Document stringlengths 87 1.67M | Source stringclasses 5 values |
|---|---|
Template:Attached KML/California State Route 12
California State Route 12 California State Route 12 ff0000ff 0 -122.775277,38.423087 -122.775592,38.42291 -122.776689,38.422275 -122.778705,38.421112 -122.779009,38.420931 -122.779185,38.420827 -122.77993,38.420399 -122.780238,38.420223 -122.780448,38.420101 -122.781079,38.419736 -122.78129,38.419615 -122.783256,38.418477 -122.784097,38.417992 -122.78539,38.417256 -122.787663,38.415943 -122.789161,38.415076 -122.791128,38.413939 -122.791958,38.413457 -122.792838,38.412938 -122.793626,38.412485 -122.793927,38.412299 -122.79432,38.412058 -122.794472,38.411968 -122.794713,38.411853 -122.794909,38.41171 -122.795933,38.411112 -122.797724,38.410082 -122.798018,38.409922 -122.798189,38.409834 -122.798451,38.409711 -122.798553,38.409663 -122.798739,38.409583 -122.799067,38.409454 -122.799275,38.409381 -122.80001,38.409126 -122.800218,38.409054 -122.800843,38.408837 -122.801052,38.408766 -122.801101,38.408749 -122.801249,38.408697 -122.801299,38.408681 -122.801344,38.408665 -122.801482,38.408617 -122.801528,38.408602 -122.801879,38.40848 -122.802262,38.408348 -122.802932,38.408113 -122.803283,38.407991 -122.803338,38.407971 -122.803504,38.407913 -122.80356,38.407894 -122.803785,38.407813 -122.804461,38.407573 -122.804687,38.407494 -122.805024,38.407374 -122.806035,38.407016 -122.806185,38.406963 -122.806372,38.406896 -122.806461,38.406863 -122.806731,38.406766 -122.806821,38.406735 -122.806882,38.406713 -122.807067,38.406646 -122.807129,38.406625 -122.807151,38.406616 -122.807219,38.406591 -122.807242,38.406584 -122.807359,38.406541 -122.807571,38.406465 -122.807733,38.406407 -122.808245,38.406223 -122.808793,38.406035 -122.809211,38.405886 -122.809485,38.40579 -122.809703,38.405711 -122.809969,38.405614 -122.810252,38.405511 -122.810755,38.405329 -122.81077,38.405323 -122.811038,38.40523 -122.811221,38.405164 -122.811772,38.404969 -122.811859,38.404939 -122.811957,38.404906 -122.81206,38.40487 -122.812371,38.404764 -122.812475,38.40473 -122.812712,38.40465 -122.813245,38.404478 -122.813256,38.404473 -122.814061,38.404184 -122.814491,38.404042 -122.815265,38.403776 -122.815589,38.403676 -122.815688,38.403647 -122.815874,38.403596 -122.816385,38.403468 -122.816769,38.403371 -122.816952,38.403325 -122.817695,38.403161 -122.817833,38.40313 -122.817929,38.403114 -122.818274,38.403057 -122.81832,38.403048 -122.818471,38.403019 -122.818536,38.403008 -122.818927,38.402932 -122.819079,38.402903 -122.819729,38.40277 -122.819916,38.402733 -122.82008,38.402706 -122.820149,38.402694 -122.820332,38.402665 -122.820675,38.402608 -122.820989,38.402557 -122.821378,38.402484 -122.821701,38.402418 -122.82187,38.402384 -122.822044,38.402355 -122.822079,38.402349 -122.822183,38.402332 -122.822219,38.402327 -122.8223,38.402313 -122.822348,38.402307 -122.822429,38.402299 -122.822557,38.402296 -122.822659,38.40231 -122.822735,38.402331 -122.822861,38.402368 -122.822958,38.402395 -122.822996,38.402406 -122.823075,38.402421 -122.82316,38.402426 -122.823246,38.402421 -122.823304,38.402414 -122.823356,38.4024 -122.823429,38.402382 -122.823524,38.402346 -122.824021,38.402163 -122.824188,38.402103 -122.689144,38.43588 -122.689568,38.435764 -122.690045,38.435626 -122.691089,38.435342 -122.691705,38.435182 -122.692015,38.43508 -122.692153,38.435053 -122.69317,38.434761 -122.693687,38.434618 -122.694606,38.434357 -122.6952,38.434205 -122.696163,38.434014 -122.69678,38.433896 -122.698845,38.433548 -122.699146,38.433503 -122.700174,38.433337 -122.701032,38.433208 -122.702077,38.433039 -122.702329,38.432992 -122.703113,38.432875 -122.704134,38.432704 -122.704424,38.432642 -122.705162,38.432485 -122.705554,38.432395 -122.705728,38.432351 -122.70587,38.432315 -122.706241,38.432215 -122.708533,38.431555 -122.708902,38.431453 -122.709084,38.431394 -122.709405,38.431291 -122.709968,38.431125 -122.710363,38.431015 -122.710614,38.430961 -122.710883,38.430908 -122.711141,38.430869 -122.711195,38.43086 -122.711359,38.430835 -122.711414,38.430828 -122.711687,38.430808 -122.711817,38.430796 -122.71202,38.430778 -122.712379,38.430755 -122.712821,38.430747 -122.713226,38.430755 -122.713546,38.430767 -122.713928,38.430797 -122.714332,38.430843 -122.714714,38.4309 -122.714843,38.430915 -122.715064,38.430966 -122.715227,38.431005 -122.7153,38.431022 -122.715443,38.431063 -122.715564,38.431097 -122.715684,38.43113 -122.715738,38.431145 -122.715896,38.43119 -122.716354,38.431339 -122.716429,38.431368 -122.716453,38.431378 -122.717504,38.431832 -122.717692,38.431928 -122.718684,38.432412 -122.718722,38.432431 -122.718946,38.432527 -122.719356,38.432692 -122.719779,38.432834 -122.719976,38.432893 -122.720562,38.433045 -122.720834,38.433101 -122.721116,38.433152 -122.721331,38.433185 -122.721531,38.433209 -122.721712,38.433223 -122.72182,38.433232 -122.721842,38.433237 -122.722179,38.433274 -122.722281,38.43328 -122.722739,38.433328 -122.722891,38.433328 -122.723432,38.433309 -122.723853,38.433284 -122.724193,38.433253 -122.724727,38.433171 -122.72613,38.432943 -122.728526,38.432609 -122.730323,38.432358 -122.732689,38.432028 -122.7346,38.431761 -122.735827,38.43159 -122.738738,38.431183 -122.739812,38.430978 -122.740717,38.43076 -122.741773,38.430468 -122.743229,38.430066 -122.744115,38.429875 -122.744988,38.429725 -122.745796,38.429634 -122.747131,38.429532 -122.747438,38.429513 -122.747667,38.429489 -122.748403,38.429432 -122.748817,38.429406 -122.749162,38.42938 -122.749553,38.429357 -122.749965,38.429325 -122.750248,38.429308 -122.751287,38.429232 -122.751602,38.429213 -122.752041,38.429179 -122.754623,38.429012 -122.757858,38.428779 -122.759147,38.428691 -122.76094,38.428565 -122.763494,38.428394 -122.765434,38.42826 -122.766105,38.428203 -122.766502,38.428161 -122.766799,38.428119 -122.767173,38.428062 -122.767461,38.428002 -122.767893,38.427897 -122.768021,38.427864 -122.768512,38.427714 -122.768916,38.427572 -122.769155,38.427473 -122.769314,38.427407 -122.769475,38.427338 -122.769691,38.427234 -122.770125,38.427012 -122.770271,38.426928 -122.770655,38.426688 -122.770988,38.426463 -122.771115,38.426369 -122.771279,38.426238 -122.771351,38.42618 -122.771464,38.426087 -122.771705,38.425874 -122.771981,38.425612 -122.77212,38.425471 -122.77302,38.424586 -122.773059,38.424547 -122.773285,38.424341 -122.773539,38.424134 -122.773768,38.423957 -122.773961,38.423825 -122.774161,38.423696 -122.774301,38.423613 -122.774763,38.423346 -122.775065,38.423183 -122.775277,38.423087 -122.775277,38.423087 -122.775096,38.423218 -122.774728,38.423435 -122.774576,38.423534 -122.77438,38.423673 -122.774145,38.423846 -122.773776,38.424151 -122.773541,38.424374 -122.77314,38.424777 -122.771967,38.425934 -122.771714,38.426154 -122.771358,38.426447 -122.771293,38.426498 -122.771222,38.426554 -122.771109,38.426638 -122.770825,38.426829 -122.770487,38.427042 -122.770197,38.42721 -122.7699,38.427363 -122.769742,38.427436 -122.769452,38.427564 -122.769183,38.427676 -122.769004,38.427751 -122.768611,38.427888 -122.768269,38.427996 -122.76788,38.428101 -122.767559,38.428182 -122.766996,38.428295 -122.766631,38.428345 -122.766118,38.428402 -122.7659,38.428419 -122.765805,38.428427 -122.765707,38.428433 -122.764024,38.428552 -122.763334,38.428596 -122.760652,38.428791 -122.759048,38.428902 -122.757778,38.428996 -122.75645,38.429085 -122.755685,38.42914 -122.755462,38.429157 -122.754477,38.429213 -122.75295,38.429322 -122.752657,38.429346 -122.75228,38.429371 -122.752069,38.429385 -122.750815,38.429472 -122.750164,38.429521 -122.749529,38.429569 -122.74851,38.429658 -122.747977,38.429697 -122.747596,38.429699 -122.746024,38.429804 -122.745418,38.429869 -122.745315,38.42988 -122.744612,38.429991 -122.743843,38.430151 -122.743402,38.430244 -122.742752,38.430424 -122.742184,38.430581 -122.741792,38.430684 -122.740474,38.431029 -122.740376,38.431049 -122.739441,38.43125 -122.738379,38.431425 -122.737208,38.43159 -122.736049,38.431752 -122.734602,38.431955 -122.734228,38.432007 -122.733106,38.432164 -122.732733,38.432217 -122.732601,38.432235 -122.732207,38.432292 -122.732076,38.432311 -122.731959,38.432327 -122.73161,38.432378 -122.731494,38.432395 -122.730906,38.432475 -122.729234,38.432705 -122.729144,38.432717 -122.728557,38.432799 -122.728085,38.432864 -122.726669,38.433061 -122.726198,38.433127 -122.725921,38.433166 -122.725634,38.433208 -122.72509,38.43328 -122.724817,38.43332 -122.724572,38.433355 -122.724082,38.43342 -122.723849,38.433441 -122.723728,38.433452 -122.723606,38.433461 -122.723356,38.433478 -122.723317,38.433479 -122.722997,38.433491 -122.722449,38.433492 -122.722434,38.433493 -122.72216,38.433484 -122.722034,38.433476 -122.721937,38.43347 -122.721784,38.433451 -122.721659,38.433438 -122.721534,38.433426 -122.721493,38.43342 -122.721372,38.433402 -122.721332,38.433396 -122.721129,38.433366 -122.721106,38.433363 -122.720988,38.433335 -122.720703,38.433291 -122.720527,38.433252 -122.720376,38.43322 -122.720328,38.433208 -122.720037,38.433135 -122.719995,38.433125 -122.719614,38.432996 -122.719227,38.432854 -122.719191,38.432837 -122.719159,38.432823 -122.718913,38.432728 -122.718683,38.432632 -122.718499,38.432544 -122.718187,38.432396 -122.717528,38.432071 -122.717359,38.431989 -122.717337,38.431983 -122.716958,38.431802 -122.716927,38.431789 -122.7169,38.431777 -122.716633,38.43166 -122.716499,38.431613 -122.716353,38.431562 -122.71611,38.431484 -122.716071,38.431471 -122.715815,38.431391 -122.715779,38.43138 -122.715602,38.431325 -122.715536,38.431305 -122.715475,38.431287 -122.715308,38.431237 -122.715241,38.431217 -122.715139,38.431196 -122.714887,38.431123 -122.714602,38.431041 -122.71455,38.431029 -122.714226,38.430987 -122.713869,38.430953 -122.713582,38.430942 -122.713243,38.430934 -122.712618,38.430946 -122.712531,38.430946 -122.712235,38.430958 -122.711957,38.430978 -122.71119,38.431082 -122.710918,38.43113 -122.710582,38.431202 -122.710333,38.431261 -122.710196,38.431293 -122.710099,38.431319 -122.709591,38.431459 -122.709089,38.431595 -122.708305,38.431826 -122.707893,38.43194 -122.707131,38.432159 -122.706876,38.432229 -122.706703,38.432278 -122.706345,38.432383 -122.705849,38.432518 -122.705801,38.432529 -122.705524,38.432594 -122.704935,38.432736 -122.704694,38.432782 -122.704416,38.432836 -122.703724,38.432967 -122.703385,38.433022 -122.702134,38.433229 -122.701092,38.433396 -122.700281,38.433518 -122.70003,38.433556 -122.699543,38.433635 -122.699247,38.433687 -122.698901,38.433747 -122.698659,38.433784 -122.697943,38.433894 -122.69702,38.434045 -122.696895,38.434067 -122.6965,38.43414 -122.69631,38.434178 -122.69611,38.434218 -122.696094,38.434221 -122.695565,38.434338 -122.695449,38.434366 -122.695236,38.43442 -122.69492,38.434498 -122.69444,38.434623 -122.69427,38.434668 -122.693742,38.434816 -122.692987,38.43502 -122.692272,38.43522 -122.692066,38.435273 -122.691881,38.435321 -122.691278,38.435501 -122.691056,38.435557 -122.690733,38.435652 -122.690519,38.435708 -122.690339,38.435757 -122.689833,38.4359 -122.689383,38.436033 -122.68855,38.436267 -122.688248,38.436348 -122.687489,38.436554 -122.687486,38.43659 -122.687477,38.436701 -122.687475,38.436738 -122.687464,38.436882 -122.687458,38.436976 -122.68742,38.437313 -122.687404,38.437457 -122.687396,38.437517 -122.687376,38.437697 -122.687369,38.437758 -122.687355,38.437918 -122.687346,38.438027 -122.68731,38.438314 -122.687296,38.438398 -122.68727,38.438557 -122.687266,38.43858 -122.687255,38.438623 -122.68721,38.438823 -122.687195,38.43889 -122.687146,38.439119 -122.687124,38.439254 -122.687095,38.439436 -122.687069,38.439702 -122.687057,38.439932 -122.687051,38.440259 -122.68706,38.440365 -122.687094,38.440736 -122.6871,38.4408 -122.687115,38.440937 -122.687124,38.440994 -122.687136,38.441059 -122.687147,38.441121 -122.68718,38.441309 -122.687191,38.441372 -122.687195,38.441406 -122.68721,38.441508 -122.687216,38.441543 -122.687221,38.44158 -122.687237,38.441691 -122.687243,38.441729 -122.68731,38.442145 -122.687369,38.442508 -122.687465,38.443021 -122.687527,38.443393 -122.687551,38.443531 -122.687593,38.443811 -122.687614,38.44395 -122.687677,38.444369 -122.687699,38.444509 -122.68772,38.444647 -122.687784,38.445063 -122.687806,38.445202 -122.68783,38.445332 -122.687904,38.445725 -122.687929,38.445856 -122.687947,38.445992 -122.688003,38.446401 -122.688022,38.446538 -122.688085,38.44692 -122.688101,38.447069 -122.688156,38.447562 -122.688227,38.448021 -122.688274,38.448364 -122.688306,38.448669 -122.688323,38.448818 -122.688384,38.449201 -122.6884,38.449303 -122.68845,38.449612 -122.688459,38.449665 </LineString><LineString> -122.688459,38.449665 -122.688279,38.449686 -122.687667,38.449846 -122.687486,38.449874 -122.687278,38.449891 -122.686758,38.449904 -122.686411,38.449873 -122.686196,38.449834 -122.686139,38.44982 -122.685941,38.449762 -122.685769,38.449695 -122.685536,38.449585 -122.685335,38.449504 -122.685166,38.449456 -122.685017,38.449426 -122.684861,38.449406 -122.6847,38.449398 -122.684541,38.449406 -122.684404,38.449423 -122.684252,38.449457 -122.684066,38.449513 -122.6839,38.449583 -122.683762,38.449657 -122.683649,38.449731 -122.683611,38.449762 -122.682797,38.450411 -122.68271,38.450483 -122.682509,38.450673 -122.682307,38.450888 -122.68219,38.451026 -122.682027,38.451245 -122.681966,38.451335 -122.681937,38.451376 -122.681796,38.451641 -122.681618,38.452027 -122.681364,38.452649 -122.681308,38.452856 -122.681237,38.453121 -122.681103,38.453556 -122.681009,38.453883 -122.68094,38.454052 -122.680854,38.454217 -122.680726,38.454418 -122.680667,38.454492 -122.680623,38.45455 -122.680549,38.454631 -122.680476,38.454701 -122.680465,38.454713 -122.680452,38.454726 -122.680408,38.454767 -122.680367,38.454806 -122.680275,38.454893 -122.68015,38.454989 -122.680118,38.455014 -122.679327,38.455595 -122.679166,38.455714 -122.679054,38.455794 -122.678952,38.455869 -122.678909,38.4559 -122.678406,38.456268 -122.678381,38.456287 -122.678238,38.456389 -122.67819,38.456423 -122.678082,38.4565 -122.678046,38.456525 -122.677999,38.45656 -122.677943,38.4566 -122.677864,38.456653 -122.677735,38.456742 -122.677622,38.45682 -122.677455,38.45693 -122.677319,38.457021 -122.677227,38.457082 -122.676935,38.457274 -122.675996,38.457896 -122.6759,38.457949 -122.67578,38.458025 -122.675632,38.458121 -122.675382,38.458254 -122.675177,38.458349 -122.675129,38.458373 -122.674991,38.458433 -122.674709,38.45854 -122.674547,38.458593 -122.674505,38.458607 -122.674261,38.458666 -122.67423,38.458674 -122.674096,38.458736 -122.673962,38.458786 -122.673675,38.458911 -122.673614,38.458941 -122.673567,38.458965 -122.673439,38.459038 -122.67336,38.459084 -122.67324,38.459169 -122.673138,38.459243 -122.672676,38.459605 -122.672633,38.45964 -122.672486,38.459748 -122.672285,38.459896 -122.671121,38.460725 -122.668992,38.462241 -122.668779,38.46239 -122.66863,38.462488 -122.668453,38.462597 -122.668135,38.462775 -122.668005,38.462839 -122.66779,38.46294 -122.667484,38.463072 -122.667336,38.463136 -122.667165,38.463202 -122.666998,38.463259 -122.666946,38.463278 -122.666822,38.463315 -122.66658,38.463387 -122.666491,38.46341 -122.666395,38.463436 -122.666321,38.463453 -122.666135,38.463496 -122.66558,38.463627 -122.665395,38.463671 -122.665207,38.463713 -122.66512,38.463734 -122.664959,38.463772 -122.664847,38.463797 -122.664514,38.463874 -122.664404,38.463901 -122.66417,38.463955 -122.66347,38.464118 -122.663237,38.464173 -122.66306,38.464214 -122.662532,38.464336 -122.662356,38.464378 -122.662114,38.464434 -122.661388,38.464602 -122.661147,38.464659 -122.660994,38.464693 -122.660537,38.464798 -122.660385,38.464834 -122.660086,38.46489 -122.659877,38.46492 -122.659728,38.464942 -122.65938,38.464979 -122.659029,38.465001 -122.658633,38.465011 -122.658434,38.465009 -122.658335,38.465006 -122.658136,38.465 -122.658023,38.464997 -122.65783,38.464988 -122.657637,38.464984 -122.656288,38.464943 -122.654897,38.464899 -122.654742,38.464948 </LineString><LineString> -122.654742,38.464948 -122.654911,38.465021 -122.655319,38.465027 -122.655348,38.465027 -122.655931,38.465044 -122.657212,38.465084 -122.657642,38.465098 -122.657836,38.465118 -122.658019,38.46511 -122.658512,38.465122 -122.658899,38.46512 -122.659215,38.465104 -122.659625,38.465069 -122.659823,38.465045 -122.660214,38.464982 -122.660407,38.464943 -122.660809,38.464855 -122.661275,38.464744 -122.662395,38.464486 -122.663259,38.464285 -122.664626,38.463964 -122.665001,38.463884 -122.665441,38.463777 -122.666334,38.463568 -122.666404,38.463552 -122.666802,38.463444 -122.666859,38.463425 -122.667161,38.463327 -122.667219,38.463305 -122.6674,38.463238 -122.667545,38.463179 -122.667603,38.463156 -122.667915,38.463016 -122.667978,38.462985 -122.668144,38.462905 -122.668472,38.46273 -122.668739,38.462562 -122.669088,38.462324 -122.6712,38.460822 -122.672149,38.460145 -122.672605,38.459821 -122.673383,38.459267 -122.673528,38.459171 -122.673656,38.45909 -122.673854,38.458995 -122.674085,38.45889 -122.674448,38.458755 -122.674668,38.458715 -122.674868,38.458648 -122.674998,38.458599 -122.675125,38.458545 -122.67537,38.458426 -122.675549,38.458324 -122.676001,38.458037 -122.677676,38.456931 -122.678161,38.4566 -122.678178,38.456589 -122.678755,38.456166 -122.679047,38.455943 -122.679143,38.455856 -122.679261,38.455788 -122.679406,38.455676 -122.680353,38.454971 -122.680478,38.454869 -122.680541,38.454816 -122.680663,38.454712 -122.680813,38.454561 -122.680851,38.454518 -122.680952,38.454389 -122.681106,38.454148 -122.681227,38.453886 -122.681298,38.453661 -122.681509,38.452886 -122.681816,38.451927 -122.681892,38.451751 -122.682037,38.451499 -122.68209,38.451416 -122.682266,38.451175 -122.682456,38.450946 -122.682617,38.450775 -122.68283,38.450567 -122.683052,38.450405 -122.68386,38.449775 -122.683994,38.449698 -122.684112,38.449645 -122.684298,38.449587 -122.684463,38.449552 -122.684589,38.449525 -122.684745,38.449527 -122.684889,38.449525 -122.685012,38.44955 -122.68515,38.449577 -122.685295,38.449619 -122.685432,38.449672 -122.685905,38.449886 -122.686096,38.449951 -122.686233,38.449981 -122.686386,38.450004 -122.686863,38.450044 -122.687383,38.450039 -122.687423,38.450038 -122.68762,38.450037 -122.687865,38.449995 -122.688123,38.449931 -122.688346,38.44986 -122.68848,38.449777 -122.688467,38.449715 -122.688459,38.449665 </LineString><LineString> -122.654742,38.464948 -122.654464,38.464936 -122.65399,38.464917 -122.653653,38.464907 -122.653633,38.464907 -122.653356,38.464911 </LineString><LineString> -122.628536,38.456216 -122.628691,38.456355 -122.629291,38.456685 -122.629934,38.456996 -122.630088,38.457071 -122.63015,38.457101 -122.630801,38.457403 -122.631187,38.457582 -122.63149,38.457701 -122.631698,38.457771 -122.63191,38.457832 -122.632234,38.457909 -122.632828,38.458006 -122.633291,38.458086 -122.634171,38.458235 -122.634488,38.458288 -122.635031,38.458394 -122.635833,38.458658 -122.6359,38.458689 -122.636276,38.458865 -122.636747,38.45911 -122.63733,38.459453 -122.638007,38.459813 -122.63802,38.45982 -122.638189,38.459915 -122.6385,38.460088 -122.638582,38.460134 -122.639435,38.460608 -122.639746,38.460783 -122.63979,38.460808 -122.639925,38.460883 -122.63997,38.460908 -122.640158,38.461013 -122.640724,38.461331 -122.640913,38.461437 -122.640969,38.461467 -122.641137,38.461557 -122.641193,38.461588 -122.641232,38.461609 -122.641301,38.461647 -122.641352,38.461672 -122.641393,38.461692 -122.641707,38.461846 -122.641748,38.461866 -122.642069,38.462009 -122.642679,38.462244 -122.642842,38.462307 -122.642985,38.462362 -122.643225,38.462447 -122.643679,38.462608 -122.644153,38.462773 -122.644407,38.462865 -122.645076,38.463088 -122.645895,38.463367 -122.646891,38.463715 -122.647263,38.46385 -122.647627,38.463971 -122.647799,38.464028 -122.648076,38.464114 -122.648731,38.464296 -122.649023,38.464377 -122.649366,38.464465 -122.649627,38.464541 -122.650041,38.464651 -122.650302,38.46471 -122.650566,38.464761 -122.650832,38.464804 -122.651047,38.464846 -122.651423,38.464888 -122.651635,38.464907 -122.652052,38.464927 -122.652727,38.464947 -122.652812,38.464949 -122.653171,38.464952 -122.653356,38.464911 </LineString><LineString> -122.653356,38.464911 -122.653243,38.464854 -122.653181,38.464823 -122.65291,38.464821 -122.652872,38.464819 -122.652746,38.464816 -122.652479,38.464808 -122.651806,38.464789 -122.651679,38.464779 -122.651413,38.464759 -122.651129,38.464731 -122.651007,38.464715 -122.650969,38.46471 -122.65052,38.464632 -122.650232,38.464573 -122.649808,38.464468 -122.649665,38.464429 -122.649436,38.464339 -122.648243,38.464026 -122.647512,38.463798 -122.647253,38.463712 -122.64714,38.463678 -122.646946,38.463609 -122.646884,38.463584 -122.646775,38.46354 -122.646478,38.463435 -122.646058,38.463287 -122.645782,38.463191 -122.645704,38.463163 -122.645591,38.463123 -122.645472,38.463081 -122.645395,38.463054 -122.645283,38.463014 -122.645152,38.462967 -122.644423,38.462707 -122.644411,38.462703 -122.644182,38.462625 -122.643924,38.462525 -122.643622,38.46242 -122.643201,38.462274 -122.643074,38.462237 -122.642902,38.462166 -122.64255,38.46204 -122.642202,38.461906 -122.641859,38.461765 -122.641575,38.461637 -122.641371,38.461545 -122.640936,38.461307 -122.64054,38.46109 -122.640015,38.460803 -122.639968,38.460777 -122.639853,38.460712 -122.638281,38.459831 -122.638021,38.459685 -122.637848,38.459591 -122.63742,38.459356 -122.637136,38.459191 -122.637002,38.459114 -122.636276,38.458719 -122.635978,38.458586 -122.635921,38.458565 -122.635691,38.45848 -122.635554,38.458428 -122.635412,38.458381 -122.635266,38.458333 -122.635137,38.458298 -122.634269,38.458139 -122.633661,38.458039 -122.633238,38.457966 -122.63304,38.457932 -122.63206,38.457754 -122.631832,38.457689 -122.631607,38.457617 -122.631526,38.457586 -122.631291,38.457498 -122.631173,38.457448 -122.630889,38.457317 -122.630766,38.45726 -122.630678,38.45722 -122.630404,38.457085 -122.630284,38.457026 -122.629821,38.456798 -122.628817,38.456305 -122.628536,38.456216 </LineString><LineString> -122.628536,38.456216 -122.628206,38.456049 -122.627952,38.455942 -122.627556,38.455763 -122.626981,38.455503 -122.626373,38.455219 -122.62598,38.455036 -122.625619,38.454868 -122.625549,38.454835 -122.624259,38.454229 -122.62383,38.454027 -122.623612,38.453925 -122.622957,38.453618 -122.62274,38.453517 -122.622316,38.453311 -122.621864,38.453092 -122.621382,38.452883 -122.621029,38.452731 -122.620929,38.452688 -122.620602,38.452536 -122.620302,38.4524 -122.620104,38.45231 -122.619407,38.451986 -122.61911,38.451848 -122.618929,38.451764 -122.618389,38.451514 -122.618209,38.451431 -122.618117,38.451388 -122.617844,38.451262 -122.617753,38.45122 -122.617393,38.451052 -122.616317,38.45055 -122.615958,38.450383 -122.615648,38.450237 -122.614718,38.449802 -122.614408,38.449657 -122.613867,38.449404 -122.612244,38.448648 -122.611704,38.448396 -122.61107,38.448099 -122.60917,38.447208 -122.608537,38.446912 -122.608264,38.446784 -122.607446,38.446401 -122.607174,38.446274 -122.606735,38.446066 -122.606532,38.44597 -122.606174,38.445801 -122.605648,38.445545 -122.605422,38.445439 -122.605341,38.445401 -122.60499,38.445221 -122.604483,38.444973 -122.604381,38.444928 -122.604031,38.444774 -122.601922,38.443818 -122.600959,38.443368 -122.598929,38.44242 -122.598404,38.442179 -122.598074,38.44202 -122.598003,38.441986 -122.597472,38.441737 -122.597203,38.441615 -122.597109,38.441578 -122.597013,38.44154 -122.596719,38.441441 -122.596577,38.441401 -122.59654,38.441392 -122.594794,38.440975 -122.594212,38.440837 -122.593718,38.440719 -122.592915,38.440527 -122.592239,38.440366 -122.591746,38.440249 -122.591563,38.440205 -122.591016,38.440074 -122.590834,38.440031 -122.590424,38.439934 -122.589194,38.439643 -122.588784,38.439546 -122.588653,38.439516 -122.58826,38.439426 -122.58813,38.439396 -122.588118,38.439393 -122.588082,38.439384 -122.58807,38.439382 -122.587581,38.439261 -122.587518,38.439246 -122.587321,38.439189 -122.587144,38.439138 -122.587,38.439096 -122.586802,38.439026 -122.586355,38.438852 -122.586156,38.438769 -122.585692,38.438576 -122.58466,38.438146 -122.581957,38.43702 -122.581568,38.436852 -122.581033,38.436635 -122.580533,38.436432 -122.580459,38.436402 -122.580239,38.436313 -122.580166,38.436284 -122.579771,38.436118 -122.579006,38.435799 -122.578584,38.435628 -122.578187,38.435469 -122.577843,38.435325 -122.577502,38.435182 -122.576817,38.43488 -122.576799,38.434872 -122.576477,38.43473 -122.576317,38.434659 -122.576279,38.434643 -122.575835,38.434455 -122.575675,38.434388 -122.575487,38.434308 -122.574923,38.434071 -122.574815,38.434026 -122.574735,38.433992 -122.574456,38.433874 -122.574322,38.433817 -122.573096,38.433303 -122.573082,38.433297 -122.572174,38.432906 -122.570982,38.432392 -122.570794,38.432311 -122.570752,38.432298 -122.570701,38.43228 -122.570661,38.432266 -122.570395,38.432159 -122.570202,38.432075 -122.569989,38.431991 -122.569722,38.431879 -122.56744,38.430911 -122.565774,38.430213 -122.565124,38.42994 -122.56493,38.429858 -122.564351,38.429614 -122.564158,38.429533 -122.564052,38.429488 -122.563734,38.429355 -122.563629,38.429311 -122.563457,38.429238 -122.562944,38.429022 -122.562773,38.42895 -122.562565,38.428862 -122.562117,38.428673 -122.561944,38.4286 -122.561737,38.428513 -122.56157,38.428442 -122.561072,38.428232 -122.560906,38.428162 -122.560633,38.428047 -122.560376,38.427939 -122.56003,38.427778 -122.559929,38.427725 -122.559831,38.427666 -122.559577,38.427515 -122.559558,38.427503 -122.559445,38.427424 -122.559197,38.427237 -122.558976,38.427048 -122.558855,38.426935 -122.558766,38.426853 -122.558279,38.426369 -122.557333,38.425423 -122.556883,38.424976 -122.556389,38.424486 -122.556228,38.424321 -122.555173,38.423261 -122.55476,38.422856 -122.554478,38.422573 -122.553865,38.421969 -122.553569,38.421676 -122.553171,38.421284 -122.553064,38.421177 -122.552743,38.420859 -122.552636,38.420753 -122.552222,38.420342 -122.552205,38.420325 -122.550991,38.419101 -122.550834,38.418942 -122.550577,38.418692 -122.550552,38.418668 -122.55048,38.418599 -122.550456,38.418576 -122.550325,38.418449 -122.550065,38.418199 -122.549934,38.418069 -122.549806,38.417941 -122.549003,38.417144 -122.548813,38.416956 -122.548415,38.416561 -122.548263,38.416409 -122.548124,38.41628 -122.548112,38.416271 -122.548095,38.416242 -122.547451,38.415602 -122.547117,38.415294 -122.546653,38.414811 -122.545955,38.414137 -122.545856,38.414033 -122.545629,38.413778 -122.54548,38.413591 -122.545442,38.413539 -122.545363,38.413431 -122.545159,38.413086 -122.545053,38.412895 -122.544769,38.412383 -122.544737,38.412322 -122.544638,38.412128 -122.544547,38.411951 -122.544274,38.411421 -122.544183,38.411245 -122.544094,38.411072 -122.543827,38.410553 -122.543738,38.410381 -122.543434,38.409787 -122.542522,38.408005 -122.542219,38.407412 -122.542212,38.407398 -122.542031,38.407046 -122.541773,38.406541 -122.541472,38.405967 -122.54139,38.40581 -122.541261,38.405609 -122.541187,38.405508 -122.54104,38.40533 -122.540989,38.405276 -122.540916,38.405198 -122.540706,38.404994 -122.540472,38.404755 -122.540295,38.404542 -122.540189,38.404394 -122.54009,38.404237 -122.539989,38.404057 -122.539863,38.403796 -122.539816,38.403679 -122.539481,38.402791 -122.539258,38.402197 -122.53883,38.401095 -122.538506,38.400241 -122.538438,38.400093 -122.538329,38.399894 -122.538182,38.399665 -122.537804,38.399098 -122.537665,38.398916 -122.537554,38.398795 -122.537493,38.398728 -122.537216,38.398471 -122.536857,38.398164 -122.536711,38.398039 -122.535696,38.397167 -122.535603,38.397087 -122.535327,38.396847 -122.535235,38.396768 -122.534954,38.396525 -122.534111,38.395797 -122.53383,38.395555 -122.533188,38.394999 -122.532035,38.394 -122.531793,38.393767 -122.531564,38.393527 -122.531326,38.393268 -122.530751,38.392645 -122.530548,38.392438 -122.530512,38.392405 -122.530402,38.392305 -122.530228,38.392163 -122.530075,38.392051 -122.529857,38.391909 -122.529692,38.391816 -122.529582,38.391754 -122.529392,38.391663 -122.529361,38.391648 -122.529268,38.391605 -122.529237,38.391591 -122.528457,38.391231 -122.527779,38.390918 -122.527672,38.390869 -122.526602,38.39038 -122.525926,38.390071 -122.524594,38.389462 -122.523594,38.388993 -122.523405,38.388904 -122.523213,38.388815 -122.52197,38.388187 -122.521688,38.388047 -122.521571,38.38799 -122.520847,38.387619 -122.520568,38.387476 -122.520408,38.387395 -122.520121,38.387243 -122.519715,38.38703 -122.519311,38.386765 -122.518991,38.386572 -122.518858,38.386472 -122.518687,38.386318 -122.5184,38.386022 -122.516705,38.383289 -122.516432,38.382841 -122.516237,38.382521 -122.514994,38.380476 -122.514865,38.380257 -122.51484,38.380216 -122.514371,38.379451 -122.514065,38.378945 -122.513643,38.378245 -122.513493,38.377981 -122.513373,38.377721 -122.513306,38.377544 -122.513252,38.377378 -122.513248,38.377363 -122.513183,38.377094 -122.513153,38.376912 -122.513143,38.376799 -122.513128,38.376638 -122.513127,38.376365 -122.513146,38.376132 -122.51317,38.375911 -122.513199,38.375747 -122.513265,38.375491 -122.513321,38.375311 -122.513329,38.375283 -122.513418,38.375063 -122.513527,38.374842 -122.513565,38.374783 -122.513807,38.374406 -122.513999,38.374143 -122.514171,38.373917 -122.514248,38.373823 -122.514422,38.373609 -122.514712,38.373254 -122.514978,38.372918 -122.515353,38.372459 -122.515741,38.371968 -122.51578,38.371907 -122.515875,38.371754 -122.515943,38.371608 -122.51598,38.371497 -122.516006,38.371381 -122.516016,38.371304 -122.516019,38.371149 -122.516,38.370994 -122.515982,38.370918 -122.515964,38.370876 -122.515804,38.370513 -122.515716,38.370372 -122.515665,38.370305 -122.515279,38.369868 -122.515235,38.369819 -122.515105,38.369672 -122.515062,38.369624 -122.514517,38.369011 -122.514415,38.368897 -122.513921,38.368355 -122.513426,38.367801 -122.513246,38.367607 -122.512846,38.367208 -122.512266,38.366629 -122.512191,38.366554 -122.511821,38.366188 -122.510488,38.364868 -122.510044,38.364429 -122.50973,38.364117 -122.509285,38.363674 -122.508787,38.363184 -122.508524,38.362925 -122.508473,38.362873 -122.508178,38.362577 -122.508057,38.362448 -122.507687,38.362035 -122.507665,38.36201 -122.507603,38.36194 -122.505838,38.359915 -122.505326,38.359348 -122.504974,38.358959 -122.504811,38.358784 -122.504541,38.358466 -122.504431,38.358335 -122.504287,38.358175 -122.503897,38.357695 -122.503676,38.357382 -122.503133,38.356612 -122.502777,38.356115 -122.502734,38.356052 -122.502433,38.355619 -122.50228,38.355416 -122.501497,38.354315 -122.501268,38.353989 -122.500912,38.353481 -122.500572,38.353007 -122.50047,38.352855 -122.500436,38.35279 -122.500336,38.352597 -122.500303,38.352533 -122.500061,38.352083 -122.500032,38.352028 -122.499353,38.350725 -122.499252,38.35053 -122.499203,38.350404 -122.499146,38.35026 -122.49899,38.349901 -122.498921,38.349718 -122.498851,38.349499 -122.49881,38.349206 -122.498782,38.348984 -122.49878,38.348892 -122.498802,38.348415 -122.498807,38.34833 -122.498823,38.348113 -122.498827,38.348019 -122.498834,38.347863 -122.498839,38.347748 -122.498842,38.347646 -122.498849,38.347369 -122.498873,38.346537 -122.498881,38.346261 -122.498883,38.346184 -122.498886,38.346111 -122.498884,38.345954 -122.498884,38.345878 -122.498883,38.345695 -122.498842,38.345499 -122.498816,38.345426 -122.498797,38.345371 -122.498768,38.34529 -122.498477,38.344836 -122.498086,38.34429 -122.498071,38.34427 -122.497795,38.343902 -122.497765,38.343861 -122.497675,38.343738 -122.497646,38.343698 -122.497524,38.34353 -122.497399,38.343359 -122.497252,38.343161 -122.497155,38.343031 -122.497122,38.342987 -122.497034,38.342864 -122.497017,38.34284 -122.496966,38.342771 -122.49695,38.342748 -122.496922,38.342709 -122.496746,38.342482 -122.496571,38.342257 -122.496189,38.341799 -122.496109,38.341708 -122.49589,38.341456 -122.495828,38.341382 -122.495642,38.341163 -122.495581,38.34109 -122.495541,38.341043 -122.495423,38.340904 -122.495384,38.340858 -122.495276,38.340731 -122.495099,38.340502 -122.495005,38.34036 -122.494978,38.340319 -122.494865,38.340159 -122.494774,38.340021 -122.494688,38.3399 -122.494468,38.339584 -122.494088,38.339013 -122.493948,38.33881 -122.493694,38.338441 -122.493598,38.338292 -122.493439,38.338048 -122.493377,38.337952 -122.492949,38.337327 -122.492785,38.337088 -122.492621,38.336846 -122.492428,38.33654 -122.49221,38.336156 -122.492026,38.335809 -122.491955,38.33565 -122.491309,38.334395 -122.49123,38.334241 -122.491008,38.33381 -122.490993,38.33378 -122.490915,38.333627 -122.490816,38.333432 -122.490731,38.333264 -122.49057,38.332912 -122.490533,38.332841 -122.490433,38.332647 -122.490213,38.332211 -122.490169,38.332116 -122.49016,38.332097 -122.490068,38.331897 -122.489935,38.331553 -122.489855,38.331314 -122.48972,38.330906 -122.48963,38.330614 -122.489569,38.330357 -122.489558,38.330307 -122.489527,38.330108 -122.489497,38.329749 -122.489466,38.329294 -122.489457,38.329146 -122.489438,38.328591 -122.48939,38.328325 -122.489374,38.328232 -122.489275,38.327951 -122.489216,38.327784 -122.489119,38.327524 -122.489094,38.327457 -122.488934,38.32713 -122.488722,38.326667 -122.488467,38.326138 -122.488277,38.325729 -122.488225,38.325617 -122.488068,38.325241 -122.487925,38.324828 -122.487896,38.324742 -122.487759,38.32428 -122.487728,38.324188 -122.487719,38.324161 -122.487629,38.323872 -122.487587,38.323739 -122.487578,38.323709 -122.487463,38.32334 -122.487424,38.323207 -122.487407,38.323149 -122.487356,38.322975 -122.487339,38.322918 -122.487332,38.322894 -122.487312,38.322826 -122.487306,38.322803 -122.48727,38.32268 -122.487164,38.322311 -122.487129,38.322189 -122.487094,38.322062 -122.487053,38.321907 -122.486977,38.321703 -122.486973,38.321689 -122.486936,38.321564 -122.486922,38.321517 -122.486856,38.321325 -122.486723,38.320934 -122.486626,38.320716 -122.486573,38.320614 -122.486171,38.320019 -122.485918,38.31967 -122.48522,38.318838 -122.485039,38.318604 -122.484504,38.317933 -122.484315,38.317688 -122.484234,38.317588 -122.483993,38.317288 -122.483913,38.317188 -122.483889,38.31716 -122.48382,38.317076 -122.483798,38.317049 -122.48366,38.316897 -122.48334,38.316543 -122.483246,38.316444 -122.483105,38.316296 -122.483004,38.316189 -122.482704,38.31587 -122.482693,38.315859 -122.48261,38.315759 -122.48251,38.315644 -122.482483,38.315608 -122.4824,38.315499 -122.482327,38.315389 -122.48217,38.31511 -122.482075,38.314939 -122.481926,38.314646 -122.481821,38.314451 -122.481785,38.314385 -122.481723,38.314268 -122.481644,38.314118 -122.481604,38.31403 -122.481551,38.313913 -122.481369,38.313584 -122.481207,38.313275 -122.48103,38.312956 -122.480941,38.312794 -122.480844,38.312628 -122.480805,38.312533 -122.480769,38.31247 -122.480755,38.312447 -122.480732,38.312406 -122.480717,38.312378 -122.480706,38.312355 -122.480687,38.312318 -122.48063,38.31221 -122.480611,38.312174 -122.48051,38.311979 -122.480208,38.311395 -122.480158,38.311298 -122.480108,38.311201 -122.480019,38.31103 -122.480001,38.310995 -122.47991,38.310832 -122.479742,38.310525 -122.47965,38.310357 -122.479593,38.310252 -122.479424,38.309939 -122.479368,38.309835 -122.479342,38.309788 -122.479267,38.309647 -122.479242,38.3096 -122.479131,38.309389 -122.479124,38.309376 -122.478889,38.308929 -122.478795,38.308759 -122.478681,38.308551 -122.478527,38.308268 -122.478503,38.308224 -122.478458,38.308131 -122.478367,38.307932 -122.478254,38.307634 -122.4782,38.307465 -122.478174,38.307374 -122.478087,38.307065 -122.478015,38.30681 -122.477938,38.306532 -122.477861,38.306254 -122.477801,38.306045 -122.477753,38.305848 -122.477727,38.305792 -122.477702,38.305705 -122.477627,38.305444 -122.477603,38.305357 -122.477594,38.305327 -122.477572,38.305255 -122.477532,38.305127 -122.477501,38.305026 -122.477479,38.304952 -122.477449,38.304851 -122.477428,38.304783 -122.477365,38.30458 -122.477345,38.304513 -122.477302,38.304377 -122.47729,38.304338 -122.477233,38.304151 -122.4772,38.304059 -122.477159,38.303976 -122.477098,38.303848 -122.477012,38.303707 -122.476924,38.30359 -122.476889,38.303543 -122.47629,38.302904 -122.476077,38.302678 -122.475794,38.302383 -122.475712,38.302298 -122.475373,38.301918 -122.475266,38.301813 -122.475126,38.301654 -122.475005,38.301485 -122.474992,38.30146 -122.47497,38.301414 -122.47492,38.301285 -122.474883,38.301131 -122.474875,38.301072 -122.474872,38.30104 -122.474868,38.300975 -122.474869,38.300944 -122.474871,38.300913 -122.474874,38.30084 -122.474875,38.300819 -122.474908,38.300623 -122.474921,38.300552 -122.474987,38.300165 -122.474988,38.300152 -122.475086,38.299514 -122.475164,38.29895 -122.475221,38.29855 -122.475259,38.298256 -122.475357,38.297515 -122.475379,38.297375 -122.475426,38.297083 -122.475441,38.296987 -122.475469,38.29679 -122.475496,38.296603 -122.47553,38.296375 -122.475577,38.29606 -122.475611,38.295837 -122.475643,38.295626 -122.47566,38.295514 -122.475689,38.295307 -122.475694,38.295271 -122.475733,38.295033 -122.475771,38.294791 -122.475793,38.294566 -122.475799,38.294506 -122.475808,38.29433 </LineString><LineString> -122.475808,38.29433 -122.475814,38.294198 -122.475824,38.29401 -122.47584,38.293802 -122.475844,38.293757 -122.475845,38.293671 -122.475657,38.293653 -122.475093,38.293601 -122.474905,38.293584 </LineString><LineString> -122.474905,38.293584 -122.475059,38.293617 -122.475149,38.293644 -122.475208,38.293663 -122.475366,38.293731 -122.475449,38.293777 -122.475551,38.293858 -122.475639,38.293949 -122.475713,38.294047 -122.475737,38.294088 -122.475751,38.294113 -122.475808,38.29433 </LineString><LineString> -122.474905,38.293584 -122.474662,38.293561 -122.474531,38.293548 -122.474168,38.293514 -122.473935,38.293493 -122.473693,38.293471 -122.473311,38.293435 -122.472883,38.293395 -122.472684,38.29337 -122.472328,38.293336 -122.472167,38.293321 -122.471786,38.293285 -122.471503,38.293257 -122.470654,38.293174 -122.470372,38.293147 -122.469908,38.293098 -122.468517,38.292953 -122.468404,38.292942 -122.468053,38.292921 -122.467744,38.292903 -122.467585,38.292885 -122.467221,38.292847 -122.466362,38.292756 -122.466185,38.292738 -122.465718,38.292693 -122.465266,38.292646 -122.463909,38.292505 -122.463458,38.292459 -122.463067,38.292421 -122.463015,38.292415 -122.461691,38.29227 -122.461579,38.292258 -122.461249,38.292232 -122.46086,38.292208 -122.460795,38.292202 -122.460466,38.292176 -122.459439,38.292072 -122.458987,38.292027 -122.458761,38.292013 -122.458084,38.291971 -122.457859,38.291957 -122.4579,38.291669 -122.457949,38.291331 -122.45803,38.290809 -122.458075,38.290523 -122.458086,38.290441 -122.458123,38.290198 -122.458136,38.290118 -122.458166,38.289922 -122.458259,38.289338 -122.45829,38.289143 -122.458314,38.288982 -122.458387,38.2885 -122.458412,38.28834 -122.458465,38.287982 -122.458626,38.286911 -122.45868,38.286554 -122.458953,38.28476 -122.459078,38.283948 -122.459098,38.283832 -122.459126,38.283663 -122.459133,38.283623 -122.459208,38.283159 -122.459236,38.282991 -122.459293,38.282623 -122.459446,38.281654 -122.459467,38.281519 -122.459516,38.281209 -122.459525,38.281152 -122.459552,38.280941 -122.459601,38.280561 -122.459636,38.280308 -122.459666,38.280098 -122.459683,38.27998 -122.459691,38.279918 -122.45971,38.279793 -122.45975,38.279527 -122.459773,38.27938 -122.459802,38.279201 -122.459808,38.279156 -122.45983,38.279022 -122.459837,38.278978 -122.459849,38.27889 -122.459851,38.278877 -122.459888,38.278626 -122.459901,38.278539 -122.459956,38.278134 -122.459974,38.278003 -122.459983,38.27793 -122.460014,38.277711 -122.460024,38.277639 -122.460099,38.277014 -122.46033,38.275809 -122.46036,38.275612 -122.460453,38.275021 -122.460466,38.274941 -122.460483,38.274824 -122.460497,38.274725 -122.460507,38.274656 -122.460516,38.274592 -122.460582,38.274155 -122.460607,38.273988 -122.460634,38.273798 -122.460678,38.273527 -122.460747,38.273105 -122.460828,38.272523 -122.460895,38.272148 -122.460902,38.272113 -122.460905,38.272095 -122.460964,38.271688 -122.460987,38.27151 -122.461061,38.271067 -122.461114,38.270754 -122.461358,38.269206 -122.461457,38.268586 -122.461556,38.267944 -122.461768,38.266585 -122.461859,38.266019 -122.461963,38.265378 -122.462046,38.264791 -122.462139,38.264138 -122.46225,38.263408 -122.462306,38.263062 -122.462306,38.263035 -122.462309,38.262944 -122.462303,38.262885 -122.462274,38.262769 -122.462223,38.262658 -122.462152,38.262554 -122.462101,38.262501 -122.462081,38.26248 -122.462062,38.26246 -122.462041,38.262441 -122.462018,38.262421 -122.461997,38.262402 -122.461889,38.262325 -122.461837,38.262298 -122.461767,38.262262 -122.461702,38.262236 -122.4616,38.262206 -122.461494,38.262183 -122.461286,38.262165 -122.461097,38.26215 -122.460548,38.262104 -122.460416,38.262094 -122.459857,38.26205 -122.458901,38.261973 -122.458353,38.26193 -122.458211,38.261919 -122.458195,38.261918 -122.458118,38.261907 -122.458008,38.261893 -122.45788,38.261866 -122.457816,38.261853 -122.457792,38.261846 -122.457657,38.261805 -122.457542,38.261761 -122.457465,38.261727 -122.457292,38.261635 -122.457161,38.261547 -122.457063,38.26147 -122.456961,38.261372 -122.456938,38.26135 -122.456829,38.261214 -122.456637,38.260911 -122.456591,38.260833 -122.455905,38.259674 -122.455677,38.259288 -122.455559,38.259094 -122.455207,38.258515 -122.45509,38.258322 -122.454667,38.257659 -122.454369,38.257192 -122.454042,38.25669 -122.453395,38.255675 -122.453386,38.255661 -122.453157,38.25527 -122.45311,38.255191 -122.453008,38.254993 -122.452898,38.254779 -122.452483,38.253907 -122.451354,38.251529 -122.451263,38.251346 -122.451206,38.251242 -122.451051,38.251004 -122.45093,38.250848 -122.450815,38.250718 -122.450321,38.250184 -122.450254,38.250102 -122.450112,38.249904 -122.450045,38.249786 -122.449982,38.249674 -122.449904,38.249502 -122.449878,38.249435 -122.449864,38.249398 -122.449845,38.249334 -122.449802,38.249187 -122.449736,38.248795 -122.449667,38.24829 -122.449616,38.247905 -122.449591,38.247716 -122.449519,38.247149 -122.449495,38.24696 -122.449363,38.245935 -122.449271,38.245263 -122.449175,38.245084 -122.449047,38.244953 -122.448776,38.244762 -122.448539,38.244671 -122.448298,38.244622 -122.44801,38.244622 -122.44674,38.244801 -122.445153,38.245039 -122.445099,38.245047 -122.443334,38.24532 -122.439456,38.245904 -122.439167,38.245946 -122.438907,38.245983 -122.438685,38.246016 -122.438485,38.246041 -122.438353,38.246057 -122.438208,38.246074 -122.437805,38.246092 -122.437588,38.246094 -122.436883,38.246104 -122.43594,38.246135 -122.435728,38.246137 -122.43533,38.246141 -122.435108,38.246145 -122.434689,38.246153 -122.433608,38.246175 -122.433435,38.246179 -122.433017,38.246191 -122.432942,38.246192 -122.43272,38.246199 -122.432646,38.246202 -122.432138,38.246217 -122.43123,38.246234 -122.430458,38.246251 -122.423897,38.246399 -122.42171,38.246449 -122.421382,38.246453 -122.420769,38.246467 -122.419272,38.246504 -122.417947,38.246532 -122.417007,38.246553 -122.416144,38.246572 -122.414353,38.246613 -122.413962,38.246649 -122.413729,38.2467 -122.413623,38.246739 -122.413572,38.246754 -122.41342,38.246801 -122.413219,38.246882 -122.413133,38.246923 -122.412956,38.247023 -122.4128,38.247129 -122.411869,38.247739 -122.411217,38.248138 -122.41093,38.248319 -122.410738,38.248464 -122.410578,38.248606 -122.410412,38.24878 -122.409648,38.249706 -122.409516,38.249867 -122.40917,38.250294 -122.408732,38.250819 -122.40862,38.250928 -122.408494,38.251038 -122.408387,38.25112 -122.408275,38.251196 -122.408042,38.251337 -122.407779,38.25146 -122.40764,38.251514 -122.4074,38.251592 -122.405459,38.252149 -122.40383,38.252606 -122.403553,38.252679 -122.403376,38.252714 -122.403276,38.252728 -122.403175,38.252737 -122.403051,38.252742 -122.402906,38.252739 -122.402671,38.252721 -122.402352,38.252673 -122.402104,38.252624 -122.401841,38.252562 -122.401584,38.252484 -122.399995,38.251963 -122.399578,38.251832 -122.399373,38.251785 -122.399114,38.251742 -122.398838,38.251714 -122.398641,38.251709 -122.398434,38.251715 -122.398307,38.251724 -122.398187,38.251737 -122.398081,38.25175 -122.397842,38.251794 -122.397724,38.251822 -122.397543,38.251876 -122.397494,38.251892 -122.397248,38.251986 -122.397145,38.252029 -122.397081,38.252055 -122.396942,38.252118 -122.396679,38.252234 -122.39627,38.25242 -122.395839,38.252615 -122.39502,38.252981 -122.394561,38.253185 -122.394333,38.253269 -122.394069,38.253349 -122.393797,38.253411 -122.393535,38.253451 -122.393339,38.253469 -122.393089,38.253475 -122.392896,38.253466 -122.39265,38.253439 -122.392528,38.253419 -122.392288,38.253366 -122.391974,38.253257 -122.391534,38.253104 -122.39128,38.253002 -122.390769,38.252816 -122.390649,38.252769 -122.390514,38.252717 -122.390183,38.252605 -122.389547,38.252374 -122.389223,38.252273 -122.38884,38.252143 -122.388279,38.251971 -122.387628,38.251791 -122.387459,38.251755 -122.385317,38.25126 -122.38436,38.251029 -122.382358,38.250544 -122.381951,38.250479 -122.381695,38.250438 -122.381044,38.250399 -122.380393,38.250423 -122.379867,38.250499 -122.379285,38.250628 -122.379104,38.250678 -122.378987,38.250714 -122.378792,38.250782 -122.378279,38.250998 -122.378152,38.251064 -122.377709,38.251284 -122.376611,38.251883 -122.375708,38.252386 -122.374411,38.253095 -122.373423,38.253569 -122.373132,38.253704 -122.372902,38.253805 -122.372358,38.254016 -122.371011,38.254519 -122.369711,38.254967 -122.367359,38.255784 -122.366908,38.255941 -122.366354,38.256089 -122.366053,38.256144 -122.36567,38.256184 -122.365215,38.256201 -122.364713,38.256179 -122.364387,38.256145 -122.36408,38.256084 -122.36364,38.255978 -122.363585,38.255967 -122.363288,38.255899 -122.363071,38.255865 -122.362787,38.255859 -122.362558,38.25588 -122.362363,38.255931 -122.362143,38.255994 -122.361935,38.256082 -122.361188,38.256466 -122.358967,38.257582 -122.357616,38.258252 -122.357326,38.258357 -122.357163,38.258398 -122.35693,38.258437 -122.356488,38.25842 -122.356301,38.258391 -122.35606,38.258315 -122.35558,38.258139 -122.354215,38.257605 -122.352221,38.256818 -122.351699,38.25662 -122.351157,38.256466 -122.350835,38.256405 -122.350595,38.256372 -122.35025,38.256324 -122.349508,38.256237 -122.348057,38.256082 -122.346982,38.255954 -122.346921,38.255947 -122.34643,38.255871 -122.345832,38.255822 -122.344534,38.255671 -122.344409,38.255656 -122.343579,38.255538 -122.34308,38.255472 -122.34243,38.255352 -122.341881,38.255267 -122.33961,38.254844 -122.339529,38.254829 -122.338672,38.254664 -122.338041,38.25457 -122.337576,38.254524 -122.337089,38.254519 -122.336626,38.25453 -122.336324,38.254557 -122.335948,38.254599 -122.335629,38.254644 -122.334921,38.254771 -122.332934,38.255095 -122.332666,38.255142 -122.329633,38.255704 -122.328342,38.255923 -122.327927,38.255984 -122.326854,38.256186 -122.326368,38.256287 -122.322986,38.256897 -122.322118,38.257067 -122.321821,38.257118 -122.320787,38.257297 -122.320707,38.257311 -122.320351,38.257372 -122.318691,38.257682 -122.318363,38.257738 -122.316365,38.258082 -122.315828,38.258177 -122.315741,38.258193 -122.315085,38.258301 -122.313624,38.25856 -122.31282,38.258709 -122.312557,38.258754 -122.312145,38.258826 -122.312009,38.25885 -122.311314,38.258939 -122.310901,38.258963 -122.310652,38.258964 -122.31004,38.258928 -122.309611,38.258878 -122.306807,38.258434 -122.306384,38.258362 -122.305029,38.258152 -122.304584,38.258067 -122.304105,38.257961 -122.303149,38.257703 -122.303024,38.257661 -122.302937,38.257632 -122.302863,38.25761 </LineString><LineString> -122.257767,38.223083 -122.257998,38.223131 -122.258062,38.223853 -122.258078,38.223942 -122.258363,38.227674 -122.258369,38.227751 -122.258464,38.22862 -122.258509,38.229309 -122.258617,38.23023 -122.258722,38.230757 -122.258924,38.231422 -122.25913,38.231985 -122.259431,38.232545 -122.259786,38.233123 -122.260092,38.233536 -122.260193,38.233657 -122.260471,38.233988 -122.26089,38.234405 -122.260929,38.234443 -122.261488,38.234935 -122.262153,38.235553 -122.262851,38.236143 -122.263624,38.236791 -122.264253,38.237318 -122.265325,38.23826 -122.265731,38.238596 -122.266094,38.2389 -122.266766,38.239473 -122.267504,38.240122 -122.267717,38.240309 -122.268032,38.240551 -122.268299,38.240741 -122.268551,38.240928 -122.268994,38.241203 -122.269249,38.241347 -122.269372,38.241425 -122.269606,38.241548 -122.270027,38.241752 -122.270507,38.241963 -122.270909,38.242119 -122.271366,38.242279 -122.271718,38.242383 -122.272092,38.242485 -122.272419,38.242566 -122.272919,38.242669 -122.273208,38.24272 -122.273708,38.242791 -122.274034,38.242828 -122.274354,38.242857 -122.274711,38.242882 -122.275674,38.242913 -122.276661,38.242953 -122.277336,38.242973 -122.277701,38.242981 -122.278789,38.243038 -122.279517,38.243116 -122.281971,38.243396 -122.283619,38.243591 -122.284689,38.24374 -122.284857,38.243766 -122.285083,38.243801 -122.28524,38.243826 -122.285398,38.24385 -122.285482,38.243863 -122.285888,38.243931 -122.286825,38.244107 -122.287659,38.244283 -122.288461,38.244467 -122.289114,38.24463 -122.289762,38.244802 -122.289868,38.244833 -122.290171,38.244922 -122.292068,38.245479 -122.292531,38.245622 -122.292998,38.24576 -122.293335,38.245864 -122.296397,38.246784 -122.297624,38.247159 -122.297854,38.247234 -122.298183,38.247353 -122.298588,38.247516 -122.298874,38.247648 -122.299295,38.247856 -122.299544,38.24799 -122.299871,38.24818 -122.300225,38.248407 -122.300596,38.24867 -122.300778,38.248813 -122.301089,38.249071 -122.30136,38.249321 -122.30162,38.249578 -122.301814,38.249791 -122.302,38.250012 -122.302031,38.250045 -122.302061,38.250087 -122.302204,38.250272 -122.302357,38.250505 -122.30244,38.250619 -122.302626,38.250929 -122.302802,38.25121 -122.30294,38.251499 -122.303262,38.252255 -122.303405,38.252719 -122.30349,38.253153 -122.303502,38.253228 -122.303537,38.253447 -122.303574,38.253929 -122.303576,38.254006 -122.303583,38.254315 -122.303583,38.254666 -122.303548,38.25538 -122.303502,38.255646 -122.303446,38.255918 -122.303356,38.256251 -122.303252,38.256604 -122.303134,38.256924 -122.302935,38.257398 -122.302863,38.25761 </LineString><LineString> -122.302863,38.25761 -122.302612,38.257538 -122.30268,38.257383 -122.302773,38.257188 -122.302898,38.25689 -122.303005,38.256587 -122.3031,38.256289 -122.303172,38.255988 -122.303207,38.255785 -122.303279,38.255199 -122.303298,38.254966 -122.303315,38.254556 -122.303292,38.253963 -122.303272,38.253743 -122.303262,38.253667 -122.303217,38.253344 -122.3032,38.253264 -122.303166,38.253101 -122.303033,38.252591 -122.302938,38.252293 -122.302833,38.252013 -122.302707,38.251721 -122.302554,38.251403 -122.302359,38.251045 -122.302219,38.250822 -122.302029,38.25054 -122.301865,38.250317 -122.301656,38.250057 -122.301625,38.250022 -122.301505,38.249883 -122.301264,38.249626 -122.301001,38.249368 -122.300736,38.249132 -122.300344,38.248819 -122.299959,38.248542 -122.299484,38.248236 -122.299287,38.248122 -122.298981,38.247962 -122.298593,38.247775 -122.298197,38.2476 -122.297867,38.247469 -122.297487,38.247338 -122.2973,38.247274 -122.293167,38.245935 -122.291326,38.245347 -122.290679,38.245148 -122.290157,38.244999 -122.290026,38.244962 -122.289852,38.244914 -122.289699,38.244872 -122.289369,38.244785 -122.288593,38.244589 -122.287812,38.244407 -122.287,38.244228 -122.286228,38.244076 -122.285859,38.244009 -122.285447,38.243934 -122.285368,38.243922 -122.285052,38.243874 -122.284857,38.243843 -122.284831,38.243839 -122.284792,38.243834 -122.284661,38.243813 -122.283584,38.243663 -122.282885,38.243585 -122.281961,38.243475 -122.281112,38.243396 -122.280038,38.24331 -122.27952,38.243282 -122.278852,38.243254 -122.277668,38.243213 -122.277331,38.243197 -122.276449,38.24318 -122.275703,38.243153 -122.274739,38.243108 -122.274057,38.243066 -122.2737,38.243024 -122.273393,38.242983 -122.27283,38.242893 -122.272389,38.242794 -122.272038,38.242705 -122.271632,38.242594 -122.271307,38.24249 -122.270825,38.242319 -122.270354,38.242131 -122.269833,38.241881 -122.269457,38.241687 -122.269218,38.241557 -122.269118,38.241512 -122.269053,38.241467 -122.268927,38.241389 -122.26831,38.240987 -122.267942,38.240713 -122.267509,38.240351 -122.267431,38.240285 -122.2671,38.240008 -122.266646,38.239644 -122.266087,38.239165 -122.265655,38.238774 -122.264463,38.237771 -122.263367,38.236836 -122.263221,38.236719 -122.260933,38.234728 -122.260416,38.234269 -122.260159,38.233918 -122.259637,38.233248 -122.259248,38.232678 -122.258951,38.23212 -122.258782,38.231708 -122.258601,38.231195 -122.258442,38.230623 -122.258381,38.230209 -122.258317,38.22972 -122.258279,38.229163 -122.25816,38.227722 -122.258117,38.227197 -122.257857,38.224219 -122.257828,38.223989 -122.257767,38.223083 </LineString><LineString> -122.257767,38.223083 -122.257027,38.223036 -122.256259,38.222994 -122.253264,38.222599 -122.252783,38.222535 -122.250749,38.222295 -122.250351,38.222243 -122.249844,38.222163 -122.249198,38.222042 -122.248099,38.221811 -122.24717,38.221611 -122.246338,38.221442 -122.245738,38.221331 -122.245209,38.221258 -122.24486,38.221248 -122.244219,38.221231 -122.240991,38.221351 -122.24036,38.221387 -122.239598,38.221422 -122.238861,38.221421 -122.238696,38.221413 -122.238353,38.221396 -122.23796,38.221341 -122.237594,38.221274 -122.237073,38.221152 -122.235266,38.220531 -122.234117,38.220115 -122.232575,38.219556 -122.231514,38.219186 -122.228575,38.218143 -122.224631,38.216737 -122.222254,38.21589 -122.221413,38.215595 -122.219911,38.215059 -122.218419,38.214605 -122.217517,38.214336 -122.217018,38.214187 -122.216724,38.214106 -122.216471,38.214038 -122.213049,38.213037 -122.212702,38.212922 -122.212502,38.212849 -122.211193,38.212329 -122.210657,38.212125 -122.210217,38.211981 -122.209737,38.211861 -122.208849,38.211677 -122.208169,38.21153 -122.207743,38.211388 -122.207217,38.211151 -122.206576,38.210831 -122.206342,38.210714 -122.205829,38.210458 -122.20496,38.21001 -122.204376,38.209769 -122.204167,38.209699 </LineString><LineString> -122.204167,38.209699 -122.204099,38.209672 -122.20338,38.209461 -122.202193,38.209233 -122.200249,38.208876 -122.199899,38.20884 -122.199452,38.208823 -122.197655,38.208851 -122.195503,38.208878 -122.194356,38.208797 -122.192064,38.208594 -122.191072,38.208497 -122.190111,38.20845 -122.188797,38.208433 -122.187858,38.208433 -122.186931,38.208422 -122.186125,38.208394 -122.185886,38.208369 -122.185608,38.208342 -122.185072,38.208261 -122.18499,38.208243 -122.18455,38.20815 -122.184447,38.208122 -122.183775,38.207942 -122.181597,38.207308 -122.180758,38.207086 -122.179667,38.206811 -122.179006,38.206652 -122.178628,38.206561 -122.177853,38.206383 -122.177489,38.206322 -122.177003,38.206297 -122.176806,38.2063 -122.176347,38.206342 -122.175936,38.206403 -122.174619,38.206564 -122.174128,38.206614 -122.173664,38.206628 -122.173231,38.206617 -122.172914,38.206633 -122.172772,38.206656 -122.1725,38.206722 -122.171936,38.206928 -122.171186,38.207175 -122.170844,38.207267 -122.170558,38.207333 -122.169825,38.207453 -122.169275,38.207531 -122.168589,38.207603 -122.167833,38.207658 -122.166167,38.207708 -122.16567,38.207711 -122.164136,38.207658 -122.161689,38.207639 -122.159606,38.207633 -122.159183,38.207639 -122.157822,38.207633 -122.157231,38.207644 -122.156683,38.207683 -122.156239,38.207717 -122.154019,38.207894 -122.153358,38.207958 -122.152439,38.208069 -122.151336,38.208164 -122.150861,38.208186 -122.150203,38.208228 </LineString><LineString> -122.150203,38.208228 -122.150203,38.208228 </LineString><LineString> -122.150203,38.208228 -122.149689,38.208261 -122.149231,38.208631 -122.146954,38.210208 -122.146885,38.210256 -122.145417,38.211289 -122.144449,38.211962 -122.144167,38.212158 -122.141353,38.214114 -122.139706,38.215269 -122.139278,38.215561 -122.138314,38.216214 -122.137874,38.216524 -122.13705,38.217103 -122.136481,38.217497 -122.134387,38.218949 -122.132983,38.219922 -122.131631,38.220856 -122.130547,38.221614 -122.128806,38.222747 -122.126486,38.224228 -122.125754,38.224636 -122.125,38.225058 -122.124817,38.225183 -122.123943,38.225658 -122.122704,38.226333 -122.121592,38.226939 -122.120211,38.227589 -122.119402,38.227988 -122.119072,38.22815 -122.117544,38.228858 -122.116289,38.229375 -122.113881,38.230404 -122.113229,38.230682 -122.112357,38.231053 -122.110522,38.231833 -122.107936,38.23295 -122.106861,38.233433 -122.105905,38.233848 -122.103542,38.234875 -122.102342,38.235389 -122.100967,38.236017 -122.100272,38.236311 -122.100022,38.236417 -122.098703,38.237003 -122.097219,38.237633 -122.097068,38.237703 -122.096942,38.237761 -122.094878,38.238556 -122.093183,38.239092 -122.092544,38.23925 -122.091956,38.239342 -122.090869,38.239436 -122.089978,38.239475 -122.088786,38.239511 -122.087751,38.239551 -122.086989,38.239581 -122.085781,38.239619 -122.0846,38.239647 -122.084117,38.239667 -122.082047,38.23975 -122.080706,38.239794 -122.079703,38.239836 -122.078575,38.239856 -122.076897,38.239906 -122.075542,38.239958 -122.074119,38.240031 -122.07255,38.240044 -122.0711,38.240093 -122.068908,38.240167 -122.06735,38.240206 -122.066998,38.24022 -122.066417,38.240242 -122.066256,38.240247 -122.065085,38.240291 -122.063825,38.240339 -122.063178,38.24035 -122.062434,38.240382 -122.060486,38.240465 -122.060192,38.240478 -122.059328,38.240506 -122.058286,38.240528 -122.056633,38.240586 -122.054853,38.240681 -122.052261,38.240967 -122.050914,38.241131 -122.050492,38.241183 -122.050258,38.241211 -122.050016,38.241249 -122.049656,38.241306 -122.049,38.241425 -122.048531,38.241531 -122.047847,38.241733 -122.046792,38.242033 -122.045341,38.242456 -122.044808,38.242611 -122.044601,38.242666 -122.044525,38.242686 -122.043992,38.242828 -122.043253,38.243058 -122.042017,38.243417 -122.041278,38.243631 -122.041157,38.243666 -122.041117,38.243677 -122.040721,38.243767 -122.040486,38.243821 -122.040311,38.243906 -122.038825,38.244339 -122.037592,38.244667 -122.037439,38.24471 -122.036858,38.244873 -122.036397,38.244978 -122.035944,38.245033 -122.035671,38.245051 -122.035478,38.245064 -122.035056,38.245053 -122.034631,38.245025 -122.034489,38.245017 -122.033942,38.244944 -122.033086,38.244769 -122.032999,38.244749 -122.032244,38.244578 -122.031556,38.244475 -122.031208,38.244417 -122.030347,38.244294 -122.029896,38.244236 -122.029419,38.244175 -122.027714,38.243922 -122.026539,38.243761 -122.025553,38.243675 -122.024969,38.243644 -122.023067,38.243606 -122.022072,38.243586 -122.020472,38.243519 -122.020299,38.243505 -122.017583,38.243414 -122.017361,38.243403 -122.015371,38.243361 -122.013833,38.243328 -122.010912,38.243234 -122.010547,38.243222 -122.008336,38.243169 -122.006781,38.243153 -122.006125,38.243152 -122.005323,38.24315 -122.00519,38.24315 -122.003758,38.243158 -122.001917,38.243181 -121.998158,38.243203 -121.997314,38.243183 -121.996836,38.243142 -121.996431,38.243097 -121.995861,38.243014 -121.995408,38.242931 -121.994892,38.242819 -121.994264,38.242642 -121.993508,38.242392 -121.992819,38.242103 -121.992414,38.241897 -121.991914,38.241622 -121.99145,38.241342 -121.991006,38.241053 -121.990313,38.240501 -121.9902,38.240411 -121.989975,38.240211 -121.989864,38.240117 -121.98966,38.23995 -121.989194,38.239569 -121.988181,38.238767 -121.988092,38.238706 -121.987781,38.238494 -121.987394,38.238203 -121.987139,38.238025 -121.986425,38.237594 </LineString><LineString> -122.150203,38.208228 -122.149203,38.209031 -122.147183,38.210428 -122.146736,38.210728 -122.145972,38.211242 -122.144677,38.212139 -122.143858,38.212706 -122.141844,38.2141 -122.141333,38.214458 -122.139375,38.215797 -122.138209,38.216609 -122.137868,38.216847 -122.136845,38.217558 -122.13661,38.217721 -122.135175,38.218681 -122.134417,38.219223 -122.134,38.219522 -122.133008,38.220215 -122.132383,38.220648 -122.131183,38.221481 -122.129731,38.222469 -122.129,38.22295 -122.128047,38.223589 -122.126872,38.224297 -122.125011,38.22543 -122.123653,38.226181 -122.122562,38.226771 -122.122322,38.22689 -122.120361,38.227864 -122.119533,38.228256 -122.118658,38.228656 -122.117733,38.229058 -122.117036,38.229375 -122.116122,38.22975 -122.115231,38.230142 -122.114567,38.230403 -122.114003,38.230647 -122.113151,38.230997 -122.11295,38.23108 -122.112462,38.231285 -122.111647,38.231628 -122.109861,38.232408 -122.108525,38.233014 -122.107469,38.233478 -122.106797,38.233744 -122.105963,38.234115 -122.104164,38.234914 -122.103061,38.235392 -122.102017,38.235861 -122.101047,38.236281 -122.099797,38.236842 -122.099453,38.237061 -122.098622,38.237458 -122.097842,38.237911 -122.097128,38.238371 -122.096319,38.238892 -122.095878,38.23915 -122.095225,38.23944 -122.094786,38.239603 -122.094175,38.239794 -122.093756,38.239878 -122.093144,38.239978 -122.092408,38.240017 -122.091839,38.240044 -122.091731,38.240042 -122.091164,38.240022 -122.089214,38.239831 -122.088726,38.239791 -122.0879,38.239756 -122.087756,38.239755 -122.087083,38.23975 -122.084119,38.239836 -122.083319,38.239856 -122.081567,38.239931 -122.079192,38.240003 -122.077867,38.240042 -122.076378,38.240106 -122.0753,38.240128 -122.071719,38.240247 -122.0711,38.240262 -122.070006,38.240289 -122.068544,38.24035 -122.067016,38.2404 -122.066775,38.240408 -122.066417,38.240414 -122.066269,38.240414 -122.065159,38.240427 -122.065064,38.240428 -122.063257,38.240512 -122.06253,38.240541 -122.06111,38.240599 -122.061086,38.2406 -122.060192,38.240622 -122.058589,38.240675 -122.05745,38.240703 -122.055806,38.240781 -122.055075,38.240831 -122.053567,38.240981 -122.052239,38.241128 -122.050761,38.241272 -122.050458,38.241312 -122.050118,38.241355 -122.049939,38.241378 -122.049764,38.2414 -122.049053,38.241519 -122.048481,38.241658 -122.047694,38.241894 -122.046456,38.242244 -122.045013,38.242663 -122.044836,38.242713 -122.044594,38.242783 -122.043253,38.243172 -122.042047,38.243528 -122.041888,38.243574 -122.041153,38.243788 -122.04045,38.243989 -122.039189,38.24435 -122.038806,38.244452 -122.038319,38.244581 -122.037376,38.244851 -122.036878,38.244993 -122.036483,38.245064 -122.036,38.245125 -122.035567,38.245158 -122.035535,38.245159 -122.035114,38.245167 -122.034767,38.245153 -122.034425,38.245122 -122.032589,38.24485 -122.031597,38.2447 -122.031403,38.244669 -122.029681,38.244397 -122.029586,38.244383 -122.027919,38.244131 -122.026992,38.243978 -122.026375,38.243914 -122.025439,38.243836 -122.025089,38.243825 -122.023672,38.243794 -122.022581,38.243789 -122.021836,38.243775 -122.020463,38.243737 -122.020331,38.243733 -122.017614,38.243662 -122.015867,38.243606 -122.015604,38.2436 -122.014878,38.243583 -122.010717,38.243471 -122.010464,38.243464 -122.008947,38.243444 -122.006352,38.243388 -122.005355,38.243366 -122.005075,38.243361 -122.004278,38.243381 -122.000392,38.243406 -121.999573,38.243428 -121.999195,38.243431 -121.997742,38.243442 -121.997006,38.243428 -121.996656,38.243397 -121.996596,38.243388 -121.9958,38.243272 -121.994736,38.243028 -121.994435,38.242935 -121.993975,38.242792 -121.993511,38.242636 -121.993039,38.242456 -121.992508,38.242217 -121.992103,38.242019 -121.991442,38.241639 -121.990975,38.241336 -121.990158,38.240697 -121.989769,38.240378 -121.989653,38.240269 -121.989536,38.240161 -121.989283,38.23995 -121.988091,38.239017 -121.988044,38.238981 -121.986822,38.237944 -121.986425,38.237594 </LineString><LineString> -121.986425,38.237594 -121.986014,38.237217 -121.984298,38.235819 -121.983003,38.234765 -121.981464,38.233511 -121.980933,38.233086 -121.980278,38.232536 -121.979006,38.231497 -121.978097,38.230778 -121.978063,38.230752 -121.977772,38.230533 -121.977042,38.230089 -121.976914,38.230023 -121.976586,38.229853 -121.975862,38.229515 -121.975692,38.229436 -121.9751,38.229203 -121.974231,38.228931 -121.973208,38.228708 -121.972686,38.228617 -121.972183,38.228561 -121.971764,38.228539 -121.970344,38.228506 -121.969994,38.228497 -121.969714,38.228495 -121.968553,38.228489 -121.964847,38.228486 -121.962825,38.228497 -121.960872,38.228478 -121.9592,38.228485 -121.958925,38.228486 -121.952078,38.228489 -121.951767,38.228484 -121.950944,38.228475 -121.9477,38.228481 -121.944608,38.228464 -121.942471,38.228464 -121.938006,38.228456 -121.935356,38.228433 -121.929325,38.228436 -121.922244,38.228406 -121.921817,38.228397 -121.920785,38.228396 -121.917225,38.228394 -121.916625,38.228381 -121.915435,38.228397 -121.915008,38.228395 -121.913514,38.228389 -121.912181,38.228394 -121.910606,38.228381 -121.906719,38.228375 -121.905486,38.228358 -121.903575,38.228367 -121.899731,38.228367 -121.898767,38.228306 -121.898184,38.228207 -121.897772,38.228122 -121.897225,38.227983 -121.89685,38.227864 -121.896464,38.227717 -121.896437,38.227705 -121.896291,38.227639 -121.896165,38.227582 -121.895853,38.227442 -121.895617,38.227308 -121.894917,38.226833 -121.894733,38.226694 -121.894475,38.226481 -121.894228,38.226244 -121.893169,38.225081 -121.892603,38.224447 -121.891922,38.223711 -121.891317,38.223053 -121.890961,38.222633 -121.890189,38.221811 -121.889761,38.221342 -121.889306,38.220814 -121.888869,38.220339 -121.888694,38.220139 -121.888206,38.219622 -121.887861,38.219217 -121.886108,38.217289 -121.885328,38.216453 -121.885033,38.216117 -121.883822,38.214797 -121.883603,38.214548 -121.883297,38.2142 -121.882678,38.213522 -121.882142,38.212897 -121.881106,38.2118 -121.880525,38.211144 -121.879714,38.210264 -121.879444,38.209953 -121.879092,38.209592 -121.878747,38.209264 -121.878447,38.209011 -121.878078,38.208717 -121.877775,38.208461 -121.876947,38.20785 -121.876331,38.207339 -121.876008,38.207072 -121.875683,38.206774 -121.875581,38.206681 -121.874983,38.206097 -121.87477,38.205865 -121.874402,38.205465 -121.873775,38.204703 -121.873475,38.204367 -121.8732,38.204058 -121.872275,38.203094 -121.86985,38.200672 -121.866964,38.197867 -121.865711,38.196625 -121.863642,38.194614 -121.863269,38.194269 -121.862894,38.193975 -121.862536,38.193733 -121.862125,38.193481 -121.861692,38.193244 -121.861272,38.193014 -121.860614,38.192644 -121.860011,38.192328 -121.859169,38.191856 -121.858189,38.191319 -121.857664,38.191022 -121.857261,38.190798 -121.856533,38.190408 -121.855803,38.189992 -121.853631,38.188781 -121.8524,38.188114 -121.851219,38.187553 -121.850585,38.18726 -121.848119,38.186119 -121.846592,38.185404 -121.845736,38.185003 -121.844842,38.184617 -121.844264,38.184414 -121.844076,38.184361 -121.843042,38.184069 -121.842531,38.183969 -121.841794,38.183847 -121.841144,38.183783 -121.840619,38.183744 -121.840214,38.183728 -121.838842,38.183728 -121.837356,38.183719 -121.834253,38.183719 -121.833586,38.183708 -121.832867,38.183706 -121.832053,38.183714 -121.829922,38.183725 -121.8273,38.1837 -121.821639,38.183697 -121.819799,38.183688 -121.818506,38.183681 -121.817631,38.183664 -121.815439,38.18365 -121.813728,38.183644 -121.813056,38.183633 -121.81065,38.183631 -121.809036,38.183636 -121.808004,38.183628 -121.806917,38.183619 -121.806186,38.183597 -121.806039,38.183592 -121.804872,38.183575 -121.804342,38.183567 -121.797411,38.183528 -121.794706,38.183531 -121.7935,38.183544 -121.792439,38.183547 -121.792262,38.183551 -121.791433,38.183569 -121.789653,38.183592 -121.787556,38.183589 -121.785959,38.183581 -121.7843,38.183597 -121.783067,38.183597 -121.782928,38.183594 -121.780372,38.183575 -121.778667,38.183553 -121.778436,38.183538 -121.775153,38.183539 -121.772781,38.183514 -121.771469,38.183514 -121.769628,38.183492 -121.769092,38.183494 -121.768604,38.183496 -121.76755,38.1835 -121.766783,38.1835 -121.762611,38.183494 -121.760833,38.183506 -121.756045,38.183495 -121.752417,38.183486 -121.750913,38.183483 -121.749978,38.183456 -121.749045,38.183467 -121.748211,38.183457 -121.746322,38.183458 -121.741622,38.183417 -121.738978,38.183381 -121.737514,38.183356 -121.736036,38.183331 -121.733922,38.183303 -121.732072,38.18327 -121.731892,38.183267 -121.729875,38.183222 -121.728056,38.183203 -121.727356,38.183183 -121.727094,38.183163 -121.726925,38.18315 -121.726508,38.183086 -121.726008,38.182981 -121.725161,38.182725 -121.724478,38.182425 -121.723744,38.182003 -121.723406,38.181769 -121.723239,38.181653 -121.723072,38.181521 -121.722608,38.181153 -121.721742,38.180486 -121.721397,38.180206 -121.720908,38.179797 -121.719714,38.178847 -121.718778,38.178086 -121.715686,38.175639 -121.715106,38.175175 -121.714181,38.174436 -121.713848,38.174173 -121.712425,38.173047 -121.711381,38.172205 -121.710767,38.171711 -121.709369,38.170608 -121.709228,38.170526 -121.709142,38.170455 -121.708691,38.17007 -121.706414,38.168259 -121.705408,38.167457 -121.704917,38.167067 -121.703672,38.166108 -121.70351,38.165978 -121.700011,38.163168 -121.699389,38.162636 -121.698847,38.162199 -121.698381,38.161822 -121.697805,38.16145 -121.697606,38.161319 -121.696864,38.160928 -121.696628,38.160864 -121.696019,38.1607 -121.695544,38.160594 -121.694908,38.160519 -121.694078,38.160517 -121.693953,38.160525 -121.692497,38.160625 -121.689983,38.160778 -121.689408,38.160817 -121.689122,38.16082 -121.689033,38.16082 -121.688722,38.160822 -121.688603,38.160809 -121.688219,38.160767 -121.687822,38.160686 -121.687481,38.160572 -121.687186,38.160475 -121.68647,38.16013 -121.685586,38.159705 -121.68422,38.159042 -121.682871,38.158385 -121.681384,38.157652 -121.679922,38.15693 -121.676409,38.155197 -121.675087,38.154548 -121.674745,38.154389 -121.674402,38.154235 -121.674053,38.154086 -121.6737,38.153941 -121.673346,38.153802 -121.672989,38.153667 -121.672628,38.153537 -121.672265,38.153412 -121.671531,38.153178 -121.670879,38.15299 -121.666762,38.151854 -121.663468,38.150945 -121.661081,38.150283 -121.653948,38.148315 -121.643574,38.145453 -121.623988,38.140042 -121.623767,38.139981 -121.595266,38.132099 -121.594341,38.131833 -121.593742,38.131648 -121.593145,38.131454 -121.592555,38.131253 -121.591967,38.131043 -121.591386,38.130826 -121.590809,38.1306 -121.590237,38.130367 -121.589531,38.130064 -121.586853,38.128899 -121.586023,38.128538 -121.583501,38.127439 -121.582743,38.1271 -121.58218,38.126856 -121.580386,38.126076 -121.579926,38.125876 -121.579679,38.125779 -121.579435,38.125684 -121.578445,38.125273 -121.578398,38.125256 -121.57522,38.123853 -121.55967,38.117078 -121.558045,38.116361 -121.555534,38.115277 -121.554226,38.114738 -121.553182,38.114377 -121.552033,38.114046 -121.551391,38.113876 -121.550805,38.113752 -121.550068,38.113614 -121.549015,38.113446 -121.547937,38.113316 -121.546885,38.113229 -121.546457,38.113212 -121.545081,38.1132 -121.543982,38.113215 -121.54227,38.113255 -121.534985,38.113386 -121.532799,38.113433 -121.524627,38.113574 </LineString><LineString> -121.524627,38.113574 -121.524392,38.113619 -121.522389,38.113617 -121.520028,38.113669 -121.514989,38.113734 -121.512752,38.113795 -121.510444,38.113842 -121.509827,38.113841 -121.509061,38.113878 -121.506222,38.113927 -121.505276,38.113954 -121.505018,38.113976 -121.504639,38.11402 -121.503421,38.114222 -121.500345,38.114789 -121.49973,38.114881 -121.498938,38.11496 -121.49855,38.114981 -121.498278,38.115003 -121.497758,38.115045 -121.497049,38.115093 -121.496954,38.1151 -121.494993,38.115247 -121.494094,38.115301 -121.492606,38.115364 -121.49053,38.115412 -121.488964,38.115428 -121.485655,38.115422 -121.48488,38.1154 -121.484528,38.115411 -121.483817,38.115414 -121.483069,38.115412 -121.47999,38.115406 -121.473414,38.115394 -121.469764,38.115383 -121.468293,38.115387 -121.465929,38.115379 -121.459093,38.115378 -121.456296,38.115405 -121.454205,38.115408 -121.452276,38.115401 -121.451623,38.11541 -121.44647,38.115403 -121.442433,38.115397 -121.44197,38.115413 -121.431286,38.115405 -121.431061,38.115413 -121.43079,38.115422 -121.429989,38.115496 -121.429507,38.115567 -121.427998,38.115857 -121.427272,38.115978 -121.426932,38.116024 -121.426368,38.116064 -121.425727,38.116084 -121.4227,38.116088 -121.422545,38.116095 -121.4216,38.116087 -121.419252,38.116097 -121.417325,38.116096 -121.413152,38.116116 -121.413146,38.116116 -121.412188,38.116113 -121.410924,38.11612 -121.410021,38.116115 -121.408905,38.116127 -121.404681,38.116113 -121.401259,38.116114 -121.400782,38.116115 -121.398133,38.116105 -121.397762,38.116118 -121.397544,38.116121 -121.397082,38.116131 -121.396159,38.116132 -121.395594,38.116123 -121.395048,38.116115 -121.3935,38.116115 -121.392757,38.11612 -121.392038,38.116126 -121.389248,38.116173 -121.388804,38.116191 -121.388564,38.116204 -121.387266,38.11623 -121.384619,38.116229 -121.370657,38.116184 -121.368034,38.116134 -121.366098,38.116072 -121.363981,38.116051 -121.360458,38.115969 -121.357952,38.115907 -121.355766,38.115852 -121.354165,38.115821 -121.353579,38.115819 -121.352431,38.115793 -121.35102,38.11577 -121.350275,38.115759 -121.347861,38.115732 -121.34561,38.115707 -121.343864,38.115699 -121.34321,38.11569 -121.339633,38.115651 -121.337746,38.115631 -121.334828,38.1156 -121.334063,38.115613 -121.327141,38.115565 -121.325306,38.115574 -121.318139,38.115558 -121.315931,38.115532 -121.315665,38.115529 -121.31407,38.115502 -121.313278,38.11549 -121.311941,38.115491 -121.310086,38.11549 -121.308596,38.115545 -121.307986,38.115564 -121.306609,38.11557 -121.306403,38.115572 -121.305526,38.115569 -121.304563,38.115586 -121.302969,38.115575 -121.302839,38.115573 -121.301686,38.115525 -121.300581,38.115495 -121.298621,38.1155 -121.297381,38.115528 -121.296889,38.115525 -121.296768,38.115521 -121.295353,38.11549 -121.294629,38.115489 -121.293446,38.115481 -121.292677,38.115474 -121.291732,38.11549 -121.290902,38.115525 -121.290866,38.115525 -121.288215,38.115514 -121.288046,38.115514 -121.285976,38.115507 -121.285774,38.115512 -121.285704,38.115511 -121.283009,38.1155 -121.282913,38.115497 -121.27902,38.115481 -121.278896,38.115485 -121.278004,38.115518 -121.277373,38.115544 -121.277217,38.115557 -121.276178,38.115614 -121.276073,38.115618 -121.274993,38.115661 -121.273632,38.115717 -121.272838,38.11575 -121.271358,38.115816 -121.270176,38.11589 -121.269722,38.115905 -121.269595,38.115908 -121.26896,38.115926 -121.267301,38.116001 -121.266847,38.116025 -121.265725,38.116131 -121.26505,38.116178 -121.26496,38.116179 -121.263375,38.116248 -121.261856,38.116318 -121.260666,38.116376 -121.260451,38.116386 -121.26022,38.116388 -121.259883,38.116388 -121.258629,38.116351 -121.258352,38.116337 -121.257984,38.116319 </LineString><LineString> -121.257767,38.116316 -121.257784,38.116233 -121.257994,38.116237 -121.258368,38.116245 -121.258666,38.116249 -121.259906,38.116276 -121.260219,38.116269 -121.26044,38.116265 -121.261851,38.116189 -121.263366,38.116123 -121.264997,38.116053 -121.265711,38.116004 -121.266543,38.115928 -121.267304,38.115872 -121.2696,38.115777 -121.26973,38.115771 -121.272864,38.115635 -121.273499,38.115607 -121.273631,38.1156 -121.274975,38.11553 -121.275964,38.115502 -121.276047,38.115497 -121.277223,38.115427 -121.278004,38.115398 -121.278846,38.115375 -121.279018,38.11537 -121.282913,38.115371 -121.283018,38.115364 -121.285685,38.115383 -121.285759,38.115373 -121.288041,38.11539 -121.288203,38.115392 -121.289274,38.115389 -121.29028,38.115386 -121.290864,38.115385 -121.293445,38.115378 -121.294622,38.115385 -121.296766,38.115412 -121.296886,38.115414 -121.299419,38.115398 -121.300026,38.115395 -121.300089,38.115395 -121.301072,38.115404 -121.302906,38.115427 -121.305544,38.115402 -121.306397,38.115414 -121.306609,38.115419 -121.30892,38.115451 -121.309461,38.11541 -121.310139,38.115412 -121.311941,38.115416 -121.312141,38.115417 -121.313281,38.115413 -121.313694,38.115423 -121.315663,38.115467 -121.315931,38.11547 -121.318139,38.115492 -121.325306,38.115507 -121.327139,38.115493 -121.334058,38.115541 -121.343863,38.115644 -121.345609,38.115654 -121.347223,38.115667 -121.347859,38.115673 -121.350277,38.115693 -121.352428,38.115727 -121.353581,38.115755 -121.354168,38.115756 -121.355768,38.115787 -121.357919,38.115845 -121.35928,38.115863 -121.359348,38.115864 -121.363983,38.115975 -121.366105,38.115999 -121.367163,38.116024 -121.36803,38.116055 -121.370631,38.116109 -121.38172,38.116137 -121.385979,38.116143 -121.387265,38.116146 -121.388565,38.11612 -121.388806,38.116134 -121.390111,38.116101 -121.391272,38.116048 -121.392402,38.115965 -121.392754,38.115946 -121.392957,38.115937 -121.393551,38.115929 -121.394999,38.115924 -121.395505,38.115924 -121.3961,38.115928 -121.397039,38.11593 -121.397551,38.115941 -121.397669,38.115945 -121.398044,38.115945 -121.400246,38.115932 -121.404055,38.115918 -121.40476,38.115918 -121.405663,38.11593 -121.406255,38.115956 -121.407478,38.116038 -121.408116,38.116069 -121.410018,38.116063 -121.412188,38.116081 -121.413146,38.116082 -121.419256,38.116058 -121.4216,38.116053 -121.422561,38.116058 -121.425726,38.11605 -121.426366,38.11603 -121.426925,38.11599 -121.427265,38.115944 -121.427989,38.115824 -121.429497,38.115534 -121.429984,38.115462 -121.430786,38.115388 -121.431061,38.115373 -121.431203,38.115366 -121.433363,38.115363 -121.437175,38.115371 -121.44197,38.115374 -121.442433,38.115357 -121.445871,38.115366 -121.446464,38.115367 -121.448371,38.115372 -121.451623,38.115376 -121.452276,38.115367 -121.454205,38.115374 -121.456295,38.115371 -121.459093,38.115339 -121.465929,38.11534 -121.468293,38.115347 -121.472342,38.115351 -121.473414,38.115355 -121.483063,38.115374 -121.483817,38.115375 -121.484528,38.115372 -121.48488,38.11536 -121.485292,38.115364 -121.485653,38.115357 -121.486072,38.115359 -121.486839,38.11536 -121.487912,38.115389 -121.489573,38.115386 -121.490528,38.11537 -121.491922,38.11534 -121.492438,38.115322 -121.494091,38.115252 -121.494988,38.115203 -121.495575,38.115159 -121.496959,38.115056 -121.497053,38.115049 -121.498279,38.11496 -121.49888,38.114917 -121.499714,38.114831 -121.500325,38.114743 -121.503408,38.114178 -121.504834,38.113949 -121.505236,38.113915 -121.50789,38.113859 -121.508971,38.113848 -121.509792,38.11378 -121.509965,38.113732 -121.511854,38.113704 -121.514987,38.113638 -121.517842,38.113602 -121.518594,38.113597 -121.522387,38.113522 -121.52439,38.113523 -121.524627,38.113574 </LineString><LineString> -121.257984,38.116319 -121.257628,38.117995 -121.257551,38.118442 -121.257465,38.119169 -121.257451,38.119372 -121.257367,38.120807 -121.257363,38.120876 -121.257431,38.123622 -121.257429,38.12469 -121.257448,38.125564 -121.257456,38.125939 -121.257521,38.130732 -121.257524,38.130966 -121.257519,38.13104 -121.257595,38.134001 -121.257604,38.134053 -121.257612,38.135533 -121.257641,38.136246 -121.25768,38.136595 -121.257742,38.137029 -121.257808,38.137285 -121.25785,38.137463 </LineString><LineString> -121.257767,38.116316 -121.257984,38.116319 </LineString><LineString> -121.25785,38.137463 -121.257592,38.137483 </LineString><LineString> -121.25785,38.137463 -121.258349,38.137415 -121.258659,38.137375 -121.258796,38.137362 -121.259063,38.13734 -121.259553,38.137324 -121.260761,38.137228 -121.260903,38.137269 -121.260764,38.137311 -121.260534,38.137319 -121.259558,38.137396 -121.258746,38.137464 -121.257869,38.137543 -121.257609,38.137559 -121.25669,38.137615 -121.256054,38.137629 -121.252769,38.137655 -121.252599,38.137657 -121.252508,38.137657 -121.252319,38.137659 -121.24843,38.137681 -121.247956,38.137697 -121.247162,38.137688 -121.243225,38.1377 -121.241317,38.137723 -121.238714,38.137733 -121.23334,38.137767 -121.231636,38.137791 -121.227965,38.137828 -121.215357,38.137916 -121.210742,38.137935 -121.207267,38.137964 -121.20606,38.137967 -121.205986,38.137934 </LineString><LineString> -121.257767,38.116316 -121.257609,38.116932 -121.257459,38.117607 -121.257374,38.118124 -121.25732,38.118383 -121.257281,38.118721 -121.257164,38.120092 -121.257185,38.120586 -121.257188,38.120803 -121.25726,38.125563 -121.257307,38.128658 -121.257312,38.130728 -121.257304,38.130959 -121.257304,38.131031 -121.257352,38.134 -121.257356,38.134414 -121.25737,38.135596 -121.257399,38.136243 -121.257518,38.137116 -121.257573,38.137389 -121.257592,38.137483 </LineString><LineString> -121.257592,38.137483 -121.257081,38.137524 -121.256729,38.137542 -121.256634,38.137547 -121.256386,38.137558 -121.256055,38.137566 -121.252553,38.137591 -121.250147,38.137591 -121.248429,38.137609 -121.247958,38.13763 -121.247161,38.137616 -121.245836,38.13763 -121.243226,38.137629 -121.241311,38.137651 -121.238712,38.137661 -121.233339,38.137695 -121.231722,38.137728 -121.227976,38.137756 -121.22209,38.137796 -121.215322,38.137844 -121.21074,38.137865 -121.207266,38.137892 -121.206057,38.137887 -121.205986,38.137934 </LineString><LineString> -121.205986,38.137934 -121.205121,38.137957 -121.198885,38.137998 -121.196834,38.138012 -121.195851,38.138021 -121.193492,38.138021 -121.192233,38.138031 -121.187684,38.138037 -121.186898,38.13804 -121.180963,38.138067 -121.180287,38.138077 -121.178369,38.138061 -121.176148,38.138058 -121.175439,38.138063 -121.17376,38.138063 -121.173661,38.138064 -121.172683,38.138066 -121.169744,38.138079 -121.1691,38.138082 -121.166049,38.138082 -121.165583,38.138115 -121.165198,38.138173 -121.164411,38.138358 -121.163663,38.13864 -121.163288,38.138832 -121.162942,38.139038 -121.162621,38.139272 -121.162235,38.139618 -121.162021,38.139844 -121.16185,38.140053 -121.161629,38.140347 </LineString><LineString> -121.161629,38.140347 -121.161505,38.140458 </LineString><LineString> -121.09235,38.188737 -121.092461,38.188725 -121.092996,38.188414 -121.093496,38.188107 -121.09513,38.187208 -121.095667,38.186922 -121.096556,38.186477 -121.09688,38.18632 -121.097497,38.186028 -121.0982,38.185718 -121.099631,38.185108 -121.100891,38.184562 -121.101716,38.184207 -121.102531,38.183855 -121.104872,38.182867 -121.109136,38.18104 -121.110449,38.180488 -121.110827,38.180327 -121.112528,38.179602 -121.113536,38.179175 -121.115099,38.178512 -121.116347,38.177973 -121.119713,38.176531 -121.123223,38.175042 -121.12712,38.173379 -121.129605,38.172314 -121.132284,38.171175 -121.132535,38.171075 -121.133039,38.170873 -121.134251,38.170442 -121.13608,38.169872 -121.137226,38.169556 -121.137948,38.16937 -121.13961,38.168955 -121.139746,38.16892 -121.141194,38.168559 -121.142598,38.168208 -121.142906,38.168101 -121.143358,38.167932 -121.143664,38.167793 -121.143978,38.167627 -121.144319,38.167429 -121.145218,38.166826 -121.146908,38.165677 -121.147361,38.165378 -121.148265,38.164739 -121.14918,38.164086 -121.150109,38.163438 -121.151058,38.16276 -121.151803,38.162213 -121.151965,38.162075 -121.152043,38.162014 -121.1522,38.161849 -121.152229,38.161812 -121.152323,38.161689 -121.152363,38.161616 -121.152556,38.16126 -121.153181,38.159923 -121.153329,38.159605 -121.153416,38.159412 -121.153442,38.159355 -121.154085,38.158022 -121.154418,38.157288 -121.154842,38.156398 -121.155761,38.154264 -121.156569,38.15228 -121.156713,38.151899 -121.156966,38.151294 -121.158791,38.146935 -121.159746,38.144753 -121.161629,38.140347 </LineString><LineString> -121.161629,38.140347 -121.162361,38.138763 -121.162333,38.138691 -121.162252,38.138748 -121.161505,38.140458 </LineString><LineString> -121.161505,38.140458 -121.159619,38.14474 -121.159613,38.144755 -121.158664,38.146933 -121.158012,38.148489 -121.156847,38.15129 -121.156523,38.152073 -121.156425,38.152278 -121.155901,38.153635 -121.15512,38.15547 -121.154725,38.156374 -121.154486,38.156893 -121.154317,38.157264 -121.154167,38.1576 -121.153299,38.159477 -121.153207,38.159675 -121.153064,38.159998 -121.152485,38.161237 -121.152376,38.161447 -121.152251,38.161647 -121.152066,38.161879 -121.151914,38.16203 -121.150989,38.162704 -121.150021,38.16336 -121.149104,38.164017 -121.148185,38.16467 -121.14729,38.165309 -121.145139,38.166753 -121.144438,38.167233 -121.144203,38.167382 -121.143906,38.167553 -121.143318,38.167842 -121.142876,38.168024 -121.142288,38.168208 -121.141352,38.16845 -121.137919,38.169302 -121.137202,38.169488 -121.135496,38.169975 -121.134222,38.170378 -121.133013,38.170805 -121.132249,38.171105 -121.132218,38.171117 -121.127563,38.17312 -121.127092,38.173315 -121.126012,38.17378 -121.120497,38.17612 -121.119696,38.176461 -121.116313,38.177901 -121.115091,38.178426 -121.113555,38.179081 -121.110823,38.180246 -121.110453,38.180404 -121.109114,38.180967 -121.10544,38.182543 -121.103554,38.183347 -121.10251,38.183784 -121.100867,38.184494 -121.098167,38.185636 -121.097464,38.185946 -121.096817,38.186244 -121.095825,38.186738 -121.095064,38.187134 -121.093818,38.187822 -121.092393,38.188644 -121.09235,38.188737 </LineString><LineString> -121.09235,38.188737 -121.091025,38.189507 -121.090448,38.18985 -121.089958,38.190111 -121.089849,38.190165 -121.089756,38.190211 -121.089279,38.190406 -121.088984,38.190506 -121.088756,38.190574 -121.087754,38.190865 -121.087631,38.190901 -121.086246,38.191289 -121.085262,38.191576 -121.083928,38.191983 -121.08012,38.193124 -121.078417,38.193643 -121.077442,38.193977 -121.074308,38.195015 -121.073788,38.195217 -121.073126,38.195506 -121.070829,38.196601 -121.069216,38.197352 -121.068545,38.197672 -121.068349,38.197757 -121.068151,38.19783 -121.067615,38.197988 -121.066768,38.198179 -121.065174,38.198499 -121.064378,38.198672 -121.063563,38.198873 -121.062689,38.199118 -121.061751,38.199394 -121.061305,38.199544 -121.058325,38.200529 -121.057456,38.200808 -121.056465,38.201102 -121.055969,38.20122 -121.055643,38.201286 -121.055085,38.201373 -121.054444,38.201433 -121.054023,38.201447 -121.053566,38.201449 -121.052917,38.201422 -121.050745,38.201279 -121.048501,38.201127 -121.047198,38.201057 -121.046187,38.201026 -121.043732,38.201081 -121.039097,38.20118 -121.037162,38.201225 -121.036237,38.201251 -121.03488,38.201277 -121.034187,38.201315 -121.03353,38.201376 -121.029441,38.201925 -121.029032,38.201979 -121.022479,38.202872 -121.020816,38.20309 -121.020483,38.203122 -121.019133,38.203197 -121.018773,38.20321 -121.016069,38.203244 -121.015157,38.203235 -121.01376,38.20325 -121.010303,38.203263 -121.01002,38.203253 -121.00931,38.203186 -121.008887,38.203118 -121.007454,38.202858 -121.006797,38.202765 -121.006255,38.202719 -121.005634,38.202696 -121.00528,38.202698 -121.004908,38.202712 -121.004432,38.202756 -121.003612,38.202887 -121.002346,38.203115 -121.001244,38.203303 -121.00041,38.203454 -121.000353,38.203464 -120.997725,38.203911 -120.99645,38.204118 -120.992389,38.204803 -120.991884,38.204866 -120.991429,38.204891 -120.990882,38.204902 -120.988702,38.204851 -120.98781,38.204833 -120.987482,38.204815 -120.986446,38.204647 -120.986416,38.204639 -120.986224,38.20458 -120.986025,38.204511 -120.985979,38.204493 -120.985819,38.204432 -120.985611,38.204342 -120.985405,38.204243 -120.985201,38.204134 -120.985004,38.204017 -120.984813,38.203894 -120.984631,38.203764 -120.984459,38.203628 -120.984293,38.203486 -120.984137,38.20334 -120.98399,38.203188 -120.983852,38.203032 -120.983725,38.202871 -120.983608,38.202705 -120.983496,38.202536 -120.98339,38.202364 -120.983186,38.202014 -120.980608,38.197692 -120.979512,38.195844 -120.979294,38.195477 -120.97914,38.195227 -120.979105,38.19517 -120.978982,38.195009 -120.978889,38.194917 -120.978832,38.19486 -120.978656,38.194724 -120.97846,38.194602 -120.978256,38.194487 -120.978048,38.194377 -120.977772,38.194219 -120.977448,38.194034 -120.97724,38.193922 -120.976051,38.193251 -120.975848,38.193143 -120.975223,38.192787 -120.97502,38.19268 -120.974814,38.192565 -120.974616,38.192448 -120.974479,38.192373 -120.974402,38.192331 -120.9738,38.191989 -120.973609,38.191869 -120.973426,38.191742 -120.97325,38.191605 -120.97309,38.191457 -120.972952,38.191296 -120.972818,38.191125 -120.972705,38.190944 -120.972678,38.190884 -120.972617,38.190744 -120.97256,38.190554 -120.972517,38.19035 -120.972488,38.190145 -120.972474,38.189937 -120.972458,38.18951 -120.972458,38.189488 -120.972465,38.187731 -120.972452,38.187509 -120.972432,38.187285 -120.972405,38.187062 -120.972353,38.186841 -120.972207,38.186402 -120.972114,38.186187 -120.971999,38.185959 -120.971891,38.185767 -120.971761,38.185568 -120.97161,38.185373 -120.97146,38.185188 -120.971299,38.185011 -120.971128,38.184841 -120.970948,38.184677 -120.97076,38.184519 -120.970563,38.184369 -120.970358,38.184226 -120.970145,38.184091 -120.969926,38.183966 -120.969699,38.183847 -120.969466,38.183738 -120.969229,38.183636 -120.968745,38.183444 -120.968255,38.183256 -120.967998,38.183157 -120.966868,38.182706 -120.965603,38.1822 -120.964845,38.181897 -120.96478,38.18187 -120.9644,38.181714 -120.963801,38.181467 -120.963026,38.181136 -120.961963,38.180716 -120.959722,38.179841 -120.959553,38.179775 -120.959331,38.179692 -120.955959,38.178371 -120.955697,38.178279 -120.955432,38.178191 -120.955164,38.17811 -120.954893,38.178036 -120.954621,38.177969 -120.954349,38.177907 -120.953807,38.177799 -120.953251,38.177712 -120.952964,38.177677 -120.952676,38.177649 -120.952388,38.177628 -120.952102,38.177612 -120.951534,38.1776 -120.950378,38.177613 -120.947107,38.177634 -120.944901,38.17765 -120.944767,38.177651 -120.944238,38.177666 -120.943584,38.177685 -120.94243,38.177719 -120.9418,38.177737 -120.940909,38.177769 -120.940348,38.177786 -120.939741,38.177805 -120.939173,38.177829 -120.935611,38.177967 -120.935087,38.177987 -120.934824,38.177997 -120.933777,38.178038 -120.932744,38.178077 -120.932425,38.17809 -120.932031,38.178105 -120.930726,38.178154 -120.926711,38.178301 -120.926415,38.178307 -120.92576,38.178311 -120.923848,38.178327 -120.923059,38.178344 -120.922765,38.178361 -120.92219,38.178406 -120.921905,38.178435 -120.921327,38.178502 -120.920743,38.17858 -120.920157,38.178671 -120.917957,38.179057 -120.915303,38.179514 -120.914468,38.179649 -120.910968,38.180254 -120.910679,38.180301 -120.9101,38.180407 -120.909525,38.180525 -120.908834,38.180689 -120.90753,38.180993 -120.906121,38.181332 -120.905557,38.181463 -120.905279,38.181533 -120.904999,38.181596 -120.904232,38.181782 -120.903364,38.181992 -120.902821,38.182132 -120.902286,38.182298 -120.902024,38.182392 -120.901762,38.182481 -120.901235,38.182634 -120.900704,38.182773 -120.899762,38.182991 -120.899634,38.183021 -120.899368,38.183075 -120.899104,38.183119 -120.898844,38.183156 -120.89859,38.183186 -120.898098,38.183231 -120.897863,38.183244 -120.897635,38.183243 -120.897409,38.183233 -120.897183,38.183214 -120.896962,38.183191 -120.896509,38.18313 -120.895919,38.183034 -120.894875,38.182865 -120.89441,38.182796 -120.894178,38.182769 -120.893944,38.182755 -120.893709,38.182755 -120.893476,38.182773 -120.893245,38.182805 -120.893018,38.182852 -120.892793,38.182912 -120.892573,38.182984 -120.892132,38.183142 -120.891684,38.183291 -120.891458,38.183359 -120.891232,38.18342 -120.891005,38.183469 -120.890775,38.183505 -120.890548,38.183532 -120.890413,38.183541 -120.890097,38.183555 -120.889872,38.183555 -120.889643,38.183547 -120.887589,38.183414 -120.887363,38.1834 -120.88669,38.183356 -120.885976,38.18331 -120.885719,38.1833 -120.885462,38.183299 -120.885205,38.183309 -120.884947,38.183332 -120.884687,38.183362 -120.882855,38.183637 -120.882318,38.18371 -120.881526,38.1838 -120.880738,38.183867 -120.880456,38.183883 -120.87991,38.183907 -120.877998,38.183948 -120.876226,38.183992 -120.875344,38.184028 -120.874742,38.184061 -120.874148,38.184104 -120.872965,38.184216 -120.872436,38.184278 -120.872193,38.184308 -120.87201,38.18433 -120.871476,38.184398 -120.870795,38.1845 -120.8706,38.184529 -120.870023,38.184628 -120.86945,38.184735 -120.868593,38.184914 -120.867741,38.185102 -120.867464,38.185168 -120.866909,38.185301 -120.866512,38.185404 -120.8659,38.185572 -120.864763,38.1859 -120.864508,38.185967 -120.864251,38.18602 -120.863994,38.186057 -120.863738,38.18608 -120.863483,38.186092 -120.863229,38.186091 -120.862978,38.186077 -120.862731,38.186047 -120.862486,38.186004 -120.862242,38.185952 -120.860983,38.185592 -120.860719,38.185524 -120.86032,38.185442 -120.860182,38.185416 -120.859909,38.185372 -120.859354,38.185296 -120.859077,38.185252 -120.858796,38.185215 -120.858494,38.185169 -120.85795,38.185096 -120.857399,38.185032 -120.857114,38.185009 -120.856818,38.184992 -120.856532,38.18499 -120.856297,38.185005 -120.855968,38.185027 -120.85567,38.185056 -120.85538,38.185094 -120.854839,38.185179 -120.851289,38.185735 -120.850714,38.185832 -120.849897,38.185983 -120.848388,38.186262 -120.848104,38.186307 -120.847821,38.186339 -120.84754,38.186357 -120.84726,38.186363 -120.846984,38.186353 -120.846714,38.18633 -120.846448,38.186297 -120.846189,38.186252 -120.845934,38.186199 -120.845684,38.186135 -120.845442,38.186055 -120.84521,38.185955 -120.844989,38.185838 -120.844778,38.185714 -120.844576,38.185586 -120.843848,38.185103 -120.843669,38.184999 -120.843483,38.184904 -120.843289,38.184821 -120.843087,38.184753 -120.842875,38.184698 -120.842653,38.184663 -120.842161,38.184628 -120.841415,38.184595 -120.840917,38.184584 -120.840669,38.184587 -120.840421,38.184604 -120.840173,38.184636 -120.839929,38.184685 -120.839437,38.1848 -120.837211,38.18535 -120.83698,38.185419 -120.836781,38.185494 -120.836579,38.185577 -120.836379,38.185667 -120.836187,38.185771 -120.835996,38.185881 -120.833721,38.187237 -120.833574,38.187318 -120.833424,38.187394 -120.833269,38.187464 -120.833108,38.187531 -120.832939,38.187594 -120.832249,38.187835 -120.832092,38.187906 -120.83181,38.18807 -120.831682,38.188163 -120.831566,38.188264 -120.831464,38.188372 -120.831111,38.18882 -120.83036,38.189809 -120.829736,38.190633 -120.829359,38.191138 -120.829046,38.191543 -120.828877,38.191752 -120.828756,38.191889 -120.828646,38.191993 -120.828581,38.19204 -120.828566,38.192049 -120.82851,38.192081 -120.828434,38.192115 -120.828352,38.192141 -120.828175,38.192181 -120.827454,38.192316 -120.827231,38.192353 -120.826292,38.192505 -120.825833,38.192583 -120.825345,38.192678 -120.825221,38.192704 -120.823901,38.19298 -120.823509,38.193062 -120.823124,38.193133 -120.822181,38.193291 -120.822122,38.193301 -120.820759,38.19351 -120.817916,38.193944 -120.815314,38.194334 -120.814516,38.194454 -120.813635,38.19458 -120.812512,38.194751 -120.81157,38.1949 -120.811337,38.194927 -120.809954,38.195139 -120.808697,38.195325 -120.807304,38.195536 -120.806683,38.19563 -120.80533,38.195835 -120.804842,38.195914 -120.8046,38.195957 -120.803659,38.196173 -120.802779,38.196444 -120.802363,38.196598 -120.801764,38.19685 -120.801571,38.196939 -120.801383,38.197034 -120.801013,38.197233 -120.800813,38.197348 -120.800292,38.197648 -120.798294,38.199185 -120.798118,38.199309 -120.79707,38.200112 -120.796721,38.200384 -120.79638,38.200667 -120.796037,38.200933 -120.795869,38.201058 -120.79554,38.201329 -120.795431,38.201429 -120.795219,38.201622 -120.792927,38.203716 -120.792727,38.203898 -120.792559,38.204041 -120.792365,38.204213 -120.792059,38.204485 -120.79171,38.204773 -120.791353,38.205043 -120.790434,38.205708 -120.789888,38.206119 -120.789314,38.206519 -120.788012,38.207466 -120.787438,38.207873 -120.787241,38.208003 -120.787107,38.208083 -120.786835,38.208245 -120.786411,38.20845 -120.786198,38.208547 -120.785985,38.208637 -120.785556,38.208801 -120.785101,38.208931 -120.784621,38.20904 -120.784378,38.209087 -120.784133,38.209126 -120.783886,38.209159 -120.783638,38.209186 -120.783389,38.209204 -120.782888,38.209222 -120.782568,38.209219 -120.78221,38.209199 -120.781888,38.209165 -120.78164,38.209129 -120.781142,38.209044 -120.78102,38.20902 -120.78088,38.208992 -120.780634,38.208948 -120.780379,38.208894 -120.779858,38.208801 -120.779594,38.208761 -120.779068,38.208692 -120.778259,38.208612 -120.777504,38.208571 -120.776993,38.208552 -120.776741,38.20855 -120.776241,38.208556 -120.775509,38.208578 -120.774558,38.20865 -120.773628,38.208757 -120.772818,38.208882 -120.772319,38.208978 -120.772072,38.209031 -120.770638,38.209402 -120.770272,38.209521 -120.769762,38.209686 -120.769152,38.209913 -120.768594,38.210146 -120.768083,38.210375 -120.767765,38.210534 -120.766673,38.211072 -120.766524,38.211139 -120.766397,38.211207 -120.766286,38.21126 -120.766119,38.21134 -120.765716,38.211507 -120.76461,38.21184 -120.764402,38.211873 -120.763585,38.212005 -120.763459,38.212015 -120.763273,38.21203 -120.762805,38.212053 -120.761601,38.212103 -120.760665,38.212127 -120.757419,38.212221 -120.756016,38.212268 -120.755193,38.212294 -120.754995,38.2123 -120.753418,38.212352 -120.752989,38.212357 -120.752375,38.212372 -120.751466,38.212399 -120.749156,38.212465 -120.748904,38.212464 -120.748631,38.212449 -120.748409,38.212423 -120.748168,38.212385 -120.747701,38.212283 -120.747483,38.212215 -120.747271,38.212138 -120.746872,38.211957 -120.74668,38.211858 -120.746496,38.211751 -120.746321,38.211635 -120.746154,38.211512 -120.745992,38.211382 -120.745681,38.211112 -120.745507,38.21097 -120.745373,38.210849 -120.745067,38.210599 -120.744909,38.210484 -120.744582,38.210266 -120.744409,38.210163 -120.744249,38.210076 -120.744079,38.209992 -120.743727,38.209841 -120.743544,38.209772 -120.743161,38.20964 -120.742959,38.209586 -120.742544,38.209487 -120.742121,38.209405 -120.739354,38.208785 -120.738482,38.208584 -120.738059,38.208492 -120.737207,38.208293 -120.736795,38.208185 -120.736596,38.208126 -120.736402,38.208063 -120.736025,38.207928 -120.73565,38.207781 -120.734718,38.207391 -120.733578,38.206903 -120.732977,38.20663 -120.732639,38.206488 -120.73244,38.206419 -120.731688,38.206184 -120.731465,38.206124 -120.731312,38.206083 -120.730935,38.205994 -120.730764,38.205953 -120.7302,38.205842 -120.729025,38.205651 -120.728878,38.205633 -120.728577,38.205593 -120.728399,38.205561 -120.728239,38.205525 -120.728053,38.205478 -120.727881,38.205426 -120.72755,38.20531 -120.727379,38.205242 -120.72721,38.205169 -120.727044,38.205088 -120.726881,38.204998 -120.726721,38.204903 -120.726566,38.204799 -120.726415,38.204689 -120.726142,38.204469 -120.72597,38.20433 -120.725357,38.20381 -120.72319,38.202165 -120.723038,38.202056 -120.722844,38.201903 -120.722397,38.20156 -120.72206,38.201302 -120.721749,38.201079 -120.72142,38.200861 -120.721231,38.200764 -120.720899,38.200627 -120.720714,38.200561 -120.720326,38.200434 -120.720145,38.200383 -120.719942,38.200342 -120.719735,38.200309 -120.719521,38.200285 -120.719078,38.200274 -120.718852,38.200276 -120.718626,38.200288 -120.718399,38.20031 -120.718172,38.200346 -120.717945,38.20039 -120.71772,38.200443 -120.717498,38.200504 -120.71728,38.200574 -120.717067,38.200654 -120.716855,38.200741 -120.716645,38.200837 -120.716444,38.200945 -120.716246,38.201057 -120.716058,38.201176 -120.715878,38.2013 -120.715705,38.201429 -120.715542,38.201564 -120.715387,38.201704 -120.715244,38.201849 -120.715107,38.201998 -120.714977,38.202153 -120.714855,38.202314 -120.714742,38.202479 -120.714637,38.202647 -120.714545,38.202822 -120.714461,38.202999 -120.714382,38.203179 -120.714108,38.203918 -120.713956,38.204289 -120.713864,38.20447 -120.713759,38.204648 -120.713639,38.20482 -120.713507,38.204987 -120.713363,38.205147 -120.713206,38.2053 -120.713039,38.205445 -120.712862,38.205581 -120.712676,38.205708 -120.712482,38.205823 -120.712282,38.205928 -120.71208,38.206025 -120.711875,38.206113 -120.711266,38.206348 -120.710865,38.206494 -120.710685,38.20656 -120.71052,38.20663 -120.710194,38.206797 -120.710049,38.206888 -120.710022,38.206909 -120.709777,38.207103 -120.708954,38.207954 -120.708672,38.20823 -120.708524,38.208359 -120.70837,38.208481 -120.708198,38.208607 -120.708035,38.208708 -120.707863,38.208798 -120.707686,38.208878 -120.707506,38.208952 -120.707326,38.209018 -120.707145,38.209077 -120.706965,38.20913 -120.706788,38.209174 -120.706612,38.209209 -120.706438,38.209235 -120.706266,38.209255 -120.706013,38.209271 -120.705908,38.209277 -120.705721,38.209281 -120.70532,38.209262 -120.704965,38.209214 -120.704788,38.209179 -120.704462,38.209097 -120.704179,38.209007 -120.703867,38.208883 -120.703726,38.208815 -120.703531,38.208702 -120.702509,38.208067 -120.701966,38.207724 -120.701305,38.207323 -120.700932,38.207125 -120.700729,38.20703 -120.700565,38.206961 -120.700169,38.206808 -120.699558,38.206581 -120.699373,38.2065 -120.699192,38.20641 -120.699013,38.206313 -120.698837,38.206208 -120.69868,38.206106 -120.69852,38.205987 -120.69837,38.205865 -120.698225,38.205738 -120.697974,38.205497 -120.697802,38.205319 -120.697364,38.204849 </LineString></MultiGeometry> </Placemark> </Document> | WIKI |
Himalayas climbers' final moments shown in recovered GoPro video
(CNN)Indian authorities have released footage showing the final moments of the climbers who died in the Indian Himalayas in May. The video was found on a "memory video device" near the Nanda Devi East, the Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) said Monday, which showed the group of climbers moving slowly near the summit on the unnamed peak. The group of eight climbers -- four Britons, two Americans, an Australian and their Indian liaison officer -- went missing when they were attempting to scale a previously unclimbed peak on May 26. Seven bodies were recovered by rescue teams a month later on June 23. They are believed to have been struck by an avalanche. Indian authorities previously said the group did not have permission to climb the unnamed peak and that even if they had asked, Pithoragarh District Magistrate Vijay Kumar Jogdande told CNN, authorities "would not have given permission." British mountain expert Martin Moran was identified as the leader of the group. Jogdande said the eight climbers were part of a larger team of 12, who had a permit to summit Nanda Devi East. Four of the climbers of the larger team went to climb Nanda Devi East and returned to base camp. Jogdande previously told CNN that after the eight climbers failed to return to base camp on May 26, authorities were alerted on May 31. Five of the climbers' bodies were spotted by a search team in early June, when they appeared to be partially buried in the snow from an avalanche in different locations. Jogdande said at that time that the "chances of survival are almost zero now." CNN has reached out to Moran's mountaineering organization, Moran Mountain, for comment. CNN's Kay Guerrero, Swati Gupta and Helen Regan contributed to this report. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Lost Weekend (EP)
Lost Weekend is an EP by The Clientele. The EP was first issued in 2002 on Acuarela Records.
Track listing
* 1) "North School Drive" - 2:24
* 2) "Boring Postcard" - 1:09
* 3) "Emptily Through Holloway" - 5:57
* 4) "Kelvin Parade" - 4:07
* 5) "Last Orders" - 6:35 | WIKI |
3 Beaten-Down Stocks Ready to Bounce Back
With the stock market still near all-time highs, it might feel like there's not a stock worth buying. This is where your best bet may be to look past the traditional valuation metrics and find opportunities the rest of the market is beating up.
Our contributors have identified three stocks -- Under Armour Inc (NYSE: UAA) (NYSE: UA) , Rite Aid Corporation (NYSE: RAD) , and Core Laboratories N.V. (NYSE: CLB) , -- that share two traits: They've all been beaten down pretty badly over the past couple of years, and we also think they're ready to bounce back. And while traditional metrics don't make these stocks cheap -- even after all of the beating -- opportunistic and patient investors could do very well with these companies.
Keep reading to learn why these three stocks are primed to bounce back from the market's rough treatment.
Under Armour stumbles, but its long-term story is intact
Seth McNew (Under Armour Inc): Shares of Under Armour took a serious beating after each of its last two quarterly releases as sales growth slowed and the investments made that were supposed to be leading to continued high growth left earnings looking weak. Analysts hammered the company for missteps with product launches and CEO Kevin Plank's political comments -- which were very publicly denounced by the brand's own top sponsored athletes -- and the stock has been cut in half in the last year.
Still, Under Armour's long-term growth story looks intact. The company gets only about 15% of sales from international markets, but that grew 63% in 2016, year over year, and Under Armour continues to push in important markets like China, where the brand seems to be gaining a lot of traction thanks to the local affinity for the NBA and Under Armour ambassador Steph Curry. In the U.S., Under Armour has struggled in 2016 because of Sports Authority filing bankruptcy, but the company is diversifying among retailers, such as Kohl's , which just started selling Under Armour gear this spring as well as focusing on e-commerce and direct to consumer channels.
Then there's the much longer-term initiatives, like Under Armour's investments in manufacturing technology and the announced deal to outfit the MLB starting in 2020, which could provide new paths to sustained growth in the years ahead. Under Armour certainly has challenges ahead of it, but the company seems to be doing the right things to reignite its brand. Meanwhile, the stock is trading at just 1.7 times sales, a low valuation for this young brand that looks to have plenty of room to run.
There's a clear catalyst that could drive a huge pop in these shares
Chuck Saletta (Rite Aid Corporation): The troubled drugstore chain keeps finding itself hanging around 52-week low lists. That's not where you'd ordinarily expect to see a company with a buyout offer waiting for it, but it's exactly where Rite Aid is today.
Rival drugstore titan Walgreens Boots Alliance has agreed to buy Rite Aid for between $6.50 and $7.00 per share. That buyout offer makes Rite Aid's recent market price of $4.25 an incredible bargain -- as long as the merger really goes through. With a decision on the merger expected within the next three months or so, that's a 50% to 65% potential pop in a matter of months.
The steep discount to the buyout price reflects the risk that the deal won't be approved. The buyout price was already lowered from $9.00 to that $6.50 to $7.00 range in part because of regulatory concerns prompting the sell-off of more stores than originally anticipated, so there is risk the deal could be denied. If the deal does get completely denied, Rite Aid's shares could have even more room to fall. As a stand-alone, Rite Aid is barely profitable and is trading at nearly seven times its book value.
The deal has been out in the public since October 2015, and the fact that we're nearly eighteen months since the announcement without a clear answer on approval simply adds to the uncertainty. The one thing that's absolutely clear, though, is that if the deal is approved on terms anywhere near the current arrangement, Rite Aid's shares have plenty of room to bounce from current prices.
The most-connected company in oil says the recovery is coming
Jason Hall (Core Laboratories N.V.): While Core Lab isn't a household name for the uninitiated, you can rest assured there's not a single oil or gas producer on earth that's not familiar with the company. This is because Core Lab's business is helping producers get the most oil and gas out of the ground for the lowest cost. And the company is very, very good at what it does.
While that hasn't made Core Lab immune from the oil downturn -- its shares are down more than 40% over the past three years -- it has helped the company remain profitable through even the worst of the current oil cycle.
CLB EPS Diluted (TTM) data by YCharts .
The company's business model has also helped. Core isn't a traditional "picks and shovels" company, relying on its proprietary technology to analyze and provide data producers can use to improve production. This means it has a more advantaged cost structure that makes it easier to ride out downturns while being incredibly well-positioned for the recovery.
And Core has already started seeing a recovery. The company has reported sequential improvements in both revenue and profits for two quarters now. Furthermore, CEO David Demshur said on the earnings call that global oil markets have actually been undersupplied in recent months, a move that will go a long way toward reestablishing supply and demand.
This will drive more oil production, which will mean more business (and profits) for Core. That's a great recipe for a bounce-back for shareholders.
10 stocks we like better than Core Laboratories
When investing geniuses David and Tom Gardner have a stock tip, it can pay to listen. After all, the newsletter they have run for over a decade, Motley Fool Stock Advisor , has tripled the market.*
David and Tom just revealed what they believe are the 10 best stocks for investors to buy right now...and Core Laboratories wasn't one of them! That's right -- they think these 10 stocks are even better buys.
Click here to learn about these picks!
*Stock Advisor returns as of April 3, 2017.
Chuck Saletta has no position in any stocks mentioned. Jason Hall owns shares of Core Laboratories and Under Armour (A and C shares). Seth McNew owns shares of Under Armour (A and C shares). The Motley Fool owns shares of and recommends Core Laboratories and Under Armour (A and C shares). The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy .
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
mercredi 10 mai 2017
PhD/GTA positon available: Impact of Cat Predation
In the College of Life and Natural Sciences, Department of Natural Sciences, University of Derby, we are looking for an interested, highly motivated postgraduate student for a General Teaching Assistantship (GTA) position (leading to a PhD) in Biosciences, who enjoys independent research. An interest in biodiversity conservation is a key requirement, and a background in two or more of the following would be useful: animal behaviour, small mammal trapping and surveying, small bird surveying, diet identification from faecal samples, general behaviour and ecology of domestic cats, and ecological consultancy. The project is for 3 years, and starts in September 2017. Applicants fulfilling the essential qualifications specified in the Personal Specifications are eligible. Funding will cover tuition fees at Home/EU level and pay a stipend of £14,553 for 3 years only. If your application is successful and you are assessed as Overseas for fees purposes, you will need to pay the difference between the Home/EU fees and the Overseas fees.
Project title: Impact of Domestic Cats (Felis silvestris catus) on British Wildlife
Predation by feral domestic animals can have a devastating effect on native fauna, especially on small island populations. For larger ecosystems, however, evidence for whether predation is mainly additive or compensatory is lacking. There is a large population of feral or free-ranging pet cats, with approximately 10 Million owned cats in Great Britain. Claims that cats are partly responsible for the decline of song-bird populations in Britain are based on the fact that free-roaming cats will kill birds and small mammals, even if fed by humans. However, whether estimated predation rates really affect populations has rarely been studied. The sole reliance on questionnaire surveys of cat owners is part of the problem of assessing the domestic cats' impact on wildlife. Only very recently has technology advanced to a state where cats can be fitted with light video-cameras that allow assessing the behaviour from the cats' points of view.
Based on this background, we are offering a fully funded GTA/PhD position to assess the true impact of cat predation on wildlife. The candidate would be using a combination of various techniques, including wildlife surveys, diet analyses, estimating predation rates using questionnaires, cameras and diet analyses, and home-range analyses. The candidate would also be expected to contribute to the delivery of the curricula relating to a range of undergraduate programmes of study within the Department of Natural Sciences.
Location: Bioscience discipline, College of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Derby
Funding: Funding will cover tuition fees at Home/EU level and pay a stipend of £14,553 for 3 years only.
Responsible to: Dr. Maren Huck, Lecturer in Animal Behavioural Ecology, and Dr. Gill Knight, Head of Bioscience
Entry Requirements: Candidates must have a first or upper second class honours degree in a zoology or biology-related subject. A higher postgraduate degree is desirable. Experience with at least one of small mammal trapping, bird surveys, and diet identification from faecal samples are desirable – for further information please refer to the person specification.
For informal enquiries please contact Dr. Maren Huck via e-mail (m.huck@derby.ac.uk) or on 01332 592354.
How to apply: Complete applications should be forwarded to Stuart Wain at researchoffice@derby.ac.uk, quoting reference number L&NS_Cats_PGTA_0517
For details of how to apply, please see:
www.derby.ac.uk/research/degrees/apply
Closing date: 25th of June 2017, midnight
Proposed date of interview: 19th of July 2017
The official advert for the position can be accessed through: | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/320540
Type: Artigo de Periódico
Title: Au1-xcux Colloidal Nanoparticles Synthesized Via A One-pot Approach: Understanding The Temperature Effect On The Au : Cu Ratio
Author: Destro
P; Colombo
M; Prato
M; Brescia
R; Manna
L; Zanchet
D
Abstract: Gold-copper nanoparticles (Au1-xCux NPs) have been reported as a versatile system to study various aspects related to the colloidal synthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles. In this work, Au1-xCux NPs are synthesized via a one pot approach using equimolar amounts of Au and Cu. Different compositions are obtained by changing the reaction temperature. By taking aliquots at crucial stages of the synthesis and combining several techniques, such as elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, it was possible to shed light on the synthesis mechanism: the formation of Au NPs occurs at low temperature, then the higher the synthesis temperature the higher the Cu content in the NPs. In parallel to the Au NPs formation, results of energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses carried out in scanning transmission electron microscopy mode suggest the formation of a Cu-rich phase at the early stages of the synthesis. Such a phase, not detectable by X-ray diffraction, acts as a reservoir of Cu species that are slowly released to form the Au1-xCux alloy NPs through a digestive ripening-like process. The reaction temperature and annealing time affect the final Au : Cu ratio but had no significant effect on the final size of the particles, which for all compositions is approximately 14 nm.
Subject: Alloy Nanoparticles
Bimetallic Nanoparticles
Copper
Metal
Nanocrystals
Nanotubes
Catalysis
Silver
Size
Editor: ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
Citation: Rsc Advances. ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY, n. 6, n. 27, p. 22213 - 22221.
Rights: fechado
Identifier DOI: 10.1039/c6ra02027e
Address: http://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2016/RA/c6ra02027e#!divAbstract
Date Issue: 2016
Appears in Collections:Unicamp - Artigos e Outros Documentos
Files in This Item:
File SizeFormat
000371716300002.pdf2.19 MBAdobe PDFView/Open
Items in DSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Krýsuvík (volcanic system)
The volcanic system of Krýsuvík (or Krísuvík, both pronounced in Icelandic, also Trölladyngja-Krýsuvík or Krýsuvík-Trölladyngja volcanic system), is situated in the south–west of Iceland on the Reykjanes peninsula. It is located in the middle of Reykjanes and on the divergent plate boundary of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge which traverses Iceland. It was named after the Krýsuvík area which is part of it and consists of a fissure system without a central volcano. However, there are some indications—namely, the discovery by geophysical methods of what scientists interpret as a buried caldera, combined with the well-known, vigorous hydrothermal system above it—that an embryonic central magma chamber may already exist or be actively developing.
The volcanic system has a length of 55 km, a width of around 13 km, covers an area of 350 km2, and its highest elevation is 393 m. It is one of 4 (or up to 7, depending on the source) volcanic systems situated within the Reykjanes Volcanic Belt. The volcanic systems are arranged en echelon and at an angle that varies from 20–45° to the direction of the rift zone on the divergent plate boundary traversing Reykjanes.
General characteristics
The volcanic system of Krýsuvík has no central volcanic edifice, but rather a fissure swarm that is 50 km long, is composed of a mixture of volcanic and tectonic fissures and faults, of which 30 km are volcanic fissures. Recent geophysical work on the system, employing magnetotelluric resistivity sampling and modeling, indicates the presence of a buried caldera with possibly an embryonic central magma chamber beneath the system. This suggests that it could eventually develop into a central volcano like the similar, but more mature Hengill volcanic system farther to the east on the peninsula. There are no known submarine fissures of the system which nevertheless reaches from the south coast in direction south–west to north–east over the Reykjanes Peninsula. The northernmost fissures are thought to reach Lake Rauðavatn on the outskirts of Reykjavík. There are no ice-covered volcanoes connected to the Krýsuvík system, but Lake Kleifarvatn lies within the system and geothermal activity is found at the lake bottom.
The Krýsuvík volcanic system has a tendency to effusive basaltic fissure eruptions; the last eruption took place in the 14th century. The Fagradalsfjall fissure swarm that erupted in 2021 was initially considered potentially a branch or a secondary part of the Krýsuvík volcanic system, but it is now usually considered a separate volcanic system. The eruption products of the Krýsuvík system consist exclusively of basalt.
Eruptions
The volcanic system is centered on the divergent plate boundary on Reykjanes peninsula. It it is easier there for magma to reach the surface, because of the multitude of tectonic and volcanic faults and fissures in such regions. There have been at least 10 volcanic episodes within the volcanic system in the last 8,000 years. These episodes each comprised many single eruptions and were most probably connected to rifting.
Some Holocene eruptions have been dated specifically, especially the eruption that produced Búrfellshraun (ca. 5290 BP). Since the time of settlement in Iceland, which is thought to have been in the 9th century, more eruptions have taken place within the system, all of them in the Middle Ages.
The Krýsuvík fires were a period of volcanic activity which started in the middle of the 12th century, probably in 1151 and written sources indicate that they ended in 1188. The activity of Pleistocene shield volcanoes such as Þráinskjöldur and Hrútagjá, as well as of tuyas like Fagradalsfjall within the volcanic system, are seen as separate from the fissure system, although the bigger volcanoes control parts of the topography.
The Krýsuvík system has a tendency to phreatic explosions, often within rifting episodes or during eruption series. The underground of Reykjanes peninsula is soaked with water as it has a high groundwater level as well as saline sea water in its cave systems. There is a prehistoric maar complex around Grænavatn at Krýsuvík which has its origin in phreatic explosions connected to a period of effusive eruptions. There an explosion connected to geothermal activity of an old borehole in 1999 at Seltún.
Starting on 27 September 2021, an intense earthquake swarm began that was concentrated around the Keilir region with over 1000 earthquakes with a magnitude 4.2 event on 2 October. The earthquakes sparked concern that a second eruption could begin in the area but it was not known definitely what was causing the swarm. During the overnight hours of 10 October 2021, a strong M3.2 earthquake occurred 2 km SSW of Keilier.
List of lava fields
These are some lava fields which originated in eruptions of the Krýsuvík volcanic system since the end of the last glacial spell 13,000 years ago.
Búrfellshraun
Around 8,000 years ago, the Búrfell crater near Hafnarfjörður produced a 18 km2 lava field called Búrfellshraun. Today, a big part of midtown Hafnarfjörður is built onto and around Búrfellshraun. The crater contains a lava channel called Búrfellsgjá.
Óbrinnishólabruni
The Óbrinnishólabruni lavas came 2,000 years ago from some craters near Bláfjallavegur (Road 407) which have since been destroyed by quarrying. The name Óbrinnishólar means that there was no “fire” in them during further eruptions in the region in historical time. Parts of Hafnarfjörður (midtown and Vallahverfi ) are located on top of this lava field.
Kapelluhraun
The lavas of Kapelluhraun (, "chapel lava") from historical time (erupted around 1150) have been given this name because of a medieval chapel whose ruins are still standing on them. A small statue of Saint Barbara was found at the place. The Kapelluhraun lava field consists of pāhoehoe and aā lava which streamed from the highland down to the bay of Straumsvík near today’s aluminium smelter and there into the sea. The events were part of a ca. 30 years long unrest period in the late 12th century which is called Krýsuvík Fires. This unrest period included repeated eruption series and rifting episodes and is recorded in Flateyjarbók.
The eruption fissures had a length of 10 km and 6.5 km respectively, and the lava flows cover around 36 km2. Today it is a golf course is situated in the middle of these lavas, seen when looking from Route 41 between Straumsvík and Hafnarfjörður in direction of Faxaflói.
Landforms
The Seltún geothermal area is situated next to Krýsuvík in direction of lake Kleifarvatn (Route 42) and at the foot of Sveifluháls hyaloclastite ridge. It is a geothermal high temperature area, hydrothermal alteration has led to a multicolored environment. Here solfataras, fumaroles, mudpots and hot springs are formed; the soil is coloured bright yellow, red, and green caused by iron oxidation, sulfur and calcite precipitation. The sulfur deposits were mined in 1722–1728 and in the 19th century. The German scientist Robert Bunsen visited the site in 1845 and, based on research there, proposed a hypothesis on formation of sulfuric acid in nature.
Also found in the area are the Ögmundarhraun lava field from the 12th century as well as some Pleistocene subglacial mounds and formations like Helgafell, Sveifluháls and Trölladyngja.
Geothermal activity
Some active geothermal high temperature areas are to be found in the system, especially at Seltún. Since 2009 repeated uplift episodes with earthquake swarms occurred, probably connected to igneous intrusions and hydrothermal changes.
General information
* Krýsuvík at
Volcano monitoring
* Icelandic Met Office (IMO). Earthquake Monitoring. Reykjanes Peninsula
* IMO. Aviation Color Code
* Geologist Páll Einarsson explains geology and volcanism of Reykjanes Peninsula as well as the 2020 earthquake series which partially takes place within this volcanic system. RÚV. 20 October 2020. (in Icelandic)
Tourism
* Seltún. Visit Reykjanes. Official website. | WIKI |
GLOBAL MARKETS-Wall St dips but trading volatile; bond prices rise
* Wall St last up but seesaws
* Nikkei ends down 4.7 pct, Asia stocks minus Japan down 3.5 pct
* Oil and industrial metals fall
By Caroline Valetkevitch
NEW YORK, Feb 6 (Reuters) - U.S. stocks dipped modestly on Tuesday, swinging wildly between positive and negative territory, a day after the Dow and S&P 500 indexes saw their biggest one-day declines in more than six years, while a world stock index dropped more than 1 percent.
European shares closed down more than 2 percent, and losses for MSCI’s widely tracked 47-country world index broke $4 trillion, with shares in emerging markets down sharply.
The blue chip Dow Jones Industrials index, which on Monday slumped briefly by more than 10 percent from its Jan. 26 record high, remains down about 8 percent from that point.
The swings on Wall Street indexes were wide, with an 89-point difference between the benchmark S&P 500 index’s intraday high and low.
“We’re bouncing around here. The market clearly hasn’t decided what the sentiment for the day is,” said Janna Sampson, co-chief investment officer at Oakbrook Investments LLC in Lisle, Illinois.
The S&P materials index, up 1.2 percent, led the advancers, while the utilities index, down 2.2 percent, led decliners.
The selloff in stocks that began last week has been built on concerns over higher interest rates and lofty valuations.
Some strategists view it as a healthy pullback after a rapid run-up in the start of the year and strong 2017 gains, and say the improving economic outlook is a positive for stocks overall.
The Dow Jones Industrial Average rose 108.77 points, or 0.45 percent, to 24,454.52, the S&P 500 gained 4.27 points, or 0.16 percent, to 2,653.21 and the Nasdaq Composite added 42.59 points, or 0.61 percent, to 7,010.12.
The pan-European FTSEurofirst 300 index lost 2.50 percent and MSCI’s gauge of stocks across the globe shed 1.22 percent.
Emerging market stocks lost 2.51 percent.
Earlier, Taiwan’s main index lost 5.0 percent, its biggest slump since 2011, Hong Kong’s Hang Seng Index dropped 5.1 percent and Japan’s Nikkei dived 4.7 percent, its worst fall since November 2016, to four-month lows.
U.S. Treasury prices gained as volatile equity markets led investors to seek out lower-risk bonds, though many investors remained nervous after a week-long bond rout sent yields on Monday to four-year highs.
Benchmark 10-year notes last rose 7/32 in price to yield 2.7696 percent, from 2.794 percent late on Monday.
The original trigger for the equities sell-off was a sharp rise in U.S. bond yields late last week after data showed U.S. wages increasing at the fastest pace since 2009. That raised the alarm about higher inflation and, with it, potentially higher interest rates.
Commodities remained gloomy, with oil and industrial metals all falling as the year’s stellar start for risk assets rapidly soured.
U.S. crude fell 0.39 percent to $63.90 per barrel and Brent was last at $67.14, down 0.71 percent.
Copper lost 1.35 percent to $7,072.50 a tonne.
The dollar rose to its highest in more than a week against a basket of currencies as traders piled back into the greenback amid the rout in stocks.
The dollar index last rose 0.05 percent, with the euro up 0.19 percent to $1.239.
Additional reporting by Chuck Mikolajczak and Sinead Carew in New York, Marc Jones and Helen Reid in London and Hideyuki Sano in Tokyo; Editing by James Dalgleish and Bernadette Baum | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Wikipedia:Files for deletion/2007 January 13
Image:Wikijt.jpg (talk | [ delete])
* Uploaded by Jayteecork ( [ notify] | contribs). orpahned image, absent uploader, unencyclopedic personal photo Gay Cdn (talk) (Contr.) 01:22, 13 January 2007 (UTC)
Image:Poker2.jpg (talk | [ delete])
* Uploaded by Deltacaster ( [ notify] | contribs). orpahned image, absent uploader, unencylopedic photo of a stage play Gay Cdn (talk) (Contr.) 01:50, 13 January 2007 (UTC)
Image:PDRM0103.JPG (talk | [ delete])
* Uploaded by Bavarios ( [ notify] | contribs). orpahned image, absent uploader, low quality, unencyclopedic personal photo Gay Cdn (talk) (Contr.) 01:51, 13 January 2007 (UTC)
Image:DWall flag1024.jpg (talk | [ delete])
* Uploaded by YHM 215 ( [ notify] | contribs). orphaned image, sole contribution of user, questionable free license Gay Cdn (talk) (Contr.) 01:54, 13 January 2007 (UTC)
Image:Kuso.jpg (talk | [ delete])
* Uploaded by Craz ( [ notify] | contribs). orphaned image, absent uploader, low quality, unencylopedic personal photo, a closeup of cat Gay Cdn (talk) (Contr.) 01:56, 13 January 2007 (UTC)
Image:Dab.jpg (talk | [ delete])
* Uploaded by Raybrain ( [ notify] | contribs). orpahned image, recently absent uploader, it is a derivitive product of a copyright album cover - not sure it should be tagged under a free license Gay Cdn (talk) (Contr.) 02:01, 13 January 2007 (UTC)
Delete - Low quality Image was uploaded few months ago.Batlily —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:46, 14 January 2008 (UTC)
Image:KellyCraig.jpg (talk | [ delete])
* Uploaded by Kelly™ ( [ notify] | contribs). OR, UE, and LQ. — Calton | Talk 02:05, 13 January 2007 (UTC).
Image:Cadennys.jpg (talk | [ delete])
* Uploaded by Lucasreddinger ( [ notify] | contribs). orpahned image, unencylopedic personal photo Gay Cdn (talk) (Contr.) 02:08, 13 January 2007 (UTC)
Image:P25LftSide.JPG (talk | [ delete])
* Uploaded by DanMP5 ( [ notify] | contribs). No Tag not known if Copyrighted.--DanMP5 Talk * Contribs 05:14, 13 January 2007 (UTC)
Image:Patio..JPG (talk | [ delete])
* Uploaded by Linkfan00 ( [ notify] | contribs). OR, image uploaded only for A7-deleted The cutest girl there ever will be BigDT 05:29, 13 January 2007 (UTC)
Image:Celtlogo.JPG (talk | [ delete])
* Uploaded by Celtstock ( [ notify] | contribs). orphaned image, absent uploader, not licensed but claim of self creation but logo appears here. Gay Cdn (talk) (Contr.) 15:47, 13 January 2007 (UTC)
Image:Celtlogosm.gif (talk | [ delete])
* Uploaded by Celtstock ( [ notify] | contribs). orphaned image, absent uploader, not licensed by uploader but claim of self creation but copy of logo appears here. Gay Cdn (talk) (Contr.) 15:48, 13 January 2007 (UTC)
Image:Celtlogonoad.gif (talk | [ delete])
* Uploaded by Celtstock ( [ notify] | contribs). orphaned image, absent uploader, not licensed but claim of self creation but copy of logo appears here. Gay Cdn (talk) (Contr.) 15:48, 13 January 2007 (UTC)
Image:Checkermotoslogo.jpg (talk | [ delete])
* Uploaded by Stude62 ( [ notify] | contribs). OB -> Checkermotoslogo.png — Jerry lavoie 15:51, 13 January 2007 (UTC)
Image:Certified.jpg (talk | [ delete])
* Uploaded by Yowiki ( [ notify] | contribs). orpahned image, conflicting claim of GFDL-self and source as myspace Gay Cdn (talk) (Contr.) 16:20, 13 January 2007 (UTC)
Image:Hallpasswaiver.JPG (talk | [ delete])
* Uploaded by Darkshark0159 ( [ notify] | contribs). OR & UE per WP:NFT. — JLaTondre 17:31, 13 January 2007 (UTC)
Image:Hallpass360small.JPG (talk | [ delete])
* Uploaded by Darkshark0159 ( [ notify] | contribs). OR & UE per WP:NFT. — JLaTondre 17:31, 13 January 2007 (UTC)
Image:HallpassturboS.JPG (talk | [ delete])
* Uploaded by Darkshark0159 ( [ notify] | contribs). OR & UE per WP:NFT. — JLaTondre 17:31, 13 January 2007 (UTC)
Image:2hallpassminis.JPG (talk | [ delete])
* Uploaded by Darkshark0159 ( [ notify] | contribs). OR & UE per WP:NFT. — JLaTondre 17:31, 13 January 2007 (UTC)
Image:Leetnewb face.jpg (talk | [ delete])
* Uploaded by Leetnewb ( [ notify] | contribs). unused image and vanity — Janarius 19:17, 13 January 2007 (UTC)
Image:Leet muscles.jpg (talk | [ delete])
* Uploaded by Leetnewb ( [ notify] | contribs). unused image, vanity and vandal image — Janarius 19:20, 13 January 2007 (UTC)
Image:Giaduc alt1.jpg (talk | [ delete])
* Uploaded by Leetnewb ( [ notify] | contribs). no need for another rubber duck image, unused image and vandal image — Janarius 19:23, 13 January 2007 (UTC)
Image:1154910194748.jpg (talk | [ delete])
* Uploaded by Helloelan ( [ notify] | contribs). uncyclopedic image, amateur image which does not pertain at all to the article subject — Janarius 19:25, 13 January 2007 (UTC)
Image:Moi.jpg (talk | [ delete])
* Uploaded by Aliveglobalneighborhood ( [ notify] | contribs). orphaned image, absent uploader, unencylopedic personal photo Gay Cdn (talk) (Contr.) 21:15, 13 January 2007 (UTC)
Image:Chishio.jpg (talk | [ delete])
* Uploaded by 13thwheel ( [ notify] | contribs). orphaned image, sole contribution of user, no license provided; may be derivitive work? Gay Cdn (talk) (Contr.) 21:19, 13 January 2007 (UTC)
Image:ChrisW1 color.jpg (talk | [ delete])
* Uploaded by ChristalWood ( [ notify] | contribs). orpahned image, sole contribution of user, unencylopedic personal photo Gay Cdn (talk) (Contr.) 21:27, 13 January 2007 (UTC)
Image:Pete Mahon.jpg (talk | [ delete])
* Uploaded by DmanDmythDledge ( [ notify] | contribs). UE, Unsuitable for Wikipedida with watermark, likely imagevio MECU ≈ talk 22:14, 13 January 2007 (UTC)
* Delete - the image has been replaced with another of the same subject without the watermark, but issues around copyright still exist as no source or license is provided. It also is an orphan as I type this.--Gay Cdn (talk) (Contr.) 22:45, 13 January 2007 (UTC)
Image:Sheila urbanoski.jpg (talk | [ delete])
* Uploaded by Missyshera ( [ notify] | contribs). OR, UE, only contrib by user MECU ≈ talk 22:27, 13 January 2007 (UTC)
* Comment - it is the only contribution of an editor who's account was created only 7 hours ago.--Gay Cdn (talk) (Contr.) 22:47, 13 January 2007 (UTC) | WIKI |
Talk:Vanilla (forum)
Untitled
WTF? This Wikipedia entry reads like free advertising for the hosted Vanilla Forum service, particularly the section "Features" which mostly talks about the commercial service, not the free product. I expected information about the open source edition of Vanilla Forum, i.e. the free product, not the commercial business behind it. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:35, 18 November 2012 (UTC)
Keep, But Edit
Value: This article quickly answered a lot of head-scratching questions I had about Vanilla.
Notability: Vanilla apparently manages half-a-million forums worldwide, it is independently recognized as a significant player.
Writing: Poor, self-promotional in some places. Edit. ("Delete and make them rewrite from scratch" is a terrible policy, it's easier to prune than plant a whole new tree.)
Kcren (talk) 14:23, 24 July 2013 (UTC)
Funded by...
It is quite normal in an encyclopedia, whether in a portal, or not, to mention all aspect of the entry.
Like many OS project Vanilla is partly funded by SaaS, which is the hosted solution.
I think on balance it now mentions the OS Vanilla in good measure.
I should point out anything not distributed the licence is moot. It is only some licences like AGPL that say otherwise.
So Vanilla is an open source code base funded by a non-distributed implementation. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:18, 24 July 2013 (UTC)
Votes Go on the Deletion Page
Sorry, I should have posted my deletion votes/discussion on the deletion discussion page. Added my comments there. Kcren (talk) 15:36, 24 July 2013 (UTC) | WIKI |
Android device doesn't appear in Visual Studio 2017 as deployment option
SvetoslavHlebarovSvetoslavHlebarov USMember ✭✭✭
edited November 2019 in Xamarin.Android
I am creating Xamarin.Android project in Visual Studio 2017 Community edition. My device is ZTE Blade A452, my computer's operating system is Windows 7. I downloaded the driver for ZTE Blade, run its .exe, and followed the steps from the following link:
https://developer.android.com/studio/run/oem-usb#Drivers
Then I followed the steps from Install USB Drivers part from the following link:
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/xamarin/android/get-started/installation/set-up-device-for-development
In both cases a message said something like: "Your driver has been updated succesfully" but Visual Studio 2017 still doesn't show the device name as a deployment option. I have looked at questions on internet related to that topic but every answer said something different and complex to do. And as the answers had to do with system administration(installing, uninstaling things on Windows) rather than with programming(which is the thing I control more) I was worried to take any actions fearing that I would make things worse and irreversible. My question is, is there more simple solution to my problem? My other question is why deployment on a real device has to be so dificult, a part from programming I have to do things related to Windows etc. ?
Answers
• JarvanJarvan Member, Xamarin Team Xamurai
Please make sure that you've enabled the "USB Debugging" feature on your phone, try the following steps to debug the device.
• Unlock your phone and go to Settings.
• Under Settings, scroll down and open About phone.
• Find Build Number and tap seven times on it
• Tap Developer option ->select USB Debugging to enable it
Guide: https://www.syncios.com/android/how-to-debug-zte-phones.html
• SvetoslavHlebarovSvetoslavHlebarov USMember ✭✭✭
edited December 2019
I have enabled USB Debugging in my phone. But it still doesn't appear as a deployment option.
• JarvanJarvan Member, Xamarin Team Xamurai
edited December 2019
Try to Restart Adb Server: Tools -> Android -> Restart Adb Server.
Sign In or Register to comment. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Libri
Libri may refer to:
People
* Domenico Libri, an Italian criminal
* Girolamo dai Libri, an Italian illuminator
* Francesco dai Libri, an Italian illuminator, father of Girolamo dai Libri
* Guglielmo Libri Carucci dalla Sommaja, a 19th-century Italian count and infamous book thief
Books
* Libri Carolini, composed on the command of Charlemagne
* Libri Feudorum, a twelfth-century collection, originating in Lombardy, of feudal customs
* Libri of Aleister Crowley is a list of texts mostly written or adapted by Aleister Crowley
Other
* Libri Prohibiti, a nonprofit, private, independent, archival research library located in Prague, Czech Republic
* Libri (journal), an academic journal of library science and information studies | WIKI |
Page:Lake Ngami.djvu/299
Rh poisonous (not characteristic of this family of reptiles), and, consequently, feared them greatly. The Damaras call the serpent in question the Ondara, and said that its chief food was the rock-rabbit (hyrax capensis). Mr. Hahn had an opportunity of seeing one of these huge creatures, which had been accidentally killed by the people at Rehoboth. It measured eighteen feet in length.
I was told a very striking story of the Ondara, but I am not at all prepared to vouch for its truth.
Two Hill-Damaras had, it seems, gone in search of honey, and having found a bees' nest in the cleft of a rock, one of them made his way through the confined aperture that led to it for the purpose of possessing himself of the honey-comb. But he had not long been thus engaged when he discovered a narrow circular passage leading apparently right through the nest. He told this to his comrade on the outside who suggested that it was probably caused by a serpent. However, seeing nothing to indicate the reptile's presence, he resumed his labor, and, having secured the honey-comb, was about to withdraw from the aperture, when, to his horror, he saw a huge ondara making toward him. The reptile passed the poor fellow in the first instance, but, suddenly turning round, it plunged its murderous fangs into the man's body. The poison was of so virulent a nature as to cause almost instantaneous death. The survivor, witnessing the fate of his | WIKI |
File talk:Holbrook School.JPG
Working on an article for the Holbrook School in Holden. Please do not delete unless the article is deemed irrelevant or I cancel the project. Thanks! -- Ti ku ko 18:50, 31 March 2008 (UTC) | WIKI |
Talk:Agrasen
This article is pure mythology. There is no mention of any historical evidence. In that case this should be clearly classified as a mythological article.
ghonada 09:24, 14 September 2006 (UTC)
I object. How can you dismiss this as a mere "myth", without dismissing many other myths such as those found in the Bible, etc.? I don't see very many religion-based articles with that disclaimer on them, even though many religious myths are also not grounded in the accepted historical record. I therefore charge that such a disclaimer is NPOV, and have deleted the disclaimer accordingly. Let readers judge for themselves what is myth and what is history – by forcing judgement upon them you bring Wikipedia down a dark and dangerous path. <IP_ADDRESS> 10:29, 14 September 2006 (UTC)
There is no judgement involved in calling mythology mythology. You do not mention any historical source for this article. You do not even mention mythological sources. For example, does the stories about this "agrasen" comes from Mahabharata itself ? Or does it come from vishnupuran or whatever ? This might well be just a figment of imagination of few people.
ghonada 11:24, 14 September 2006 (UTC)
Actually, I did not write the article. I'm simply reacting to your blatant NPOV against Hindu oral history. Place a "citation needed" if you feel that's the case, but a disclaimer explicitly denigrating their oral history is ridiculous, and blatantly NPOV. Why not put such disclaimers all over Christianity-related articles too? Or are stories of angels and seraphims and walking on water somehow more realistic? <IP_ADDRESS> 02:29, 15 September 2006 (UTC)
By the way there is no single version of "Mahalakshmi vrata katha". Who wrote it ? Who is the publisher ? Which year was it first published ? This kind of books are sold for five rupees in Indian local trains, and are result of vivid imagination of its authors. This does not deserve a place in an encyclopedia. ghonada 11:31, 14 September 2006 (UTC)
Just to point out more blatant inconsistencies in this article, what do you think was the currency of India near the time of Mahabharata ? Was it rupee ? In effect you are writing that the currency of "emperor agrasen" was rupee, which was used about the same time as Mahabharata. If this is not nonsense I would love to know what is. ghonada 11:39, 14 September 2006 (UTC)
You have some good points of criticism, Ghonada. Let's discuss them in separate sections. -- Longhairandabeard 14:17, 14 September 2006 (UTC)
All the criticisms have been taken care of. Removing the tag from the top of the article.. -- Longhairandabeard 16:33, 28 September 2006 (UTC)
History or Mythology
I agree there are no historical evidence for anything in this article, except for the fact that an ancient Indian city stood at Agroha. But you must agree that in India, there is no 'pure mythology'. Mythology and history are inextricably linked. If a whole clan of people traces its origin to a king, it cannot be dismissed as 'pure mythology'. If there are no historical sources for the stories told in mythology, it may very well be because they have been lost. I agree more with the tag you have put in recently than the one you had put in earlier. But this fact can be integrated into the article itself. Also, just so you know, the article was 'clearly' categorized as "People in Hindu Mythology". -- Longhairandabeard 14:17, 14 September 2006 (UTC)
Mahalakshmi Vrat Katha
Lack of internet references does not mean lack of evidence. I am trying to get more references for this. Maybe people in India can help. Let me clarify that the Vrat Kathas may be penny books sold on the street, but that should not reduce their credibility. In fact, some Vrat Kathas are written in Sanskrit and are very widely read and recited. Satyanarayan Katha and the Navaratri Vrat Katha are good examples. -- Longhairandabeard 14:17, 14 September 2006 (UTC)
I agree with you. The fact of Agrasen is told to us by our parents and grand parents and agroha dham still exists. All the agarwal consider him as their common ancestor.--Rajatbindalbly (talk) 08:35, 31 October 2015 (UTC) Please find the reference on Agrasen. Bṛhat Bhāgavatamṛta .--Rajatbindalbly (talk) 09:29, 31 October 2015 (UTC)
* There exist a few different texts called Mahalakshmi Vrata Katha. They are apparently not the one that includes the Agravaishyanukirtnam text. There exists only one manuscript that contains the text, it is owned by the family of Bharatendu Harishchandra. Some of the early leaves are lost, existing manuscript starts with verse 85. The available text is quoted in its entirety by Satyaketu Vidyalankar (who had located and copied the manuscript during early 1900s) and also by in the book by Swarajyamani Agrawal (book "Agrasen Agroha Agrawal", pub. Agroha Vikas Trust). The last verse states that it is a part of Bhavishyapurana, Lakshmi-Mahatmaya-Kedarkhand. Dr. Sayaketu Vidyalankar was not able to find the text in the published Bhavishyapurana. However note that some variation among the manuscripts is common.
* The book by Dr. Swarajyamani Agrawal includes a discussion of the date of the Sanskrit composition based on the language.
* Malaiya (talk) 22:30, 18 October 2018 (UTC)
Rupee
The article does not say the currency at the time of Agrasen was rupee. It only says that it was at the 'heyday' of Agroha. The legend does not say when that was in historical terms.
The legend itself is very widely accepted in the region around Agroha, and among the Agrawals. In fact, there are freizes depicting this story using life-size statues in the recently renovated temple at Agroha. Now, rupee was introduced in India in the time of Sher Shah Suri, but the legend clearly mentions 'one lakh rupees'. It may very well be that the legend spoke of one lakh coins, and the legend changed according to whatever currency was prevalent at that time. If you think this discussion is relevant to the article, we can include it. -- Longhairandabeard 14:17, 14 September 2006 (UTC)
NB "The origin of the word "rupee" is found in the Sanskrit word rūp or rūpā, which means "silver" in many Indo-Aryan languages. The Sanskrit word rūpyakam (Devanagari:रूप्यकम्) means coin of silver"
Therfor Rupee could be read to mean "base coin" Much like the british Pound, which origonaly ment one pound of gold, rathere than a specific coin. <IP_ADDRESS>
The actual story is that kingdom of Agroha was having a total population of 1,00,000 families. If any new person is allowed to settle in the kingdom every family use to donate him one gold coin to start his business and one brick ( some says gold brick) to built his new house. It was a rule that none in Agroha will be a poor, he should always have equal status of other citizens.Rajatbindalbly (talk) 08:32, 31 October 2015 (UTC)
all jaiswalvaish of jaisalmer show great respect in maharaj agresen
happy new year all vaish like aggarwal,oswal&jaisalmer jaiswalvaish,and khandelwaland all jain commounity —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:43, 26 December 2008 (UTC) | WIKI |
Lomonosovsky Prospekt (Moscow Metro)
Lomonosovsky Prospekt (Ломоносовский проспект) is a station on the Kalininsko-Solntsevskaya Line of the Moscow Metro. It opened on 16 March 2017 as part of the line's extension between Park Pobedy and Ramenki. Tunneling between the station and that next from it, Ramenki, started in 2013. | WIKI |
Newport Baroque Orchestra
Newport Baroque Orchestra (Newport, RI, USA) is a professional period instrument orchestra devoted to the music of the 17th and 18th centuries. The orchestra gives concerts in Newport throughout the year, linking the music of the past to Newport's own character as an 18th-century city. | WIKI |
Houshang
Houshang is a given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Houshang Asadi (born 1951), Iranian journalist and writer
* Houshang Golmakani, Iranian journalist, film critic and director
* Houshang Golshiri (1938–2000), Iranian fiction writer, critic and editor
* Houshang Kargarnejad (born 1945), retired Iranian heavyweight weightlifter who competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics
* Houshang Moradi Kermani (born 1944), Iranian writer best known for children's and young adult fiction
* Houshang Mashian (born 1938), Iranian-Israeli chess master
* Houshang Montazeralzohour (1947–1982), Iranian Greco-Roman wrestler who competed in the 1976 Summer Olympics
* Houshang Ostovar (1927–2016), Persian symphonic music composer and instructor
* Houshang Rafati, Iranian basketball player
* Amir Houshang Keshavarz Sadr (1933–2013), scholar of Iranian history and a prominent civic-nationalist activist
* Houshang Seddigh, Iranian retired fighter pilot
* Houshang Zarif (born 1938), Iranian master musician and renowned tar player | WIKI |
Unit Testing multiple controllers in emberjs
I’ve included an example below of testing controllers that depend on other controllers (through the needs) and how to create those controllers. There might be a better way, if so, feel free to inform me, I was just happy to get it working.
describe("Application.bookController", function () {
var bookController, bookModel, userController, userModel;
beforeEach(function () {
Application.reset();
Ember.run(function () {
userModel = Application.User.create(Application.UserFixtures[0]);
bookModel = Application.book.create(Application.bookFixtures[0]);
// if you manualy are creating a controller that depends on another, you need to cheat
var container = Application.__container__;
userController = container.lookup('controller:user');
userController.set('model', userModel);
bookController = container.lookup('controller:book');
bookController.set('model', bookModel);
});
});
it("should have a computed property isMyBook that returns true if is_my_book equals true and the user_id matches the owner book_owner_user_id in the returned JSON", function () {
Ember.run(function () {
// isMyBook compares the current users user_id to the book owner's user id (hence the need to hit the users controller from the book) - note this is a made up example
expect(bookController.get('isMyBook')).toBeTruthy();
});
});
afterEach(function () {
Ember.run(function () {
bookModel.destroy();
bookController.destroy();
userModel.destroy();
userController.destroy();
});
});
});
1 Like | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Internet in the Netherlands
According to research done by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the Netherlands is ranked with Switzerland in having the most broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants, has no bandwidth caps, and has the most homes passed in Europe in terms of connection speeds of 50 Mbit/s and higher.
In the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) 2022 report, the Netherlands ranks third among 27 EU countries. It performs strongly in digital proficiency, with 79% of its population possessing basic digital skills, surpassing the EU average of 54%. The nation's connectivity infrastructure is robust, with 97% fixed broadband and 94% mobile broadband coverage, both exceeding EU averages of 78% and 87%, respectively. In digital technology integration, 75% of Dutch Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) demonstrate basic digital readiness, which is higher than the EU's 55%. Additionally, digital public services are advanced, with 92% e-government usage compared to the EU average of 65%.
Fixed broadband
The Netherlands demonstrates a very robust level of fixed broadband infrastructure. Its adoption rate of 97% notably exceeds the EU average of 78%. For broadband speeds of at least 100 Mbps, the uptake is 47%, slightly above the EU's 41%. The Netherlands excels in Fast Broadband (NGA) coverage with 99%, surpassing the EU average of 90%. Its Fixed Very High Capacity Network (VHCN) coverage is also notable at 91%, compared to the EU average of 70%. Additionally, Fibre to the Premises (FTTP) coverage in the Netherlands is 52%, marginally above the EU's 50%.
Mobile broadband
Mobile broadband shows strong performance with a 94% take-up rate, higher than the EU average of 87%. However, the country is somewhat behind in 5G spectrum allocation, at 33% compared to the EU's 56%. Despite this, it achieves a notable 97% coverage of 5G in populated areas, exceeding the EU average of 66%.
Digital public services
According to the DESI 2022 report, the Netherlands ranks fourth in the EU for digital public services. A notable 92% of its internet users engage with e-government services, higher than the EU average of 65%. The country scores 85 out of 100 for digital services to citizens and 88 out of 100 for businesses, both above the EU averages of 75 and 82, respectively. Open data utilization is high at 92%, compared to the EU's 81%.
These achievements align with the country's strategic initiatives for digitalization, as outlined in the 2020 NL Digibeter Agenda and the I-Strategy for 2021-2025. Focused on inclusivity, accessibility, innovation, and ethical technology use, these strategies have supported the broad adoption of digital identity solutions, such as DigiD for citizens and eHerkenning for businesses, with over 96% of the population having access to at least one e-ID.
Internet censorship
Government-mandated Internet censorship is nonexistent due to the House of Representatives speaking out against filtering on multiple occasions, although there have been proposals to filter child pornography and the Netherlands, like many countries, is grappling with how to prevent or control copyright infringement on the Internet. Internet filtering in the Netherlands is not classified by the OpenNet Initiative (ONI).
Child pornography
In 2008 Ernst Hirsch Ballin, then Minister of Justice, proposed a plan to regulate the blocking of websites known to contain child pornography. A blacklist would have been composed by the Meldpunt ter bestrijding van Kinderpornografie op Internet (hotline combating child pornography on the Internet) and used by Internet service providers to redirect the websites to a stop page. The blacklist would contain websites hosted in nations where the Dutch authorities had no means of tracking and prosecution. Situations such as the blocking of Wikipedia would have been avoided, according to the working group behind the filter.
Under the proposal, stop pages were to be hosted by individual providers, an example being UPC Netherlands. The pages would not log traffic since they were not being used as a tracking mechanism; rather, their use would be for private parties to contribute to combating the spreading of child pornography. This plan never gained traction and was only backed by UPC and an orthodox Protestant provider of filtered internet services, Kliksafe. Providers would not be forced to use it since that would be unconstitutional according to a research done by the governmental Scientific Research and Documentation Center (WODC) commissioned by the Ministry of Security and Justice.
In 2010 a report was released by the Werkgroep Blokkeren Kinderporno (working group for blocking child pornography). It compared the filter in its last form with information from the Internet Watch Foundation. While they had "much wider criteria", the number of websites on the block list went from 2000 in previous years to less than 400 in 2010. The report stated that in the Dutch situation this would mean an "almost complete lack of websites to block" because the sharing of the material was no longer done by conventional websites, but by other services. In 2011 the plan was pulled by Ivo Opstelten for this reason. The House of Representatives reaffirmed this by voting against the filter later that year, effectively killing any plans for government censorship.
Copyright infringement
In January 2012, the internet providers Ziggo and XS4ALL were required by a court order in a case brought by the Bescherming Rechten Entertainment Industrie Nederland (BREIN) to block the website of The Pirate Bay due to copyright infringement. This blocking raised questions within the government, customers, and the internet providers themselves, not only because of the blocking, but also about its randomness and the role of BREIN, an industry trade association that can change the blacklist. The Pirate Bay called BREIN a corrupt organization, while the government is mostly concerned about freedom of speech and privacy. In May 2012, the Internet providers KPN, UPC, T-Mobile, and Tele2 were also required to block The Pirate Bay. However, in January 2014, a court overturned the initial verdict and ruled that Ziggo and XS4ALL no longer have to block The Pirate Bay. BREIN has since moved to an appeal with the Hoge Raad, the highest court in the Netherlands, arguing that the ruling is in violation of European law. A month later, UPC unblocked access to the site following an agreement with BREIN.
As of September 2017, Ziggo and XS4All are once again ordered to block The Pirate Bay, this time by the Dutch Court. Other providers now also need to block the Pirate Bay.
Russia Today and Sputnik news
The websites of Russia Today and Sputnik were blocked on 2 March 2022 following a ruling from the European Commission. As of January 2023 the sites are still blocked. One of the main internet providers, Ziggo, uses a DNS block to prevent users from accessing the sites. When a different DNS is configured RT and Sputnik can still be accessed using a Ziggo connection.
Network neutrality
In June 2011 the Dutch House of Representatives voted for network neutrality enforced by law. The revised Telecommunicatiewet ("Telecommunications Act") was formally ratified by the Senate in May 2012. Among other things the law prohibits the blocking of Internet content.
Data retention
In accordance with European Union directive 2006/24/EC providers had to store information about internet traffic. While in the original implementation the duration was set to twelve months this was changed to six months due to questionable usefulness and necessity. The directive was annulled in 2014. | WIKI |
Best answer: Can retinoids cause skin cancer?
·
Can retinol give you skin cancer?
Retinol, the most biologically active form of vitamin A, might influence cancer-related biological pathways. However, results from observational studies of serum retinol and cancer risk have been mixed.
Can you get cancer from tretinoin?
Vascular disorders were noted as the leading cause of death. Small-cell lung cancer, respiratory, cardiovascular and mediastinal diseases were the other conditions responsible for death of patients in the tretinoin group.
What retinol do dermatologists recommend?
The Best Retinol Products for Every Skin Type, According to Dermatologists
• SkinBetter Science AlphaRet Night Cream. …
• CeraVe Skin Renewing Retinol Serum. …
• RoC Retinol Correxion Deep Wrinkle Anti-Aging Night Cream. …
• Neutrogena Rapid Wrinkle Repair Regenerating Cream. …
• Olay Regenerist Retinol24 Night Moisturizer.
Does retinol make you age faster?
Deciding when to start using retinol and wearing sunscreen are two halves of the same whole—sunscreen protects your skin, while retinol rejuvenates it at a dermal level. The only way retinol is going to make you age faster is if you use it without sunscreen.
Can retinol make you look older?
This will make your skin look older and accentuate wrinkles” — which is probably not what you’re going for when you start using the stuff. And there’s no question that retinol makes your skin more sensitive to the sun. “A sunburn can definitely cause skin thinning,” Dr. Icecreamwala says.
IT IS INTERESTING: What kind of tests will a doctor do if they suspect that you have cancer?
What vitamins help fight skin cancer?
Vitamins C, E and A, zinc, selenium, beta carotene (carotenoids), omega-3 fatty acids, lycopene and polyphenols are among the antioxidants many dermatologists recommend including in your diet to help prevent skin cancer. You can find them in many everyday nourishing whole foods.
How can you protect yourself from skin cancer?
To protect yourself from skin cancer:
1. Stay out of the sun as much as possible between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m.
2. Cover up with long sleeves, long pants or a long skirt, a hat, and sunglasses.
3. Use sunscreen with SPF 15 or higher.
4. Don’t use indoor tanning machines.
5. Check your skin for changes regularly.
Why is retinol bad for you?
Since retinol is such a powerful ingredient, it can cause the skin to redden or peel if it’s incorporated into a skin care regimen too quickly or used too often. Flakiness, dryness and even some breakouts can occur when retinol is first added to a routine. Typically, it just takes a little time for the skin to adjust. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
YDeliver is a (opinionated) build and deployment framework aimed at .NET projects.
PowerShell Batchfile
Fetching latest commit…
Cannot retrieve the latest commit at this time.
README.md
YDeliver
YDeliver is a (opinionated) build and deployment framework aimed at .NET projects.
YDeliver is based on Powershell and the amazing psake framework. It borrows the best practices ( for example, Ydeliver strongly believes in convention over configuration) and tricks from across the industry, with the aim of quickly bootstrapping the build and release process of typical .NET projects.
Getting Started
You can include YDeliver as submodule within your project (recommended), or just have it as a Powershell module in your machine to invoke builds off.
Import-Module path\to\YDeliver
You can also install YDeliver as a solution-level package using Nuget / Package manager:
Install-Package ydeliver
YBuild
YBuild is the build component of YDeliver. Typically, this component is for compiling, unit testing and packaging your artifacts. YBuild comes with prebuilt tasks to clean and compile your solution, run NUnit tests and package ( zip / nuget) up your artifacts.
For example, you can run the clean, compile and package tasks by doing
Invoke-YBuild Clean,Compile,Project
To get a list of available tasks, you can do:
Invoke-YBuild -listAvailable
You can override the build.yml settings by adding a -config parameter to Invoke-YBuild. See scaffolded build.ps1 for example.
YInstall
YInstall component takes care of "installing" the build artifacts - be it zip files, installers, nuget packages etc.
You can install "applications". These can be certain modules within your project - like a service, web app etc or the entire project itself. Each applications is defined to be of certain tasks and the configurations needed to install them. For example:
conventions:
artifactsDir: "$rootDir/build"
install:
ydeliver:
tasks:
NugetPublish:
config:
packages: ["ydeliver.*.nupkg"]
source: "NuGet official package source"
The above configuration in a install.yml defines an application ydeliver. When you install this application, the task NugetPublish is run. The config section defines the configuration needed to run the tasks. Here the nuget packages and the nuget feed source are specified.
You can override the install.yml settings by adding a -config parameter to Invoke-YInstall. See scaffolded install.ps1 for example.
YDeploy
Coming soon.
Conventions
YDeliver follows certain conventions, like where to pick up the solution file, how to recognize unit test dlls, etc. These conventions are specified under Conventions\Defaults.ps1
You can specify your own, or modify the ones provided by the framework by adding the conventions key in the component config ( like build.yml):
conventions:
framework: "3.5x86"
solutionFile: "$rootDir/name.sln"
Custom Tasks
If you cannot add your own task directly into the component's task folder ( either because you are using YDeliver as a Nuget package and don't want to touch the installed files, or if your are using YDeliver as a submodule), you can add a file in your project root named <action>.custom.tasks.ps1 and the tasks from it will be picked up as well.
For example, if you want to add custom tasks for YBuild, create a file named build.custom.tasks.ps1 and place it in the root of your project. These task will now be available from Invoke-YBuild.
Configuration
You can specify configurations like which folders to package into artifacts, which projects to make nuget packages out off etc.
build.yml
Specifies the configurations for YBuild
copyContents : For specifying files and folders to be copied from one place to another packageContents : For specifying file and folders to be packages into zip files nugetSpecs : For specifying the .nuspec files to be used to build nuget packages
Sample build.yml:
copyContents:
"$buildPath/cmd.dll": "$buildPath/Cmd"
"$buildPath/cmd.pdb": "$buildPath/Cmd"
"$buildPath/test": "$buildPath/Cmd"
packageContents:
"$buildPath/Cmd": "Cmd.zip"
nugetSpecs: [cmd.nuspec]
##YFlow (work in progress)
YFlow is the developer workflow component. During the course of development, the developers would be running specific tasks at specific times. For example, you may want to run the dbdeploy task after updating some migrations. You may want to index solr after updating the config etc. Probably, when you run dbdeploy, you also want to reindex solr. Sometimes, these tasks may also cut across components ( YBuild, YInstall).
If you are not using workflows, you may have to do:
Invoke-YBuild dbdeploy
Invoke-YInstall solr
With YFlow, you can define these as your workflows. Scaffold the component to get workflow.ps1 and workflows.yml.
Invoke-YScaffold YFlow
workflow.yml for the above scenario will look like this:
workflow:
dbsolr:
ybuild: [dbdeploy]
yinstall: [solr]
Now, you can do:
Invoke-YFlow dbsolr #or
.\workflow.ps1 dbsolr
You can merge the functionalities of build.ps1 and workflow.ps1 as appropriate.
Note that YDeliver doesn't encourage dependencies between task as specified using psake syntax. We believe it is better being explicit. YFlow may be the replacement for this.
YScaffold
This component helps you to quickly bootstrap a project's build and deploy. You can scaffold the files and scripts that are used by the different YDeliver component.
Invoke-YScaffold -Component YBuild
YScaffold will not replace files that already exist unless called with the -Force switch.
What's ahead?
Lots more documentation. Bringing in the deploy component. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
[<< wikibooks] Exercise as it relates to Disease/Walking Versus Vigorous Physical Activity and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Women
The following is an analysis of the article "Walking Compared With Vigorous Physical Activity and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Women"
== Research background ==
This article was written to find the link between vigorous activity and walking to type 2 diabetes in women. Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic diseases where a patient has high blood sugar due to problems processing or producing insulin. Type 2 diabetes is typically diagnosed after the age of 40. Diabetes can usually be controlled through physical activity, diet and weight loss.
Strong evidence presented by the authors suggests that physical activity is associated with reduced risk of type 2 diabetes. Studies on type 2 diabetes have become more common however none had really looked at the correlation between walking and type 2 diabetes. The authors in this study conducted assessments on physical activity to quantify the response between total physical activity and incidence of type 2 diabetes in women.
== Where is this research from? ==
This research was conducted by authors from the Departments of Nutrition, Epidemiology and Harvard School of Public Health in America.
== What kind of research was this? ==
During this study 70,102 female nurses aged 40 to 65 years who did not have diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or cancer at baseline were split into 2 groups based on the results the of a questionnaire which determined their weekly energy expenditure in metabolic equivalent task–hours (MET-hours). They defined any physical activity requiring 6 METs or greater as vigorous." During this research authors examine not only the intervention results and the level of activity each participant participate in, as well as questionnaires and regular medical examinations.
== What did the research involve? ==
The research looked at female nurses between the ages of 40 and 65 who did not have diabetes and assessed their level of physical activity. It then compared the nurses who regularly walked against those who participated in regularly in vigorous activity.
This study assessed the following:
The risk of type 2 diabetes by quintile of metabolic equivalent task (MET) score
The potential benefits of walking compared with more vigorous activity
Smoking status
BMI
Alcohol assumption
Parental history of diabetes
== What were the basic results? ==
The results of the research concluded that women who had a physical activity of 6 METs or higher had reduced risk of getting type 2 diabetes. Approximately 47% of women in 1986 reported no vigorous activity, and 60% of all women reported that they walked at least 1 hour per week. There was a strong association between walking and the risk of type 2 diabetes. They also found a strong correlation between the pace of walking and the risk of diabetes. They also found that overweight and obese women are less likely to participate in vigorous activity and therefore are at a higher risk than those who are not obese or overweight.
Table 1 Shows the percentage of physical activity women participated in.
== What conclusions can we make? ==
From the results of this intervention we can conclude that not only females between the ages of 40 and 65 who participate in physical activity of 6 METs or higher have a reduced risk in type 2 diabetes, but females who also walk regularly have a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes.
Based on the findings of this intervention we can also conclude that vigorous activities includes calisthenics and aerobics were associated with the greatest reduction in type 2 diabetes risk. Other activities including jogging, running, and playing tennis, were also associated with the risk. Swimming and riding a bike were not significantly associated with risk of diabetes.
We can also conclude that factors such as BMI, smoking status, alcohol consumption and family history can also affect an individuals risk of getting type 2 diabetes.
== Practical advice ==
It is important to encourage older women to get physically active and lead a healthy lifestyle to reduce their risk of type 2 diabetes. Even if your family has a bad history of diabetes that doesn't mean that you can not lower your chances of getting it. The more physically active you are the lower your risk is however just walking everyday will help to reduce the risk of getting type 2 diabetes.
== Further reading ==
Diabetes in Australia
Type 2 diabetes
Profiles of Health
== References == | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
keerthi keerthi - 1 year ago 101
HTML Question
Filter Events with collections
I have projects and workflows with separate collections.
collections:
Project = new Meteor.Collection("project");
Workflow = new Meteor.Collection("workflow");
After creating project, I am selecting project in the form and displaying Work flow card.
HTML:
<!-- Workflow Card -->
<div id="wCard">
{{#each workflow}}
<div class="pheader">
<h2>{{project}}</h2>
<hr width="100%">
</div>
<br>
<div class="workflowcard">
<div class="module-card">
<div class="card-header wfmodule">{{workflowTitle}}</div>
<div class="casting">
<div class="assigned-tag">Assigned To:</div>
<div class="assigned-to">{{team}}<hr></div>
<div class="actions">No Actions Created</div>
</div>
<div class="due">
Due on:
<div>
<div class="day-stamp" >{{weekday d_date}}</div>
<div class="date-stamp">{{date d_date}}</div>
<div class="month-stamp">{{month d_date}}</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="btn-box showmuloption">
<button type="edit" class="editw" style="display:none">Edit Workflow</button>
<button type="hide" class="hidew" style="display:none">Hide Actions</button>
<div class="actionBtn"><button class="btn-wf stage-blue-wf button-x-small-wf" id="newAction">New Action</button></div>
</div>
</div>
{{/each}}
</div>
.JS:
Template.workflow.events({
"submit .workflow-form": function(event){
event.preventDefault();
var workflowTitle = event.target.workflowTitle.value;
var project = event.target.project.value;
var description = event.target.description.value;
var team = event.target.team.value;
var s_date = event.target.s_date.value;
var d_date = event.target.d_date.value;
var link = event.target.link.value;
var obj={
workflowTitle : workflowTitle,
project : project,
description : description,
team : team,
s_date : s_date,
d_date : d_date,
link : link
};
event.target.workflowTitle.value="";
event.target.project.value="";
event.target.description.value="";
event.target.team.value="";
event.target.s_date.value="";
event.target.d_date.value="";
event.target.link.value="";
$('#wfCard').show();
$('#info').show();
$('#createWF').hide();
Meteor.call('insertWorkflow',obj);
alert("submitted");
},
"submit .workflow-action-form": function(event){
event.preventDefault();
var action_title = event.target.action_title.value;
var description = event.target.description.value;
var team = event.target.team.value;
var s_date = event.target.s_date.value;
var d_date = event.target.d_date.value;
var link = event.target.link.value;
var module_list = event.target.module_list.value;
var obj={
action_title : action_title,
description : description,
team : team,
s_date : s_date,
d_date : d_date,
link : link,
module_list : module_list
};
event.target.action_title.value="";
event.target.description.value="";
event.target.team.value="";
event.target.s_date.value="";
event.target.d_date.value="";
event.target.link.value="";
event.target.module_list.value="";
Meteor.call('insertNewaction',obj);
alert("submitted");
},
});
Template.workflow.helpers({
getWorkflow: function(){
return Workflow.find();
},
user: function(){
return Meteor.users.find({});
},
getNewaction: function(){
return Newaction.find();
},
});
Now the workflow cards are displaying in a list. I want to display workflows according to projects. If I select a project, the workflow should go to that project, and I create another workflow with same project, it should display in that project. And if I select another project, the workflow should display in that related project.
Please help through this.
Answer Source
I use reactive varrible for this. At first you need add meteor package:
$ meteor add reactive-var
Your form with project selecting might look like this:
<select id="project" value="{{getProject}}">
{{#each getProjectsList}}
<option id='{{_id}}' value="{{_id}}">{{projectname}}</option>
{{/each}}
</select>
Don't forget create helpers getProject and getProjectsList. Now it's time for reactive varrible, you can initialise this in onCreated event.
Template.workflow.onCreated(function() {
var instance = this;
instance.projectId = new ReactiveVar(null);
});
When you change selected project, you should change you reactive varrible.
Template.workflow.events({
'change #project': function(){
Template.instance().projectId.set($("#project").val());
});
Every workflow need to have field with project id. You get workflows list like this
{{#each getWorkflows}}
And there is helper for getting workflow's list:
Template.workflow.helpers({
getWorkflows: function() {
var id = Template.instance().projectId.get();
return Workflow.find({projectId: id});
},
...// another helpers
})
So, when you will change project in form, list of workflow also will change, because it depends on reactive var. Also you can sibscribe only needed workflow object, and not all collection. I hope this will helpfull to someone. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
George G. Symes
George Gifford Symes (April 28, 1840 – November 3, 1893) was an American lawyer, Republican politician, and pioneer of Wisconsin, Montana, and Colorado. He was a member of congress, representing Colorado's at-large district during the 49th and 50th U.S. congresses (1885–1889), and was a justice of the Supreme Court of the Montana Territory. Earlier in his life, he served as a Union Army officer in the American Civil War.
Biography
George G. Symes was born in Ashtabula County, Ohio, in April 1840. He received his early education there, then moved with his parents to La Crosse, Wisconsin, in 1852, where he completed his education. At age 20, he began the study of law in the offices of Angus Cameron (later a U.S. senator).
Civil War service
At the outbreak of the Civil War, he joined up with a company of volunteers for the Union Army, known as the "La Crosse Light Guard". His company became Company B in the 2nd Wisconsin Infantry Regiment, and mustered into federal service on April 12, 1861. He was wounded at the First Battle of Bull Run, and was discharged due to his wounds in December.
After recovering from his wounds, he volunteered again and was commissioned adjutant of the 25th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment. After one year as adjutant, he was promoted to captain of Company F in that regiment. With the 25th Wisconsin Infantry, he participated in the Siege of Vicksburg and the Atlanta Campaign. He was wounded again at Decatur, Georgia, in July 1864.
While recuperating, he was offered the command of the new 44th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment and accepted. He returned to Wisconsin to assist in organizing the new regiment. The 44th Wisconsin Infantry was called to service before fully organized, and five companies were sent forward under their lieutenant colonel in November 1864. Symes completed the organization of the regiment and joined the advance battalion at Nashville, Tennessee, in February 1865. They spent the remainder of the war on guard duty in Tennessee and Kentucky.
Political career
After the war, Symes remained in Paducah, Kentucky, where the 44th Wisconsin Infantry had been stationed. In 1867, he was the Radical Republican nominee for United States House of Representatives in Kentucky's 1st congressional district. He challenged Democratic incumbent, Lawrence S. Trimble, but was defeated. He and another Republican candidate challenged their defeat in the election, claiming that Union voters had been intimidated and alleging that Trimble should be disqualified for having aided the rebellion. The challenge was also unsuccessful.
Symes continued working as a lawyer in Paducah until 1869, when he was appointed associate justice of the Supreme Court of the Montana Territory, by U.S. president Ulysses S. Grant. He served only two years as justice, then resigned to resume the practice of law in Helena, Montana.
In 1874, Symes decided to relocate to Denver, Colorado, to establish a legal practice there. The legal community of Montana threw him a banquet at his departure in February 1874, where his career was celebrated by prominent Montanans.
Symes was elected as a Republican to the Forty-ninth and Fiftieth Congresses (March 4, 1885 – March 3, 1889). He engaged in the management of his estate and in the practice of law.
Suicide
Symes committed suicide on November 3, 1893, by shooting himself in the head. He left a letter for his wife saying he feared another night in agony. Symes had been wounded near the spine during his Civil War service, and had experienced significant discomfort and depression in the subsequent years. By the time of his suicide, his condition had been exacerbated by four weeks of pneumonia. At the time of his death, his wife had been living for a year in Massachusetts with their children, for her own health concerns.
He was interred in Denver's Fairmount Cemetery.
Personal life and family
George Symes was the eldest son of William Symes and his wife Mary ( Gifford). His parents had emigrated to the United States from England in 1836.
George Symes married Sophie Foster on July 3, 1875, at Chicago. Sophie was a daughter of prominent geologist John Wells Foster. Their marriage produced at least three children. Their eldest son was John Foster Symes, who served 28 years as a United States district judge in Colorado, and was earlier United States attorney in Colorado.
While serving in Congress, Symes lived at 1501 18th Street, N.W., in Washington, D.C., in the Dupont Circle Historic District. His former home is now an annex of the Embassy of Malaysia. | WIKI |
Striegistal
Striegistal is a municipality in the district of Mittelsachsen, in Saxony, Germany. In 1994, the unification of the former municipalities of Berbersdorf, Goßberg, Mobendorf and Pappendorf as part of the regional administrative reform, created the municipality of Striegistal. In 2008 it absorbed the former municipality Tiefenbach. It received its name from the two rivers that flow through the community, the Little Striegis and the Big Striegis.
Sons and daughters of the community
* David Schirmer (1623-1686), lyricist of the baroque period.
* Wolfgang Schindler (1929-1991), classical archaeologist
* Martin Kröger (1894-1980), chemist and professor at the University of Leipzig | WIKI |
Page:Chinese Characteristics.djvu/17
Rh pressible; is felt to be incomprehensible. He cannot, indeed, be rightly understood in any country but China, yet the impression still prevails that he is a bundle of contradictions who cannot be understood at all. But after all there is no apparent reason, now that several hundred years of our acquaintance with China have elapsed, why what is actually known of its people should not be coordinated, as well as any other combination of complex phenomena.
A more serious objection to this particular volume is that the author has no adequate qualifications for writing it. The circumstance that a person has lived for twenty-two years in China is no more a guarantee that he is competent to write of the characteristics of the Chinese, than the fact that another man has for twenty-two years been buried in a silver mine is a proof that he is a fit person to compose a treatise on metallurgy, or on bi-metallism. China is a vast whole, and one who has never even visited more than half its provinces, and who has lived in but two of them, is certainly not entitled to generalise for the whole Empire. These papers were originally prepared for the North-China Daily News of Shanghai, with no reference to any wider circulation. Some of the topics treated excited, however, so much interest, not only in China, but also in Great Britain, in the United States, and in Canada, that the author was asked to reproduce the articles in a permanent form.
A third objection, which will be offered by some, is that parts of the views here presented, especially those which deal with the moral character of the Chinese, are misleading and unjust.
It should be remembered, however, that impressions are not like statistics which may be corrected to a fraction. They | WIKI |
Talk:It's Alive (2009 film)
Plot
The plot should be expanded some more.--Paleface Jack (talk) 01:10, 28 December 2013 (UTC)
* No, it really shouldn't. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 01:49, 29 April 2015 (UTC)
Requested move 28 October 2016
The result of the move request was: Moved — Amakuru (talk) 17:26, 4 November 2016 (UTC)
It's Alive (2008 film) → It's Alive (2009 film) – The film It's Alive came out in 2009 and not 2008, because it was never released the film was shot during filming sometime and was later released in foreign countries during 2009. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:36, 28 October 2016 (UTC)
* Support. This rationale is bordering on incomprehensible, but it the basic gist of it may be correct. Some sources say the film was released in 2008 (example), and some say 2009. The sources I added, including Box Office Mojo, seem to lean toward 2009. 2009 seems more likely. NinjaRobotPirate (talk) 06:00, 29 October 2016 (UTC)
* Support Unless someone can find a WP:RS to show a 2008 release. Lugnuts Precious bodily fluids 09:00, 29 October 2016 (UTC)
| WIKI |
Does Insurance Cover TRT (Testosterone Replacement Therapy)
fact checked
does insurance cover trt
Does insurance cover TRT? The answer is it depends. You have to convince the insurance company that you need TRT. So, stick till the end to find out all about the topic! We’ll answer the question in detail here.
If you’re on the wrong side of 40, there’s a good chance your testosterone level has dipped below where they were during the 20s. Though it’s natural to happen, it can cause some issues.
does insurance cover trt
A TRT can be an easy solution if you find out that your testosterone levels are low.
However, one of the concerns for the ones that are keen on TRT is how much the therapy costs. Now, if you have health insurance, do you really need to worry about the cost?
What Is TRT?
As the name suggests, Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT) mainly focuses on testosterone levels. And testosterone is basically a hormone that is produced primarily in the testicles. However, unlike some of the other hormones, testosterone plays a massive role in maintaining the body condition of men.
does insurance pay for trt
It helps maintain fat distribution, muscle mass and strength, bone density, body and facial hair, RBC (Red Blood Cell) production, sperm production, and sex drive. But the thing is, the production of testosterone only peaks during early adulthood and adolescence. And as the body ages, the production level gradually declines.
Typically, the levels will be around 1 percent after 30 and 40. However, the decline of testosterone is not because of aging. It can happen due to a disease as well. And many older adults may confuse the deterioration with aging, whereas they might have symptomatic hypogonadism. Well, that is where TRT steps in.
Benefits and Drawbacks of TRT
There are loads of well-documented benefits of TRT. That includes increased energy levels, increased libido, beneficial effects on strength, muscle, bone density, and cardioprotective effects. Some studies have also suggested that TRT can lower heart risk. You can also read this study about managing the risks of TRT: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9243576/
There are also several natural Testosterone boosters like Weider Prime that can help without the prescription.
However, along with the benefits, there are many documented side effects. Those side effects include mild fluid retention, acne or oily skin, decreased stream or frequency of urine, breast enlargement, risk of developing prostate abnormalities, and others.
Who Qualifies for TRT and Insurance Coverage?
Basically, doctors will prescribe Testosterone Replacement Therapy to males with hypogonadism. And to get a definitive diagnosis, the blood tests need to show that the male has low testosterone levels. Now, what level of testosterone is actually low?
insurance testosterone coverage
According to American Urological Associate, a low testosterone level indicates that the testosterone level is below 300 ng/dl (nanograms per deciliter). So, how do you know that your testosterone levels are low? Well, these are some common symptoms:
• Low sex drive
• A decline in the sense of well-being
• Erectile dysfunction
• Fatigue
• Depressed mood
• Difficulties with memory and concentration
• Loss of muscular strength
• Irritability and moodiness
Now, doctors state that it is undoubtedly possible to have a low testosterone level and not experience any symptoms. In such cases, a blood test is the only way to be sure that your testosterone level is below average.
How Much Does It Cost to Take TRT without Insurance?
Depending on the TRT type, frequency of administration, and mode, it will cost anywhere from $150 to $1500 a month. Now, when it comes to the types of TRT, there are mainly six. And getting an idea of the cost related to each, you can know how much is TRT without insurance.
Gel
Various solutions and gels are available, with different application methods for TRT. Depending on your pick, you will need to rub the testosterone solution on your skin. Usually, the gel or solution will advise you to rub it on the upper shoulder or arm or to the front and inner side of the thigh.
In this case, the body will absorb testosterone through the skin. Therefore, you will not be capable of taking a shower or bath for a couple of hours after the application. Nonetheless, the typical cost is around $112 for 75 grams of gel.
Injection
Testosterone enanthate and cypionate will be given under the skin or in a particular muscle. The dosage and the frequency of the injections will depend on the symptoms that you have. And although taking injections might sound a little worrying, a family member or you can give the injection right home.
Now, when it comes to the cost, injections can make you spend anywhere from $30 to $300.
Patch
The patch method is the most convenient way of receiving TRT. This patch will contain testosterone (Androderm), and you will need to apply it on your torso or thigh every night. That said, testosterone patches cost around $658 for a supply of 60 patches.
Gum-and-Cheek
The gum-and-cheek method will deliver testosterone through the natural depression of your teeth. This method will rely on a putty-like substance, which you will need to place on the top position of the teeth. It will let the bloodstream absorb the testosterone, allowing the levels to get to a moderate amount.
Nevertheless, the gum-and-cheek putties will cost anywhere from $200 to $500 for a month’s supply.
Nasal
You will need to pump a Natesto (testosterone gel) into your nostrils for the nasal method. This method will lower the risk of the medication transferring from one person to another through the skin. However, nasal delivery can be inconvenient compared to the other delivery method as you need to pump twice or thrice a day.
That being said, for the supply of 11 grams of Natesto, you will need to spend around $467.
Implantable Pellets
As the name suggests, this method involves surgical methods through which testosterone-containing pellets will be implanted under your skin. You must carry out the surgical process every three to six months. And the cost for a supply of 10 pellets is about $1149.
Is Testosterone Testing Covered by Insurance?
Is testosterone free with insurance? The thing is, most health insurance providers will cover the majority of the cost for TRT. However, you need to show that you require TRT. Without that, the insurance providers will not pay a penny. So, basically, TRT is not free.
insurance testosterone coverage
You can also reach out to our tested and reviewed online TRT clinics to see if they may accept your insurance.
Now, regarding how much testosterone test costs with insurance, it will depend on the insurers. For example, some will cover the expenses of the lab and the ongoing prescription cost. The exact amount will depend on several factors, including the specifics of deductibles, treatments, and health plans.
So, what about online TRT? Is online TRT covered by insurance? Well, it is 100 percent legal to purchase testosterone online.
You will still need a prescription and the same things that are applicable for regular purchases will apply online.
Read more on our current favorite online TRT clinic Marek Health if you would like to go the telehealth route.
Frequently Asked Questions
Does blue cross blue shield cover TRT?
Blue Cross Blue Shield will only cover Testosterone testing when it is medically necessary. In such cases, the medical guidelines and criteria need to be met.
Do testosterone injections hurt?
The needle will smoothly glide into your muscle. And during that, your muscle might twitch a little, but it will not be painful.
Does Cigna cover testosterone injections?
In the typical pharmacy benefit of Cigna, injectable testosterone is not covered. In other words, Cigna does not cover testosterone injections.
Does united healthcare cover testosterone injections?
Yes, if the TRT is prescribed by your doctor, United Healthcare Insurance will cover your medications.
Does Aetna cover testosterone injections?
Yes, Aetna will also provide insurance payments for testosterone. Aetna will also require a valid doctor’s prescription for TRT medications.
Conclusion
So, does insurance cover TRT? Testosterone replacement therapy is generally 100 percent out-of-pocket expense. However, some insurers can cover most of the fees, while others will cover some costs. It will basically boil down to which insurance provider you are relying on.
trt for men united cigna aetna
Have you had your TRT (testosterone replacement therapy) covered by your insurance provider?
Let us know in the comments below!
Tess Moser
Latest posts by Tess Moser (see all)
Author
Tess Moser
Tess Moser is a nutritionist who lives in Boulder, CO. A self-proclaimed foodie, Tess loves to experiment with new recipes in the kitchen. When she's not cooking up a storm, Tess enjoys hiking and skiing in the beautiful Colorado mountains.
0 0 votes
Article Rating
Subscribe
Notify of
guest
0 Comments
Inline Feedbacks
View all comments
Spotlight
lindy health spotlight fitfather project
Topics
Staff Writers
cody yurk lindyhealth
Cody Yurk
Founder
Dr. Ian Nellis
Doctor and CoFounder
kate-ross
Kate Ross
Registered Dietitian
Tess Moser
Nutritionist
Matt Mahony
Personal Trainer
0
Would love your thoughts, please comment.x | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
My JavaScript book is out! Don't miss the opportunity to upgrade your beginner or average dev skills.
Tuesday, January 10, 2012
Introducing ObjectHandler
since the discussion about a better Function#bind will probably never end, and since a must have dependency would be the ES6 WeakMap which is in any existent shim leak prone due lack of control via ES5+, I have proposed another way to solve the problem.
ObjectHandler IDL Like
/**
* interface ObjectHandler implements EventListener {
* void handleEvent(in Event evt);
* void remitEvent(in Event evt);
* attribute Object events;
* };
*
* @link http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-2-Events/events.html#Events-EventListener
*/
var ObjectHandler = {
handleEvent: function handleEvent(e) {
var
events = this.events,
type = e.type
;
if (events.hasOwnProperty(type)) {
events[type].call(this, e);
}
},
// it could be called removeEvent too, as you wish
remitEvent: function cancelEvent(e) {
e.currentTarget.removeEventListener(
e.type, this, e.eventPhase === e.CAPTURING_PHASE
);
}
};
Above object is an Abstract implementation. In JavaScript we can borrow methods so whatever "class" would like to implement above behavior should extend the object or borrow those two methods and specify an events property.
Examples
Let's say we have a UI Class which aim is to react to certain events ... let's call it button:
function UIButton(parentNode) {
// add the node
this.el = parentNode.appendChild(
parentNode.ownerDocument.createElement("button")
);
// add quickly events to the node
for (var key in this.events) {
// add the listener ...
// NOTE: nothing to bind, no duplicated entries either
this.el.addEventListener(key, this, false);
}
}
// extends the class
Object.defineProperties(
UIButton.prototype,
{
// implements ObjectHandler
handleEvent: {value: ObjectHandler.handleEvent},
remitEvent: {value: ObjectHandler.remitEvent},
events: {value: {
// only once thanks to remitEvent
click: function (evt) {
alert("only once");
this.remitEvent(evt);
},
// some decoration on actions
mousedown: function (evt) {
this.el.style.border = "1px solid black";
},
mouseup: function (evt) {
this.el.style.border = null;
},
// recicle mouseup behavior
mouseout: function (evt) {
this.events.mouseup.call(this, evt);
}
}}
}
);
// example on window load
this.onload = function () {
new UIButton(document.body);
};
Got it? Events property is simply an object shared through the prototype with properties name that are exactly the equivalent of DOM events name ... easy!
Pros
• memory safe, nothing to bind, trap as bound, and stuff like this ... all instances will share same logic and bind is not even needed, aka: problem solved
• events are defined in a single place, easy to find, maintain, extend
• events are recycled, as it was as example for mouseout, though the instance
• most UI frameworks need the instance rather than the DOM node, to behave accordingly
• ObjectHandler can be used same way for "ObjectTarget", those listeners/able JS implementations, in order to uniform an event driven approach
• no risk to bind twice, no risk to remove the wrong callback, bound or not, it's the instance that makes the deal, not inline functions so it's less error prone
• performances in therms of both memory footprint and operation per each instance ... once again, no need to bind all methods to the instance itself ... what is in events is basically bound automatically through a single entry point, defined in ObjectHandler, for every single use case
Cons
... no idea, I cannot find any and I just like this solution over the Function#bind improvements since it's both cross platform, whenever addEventListener is present, but it can be recycled for any other no DOM use case as long as the event will have a currentTarget property that points to the current instance ( I will write an example/proposal soon ... OK? )
As Summary
The main problem with proposal is adoptions and I would like to know UI Framework users feedbacks. Ideally this way to handle events could become a de facto standard dropping the redundant and massive usage of Function#bind for cases where the focus should be for the instance and not for the callback.
3 comments:
Thomas Aylott said...
I totally agree.
I've actually been doing something similar ever since I learned that add listener accepted an object.
Also, Apple's example code always use this approach.
Andrea Giammarchi said...
I am the one that posted this technique in Ajaxian but for some reason never pushed for this technique based UI frameworks that much ... the last advantage is even the ability, if necessary, to swap realtime behaviors ( state machines ) ..... something that would be a complete mess with bound functions all over the place.
Anonymous said...
I like it! I have never used binding in my code as I never saw the need for it if you program carefully. In fact, except for highfalutin so-called 'experts' using it, it can repidly confuse and discourage new and welcome programmers to the field. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Glossip v. Gross.pdf/32
28
GLOSSIP v. GROSS Opinion of the Court
use of the particular protocol at issue in Baze supported our conclusion that this protocol did not violate the Eighth Amendment, we did not say that the converse was true, i.e., that other protocols or methods of execution are of doubtful constitutionality. That argument, if accepted, would hamper the adoption of new and potentially more humane methods of execution and would prevent States from adapting to changes in the availability of suitable drugs. Fourth, petitioners argue that difficulties with Oklahoma’s execution of Lockett and Arizona’s July 2014 execution of Joseph Wood establish that midazolam is sure or very likely to cause serious pain. We are not persuaded. Aside from the Lockett execution, 12 other executions have been conducted using the three-drug protocol at issue here, and those appear to have been conducted without any significant problems. See Brief for Respondents 32; Brief for State of Florida as Amicus Curiae 1. Moreover, Lockett was administered only 100 milligrams of midazolam, and Oklahoma’s investigation into that execution concluded that the difficulties were due primarily to the execution team’s inability to obtain an IV access site. And the Wood execution did not involve the protocol at issue here. Wood did not receive a single dose of 500 milligrams of midazolam; instead, he received fifteen 50-milligram doses over the span of two hours.8 Brief for Respondents —————— 8 The
principal dissent emphasizes Dr. Lubarsky’s testimony that it is irrelevant that Wood was administered the drug over a 2-hour period. Post, at 20. But Dr. Evans disagreed and testified that if a 750milligram dose “was spread out over a long period of time,” such as one hour (i.e., half the time at issue in the Wood execution), the drug might not be as effective as if it were administered all at once. Tr. 667. The principal dissent states that this “pronouncement was entirely unsupported,” post, at 20, n. 6, but it was supported by Dr. Evans’ expertise and decades of experience. And it would be unusual for an expert testifying on the stand to punctuate each sentence with citation to a | WIKI |
Please nominate your Qt Champions for 2021! https://forum.qt.io/topic/132134/looking-for-the-2021-qt-champions
[QT 4.7.4] [SOLVED] refresh the list of drives in the QFileSystemModel
• Hi,
I have a treeview that is used to display a list of directories/files. So this treeview is associated to a QFileSystemModel (in fact a derived class as I must perform some specific filtering). When I am creating an element under an existing directory, the treeview is automatically updated. According to the documentation I supposed that a QFileSystemWatcher is running somewhere even if I have not created it (I suppose that it is an automatic creation). But, when I am connecting (or disconnecting) an USB key the treeview is not updated. So how can I force the cache of the QFileSystemWatcher to update in this case (and by the way how can I have access to this object)?.
Thanks for your answers
• Ok,
I finally found a way to do what I want. As I'm using my own model, I did a specific process for the root (myComputer) directory. In this case I populating "by hand", using QDir::drives() the content of the tree.
Log in to reply
| ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:Califlowernia
Califlowernia, also known as the Califlowerave, is a California cauliflower rave that started in California during the Roaring 20’s and ended in the Silent 90’s. It was a time where people regardless of age, gender, and ethnicity gathered together in the middle of their town square and stayed there for approximately seven hours to eat, talk, and just gaze in wonder at the “mystical” vegetable that was the cauliflower. | WIKI |
User:Bushra mufti
imrana mujtaba zuberi imrana mujtaba zuberi''' meerut ''d/o late nawab islam mujtaba zuberi meerut and begum khairnunissa etawah w/o late mufti mohsin akhtar kirtpur bijnor born on 10/march/1965 and brought up in meerut and was been educated from alighar muslim university later she did b.lib from agra university and m.a in education and m.a in udru and she was appointed as principal of public school in meerut since 1999 till date political background she also appeared in election from congress party in early 2000 she is an active party member and a social worker''
her father nawab islam mujtaba also known as kothi jannat nisha wala nawab sahab or mujjan miya was the last nawab of meerut he had four daughter out of which three are married in pakistan only second daughter imrana is based in meerut up who after her father have been taking care of his belongings
she have three siblings '''rizwana romana bushra'''
she have four kids ayesha mohsin bushra akhtar mufti faisal mufti fahad | WIKI |
How to Change an Oxygen Sensor
Author Info
Updated: June 14, 2019 | References
The first indication that there is a problem with your vehicle's oxygen sensor is when the "Check Engine" light comes on. A quick check with a handheld diagnostic scanner/reader will confirm that you need to change the oxygen sensor on your vehicle. Depending on the make and model of your vehicle, there will be between two and four O2 sensors located on your exhaust system. There is at least one sensor in front of the catalytic converter, plus one in each of the car’s exhaust manifold.[1] The diagnostic scanner/reader should tell you which bank of sensors has gone bad.
Steps
1. 1
Locate the oxygen sensor on your vehicle by looking for a part that looks like a spark plug that sticks out from the exhaust pipe. It will have an electrical connection attached to it.[2]
2. 2
Disconnect the electrical connection on the oxygen sensor. Use a flat tip screwdriver to push in the tabs and pull the connection apart.[3]
3. 3
Unscrew the oxygen sensor off the exhaust pipe using either an open-end wrench or a special socket made to remove it. The majority of oxygen sensors will take an SAE 78 inch (2.2 cm) wrench.
4. 4
Compare your new oxygen sensor to the old one. If the new one did not come with an electrical connection, but just with the wires stubbed out, you need to do a little work.[4]
• Cut off the old connector from the bad oxygen sensor, strip the wires and solder the wires to the new oxygen sensor. You can also use butt connectors.
• Use heat sensitive shrink tape to seal the connections.
• Follow manufacturer's instructions to know which wires to tie together.
5. 5
Reverse the steps used in removing the oxygen sensor and install the new part. Add a small amount of anti-seize to the threads of the new sensor. Screw it in place clockwise and snug it down with the socket or open-end wrench. Do not over tighten the sensor as you might strip the threads.[5]
6. 6
Plug the electrical connections back in.
7. 7
Turn on the ignition key, but do not start your vehicle. Use the diagnostic scanner/reader to clear the code from the vehicle's computer.
8. 8
Start the car. You should notice an immediate improvement.
Advertisement
Community Q&A
Search
Add New Question
• Question
How long does it take to replace an O2 sensor?
Community Answer
• It should only take a few minutes depending on your experience level.
Thanks! 14 2
• Question
Will a vehicle run without sensors?
Community Answer
• It will run, but poorly since the ECU won't know how efficient parts of the exhaust are. It won't sound very good, and it won't run very well, so I don't recommend it.
Thanks! 4 0
• Question
Do I need to use a special socket when changing an oxygen sensor?
Community Answer
• It can be done in some cases without a special socket, but normally yes you should have the proper socket. Call your local NAPA store to be sure.
Thanks! 9 2
• Question
How many o2 sensors are in my car?
William Gregory Lawler
Community Answer
• It depends on your exhaust system. Probably just two, but it could be four if you have dual exhaust. They are always one in front of the catalytic converter (the skinny muffler looking thing in the exhaust line close to the engine), and the second just downstream from the cat. They are usually rated as S11, S12, S21, and S22 which are designations for bank and front or back. For example, S11 would be bank 1 (which is the #1 plug side for V-type engines) front.
Thanks! 7 2
• Question
Do I need to disconnect the battery when changing out the O2 sensor?
Community Answer
• No, there is no need to disconnect the battery when replacing O2 sensors.
Thanks! 5 6
• Question
How do I locate the oxygen sensor under the hood?
Community Answer
• It is not under the hood. Look for a spark plug-looking part with a wire coming out of it somewhere along your exhaust pipe system. You may have more than one. Unplug the wire at the connector and remove O2 sensor. They do sell a special tool, but you can do it with a crescent wrench. Use some liquid wrench first. Apply anti-seize to the threads of the new O2 sensor for ease of installation and reconnect the wire.
Thanks! 8 18
• Question
Can my vehicle have only 1 oxygen sensor?
Community Answer
• No, this is not possible. There are always a minimal of 2 oxygen sensors to compare values to the ECU.
Thanks! 1 3
• Question
With 133,000 miles on my car, should I replace the less expensive oxygen sensor(s) first, and then see if I need to replace the catalytic converter?
Community Answer
• You should replace it all at once. The oxygen sensors will make sure that your car has plenty of oxygen and won't suffocate and, for that reason, it's important to replace all your oxygen sensors.
Thanks! 2 14
• Question
How do I locate left bank, right bank and numbered sensors on a Suzuki XL7?
Community Answer
• Left bank is the left side of the engine, and right bank would be the right side of the engine as you sit in the car looking out. The sensors would be called upstream and downstream, with upstream being closest to the front and downstream being towards the back of the car.
Thanks! 1 1
• How does the code go away when changing an oxygen sensor?
• Where is the 02 sensor located in my 1987 Mercedes Benz 190E?
• How do I know what o2 sensor my vehicle needs?
• How do I find the oxygen sensor on my Hyundai?
• How do I know how many oxygen sensors my Nissan has?
Show more unanswered questions
Ask a Question
200 characters left
Include your email address to get a message when this question is answered.
Submit
Advertisement
Video
By using this service, some information may be shared with YouTube.
Tips
• A defective catalytic converter can cause an oxygen sensor code to the rear sensor.
7 Helpful? 4
• Penetrating oil sprayed on the old oxygen sensor threads will help loosen a stubborn oxygen sensor.
10 Helpful? 11
• You can ask the parts house where you bought the oxygen sensor to use their reader to clear the codes when you return the tool you borrowed.
5 Helpful? 6
• The parts house where you bought the oxygen sensor will use their diagnostic scanner/reader to tell you which oxygen sensor to change and loan you the special socket wrench.
6 Helpful? 12
Add
Advertisement
Warnings
• Always allow the engine and exhaust system to cool down before you begin work to prevent accidentally burning yourself.
19 Helpful? 12
• You will need to jack up the vehicle to change the oxygen sensors behind the catalytic converter. Be sure to practice good safety by using jack stands and eye protection while you're under the vehicle.
3 Helpful? 6
Advertisement
Things You'll Need
• Oxygen sensor
• Soldering iron or butt connectors
• Heat shrink electrical tape
• Heat gun or butane lighter to shrink the tape
• Open end wrench
• Oxygen sensor removal socket and wrench
• Penetration oil
• Car jack
• Jack stand
• Safety eyeglasses
• Auto diagnostic scanner/reader
• Electrical wire stripper and crimping tool
• Flat bladed screwdriver
About This Article
wikiHow is a “wiki,” similar to Wikipedia, which means that many of our articles are co-written by multiple authors. To create this article, 9 people, some anonymous, worked to edit and improve it over time. Together, they cited 5 references. This article has also been viewed 257,785 times.
475 votes - 89%
Co-authors: 9
Updated: June 14, 2019
Views: 257,785
Did this article help you?
Yes
No
Advertisement | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:1936 Catalan coup attempt
Fascist question
I have noticed that all references to Fascism had been carefully removed from the entry. I am not sure this is the right thing to do. Please let me elaborate somewhat more in detail.
why the issue?
In my edit I was very cautious when categorizing EC. I have not written it was a “Fascist” organization. I defined it as “national-socialist”, which combines info on Nationalist and Socialist penchant of the organization. I do not think any of these denominations can be reasonably questioned. Combining them does not mean that EC was Fascist and Nazi, though indeed it suggests there was something in the air, as discussed below. In both scientific and public discourse there is an ongoing debate on Catalan fascism, and EC and escamots repeatedly come up as related. This is also what I noted in the final review chapter.
examples from ongoing debate
this section is not supposed to demonstrate that EC was Fascist. It is supposed to demonstrate that there is a debate on this, and not few scholars tend to statements that there is something to it.
* “leading some to term them ‘Catalan fascists’” (Payne, Fascism in Spain, p. 126)
* “semi-fascist Estat Catalá movement” (Griffin, Feldman, Fascism: thre social dynamics, p. 152)
* "escamots, ... ‘fascistas’ y ‘aprendices de nazis’” (Culla, Estat Català: la alcantarilla, 2018)
* “nationalist Estat Catala - considered by some to be proto-fascist”, also “fascist character of the Estat Catala and the escamots” (Getman-Eraso, Rethinking the Revolution: Utopia and Pragmatism in Catalan Anarchosyndicalism, p. 196)
* “El Estat Catalá, partido netamente fascista en su espíritu y hasta en su manejo” (de la Cierva, La revolución de octubre: el PSOE contra la república, p. 35)
* “Estat Catala (the separatist semi-fascist)”, (Ugelvik, Hagtvet, Myklebust, p. 794)
* “ha recaído una acusación de fascismo sobre las Juventudes de Esquerra Republicana - Estat Català” (Arnau, Ucelay, Hay fascistas catalanistas, pero no un fascismo catalanista, 2018)
* when referring opinion of other historians - "la demonstración visible de oder nacionalista radical bajo Maciá era muy parecida a un ‘fascismo’", on his own: “fuera verdad o no, las JEREC habián mostrado ser unos ‘fascistas’” (Ucelay-Da Cal, Los ‘malos de la película’, pp. 157, 171)
* Nosaltes Sols! was “clarament influenciat pel feixisme italiá” (Siguán, El projecte català: del passat al futur, p. 54)
* “potencialidad fascista” of EC (Rama, Fascismo y anarquismo en la España contemporánea, p. 38)
* “questa organització [escamots], creada a principis de segle, passa avui per ser l'aixopluc dels nazi- skins catalans” (Viñas, Skinheads a Catalunya, p. 150)
* “Estat Català, la traducción catalana del fascismo” (Anguera de Sojo, Las juventudes de ERC recuperan la fascinación por los fascistas hermanos Badia, 2020)
* “Republicana-Estat Català (JEREC) va esdevenir, sens dubte, la imatge més semblant a un feixisme a la catalana” (Roig i Sanz, Joventuts d’Esquerra Catalanisme radical, nacionalisme integral i feixisme a la Catalunya dels anys trenta: historiografia, teoria i estat de la qüestió, p. 51)
* “se pudiera calificar a Estat Català ... como fascista” (Pujol, El pasado fascista de Esquerra Republicana, 2016)
* “había representado en el pasado una especia de ‘fascismo catalanista’” (Israel Viana, ABC 18.02.2019)
* ”organizaciones de corte fascista” (Benitez, Las juventudes de ERC reivindican el fascismo catalán de los hermanos Badia, 2020)
* “the ERC youth claim the Catalan fascism of the Badia brothers” (editorial, Web24, 2020)
current status in historiographic and public discourse
There are no universally accepted conclusions; currently – at least as far as I can say – the stand prevailing (though not exclusive) in historiography is that there is something to Fascist threads in EC, but that in principle, the organization does not merit the Fascist categorization. In popular discourse the opinions cover much broader spectrum, and it is not difficult to encounter opinions that yes, EC was sort of a Fascist grouping. All this seems quite relevant when discussing the question of a coup d’etat apparently planned by EC in late 1936, as it is related to the problem of violence in politics, radical Nationalism clashing with other political streams, anti-Republican conspiracy, and the complex tangle of international politics, especially in relation to Italy.
flagging the issue is not advancing conclusions
In my edit I did not advance any bold statements ("yes! EC was Fascist!" or “no! EC was clearly anti-Fascist!”); I merely flagged that there is an issue related. Now, you come and carefully remove from the text all references to Fascism. Following your edits, a reader will not learn at all that there is a discussion on the coup, CE, escamots, JEREC and Fascism. This is not improving the article, this is damaging the article. The entry I have written is not a 300-word stub, where indeed info on the Fascist-related debate would not fit and would put the text out of balance. The article I have written is pretty detailed, it covers lots of threads, it is set against a broad background, and it includes a section on historiographic coverage; in such an article a mention of an important related and hotly disputed question is a must.
why arbitary stigmatization elsewhere, and Not a Dicky Bird here?
And one more thing. The English Wikipedia tolerates rather loose application of the “fascist” category, also in case of Spain-related issues. For instance, if you type “fascism in Spain”, you will get re-directed straightforwardly to the entry titled “Falangism”, even though in historiography it is not rare to find some reservations about this qualification, with terms like “quasi-fascism”, “proto-fascism”, “para-fascism”, “fascistoid”, “fascisticized” used. However, all these subtleties are brushed aside in Wikipedia, as it simply equals falangism with fascism. Even the entry on CEDA contains a flamboyant statement that it “tacitly embraced Fascism”, which seems rubbish pure and simple to me. All the above demonstrates that in WP the application of the term “Fascism” is extended rather than abridged. And now comes a user who in this particular case intends to apply the abdridged interpretation. "no no, not Fascism! This is wrong! Let's be careful! Fascism out of the article!" This is odd. Wikipedia editors explicitly and at times at shaky ground stigmatize some groups as Fascist and get away with it, but in case of another group even a careful note that its activity is discussed in relation to Fascism gets edited out.
so what?
re-inserting my carefully crafted notes that there is a Fascist issue in the background. They do not advance any conclusions, form a secondary thread in the entry, and help to complete the picture of the coup in historiography. Regards, --Hh1718 (talk) 11:33, 7 May 2020 (UTC)
A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 12:23, 12 May 2020 (UTC)
* Кольцов На Сарагосу Барселона 9авг17 1936.JPG
Peer review
, have you considered nominating the article for Good Article status via peer review? czar 01:40, 20 May 2020 (UTC)
* Hello Czar, by no means. My experience is that once you float a pretty detailed article on broad WP waters, it gets rough. I mean, many people feel an overwhelming need to improve it. As there are usually very few people familiar with detailed issues, the whole thing soon converts into the author facing a siege against tens of, egh, corrections. Prefer to talk to people who for some reason, usually related to their own interests, stumble over the article. So no, Good Article etc - please no. Anyway, thanks for asking, very kind of you! --Hh1718 (talk) 23:20, 20 May 2020 (UTC)
* , gotcha. For what it's worth, the article has already been floated so it will be edited by others (...which is a good thing!) I've found that reviews by those who know little about the subject tend to suggest edits for clarity and don't challenge subject matter expertise. This makes the article a better read for Wikipedia's general audience. But I hear you and your call. Nice work on this and looking forward to your next articles! czar 02:10, 25 May 2020 (UTC) | WIKI |
Julien Dossena, the creative director of Paco Rabanne, is fueled by an unholy combination of period pieces and futuristic design.
The Designer Updating Space-Age Cool for Today
Growing up in a small fishing village in France near the coast of Brittany, Julien Dossena, the 37-year-old creative director of Paco Rabanne, spent hours sketching speedboats, whales, medieval knights and sultry female superheroes. In his late teens, he turned his focus to fashion: “My dad owned a nightclub, and hanging out there, I became obsessed with evening wear — it felt very ‘Boogie Nights,’” he says. “Then I got into skateboarding culture, ’90s streetwear and grunge through magazines like The Face and i-D.” He also discovered the work of Belgian designers, including Martin Margiela and Ann Demeulemeester, whom he found to be “a refreshing antithesis to the uptight and terrifying world of Paris fashion,” and enrolled at La Cambre National Visual Arts School in Brussels. Afterward, in 2008, he landed an internship at Balenciaga, where he eventually became a senior designer. He left the brand in 2012 and started his own line, Atto, and then took a freelance gig at Paco Rabanne, the Paris label that had struggled to find its footing following the retirement of its Basque founder in 1999. Within months, Dossena was running the show. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Talk:FanDuel Racing
I don't understand you don't need me login but you want me to donate money to you that's crazy
I don't understand you want me to donate money to you but you don't let me log in that's super crazy <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 01:32, 24 August 2023 (UTC) | WIKI |
John WOLENS, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. F.W. WOOLWORTH CO., J.C. Penney Company, Inc., and Wear-Ever Aluminum, Inc., Defendants-Appellees.
Nos. 82-1734, 82-1774.
United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit.
Argued Dec. 2, 1982.
Decided March 10, 1983.
Raymond P. Niro, Hosier, Niro & Daleiden, Chicago, Ill., for plaintiff-appellant.
Herbert C. Brinkman, Wood, Herron & Evans, Cincinnati, Ohio, for defendants-appellees.
Before PELL and BAUER, Circuit Judges, and TIMBERS, Senior Circuit Judge.
William H. Timbers, Senior Circuit Judge for the Second Circuit, sitting by designation.
PELL, Circuit Judge.
Wolens appeals from the district court’s judgment, following a full hearing, that two models of popcorn poppers manufactured by Wear-Ever Aluminum, Inc. and sold by the other named defendants do not infringe his patented hot-air popper. The defendants cross-appeal from the district court’s holding that the Wolens patent was neither obvious nor anticipated by the prior art and is therefore valid.
I. FACTS
A. The Plaintiff and His Patented Device
Wolens began designing a popcorn popper that would utilize hot air in 1971. Initially, Wolens experimented with a recirculating air flow system, one that would recapture the hot air used to pop the corn so that it could be reheated to pop more kernels. Wolens found this concept impractical and abandoned it in favor of a popper that depended upon “charging” hot air into a vessel containing unpopped kernels of corn.
On September 4,1973, United States Letters Patent No. 3,756,139 for “Popcorn Popper” issued to Wolens (Wolens patent). Claim 1 of this patent reads as follows:
1. A device for popping kernels of popcorn comprising:
a receptacle for receiving corn which has been popped;
a popping vessel for receiving kernels of popcorn to be popped, said vessel being arranged within said receptacle; and
means for charging a stream of hot air vertically downward into said popping vessel, said stream of hot air heating kernels of popcorn to be popped in said popping vessel to popping temperature and directing corn which has been popped upward out of said popping vessel into said receptacle.
Dependent claims of the Wolens patent that are relevant to the instant appeal are as follows:
4. The device of claim 1 further including means for covering said receptacle to prevent popped corn from said popping vessel from passing outside said receptacle, said covering means being vented with respect to said receptacle to permit escape of air from said charging means.
6. The device of claim 5 wherein said charging means is supported by said covering means in a position above said receptacle and said popping vessel.
As the claims indicate, the Wolens device includes an inner container called a “popping vessel.” This vessel, in which the unpopped corn is placed, is located within a “receptacle.” A hot air blower, mounted above the popping vessel, charges a stream of hot air into the vessel. The kernels of corn are heated by this stream of air to popping temperature. As the com pops, it is driven out of the popping vessel and into the receptacle.
During prosecution of the Wolens patent, the Examiner cited the following prior art references:
Gillitt Patent No. 1,206,693
Nelson Patent No. 2,606,134
Green Patent No. 2,922,355
Lindemann Patent No. 3,059,567
Gottlieb Patent No. 3,570,388
Wolens’ attorney cited four additional prior art references to the Patent Office. The following three patents were not cited:
Pritchard Patent No. 1,648,005
Grant Patent No. 3,323,440
Wilsey Patent No. 2,241,754
The Patent Office allowed the Wolens patent on first action.
From 1972 through 1979, Wolens tried unsuccessfully to interest several appliance manufacturers in producing hot air popcorn poppers under his patent.
B. The Defendants and the Alleged Infringing Devices
The defendant Wear-Ever Aluminum Inc. (Wear-Ever) manufactures cooking utensils. In 1976, Wear-Ever accepted a proposal for development of a hot-air popcorn popper by Design & Development, Inc. Wear-Ever introduced the resulting device, its Model 72000 popcorn popper, at the January 1978 Housewares Trade Show. On December 18, 1979, United States Patent No. 4,178,843, disclosing the Model 72000 popper, was issued and assigned to Wear-Ever (Crabtree patent).
The Crabtree patent discloses a popper in which heated air is circulated horizontally in a cylindrical popping chamber. The air is introduced into the popping chamber through slanted Vanes near the bottom of the chamber. A fluidized bed of swirling and circulating corn results. As the corn is popped, it is lifted upward by the moving air and the increasing volume of popped corn. It is discharged through an open chute at the top of the popping chamber into a container provided by the user.
The Wolens patent was not among the prior art references cited by the Examiner during the pendency of the Crabtree patent.
In January, 1981, Wear-Ever introduced its Model 73000 corn popper. This model had been designed to counter foreign and domestic competitors who had copied the Model 72000 popper at substantial cost savings. Although the Model 73000 popper differs from the Model 72000 in details of construction, the parties do not dispute the district court’s finding that the Model 73000 popper functions in the same way as the Model 72000 device.
The other defendants in this action, F.W. Woolworth Co. and J.C. Penney Co., Inc., sell the Wear-Ever poppers.
C. Proceedings Below
In 1977 and 1978 Wolens tried to interest Wear-Ever in purchasing his patent. Wear-Ever declined. Wolens brought suit against the defendants, alleging patent infringement, in 1979. The defendants, in turn, challenged the validity of the Wolens patent on cross-appeal.
The suit was tried as to the Model 72000 popper between September 29, 1980 and October 7, 1980. The district court heard the testimony of fourteen witnesses, including four expert witnesses. The court also witnessed twenty-four physical demonstrations involving the actual operation of the Model 72000 and a Wolens prototype popper.
A reopened trial was held on November 4 and 5,1981, to consider Wolens’ allegations of infringement regarding the Model 73000 Wear-Ever popper. The court heard the testimony of three technical experts as well as that of other witnesses. Thirteen additional demonstrations were held.
The district court entered judgment for the defendants on the infringement claim and for the plaintiff on Wear-Ever’s cross-appeal challenging the validity of the Wolens patent.
II. INFRINGEMENT
Wolens’ appeal from the district court’s holding that the two Wear-Ever poppers do not infringe his patent alleges several errors of law including, but not limited to, the assertion that the district court failed to apply the doctrine of equivalents. After setting forth the general rules applicable to an infringement action, we address those arguments that arguably pertain to literal infringement by Wear-Ever. We then discuss Wolens’ assertion that the district judge failed to apply the doctrine of equivalents.
A. General Rules Relevant to Infringement Actions
In a patent infringement action, the plaintiff has the burden of proving infringement. Price v. Kelly, 154 U.S. 669, 670, 14 S.Ct. 1208, 26 L.Ed. 634 (1881). The claims of a patent are what define the scope of the invention. E.g., Smith v. Snow, 294 U.S. 1, 11, 55 S.Ct. 279, 283, 79 L.Ed. 721 (1935). For infringement of a product patent to be found, each element of the claim must be found in the accused structure. E. g., Keating v. Stearnes Imperial Co., 347 F.2d 444, 445 (7th Cir.1965).
The question of infringement is generally a factual determination which will not be disturbed on appeal unless it is clearly erroneous. E.g., Ferment-Acid Corp. v. Miles Laboratories, Inc., 338 F.2d 586, 588 (7th Cir.1964). There is authority for the proposition that when the findings and conclusions of the trial judge regarding infringement are based wholly or primarily upon documentary and physical evidence the reviewing court is free to review the evidence de novo. Nasco Inc. v. Vision-Wrap, Inc., 352 F.2d 905, 908 (7th Cir.1965). This rule is inapplicable, however, when there is also substantial witness testimony introduced in connection with such exhibits; in such a case, the “clearly erroneous” standard applies. Reese v. Elkhart Welding & Boiler Works, Inc., 447 F.2d 517, 520-21 (7th Cir.1971).
The instant case involves a significant amount of witness testimony before the district court, including testimony by technical experts. Much of the physical evidence was introduced through or amplified by this testimony. Consistent with Reese, therefore, Wolens can succeed on appeal only if he demonstrates that the judgment below was clearly erroneous.
B. Literal Infringement
Wolens alleges that the district judge limited the Wolens patent to its drawings rather than its claims, failed to apply the rule of claim differentiation, failed to consider the infringing capability of the Wear-Ever poppers under all conditions of operation, and erroneously relied on the Wear-Ever patents rather than the actual poppers in determining whether infringement existed.
Initially, we note that there is absolutely no support in the record for Wolens’ assertion that the court below relied upon the patents pertaining to the Wear-Ever poppers rather than the actual devices in making his determination. The two models of popcorn poppers were much in evidence at the trials; in fact, demonstrations utilizing the poppers were conducted and were relied upon in the district court’s disposition of the case.
Second, we discuss the Supreme Court precedent relevant to the other arguments posed by Wolens. In Smith v. Snow, 294 U.S. 1, 55 S.Ct. 279, 79 L.Ed. 721 (1935), the Court considered whether the first claim of Smith’s patent for an improved apparatus and method for the incubation of eggs was infringed. At issue was whether the claim required a particular arrangement of eggs within the incubator and a particular means of guiding the current of heated air through the incubator. Both were made explicit in the specifications and drawings relating to Smith’s first claim but neither was stated in the literal language of the claim. Id. at 11, 55 S.Ct. at 284. The Court stated that Smith was not confined to the one particular mode of use “since the claims of the patent, not its specifications, measure the invention.” The specifications are not entirely irrelevant, however, as the Court stated in United States v. Adams, 383 U.S. 39, 49, 86 S.Ct. 708, 713, 15 L.Ed.2d 572 (1966): “[I]t is fundamental that claims are to be construed in the light of the specifications and are to be read with a view to ascertaining the invention.”
The rule of claim differentiation was also relevant to the Supreme Court’s disposition in Snow. Other claims of the Snow patent disclosed how the current of air was to be directed and the direction it would follow. These aspects of the invention were not disclosed in Claim 1. The Court stated: “Thus by striking and obviously intended contrast with other claims, Claim 1 covers broadly the essential elements of the Smith invention as we have already described it.” 294 U.S. at 14, 55 S.Ct. at 284. Claim differentiation requires that limitations of one claim not be “read into” a general claim.
These rules are relevant to Wolens’ allegations that the district court erred in limiting the disclosures of his patent, and particularly his Claim 1, regarding the direction of charged air, the receptacle, and the “vessel within a receptacle.”
1. Direction of Charged Air.
Claim 1 of the Wolens patent recites, in part, a “means of charging a stream of hot air vertically downward.” The district judge found that the Wear-Ever poppers introduce air “into the popping chamber through slanted vanes close to the bottom of the chamber [and it] enters the chamber in a horizontal swirl ... [and] then flows upwardly through the chamber as it circulates and exits from the top thereof.” Wolens’ assertion is that the charging demonstrated by the Wear-Ever poppers is the same as that disclosed in his Claim 1.
Wolens contends that the district court read the limitation of Claim 6 into Claim 1 in disregard of. the Snow rule of claim differentiation. Claim 6 states: “The device of claim 5 wherein said charging means is supported by said covering means in a position above said receptacle and said popping vessel.”
The district judge described the Wolens patent as “disclosing] hot air being introduced from the top of the popping vessel and being directed vertically downward into the vessel.” This finding does not rely in any way on where the charging means is located or how it is supported, the two factors that are the subject of Claim 6; rather, the district judge’s finding virtually restates the language of Wolen’s Claim 1. Relying on the language of the claim is precisely what Snow requires. If the Wear-Ever poppers had a charging device located to the side or near the bottom of the “receptacle” but nonetheless introduced charged hot air vertically downward, the rule of claim differentiation would have relevance to this case. That is not the situation, however, and we find absolutely no authority for the proposition that the rule of claim differentiation requires one to ignore express language in the claim allegedly infringed.
The district judge’s reliance on the express language of Claim 1 also answers Wolens’ objection that his patent was limited to its drawing. The drawing illustrates one means of charging hot air vertically downward.. The district judge’s finding was not that Wear-Ever had achieved a vertically downward charging of air by a different means than that illustrated; it was that no vertically downward charging occurred at all.
Finally, Wolens asserts, supported by testimony based on out-of-court experiments, that the Wear-Ever poppers, when used to pop less than a full load of popcorn, do produce a downward core flow. Wolens states that this core flow, which was allegedly ignored by the district court, is important because it helps form a seal that maintains the thermal energy in the Wear-Ever popping vessels, thereby producing the same result as the vertically downward charged air disclosed in his Claim 1.
The defendants’ evidence, however, based on in-court experiments, indicated that downward core flow was present in the Wear-Ever poppers only during the last portion of the popping cycle. The experiments included one conducted with a quarter load of popcorn. The defendants also demonstrated that the temperature of the downward air flow, when it did occur, was approximately 300° whereas the Wolens patent claimed a temperature of 500°, or at least one high enough actually to heat the kernels to popping temperature.
There is a difference, therefore, between the function of whatever downward flow exists in the Wear-Ever poppers and that in the Wolens device. In the Wear-Ever poppers, the downward flow does not heat the kernels to popping temperature whereas in the Wolens popper it does. Even more significant, however, is the fact that the district court was presented with evidence that differed as to the amount of core flow. The trial judge credited the defendants’ evidence over that offered by the plaintiff. The district judge did not “ignore” core flow as Wolens asserts. Further, the trial judge’s crediting the evidence of the defendants is not clearly erroneous, particularly because the defendants’ evidence was based on experiments performed before the trial judge.
We conclude that the district judge neither ignored nor applied incorrectly the pertinent legal standards in concluding that Wolens’ claim disclosing a vertically downward flow of charged air was not infringed by the Wear-Ever poppers.
2. “Receptacle” and “Vessel Within Receptacle.”
Claim 1 of the Wolens patent also discloses “a receptacle for receiving corn which has been popped” and “a popping vessel for receiving kernels of popcorn to be popped, said vessel being arranged within said receptacle.”
Wolens contends that the district court’s conclusion that the Wolens patent “never contemplated that the user would provide a separate receptacle” indicates that the district court erroneously limited Claim 1 to the specific form of receptacle illustrated in the Wolens patent. There is no basis for this charge. The district judge relied on the language of Claim 1 and the plain meaning of the word “receptacle.” Quoting Webster’s New Collegiate Dictionary, he found that “receptacle” means “one that receives and contains something; a container.” The trial judge concluded that the chute embodied in the Wear-Ever poppers was not any kind of receptacle.
Wolens further asserts that the district judge erroneously read Claim 4 into Claim 1. The relevant portion of Claim 4 includes the limitation that the popper include a “means for covering said receptacle to prevent popped corn ... from passing outside said receptacle.” Wolens reasons that if the claims are properly differentiated, Claim 1 must refer to a receptacle that permits popped corn to pass outside. This argument is not persuasive. The district judge did not rely on the fact that the Wolens receptacle had to be “covered” as disclosed by Claim 6; he merely required that it be a “container” and found that the chute, utilized by the Wear-Ever poppers, was not.
The same erroneous reasoning underlies Wolens’ assertions regarding the district judge’s finding that the Wear-Ever poppers do not include a “popping vessel” located within a “receptacle.” It is not only the drawing of the Wolens patent but the express language of Claim 1 that states this limitation. The fact that the Wear-Ever poppers lack a receptacle is sufficient answer to Wolens’ argument. Even if one agreed with Wolens, however, that the Wear-Ever chute constitutes a receptacle, the Wear-Ever popping vessel is located below and not within the chute. The design of the chute, such that the popped corn is eventually forced through it, does not mean that the vessel lies “within” the chute as Wolens asserts.
3. Summary.
The district court applied the relevant principles of patent law, despite Wolens’ allegations to the contrary. The district judge did no more than limit Wolens’ Claim 1 to the express disclosures in that claim. This is consistent with the established principle that “an applicant who used words of common meaning and finds they do not cover a subsequently created structure will not be permitted to place a new or different meaning that will cover said subsequently appearing structure.” Universal Oil Products Co. v. Globe Oil & Refining Co., 137 F. 2d 3, 6 (7th Cir.1943), aff’d, 322 U.S. 471, 64 S.Ct. 1110, 88 L.Ed. 1399 (1944). In limiting Wolens’ invention to a popcorn popper in which air is charged vertically downward and which contains a popping vessel located “within” “a receptacle,” the judge below made no finding that is clearly erroneous.
G. Doctrine of Equivalents
Wolens contends that even if the Wear-Ever poppers do not literally infringe Claim 1 of his patent, a finding of infringement is inevitable if one correctly applies the doctrine of equivalents. Wolens’ assertion is that the trial judge erred as a matter of law by failing to consider the doctrine.
In Graver Tank & Manufacturing Co. v. Linde Air Products Co., 339 U.S. 605, 608, 70 S.Ct. 854, 856, 94 L.Ed. 1097 (1950), the Supreme Court stated that a patentee may invoke the doctrine of equivalents “to proceed against the producer of a device ‘if it performs substantially the same function in substantially the same way to obtain the same result’ ” (quoting Sanitary Refrigerator Co. v. Winters, 280 U.S. 30, 42, 50 S.Ct. 9, 13, 74 L.Ed. 147 (1929)). In his opinion denying Wolens’ infringement claim, Judge Roszkowski stated: “In order to infringe a patent, the accused structure must utilize substantially the same elements operating in substantially the same way to produce substantially the same result.” Although the trial judge did not use the term “doctrine of equivalents,” the standard upon which he relied clearly embodies the doctrine.
Immediately following the above-quoted statement of the applicable standard, the district judge held that the “plaintiff has not met his burden of proving infringement.” This represents a finding that the Wear-Ever poppers are not the equivalent of the device patented by Wolens. A finding as to equivalence is a question of fact and will not be disturbed on appeal unless it is clearly, erroneous. Graver Tank & Manufacturing Co. v. Linde Air Products Co., 339 U.S. 605, 609-10, 70 S.Ct. 854, 856-57, 94 L.Ed. 1097 (1950).
We must therefore determine whether the district judge’s finding of nonequivalence is clearly erroneous. Wolens raises a threshold question as to the range of equivalents to be accorded his invention, asserting that because his popcorn popper is a “pioneering” invention, it is entitled to the broadest possible range of equivalents. E.g., Hildreth v. Mastoras, 257 U.S. 27, 36, 42 S.Ct. 20, 24, 66 L.Ed. 112 (1921).
Contrary to Wolens’ reading of the opinion below, the trial judge made no explicit finding that the Wolens popper was a pioneering invention. To the extent that such a characterization is even implied, it rests on the district judge’s finding, in the validity rather than the infringement portion of his opinion, that “Wolens conceived of popping popcorn by charging the popping vessel with hot air in a vertically downward direction.... [A]t the time of the Wolens’ invention, there had been no movement by those skilled in the art in the direction of the design which Wolens conceived.”
The district judge, in this statement and throughout the opinion, coupled the concept of “charging” with “hot air [introduced] in a vertically downward direction.” In so doing, he relied on the clear language of Wolens’ Claim 1. Wolens’ interpretation of the doctrine of equivalents, however, would reduce his claim to one disclosing “charging.” He would disregard the requirement that the air be charged vertically downward. Whatever range of equivalents is appropriate to Wolens’ device, the district judge correctly rejected an application that would have so reduced Wolens’ claim.
The Fifth Circuit’s disposition in John Zink Co. v. National Airoil Burner Co., 613 F.2d 547 (5th Cir.1980), on which Wolens relies, is not inconsistent with our conclusion. The Zink patent, at issue in the Fifth Circuit case, referred in Claim 5 to “directing steam radially inward” from tubes having end portions directed radially inward. The NAO device, which was alleged to infringe Claim 5, had nozzles that were canted to one side. Despite this difference, the end portions were still directed inward and steam was directed radially inward. Id. at 558. The Fifth Circuit held that the district court correctly found the NAO device to be the equivalent of that patented by Zink.
Zink is distinguishable from the instant case in two important respects. First, the specific claim of steam directed “radially inward” was achieved in the infringing device whereas the Wear-Ever poppers do not charge air vertically downward. Second, the Fifth Circuit was upholding the judgment below whereas this court is bound to find infringement only if it concludes that the factual finding of the judge below was clearly erroneous.
The requirement of charging a stream of hot air vertically downward is not “substantially the same” as introducing a swirl of hot air below the popcorn. The doctrine of equivalents, as articulated in Graver, therefore does not support Wolens’ contention that Judge Roszkowski’s finding of nonequivalence was clearly erroneous.
Further, even if vertical and horizontal charging were found to be equivalent, a finding of infringement will lie only if the accused device embodies each element of the patented claim. E.g., Keating v. Stearnes Imperial Co., 347 F.2d 444, 445 (7th Cir.1965). Judge Roszkowski’s finding that a “chute” is not the equivalent of a “receptacle” alone would bar Wolens’ claim of infringement. Wolens’ argument regarding the equivalence of the Wear-Ever chute to his receptacle would lead to the absurd result that any charged-air popcorn popper would infringe his patent unless it were designed to spew popcorn randomly about the area in which the popper was located. The district judge correctly avoided such a result by recognizing that the plain meaning of the word “receptacle” prohibits a finding of equivalence.
The Wear-Ever popcorn poppers are neither identical to nor the equivalent of the Wolens’ invention. Had Wolens succeeded in patenting a device whose only claim was to pop kernels of corn by “charging hot air,” his claim of infringement would lie. He apparently did not try, and certainly did not succeed, in obtaining so broad a patent. It is not the province of this court — nor the function of the doctrine of equivalents — to rewrite Wolens’ patent so as to encompass the Wear-Ever poppers. See Universal Oil Products Co. v. Globe Oil & Refining Co., 137 F.2d 3, 6 (7th Cir.1943), aff’d, 322 U.S. 471, 64 S.Ct. 1110, 88 L.Ed. 1399 (1944); accord, Ellipse Corp. v. Ford Motor Co., 452 F.2d 163, 169 (7th Cir.1971), cert. denied, 406 U.S. 948, 92 S.Ct. 2041, 32 L.Ed.2d 337 (1972).
III. VALIDITY OF PATENT
The defendants assert two grounds of error regarding the district judge’s conclusion that the Wolens patent is valid. First, they assert that the trial court erroneously accorded the patent a presumption of correctness. Second, the defendants argue that the district court erroneously applied the standards enunciated in Graham v. John Deere Co., 383 U.S. 1, 17, 86 S.Ct. 684, 693, 15 L.Ed.2d 545 (1966), for determining obviousness. We discuss each in turn.
A. Presumption of Validity
As this court stated in Chicago Rawhide Manufacturing Co. v. Crane Packing Co., 523 F.2d 452 (7th Cir.1975), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 1091, 96 S.Ct. 887, 47 L.Ed.2d 103 (1976), there are two aspects to the presumption of validity accorded a patent. The first is procedural: the burden of establishing invalidity is on the challenger. This aspect of the presumption is constant in that it is unaffected by the amount of prior art cited or relied upon by the Patent Examiner. Id. at 458. The second aspect of the presumption is that
if it appears that the prior art which is cited to establish invalidity in a judicial proceeding had already been considered by the Patent Office, the burden of overcoming the presumption of validity then rests heavily on the person attacking the patent. He must make a “clear and cogent” showing in order to prevail.
Id. It is the second aspect of the presumption that is at issue in this case.
The defendants argue that the district judge erroneously applied the “clear and convincing” standard in this case because the Patent Examiner failed to cite three relevant prior patents, as enumerated in Section 1(A), supra, in prosecution of the Wolens patent.
The judge below reasoned that because these three patents were classified in one or more of the search subclasses searched by the Patent Examiner, one could conclude that the three patents were examined and were discarded as being no more relevant than the prior art which the Examiner did cite. E.g., Panduit Corp. v. Burndy Corp., 517 F.2d 535, 538 n. 2 (7th Cir.1975), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 987, 96 S.Ct. 395, 46 L.Ed.2d 304. The defendants urge, however, that the Panduit rule is no longer viable in this circuit. They rely on cases stating that one may not assume that a Patent Examiner has considered prior art that is not cited but must presume, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, that the prior art was overlooked. Medical Laboratory Automation, Inc. v. Labcon, Inc., 670 F.2d 671, 673 (7th Cir.1981); Dual Manufacturing & Engineering, Inc. v. Burris Industries, Inc., 619 F.2d 660 (7th Cir.1980) (en banc), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 870, 101 S.Ct. 208, 66 L.Ed.2d 90; Chicago Rawhide Manufacturing Co. v. Crane Packing Co., 523 F.2d 452, 458 (7th Cir.1975), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 1091, 96 S.Ct. 887, 47 L.Ed.2d 103 (1976); USM Corp. v. SPS Technologies, Inc., 514 F.Supp. 213, 237-38 (N.D.Ill.1981), vacated in part on other grounds, 694 F.2d 505 (7th Cir.1982).
Both the Panduit rule and the rule recently restated in Labcon are well established in this circuit. They are not contradictory; rather, they address different situations. Neither the Labcon decision, nor the earlier cases cited by the defendants, specifically address the situation in which an Examiner has searched a subclass in which the relevant but uncited prior art is classified. In USM Corp. v. SPS Technologies, Inc., 514 F.Supp. 213 (N.D.Ill.1981), vacated in part on other grounds, 694 F.2d 505 (7th Cir.1982), SPS’s own patent counsel had himself searched the class in which the relevant prior patent was asserted to be filed and could not locate it. In this context, the district court stated that “SPS cannot be heard to ask this court to presume for its benefit that the Parker patent was not cited because it was irrelevant.” 514 F.Supp. at 238. Chicago Rawhide and Dual Manufacturing merely state the rule on which the defendants rely; there is no discussion as to what subclasses had been searched. The Labcon case involved a device, urged as prior art, for which a patent was pending at the time the patent in suit was granted. The appellants’ argument, which was rejected by this court, was that the pending patent must have been considered because both applications were considered by the same Patent Examiner.
None of the cases relied upon by the defendants rejects the rule in Panduit. Our conclusion that the rule stated in Lab-con is not an erosion of Panduit is strengthened by the reliance of the Labcon and the Chicago Rawhide courts on a Seventh Circuit case that predates Panduit, Milton Manufacturing Co. v. Potter-Weil Corp., 327 F.2d 437 (7th Cir.1964). Panduit is directly applicable to the case at bar. The district court was therefore correct in requiring the defendants to prove invalidity by clear and convincing evidence.
B. Obviousness of the Wolens Device
The considerations relevant to obviousness are stated in Graham v. John Deere Co., 383 U.S. 1, 17, 86 S.Ct. 684, 693, 15 L.Ed.2d 545 (1966). The factual inquiries mandated by Graham are: (1) the scope and content of the prior art; (2) the differences between the prior art and the claims at issue; and (3) the level of ordinary skill in the art. These factual determinations support a conclusion as to whether the claimed subject matter would have been obvious to one skilled in the art. This legal conclusion is one as to which a reviewing court may make an independent judgment. E.g, E-T Industries, Inc. v. Whittaker Corp., 523 F.2d 636, 641 (7th Cir.1975), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 870, 97 S.Ct. 182, 50 L.Ed.2d 150 (1976).
In applying the Graham factors, the judge below found that all the prior art pertaining to a hot-air popcorn popper taught that the hot air should be “introduced into the popping vessel at a point below the bed of raw popcorn, passed upwardly through the bed, and then drawn away from the popping vessel so that it can be recirculated and reused.” The prior art differs, therefore, from the subject matter claimed by Wolens in that charging was not previously disclosed and the hot air had previously been introduced from below the kernels. The district judge also found that the ordinary level of skill in the art at the time of the Wolens invention was that attributable to those with college degrees in engineering and business. Based upon these determinations, the district judge concluded that the Wolens invention was not obvious.
The defendants implicitly reject the district judge’s findings as to the difference between the Wolens invention and the prior art. They assert that the device patented by Wolens was merely a new combination or rearrangement of old ideas: a receptacle; a vessel for holding the kernels to be popped; and the use of hot air. The defendants virtually ignore the portion of Wolens’ Claim 1 which discloses a stream of hot air charged vertically downward. They support their position by urging that Wolens himself has disclaimed the importance of “downward charging” before this court.
Wolens has not disclaimed the importance of charging, although he has urged this court to read his patent as claiming upward or horizontal as well as vertically downward charging. See Section II, infra.
The defendants also argue that Wolens attached little significance to “charging” at the time of his patent application because he neither defined the term nor elaborated on the advantages of charging. Insofar as this argument purports to reflect Wolens’ view of his invention, it is inconsistent with his specific disclosure of “charging” in Claim 1. To the extent that the defendants suggest Wolens had a duty to define the term or to specify its advantages, the argument cannot overcome the presumption of validity attributable to a patent that was granted without challenge.
We find no error in the district judge’s conclusion that Wolens’ invention is distinguishable from the prior art because of Wolens’ disclosure of “vertically downward charging” of hot air. Because the concept of charging was a departure from the prior art, the defendants’ assertion that Wolens merely altered the direction of air flow disclosed in the prior art is without merit. He both altered the direction of the air flow and disclosed, for the first time, the concept of charging.
We further find that the district judge’s holding that the Wolens device was not obvious, 35 U.S.C. § 103, is not erroneous as a matter of law. The district judge ascribed a relatively high level of education to those skilled in the art. In this context, it is significant that Wolens was the first to design a hot air popper utilizing vertically downward charging.
CONCLUSION
The district judge correctly concluded that the defendants-cross-appellants had failed to prove by clear and convincing evidence that the Wolens invention was obvious at the time the patent was granted. Wear-Ever and the other named defendants have not infringed the Wolens’ patent because the two models of Wear-Ever popcorn poppers do not contain a receptacle and do not depend on a flow of vertically downward charged air. The Wear-Ever poppers are not the equivalent of the device patented by Wolens.
Having considered all the arguments urged by the parties to this appeal, the judgment of the district court on both the issues of infringement and validity is affirmed.
Both parties have appealed from the judgment of the district court; we are unable to say that the defendants’ cross-appeal was merely a defensive maneuver; accordingly, the parties shall bear their respective costs.
Affirmed.
APPENDIX
WOLENS
CRABTREE PATENT
. “Charging,” as used in this context means to pressurize, thereby storing thermal energy and increasing the heat content.
. An illustration of the Wolens popper, which appears in the district court’s opinion as well, is reproduced in the Appendix to this opinion. Because one of Wolens’ contentions before this court is that the judge below erroneously limited his patent to the illustration, we expressly note that the illustration represents one embodiment of the patented device.
. An illustration of the device disclosed by the Crabtree patent appears in the Appendix to this opinion.
. The differences between the two models create no issue relevant to this appeal. The Model 72000 and Model 73000 poppers are therefore referred to collectively as the “Wear-Ever poppers.”
. It is unclear whether Wolens believes that the district court would have found literal infringement had it not erred in the ways enumerated in Section 11(B), infra, or whether these arguments are intended as subsidiary points pertinent to Wolens’ allegation that the district judge failed to apply the doctrine of equivalents. We discuss the arguments in Section 11(B) first because we find them analytically distinct from the question whether the judge below applied correctly the doctrine of equivalents.
. The district court in fact found that the Wear-Ever poppers do not include a “vessel” within the teaching of the Wolens patent. We do not imply disagreement with this conclusion. We neither need to nor do address this question in light of our disposition regarding the other points on which Wolens relies.
. Although Judge Roszkowski’s finding appears in the portion of his opinion denominated “Conclusions of Law,” he expressly stated in footnote: “Any conclusion of law which may be more properly termed a finding of fact shall be deemed a finding of fact.”
. The defendants do not specifically challenge the trial court’s finding that the Wolens device was not anticipated by the prior art. See 35 U.S.C. § 102. As our discussion regarding the defendants’ assertion that the Wolens device was obvious, id. § 103, indicates, the district judge was correct in his holding that patentability was not precluded by Section 102.
. The district judge also relied upon the fact , that the Pritchard patent was cited in the Green patent which in turn had been cited by the Examiner. Further, the district judge noted that the Grant patent was issued by the same Examiner who issued the patent in suit. Medical Laboratory Automation, Inc. v. Labcon, Inc., 670 F.2d 671, 673 (7th Cir.1981), suggests that the issuance of the Grand and Wolens patents by the same Examiner would not, in itself, support a presumption that the Examiner had discarded the Grant patent as no more relevant than the prior art that was cited.
. The cross-appellants also urge that the presumption of validity was erroneously accorded the Wolens device because the invention was merely a combination of old elements. Because we find the defendants’ characterization of the Wolens popper inaccurate, see Section III(B), infra, we need not discuss this argument further.
| CASELAW |
User:03md/Projects
* List of ATP number 1 ranked players - failed FLC, needs resubmitting
* Rose Bowl series (with User:The Rambling Man) - doing
* List of Davis Cup champions
* List of Test cricket grounds - doing
* List of music releases from Fame Academy contestants - failed FLC, needs resubmitting
* List of music releases from Popstars contestants - at Peer Review
* List of music releases from Pop Idol contestants - at Peer Review
* List of music releases from The X Factor (UK) contestants - doing
* List of Premier League managers
* List of Premier League stadia (with User:The Rambling Man)
* List of Premier League seasons - doing
* List of Olympic medalists in tennis - doing
* Saturdays of Thunder - GA review
* The Otto Show
* WTA Tour seasons
* Years in English football templates/club season articles
* WC/Euro etc. qualification articles
* DYK attempts | WIKI |
Page:Guy Mannering Vol 3.djvu/41
Rh "I wish to ask the name, sir, of the family to whom this stately ruin belongs?"
"It is my property, sir; my name is Glossin."
"Glossin—Glossin?" repeated Brown, as if the answer was somewhat different from what he expected, "I beg your pardon, Mr Glossin, I am apt to be very absent.—May I ask if the castle has been long in your family?"
"It was built, I believe, long ago, by a family called Mac-Dingawaie," answered Glossin, suppressing for obvious reasons the more familiar sound of Bertram, which might have awakened the recollections which he was anxious to lull to rest, and slurring with an evasive answer the question concerning the endurance of his own possession.
"And how do you read the half-defaced motto, sir, which is upon that scroll above the entablature with the arms?"
"I—I—I really do not exactly know," replied Glossin. | WIKI |
Announced U.S. Job Cuts Rose 5.3% in June, Challenger Says
Employers in the U.S. announced more
job cuts in June than a year earlier, the first increase since
February and a sign the labor market is struggling to improve. Planned firings rose 5.3 percent to 41,432 last month from
June 2010, according to figures released today by Chicago-based
Challenger, Gray & Christmas Inc. Job-cut announcements were led
by government agencies. The figures are consistent with others indicating weaker
demand in the first half of 2011 has prompted some companies to
trim their workforces. Employers in June probably boosted
payrolls at a pace that failed to reduce the jobless rate,
according to a Bloomberg News survey before a report in two
days. “The employment picture remains a bit cloudy,” John A. Challenger, chief executive officer of Challenger, Gray &
Christmas, said in a statement. “Hiring is coming in spurts and
is not quite robust enough to make a significant dent in
unemployment.” Announced job reductions in the first half of 2011 were
down 17 percent from the same period in 2010. Compared with May,
job-cut announcements climbed 12 percent. Because the figures
aren’t adjusted for seasonal effects, economists prefer to focus
on year-over-year changes rather than monthly numbers. Government and non-profit agencies led the firings with
10,176 announcements in June. Government job cuts in the first
six months of 2011 totaled 77,591, down from 99,676 firings at
the same time in 2010. Cuts in Connecticut Connecticut Governor Dannel Malloy announced a plan last
week to cut about 6,500 jobs after workers rejected a proposal
to close the state’s $1.6 billion budget gap that would include
some union pay and benefit concessions. Union leaders have until
Aug. 31 under the proposal to revive the concession deal and
avoid job cuts. Today’s report showed California led all states with 3,090
announced job cuts in June, followed by Texas with 2,945. Hiring plans picked up in June, the report showed.
Employers announced plans to add 15,498 workers, up from 11,732
in the same month last year. Payrolls climbed by 100,000 workers in June, after a 54,000
increase that was the smallest in eight months, a Labor
Department report is expected to show on July 8, according to
the median forecast of a Bloomberg News survey. Economists
predict the unemployment rate will remain at 9.1 percent in
June. Cuts at Gannett The slow economic recovery is part of the reason Gannett
Co. is eliminating about 700 jobs in its community-newspaper
unit, Bob Dickey president of Gannett’s U.S. community
publishing division said in a memo. Bethesda, Maryland-based
Lockheed Martin Corp. (LMT) also announced that it will fire about
1,500 employees from its aeronautics business unit. The aerospace and defense industry has announced 20,857
planned firings so far in 2011, compared with 6,121 in the same
period a year ago, according to today’s report. Challenger’s data do not always correlate with figures on
payrolls or first-time jobless claims as reported by the
government. Many job cuts are carried out through attrition or
early retirement. Some employees whose job are eliminated find
work elsewhere in their companies and many announced staff
reductions never take place because business improves. The
totals also include foreign affiliates. To contact the reporter on this story:
Jillian Berman in Washington
jberman13@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Christopher Wellisz at
cwellisz@bloomberg.net | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Page:The Moor of Venice.djvu/23
12
It does not however appear in the Tragedy, that Iago actually practised on the virtue of Desdemona, as he does in the Tale; for, as Mr. Knight observes, "It is a part of the admirable knowledge of human nature possessed by ShakspereShakespeare [sic], that Iago does not, even for a moment entertain the thought of tampering with the virtue of Desdemona, either through Cassio or Roderigo, or any other instrument." No, in all probability ShakspereShakespeare [sic] departed in this instance from the Novel, purposely to bring this highest testimony to the virtue of Desdemona; her purity was not only superior to assault or artifice, but above the reach of trial: had she been tried, and remained firm, her virtue would have been heroic,—removed from the possibility of trial, it is divine. And here we observe the well-balanced contrast to the villainy of Iago: the characters are extremes, or they would not correspond.
Minor points of comparison will suggest themselves on a perusal of the Story. In the latter, the Ensign, at the entreaty of the Moor, attacks and wounds the Captain; but in the Play it is a natural conclusion of Iago's treatment of Roderigo to induce him to do the deed: this perfects the plot as regards Roderigo; he had been the dupe and tool of Iago as long as he could serve his purposes; but | WIKI |
Talk:The Lordly Hudson
Copyright of poem
Goodman renewed copyright for only some of his poems in Five Young American Poets, 2nd Series (1941). "Poem" as "The Lordly Hudson" was first titled (and ostensibly first published) is included, but it's unclear whether that is referring to one of two poems titled "Poem" in Goodman's selections. czar 21:08, 15 January 2023 (UTC) | WIKI |
Gilwell Scouts Nature Park Sandakan
Gilwell Scouts Nature Park Sandakan (Gilwell SNP Sandakan) is located in Sandakan, Sabah on the isle of Borneo in Sabah, which is the second largest state in the federation of Malaysia and shares the island of Borneo with Sarawak, Brunei and Indonesia Kalimantan.
It is an environmental educational park that is operated and owned since August 15, 2003 by Persekutuan Pengakap Malaysia Cawangan Sabah (PPMCS), the largest youth organisation in Sabah and a member state of the Scouting federation in Malaysia. Gilwell SNP Sandakan currently has more than 25 attractions, facilities and growing. Gilwell SNP Sandakan emphasises efforts in environmental management and education to contribute in achieving United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, and Sabah State's social and biodiversity objectives.
The World Organization of Scout Movement certified and accredited Gilwell SNP Sandakan as part of its Scout Centre for Excellence in Nature, Environment and Sustainability (SCENES) network on May 12, 2021. This is a significant milestone for Scouting in Malaysia, considering World Organization of Scout Movement has certified 38 others worldwide, of which only 3 (including Gilwell SNP Sandakan) are located in Asia Pacific. The accreditation of Gilwell SNP Sandakan, Malaysia as part of the global SCENES network is a watershed moment and matter of national pride. The SCENES charter from World Organization of Scout Movement was signed by its Secretary General Ahmad Alhendawi, Persekutuan Pengakap Malaysia national Chief Scout Commissioner Maj. Gen. Prof. Dato' Dr. Mohd Zin Bidin (R)and PPMCS State Chief Commissioner Datuk Awang Zaini bin Suntim JP. It seeks to promote and educate Scouts, communities, partners and foreign visitors about sustainable living and practices as an environmental educational park. As such, Gilwell SNP Sandakan satisfies three mandatory SCENES criteria i.e. have a natural area, provide environmental education and practice environmental management. This marks another new chapter for Scouting in Sabah, which started with the first Scouts and Scout Troop in Sandakan in 1913, credited to Reverend Canon Thomas Cecil Alexander, part of the Anglican Mission. He is credited as the founder of the Scout movement in North Borneo and continued to serve until 1926 before returning to England. There is a letter, dated December 22, 1913, written by Reverend Canon Thomas Cecil Alexander to Colonel H.S. Brownrigg in England, who was then Commissioner for Overseas Dominions and Colonies at that time, informing about the establishment of the first Scout group in North Borneo. This historical letter is archived and preserved at PPMCS Headquarters which is B-P House Sabah in Kota Kinabalu. Colonel H.S. Brownrigg is one of three persons instrumental in organising the historical King's Rally at Windsor Great Park on Tuesday, July 4, 1911, attended by 30,000 Scouts. The other two were Sir Herbert Plumer and Percy Everett.
The Government of Sabah has granted the land title for Gilwell SNP Sandakan to PPMCS, which employs and operate it with seven (7) full-time employees since 2017. The park was established on August 15, 2003, as part of preparations to commemorate 100 Years of Scouting in Sabah or Scouting Centennial Anniversary in Sabah, in 2013. The Sabah State Government gazetted District (Bil Pelan 07125491) for Scouting purposes as per Land Ordinance Chapter 68 Declaration of Land Reserved for State Land Sandakan District Under Section 28 (1) (No. JKM PHB 600-2/56 (8)) dated September 1, 2015 after approval from then Sabah State Chief Minister Datuk Musa Hj Aman on August 11, 2005, in perpetuity with no expiry term. By default, the Government of Sabah Chief Minister is Gilwell SNP Sandakan's Patron.
Land area
The land area of Gilwell SNP Sandakan is 12 acres with less than 2 acres developed. This minimal land use allows about 10 acres left untouched, preserving its natural environment and vegetative state. The 2 acres house permanent structures (e.g. Main Office, Main Hall, Amateur Radio Hut, etc.), roadworks, equipment and utilities (e.g. water pump hut, nursery), marked for three campsites; Meliau, Cengal and Belian. It is surrounded by natural primary and secondary tropical jungle and acts as a designated water catchment area for the district of Sandakan. The preservation of forest coverage in this area, including Gilwell SNP Sandakan, mitigates unexpected rising water level during the monsoon season from several tributary streams which borders Sandakan and neighbouring districts. Asides flood control, the protected area helps minimise landslides and thus ensures the safety of populations in Sandakan and nearby areas. In Jan 2022, Sandakan was among areas badly affected by the seasonal monsoon.
Impact of Covid-19
In October 2020, Sabah was rated as having record the most COVID-19 deaths in Malaysia at 43 from a national fatality total of 167. This was due to Sabah suffering its second wave of the pandemic. Sandakan reported 97 new daily cases alone, the highest in Sabah on Oct 14, 2020. With the on-going vaccination programme, the number of infection subsided and Sandakan reported only 14 new cases on April 13, 2022. Giwell SNP Sandakan is re-opening in June 2022 after being closed since March 2020.
Distance to Town and Airport
Gilwell SNP Sandakan is located within a 5-minute drive from the centre of Sandakan, Sabah, with good access from public transport and a mere 12 minutes or 7.8 km from Sandakan International Airport. There are numerous direct flights to Sandakan making Gilwell SNP Sandakan easily accessible from various destinations like 45 minutes by flight from Kota Kinabalu, state capital of Sabah; 3 hours by flight from Kuala Lumpur International Airport, Kuala Lumpur, capital of Malaysia; 6 hours 25 minutes by flight from Suvarnabhumi Airport, Bangkok, Thailand; 8 hour 10 minutes from Hong Kong International Airport, Hong Kong and Soekarno-Hatta International Airport, Jakarta, Indonesia; 9 hours and 5 minutes from Incheon International Airport, Seoul, Korea and; 10 hours and 15 minutes from Ninoy Aquino International Airport, Manila, Philippines. | WIKI |
Effects of fasting on hepatic and peripheral glucose metabolism in conscious rats with near-total fat depletion
N. Barzilai, D. Massillon, L. Rossetti
Research output: Contribution to journalArticle
19 Scopus citations
Abstract
Experimental diabetes and fasting are both associated with hypoinsulinaemia and share several other metabolic features. We investigated hepatic and peripheral glucose metabolism in young rats after near-total depletion of their fat mass. Conscious rats were fasted for 72 h (n = 13), while 6 h-fasted animals (n = 14) served as controls. Rats were studied either during saline infusion or insulin (18 m-units/kg per min)-clamp studies. In fasting, despite a 2-fold increase in hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase (Glc-6-Pase) V(max.) (from 16 ± 2 μmol/g of liver per min in control; P < 0.001), the basal hepatic glucose production (HGP) decreased by 47% [from 88 ± 3 μmol/kg lean body mass (LBM) per min in control; P < 0.01]. The decreased HGP in fasting was associated with a 70% decrease in the hepatic levels of glucose 6-phosphate (Glc-6-P) (from 366 ± 53 nmol/g wet wt. in control; P < 0.01). Thus Glc-6-Pase activity assayed in the presence of the Glc-6-P levels found in vivo was decreased by 44%. During hyperinsulinaemia, peripheral glucose uptake was decreased by 15% with 3 days of fasting (from 272 ± 17 μmol/kg LBM per min in control; P < 0.01). This was completely accounted for by a 42% decrease in whole-body glycolysis (P < 0.01), while the rate of glycogen synthesis was unchanged. Thus fasting (after near-total fat depletion) differs from experimental diabetes because: (1) despite markedly increased Glc-6-Pase, HGP is decreased in fasting, due to a marked decrease in the substrate level (Glc-6-P) in vivo; and (2) the impairment in peripheral insulin sensitivity in fasting is due to a decrease in the glycolytic, and not the glycogen-synthetic, pathway.
Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)819-826
Number of pages8
JournalBiochemical Journal
Volume310
Issue number3
DOIs
StatePublished - Jan 1 1995
ASJC Scopus subject areas
• Biochemistry
• Molecular Biology
• Cell Biology
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Effects of fasting on hepatic and peripheral glucose metabolism in conscious rats with near-total fat depletion'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
• Cite this | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
POJ2251：Dungeon Master(BFS)
Description
You are trapped in a 3D dungeon and need to find the quickest way out! The dungeon is composed of unit cubes which may or may not be filled with rock. It takes one minute to move one unit north, south, east, west, up or down. You cannot move diagonally and the maze is surrounded by solid rock on all sides.
Is an escape possible? If yes, how long will it take?
Input
The input consists of a number of dungeons. Each dungeon description starts with a line containing three integers L, R and C (all limited to 30 in size).
L is the number of levels making up the dungeon.
R and C are the number of rows and columns making up the plan of each level.
Then there will follow L blocks of R lines each containing C characters. Each character describes one cell of the dungeon. A cell full of rock is indicated by a ‘#’ and empty cells are represented by a ‘.’. Your starting position is indicated by ‘S’ and the exit by the letter ‘E’. There’s a single blank line after each level. Input is terminated by three zeroes for L, R and C.
Output
Each maze generates one line of output. If it is possible to reach the exit, print a line of the form
Escaped in x minute(s).
where x is replaced by the shortest time it takes to escape.
If it is not possible to escape, print the line
Trapped!
Sample Input
3 4 5
S....
.###.
.##..
###.#
#####
#####
##.##
##...
#####
#####
#.###
####E
1 3 3
S##
#E#
###
0 0 0
Sample Output
Escaped in 11 minute(s).
Trapped!
简单的BFS，只是把四个方向改成了六个方向罢了
#include <iostream>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <queue>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
char map[35][35][35];
int vis[35][35][35];
int k,n,m,sx,sy,sz,ex,ey,ez;
int to[6][3] = {{0,0,1},{0,0,-1},{0,1,0},{0,-1,0},{1,0,0},{-1,0,0}};
struct node
{
int x,y,z,step;
};
int check(int x,int y,int z)
{
if(x<0 || y<0 || z<0 || x>=k || y>=n || z>=m)
return 1;
else if(map[x][y][z] == '#')
return 1;
else if(vis[x][y][z])
return 1;
return 0;
}
int bfs()
{
int i;
node a,next;
queue<node> Q;
a.x = sx,a.y = sy,a.z = sz;
a.step = 0;
vis[sx][sy][sz] = 1;
Q.push(a);
while(!Q.empty())
{
a = Q.front();
Q.pop();
if(a.x == ex && a.y == ey && a.z == ez)
return a.step;
for(i = 0; i<6; i++)
{
next = a;
next.x = a.x+to[i][0];
next.y = a.y+to[i][1];
next.z = a.z+to[i][2];
if(check(next.x,next.y,next.z))
continue;
vis[next.x][next.y][next.z] = 1;
next.step = a.step+1;
Q.push(next);
}
}
return 0;
}
int main()
{
int i,j,r;
while(scanf("%d%d%d",&k,&n,&m),n+m+k)
{
for(i = 0; i<k; i++)
{
for(j = 0; j<n; j++)
{
scanf("%s",map[i][j]);
for(r = 0; r<m; r++)
{
if(map[i][j][r] == 'S')
{
sx = i,sy = j,sz = r;
}
else if(map[i][j][r] == 'E')
{
ex = i,ey = j,ez = r;
}
}
}
}
memset(vis,0,sizeof(vis));
int ans;
ans = bfs();
if(ans)
printf("Escaped in %d minute(s).\n",ans);
else
printf("Trapped!\n");
}
return 0;
}
原文作者：BFS
原文地址: https://blog.csdn.net/libin56842/article/details/23702395
本文转自网络文章，转载此文章仅为分享知识，如有侵权，请联系博主进行删除。
点赞 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Farrar's Island
Farrar's Island is a peninsula on the west side of the James River in Chesterfield County, Virginia. It is the site of the Dutch Gap Conservation Area and Boat Landing and the Henricus Historical Park. Originally, Farrar's Island was formed by a meander loop in the James River and lay on the east side of the James River. At its smallest point, the neck of the peninsula was less than 400 ft wide. At that time, Farrar's Island was slightly less than 700 acre and lay about 15 mi south of the James River fall line at Richmond, Virginia.
Due to its strategic location on the river, the neck of the peninsula became the site of the earliest English settlements in Virginia, Henricus, was founded by Sir Thomas Dale in 1611. Farrar's Island acquired its name after 1637 when the Farrar family obtained ownership as fulfillment the headright due to William Farrar, an early settler who was councillor and commissioner of the Crown Colony of Virginia. The Farrar family owned the peninsula until 1737 when it was sold to Thomas Randolph.
During the last year of the American Civil War, Farrar's Island played a minor role in the Bermuda Hundred campaign. The James River along the peninsula anchored the left flank of Union General Benjamin Butler's defensive line. At this time, Farrar's Island was the site of river defenses by both Union and Confederate to deny the use of the James River to the enemy. The James River around Farrar's Island was also the site of one of the last major naval engagements of the war, the Battle of Trent's Reach. During the war, Farrar's Island became a true island when General Butler's troops built the Dutch Gap Canal, across the neck of the peninsula.
In the 1870s, the Dutch Gap Canal was expanded to become the main channel of the James River, which allowed shipping to bypass the meander loop around Farrar's Island. The construction of the canal put Farrar's Island on the west side of the James River and it evolved into its present form with a tidal lagoon surrounded by woods and wetlands.
Colonial history
In colonial history, Farrar's Island was technically a peninsula or a neck of land. However, in 17th century Virginia when the land was acquired by the Farrar family, a neck of land mainly surrounded by a river could also be known as an island. At its most narrow point, the neck was less than 200 yards wide and its elevation above the James River varied from 3 feet to about 49 feet. In the original patent that gave the land to William Farrar, the peninsula was called an island; though in the will of his son, his namesake, the land was called a neck. By the time of the American Civil War, the peninsula had acquired its common name of Farrar's Island.
At the time of English-Native American contact period starting around 1607, the area around Farrar's Island was associated with the Arrohattoc, a tribe within the Powhatan Confederacy. The tribe's village of Arrohateck is depicted in John Smith and William Holes's map of 1607 Virginia as located approximately on the east side of the James River approximately 5 leagues (15 miles) south of the river's fall line. However, Arrohateck village was apparently deserted by the time the English began settling in the area.
The first English settlement on Farrar's Island was Henricus, which was founded in 1611 by Sir Thomas Dale who the deputy-governor of the Virginia Colony. The settlement was located on the neck of the peninsula, which was near the location of the former village of Arrohateck. The founding of Henricus was commissioned by the Virginia Company of London, who ordered Dale to find a healthy location to secure the navigable portion of the upstream James River and to provide a place of retreat in case of an attack by the Spanish. Intending the new settlement to become the principal seat of the colony, Dale rapidly made Henricus a well-built, strongly-fortified settlement. Part of Henricus's fortifications included a ditch with a palisade behind that ran across the neck of the peninsula. The historian Robert Hunt Land suggests that it was at this time that the peninsula's neck got the name "Dale's Dutch Gap", as Dale had served as a long-time soldier of fortune with the United Provinces of the Netherlands. However, the settlement did not thrive. By the time Dale returned to England in 1616, Henricus was already in a dilapidated state, consisting of few houses and the ruins of a never-completed church. Though Henricus was incorporated into the City of Henrico, what was left of it was abandoned after the Powhatan attack of 1622, as the settlement was not listed as one of the fortified strongholds that the Virginia Company ordered survivors to move to.
In 1637, Farrar's Island became the property of the son and namesake of the councillor, William Farrar. The peninsula was part of a 2000-acre patent along the James River granted by Governor John Harvey. Before he died, the elder William Farrar had acquired the acreage through headright for providing the cost of transporting 40 persons from England to the Virginia Colony.
Farrar's Island remained with the Farrar family until it was sold to Thomas Randolph in 1727. In May 1771, heavy rains fell on the mountains to the west of Richmond for 12 days. These rains cause a deluge known as "The Great Fresh of 1771", which inundated the settlements and plantations along James River. Because it was almost entirely surrounded by the James, Farrar's Island was particularly hard hit. All the property of the current owner, Thomas Mann Randolph was carried off by the flood, and the economic value of the land was also severely reduced as 80 acres of the peninsula's arable topsoil were washed away, leaving in its stead a pavement of stones.
Civil War history
By the time of the Civil War, Farrar's Island was owned by Henry Cox of Farmer's Rest, who had substantial landholding on the James River, and was sometimes referred to as Cox's Island
In May 1864, Union General Benjamin Butler initiated the Bermuda Hundred campaign by landing the Army of the James at Bermuda Hundred and occupied the east side of the James River between Bermuda Hundred and Farrar's Island. After Butler gave up on his maneuver towards Richmond at his defeat at the Battle of Proctor's Creek, the Army of the James retreated back to a line on the Bermuda Hundred Peninsula stretching from a bluff on the south bank of the James river overlooking Farrar's Island, which was called Trent's Reach, to the mouth of the Appomattox River. The Confederates then entrenched their forces on the Howlett Line, which was approximately parallel to the Union defenses. These fortified lines were held with only minor changes until after the end of the Siege of Petersburg in April 1865.
During this time, Farrar's Island became the front line in the struggle to control the James River. In June 1864, General Ulysses S. Grant ordered the Union navy under Admiral Samuel Phillips Lee to sink five ships, which were then used to create an obstruction boom across the James River stretching between Farrar's Island and Trent's Reach. The purpose of this barrier was to prevent Confederate warships from going downstream and attacking Grant's headquarter and depot during the Petersburg Campaign, which were located at City Point. The Confederates prevented Union warships from moving north by posting artillery batteries on the Howlett Line, as well as additional batteries on the east side of the James River north of Farrar's Island. These batteries provided a field of fire over almost all of the five-mile loop of the James that encircled Farrar's Island.
To bypass the loop around Farrar's Island, General Butler began excavating a canal to cut across the neck of the peninsula at the Dutch Gap Canal. The work was begun in August 1864 and the canal completely cut the neck in January 1865. However, the explosion that removed the bulkhead at the north end of the canal to open it up threw so much debris and fallen earth into the canal that it was unusable by armed vessels, and dredging continued until the end of the war in April 1865. The completion of the canal made Farrar's Island a true island.
Also in January 1865, the James River around Farrar's Island became the site of one of the Civil War's last major naval battles, the Battle of Trent's Reach. In this battle, a Confederate flotilla of three ironclads and eight other warships were repulsed as they attempted to get through the Union boom between Farrar's Island and Trent's Reach.
Post-Civil War history
Immediately after the Civil War, Dutch Gap Canal remained unusable because Henry Cox, who still owned Farrar's Island, had filled in the northern end of the canal with a causeway to access the island; however, a flood in 1870 washed away the causeway and opened the canal to development. Improvements to the canal were not made until after 1871, and ongoing deepening and widening under the guidance of the Army Corps of Engineers continued at least through to the end of the 1870s. The subsequent owner of Farrar's Island, Richard Friend, who inherited the property from Cox in 1888, filed suit against the United States Government to recover his claimed losses due to the improvement of the canal, but lost his case.
In 1918, Farrar's Island became part of the Dutch Gap Range during World War I. The 80th Division's artillery regiments, who were stationed in Fort Lee, used the island for gunnery training before heading to France and fighting in the Meuse-Argonne offensive.
Between 1920 and 1940, approximately 300 acres of Farrar Island was transformed into a tidal lagoon surrounded by wetland when the Richmond Sand and Gravel Company mined the area, creating a large pit that was subsequently connected to the old James River channel for barges to load the sand and gravel. In 1983, another 103 acres of Farrar's Island was transformed into an ash pond for the nearby Dominion Chesterfield Power Station located on the Dutch Gap Cutoff on the James River; though as of 2020, Dominion will be moving the coal ash from the pond on Farrar's Island to a lined landfill at the Chester Power Station. This transfer of coal ash is expected to take 15 to 20 years.
Farrar's Island today
Today, Farrar's Island is now part of the Dutch Gap Conservation Area and is the location of Henricus Historical Park. Farrar's Island has once more become a peninsula as a section of the old river on the north side of the island has been filled in over time. However, this peninsula now lies on the east bank of the James River. | WIKI |
Page:The Round Hand of George B. Roberts.djvu/13
The long-delayed final settlement of the claims between the American and British governments (and the boundary, in some respects hardly separable from the companies) allowed lengthy and bitter controversy. Court cases continued for years; repercussions of the "pig war" were felt from the Army's Department of Oregon to the Secretaries of War and State and the President; periodically various aspects rose and receded in newspaper columns like the Pacific tides; finally, many pioneer residents and most pioneer 'histories' of the region were marked with the bitterness or legends the disputes spawned. Duly weighing both legends and arguments, Frances Fuller Victor was the earliest and for many years the most generally disinterested historian of the Pacific Northwest; in gathering her material from sources such as George Roberts, she must have gained in knowledge and sophistication.
August
Monday 23rd. Morning cool, midday very warm, air filled | WIKI |
../Moto G7 Plus
Unlocking the Bootloader
Whilst I was able to complete the adb commands on Debian, the fastboot oem get_unlock_data command did not work. Fastboot worked (could see the device whilst in recovery mode, but getting the unlock data gave an error or hung. This task was completed at a windows 10 command line.
C:\2TB\platform-tools>adb devices
* daemon not running; starting now at tcp:5037
* daemon started successfully
List of devices attached
Zxxxxxxxx3 unauthorized
C:\2TB\platform-tools>adb reboot bootloader
C:\2TB\platform-tools>fastboot devices
Zxxxxxxxx3 fastboot
C:\2TB\platform-tools>fastboot oem get_unlock_data
(bootloader) Unlock data:
(bootloader) 3A5xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
(bootloader) 534xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
(bootloader) E96xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
(bootloader) AC7xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
(bootloader) 0000000
OKAY [ 0.032s]
Finished. Total time: 0.032s
C:\2TB\platform-tools>
https://accounts.motorola.com/
get the unlock code
C:\2TB\platform-tools>adb devices
List of devices attached
Zxxxxxxxx3 device
C:\2TB\platform-tools>adb reboot bootloader
C:\2TB\platform-tools>fastboot oem unlock HxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxQ
(bootloader) ***************************************
(bootloader) WARNING: This command erases user data!
(bootloader) WARNING: This command voids warranty!
(bootloader) Please re-run this command to confirm.
(bootloader) ***************************************
OKAY [ 0.021s]
Finished. Total time: 0.021s
C:\2TB\platform-tools>fastboot oem unlock HxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxQ
(bootloader) Bootloader is unlocked!
OKAY [ 1.041s]
Finished. Total time: 1.042s
C:\2TB\platform-tools>fastboot reboot
Rebooting OKAY [ 0.000s]
Finished. Total time: 0.008s
C:\2TB\platform-tools>
Once the task is complete you should see a screen similar to the one adjacent on boot.
Unlocked Moto G7 bootloader | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:VARA (radio and TV)
This is a start towards adding more information on the Dutch public broadcasting system and its organization. There is a need for a future article on verzuiling. -- Picapica 10:41, 29 Mar 2005 (UTC)
Move
I had already written the article-stub VARA (tv) when I discovered that this one already existed. I moved this text to there, although I now realise I should have asked here first. Hope there are no serious objections. My title is less accurate, but shorter.
An article on verzuiling exists now, by the way. DirkvdM 12:35, 30 August 2005 (UTC) | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Lois Rice
The result was keep per WP:SNOW. —David Eppstein (talk) 16:10, 6 April 2017 (UTC)
Lois Rice
* – ( View AfD View log Stats )
The General Notability Guideline has not been met. The coverage I was able to find is split between two categories: coverage related to her death, and coverage related to her daughter. I would propose merging to the article about her daughter Susan Rice but she's not even mentioned in it. Exemplo347 (talk) 22:11, 5 April 2017 (UTC)
* Weak keep or Merge: Her supposed involvement with Pell Grant seems to indicate notability, to an extent at least. In addition to this, she is the spouse of a notable person. RoCo (talk) 22:20, 5 April 2017 (UTC)
* Being the spouse (or mother) of a notable person isn't a reason to keep an article. Notability is never inherited. Exemplo347 (talk) 22:21, 5 April 2017 (UTC)
* I know that, which is why I ended the claim of notability before that sentence. Pell Grant involvement, however, seems to suggest something. RoCo (talk) 22:24, 5 April 2017 (UTC)
* Keep - GNG is met spectacularly well with sources found in just the shortest of google searches . If obituaries aren't pay-for content but are independently composed features, they count as reliable and significant. Yvarta (talk) 22:57, 5 April 2017 (UTC)
* Yeah, like I said in the nomination, the coverage is all about her death, with passing mentions about her being Susan Rice's mother. There's nothing else. Exemplo347 (talk) 00:10, 6 April 2017 (UTC)
* I'm confused Exemplo347 - beyond being obituaries, how are they about her death? If you read the articles, her death is mentioned only in one or two sentences, and the rest is about her life and accomplishments. If she was murdered horribly or died in an unusual way and the articles reflected that, then I might agree with you. Yvarta (talk) 00:13, 6 April 2017 (UTC)
* "How are obituaries about her death?" Exemplo347 (talk) 00:15, 6 April 2017 (UTC)
* You are missing my point, Exemplo347. They address her death, yes, but that is not their only topic - these are not paid obituaries placed as advertisements for a funeral: they came out after her death because her death spurred the new attention. If they had been spurred by a firing from a major company, but still focused on her and not the firing in great detail, then they would be about her, not the central event that led to the media coverage. Yvarta (talk) 00:19, 6 April 2017 (UTC)
* Weak keep, due to Pell Grant connection. Un sch ool 03:51, 6 April 2017 (UTC)
* Keep - significant obituaries in multiple national newspapers seems to meet basic criteria for notability.Glendoremus (talk) 05:37, 6 April 2017 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Academics and educators-related deletion discussions. CAPTAIN RAJU (✉) 11:58, 6 April 2017 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Businesspeople-related deletion discussions. CAPTAIN RAJU (✉) 11:58, 6 April 2017 (UTC)
* Keep Having a long in-depth piece run on your death in WSJ and NYT (and several other places) is a clear sign of your significance. Besides that, a BEFORE here should be done. For instance I found the following two pieces from 70s in NYT - (on her marriage (which was covered since both parties were significant) - added to article) and (didn't add - long opinion piece by her). There's probably plenty more in print archives - just need to look under the right names.Icewhiz (talk) 12:15, 6 April 2017 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Women-related deletion discussions. Shawn in Montreal (talk) 14:54, 6 April 2017 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Education-related deletion discussions. Shawn in Montreal (talk) 14:54, 6 April 2017 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of United States of America-related deletion discussions. Shawn in Montreal (talk) 14:54, 6 April 2017 (UTC)
* Keep Mwinog2777 (talk) 15:13, 6 April 2017 (UTC)
* Keep, WSJ and NYT editorial obits clearly show notability.--Jahaza (talk) 15:24, 6 April 2017 (UTC)
| WIKI |
Wikipedia:Peer review/List of Persona 4 characters/archive1
List of Persona 4 characters
This peer review discussion has been closed. I've listed this article for peer review because it has been tagged due to lack of references and in-universe style for a few years. I'm not sure whether the tags could be removed, but I was looking for more opinions regarding the prose's style and amounts of jargon. The length from the protagonist's section is considerably longer. Also, some characters listed here have almost no importance to the game's plot and I wondered whether they are suitable for Wikipedia.
Thanks, Tintor2 (talk) 18:56, 25 August 2012 (UTC)
The article looks good. However, some characters who have no importance on the list should be removed. We also need to use an out-of-universe style as well. We may need some game quote references as well. The length of the protagonist section needs to be trimmed down. Thanks, Lord Sjones23 (talk - contributions) 22:53, 25 August 2012 (UTC)
* Thanks. I still have to see what to remove from the Protagonist's section (probably the whole explanation about the Arcanas, it's full of nihongo). I was going to cite some parts from the other characters section but I decided to wait until seeing what characters are not worth mentioning. Maybe a user with more knowledge regarding the game could give an opinion regarding which.Tintor2 (talk) 01:22, 26 August 2012 (UTC)
I just want to add that you can cut down on the size of the article if you group the quotes together. I did something like that in List of Tales of Symphonia characters but the disadvantage would be is that you can't reuse the refs, as far as I know. DragonZero ( Talk · Contribs ) 14:13, 26 August 2012 (UTC)
* I see. Maybe joining references from the artbook would reduce it a bit.Tintor2 (talk) 17:59, 26 August 2012 (UTC)
* I did a test in User talk:Tintor2/ draft removing two shop characters and the arcanas information. About 10 kylobites were lost leaving a draft with 111 kylobites. Still, once the PlayStation Vita will be released some more references would need to be added, so apparently there is more undue weight.Tintor2 (talk) 21:44, 26 August 2012 (UTC) | WIKI |
Cooperative Patent Classification
CPC Definition - Subclass G06G
Printable version [PDF]
Last Updated Version: 2016.11
ANALOGUE COMPUTERS (analogue optical computing devices G06E 3/00)
References
Limiting references
This place does not cover:
Analogue optical computing devices
Computer systems based on specific computational models
Hand manipulated computing devices (planimeters G01B 5/26)
Definition statement
This place covers:
Hand operated, mainly portable, mechanical devices using movable scales (linear or circular) for computing an analogue outcome as a result of the mechanical setting of the input scales.
These are very simple mechanical devices for solving specific problems involving the resolving of one or a limited number of mathematical equations by moving mechanically one scale relative to another scale and reading out the result on another scale. It does not involve electricity nor electronics.
References
Limiting references
This place does not cover:
Planimeters
Digital mechanical computers
Electronic portable computers
Special rules of classification
The documents should be classified in the subgroups of G06G 1/0005 according to their field of application AND in the subgroups of G06G 1/02 according to their construction.
{characterised by a specific application}
Definition statement
This place covers:
For the different applications see the titles of the subgroups.
Special rules of classification
Documents should be classified in every subgroup dealing with a specific application where the hand manipulated analogue computing device is used.
Documents should also be classified in the subgroups of G06G 1/02 according to their construction.
Devices in which computing is effected by adding, substracting, or comparing lengths of parallel or concentric graudated scales {(G06G 1/0005 takes precedence)}
Definition statement
This place covers:
Hand-manipulated devices of the kind specified in the title are classified here independently from the specific application.
The different constructional arrangements of these devices are classified in accordance with the titles of the subgroups under G06G 1/04.
Special rules of classification
The documents should also be classified in the subgroups of G06G 1/0005 according to their field of application.
Devices in which the computing operation is performed mechanically (G06G 1/00 takes precedence)
Definition statement
This place covers:
Pure mechanical analogue computation mechanisms.
References
Limiting references
This place does not cover:
Electric or electronic analogue computers
Digital mechanical computers
Special rules of classification
Obsolete technology, there are currently almost no new publications on the subject.
Devices in which the computing operation is performed by means of fluid-pressure elements (such elements in general F15C)
Definition statement
This place covers:
Analogue computation mechanisms based on fluid-pressure elements, e.g. using water, oil, pneumatics.
References
Limiting references
This place does not cover:
Fluid-circuit elements as such used for computing
Digital fluid-pressure computing devices
Special rules of classification
Obsolete technology, not used anymore.
Devices in which the computing operation is performed by varying electric or magnetic quantities
Definition statement
This place covers:
General analogue computation performed by electric or magnetic elements.
References
Limiting references
This place does not cover:
Analogue control systems
Analogue filters or mixers
Special rules of classification
Documents are to be classified in these subgroups only if they are used for pure computation per se.
Analogue computation for a specific application are classified in the specific application field only.
This is an old technology that is hardly used anymore for performing computation as such. It is mainly used as a component in larger systems such as analogue control systems, telecommunication devices, etc.
Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
Definition statement
This place covers:
Subject-matter not provided for in G06G 1/00 - G06G 7/80. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
索
Derived characters
* 嗦 㮦 溹 䅴 䌇 鎍(𫔅) 䞽 䖛 𠋲 𭝻 𢱢 𤌘 𥻨 𧎳 𧛻 𩌈 𬵠 𪍟 𭅬 𩘝(𩙭) 𫦎 𭮹 𮭈 𪟹 𦅕 𦃆 𦆽 𤸴 𡩡 𥰼 𦵫 𩄜 𩮛
Glyph origin
. Threads (rope) being removed from a fabric.
visually represents the middle interior of the small seal script form, whereas is the three-pointed top part and the left and right lines.
Etymology 1
From ; compare 🇨🇬 (> 🇨🇬), 🇨🇬.
Definitions
* 1) rope; cable
* 2) to climb; to clamber
* 3) bamboo tile
Etymology 2
Ultimately ; compare 🇨🇬; cognate with.
Definitions
* 1) to search; to look for; to inquire into
* 2) to request; to demand
* 3) alone; solitary
* 4) uninteresting; dull; insipid
Definitions
* 1) to absorb
* 2) to sniff; to smell
Definitions
* 1) beautiful; pretty; hot; sexually attractive
Kanji
* 1) string, thread
Etymology 1
From.
Etymology 2
From. | WIKI |
Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Painting
For this subject please go to Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Visual arts.
Proposal to close this project
Nothing has happened here for over a year. I propose to tag it as Historical and give a soft redirect to WikiProject Visual arts, which is doing the work anyway, so that efforts can be focused, and posts aren't left on this page needlessly. Tyrenius (talk) 07:34, 6 February 2008 (UTC)
Agree, per my comment of last July above. Johnbod (talk) 13:46, 6 February 2008 (UTC)
* I've been reluctant to comment, since I'm not signed in to those two projects however they do seem redundant. This project WikiProject Visual arts is working very well, and I agree perhaps those two projects should be retired. Modernist (talk) 14:41, 6 February 2008 (UTC)
Oscar Allain listed at Requested moves
A requested move discussion has been initiated for Oscar Allain to be moved to Óscar Allain. This page is of interest to this WikiProject and interested members may want to participate in the discussion here. —RMCD bot 03:20, 6 September 2023 (UTC)
* To opt out of RM notifications on this page, transclude, or set up Article alerts for this WikiProject. | WIKI |
Talk:European emigration
Untitled
What a confuse article. Emigration from Europe isn't what is described here; Germany, Italy, or Ireland had no colonial empires in America, and yet there was very intense emigration from these countries to the Americas. Ninguém (talk) 23:57, 18 January 2010 (UTC)
Can anyone help this article and give references as to the total population size around the world that have European descent. The European diaspora is absolutely massive and even though this has a good title I'm not sure if this should be called emigration from Europe..but called European diaspora..as the examples below are all diasporas. There is a page called European people but it's only a link page...that would be another article ofcourse.
Orphaned references in Emigration from Europe
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of Emigration from Europe's orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.
Reference named "CIA": From China: Field Listing – Disputes – international, CIA World Factbook From Morocco: From Afghanistan:
I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. AnomieBOT ⚡ 22:06, 13 September 2012 (UTC)
What about...
My simple question is: WHAT ABOUT NEW FRANCE IN NORTH AMERICA, the French Canadians or Quebecois who represent around 8 millions of French-speaking people in the Province of Quebec...? What about Acadia in New Brunswick, Louisiana, the Metis and the Haitian...? Very bad article! And the Americans finding their family roots in French Canada? — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:49, 2 February 2014 (UTC)
* You are welcome to contribute to the article by adding relevant, referenced, secondary source material. Wikipedia is a not a finished project. It is developed by volunteers and is not compulsory. We welcome new editors to improve articles. --Iryna Harpy (talk) 21:09, 2 February 2014 (UTC)
* Yes, the article isn't complete. There are 50,000 Americans and a sizable population of Europeans in Japan. The number of westerners resident in Japan range between 250,000 to half a million. Japan may be homogeneous (95% ethnic Japanese), but you have to realize a community of European descendants live in Japan. There's some westerners also in South Korea including the 37,500 U.S. armed forces troops based there. The U.S. is a multiracial country, but we're discussing European descendants for the most part. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:10, 27 March 2014 (UTC)
Early emigration
This doesn't include Romans who ruled over most of southern Europe, Middle East and North Africa and had Romans in them ruling over the provinces.
It also doesn't include the Tocharian people who were a European people that settled in China.
Also no reference to the lost legions of Rome who later migrated to Central Asia to the village in Central China called Lichien.
Also, Greeks have genetic legacy on the Pashtun people of Afghanistan and Pakistan. Possibly Kalaash do too. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Zibran 2 (talk • contribs) 09:30, 24 March 2015 (UTC)
Jews included in European diaspora
Because Jews have their own Jewish diaspora, Armenians have their own Armenian diaspora, and both groups, according to many studies found on their pages, are inherently Middle Eastern, or West Asian, it occurs to me that neither Jews nor Armenians belong on this page, or associated with any of its Category links.
What do you all think? Jeffgr9 (talk) 05:48, 14 December 2015 (UTC)
* Unlike other articles, we aren't saying anything about the beginnings of each people here. I think it makes sense to use a looser definition of "European" and include them. Musashiaharon (talk) 06:50, 15 December 2015 (UTC)
* On the other hand, there is no mention here of peoples with a similar non-native relationship to Europe, like the Romani and European Pakistanis. Since Jews are similarly not native to Europe, they should also not be included. This seems to be a stronger argument than my previous. Musashiaharon (talk) 09:47, 16 December 2015 (UTC)
* On the third hand, Jewish still features in the religion section of the infobox and I'm not going to remove it without a proper discussion as to who should be included and who should not.
* I don't believe this to be an issue for local consensus on this article, and suggest that it be taken to Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Judaism., the issue of Romani people has been discussed in multiple venues (see this discussion as an example), and would suggest that the article should be expanded to include them in the article rather than exclude them. --Iryna Harpy (talk) 22:00, 16 December 2015 (UTC)
On the fourth hand, such a discussion on other articles already exists—On the Talk page for "Category:American people of Jewish descent," for example: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category_talk:American_people_of_Jewish_descent#Americans_of_Southwest_Asian_Descent Furthermore, not every Jewish person is religious, many are secular, or simply just ethnoculturally Jewish (they may keep certain customs, i.e. performing social justice/charity work (see also Tikkun olam) in solidarity with other groups as an oppressed people, but not necessarily relating to a belief in G-d). So to categorize Jews solely as a religion proves erroneous. We have reached an agreement that Jews, being an Ethnocultural group population originating in the Middle East, can not be included in this article, and the categories attached, as this article pertains to the *original*, white peoples of Europe, of which Jews——as proven by the Spanish Inquisition, Pogroms, the Holocaust, and more persecutions by ethnic Europeans——clearly do not represent. Jeffgr9 (talk) 16:09, 17 December 2015 (UTC)
In addition, the History of the Jews in Europe page already explains some of the ways in which Jews "migrated" to Europe, which also proves how Jews cannot be a part of the European diaspora, especially on this website. Jeffgr9 (talk) 16:29, 17 December 2015 (UTC)
* If you care to read the numerous articles on ethnic groups in Europe, you find that many of them were formed as a result of 'migration' from outside of Europe and, as a result of coexistence and intermarriage with indigenous populations over centuries actually formed ethnic groups in Europe. The question of Jewishness is, as you would be aware, a complex one. Perhaps you're able to explain how so many blue-eyed Jews came about. Unless you're prepared to parse DNA data on individual members of any ethnic group in Europe, how can you account for their own ethnic self-perception when any one person would have other ethnic DNA markers in their immediate ancestry without being aware of it themselves? --Iryna Harpy (talk) 21:41, 17 December 2015 (UTC)
* You know, part of the problem here is that Jews have always been both part of their surroundings and distinctive from them. So sometimes it seems to be appropriate to include them (full disclosure: us) and sometimes not. In the context of European diaspora, for example, consider the various waves of Jewish migration from Europe to the (now-) United States:
* Migrations before the American Revolution, and then on about 1820. This group was mostly Sefardic. Part of this migration was a purely Jewish event, including Jews who had migrated to Brazil, and then to other Dutch outposts in the Western Hemisphere. Many of those who came directly from Europe came from the Netherlands, and tended to travel along with others who were looking for religious freedom.
* Migrations from 1820 or so to 1880 or so. These were mostly German Jews, and they migrated to the US along with many non-Jewish Germans, seeking relief from the revolutions and other strife in the Germanies of the mid-nineteenth century.
* Migrations from 1880 or so to 1920 or so. This was to a very great degree a Jewish migration from Eastern Europe, but there were more than a few non-Jewish Eastern Europeans who came at the same time to escape the Russian, Austrian and Ottoman Empires.
* So it seems to me that the Jewish diaspora during that period is part of the phenomenon of the European diasporas, but also to some extent separate. But it should stay here. StevenJ81 (talk) 22:24, 17 December 2015 (UTC)
* This is one of the reasons that I consider that the WP:BURDEN is on any editor wanting to exclude European Jews to provide WP:RS for such an exclusion. Certainly, in more recent times, the post-Soviet exodus from ex-Soviet nation-states includes Jewish Russians and ethnic Russians, Ukrainian Jews and ethic Ukrainians, etc. Such a phenomenon fits in with your descriptions above. While I can only attest to a WP:PPOV experience, I live right in the hub of what was the Jewish community in Melbourne, Australia. The community has expanded at an exponential rate to include all of these Eastern European ethnics... and they function as one entity (which is why this area has become their preferred area of residence). The lingua franca remains Russian, and community and cultural life is mutually inclusive. Self-identification as being Russian or Ukrainian is the prominent feature. Visually, you couldn't begin to guess who is what. What exists at the fore is a continuum of a long standing Eastern European culture. --Iryna Harpy (talk) 00:23, 18 December 2015 (UTC)
Hi. Sorry if my editing looked suspicious before, but I don't know how to make an account here (if anybody could help with that, I'd appreciate it). All of that aside, I don't think they should stay on this article, because it seems to refer exclusively to ethnic European diasporas, meaning populations whose ethnogenesis occurred in Europe. European Jews belong to the larger Jewish diaspora, which is a Middle Eastern one. Including them here would imply that they are indigenous to Europe, which is not only not true, but an increasingly popular argument among antisemites. And that's something I'd rather not encourage. As for the blue eyes comment, there are many Middle Eastern populations have blue eyes as well. And our culture is pretty much a hybrid of traditional Jewish culture and the cultures of populations we came into contact with. The examples you've mentioned are interesting, but so long as they belong to the Jewish community and identify as such, they are part of the Jewish diaspora (and thus Middle Eastern). If these Jews individually identify as Russians, Ukrainians, or what have you, they would belong to European diasporas on account of them self-identifying as members of ethnic groups indigenous to Europe (e.g. Russians and Ukrainians). But if they also self-identify as Jews and belong to the Jewish community, they are also part of a Middle Eastern diaspora. It's possible to belong to more than one diaspora, obviously. However, including European Jews qua Jews on this article is inaccurate. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:647:4C00:4D00:64E4:94E3:2A33:6D81 (talk) 00:50, 18 December 2015 (UTC)
* Hi, IP 2601:647:4C00:4D00:64E4:94E3:2A33:6D81. Not a problem. I've left a welcome message on your IP talk page with a direct link to the sign-up form for an account. I suspect that you have a dynamic IP, therefore, even for a sense of continuity in discussion and identification, it would be far easier for all of us if you created an account. I'll respond to your observations separately. --Iryna Harpy (talk) 02:49, 18 December 2015 (UTC)
* Iryna's comment about blue eyes was a shocking display of ignorance. Blue eyes are hardly exclusive to native Europeans, as many examples among the Arabs, Yezidi, Samaritans, Druze and Jews show. Even if they were, such admixture could never negate the indigeneity of any people. This complete denial of a people's very identity and the core of their common heritage is nothing short of offensive in the extreme.
* Given previous unequal treatment of Jews on Wikipedia, claims that Jews are anything but indigenous to the Middle East should be viewed with utmost suspicion as a relic of a less-openminded era. The level of suspicion leveled against a source denying Jews to be Middle Eastern should be similar to the suspicion applied to Holocaust denial, as both facts have mountains of RS, and their denial is a clear sign of BIAS. For example, this discussion bears clear evidence of previous, racist double standards on Wikipedia when it came to classifying Jews. It's up to us to fix this and ensure that such double standards are never applied again. Musashiaharon (talk) 19:21, 18 December 2015 (UTC)
* Please constrain yourself to commenting on content not the contributor. Do not assume bad faith as it reflects badly on you and sets up an antagonistic atmosphere for the purposes of discussion. I did not give the example in order to invoke 'race' wars, but to point out that anomalies in haplogroups are just that: anomalies that are not indicative of the norm. The only purist argument here is yours, so please don't take the discussion down this route. I have most certainly not argued that this the only factor at issue here, but have attempted to nod to various issues of self-identification, cultural identification, etc. --Iryna Harpy (talk) 22:00, 18 December 2015 (UTC)
Since this article is dealing with the diasporas of people of European origin, those who were in a diaspora that took them TO Europe should not be included. By grouping them as "European", you paint a false picture of their origin. I think the distinction that some people are failing to recognize is that other groups (Germans, etc) may have some origins outside of Europe, but the people in question assimilated, and blended into the society they became part of in Europe. This involved both intermarriage, leading to genetic mixing, and more importantly, adopting the culture of the local people, or blending the cultures. Jews, by way of contrast, amintained their own culture within the larger society. They also had low rates of intermarriage. And when they did,, those who married out and whose spouses did not convert were no longer considered part of the Jewish community. Outsiders who convert to Judaism are considered part of the Jewish people, and tend to marry into the existing population, so their descendants still show a majority of Middle Eastern genes. More importantly, they assimilate into the Jewish culture, not the other way around. PA Math Prof (talk) 14:49, 18 December 2015 (UTC)
* , all of this is understood and is why "European Jews" is wikilinked to History of the Jews in Europe. Do these arguments, however, usurp WP:COMMONSENSE in order to exclude Jews as if Jewishness and Jewish culture were something that exists in a vacuum? --Iryna Harpy (talk) 22:56, 18 December 2015 (UTC)
* Any vacuum within which Jewish culture exists comes from (at least) two sources: Jewish tribal initiations (e.g. how to join the Tribe, which, unlike Christianity, does not apply to just anyone on "faith" alone), and external restrictions on Jewish movement, culture, belief systems, language, and more (e.g. Constantine and his successors' distinguishing between Jews and non-Jews). In fact, it was Constantine and his successors who made some of the most influential, as well as racist (as Jews are an Ethnocultural/Ethnoreligious group for which both their ancestral lineage/heritage and cultural beliefs/customs are intertwined) and painful, contributions to the ethnocultural distancing from and isolation of much of Jewish culture and gene pools:
* "Eusebius of Caesarea, The Life of the Blessed Emperor Constantine"
* "...it appeared an unworthy thing that in the celebration of this most holy feast we should follow the practice of the Jews, who have impiously defiled their hands with enormous sin, and are, therefore, deservedly afflicted with blindness of soul..."
* "Let us then have nothing in common with the detestable Jewish crowd..."(Chapter XVIII)
* "...I have enumerated than in any other, but also that it is most fitting that all should unite in desiring that which sound reason appears to demand, and in avoiding all participation in the perjured conduct of the Jews." (Chapter XIX)
* "HE also passed a law to the effect that no Christian should remain in servitude to a Jewish master, on the ground that it could not be right that those whom the Saviour had ransomed should be subjected to the yoke of slavery by a people who had slain the prophets and the Lord himself. If any were found hereafter in these circumstances, the slave was to be set at liberty, and the master punished by a fine." (Chapter XXVII)
* "ROMAN IMPERIAL LAWS concerning Jews (329-553)" adapted from Amon Linder, The Jews in Roman Imperial Legislation (Wayne State Univ. Pr., 1987).:
* "Confiscation of the Properties of Christian Converts to Judaism. Emperor Constantius II, July 3, 353":
* "If someone shall become Jew from Christian and shall be joined to sacrilegious assemblies, we decree that his property shall be vindicated to the fisc's [state treasury's] dominion once the accusation has been proven."
* "Prohibition of Christians from Participating in Pagan, Jewish, and Manichaean Cults. Emperors Gratian, Valentinian II, and Theodosius I, May 21, 383":
* "We punish the crime of Christians passing over to altars and temples by abrogating their power to bequeath in testament. Also those who despised the dignity of the Christian religion and name and polluted themselves with the Jewish contagions shall be punished for their disgraceful acts."
* "Prohibition on Intermarriage. Emperors Valentinian II, Theodosius I, and Arcadius, March 14, 388":
* "No Jew shall take a Christian woman in marriage, neither shall a Christian marry a Jewess. Indeed, if anyone shall commit something of the kind, his crime shall be considered as adultery, with the right to accuse allowed the general public."
* "Against God-fearers and Conversion to Judaism. Honorius and Theodosius II, April 1, 409":
* "Some people, moreover, oblivious of their and their position, dare to transgress the Law to such an extent, that they force some to cease being Christian and adopt the abominable and vile name of the Jews. Although those that have committed this crime shall be legally condemned under the laws of the ancient emperors, still it does not bother us to admonish repeatedly, that those imbued in the Christian mysteries shall not be forced to adopt Jewish perversity, which is alien to the Roman Empire, and abjure Christianity. And if someone should believe that this be willfully attempted, we order that the instigators of the deed with their accomplices shall sugger the punishment decreed in the former laws, for it is graver than death and crueler than massacre when someone abjures the Christian faith and becomes polluted with the Jewish incredulity. We order, therefore, that [...] and legislate in a decree devoted to God, namely under this instruction, that if someone shall attempt to rise against this law, let him know that he shall be punished for high treason."
* "Protection of Synagogues and the Jewish Sabbath. Honorius with Theodosius II, July 26, 412":
* "No one shall dare to violate or seize and occupy what are known the names of synagogues and are assuredly frequented by the conventicles of the Jews, for all must retain what is theirs with unmolested right and without harm to religion and cult. Furthermore, since the ancient custom and usage preserved the day of the Sabbath, sacred to the said people of the Jews, we decree that this too must be avoided..."
* "Allowing Jewish Converts to Christianity to Return to Judaism. Emperors Honorius and Theodosius II, September 24, 416":
* "It had been ordained, in the old laws as well as in ours, that, since we have learned that convicts of the Jewish religion want to join the community of the Church in order to escape their crimes and out of various necessities, this is done not from devotion to the Faith, but as a false simulation. Let the judges of the provinces in which such crimes are said to have been committed know, therefore, that our laws are to be obeyed in such a way that those people whom they shall observe as not adhering to this cult in the constancy of their religious profession, nor to be imbued with the faith and mysteries of the venerable baptism, are to be allowed to return to their own law, for it is of greater benefit to Christianity."
* "Exclusion of Jews from Public Service. Emperors Honorius and Theodosius II, March 10, 418":
* "As for those, however, who are subject to the perversity of this [Jewish] nation and are proven to have entered the Military Service, we decree that their military belt shall be undone without any hesitation, and that they shall not derive any help or protection from their former merits."
* "Policy on Synagogues. Emperors Honorius and Theodosius II, February 15, 423":
* "It seems right that in the future none of the synagogues of the Jews shall either be indiscriminately seized or put on fire. If there are some synagogues that were seized or vindicated to churches or indeed consecrated to the venerable mysteries in a recent undertaking and after the law was passed, they shall be given in exchange new places, on which they could build, that is, to the measure of the synagogues taken. Votive offerings as well, if they are in fact seized, shall be returned to them provided that they have not yet been dedicated to the sacred mysteries; but if a venerable consecration does not permit their restitution, they shall be given the exact price for them. No synagogue shall be constructed from now on, and the old ones shall remain in their state."
* "Policy toward Jews, Heretics, and Pagans. Emperors Honorius and Theodosius II, April 9, 423":
* "However, these Jews shall be condemned to confiscation of property as well as to perpetual exile, If it shall be established that they have circumcised a man of our Faith or ordered him to be circumcised."
* "Policy in Regard to Jews, Samaritans, Pagans, and Heretics. Theodosius II and Valentinian III, January 31, 438":
* "This law orders in particular that no Jew and no Samaritan shall attain any honor of State government or administration, and that on no account shall they receive the office of Protector, nor by prison guards, lest perchance they dare molest Christians, or even priests, under pretext of any office, and lest the above mentioned who are enemies of our law, presume to condemn people or judge them under our laws. They shall not dare to construct anew any synagogue. For if they shall do so they shall know that this building shall benefit the Catholic Church and the builders of that building shall be fined fifty in gold weight. But let them know that this is allowed them, that they should repair the ruins of their synagogues. This, however, is particularly comprehended in this law, that no Jew shall dare to transfer to his law a Christian, slave or freeborn, by any persuasion whatsoever or be punished by death and loss of property."
* "Church Property and Non-Christians From the Code of Justinian, Chapter XIV, March 18, 545":
* '''"...if the Jews shall dare to build a new synagogue, the holy church of the place shall vindicate the buildings to its ownership."
'''
* As per the Fiscus Judaicus and the events relating to Roman Imperial persecution of Jews, Austin Simmons analyzes the texts relating to and the inscriptions of the "Franks Casket":
* "SECTION 11 - Back Side, Lower Left: Judgement Under Vespasian: There is no escaping Roman authority. We pass now to the scene on the back lower left (fig. 12), the imperial court where father and son sit and lay the dom or 'judgement' upon the Jewish race" (page 32).
* "Josephus says that Vespasian 'laid a tribute upon the Jews wheresoever they were, and enjoined every one of them to bring two drachmae every year into the Capitol, as they used to pay the same to the temple at Jerusalem'" (pg. 32).
* "Says Josephus: 'and as for the rest of the multitude that were above seventeen years old, he put them into bonds, and sent them to the Egyptian mines. Titus also sent a great number into the provinces, as a present to them, that they might be destroyed upon their theatres, by the sword and by the wild beasts; but those that were under seventeen years of age were sold for slaves... now the number of those that were carried captive during this whole war was collected to be ninety-seven thousand'" (pg. 33).
* Roman Historian, Suetonius, described the Roman/European/non-Jewish Imperial persecution of Jews in the form of Emperor Domitian's implementation of the Fiscus Judaicus tax:
* “Besides the exactions from others, the poll-tax on the Jews was levied with extreme rigour, both on those who lived after the manner of Jews in the city, without publicly professing themselves to be such [822], and on those who, by (490) concealing their origin, avoided paying the tribute imposed upon that people. I remember, when I was a youth, to have been present [823], when an old man, ninety years of age, had his person exposed to view in a very crowded court, in order that, on inspection, the procurator might satisfy himself whether he was circumcised. [824]."
* In bold, some of the most important pieces of legislation and analyses show how the Romans purposefully and institutionally imposed racial/ethnocultural/ethnoreligious—of being Jewish ethnically, culturally, and religiously—restrictions on Jews of all kinds, and aimed to highly distinguish the non-Jewish population from the Jewish population, most especially through their use of their institutionalized form of Christianity.
* Please read through the excerpts when you can. They very much apply to how Jews cannot be apart of the European diaspora because, the Europeans—from the British, to the Visogoths, to the Spanish, to the Greeks, to the Nazis, to the Russians, to the Polish, etc. (As well as the Arab/Muslim Empires (Mamluks, Ottomans, etc.) through Islam (see Dhimmi)—effectively dispersed Jews and their Middle Eastern ethnocultural customs from their Middle Eastern homeland (The Land of Israel, formerly known as Canaan), because Jews were and continue to remain not European and not Arab/Muslim. As opposed to the European diaspora, which entails ethnic Europeans (non-Middle Eastern, non-South Asian, non-Black, non-East Asian, non-Latino, etc. peoples) emigrating from Europe (the differences about which Iryna Harpy (talk) noted herself above) and not on the basis that they were not racially/ethnoculturally European/Christian. Jeffgr9 (talk) 09:02, 19 December 2015 (UTC)
Now that I have an account (see my post above), I'd like to reiterate my earlier position. I agree with most of the other editors in here that it is problematic to put Jews on this article. We must remember that the term "diaspora" refers to the scattering of a population from its respective homeland. This is why any Jew living outside of Israel (it hardly needs pointing out, but Israel is not in Europe) is considered to be part of the 'Jewish diaspora', and European Jews are certainly no exception (unless one believes in the oft-repeated, but thoroughly discredited canard about European Jews being "converts" or "fakes" with no connection to the Israelites). By listing any type of Jews on here, you are suggesting that their homeland is actually in Europe, not the Middle East. Individual Jewish persons in Europe, or with recent European ancestry, identifying as European isn't beyond the pale by any means, but such an inclusion would be on account of their personal identification with their host countries, not by virtue of being Jews who inhabited Europe at one point or another. Any possible group they would identify with is already listed on here, so it's not necessary (and is perhaps rather superfluous) to list Jews on this article. Artsakhforever (talk) 20:01, 19 December 2015 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Artsakhforever (talk • contribs) 19:56, 19 December 2015 (UTC)
* I do take arguments for exclusion here as being valid. To cut to the chase, however, I throw my hat in with : exclusion is seriously politically problematic. --Iryna Harpy (talk) 00:19, 20 December 2015 (UTC)
* 's argument was that ethnic Jews migrated out of Europe on multiple occasions, we have addressed the reasons why they migrated, many of which relate to how Europeans did and still do not consider Jews as "ethnic" Europeans. Therefore, it seems to me that with 4 out of 6 editors, 4 of which who have given vast and specific cited content supporting the argument that the Jewish diaspora is primarily a Middle Eastern diaspora and not European, the Jewish diaspora should no longer exist on this Wikipedia page of European diaspora. Jeffgr9 (talk) 01:00, 20 December 2015 (UTC)
* Also—at the very least in the United States—During and before 1910, the United States Congress passed a bill that defined "Armenians, Assyrians, and Jews" as "Asiatics," while still approving their claims to citizenship. The declaration, while not rescinding their citizenship, affirmed the ethnic origins and identities of Armenians, Assyrians, and Jews as "non-white." For Jews in particular, this idea remains quite frequent throughout history and all over the globe—the European and Arab nations have some points said they "accepted" Jews, but in the end, they used Jews as scapegoats, appointing them into high positions—particularly in handling the nations' finances—so that the poorer classes will associate their own social standings and misfortune with the Jews instead of with the dominant upper class. (See Court Jew, Dreyfus affair, and New World Order (conspiracy theory)).
* Thus, because the majority population of Jews belong to their own Diaspora and because the dominant European and Arab classes appointed to certain Jews specific positions of power to create both the illusion of Ethnoreligious group Ethnocultural acceptance of the Jews, and the illusion of Jews' reaching higher statuses to the lower classes, Jews, as well as other similar oppressed ethnically foreign minority groups of Europe, i.e. the Romani (South Asia) and the Armenians (West Asia), should have no inclusion on this page, which is for "white people ancestry," and not "Middle Eastern/North African/South Asian ancestry." If anything, the page should have a reference to how these people faced much persecution (more than any ethnically European group) for being considered "non-white" through massacres like Pogroms, the Holocaust, the Spanish Inquisition, Slavery, conspiracy theories and hate crimes against Jews and other Middle Eastern/North African/South Asian minorities, and more.
* For now, until a new section is created addressing the racism perpetuated against groups, like the Jews, who later gained some levels of acceptance, but only to lose almost everything by racial genocide, I propose to remove the ethnic Jewish groups from the "European diaspora" page, but leave "Jewish" in the Religions section, because non-ethnic Jews may still "Join the Tribe," or "convert" to Judaism, even though they cannot find roots to ethnic Jews (a minority Middle Eastern Ethnoreligious group). Jeffgr9 (talk) 08:22, 27 December 2015 (UTC)
Refereces 5 and 19 - errors
Xx236 (talk) 06:58, 14 December 2015 (UTC)
* Thanks for the alert, . --Iryna Harpy (talk) 22:55, 16 December 2015 (UTC)
Religion Section "Addition"/Clean-Up
I noticed that "Jewish" and "Muslim" were not hyperlinked. And "other" already existed to mean "Other Religions." So, in style of this entire page, I labeled the add-on groups (those added after Christianity and "Other Religions" in the "Religion" section) as "Non-European Ethnocultural affiliations:" because those groups (i.e. Jews, Muslims, Buddhists, Hindus, etc.) did not begin in Europe—but, rather, Europeans (e.g. or "white people") have and may join those groups and further the concept of the European diaspora into the "non-white" groups—most especially backed up by the above laws that the Roman Empire constituted, as well as the laws of the individual non-European Ethnocultural groups. Jeffgr9 (talk) 23:31, 28 December 2015 (UTC)
List
The list is wrong brazil have 1700000 people with white ancestry according to the source because parda category is about mixed people between black and white. The list also have a similar problem with mexico. Being mixed don't eliminate the white acensetry of people. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:37, 7 April 2016 (UTC)
Turkey
Map shows Armenia, Israel etc. but why not Turkey? 2003:6:1136:2212:4D88:A311:22FD:2D45 (talk) 13:58, 13 May 2016 (UTC)
Original research?
Are there any reliable sources that refer to a "European diaspora", or is this entire article an example of synthesis? — MShabazz Talk/Stalk 12:46, 21 December 2016 (UTC)
* I'm certainly not aware of any RS that discuss this concept of a "European diaspora", and this talk page attests to that fact. Parsing whether Jews from Europe are or aren't "European", the list of "Contemporary European diasporas", and whacking on an "Early emigration" section is pure fantasy designed to tie it together as a realistic topic. Essentially, if an article can shift dramatically dependent on who is editing (dictating the content) at any given time in its existence (as opposed to RS dictating the content), there's a flawed premise at the bottom of it. It's SYNTH at best. --Iryna Harpy (talk) 20:09, 21 December 2016 (UTC)
* Thank you for the reply, Iryna Harpy. I've tried to search for reliable sources that discuss or refer to a "European diaspora", and the best I've come up with is The European Diaspora in Australia: An Interdisciplinary Perspective, a collection of papers that originated at a 2014 academic conference, published by "Cambridge Scholars Publishing", a new humanities press that appears to be trying to trade on the reputation of Cambridge University Press. The essays appear to be, like this article, about the various European ethnic diasporas, not about a thing called the "European Diaspora".
* I'm going to ping the other registered editors who have been most active in editing this article. Perhaps one of them can help me see my error before I nominate the article for deletion. Thank you. — Malik Shabazz Talk/Stalk 01:20, 29 December 2016 (UTC)
* Ah, interesting, . One of the editors of that publication, Dr Sonia Mycak, is an old friend, and ex-colleague, and certainly a highly respected academic globally.
* It's an unnatural stretch to qualify this publication, or its intent, as being parallel to the concept being portrayed in this article. Over the last 10 years or so, the Group of Eight (Australian universities) have received funding from the EU to set up 'Centres for European Studies'. Australian universities stopped being predominantly funded by the Australian government by 2000, and funding had to be found elsewhere. Ultimately, Australian universities opted to remained both research and teaching driven (as opposed to the US, for example, where many higher learning institutions are broken down into being research or teaching driven). Both in their teaching modules and their research, these 'European Studies Centres' focus on various aspects of individual European diasporic groups (although there are aspects such as the post-war refugee experience having a literary impact), not on a concept of Europeans somehow being an en masse ethnic group. If you take a look at the chapters, you'll find that they deal with aspects of separate European diasporic communities. The subject title, as I understand it, is a logical umbrella title for convenience, not a reflection of the existence of composite group widely known as the 'European diaspora'.
* Governmental policy on expectations of immigrants has evolved in different ways throughout the world. Australia went through various transitions culminating in multiculturalism being brought in as policy by Al Grassby in the early 70s, usurping the policy of 'assimilation' as the norm and expectation. The publication is related to articles surrounding multiculturalism or the individual ethnic groups dealt with on as regards Australia, not some sort of cohesive group known as a 'European diaspora' as is the nature of this article would suggest. (Apologies for sliding on and off topic: hope I haven't bored you). --Iryna Harpy (talk) 03:21, 29 December 2016 (UTC)
Why not just change the name of the article to one that satisfies all the references and sources given in the article..it has taken a long time to gather all the information and to just suggest to get rid of it is "lazy"... nobody would say this about an African diaspora...there certainly is a European component around the world and the sources attest to that.. this article was named "Emigration from Europe"..now that makes sense... Puertorico1 (talk)
* This has nothing to do with laziness. WP:NOR is a fundamental principle. How does your title satisfy the scope of the article? For starters, colonization and emigration are being conflated from the outset of the article. --Iryna Harpy (talk) 20:22, 19 February 2017 (UTC)
If that title doesn't satisfy the scope of the article and references given..then there needs to have a title re-think, that's all. Surely we can come up wirh one, like many other articles. Most of the information is sourced but some parts do need help. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:18, 19 February 2017 (UTC)
* While I can appreciate that you're trying to salvage the article by moving it into the direction of early modern to modern history, I think it's making a bigger jumble of ideas than improving it. For example, the statistics for those of European descent have now become misleading simply because most of the census and other research RS deal with the entirety of those who hark from colonialist ancestry. --Iryna Harpy (talk) 22:41, 19 February 2017 (UTC)
Numbers
"after 1890 never intended to remain permanen tly and returned to their home country. Temporary movements in search of higher wages often over long distances and across frontiers, was an established tradition in many of the regions from which the new immigrants were drawn. Net immigration in Argentina over the period 1881-1930 reached 3.8 million. Uruguay attracted nearly 600,000 immigrants during th e same period. More or less the same number remained in Cuba between 1902 and 1930. Whereas 200,000 people went to Chile only 25,000 immigrants en tered Paraguay and Mexico"
Why Chle has only 60.000??? according the article, 200,000 went to Chile...and only 25.000 in Mexico and Paraguay — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:02, 29 January 2017 (UTC)
Nomination of European diaspora for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article European diaspora is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.
The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/European diaspora until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.
Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Prisencolin (talk) 06:24, 26 February 2017 (UTC)
Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Immigration to the United States which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 22:30, 27 October 2017 (UTC)
Anatolia and South Caucasus
Are the dominant ethnic groups that constitute these two regions (Turks, Georgians, Armenians, Azerbaijanis, Kurds) ethnically Europeans? I know that the former four are frequently classified as European ethnicities while the latter is not, which I don't know why. Kurds share similarities to the four aforementioned groups in terms of culture and genetics, so why are they classified as fully Asian while the other four are classified as European? But that isn't my point. I want to know if the five ethnicities that I brought up in the first place should be considered ethnically European, and evidence to why they should be considered European. Because Anatolia and South Caucasus countries, despite being geographically located outside of Europe, are part of European organizations like UEFA and Eurovision, but does that mean they're truly European countries? Epitome of Creativity (talk) 01:09, 2 February 2021 (UTC)
Turkish people are generally not considered European
You need to give a page number for your source stating that 24 000 000 Turks are ethnically Europeans. This article is also about people identifying with exclusive European descent, and Turks are not considered a European ethnic group. Pastore Barracuda (talk) 10:04, 21 June 2021 (UTC)
Newfoundland is not mentioned
Newfoundland did not become part of Canada until 1949, and therefore its population and immigrants would not be included in Canadian figures prior to 1949. Is there any source anyone can find that will give Newfoundland data? Mr Serjeant Buzfuz (talk) 05:58, 8 August 2021 (UTC)
Turkish statistic
Where does the "24,000,000 people of European descent" figure for Turkey come from? Turkey has around 80,000,000 people, with about 60,000,000 citizens being ethnic Turks. Does 24,000,000 represent the number of ethnic Turks with Balkan ancestry, whose ancestors fled the Balkans (Serbia, Romania, Greece) after the First World War?2601:883:4201:2720:D0CB:CE5:B03:3B67 (talk) 01:26, 13 August 2021 (UTC)
Number for Canada is inaccurate for purposes of this article
The entry for Canada in the infobox gives a figure of 25,111,695, from a Stats Can publication from the 2011 census. Using that number is a significant overcount, if the purpose of the article is to identify Canadians of European ancestry. The 2011 Stats Can document distinguishes between "Non-immigrants" and "Immigrants", with "Non-immigrants" being defined as "a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth." That definition says nothing about the national origins of the "Non-immigrants", and certainly does not mean that the number of 25,111,695 represents European immigrants. For example, if a couple immigrates to Canada from China and then has a child, that child will be a 'non-immigrant" for the purposes of the Stats Can numbers, but will not be a non-immigrant of European origin. Similarly, individuals of First Nations and Inuit background will be included in the "non-immigrant" category by Stats Can, but would not be of European origin. Using this particular number of 25,111,695 is misleading.
Note 2 is similarly misleading, since it says that the totals are based on "official census results", but no-where in this article is there a Stats Can number citation given for 25,111,695 being the number of Canadians of European origin, other than this misleading one. The discussion under "Canada" uses a different number, but then qualifies it by saying it is an "undercount". Mr Serjeant Buzfuz (talk) 19:40, 24 August 2021 (UTC)
* A week on, and no-one has commented, so I've been bold and delted the inaccurate number for Canada; replaced with "N/A". Mr Serjeant Buzfuz (talk) 00:48, 1 September 2021 (UTC)
Australia total number is original research
There is a disagreement on the use of the number 19,600,000 as the total of Australians of European descent in the infobox. I think it's original research; John beta disagrees. The source currently given for this figure is "Leading for Change", an Australian study of demographic representation in the upper levels of private leadership. Nowhere that I've been able to find does this study give the number of 19,600,000, which it is being cited in support of. That's why I've reverted it.
John beta, in his revert of my revert, relies on the estimates that the report gives: that 58% of Australians are of Anglo-Celtic background, 18% are of other European background, and states "adding two figures (58% + 18%) and performing a simple calculation (76% x total population) does not constitute "original research" ". There are a few problems with this.
First, nowhere in the Report does it give a total population of Australia. John beta is therefore using a population figure from some source other than the cited source, and combining the two by a mathematical calculation. However, that is exactly what is not allowed under the Original Research rule: it is Synthesis of published material: "Do not combine material from multiple sources to reach or imply a conclusion not explicitly stated by any of the sources. Similarly, do not combine different parts of one source to reach or imply a conclusion not explicitly stated by the source. If one reliable source says A, and another reliable source says B, do not join A and B together to imply a conclusion C that is not mentioned by either of the sources. This would be improper editorial synthesis of published material to imply a new conclusion, which is original research performed by an editor here."
Second, we don't know the source of the total Australia population John beta is using. Is it the official Australian census? Don't know. Is it for the same year as the demographic estimates given in the study cited? Don't know. Are the statistical methodologies used in the study cited, and the source for the total population, consistent with each other, so they together provide a reliable source? Don't know.
Third, as a result of the lack of data as to the source of the total population used by John beta, we don't even know what the number was that John beta used to multiply against the 76% rate. By a reverse calculation, the number appears to be 25,789,473, but that is nowhere stated in the source report, to support the number of 19,600,000.
Fourth, the report itself highlights that official statistics on the issue of ethnic origins of Australians are hard to come by, which it states at p. 07: "Providing definitive statistics about the cultural diversity of the Australian population is a difficult task. There are no official statistics on the ethnic or cultural composition of the population. The Australian Bureau of Statistics, through the Census, collects data on people’s place of birth, languages spoken at home, and self-identified ancestry. However, none of these variables alone provide a satisfactory measure of cultural diversity." Given this lack of official data, and the fact that the authors of the report repeatedly refer to their demographic percentages as "estimates", it is very difficult to rely on those estimates, which have no official backing, and multiply them against a total population source of unknown provenance.
Overall, I think that the number of 19,600,000 is both original research and not a reliable source, and therefore have reverted it. Mr Serjeant Buzfuz (talk) 14:46, 12 September 2021 (UTC)
"Full European ancestry" is a racist approach in this article
This article uses the term "full European ancestry" as part of its baseline analysis, as the lead line in the infobox, and in the map later on. As well, the population numbers cited seem to trend towards being about white people in the various countries. In my opinion that is a racist premise. If this article is truly about European emigration to other parts of the world and its impact, then there is no reason to tie the analysis only to people of "full European ancestry." That is implicitly saying that only those who have "full European ancestry" (whatever that is) qualify as part of the subject matter of this article. Other people who can trace their ancestry to Europe, but aren't of "full" European ancestry don't count as part of the analysis of European ancestry. In other words, this article is just about white people. --Mr Serjeant Buzfuz (talk) 18:51, 12 September 2021 (UTC)
* To the extent we can find hard numbers for emigration from Europe over the past five centuries, that seems a relatively objective standard. However, trying to determine the number of people of European ancestry in countries outside of Europe today whiffs of racism. There are no generally accepted objective standards, and the concept of full European ancestry ignores the basic fact that people have children in mixed ethnic backgrounds. Trying to determine people of "full European ancestry" for that infobox is just not acceptable, and there is not hard data to support it. That entire infobox should be deleted, in my opinion. Mr Serjeant Buzfuz (talk) 19:04, 12 September 2021 (UTC)
* I've now gone through the article and deleted several additional examples where the text assumed that only White people counted as people of European descent. Several of the entries for Central and South America made that assumption, completely ignoring the Mestizo populations, which also have European ancestry. I have left in passages which refer to both White and Mestizo populations, which do recognise that "non-Whites" may have European ancestry.
* The more I work with this article, the more I think that the attempts to state current levels of European ancestry is fundamentally misguided, both for racism grounds, and the extremely shaky statistics. The article should just focus on the history of European emigration, not try to analyse current levels of European ancestry. Mr Serjeant Buzfuz (talk) 20:13, 12 September 2021 (UTC)
* I think to include a notice in the infobox that declares something along the lines of "May or may not include people with partial European ancestry, see each country's section for details" could solve this problem. Pob3qu3 (talk) 19:50, 13 September 2021 (UTC)
* That says to me: "Wikipedia put a lot of effort into identifying whites of European descent. Wikipedia doesn't really care about identifying brown people of European descent." Mr Serjeant Buzfuz (talk) 21:48, 13 September 2021 (UTC)
Mexico total number is original research
The same dispute about original research that came up above in relation to the number for Australia has now come up with respect to the figure given for Mexico's European population in the infobox, this time between me and Editor Pob3qu3. I'm pinging, so that we can discuss the issue here.
The number given in the infobox for Mexico is 59,000,000. There are four citations given in support of that number. None of the four articles given in those four citations include that number of 59,000,000.
Editor Pob3qu3 states in their edit notes that it is acceptable to take some of the percentages (unspecified) from those articles, multiply them against some (unknown) population figure, and that's sufficient for a reliable cite.
My position is that type of editor calculation fails the basic requirement for Verifiability. A reader following those cites will not find the number 59,000,000, will not know how that number was derived, and will not know what population number was used to derive that number of 59,000,000.
I'll repeat the quotation from the Wiki Guide to No Original Research, which I quoted above in the Australia section. That type of combining two different numbers from different sources is exactly what is not allowed under the Original Research rule: Synthesis of published material:
"Do not combine material from multiple sources to reach or imply a conclusion not explicitly stated by any of the sources. Similarly, do not combine different parts of one source to reach or imply a conclusion not explicitly stated by the source. If one reliable source says A, and another reliable source says B, do not join A and B together to imply a conclusion C that is not mentioned by either of the sources. This would be improper editorial synthesis of published material to imply a new conclusion, which is original research performed by an editor here."
That same concern arises here. In their edit note, Editor Pob3qu3 says that the articles "... do mention percentages (from which said number can be easily calculated)." They don't say what methodology they are using to perform that calculation. They don't say which percentages they are using from the articles. They don't say what base population number they are using for that calculation. They don't say the source of that base number.
A reader who wants to verify the population number in the infobox by checking the citation is left unable to do so, which defeats the purpose of the citation and goes contrary to the Core content policies.
That's why I've marked that population number, and many others in the infobox, as "failed verification" and "original research". Mr Serjeant Buzfuz (talk) 21:39, 13 September 2021 (UTC)
* As you have cited above, Wikipedia's synthesis policy states: Do not combine material from multiple sources to reach or imply a conclusion not explicitly stated by any of the sources. In this discussion we are dealing with a source that outright, textually states that nearly half of the surveyed population is White, thus it can't be considered to be a synthesis in any way. You know this, which is why the reason you gave in your edit summary the last time you tagged it was on the lines of "it only surveyed adults, thus it can't be used to calculate the total of White Mexicans in the country" not taking into consideration that nearly all surveys and censuses conducted in the world survey only people older than 18, this is an overreach and an example of WP:HEAR, as is you claiming that sources that give percentages can't be used either as you don't know what the total base population was at the time. Finally, your argument about not knowing what methodology was used doesn't makes much sense, no section in this article other than Mexico's goes in detail about what the methodology used was as well as the reasons for which it's been used. Hope this clears it up. Pob3qu3 (talk) 22:02, 13 September 2021 (UTC)
* I hear you. I disagree with you. Those are two different things. :) Sounds to me like you are confirming you are doing original research. You're taking a population stat from one of the articles (which one?), you're then multiplying it against a population number (which one?), from an unknown source (where?). That is exactly what the rule against original research prohibits: performing synthesis from two different sources to get a result that is not in the cited sources. The reader can't verify the number directly from the sources cited.
* Since we seem to have reached an impasse here, could I suggest we take the discussion to the No original research/Noticeboard? Mr Serjeant Buzfuz (talk) 22:16, 13 September 2021 (UTC)
* I was googling around to try to educate myself more on this issue of Mexico's population break-down, and came across the Wikipedia article White Mexicans. It says that the population "Estimates range 11 million to 59 million" and give four different cites, including two of the ones given on this page. Now, Wikipedia is not itself a reliable source, but if it is citing such a wide variance just in the category of "white Mexicans" of European ancestry, I think that the prohibition on Original Research really comes into play for this article. Mr Serjeant Buzfuz (talk) 22:59, 13 September 2021 (UTC)
* Already brought the issue to said noticeboard myself, don't worry. Pob3qu3 (talk) 23:03, 13 September 2021 (UTC)
wrong numbers
Australia according 2016 Census in Australia was (76% European or 17.8 million people) and 24% others and not 23.5 million Ostrich2Emperor (talk) 15:30, 11 June 2023 (UTC) | WIKI |
Do Fluctuating Temperature Environments Elevate Coral Thermal Tolerance?
While differences in thermal tolerance among regions with distinct annual mean temperatures were first recognized as evidence of coral thermal adaptation or acclimatization, thermal variation on much smaller spatial and temporal scales also appears to affect coral thermal tolerance. In this study, the authors measured the timing of high thermal pulses in a pair of pools in Ofu, American Samoa, and tested whether a coral population exposed to more frequent and more extreme pulses was associated with higher thermal tolerance relative to a population exposed to more moderate variation in the bleaching sensitive coral Acropora hyacinthus. The results showed that corals from the thermally variable pool, all of which hosted heat-resistant symbionts, evidenced lower mortality and less severe declines in photochemical efficiency than corals from the thermally moderate pool, regardless of symbiont type. The results highlighted the importance of monitoring multiple, potentially interacting mechanisms when considering the potential for reef corals to resist rising temperatures.
Author: Oliver, T.A. and S.R. Palumbi
Year: 2011
View Full Article
Coral Reefs 30(2): 429-440. doi:10.1007/s00338-011-0721-y
Share on FacebookTweet about this on TwitterEmail this to someone | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Trump will delay tariff increases on China, meet with President Xi
Washington (CNN)President Donald Trump announced on Sunday he will be delaying US tariffs on China and will be planning a summit with Chinese President Xi Jinping at Mar-a-Lago to finalize the trade agreement. "As a result of these ... very productive talks, I will be delaying the U.S. increase in tariffs now scheduled for March 1. Assuming both sides make additional progress, we will be planning a Summit for President Xi and myself, at Mar-a-Lago, to conclude an agreement. A very good weekend for U.S. & China!" Trump posted in two tweets. The President cited "substantial progress" on trade talks with China, pointing to "important structural issues including intellectual property protection, technology transfer, agriculture, services, currency, and many other issues." The President's announcement comes as he prepares to meet with North Korean leader Kim Jong Un this week in Hanoi, Vietnam. Trump will be focused on getting a "demonstrable, verifiable" step toward denuclearization from Kim, Secretary of State Mike Pompeo told CNN's Jake Tapper on Sunday. Earlier on Sunday, Trump tweeted about the important role China is playing ahead of the talks with Kim and wrote, "President Xi of China has been very helpful in his support of my meeting with Kim Jong Un. The last thing China wants are large scale nuclear weapons right next door. Sanctions placed on the border by China and Russia have been very helpful. Great relationship with Chairman Kim!" In the Oval Office on Friday, Trump expressed similar optimism about trade negotiations with China, predicting there was a "very good chance" that the US and China would reach a trade agreement. Trump also suggested that if substantial progress was made, he "would be inclined" to allow up to a month longer for negotiations. This story has been updated. CNN's Kate Sullivan contributed to this report. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Giovanni Antonio Pandolfi
Giovanni Antonio Pandolfi may refer to:
* Giovanni Antonio Pandolfi (painter) (1541–1581), Mannerist painter from Pesaro
* Giovanni Antonio Pandolfi (musician) (1624–c. 1687), composer from Montepulciano | WIKI |
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 114 Part 2.djvu/581
PUBLIC LAW 106-362—OCT. 27, 2000 114 STAT. 1405 (2) DEPOSIT IN SPECIAL ACCOUNT. — (A) The Secretary shall deposit the payments received under paragraph (1) into the special account described in section 4(e)(1)(C) of the Southern Nevada Public Land Management Act of 1998 (112 Stat. 2345). Such funds may be expended only for the acquisition of private inholdings in the Mojave National Preserve and for the protection and management of the petrogl)^h resources in Clark County, Nevada. The second sentence of section 4(f) of such Act (112 Stat. 2346) shall not apply to interest earned on amounts deposited under this paragraph. (B) The Secretary may not expend funds pursuant to this section until— (i) the provisions of section 5 of this Act have been completed; and (ii) a final Record of Decision pursuant to the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) has been issued which permits development of an airport at the Ivanpah site. (d) REVERSION AND REENTRY. —If, following completion of compliance with section 5 of this Act and in accordance with the findings made by the actions taken in compliance with such section, the Federal Aviation Administration and the County determine that an airport should not be constructed on the conveyed lands— (1) the Secretary of the Interior shall immediately refund to the County all payments made to the United States for such lands under subsection (c); and (2) upon such payment— (A) all right, title, and interest in the lands conveyed to the Coimty under this Act shall revert to the United States; and (B) the Secretary may reenter such lands. SEC. 3. MINERAL ENTRY FOR LANDS ELIGIBLE FOR CONVEYANCE. The public lands referred to in section 2(a) are withdrawn from mineral entry under the Act of May 10, 1872 (30 U.S.C. 22 et seq.; popularly known as the Mining Law of 1872) and the Mineral Leasing Act (30 U.S.C. 181 et seq.). SEC. 4. ACTIONS BY THE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION. (a) DEVELOPMENT OF AIRSPACE MANAGEMENT PLAN.— The Secretary of Transportation shall, in consultation with the Secretary, prior to the conveyance of the land referred to in section 2(a), develop an airspace management plan for the Ivanpah Valley Airport that shall, to the maximum extent practicable and without adversely impacting safety considerations, restrict aircraft arrivals and departures over the Mojave Desert Preserve in California. (b) CERTIFICATION OF ASSESSMENT. —The Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall certify to the Secretary that the assessment made by the County under section 2(b)(1) is thorough and that alternatives have been developed to address each adverse effect identified in the assessment, including alternatives that ensure access to the Las Vegas Basin under visual flight rules at a level that is equal to or better than existing access.
� | WIKI |
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 62 Part 1.djvu/72
PUBLIC LAWS-CH. 83 -FEB. 28, 1948 58 Stat. 685. 42U.S.C.§209(a) (1). Ante, p. 40. Assignment. Authorized number. Ante, p. 39. Excess of authorized number. Ante, p. 39. Temporary promo- tions, etc. Ante, p. 39. Ante, p. 39. Absence of vacancy. 5S Stat. f85. 42U.. .C. 209. Ante, p. 40. Vacancies. Ante, p. 39. 58 Stat. 687. 42U.S.C.§211. Promotions up to and including director grade. "Restricted grade." regulation divide the corps into professional categories. Each cate- gory shall, as far as practicable, be based upon one of the subjects of examination set forth in section 207 (a) (1) or upon a subdivision of such subject, and the categories shall be designed to group officers by fields of training in such manner that officers in any one grade in any one category will be available for similar duty in the discharge of the several functions of the Service. "(b) Each officer of the Regular Corps on active duty shall, on the basis of his training and experience, be assigned by the Surgeon General to one of the categories established by regulations under sub- section (a). Except upon amendment of such regulations, no assign- ment so made shall be changed unless the Surgeon General finds (1) that the original assignment was erroneous, or (2) that the officer is equally well qualified to serve in another category to which he has requested to be transferred, and that such transfer is in the interests of the Service. "(c) Within the limits fixed by the Administrator in regulations under section 206 (d) for any fiscal year, the Surgeon General shall determine for each category in the Regular Corps the maximum num- ber of officers authorized to be in each of the grades from the assistant grade to the director grade, inclusive. "(d) The excess of the number so fixed for any grade in any category over the number of officers of the Regular Corps on active duty in such grade in such category (including, in the case of the director grade, officers holding such grade in accordance with section 206 (c)) shall for the purpose of promotions constitute vacancies in such grade in such category. For purposes of this subsection, an officer who has been temporarily promoted or who is temporarily holding the grade of director in accordance with section 206 (c) shall be deemed to hold the grade to which so promoted or which he is temporarily holding; but while he holds such promotion or grade, and while any officer is temporarily assigned to a position pursuant to section 205 (c), the number fixed under subsection (c) of this section for the grade of his permanent rank shall be reduced by one. "(e) The absence of a vacancy in a grade in a category shall not prevent an appointment to such grade pursuant to section 207, a per- manent length of service promotion, or the recall of a retired officer to active duty; but the making of such an appointment, promotion, or recall shall be deemed to fill a vacancy if one exists. "(f) Whenever a vacancy exists in any grade in a category the Surgeon General may increase by one the number fixed by him under subsection (c) for the next lower grade in the same category, without regard to the numbers fixed in regulations under section 206 (d); and in that event the vacancy in the higher grade shall not be filled except by a permanent promotion, and upon the making of such promotion the number for the next lower grade shall be reduced by one." SEC. 6. (a) Section 210 of such Act is amended to read: "SEC. 210. (a) Promotions of officers of the Regular Corps to any grade up to and including the director grade shall be either permanent promotions based on length of service, other permanent promotions to fill vacancies, or temporary promotions. Permanent promotions shall be made by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, and temporary promotions shall be made by the President. Each permanent promotion shall be to the next higher grade, and shall be made only after examination given in accordance with regulations of the President. "(b) The President may by regulation provide that in a specified professional category permanent promotions to the senior grade, or 42 [62 STAT.
� | WIKI |
What is a VPN Tunnel?
A VPN tunnel, also called VPN, an abbreviation for virtual private network, is a safe connection between your devices and the internet. The connection is secure by using data encryption. With an active VPN connection, no one can alter, interrupt, or monitor your internet interactions.
VPN Tunnel
How Does VPN Tunneling Work?
Tunneling is the process in which your online activity and data transmission are secure through the internet. But how does it work exactly? When data travels in a VPN tunnel, it splits into ” packets ” pieces. Then, the packets enter inside other packets through a process known as “encapsulation.”
With the entire packets and encapsulation process, encryption protects all your data from prying eyes. VPN tunneling also protects your actual IP address from intruders, including your internet service provider, ISP, by providing them with an entirely different address.
The address in question is an address by the VPN provider that multiple subscribers use. This way, no one can tell which activity is yours when you have an active connection.
In general, a VPN tunnel protects your chatting, internet surfing, and other online communications from prying eyes, such as the government, hackers, ISPs, or anyone else trying to intercept or monitor your online activity.
A VPN Connection | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Akata
The result was delete. Yunshui 雲 水 10:43, 28 February 2020 (UTC)
Akata
* – ( View AfD View log Stats )
Wikipedia is not a dictionary. I don't think this belongs here. —moonythedwarf (Braden N.) 00:03, 21 February 2020 (UTC)
* Mr.Moonythedwarf your reason for deleting the "Akata" Wikipedia webpage, that Wikipedia is not a dictionary, is completely invalid. The word "Akata" is an African slang that unfortunately has a negative connotation and misconception. If you were to search other racial charged slangs you will find their respective pages. Therefore I ask that this one remain. Thank you -David8592779 — Preceding unsigned comment added by David8592779 (talk • contribs) 02:23, 21 February 2020 (UTC)
* Delete per WP:DICTDEF and WP:GNG. There are a bunch of sources online but nothing that meets WP:RS. After the article is deleted, a redirect could be created to Nnedi Okorafor whose book series has this name. buidhe 02:37, 21 February 2020 (UTC)
* I don't think the creation of such a redirect is a good idea, as there are other entities with the name mentioned here and there that would come up in the search engine, and anyway Akata is apparently not the name of a book series but part of the name of two books. – Uanfala (talk) 15:40, 22 February 2020 (UTC)
* Delete per nom and Buidhe. The article's sources are insufficient to justify having an article. One is Urban Dictionary, which is not a reliable source. The other is a dictionary of the Yoruba language from 1858, which defines the word "akata" as "a kind of wild cat", not as "black panther" or "jackal" as this article states, nor does it mention the slang meaning described here which may not have arisen by 1858. --Metropolitan90 (talk) 05:27, 21 February 2020 (UTC)
* Delete. No sources. And since it's apparently a misunderstood term, redirecting to list of ethnic slurs doesn't apply. —МандичкаYO 😜 08:08, 21 February 2020 (UTC)
* Delete I did not find anything except user generated contents for this term! KartikeyaS343 (talk) 16:40, 21 February 2020 (UTC)
* Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Nigeria-related deletion discussions. Coolabahapple (talk) 21:55, 21 February 2020 (UTC)
* Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Language-related deletion discussions. Coolabahapple (talk) 21:55, 21 February 2020 (UTC)
* Delete per nom, Wikipedia is not a dictionary. The Living love ( Talk to me) 00:44, 22 February 2020 (UTC)
* Delete it's just a word. Analog Horror, (Communicate) 06:43, 22 February 2020 (UTC)
* Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Language-related deletion discussions. Robert McClenon (talk) 19:05, 22 February 2020 (UTC)
* <small class="delsort-notice">Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Africa-related deletion discussions. Robert McClenon (talk) 19:05, 22 February 2020 (UTC)
* Delete I recommend a speedy deletion for this article, It is absolutely waste, it has nothing to do with Knowledge, <b style="color:#00BFFF">An@ss_koko</b><sup style="color:#7F007F">(speak) <sup style="color:#7F007F">(war) 21:06, 22 February 2020 (UTC)
* The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. <b style="color:red">Please do not modify it.</b> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page. | WIKI |
Today's 5 things: Brexit. Immigration. Freddie Gray
Now you can get "5 Things You Need to Know Today" delivered to your inbox daily. Sign up here. (CNN)For some it's "independence day." For others, a "catastrophe." The United Kingdom's voted to leave the European Union. It's Friday, and here's what you need to know about Brexit -- and a few other things. 1. Brexit It's a divorce whose effects will ripple throughout the world for years. The United Kingdom voted yesterday to leave the European Union, the first country to ever leave the 28-nation bloc. The EU referendum was tight, but the Leave camp prevailed with almost 52% of the vote. Now starts the multi-year effort to extract the U.K. from the EU, moves that will affect everything from immigration to trade in not just Europe but throughout the world. The Brits are on their way out, and so is David Cameron. The U.K. prime minster resigned this morning after Brexit became a stunning new reality. He'll stay on until October, but thinks a new prime minister should take on the complex negotiations required for the U.K.'s EU exit. Cameron had defiantly campaigned for the Remain side, but the results could mark the end of his political career. How did the markets react? They freaked out. The pound crashed to three-decade lows. British stocks -- especially banking stocks -- tanked. Markets in Europe tumbled. So did Asian markets, with Japan's Nikkei closing down 7.9%, it's worst day in five years, and shares in India and Hong Kong slipping more than 4%. And get ready for a rough day on Wall Street: Dow futures dropped more than 500 points this morning. So what happens next? Years of negotiations. The EU and U.K. officially have two years to work out an agreement, but it'll probably take longer than that to untangle the Brits from the decades of legislation, treaties and deals between the two. The process starts Monday, when the EU's heads of government meet. Is Brexit the beginning of the end? Not just for the EU but the U.K. as well? Greece was already seriously thinking about leaving. Other EU members may follow suit: far-right and nationalist politicians in the Netherlands and France are already demanding EU membership referendums in their countries. Dominoes may start falling in the U.K. too. Scotland, which voted to Remain, is almost certain to call for another referendum on its independence -- so it can join the EU. Northern Ireland leaders may do the same. 2. Immigration The Supreme Court dealt the White House a big blow yesterday when it deadlocked on President Obama's controversial executive actions on immigration. The 4-4 tie means the programs will remain blocked for the rest of Obama's presidency. 3. EgyptAir 804 crash Egyptian officials weren't able to pull any information from EgyptAir Flight 804's badly-damaged black boxes. So they're sending them to France to see if they'll have any luck. The plane crashed into the Mediterranean last month, killing 66. 4. Freddie Gray Baltimore police officer Caesar Goodson was found not guilty of all charges yesterday in Freddie Gray's death. It's the third acquittal in the case, and since Goodson faced the most serious charge, many wonder if the trials for four other cops will even go forward. 5. Disney Walt Disney World reopened its beaches yesterday, a week after a gator snatched away a 2-year-old boy. The beaches will only be open in the daytime, and Florida officials think they caught the alligator responsible for the attack. Quote of the day "I don't think I've ever wanted magic more" Author J.K. Rowling, a strong supporter of Brexit's Remain campaign, wished on Twitter for a little help from Harry Potter. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Category:Underclass
Articles relating to the underclass and its depictions. It is the segment of the population that occupies the lowest possible position in a class hierarchy, below the core body of the working class. This group is usually considered cut off from the rest of the society. The general idea that a class system includes a population under the working class has a long tradition in the social sciences (for example, lumpenproletariat). However, the specific term, underclass, was popularized during the last half of the 20th century, first by social scientists of American poverty, and then by American journalists. | WIKI |
Page:VCH Hertfordshire 1.djvu/143
INSECTS ANOBIINA (continued) Ptilinus pectinicornis, Aldbury Ochina hederae, Mull. Xyletinus ater, Panz. Dorcatoma chrysome- lina, Sturm. flavicornis, F. L. Miswell and Boxmoor (Piffard) Hertford (Stephens) ICassiobury Park, Watford (Lew- cock) Lyctus canaliculatus, F. Aldbury Common, in oak fence CISSID.E Cis boleti, Scop. Tring, very common micans, F. Wihtone, very rare, in fungus on ash tree hispidus, Payk. Tring bidentatus, Ol. Aldbury, scarce, under bark of beech alni, Gyll. Tring and Aldbury, fre- quently found under beech bark nitidus, Herbst. Tring pygmaeus, Marsh. Tring, scarce festivus, Panz. Aldbury, once found in numbers under bark of a recently fallen beech tree vestitus, Mell. Felden (Piffard) Ennearthron affine, Gyll. Hastoe, rare Octotemnus glabriculus, Gyll. Tring CERAMBYCID^E PRIONINA Prionus coriarius, L. Hertford and Brox- bourne (Stephens) CERAMBYCINA Aromia moschata, L. Wihtone, scarce, in old willows by the reservoir Hylotrupes bajulus, L. Hertford (Stephens) Callidium violaceum, L. Tring, very abundant in summerhouse built of fir wood ; New Barnet (Newbery) Callidium variabile, L. ] alni, L. Hertford (Stephens) Clytus arcuatus, L. j arietis, L. Hastoe, not common Gracilia minuta, F. Tring, found crawl- ing on a wall in the town Obrium cantharinum, L. Broxbourne (Stephens) Molorchus minor, L. Hertford (Stephens) Rhagium inquisitor, F. Tring, rare Toxotus meridianus, Panz. Tring, not uncommon Pachyta collaris, L. ).,, /c, . Leptura livida, F. J Hert f rd (Stephens) Strangalia armata, Herbst. Brown's Lane, Hastoe, not common melanura, L. Aldbury, rare Grammoptera ruficornis, F. Tring LAMIINA Leiopus nebulosus, L. Bovingdon, one specimen only Pogonochaerus bidentatus, Thorns. Miswell dentatus, Fourc. Miswell; have taken this and the preceding species spar- ingly in old hawthorn hedge Tetrops prasusta, L. Puttenbam, rare, in hawthorn blossom Phytoecia cylindrica, L. Hertford (Fowler) BRUCHID.E Bruchus cisti, F. Aldbury, usually com- mon on Helianthemum vulgare canus, Germ. Miswell, rare, two examples on Onobrychis saliva rufimanus, Boh. Tring, occasionally taken by sweeping loti, Payk. Hertford (Stephens) villosus, F. Wigginton, rare CHRYSOMELID^E EUPODA Donacia dentata, Hoppe. Hertford (Ste- phens) versicolorea, Brahm. Wigginton, found in several ponds on species of Pota- mogeton ; somewhat later in appear- ing than most members of the genus (July and August) spargani, Ahr. Miswell, on Spar- ganium ramosum, growing by side of canal ; Watford (Lewcock) ; Boxmoor (Pifiard) limbata, Panz. Miswell, scarce simplex, F. Wihtone, Little Tring, etc. vulgaris, Zsch. Miswell, on Typha latifolia semicuprea, Panz. Tring, common on Carices, by side of canal at Gamnel ; Hertford (Stephens) sericea, L. Tring ; Watford (Lewcock) affinis, Kunze. Wihtone, plentiful on Carices Zeugophora subspinosa, F. Bricket Wood (Piffkrd) Lema cyanella, L. Tring, frequently found on Cirsium arvense lichenis, Voet. Wilstone, rather com- mon about the reservoir melanopa, L. Tring, by no means common Crioceris asparagi, L. Tring, common, in several gardens in the town on As- paragus officinalis CAMPTOSOMATA Clythra quadripunctata, L. Hertford (Ste- phens) Cryptocephalus aureolus, Suffr. Aldbury, common some years in the flowers of Hieracium pilosella I or | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Amin Fardin
The result was speedy delete. G5. Moneytrees🏝️Talk🌴Help out at CCI! 01:16, 16 September 2020 (UTC)
Amin Fardin
* – ( View AfD View log Stats )
Review of reputation پیام نگار (talk) 20:52, 13 September 2020 (UTC)
* Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Journalism-related deletion discussions. پیام نگار (talk) 20:52, 13 September 2020 (UTC)
* Delete: dubious claims of popularity/significance and the references either have nothing to do with him (e.g. an academic journal article by someone with the same surname) or are self-published (e.g. a subreddit that he created about himself which has exactly one post - by himself). ... disco spinster talk 21:03, 13 September 2020 (UTC)
* Why was Speedy declined!?! 2601:983:827F:6B20:DF4:D740:1AEE:557D (talk) 21:54, 13 September 2020 (UTC)
* And can we block the socks. 2601:983:827F:6B20:DF4:D740:1AEE:557D (talk) 00:54, 14 September 2020 (UTC)
* Delete The references are mostly unrelated to him. Lines like 'A video was uploaded to YouTube a year or two ago that contained revealing content about some officials', 'The YouTube channel gradually became popular and became popular as the music mafia became more popular in the country and expanded its activities.', 'The channel's director is Amin Fardin, who lives abroad' are falling under wp:promotion and wp:puffery. The person is not notable. -- ☆★ Mamushir ( ✉✉ ) 22:12, 13 September 2020 (UTC)
* Speedy delete G5 - created by a sockpuppet of ArmanAfifeh. Ahmadtalk 14:51, 14 September 2020 (UTC)
* Speedy delete per ahmad Mardetanha (talk) 17:25, 14 September 2020 (UTC)
* Speedy delete per Mardetanha Mardetanha--GeskepIR (talk) 19:30, 14 September 2020 (UTC)
| WIKI |
Moving Away from Interactive Sessions
In the articles like updating licenses for Azure AD accounts which use the Microsoft Graph PowerShell SDK to access Microsoft 365 data, we’ve used command issued in interactive sessions. As I point out in this article, this approach is great for exploring how the Graph SDK cmdlets work, while also having some significant points for programmers and administrators to understand. The most serious issue is permission accrual where consents gathered over time mean that the service principal used for the SDK can become over-permissioned. The solution is to use separate apps registered in Azure AD with consent for just enough permissions to get a job done; this creates a management challenge but it’s much more secure.
If you go along the path of using registered apps, you can use app-only authentication instead of delegated access. App-only authentication means that the app uses an X.509 certificate as its credential. The certificate can be self-signed (for testing purposes) or issued by a certificate authority. Microsoft’s documentation for using app-only authentication for the Microsoft Graph PowerShell SDK contains the steps to configure an app registered in Azure AD for app-only authentication. This article covers my experience of using the steps.
Get a Certificate
You probably don’t have an X.509 certificate hanging around waiting to be used, but they are easy to create with PowerShell. This code example runs the New-SelfSignedCertificate cmdlet to create a new certificate stored in the current user’s local certificate store on the workstation where the command runs:
$Cert = New-SelfSignedCertificate -DnsName office365itpros.onmicrosoft,com -CertStoreLocation "Cert:\CurrentUser\My" -FriendlyName "MicrosoftGraphSDK" -Subject "Test Cert for Microsoft Graph SDK"
Get-ChildItem "Cert:\CurrentUser\My\$($Cert.thumbprint)"
PSParentPath: Microsoft.PowerShell.Security\Certificate::CurrentUser\My
Thumbprint Subject
---------- -------
FC92991B21219F178AFB37C12DF231B6AFC3D790 CN=office365itpros.onmicrosoft
If you want to create the certificate in the certificate store for the local machine, specify Cert:\LocalMachine\My as the store location. You can only create new certificates in the local machine store if you run PowerShell as an administrator. For testing purposes, it’s OK to store the certificates you use in your store. When the time comes to put something into production, you’ll need different certificates installed on the machines where the code will run.
After creating the certificate, we export it to a .cer file. Here’s what I did:
Get-ChildItem "Cert:\CurrentUser\My\$($Cert.thumbprint)" | Export-Certificate -FilePath C:\temp\MicrosoftGraphSDK.cer
Directory: C:\temp
Mode LastWriteTime Length Name
---- ------------- ------ ----
-a---- 06/10/2021 17:01 861 MicrosoftGraphSDK.cer
Connecting the Certificate to an App
Azure AD registered apps act as containers to hold consent for a set of Graph permissions. The permissions enable the app to access data using Graph queries. When a script connects using app-only authentication, it authenticates by passing the thumbprint of a certificate known to the app instead of another mechanism like an interactive password or an app secret.
To make this possible, we must load the certificate file created using the Export-Certificate cmdlet into the app. This is done by going to the certificates and secrets section of the app properties and choosing the upload certificate option (Figure 1).
Uploading a certificate file to an Azure AD app
Figure 1: Uploading a certificate file to an Azure AD app
Remembering that the app holds the permissions we want to use with Graph queries, we need to add the required Graph permissions to the app. The exact permissions vary according to the data the app wants to access. You can experiment by running code in an interactive session to figure out the right set of permissions and then add them to the app. In Figure 2, I’ve added five application permissions ranging from Auditlog.Read.All (needed to read user sign in data) to User.Read.All (needed to read information about user accounts).
Graph permissions configured for an Azure AD app
Figure 2: Graph permissions configured for an Azure AD app
Note that the delegated User.Read permission is removed. This is a default permission which we don’t need.
Connecting to the Microsoft Graph
We need three pieces of information to connect to the Graph using the Connect-MgGraph cmdlet:
• The tenant identifier. You can copy this from the app properties.
• The app identifier. Again, this is available in the app properties.
• The certificate thumbprint. This is available as a property of the certificate (see the example above).
With this information, we can run a command like (remember to replace the tenant identifier, app identifier, and certificate thumbprint values as appropriate for your tenant):
Connect-MgGraph -TenantId "a562313f-14fc-43a2-9a7a-d2e27f4f3478" -AppId "d86b1929-b818-411b-834a-206385bf5347" -CertificateThumbprint "FC92991B21219F178AFB37C12DF231B6AFC3D790"
Welcome To Microsoft Graph!
To check that you’ve connected with the correct settings, run the Get-MgContext cmdlet. The important things to check here are the input settings for client identifier, tenant identifier, and thumbprint plus the permissions (scopes) available. The context scope should report Process instead of CurrentUser (an interactive login) and there should be no account name shown.
Get-MgContext
ClientId : d86b1929-b818-411b-834a-206385bf5347
TenantId : a562313f-14fc-43a2-9a7a-d2e27f4f3478
CertificateThumbprint : FC92991B21219F178AFB37C12DF231B6AFC3D790
Scopes : {Group.Read.All, MailboxSettings.Read, User.Read.All, Organization.ReadWrite.All...}
AuthType : AppOnly
AuthProviderType : ClientCredentialProvider
CertificateName :
Account :
AppName : Microsoft Graph PowerShell SDK Cert
ContextScope : Process
Certificate :
If something doesn’t look right, run the Disconnect-MgGraph cmdlet to terminate the session, go back and check the app settings (in particular, make sure that consent is given for all the required permissions), and try again.
Running Code
Once you’ve connected successfully with the right permissions, you can run your code. As usual, interactive prompts won’t work, so some adjustments might be necessary to take code created for an interactive session and make it work in a background job. After that, it’s a matter of figuring out operational details like:
• The X.509 certificates to use for authentication and how to install them in the right place
• How to submit the script as a background the job.
• Deal with the output (for instance, emailing a file with the script’s results).
All of which is another day’s work.
About the Author
Tony Redmond
Tony Redmond has written thousands of articles about Microsoft technology since 1996. He is the lead author for the Office 365 for IT Pros eBook, the only book covering Office 365 that is updated monthly to keep pace with change in the cloud. Apart from contributing to Practical365.com, Tony also writes at Office365itpros.com to support the development of the eBook. He has been a Microsoft MVP since 2004.
Comments
1. Kenneth
Dear Tony,
Has anything changed in the way this works?
I am running following code:
Connect-MgGraph -TenantId $tenant -AppId $application -CertificateThumbprint $certThumb
But powershell keeps throwing an error, and I don’t find any info on how to troubleshoot this.
Connect-MgGraph : Parameter set cannot be resolved using the specified named parameters.
+ CategoryInfo : InvalidArgument: (:) [Connect-MgGraph], ParameterBindingException
+ FullyQualifiedErrorId : AmbiguousParameterSet,Microsoft.Graph.PowerShell.Authentication.Cmdlets.ConnectMgGraph
Hope you have some time to help!
1. Avatar photo
Tony Redmond
Works for me:
Connect-Mggraph -NoWelcome -AppId $AppId -TenantId $TenantId -CertificateThumbprint $CertThumbprint
et-mgcontext
ClientId : 8f005189-8c58-4fb5-a226-8851e13490cb
TenantId : a662313f-14fc-43a2-9a7a-d2e27f4f3478
Scopes : {CrossTenantInformation.ReadBasic.All, Directory.Read.All, User.Read.All, Chat.Read.All…}
AuthType : AppOnly
TokenCredentialType : ClientCertificate
CertificateThumbprint : F79286DB88C21491110109A0222348FACF694CBD
CertificateSubjectName :
Account :
AppName : PowerShellGraph
ContextScope : Process
Certificate :
PSHostVersion : 7.4.0
ManagedIdentityId :
ClientSecret :
Environment : Global
I’m using V2.9.1 of the SDK.
2. Doe Joy
That’s great article. But whenever trying to connect with certificate (.pfx) file always getting timeout issue. I have firewall enable because it is working with secret. I am owing a website https://JTSofttech.com
3. Davide
That works amazing, thank you! But, how do we authenticate via api.GraphAPI.from_certificate() in python?
Looks like it requires way more data, like: authority_host_uri, tenant, resource_uri, client_id, client_thumbprint, client_certificate)
File “site-packages\adal\self_signed_jwt.py”, line 55, in _sign_jwt
raise AdalError(“Error:Invalid Certificate: Expected Start of Certificate to be ‘—–BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY—–‘”, exp)adal.adal_error.AdalError: Error:Invalid Certificate: Expected Start of Certificate to be ‘—–BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY—–‘
4. Curibe
anyway on doing this on a mac using Powershell Graph SDK
1. Avatar photo
Tony Redmond
You could store the certificate thumbprint in Azure Key Vault and fetch it from there when you need to run the script.
5. pg
Thanks for sharing! when using Connect-MgGraph command, the function app console return command not found error. Is there a way to specify the module version in requirements.psd1 file or the module needs to be manually downloaded and uploaded?
6. Mike
Works like a charme! Thanks!
Leave a Reply | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Coca-Cola Syrup Plant
The Coca-Cola Syrup Plant is a former industrial building in St. Louis, Missouri that made soft drink concentrate for the Coca-Cola company. The National Register of Historic Places listed the structure which has since been converted to the residential Temtor Lofts.
History
Milton G. Clymer founded the Best-Clymer Manufacturing Company in 1913 to make preserves. In 1915 a major competitor, the Corn Products Refining Company, had to be broken up due to the Supreme Court finding that it was an illegal trust. In 1919, Clymer purchased assets from the trust and combined it with his earlier company to form the Temtor Fruit & Products Company. That larger company required a new factory, so Clymer hired his cousin, architect Harry G. Clymer, to design the building.
The factory was completed in 1920 with a spur from the nearby Missouri Pacific Railroad and located in the industrial Carondelet area of St. Louis. In 1928, Temtor encountered financial problems so the Preserves and Honey, Inc. purchased the facility and created a subsidiary called Michigan-Davis to run it. In turn, Michigan-Davis sold the factory to Coca-Cola in 1937 to convert it into a syrup plant.
Before then, the nearest syrup plant was in Chicago and company president Robert W. Woodruff wanted an additional source for the Midwest. Coca-Cola syrup plants are directly owned and controlled out of the headquarters in Atlanta to ensure the secret formula is not disclosed. In contrast, Coca-Cola bottling plants are relatively common independent franchisees who receive deliveries from a syrup plant. After five decades, Coca-Cola closed the plant in 1988.
In 2011, the building was converted into a mixed-use development called Temtor Lofts with 77 housing units. The project received brownfield grants for asbestos and lead abatement. A microbrewery and restaurant, Perennial Artisan Ales, moved into the first floor.
Architecture
The four-story building is C-shaped with an industrial Art Deco architecture. The exterior walls are brick with bays created by piers with a fenestration pattern consisting of sets of three windows. The top of the walls has terra cotta coping with a small parapet. Above the front door is a transom window and the "Coca-Cola" logo etched into a limestone panel.
The interior of the building is dominated by concrete mushroom columns. The basement originally contained large tanks for syrup storage. | WIKI |
Bank of Italy official says Carige offers strengths for buyer
MILAN (Reuters) - A top Bank of Italy official said on Wednesday he hoped that Banca Carige (CRGI.MI) could find a merger partner within a reasonable time and added the troubled bank had strengths which could benefit a potential buyer. Bank of Italy’s Deputy Governor Fabio Panetta told a parliamentary hearing that a merger was the best solution for Carige, which faces a state bailout if it fails to find a buyer. The European Central Bank put Carige under special administration this month after its top shareholder blocked a planned capital raising in December. Italy’s government has set up a 1.3 billion euro fund to prop up the bank and has granted it a state guarantee to sell debt. But it could also be called to inject capital under a so-called precautionary recapitalization scheme. Italy’s Economy Minister Giovanni Tria said on Wednesday a market solution for Carige was preferable, but the government was ready to deal with other situations. Rome is considering merging Carige, and fellow troubled lender Monte dei Paschi (BMPS.MI), with stronger rivals, sources familiar with the matter have told Reuters. UBS is helping Carige look for a buyer, but the bank’s chief executive said earlier this month that crucial elements such as its cost of capital were still unclear. Panetta said Carige had strengths that could be exploited by a buyer, such as a total capital ratio of 12-13 percent which could rise to 17-18 percent if it were taken over by another bank, due to a different assessment of asset risks. “So looking for a partner is not a fanciful thought”. Reporting by Stefano Bernabei and Giuseppe Fonte, writing by Giulio Piovaccari, editing by Alexander Smith | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
SAT
Etymology
.
Symbol
* 1) The decision problem of deciding whether a given Boolean formula has an assignment of Boolean values to its variables that makes it true. A famous NP-complete problem.
Pronunciation
* Initialism
* Acronym
Noun
* 1) (formerly acronyms Scholastic Aptitude Test and Scholastic Assessment Test): a national exam taken annually by high school juniors and seniors.
* 2) a national curriculum assessment, or exam.
* 1) a national curriculum assessment, or exam.
* 1) a national curriculum assessment, or exam.
* 1) a national curriculum assessment, or exam.
* 1) a national curriculum assessment, or exam.
* 1) a national curriculum assessment, or exam.
* 1) a national curriculum assessment, or exam. | WIKI |
Letters to the editor - On female genital mutilation, law, Central Asia, Brexit
Upgrade your inbox and get our Daily Dispatch and Editor's Picks. We read your article “An agonising choice” (June 18th). Female genital mutilation is a harmful practice and a violation of the human rights of girls and women. It has no health benefits. Health-workers who carry out the practice are actively causing physical and psychological harm. It is crucial that they uphold the Hippocratic oath of “do no harm” and are aware that there is no medical justification for FGM. Promoting lesser forms of FGM potentially results in more and repeated injury. Girls may be subjected to FGM several times, particularly if the family or community are not satisfied with the result of the first procedure. The WHO supports health-workers in upholding the rights of women and girls and in working towards the total abandonment of FGM. With necessary support health-workers can be agents of change in communities where social and cultural norms have proved to be a tenacious obstacle. FLAVIA BUSTREOAssistant director-generalFamily, Women and Children’s Health IAN ASKEWDirectorReproductive Health and ResearchWorld Health OrganisationGeneva What exactly does The Economist consider a “nick” on the female genitalia of young girls? And, what “form” of FGM do you stand for—“the least nasty version” or none at all? The least nasty version still violates the health and well-being of girls each year. To say that a “symbolic nick” is better than being “butchered in a back room by a village elder” does not fit with the context of what the issue comes down to: humanity. We believe in community-led cultural alternatives to FGM through “alternative rites of passage” ceremonies. These have no forms of a cut, so girls are able to continue their education, which makes it less likely that they will become child brides. For us, there is no “least nasty version” of FGM, there is simply no FGM. GITHINJI GITAHIGlobal chief executiveAmref Health AfricaNairobi “Bully pulpit” (June 25th) reported on the Catholic church’s lobbying against expanding the statute of limitations. But it is not an extension of the statute that is the target of opposition, but rather the proposed retroactive “reviver window” which would allow for the filing of claims that have run out of time. The statute of limitations is a cornerstone of the justice system. We should not succumb to mob justice and eliminate it, no matter how repugnant the alleged crime. THOMAS STEBBINSExecutive directorLawsuit Reform Alliance of New YorkAlbany, New York The Economist’s analysis of the influence of major powers in Central Asia (“Stans undelivered”, July 2nd) did not recognise Kazakhstan’s unique role in the region as a bridge between East and West. The “Great Game”you describe our country being subject to makes a neat headline, but that doesn’t make it true. We are not a silent bystander in anyone else’s strategy; we are a young country making its own independent way in the world. Rather than a Great Game we believe in a Great Gain, where states co-operate to achieve regional prosperity, stability and security. The continuing threat of international terrorism and violent extremism seen tragically most recently in Turkey, America and my own country is precisely why it is important that states work ever closer together to defeat this evil. We will continue to build good relations and strong economic ties with countries, big and small, to the east and west, north and south. We have close links with both Russia and China. Europe is our biggest trading partner and the United States our second biggest foreign investor after Europe. Only by remaining relentlessly focused on co-operation with all states will we ensure a Great Gain for all. ERLAN IDRISSOVForeign minister of KazakhstanAstana I appreciate the attention that the region and particularly my country receives as we celebrate the 25th anniversary of our independence. I strongly disagree with the way the Kyrgyz Republic, which as you noted, politically “is the freest” in the region, has been thrown into an overgeneralised characterisation of Central Asia’s stans. After President Almazbek Atambaev’s term ends at the end of 2017 the country will elect a new president for the next six years. This will be the second peaceful transfer of power in Kyrgyzstan after President Roza Otunbaeva was succeeded by President Atambaev in a 2011 presidential vote. The use of biometric data verification of voters and automatic ballot boxes during the latest parliamentary elections in October 2015 were unprecedented for the region. This vote put six parties in parliament, making our legislative chamber a real multiparty parliament and a genuine venue for political debate and parliamentary oversight of the executive. The article also says that President Atambaev “may be even more pro-Russian than his neighbours.” This characterisation is unfair, implying that pro-Russian leaders can’t be democratic. Having strategic relations with Russia, the country’s largest trading and security partner, does not make Kyrgyzstan and its president non-democratic. None of the current president’s family members occupy government positions, which is a clear break of previous practice under ousted Presidents Askar Akayev and Kurmanbek Bakiev who are in exile in Moscow and Minsk respectively. Kyrgyzstan is not involved in the so called New Great Game. It is not our game to play. What is absolutely clear is that we are leading the region in terms of democratic development. Grouping the stans together is inaccurate as there are now five different political systems and economies. AMBASSADOR KADYR TOKTOGULOVEmbassy of the Kyrgyz Republic to the United States and CanadaWashington, DC In 1962, during the debate on the case for a referendum on whether to join the EEC, Lord Beloff argued that a referendum is meaningful only if clear alternatives are set before the electorate (“Adrift”, July 2nd). In the absence of such clarity, “the electorate would…be doing no more than indicating a very general bias one way or another.” The Brexit referendum failed the Beloff test. The central proposition of the Leave side did not offer a single coherent alternative vision and was largely dependent on the outcome of uncertain negotiations and unpredictable markets. In these circumstances the referendum result could be interpreted as providing a blank cheque for the government to press ahead with the best deal that it can negotiate, with no requirement for further ratification from the electorate. That is scarcely tenable. The alternative interpretation is that the result simply indicates a bias towards leaving the European Union. This is more plausible. The result was an expression of discontent with the EU, but one that was conditioned by the attractiveness of the over-optimistic and deeply incompatible alternative futures outside the EU, depicted by the Leave campaign. There is an old saying in the City of London: You buy on the rumour and sell on the facts. The Leave campaign provided the rumours. The government must now, over the next two years, deliver the facts. Only when the electorate has those facts before it can it sensibly be asked to take a definitive decision on whether to leave. JOHN HAVARDLondon The Economist and most other serious publications take it as read that the Leave campaign was run almost exclusively on lies but the result must be respected despite the narrowness of the majority. Surely those two conclusions are incompatible? If a share prospectus was as mendacious as the Leave campaign, not only would a buyer be entitled to compensation but the sellers and their advisers would be liable to prosecution. JEREMY HICKSLondon Some people who came to Britain from east Europe, and indeed west Europe, with their valuable skills are now worried about their future after Brexit. David Cameron, Theresa May and Michael Gove must make it clear what they propose to do for migrants. The alternative is a very real prospect of intercommunity friction, maybe even strife. Nationalistic sentiment has been unleashed. Firm action to maintain order must be taken now to stop the problem escalating. This would allay the fears of investors, already disheartened at Britain’s choice to leave the EU. To aid this, a ministry for migrant communities should be set up. MAREK LASKIEWICZLeaderPolish Association in Great BritainLondon The European issue has been a festering boil for years and it needed to be lanced. David Cameron pledged to offer a referendum and he put it to Parliament where it was voted through overwhelmingly. It was Parliament that allowed this referendum. SUZANNE WEBBERGrateley, Hampshire Article 50 is, in fact, about a changed trade relationship (“Article 50 ways to leave your lover”, July 2nd). The words “future relationship”, which includes a trade relationship, are there in the text. The central sentence of Article 50 is unambiguous, in spite of all the assertions to the contrary by those who wish it said something different. It does not say, as one European commissioner apparently maintains, that withdrawal must take place first and negotiations for a future relationship can begin only afterwards. Who would jump out of an aeroplane first and think about organising a parachute afterwards? What it does say is that the arrangements for withdrawal must take into account the framework for the future relationship. That must therefore be decided first. This is standard procedure in cases of divorce. You cannot get divorced first and think about arrangements for the future (children, family home, etc) either separately or afterwards. DAVID PUGSLEYCullompton, Devon Your analysis is one-sided. The EU has many failures. The UK has no need to be linked to the economic models of Italy, France, Spain, Portugal and Greece. The British economy has the capability to thrive. Britain can and will trade with the rest of the world and with the EU. Not being shackled to second-rate bureaucrats in Brussels will be a massive boost in itself. London is the only truly global city on the planet. Anyone who thinks it can be replaced by Paris or Frankfurt is either delusional or naive. MARUF H. KHAN-NOORPURIDhaka, Bangladesh The prediction by market pundits that Britain would Remain shows the perils of forecasting and reminds me of the adage: those who have knowledge don’t predict and those who predict don’t have knowledge. VARAD SESHADRISunnyvale, California Nassim Nicholas Taleb has put it best: “When people vote the way of the intellectual-yet-idiot elite, it is ‘democracy’. Otherwise it is misguided, irrational, swayed by populism and a lack of education.” ANAND PANDYAMumbai A new entry for the Oxford English Dictionary: Plebicide n. the self-inflicted ruin of a nation’s prospects or interests via a reckless act of direct democracy. BRUCE STEEDMANSt Helier, Jersey | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
summarylogtreecommitdiffstats
path: root/.SRCINFO
blob: b43c15a0689b11260048f3bf4342336442f18a2e (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
pkgbase = raritynetwork-screenshot-util-git
pkgdesc = This is a command-line tool that takes a regular screenshot using either PNG, JPG, or a video capture using MP4, WebM, APNG and uploads it to Utils.Rarity.Network
pkgver = 3.3.2.r0.f525bcf4
pkgrel = 1
url = https://gitgud.io/rarity/RarityNetwork-Screenshot-Util
arch = any
license = custom:The Unlicense
depends = maim
depends = slop
depends = curl
depends = xsel
depends = mozjpeg-opt
depends = zopflipng-git
optdepends = torsocks: upload images through Tor
optdepends = ffmpeg: upload animated screenshots
options = !strip
source = git+https://gitgud.io/rarity/raritynetwork-screenshot-util.git
sha256sums = SKIP
pkgname = raritynetwork-screenshot-util-git | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:Raybob95/Books/Roman Catholicism:7
Roman Catholicism Volume VII
* Social Teachings
* Canon law (Catholic Church)
* Catholic social teaching
* Marriage
* Christian views on marriage
* Catholic teachings on sexual morality
* Sex, gender and the Roman Catholic Church
* Annulment (Catholic Church)
* Christian views on contraception
* Homosexuality and Roman Catholicism
* Catholic Church and health care
* Catholic school
* Catholic Church doctrine on the ordination of women
* Catholic Church and women | WIKI |
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 100 Part 4.djvu/103
PUBLIC LAW 99-538—OCT. 27, 1986 Public Law 99-538 99th Congress
^'S-,
100 STAT. 3031
- - I. ^ r c.; - i* > * • / '
Joint Resolution To designate the period commencing February 9, 1987, and ending February 15, 1987, as "National Burn Awareness Week".
Whereas the burn problem in the United States is the worst of any industrialized nation in the world; Whereas burn injuries are one of the leading causes of accidental death in the United States; Whereas every year approximately two million people are victims of burn injury in the United States; Whereas of these injuries, seventy thousand are hospitalized and account for nine million disability days annually; Whereas approximately twelve thousand people die from burn injuries; Whereas deaths resulting from burn injuries increased in 1985; Whereas the rehabilitative and psychological impact of burns are devastating; Whereas children, the elderly, and the disabled are most likely to suffer serious burns; Whereas it is estimated that approximately 75 percent of all burns could be prevented by proper education of children and adults; and Whereas there is a need for an effective national program that deals with all aspects of burn prevention: Now, therefore, be it Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the period commencing February 9, 1987, and ending Februaryr 15, 1987, is designated as "National Bum Awareness Week" and the President is authorized and requested to issue a proclamation calling upon the people of the United States and all Federal, State, and local government officials to observe such week with appropriate programs and activities. Approved October 27, 1986.
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY—S.J. Res. 410: CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Vol. 132 (1986): Oct. 3, considered and passed Senate. Oct. 10, considered and passed House.
Oct. 27, 1986 [S.J. Res. 410]
� | WIKI |
The Union of Crowns
The Union of Crowns is the second studio album by British metalcore band Bury Tomorrow. The album was released on 13 July 2012 through Nuclear Blast. It was produced by Antony Smith and Pedro Teixeira. It is also the last album to feature the band's founding lead guitarist Mehdi Vismara before he left the band in 2013. It was recorded within the first few months of 2012. The album's release was delayed several times by the band, in an attempt to find a record label who could provide international distribution simultaneously.
Upon release, the album received mixed to positive reception from critics. Whilst critics primarily praised the album's songwriting and its sonic progression from its predecessor, Portraits, negative criticism stemmed from the album's perceived lack of innovation within the metalcore genre, and an excessive length.
Background and recording
The band left their independent labels Basick Records and Artery Recordings and spent a lot of time trying to find a label who wouldn't wish to compromise with the band on the sound of The Union of Crowns. The band were encouraged by Artery Recordings, their American label to move and base themselves in the United States but they refused as they had little experience in the country. After sending some instrumental demos of new songs to Nuclear Blast records, the band felt Nuclear Blast had a lot of faith in them. The whole goal of the album for the band was to rival the standards of American metalcore bands. Bass guitarist Davyd Winter-Bates commented on the album target for the album saying "Portraits was about us proving we could do metalcore as well as the Americans, and The Union of Crowns marks the first step towards us showing the world that we can do it as well as anyone."
Influences, style and themes
The band's style is seen as metalcore, or more specifically "melodic metalcore". Their music features a contrast between melodic and aggressive vocal styles, intricate guitar riffs, clean-sung choruses and breakdowns. The album is seen as a showing a sonic evolution from the band's debut album, Portraits. Dani Winter-Bates when asked about the development from Portraits he said that "It's the same basic formula but we've all gotten better at our instruments." The band's sound will vary based on which vocalist takes the lead. Jason Cameron's "soulful" voice is matched by a melodic background, and is quickly contrasted by the chaos that surrounds Dani Winter-Bates aggressive growling.
Unlike their debut album, The Union of Crowns shows a melodic death metal influence, being comparable to As I Lay Dying. Lead vocalist Dani Winter-Bates, when asked how the music on the album sounds like he jokingly commented "basically if Michael Bolton joined Killswitch Engage." Furthermore, stating that the album is very similar to the works of Killswitch Engage and Parkway Drive. Both tracks "1603" and "A Curse" show progression beyond the band's typical sound experimenting with different instruments and song structures. "1603" uses a piano melody to open the track then guitar solo and melodic singing to guide the song. The album closer "A Curse" opens with a simple guitar riff, building to Jason's clean vocals and features no screaming vocals from Dani and closes with an "intense, powerful guitar solo."
The lyrics featured on the album talk about unification of England and Scotland and other themes of medieval society with a majority of the track names relating to royalty and medieval life. The purpose of the union as a theme was to represent the band's union with their fans.
Release and promotion
The band both headlined a stage at Southampton based Takedown music festival and was the main support for Of Mice & Men on their April tour of the UK. In these dates, Bury Tomorrow debuted their two new singles, "Lionheart" and "Royal Blood", as well as two brand new songs off the album at these live shows. On 1 May 2012, Radio 1 host Daniel P. Carter debuted the band's third single for the album "An Honourable Reign". The music video for "An Honourable Reign" was filmed in Snowdonia with production company Sitcom Soldiers editing the footage. On 9 July, the band unveiled the second track from the album "The Maiden". This was debuted both on Alternative Press and Daniel P. Carter's BBC Radio 1 podcast The Rock Show. On 14 July, Bury Tomorrow released a typography styled music video for "The Maiden". On 4 September, the band released a music video for the track "Knight Life".
The album's release was delayed several times by the band in effort to find a record label to help distribute and promote the album. Initially projected to be released in May of that year but then was pushed further back to be planned for late June. By 2 April 2012, the announcement that Bury Tomorrow had been signed to Nuclear Blast Records came the announcement of its release dates, starting with 13 July for the European Union, 16 July for the United Kingdom and 17 July for the United States. Upon its British release, on 16 July 2012, the entire album was streamed on their AbsolutePunk profile exclusively. Upon the album's release the album debuted at number 6 on Rock & Metal Chart, number 11 on the Independent Chart, and number 3 on the Independent Breakers Chart. In the United States, the album peaked on 4 August 2012 at number 25 on the Top Heatseekers chart and sold 1,062 copies all in its first week. Ahead of the release of the album, the band has planned to support Architects in November in a tour round Britain alongside Deez Nuts and The Acacia Strain. This tour is wrapped round both Bury Tomorrow's and Architects' appearance at UK Warped Tour. In cooperation with Monster Energy, a B-Side from the album, titled "Darkest Regions", was released as a free downloadable track on 26 December 2012.
The fifth and last music video released was for "Sceptres", which was released on 21 August 2013 leading up to their performance at Reading and Leeds Festival in the UK. In November, the song "Sceptres" appeared on the Kerrang! rock chart at number 20. This chart is a combination of all of a songs presence on the Kerrang! radio and television schedule and official chart sales. The band then went on their first British Headline tour with Feed the Rhino, Empress and Heart in Hand. After this tour the band did a short six show tour of Austria in November.
Critical reception
The album received generally positive reviews from critics, who primarily praised the album's song writing and sonic improvement from its predecessor. Bloody Good Horror in a pre-release review of the album gave a favourable assessment. Starting off the review stating "Bury Tomorrow doesn't reinvent the wheel on The Union of Crowns, but there are times when doing something well is its own form of progression." AltSounds writer Candice Haridimou gave the album a score of 89 out of 100. When talking about the track 'Royal Blood' she said "It's more than clear at this point that the band have the skill and the passion for making big music that makes a big impact, but their desire to grow is something that shines brightly above all. Its tracks like this that show they’re ready to take metal to a new level and that the goal doesn't always have to be tearing your face off."
Corey Hoffmeyer from Examiner.com credited the band for having a more concise and more creative album over their previous album, Portraits. Rock Freaks author Aleksi Pertola gave credit to singer Jason Cameron with both his vocal range and how the music was written to focus on his vocals. "Granted, the vast majority of the 14 songs do follow a rather traditional arrangement in terms of verse and chorus as a consequence. But when you've got such talent at your disposal, it would be foolish not to litter your songs with opportunities for Cameron to shine." Steven Spedding of Sputnikmusic credited their song writing and that they have found a formula that works for them saying "They have harnessed an ability to write more measured sections, where the aggression is toned down for tasteful instrumentals and this I feel is where they excel most." AllMusic writer Eduardo Rivadavia, in a four out of five star review praised the band for cohesively blending aggressive and melodic traits without sounding like polar extremes, further commenting "all this aggression always meshes judiciously with melodic counterpoints to maximum effectiveness."
Despite positive reviews, negative criticism stemmed from its lack of innovation and the album's sometimes considered excessive length. Spedding commented in his review Bury Tomorrow have "an obsession with padding out songs with breakdowns." Alternative Press writer Phil Freeman was very critical of the album, saying it "just isn't very interesting", further stating: "Nothing establishes Bury Tomorrow as a band with anything unique or surprising to offer—which puts them in exactly the same position they were in two years ago, when their first album, Portraits, was released." Hoffmeyer, despite an otherwise positive review described it as being "frequently plagued by the mediocrity that weighed Portraits down", also saying the album's lack of innovation is shown in their strong influence by other metalcore bands, saying 'Message to a King' is "basically a Parkway Drive song with clean vocals."
Personnel
* Bury Tomorrow
* Dani Winter-Bates – unclean vocals
* Mehdi Vismara – lead guitar
* Jason Cameron – rhythm guitar, clean vocals
* Davyd Winter-Bates – bass
* Adam Jackson – drums, percussion
* Additional personnel
* Antony Smith – engineering, production
* Pedro Teixeira – engineering, mixing, production
* Mike Curtis – engineering
* Jeff Dunne – editing
* Jamie Graham – management
* Beckie Sugden – booking
* Jacob Hansen – mastering
* Jaap Wagemaker – A&R
* Clinton Watts – editing | WIKI |
kroes
Etymology 1
From, possibly an old Germanic borrowing of.
Noun
* ,, drinking vessel
* 1) used for heating or smelting resources and raw materials
Etymology 2
From, , from. Related with, whence 🇨🇬. Further origin. Possibly from, contracted from , same source as 🇨🇬. Cognate with 🇨🇬. The form with instead of expected is either a Hollandic relict form or from eastern dialects.
Adjective
* 1) frizzy, nappy | WIKI |
Original Paper
Experimental Brain Research
, Volume 102, Issue 2, pp 305-318
Topographic distribution of the axonal endings from the sensorimotor and associative striatum in the macaque pallidum and substantia nigra
• C. FrançoisAffiliated withLaboratoire de Neurologie informationnelle, INSERM U106, Pavillon Claude Bernard, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, 47 Boulevard de l'Hôpital
• , J. YelnikAffiliated withLaboratoire de Neurologie informationnelle, INSERM U106, Pavillon Claude Bernard, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, 47 Boulevard de l'Hôpital
• , G. PercheronAffiliated withLaboratoire de Neurologie informationnelle, INSERM U106, Pavillon Claude Bernard, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, 47 Boulevard de l'Hôpital
• , G. FénelonAffiliated withLaboratoire de Neurologie informationnelle, INSERM U106, Pavillon Claude Bernard, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, 47 Boulevard de l'Hôpital
Rent the article at a discount
Rent now
* Final gross prices may vary according to local VAT.
Get Access
Abstract
The striatopallidonigral connection was studied by injecting anterograde tracers into either the associative or the sensorimotor striatum in ten macaques. The results were analyzed using a precise cartographic method. Injections into various parts of the associative striatum (caudate nucleus and ventromedial putamen) produced a labeling of axons in the dorsomedial and ventral pallidal regions. These associative regions occupied two-thirds of the lateral pallidum and one-third of the medial pallidum. Bands of labeled axons from the sensorimotor striatum (dorsolateral putamen) were found in the remaining, central part of the two pallidal nuclei. In the substantia nigra, the rostral associative striatum projected medially to the pars reticulata, while the caudal parts projected laterally. The whole pars reticulata and lateralis thus appeared to receive associative striatal inputs. The sensorimotor striatal territory projected to the central part of the pars reticulata/lateralis. It was concluded that the two functional territories remain separate in the two pallidal nuclei but overlap in the middle third of the substantia nigra. However, due to their great size, the pallidal neurons located at the border of the two territories may receive striatal inputs from both the associative and the sensorimotor components in the same way that nigral neurons do.
Key words
Basal ganglia Caudate nucleus Putamen Substantia nigra Pallidum Associative striatum Sensorimotor striatum Monkey | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Free People
Free People is an American bohemian apparel and lifestyle retail company that sells women’s clothing, accessories, shoes, intimates, and swimwear. It also has a beauty and wellness category, which includes products such as cosmetics, skin, and oral care, oral supplements, crystals, and books. Their headquarters is located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and Free People is a part of Urban Outfitters, Inc., along with Anthropologie, BHLDN, Terrain, and the Vetri family restaurant group.
Today, Free People sells their line in 1,400 specialty stores worldwide. The brand is distributed globally via direct channels, including the Free People Global site, and Free People UK site, as well as specialty clothing boutiques, department stores, and the brand’s freestanding retail locations in the U.S. and Canada.
History
In the early 1970s, Richard Hayne opened a store in West Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, with his first wife, Judy Wicks, and named it Free People. His store attracted the young people who lived and shopped in the area. When its popularity grew, he opened a second store, and he changed its name from Free People to Urban Outfitters. Urban Outfitters’ business began to grow rapidly. Dick’s then wife, Meg, oversaw the development of Urban Outfitters’ private label division, which supported product exclusive to Urban Outfitters. This proved to be quite successful; by 1984, the wholesale line "Free People" was back in action.
In the fall of 2002, the first Free People Boutique opened in Paramus, New Jersey. Since the first boutique opened, there are now boutiques all over the United States and Canada. Free People developed an app which allows users to shop and to upload their own looks and pictures wearing Free People clothing and products.
In 2006, Free People partnered with Ed Mullen Studio to design an e-commerce strategy.
As of 2021, Free People sells in over 1,400 specialty stores worldwide. Some department stores, such as Nordstrom and Bloomingdale's, have created in-store concept shops.
Along with serving as URBN’s chief creative officer, Margaret Hayne is also currently chief executive of Free People.
In the first six months of 2013, sales topped $180 million, an increase over the $135 million in 2012; the company's use of big data and social commerce were factors in its sales growth.
Boutiques and showrooms
Free People has a total of 136 free standing boutiques across the United States and Canada. The company also operates wholesale a pop-up showroom located in the United Kingdom: the only store outside of North America. There are shows every month. It also sells sell its clothing to independent boutiques within Canada. The company's flagship, resides in Rockefeller Center, NYC. It is Free People's largest standing store, but it is not much different from the other brick and mortar stores. The theme and vibe of the brand is apparent from store to store.
Controversies
In May 2015, the company was criticized online by professional ballet dancers for using an untrained dancer in an ad.
In April 2016, the company was criticized for the advertisements of its new clothing line directed towards music festival attendees. The advertisements promoted Native American styled clothing on a Caucasian model, which garnered criticism on social media.
Sponsored Athletes
Free People lists the following athletes as brand ambassadors:
Track & Field
* Annie Kunz
* Jess Hunter
* Quanesha Burks
* Jessie Knight
* Dominique Ruotolo
Tennis
* Sloane Stephens
* Danielle Collins
Volleyball
* Julia Scoles
Snowboard
* Ty Schnorrbusch
* Emily Arthur | WIKI |
Learn How To Be a Better Programmer by Automating the Boring Stuff
Photo by Oscar Nilsson on Unsplash
The equivalent of playing scales is writing small programs, alone. Unfortunately, playing scales (a) doesn’t teach you anything about music, and (b) is boring as hell.
This is what Eric S. Raymond said in his article, How to Learn Hacking. I have been learning programming for more than one year now, and I have to say that I agree with him.
Unfortunately, teaching-through-small-programs is the approach that most teachers, books, and college curricula take.
Although such programs are able to teach you the mechanics of how conditional statements and loops work and how to write functions, they fail to provide a deeper understanding of them.
The problem with the teaching-through-small-programs approach is that it doesn’t
• develop your intuition - like how to go about modularizing your code
• address how to write functions so that can be reused when extending your program to new use cases
• talk about the trade-off between writing readable code and compact code
• provide focus on the need for a good and consistent programming style
In summary, they fail to teach the core design choices that one learns to make when creating larger programs.
Writing extensible code is not so simple!
In addition to these flaws, the approach is boring as hell! Designing such features in your programs is what makes programming fun in the first place. Small programs just don’t have enough room to encourage a student to ponder over them and gain the necessary intuitions. On the other hand, with actual programs, these skills become a necessity.
This means that you must take matters into your own hands, find a good problem, and code a solution for it.
Finding good problems
A good problem provides a stage. A stage where you can apply your knowledge, see its effects, and draw conclusions from it to improve and go back to perform.
It is important that you pick a problem that you want to solve — something that seems daunting, but at the same time makes you feel like — “It would be cool if I wrote a program for this”. When the program that you are building tries to solve a problem that you care about, you will be motivated to learn and grow. You will always want to work on improving your solution.
Finding a good problem to work on might feel difficult at first. That’s only because you have set the bar too high. You may have watched the movie The Social Network too much and hope to make the next Google or Facebook out of this project. This will only slow down the learning, make you create unrealistic goals, and most dangerously, make you procrastinate.
Remember, your goal is not to write a billion dollar software. It is to create a program that is going to provide a stage for you to work on and simply learn from.
A stage that won’t give you the stage fright!
A way to find such problems
How often do you find yourself doing a task so redundant and boring that it feels like it might actually be making you dumber? How often do you wish that you had some intelligent pet or a genie who could do that work for you? And you know that they could do this work faster, too, since they wouldn’t slouch like you do.
You know what? You already have such a pet - your computer. Each of these mundane tasks presents an opportunity to write a program and tell this “intelligent pet” what it needs to do for you.
Writing good solutions
After you have chosen your problem, you will want to craft the best possible solution to it. Let’s see what Brian W. Kerninghan says about good software in his book The Practice of Programming.
The basic principles that form the bedrock of good software are simplicity, which keeps programs short and manageable; clarity, which makes sure they are easy to understand, for people as well as machines; generality, which means they work well in a broad range of situations and adapt well as new situations arise; and automation, which lets the machine do the work for us, freeing us from mundane tasks.
It is sad that only a few of the Introduction to <add programming language here> books cover these topics. It’s even sadder to think how a lot of the programming courses in colleges completely neglect this aspect of programming.
When you have a problem that you have invented (or most probably, reinvented) yourself, you will have a solution that you can care about. A solution that you want to constantly improve upon.
In this section I am going to use an example from my personal experience to better explain what I am saying.
So, I happen to use Chrome Bookmarks a lot!
Really A LOT!!
Problem 1: Adding comments to bookmarks with long titles
If you look closely, you might find that I have added personal comments at the end of these bookmarks. This is because, sometimes, it can get really difficult to remember the exact reason or motivation behind a bookmark. Sure, the title does a pretty good job at explaining what the page contains, but not why I found the contents helpful or what I feared losing had I not saved its link - which is why I added the comments.
I use || at the end of the default name provided by Chrome and add my comment(s) after that.
Now, here’s the problem.
Sometimes, this default name is really long and adding a comment means having to Ctrl+left on a whole lot of words before I can get to the end. Exhausting!
I realise that the problem might not appear too severe, but it can really mess up the flow of research sometimes. Also, hey, we are not trying to create a billion dollar software, remember?
Problem 2: Copying a bookmark with its title
I bookmark every good thing I fear losing, organize it by folders depending on the topic it might belong to, and put a comment on it. For this reason, they are of great value to me. Every time someone asks me about some particular topic I know of, I try to steer the conversation so that I can share some bookmarks from that topic’s folder.
No, I am not trying to boast that I know everything or demonstrate that I am not selfish. I genuinely think that this will help them because:
1. The folder contains the best of my own know-how on the subject.
2. With the title and the personal comments, each bookmark becomes well documented - so the person doesn’t just get a bunch of hyperlinks and gets added value.
3. I believe that this is better than me trying to spoon-feed and explain it verbally. True learning can happen only when people browse the web themselves.
Now, here’s the problem. Chrome does not provide a quick and easy way to copy a bookmark along with its title, as far as I know. If I copy some bookmark and paste it in some editor, I only get its hyperlink.
So, if I want to share everything, I need to go to the edit option, select the title from there, paste it somewhere, and do the same thing for the hyperlink. And what if I want to share a whole lot of bookmarks? I need to do this for each link separately!
An extremely mundane task
This is what I wish adding a bookmark to Chrome was like instead
• I wish that the star icon at the upper right corner of the address bar had a Comment option along with Name and Folder .
The current options
• I wish that Chrome allowed me to download all bookmarks in a folder to my local machine as a plain text file. In that file, it should display each bookmark in the following format:
* Title - <bookmark_title>
* Comment - <bookmark_comment>
* URL - <bookmark_url>
So I rubbed my magic lamp thinking, “O Genie! These are my wishes. Can you please make them come true? _/\_”
The Solution
Until last month, I did not even think that there was a plausible way to actually do that. I thought that the only way it might be possible was to use an open-source browser and tweak the code in it to suit my needs.
After some initial research I discovered that I would never be doing that. Browsers are one of the most difficult and largest pieces of software, and I am certainly not tinkering with their code no matter how welcoming the open-source community of Firefox is.
Then, I read an answer to the question “What are some great programming projects for beginners” on Quora. It said how a newbie can make a Chrome browser extension that replaces all the photos in your Facebook’s news feed to photos of cats.
That’s when I realised the power of a browser extensions and thought, that’s whats gonna help me fulfill my wishes.
Chrome browser extension and chrome.* API
The Chrome browser has a neat API called chrome.* API. That is, every API whose name starts with chrome.
Anyone can use it to create their own browser extension. Basically, it gives developers access to a few functions that they may use to easily create more abstract code.
A browser extension uses ordinary HTML/CSS along with JavaScript. I read that it’s easy, even for beginners, to create a simple browser extension. All you need is a little knowledge of HTML/CSS and JavaScript.
I had gone through the Head First HTML and CSS book a while ago, but I didn’t know any JavaScript. I thought about shying away from the project. After all, I wanted to do a project to improve my fluency with a language that I already knew (Python or C++).
But I also desperately needed a project to showcase on my Github profile.
Time to learn a new language
I decided to learn the basics of JavaScript like variable and function declarations and definitions, loops, and conditions. This hardly took any time at all. It seems like it’s basically the same thing in all the languages.
I would learn the rest of the JavaScript features as I came across them in the tutorials and guides about creating an extension. It was time to create my very own extension.
Reading the documentation and learning from it
There exists only a handful of tutorial videos or articles that can guide you to creating a Chrome browser extension. Probably because browser extensions never became too hot.
I found that the stuff that I was gonna need was present inside the chrome.bookmarks API. This turned out to be a somewhat unusual request. Relatively few extensions use it. This meant that there was no tutorial on how to use it.
Before this, everything that I ever learned was inside nicely packaged tutorials or guides that would spoon-feed the topic. But this time, I had to learn by going through the documentation only.
It was like I was presented with this whole arsenal of methods in front of me along with a small user reference manual. Now, I had to identify, by myself, the tools that could be of most help in accomplishing my goal.
In doing all this, I realized the importance of the “Hello World” program
I had always felt that the “Hello World program” was highly overrated.
I mean it is kind of welcoming to newcomers and everything, but it’s not so great that every programming book/tutorial ever needs to start with it.
It never fascinated me enough to write and try it for myself.
I had set up my browser so that it could load the extension from my local machine. I followed the instructions from the documentation and created some compulsory files. Now, I could start coding the actual extension using the bookmarks API.
But wait. What if there is some problem with the setup? What if I missed something critical in the documentation? I needed to be sure before I actually did some work and spent time creating something only to realize that it couldn’t possibly work.
That’s when I felt the need to create a ‘Hello World’ extension.
I think that the Hello World program is not so much of a first program as it is a reassurance that things work. That if I do it properly, my program can work too.
Problem 1: Solved
Photo by Ariel Lustre on Unsplash
This is what I came up with that night:
Bookmarks the current tab URL
I decided that the webpage title serves as a good default title for the bookmark as well. Therefore, I didn’t add the title field in the popup.
At the time of writing, the code is not well documented or modularized or anything. It just works. I intend to do that in the future. Doing that will be my real programming lesson.
Problem 2: Unsolvable?
As far as I looked, Chrome does not provide any way to generate and download text files to the user’s local machine using bookmarks. This means that we cannot download the bookmarks either 😦.
Override Pages
The documentation itself presented me with a solution.
Chrome.* API documentation
After reading that, I thought, that’s what I am going to do.
I am going to override the bookmark page with my own custom-designed bookmark manager page.
In it, the bookmarks would not be displayed in selectable tabs as they are now.
It would be better if the design had simple text for each bookmark, just as most other webpages do, (say, the one you are reading for example). Each bookmark in the text should have the following format:
* Title- <bookmark_title>
* Comment- <bookmark_comment>
* URL- <bookmark_url>
I have not yet created this page but I do intend to do it in the near future.
Thanks for reading!
--
--
--
Learning, Writing and Teaching at https://www.nityesh.com/
Love podcasts or audiobooks? Learn on the go with our new app.
Get the Medium app
A button that says 'Download on the App Store', and if clicked it will lead you to the iOS App store
A button that says 'Get it on, Google Play', and if clicked it will lead you to the Google Play store
Nityesh Agarwal
Nityesh Agarwal
Learning, Writing and Teaching at https://www.nityesh.com/
More from Medium
7 PR Habits make my life easier when using PR’s
Why You Should Watch YouTube at 2x from Now On!
These 7 Tips Will Help You Learn Programming Faster
Organizing my life as a Developer | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Megha Burman
Megha Burman is an Indian actress working in Hindi and Tamil film industry.
She played the role of Razia in Sohan Roy's Dam, which may have been based on the Mullaperiyar Dam dispute between Tamil Nadu and Kerala. The DMK party chief M. Karunanidhi urged the Tamil Nadu chief minister J.Jayalalitha to ban the movie for "people's safety". A day before its scheduled release on 25 November, the film was banned by the State Government on grounds that its release would disturb relations between Tamil Nadu and Kerala.
She played the lead role in Oru Modhal Oru Kadhal. Her film Ballad of Rustom was a qualifying feature for the Academy Awards in 2014. In 2020, she played the role of Nisha Das in the Hindi language sports drama film Panga. | WIKI |
Corrigendum: Comparative genomic analysis of the lettuce bacterial leaf spot pathogen, Xanthomonas hortorum pv. vitians, to investigate race specificity, (Front. Microbiol, (2022), 13, (840311), 10.3389/fmicb.2022.840311)
Emma Rosenthal, Neha Potnis, Carolee T. Bull
Research output: Contribution to journalComment/debatepeer-review
1 Scopus citations
Abstract
In the published article, there was an error. In all instances, we refer the resistance gene of PI358001-1 as Xcv1, but the name should be corrected to Xcvr. A correction has been made to the Introduction section, paragraph 1. The sentence previously stated: “Another identified source of resistance to Xhv race 1 strains isolated from Florida lettuce fields was the Xcv1 R-gene from L. serriola PI358001-1 (Wang et al., 2016).” The corrected sentence appears below: “Another identified source of resistance to Xhv race 1 strains isolated from Florida lettuce fields was the Xcvr R-gene from L. serriola PI358001-1 (Wang et al., 2016).” A correction has been made to the Introduction section, paragraph 1. The sentence previously stated: “Additional races of the pathogen were designated among those Xhv strains that did not result in HR in the Xar1- or Xcv1-enconding cultivars, but instead triggered HR in either L. serriola PI491114 (designated race 2) or L. serriola ARM-09-161-10-1 (designated race 3).”
Original languageEnglish (US)
Article number1044656
JournalFrontiers in Microbiology
Volume13
DOIs
StatePublished - Nov 15 2022
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
• Microbiology
• Microbiology (medical)
Fingerprint
Dive into the research topics of 'Corrigendum: Comparative genomic analysis of the lettuce bacterial leaf spot pathogen, Xanthomonas hortorum pv. vitians, to investigate race specificity, (Front. Microbiol, (2022), 13, (840311), 10.3389/fmicb.2022.840311)'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Cite this | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Tamarillo (horse)
Tamarillo was an Anglo-Arab gelding that excelled in the sport of eventing under rider William Fox-Pitt.
Foaled in 1992 at Biddesden Stud Tamarillo was shown successfully as a young horse becoming Part Bred Champion at the annual National Arabian Horse Show in Malvern in 1995. He was first ridden by Diana Burgess through novice and intermediate levels. In 1999 the ride was taken over by William Fox-Pitt. Together they represented Britain in international competitions from 2002. Tamarillo was withdrawn after the cross country phase of the Athens Olympics after chipping his stifle.
In September 2013 it was announced that a clone of Tamarillo, named Tomatillo, had been born.
Achievements
2000
2002
* Blarney CCI** - 1st
* Gatcombe Park BCI - 1st
* Blenheim Horse Trials CCI*** - 2nd
2004
* Badminton Horse Trials CCI**** - 2nd
* Jerez De La Fronter (World Equestrian Games) CH**** - 14th and Team Bronze medal
2005 2006 2008
* Badminton Horse Trials CCI**** - 1st
* Athens Olympics CH**** - Team Silver
* Badminton Horse Trials CCI**** - 2nd
* FEI Blenheim Petplan European Eventing Championships CH*** - Individual Silver and Team Gold Medals
* Aachen (World Equestrian Games) CH**** - 15th and Team Silver medal
* Burghley Horse Trials CCI**** - 1st | WIKI |
Global transformation of OBOC combinatorial peptide libraries into OBOC polyamine and small molecule libraries
Joseph C. Kappel, Yi C. Fan, Kit Lam
Research output: Contribution to journalArticle
7 Scopus citations
Abstract
In "one-bead-one-compound" (OBOC) combinatorial chemistry, a compound-bead library with hundreds of thousands to millions of diversities can be rapidly generated such that each bead displays only one chemical entity. The highly efficient "libraries-from-libraries" approach involves the global transformation of a peptide library into many small molecule solution-phase mixture libraries, but this approach has never been successfully applied to OBOC libraries. Here we report a novel approach that allows us to combine these two enabling technologies to efficiently generate OBOC encoded small molecule bead libraries. By using a topologically segregated bilayer bead and a "ladder-synthesis" method, we can prepare peptide libraries with the peptide on the bead surface and a series of peptide ladders in the bead interior. Various global transformation reactions can then be employed to transform the starting peptide library into a variety of peptidomimetic libraries. During the transformation reactions, the peptide ladders in the bead interior are also transformed in a predictable manner. As a result, individual compound bead can be decoded by analyzing the hydrogen fluoride-released encoding tags with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization Fourier transform mass spectrometry. Using this novel approach, a random encoded dipeptide library was prepared and subsequently transformed into polyamine and poly-N-acetylamine sublibraries. Random beads isolated from these sublibraries were reliably decoded.
Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)333-342
Number of pages10
JournalJournal of Combinatorial Chemistry
Volume10
Issue number2
DOIs
StatePublished - Mar 2008
ASJC Scopus subject areas
• Drug Discovery
• Organic Chemistry
• Chemistry(all)
• Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Global transformation of OBOC combinatorial peptide libraries into OBOC polyamine and small molecule libraries'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
• Cite this | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Table of Contents
When did Gandhi cut his hair?
This was Gandhi’s first attempt in hair-cutting at the age of 28. Afterwards he often used the scissors and the clippers. In his ashrams, a hired barber’s service was taboo. The ashramites cut the hair of one another by turn.
When did Gandhiji get his head shaved discard his clothes and settle for a loincloth?
Gandhiji accorded very high priority to communal harmony in his programme ofactions. At which place did he undertake his last fast for it on January 13, 1948?…
|Q.||When did Gandhiji get his head shaved, discard his clothes and settle for a loin cloth?|
|Answer» b. 1925|
How was khadi born?
When the Satyagraha Ashram was founded at Sabarmati, we introduced a few handlooms there. We saw that the aim of the mills was more and more to weave the yarn spun by them; their co-operation with the handloom weaver was not willing, but unavoidable and temporary. …
Who is called Madurai Gandhi?
N. M. R. Subbaraman (14 August 1905 – 25 January 1983) was an Indian freedom fighter and politician from Tamil Nadu. He was a member of Parliament from the Madurai constituency (1962–1967). He was also called “Madurai Gandhi” for his Gandhian principles….
|N. M. R. Subbaraman|
|Political party||Indian National Congress|
Why did Mahatma Gandhi stop wearing clothes?
“The production of khadi was at the beginning stage, and the Mahatma wanted to set an example and reduce the need for producing more khadi by making people go in for more simpler clothing. On September 22, he made his decision and decided to abandon wearing the shirt and cap forever,” Annamalai added.
Why did Gandhi wear white clothes?
Mahatma Gandhi, dubbed the “half naked fakir” by ex-British PM Winston Churchill, wore khadi, white handspun cloth, as a mark of protest until his death, refusing to don formal western clothing even during his meetings with heads of state or other luminaries.
Who invented khadi?
Khadi fabric originated during the time of Mahatma Gandhi when he led the Swadeshi Movement. This fabric has a rugged texture and feels comfortable when worn during winter season while also keeping one fresh in summers. The first Khadi fabric was crafted when the Boycott movement commenced in India.
Who discovered a woman who taught them how do you spin a yarn?
Once Kalidas Jhaveri discovered a woman who, he said, would demonstrate to us how spinning was done. We sent to her a member of the Ashram who was known for his great versatility in learning new things. But even he returned without wresting the secret of the art. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Uncertainty quantification
Uncertainty quantification (UQ) is the science of quantitative characterization and estimation of uncertainties in both computational and real world applications. It tries to determine how likely certain outcomes are if some aspects of the system are not exactly known. An example would be to predict the acceleration of a human body in a head-on crash with another car: even if the speed was exactly known, small differences in the manufacturing of individual cars, how tightly every bolt has been tightened, etc., will lead to different results that can only be predicted in a statistical sense.
Many problems in the natural sciences and engineering are also rife with sources of uncertainty. Computer experiments on computer simulations are the most common approach to study problems in uncertainty quantification.
Aleatoric and epistemic
Uncertainty is sometimes classified into two categories, prominently seen in medical applications.
* Aleatoric: Aleatoric uncertainty is also known as stochastic uncertainty, and is representative of unknowns that differ each time we run the same experiment. For example, a single arrow shot with a mechanical bow that exactly duplicates each launch (the same acceleration, altitude, direction and final velocity) will not all impact the same point on the target due to random and complicated vibrations of the arrow shaft, the knowledge of which cannot be determined sufficiently to eliminate the resulting scatter of impact points. The argument here is obviously in the definition of "cannot". Just because we cannot measure sufficiently with our currently available measurement devices does not preclude necessarily the existence of such information, which would move this uncertainty into the below category. Aleatoric is derived from the Latin alea or dice, referring to a game of chance.
* Epistemic uncertainty: Epistemic uncertainty is also known as systematic uncertainty, and is due to things one could in principle know but does not in practice. This may be because a measurement is not accurate, because the model neglects certain effects, or because particular data have been deliberately hidden. An example of a source of this uncertainty would be the drag in an experiment designed to measure the acceleration of gravity near the earth's surface. The commonly used gravitational acceleration of 9.8 m/s² ignores the effects of air resistance, but the air resistance for the object could be measured and incorporated into the experiment to reduce the resulting uncertainty in the calculation of the gravitational acceleration.
* Combined occurrence and interaction of aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty: Aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty can also occur simultaneously in a single term E.g., when experimental parameters show aleatoric uncertainty, and those experimental parameters are input to a computer simulation. If then for the uncertainty quantification a surrogate model, e.g. a Gaussian process or a Polynomial Chaos Expansion, is learnt from computer experiments, this surrogate exhibits epistemic uncertainty that depends on or interacts with the aleatoric uncertainty of the experimental parameters. Such an uncertainty cannot solely be classified as aleatoric or epistemic any more, but is a more general inferential uncertainty.
In real life applications, both kinds of uncertainties are present. Uncertainty quantification intends to explicitly express both types of uncertainty separately. The quantification for the aleatoric uncertainties can be relatively straightforward, where traditional (frequentist) probability is the most basic form. Techniques such as the Monte Carlo method are frequently used. A probability distribution can be represented by its moments (in the Gaussian case, the mean and covariance suffice, although, in general, even knowledge of all moments to arbitrarily high order still does not specify the distribution function uniquely), or more recently, by techniques such as Karhunen–Loève and polynomial chaos expansions. To evaluate epistemic uncertainties, the efforts are made to understand the (lack of) knowledge of the system, process or mechanism. Epistemic uncertainty is generally understood through the lens of Bayesian probability, where probabilities are interpreted as indicating how certain a rational person could be regarding a specific claim.
Mathematical perspective
In mathematics, uncertainty is often characterized in terms of a probability distribution. From that perspective, epistemic uncertainty means not being certain what the relevant probability distribution is, and aleatoric uncertainty means not being certain what a random sample drawn from a probability distribution will be.
Types of problems
There are two major types of problems in uncertainty quantification: one is the forward propagation of uncertainty (where the various sources of uncertainty are propagated through the model to predict the overall uncertainty in the system response) and the other is the inverse assessment of model uncertainty and parameter uncertainty (where the model parameters are calibrated simultaneously using test data). There has been a proliferation of research on the former problem and a majority of uncertainty analysis techniques were developed for it. On the other hand, the latter problem is drawing increasing attention in the engineering design community, since uncertainty quantification of a model and the subsequent predictions of the true system response(s) are of great interest in designing robust systems.
Forward
Uncertainty propagation is the quantification of uncertainties in system output(s) propagated from uncertain inputs. It focuses on the influence on the outputs from the parametric variability listed in the sources of uncertainty. The targets of uncertainty propagation analysis can be:
* To evaluate low-order moments of the outputs, i.e. mean and variance.
* To evaluate the reliability of the outputs. This is especially useful in reliability engineering where outputs of a system are usually closely related to the performance of the system.
* To assess the complete probability distribution of the outputs. This is useful in the scenario of utility optimization where the complete distribution is used to calculate the utility.
Inverse
Given some experimental measurements of a system and some computer simulation results from its mathematical model, inverse uncertainty quantification estimates the discrepancy between the experiment and the mathematical model (which is called bias correction), and estimates the values of unknown parameters in the model if there are any (which is called parameter calibration or simply calibration). Generally this is a much more difficult problem than forward uncertainty propagation; however it is of great importance since it is typically implemented in a model updating process. There are several scenarios in inverse uncertainty quantification:
Bias correction only
Bias correction quantifies the model inadequacy, i.e. the discrepancy between the experiment and the mathematical model. The general model updating formula for bias correction is:
* $$ y^e(\mathbf{x})=y^m(\mathbf{x})+\delta(\mathbf{x})+\varepsilon $$
where $$ y^e(\mathbf{x}) $$ denotes the experimental measurements as a function of several input variables $$ \mathbf{x} $$, $$ y^m(\mathbf{x}) $$ denotes the computer model (mathematical model) response, $$ \delta(\mathbf{x}) $$ denotes the additive discrepancy function (aka bias function), and $$ \varepsilon $$ denotes the experimental uncertainty. The objective is to estimate the discrepancy function $$ \delta(\mathbf{x}) $$, and as a by-product, the resulting updated model is $$ y^m(\mathbf{x})+\delta(\mathbf{x}) $$. A prediction confidence interval is provided with the updated model as the quantification of the uncertainty.
Parameter calibration only
Parameter calibration estimates the values of one or more unknown parameters in a mathematical model. The general model updating formulation for calibration is:
* $$ y^e(\mathbf{x})=y^m(\mathbf{x},\boldsymbol{\theta}^*)+\varepsilon $$
where $$ y^m(\mathbf{x},\boldsymbol{\theta}) $$ denotes the computer model response that depends on several unknown model parameters $$ \boldsymbol{\theta} $$, and $$ \boldsymbol{\theta}^* $$ denotes the true values of the unknown parameters in the course of experiments. The objective is to either estimate $$ \boldsymbol{\theta}^* $$, or to come up with a probability distribution of $$ \boldsymbol{\theta}^* $$ that encompasses the best knowledge of the true parameter values.
Bias correction and parameter calibration
It considers an inaccurate model with one or more unknown parameters, and its model updating formulation combines the two together:
* $$ y^e(\mathbf{x})=y^m(\mathbf{x},\boldsymbol{\theta}^*)+\delta(\mathbf{x})+\varepsilon $$
It is the most comprehensive model updating formulation that includes all possible sources of uncertainty, and it requires the most effort to solve.
Selective methodologies
Much research has been done to solve uncertainty quantification problems, though a majority of them deal with uncertainty propagation. During the past one to two decades, a number of approaches for inverse uncertainty quantification problems have also been developed and have proved to be useful for most small- to medium-scale problems.
Forward propagation
Existing uncertainty propagation approaches include probabilistic approaches and non-probabilistic approaches. There are basically six categories of probabilistic approaches for uncertainty propagation: For non-probabilistic approaches, interval analysis, Fuzzy theory, Possibility theory and evidence theory are among the most widely used.
* Simulation-based methods: Monte Carlo simulations, importance sampling, adaptive sampling, etc.
* General surrogate-based methods: In a non-instrusive approach, a surrogate model is learnt in order to replace the experiment or the simulation with a cheap and fast approximation. Surrogate-based methods can also be employed in a fully Bayesian fashion. This approach has proven particularly powerful when the cost of sampling, e.g. computationally expensive simulations, is prohibitively high.
* Local expansion-based methods: Taylor series, perturbation method, etc. These methods have advantages when dealing with relatively small input variability and outputs that don't express high nonlinearity. These linear or linearized methods are detailed in the article Uncertainty propagation.
* Functional expansion-based methods: Neumann expansion, orthogonal or Karhunen–Loeve expansions (KLE), with polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) and wavelet expansions as special cases.
* Most probable point (MPP)-based methods: first-order reliability method (FORM) and second-order reliability method (SORM).
* Numerical integration-based methods: Full factorial numerical integration (FFNI) and dimension reduction (DR).
The probabilistic approach is considered as the most rigorous approach to uncertainty analysis in engineering design due to its consistency with the theory of decision analysis. Its cornerstone is the calculation of probability density functions for sampling statistics. This can be performed rigorously for random variables that are obtainable as transformations of Gaussian variables, leading to exact confidence intervals.
Frequentist
In regression analysis and least squares problems, the standard error of parameter estimates is readily available, which can be expanded into a confidence interval.
Bayesian
Several methodologies for inverse uncertainty quantification exist under the Bayesian framework. The most complicated direction is to aim at solving problems with both bias correction and parameter calibration. The challenges of such problems include not only the influences from model inadequacy and parameter uncertainty, but also the lack of data from both computer simulations and experiments. A common situation is that the input settings are not the same over experiments and simulations. Another common situation is that parameters derived from experiments are input to simulations. For computationally expensive simulations, then often a surrogate model, e.g. a Gaussian process or a Polynomial Chaos Expansion, is necessary, defining an inverse problem for finding the surrogate model that best approximates the simulations.
Modular approach
An approach to inverse uncertainty quantification is the modular Bayesian approach. The modular Bayesian approach derives its name from its four-module procedure. Apart from the current available data, a prior distribution of unknown parameters should be assigned.
* Module 1: Gaussian process modeling for the computer model
To address the issue from lack of simulation results, the computer model is replaced with a Gaussian process (GP) model
* $$ y^m(\mathbf{x},\boldsymbol{\theta})\sim\mathcal{GP}\big(\mathbf{h}^m(\cdot)^T\boldsymbol{\beta}^m,\sigma_m^2R^m(\cdot,\cdot)\big) $$
where
* $$ R^m\big((\mathbf{x},\boldsymbol{\theta}),(\mathbf{x}',\boldsymbol{\theta}')\big)=\exp\left\{-\sum_{k=1}^d \omega_k^m(x_k-x_k')^2\right\}\exp\left\{-\sum_{k=1}^r \omega_{d+k}^m(\theta_k-\theta_k')^2 \right\}. $$
$$ d $$ is the dimension of input variables, and $$ r $$ is the dimension of unknown parameters. While $$ \mathbf{h}^m(\cdot) $$ is pre-defined, $$ \left\{\boldsymbol{\beta}^m, \sigma_m, \omega_k^m, k=1,\ldots,d+r\right\} $$, known as hyperparameters of the GP model, need to be estimated via maximum likelihood estimation (MLE). This module can be considered as a generalized kriging method.
Similarly with the first module, the discrepancy function is replaced with a GP model
* Module 2: Gaussian process modeling for the discrepancy function
* $$ \delta(\mathbf{x})\sim\mathcal{GP}\big(\mathbf{h}^\delta(\cdot)^T\boldsymbol{\beta}^\delta,\sigma_\delta^2R^\delta(\cdot,\cdot)\big) $$
where
* $$ R^\delta(\mathbf{x},\mathbf{x}')=\exp\left\{-\sum_{k=1}^d \omega_k^\delta(x_k-x_k')^2 \right\}. $$
Together with the prior distribution of unknown parameters, and data from both computer models and experiments, one can derive the maximum likelihood estimates for $$ \left\{\boldsymbol{\beta}^\delta, \sigma_\delta, \omega_k^\delta, k=1,\ldots,d\right\} $$. At the same time, $$ \boldsymbol{\beta}^m $$ from Module 1 gets updated as well.
Bayes' theorem is applied to calculate the posterior distribution of the unknown parameters:
* Module 3: Posterior distribution of unknown parameters
* $$ p(\boldsymbol{\theta}\mid\text{data},\boldsymbol{\varphi})\propto p(\rm{data}\mid\boldsymbol{\theta},\boldsymbol{\varphi})p(\boldsymbol{\theta}) $$
where $$ \boldsymbol{\varphi} $$ includes all the fixed hyperparameters in previous modules.
* Module 4: Prediction of the experimental response and discrepancy function
Full approach
Fully Bayesian approach requires that not only the priors for unknown parameters $$ \boldsymbol{\theta} $$ but also the priors for the other hyperparameters $$ \boldsymbol{\varphi} $$ should be assigned. It follows the following steps:
* 1) Derive the posterior distribution $$ p(\boldsymbol{\theta},\boldsymbol{\varphi}\mid\text{data}) $$;
* 2) Integrate $$ \boldsymbol{\varphi} $$ out and obtain $$ p(\boldsymbol{\theta}\mid\text{data}) $$. This single step accomplishes the calibration;
* 3) Prediction of the experimental response and discrepancy function.
However, the approach has significant drawbacks:
* For most cases, $$ p(\boldsymbol{\theta},\boldsymbol{\varphi}\mid\text{data}) $$ is a highly intractable function of $$ \boldsymbol{\varphi} $$. Hence the integration becomes very troublesome. Moreover, if priors for the other hyperparameters $$ \boldsymbol{\varphi} $$ are not carefully chosen, the complexity in numerical integration increases even more.
* In the prediction stage, the prediction (which should at least include the expected value of system responses) also requires numerical integration. Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is often used for integration; however it is computationally expensive.
The fully Bayesian approach requires a huge amount of calculations and may not yet be practical for dealing with the most complicated modelling situations.
Known issues
The theories and methodologies for uncertainty propagation are much better established, compared with inverse uncertainty quantification. For the latter, several difficulties remain unsolved:
* 1) Dimensionality issue: The computational cost increases dramatically with the dimensionality of the problem, i.e. the number of input variables and/or the number of unknown parameters.
* 2) Identifiability issue: Multiple combinations of unknown parameters and discrepancy function can yield the same experimental prediction. Hence different values of parameters cannot be distinguished/identified. This issue is circumvented in a Bayesian approach, where such combinations are averaged over.
* 3) Incomplete model response: Refers to a model not having a solution for some combinations of the input variables.
* 4) Quantifying uncertainty in the input quantities: Crucial events missing in the available data or critical quantities unidentified to analysts due to, e.g., limitations in existing models.
* 5) Little consideration of the impact of choices made by analysts. | WIKI |
Page:American Journal of Sociology Volume 2.djvu/181
THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY VOLUME II SEPTEMBER, 1896 NUMBER 2
SUPERIORITY AND SUBORDINATION AS SUBJECT-MATTER OF SOCIOLOGY.
the task of sociology to be description and determination of the historico-psychological origin of those forms in which interactions take place between human beings. The totality of these interactions, springing from the most diverse impulses, directed toward the most diverse objects, and aiming at the most diverse ends, constitutes “society.” Those different contents in connection with which the forms of interaction manifest themselves are the subject-matter of special sciences. These contents attain the character of social facts by virtue of occurring in this particular form in the interactions of men. We must accordingly distinguish two senses of the term “society:” first, the broader sense, in which the term includes the sum of all the individuals concerned in reciprocal relations, together with all the interests which unite these interacting persons; second, a narrower sense, in which the term designates the society or the associating as such, that is the interaction itself which constitutes the bond of association, in abstraction from its material content—the subject-matter of sociology as the doctrine of society sensu stricto. | WIKI |
Taphrina entomospora
Taphrina entomospora is a fungal plant pathogen that infects the leaves of Nothofagus. T. entomospora infection results in chlorosis and changes in parenchyma structure of the leaf causing premature senescence. The species was first described scientifically by mycologist Roland Thaxter in 1910.
The distribution of T. entomospora is restricted to South America. | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Articles for creation/2007-08-27
Nay brr, for the good times
Rock of Love
Sulfa powder
* 1) REDIRECT Sulfonamide (medicine)
Alexander Revell
Alexander Hamilton Revell was a Chicago businessman who started the Alexander H. Revell & Co.. He died at age 73 in 1931.
Daniel Patrick Gallic
Daniel Patick Gallic, resident of Warren Township, New Jersey was born in Summit, New Jersey in 1968. He earned a BS in Engineering from Rutgers University in 1990. He then was hired as a packaging engineer by L'Oreal, which was doing business under the name of Cosmair Inc. at the time.
Gallic co-founded Tymarc Inc. in 1993. Tymarc produced childrens juvenile furniture for JC Penny and many other large retailer. Gallic sold his interest in the business in 1995. Later in the year he was married.
He became active in politics since 1995. First working for Passaic County Freeholer Richard DuHaime for US Senate in 1996 then working as a volunteer for the Somerset County GOP in 1997. In 1998, Gallic worked as a driver and opposition researcher for Congressman Michael Pappas. In 1999 Gallic recieved the nomination from the local township committee seat but lost in the Republican primary to long-time township committeeman Frank Salvato.
In 2000, Gallic worked for Congressman Mike Ferguson and as a volunteer for President Bush's first election. In 2001 he worked as a NJ State GOP field representative for Somerset and Union Counties. In 2002 he worked for Essex County Executive Jim Treffinger before Treffinger was indicted on corruption charges, he then was hired by Doug Forrester in his successful primary for the 2002 GOP US Senate nomination.
Gallic managed New Jersey State Senator Anthony Bucco's race and the Marlboro mayoral and council races in 2003, scoring huge upset wins in both races.
In 2004, Gallic served as Monmouth County Republican County Communications Director while managing the county races. In 2005 he became the Monmouth County Republicans Party Executive Director and again managed the successful county races against all expectations.
Dan Gallic, executive director of the county Republican organization, praised the efforts of U.S. Attorney Christopher Christie in pursuing corruption.
"We are saddened that certain public officials seem to have chosen to betray the party's trust and, more importantly, the voters' trust," Gallic said in a statement. "If the allegations are proven true, or admitted to, we will request an immediate resignation from those officials that have been associated with our political party."
In 2006 he resigned from the Executive Director's position and began to concentrate his real estate business. He currently works as a consultant for Washington Township on thier redevelopment efforts and in economic development.
"We are not here to come to conclusions," township Director of Redevelopment and Economic Growth Dan Gallic said at the onset of the meeting. "This is to begin the conversation."
Dan Gallic joined "Conservatives with Attitude", a national conservative group, in 2007 as a executive board member.
“One thing that can be done without controversy is better enforcement of immigration laws at our borders,” said Dan Gallic, a New Jersey-based conservative columnist.
“It’s time the politicians get their act together and secured the nation’s borders. Almost all of the 9/11 radical Muslim terrorist mass murderers were illegal immigrants — and six years later that hasn’t seemed to slow the rate of illegal immigrants being welcomed into this country by politicians. Not securing our borders may be treasonous at this point.”
He has served on the Warren Township Planning Board, Somerset County Board of Mental Health, the Warren Township Environment Commission and the Warren Township Site Acquisition Advisory Commitee. He currently serves as the Chairman of the Warren Township Planning Board.
Rollerman
Jean-Yves Blondeau, aka Rollerman is a French designer who is best known for creating the Buggy Rollin' suit. This suit places a number of rollers (similar to those found on rollerblades) on most of the major joints, the torso, and the back. The wearer can ride in a variety of positions (rollerblade, on back, on torso, on all fours, etc.) at speeds of up to 60MPH. He has been featured on television shows in several countries.
References:
http://www.youtup.us/video/67097/Jean-Yves_Blondeau_aka_Rollerman_-_Extreme.html http://www.autoadviceoffl.com/letsfly2.php http://gizmodo.com/gadgets/gadgets/buggy-rollin-brain-damage-on-the-go-160327.php http://www.techeblog.com/index.php/tech-gadget/video-buggy-rollin-suit-vs-600cc-motorcycle-close-race
Emergentor, Dan Ainsworth
Emergentor
Emergentor is neither a living or dead organism or mechanism, the Emergentor is a being that has existed longer than all of reality itself. Emergentor exists outside of the boundaries of existence and can only transmit information through telepathic abilities.
Emergentor is seemingly what one could call a 'god' and a function of the faith of gnosticism. However, Emergentor seems much more as its force can actually be felt within any one person. Emergentor's force can best be felt when one thinks or speaks words such as, "we", "people", "revolution", "hate", "war", "spirit", "sect", "party", "nation", "race", "gods", "Chaos", "future", etc.
Another way Emergentor transmits data can be through hallucinations, dreams, etc. These can be different for each individual person, and sometimes does not seem to transmit any data whatsoever, at least, data that a human mind can possibly perceive.
Source:
Colo High School
Colo High School is an extremely popular high school in Western Sydney, Australia. It ranges from years 7 - 12. It is located on Bells Line of Road, North Richmond. The principal is A. De Pauli
Parsis of Karachi
Parsi is a member of Zoroastrian community based in Indian sub continent, Most of the Parsis in Pakistan live in Karachi. They are renowned in Karachi for their emphasis on Education, With their highly developed sense of duty and responsibility towards community and country, they have added immeasurably to civil society in Karachi.
Parsis in Karachi are ageing one. Out of 1800 Parsis who reside in Karachi, about 60% of them are over 60 years of age. An average Parsi lives to be about 90 years old, which comparatively far exceeds the life span of an average resident of Karachi.
Housing & Health care
During the early 1900s, various members of the community gave a hefty portion of their wealth for the establishment of community housing and health care. The various donations resulted in the construction of nine Parsi residential colonies in areas such as Mehboodabad, Saddar and the Cantt. Station. The rent required is at a very nominal amount and the maintenance of the residential colonies is taken care of by the various wealthy Parsi families. Also established within each colony are community centers designed to engage the residents in various social, recreational and welfare activities. And of course, health care has long been a part of the incredible Parsi community agenda.
Bomanshaw Minocher Homji Medical Association, located in Saddar has been catering to ailing Parsis since its inception in 1935.
Edulji Dinshaw, a millionaire and a philanthropist, started out as a trader and an agent but ultimately invested heavily in real estate and consequently owned half of Karachi by 1893. He used his wealth and influence to build three dispensaries in areas like Saddar and Kemari. These institutions, to this day, provide the predominantly low-income residents of the localities with easy-access to medical treatment. Also due to the benevolence of Dinshaw, The Lady Dufferin Hospital came into existence in 1894. The hospital was named in memory of the Governor General's wife Lady Dufferin who had devoted her life to the provision of medical aid to the women of India.
Dr. Kaikshrow N Spencer, a son-in-law of Dinshaw and a renowned ophthalmologist of his time, founded the Spencer Eye Hospital in 1940 in the Lea Market area to provide the poor people living in the neighborhood with treatment for their various eye ailments. The management of the hospital was ultimately handed over to the Karachi Municipal Committee. Today, on an average, about 600 major and minor eye surgeries are performed every month and 6000 cornea transplants have been done to date.
These health trusts cater to the poor and the middle-class by not only providing money for their medical treatment, but also providing service by accompanying the elderly to the various doctors and overseeing their treatment process.
Education
Education is given tremendous importance in the community resulting a literacy rate of 100% in the Zoroastrian community. Karachi has two Parsi academic institutions that are known for their academic brilliance and their dedication in providing excellent knowledge and wisdom to all children who attend.
* Bai Virbaji Soparivala Parsi High School, popularly known as BVS High School.
* Mama Parsi Girls Secondary School was established in order to provide the women of the city with an all-round education covering academics and various other extra-curricular activities. Today, The Mama Parsi School has about 2000 students of which only eighty are Parsi.
* The Nadirshaw Edulji Dinshaw Engineering College NED University, has imparted valuable engineering education to the citizens of Karachi since its inception in 1924.
Old folk's home
At present, the only form of an old folk's home in Karachi today is a floor in the Parsi General Hospital that provides care to 15 ailing and elderly Parsis. Parsi associations like the Karachi Zarthosti Banu Mandal, work hard towards providing for the less fortunate and elderly members of the Parsi community. Funded by private donations and trusts founded within the association.
Recreation
The Parsis also has a great hand in providing the inhabitants of the city with entertainment and recreational amenities. Jehangir Kothari enduring legacy for the citizens of Karachi is the J. K Parade in Clifton for which Kothari gave up his bungalow and surrounding land to the Karachi Municipality. Another Parsi philanthropist, Khan Bahadur Kavasji Hormusji Katrak, built a band-stand near the Parade that, to this day, continues to entertain the people, especially children, who visit Clifton.
Hotel Industry
Darayus 'Happy' Minwalla's Hotel Metropole has long been a Karachi landmark. Even though the building is being torn down, it's name will take some time before it stops rolling easily of the tongues of Karachiites, used as they are to using it as a reference point.
And then their is Byram Avari's luxury hotel Avari Towers that is far newer and does not have all of Metropole's history like his other hotel Beach Luxury. However it remains an ambitiously tall building the roof top of which affords a spectacular view of the city of Karachi.
Ang kawawang Cowboy
Mga Hayup kayo
Raymond Turk
Frank Kermode has said of Raymond Turk that he is ‘that most protean of writers; there are times when he almost seems to become the type of writer you want him to be’. Nick Hornby has described Turk as ‘very, very funny’. But, for most readers, Turk lurks in the margins of literary history, quietly paying the bar bills of other, louder men and achieving more in his quiet life than many other more tempestuous beings.
We must never forget that when Dylan Thomas experienced his infamous lost weekend, Turk bailed out – with a forwarding address – on the Friday lunchtime. And he was no respecter of reputations. When Beckett opened Waiting for Godot, Turk could only intone ‘Oh God’. In Paris for a weekend in the 1960s, Turk unexpectedly encountered Roland Barthes while queuing at the Parc des Princes for a France v England rugby international. When he discovered that Barthes had never heard of him and therefore did not intend to include him in the dazzling theorist’s revised ‘new wave’ literary canon, Turk invented on the spot the counter-school of ‘physical criticism’. Under the terms of this theoretical doctrine, authors were empowered to beat up those literary critics who expounded views they found disagreeable. It is said that Barthes never truly recovered and that the road accident that ultimately killed him only came about because he was always nervous of coming across Turk again.
Physical criticism was viewed by the establishment as dangerous, by the press as refreshing, by its victims as acutely painful. Turk’s authorial posture did nothing to help his career. As its effects became more widely known (in the Sunday press; in the quality weeklies; at casualty), Turk was banned, variously, from three Oxbridge colleges, a Fuller’s pub in Hammersmith and a youth club in Wolverhampton – although the last-named interdiction was said to have rested on a case of mistaken identity.
A gifted manipulator of prose forms, Turk was always on the look-out for more flexible verbal templates into which to fit his literary creations. Hearing in 1969 that Georges Perec had succeeded in La Disparition in dispensing with the letter ‘e’, Turk wrote to him in ostensible congratulation, but pointing out that the French writer would henceforth be obliged to style himself Gorgs Prc. This did little for the relationship between the two writers, especially since Perec had become convinced that Turk would follow up the letter with a dose of literary theory à sa façon.
In an act of simultaneous homage, malice and stupidity, Turk then announced that he was going to write a novel of one hundred pages with as few words as possible in it. For this reason, he started learning German. Turk had always been intrigued by the revelation that Goethe would not have gained an ‘O’ level in his own language if he had attempted to use one of his own literary creations in the writing component: he would invariably have either undercut or exceeded the 150 words which candidates were required to write. Turk wanted no such fate to befall him. For this reason, his novel, when it appeared after eight years’ labour, was based on an Oxford & Cambridge examination board picture story about a dog who had stolen some sausages. It was believed that this was the first ever productive use of the test-type.
Because Turk scorned biography, it seems otiose to spend time quoting details of his own. He was born; he lived; he died. He is very much the Everyman of literature. He played semi-professional football for Blyth Spartans.
It should be enough to say that he wrote himself out of the gutter, a practice which offended against the bye-laws of a number of the London boroughs in which, over the years, he lived.
He once countered the attempt of a postgraduate student to write a literary biography of his career by ‘counter-stalking’ him. The project appealed to his competitive nature (he had in his footballing career been a tigerish midfielder, the Trevor Hockey of letters). For every inquiry Turk received about his upbringing and attitudes, Turk would himself ask two questions in return about his assailant. Ultimately, Turk gave up. He had made the discovery that his pursuer was, like most critics and biographers, simply too boring to bother about.
Doze kahaba, Otso Kabilog
Declined. We cannot accept blank suggestions. Please consider submitting to Requested articles instead. KTC 10:39, 27 August 2007 (UTC)
* style="text-align:center;" | This is an archived discussion. Please do not modify it.
* }
* }
Gaspar and Friends
History:
Noong panahon ng Kastila nung naglaban ang mga hapon at mga guerilla. Nang matalo ng mga Kastila ng mga Pilipino, ipinanganak si Naria Clara, ngunit hindi pa ipinapanganak ang Gaspar and Friends nung mga panahong yun, ay patay na si Andres Bonifacio dahil panahon na ng hapon at mga amerikano sa Pilipinas. Tapos na rin magsayaw si Padre Damaso at ang mga prayle sa Obando.
Nang sumapit ang dekada sitenta, nahalal na pangulo si Marcos at ideneklara ang martial law, dekada otsenta, nanlaban ang mga Pilipino dahil mahirap lumabas ng bahay, natapos ang martial law at nahalal bilang Presidente si Cory Aquino na asawa ni Ninoy Aquino na napatay sa Ninoy Aquino International Airport(NAIA), Dekadang yan ipinanganak ang mga founder ng Gaspar and Friends.
Nauna ipinanganak si Florante Custodio Jr. Sumunod ipinanganak ang pinuno ng hukbong Gaspar and Friends na si Gaspar Dalisay Jr. Pangatlong ipinanganak ay si Jeffrey Peñafiel aka Glutathione kid. At ang pinakahuli at ang bunso sa hukbong Gaspar and Friends ay walang iba kundi si James Allan Borromeo.
Taon dalawang libo at apat, nagsimula silang mag aral sa Informatics na matatagpuan sa ikatlong palapag ng gusali ng Shoe Mart sa lungsod ng Quezon City. Dito nagkakilakilala ang tatlong miyembro na sila James, Florante at Jeff, at sila'y naging magkakaibigan, umabot na sa taon dalawang libo at pito, nang nagkasama sama ulit at nakilala ng tatlo si Gaspar, ang pinuno na may doze otso na alaga. Lahat ng katangian ng tatlo ay nasa kanilang pinuno, sa kasalukuyang iyon, nagkaroon ng "Linggo ng Mataas na Edukasyon" sa kanilang paaralan, at naisipan nilang sumali sa lahat ng mga paligsahan ngunit sa "Counter Strike Tournament" lang sila natuloy. Sila'y umisip ng pangalan ng grupo nila, ngunit wala silang maisip na maganda, isa sa mga extension ng Gaspar and Friends na si Jay-r Pajares ang siyang nagbigay at nagbansag ng pangalang Gaspar and Friends para sa grupo dahil ito daw ay nababagay sa pangkalahatang tao, wholesome kung baga. Ibinase nga pala ang pangalang Gaspar and Friends sa programang pambata na pinamagatang Winnie the Pooh and Friends. Kaya nagsimula na ang pangalang Gaspar and Friends.
Founders: Gaspar Dalisay Jr., James Allan Borromeo, Florante Custodio Jr.,Jeffrey Peñafiel
Extended Friends: Sarah Psalm Espia, Jay-r Pajares
Gaspar and friends is an organization that provides:
System and web development for students, small businesses as well as large scale businesses. (thesis, projects, database system, etc..), Services for students and beginners who is interested in IT related topics, Online tips and tutorials, Buy and sell service, Online Shop, Project quotation/pricing for customers, Web hosting flash templates, Photo editing.
World Ninjutsu Research Team (WNRT)
The World Ninjutsu Research Team (W.N.R.T.)is constitued by selected Masters whose only goal is the research of the common points among the many currents of traditional and modern Ninjutsu. All the forms of Ninjutsu are taken into consideration, from the ancient schools of Iga and Koga to the modern free combats, in order to study the evolution of this wonderful martial art and to trace a common profile among practitioners. Every enthusiat can become part of the research team by both giving his contribution and taking information from the group. The issues go from the training methods to the philosophy and the meditation depending on the type of interest of the participants. All the information are collected, catalogued and used to organize and distribute an international syllabus to be adopted by all the Dojos in the world.
The Team is headquartered in ROME (Italy) and was founded on January 2000 from two disciples of Grand MasterElio BARGIGLI's: Italian Masters Marco PASSARELLI and Gianni PECORA, both fellowshisps of his Practical Combat Method (PCM) since 1992. Actually the Italian Ninjutsu Research Team (http://www.ninjutsu.it)is the competent organ of the W.N.R.T. for the Italian national territory and every nation could host a competent sub-group of it.
The Members are selected by the respective "Masters - Area Leader", sub-divided by continent, nation, region and province; this is also the system used to collect and disseminate the requested information. This hierarchy has the only purpose of understanding the reasons for every request and of making sure about the intentions of the applicant.
At present, the World Ninjutsu Research Team, recognize Grand Master Elio BARGIGLI and his Practical Combat Method (PCM) as perfect synthesis of the most important ninjutsu's concepts.
JW Lees
Article created. Thank you for your contribution to Wikipedia! It's notable per WP:CORP, but I'm going to make edits to remove WP:COI. Shalom Hello 14:13, 27 August 2007 (UTC)
<IP_ADDRESS> 13:15, 27 August 2007 (UTC)
JW Lees is a brewery in Manchester, England. Lees have been Manchester Brewers since 1828 and their core brands are Bitter, Real Ale, Golden Original and Moonraker. They also own and operate 150 pubs, primarily in the North West of Greengate Brewery in Middleton.
Willoughby's, their wine company, has its own illustrious heritage stemming back to 1850, and they are also looking to expand. The 14th September 2007 sees the opening of the first Willoughby's wine warehouse, in Frodsham, Cheshire. The store will sell wines by the case to the public at wholesale prices. The store will be the first in what will become a nationwide chain.
Products
Lees' public houses offer a selection of draught and bottled alcoholic beverages.
Draught
* JW Lees Cask Bitter - 4% ABV
* JW Lees Extra Smooth Bitter - 3.9% ABV
* JW Lees Dark Smooth Bitter - 3.4% ABV
* Golden Original Lager - 4% ABV
* Greengate Smooth - 3.9% ABV
* GB Mild - 3.5% ABV
* Scorcher Lager - 4.2% ABV
Bottled
* Moonraker Strong Ale - 7.5% ABV
* John Willies Bitter - 5% ABV
* Scorcher - 4% ABV
JW Lees Pubs
There are 148 Lees' pubs, primarily in the North West of England, with some in Wales. These include the Rainbar, Manchester and The Huntsman Inn, Holmfirth.
Andrea Logiudice
Andrea Logiudice (25th february 1982) is an Italian actor.
Millie Elder
{| class="navbox collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: left; border: 0px; margin-top: 0.2em;" ! style="background-color:#ffcece" | This request for creation has been declined. Please do not modify it. ''This request for creation has been reviewed. The reviewer comments appear below the article text.'' If you want to make changes and try again, copy and paste your article into a new submission and make your changes there.
* style="border: solid 1px silver; padding: 8px; background-color: white;" |
* style="border: solid 1px silver; padding: 8px; background-color: white;" |
Millie Elder, born 1988 in Auckland, New Zealand is the adopted daughter of high profile New Zealand broadcaster Paul Holmes and his ex wife Hine Elder. On August 27 2007 she admitted to drug offences in New Zealand and is awaiting court sentencing.
Sonny Burgess
Copyright violations from and and possibly others.
Growing up in Cleburne, Texas, Sonny Burgess was constantly surrounded by country music. Just down the road from Fort Worth, Sonny was immersed in the music his family loved. Hank Williams, Glen Campbell, Roy Clark and Chet Atkins were the regular musical fare during the evenings as Sonny and family gathered on the front porch.
Inspired by the stories woven in the touching and haunting melodies, Sonny taught himself to play the guitar. Learning at the School of Hit Records and through an inherited musical ear (both his aunts and uncles made up a country group that toured throughout Texas), Sonny quickly grew into his own as a player and singer. And when he played for a live audience, he really liked how that felt. From his first public performance in the second grade, he was hooked.
In 2001, Music City Records released When In Texas and seemed to crystallize all the hope and potential Cleburne had seen in its favorite son for years. It notched four top 10 singles in the key Texas music charts and brought him the first opportunities to play venues such as the venerable Grand Old Opry, Nashville’s Fan Fair/CMA Music Festival, The Wildhorse Saloon in Nashville and Orlando. He also made his national television debut on "Crook & Chase.” If it wasn’t “the yellow brick road,” it was an important stepping stone. Changing management in 2003 opened further doors to stages such as Cheyenne Frontier Days, Ft. Worth country stalwart, Billy Bob’s, even major rodeo events in Las Vegas. After changing management, Sonny was inducted into the Texas CMA Hall of Fame and he opened three times for President Bush on the 2004 Campaign Trail The sophomore album, Stronger, was produced by Jeff. It’s a clear-eyed statement by Sonny.
Together Jeff and Sonny picked prime peaches from the Nashville song tree. When the record boasts songs from Leslie Satcher & Larry Cordle (“Jesus & Bartenders), George Teren & Chris Waters (“What Else Could Go Right”) and Paul Overstreet & Mickey Cates ("Anytime I'm Smiling”), you know the right trees got shook. Add the unique touch of a man who knows how to say what he wants to say and you have a complete artist.
Recently released singles “Jesus and Bartenders,” “The More I’m Around Some People, The More I Like My Dog,” and “A Little Bit Stronger” have been proven to be a success.
Sonny’s first single off of his current album Stronger, "Jesus & Bartenders" landed in the top 10 of the Texas chart and top 50 of the Music Row Chart. The video accompanying the single was also picked up on Great American Country (GAC).
“The More I'm Around Some People, The More I Like My Dog” spent four weeks at number one on the Texas Music Chart and became the highest charting single on the Music Row Chart for an independent label with one artist. The corresponding video appeared on CMT's new digital Channel Pure Country, several syndicated shows and numerous regional video outlets. In support of “The More I’m Around Some People, The More I Like My Dog,” Sonny teamed up with Bark Busters to support dog lovers and promote responsible dog ownership. He also taped Public Service Announcements (PSAs) for the Humane Society of the United States.
In the fall of 2006, Sonny released the ballad, “A Little Bit Stronger” that peaked on the Texas Regional Radio Report at #4, Best In Texas chart at #6 and Music Row chart at #31. This was Sonny’s third single off his current album, Stronger.
The song was co-written by Aaron Barker, who has written hits for other fellow Texans including George Strait, Lonestar, and Willie Nelson.
In December 06, Sonny released his first Christmas single entitled, "The Stars Haven’t Changed Since The Night When He Came." Written by acclaimed inspirational writer Jon Mohr and producer Jeff Teague, the song tells a heavenly story inspired by the events of the original Christmas Night. "It was one of those rare finds that I wanted to record immediately," said Sonny. “I was very excited to be able to release such a classy song as my first Christmas release.”
Aside from Sonny’s heavy tour schedule, he is actively writing new songs with some of Nashville’s notable writers including, Joe Diffie, Clint Daniels, Shane Minor and Kevin Fowler. Most recently, Sonny’s music was featured on Roy Cooper’s “Roping my Dreams” DVD including two new songs recorded specifically for the documentary about this 8 time world champion roper. The two new singles not being on any Burgess album yet was featured on the January 2007 Volume 50 of CDTex compilation distributed to all country radio. One of the two singles was a special Sonny tribute to Cooper’s life and roping legacy called “Cowboy Cool.”
At Country Radio Seminar 2007 held in Nashville the beginning of March, Sonny was recognized as the second highest spinning artist on a small independent label and his label was third highest spinning small independent label.
Sonny Burgess is a determined figure. Apart from his musical persistence, Sonny is actively involved in many charitable organizations including the Cystic Fibrosis organization and the Children’s Advocacy Center.
Jeremy Boz
Jeremy Boz was born in New York and raised in Connecticut. Growing up, Jeremy was a voracious music fan, with a particular affection for Garth Brooks, Chris LeDoux, The Police, and The Eagles. He learned to play guitar in high school, and felt the call of the stage.
Jeremy attended the University of Nebraska on a wrestling scholarship and studied international business marketing. He earned his masters degree at the University of Maine, this time on an academic scholarship. After a year abroad in Germany and Switzerland, Jeremy moved to Nashville.
In 1997, he first arrived in Nashville to pursue his music career. He took a job in home building as a way to support him self while developing his talent. His work ethic and dedication lead him to start his own business, West End Homes, specializing in land development and home building. The business continues to be tremendously successful, and Jeremy can now pursue his dream of playing music full time.
Jeremy teamed up with acclaimed producer Chuck Howard to produce his first album. Howard is known as the award-winning producer of LeAnn Rimes and Trick Pony. Jeremy and Chuck are working on Jeremy’s debut album. Among the tracks they have already completed is the albums premier single, “The Pearl.”
“The Pearl” is about the power of love to transcend material wealth. It is a very uplifting, and positive message, that resonated with Jeremy the first time he heard it. Jeremy stated, “I want music that represents me and what I’m about.” He says, “I don’t want to sing something I don’t think is true to who I am.”
Vladimir Bellevue
Vladimir Bellevue, born on November 7th, 1972 in Jersey City, NJ lived most of his life in the same city. During grammer school was taught art in eadvanced classes. During his 8th grade year,was allowed to attend a vocational school, where he took classes in cooking and electrical sciences. In high school he attended collage art and painting classes at a collage for half of the school day. On several occasions was able to have gallery shows to exhibit his paintings, were dignitaries and councilmen attended. His mixed heritage/ Nationality aided in the promotion and success of his shows. One exhibit was in Jersey City's City Hall. His name was known more by newspaper articles and festival shows. In a county contest came in 3rd in 1992, now his last year in high school, was commissioned by the city to draw and write a comic book on anti-graffiti. He attended Parsons School of Design, majoring in Illustration. He was given the opportunity to "sit in" on an Art Director at a large advertising firm in New York City. There he learned more about the design aspects of graphic design, and the business side of professionalism. After several months Vladimir took extra computer graphics classes and progressed in them. In 2002 he was able to buy his first Macintosh Computer, PowerPC, with a 604e processor. He began his freelance career. During his run, was able to create designs for magazines, posters and different venues and subject matters. They range from corporate work for large companies to abstract logo designs. His hobby of creating websites, also was added to his skill, and created his company, icu2 PRODUCTIONS. He upgraded his computer, still using Macintosh he utilizes a dual g4 1.2ghz desktop computer which he put together, and a new intel dual core processor laptop. He took a hiatus and traveled to China, Spain and around the United States. On his return from traveling the states, he became spiritual, and began to study the bible and became a ordained minister on January, 19th, 2002. One year later his mother Maria Christina Bellevue was operated with cancer. Vladimir took care of his mother for three years. On March 18th, 2005 his grandmother passed away. This shock affected his mother very much, she passed away on May 18th of the same year. During his mothers battle with lung cancer, he corresponded with ministers from the Philippines whom he met while they were vacationing in the United States. On loosing contact with them, Vladimir sought out to find people that might know them, and who were in his world-wide brotherhood of Jehovah's Witnesses. Using Yahoo, he searched for any Witnesses who might live close to his friends in that far country. several people responded, but they lived far from the city of Manila. One woman wrote, she lived in Manila and did get in touch with his friends. During the course of a year the two of them wrote to each other nearly everyday, and eventually wished to start a relationship. After Vladimir's mother passed away, he had no other obligations to hold him from going to see his new found love. They were engaged, and currently have placed in paperwork for a fiance visa. Vladimir continues to work secularly as a Senior Graphic Designer, and as a Minister, giving free bible courses to people. His currrent hobbies are designing "skins", digital painting for a 3d game online and tinkering with electronic devices. He is currently married and working freelance with several clients, as a Senior Graphic Designer.
Sources: El Diario la Prensa- September 1986 - The Jersey Journal- article May 7, 2003
Declined. This suggestion doesn't sufficiently explain the importance or significance of the subject. See the speedy deletion criteria A7 and/or guidelines on biographies. Please provide more information on why the person or group is worthy of inclusion in an encyclopedia, and cite reliable, published third-party sources, so that the information in the article is verifiable. Thank you. and please review WP:NOT, WP:RS and WP:NN Ariel ♥ Gold 16:31, 27 August 2007 (UTC)
Erlend Vinje
Erlend Vinje, or Divine Tyrian is one of the most notable Guild Wars players ever. Remarkable monk with outstanding reactions. Perfect warrior with an exceptional overveiw of the flow of the game. Caster of highest world class. Never overextends or falls behind. The perfect team player. Some honourable mentions for this player are:
* 1) 22 ranked with Renewing Corruption [rC] - A Guild with 3 Norwegian players in it.
* 2) 12 ranked with Xx Guardian Force Xx [xGFx] - The best Norwegian guild rank there ever was.
* 3) 7 ranked with Souls Of Glory [SoG] - A Guild with the same 3 Norwegian players that were in [rC]. [SoG] gained theyre incredible rank with a build called "Bloodspike", wich is 8 necromancers using damageskills at the same time. Instantly killing the Enemy before a heal is possible.
* 4) 2 ranked with Virtual Dragon [vD] - American Guild- Erlend as one of theyre Monks.
* 5) 1 ranked with Team Everfrost [eF] - European Guild - Erlend as one of the frontliners- Warrior.
Erlend is still playing Guild Wars, but on a more laidback level together with his Norwegian friends.
Western Speedway
Western Speedway is located just outside of Victoria BC, in the All Fun Recreation Park. It is a 4/10-mile paved oval track that was founded in 1954, and it is western Canada's oldest speedway. It is southern Vancouver Islands prime Speedway with its president Darrell Midgley. It will seat up to 3,000 fans park up to 1,500 cars with a season running from March to late October. Western Speedway hosts mainly stock cars, demo cars/trucks, dwarf cars, drag races, and mini figure 8 cars.
Nekro Saint
Nekro Saint (Born Steven Daniel Boyle, 29th January 1986, Manchester, North West,U.K)
Nekro Saint is the Bassist/lead vocalist in alternative metal band Lord Horror. He is also the artist and author of the subversive graphic novella’s Monsters and Fast food, written under the alias The Rev. He has also drawn artwork for the comics of Travis Genocide.
Nekro Saint also founded the now defunct industrial metal band “Smash My Brothers face in” named after a fictional band in the infamous 2001 Brass Eye TV special.
Saint is currently writing a dubut album with Lord Horror although the band are still unsigned.
Nekro Saint
Nekro Saint (Born Steven Daniel Boyle, 29th January 1986, Manchester, North West,U.K) Nekro Saint is the Bassist/lead vocalist in alternative metal band Lord Horror. He is also the artist and author of the subversive graphic novella’s Monsters and Fast food, written under the alias The Rev. He has also drawn artwork for the comics of Travis Genocide.
Nekro Saint also founded the now defunct industrial metal band “Smash My Brothers face in”
Saint is currently writing a dubut album with Lord Horror although the band are still unsigned.
Nekro Saint
Nekro Saint (Born Steven Daniel Boyle, 29th January 1986, Manchester, North West,U.K) Nekro Saint is the Bassist/lead vocalist in alternative metal band Lord Horror. He is also the artist and author of the subversive graphic novella’s Monsters and Fast food, written under the alias The Reverend. He has also drawn artwork for the comics of Travis Genocide.
Nekro Saint also founded the now defunct industrial metal band “Smash My Brothers face in”
Nekro is currently writing a dubut album with Lord Horror although the band are still unsigned.
Jade Snyder
Jade Snyder is a Professor of Interactive Advertising at Temple University.
Ludus de Morte Claudii
* 1) REDIRECT The Pumpkinification of Claudius
Climate change apostle
Not notable; probably a violation of WP:NPOV. Shalom Hello 22:59, 27 August 2007 (UTC)
Climate change apostle refers a person who raised into prominence by selling AGW myth, rather than an unbiased evaluation of the scientific data. While the term 'climate alarmist' generally refers to scientists taking good faith positions on the global warming theory, 'climate change apostle' usually refers to disinformation campaigns alleged to be promoted and funded by groups with a financial interest in promoting the emphasis on catastrophic predictions of the GW theory, particularly groups with ties to the greenpiece.
Sonny Burgess
Sonny Burgess is a male country music singer. He is a native of Cleburne, Texas and travels the United States performing to Country Music Events.
When In Texas was released in 2001, on Music City Records. The album earned four top 10 singles in the Texas Music Charts. Sonny was invited to play at some of the most respected country music venues, The Grand Ole Opry, CMA Music Festival and The Wildhorse Saloon in Nashville, Tennessee.
Sonny's latest album, "Stronger" is considered to be one of his finest albums. The album has earned four successful singles.
Christ-Pythagoras's Explanatory Philosophy
Christian religion with bases on the teachings of Pythagoras and Jesus Christ. Started in Greece, in the age of the Roman domination. There aren't many informations about the teachings of this religion, only speculation based on very ancient and rare manuscripts. There isn't any church or specific temple, and the religion is transmitted by oral tradition.
Declined. We cannot accept unsourced suggestions or sources that are not reliable per the verifiability policy. Please provide reputable, third-party sources with your suggestions. Third party sources are needed both to establish the verifiability of the submission as well as its notability. Ariel ♥ Gold 22:35, 27 August 2007 (UTC)
* style="text-align:center;" | This is an archived discussion. Please do not modify it.
* }
* }
Mission Creek Midwest Festival
The Mission Creek Midwest Festival is a 4 day, independent music and arts festival held every year in Iowa City, Iowa.
Origins
Jeff Ray founded Mission Creek Productions eleven years ago in San Francisco. His team of producers works in San Francisco to give exposure to underexposed talent in the Bay Area. The San Francisco festival has introduced many local musicians who have gone on to achieve national acclaim, including: Joanna Newsom, Devendra Banhart, Rogue Wave, Erase Errata, Deerhoof, Film School, and the Coachwhips.
The idea for MCMF began in 2005, when co-founder and festival producer Andre Perry moved from San Francisco to Iowa City and met fellow producer and local musician Tanner Illingworth. Perry, who had worked on the Mission Creek festival in San Francisco, wanted to start a similar festival featuring artists and musicians from the Midwest. After recruiting Illingworth to co-produce the effort, the two successfully launched the 1st annual Mission Creek Midwest Festival on March 29, 2006.
MCMF productions have been held at various venues throughout Iowa City, including: The Picador (formerly Gabe's Oasis), the Mill, the Englert Theatre, the Iowa City Yacht Club, the Java House, and Prairie Lights.
MCMF 1 (2006)
The first ever Mission Creek Midwest Festival began on March 29, 2006 and ran until April 1, 2006. Featured artists included: Tapes 'n' Tapes, Casiotone for the Painfully Alone, Criteria, Horse the Band, the Slip, the Donkeys, Beth Lisick (SF author of Everybody Into The Pool), and various writers from the University of Iowa’s Writers’ Workshop.
MCMF 2 (2007)
The second annual Mission Creek Midwest Festival ran from March 28-31, 2007. For Year 2, the festival expanded its list of bands (and its budget), bringing in nationally acclaimed bands including: Tilly and the Wall, Rock Plaza Central, Patty Griffin, Mucca Pazza, Bound Stems, Baby Teeth, Golden Birds, David Karsten Daniels, Cartright, and These United States to play with local favorites such as the Death Ships, Envy Corps, Skursula, The Tanks, The Gglitch, David Zollo, the Feeding, and many, many more.
MCMF 3 (2008)
Planning for the 2008 Mission Creek Midwest Festival is currently in the works, with festival dates tenatively scheduled for early April.
Venues
The Picador
The Mill
Iowa City Yacht Club
The Englert Theatre
The Java House
Links
Mission Creek Midwest Festival Mission Creek Festival (San Francisco)
<IP_ADDRESS> 22:31, 27 August 2007 (UTC)
Declined. We cannot accept unsourced suggestions or sources that are not reliable per the verifiability policy. Please provide reputable, third-party sources with your suggestions. Third party sources are needed both to establish the verifiability of the submission as well as its notability. Precious Roy 22:52, 27 August 2007 (UTC)
* style="text-align:center;" | This is an archived discussion. Please do not modify it.
* }
* }
Spiral Drive Vehicles
Whilst most mechanical (as opposed to biological) propulsion systems on land are based on either wheels or caterpillar tracks, which turn in the direction of travel of the vehicle, one original drive system which received some attention from at least 1914, before being finally abandoned in the 1960's, was the spiral-drive system. Essentially, this consisted of one or more cylinders which sported a spiral screw-thread mounted on the outside of the cylinder, rather like large corkscrews or bolts, and which provided propulsion by rotating transversely to the direction of travel of the vehicle, thereby screwing themselves (and hence the vehicle) forwards, along the surface. The system, at least initially, seemed to hold great promise in traversing difficult terrain (for extreme off-road use, as well as in swampy, sandy, muddy, amphibious, and snow- and ice-bound conditions). One enormous advantage of this drive system, particularly as far as the military were concerned, was its ability to go rapidly from land to water to swamp, to mud, to sand and back without having to change drive systems, retract tyres, engage propellors etc. In any extreme driving situation, one of the most important requirements is a combination of flotation (so as not to break through a delicate surface and thus get bogged down) and traction, and it seemed, for a while, as if the use of large hollow cylindrical drive-screws could do this perfectly. However, there were many technical problems with this system, including excessively rapid wear of the drive-screws whilst driving across abraisive surfaces like rock and sand, as well as the fact that on soft snow the cylinders often failed to provide sufficient flotation, and it now seems to have been abandoned by all and sundry. One of the pioneers of this system, E. M. Tucker Sr. (1892 - ?) spent about 25 years trying to refine it, before abandoning the spiral drive system and going on to build the enormously successful Tucker Sno-Cat, which ran on more conventional caterpillar tracks.
Cosby Texta
A group of people noted for their considerable effects of strategies and its efforts as a group from american politics to australian politics. the opposition leader at the time 2007 Kevin Rudd said in parliament question time "the honorable, the prime minister (2007 john howard) the most notable part of the statements was the prime minister saying "the co-orlition wouldnt think of using them" (refering to Cosby Texta)the subsequent use of these powerful techniques since john howards re election due to the influential nature of these methods as being of questionable democratic merit | WIKI |
Paid Notice: Deaths TUCK, CATHERINE
TUCK-Catherine. The Division of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, and the Irving Center for Clinical Research of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University mourn the loss of our beloved colleague and friend, Catherine. Throughout her life and particularly during her illness, Catherine conducted herself with grace and beauty. She was dedicated to family and friends and to the highest quality of patient care and physician education. Our deepest sympathies to her family. We will all miss her dearly. Ira Goldberg, M.D., Div. of Preventive Medicine & Nutrition Henry Ginsberg, M.D. Irving Ctr Clinical Research TUCK-Catherine. The faculty, staff, students and patients of the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center at Columbia Presbyterian have lost a beloved colleague, teacher, physician and friend. We will remember her shining example always and she will be missed by the great many whose lives were touched by her special gifts. We are so saddened by this untimely loss and extend our heartfelt sympathies to her husband Ed, son Hallam and to her family. Robin Goland, M.D., Co-Director Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center at Columbia Presbyterian TUCK-Dr. Catherine Hudgins. The Division of Endocrinology of the Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, expresses its deep regret at the loss of our colleague. During her all too brief tenure, Catherine was a consummate physician, teacher, and friend. Throughout her illness, Catherine's resilient spririt enabled her to live life to its fullest. We extend our sympathy to her beloved husband, Ed, her son, Hallam, her parents and family. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Physics
Galvanometer
Galvanometer
Galvanometer
Definition
Galvanometer is an instrument to detect the presence of current through a circuit. It consists of a permanent magnet and coil. Current passes through the coil and causes the magnet to move; in a galvanometer the magnet is usually fixed and the coil attached to an arm or a vane or a needle whose deflection is proportional and in direction according to the polarity and magnitude of the current.
When a current passes through the coil, it experiences a deflection proportional to the charge through it. If a spring is used to restrain the coil, the deflection can be used to measure the current or a voltage. It is a simple instrument. The principle of the galvanometer is used in ammeters as well as voltmeters. It can be used as an ammeter by connecting a shunt in parallel to the coil. If the shunt is connected in series with the galvanometer coil, the galvanometer becomes a voltmeter.
Types of Galvanometer
Galvanometer is often used to refer to things other than devices which measure electrical current, such as charge or resistance; there is an amazing array of early designs for this instrument, considering their simplicity. Many of these design differences are to do with the cases that surround what is basically a twisting wire; however there is something definitively analog in their mechanism and 19th century amateur scientist in their variety.
Early galvanometers represent the extreme opposite of today’s high energy physics, which requires giant multi billion dollar apparatuses and extreme digital processing for measurement. A long way off a compass and a battery.
Thermo Galvanometer:
They can be used for the measurement of extremely small currents to a high degree of accuracy. It has practically no self-induction or capacity and can therefore be used on a circuit of any frequency.
String Galvanometer:
The string galvanometer was one of the earliest instruments capable of detecting and recording the very small electrical currents produced by the human heart and provided the first practical Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Mirror Galvanometer:
A mirror galvanometer is a mechanical meter that senses electric current, except that instead of moving a needle, it moves a mirror. Mirror galvanometers were used extensively in scientific instruments before reliable, stable electronic amplifiers were available. The most common uses were as recording equipment for seismometers and submarine cables used for telegraphy.
Vibration Galvanometer:
The vibration galvanometer is used for detecting alternating currents in the frequency of its natural resonance. Most common application is a as a null indicating instrument in AC bridges and current comparators.Vibration galvanometer is a type of mirror galvanometer, usually of the type of a coil suspended in the gap of a magnet. The natural oscillation frequency of the moving parts is carefully tuned to a specific frequency; commonly 50 or 60 Hz.
Ballistic Galvanometer:
Ballistic galvanometer is a type of mirror galvanometer. It can be either of the moving coil or moving magnet type, but unlike a current-measuring galvanometer, the moving part has a large moment of inertia, thus giving it a low oscillation period. It is really an integrator measuring the quantity of charge discharged through it
Astatic Galvanometer:
The astatic galvanometer is a current measuring deviceUnlike in a simple, magnetic-needle galvanometer; the astatic galvanometer has two magnetic needles parallel to each other, but with the magnetic poles reversed. Thus the suspended (by a silk thread) needle assembly, having a null magnetic dipole moment, is not affected by the earth’s magnetic field. The lower needle is inside the current sensing coils and is deflected by the magnetic field created by the passing current.
Uses of Galvanometer
Probably the largest use of galvanometers was the D’Arsonval/Weston type movement used in analog meters in electronic equipment. Since the 1980s, galvanometer-type analog meter movements have been displaced by analog to digital converters (ADCs) for some uses. A digital panel meter (DPM) contains an analog to digital converter and numeric display. The advantages of a digital instrument are higher precision and accuracy, but factors such as power consumption or cost may still favor application of analog meter movements.
Most modern uses for the galvanometer mechanism are in positioning and control systems. Galvanometer mechanisms are divided into moving magnet and moving coil galvanometers; in addition, they are divided into closed-loop and open-loop – or resonant – types. Mirror galvanometer systems are used as beam positioning or beam steering elements in laser scanning systems. A galvanometer mechanism is used for the head positioning servos in hard disk drives and CD and DVD players. These are all of the moving coil type, in order to keep mass, and thus access times, as low as possible. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Langer 'certain' he has not broken putting rule
(Reuters) - Bernhard Langer issued a statement on Friday saying he is “certain” he has not been violating a rule banning players from anchoring their putter during their stroke. Golf Channel analyst and former PGA Tour player Brandel Chamblee stoked controversy in a Golf Channel column on Wednesday by calling Langer’s putting stroke into question. Langer, a former world number one and two-time Masters champion, said his stroke did not breach the rule. “I’m certain that I am not anchoring the putter and that my putting stroke is not violating the Rules of Golf,” Langer said in a statement released via the PGA Tour. “I have been in contact with the USGA and rules officials ... and each time I have been assured that my putting stroke is within the Rules of Golf. “I will continue to play with the same integrity that I’ve displayed throughout my career.” In his column, Chamblee wrote, “... I cannot believe what I am seeing on PGA Tour Champions, with regard to the putting strokes of Bernhard Langer and Scott McCarron. “When the anchored-putting ban went into effect in January 2016, putting techniques and lives changed,” he added. “... Langer did not alter his long putter anchored (looking) putting technique, except to say he was moving the butt end away from his body after making practice strokes with it touching his body.” The rule states that “while making a stroke, a player may not anchor the club (i) ‘directly’ or (ii) indirectly through use of an ‘anchor point’,” noting that an anchor point exists when the player intentionally holds a forearm in contact with any part of his body to establish a gripping hand as a stable point around which the other hand may swing the club. Chamblee wrote that it was the use of the word “intentionally” that had created a grey area. “Intent is the get-out-of-jail-free card for both the player and those who are meant to police the player,” he wrote. In a statement released along with Langer’s, the United States Golf Association (USGA) said it had seen “no evidence” of any player breaching the rule. “We are confident that Rule (14-1b) has been applied fairly and consistently and have seen no evidence of a player breaching the rule, which does not prohibit a hand or club to touch a player’s clothing in making a stroke.” Reporting by Andrew Both in Cary, North Carolina; Editing by Peter Rutherford | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
The largest strike in Canadian history started with metal and building workers seeking better wages and working conditions. Labourers had been pushing for similar changes for decades at that point, and the First World War helped bring these demands to the forefront.
Soldiers returned to find jobs scarce, wages low, housing in short supply and rents exorbitant. Meanwhile, many businesses—manufacturers in particular—had profited from the war. Men returned wounded or traumatized and found the better world they had fought for hadn’t materialized on the home front.
“In Germany I fed on grass and rats,” one veteran wrote in Winnipeg’s Western Labor News. “I would prefer going back to eating grass than give up the freedom for which I fought so hard and suffered so much.”
Some 30,000 Winnipeggers joined a general strike on May 15, 1919. The city ground to a virtual standstill as workers from a wide range of occupations all walked off their jobs.
They were condemned as revolutionists, “alien scum” and Bolsheviks by the government and business leaders. James Woodsworth, a Winnipeg preacher, defended the strike. “These men did their fair share,” he said. “Now the rich should pay theirs!”
The workers formed a Central Strike Committee. But those in charge refused to meet with them. Instead, Parliament quickly amended the Immigration Act so that foreign-born strikers—even the British—could be deported. The country that many of the protesters had fought for was turning on them.
Not all veterans, however, were in favour of the strike. Some felt that foreign-born
workers were taking the jobs of returning vets. The country had come together for the war effort and now fresh divisions were emerging.
Men who had fought alongside one another only a year earlier were now on opposite sides.
Tensions continued to mount, culminating in “Bloody Saturday” on June 21. A crowd of about 6,000 strikers marched to Winnipeg’s city hall. Then-mayor Charles Gray read them the Riot Act to little avail.
The Royal North-West Mounted Police were waiting nearby. They were joined by a special militia that had been formed to replace striking policemen. Many of the “specials” were veterans, as were many of the strikers. Men who had fought alongside one another only a year earlier were now on opposite sides.
After the strikers set a streetcar on fire, the Mounties, revolvers drawn, charged down Main Street into the mass of protesters. The specials joined the police, patrolling the streets with clubs in hand. At the end of the clashes, two strikers were dead, dozens wounded and 94 were arrested. Workers returned to their jobs five days later. The Winnipeg General Strike was over.
Woodsworth was charged with seditious libel, though the case was later dropped. He and other labour organizers formed the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation, a socialist political group that evolved into the New Democratic Party in 1932. Woodsworth was elected to Parliament in 1921 and continued to fight for employee rights as an MP until his death in 1942.
While the strike was convincingly crushed, it paved the way for labour reform, and served to unite workers across the country. | FINEWEB-EDU |
IAR Systems Strengthens Growth Strategy with Recruitment of Industry Expert Ali Sebt
UPPSALA, Sweden, March 14, 2018 /PRNewswire/ -- IAR Systems®, the future-proof supplier of software tools and services for embedded development, today announces that the company has appointed Ali Sebt as Chief Corporate Development Officer. In his role, Mr. Sebt will plan and execute strategies to meet IAR Systems' increased ambitions for future growth, with a special focus to complement its IoT strategy with the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI).
Ali Sebt has an exceptional background within the embedded industry with previous positions including President of Renesas Electronics America, a division of semiconductor giant Renesas Electronics Corporation. In addition, Mr. Sebt served as the Senior Vice President of the Japanese parent company, where he was responsible for the company's global IoT business unit based in California, where he headed the conceptualization, development and global launch of the next-generation embedded platform, the Renesas Synergy™ Platform. This platform was launched in 2016 with IAR Systems as the exclusive development tools provider. Most recently, Mr. Sebt has held the position of President and Chief Marketing Officer at VIMOC Technologies Inc., an innovator of smart infrastructure solutions and IoT applications. In his role, he established the strategy for VIMOC's AI-enabled software platform for smart infrastructures.
With a strong passion for innovation and a drive for building a better world with new technology, Mr. Sebt is a well-recognized keynote speaker and panelist at a wide range of high-profile industry IoT conferences and events.
"We are extremely happy to have a real industry superstar join IAR Systems to further strengthen our corporate development strategy," says Stefan Skarin, CEO, IAR Systems. "Ali Sebt has a deep understanding of the embedded market. His strong experience from forming and executing business strategies for IoT and emerging technologies, coupled with proven creativity and a visionary mindset, will bring exciting new possibilities for us to grow."
"The emergence of AI is further enabling the smart world by delivering on the promise of IoT, and by enabling smart edge computing solutions," comments Ali Sebt, newly appointed Chief Corporate Development Officer, IAR Systems. "Since our cooperation on the Renesas Synergy Platform, I am well acquainted with the vision and company values of IAR Systems and I am excited to become part of a service-minded, tech-savvy team with a strong ambition to be a frontrunner in the next generation of the embedded industry."
Ali Sebt will assume his new position as Chief Corporate Development Officer at IAR Systems as per May 1, 2018. He will be stationed at IAR Systems US headquarters in Foster City, California, where he will be able to interact on a personal level with the many innovative technology entrepreneurs of Silicon Valley.
Editor's Note: IAR Systems, IAR Embedded Workbench, IAR Connect, C-SPY, C-RUN, C-STAT, IAR Visual State, IAR KickStart Kit, I-jet, I-jet Trace, I-scope, IAR Academy, IAR, and the logotype of IAR Systems are trademarks or registered trademarks owned by IAR Systems AB. All other products names are trademarks of their respective owners.
IAR Systems contacts
AnnaMaria Tahlén, Media Relations, IAR Systems
Tel: +46 18 16 78 00 E-mail: annamaria.tahlen@iar.com
Stefan Skarin, CEO, IAR Systems
Tel: +46 18 16 78 00 E-mail: stefan.skarin@iar.com
This information was brought to you by Cision http://news.cision.com
http://news.cision.com/iar-systems/r/iar-systems-strengthens-growth-strategy-with-recruitment-of-industry-expert-ali-sebt,c2472060
The following files are available for download:
http://mb.cision.com/Main/386/2472060/805517.pdf
PDF
http://news.cision.com/iar-systems/i/ali-sebt,c2364751
Ali Sebt
View original content: http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/iar-systems-strengthens-growth-strategy-with-recruitment-of-industry-expert-ali-sebt-300613811.html
SOURCE IAR Systems | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
User:Nalsenai
Contributor to Lithuanian Wikipedia from 19th November, 2005 and to English Wikipedia from 9th September, 2012. I'm mainly concentrating on Trees, Animals and related articles. | WIKI |
Page:Three stories by Vítězslav Hálek (1886).pdf/51
them a good piece of the way, as if the two wanderers had been their own children.
Just before bidding adieu, Venik and Krista struck up the “Orphan Child,” and the procession was drowned in tears. Then Venik struck up a lively tune, and the parting was a merry one. Their kind friends embraced them, and promised them whenever they chose to re-visit the village, to receive them with open arms.
So they separated. In the next village the young people were all expectancy, and Venik and Krista were welcomed as brother and sister.
All marched together to the accompaniment of music to and from school, then to the different houses in the village; and on the way there was a repitition of what took place in the first parish the two children had entered. The whole village went into raptures, and when the “Orphaned Child” was played people were drowned in tears.
This song had everywhere the power of enchantment. People were quite beside themselves, and yet they could have listened to it till nightfall and beyond. They scrutinized Venik and the strings of his violin, to see whether the instrument really was the source of what they heard issue from it. But the music must have been there evolved, although to them it appeared exactly as though the music came from Venik himself. As to Krista it was easier to satisfy oneself, she obviously spoke with a | WIKI |
Ethiopia at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Ethiopia competed in the Olympic Games for the first time at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, Australia. Twelve competitors, all men, took part in ten events in two sports.
Athletics
Men's 100m Men's 200m Men's 400m Men's 800m Men's 1500m Men's 4 x 100 Relay Men's 4 x 400 Relay Men's Marathon
* Abebe Hailou —
* Heat — 11.54 (→ did not advance)
* Beyene Legesse —
* Heat — 11.94 (→ did not advance)
* Roba Negousse —
* Heat — 12.07 (→ did not advance)
* Abebe Hailou —
* Heat — 23.25 (→ did not advance)
* Beyene Legesse —
* Heat — 23.63 (→ did not advance)
* Roba Negousse —
* Heat — 23.89 (→ did not advance)
* Ajanew Bayene —
* Heat — 51.53 (→ did not advance)
* Abebe Hailou —
* Heat — 49.18 (→ did not advance)
* Beyene Legesse —
* Heat — 50.83 (→ did not advance)
* Ajanew Bayene —
* Heat — DNF (→ did not advance)
* Mamo Wolde
* Heat — 1:58.0 (→ did not advance)
* Mamo Wolde —
* Heat — 3:51.0 (→ did not advance)
* Bekele Haile
* Abebe Hailou
* Beyene Legesse
* Roba Negousse
* Heat — 44.47 (→ did not advance)
* Ajanew Bayene
* Abebe Hailou
* Beyene Legesse
* Mamo Wolde
* Heat — 3:29.93 (→ did not advance)
* Bashay Feleke — 2:53:37 (→ 29th place)
* Gebre Birkay — 2:58:49 (→ 32nd place)
Cycling
* Team road race
* Guremu Demboba Mesfen Tesfaye Zehaye Bahta — 99 points (→ 9th place)
* Individual road race
* Guremu Demboba — 5:26:58 (→ 25th place)
* Mesfen Tesfaye — 5:34:25 (→ 36th place)
* Zehaye Bahta — 5:34:37 (→ 38th place)
* Negousse Mengistu — did not finish (→ no ranking) | WIKI |
meta title and meta description
Can you advise ?
I have a couple of questions regarding the best way to get my meta description on pages.
At the moment, I am using a codeblock for writing the meta description, on all pages, images and albums.
However if no description has been entered, the attribute is blank.
Is it possible to use the opening sentence of the content if nothing has been entered in the codeblock?
Or is there a plugin that can do this or something similar?
I am using an oldish zenpage but fairly up to date with zenphoto core Zenphoto version 1.4.14
I was also hoping to add page title meta of
e.g. add code block, add page title if empty
Also, my homepage is using a different template and this is not recognising either printCodeblock or printPageCustomData so I have to hardcode it on the home page which is not ideal.
What should I be using here if that is incorrect?
thanks for any pointers.
Tags:
Comments
• acrylian Administrator
You are referring the the <meta>element within the page <head>?
I am not sure what you exactly are asking.
The official html_meta_tags plugin automatically uses the content of the item, so descriptions on images and albums (and the main gallery page the gallery dessriptions) and the content of pages, articles and categories. I have to look but I think it uses the general gallery descriptions if the item itself has no text content.
If you don't use this plugin you need to do it all yourself via the theme code, manually so to speak.
• Yes I am referring to the element in the page .
I have tried the plugin HTML_meta_tags - it takes the first sentence of the page content, but I would like the option to manually add a meta description.
So I would like it to work the other way round.
I have coded my theme to use
" />
Ideally this would be conditional, so if nothing was entered in the codeblock, the first sentence of the content would be used.
Is something like this possible?
My other problem is that my home page is not recognising my content in the codeblock.
My homepage template uses the above code for the meta description, but it is not working.
Any idea how I could fix this?
Many thanks!
• vincent3569 Member
edited June 2018
In the same way, I think something is missing with html_meta_tagsplugin.
If we are on an image page, we have <meta> data like
<meta property="og:title" content="Panorama sur Florence (Vacances en Italie) - Galerie">
<meta property="og:image" content="http://www.vincentbourganel.fr/zp-core/i.php?a=20180407-voyage-cinque-terre&i=img_1399.jpg&w=1100&h=440&cw=0&ch=0&q=90&wmk=%21&check=7ff8cbb519326b302d9232a49f7bb7418e21d7bf">
<meta property="og:description" content="Depuis Piazzale Michelangelo">
<meta property="og:url" content="http://www.vincentbourganel.fr/20180407-voyage-cinque-terre/img_1399.jpg.html">
But If we use images of the gallery in a news (by using ZP plugin of TinyMCE), there is no <meta> data about these pictures. There are only <meta> data about news itself.
when I want to share that news on social media like FB, pictures are not "read" by FB and then they are not shown by FB.
So I have a lot of troubleshoot to share news on FB.
• Apologies - I meant to say <meta> element in the <head>
And I meant to add the following tag after
I have coded my theme to use....
<meta name="description" content="<?php printCodeblock(2); ?>" />
• acrylian Administrator
edited June 2018
@vincent3569
But If we use images of the gallery in a news (by using ZP plugin of TinyMCE), there is no data about these pictures. There are only data about news itself.
Yes, of course not because the current "page" or "item" is the news article and not the image(s) within. That's how FB & Co work, they use the current url (and ofcourse the info within the opengraph elements if available or often just the first image found). The plugin does not and cannot know about images statically embedded into an articlce or page or what you would like.
If you want to share images with their own url on these services, you need to share the actual image page.
@lainyrache
Yes, that is a way if you need to use another page. You can still use the html_meta_tags plugin for all other pages but you need to disable its description field to not get a double one. And of course you need to do this manual part on any page then, too.
• vincent3569 Member
edited June 2018
news sharing on FN does not work well at this time.
FB does not find the main image (the 1st one) of the news because there is no <meta> opengraph for this image.
I have to go through an FB debugging tool (https://developers.facebook.com/tools/debug/) to generate a pseudo <meta> opengraph from the url of my news. the news is then cached on FB and when I share it, it uses the data of the cache and correctly shows the image that I want to show.
an interesting feature for zenphoto would be that the html_meta_tags plugin should scan the news/pages and should generate <meta> opengraph on the images found on the news/pages.
• Thanks Acrylian.
That's clear about the plugin now.
My issue now is getting codeblock content to appear on my home page.
My home page is using a different template from all other pages and any content I add to a codeblock is not being called to the page.
Can you think of any reason for this?
• fretzl Administrator
Are you using the printCodeblock() function where you want it to appear?
• Yes I am. The code is exactly the same as on my pages.php file where it works fine.
• acrylian Administrator
edited June 2018
printCodeblock context senstivie to the current object (album, image etc). On index (homepage) there is no direct "item" beside the gallery itself in general so you need to tell the function what object's codeblock you want by setting the 2nd parameter:
https://docs.zenphoto.org/function-printCodeblock.html
Basics of the object model which lies under everything is explained here:
https://www.zenphoto.org/news/zenphotos-object-model-framework/
It's a bit advanced stuff perhaps.
• Thanks Acrylian, I got around this by simplifying the templates and using the default template for the homepage. So I think I've got it sorted now.
Thanks for the advice!
Sign In or Register to comment. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
In other languages: Čeština Deutsch Français 日本語 Polski Русский 简体中文
Fluid system
From Official Factorio Wiki
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Fluids are non-solid items, such as water and oil. They can normally only exist inside entities for fluid handling (like pipes), and buildings that have fluids as input ingredients or products (like an oil refinery).
Fluids
"Fluids" tab on the production statistics screen.
The following fluids are available in-game:
Water.png
Water
Crude oil.png
Crude oil
Petroleum gas.png
Petroleum gas
Light oil.png
Light oil
Heavy oil.png
Heavy oil
Lubricant.png
Lubricant
Sulfuric acid.png
Sulfuric acid
Steam.png
Steam
Mechanics
Fluids cannot be carried by the player, moved using inserters, dropped on the ground, nor stored in chests, unless the fluids are stored in barrels. They cannot be spilled or even dumped in a lake, and are counted in continuous fractions, rather than discrete integers.
When the player picks up a structure that contains fluids, the contained fluid will try to flow into connected structures and any excess fluid that does not fit is destroyed.
Storage
In the game, fluid is held in entities that behave as vessels (fluid boxes) of a defined size (volume). The vessels automatically connect to each other if their inputs/outputs are adjacent (pipes connect to all directions) and allow fluids to flow between them.
The volume of fluid contained in a fluid box is a value between 0 and the maximum volume. For instance, the pipe can hold 100 units of fluid, therefore the value in the pipe can be a number between 0 and 100. The level of fluid in a given entity is manifested by a percentage of the entity's maximum volume that is being occupied by a fluid. It can be observed in pipes and tanks; they have windows through which the fluid is seen at a certain level, or perhaps even as just a small trickle.
Fluid mixing
GUI of a pipe inside a fluid system containing mixed fluids. Clicking the trash can icon next to a fluid will flush that fluid from the system.
The game will prevent players from accidentally mixing fluids when placing most buildings, e.g. pipes containing different fluids cannot be placed directly next to each other. However, not every possible case of fluid mixing is considered, so the player may still mix fluids accidentally or by purposely working around the building restrictions. A fluid system containing mixed fluids can be cleared of the undesired fluids in the GUI of a pipe or storage tank that is part of that fluid system. Fluids that are flushed from pipes or storage tanks are deleted permanently.
In a fluid system that contains mixed fluids, the alt-mode fluids icons on its pipes/storage tanks will reflect the fluid that is contained in that specific structure. So, it may look like a fluid system only contains one fluid when looking at the alt-mode icons, when in reality it contains multiple fluids which are located in some other connected structures. The GUI of a connected pipe or storage tank will always show all fluids contained in the fluid system.
This means that if the game disallows connecting two pipes that look like they contain the same fluid with "Cannot connect systems with different fluids", one of the fluid systems contains multiple fluids. This can solved easily by opening the GUIs of the pipes that the game refuses to connect which will show the extra fluid and allow flushing it from the fluid system.
Flow
All connected tanks and pipes are treated as a single vessel in that the level of fluid must be equal in all parts, to even out pressure exacted by a higher fluid level on smaller ones. This is why level is also often referred to as pressure, even though pressure is actually caused by a difference in level between two entities. All flow of fluid that happens between pipes is to achieve this balance (pumps practically ignore it and buildings disrupt it; more on that further below). The flow rate between pipes is dependent on pressure (the difference in level between the adjacent entities), it becomes slower as pipes even their levels out.
Coming back to how the 'level' is defined, this also means that all connected pipes and tanks attempt to even out to the same percentage of their respective volumes. For example, if 12,550 units of fluid are left to flow into a storage tank of 25,000-unit capacity with one pipe of 100-unit capacity connected, there will be 12,500 units in the storage tank and 50 units in the pipe, both being filled to the same percentage (50%) of their capacities, even though the amounts themselves are unequal.
Machines that produce fluids put them in their output slots, which are related to a specifically labeled output pipe socket somewhere on the machine (pressing Alt reveals the labels). The slot will attempt to empty itself into the entity connected to the machine's socket, unless it is full, or contains a non-matching fluid. Machines that consume fluids also have an accordingly labeled pipe input socket. If an entity containing the correct fluid is connected to it, the machine will start behaving like a pipe that can never be filled, meaning the fluid from connected pipes and tanks drains into the machine at a fixed rate, until the machine's input slot is full. There may be machines that have pipe sockets for both input and output (like a drill placed over uranium ore). They then drain the fluid for themselves first, and once full, behave as a regular pipe that attempts to even out its level with adjacent entitites. If there are multiple output/input sockets for one fluid on a machine, their activity is distributed to them equally unless some of them are blocked/full.
Temperature
Temperature is currently only relevant in heating water as a medium for power generation. Even though all fluids in the game have a temperature value, it is generally the default 15°C.
Energy, whether harnessed from fuel in boilers, or from nuclear power through heat exchangers, can be used to turn water to steam, being a liquid form of work. Steam holds energy at a ratio of 0.2 kJ per °C per unit. In other words: 0.2 kJ of work is necessary to heat a unit of steam by one °C. Since steam/water is set to have a maximum temperature of 1000°C and minimum of 15°C, the most work that can be done on one unit is 197 kJ.
In practice, this is barely utilized in a great variety: Boilers only output steam of 165°C temperature, and heat exchangers only output 500°C hot steam, never hotter, never colder; if insufficient energy is supplied, the heaters do not output steam altogether. The steam also does not grow colder over time. Using the 165°C steam in a steam engine has the same effect as using it in a steam turbine, although it is impractical, since turbines are made to consume 500°C (superheated) steam, generating proportionally more power. All of this makes for no need of exact calculations.
Transport
Fluids can be transported through pipelines, barrels, or railway. It is generally practical to use piping for short-distance distribution to machines (or barrelling, if there is need to use belts), and railway transportation for longer distances.
Pipelines
Eight pipelines, each carrying a different fluid.
Pipes are the most basic way to channel fluids from A to B. They automatically connect to any adjacent pipe and can do so to all four cardinal directions simultaneously. Underground pipes only work in two opposite directions, linking to another underground pipe on one side, and to another entity on the other. If a pipe section becomes too long without using pumps, all fluid inside it will be "spread thin", resulting in very slow flow and preventing machines to use its contents effectively. Tanks behave the same as pipes, except their volume is much greater, which can cause this inconvenience over a much smaller distance if multiple tanks are used. Underground pipes can help alleviate this issue; although they can connect a distance of up to 10 tiles, their volume is always equivalent to two pipes.
Pumps use electrical power to transfer fluids in one direction very quickly. They also block any back-flow, which means they can pressurize a section of piping, filling it as much as possible. This is very useful to counteract the "thin spread" outlined above, among other things. They can also be disabled using the circuit network which stops fluid flow through the pump.
The table below shows how fast will fluid flow in a pipeline with a certain frequency of pumps. If a higher flow rate is desired, pumps should be placed more frequently. Because underground pipes only count as 2 regular pipes in terms of volume, a full-length section only counts as two pipes in this table, if a pump is placed between each underground section. Placing a filled storage tank before a pump ensures maximum possible flow rate and is therefore a suitable start of any pipeline.
Number of pipes
between two pumps
Maximum flow
(u/sec)
0 (pump to pump) 12000
0 (tank to pump) 12000
0 (pump to tank) 12000
0 (pump to boiler to pump) 12000
0 (pump to 2 boilers to pump) 6000
1 6000
2 3000
3 2250
4 1909
5 1714
6 1588
7 1500
8 1434
9 1384
10 1344
11 1312
12 1285
17 1200
20 1169
30 1112
50 1067
100 1033
150 1022
200 1004
201 999
261 799
300 707
400 546
500 445
600 375
800 286
1000 230
Note that all fluid throughput numbers listed above are not directly calculated by the game, but are a result of the underlying fluid mechanics.
Approximate formula for throughput by number of pipes between two pumps:
1 <= pipes < 197:
flow = 10000 / (3 * pipes - 1) + 1000
pipes >= 197:
flow = 240000 / (pipes + 39)
The above formula is empirically inferred from the actual measurements, and is not an accurate representation of what happens in the game code. Starting with pipe lengths above 166, its result may be 1 too high compared to in-game measurements with pumps.[1]
Barrels
Barrels are used by Assembling machines to effectively "bottle" fluids into an item that can be handled like any other item; carried in an inventory, placed in chests and handled by Inserters. This allows the player to transport fluids via the belt transport system and the logistic network. Assembling machines are also used to empty the barrels, depositing their contents to pipes and leaving an empty barrel for another use.
Railway
Railway is another method of transporting fluids, and can be conducted in two ways: Either the fluids are directly pumped into a fluid wagon, or they are poured into barrels and loaded into cargo wagons. Both methods have their advantages:
Advantages of using fluid wagons
• Faster loading and unloading
• Higher capacity (25k vs 20k)
Advantages of using barrels in cargo wagons
• A single cargo wagon can transport multiple types of barrelled fluid (and regular items at the same time)
• Cargo wagons, as opposed to fluid wagons, don't need to be perfectly aligned to be (un-)loaded, allowing for more flexible train station designs
See also | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.