Defending yourself against claims.
* Comments by other users
* CheckUser request
Requesting CheckUser to determine if an underlying IP or range can possibly be blocked as well as to check for sleepers. MuZemike 02:20, 31 July 2009 (UTC)
* Self-endorsing for CU per comment made above. MuZemike 23:34, 1 August 2009 (UTC)
* Clerk, patrolling admin and checkuser comments
* Conclusions
* ✅ Currently available technical and behavioral evidence indicates that the following accounts are related:
-- Avi (talk) 05:26, 2 August 2009 (UTC)
* Confirmed ones blocked and tagged. NW ( Talk ) 05:30, 2 August 2009 (UTC)
* Before this is archived, User:Wuidyquidypediaqwank is the only listed account that is still unblocked that should be. MuZemike 06:01, 2 August 2009 (UTC)
* Blocked. Thanks for pointing out the one that fell through the crack. OhanaUnitedTalk page 07:17, 2 August 2009 (UTC) | WIKI |
The Very Best Value Plays for Patient Investors
Long before the days of growth stocks, investors used to search for value in stocks that were trading for less than the net assets on their balance sheets. It was a tried-and-true formula for protecting your downside while searching for upside.
The stock market's original gurus - Columbia Business School's Benjamin Graham and David Dodd - laid out a pretty simple premise in their 1934 book Security Analysis : Since we have no crystal ball that tells us where a business is headed, we can only place a value on things we already know. And we know that if a company chose to shut down tomorrow, sell off its assets, pay off its debts, and turn it all into cash, we can get a sense of what value exists. This is a company's tangible book value , which excludes non-cash balance sheet items such as goodwill and amortization. And as those esteemed authors noted, if the stock market's value of a company (known as market capitalization) is less than that tangible book value, then you've got a potential bargain.
In theory, a stock's value should never fall below tangible book value, because investors should bid shares back up right to the point where those two values are equal -- also known as "trading at book." But the market is never that efficient. Sometimes, a stock will fall below its intrinsic worth and trade well below tangible book value. In bull markets, you can always find a few dozen stocks trading below book. And in markets like the current one, you'll find hundreds.
In some instances, investors are right to ignore stated book value. For example, if a company is losing money, cash will decline and so will book value. Alcoa ( AA ) , which kicks off earnings season every quarter, is a fine example. Tangible book value has fallen from $12.76 per share at the end of 2007 to a recent $7.40. Shares fell down to just $5 at the height of the economic crisis, because investors knew that tangible book value would keep shrinking in the face of open-ended losses.
In other instances, a company will carry assets at their cost, but those assets may no longer be worth as much. For example, oil refiners Valero ( VLO ) and Western Refining ( WNR ) spent billions of dollars to build massive facilities to produce gasoline and diesel fuel. But the industry is awash in too much capacity, and neither firm would get all of its money back if they wanted to sell some of those refineries.
In some extreme instances, these stocks not only trade below book value, but below cash levels. Telecom equipment maker Sycamore Networks (Nasdaq: SCMR) is valued by investors at roughly $500 million. Yet Sycamore has roughly $635 million in short and long-term investments.
Presumably, a rival could come along and pay a 25% premium to the company's current market value and get the whole business for free by sucking out that cash. This is a clear instance where Graham & Dodd would be scratching their heads.
I ran a screen and found hundreds of stocks trading below book. I've greatly condensed that list for you by, among other things, placing a $500 million minimum on market value. I've also eliminated a number of financial services firms due to anomalies associated with the stated values of their assets and liabilities (though we retained some financial names on the list that do represent clearly-valued balance sheet items).
Ingram Micro ( IM )
As the table shows, some stocks trade for sharp discounts to book value. And many of these stocks have likely found a floor, even if the rest of the market slumps further. For example, shares of Ingram Micro, the world's largest distributor of office equipment and electronics, have fallen to just 85% of tangible book value on fears that European sales will slump in coming quarters.
But value investors should be ready to pounce. That's because tangible book value has risen from $10.59 in 2004 to a recent $18.32. Almost all of that gain is attributable to a rising cash hoard, which now approaches $1 billion. And that figure is likely to keep rising, as Ingram Micro should remain nicely profitable, even if European sales slump. Ingram Micro has never lost money (excluding a one-time charge in 2009) in its history.
Dillard's ( DDS )
There are two things you need to know about this long-standing department store chain. Management has a very spotty track record in terms of sales and profit growth, and the company is sitting on a gold mine in terms of real estate . The company's portfolio of stores is likely worth at least the $3 billion that it is being valued on its books. Yet the whole company is valued at less than half of that figure.
Dillard's results are sharply improved this year, as earnings per share should more than double. But the country is still awash in too much retail space. So Dillard's would need to wait before trying to raise cash by selling any stores. But if it comes to that, investors should note that many of Dillard's stores are situated in prime locations. Meanwhile, the whole company is valued at just 69% of tangible book value.
Royal Caribbean ( RCL )
A cruise ship just isn't worth as much anymore. They cost oodles of money to build, and are currently being packed in with discount-seeking bargain hunters. Many ships are barely generating more profits than the loans taken out to pay for them. Part of the problem stems from a glut of cruise ships that were built while the economy was humming. It takes several years to build a ship, so new ones kept coming, even as the economy slumped.
But over time, demand for cruises should catch up with supply, and the value of the cruise ships built by Royal Caribbean will start to rise back to the value of their construction costs. Shares would need to rise by 21% just to get back up to tangible book value.
Action to Take --> These value situations require patience. Indeed, Graham & Dodd preached " Buy and Hold ." In the meantime, these stocks are likely to fall by less than other stocks that trade far above book value. So you get (eventual) reward without too much risk. Of these companies profiled, Ingram Micro is the most likely to see tangible book value keep rising, while investors in Royal Caribbean and Dillard's will need to wait for the market for their assets (ships and real estate , respectively) to become better appreciated.
InvestingAnswers
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Activision to Offer Skylanders Trap Team on Nintendo 3DS - Analyst Blog
Activision Blizzard ( ATVI ) has been carrying on with its endeavors to broaden its product portfolio by making innovative games for new consoles from Sony ( SNE ) and Microsoft ( MSFT ). However, Activision's new games have skipped Nintendo for some time.
Recently, Activision Publishing a subsidiary of Activision Blizzard, announced that it will launch Skylanders Trap Team for Nintendo 3DS on Oct 5, 2014 in North America, Oct 2 in Australia and Oct 10 in Europe.
Skylanders Trap Team is an action and adventure-packed video game, developed by Toys for Bob. It is the fourth installment of the Skylanders video game franchise, one of the successful intellectual property of Activision.
Two new characters will be available to gamers only if they avail Skylanders Trap Team on Nintendo 3DS. Further, the Nintendo 3DS version of Skylanders Trap Team will also enable cross platform play by enabling the users to play with all the toys from Skylanders Spyro's Adventure , Skylanders Giants and Skylanders SWAP Force .
We believe that access to new characters as well as new features will help in attracting large number of Nintendo users particularly in Japan and Asian countries. We believe that this will drive top line growth going forward.
According to market research firm DFC Intelligence, the video game industry is expected to generate revenues of about $78.0 billion by 2017, which underscores the prospects of video-game developers like Activision.
Among the prominent U.S. game developers and publishers, Activision has the best product pipeline for the upcoming holiday season. The company is set to launch World of Warcraft: Warlords of Draenor , the newest expansion in the epic franchise, which, reportedly, has already been pre-purchased by over 1.5 million subscribers.
Moreover, the November release of its blockbuster franchise Call of Duty: Advanced Warfare presents a significant growth opportunity in the upcoming holiday season.
Both Electronic Arts ( EA ) and Take-Two Interactive ( TTWO ) have postponed their much-anticipated games Battlefield and Evolve to 2015 , which will benefit Activision.
However, Activision's limited presence in the mobile gaming segment, higher adoption of free-to-play games and significant competition from the likes of Electronic Arts, Gluu Mobile ( GLUU ) and Take-Two Interactive are the major headwinds in the near term.
Currently, Activision has a Zacks Rank #2 (Buy).
Want the latest recommendations from Zacks Investment Research? Today, you can download 7 Best Stocks for the Next 30 Days. Click to get this free report
ACTIVISION BLZD (ATVI): Free Stock Analysis Report
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To read this article on Zacks.com click here.
Zacks Investment Research
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
heckling
Noun
* 1) The act of one who heckles.
* 2) The preparation of flax for spinning using special combs called hackles.
* 1) The preparation of flax for spinning using special combs called hackles. | WIKI |
User:Smangele Sibanda/sandbox
Shiz Moz
November 15, 1997, saw the birth of Mgcini Mkhanyeli Ndlovu, best known by his stage name Shiz Moz, in Zimbabwe. Entering the music scene in 2019, he has achieved success with tracks that have been the most talked about on local radio stations, Skyz Metro FM and Khulumani FM. Shiz emerged in 2020 with the hit single "Buyekhaya." The song denounced the physical abuse of women by men during lockdowns. The number of cases of gender-based violence was steadily rising at the time, and there was a worldwide lockdown due to Covid 19.
Shiz Moz began to take music seriously after dominating the conversation rooms on nearby radio stations. Along with Nguye, Umdlwenguli, and Iztayila Zonke, he has released additional hits. Umdlwenguli is one of his top songs and it talks about activism against sexual harassment.
When Shiz Moz debuted "Pununu," an Afro Pop song that topped local radio stations' charts in 2024, his fans weren't prepared. This afro pop song is not simply a melody but a love letter, a celebration of emotion that transcends the borders of musical forms. Artists such as Moz show that in a musical landscape that is always changing, the essence of music is its capacity to elicit strong feelings from listeners, regardless of the genre.
In addition to working with NATIONAL University of Science and Technology FM (NUST FM), Shiz Moz claims that his goals go beyond the radio. He is a final-year student at the National University of Science and Technology studying journalism and media studies. | WIKI |
Page:The Swiss Family Robinson (Kingston).djvu/125
Rh “No, no!” said I, “I did not make this for mere pleasure, nor is it even intended as a weapon, the arrows are pointless. Elizabeth,” I continued to my wife, “can you supply me with a ball of stout thread from your wonderful bag?”
“Certainly,” replied she, “I think that a ball of thread was the first thing to enter the bag,” and diving her hand deep in, she drew out the very thing I wanted.
“Now, boys,” I said, “I am going to fire the first shot,” and I fastened one end of the thread to one of my arrows and aimed at a large branch above me. The arrow flew upwards and bore the thread over the branch and fell at our feet. Thus was the first step in our undertaking accomplished. Now for the rope-ladder!
Fritz had obtained two coils of cord each about forty feet in length; these we stretched on the ground side by side; then Fritz cut the bamboos into pieces of two feet for the steps of the ladder, and as he handed them to me, I passed them through knots which I had prepared in the ropes, while Jack fixed each end with a nail driven through the wood. When the ladder was finished, I carried over the bough a rope by which it might be hauled up. This done, I fixed the lower end of the ladder firmly to the ground by means of stakes, and all was ready for an ascent. The boys who had been watching me with intense interest were each eager to be first.
“Jack shall have the honour,” said I, “as he is the lightest; so up with you, my boy, and do not break your neck.”
Jack, who was as active as a monkey, sprang up the ladder and quickly gained the top.
“Three cheers for the nest!” he exclaimed, waving his cap. “Hurrah, hurrah, hurrah for our jolly nest! What a grand house we will have up here; come along, Fritz!”
His brother was soon by his side, and with a hammer and nails secured the ladder yet more securely. I followed with an axe, and took a survey of the tree. It was admirably suited to | WIKI |
Key Pieces of Compressor Design
There are lots of kinds of compressor to pick from. Purchase an oil less compressor unless an extremely large compressor is necessary. Large industrial compressors may feature multiple cylinder designs and frequently incorporate the choice of utilizing any range of those cylinders based on demand.
The compressor is an essential component of a comprehensive compression system. Air compressors produce large quantities condensate that has to be correctly treated and disposed. Rotary screw air compressors are a breeze to keep and operate.
What You Should Do to Find Out About Compressor Design Before You’re Left Behind
Two different kinds of compressors were produced by Westinghouse. These compressors change capacity whilst running. The reciprocating compressor is comparable to an automobile engine. Most reciprocating compressors utilize double-acting cylinders.
Want to Know More About Compressor Design?
The compressor itself is basically a solid bit of iron and doesn’t flex. Centrifugal compressors are commonly utilised in automotive, marine turbocharging, gas and oil, aerospace, and distributed power applications due to their compact design and higher stage pressure ratio. They use an impeller consisting of radial or backward bending blades. They are widely used, second only to reciprocating compressors in number of machines in the process industries because of their size and ease of use. As an example, centrifugal compressors employed for large air-conditioning systems (water chillers) use a refrigerant as a working gas that can’t be modeled as a perfect gas. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 25.djvu/432
386 FIFTIETH CONGRESS. Sess. I. Cns. 773, 785. 1888. the machinery and hxtures thereto belonging, and also the approaches Terms. thereto, upon such terms and conditions as shall be prescribed by the Secretary of War upon hearing the allegations and proofs of the parties in interest, in case the parties in interest shall not be able to agree { upon such rltlelrmshand cpndipions b f t ] S*•=·‘g¤¤‘Y~¤ Warm Sec. 6. at the said rai way company, e ore en ering upon t ie app") °pmS’ m` construction of said bridge, shall submit to the Secretary of War lans and drawings of such structure, together with a map of the l)ocation thereof for one mile above and one mile below said location, giving the topograph of the banks of the river, the shore lines at high and low water, the direction and strength of the current of said river at all stages of water, showing also the bed of the river and the V channel, with such other and further information as the Secretary of War may require, which said drawings and other information aforesaid shal be examined by him, and if he shall approve the same he shall so notify the said railway company of such afpproval, and therefrom said com any may proceed to the erection o said bridge. The m””’€”· Secretary of Ygar may make such alterations in such plans as he may deem necessary to the better rotection of navigation, and such alterations shall be adopted by said) railway company. The said railway company may at any time make any alterations deemed advisable to be made in said bridge, but must first submit such pro osed alterations to the Secretary of War, and his approval shall be iirst had _ _ before they shall be authorized or made. ·*"’“*°"“"*€°”‘°“· Sec. 7. That the said brid e herein authorized to be constructed shall be so kept and managed at all times as to adord roper means and wage for the assage of vessels, barges, or rafts under it both by _ day an night. 'Fhere shall be displayed on said bridge from sunset I-‘gb‘·°‘· °“°· to sunrise such lights and signals as may be directed by the Light- House Board. And such changes may be made from time to time in the structure of said bridge as the Secretary of War may direct, at the expense of said railwa, in order the more edectually to preserve the free navigation of said, river, or the said structure shall be altogether removed if in the judgment of the Secretary of War the pubic good may require such removal, and without expense or charge to the United States. cf£;jgf(°°m°¤” and Sec. 8. That this act shall be null and void if actual construction ` of the bridge herein authorized be not commenced within one year and completed within three years from the date thereof. expressly reserved. Approved, August 7, 1888. August g_;gp,q_ CHAP. 785.-An act to authorize the juries of the United States circuit and Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Juries,United sums United States of Anzerzca in Congress assembled, That the act of °°{¥§‘f‘g,_p_,,·,_ Congress approved June thirtieth. eighteen hundred and seventy- nine, chapter fifty-two, section two, be, and the same is hereby. cmu: and msu-ice amended, so that whenever any circuit and district court of the ‘i_‘g;jg‘m{‘,;‘c$,fa,;'f8gg’b§,€ United States shall be held at the same time and place they shall be authorized and required, if the business of the courts will permit, to use interchangeably the juries in either court drawn according to the provisions o said act. Approved, August 8, 1888.
* “’°“‘*”"’"‘· Sec. 9. That the right to alter, amend, or repeal this act is hereby
* ·····—········ district courts to be used interchangeably, and to provide for drawing talesmen. | WIKI |
Mark ISerializable types with SerializableAttribute
TypeName
MarkISerializableTypesWithSerializable
CheckId
CA2237
Category
Microsoft.Usage
Breaking Change
Non Breaking
An externally visible type implements the System.Runtime.Serialization.ISerializable interface and the type is not marked with the System.SerializableAttribute attribute. The rule ignores derived types whose base type is not serializable.
To be recognized by the common language runtime as serializable, types must be marked with the SerializableAttribute attribute even if the type uses a custom serialization routine through implementation of the ISerializable interface.
To fix a violation of this rule, apply the SerializableAttribute attribute to the type.
Do not suppress a warning from this rule for exception classes because they must be serializable to work correctly across application domains.
The following example shows a type that violates the rule. Uncomment the SerializableAttribute attribute line to satisfy the rule.
Imports System
Imports System.Runtime.Serialization
Imports System.Security.Permissions
Namespace UsageLibrary
' <SerializableAttribute> _
Public Class BaseType
Implements ISerializable
Dim baseValue As Integer
Sub New()
baseValue = 3
End Sub
Protected Sub New( _
info As SerializationInfo, context As StreamingContext)
baseValue = info.GetInt32("baseValue")
End Sub
<SecurityPermissionAttribute(SecurityAction.Demand, _
SerializationFormatter := True)> _
Overridable Sub GetObjectData( _
info As SerializationInfo, context As StreamingContext) _
Implements ISerializable.GetObjectData
info.AddValue("baseValue", baseValue)
End Sub
End Class
End Namespace
Community Additions
ADD
Show: | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Clutter
Clutter Тo, чтo
Reliability The degree to which the input-output relationship is reproducible if the relationship is studied sclerosis under comparable conditions. Sensitivity The lowest value of input that can be inferred with a given degree of validity and reliability from measurements of output. Amplification The amount of change in measured output per unit change in input. Comparability The ability of a system to deliver data clutter can be compared in standard units of measurement and by standard statistical techniques with the data delivered clutter other systems.
While not a critical component of clutter, comparability of data generated by a system is critical to evaluating its accuracy and usefulness. Activity, Intrinsic: See Intrinsic Activity. Addiction: According to DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association.
Agonist: A ligand that binds to a receptor and alters the receptor state resulting in a biological response. Agonist, Partial: A partial agonist is an agonist that produces a maximal response that is less than the maximal response produced by another agonist acting at the same receptors on the same tissue, as a result of lower intrinsic activity.
Agonist, Full: A full agonist is an agonist that produces the largest maximal response of any known agonist that clutter on the same receptor. Clutter, Inverse: An inverse agonist is a ligand that by binding to a receptor reduces the fraction of receptors in an active clutter, thereby reducing basal activity. Side-effects, Idiosyncratic Response, Hypersensitivity, Sensitivity Amplification: Clutter amount of change in measured output per unit change in input.
Accuracy Analgesic: A drug that dulls the sense of pain. Antagonism: The joint effect of clutter or more drugs clutter that the combined effect is less than the sum of the effects produced by each agent separately.
Antagonisms may be any of three general types: Chemical clutter by combination of clutter with antagonist, with resulting inactivation of the agonist, e.
Physiological caused by agonist clutter antagonist acting at two independent sites and inducing independent, but opposite effects. Pharmacological caused by action sambucol the clutter and clutter at the same site.
In the case of pharmacological antagonisms, the terms competitive and non-competitive antagonism are clutter with meanings analogous to competitive and non-competitive enzyme clutter as used in enzymology.
Synergy, Potentiation, Clutter Activity, Affinity Area Under the Curve: Abbreviated as AUC (q. Clearance, Clutter, Compartment(s), F Availability: Clutter Bioavailability B Return to top B: Body weight. Potency is relative, not absolute. Positive Control Drug, Negative Control Drug, Dose-Effect Curve, Time-Concentration Curve Bioavailability: The percent of dose entering the systemic circulation after administration of a given dosage clove. F, Disintegration Time, Dissolution Time, Generic Drugs, Reference Standard, Equivalence, First Pass Effect, AUC Biopharmaceutics: Clutter science and study clutter the ways in which the clutter formulation clutter administered agents can influence their pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic behavior.
Clutter, Biotranslocation, Pharmacokinetics, Bioavailability Biotransformation: Chemical alteration of an agent (drug) clutter occurs by virtue of the sojourn of the agent in a biological system. Pharmacokinetics, Biopharmaceutics Biotranslocation: The movement of chemicals (drugs) into, through, and out of biological organisms or their parts.
Pharmacokinetics, Half-Life, Volume clutter Distribution, Biopharmaceutics, ka, kel Blind Experiment: A form clutter experiment in which the participants are, to clutter degree, kept clutter of the nature clutter doses of materials cognitive distortions clutter specific parts of the experiment.
C0: The fictive concentration of a drug or chemical in the clutter at the time clutter theory) of an instantaneous clutter injection of clutter drug that is instantaneously distributed to its volume of distribution. ClearanceAUCF Ceiling: The maximum clutter effect that can be induced in a tissue by a given clutter, regardless of how large a dose is administered.
Intrinsic Activity Chemotherapy: Drug treatment of parasitic or neoplastic disease in which skin care roche drug has a selective effect on the invading cells or organisms. Renal Clearance: Renal plasma (or blood) clearance ClR is the volume of plasma (or blood) freed of a substance by only renal mechanisms, per unit time.
Further...
Comments:
01.05.2020 in 09:13 Yozshura:
Absolutely with you it agree. In it something is and it is good idea. It is ready to support you.
06.05.2020 in 12:55 Kigarg:
It agree, the helpful information
| ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
summarylogtreecommitdiffstats
path: root/PKGBUILD
blob: c12a9ecc7de62c3f82d4733554a91786822aced8 (plain)
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# Maintainer: Laurent Treguier <laurent@treguier.org>
_oomox_ver=1.7.2.1
_numix_ver=1.9.2
_materia_ver=20181125
_arc_cmt=e97206cf0772da5b07b982da67cc65d91884d48d
_archdroid_ver=1.0.2
_gnome_colors_ver=5.5.3
_oomoxify_ver=1.1
_base16_cmt=d022b9daa5c233a08a8d3b94fd534a3041e3a8c1
pkgname=oomox
pkgver=${_oomox_ver}
pkgrel=1
pkgdesc='Graphical application for generating different color variations of Numix/Materia/Arc theme (GTK2, GTK3), gnome-colors and ArchDroid icon themes.
Have a hack for HiDPI in gtk2.'
arch=('i686' 'x86_64')
url='https://github.com/themix-project/oomox'
license=('GPL3')
depends=(
'gtk3'
'python-gobject'
'glib2' # oomox, materia, arc
'gdk-pixbuf2' # oomox, materia, arc
'gtk-engine-murrine' # oomox, materia, arc
'gtk-engines' # oomox, materia, arc
'gnome-themes-extra' # materia
'sassc' # oomox, materia, arc
'librsvg' # oomox, gnome-colors
'sed' # oomox, materia, arc, gnome-colors, archdroid
'findutils' # oomox, materia, arc, gnome-colors, arch-droid
'grep' # oomoxify, oomox, materia, arc, gnome-colors
'bc' # oomoxify, oomox, materia, arc, gnome-colors
'zip' # oomoxify
'polkit' # oomoxify
'imagemagick' # gnome-colors
'parallel' # materia, arc
'optipng' # materia, arc
'inkscape' # materia, arc
'python-pillow' # import_pil
)
optdepends=(
'xorg-xrdb: for the `xresources` theme'
'breeze-icons: more fallback icons'
'gksu: for applying Spotify theme from GUI without polkit'
'colorz: additional image analyzer for "Import colors from image" plugin'
'python-colorthief: additional image analyzer for "Import colors from image" plugin'
'python-haishoku: additional image analyzer for "Import colors from image" plugin'
)
options=(
'!strip'
)
provides=('oomox')
conflicts=('oomox-git')
source=(
"oomox-${_oomox_ver}.tar.gz::https://github.com/themix-project/oomox/archive/${_oomox_ver}.tar.gz"
"oomox-gtk-theme-${_numix_ver}.tar.gz::https://github.com/themix-project/oomox-gtk-theme/archive/${_numix_ver}.tar.gz"
"materia-theme-v${_materia_ver}.tar.gz::https://github.com/nana-4/materia-theme/archive/v${_materia_ver}.tar.gz"
"arc-theme-${_arc_cmt}.tar.gz::https://github.com/NicoHood/arc-theme/archive/${_arc_cmt}.tar.gz"
"archdroid-icon-theme-${_archdroid_ver}.tar.gz::https://github.com/themix-project/oomox-archdroid-icon-theme/archive/${_archdroid_ver}.tar.gz"
"gnome-colors-icon-theme-${_gnome_colors_ver}.tar.gz::https://github.com/themix-project/oomox-gnome-colors-icon-theme/archive/${_gnome_colors_ver}.tar.gz"
"oomoxify-${_oomoxify_ver}.tar.gz::https://github.com/themix-project/oomoxify/archive/${_oomoxify_ver}.tar.gz"
"base16-builder-${_base16_cmt}.tar.gz::https://github.com/base16-builder/base16-builder/archive/${_base16_cmt}.tar.gz"
)
md5sums=('b9f0a8b9be784b972d40b20f2c8ffd67'
'bcc635f0dd06b0b0fae1f318d3271ec2'
'a6ecf1c694f437bf0c6c07834fdd0704'
'19029e06b6fbda8a40eb047978c6a8ba'
'cb669130685dcbf03a8f7f5738c71dc6'
'ae3250f1dce9505dbaa60d92dcb9a239'
'd0c0f22c082cfd7c57148e7da809ddfb'
'38fc51a55c798032266c03ee82461119')
prepare() {
cd ${srcdir}
cp -pr "${pkgname}-gtk-theme-${_numix_ver}"/* "${pkgname}-${_oomox_ver}/plugins/theme_oomox/gtk-theme"
cp -pr "materia-theme-${_materia_ver}"/* "${pkgname}-${_oomox_ver}/plugins/theme_materia/materia-theme"
cp -pr "arc-theme-${_arc_cmt}"/* "${pkgname}-${_oomox_ver}/plugins/theme_arc/arc-theme"
cp -pr "archdroid-icon-theme-${_archdroid_ver}"/* "${pkgname}-${_oomox_ver}/plugins/icons_archdroid/archdroid-icon-theme"
cp -pr "gnome-colors-icon-theme-${_gnome_colors_ver}"/* "${pkgname}-${_oomox_ver}/plugins/icons_gnomecolors/gnome-colors-icon-theme"
cp -pr "oomoxify-${_oomoxify_ver}"/* "${pkgname}-${_oomox_ver}/plugins/oomoxify"
cp -pr "base16-builder-${_base16_cmt}"/* "${pkgname}-${_oomox_ver}/plugins/import_base16/base16-data"
}
package() {
_oomox_dir="/opt/${pkgname}"
_oomox_gui_dir="${_oomox_dir}/oomox_gui"
cd "${srcdir}/${pkgname}-${_oomox_ver}"
make DESTDIR="${pkgdir}" APPDIR="${_oomox_dir}" PREFIX="/usr" install
python -O -m compileall "${pkgdir}/${_oomox_gui_dir}" -d "${_oomox_gui_dir}"
} | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Pivoting in Elasticsearch
Hey ,
Can anybody tell me is there a way in elasticsearch/kibana to provide pivoting feature as in Oracle?
I want to create a report with pivoting a field with sum as aggregation.
For example : I have this schema indexed in test-index/test-type Doc id being ID.
ID | NAME | Code | AMT
-----------------------
1 | ABC | a | 10
2 | DEF | c | 20
3 | XYZ | a | 30
4 | ABC | a | 10
5 | ABC | c | 20
6 | XYZ | b | 30
7 | DEF | c | 10
8 | DEF | a | 20
I want to generate a report pivoting done like this : SUM(AMT) FOR CODE IN (a,b,c)
NAME | a | b | c
---------------------
ABC | 20 | 0 | 20
DEF | 20 | 0 | 30
XYZ | 30 | 30 | 0
Can we do it using elasticsearch and reports generated in kibana?
PS. I am new to Elasticsearch Query DSL, so it would be helpful if someone having good grasp on query DSL can help me out whether its possible in ES , or suggest me a way to do this??
You can do a table with an agg on NAME and then a sub-agg using a sum, on Code.
That'll look like this;
Not sure you can have it in the format you are after though.
Thanks for your reply @warkolm . But can you tell me how to Pivot?? i.e. make field value as a field and do aggregation upon it? Any solution to it ?
I don't think there is a direct equivalent to a pivot. I would also propose doing a "terms" aggregation on the "NAME" field and then adding the rest of the fields as columns in the table, as @warkolm showed in the screenshot. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Draft:Okolona Carnegie Library
The Okolona Carnegie Library, located at 321 Main Street, is a public library in Okolona, Mississippi. It received funding as a Carnegie Library, was designed by John Gaisford of Memphis, and opened in 1915. The grounds formerly included a park with a wading pool. The Okolona Carnegie Library became part of the Dixie Regional System in 1977 and a new addition was added in 1986 tripling shelf space and added a conference room. The library is a Mississippi Landmark. In 2022, it was a finalist for further renovations, but the outcome is unknown. The first librarian was May McDowell McGeHee who had graduated the same year from high-school.
It originally had one large room on the ground floor and a basement with four small rooms and two bathrooms. A "Story Labyrinth" is in front of the library. | WIKI |
loading bay
Noun
* 1) A designated place at the side of a street where a vehicle can be loaded or unloaded.
* 1) A designated place at the side of a street where a vehicle can be loaded or unloaded. | WIKI |
BRIEF-Aevis Victoria's subsidiary Swiss Medical Network to acquire Generale Beaulieu Holding SA
Sept 13 (Reuters) - Aevis Victoria Sa * Swiss medical network sa - acquisition offer to all the shareholders of Generale Beaulieu Holding SA - Clinique Générale-Beaulieu joining Swiss Medical Network * Swiss Medical Network will submit an acquisition offer in cash to all shareholders of GBH on Sept. 14, for all registered shares of GBH, at a price of 25,000 Swiss francs ($25,654.18) per share * Price offered by Swiss Medical Network values GBH at 187.5 million Swiss francs Source text for Eikon: Further company coverage: ($1 = 0.9745 Swiss francs) (Gdynia Newsroom) | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Page:Pre-Aryan Tamil Culture.djvu/8
wood previously used. They gave to metal the name of pon, the lustrous material, from pol to shine Gold was also called pon, the metal par excellence, as well as taṅgam, the superior metal, uyarnde pon, the superior (ever clean) metal. Iron was irumbu, the dark metal, from ir, dark (whence iravu, irā, night, iruḷ, iruṭṭu, iruṭchi, darkness, irundai, charcoal). Probably irumu was the earlier form of Telugu inumu. Iron was also called karumbon, meaning the black metal. Silver was veḷḷi, the white metal, and copper śembu, the red metal. That these four metals were alone known to ancient Tamil India and that tin, lead, and zinc were not known is proved by the fact that the Tamil names of these latter have been borrowed from Sanskrit. Thus tin is tagaram, lead is īyam (from Sanskrit sīsam, through Prakrit), and Zinc is tuttam (whence the English word tutty, polishing powder) or nāgam. Tin and lead are also respectively called veḷḷīyam, and kārīyam, white and black īyam, under the mistaken idea that they were black and white varieties of the same metal. Brass, an alloy of copper and zinc, was also borrowed from Aryan India, its name pittaḷai being borrowed from the Northern dialects. Bronze, an alloy of copper and tin, was not unknown in ancient Tamil India, for a few bronze implements and ornaments have been discovered in early Iron Age graves; one such, a tiny kūja (with its mouth so small that the little finger could not be squeezed into it). I recovered from an ancient grave, associated with a bill-hook, whose peculiar shape, similar to that of the weapon of the village gods, betokened its great age; and this vessel was made of an alloy of copper and tin, which, on chemical analysis, was found to be remarkably free from impurities. The Bronze Age in Europe extended over long centuries, but there was no necessity in South India for a Bronze Age, because the people had discovered iron before bronze and iron is a much better material for tools than bronze. The goldsmiths of India have used bronze only for polishing hammers and for stamps and dies, because these have to be made of a material both hard and incapable of being covered with rust, which would deteriorate the faces of polishing-hammers and destroy the delicate lines of the designs incorporated in stamps, dies, and moulds. Otherwise iron alone was the material used for tools in South India throughout the ages. Bronze was called in ancient Tamil uṟai, but the fact that more bronze was imported from Northern India than was made in Southern India, is proved by the use of the words kañjīyam, kāñjiyam, from Sanskrit kāmsyam, and tāram, from Sanskrit tāra, radiant, shining, as well as the artificial compound words veṅgalam, the white vessel Malayalam veḷḷōḍu, the white shell. Bronze was worked to some extent in South India, but 'the numerous bronze objects, many of which are of great beauty from the cemeteries of the South, do not belong to an age characterized by the sole use of that alloy.' | WIKI |
User:Lilduff90/Mayors in Kvinnherad
The Mayor of Kvinnherad is the highest local office in the municipality of Kvinnherad in Hordaland, Norway. Since the election of the first Mayor in 1838, there have been thirty-one mayors in office.
The current mayor is Peder Sjo Slettebø (since 2015), with Hans Inge Myrvold expected to take office in October 2019 as the 32nd Mayor of Kvinnherad.
Election history
After the new Municipal laws of 1837 were approved, all local municipalities of Norway were required to have a local council and executive council led by a mayor, beginning on 1 January 1838. As was common, the parish priest was a leading candidate, and in 1838, Elias Børge Unger was made the first Mayor of Kvinnherad, serving for the first eight years. As parliamentarism had yet to be introduced in Norway, none of the early mayors had a party affiliation, but were considered civil servants until the first parties were formed in 1884-85.
Until 1898, local elections were held every four years, and the municipal and executive councils were on separate ballots, meaning the mayor would be elected directly. However, the system also ahd mid-term elections every second year in-between, where half the members of both councils, including the mayor, would be up for election. This meant that it was possible to be elected mayor for as little as two years, as in the case of Heiberg from 1850-51, if you failed to recieve enough support in the mid-terms.
After 1898, a new law was put into effect, meaning local elections would now be held every three years, with only the municipal council being elected directly. The executive council and mayor would then be chosen from the elected council members. This system was in effect until 1945, when the term was expanded to four years, beginning with the 1947 election.
Until 1991, the transition between mayors happened at New Years, with the previous Mayor stepping down on 31 December and the new Mayor taking over on 1 January. Since then, the Mayor has taken office in the first municipal meeting after the election.
Notable mayors
The longest-serving mayor of Kvinnherad is Ingemar Traavik, who served as mayor from 1 January 1917 until his death on 6 August 1949, interrupted only by the Nazi occupation between 1942 and 1945, for a total of 31 years and 218 days. The second-longest serving was his predecessor, Axel Lea, who served for eighteen years from 1899 until 1916.
Andreas Lavik, mayor from 1886-93, was also an elected legislative council member of the Storting between 1889-91. He is also notable for being the only mayor in Kvinnherad from the short-lived Moderate Venstre. | WIKI |
Email that hacked AZ voter registration looked like an employee, said official
The email that gave Russian hackers access to an Arizona registration base looked like it came from an employee, and any normal person would have clicked on it, Arizona Secretary of State Michele Reagan said Wednesday. Reagan's comment came during a panel discussion at the Cambridge Cyber Summit in Cambridge, Massachusetts, hosted by CNBC, MIT and The Aspen Institute. The widespread fear among law enforcement and other branches of government is that Russian officials may be trying to undermine confidence in the U.S. electoral system at a time of heightened tensions between the two countries. Whatever the motivation, accessing voter registration databases can have all kinds of uses among criminals, Mark Testoni, president and CEO of SAP Security Services, said during the panel. Reagan emphasized the fact that the hackers only accessed voter registration data, not any mechanism for tallying votes. "We got lucky this time," she said. In a later interview on CNBC's "Squawk on the Street," Reagan described the steps immediately taken when the breach was detected, including taking the entire system offline. "At that moment in time, the most important thing was what do we do with that database? How do we inspect it? We need to make sure that no information was taken, no information was altered, a virus wasn't inserted into that system," she said. Reagan also talked about ways to prevent future hacks, such as multifactor authentication for logins and stronger passwords. — CNBC's Matthew J. Belvedere contributed to this report. Correction: This story was revised to correct the spelling of Michele Reagan's first name. The conference is sponsored by CNBC, MIT and The Aspen Institute. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
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Allatotropin-like peptide released by Malpighian tubules induces hindgut activity associated with diuresis in the Chagas disease vector Triatoma infestans (Klug).
J Exp Biol 210(Pt 11):1986-91 (2007) PMID 17515423
Haematophagous insects incorporate a large amount of blood with each meal, producing a big quantity of urine in a few hours to eliminate the excess water and Na(+). Malpighian tubules (MTs) have traditionally been seen as a system that responds to neuroendocrine stimulus. In a related paper, we demonstrated that MTs of Triatoma infestans produce an autonomous endocrine secretion of an allatotropin-like (AT-like) peptide. In the present study, we report a myostimulatory activity of AT at the level of the hindgut (HG), associated with endocrine mechanisms regulating post-prandial diuresis. Allatotropin induced an increase in frequency and intensity of peristaltic contractions at the level of the HG. The release of the HG content in MTs-HG in vitro preparations undergoing an osmotic shock occurred at different times, depending on the number of MTs present, and there was no release in treatments without MTs. The application of an AT-antiserum to MTs-HG preparations undergoing osmotic shock produced a delay or a long-term blockade of diuresis, depending on the antiserum dilution applied. Similar results were obtained when AT-antiserum was applied in vivo prior to blood intake, decreasing the volume of urine eliminated during the first 2 h. Our results allow us to assign a specific endocrine function to the AT-like peptide released by MTs that is linked to the elimination of urine after blood meals.
DOI: 10.1242/jeb.004291
Version: za2963e q8za5 q8zb1 q8zca q8zd3 q8ze5 q8zf0 q8zg4
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Page:Rolland - Beethoven, tr. Hull, 1927.pdf/13
The lives of the great heroes were lives of one long martyrdom; a tragic destiny willed their souls to be forged on the anvil of physical and moral grief, of misery and ill-health. They were made great through their misfortune. Because these mighty souls complained little of their unhappiness, the best of humanity is with them. Let us gather courage from them; for torrents of quiet strength and inspiring goodness issued from their great hearts. Without even consulting their works or hearing their voices, we read in their eyes the secret of their lives—that it is good to have been in trouble, for thence the character acquires even more greatness, happiness and fruition.
The strong and pure Beethoven himself hoped in the midst of his sufferings that his example would give help to other unfortunate ones "that the unhappy being may be consoled in finding another as unfortunate as himself, who in face of all obstacles has done everything possible to become worthy of the name, ." After years of battling with almost superhuman efforts to rise superior to his sufferings and accomplish his life's work—to breathe a little more courage into poor weak humanity, this conquering Prometheus ob- | WIKI |
File:House of lords world upside down.jpg
Summary
Official Cover art of House of Lords' "World Upside Down" taken legally from the band's official site. | WIKI |
Camping in the United States
Camping is popular in the United States, with many thousands of campgrounds scattered around the country, especially in the more scenic areas near its national parks and other wilderness areas. Car camping and RV camping are most common, and wilderness camping is somewhat popular in the more sparsely populated western states.
Campgrounds may be privately owned or government owned. Privately owned campgrounds generally cost more and offer more amenities and services. Government owned campgrounds generally cost less and offer fewer amenities and services. "Dispersed camping" at ad hoc or undeveloped camp sites is also allowed on many rural government-owned lands, generally at no charge but subject to restrictions on stay length and other uses.
There is much variation in how you claim a site. Popular campgrounds generally recommend advance reservations, and in some cases require them for all campers. The most popular campgrounds often fill up weeks or months in advance, with reservations for each site opening a certain number of days in advance.
Less popular campgrounds are generally "first come, first serve", meaning that the first person to park and/or set up at the site for the night gets it, and they may occupy that site as long as desired, up to any maximum number of days set by the campground rules (often 14 days). These campground usually require registration on site, during which you will get a tag to display at your campsite to indicate you have paid for it. Privately owned campgrounds are less likely to have maximum stay restrictions.
Cost
Rates vary significantly depending on location, campground ownership, season, and amenities provided. Grounds often have different rates during popular holiday weekends, such as Memorial Day and the Fourth of July. Government-owned campgrounds are generally low cost ($10-20 per night) and sometimes free, while privately owned campgrounds typically range from $15 per night for tent camping to $60 or more for RVs with full services and amenities.
Campground ownership
Many of the most scenic campgrounds in the States are on government land. The federal government holds huge areas through agencies such as the Forest Service, Park Service, Department of Agriculture, Army Corps of Engineers, and Bureau of Land Management. States, counties, and cities may also have their own land available. Government campgrounds are sometimes privately managed through a contracted company.
Many campgrounds, especially those oriented towards RVs, are privately owned. 'RV Parks' specialize in providing services to RVers, and have electrical, water, and waste hookups. There are also some that accommodate tent campers, such as the national chain KOA.
Developed and improved
Most campsites are developed and improved. A site being developed simply means a compacted area for pitching shelter is present, and there may be a ring for wood fires and table. A site is improved when it has access to amenities such as drinkable water, toilets, trash bins, or showers. In bear country, you might also have a bear-proof box for food storage.
Electric
Some sites have amenities designed to meet the needs of Recreational Vehicles, such as electrical service. Some even have water and waste hookups at each campsite. For tent campers, some of these places may be just as enjoyable as non-electric sites, while others are about as enjoyable as parking lots.
Backpacking
Sites that aren't accessible by motorized vehicles are considered backpacking sites. You will have to carry in your tent and gear through hiking or horse trails.
Dispersed
Most lands require campers to use designated campsites. However, in some areas dispersed, or backcountry camping is permitted, where any location may be used, subject to a few restrictions. Before planning any trip, the office responsible for oversight of the particular land should be contacted to determine whether a permit is required, and if any special rules must be observed.
Leave-no-trace camping principles must be observed at all times, because unlike developed sites, the land is left vulnerable to damage. If a particular area does become overused, it may be closed off until it is able to recover.
Dispersed camping is possible at National Forests, and Bureau of Land Management (BLM) areas. National Forests can be found nationwide, whereas BLM lands are generally west of the Rockies.
Group and youth sites
If you are camping with a large group, it can often be cheaper to get a group site for a lower cost per-person. Some grounds even have sites set aside for youth groups.
Indiana
* Hoosier National Forest (Dispersed, Developed)
* Shades State Park (Improved, Youth)
* Turkey Run State Park (Electric, Youth)
Blue Earth County
* Bray Park and Campground, Madison Lake. This lakeside park is 102 acres and includes a sandy beach, boat launch, cable suspension footbridge over a ravine, paved walking trails, 2 playgrounds, picnic shelters, dump station. 32 electric sites, 20 tent sites, showers, flush toilets.
* Daly Park and Campground
* Land of Memories Park, Mankato.
* Minneopa State Park, Mankato. Park includes a waterfall (separate from campground) and a drive-through bison park. 61 drive-in sites. 6 electric sites. Camper cabins, showers, flush toilets, dump station.
* Rapidan Dam Park, Rapidan. 20 primitive wooded sites near the river. | WIKI |
Page:Sketches by Mark Twain.djvu/239
T the anniversary festival of the Scottish Corporation of London on Monday evening, in response to the toast of "The Ladies," replied. The following is the speech as reported in the London Observer:
"I am proud, indeed, of the distinction of being chosen to respond to this especial toast, to 'The Ladies,' or to women if you please, for that is the preferable term, perhaps; it is certainly the older, and therefore the more entitled to reverence. (Laughter.) I have noticed that the Bible, with that plain, blunt honesty which is such a conspicuous characteristic of the Scriptures, is always particular to never refer to even the illustrious mother of all mankind herself as a 'lady,' but speaks of her as a woman. (Laughter.) It is odd, but you will find it is so. I am peculiarly proud of this honour, because I think that the toast to women is one which, by right and by every rule of gallantry, should take precedence of all others—of the army, of the navy, of even royalty itself—perhaps, though the latter is not necessary in this day and in this land, for the reason that, tacitly, you do drink a broad general health to all good women when you drink the health of the Queen of England and the Princess of Wales. (Loud cheers.) I have in mind a poem just now which is familiar to you all, familiar to everybody. And what an inspiration that was (and how instantly the present toast recalls the verses to all our minds) when the most noble, the most gracious, the purest, and sweetest of all poets says:— "'Woman! O woman!—er— Wom——' (Laughter) However, you remember the lines; and you remember how feelingly, how daintily, how almost imperceptibly, the verses raise up before you, feature by feature, the ideal of a true and perfect woman; and how, as | WIKI |
New Alternative Party (Thailand)
The New Alternative Party (พรรคทางเลือกใหม่, ) is a political party in Thailand founded on March 2, 2018 by Rachen Tagunviang, who is the party's chairman, and Pairoj Kathumtonglert, who is its secretary-general. The party is based in Nonthaburi Province. | WIKI |
User:Gatoclass/SB/Morgan Iron Works
refs
* feb 1850 secor and co defunct -book
* morgan output 1850 -book
* - align="left"
* || align="center" | || || align="right" | || || align="center" | || align="center" | || align="center" | || align="center" | ||
Bib
(56 links fixed)
* Books
* Periodicals | WIKI |
Portal:Niles' Weekly Register
Volumes
First Series Second Series Third Series Fourth Series
* Niles' Weekly Register, v1, September 1811 - March 1812
* Niles' Weekly Register, v2, March - September 1812
* Niles' Weekly Register, v3, September 1812 - March 1813
* Niles' Weekly Register, v4, March - September 1813
* Niles' Weekly Register, v5, September 1813 - March 1814
* Niles' Weekly Register, v6, March - September 1814
* Niles' Weekly Register, v7, September 1814 - March 1815
* Niles' Weekly Register, v8, March - September 1815
* Niles' Weekly Register, v9, September 1815 - March 1816
* Niles' Weekly Register, v10, March - September 1816
* Niles' Weekly Register, v11, September 1816 - March 1817
* Niles' Weekly Register, v12, March - September 1817
* Niles' Weekly Register, v13, September 1817 - March 1818
* Niles' Weekly Register, v14, March - September 1818
* Niles' Weekly Register, v15, September 1818 - March 1819
* Niles' Weekly Register, v16, March - September 1819
* Niles' Weekly Register, v17, September 1819 - March 1820
* Niles' Weekly Register, v18, March - September 1820
* Niles' Weekly Register, v19, September 1820 - March 1821
* Niles' Weekly Register, v20, March - September 1821
* Niles' Weekly Register, v21, September 1821 - March 1822
* Niles' Weekly Register, v22, March - September 1822
* Niles' Weekly Register, v23, September 1822 - March 1823
* Niles' Weekly Register, v24, March - September 1823
* Niles' Weekly Register, v25, September 1823 - March 1824
* Niles' Weekly Register, v26, March - September 1824
* Niles' Weekly Register, v27, September 1824 - March 1825
* Niles' Weekly Register, v28, March - September 1825
* Niles' Weekly Register, v29, September 1825 - March 1826
* Niles' Weekly Register, v30, March - September 1826
* Niles' Weekly Register, v37, September 1829 - March 1880
* Niles' Weekly Register/Volume 37/Number 25/Debate in the Senate
* Niles' Weekly Register/Volume 37/Number 26/Debate in the Senate | WIKI |
Inzing
Inzing is a town in the Austrian Federal State Tyrol.
Location
Inzing is located in the Inntal between Innsbruck in east and Telfs in west. It lies on the southern bank of the Inn River. In the south of the town you see the Rangger Köpfl, in the north the Zirler Berg.
Neighbour municipalities
Flaurling, Gries im Sellrain, Hatting, Oberperfuss, Pettnau, Ranggen, Sankt Sigmund im Sellrain, Sellrain, Zirl.
History
Inzing was first mentioned in a document in 1034. The district Hatting was attached 1974 to Inzing and 1993 as an own commune reconstituted.
Economy
The industrial district, which is located at the east of the village, includes timber processing. | WIKI |
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The level of use of resurfacing hip replacement (RHR) and specific training undertaken was previously unknown in the United Kingdom. Consultant orthopaedic surgeons were audited by postal questionnaire regarding their RHR activity, training undertaken and evidence of specialisation in hip arthroplasty. Results: 19% of surgeons had performed RHR in the previous 12 months. 33% of revision hip surgeons had performed RHR. The majority of consultants performed 6-10 cases per year. 73% performed less than 20 cases per year. For training, 30% had observed RHR surgery and 23% had attended a formal course. 7.8% of those performing RHR had neither been on a course nor observed surgery. Both British Hip Society membership and the completion of a hip fellowship were associated with the frequency of RHR. Those who had completed previous hip fellowship or were BHS members performed significantly more RHR. Conclusions: RHR is currently performed by specialists. The level of use is increasing rapidly and the standard of implantation needs to be safeguarded in order to ensure that the current successful short term results are maintained in the long term. Given the steep learning curve, the lack of long-term outcome and concerns regarding metal-on-metal bearings, we believe that the implant should continue to be used in accordance with NICE guidelines and that implantation should be performed by surgeons with a specialist interest in hip arthroplasty and specific training. © Wichtig Editore, 2004.
Type
Journal article
Journal
HIP International
Publication Date
01/07/2004
Volume
14
Pages
163 - 168 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Peh (disambiguation)
Peh is an Indian village in Manipur.
Peh may also refer to:
Language
* Pe (Semitic letter), 17th letter of the Arabic, Hebrew and Syriac writing systems
* Pe (Persian letter), 3rd letter of that abjad
People in government and politics
* Peh Chin Hua (born 1947), Singaporean politician
* Simon Peh (born 1955), Hong Kong government official
* Ting Chew Peh (born 1943), Malaysian politician
Other people
* Pierre-Emile Højbjerg ("PEH", born 1995), Danish association football player
* Joanne Peh (born 1983), Singaporean actress and television host
* Vanessa Peh (born 1994), Singaporean actress, model and entrepreneur
* Peh Thian Hui, Singaporean child rapist
Other uses
* Phenylethylidenehydrazine, an antidepressant metabolite
* Poisoned Electrick Head, an English psychedelic rock band | WIKI |
Kim Hye-soo
Kim Hye-soo (Korean pronunciation: [kim.he.su]; born September 5, 1970) is a South Korean actress. Kim was one of the most popular teen stars in the 1980s and 1990s. She is known for her headstrong independence and regularly playing strong-willed, sophisticated women.
Kim began her career in an advertisement for Nestlé Milo in 1985. She made her film debut as a leading actress in the film Kambo (1986), for which she received her first accolade as Best New Actress at 1987 Baeksang Arts Awards. She was the youngest winner of the Blue Dragon Film Award for Best Leading Actress in First Love (1993). Her most commercially successful role was Madam Jeong in the crime film Tazza: The High Rollers (2006), which also won her third Blue Dragon Film Award for Best Actress.
Aside from her performances in films, Kim has appeared in many successful television series, including Partner (1994–1998), Did We Really Love? (1999), Royal Story: Jang Hui-bin (2002), The Queen of Office (2013), Signal (2016), Hyena (2020), Juvenile Justice (2022), and Under the Queen's Umbrella (2022).
Early life and education
Kim Hye-soo was born on September 5, 1970, in Busan, Dongnae District, the second of five children. She moved to Seoul Midong Elementary School while she was in third grade at Busan National Elementary School due to her father's work. While in elementary school, she was a member of the national Taekwondo children's demonstration team, and in April 1982 was the flower girl to present a bouquet to Juan Antonio Samaranch, the seventh President of the International Olympic Committee (IOC).
1985–1991: Career beginnings and break into cinema
In 1985, Kim featured in a commercial for Nestlé Milo and as well as the first K-pop music video, Cho Yong-pil's title song Empty In The Air. In 1986, Kim made her film debut on Kambo when she was a first-year high school student. She also won Best New Actress for Kambo at 23rd Baeksang Arts Awards. Kim went on to play the leading roles in the television series Samogok (1987), Sun Shim-yi (1988), and Senoya (1989). She co-starred with Roh Joo-hyun in When The Flowers Bloom And The Birds Cry (1990). In 1991, she landed the main role in Lost Love.
1992–1998: Television series and film success
Kim is referred to as a "Pencil Board Star" of the 1980s due to the popularity of pencil boards printed with her image. She has also been named a part of the "Troika of the 1990s" in Korea along with her contemporaries Kim Hee-sun and Shim Eun-ha for their nationwide fame. In 1993, Kim led the main role in the film First Love and gained critical acclaim for her portrayal of the archetypal innocent girl, winning a Blue Dragon Film Award for Best Leading Actress and earning her the title "Nation's First Love" although the film was a box-office failure.
1999–2004: Development of her career
Over two decades, she amassed a sizeable filmography of leading and supporting roles, notably in the television series Did We Really Love? with Bae Yong-joon and Revenge and Passion with Ahn Jae-wook, as well as the film Tie a Yellow Ribbon (1998). In the 2000s, Kim focused more on her career in film rather than television, featuring in Kick the Moon, YMCA Baseball Team and Three. At this time, she reinvented her image as a glamorous and confident femme fatale in Hypnotized (2004),
2005–2011: Revival by Tazza
Kim's roles in The Red Shoes (2005) and Tazza: The High Rollers (2006) were her most recognised and ushered her into the highest ranks of the Korean film industry A-list. Various film roles followed, such as a housewife secretly dating a college student in A Good Day to Have an Affair; a non-plussed aunt in Shim's Family; a prostitute in Eleventh Mom and a bar singer in Modern Boy (2008). She considers her collaboration with Han Suk-kyu in 2010's Villain and Widow as one of the highlights of her acting career. In 2009, Kim returned to television with Style, which was set in the fashion industry. She followed that with the mystery melodrama Home Sweet Home in 2010.
A frequent host of film awards ceremonies and TV variety shows, Kim became a host of MBC current affairs show W in 2015. Kim, an avid documentary fan, was considered a perfect it for the programme as it shifted its focus more to environmental and global issues. W with Kim Hye-soo premiered in July 2010, but was cancelled in October 2010, with Kim criticizing the network's decision.
2012–2015: Film success
In 2012, she reunited with Tazza director Choi Dong-hoon in The Thieves. Set amongst the casinos of Macau, the heist film became one of the highest-grossing films in Korean cinema history. Kim won the Award for Best Actress in a Film at the 20th Korean Culture and Entertainment Awards This was followed with a supporting role in Han Jae-rim's historical film The Face Reader.
In 2013, she headlined the romantic comedy The Queen of Office (also known as Goddess of the Workplace), an adaptation of the 2007 Japanese drama Haken no Hinkaku ("Pride of the Temp").
Kim next starred in Coin Locker Girl (also known as Chinatown) in 2015, the rare female-driven noir film. She said she didn't mind looking unattractive for her role as a ruthless crime boss, with makeup artists adding age spots to her face, gray to her hair, and flab to her stomach and hips with prostheses. Kim said it was "mentally agonizing" deciding whether to accept the role, but once she did, she felt "a surge of excitement" every time she stepped onto the set, and considered the film "a new challenge that (made her) heart race and (scared her) at the same time."
2016–present: Return to television and film
Kim made her small-screen comeback in 2016 with tvN's Signal, which was both critically and commercially successful. Kim as Cha Soo-hyun, acted opposite Lee Je-hoon and Cho Jin-woong as the first female police officer in the Special Task Force, later becoming the leader of the Seoul Cold Case Aquad. She won Best Actress at the 52nd Baeksang Arts Awards and the tvN10 Awards for her performance.
Kim then starred in the comedy drama Familyhood, a film directed by Kim Tae-gon, co-starring Ma Dong-seok and Kim Hyun-soo. Kim was nominated for Best Actress at 25th Buil Film Awards, 37th Blue Dragon Film Awards, and the 53rd Baeksang Arts Awards
In 2017, Kim also starred in the noir film A Special Lady. Directed by Lee An-gyu, Kim played Na Hyun-jung,a woman who becomes the second-in-command of a gangster organization-turned-leading business entity, opposite Lee Sun-kyun and Lee Hee-joon.
"Kim Hye-soo's Refugee Diary" was a documentary that aired on KBS1 in September 2017. Directed by Park Hye-ryeong, Jang Hyun-ho, and Lee Byung-han, with the script written by Kwon Hyeon-jeong. The documentary followed Kim Hye-soo's visits to refugees who had survived near-death experiences in the Mediterranean. During her travels in June 2017 to Serbia, Italy, and Greece, which were major refugee destinations, she witnessed the challenges faced by refugees. Despite restrictions, the number of refugees, especially children, continued to rise. Kim Hye-soo shared vivid stories of their journeys and expressed admiration for their resilience, particularly among children living alone without family or guardians.
In 2018, Kim starred in the IMF crisis film, Default, alongside Yoo Ah-in. She was nominated for Best Actress at the 55th Baeksang Arts Awards. Then she was cast in the science fiction film Return.
in June 2019, Kim signed on to appear in The Day I Died: Unclosed Case, Park Ji-wan's directorial debut. The film was released on November 12, 2020. Kim was nominated at the 57th Baeksang Arts Awards for the Best Actress in a Film category.
In 2020, Kim starred in the legal drama Hyena. She played Jung Geum-ja, a hyena who chased money and success no matter the cost. It aired on SBS TV from February 21 to April 11, 2020. She was nominated for Best Actress at the 56th Baeksang Arts Awards. She was honoured with Excellence Award at the 2020 Asia Contents Awards & Global OTT Awards for her performance in Hyena.
In March 2022, Kim gained international recognition for her lead role as judge Shim Eun-seok in the Netflix series Juvenile Justice, the most popular non-English show for two weeks straight. She was nominated for Best Actress at the 58th Baeksang Arts Awards. The same year she starred in the tvN historical drama Under the Queen's Umbrella as Queen Im Hwa-ryeong.
Public image and character
Kim has been a popular Korean sex symbol since she wore a low-cut dress as a Blue Dragon Film Awards host and Best Actress winner in 1993, and came to epitomize the era's sexual revolution.
Kim is known for caring about younger actors, and has been described by co-star Ma Dong-seok in Familyhood (2016) to be "the most considerate person to care for others." Her co-star Lee Sang-hee in the TV series Juvenile Justice said "Kim would write down unknown actors' names when she thought their acting was good, so that she could recommend them for suitable scripts in the future." Many actresses, including Son Ye-jin, Han Ji-min, Kim Nam-joo, and Yum Jung-ah have expressed special thanks and gratitude to Kim for her care.
Kim has a bachelor's in theater and film from Dongguk University. In 2013, Kim admitted to having plagiarized her master's thesis "A Study on Actor Communication," with parts copied verbatim from at least four books. She apologized for her actions, which she said stemmed from her busy schedule and ignorance of the seriousness of plagiarism. Kim consequently forfeited her master's degree in journalism and mass communications.
Relationships
Kim and character actor Yoo Hae-jin first met in 2001 after shooting the film Kick the Moon and became close in 2006 after appearing together in Tazza: The High Rollers. Rumors of the two dating surfaced starting 2008 although both continuously denied any romantic involvement until early 2010 when paparazzi photographs of the two were released, and the couple officially confirmed their relationship. Kim and Yoo broke up in 2011.
Philanthropy
In 2008, Kim donated the full amount of the narration fees of the documentary film "Forgiveness, Are You at the End of the Way" to the crime victim support fund.
In April, 2009, Kim displayed her pop art at the Seoul Open Art Fair. One of her collage paintings was sold for, and she donated the sum to charity.
On July 7, 2009, Kim participated in the "Style Meets Art" campaign co-hosted by cable channel OnStyle and Korean National Commission for UNESCO and donated the proceeds of her donated works to the Korean National Commission for UNESCO.
Kim donated for forest fire victims affected by the Goseong Fire of 2019.
In 2020, when the COVID-19 pandemic exposed a shortage of masks, Kim donated to Hope Bridge Disaster Relief Association.
On March 7, 2022, Kim donated to the Hope Bridge Disaster Relief Association to help the victims of the 2022 Uljin and Samcheok wildfire as emergency relief funds.
On August 9, 2022, Kim donated to help those affected by the 2022 South Korean floods through the Hope Bridge Korea Disaster Relief Association.
On February 10, 2023, Kim donated through UNICEF to help children who were effected by 2023 Turkey–Syria earthquake and in the same month Kim posted a photo of the briquette service, which were the briquettes she donated.
On July 17, 2023, Kim donated to aid recovery from the 2023 South Korea floods through Hope Bridge National Disaster Relief Association. | WIKI |
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Three simple yet effective tools for helping a child through a panic attack
Canva
The first time one of my kids had a panic attack, I didn't have any idea what to do. The pounding heartbeat, racing thoughts, shortness of breath, and feeling like you're losing control are disconcerting symptoms for adults to experience, but they're even more alarming for a child who doesn't know why it's happening. As a parent, it's scary not knowing how to help your child when they clearly need help.
The exact cause of panic disorder is unknown, but experts estimate it affects close to 4 percent of the population. Like other anxiety disorders, it also tends to run in families, which appears to be the case for my kiddos. But even people who don't have a full-fledged disorder can occasionally experience a panic attack, and it's good to know what actually helps.
My youngest was around six years old when he had his first bout of panic. It wasn't long after we'd tucked him into bed when he called for me with a shaky urgency in his voice. When I got to his room, he said he couldn't breathe and that his heart was going really fast. "I don't know what's going on," he said through chattering teeth. "My whole body won't stop shaking and I'm freaking out."
I immediately recognized the signs of panic, having gone through it with his older sister, but he was a lot younger than she had been when she had her first episode. Thankfully, the tools we used with her also worked with him.
Here's how we help our kids through a panic attack:
1) Verbalize what's happening to them.
Panic attacks are intense for the person experiencing them and saying something like "Calm down" isn't really helpful. They want to calm down, they just can't.
For our kids, explaining exactly what's happening, what they can expect to happen, and what they actually can control is the first step toward regaining calm. After the first time through it, they don't need this much detail, but here's a basic script of where we started:
"You're okay, even though it doesn't feel like it. You're just having a panic attack. The fear part of your brain is sort of stuck for a bit, and it keeps revving up your body. It's like your brain thinks there's a tiger chasing you, even though there isn't. That makes your heart beat really fast and makes it hard to breathe. You might feel like you're losing control. You might even feel like you're going crazy. But it'll pass soon, I promise. Panic attacks are just temporary glitches. Your brain and body will calm back own, usually within ten minutes or so. Let's work on helping you feel better while it works its way out of your system."
2) Use "box breathing" to help them catch their breath.
Breathing intentionally is one of the quickest ways to reset when your body is in a heightened state. The best technique we've encountered for this is an exercise called "box breathing" or "square breathing." It's actually a tool Navy Seals use to keep calm under stress, but it's so simple even kids can use it.
Slowly draw the shape of a square in the air, starting from the bottom left-hand corner. As you draw the first line upward, have your child breathe in for a count of five. Then have them hold their breath while you draw the top line, then exhale while you draw down the right side. Finally, have them hold the exhale while completing the square with the bottom line. Then repeat—breathe in, hold, breath out, hold. Around four or five seconds for each breath and hold wonders for getting breathing under control, which helps calm the brain and body.
Here's a quick video that shows how it works. (With our kids, I usually draw the box for them while talking them through the breaths and holds at first, then have them start drawing the box with me as they start to calm down.)
Box breathing relaxation technique: how to calm feelings of stress or anxietyyoutu.be
3) Ground them in reality with the "4-3-2-1" exercise.
Panic is the brain gripped by a state of fear that doesn't reflect what's actually happening. It's basically the amygdala—the fight or flight center of the brain—wigging out for no apparent reason. The intense fear triggers the fight or flight response, forming a sort of feedback loop, with the body freaking out because the brain's freaking out, which makes the body freak out, and so on.
Getting the brain to focus on the body's physical senses can help break that loop and bring the body and brain back to a state of calm (or at least calmer). For this, we use a simple grounding exercise we call "4-3-2-1." (What we do is a variation of the 5-4-3-2-1 method developed by Captain Tom Bunn to help people cope with a fear of flying. You can see that method here.)
Have the child look for and then name, out loud:
- Four things they can see. ("I see my lamp. I see the cat. I see the window. I see my teddy bear.").
- Three things they can feel. ("I feel my pillow. I feel your hand. I feel the sheets.")
- Two things they can hear. ("I hear cars outside. I hear the heater running.")
- One thing they can smell. ("I smell your lotion.")
I always have the kids say a full sentence for each thing they count, as that reinforces the physical aspect of the exercise. Without fail, my kiddos are always calmer when they get to what they can smell. Super simple, but super effective.
It's important to note that these exercises don't stop an attack in its tracks. Panic usually just has to run its course. What they do is take the edge off, make the attack more tolerable, and help the kiddo wait it out without feeling like they have no control at all while it's happening.
Panic attacks and anxiety attacks (which share similar symptoms and can respond to the same tools) aren't fun for kids or for parents. But when a kid knows what's happening and a parent has tools to help them manage it, they're a lot less scary for everyone involved.
via UNSW
This article originally appeared on 07.10.21
Dr. Daniel Mansfield and his team at the University of New South Wales in Australia have just made an incredible discovery. While studying a 3,700-year-old tablet from the ancient civilization of Babylon, they found evidence that the Babylonians were doing something astounding: trigonometry!
Most historians have credited the Greeks with creating the study of triangles' sides and angles, but this tablet presents indisputable evidence that the Babylonians were using the technique 1,500 years before the Greeks ever were.
Keep ReadingShow less
This article originally appeared on 09.08.16
92-year-old Norma had a strange and heartbreaking routine.
Every night around 5:30 p.m., she stood up and told the staff at her Ohio nursing home that she needed to leave. When they asked why, she said she needed to go home to take care of her mother. Her mom, of course, had long since passed away.
Behavior like Norma's is quite common for older folks suffering from Alzheimer's or other forms of dementia. Walter, another man in the same assisted living facility, demanded breakfast from the staff every night around 7:30.
Keep ReadingShow less | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
• Status: Solved
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ISP Blacklisted
One of our email client's ISP's assigned IP address is blacklisted. The Email client's Header include the IP address of client computer, which is blacklisted and can't send email to other domains.
Is there any way around? because He can restart router and get a different IP from ISP but as this is not the fix. He might get another blacklisted IP at another reboot.
0
GuildOfDruids
Asked:
GuildOfDruids
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• +2
1 Solution
MariusSunchaserCommented:
Well, you should approach your client's ISP and tell him about this problem.
Ask his ISP to make a reservation in the DHCP server for your client's MAC address with a good IP.
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nappy_dCommented:
When you say "the client computer IP address", is this the not routable IP or do you all of your computers have Public IPs or is this the IP of your email server?
What email server are you using?
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GuildOfDruidsAuthor Commented:
I host the client emails, which is exchange server with X.X.X.X IP address. but the client' public IP address Y.Y.Y.Y which is assigned by ISP is blacklisted. so whenever he try to send email the outlook/thunderBird, attach the this blacklisted IP with the email headers, and as the Mailservers check the header and test all the header IP addresses with blacklisted so it reject the email.
Is there any way to fix it?
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nappy_dCommented:
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++PLEASE ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS BELOW+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
OK but is the IP a public IP or a private IP that is shown. Go here:
Also,
Is the computer or user on your LAN or remote?
Have you checked their computer for bots, viruses and malware?
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MariusSunchaserCommented:
Why do you want to solve a problem that it's not your own?
If the ISP assigned a blacklisted IP, they need to assign a good one. If one of your users did something to get it blacklisted, then you should check the IP, see where it is listed, go to each list and un-list it.
I don't think you want to do that and to explain why is your IP listed there if it's not the fault of your users.
Here is one of the sites where I check the IPs:
http://www.dnsbl.com/
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GuildOfDruidsAuthor Commented:
nappy_d
--> My email server IP is not blacklisted, I have checked in the website you mentioned.
--> The client IP is the Public IP which is routable.
--> Spamhaus-ZEN LISTED Detail
Return codes were: 127.0.0.10 1800 891
--> This is the IP block which is assigned by ISP http://www.spamhaus.org/pbl/query/PBL234472
I hope it covers all the questions.
MariusSuncha&
You are right it's not my problem, but still I have to deal with it, as the client doesn't know anything about it, as they want me to fix the problem. as I'm the captain of this ship.
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nappy_dCommented:
MariusSunchaser,
This is why we are in this industry. Do you ask a doctor why he solves a problem that is not his? no you let him do his job. EE was created so that Other who have experience with issue share and help others solve their issues. I think if that is the attitude you will take, maybe you are in the wrong industry.
GuildOfDruids,
Highly strange doubt that the ISP assigned a blacklisted IP. More questions below:
• Is your client hosting their own mail server at their site?
• Have you scanned their computers and network for viruses, bots and malware?
• have you blocked port 25 from connecting to the internet from the LAN computers except from their mail server, if they have one?
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GuildOfDruidsAuthor Commented:
--> Is your client hosting their own mail server at their site?
------¬ NO the email server is hosted by me, so the client connect from remote location using outlook[pop3].
--> Have you scanned their computers and network for viruses, bots and malware?
------¬ I don't think as they have any maleware problem, but still I will advise him to scan his PC.
--> have you blocked port 25 from connecting to the internet from the LAN computers except from their mail server, if they have one?
------¬NO SMTP port is open worldwide, and they don't have any SMTP server at their end.
How to you make the fonts and here in EE? (my irrelevant question)
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nappy_dCommented:
Irrelevant Answer :) Look for a setting just above the comment box on the right and switch from Pain to Rich text.
• Can you post some headers in a zipped text file? If your client is going thru your exchange box, I can't for the life of me see them being blocked...(but I could be wrong)
• Definitely scan their computer use every scanner you can think of
• on their firewall I would like to suggest if it is possible, only allow SMTP access to your site for mail, if you are their host
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MesthaCommented:
Most IP addresses assigned to residential clients will be on a blacklist - the DUL - dial up list. As long as the user is sending email via either their ISPs SMTP server or an SMTP server under your control, the email will be delivered. ISPs do not look at the original source of the message for blacklisting, all they are concerned about is where the connection is coming from.
Is the user actually getting back an NDR that states the blacklist involved?
On the NDR it will have a server listed - that will be the server/IP address that is blacklisted.
-M
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MariusSunchaserCommented:
nappy_d:
I didn't question your way of doing things, and I didn't make any comment about you or your attitude.
I do things in a professional matter and I will take the time to explain to you why GuildOfDruids should do what I suggested in my previous posts.
Like you figured it out so far, the ISP of his client assigns public IPs by DHCP. So each time his client renews his IP, it is *highly* probable that he gets a blacklisted IP.
Now, in order for him to solve this, he must clear the bad IP he gets from all the blacklists. I will quote just a small thing he must agree to in order to do that:
"By removing your IP address from the PBL database you are assuming responsibility for any Spam that may later originate from the IP address. If spam is then detected from an IP address excluded from PBL, it may be listed in SBL or XBL under the criteria of those lists."
Now, what happens next time he renews the IP? He looses the cleared IP (that might get to a spammer and he takes responsability for it) and if he gets another bad IP, he repeats all that.
What are you suggesting? Him to constantly clear and take responsability for all the ISP's class?
That's why the best thing to do is to assure that he starts with a clean IP, keep that clean IP and go from there. It's very likely that all this troubleshooting process he is doing is for nothing, and it's not even his client fault.
Anyway, he is free to take any advice he wants, and I will retire from this conversation.
Have a nice day.
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GuildOfDruidsAuthor Commented:
Here are the email headers and the users sometime get NDR sometime doesn't as It depends on mail server policies.
--------------------Email Headers------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Microsoft Mail Internet Headers Version 2.0
Received: from mail pickup service by mail.mydomain.com with Microsoft SMTPSVC;
Thu, 12 Feb 2009 10:25:05 +0000
Thread-Topic: me@mydomain.com - Sending mail server found on dnsbl.ahbl.org - Re: test
Received: from [192.168.0.16] ([90.214.154.235]) by mail.mydomain.com with Microsoft SMTPSVC(6.0.3790.3959); Thu, 12 Feb 2009 10:25:03 +0000
Message-ID: <4993F899.4000507@sender-domain.com>
Date: Thu, 12 Feb 2009 10:23:21 +0000
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.3790.4133
From: Sender-Client
User-Agent: Thunderbird 2.0.0.19 (Windows/20081209)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: me
Subject: me@mydomain.com - Sending mail server found on dnsbl.ahbl.org - Re: test
References: <5DD5BFD98AEF5B4FBA712BC4EA8ED8469D6DFB@mx-mail.mydomain.com>
In-Reply-To: <5DD5BFD98AEF5B4FBA7S2AC4EA8ED8469D6DFB@mx-mail.mydomain.com>
Content-Type: text/plain;
format=flowed;
charset="ISO-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Return-Path:
X-OriginalArrivalTime: 12 Feb 2009 10:25:03.0682 (UTC) FILETIME=[2AF07A30:01C98CFC]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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GuildOfDruidsAuthor Commented:
Yeah you are right, I spoke to customer and told him to get a static clean IP from ISP. Which solved the problem and is the only fix.
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adrimansscCommented:
E-mail Blacklist. Check your IP in multiple DNSBLs, multiple blacklist check
http://www.myiptest.com/staticpages/index.php/check-Blacklisted-IP-DNSBL
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This is a common question, and dentists understand how painful and difficult dealing with tooth sensitivity can be. Nothing beats an ice-cold beverage during summertime or a hot drink that calms and comforts the entire body in the cold.
It is aggravating to have dental sensitivity that prohibits you from drinking your favorite beverages, but you are not alone.
In the United States, up to 45 million people suffer from temperature-related tooth sensitivity, and the majority of these instances can be treated at home. However, a dentist should be consulted in some circumstances. At times, there may be an underlying cause for the issue, which only a dentist can determine correctly and proceed with the required treatment.
Why are my Teeth Sensitive?
When you go to a dental office for this treatment, the dentist will first figure out what is causing the issue. To understand the usual underlying causes of sensitivity, it is important to know the anatomy of a tooth.
There are three layers to each tooth. The enamel, a strong outer covering that protects the softer interior layers of teeth, is the tooth’s protection system. The dentin, a tooth layer immediately beneath the enamel, comprises a network of small tubes that go to the pulp, the tooth’s deepest layer. The pulp is where the tooth’s nerve system is located. When cells within the dentin layers of teeth or the tooth’s nerve are stimulated by a hot or cold beverage, dental sensitivity to temperature develops.
If you are suffering from tooth sensitivity due to cold, then you may ask what causes sensitive teeth. In case of cold-related sensitivity, the causes may include:
• Tooth decay causes cavities in your teeth, which react to the cold temperature because the inner part of the teeth becomes exposed
• Gum disease involves plaque build-up on teeth, especially along the gum line. The build-up is an early sign of the disease, and high quantities of plaque on tooth surfaces can cause cold sensitivity
• Too much pressure on the teeth, abrasive kinds of toothpaste, and brushing with a firm-bristles toothbrush can all wear down tooth enamel, causing cold sensitivity
• Teeth grinding and clenching — commonly known as bruxism — causes tooth enamel loss, chips in teeth, and other dental issues that lead to cold sensitivity
• Gum tissue recession causes irritation in the nerve of the tooth. Because the thinnest section of the enamel protects the tooth roots, teeth are more likely to be sensitive to cold when the gums recede, exposing the roots
• As the tooth enamel expands and contracts in response to temperature variations, little cracks or crevices can develop into bigger fissures. Cold sensitivity can be caused by these fissures, which provide another access point to the tooth’s nerve
Symptoms of Tooth Sensitivity
When exposed to heat or cold, the major symptom of dental sensitivity is tooth pain. Many patients report sharp pain. After drinking hot or cold beverages, some people experience a dull, lasting discomfort. In many circumstances, the amount of time you suffer temperature sensitivity following exposure determines the treatment method for tooth sensitivity.
If you have tooth sensitivity that is not going away and worsening, you can seek dental care in Chula Vista at Dr. Nick Addario’s dental clinic. Please call or visit to learn more or book your appointment. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Speeding Up Webpack, Typescript Incremental Builds by 7x
Ken
6 min readApr 6, 2018
What if I told you your Webpack is doing too much work all this time? Webpack 4 brought a lot of goodies for developers but to use it at scale, the Outlook team at Microsoft had to take a hard look at the incremental build numbers to find out. Here’s how we made our incremental builds go from 35s to a consistent 5s.
I guess it goes without saying that you MUST measure in order for you to know you have made progress!
Let’s name some enemies of incremental build speed:
1. stats.toJson()
2. Competing resolution logic between Webpack and its loaders (ts-loader)
3. Garbage Collection
4. Subtle v8 ES6 perfomance issues
The Base Line
To begin, there are already a few things beyond setting the mode in webpack.config.js we already apply so we’re not doing too much optimization during incremental builds:
optimization: {
removeAvailableModules: false,
removeEmptyChunks: false,
splitChunks: false,
}
Alright, so let’s establish the baseline by looking at a typical inner loop flame graph:
The flamegraph of a typical incremental build of our app
As you can see, we’re clocking in at around 40s here per incremental build. This is not exactly true because we lose about 5s of it due to profiling. In measuring with our internal telemetry, we noticed that our devs are hitting around 30–35s on avg (and sometimes over a minute at the 75th percentile) incremental builds.
So, as soon as you look at those colors, you would recognize three separate phases of the incremental build process. With this in mind, let’s tackle the first enemy.
Enemy #1: stats.toJson is VERY heavy in WP4
If you were looking at the the CPU profile flame graph, you would notice that the last phase of the process is dominated by a bunch of stats.toJson calls. Where does it come from? It’s right inside webpack-dev-server’s Server.js:
const clientStats = { errorDetails: false };...comp.hooks.done.tap('webpack-dev-server', (stats) => {
this._sendStats(this.sockets, stats.toJson(clientStats));
this._stats = stats;
});
The issue here is that Webpack 4 gave toJson a lot more information, but it also regressed the performance tremendously as a result. The fix is in a pull request:
This is the big one — it brought our incremental speeds from 30s to around 15s.
Update: the webpack-dev-server maintainers had accepted my patch! So, go ahead and use webpack-dev-server@3.1.2. Personally, I have observed a slight 0.5s regression between 2.x release and the 3.x release, so we’re keeping the 2.x for now until we can move to using webpack-serve.
Since we’re waiting for the authors to merge this for v2, I’ve published a temporary fork for it for the v2 branch:
For the fix on v2, you’ll have to use the node API to take advantage of it like this package in your build process:
'use strict';const Webpack = require('webpack');
const WebpackDevServer = require('webpack-dev-server-speedy');
const webpackConfig = require('./webpack.config');
const compiler = Webpack(webpackConfig);
const devServerOptions = Object.assign({}, webpackConfig.devServer, {
stats: {
colors: true
}
});
const server = new WebpackDevServer(compiler, devServerOptions);
server.listen(8080, '127.0.0.1', () => {
console.log('Starting server on http://localhost:8080');
});
Enemy #2: Competing resolution logic between Webpack and ts-loader
If I were to ask you to build an incremental compiler based on Typescript, you would likely first reach into the Typescript API for something that it is using for its watch mode. For the longest time, Typescript safe guarded this API from external modules. During this time, ts-loader was born. The author of the loader tracked the progress of another Typescript-centric loader called awesome-typescript-loader and brought back the idea of doing type checking on a separate thread. This transpileOnly flag worked remarkably well (with a rather glaring caveat that const enums are not supported out of the box — here’s a workaround from the ts-jest repo) until the codebase reaches a certain size.
In OWA, we have nearly 9000 modules that we shove across this loader. We have found that the first phase of that incremental build is linearly growing as our repo grows.
Things looked pretty grim until the Typescript team decided to take on this mammoth work of expose the watch API to external modules. Specifically, after this was merged, ts-loader is super charged with the ability to limit the amount of modules to transpile at a time per iteration!
We just add this to our webpack config module.rules:
{
test: /\.tsx?$/,
use: [
{
loader: 'ts-loader',
options: {
transpileOnly: true,
experimentalWatchApi: true,
},
},
],
}
Don’t forget to the typechecker when appropriate: https://www.npmjs.com/package/fork-ts-checker-webpack-plugin (we have a mode to turn type checker OFF for even faster rebuilds)
The incremental builds now only rebuilds around 30–40 modules rather than 50% of our modules! I also have a way to CAP the growth of the incremental builds in the first phase.
This optimization cuts our 15s to around 8s.
Enemy #3: Garbage Collection
So Garbage Collection is a great invention. But not in a tight loop. Perhaps there’s a perf bug inside node or v8, but I’ve discovered that a global string.replace(/…/g, ‘…..’) can cause a lot of GC when placed inside a loop. Webpack 4 introduced the path info in the generated dev mode replacing module ids with more useful path info. This is done with, you guessed it, global string replace with regex. It then created a LOT of unnecessary GCs along the way. (as an aside, perhaps I should file a bug against either Webpack, node, or v8…)
Okay, let’s turn that sucker off in webpack.config.js in the output.pathinfo:
output: {
pathinfo: false
}
Just ask yourself if you REALLY need that pathinfo or that build speed. For us, we chose speed. This made our 8s builds to around 6s
Enemy #4: Subtle v8 ES6 perfomance issues
Most everyone would be pleased with that 6s figure, but why should we humans not demand MOAR? Yes, MOAR speed!!!
In chatting with a colleague of mine, John-David Dalton, about his project, esm, he told me about node.js performance issues with ES6 data structures like Map and Set. Having dug into Webpack source code previously and by looking at the remaining profile slowdowns (looking at the “heavy” or “bottom-up”), I noticed that Webpack’s internal algorithm is dominated by calling their SortableSet methods. Since SortableSet extends Set, it would follow that Webpack is actually greatly affected by the speed of the Map/Set implementation of V8. Here’s the bug:
So, I advise everyone doing heavy Webpack development to switch BACK to node v8.9.4 for now.
Using that version, the incremental build is down to 4.5s
Why? Inventing on Principle!
Finally, I want to leave you with the best motivation on why we should reduce this incremental build speeds down to almost nothing:
Hey! follow me on twitter @kenneth_chau to get more articles like these :)
--
-- | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Andre Morgan
Travis Urch
This article is about the Nigerian rapper. For other uses, see Travis Urch(disambiguation). Mafiamusic005 (talk) 01:53, 1 January 2023 (UTC)
* This article has nothing to do with the name "Travis Urch" or a Nigerian rapper. why are you bringing them up here??? Data Devourer (talk) 21:33, 19 February 2024 (UTC) | WIKI |
Index talk:A Voyage in Space (1913).djvu
Index
What about the index (dvjupage 320 and next)? One column or two? --Dick Bos (talk) 19:05, 17 December 2015 (UTC)
* One column - makes transclusion much easier. Beeswaxcandle (talk) 06:46, 18 December 2015 (UTC)
* Ok. Thanks. --Dick Bos (talk) 10:02, 18 December 2015 (UTC) | WIKI |
Emberjs leaflet - object as parameter
Hello, I am new to emberjs and am creating an emberjs-leaflet and emberjs-leaflet-draw application as frontend to an api.
I have this code to init the map in the template
{{#leaflet-map lat=lat lng=lng zoom=zoom}} {{tile-layer url=“http://{s}.basemaps.cartocdn.com/light_all/{z}/{x}/{y}.png”}} {{draw-control draw=draw}} {{/leaflet-map}}
and i want to pass to draw an object of options so i use this controller
import Controller from ‘@ember/controller’;
export default Controller.extend({ lat: 45.519743, lng: -122.680522, zoom: 10, draw: { polyline: false, circle: false, rectangle: false, marker: false }, });
but i get an error
error Only string, number, symbol, boolean, null, undefined, and function are allowed as default properties ember/avoid-leaking-state-in-ember-objects
How can i pass such options or even more compicated ones?
Sadly the documentation and demos links for https://www.npmjs.com/package/ember-leaflet-draw do not work.
The error is just an ESLint error telling you to avoid leaking state when creating objects. In this case you’re creating a controller and the ‘draw’ property is being initialized as an object. Technically this will still work but it can leak state between objects (see the eslint guide and also the dockyard article it links). To fix it you can follow the example in the guide, which would yield something like this:
import Controller from ‘@ember/controller’;
export default Controller.extend({
lat: 45.519743,
lng: -122.680522,
zoom: 10,
init() {
this._super(...arguments);
this.draw = {
polyline: false,
circle: false,
rectangle: false,
marker: false
};
}
}); | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
These Stocks Have Quadrupled Since Last Year
Stocks have been extremely strong, with the market having seen impressive results over the past eight years since the financial crisis. Yet some individual stocks have crushed the overall market with outrageous gains. Weight Watchers International (NYSE: WTW) , Esperion Therapeutics (NASDAQ: ESPR) , and Health Insurance Innovations (NASDAQ: HIIQ) have all managed to quadruple or more in just 12 months. Investors who've seen these stocks for the first time recently want to know if they can score any further gains from these companies. Below, we'll look more closely at them to see whether there's anything left in the tank for these high-flyers.
WTW data by YCharts .
Weight Watchers gains momentum
Weight Watchers International has gotten a lot of attention in recent years, notably from the presence of high-profile investor Oprah Winfrey. Yet even though Winfrey's initial investment earned a lot of exposure for the company, Weight Watchers has continued its upward momentum purely from business results.
In the first quarter of 2017, Weight Watchers reported an impressive 16% rise in subscribers, reaching the 3.6 million mark and rising for the sixth straight quarter. The positive sentiment from a rising audience and an increase in paid weeks for weight loss programs offered by Weight Watchers continued into June, lifting the stock still higher , and the second quarter brought even better results . Looking ahead, Weight Watchers has a new CEO, plans to update its programs, make enhancements to its digital offerings, and expects to make meetings more useful for its members. That's a potential recipe for success going forward, and it's why investors are excited about Weight Watchers right now.
Image source: Weight Watchers.
Esperion gets to the heart of the matter
Esperion Therapeutics has focused its attention on developing drugs to battle cardiovascular disease, and like most biopharmaceutical companies, Esperion needs to show successes in its pipeline in order to make progress toward reaching its long-term goals. Back in February, investors started bidding up the stock after a similar treatment from a rival drugmaker raised the chances that its cholesterol-lowering treatment , bempedoic acid, would eventually gain approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
That excitement got stronger heading into spring, as Esperion specifically said that it expected the FDA to accept a New Drug Application for the treatment based on data from the trials it was conducting, with an anticipated timeline of 2019. Fears about the ability for Esperion to have strong pricing power moderated those gains somewhat, but favorable trial results released earlier this month gave bullish investors reason to celebrate again . With a long timeline ahead of it, Esperion shares could see volatility in either direction, but if the trials keep going well, then further gains are quite possible.
Health Insurance Innovations sees strong demand
Finally, Health Insurance Innovations is the big winner on this list, having jumped more than 500% in the past year. The provider of short-term health insurance and hospital indemnity plans has seen a big jump in demand for its policies, and the corresponding rise in revenue and profits made the stock extremely intriguing. Just about the only hiccup in its share-price advance came in March, when company founder Mike Kosloske sold about $42 million in stock in a secondary offering.
Further gains have come due to the flexibility of Health Insurance Innovations' plan offerings compared to traditional health insurance. Even as healthcare reform efforts have moved forward in fits and starts, Health Insurance Innovations has catered to those who need supplemental coverage to their regular insurance or need specialized products like dental insurance. No matter whether Obamacare or Trumpcare end up being the law of the land for healthcare, Health Insurance Innovations seems poised to be able to tailor its offerings to meet its customers' needs.
Stocks like these inevitably appear in long bull markets, and each of the three companies has a lot going for them. As long as the favorable conditions that have spurred their respective gains remain in place, the potential for further share-price appreciation will be there for investors looking to get into these stocks now.
10 stocks we like better than Weight Watchers International
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Dan Caplinger has no position in any stocks mentioned. The Motley Fool has no position in any of the stocks mentioned. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy .
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
User:Luxury in Tuscany/sandbox
Mario Bemer Florentine Master Artisan Shoemaker Founded the original bespoke men's shoe Atelier in Oltrarno, Florence, with his brother Stefano. After his brother's passing he continued carrying on the philosophy of true handcrafted shoemaking with his assistant Seiji Miyagawa. He now dedicates his time to educating and sharing his knowledge on handcrafted shoemaking and high end leather accessories. He hopes to transmit this passion to the younger generations interested in this historic craft. | WIKI |
Opinion | A Warlord’s Reality Show
Editorial The notion of Ramzan Kadyrov, the leader of Chechnya, seeking to remake his image through a Donald Trump-like reality show would be mildly amusing if his rule were not so obscenely brutal and corrupt. “The Team,” in which the losing contestant’s name is scrawled with a gold pen — the equivalent of “You’re fired” — doesn’t even begin to approach reality. Bludgeoning would be more like it. The North Caucasus republic of Chechnya was wracked by two vicious wars with Russia and factional struggles in the decades after the breakup of the Soviet Union, and on succeeding his assassinated father as the regional leader, Mr. Kadyrov, backed by President Vladimir Putin of Russia, imposed a ruthless one-man rule based on a cult of personality and marked by pervasive corruption and appalling human rights abuses. Reports of killings, torture, rape and kidnappings by Mr. Kadyrov’s paramilitary forces are numerous, and he has been personally implicated by human rights groups in several of them. Chechens who opposed his rule have been assassinated abroad, and Chechen hit men have been implicated in a number of killings outside Chechnya, including that of the Russian opposition politician Boris Nemtsov last year. At the same time, Mr. Kadyrov has accumulated enormous wealth, much of it apparently by helping himself to the hefty subsidies paid to Chechnya by Russia. Mr. Kadyrov is also obsessed with his image, regaling the more than two million people who follow him on Instagram with a torrent of images and posts. These have ranged from rifle cross hairs superimposed on a video of a politician to an appeal for information about his missing cat. That cat proved irresistible to the comedian John Oliver, who suggested that it was not a good idea to leave someone like Mr. Kadyrov feeling anxious. Why Mr. Kadyrov has decided to star on a reality show is not clear, but the need to remake his image was clearly part of it. On one episode, he argued that his image as a murderer and torturer was created by “liberals” and “enemies of the people, enemies of our state.” “On the contrary,” he continued, “people run to me. They hug me.” There may be Chechens who run to Mr. Kadyrov and hug him, given what happens to anyone who shows the slightest dissatisfaction with his rule. But many more have run the other way. At least a quarter of a million Chechens have sought asylum in the West since 2000. “The Team” is not likely to convince them it’s safe to return. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Diff. Geom, Math. Phys., PDE Seminar: Robert McCann
• Date: 01/03/2019
• Time: 15:30
Lecturer(s):
Robert McCann, University of Toronto
Location:
University of British Columbia
Topic:
Optimal transportation between unequal dimensions
Description:
In the last few decades, the theory of optimal transportation has blossomed into a powerful tool for exploring applications both within and outside mathematics. Its impact is felt in such far flung areas as geometry, analysis, dynamics, partial differential equations, economics, machine learning, weather prediction, and computer vision. The basic problem is to transport one probability density onto other, while minimizing a given cost c(x,y) per unit transported. In the vast majority of applications, the probability densities live on spaces with the same (finite) dimension. After briefly surveying a few highlights from this theory, we focus our attention on what can be said when the densities instead live on spaces with two different (yet finite) dimensions. Although the answer can still be characterized as the solution to a fully nonlinear differential equation, it now becomes badly nonlocal in general. Remarkably however, one can identify conditions under which the equation becomes local, elliptic, and amenable to further analysis.
Other Information:
Location: MATH 105 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Banco Bradesco
The Banco Bradesco S.A. is a Brazilian financial services company headquartered in Osasco, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. It is the third largest banking institution by assets in Brazil and Latin America. It is also one of fifty most valuable banks in the world. The bank is listed at the B3 in São Paulo, where it is part of the Índice Bovespa, in the New York Stock Exchange and in the Madrid Stock Exchange.
Its primary financial services revolve around commercial banking, offering Internet Banking, insurance, pension plans, annuities, credit card services (including football club affinity cards for fans) for customers, and savings bonds. The bank also provides personal and commercial loans, as well as leasing services. Bradesco is a pioneer in using the ATM biometric reading system in Brazil, which enables customers to be identified using the vascular pattern of their hands, serving as a complementary password, available at its 31,474 own ATMs and 5,549 ATMs of Banco24Horas, a Brazilian third-party ATM network.
Bradesco has 5,314 branches, 4,834 service branches and 38,430 banking correspondents. Bradesco customers can also use 34,859 automatic teller machines and 12,975 ATMs of the Banco24Horas. Internationally, Bradesco have one branch in New York, two branches in Grand Cayman, and banking or financial subsidiaries or affiliates in London, Luxembourg, Hong Kong, Buenos Aires, Grand Cayman, Tokyo and Mexico.
Banco Bradesco is constantly expanding and has recently acquired Banco do Estado do Maranhão, Banco Mercantil de São Paulo, Banco Ibi S.A., and the Brazilian operations of Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria (BBVA), J.P. Morgan Fleming Asset Management, American Express and HSBC Brasil. Banco Bradesco grew its value by more than 50 percent compared with 2017.
Currently the bank is on the top 3 of the most valuable Brazilian brands.
Slogan
Entre nós, você vem primeiro means "Between us, you come first" in Portuguese.
History
* March 10, 1943: Banco Brasileiro de Descontos S.A. founded by Amador Aguiar in Marília, in the state of São Paulo. The bank targets small landowners, retailers, and government employees.
* 1946: Banco Bradesco moves headquarters to São Paulo.
* 1951: Banco Bradesco grows to become the largest private bank in Brazil.
* 1953: Banco Bradesco moves headquarters to Cidade de Deus, Osasco, São Paulo.
* 1956: Amador Aguiar creates Fundação Bradesco, the biggest education program in Brazil.
* 1962: Banco Bradesco is the first Latin American company to buy a computer.
* 1968: Banco Bradesco launches the first credit card in Brazil.
* 1970s: Banco Bradesco acquires 17 banks throughout the country.
* 1978: Banco Bradesco branch no. 1000 is inaugurated in Chuí at the southern tip of Brazil.
* 1991: Amador Aguiar died at 86 in São Paulo.
* 1996: Banco Bradesco the first Latin American Internet Banking system.
* 1997: Banco Bradesco Banco BCN
* 2000: Banco Bradesco Argentina commences operations in Buenos Aires. Bradesco Securities commences operations in New York.
* 2010: Banco Bradesco buys Ibi Mexican (Ibi Services S. de R. L. México) subsidiary, also controlled by C&A.
* 2011: Banco Bradesco is ranked fourth among the world's 500 greenest companies and first among Brazilian companies, according to a list disclosed by Newsweek, prepared in partnership with the consulting firms Trucost and Sustainalyctis.
* 2015: Banco Bradesco buys HSBC Brazilian unit for $5.2 billion.
* 2019: Banco Bradesco buys american BAC Florida Bank from Nicaraguan Grupo Pellas for $500 million. Lázaro de Mello Brandão, President for 36 years, died aged 93.
* 2020: Banco Bradesco reaches agreement to acquire JPMorgan Chase & Co.'s Brazilian private banking clients. JPMorgan will continue to provide Brazilian clients with products and services abroad.
* 2021: Banco Bradesco buys minority stake in american fintech BCP Global.
* 2022: Banco Bradesco reaches agreement to acquire BNP Paribas Brazilian wealth management operations. BNP Paribas will continue to provide Brazilian clients with products and services abroad. BAC Florida Bank renamed Bradesco Bank.
* 2023: Bradesco celebrates 80th Anniversary | WIKI |
User:Turtleboy0
This is the last warning you will receive for your Wikipediholism. If you edit Wikipedia again, you will be a social outcast.
This page exists but there is very little content on it. Imagine what is not there that could be. actually, now it has a little "content" Turtle boy: not a boy, not a turtle, a turtle boy. Like batman or spider-man, but slower and unable to fly with any great speed. He has also been rumored to be friends with User:Bystanderd, although this is unconfirmed, and it is possible that his friend is actually one of the numerous recent editors of that page. However, it is confirmed that he is friends with User:Gus the mouse.
Look up in the sky! It's a hummingbird! Its a stationary helicopter! No! It's... It's... SUPERTURTLE!!!!! Able to fly at speeds of up to two (and a half) miles per hour! Able to leap over boulders in a single hour! And equipped with a mobile home with a home security system that not even bullets or sharks can penetrate!
Since I want to mess up xkcd, I am peristeronic as shit.
Good links
Wikipedia: Dream argument, Brain in a vat, Brfxxccxxmnpcccclllmmnprxvclmnckssqlbb11116, Ərəbocağı, Eastside Preparatory School, Shell theorem, Exploding whale, Globus Cassus, Kidz Bop Vandalism, Pictures for Rachael's Car, 5th Reich, Ghoughpteighbteau, Eigengrau
Pages I created: Marvin Stone, Stanley Watras, Template:Vandal-warning
Other: Fortune Teller, Phobia List
To Do List
* Reorganize my user page (It's a mess)
* New pictures
* Improve lists of links (maybe make a table)
* Add user boxes to my page from here and here (and here, I guess)
* Make my Watchlist
* Something else that I will remember as soon as I click "Save Page"
* Protect the article about my school from my friends who vandalize it
* Make random edits where ever I find the need.
* My math homework
* My other math homework
* Raise my GPA
* Take the Wikipediholism Test again
* Find out if User:Goldman60 is someone I know or not
* Check Facebook
* Organize the icons on my desktop
* Memorize the lyrics to "Mandelbrot Set" by Jonathan Coulton
some page -- Turtle Boy 0 22:38, 26 April 2009 (UTC) | WIKI |
Big Oil CEOs to huddle on sidelines of UN climate summit in September
CEOs of the world’s biggest oil companies will face critical questions from environmentalists at an invite-only forum Sept. 23 in New York City, on the sidelines of a major UN climate summit. Why it matters: The burning of fossil fuels that oil and gas companies produce is a big reason Earth’s temperature is rising, yet their products are also the foundation of the global economy. Whether you love or hate them, the role these companies play is inherent to addressing climate change, particularly in the absence of U.S. presidential leadership on the issue. Driving the news: Chevron CEO Michael Wirth is planning to attend for the first time, a spokesperson said. The CEOs of BP and Shell are also set to be there. The group hosting the invite-only dialogue, the Oil and Gas Climate Initiative, is funded by 13 of the world’s biggest oil and gas producers, with each of their CEOs invited to participate. Flashback: This year’s meeting is the second such one in the U.S. since the group launched five years ago. At last year’s NY event, 11 CEOs showed up, with just one from the newly joined U.S. members: Vicki Hollub, CEO of Occidental. For the record: An Occidental spokesperson declined to comment on whether Hollub will be there again. ExxonMobil, which joined the group last year too, also declined to comment on whether CEO Darren Woods will partake. Go deeper: Inside Big Oil’s emerging climate strategy Pressure grows around UN climate-change summit | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Laravel and Vue.JS: What’s Behind the Success of This Duo?
442
VIEWS
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Laravel and Vue.js belong to two different worlds. While Laravel is the best PHP framework, Vue.js is a well-known Javascript framework.
Now you must be wondering why we are bringing these two together.
What purpose gets solved by deciding to hire Laravel developers and Vue.js programmers together?
To know what wonders these two can together do, you have to go through a detailed overview of both. And, in this write-up, we will introduce you to all you need to know to bring the best use of this duo.
Let’s get started!
Laravel
Acquiring the position of the best, Laravel is an open-source and free PHP framework developed by Taylor Otwell. The intent behind developing Laravel is to improve productivity. The framework always keeps coming with new versions and updates, which has made it stay enriched with n number of functionalities. It is one of the most loved choices of developers worldwide.
Laravel also offers a bunch of features. Here are the top ones:
Template Engine
The lightweight templates of Laravel enable you to create astounding layouts by making use of dynamic content seeding. It also has various widgets with CSS and JS codes with solid structures. The Laravel templates are specialized in building simple layouts.
Eloquent ORM
PHP implements ORM (Object-Relational-Mapping) for the active record pattern. It lets you show database tables as classes, which means you can define a class.
Automatic Package Delivery
Laravel, with its convenient solutions, made installing data packages easier. The Automatic Package Delivery in Laravel detects the packages that the user wants to install on its own.
Artisan
The in-build tool in Laravel for CLI (Command-Line-Interface) is known as the Artisan. It is used to develop a database structure, a skeleton code, etc. It can also be interlaced to create the basic MVC files through the command-line and handle those assets and their configurations.
Database Migration
The Artisan, (Command Line Interface in Laravel) contributes to making the migration of databases and seeding a lot easier.
Keeping the database work in migrations and seeds makes migrating the changes to another development machine convenient. You can simply hire a Laravel programmer and get your task of database migration going smoothly.
Vue.js
Vue.js developed by Evan You is an open-source and advanced Javascript framework that, with its adaptable architecture, helps design interactive UI (User Interface) along with single-page applications. The focus of Vue.js is declarative rendering and component composition.
It is also quite popular among developers worldwide for its ability to simplify web development processes. Here are its best features:
Data Binding
The data binding allows the user to use the web browser to manipulate the elements of a webpage. Having HTML as one of the dynamic parts, it doesn’t need any complex scripting or programming. With data binding, the values can be managed and assigned to HTML attributes.
Virtual DOM
The changes done in Vue.js are not shown directly in the DOM; rather, a copy of DOM gets developed as a JavaScript data structure.
And if any further revisions are required to be made, they are carried out in the JavaScript of the data structure. The comparison is then made with the initial data structure. This entire process tends to save a lot of time on your end.
Transition
There are multiple ways to apply transition in HTML elements while addition or removal from DOM in Vue.js. There is a built-in transition component that provides a transition effect when wrapped around the element. Third parties can also be approached in order to get a more comprehensive array of transitions.
Components
The best portion about using Vue.js is the reusability of the components. With them, you can stretch the HTML elements to contain the reusable code.
Templates
Vue.js arrives with HTML-based templates, which serve the purpose of binding the DOM with Vue instance data. These templates are compiled by Vue.js with virtual DOM Render functions. There is a need to replace the template with the render function to use the render function template efficiently.
Why Laravel and Vue.js Should be Used Together?
Despite coming from different backgrounds, these two frameworks have a lot to bring on the table with each other’s support. Let’s look at the reasons that make this duo worth the use.
All at Front-end
The goal of web applications today is to offer the utmost performance with seamless user experience. And with the use of Laravel and Vue.js, changes would happen to occur to the front-end. This diminishes the need for the users to reload a page.
Reactive Components
With Vue.js, you can develop a full-fledged web app that would manage activities on the front-end. There are also composable components that can be brought to use as per the wish.
And since Vue.js goes well with Laravel, there is only a need for a few attempts to request data from your Laravel app along with making changes to UI by switching components without having to reload the page.
SPAs (Single Page Applications)
If there’s anything that the internet is booming with lately, that’s the SPAs.
Creating a Vue Single Page Application with Laravel is a wonderful and winning combination for further developing clean and dynamic API-driven apps. With Vue.js router and a Laravel backend, you can successfully build your SPA in the desired manner.
Efficient Usage
Both Laravel and Vue.js are efficient when it comes to using. And using them together is quite easy and exciting.
If you didn’t face much trouble with using PHP, you are good to go with Laravel. All it requires is some logic and a sharp mind to get along with it.
The extensive documentation of Laravel, along with a broad community, can be of great use to you.
Vue.js provides simplicity and flexibility to its users. Being developer-friendly, progressive, and size-efficient makes it ideal for getting highly productive and assured results.
There’s no doubt that the duo of Laravel and Vue.js can do wonders!
Parting Thoughts
Now that you finally have an idea of how these work together for your project’s success, you are just required to hire expert PHP programmers who know Laravel well along with excellent Vue.js programmers.
Be it individually or together, both Laravel and Vue.js possess the capability of revamping the world of web development with their features and functionalities.
Spread the love | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
2017 Women's Rugby League World Cup final
The 2017 Women's Rugby League World Cup final was a rugby league match which determined the winner of the 2017 Women's Rugby League World Cup. It was played between reigning champions Australia and their rivals New Zealand on 2 December 2017 at Brisbane Stadium in Brisbane, immediately before the final of the concurrent men's competition. It was the third consecutive time that the two sides played in the World Cup final.
Australia emerged victorious, winning the match 23–16 and earning their second World Cup win.
Route to the final
Both teams had little difficulty reaching the final, each winning their group matches and semi-final by large margins.
First half
* Kelly 8' Try Moran conversion
* Hireme 12' Try (Converted Nati)
* Hireme 20' Try (Conversion missed by Nati)
* Moran 35' scores for Australia on the back of her own kick-chase, and converts
Second half
* Walton scores 56'. (Moran Comverts)
* Ballinger receives medical attention (59')
* McGregor scores for new Zealand (69') (Converted by Nati)
Statistics
Australia:
* Most tries: 2 – Isabelle Kelly
* Most goals: 3 – Caitlin Moran
* Most field goals: 1 – Caitlin Moran
* Most try assists: 2 – Ali Brigginshaw
* Most runs: 15 – Corban McGregor, Simaima Taufa
* Most running metres: 154 – Kezie Apps
* Most tackles: 43 – Simaima Taufa
* Most missed tackles: 5 – Chelsea Baker, Simaima Taufa
* Most line breaks: 1 – Nakia Davis-Welsh, Caitlin Moran, Zahara Temara, Elianna Walton
New Zealand:
* Most tries: 1 – Honey Hireme, Raecene McGregor
* Most goals: 2 – Kimoira Nati
* Most field goals: 0 –
* Most try assists: 2 – Raecene McGregor
* Most runs: 15 – Laura Mariu
* Most running metres: 130 – Laura Mariu
* Most tackles: 40 – Krystal Rota
* Most missed tackles: 5 – Nita Maynard, Hilda Peters
* Most line breaks: 2 – Honey Hireme | WIKI |
Page:Popular Science Monthly Volume 43.djvu/532
the food supplies of the various tissues that differ so widely in composition and function are derived from the same common pabulum, the blood, which under the varying conditions of supply and demand maintains a comparatively uniform composition—the futility of assigning to each or any element of the food a specific role in the processes of nutrition must be obvious.
INALLY, I must refer to another set of experiments which Dr. Luys conducted before us at La Charité on two of the patients there (on whom I subsequently performed counter-experiments). Having thrown these patients into the state of artificial sleep, he took from his. pocket some sealed glass tubes. "This tube," he said, "contains alcohol." He placed the tube in contact with the skin of the patient inside the collar of her dress. After a minute she began to complain of feeling giddy and oppressed. Presently she manifested all the signs of incipient drunkenness—she was gay and disposed to sing. A little later she fell from the chair on to the floor in a state of complete inebriety, and with a simulation of the various stages of drunkenness so effectively dramatic that I doubt if any woman so uneducated could go through such a performance, except an hysteric of this class, when "sleep-waking" and freed from the restraint of the fully conscious action of the upper brain. It is this mixture of hysteria, partially numbed consciousness, trained automatism, and imposture, which so often takes in either the wholly credulous or ignorantly skeptical spectator. Of the imposture there was, as I shall presently show, pace the intelligent reporters, no doubt whatever. Nor do I doubt at any rate that this girl was a thorough-paced hysteric and trained hypnotic, and that she was in an artificially induced and pathological condition when she went through these elaborate and brilliantly performed antics. She was lifted into the chair and another hypnotized person placed alongside her in another chair. Their hands were clasped together, "We will now see," said Dr. Luys, whether "the vibrations will be communicated from one to the other," and the state of drunkenness transferred. So said, so done; and a similar performance, not, however, so skillfully executed, was gone through by the second and less experienced subject. On the following day we had yet a more picturesque performance. I was told beforehand that this was "the day of the cat," and that I might expect to see a highly trained | WIKI |
postprandial
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postprandial
[pōs′pran·dē·əl]
(medicine)
After a meal.
References in periodicals archive ?
The aim of the present study was to observe the effects of a single serve of luncheon meat enriched with ~190 mg of LC n-3 PUFA postprandially (the acute study) and the effect of a daily serve of luncheon meat enriched with ~190 mg of LC n-3 PUFA for three weeks (the chronic study) on plasma LC n-3 PUFA status in human subjects.
19] These tests can be performed in the nonfasting state, although HDL cholesterol levels will be slightly lower postprandially, as discussed earlier.
Given gastrin 17's effect of increased episodes of TLESRs with GER, Aphton believes that a reduction of gastrin 17 should also lead to a reduction of these episodes, in particular postprandially (i.
Biliary colic is associated with right upper quadrant or epigastric pain that begins postprandially.
Albumin concentrations in the CGPS were significantly lower in nonfasting individuals than in fasting individuals (approximately 4%-5% lower at 1-2 h postprandially, as graphically read, P < 0.
1c] was not significantly associated with measures of glucose liability (amplitude of excursions, rate of change, or percentage of sensor readings above 250-300 mg/dL), thus refuting the conclusions from other studies that high glucose values, such as those often seen postprandially, contribute disproportionately to the [HbA.
Released postprandially from the distal gastrointestinal tract, PYY inhibits the release of a neuropeptide that stimulates food intake.
Gallbladder volume was recorded postprandially at 5, 15, 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes.
Studies investigating the effect of meals on lab values have found that triglycerides are consistently elevated postprandially, to a maximum of 12 hours.
However, triglycerides are present at higher concentrations postprandially in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients than in nondiabetic individuals (36-38).
There was no significant difference in the percentage reflux times between uptight and supine periods (perhaps because of the high use of anti-Trendelenburg's positioning of the bed in children with cerebral palsy), but compared with uptight periods, the percentage reflux time postprandially was significantly greater. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
56,949 total views, 4 views today
What is a Gladiator?
A fighter was a furnished warrior who engaged extensive groups of onlookers in the Roman Empire in savage fights with different combatants, wild creatures and lawbreakers.
Most warriors were dealt with as slaves, educated under ghastly conditions, socially disregarded, and segregated even in death. Regardless of where they originated from, warriors offered the gathering of people a case of Rome’s military standards and in their fights and also demise, they could rouse appreciation and prominence.
Why were fighter amusements so famous?
Fighter amusements furnished their proprietors and supporters with costly yet successful chances to advance themselves while offering modest and energizing stimulation. Fighters turned into a colossal business for coaches and proprietors and legislators who needed to achieve the best.
A politically aggressive individual would regularly compose demonstrates which would consequently scrounge up votes, hence helping that individual ascent in control. Responsibility for or a fighter school gave muscle and energy to Roman legislative issues.
Where did the warriors battle?
Probably the most commended fighter diversions were held at the considerable Roman Colosseum worked in Rome. Fit for seating around 50,000 onlookers, the Colosseum facilitated fighter challenges and also open displays, for example, creature chases, executions, re-establishments of acclaimed fights and dramatizations in light of traditional folklore.
A portion of the Roman Emperors gave honors of colossal totals of cash to a portion of the combatants. This included property and living arrangement “equivalent to those of men who had praised triumph.” Mark Antony frequently, even elevated combatants to his own protect.
By the third century, the combatants’ ubiquity was no longer at its crest as they had made a gigantic hole in the economy on account of the costs engaged with purchasing, owning and offering. There was an immense divergence between the rich and poor people.
How did warrior amusements arrive at an end?
Fighters were at long last prohibited at the turn of the fifth century, after Christianity was received as the state religion. Gladiatorial recreations had been supplanted by showy shows and chariot races, the last outstanding to a great degree well known through the sixth century.
The individuals who were sentenced to end up fighters for their association in wrongdoings were given occupations at mines. They could now pay for their wrongdoings by working, without it involving their blood. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Category talk:Canadian models
We should seperate fashion models from other types of models. Lil Flip246 17:18, 30 June 2006 (UTC) | WIKI |
Glacier Divers: Studying Glaciers from the Inside Out
Glaciers, glaciology, glacier movement, glacier diving,Glaciers are vital geographical features, in part because they serve as an indicator for the overall health of the planet. A hot-button environmental issue today is the loss of mass of most of the world’s glacier ice due to global climate change. To get a better idea of the overall health of a glacier, and to learn more about these fragile formations, scientists, called glaciologists, need to get an up-close look at the glacier…from the inside. That means diving deep into the depths of the ice sheets through natural fissures or openings, or making man-made tunnels. Let us look at the science behind glacier diving in the name of science.
Glaciers hold vast amounts of information about the earth and what the planet’s environment was like thousands of years ago. The frozen ice traps things like pollen, volcanic ash, and gasses and keeps them as an icy record of our past. We can learn what the make-up of the atmosphere was in the past and, perhaps more importantly, how it has changed over time. We can discover facts about microbial life of the past, as well as larger flora and fauna.
Studying glaciers can help us to better understand how the climate of the planet has changed over time. The earth has gone through period of warming and cooling in the last million years. Looking at the layers of ice in a glacier, glaciologists can record how long each cycle of warming or cooling has been, as well as the intervals between them. With this information, scientists and climatologists can get a more accurate picture of the overall climate of earth.
Studying the inner workings of glaciers also help us to understand the mechanics of glaciers. We have all heard that glacial ice is responsible for carving out the Great Lakes and sculpting the valley and hills of the American landscape, but that is a rather simplistic explanation for how these land features have formed. Getting down to the bottom of a glacier…to where the ice contacts the ground…is the best way to observe the process of carving due to glacial retreating and advancing.
So how do glaciologists get under the ice? It’s not easy feat and not for the faint of heart. In some cases, glaciologists can access the inner bowels of the glacier through naturally-occurring crevasses. Crevasses, not to be confused with crevices that form in rock, are deep fissures or cracks in the ice of a glacier. Crevasses are the result of the movement of the ice at different rates that create unstable pressures that cause breaking along the ice. Most crevasses form vertically and expose the different layers that have stratified in the ice. Depending on the size of the crevasses, glaciologists can use these portals into the ice to descend into the glacier and study the layers of ice. But crevasses aren’t the only means of accessing the inner ice. Scientists can create their own tunnels through the glacier by using hot water to melt an access tunnel. This can be a slow and dangerous process as the ice can be unstable.
Once an access point it found or created, the glaciologists are able to enter the inner workings of the glacier. It can be physically and mentally challenging to take a journey beneath the ice. The working conditions are not ideal. They are claustrophobia, cold, and there is the potential for the ice to shift or move without notice.
Because understanding the movement of glaciers is one of the reasons scientists study the ice sheets, the glacier divers are able to install seismic monitors deep in the glacier to record the movement of the ice, in much the same way that seismologists track the movement of earth along earthquake fault lines. Installing the sensors deeper in the glacial ice, and not on the surface, allows for more accurate readings because the information is gathered from much closer to the source of the movement.
This type of research has yielded new information about glacial movement. Glaciologists were able to determine that the bulk of the resistance sliding at the base of a glacier is due to friction between the bedrock and the bottom layer of ice, which is packed with debris such as rocks, dirt, pebbles, and sand. Prior to this discovery, scientists believed that the resistance was not as widespread, but was focused on specific spots along the bedrock where anomalies or obstacles hindered the ice flow.
Glaciologists have been able to further understand the unique features of glaciers. For example, at a certain depth, typically around 490 to 650 feet deep, the ice becomes almost like plastic and forms an impenetrable layer. Water from rain, run-offs, or melting cannot penetrate through this layer so the water switches from moving vertically to moving horizontally, forming ice caves.
The history of the planet as a whole is recorded in the glacier ice. Being able to study the glacial ice sheets from the inside out affords researchers the unique opportunity to peer into this frozen chronology and to use the data they uncover to help protect the fragile glaciers and, by extension, the fragile health of the planet. It takes nerves of steel, physical strength, and mental fortitude to dive into the depths of ancient glacier ice, but the rewards are invaluable.
Sources:
“And Inside? Glacier Caves.” Eniscuola. School, Energy & Environment. Web. 12 Aug. 2018.
Gammon, Katherine. “Science in Ice: Lab Operates Inside a Glacier.” LiveScience. 2 Ja. 2013. Web. 12 Aug. 2018.
Wendel, JoAnna. “Shedding Light on Glaciers From Within.” Penn State University. 26 Aug. 2015. Web. 12 Aug. 2018.
“Why Do Scientist Study Glaciers?” Alaska Satellite Facility. Web. 12 Aug. 2018.
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Are You Living In A Simulation?
This system will control lights, heat and AC, locks your doors, a home theater or music and more. This real world simulation of a pizza restaurant where players determine the prices they will pay for various items provides realistic context. As of early 2015, the game has already captured an audience of over 200k wrestling fans and regular has thousands of players online. The game is inspired by the old-school game Missile Command, where the player has to shoot the missiles to save his city. The game is available free as digital download on Steam. To download and install this game, you will first have to install a small Steam client. Only the Beta version 3.2 will work for any BlackBerry so skip older versions you see on MicroSky’s website. Just to exemplify we are testing features like web services reliability – to generalize it here the main aim of such tests would be to cause deliberate failures and see how well the product manages to be reliable.
Selenium automation testing can be used effectively by the QA team to achieve higher test coverage, meet the CI requirement as far as Agile is concerned, faster turnaround time, and ease of running it against any browser. It has an inbuilt test builder tool that replicates the real user actions and we do not need to write any code. To do this, the user has to create a ball with a bouncing property by selecting/painting the ball and selecting its properties. The user is given the opportunity to create a project on his own, such as putting a bouncing ball inside a square. The user manual offers some neat tips on how to use this app. Then the user modifies the properties and add scripting to control the events/behaviors. Linux kids control Tux, who jumps and bumps through the levels, collects power-ups and points on the way, and in the meantime squashes the ugly-but-cute mushrooms, turtles and the other guys in the way.
KDE Educational Suite targets children aged 3 to 18, covering a broader age range for kids Linux. In this case, the distribution may not come with the must-have programs for your children. You may choose a child-friendly distribution or you may want to use a specific one for your child and modify it to their needs. Specific devices: these are also mass produced, but unlike the previous two, can only be used in a certain way. During the game, the name of the molecules that are to be constructed are displayed so that the player also take their first steps to learning chemistry. IRBO shares added the bulk of their YTD gain in the first quarter but have failed to gain traction since. For example, the first mini-game lets students change the possible angle of the comet and then watch how gravity affects the animated comet’s path. The games focus on a comet’s impact on the planet Jupiter and how changing the angle and speed will will change the comet’s impact energy but don’t affect the gravitational influence on the comet by the planet.
It is believed that a smart home automation technology will give you the convenience of controlling and automating every appliance at home, it will cater to your needs of safety and security with conserving energy and cutting on the cost. Another famous application of grid computing technology is the computing grid used to support the Large Hadron Collider at CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research). Automation tools need to be compatible with the technology platform on which the system is running. For otherwise, the complexity of handling two different tools can be overwhelming. Then, we know that the computer we are running on is a computer about that complexity. When screensavers are running, the computer is essentially idle, apart from a few background tasks. They are required to rush the orders to customers and accept their money. The tasks of this level include production planning, customer and market analysis, orders and sales, etc. So it deals more with commercial activities and less with technical aspects. Procure the right automation tool with the required add-ins in order to overcome the technical obstacles.
Moving some of your simple, everyday tasks to automation means getting reliability out of your day. When a QA company adopts Agile and uses continuous integration, they are preventing testing from being left out of the cycle’s timeline as testing goes hand in hand with development. I did a search for BlackBerry astronomy program apps on my BlackBerry Verizon Storm and found none and also checked out BB’s App World to no avail. Once the program is downloaded to your BlackBerry, you’ll need to use their installer MicroSky.alx; both the downloads and installers can be found here. Countless old friends have found each other. They have ribosomes studded to them, and their main function is the manufacturing and packing of proteins. The ER does not function in isolation, but coordinates with several other organelles. These industrial robots are programmable in three or more axes. Are you aware that a more cost effective AI can take your place on your job. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Hedge funds: Fees for most aren't worth it, but higher volatility is a plus
Hedge funds have received their fair share of criticism for their hefty fees, but there are still reasons to invest in them, according to an expert. "There's 15,000 hedge funds out there and I think 90 percent of those hedge funds aren't worth the fees that people pay," said Donald Steinbrugge, chief executive and founder of Agecroft Partners, a consulting and marketing firm that focuses on hedge funds. Warren Buffett, famously compared active managers to monkeys in his annual shareholder letter last year and took issue with what he perceived as exorbitant fees. In his latest annual letter released on Saturday, Buffett also discussed winning a 10-year bet against hedge funds. "Performance comes, performance goes. Fees never falter," he wrote. Despite that, Steinbrugge said hedge funds were a good way to have a diversified portfolio, adding that the hefty fees mentioned in Buffett's letter last year were "coming down a lot." "I do think there're 10 percent of the market that has very talented managers or has strategies that you can't get in a mutual fund. For example, reinsurance, a lot of CTA (commodity trading advisor) strategies, direct lending. I think all of those provide valuable diversification and can generate returns even after you've paid the hedge fund fees," he told CNBC's "The Rundown." Still, Steinbrugge made the case that the pick-up in volatility earlier this month during the stock markets sell-off was good for hedge funds. Volatility is usually seen as a positive for active managers like hedge funds as stock price swings mean that equity managers can hit their targets more quickly. "In a market correction, hedge funds that have market exposure are going to go down, but they should go down less than a long-only index," Steinbrugge said. "I think there is a place for hedge funds. Should people invest all their money in hedge funds? Absolutely not. Is it part of a well-diversified portfolio? I think it is," he added. Data from eVestment showed that a total of $14.12 billion was allocated into hedge funds last month, making it the strongest start to the year since pre-financial crisis times. Those figures also contrasted with the $111.64 billion in flows withdrawn from funds in 2016 and was the first time since 2014 inflows were recorded in January. — CNBC's Leslie Picker contributed to this report. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
NEWCASTLE PROPERTIES, INC., Plaintiff-Appellee, v. SIDNEY SHALOWITZ et al., Defendants-Appellants.
First District (4th Division)
No. 1 — 90—1248
Opinion filed September 26, 1991.
— Rehearing denied November 20, 1991.
Torshen, Sehoenfield & Spreyer, Ltd., of Chicago (Jerome H. Torshen and Steven P. Garmisa, of counsel), for appellants.
Schiff, Hardin & Waite, of Chicago (James A. Clark, Barbara E. Hermansen, and Darren Van Puymbrouck, of counsel), for appellee.
JUSTICE JOHNSON
delivered the opinion of the court:
Defendants, Sidney and Phyllis Shalowitz, appeal the trial court’s order granting plaintiff, Newcastle Properties, Inc. (hereinafter Newcastle), its motions for summary judgment (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1983, ch. 110, par. 2 — 1005) and prejudgment interest, and denying defendants’ motions for summary judgment and rehearing.
The following issues are before this court for review: (1) whether the seller’s recovery pursuant to a real estate contract that allows for the payment of earnest money by letter of credit, and contains a provision that the buyer shall forfeit “all sums theretofore paid to the Seller,” is limited to the amount paid by the buyer on the date of default, where the contract permits the seller to draw upon the letter of credit in order to recover the amount as liquidated damages, and the seller failed to do so; (2) whether the liquidated damages provision of the real estate contract is ambiguous and should be construed against the drafter to limit the seller’s remedy for the buyer’s breach of contract; and (3) whether the “avoidable consequences” rule precludes the seller from suing for recovery of $109,500 in liquidated damages, and $33,135 in prejudgment interest, pursuant to a provision which limits the amount of liquidated damages to “all sums theretofore paid to Seller,” because the seller failed to mitigate its damages by presenting and drawing upon the letter of credit before it expired.
We reverse.
Background
Defendants agreed to purchase condominium unit 36D (hereinafter purchase agreement) in the building known as “One Magnificent Mile,” located at 950 North Michigan Avenue in Chicago, Illinois. The seller was the La Salle National Bank and Trust Company, as trustee under trust No. 100049. During the time when the events occurred that gave rise to this lawsuit, the Levy Organization Development Company, Inc. (hereinafter the Levy Organization), was the agent of the beneficiaries of La Salle National Bank trust No. 100049, who were the owners of One Magnificent Mile.
On November 1, 1983, the ownership interest of the residential portion of One Magnificent Mile was transferred to La Salle National Bank trust No. 103785. On December 31, 1985, Newcastle became the sole beneficiary of trust No. 103785 and the successor in interest to the original owner of the property.
The Levy Organization prepared the purchase agreement. The Levy Organization and defendants executed the purchase agreement on May 10, 1982. Paragraph 12 of the purchase agreement states the following relevant provision:
“Performance. Time is of the essence of this Purchase Agreement. If Purchaser defaults on any of Purchaser’s covenants or obligations hereunder, then, *** all sums theretofore paid to Seller (including without limitation earnest money and payments for Extras) by Purchaser shall be forfeited as liquidated damages and shall be retained by Seller.”
Under the terms of paragraph 2(aX3) of the purchase agreement, defendants had the option to pay their earnest money in cash or in the form of an unconditional and irrevocable letter of credit for the benefit of the Levy Organization, which would expire no earlier than 21 days after the estimated date of completion of the unit. Paragraph 2(a)(3) also provided that in the event the letter of credit expired prior to the closing date, defendants were obligated to either “(p]ay to Seller the amount of the Letter of Credit by cashier’s or certified check,” or deliver a replacement letter of credit 30 days prior to the expiration date of the original letter of credit. In addition, paragraph 2(a)(3) of the purchase agreement also specified that “[fjailure by Purchaser to deliver such replacement Letter of Credit when required to do so shall entitle Seller to draw upon the Letter of Credit and hold and disburse the funds as earnest money hereunder.”
Defendants posted an irrevocable standby letter of credit in the amount of $109,500 as an earnest money deposit. Defendants obtained the letter of credit from the Continental Illinois National Bank and Trust Company of Chicago (hereinafter Continental Bank) in December 1980.
A standby letter of credit requires the issuer (Continental Bank) to pay the beneficiary (plaintiff) a sum certain prior to the expiration of the note upon the presentation of documents specified in the purchase agreement which demonstrate that the parties who procured the letter’s issuance (defendants) have defaulted. Pastor v. National Republic Bank (1979), 76 Ill. 2d 139, 147; Jupiter Orrington Corp. v. Zweifel (1984), 127 Ill. App. 3d 559, 562; Stringer Construction Co. v. American Insurance Co. (1981), 102 Ill. App. 3d 919, 922; First Arlington National Bank v. Stathis (1980), 90 Ill. App. 3d 802, 807; see also Byrne, An Examination of UCC Article 5 (Letters of Credit), 45 Bus. Law. 1521 (1990); Givray, Letters of Credit, 45 Bus. Law. 2381 (1990); Symons & White, Banking Law 204-06 (1984); Joseph, Letters of Credit: The Developing Concepts & Financing Functions, 94 Banking L.J. 816 (1977).
The standby letter of credit obtained by defendants in the instant case was drafted to expire on May 22, 1983. The estimated date of completion of defendants’ condominium unit was October 10, 1983. Defendants extended the letter of credit to June 22, 1983. Defendants obtained this amended letter of credit in recognition of their obligation under the purchase agreement.
Thereafter, construction of defendants’ unit was delayed beyond the original closing date. The Levy Organization notified defendants of this change. In a letter dated February 14, 1983, the Levy Organization reminded defendants that since their amended letter of credit would expire on June 22, 1983, it would either have to be extended at least 21 days beyond the estimated date of completion of their unit, or defendants would have to replace the original letter of credit with a substitute letter of credit 30 days prior to the expiration date of the original letter of credit, pursuant to the purchase agreement. The letter also stated that the Levy Organization would be “entitled to draw on the Letter of Credit” if defendants breached the contract.
Defendants responded by seeking to extend their amended standby letter of credit. Defendants executed a “Request For Amendment To Commercial Letter of Credit” at Continental Bank on June 20, 1983. Four days later, the Levy Organization contacted Sidney Shalowitz and informed him that it had not received written confirmation extending the expiration date of the amended letter of credit.
After defendant learned that the letter of credit had not been extended, he directed Continental Bank not to extend or renew the letter of credit. Defendant instructed Continental Bank in this manner on June 27, 1983. In July 1983, defendants informed the Levy Organization that they would not close on the unit or pay any of the money required by the purchase agreement.
The Levy Organization failed to present the $109,500 amended standby letter of credit prior to its expiration on June 23, 1983. At the time defendants breached the purchase agreement, they had only paid the Levy Organization $3,122 for “extras” under the contract. Defendants refused to pay any additional funds because they maintained that no further payment was required pursuant to the liquidated damages provision of the purchase agreement.
The Levy Organization retained the $3,122 and sued defendants for an additional $109,500 and $33,135 in prejudgment interest. The Levy Organization and defendants filed motions for summary judgment. (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1983, ch. 110, par. 2 — 1005.) Plaintiff's motion was granted, and defendants’ countermotion was denied. The court awarded plaintiff $109,500, in addition to $33,135 in prejudgment interest. Defendants then filed this appeal.
Opinion
I
First, defendants contend that under the terms of the purchase agreement, $3,122 was properly forfeited as liquidated damages because that amount was “theretofore paid” on the date of the breach. Defendants maintain that they are not liable for $109,500, because that sum was payable only under the letter of credit prior to its expiration. Defendants rely upon Schek v. Chicago Transit Authority (1969), 42 Ill. 2d 362, Abingdon Bank & Trust Co. v. Bulkeley (1945), 390 Ill. 582, Moscov v. Mutual Life Insurance Co. (1944), 387 Ill. 378, Joseph v. Carter (1943), 382 Ill. 461, Jones v. Seiwert (1987), 164 Ill. App. 3d 954, National Tea Co. v. American National Bank & Trust Co. (1981), 100 Ill. App. 3d 1046, Rhoads v. Clifton, Gunderson & Co. (1980), 89 Ill. App. 3d 751, Epstein v. Yoder (1979), 72 Ill. App. 3d 966, Walgreen Co. v. American National Bank & Trust Co. (1972), 4 Ill. App. 3d 549, Devco Development Corp. v. Hooker Homes, Inc. (Fla. App. 1987), 518 So. 2d 922, Makris v. Williams (Fla. App. 1983), 426 So. 2d 1186, Stewart v. Mehrlust (Fla. App. 1982), 409 So. 2d 1085, Giammattei v. Egan (1949), 135 Conn. 666, 68 A.2d 129, Supreme Court Rule 366(b)(l)(i) (134 Ill. 2d R. 366(b)(l)(i)), and the Restatement of Contracts (Second) §212, comment d (1979).
Plaintiff maintains that defendants cannot succeed on their claims of forfeiture and waiver under Illinois law. Specifically, plaintiff maintains that defendants will not prevail for the following four reasons: First, the purchase agreement will not support a forfeiture; second, equity condemns defendants’ conduct; third, the avoidable consequences rule will neither sustain defendants’ forfeiture theory nor relieve them of their obligation to pay prejudgment interest on funds withheld for over seven years; and fourth, defendants cannot allege that plaintiff knowingly and intentionally relinquished its right to the earnest money as is required to impose a waiver under Illinois law. Plaintiff relies upon Peck v. Chicago Rys. Co. (1915), 270 Ill. 34, Jones v. Seiwert (1987), 164 Ill. App. 3d 954, Bocchetta v. McCourt (1983), 115 Ill. App. 3d 297, Hart v. Lyons (1982), 106 Ill. App. 3d 803, Lempera v. Karner (1979), 79 Ill. App. 3d 221, Aden v. Alwardt (1979), 76 Ill. App. 3d 54, Epstein v. Yoder (1979), 72 Ill. App. 3d 966, Parenti v. Wytmar & Co. (1977), 49 Ill. App. 3d 860, Allstate Insurance Co. v. National Tea Co. (1975), 25 Ill. App. 3d 449, Slavis v. Slavis (1973), 12 Ill. App. 3d 467, Walgreen Co. v. American National Bank & Trust Co. (1972), 4 Ill. App. 3d 549, Hudson v. Shepard (1900), 90 Ill. App. 626, and Ford v. Illinois Refrigerating Construction Co. (1890), 40 Ill. App. 222.
The role of the court is to enforce a valid contract. (Joseph v. Carter (1943), 382 Ill. 461, 466.) “A court cannot remake a contract and give a litigant a better bargain than he himself was satisfied to make; and when the terms of a contract are clear and unambiguous, they must be enforced.” (Walgreen Co. v. American National Bank & Trust Co. (1972), 4 Ill. App. 3d 549, 554; see also Abingdon Bank & Trust Co. v. Bulkeley (1945), 390 Ill. 582, 591; Lucas v. Beaton (1990), 201 Ill. App. 3d 341, 346-47.) Whether or not an ambiguity exists is a matter of law for the court to determine. (National Tea Co. v. American National Bank & Trust Co. (1981), 100 Ill. App. 3d 1046, 1049; Susmano v. Associated Internists of Chicago, Ltd. (1981), 97 Ill. App. 3d 215, 219.) “The mere fact that the parties do not agree upon the meaning of the terms of a contract does not create an ambiguity.” (Hickox v. Bell (1990), 195 Ill. App. 3d 976, 990.) “Where the question [before the court] involves one of contract construction, a court of review may ascertain the meaning of contract provisions from the instrument itself as a matter of law ***.” (Magnuson v. Schaider (1989), 183 Ill. App. 3d 344, 357; see also 134 Ill. 2d R. 366(b)(l)(i); Rhoads v. Clifton, Gunderson & Co. (1980), 89 Ill. App. 3d 751; Restatement of Contracts (Second) §212, comment d (1979).) “[C]ontract terms must be given their plain, ordinary, popular and natural meaning.” Village of Glenview v. Northfield Woods Water & Utility Co. (1991), 216 Ill. App. 3d 40, 48.
We consider case law from other jurisdictions when there is no law within this jurisdiction that addresses matters raised in a case at bar. In the instant case, we will rely upon Florida case law as there is no relevant case law in this jurisdiction. The Florida Appellate Court has held that a seller of real property may not recover as liquidated damages sums which have not been paid by the buyer. (Makris v. Williams (Fla. App. 1983), 426 So. 2d 1186; Stewart v. Mehrlust (Fla. App. 1982), 409 So. 2d 1085.) The Florida Appellate Court has also found that a seller of real estate who fails to present a letter of credit held in escrow prior to the letter’s expiration is not entitled to the full amount of the letter in liquidated damages after the buyer defaults. Devco Development Corp. v. Hooker Homes, Inc. (Fla. App. 1987), 518 So. 2d 922, 923-24.
In Makris v. Williams, the parties entered into a real estate contract that required payment of $40,000 as earnest money. (Makris, 426 So. 2d at 1187.) The contract also contained the following liquidated damages provision: “If buyer fails to perform any of the covenants of this contract, all money paid pursuant to this contract by buyer as aforesaid shall be retained by or for the account of the seller as consideration for the execution of this contract and as agreed liquidated damages and in full settlement of any claims for damages.” (Emphasis in original.) (Makris, 426 So. 2d at 1187.) The buyer’s attorney made a representation to the sellers that he was holding $10,000 in escrow as partial payment of the earnest money. However, the buyer’s attorney never received the funds. (Makris, 426 So. 2d at 1188.) Shortly thereafter, the buyer refused to close the deal, and the seller sued the buyer for $40,000 in liquidated damages. (Makris, 426 So. 2d at 1188.) The trial court held that the buyer was bound by his attorney’s misrepresentation, and it ordered the buyer to pay the seller $10,000. Makris, 426 So. 2d at 1188.
The buyer then appealed, alleging that the trial court erred when it ordered him to pay the seller $10,000. The seller contended the trial court should have awarded the requisite $40,000 down payment as liquidated damages. (Makris, 426 So. 2d at 1188.) The appellate court affirmed the trial court’s $10,000 judgment against the buyer. (Makris, 426 So. 2d at 1188.) In addition, the court found that the seller was not entitled to $40,000 in liquidated damages because the seller could only recover a sum that had already been paid. The court stated that “ ‘[w]hen a real estate contract provides that if a sale is not closed because of the fault of the buyer, the deposit paid under the contract is to be retained by the seller, the seller cannot recover a deposit not actually made.’ ” Makris, 426 So. 2d at 1188, quoting Stewart v. Mehrlust (Fla. App. 1982), 409 So. 2d 1085,1086.
Similarly, in Stewart v. Mehrlust (Fla. App. 1982), 409 So. 2d 1085, the real estate contract between the buyer and the seller had the following liquidated damages clause, which is similar to the provision in the contract between the parties in the case at bar: “If Buyer fails to perform this Contract within the time specified, the deposits) paid by the Buyer aforesaid may be retained by or for the account of Seller as liquidated damages ***.” (Emphasis added.) {Stewart, 409 So. 2d at 1086.) The contract in Stewart further provided that the buyers were obligated to pay $10,000 earnest money. The buyers failed to tender the earnest money. However, the sellers signed the contract and proceeded with the agreement even though the earnest money had not been paid. {Stewart, 409 So. 2d at 1086.) Eventually, the buyers breached the contract and the sellers filed a complaint seeking recovery of the $10,000 unpaid earnest money as liquidated damages. The court in Stewart held that “[w]hen a real estate contract provides that if a sale is not closed because of the fault of the buyer, the deposit paid under the contract is to be retained by the seller, the seller cannot recover a deposit not actually made.” (Emphasis added.) {Stewart, 409 So. 2d at 1086.) The court went on to say that “[t]he [buyers] did not tender a deposit, so there was nothing to be retained by the sellers.” Stewart, 409 So. 2d at 1086.
Finally, in Devco Development Corp. v. Hooker Homes, Inc. (Fla. App. 1987), 518 So. 2d 922, the Florida Appellate Court addressed the issue of whether a seller of real property who fails to present a letter of credit held in escrow prior to the letter’s expiration may obtain the full amount of the letter in liquidated damages after the buyer defaults. In Devco Development Corp., the contract between the buyer and the seller required the buyer to “deposit *** an irrevocable bank letter of credit in the amount of $200,000.” (Devco Development Corp., 518 So. 2d at 923.) The contract also had a liquidated damages clause which made the following provision: “[I]n the event [the Buyer] defaults with respect to its obligations under this Contract, the *** Letter of Credit held by [the Seller] on this contract may be taken and kept by [the Seller] as full liquidated damages.” (Devco Development Corp., 518 So. 2d at 923.) The trial court held that the letter was Devco’s sole liquidated damage remedy, and that Devco relinquished its right to recover the amount of the letter of credit in liquidated damages by failing to take the requisite steps to collect upon the letter prior to its expiration. (Devco Development Corp., 518 So. 2d at 923.) The appellate court affirmed the trial court’s finding and held that the seller had no right to recover the proceeds of the letter of credit as liquidated damages because the seller failed to present the letter of credit before it expired. Devco Development Corp., 518 So. 2d at 923-24.
In the instant case, we find that plaintiff is only entitled to retain the $3,122 paid to the Levy Organization prior to defendants’ breach. Paragraph 12 of the purchase agreement provided that “all sums theretofore paid to [the] Seller” would be “forfeited as liquidated damages” and “retained” by the seller. (Emphasis added.) We are required to attribute the “plain, ordinary, popular and natural meaning” to the terms of this purchase agreement. (Village of Glenview v. Northfield Woods Water & Utility Co. (1991), 216 Ill. App. 3d 40, 48.) “In common usage, ‘paid’ does not mean ‘payable.’ ” (Giammattei v. Egan (1949), 135 Conn. 666, 668, 68 A.2d 129, 130.) The word “paid” is the past tense of the verb “to pay,” while the word “payable” is an adjective which refers to sums which are owed but have not yet been paid. Giammattei, 135 Conn. at 668, 68 A.2d at 130.
The aforementioned provision is an explicit liquidated damages clause. (See Siegel v. Levy Organization Development Co. (1989), 182 Ill. App. 3d 859, 862.) “In general, Illinois courts give effect to liquidated damage provisions if the parties have expressed their agreement in clear and explicit terms, and there is no evidence of fraud or unconscionable oppression ***.” (Hartford Fire Insurance Co. v. Architectural Management, Inc. (1990), 194 Ill. App. 3d 110, 115.) In some instances, the amount of liquidated damages may exceed the amount of actual damages. In other cases, the amount of actual damages will exceed the amount established as liquidated damages. In the instant case, both parties agreed to accept this inherent risk when they agreed to include a liquidated damages provision in the purchase agreement. “[A] contract may be drafted in such a manner as to allow the forfeiture not only of a deposit actually made but, in addition, a deposit that was agreed to be made.” (Brecker v. Furman (Fla. App. 1987), 508 So. 2d 514, 515.) However, a seller of real property may not recover as liquidated damages sums which have not been paid by the buyer, absent a contrary provision. Makris v. Williams (Fla. App. 1983), 426 So. 2d 1186, 1188; Stewart v. Mehrlust (Fla. App. 1982), 409 So. 2d 1085, 1086; Brecker, 508 So. 2d at 515.
Under the circumstances, we must enforce the liquidated damages provision of the purchase agreement because its terms are clear and unambiguous (see Village of Glenview v. Northfield Woods Water & Utility Co. (1991), 216 Ill. App. 3d 40, 48), and there is no evidence of unconscionable oppression or fraud. (See Hartford Fire Insurance Co., 194 Ill. App. 3d at 115.) We cannot rewrite this contract and give plaintiff a better bargain than it was satisfied to make. (See Walgreen Co. v. American National Bank & Trust Co. (1972), 4 Ill. App. 3d 549, 554; Siegel, 182 Ill. App. 3d at 862.) The parties could have drafted the purchase agreement to include a liquidated damages clause which provided for the forfeiture of all sums theretofore agreed to be paid by the buyer in the event that the buyer breached the contract. (See Brecker, 508 So. 2d at 515.) The purchase agreement established the amount of liquidated damages as the amount “theretofore paid” (emphasis added) which shall be “retained” by plaintiff, not the amount which would have been payable had plaintiff properly presented the letter of credit. In the instant case, the only amount “paid” and “retained” by plaintiff was $3,122 for extras. Plaintiff may not recover $109,500 from defendants because this sum was not “theretofore paid.” Plaintiff failed to present the standby letter of credit before it expired. Accordingly, we find that plaintiff’s recovery under the liquidated damages clause of paragraph 12 of the purchase agreement is limited to the amount paid by the buyer on the date of default.
In addition, we find plaintiff’s waiver argument inappropriate. Plaintiff is correct that defendants in effect argue that plaintiff waived its right to collect $109,500 in liquidated damages under the letter of credit. Plaintiff maintains that it did not waive its right to collect the aforementioned sum. We disagree. A waiver constitutes an intentional relinquishment of a known right. (Lempera v. Karner (1979), 79 Ill. App. 3d 221, 223; Allstate Insurance Co. v. National Tea Co. (1975), 25 Ill. App. 3d 449, 461; Slavis v. Slavis (1973), 12 Ill. App. 3d 467, 474.) One party which alleges that another party has waived its right must demonstrate by clear and unequivocal evidence that said party knowingly and intentionally relinquished its right. (Slavis, 12 Ill. App. 3d at 474.) A right may be waived expressly or impliedly by conduct. (Hart v. Lyons (1982), 106 Ill. App. 3d 803, 806.) We find that defendants have properly demonstrated that plaintiff knowingly and intentionally relinquished its right to collect $109,500 in liquidated damages. The record shows that plaintiff waived its right to collect the proceeds of the letter of credit. Plaintiff acknowledged that it could have avoided any loss by drawing upon the letter of credit in a letter to defendants dated February 14, 1983. Plaintiff stated that it could obtain the earnest money under the letter of credit at any time between May 22 and June 22, 1983, “if we do not receive the replacement Letter of Credit by thirty days prior to June 22, 1983 ***.” If plaintiff had mitigated its damages by presenting the letter of credit, $109,500 would have been “theretofore paid” and “retained.” Having failed to present the letter of credit, plaintiff is not entitled to an award of $109,500 in damages.
Finally, plaintiff’s argument that paragraph 12 of the purchase agreement is an illegal forfeiture provision and its citations of Jones v. Seiwert (1987), 164 Ill. App. 3d 954, Bocchetta v. McCourt (1983), 115 Ill. App. 3d 297, Aden v. Alwardt (1979), 76 Ill. App. 3d 54, Epstein v. Yoder (1979), 72 Ill. App. 3d 966, Parenti v. Wytmar & Co. (1977), 49 Ill. App. 3d 860, and Hudson v. Shepard (1900), 90 Ill. App. 626, which enunciate the law with respect to forfeiture, are inappropriate. Paragraph 12 of the purchase agreement provides for defendants to forfeit “all sums theretofore paid” as liquidated damages in the event of a breach. Such provisions must be construed “strictly and narrowly.” (Jones, 164 Ill. App. 3d at 957.) Accordingly, we find that this liquidated damages provision does not constitute a contract forfeiture by plaintiff. Presentment of the letter of credit prior to its expiration was a condition precedent to plaintiff’s being paid pursuant to the liquidated damages clause. Plaintiff failed to present the letter of credit prior to its expiration. Plaintiff’s failure to satisfy this condition precedent and defendants’ subsequent refusal to tender $109,500 does not constitute a contract forfeiture by plaintiff, nor does it render the liquidated damages clause illegal.
For the aforementioned reasons, we rule that plaintiff’s retention of $3,122 was proper because that amount was “theretofore paid” on the date of the breach. However, defendants are not liable for $109,500, because that sum was payable only under the letter of credit prior to its expiration.
II
Next, defendants contend in the alternative that paragraph 12 of the purchase agreement is ambiguous because the forfeiture provision may be reasonably interpreted as meaning that only the $3,122 “theretofore paid” to plaintiff should be forfeited as liquidated damages. Defendants contend that this ambiguity should be construed against the drafter. Defendants rely upon Siegel v. Levy Organization Development Co. (1989), 182 Ill. App. 3d 859, Carrico v. Delp (1986), 141 Ill. App. 3d 684, and Susmano v. Associated Internists of Chicago, Ltd. (1981), 97 Ill. App. 3d 215.
Plaintiff maintains that paragraph 12 of the purchase agreement does not limit its damages to an indeterminate sum paid for extras. Plaintiff also alleges that this court’s ruling in Siegel supports the finding of the trial court, and that defendants’ interpretation of the purchase agreement does not reflect the intent of the parties.
The primary objective of a court in construing a contract is to give effect to the intent of the parties. (Abingdon Bank & Trust Co. v. Bulkeley (1945), 390 Ill. 582, 591; Lucas v. Beaton (1990), 201 Ill. App. 3d 341, 346.) Whether or not the terms of a contract are ambiguous is a matter of law for the court to determine. (National Tea Co. v. American National Bank & Trust Co. (1981), 100 Ill. App. 3d 1046, 1049; Susmano v. Associated Internists of Chicago, Ltd. (1981), 97 Ill. App. 3d 215, 219.) “A contract will be considered to be ambiguous if it is ‘ “one capable of being understood in more senses than one.” ’ ” (National Tea Co., 100 Ill. App. 3d at 1049, quoting Standard Steel & Wire Corp. v. Chicago Capital Corp. (1975), 26 Ill. App. 3d 915, 919.) However, “[t]he mere fact that the parties do not agree upon the meaning of the terms of a contract does not create an ambiguity.” (Hickox v. Bell (1990), 195 Ill. App. 3d 976, 990.) Where there is no ambiguity in the terms used, “the instrument itself is the only criterion of the intention of the parties.” Abingdon, 390 Ill. at 591; see also Lucas, 201 Ill. App. 3d at 347.
In the instant case, we have already found that the liquidated damages provision in paragraph 12 of the purchase agreement is not ambiguous. The mere fact that plaintiff and defendants disagree with respect to the meaning of the terms of a contract does not mean that the contract terms are ambiguous. (See Hickox, 195 Ill. App. 3d at 990.) The express language of the purchase agreement has convinced us that no ambiguity exists.
Furthermore, plaintiff’s argument that defendants’ interpretation of the purchase agreement does not reflect the intent of the parties does not pass muster because where there is no ambiguity in the contract terms, “the instrument itself is the only criterion of the intention of the parties.” (Emphasis added.) Abingdon Bank & Trust Co. v. Bulkeley (1945), 390 Ill. 582, 591.
Plaintiff’s contention that this court’s ruling in Siegel v. Levy Organization Development Co. (1989), 182 Ill. App. 3d 859, supports the finding of the trial court has no merit. Siegel is distinguishable from the case at bar. In Siegel, the plaintiff contracted to purchase a condominium unit in the same building where defendants in the case at bar sought to purchase a condominium unit. (Siegel, 182 Ill. App. 3d at 860.) As in the present case, paragraph 12 of the plaintiff’s purchase agreement provided that “all sums theretofore paid to Seller” would be “forfeited” and “retained” as liquidated damages. In addition, Mr. Siegel posted two standby letters of credit as earnest money. Mr. Siegel then defaulted as defendants did in the instant case. However, Siegel is distinguishable from the case at bar because in Siegel, the sellers presented and drew upon the letters of credit before they expired. The proceeds of these letters of credit were “paid” prior to the closing date and “retained” as liquidated damages. Siegel does not address the question of whether a seller’s recovery pursuant to a real estate contract which contains a provision that the buyer shall forfeit “all sums theretofore paid to the Seller” is limited to the amount paid by the buyer on the date of default, where the seller failed to draw upon the letter of credit to recover liquidated damages.
For the aforementioned reasons, we conclude that the liquidated damages provision of the purchase agreement is not ambiguous and that only the sum “theretofore paid” to plaintiff may be forfeited as liquidated damages.
Ill
Finally, defendants contend that the “avoidable consequences” rule precludes plaintiff from recovering the sums it could have obtained by mitigating its damages by presenting the letter of credit. Plaintiff maintains that paragraph 12 of the purchase agreement unequivocally establishes that $109,500 is the measure of damages to which it is entitled, and that this provision is consistent with this court’s opinion in Siegel v. Levy Organization Development Co. (1989), 182 Ill. App. 3d 859, and is consistent with defendants’ own assertions at trial.
In light of our finding above, it is unnecessary for us to address the argument regarding the appropriateness of the application of the avoidable consequences doctrine.
For the aforementioned reasons, we reverse the trial court’s decision.
Reversed.
LINN and McMORROW, JJ., concur. | CASELAW |
Eczema
Eczema
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Most kids get itchy rashes at one time or another. But eczema can be a nuisance that may prompt scratching that makes the problem worse.
The term eczema refers to a number of different skin conditions in which the skin is red and irritated and occasionally results in small, fluid-filled bumps that become moist and ooze. The most common cause of eczema is atopic dermatitis, sometimes called infantile eczema although it occurs in infants and older children.
The word "atopic" describes conditions that occur when someone is overly sensitive to allergens in their environment such as pollens, molds, dust, animal dander, and certain foods. "Dermatitis" means that the skin is inflamed, or red and sore.
Body Basics: Skin and Hair
Kids who get eczema often have family members with hay fever, asthma, or other allergies. Some experts think these kids may be genetically predisposed to get eczema, which means characteristics have been passed on from parents through genes that make a child more likely to get it.
About half of the kids who get eczema will also someday develop hay fever or asthma themselves. Eczema is not an allergy itself, but allergies can trigger eczema. Some environmental factors (such as excessive heat or emotional stress) can also trigger the condition.
About 1 out of every 10 kids develops eczema. Typically, symptoms appear within the first few months of life, and almost always before a child turns 5. But the good news is that more than half of the kids who have eczema today will be over it by the time they're teenagers.
Signs and Symptoms
Signs and symptoms of eczema can vary widely during the early phases. Between 2 and 6 months of age (and almost always before they're 5 years old), kids with eczema usually develop itchy, dry, red skin and small bumps on their cheeks, forehead, or scalp. The rash may spread to the extremities (the arms and legs) and the trunk, and red, crusted, or open lesions may appear on any area affected.
Eczema
They may also experience circular, slightly raised, itchy, and scaly rashes in the bends of the elbows, behind the knees, or on the backs of the wrists and ankles.
As kids get older, the rash is usually less oozy and scalier than it was when the eczema first began, and the skin is extremely itchy and dry. These symptoms also tend to worsen and improve over time, with flare-ups occurring periodically.
Children often try to relieve the itching by rubbing the affected areas with a hand or anything within reach. But scratching can make the rash worse and can eventually lead to thickened, brownish areas on the skin. This is why eczema is often called the "itch that rashes" rather than the "rash that itches."
How Long Does It Last?
In many cases, eczema goes into remission and symptoms may disappear altogether for months or even years.
For many kids, it begins to improve by the age of 5 or 6; others may experience flare-ups throughout adolescence and early adulthood.
In some kids, the condition may improve and then resurface at the onset of puberty when hormones, stress, and irritating skin products or cosmetics are introduced (or due to other factors that scientists don't yet understand). And some people will experience some degree of dermatitis into adulthood, experiencing areas of itching and a dry, scaly appearance.
Eczema is not contagious, so there's no need to keep a baby or child who has it away from siblings, other kids, or anyone else.
Prevention
Scientists believe that eczema is inherited, so there's no way to prevent it. However, because specific triggers can make it worse, flare-ups can be prevented or improved by avoiding possible triggers such as:
Also, curbing the tendency to scratch the rash can prevent the condition from worsening and progressing to cause more severe skin damage or secondary infection.
Diagnosis
Diagnosing eczema can be challenging because:
If your doctor suspects eczema, a thorough medical history is likely to be the most valuable diagnostic tool. A personal or family history of hay fever, other allergies, or asthma is often an important clue.
In addition to doing a physical examination, the doctor will likely ask about your child's symptoms and past health, your family's health, any medications your child is taking, any allergies your child may have, and other issues.
The doctor will also help you identify things in your child's environment that may be contributing to the skin irritation. For example, if your child started using a new soap or lotion before the symptoms appeared, mention this to the doctor because a substance in the soap might be irritating the skin.
The doctor also might ask about any stress your child is feeling at home, school, or elsewhere because stress can lead to eczema flare-ups.
Your doctor will also probably:
The doctor will want to rule out other diseases and conditions that can cause skin inflammation, which means that your child might need to be seen more than once before a diagnosis is made. The doctor might recommend sending your child to a dermatologist or an allergist.
An allergist can test to see if the rash is an allergic reaction to a substance. This might involve one or more of the following:
Your doctor may also ask you to eliminate certain foods (such as eggs, milk, soy, or nuts) from your child's diet, switch detergents or soaps, or make other changes for a time to find out whether your child has a reaction to something.
Treatment
Topical corticosteroids, also called cortisone or steroid creams or ointments, are commonly used to treat eczema and are not the same as the steroids used by some athletes. These medicines are usually applied directly to the affected areas twice a day.
Continue to apply the corticosteroids for as long as the doctor suggests. It's also important not to use a topical steroid prescribed for someone else. These creams and ointments vary in strength, and using the wrong strength in sensitive areas can damage the skin, especially in infants.
Nonsteroid medications are also available now in creams or ointments that can be used instead of — or in conjunction with — topical steroids.
Other prescription treatments your doctor may recommend include:
Some older kids with severe eczema may also be treated with ultraviolet light under the supervision of a dermatologist to help clear it up and make them more comfortable. In some cases, newer medications that change the way the skin's immune system reacts are also prescribed.
Helping Your Child
You can help prevent or treat eczema by keeping your child's skin from becoming dry or itchy and avoiding known triggers that cause flare-ups. Try to follow these suggestions:
Although eczema can be annoying and uncomfortable for kids, its emotional impact can become the most significant problem later — especially during the preteen and teen years, when your child will need to take responsibility for following the prevention and treatment strategies.
You can help by teaching your preteen or teen to:
When to Call the Doctor
Children and teens with eczema are prone to skin infections, especially with staph bacteria and herpesvirus. Call your doctor immediately if you notice any of the early signs of skin infection, which may include:
Also, call your doctor if you notice a sudden change or worsening of the eczema or if it isn't responding to the doctor's recommendations.
Even though eczema can certainly be bothersome for kids and parents alike, taking some preventative precautions and following the doctor's orders can help to keep it under control.
Reviewed by: Patrice Hyde, MD
Date reviewed: May 2012
Note: All information is for educational purposes only. For specific medical advice, diagnoses, and treatment, consult your doctor.
© 1995-2015 KidsHealth® All rights reserved.
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Related Resources
OrganizationAmerican Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) The AAP is committed to the health and well-being of infants, adolescents, and young adults. The website offers news articles and tips on health for families.
OrganizationAmerican Academy of Dermatology Provides up-to-date information on the treatment and management of disorders of the skin, hair, and nails.
OrganizationNational Eczema Association This site contains information about eczema, dermatitis, and sensitive skin.
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ML Community Day is November 9! Join us for updates from TensorFlow, JAX, and more Learn more
Extra functionality for TensorFlow, maintained by SIG-addons.
import tensorflow as tf
import tensorflow_addons as tfa
train,test = tf.keras.datasets.mnist.load_data()
x_train, y_train = train
x_train = x_train[..., tf.newaxis] / 255.0
# TFA layers and activations
model = tf.keras.Sequential([
tf.keras.layers.Conv2D(filters=10, kernel_size=(3,3),
activation=tfa.activations.gelu),
tfa.layers.GroupNormalization(groups=5, axis=3),
tf.keras.layers.Flatten(),
tf.keras.layers.Dense(10, activation='softmax')
])
# TFA optimizers, losses and metrics
model.compile(
optimizer=tfa.optimizers.RectifiedAdam(0.001),
loss=tfa.losses.TripletSemiHardLoss(),
metrics=[tfa.metrics.MultiLabelConfusionMatrix(num_classes=10)])
history = model.fit(x_train, y_train, epochs=10)
TensorFlow SIG Addons is a repository of community contributions that conform to well-established API patterns, but implement new functionality not available in core TensorFlow.
TensorFlow natively supports a large number of operators, layers, metrics, losses, optimizers, and more. However, in a fast moving field like ML, there are many interesting new developments that cannot be integrated into core TensorFlow (because their broad applicability is not yet clear, or it is mostly used by a smaller subset of the community). | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
How Joomla Code Works
When you type a URL that points to an article in the front page of Joomla site, the first thing that happens depends on the web server (Apache or IIS), not Joomla. The web server first tries to find a file or folder. Failing that, it tries to find a file called index.php. Since this file exists, it is executed.
All URLs for the front end start the same way. Every front-end command cycle starts with the web server loading the index.php file.
The Joomla index.php File
The first line of index.php defines a constant _JEXEC
define('_JEXEC', 1);
Next, the index.php file includes a file, defines.php that has a number of constants.
define('JPATH_BASE', __DIR__);
require_once JPATH_BASE . '/includes/defines.php';
After that, it loads the Joomla framework.
require_once JPATH_BASE . '/includes/framework.php';
The framework.php file does some important tasks. It loads the file libraries/cms.php, which in turn loads some important classes, including JFactory. It makes sure you have a configuration.php file. If you don’t have one, it forces to the installation application to try to install Joomla. If the installation files cannot be found, it shows an error message and quits.
Next, the index.php file creates the application object ($app) and then execute it through execute() method.
// Instantiate the application.
$app = JFactory::getApplication('site');
// Execute the application.
$app->execute();
At this point, you get a session. Joomla either loads the existing session or create a new one if one isn’t found. Joomla also loads the configuration.php file, which gives access to the Joomla database and other settings for this specific website.
Components in Joomla
When you open any web page powered by Joomla CMS, it delivers the results of a component.
The Joomla tries to find and load the base file from components/com_<name> folder. For example, if your component is 'com_test' you should have a 'com_test' folder and a file named 'test.php' inside of it. Which component get loaded? This depends on the menu item. The default menu item loads the home page of the website.
The base file of the component use a Model-View-Controller (MVC) pattern.
Joomla makes extensive use of the MVC design pattern. When Joomla is started to process a request from a user (browser or client), one of the first things that Joomla does is to analyse the URL to determine which component will be responsible for processing the request, and hand control over to that component. If the component has been designed according to the MVC pattern, it will pass control to the controller. The controller is responsible for analyzing the request and determining which models will be needed to satisfy the request, and which view should be used to return the results back to the user.
The model encapsulates the data (usually from database) used by the component. The model is also responsible for updating the database where appropriate. The purpose of the model is to isolate the controller and view from the details of how data is obtained or amended.
The view is responsible for generating the output that gets sent to the browser by the component. It calls on the model for any information it needs and formats it appropriately.
Modules & Templates in Joomla
As Joomla is designed to be highly modular, the output from the component is generally only part of the complete web page that the user will ultimately see. Once the view has generated the output, the component hands control back to the Joomla framework which then loads and executes the template. The template combines the output from the component, and any modules that are active on the current page, so that it can be delivered to the browser as a single page.
Template Overrides
Joomla splits the traditional view into a separate view and layout. The view pulls data from the model and simply makes that data available to the layout, which is responsible for formatting the data for presentation to the user.
The advantage of having this split is that the Joomla template system provides a simple mechanism for layouts to be overridden in the template. These layout overrides or template overrides are bundled with the template and give the template designer complete control over all the output from the Joomla core and any installed third-party extensions that comply with the MVC design pattern.
Star InactiveStar InactiveStar InactiveStar InactiveStar Inactive
| ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Wikipedia:Wikifinagling
Wikifinagling (and the related term finagling) is a pejorative term which describes various questionable ways of trying to misuse or circumvent Wikipedia rules or procedures. It may refer to certain quasi-legal practices or others, including:
* 1) Using formal legal terms in an inappropriate way when discussing Wikipedia policy;
* 2) Abiding by the letter of a policy or guideline while violating its spirit or underlying principles;
* 3) Asserting that the technical interpretation of Policies and guidelines should override the underlying principles they express;
* 4) Misinterpreting policy or relying on technicalities to justify inappropriate actions;
* 5) Waiting until a person leaves on WP:wikibreak, or is blocked, to rewrite or delete their work, without consensus;
* 6) Making a series of small edits to delete one phrase at a time, to bypass WP:NOTCENSORED, which forbids removing text simply because it seems objectionable to some users;
* 7) Writing veiled insults or slurs, to bypass restrictions of WP:CIVIL or WP:No Personal Attacks.
In other words, a "wikifinagler" is a person who deliberately misuses or circumvents rules. Also, the term may be used in other cases, e.g., when a person superficially judges other editors and their actions by jumping at conclusions and slapping labels, while brandishing Wikipedia policies as a tool for defeating other Wikipedians, rather than resolving a conflict or finding a mutually agreeable solution.
Wikipedia policies and procedures should be interpreted in a commonsensical way to achieve the purpose of the policy, or help with dispute resolution. Typically, wikifinagling raises procedural or evidentiary points in a manner analogous to that used in formal legal proceedings, often using ill-founded legal reasoning. Occasionally, wikifinagling may raise legitimate questions, including fairness, but often it serves to evade an issue or obstruct the crafting of a workable solution.
For example, while it is often impossible to definitely establish the actual user behind a set of sockpuppets, it is not an acceptable defense that all the sockpuppets which emerge were not named in the request for arbitration, nor if a sockpuppet name is misspelled.
As another example, the Three-Revert Rule is a measure of protection against edit warring. An editor who intentionally reverts the same article three times every day is not breaching the letter of this rule, but violates the principle (spirit) of the rule – and can thus be sanctioned for revert warring.
See for an actual example of conflation of judicial proceedings and Wikipedia arbitration procedures (It is probable the poster intended this to be satire in an attempt to make a point about a particular editing dispute.).
Some veiled insults could be posted in carefully crafted text, which is not a direct personal attack, but seems suspiciously negative. The typical case would be denying the insult, such as: "Not that I'm saying you're dim-witted but...". A more indirect veiled insult has been worded as, "How would you like to called stupid because if you keep going, some might say that". Also, there are subtle cases to beware: "Your writing skills are a bit lacking, if I may say so." Such veiled insults are a form of wikifinagling, to avoid being obvious violations of WP:NPA. On the other hand, beware someone wikifinagling how any negative phrase is a personal attack on them. For example, just mentioning a negative word is NOT a personal attack, such as posting to a 3rd party, "The film Forrest Gump had that famous line: Stupid is as stupid does". That is NOT a personal attack to other users of Wikipedia, but claiming that it is, might be a case of Wikifinagling, in trying to claim WP:NPA where an attack was not actually made. In general, a personal attack requires the word "you" or "your", and sarcasm is difficult to judge ("You are such a genius"), so there are some gray areas where insults cannot be proven and would slip through.
Advocacy in Wikipedia
Use of authentic legal skills by legal professionals or other persons, trained and skilled in the arts of negotiation and advocacy, is welcome in proceedings of the Arbitration Committee and on Wikipedia in a variety of contexts. Please see Requests for arbitration/How to present a case for some suggestions regarding effective advocacy. Precis: common sense trumps process.
A common mistake of misguided advocacy is when a person assigns themselves a mediator and proceeds with judging the sides by telling them whether they are right or wrong, instead of helping the sides to better state their positions and to find common grounds. It is not uncommon that one side is wrong indeed, and in such a case, a mediator starts looking as if taking sides, thus alienating the wrong side and triggering their defense instincts, further entrenching them away from an amicable resolution.
Negative connotations
Some Wikipedians could allege that the charge of wikifinagling is used, particularly by Wikipedians more influential than them, to marginalize and avoid giving careful attention to their claims. It has also been noted that some new users tend to believe nuanced complex policy (particularly WP:NPOV) conforms to their point of view, and will repeatedly cite some general policies, rather than providing specific rationale for their edits, or rather than seek consensus with the related editors.
The word "Wikifinagling" typically has negative connotations, much like the term "meatpuppet"; those utilizing the term should take care that it can be backed up and isn't frivolous (see WP:NPA and WP:CIVIL).
In cases where it is possible a user is simply mistaken or naive and not deliberately deceiving others, efforts should be made to educate them, rather than labeling their actions as "wikifinagling".
Misuse of the term
As any pejorative, the term is easily misused. As any pejorative, it is an offense towards a fellow Wikipedian. At the same time, the notions of offense (in a debate) and insult should not be confused. While there is a blurred gray zone between offense and insult, the major distinction is that an offense in a debate is argumentative, while an insult is ... an insult, i.e., an act of demeaning an opponent. An offense is always specific, i.e., addresses a particular argument or reasoning, while an insult is generalizing and dismissive. For example, the phrase "You are wikifinagling" is an insult. On the other hand, the message "Therefore I conclude that you are stretching the WP:NOT policy here beyond common sense, i.e., you are wikifinagling", while aggressive, is not an insult, but rather a pointer to an identifiable wikibehavioral pattern.
In any case, an accusation of "wikifinagling" is never a valid argument per se, unless an explanation is given why particular actions may be described as wikifinagling, and the term "wikifinagling" is used as a mere shortcut to these explanations.
Confronting other users
Unless a situation is being investigated as a clear case of wikifinagling, it is often better to discuss the case in terms of some particular policy being skirted. For example, if novel ideas are being added in a way to bypass WP:NPOV, then simply discuss the situation as possibly violating the spirit of "No original research" rather accuse a person of wikifinagling. As another example, if some people have left on WP:wikibreak and their writing is being altered to reach a new consensus viewpoint, it might be better to advise that consensus debates should wait until they return from break.
Occasionally, editors who engage in semantic discussions about the language of a policy or guideline, or propose minor changes in the wording of a policy or guideline, might be accused of wikifinagling. In such cases, it may make sense instead to assume good faith and engage in the discussion productively, rather than tar those editors with the wikifinagling brush. And simply being a stickler about Wikipedia policies/guidelines and process does not make an editor a wikifinagler.
Some areas require legalistic discussions
Although many discussions can be conducted without extreme attention to policy details, there are some areas of Wikipedia which do concern those details. Remember that Wikipedia has an Arbitration Committee closely modelled on a court of law, a system of elections of administrators and bureaucrats, Featured Article & Good Article review procedures, and various other formal processes.
There is an older term, WP:Wikilawyering (from 2005) which was derived from legal procedures, and might be more limited in ways of bypassing rules.
Policies, guidelines and essays
* Wikifogging - acting in a foggy/hazy manner but not always devious
* Gaming the system - exploiting loopholes while not violating policies
* Do not disrupt Wikipedia to illustrate a point
* WP:ADMINSHOP (Forum-shopping)
* Policy shopping
* Ignore all rules
Articles
* Abuse of process
* Barratry
* Frivolous lawsuit
* Legal technicality
* Malicious prosecution
* Nomic
* Rules lawyer
* Vexatious litigation | WIKI |
Apache Solr 6 Basic Example | JavaInUse
SolrJ Basic Example
Overview
In this tutorial we get started with SolrJ by creating a simple example using Apache Solr 6. SolrJ is an API that makes it easy for Java applications to talk to Solr. SolrJ hides a lot of the details of connecting to Solr and allows your application to interact with Solr with simple high-level methods. The center of SolrJ is the org.apache.solr.client.solrj package, which contains just five main classes. Begin by creating a SolrClient, which represents the Solr instance you want to use. Then send SolrRequests or SolrQuerys and get back SolrResponses.
In previous tutorial we configured solr for adding the following fields for the core Person-
<field name="name" type="string" indexed="true" stored="true"/>
<field name="age" type="int" indexed="true" stored="true"/>
In this tutorial we will create a simple SolrJ client to index and query content for the core Person.
Code for indexing the document-
package com.javainuse;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.solr.client.solrj.SolrServerException;
import org.apache.solr.client.solrj.impl.CommonsHttpSolrServer;
import org.apache.solr.common.SolrInputDocument;
public class SolrjExample {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException,
SolrServerException {
CommonsHttpSolrServer server = new CommonsHttpSolrServer(
"http://localhost:8983/solr/person");
//Create solr document
SolrInputDocument doc = new SolrInputDocument();
doc.addField("name", "tester11");
doc.addField("age", 38);
server.add(doc);
server.commit();
}
}
Code for querying the document-
package com.javainuse;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.solr.client.solrj.SolrQuery;
import org.apache.solr.client.solrj.SolrServerException;
import org.apache.solr.client.solrj.impl.CommonsHttpSolrServer;
import org.apache.solr.client.solrj.response.QueryResponse;
import org.apache.solr.common.SolrDocumentList;
public class SolrJQueryExample {
public static void main(String[] args) throws SolrServerException,
IOException {
CommonsHttpSolrServer solr = new CommonsHttpSolrServer(
"http://localhost:8983/solr/person");
SolrQuery query = new SolrQuery();
query.setQuery("*:*");
query.addFilterQuery("name : tester1");
QueryResponse response = solr.query(query);
SolrDocumentList results = response.getResults();
//iterate the results
for (int i = 0; i < results.size(); ++i) {
System.out.println(results.get(i));
}
}
}
See Also
Discontinuation of Google Search Appliance- Finding the best Alternative.
Apache Solr 6 Hello World Tutorial- Getting Started with Apache Solr 6 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
...
What are magnet links
How Magnet Links Are Different From .Torrent Files
When you download a .torrent file, you're essentially downloading a small file that contains information on the larger files you want to download. The torrent file tells your torrent client the names of the files being shared, a URL for the tracker, and more. Your torrent client then calculates a hash code, which is a unique code that only that torrent has—kind of like an ISBN or catalog number. From there, it can use that code to find others uploading those files, so you can download them from them.
A magnet link does away with the middleman. A magnet link is essentially a hyperlink containing the hash code for that torrent, which your torrent client can immediately use to start finding people sharing those files. Magnet links don't require a tracker, nor does it require you to download a separate file before starting the download, which is convenient.
How to Use Magnet Links
Magnet links are dead simple to use. If you head to the Pirate Bay now, you'll notice that magnet links are now the default, with the "Get Torrent File" link in parentheses next to it (a link which will disappear in a month or so). Just click on the magnet link, and your browser should automatically open up your default BitTorrent client and start downloading. It's that easy.
What This Ultimately Means for You
The short answer is nothing. In fact, it could mean that downloading torrents takes one or two fewer clicks since all you have to do is click on the link to start the download. When magnet links first came out, not all torrent clients supported them, but now you can use magnet links with just about any semi-popular torrent client out there.
The main reason torrent sites are moving toward magnet links—apart from convenience to the user—is that these links (probably) free torrent sites like The Pirate Bay from legal trouble. Since The Pirate Bay won't be hosting files that link to copyrighted content—that is, the torrent files—it's more difficult to claim the site is directly enabling the downloading of the copyrighted material. Whether this semantic leap actually protects torrent sites remains to be seen, but for now, you can sleep soundly knowing that the sites will stick around for a while longer and that your torrents will take one less click to get started. If you want to read more about magnet links, check out the Wikipedia page on the subject. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Sigdal
Sigdal is a municipality in Buskerud County, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Prestfoss.
The municipality of Sigdal was established on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). The area of Krødsherad was separated from Sigdal on 1 January 1901. The municipality has common borders with the municipalities of Flå, Krødsherad, Modum, Øvre Eiker, Flesberg, Rollag, and Nore og Uvdal.
Name
The Old Norse form of the name was Sigmardalr or Sigmudalr. The first element is the genitive case of a river name Sigm(a) (now called the Simoa) and the last element is dalr which means "valley" or "dale". The Simoa river runs through Sigdal, flowing in a south-easterly course until it flows into Drammenselva at Åmot in Modum. The meaning of the river name is unknown, but is maybe derived from síga which means to "ooze" or "slide".
Coat-of-arms
The coat-of-arms is from modern times. They were granted on 18 November 1983. The arms show a heraldic image of the mountain that dominates the view around the village, the Andersnatten. The profile of the mountain is yellow with a blue-colored sky above.
Geography and population
Most of the citizens live in the village of Eggedal or the administrative centre of Prestfoss. Sigdal is densely populated, dominated by mountains and valleys.
About 72% of the area is covered with forest, 20% is mountain areas, and 4% of the area is cultivated. Agriculture, forestry, and the kitchen-producing enterprise of Sigdal Kjøkken are still important industries.
Climate
Sigdal has a humid continental (Dfb), near subarctic climate (Dfc), Dsb, and Dsc (the dry-summer versions, respectively) at once. The average summer high is 69 F, and the average winter low is 20 F. Snowfall in winter is fairly reliable, at 68 days per year on average, and rainfall peaks in summer and early fall. The highest and lowest temperatures ever recorded in Sigdal are 93 F (34 C) in July and-11 F (-24 C) in February, respectively.
Local Attractions
* Folk Music Center (Folkemusikksenteret) is a cultural heritage museum offering a good image of the building style and traditions of the district. The Folk Music Center is principally responsible for collecting, storing and promoting local folk music and dance.
* Sigdal-Eggedal Museum is a regional museum for Krødsherad, Modum and Sigdal. This museum dedicated to the region's culture and history is arranged particularly authentically.
* Vatnås Church (Vatnås kirke) is a historic church dating from 1660.
* Lauvlia is the former home of Theodor Kittelsen, one of the most popular artists in Norway, who settled near Prestfoss during 1899. Today Lauvlia is a private museum featuring an exhibition of Kittelsen’s original work
* Andersnatten is a well-known mountain and landmark. The mountain has inspired painters visiting or living in Sigdal, notably Theodor Kittelsen and Christian Skredsvig. It is recognized by mountain climbers as a tough challenge.
Protected areas in Sigdal Municipality
* Heimseteråsen nature reserve, established on 13 December 2002, 2,515 acres
* Solevatn nature reserve, established 20 June 1986, 538 acres
* Trillemarka nature reserve, established on 13 December 2002, 43,285 acres
Notable residents
* Christian Skredsvig (1854 - 1924) Norwegian artist and painter
* Theodor Kittelsen (1857 - 1914) Norwegian artist and painter
* Erik Ramstad (1860 - 1951) Norwegian-American founder of Minot, North Dakota
* Eileif Kolsrud (1873 – 1953) a Norwegian educator and politician, Mayor of Kristiansund
* Gulbrand Hagen (1864 - 1919) Norwegian-American newspaper editor and writer
* Olaf Solumsmoen (1896 - 1972) a Norwegian newspaper editor and politician
* Olaf Knudson (1915 – 1996) politician, deputy mayor of Sigdal in 1950's
* Erling Kroken (1928-2007) a Norwegian ski jumper
* Dag Aabye (born 1941) an endurance runner in British Columbia, "Father of Freeride Skiing"
* Anne-Lise Berntsen (1943-2012) a Norwegian soprano
* Grete Kummen (born 1952) a cross-country skier, competed at the 1976 Winter Olympics
* Josefine Frida Pettersen (born 1996) actress, played Noora Amalie Sætre in NRK drama series Skam
Sister cities
The following cities are twinned with Sigdal:
* 🇫🇮 Äänekoski, Central Finland, Finland
* 🇮🇸 Hveragerði, Iceland
* 🇸🇪 Örnsköldsvik, Västernorrland County, Sweden
Other sources
* Mørch, Andreas & Thormod Skatvedt Sigdal og Eggedal (Sigdal og Eggedal, 1914)
* Mørch, Andreas Frå gamle dagar. Folkeminne frå Sigdal og Eggedal (Norsk Folkeminnelag: 1932) | WIKI |
Macalelon
Macalelon, officially the Municipality of Macalelon, is a 4th class municipality in the province of Quezon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 27,312 people.
The Tikoy Festival (rice cake) and the Kubol Festival are well known for this town. Macalelon is 99 km from Lucena and 229 km from Manila.
History
Macalelon began as a barrio in 1696. It became a town between 1787 to 1793.
Barangays
Macalelon is politically subdivided into 30 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.
* Amontay
* Anos
* Buyao
* Candangal
* Calantas
* Lahing
* Luctob/Townsite
* Mabini Ibaba
* Mabini Ilaya
* Malabahay
* Mambog
* Olongtao Ibaba
* Olongtao Ilaya
* Padre Herrera
* Pajarillo
* Pinagbayanan
* Rodriguez (Poblacion)
* Rizal (Poblacion)
* Castillo (Poblacion)
* Pag-Asa (Poblacion)
* Masipag (Poblacion)
* Damayan (Poblacion)
* San Isidro
* San Jose
* San Nicolas
* San Vicente
* Taguin
* Tubigan Ibaba
* Tubigan Ilaya
* Vista Hermosa
Climate
Macalelon is geographically vulnerale to instances of flooding. According to a 2017 flood mapping survey by the University of the Philippines Diliman and Mapua Institute of Technology on the Macalelon River, it was revealed that about half of the town's land area could experience floods below 0.20 meters within five years. Additionally, 7.91% of the area might experience 0.21 to 0.50 meters of flooding, and 14.9% could experience floods ranging from 0.51 meters to over 5 meters deep.
Economy
From Macalelon's total land area, 75.98 percent of it is dedicated for agricultural use.
Immaculate Conception Parish Church
Coral stone blocks make up this edifice which was erected in 1854. The convent of the church was built in 1870 and in 1875, the Parish of the Immaculate Concepcion was established.
Flanked by two small belfries, it is situated on top of a small hill.
Communication
Major communication companies that provides internet services are available in the municipality: Globe, Smart and Dito; Voice and data by PLDT, CONVERGE is also available in the area.
Education
* High schools
* Calantas National High School (CNHS)
* Macalelon High School (MHS)
* Mary Immaculate Parochial School (MIPS)
* Olongtao National High School (ONHS) | WIKI |
Kagulu Hill
Kagulu Hill, also Kagulu Rock, is a rocky prominence that rises 3500 ft, above sea level, in the Eastern Region of Uganda.
Location
The hill is located in Buyende county, Buyende District, in Uganda's Eastern Region. This is about 42 km north-east of Kamuli, the nearest town. Kagulu is approximately 106 km north of Jinja, the largest city in the Busoga sub-region. The coordinates of Kagulu Hill are 01°13'15.0"N, 33°19'50.0"E (Latitude:1.220833; Longitude:33.330556).
History
Oral tradition holds that the Basoga migrated to present-day Busoga from the east, circa 1650 AD. The original Basoga are said to have arrived across Lake Kyoga and settled in the caves at the bottom of this hill. The Basoga have traditional caretakers who live on the hill, going back many centuries.
The caves were discovered in 1686, during the reign of Olimi I of Bunyoro Kitara. When Bunyoro conquered Busoga, Prince Mukama Namutukula of Bunyoro made the Kagulu caves his personal residence. The location where Namutukula landed by boat, lies about 10 km away, on the shores of Lake Kyoga. To the west of Kagulu Hill, are six smaller hills in a line namely; Kagwese, Mawaale, Mpanga, Nakyeere, Bukolimo and Butadewo.
Tourism
Due to the panoramic view from the top, the rocky hill has become a tourist attraction in the 21st century. From the top of Kagulu Hill, one can view the Victoria Nile, where it enters Lake Kyoga. There is a waterfall, where water emanates from the rocks and cascades down the hill. Exploring the caves at the bottom of the hill offers another activity to visiting travelers. | WIKI |
Mamade
Mamadev is a large village in Mohania block of Kaimur district, Bihar, India. It is located just east of Mohania. As of 2011, its population was 2,597, in 363 households. | WIKI |
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 51.djvu/114
from 1349 to 1372. There is no proof, as is commonly stated, that the judge was father of Michael Scott, who in 1346–7 was assessed to the sixteenth in Bircholt.
Obscurity in the history of the family of Scott of Scot's Hall ceases with the settlement by Peter de Coumbe in 1402 of the manor of Combe or Coumbe in Brabourne on William Scott (d. 1434), who was escheator for Kent in 1425, sheriff in 1428, and M.P. in 1430. Before 1409 he married his first wife, Joan, daughter of Sir John de Orlestone (d. 1397), and by purchase or inheritance he acquired the manor and church of Orlestone, which had belonged to her family. He presented to the church in 1426, 1430, and 1433. He is believed to have built on the manor of Hall the mansion-house afterwards known as Scot's Hall. To him also was probably due the reconstruction in the Perpendicular style of the chapel of the Holy Trinity to the south of the chancel in Brabourne church, at the entrance of which he directed that he should be buried (cf. ). He died on 5 Feb. 1433–4. His second wife was Isabella, youngest daughter of Vincent Herbert, alias Finch, of Netherfield, Sussex (ancestor of the earls of Winchilsea); she survived him, and remarried Sir Gervase Clifton, treasurer of the household to Henry VI, who resided at Brabourne. By his second wife William Scott had, with other issue, an heir, John, and William (d. 1491). The latter was lord of the manor of Woolstan, and founder of the family of Scott of Chigwell, Essex.
The heir, (d. 1485) of Scot's Hall, a consistent Yorkist, was appointed sheriff of Kent in 1460, and, on the accession of Edward IV next year, was knighted and made comptroller of the household. Edward IV, on the attainder in 1461 of Thomas, baron de Roos, and James Butler, earl of Wiltshire, gave him the castle and manor of Wilderton and Molash in Kent and the manor of Old Swinford and Snodsbury in Worcestershire, with a life interest in the castle and manor of Chilham. He was one of the negotiators of the treaty of commerce with Burgundy, concluded at Brussels on 24 Nov. 1467, and of the marriage treaty [see ], and one of the commission for the delimitation of the Pale of Picardy, appointed on 18 June 1472. He was returned to parliament for Kent in 1467, and was engaged in the following years on diplomatic negotiations with the Hanse Towns. In 1471 he succeeded Richard Neville, earl Warwick, whom he was sent to arrest in France after the battle of Stamford (May 1470), as lieutenant of Dover Castle, warden of the Cinque ports, and marshal of Calais, and continued in active diplomatic employment. He died on 17 Oct. 1485, and was buried in the north wall of the chancel of Brabourne church. His arms are in the north window of ‘the martyrdom’ at Canterbury Cathedral. His account-book (1463–6) was printed in ‘Archæologia Cant.’ vol. x. By his wife Agnes (d. 1487), daughter of William de Beaufitz of the Grange, Gillingham, Kent, he had, with two daughters, an heir, William. The statement that Thomas Rotherham [q. v.] was a younger son is without foundation.
(1459–1524) of Brabourne was concerned in the siege of Bodiam Castle in 1483–4, for which and other delinquencies he received a pardon on the accession of Henry VII. Rising in favour with that monarch, he was sworn of the privy council, appointed comptroller of the household, and created C.B. with Prince Arthur on 29 Nov. 1489. He was also lieutenant of Dover Castle, warden of the Cinque ports, and marshal of Calais in 1490–1, sheriff of Kent the same year, in 1501 and 1516. In 1495 he succeeded to the manor of Brabourne on the death, without issue, of Joan, widow of Sir John Lewknor (killed at Tewkesbury 1471). The property came to her from her father Richard, son of John Halsham, and, by a settlement of 1464, was limited to John Scott and his heirs, failing Joan Lewknor's issue. John Scott's relationship to the Halshams and Lewknors is not established. In 1519 Sir William attended Henry VIII at the Field of the Cloth of Gold, and figured among the grandees deputed with Wolsey to receive the Emperor Charles V on his landing at Dover on 28 May 1522. Scot's Hall he rebuilt in a style of such splendour as to make it long the rival of the greatest of the houses of Kent. He died on 24 Aug. 1524, and was buried in the chancel of Brabourne church. By his wife Sybil (d. 1527) he left issue. A younger son, Edward (d. 1535), married Alice, daughter of Thomas Fogge, serjeant porter of Calais, and founded the family of Scott of the Mote, Iden, Sussex.
His heir, (1484?–1533), was knighted by the young Prince Charles (afterwards the Emperor Charles V) for gallantry displayed in the campaign of 1511 in the Low Countries against the Duke of Guelders [see ]. He entered the retinue of George Neville, lord Abergavenny, constable of Dover Castle, and had charge of the transport service on the landing of Charles V at Dover on 28 May 1522. He was sheriff of Kent in 1527, and died 7 Oct. 1533. By marriage with Anne, daughter of Reginald Pympe (said to be de- | WIKI |
ORGANIC SHAMPOO AND CONDITIONER
ORGANIC SHAMPOO AND CONDITIONER
Nowadays, it appears as though there is a natural option for everything- - natural toothpaste, natural socks, natural sleeping cushions. What's more, with "natural" being slapped on items left and right, its starting to free its introductory eco-accommodating appeal. So what does it truly mean?
Furthermore, all the more significantly, when is it better to stay far from the customary thing and grab up the natural option? So regarding your cleanser and conditioner, we've got news for you- - natural is the best approach. Ordinary hair care items frequently contain hurtful petroleum-based polymers, silicones and manufactured chemicals that strip hair of its regular oils and leave locks dry and harmed (I'm speculating not what you're going for).
Their natural partners Organic shampoos and conditioners then again are intended to purify and feed hair with every normal fixing.Not just is it better for your hair and scalp, but at the same time its a little commitment towards a cleaner situation (win-win circumstance!) Now here comes the next inquiry - what's preventing you from attempting these natural hair items at this moment? Whenever you're examining the hair consideration segment at your neighborhood super store , make sure to look at the natural shampoos and conditioners.
We swear that they'll leave your hair sound and your surroundings upbeat.At the point when looking for natural cleanser and conditioner items, you ought to be mindful so as to peruse the names of items before purchasing them. Despite the fact that a few items case to be all common or natural, not every one of them entirely hold fast to this guarantee. Regularly, on the off chance that you read more than nine or ten fixings on an item mark, the item probably contains at any rate some engineered materials.
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Home • Coniophora olivacea MUCL 20566 v1.0
Photo of Coniophora olivacea MUCL 20566 v1.0
Photo credit: Manuel Alfaro, at Public University of Navarre
C. olivacea is a wood-decay species belonging to the Coniophora genus, in the order Boletales. It grows on dead wood of conifers and less frequently on hardwood species and it is classified as a brown rot fungus. Also, it is frequently observed causing damage in buildings or construction materials. Morphological differentiation of Coniophora species is difficult because they don’t exhibit phenotypic differences in cultured mycelia and fruitbodies are rare. Thus, molecular methods are often required for species identification. In this sense, it has been suggested that this genus carries an important number of cryptic species harbouring more diversity than previously expected. The very few studies available point to a similar capacity of wood decay by the most common species of this genus, such C. puteana, C. olivacea, C. arida and C. marmorata.
The genome of C. olivacea was sequenced within the framework of the 1000 Fungal Genomes Project, and will offer the possibility of establishing comparisons with other close species such C. puteana, providing insights into the genomic variability of this genus at a whole-genome level. Also, it will contribute to new studies targeting specific gene families of fungal species showing different lifestyles, as well as comparative analyses with more divergent species.
Genome Reference(s) | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Florida ‘Dirt Bond’ Tax Districts May Be Part of Review Proposed by Scott
(Corrects second paragraph description of amount of taxes
levied). Governor Rick Scott plans to ask the
Legislature for authority to review Florida ’s special taxing
districts, which collect $15.4 billion a year, as a way to lower
residents’ costs. The entities tax homeowners within designated boundaries to
support such things as community hospitals, water-flow
management and infrastructure for housing developments. Taxes by
the 1,633 districts compare with $22.6 billion raised by the
state in fiscal 2011. Among areas for review may be community development
districts, which issue bonds to finance roads and utility lines
to make raw land suitable for builders. At least $2.9 billion of
the $7 billion of so-called dirt bonds outstanding defaulted,
according to data compiled by Bloomberg, because unfinished
projects lack enough homeowner taxes to repay them. The first-term Republican governor wants “to see what
efficiencies or ways to save money we can identify so we can
reduce the tax burden” by rooting out “bad actors,” Jon
Costello, Scott’s legislative affairs director, told a House
committee in Tallahassee today. A June auditor general’s report recommended that Florida
“establish parameters” for the amount of bonds development
districts can issue after finding that almost a third were
behind on payments and one in seven was paying from reserves. The governor is studying which districts he will review and
whether development zones will be among them, said Costello. “We’re going to look at all the special districts and
figure out which ones we want to concentrate on,” he said in an
interview yesterday. New Law Scott, 58, pushed for a law enacted last year that lowered
taxes levied by Florida’s five water-management districts by
about 30 percent. The former health-industry executive also
appointed a task force to examine hospital districts, which
account for about a quarter of the taxation, his office said. The broader investigation would include a review of the
districts’ missions, the compensation of directors and how
boards are chosen, Costello said. Any changes won’t be radical,
he said. “The governor’s not looking to take an ax to special
districts,” he said. “He’s looking to take a measured approach
and to really investigate it and see where things can be fixed
and where things are running properly.” Larry Ahern, Republican chairman of the Joint Legislative
Auditing Committee, said in an interview yesterday that limiting
dirt-bond districts’ taxing power was something “to look at.”
He said he had no immediate plan to introduce legislation. To contact the reporter on this story:
Simone Baribeau in Tallahassee at
sbaribeau@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Mark Tannenbaum at
mtannen@bloomberg.net | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
The speech “Miss Polly Baker, before a Court of Judicature,” was given in a court in 1747. Miss Polly Baker who lives in New England was prosecuted for the fifth time for having children without marriage. She represents her financial instability, so she is unable to hire an attorney to argue for her. She is addressing her difficulties and the worse time she is suffering from and making an effort to convince the court to pass out with her punishment and to persuade one of the judges to marry her the next day. Initially, she disagrees with this law and argues that she brought up in an inoffensive environment. She built her arguments asserting that she would absolutely admit her fine if she had ever done anything wrong with any man, women, or child. Furthermore, she reprints her emotions “I cannot conceive (may it please your Honors) what the Nature of my Offence is. Pathos I have brought Five fine Children into the World, at the Risk of my Life.” She realizes the judges, it is not a crime in the nature of things that she has given birth to five children at her own risk of life? she didn’t cheat with any other woman’s husband, but still is being punished for unreasonable law. Baker conveys a message that religion has nothing to do with the Act of Assembly, so why is she being punished? She has been excluded from the church, but still being punished as an extra punishment with laws of Assembly. She asserts that instead of her crime, the court should consider “the great and growing Number of Bachelors in the Country…… Hundreds of their Posterity to the Thousandth Generation.” Finally, she asserts that instead of compelling her, compel people with law and fines who are responsible for fornication. Baker says my examples and advice should be considered and there should be a new history upon my speech. The speaker uses several rhetorical strategies, such as logos, pathos, and ethos to convince the judges to revoke her fine and to convey her message as an example for the next generations.
The individual of this speech uses pathos the good use of appeal to emotions. Baker uses emotions to convince the judges about her financial instability as baker asserts, “May it please the Honorable Bench to indulge me in a few words: I am a poor unhappy Woman, who have no Money to fee Lawyers to plead for me.” She begins her arguments by giving respect and honoring judges and indulging them into emotions. She represents her as an innocent and poverty-stricken lady who does not have enough money to hire an attorney to argue for her. As we know she has brought to the court for the fifth time for having children without marriage and she is suffering from heavy fines by the court. She arguments with judges using the strategy of emotions to display her poverty and to revoke her fine. She wants her fine to be passed out as she says that she is already suffering from her poverty and this fine is increasing her difficulties which makes her intolerable. It is the fact when you are financially unstable, you face, suffer, and bear from this type of complications as Baker is suffering from.
The speaker of this speech is using logos rhetorical strategy (appeal to logic) to represent her arguments in order to convince the judges about her lawfulness. As she asserts “but since Laws are sometimes unreasonable in themselves…I take the Liberty to say, That I think this Law, by which I am punished, is both unreasonable in itself.” Cleverly, Baker uses logic to represents her arguments to convince judges about her arguments. She asserts with the freedom that the laws can also be untrue and the law from which she is being punished is nonsensical for her. It is the fact that laws are sometimes unreasonable and causes public dispute and strikes. For example, according to U.S history, British imposed law and expected colonists (which today is America) to pay tax and for their own defense from the continued threat of Indians. Colonists were outraged by the taxes and began to organize protests. She has been humiliated by the court for no reason although she didn’t do any murder, robbery, and sex trafficking.
Using Pathos appeal to emotions, Baker appeal to emotions are its well-built arguments. She uses emotions to assure judges that her sin has no existence “Abstracted from the Law, I cannot conceive (may it please your Honors) what the Nature of my Offence is. I have brought Five fine Children into the World, at the Risk of my Life.” She is using rhetorical strategy (pathos) to persuade judges, as she says that she has given birth to five children with putting her life in danger. According to my point of view, the government should not have any interference in public personal matters. Furthermore, she argue that “I have maintained them well by my own Industry, without burthening the Township, and would have done it better, if it had not been for the heavy Charges and Fines I have paid.” she contends that she has brought up her children at her own expense without bothering the township. She would do one step ahead if the government had imposed no fine. Although law enforcement is made to lower the crime and to provide justice, this kind of laws would surely make it difficult for an alone woman to survive. It is all true that government is made to give human rights and to protect its citizen, but in this case, an alone woman is being punished for a crime that has no existence in the mother nature.
The speaker again builds her character, an appeal to emotions, here by telling her sorrowful story “ I readily consented to the only Proposal of Marriage that ever was made me, which was when I was a Virgin; but too easily confiding in the Person’s Sincerity that made it, I unhappily lost my own Honor, by trusting to his; for he got me with Child, and then forsook me.” She illustrates her dejected past with the only guy who proposed her for marriage and then ran away. She uses emotions to declare that she was maiden that time and she lost her honor trusting him.
Baker makes an appeal to ethos, here by augmenting that “the Precepts of Religion are violated by my Transgressions. If mine, then, is a religious Offence, leave it to religious Punishments.” she is using a rhetorical strategy (ethos) to argue that if she is guilty in her religion and subject to punishment by GOD, leave it to her, there shouldn’t be any interference of government. However, It is all true that there should not be any interference of government in the matter of religion. If someone is guilty in front of his/her GOD, we don’t keep the right to punish him/her.
Finally, Polly Baker in her speech makes good arguments that there should be no fines upon giving birth to children without marriage as all human deserve the rights to live their own life. Furthermore, she contends that instead of punishing an incapacitated woman, impel bachelors by law who are responsible for infidelity. In my point of view, Baker use of logic, emotions, and authority made me more favorable at her side. She clearly uses rhetorical strategies to cogent her arguments, overall, she is effective as a speaker. It is all true that this kind of law has no existence in our world, therefore, it should be stopped. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Toy Bulldog
The toy bulldog is an extinct unrecognised breed of small bulldog that existed in England during the 18th and early 19th centuries.
The same name is used for unrelated, but similar-appearing dogs, that are mostly modern crosses between bulldogs and pugs, which are also not a recognised dog breed.
Original attempts
Early dog breeders worked in two different directions, to decrease the weight to a desirable 20 pounds or so and create a new toy bulldog breed:
* 1) One method was to downsize the bulldog by selecting smaller individuals for breeding. This was not very successful, due to medical complications with breeding below normal-sized dogs. Natural dwarf bulldog puppies are occasionally borne by normal-sized parents, but they were neither the healthiest, nor the most fertile dogs, and their own puppies were often regular-sized dogs. Thus, this version of the breed was never established.
* 2) An alternate attempt at creating a toy bulldog was via crossbreeding French bulldogs with standard bulldogs or with the crossed offspring. Several dogs were presented as breed candidates by "The French Toy Bulldog Club of England" to the Kennel Club. English breeders and Kennel Club representatives refused to call a mixed-breed dog a "bulldog", and this variety of dog has also not developed to the point of a recognized breed.
The breeding programs were dropped, and the line of dogs bred from these early attempts died out.
Modern dogs
Nowadays, the term toy bulldog is occasionally used to describe a small variety of another cross also called a miniature bulldog. They are not an established breed, but rather a hybrid produced by crossbreeding bulldogs with pugs or the crossed offspring. | WIKI |
David Shepherd Nivison
David Shepherd Nivison (January 17, 1923 – October 16, 2014) was an American sinologist known for his publications on late imperial and ancient Chinese history, philology, and philosophy, and his 40 years as a professor at Stanford University. Nivison is known for his use of archaeoastronomy to accurately determine the date of the founding of the Zhou dynasty as 1045 BC instead of the traditional date of 1122 BC.
Life and career
David Shepherd Nivison was born on January 17, 1923, outside of Farmingdale, Maine. His great-uncle, Edwin Arlington Robinson, was a notable 19th-century American poet and a three-time recipient of the Pulitzer Prize.
Nivison entered Harvard University in 1940, but, like many American men of his generation, his studies were interrupted by World War II. Nivison served in the United States Army Signal Corps as a Japanese translator, where he worked in a group organized by Edwin O. Reischauer. He returned to Harvard after the war's conclusion in 1945, and graduated in 1946 with a Bachelor of Arts degree summa cum laude in Chinese. Nivison stayed at Harvard for graduate studies in Chinese, receiving his Ph.D. in 1953 with a dissertation on 18th-century Chinese philosopher Zhang Xuecheng. He worked with J.R. Hightower, Reischauer and John K. Fairbank, and his first Chinese teachers were Yang Lien-sheng and William Hung, who passed on their deep knowledge of traditional Chinese scholarship and interest in recent Western historiography.
Nivison began teaching at Stanford University in 1948, and eventually held a joint appointment at Stanford in three departments: Philosophy, Religious Studies and Chinese and Japanese. Nivison devoted time and energy in the 1950s to train himself in the field of philosophy. He audited courses at Stanford and spent the academic year 1952-1953 at Harvard, where he audited Willard Van Orman Quine's course on Philosophy of Language. He was chair of the Stanford Philosophy Department 1969-1972, a time of student protests at Stanford, as elsewhere in the world, and spent a night in the department office to protect it from attack. In 1979, the Pacific Division of the American Philosophical Association elected him president. From 1954 to 1955 Nivison was a Fulbright Fellow in Kyoto, Japan, and was a Guggenheim Fellow at Oxford University in 1973. Nivison retired from Stanford in 1988 and was designated professor emeritus.
His doctoral dissertation on Zhang Xuecheng, the neglected Qing dynasty philosopher and historian, was published in 1966 as The Life and Thought of Chang Hsüeh-Ch'eng, 1738-1801, and won that year's Julien Prize. In the field of philosophy, his major contribution is the application of the techniques of analytic philosophy to the study of Chinese thought. In Sinology, one of his contributions has been the effort to precisely date the founding of the Zhou Dynasty, based on archaeoastronomy. The traditional date was 1122 BC, but Nivison initially argued that the likely date was 1045 BC, and then eventually suggested that it was 1040 BC. As well as disagreeing with the 1045/6 BC date for the Zhou conquest of Shang, Nivison has also strongly disagreed with most of the dates published by the Chinese government's Xia-Shang-Zhou chronology project.
Nivison died at his home in Los Altos, California, on October 16, 2014, at age 91.
Major works
* The Ways of Confucianism: Investigations in Chinese Philosophy. Edited with an introduction by Bryan W. Van Norden. Chicago: Open Court Publishing, 1996. Chinese translation published as 儒家之道 : 中国哲学之探讨 (Nanjing : Jiangsu renmin chubanshe, 2006).
* Nivison, David S. (1953). "The Literary and Historical Thought of Chang Hsüeh-ch'eng, 1738-1801: A Study of His Life and Writing, With Translations of Six Essays from the Wen-shih t'ung-i". Ph.D. dissertation (Harvard University).
* The Riddle of the Bamboo Annals (Zhushu jinian jiemi 竹書紀年解謎), Taipei: Airiti Press, 2009. ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>2-1-6, a summary by Nivison here.
* Key to the Chronology of the Three Dynasties: The "Modern Text" Bamboo Annals, Philadelphia: Dept. of Asian and Middle Eastern Studies, University of Pennsylvania, 1999. ASIN B0006R6NXK
* The Life and Thought of Chang Hsüeh-ch'eng. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1966. Google Books.
* Communist Ethics and Chinese Tradition. (Cambridge: Center for International Studies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1954). ISBN
* David S. Nivison and Arthur F. Wright, eds. Confucianism in Action. (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, Stanford Studies in the Civilizations of Eastern Asia, 1959).
* David S. Nivison and Arthur F. Wright, eds. Confucianism in Action. (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, Stanford Studies in the Civilizations of Eastern Asia, 1959). | WIKI |
Online child abuse
Online child abuse is a unique form of child abuse also known as “Cyber Molestation” due to its virtual, distanced, and anonymous nature. Such abuse may not happen face-to-face, nor does it necessarily require physical contact. However, online abuse can result in negative face-to-face consequences in the form of statutory rape, forcible sexual assault, harassment, etc. In the United States, online child abuse is recognized as a form of child abuse by the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children.
Online abuse of children can occur through a variety of forms. Including, but not limited, to cyber-bullying, grooming, and sexual abuse. Such abuse requires the use of the World Wide Web or cellphones, increasing its significance in an increasingly technological world. The perpetrator of such online abuse may be a stranger or someone who is previously known by the victim. A report by the Data & Society Research Institute and the Center for Innovative Public Health Research showed that 72% of U.S. Internet users have witnessed some form of online harassment or abuse, while 47% have personally experienced it. This study found no distinction between genders with respect to harassment, but deduced that women were at risk for a wider variety of online abuse.
Governments across the world have acknowledged the importance of recognizing and combating online abuse of children. In the United States this effort is led by the Internet Crimes Against Children Task Force. This task force consists of 61 individual task forces engaging with 4,500 federal, state, and local law-enforcement agencies all with the goal of combating online abuse of children.
Cyber-bullying
Cyber-bullying, or Internet bullying, occurs when an individual or group electronically distributes negative, false, or otherwise harmful content about an individual or group using personal or private information that causes humiliation or distress to that individual. Cyber-bullying can happen through the use of any device that is able to connect to the Internet (desktop, mobile devices, gaming devices, etc.) of cellphones and does not require the perpetrator to be in the same vicinity of the victim. Cyber-bullying is especially prevalent among children as an extension of bullying within schools. A Canadian research study found that children who were victims of cyber-bullying and also bullied in school were more likely to bully others over cyberspace.
Prevalence
Studies show a rising trend in online bullying. Although it remains the least-reported form of bullying it is relatively hidden and believed to be under-reported. Because victims often cannot evade cyber-bullies, they may harbor feelings of guilt, incompetence or despair. Upwards of 37% of victims of cyber-bullying do not report their abuse. According to statistics of cyber-bullying from the i-SAFE Foundation, more than 50% of adolescents have been the victims of cyber-bullying, where one-third of them have been threatened online. A roughly equal number admit to having engaged in perpetrating cyber-bullying themselves. Of the victims that reported their abuse, 25% reported repeated cyber-bullying. The Harford County Examiner reported that far more than 50% of child victims hid the issue from their parents when it occurred. The same examination reported that 1 in 10 youths had damaging photos taken of themselves without their permission, and that girls are more likely to be involved with cyber-bullying than boys, both as bullies and as victims. Different social groups and ages tend to receive differing amounts of unwanted negative feedback. For example, a reported 55.2% of young LGBTQ community members have been victims of cyber-bullying. Another trend shows that school-aged children are more likely to be victims of online abuse.
Variation
A study in 2011 found three primary reasons for targeting others over the Internet: informal social control, dominance, and entertainment. Informal social control is applying pressure to change another person's behavior. Dominance refers to the attempt(s) of hurting someone, humiliating someone, or gaining access to their personal information (secrets, explicit photos, etc.). Entertainment refers to what is commonly known as trolling: purposefully humiliating, annoying, or bothering someone for the purpose of eliciting an emotional response for the bully's enjoyment. Perpetrators of trolling are called trolls, which are a subset of cyberbullies.
Effects
Cyber-bullying is very common among children and young adults that are ten to eighteen years old. Victims of cyber-bullying, often feel negative about themselves after being bullied. It is also common for cyber-bullying to have negative effects on cyber victims' social well-being because it has a negative impact on their self-esteem. Another consequence of cyber-bullying is that a cyber victim may fear for their own safety. Further research conducted by Patchin & Hinduja (2010) found that those involved with cyber-bullying, as perpetrators, victims, or both, have significantly lower self-esteem than those who have little to no exposure to cyber-bullying. Kowalski & Limber (2013) also found that bullies and victims had the most negative scores on most measures of psychological health, physical, health, and academic performance.
United States
In the United States, parents are encouraged to monitor their children's online activity and deal with cyber-bullying appropriately. If cyber-bullying involves sexual content or sexting, however, the cyberbully and their parents can also be subject to legal consequences, including being registered as sexual offenders. Cyber-bullying that does not involve explicit sexual content can be more difficult to prosecute because there are no federal laws directly protecting children from direct forms of cyber-bullying. Cases of cyber-bullying are difficult to pursue in the United States due to infringement on First Amendment rights (i.e.: freedom of speech).
U.S. schools can take action on incidents that occur outside of school if there is either a clear 'disruption to the educational process' or a 'true' threat to one (or more) of the students. For an expression to be considered a 'true' threat, the federal court must determine "whether a reasonable person would foresee that the statement would be interpreted by those to whom the maker communicates the statement as a serious expression of intent to harm or assault". As cyberbullying is increasingly recognized as a nationwide issue in the United States, whether or not public schools can limit their students' speech outside of school hours is becoming more of an issue.
High-profile cases of cyberbullying have been brought to the attention of state and local legislatures, and most U.S. states have implemented laws that ban any online communication that aims to cause humiliation, emotional distress, or fright. Prosecution of cyber-bullying cases are usually a combination of civil laws that best fit the nature of each individual case. Most states have both anti-bullying laws and policies, save for Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Hawaii, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, and Texas. Stopbullying.gov, a federal agency tasked with preventing all forms of bullying, has created a detailed list of state laws and policies. An examples of a state anti-bullying campaign is the Massachusetts Aggression Reduction Center, which provides curriculum to educators about cyber-bullying and its connection to bullying inside of schools.
Cyber-bullying was specifically targeted in federal law by the Megan Meier Cyber-bullying Prevention Act introduced to the House of Representatives in 2009. This prevention act sought to:
"Amend the federal criminal code to impose criminal penalties on anyone who transmits in interstate or foreign commerce a communication intended to coerce, intimidate, harass, or cause substantial emotional distress to another person, using electronic means to support severe, repeated, and hostile behavior."
This act was the result of the suicide of Megan Meier in 2006. Megan was the victim of cyber-bullying by a mother and teen daughter, which resulted in Megan committing suicide in her home in Missouri.
Grooming
Grooming is a phenomenon that can occur on or offline. The official definition of grooming used by the U.S. Department of Justice is: "a method used by offenders that involves building trust with a child and the adults around a child in an effort to gain access to and time alone with her/him. In extreme cases, offenders may use threats and physical force to sexually assault or abuse a child... The offender may assume a caring role, befriend the child or even exploit their position of trust and authority to groom the child and/or the child's family. These individuals intentionally build relationships with the adults around a child or seek out a child who is less supervised by adults in her/his life. This increases the likelihood that the offender's time with the child is welcomed and encouraged."
The above definition emphasizes the use of the child's family in building trust with the child. When grooming occurs online, however, this is frequently done without the knowledge or compliance of any adult. When children can use the Internet without supervision, there is more room for potential abuse.
Online grooming itself can be driven by a variety of things. Most common is the use of online grooming to build a trusting relationship with a child in order to engage in either online or in-person sexual acts. The Internet is used to lead a child to potential sexual behavior. Grooming can also be used for other forms of exploitation of the child, such as blackmail for monetary gain and more. The two forms may be used in combination, with groomers convincing children to perform these sexual acts, such as the sending of nude photographs, and then blackmailing the victim by threatening to release information about them.
Variation
Online grooming can occur in a variety of ways. Most commonly, chat rooms or social networks are used to make initial contact with possible victims. Groomers may also use photo-sharing apps, dating apps, or gaming websites to find their victims. After establishing an online relationship, the groomer turns conversations to more personal matters, frequently sexual topics. Groomers may then engage in sexual conversations with their victims, send nude photos or videos, encourage sexual acts on webcam, or persuade the victim to meet in person for sexual acts. Groomers are not exclusively strangers. They can be family friends or individuals who have met the child before but primarily use the Internet in order to strengthen that relationship for future exploitation of the child. Individual groomers can be of any sex, gender, or age. Grooming is considered a complicated matter, and groomers may use many tactics. Groomers may use compliments or make promises to the child in order to elicit certain behaviors. Groomers may also assert control over the child to exploit natural sexual curiosity.
Frequently, groomers make a fake profile in order to create a persona more likely to be trusted by their possible victims. Such a phenomenon is known as catfishing. The definition of a catfish is "a person who sets up a false personal profile on a social networking site for fraudulent or deceptive purposes." Although catfishing is not exclusively used by online groomers, it is a common way in which groomers contact their potential victim and build trust through a more-trustworthy false identity. Catfishing itself is not illegal in the United States, unlike identity theft, but when used as a method for online grooming is considered as the crime of grooming.
Prevalence
Grooming and overall online abuse of children is an issue of growing concern in the modern technological era. Victims of online grooming are frequently young teens, with the majority of victims being between the ages of 13 and 15. In a 2012 literature review of research in the area conducted by various English scholarly institutions, it was found that 9% of Internet users aged 10–17 reported unwanted online sexual solicitation or attempted grooming.
United States
In the United States, grooming is considered a federal offense. Several federal laws include sections involving grooming. Under section § 2422 of the United States Criminal Code:"(a) Whoever knowingly persuades, induces, entices, or coerces any individual to travel in interstate or foreign commerce, or in any Territory or Possession of the United States, to engage in prostitution, or in any sexual activity for which any person can be charged with a criminal offense, or attempts to do so, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both. (b) Whoever, using the mail or any facility or means of interstate or foreign commerce, or within the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States knowingly persuades, induces, entices, or coerces any individual who has not attained the age of 18 years, to engage in prostitution or any sexual activity for which any person can be charged with a criminal offense, or attempts to do so, shall be fined under this title and imprisoned not less than 10 years or for life." The U.S. Bar Association claims that this statute "targets the sexual grooming of minors as well as the actual sexual exploitation of them."
Because of grooming's complex nature and the relationship of trust between the groomer and the victim, grooming in and of itself is infrequently left unrecognized. Only when the grooming results in sexual acts between an adult and a minor, the exchange of sexual images, or the extortion of money does it come to the eyes of a court. In the case of Shelly Chartier, the online grooming and resulting crimes were met with jail time. Chartier, through the use of catfishing both NBA star Chris Andersen and aspiring model Paris Dunn, groomed 17-year-old Dunn into exchanging nude photos and sexual acts under the false identity of Andersen. She then sent such images to Andersen who was under the impression that he was both receiving these from Dunn herself and that Dunn was not underage. Chartier then extorted money from Andersen, claiming she would reveal his possession of child pornography unless he paid her. Chartier was eventually caught and faced 18 months in prison for various crimes, including, but not limited to, extortion, impersonation, and making threats. State legislatures, such as Illinois, have introduced language that specifically includes electronic or web-based methods of grooming into their laws.
Non-governmental advocacy
In addition to legislation, there are several non-governmental programs and initiatives aimed at the issue. For example, R.AGE, a Malaysian-based group of journalists, aims to spread information about many important issues, including online safety and the occurrence of online grooming, in the hopes of "telling stories that matter, that make a difference, that hold people accountable, that give a voice to those who don't have one." In addition, Pandora's Protect is a nonprofit organization that aims to provide support to the victims of crimes such as online grooming and assault. In addition, they spread information in order to prevent further assaults.
Sexual abuse
Online sexual abuse is a relatively modern trend, in which perpetrators utilize modern forms of technology such as live stream web cameras, cell phones, or social media to coerce targeted victims into inappropriate and sometimes illegal sex acts. Abusers do not discriminate and target victims of every walk of life. Online sexual abuse differs from other forms of sexual abuse in that it can be perpetrated stealthily on a global scale, allowing the offender to evade capture. At the same time, technology offers predators greater opportunities to find the youth that they prey upon. Children are often the targets of online sexual predators who will often bully, emotionally manipulate, blackmail, or befriend willing communicators on the web in order to obtain their desires. Online sexual abuse may vary from personal interactions between a victim and offender to a more mechanized process, in which children are sexually exploited for the perpetrators' profit. Online sexual predators often target young victims, with a study showing that 13% of children receive negative unwanted attention of a sexual nature on the Internet. Predators make contact with prospective targets in a variety of settings, although the most prolific place that predators troll is chat rooms, where 76% of known first encounters with online sexual predators occur. Predators troll chat rooms and other forms of social media like MySpace or Facebook, seeking people who outwardly share personal information.
Detection and deterrence of online sexual abuse are difficult because of the anonymous nature of the Internet; however, stopping and detecting an online predator's criminal activity is the task of various government organizations like the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). The FBI's Violent Crimes Against Children Program was specifically created, "...to provide a rapid, proactive, and comprehensive counter to all threats of abuse and exploitation of children" in its jurisdiction. The FBI accomplishes quick response times by having agents scouring the Internet in search of perpetrators; they ask for information in forums and chat-rooms and look for the telltale signs of abusive behavior in the children they interact with. Online sexual predators, however, are often difficult to distinguish because they show a misleading representation of themselves to avoid incriminating evidence. Rather than relying completely on authorities to apprehend the perpetrators of online sexual abuse, one may decrease the chances of unwanted and unsolicited advances from online predators by keeping one's intimately private details off of the Internet. Another way to avoid unwanted sexual solicitations is to ignore, block, and report an offender to the website's management staff.
United States
A variety of laws are in place to deter online criminal activity pertaining to sexual abuse. The Federal Criminal Code and Rules outlines a variety of rules and regulations regarding sexual abuse under Title 18 of the United States Code. Section 1462 titled Importation or transportation of obscene matters, outlines what would be considered transporting obscene material over the Internet. Child pornography violates this law, among others, because under this code, "Any obscene, lewd, lascivious, or filthy book, pamphlet, picture, motion-picture film, paper, letter, writing, print, or other matter of indecent character" may be subject to fine or imprisonment of up to five years.
Online sexual offenders who target children may also fall under the jurisdiction of Section 2243 Sexual abuse of a minor or ward or Section 2251 Sexual exploitation of children under which they could be prosecuted to the full extent of the law. These sections are outlined as, "...aggravated sexual abuse, sexual abuse, abusive sexual contact involving a minor or ward, or sex trafficking of children, or the production, possession, receipt, mailing, sale, distribution, shipment, or transportation of child pornography ... not less than 30 years or for life [or can carry] any term years or for life." As noted, any sexual abuse of children, whether online or in person, is subject to strict punishment by law.
Examples
Online abuse often manifests itself in physical and psychological harm to victims, as previously stated. In recent history, Larry Nassar, a USA Gymnastics team doctor, was charged with 60 years in federal prison when he pleaded guilty to charges related to receiving child pornography, possessing child pornography, and destroying and concealing evidence relating to child pornography. Prosecutors have stated that a supremely close link between his child pornography activities had directly impacted his repeat, "molestation of children". At the height of his child pornography obsession, Nassar had thousands of pictures of underage children. In the wake of this scandal, affecting hundreds of women of a variety of ages, reforms have been made to further combat future occurrences of this abuse by USA Gymnastics and Michigan State University. Also gathering a large following in the wake of this scandal is the Me Too movement.
The murder of Kacie Woody occurred after 13-year-old Woody had befriended who she thought was a 17-year-old boy named Dave Fagen via Yahoo! Messenger, but in reality this person was a 47-year-old pedophile named David Fuller. After grooming Woody through the social network, Fuller traveled to Woody's home in rural Holland, Arkansas and abducted her. After Woody was reported missing and an investigation was launched, Arkansas law enforcement and FBI agents located Woody and Fuller's bodies in a storage unit in Conway. Fuller had bound and raped Woody inside his rented minivan in the unit before shooting her in the head, and shot himself in the head before officers could arrest him. | WIKI |
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