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Understanding Testosterone Enanthate Oral Administration
Understanding Testosterone Enanthate Oral Administration
Testosterone enanthate is a popular anabolic steroid that is commonly used for muscle growth and performance enhancement. While it is most commonly administered through https://testosteroneenanthate-cycle.com/ injections, some individuals may prefer oral administration for various reasons. Here, we will explore the ins and outs of testosterone enanthate oral administration.
What is Testosterone Enanthate?
Testosterone enanthate is a synthetic form of testosterone, which is the primary male sex hormone responsible for the development of male reproductive tissues and secondary sexual characteristics. It is commonly used in the treatment of hypogonadism and other hormonal imbalances.
Oral Administration of Testosterone Enanthate
While testosterone enanthate is typically administered through intramuscular injections, some individuals may opt for oral administration due to personal preferences or convenience. However, it is important to note that oral administration of testosterone enanthate is not as common or as effective as injections.
FAQs about Testosterone Enanthate Oral Administration
• Is oral administration of testosterone enanthate safe?
• While oral administration may be convenient for some individuals, it is not as effective or as safe as injections. The liver metabolizes oral testosterone enanthate differently, which can lead to liver toxicity and other side effects.
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• Oral administration of testosterone enanthate requires higher doses to achieve the same effects as injections. Additionally, the bioavailability of oral testosterone enanthate is lower, meaning that less of the hormone reaches the bloodstream.
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In conclusion, while testosterone enanthate oral administration may be a viable option for some individuals, it is essential to consult with a healthcare professional before making any decisions. Understanding the differences between oral administration and injections, as well as the potential risks and benefits, is crucial in ensuring safe and effective use of this anabolic steroid.
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List of Golden Gate Transit routes
Golden Gate Transit (GGT) operates eight bus routes, including four Regional routes and four Commute routes. Schedules are updated quarterly to improve schedule reliability and efficiency. Route information listed below is current as of August 31, 2022.
Regional service
Golden Gate Transit operates four Regional bus routes, which provide daily service between San Francisco, Marin, Sonoma, and Contra Costa Counties.
* Serving San Francisco via Civic Center
* Serving the East Bay
Commute service
GGT operates four Commute bus routes, which operate during weekday peak periods only.
* Serving San Francisco via Fisherman's Wharf
Early Bird Express service
GGT operates two Early Bird Express routes under contract with BART to replace early-morning train service during seismic retrofitting of the Transbay Tube.
Route 704 runs westbound only from El Cerrito del Norte Station to Salesforce Transit Center.
Route 705 runs westbound only from MacArthur Station to Salesforce Transit Center with stops at 19th Street/Oakland Station and at West Grand Avenue and Adeline Street in West Oakland.
Marin Transit service
GGT operates local service within Marin County on six routes under contract with Marin Transit. See Marin Transit for information on Routes 23, 23X, 29, 35, 36, and 71.
Discontinued service
GGT has operated several different bus routes over the years that have been discontinued or significantly altered. | WIKI |
SOUTHERN PAC. R. CO. v. AMBLER GRAIN & MILLING CO.
No. 6953.
Circuit Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.
July 27, 1933.
Rehearing Denied Sept. 6, 1933.
Frank Thunen, of San Francisco, Cal., for appellant.
Arch. H. Vernon, of Los Angeles, Cal., for appellee.
Before WILBUR, SAWTELLE, and MACK, Circuit Judges.
SAWTELLE, Circuit Judge.
An action was brought by the appellant against the appellee to remove a cloud on the appellant’s title to a strip of land in Los Angeles county, Cal., claimed by the appellant to be part of the 200-foot right of way granted to it by an act of Congress approved March 3, 1871 (16 Stat. 573).
It is admitted that William M. Tileston, predecessor in interest of the appellee, filed a homestead entry upon the subdivision embracing- the strip in controversy on August 5, 1870, improved and cultivated the land and resided upon it, and on May O', 1871, commuted his claim to a cash entry, upon which a patent to Tileston was issued on November 10, 1874.
The cause was submitted upon a stipulation of facts and upon briefs of counsel. The court below entered a judgment declaring the appellee to be the owner in fee simple of the strip in question, and decreeing that the appellant had no right or title therein. From that judgment was taken the present appeal.
The appellant challenges the adverse conclusion of the court below upon two grounds:
(1) The inchoate right of the homestead entryman did not withdraw the land from the operation of the right of way grant, even though it did withdraw it from the adverse entry under the general land laws.
(2) Whatever the effect of the homestead entry as a withdrawal from the public domain, the fee was in the government on March 3, 1871, and passed by the grant. The commutation from homestead to cash entry on May 6, 1871, was in law an abandonment of the homestead claim and the initiation of a new right, subject to the intervening right of way grant of March 3, 1871.
We turn first to the Act of March 3,1871, by the terms of which the rights of the appellant to the strip in controversy are to be partly, but not entirely, measured.
Section 23 of the Act, at 16 Stat. 579, reads as follows: “That, for the purpose of connecting the Texas Pacific railroad with the city of San Francisco, the Southern Pacific Railroad Company of California is hereby authorized (subject to the laws of California) to construct a line of railroad from a point at or near Tehachapa [sic] Pass, by way of Los Angeles, to the Texas Pacific railroad at or near the Colorado river, with the same rights, grants, and privileges, and subject to the same limitations, restrictions, and conditions as were granted to said Southern Pacific Railroad Company of California, by the act of July twenty-seven, eighteen hundred and sixty-six: Provided, however, That this section shall in no way affect or impair the rights, present or prospective, of the Atlantic and Pacific Railroad Company or any other railroad company.”
It next becomes necessary to examine the Act of July 27, 1866, referred to in the foregoing section. Section 18 of that act provides as follows: “ * * * That the Southern Pacific Railroad, * * * is hereby authorized to connect with the said Atlantic and Pacific Railroad, formed under this act, at such point, near the boundary line of the State of California, as they shall deem most suitable for a railroad line to San Francisco, and shall have a uniform gauge and rate of freight or fare with said road; and in consideration thereof, to aid in its construction, shall have similar grants of land, subject to all the conditions and limitations herein provided, and shall be required to construct its road on the like regulations, as to time and manner, with the Atlantic and Pacific Railroad herein provided for.” 14 Stat. 299.
Section 2 of the same act provides: “See. 2. And he it further enacted, That the right of way through the public lands be, and the same is hereby, granted to the said Atlantic and Pacific Railroad Company, its successors and assigns, for the construction of a railroad and telegraph as proposed; and the right, power, and authority is hereby given to said corporation to take from the public lands adjacent to the line of said road material of earth, stone, timber, and so forth, for the construction thereof. Said way is granted to said railroad to the extent of one hundred feet in width on each side of said railroad where it may pass through the public domain, including all necessary grounds for station-buildings, workshops, depots, machine-shops, switches, side-tracks, turn-tables, and water-stations ; and the right of way shall be exempt from taxation within the Territories of the United States. The United States shall extinguish, as rapidly as may be consistent with public policy and the welfare of the Indians, and only by their voluntary cession, the Indian title to all lands falling under the operation of this act and acquired in the donation to the road named in the act.”
Finally, in searching the act of 1866 for the conditions and' limitations therein provided, we find the following reservations contained in section 3 of the act: “ * * *
That there be, and hereby is, granted to the Atlantic and Pacific Railroad Company, its successors and assigns, for the purpose of aiding in the construction of said railroad and telegraph line to the Pacific coast, and to-secure the safe and speedy transportation of the mails, troops, munitions of war, and public stores, over the route of said line of railway and its branches, every alternate section of public land, not mineral, designated by odd numbers, to the amount of twenty alternate sections per mile, on each side of said railroad line, as said company may adopt, through the Territories of the United States, and ten alternate sections of land per mile on each side of said railroad whenever it passes through any State, and whenever, on the line thereof, the United States have full title, not reserved, sold, granted, or otherwise appropriated, and free from pre-emption or other claims or rights, at the time the line of said road is designated by a plat thereof, filed in the office of the commissioner of the general land office; and whenever, prior to said time, any of said sections or parts of sections shall have been granted, sold, reserved, occupied by homestead settlers, or pre-empted, or otherwise disposed of, other lands shall be selected by said company in lieu thereof, under the direction of the Secretary of the Interior, in alternate sections, and designated by odd numbers, not more than ten miles beyond the limits of said alternate sections, and not including the reserved numbers. * *
The pivotal question in the present controversy is whether or not the filing of an “inchoate” homestead entry upon public land so withdraws the land embraced by such entry that it is no longer part of the public domain, and is not included in a subsequent grant of a right of way to a railroad that, but for such homestead entry, would embrace such land.
An unbroken line of Supreme Court decisions leads us irresistibly to an affirmative answer to the above proposition.
The leading case on the subject is Kansas Pacific Railway Co. v. Dunmeyer, 113 U. S. 629, 641, 642, 644, 5 S. Ct. 566, 567, 28 L. Ed. 1122. That ease was a suit for breach of covenant of warranty of title to a tract of land in Kansas. The railroad’s title was derived from grants of public land under various statutes. The tract in controversy was within the location of the railroad grants, but was excepted from those grants by reason of a homestead entry and possession. Subsequently to this entry and possession, the party so in possession took the title from the railroad company, and the homestead entry was canceled. The alleged paramount adverse title was derived from a patent from the United States, issued on a homestead entry made subsequently to those proceedings. The Supreme Court of Kansas found that there was a breach of the warranty, and rendered judgment accordingly.
The land was sold by -the railroad to George W. Miller, to whom a certificate of sale was given, which afterwards came by assignments to Lewis Dunmeyer, to whom the railroad made a deed purporting to convey a good title. On that covenant for good title Dunmeyer brought his action, alleging that the railroad never had any title, and that the covenant was therefore broken.
The Supreme Court of the United States regarded the railroad’s title to the land at the time it made the conveyance to Dunmeyer as being perfect, “unless it came within some of the exceptions contained in the language.of the grant.” The Supreme Court of Kansas based its decision on the ground that the tract did come within the language of such an exception. That language was as follows: «>e * « That there be, and is hereby, granted to the said company, for the purpose of aiding in the construction of said railroad and telegraph line, and to secure the safe and speedy transportation of the mails, troops, munitions of war, and public stores thereon, every alternate section of public land, designated by odd numbers, to the amount of five alternate sections per mile on each side of said railroad, on the line thereof, and within the limits of ten miles on each side of said road, not sold, reserved, or otherwise disposed of by the United States, and to which a preemption or homestead claim may not have attached, at the time the line of said road is definitely fixed.” 12 Stat. 492, § 3.
The record showed that on July 25, 1866, Miller made a homestead entry on the land that was in every respect valid, if the land was then public land subject to such entry. The line of definite location of the railroad was first filed with the Commissioner of the General Land Office at Washington on September 21, 1866. The Supreme Court held that this entry of Miller’s brought the land within the language of the exception in the grant as land to which a homestead claim had attached at the time the line of the road was definitely fixed.
Miller entered upon the land within the time presented by law, erected a house upon it, and brought his family to live there, and made the tract his home until the spring of 1870. He afterward abandoned his homestead claim and bought the land of the railroad company, and paid for it. lie then sold the land and transferred the certificate of sale to Dunmeyer, who obtained the conveyance from the company. After all this, Miller’s homestead entry was canceled, no doubt with Dunmever’s consent, and G. B. Dunmeyer made a homestead entry which the land department held to be valid.
Miller’s homestead entry was made after the passage of the statutes granting the land to the railroad as an aid in construction, hut, as we have seen, before the line of the road was definitely fixed.
It was argued by the railroad that, although Miller’s homestead entry had attached to the land, within the meaning of the excepting clause of the grant, before the line of definite location was filed by it, yet when Miller abandoned Ms claim, so that it no longer existed, the exception no longer operated, and the land reverted to the company — that the grant by its inherent force reasserted itself and extended to or covered the land as though it had never been within the exception.
Of this contention, Mr. Justice Miller said:
“No attempt has ever been made to include lands reserved to the United States, which reservation afterwards ceased to exist, within the grant, though this road, and others with grants in similar language, have more than once passed through military reservations for forts and other purposes, which have been given up or abandoned as such reservations, and were of great value. Nor is it understood that, in any ease where lands had been otherwise disposed of, their reversion to the government brought them within the grant.
“Why should a different construction apply to lands to which a homestead or preemption right had attached? Did congress intend to say that the right of the company also attaches, and whichever proved to be the better right obtained the land?
“The company had no absolute right until the road was built, or that part of it which came through the land in question. The homestead man had five years of residence and cultivation to perform before his right became absolute. The pro-emptor had similar duties to perform in regard to cultivation, residence, etc., for a shorter period, and then payment of the price of the land. It is not conceivable that congress intended to place these parties as contestants for the land, with the right in each to require proof from the other of complete performance of its obligation. Least of all is it to be supposed that it was intended to raise up, in antagonism to all the actual settlers on the soil, whom it had invited to its occupation, this, great corporation, with an interest to defeat their claims, and to come between them and the government as to the performance of their obligations.
“The reasonable purpose of tbe government undoubtedly is that which it expressed, namely, while we are giving literally to the railroad company, we do not give any lands we have already sold, or to' which, according to our laws, we have permitted a pre-emption or homestead right to attach. No right to such land passes by this grant. No interest in the railroad company attaches to this land or is to be founded on this statute. Such is the clear and necessary meaning of the words that there is granted every alternate section of odd numbers to which these rights have not attached. It necessarily means that, if such rights have attached, they are not granted. * * #
“Tn the case before us a claim was made and filed in the land-office, and there recognized, before the line of the company’s road was located. That claim was an existing one of public record in favor of Miller when the map of plaintiff in error was filed. In the language of the act of congress this homestead claim had attached to the land, and it therefore did not pass by the grant.
“Of all the words in the English language, this word ‘attached’ was probably the best that could have been used. It did not mean mere settlement, residence, or cultivation of the land, but it meant a proceeding in the proper land-office, by which the inchoate right to the land was initiated. It meant that by such a proceeding a right of homestead had fastened to that land, which could ripen into a perfect title by future residence and cultivation. With the performance of these conditions the company had nothing to do. The right of the homestead having attached to the land, it was excepted out of the grant as much as if, in a deed, it had been excluded from the conveyance by metes and hounds.”
The Dunmeyer decision has been quoted or cited with approval by the Supreme Court too often to leave any doubt in our mind that it is still the law of the land. In Has lings & Dakota Railroad Co. v. Whitney, 132 U. S. 357, 361, 366, 10 S. Ct. 112, 114, 33 L. Ed. 363; the court said:
“In the light of these decisions, the almost uniform practice of the department has been to regard land, upon which an entry of record valid upon its face has been made, as appropriated and withdrawn from subsequent homestead entry, pre-emption settlement, sale, or grant until the original entry be canceled or declared forfeited; in which- case the land reverts to the government as a part of the public domain, and becomes again subject to entry under the land laws. The correctness of this holding has been sustained by this court in the ease of Kansas Pacific Railway v. Dunmeyer. *' * *
“Por the foregoing reasons we concur with the court below that Turner’s homestead entry excepted the land from the operation of the railroad grant; and that upon the cancellation of that entry the tract in question did not inure to the benefit of the company, but reverted to the government, and became a part of the public domain, subject to appropriation by the first legal applicant. * * * ” (Italics our own.).
In Shiver v. United States, 159 U. S. 491, 494,16 S. Ct. 54, 55, 40 L. Ed. 231, the court thus concisely summarized the doctrine of thé Dunmeyer Case, which we are following here: “Indeed, this court has settled by repeated decisions that the claim of a homestead or preemption entry, made at any time before filing a, map of definite location of a railway, prevents the lands covered by such claim from passing to such railway under its land grant, even though such entry be subsequently abandoned.” (Italics our own.)
The soundness of the decision in the Dunmeyer Case ha's never been questioned, though in a few instances cases have been distinguished on the facts. The correctness of the doctrine has been repeatedly recognized.
In Union Pacific R. Co. v. Harris, 215 U. S. 386, 388, 389, 30 S. Ct. 138, 139, 54 L. Ed. 246, the Supreme Court said: “The grant of the right of way was ‘through the public lands.’ What is meant by ‘public lands’ is well settled. As stated in Newhall v. Sanger, 92 U. S. 761, 763, 23 L. Ed. 760, 770: ‘The words “public lands” are habitually used in our legislation to describe such as are subject to sale or other disposal under general laws.’ See also Barker v. Harvey, 181 U. S. 481-490, 21 S. Ct. 690, 45 L. Ed. 903-968; Minnesota v. Hitchcock, 185 U. S. 373-391, 22 S. Ct. 650, 46 L. Ed. 954-964. If it is claimed in any given ease that they are used in a different meaning, it should be apparent either from the context or from the circumstances attending the legislation. WTiile the power of Congress over lands which an individual is seeking to acquire under either the pre-emption or the homestead law remains until the payment of the full purchase price required by the former law or the full occupation prescribed by the latter, yet, under the general land laws of the United States, one who, having made an entry, is in actual occupation under the pre-emption or homestead law, cannot be dispossessed of his priority at the instance of any individual. Hastings, etc., Railroad Co. v. Whitney, 132 U. S. 357, 363, 364, 10 S. Ct. 112, 33 L. Ed. 363, 366, 367. In other words, one who has taken land under the pre-emption or homestead law acquires au equity of which he cannot be deprived by any individual under the like laws. Now, at the time of the passage of the act of July 3, 1866, Blou was and had been, for several months, in actual occupation under the homestead law. Did Congress intend by its legislation to deprive him of that equity which he had under the general land laws as against anyone proceeding under those laws?”
Later on in the opinion there is a quotation from Washington & Idaho Railroad Company v. Osborn, 160 U. S. 103, 16 S. Ct. 219, 40 L. Ed. 356 (on. page 391 [of 215 U. S., 30 S. Ct. 138, 140] of the Harris opinion) as follows: “ ‘On the other hand, it would not be easy to suppose that Congress would, in authorizing railroad companies to traverso the public lands, intend thereby to give them a right to ran the lines of their roads at pleasure, regardless of the rights of settlers.’ ”
The Harris Case, though involving somewhat different facts, is in point in the instant controversy to the extent that there, as here, the homesteader changed his entry from one form to the other. His procedure, however, was the converse of the one followed by the appellee. Blou, the entryman in tho Harris Case, changed his pre-emption entry to one under the homestead act. In both the instant case and the Harris Case, the alleged abandonment was, at best, a legal fiction, because in each case the entryman actually received a patent under his new entry. There was not the actual abandonment that was present in some of the later eases, where, nevertheless, the principle we are here sustaining was recognized.
The appellant seeks to minimize the authority of the former, asserting that it has been “explained away?’ in subsequent decisions. We cannot concur in this view. The authority of the liarais Case, in so far as it expounds the law of tho entryman’s rights to public land, has not been assailed. The Harías Case more than once has been cited with approval by the Supreme Court of the United States. See, Missouri, etc., Railway Co. v. United States, 235 U. S. 37, 40, 35 S.Ct. 6, 59 L. Ed. 116, and Ash Sheep Co. v. United States, 252 U. S. 159, 166, 40 S. Ct. 241, 64 L. Ed. 507.
The appellant relies heavily upon the ease of tho Great Northern R. Co. v. Steinke, supra. But it should he borne in mind that in the Steinke Case the court was construing the Act of March 3, 3875 (43 USCA §§ 934-939), which contained no such exception in favor of prior homestead rights as is found in the act of 1866, discussed above. On page 124 (of 261 U. S., 43 S. Ct. 316, 318) of the Steinke decision the Supreme Court recognizes the distinctive wording of the ax?t of 1875, in the following language: “Its purpose was to enhance tho value and hasten the settlement of the public lands by inviting and encouraging the construction and operation of needed and convenient lines of railroad through them. Nothing was granted for private use or disposal, nor beyond what Congress deemed reasonably essential, presently or prospectively, for the quasi public uses indicated. Because of this, the act has been regarded as, requiring a more liberal construction than is accorded to private grants or to the extensive land grants formerly made to some of the railroads.”
And, even more specifically, the court distinguished the Steinke Case from the Dunmeyer Case, at page 127 (of 261 U. S., 43 S. Ct. 316, 319) of the Steinke opinion: “Unlike the land grants considered in cases like Kansas Pacific Ry. Co. v. Dunmeyer, * * * and Hastings & Dakota R. R. Co. v. Whitney, * * * the act of 1875 contains no provision whereby lands covered by homestead or similar claims when the grant attaches are excluded from it. On the contrary, a survey of all that the act does contain shows that the grant is intended to include lands of that class, but with the qualification, plainly implied in the third section, that due compensation must he made to the claimants for their inchoate or possessory rights to make the grant operative against them.”
Accordingly, we believe that the court below was correct in holding that the appellee is the owner in fee simple of the tract in question, and that the appellant has no right or title thereto. The judgment is therefore affirmed.
Judgment affirmed.
WILBUR, Circuit Judge
(concurring).
I concur in the judgment of affirmance. I am not prepared to concur in the conclusion that lands in the right of way grant made by section 2 of the Act of 3866 quoted in the main opinion are reserved from the grant, as is the case of lands granted by section 3 of the act where such lands have been properly entered as a homestead. There seems to bo no direct decision upon that question, and appellant confesses that it has been unable to find one. There are many reasons for holding that the interest of the United States therein was granted in praesenti by the right of way grant. If it is held otherwise, as in tho case of lands granted in aid of the railroad company under section 3, then, as held in tho main opinion, upon tho relinquishment or abandonment of the claim by the entryman, title would revert to the government and the railroad company would have no right under the original grant to build across such lands without additional legislation. In tho meantime other rights might intervene to prevent Congress from granting such right. Under the Act of March 3, 3875 (43 USCA §§ 934-939), it is definitely held by the Supreme Court that the right of the government to the lands covered by the right of way passes to the railroad company subject to a duty on its part to compensate those jwho have obtained equitable interests therein (Great Northern R. Co. v. Steinke, 261 U. S. 119, 43 S. Ct. 316, 67 L. Ed. 564), and that consequently upon abandonment of the entryman’s right, the qualification of the grant in favor of the entryman disappears and the title is perfected in the railroad without qualification. It is true that this conclusion is reached by reason of the fact that the act of 1875, supra, specifically provides for the condemnation of the rights of the entry-man, and this consideration from which it is clear that the right of way covers lands that have been previously entered and occupied. The question in the ease at bar is whether a similar grant of a right of way over “the public domain” (section 2, act of 1866, supra), instead of over the “public lands,” as in the act of 1875, supra, shall receive a narrower construction than the act of 1875-, although the grant in the act of 1866 is unqualified by the requirement of compensation to the entryman. In other words, does the requirement of such compensation in the act of 1875 extend the scope d'f the grant over that of 1866-, whieh contains no such requirement. This anomalous result must be arrived at, if at all, I think, by a consideration of the meaning of the phrase, “public domain,” used by Congress in section 2 of the act of 1866, and not by analogy from decisions relating to the aid land grant contained in section 3 of the act of 1866 which expressly reserves from the operation of the grant lands already homesteaded, or pre-empted, etc. In the latter case, as stated in the main opinion, it is thoroughly established that lands subject to such rights are reserved from the grant and did not pass at the time of the enactment by Congress nor later upon abandomnent by the entryman of his rights. Kansas Pac. R. Co. v. Dunmeyer, 113 U. S. 629, 5 S. Ct. 566, 28 L. Ed. 1122, supra. Now, it is true that the phrase “public lands,” used without modification or qualification, is usually held to include only lands “such as are subject to sale or other disposal under general laws.” Union Pac. R. Co. v. Harris, 215 U. S. 386, 30 S. Ct. 138, 139, 54 L. Ed. 246; Leavenworth, L. & S. R. Co. v. U. S., 92 U. S. 733, 23 L. Ed. 634; Bardon v. Northern Pac. R. Co., 145 U. S. 535, 12 S. Ct. 856, 36 L. Ed. 806. Consequently, it was held by the Supreme Court that the grant to the predecessor of the Union Pacific Railway Company by the Act of July 3,1866 (14 Stat. 79, c. 159), supplementing earlier acts (12 Stat. 489, 494; 13 Stat. 356) of a right of way, did not include a right of way over land whieh was occupied by a pre-emption entry-man at the time the first act of Congress was passed in 1862, where the entry had been changed to a homestead entry before the act became effective July 3, 1866. That conclusion was based upon an act granting a 200-foot right of way to the Leavenworth, Pawnee & Western Ry. Co., under the Union Pacific Railroad Act passed July 1, 1862 (12 Stat. 489, 494), as amended July 2,1864 (13 Stat. 356, c. 216), whieh amendment, among other things, required condemnation of a 200-foot right of way through land occupied by an owner or claimant. The homestead entryman subsequently perfected his title by patent to the 150-foot strip in controversy and conveyed to the railroad company 50 feet for a right of way. This decisión, in result, at least, is similar to the later decision of the Supreme Court in Great Northern R. Co. v. Steinke, supra, both decisions dealing with a grant which contained a requirement that private rights in the public land covered by the right of way be condemned. Where the entryman had perfected his title by patent, and there had been no condemnation of his rights, the title resided in him.
Under the act of 1875, supra, the Supreme Court has held that a “possessory right” upon unsurveyed government lands anticipating a pre-emption thereof as soon as surveyed was such a right as could be secured by the railroad company for its use as a right of way only by condemnation (Washington & I. R. Co. v. Osborn, 160 U. S. 103, 16 S. Ct. 219, 221, 40 L. Ed. 356, citing Buxton v. Traver, 130 U. S. 235, 9 S. Ct. 509, 32 L. Ed. 920), for a definition' of such possessory rights and stating, “It must therefore be conceded that Osborn did not, by maintaining possession for several years, and putting valuable improvements thereon, preclude the government from dealing with the lands as its own, and from conferring them on another party by a subsequent grant,” adding by way of qualification the phrase quoted therefrom in the main opinion, supra. This court, however, as late as 1926, has expressly held that the right of way grant to the Southern Pacific Railroad Company by the Act of March 3, 1871 (16 Stat. 573), was a grant in prsesenti and took precedence over such possessory rights in unsur.veyed land which' had been subsequently conveyed to one who made the necessary declaratory statement and procured a patent from the government. Barnes v. Southern Pac. Co., consolidated with Mulvihill v. Southern Pacific Co. (C. C. A.) 16 F.(2d) 100. If, then, we follow our decision in Bames v. Southern Pacific Co., supra, it is clear that, the grant of tho right of way under the act of 1871, § 2, supra, vests the grant in the railroad company regardless of possessory rights upon unsurveyed land without compensation to the possessor. Does it also vest title to surveyed public lands which have been duly entered as a homestead or pre-emption claim, and, if so, is compensation for such outstanding rights of the entryman a qualification of the grant? If we base our conclusion solely upon the meaning which has been usually attached to the term, “public land,” as used in our federal legislation, it would follow that neither title nor right of way was granted by Congress over land which was subject to a valid homestead entry at the time of the passage of the act, as is held by the majority opinion, but the term “public lands” or “public domain” must bo construed in the light of the purpose of congress in the legislation under consideration. As stated in Union Pacific R. Co. v. Harris, supra, “If it is claimed in any given case that they [the words 'public lands’] are used in a different meaning, it should bo apparent either from the context or from the circumstances attending the legislation.” One of the things to he observed in the context of the act of 1871, adopting the act of 1866-, §§ 2 and 3, supra, is that while section 3 expressly reserves from the operation of the grant all lands subject to claims or rights, pre-emption, homestead, etc., section 2, granting the right of way, does so without any reservation whatever. It is a familiar rule that from a change of language a change of intent is implied. Now, if we read into section 2, by virtue of the use of the term, “public domain,” the same reservations that are expressly made in section 3 of the act, we have to that extent ignored that fundamental rule of statutory construction. It has been pointed out in numerous decisions that the terms of the grant of the right of way and the character of the ownership under section 2 granting the right of way, and section 3, granting the aid lands, are quite distinct. St. Joseph & D. C. Railroad Co. v. Baldwin, 103 U. S. 426, 26 L. Ed. 578; Central Pacific R. Co. v. Dyer, 5 Fed. Cas. 364, No. 2,552; Nielsen v. Northern Pac. R. Co. (C. C. A.) 184 F. 601; City of Reno v. Southern Pac. Co. (C. C. A.) 268 F. 751; H. A. & L. D. Holland Co. v. Northern Pac. R. Co. (C. C. A.) 214 F. 920. Now, the general purpose of this legislation is well known and is stated by the Supreme Court in U. S. v. Union Pacific R. Co., 91 U. S. 72, 80, 23 L. Ed. 224. To this decision I refer without comment other than to state that it is apparent therefrom that the right of a homesteader or pre-cmptor or settler to compensation for a right of way across his land was evidently far from the thoughts of Congress. The railroad was to he built in “a vast unpeopled territory lying between the Missouri ■and Sacramento Rivers which was practically worthless without the facilities afforded by a railroad for the transportation of persons and propeily.” Congress made no provision for condemning the rights of settlers or entry-men. It recognized that the benefit derived from the construction of such a railroad would vastly exceed the damage resulting from the taking of a right of way. The loss was imaginary, the gain manifest. Perhaps it would not be going too far to say with Justice Field, speaking for the Supreme Court in St. Joseph & D. C. Railroad Co. v. Baldwin, 103 U. S. 426, 429, 26 L. Ed. 578:
“But the grant of the right of way by the sixth section contains no reservations or exceptions. It is a present absolute grant, subject to no conditions except those necessarily implied, such as that the road shall be constructed and used for the purposes designed. Nor is there anything in the policy oil the government with respect to the public lands ■which would eall for any qualification of the terms. Those lands would not be the less valuable for settlement by a road running through them. On the contrary, their value would he greatly enhanced thereby. »
“Tlio right of way for the whole distance of the proposed route was a very important part of the aid given. If the company eonld be compelled to purchase its way over any section that might he occupied in advance of its location, very serious obstacles would bo often imposed to tho progress of the road. For any loss of lands by settlement or reservation, other lands are given; but for the loss of the right of way by these means, no compensation is provided, nor could any be given by the substitution of another route.”
It should be noted, however, that Justice Field was dealing with, rights accruing after tho grant of July 23,1866, by section 6 of the act, 14 Stat. 210, granting a right of way to the St. Joseph and Denver City Railroad Co., almost identical in language witlx section 2 of the Act of July 27, 1866, now under consideration, quoted in the main opinion. Nevertheless, his language is apt as applied to rights that had already accrued.
How far did Coxxgxess intend to go in exercising its undoubted power over land owned by the government when it granted tlxe right of way to these transcontinental railroads through the undeveloped and almost wholly unoccupied lands of the government? It may he assumed that in view of the constitutional protection of vested private property rights that Congress did not intend to grant a right to violate this constitutional provision or to assume the duty of making just compensation to private owners. Consequently that property rights that had ripened into an absolute right to the land against the government should not be taken or occupied without compensation. But what of those who had [partly complied with the laws according to which, upon full compliance, the individual would be entitled to the land? I am inclined to think that the reasonable and just conclusion is that as to the right of way the government’s title vested in the railroad company, and that a claimant who had made a homestead entry was entitled to compensation for the loss to him of the taking of the right of way. The exact question has not been determined, but the decisions all seem to assume that a homestead entryman would have rights in the land that could not be subordinated to the use of the railroad without compensation. It is true that Justice Field in Bardon v. N. P. R. Co., 145 U. S. 535, 12 S. Ct. 856, 36 L. Ed. 866, arrives at .the conclusion that the better- rule of construction would not divide the title between two grantees of public land, but would reserve from any subsequent grant all lands that are not free from existing claims, still as to railroad rights of way the converse of the rule is obviously desirable. I therefore concur in the conclusion of the majority that the homestead rights of the appellee’s predecessor were superior to the rights of the railroad company to its right of way until cqmpensated therefor. Having reached this conclusion, I find no difficulty in following .the majority in holding that the change to a ■ preemption claim did not constitute an abandonment of the prior'right. On the contrary, it was a consummation thereof.
I therefore agree that the commutation of the homestead right under section 2361, Rev. St., Act of May 26,1862, c. 75, § 8, 12 Stat. 393, does not operate as an abandonment of the homestead entry, but is a consummation thereof, substituting the payment of the minimum price for the continued residence required under the homestead aet. This clearly results from the decision of the Circuit Court for the Eastern District of Wisconsin in U. S. v. Freyberg et al., 32 F. 195, wherein the government was defeated in an action to recover the value of timber cut by a homestead entry-man over and above the amount allowed to such an entryman. It was held that by commuting his entry under section 2301, Rev. St., and paying therefor and receiving a land office 'receipt for the payment his title so far related back to the original entry as to defeat the claim of the government in its action to recover for timber wrongfully 'cut by the homesteader. The Supreme Court in Bailey v. Sanders, 228 U. S. 603, 33 S. Ct. 602, 57 L. Ed. 985, holds that a purchase of the land by a homesteader under section 2301 is a consummation of the homestead entry, and consequently that the rights of the entryman to make a sale or to agree to make a sale thereof before patent was prohibited.
I therefore concur in the affirmance of the judgment.
See Doolan v. Carr, 125 U. S. 618, 625, 8 S. Ct. 1228, 31 L. Ed. 844; United States v. Missouri, etc. R. Co., 141 U. S. 358, 369, 12 S. Ct. 13, 35 L. Ed. 766; Sioux City, etc., Land Co. v. Griffey, 143 U. S. 32, 40, 12 S. Ct. 362, 36 L. Ed. 64; New Orleans Pacific R. Co. v. Parker, 143 U. S. 42, 57, 12 S. Ct. 364, 36 L. Ed. 66; Bardon v. Northern Pacific R. Co., 145 U. S. 535, 544, 12 S. Ct. 856, 36 L. Ed. 806; U. S. v. Southern Pacific R. Co., 146 U. S. 570, 604, 13 S. Ct. 152, 36 L. Ed. 1091; Monroe Cattle Co. v. Becker, 147 U. S. 47, 57, 13 S. Ct. 217, 37 L. Ed. 72 ; Noble v. Union River Logging R. Co., 147 U. S. 165-174, 13 S. Ct. 271, 37 L. Ed. 123; Whitney v. Taylor, 158 U. S. 85, 89, 92, 93, 15 S. Ct. 796, 39 L. Ed. 906; Weeks v, Bridgman, 159, U. S. 541, 545, 546, 16 S. Ct. 72, 40 L. Ed. 253; Northern Pacific R. Co. v. Colburn, 164 U. S. 383-386, 17 S. Ct. 98, 41 L. Ed. 479; United States v. Winona, etc., R. Co., 165 U. S. 463, 475, 17 S. Ct. 368, 41 L. Ed. 789; Northern Pacific R. Co. v. Sanders, 166 U. S. 620, 630, 631, 17 S. Ct. 671, 41 L. Ed. 1139; Menotti v. Dillon, 167 U. S. 703-715, 17 S. Ct. 945, 42 L. Ed. 333; Northern Pacific R. Co. v. DeLacey, 174 U. S. 622, 635, 19 S. Ct. 791, 43 L. Ed. 1111; Tarpey v. Madsen, 178 U. S. 215, 223, 224, 20 S. Ct. 849, 44 L. Ed. 1042 ; Oregon, etc., R. Co. v. U. S., No. 3, 190 U. S. 186-190, 23 S. Ct. 673, 47 L. Ed. 1012; McMichael v. Murphy, 197 U. S. 304, 311, 25 S. Ct. 460, 49 L. Ed. 766 ; Southern Pacific R. Co. v. U. S. (No. 2), 200 U. S. 354-360, 26 S. Ct. 298, 50 L. Ed. 512; Northern Lumber Co. v. O’Brien, 204 U. S. 190-197, 27 S. Ct. 249, 51 L. Ed. 438; Krueger v. U. S., 246 U. S. 69, 75, 38 S. Ct. 262, 62 L. Ed. 582; Great Northern R. Co. v. Steinke, 261 U. S. 119, 127, 43 S. Ct. 316, 67 L. Ed. 564; Great Northern R. Co. v. Reed, 270 U. S. 539-549, 46 S. Ct. 380, 70 L. Ed. 721
| CASELAW |
Periyapet
Periyapet is a locality of Vaniyambadi in Vellore District, Tamil Nadu. It is located near to the branch of river Palar. There are 4 mosques and 1 temple located here. Azhagu Perumal Temple is one of the famous temple of Vaniyambadi is located here. Villages like Old Vaniyambadi, Nadupettarai etc. are located next to the branch of river Palar. Periyapet is located nearly 1.5 km from Vaniyambadi Bus stand and Vaniyambadi Railway Station
Educational institutions
The following list of schools are present at Periyapet
1. Madarasa -e- faizul aam
2. Madarasatul-banath
3. Municipal Elementary School
Places to see
Masthan Dargah, one of the most old and famous dargah of Vaniyambadi, is located here. Each year, the birth of the saint Masthan Baba is celebrated here. People from all over Tamil Nadu come to see this Dargah.
Transportation
Mini Bus facility is available from here to go to Vaniyambadi and villages like Ramanaickenpettai, Ambalur, Kodayanchi, Dasiriyappanur etc. | WIKI |
Lake Michigamme
Lake Michigamme, one of Michigan's largest lakes, reaches a depth of over 70 ft. It covers 4292 acre in Marquette and Baraga counties, Michigan. Van Riper State Park provides public access. The vast majority of the lake lies in Marquette County, with only its westernmost part extending into Baraga County.
The lake runs about 6 mi east to west, with a southern arm extending about another 4 mi. A dam separates the Michigamme River from the main body of the lake at the end of the southern arm. The Spurr River flows into the lake's west end and the Peshekee River flows into the lake in the northeast. Van Riper State Park and Van Riper beach are located at the eastern shoreline of the main arm. The lake is speckled with many islands and rock beds that often creep over the waterline in late summer and fall.
Common fish include smallmouth bass, northern pike, walleye, rock bass, and even whitefish in the deeper parts.
Michigamme is derived from a Native American language meaning " middle large sea". Michigan is part of the Great Lakes Area, which was colonized by the French, then later sold to the USA. As such, many words & names are French, or French interpretations of Indigenous words & names, which are further mistranslated into English. | WIKI |
Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Qf3
=Napoleon Opening or Queen's Attack=
2. Qf3?!
The Napoleon Attack, or Napoleon Opening, is weaker than it sounds. Not only does it develop the queen too early, but it blocks the King's Knight from developing to f3, its best square.
As with the similar 2. Qh5, White hopes for the scholar's mate: 2.Qf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Bc5?? 4.Qxf7#. In both cases, Black can easily avoid the trap. However, the Parham Attack is more forcing and stronger—first requiring Black to defend his e-pawn (usually with 2...Nc6), then after 3.Bc4 forcing Black to play a sub-optimal move (3...g6 virtually committing Black to a fianchetto rather than a more aggressive placement of the bishop; 3...Qe7 blocking the bishop; or 3...Qf6 taking away the knight's best square). 2.Qf3 places no such impediments on Black's development.
Among serious chess players this opening is very rare, but beginners occasionally play it to troll or surprise the opponent. Black has no problems equalizing this game. | WIKI |
Thomas PODRAZA; Dennis Doucet; Jan Arnett; Douglas Keehn, Plaintiffs-Appellants Patriot Coal Investor Group; Ernesto Espinoza, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated; John Ziants; James Schmitt; Karel Rybacek; Douglas Combs; Furman Jerry Rogers, III, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, Plaintiffs Kevin Lowery, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, Plaintiff-Appellant v. Richard M. WHITING; Mark N. Schroeder, Defendants-Appellees James Karas; Denis Dehne; Cambridge Retirement System; Richard Sitko, Movants.
No. 14-1947.
United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit.
Submitted: Jan. 15, 2015.
Filed: June 22, 2015.
David A.P. Brower, Brower Piven, P.C., New York, N.Y., argued (Richard H. Weiss, Brower Piven, P.C., New York, N.Y., Eric D. Holland, R. Seth Crompton, Holland, Groves, Schneller & Stolze, LLC, St. Louis, MO, on the brief), for appellant.
Kristen R. Seeger, Sidley Austin LLP, Chicago, IL, argued (Hille R. Sheppard, Lawrence P. Fogel, Sidley Austin LLP, Chicago, IL, Glenn E. Davis, HeplerBroom LLC, St. Louis, MO, on the brief), for appellees.
Before WOLLMAN, SMITH, and SHEPHERD, Circuit Judges.
SHEPHERD, Circuit Judge.
This appeal concerns a securities fraud class action brought on behalf of all persons who purchased or acquired Patriot Coal Corporation securities between October 21, 2010, and July 9, 2012 (“Plaintiffs”). The defendants are Richard Whiting and Mark Schroeder, Patriot’s former Chief Executive Officer and former Chief Financial Officer, respectively (“Defendants”).
In September 2010, a federal district judge in West Virginia ordered Patriot to install environmental remediation facilities at two of its mines. Beginning in October 2010 and continuing until May 2012, for accounting purposes, Patriot recorded the facilities’ installation costs as capital expenditures. After corresponding with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) over a period of months about this accounting treatment, however, Patriot restated its financial documents in May 2012 to recognize the installation costs as expenses. The restatement caused Patriot’s asset retirement obligation expense and net loss to increase by $49.7 million for 2010 and $23.6 million for 2011. Patriot’s share priced dropped after the restatement. The company filed for bankruptcy in July 2012.
Plaintiffs subsequently brought this action, alleging Defendants violated sections 10(b), 20(a), and 20(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”), 15 U.S.C. § 78a et seq., as well as SEC Rule 10b-5, 17 C.F.R. § 240.10b-5. Plaintiffs argued Defendants fraudulently capitalized the environmental remediation facilities’ installation costs to avoid the impact expensing the costs would have on Patriot’s bottom line. Defendants moved to dismiss Plaintiffs’ complaint under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6) and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (“PSLRA”), 15 U.S.C. § 78u-4. The district court granted the motion to dismiss, finding Plaintiffs failed to meet the PSLRA’s heightened requirement for pleading scienter. Plaintiffs now appeal the dismissal of their complaint, arguing the district court’s scienter ruling was in error. Because we find the more compelling inference is that Defendants did not act with fraudulent intent, we agree with the district court that the facts alleged do not give rise to the required strong inference of scienter. We affirm.
I.
“Because this appeal arises from the district court’s grant of a motion to dismiss, we draw the relevant facts from the class complaint.” Elam v. Neidorff, 544 F.3d 921, 925 (8th Cir.2008). We also consider “other sources courts ordinarily examine when ruling on Rule 12(b)(6) motions to dismiss, in particular, documents incorporated into the complaint by reference, and matters of which a court may take judicial notice.” Tellabs, Inc. v. Makor Issues & Rights, Ltd., 551 U.S. 308, 322, 127 S.Ct. 2499, 168 L.Ed.2d 179 (2007). Plaintiffs do not dispute that we may consider Patriot’s SEC filings and its SEC correspondence to establish what Patriot wrote in those documents.
Patriot is a coal mining company based in St. Louis, Missouri, with chief operations in the central and eastern United States. In 2008, Patriot acquired the Apogee and Hobet surface mines in West Virginia. At the time of the acquisition, the mines were subject to environmental litigation in the Southern District of West Virginia. The plaintiffs in the environmental suits alleged that the mines discharged selenium, a naturally occurring yet potentially toxic element, into water runoff. The selenium discharge levels allegedly exceeded limits set in applicable state mining permits, and the environmental plaintiffs sued to enforce compliance.
Patriot entered consent decrees with the plaintiffs in the environmental suits in March 2009, agreeing to bring the Apogee and Hobet mines into compliance with specific selenium discharge levels by April 2010. As part of its subsequent effort to reduce selenium discharge levels at the mines, Patriot installed water treatment technology it refers to as Zero Valent Iron (“ZVI”). Patriot recorded all the costs associated with the ZVI technology, which amounted to about $20 million, as expenses.
In September 2010, however, because the ZVI technology proved ineffective in sufficiently lowering the selenium discharge levels, the West Virginia district court ordered Patriot to install a Fluidized Bed Reactor (“FBR”) facility at the Apogee mine and to submit and implement a treatment plan for the Hobet mine. After evaluating several alternative technologies, Patriot proposed to install an Advanced Biological Metals (“ABMet”) facility at the Hobet mine. We follow the parties and the district court in referring to Patriot’s court-ordered obligations to install the FBR and ABMet facilities as the “Remediation Obligations.”
On October 21, 2010, the first day of the class period, Patriot issued a press release announcing that it had been ordered to install the FBR facility and that it would recognize the facility’s installation costs as a $50 million capital expenditure and its operating costs as a $20.7 million expense. After Patriot selected the ABMet facility for the Hobet mine, it disclosed it would recognize that facility’s installation costs, which it estimated at $25 million, as capital expenditures as well. In subsequent public filings with the SEC — including in Form 10-Qs filed in November 2010, May 2011, and August 2011, as well as in its 2010 Form 10-K — Patriot reiterated it would recognize the Remediation Obligations’ installation costs as capital expenditures and issued financial statements to that effect.
In September 2011, the SEC’s Division of Corporate Finance sent Patriot a letter questioning this accounting treatment. The letter opened an eight-month dialogue between Patriot and the SEC. During that time, the SEC sent six letters to Patriot, all addressed to Whiting. Patriot responded with six letters of its own: four signed by Schroeder and two signed by Patriot Vice President Christopher Knibb. In its letters, Patriot provided detailed explanations of its accounting treatment. It stated it believed its accounting complied with “authoritative” accounting guidance, and in particular with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 410-30. According to Patriot, ASC 410-30 allows companies to capitalize expenses for “tangible assets acquired to clean a particular spill ... to the extent that those tangible assets have future uses.” J.A. 178. Patriot maintained it properly capitalized the Remediation Obligations’ installation costs because it expected the Remediation Obligations to address “current and future selenium discharge limit exceedances.” J.A. 178.
Patriot also told the SEC that ASC 410-30 supported its decision to capitalize the Remediation Obligations’ installation costs but not the ZVI technology’s costs. Patriot stated the FBR facility would “fill an area approximately 670 feet in length and approximately 190 feet wide.” J.A. 201. Given its size, the FBR facility would be “located farther down the valley where wider construction areas are available.” J.A. 199. This placement “centrally located [the FBR facility] near active and potential, future operations.” J.A. 199. By contrast, “ZVI water treatment tanks are more commonly located in areas adjoining the affected outfalls because they require a significantly smaller amount of evenly graded land.” J.A. 199. Further, the FBR facility would contain “large steel tanks and other infrastructure that is designed to have a long lifespan.” J.A. 201. “Comparatively, the ZVI tanks are plastic tanks.... The tanks were not constructed to withstand significant water flow over multiple years.” J.A. 201.
In February 2012, while its dialogue with the SEC was ongoing, Patriot filed its 2011 Form 10-K and again disclosed it was capitalizing the Remediation Obligations’ installation costs. It also disclosed it had received comments from the SEC regarding this accounting treatment and that the comments were unresolved. Ernst & Young LLP, Patriot’s independent auditor, issued an audit opinion accompanying the 2011 Form 10-K. The audit opinion, which included an assessment of “the accounting principles used,” concluded that Patriot’s 2011 year-end financial statements “present fairly, in all material respects, [Patriot’s] consolidated financial position” “in conformity with TJ.S. generally accepted accounting principles.” J.A. 308. It also “expressed an unqualified opinion” of Patriot’s “internal control over financial reporting.” J.A. 308.
Nevertheless, the SEC continued questioning Patriot’s accounting treatment. And in a letter to the SEC dated May 8, 2012, Patriot agreed to restate'its financial documents. Thus on May 8, 2012, Patriot filed a Form 8-K disclosing it would restate its 2010 and 2011 consolidated financial statements to recognize the Remediation Obligations’ installation costs as expenses. Patriot explained the change was necessary because the “primary use [of the Remediation Obligations] will be to treat selenium exceedances in water discharges resulting from past mining under legacy permit standards.” J.A. 314. The restatement caused Patriot’s asset retirement obligation (“ARO”) expense and' net loss to increase by $49.7 million for 2010 and $23.6 million for 2011. Patriot’s share price dropped the following day.
The May 8, 2012 Form 8-K also contained a revenue forecast for 2013. On May 15, 2012, however, Patriot filed another Form 8-K revising the forecast downward “[biased on recent developments involving the potential default by a key customer.” R. Doc. 51, at ¶ 57. Patriot’s share price dropped on May 15, 2012. Then on May 22, 2012, Patriot issued a third Form 8-K, this time publishing a letter from Whiting to Patriot employees acknowledging Patriot’s struggle to secure capital but noting Patriot was working to restructure its debt. Patriot’s share price dropped on May 22, 2012. On July 9, 2012, Patriot issued a press release announcing it “and substantially all of its wholly owned subsidiaries [had] filed voluntary petitions for reorganization under Chapter 11 ... to undertake a comprehensive financial restructuring.” R. Doc. 51, at ¶ 61. The press release stated Patriot had been hampered by “reductions in U.S. thermal coal demand,” “challenging environmental regulations affecting the cost of producing and using coal,” and “weaker international and domestic economies.” R. Doc. 51, at 1161. The press release also acknowledged that Patriot’s “liquidity and financial flexibility” had been constrained by, among other things, “rising’ expenditures for environmental and other liabilities.” R. Doc. 51, at ¶ 61.
Three séparate securities fraud class actions were filed against Defendants later in 2012. Following procedures set forth in the PSLRA, the district court consolidated the cases and selected lead plaintiffs, who subsequently filed a consolidated class action complaint against Defendants on behalf of themselves and all persons who purchased or acquired Patriot securities between October 21, 2010, and July 9, 2012. Plaintiffs claimed a number of Defendants’ statements about or involving the Remediation Obligations were false and misleading because they treated the installation costs as capital expenditures. Plaintiffs alleged Defendants violated section 10(b) of the Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder, as well as Exchange Act sections 20(a) and 20(b), which impose liability on control persons. Defendants moved to dismiss the complaint. The district court granted the motion to dismiss based on Plaintiffs’ failure, to plead scienter as necessary to sustain their section 10(b) and Rule 10b-5 claims. The district court reasoned “the stronger inference is that [Defendants] believed they were accounting appropriately for the [Remediation] Obligations.... [T]he allegations here are largely premised upon hindsight and conduct that rises to the level of corporate mismanagement, but not severe recklessnessR. Doc. 61, at 27. It concluded, “when viewed in light of [Defendants’] explanations for their accounting decisions, the full and accurate disclosure of the values underlying their financial statements, the facts regarding the content of the May 8 restatement, the prompt correction of the May 8 revenue forecast, as well as the fact that [Defendants] themselves did' not benefit financially from stock sales or in some other unusual way, [Plaintiffs’] allegations simply do not support a strong inference of scienter.” R. Doc. 61, at 28. The district court dismissed Plaintiffs’ section 20(a) and 20(b) claims because they are predicated on a section 10(b) claim. Plaintiffs now appeal.
II. A.
“We review the district court’s dismissal of a securities fraud complaint under the PSLRA de novo.... ” In re Ceridian Corp. Sec. Litig., 542 F.3d 240, 244 (8th Cir.2008). “Although we construe the complaint liberally and accept the facts pleaded as true, we reject unwarranted inferences and conclusory or catch-all assertions of law.” Elam, 544 F.3d at 926.
Section 10(b) makes it unlawful “[t]o use or employ, in connection with the purchase or sale of any security ... any manipulative or deceptive device or contrivance in contravention of such rules and regulations as the [SEC] may prescribe.” 15 U.S.C. § 78j(b). Rule 10b-5, in turn, forbids:
any person, directly or indirectly, ... (a) To employ any device, scheme, or artifice to defraud, (b) To make any untrue statement of a material fact or to omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements made, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, or (c) To engage in any act, practice, or course of business which operates or would operate as a fraud or deceit upon any person, in connection with the purchase or sale of any security.
17 C.F.R. § 240.10b-5.
Responding to “perceived abuses of the § 10(b) private action — ‘nuisance filings, targeting of deep-pocket defendants, vexatious discovery requests and manipulation by class action lawyers,’ ” Congress imposed heightened pleading requirements on section 10(b) plaintiffs through enactment of the PSLRA. Tellabs, 551 U.S. at 320, 127 S.Ct. 2499 (quoting Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Inc. v. Dabit, 547 U.S. 71, 81, 126 S.Ct. 1503, 164 L.Ed.2d 179 (2006)). The PSLRA requires a complaint to “state with particularity facts giving rise to a strong inference that the defendant acted with [scienter].” 15 U.S.C. § 78u-4(b)(2)(A); see Tellabs, 551 U.S. at 313, 127 S.Ct. 2499 (“The PSLRA requires plaintiffs to state with particularity ... the facts evidencing scienter, i.e., the defendant’s intention to ‘deceive, manipulate, or defraud.’ ” (quoting Ernst & Ernst v. Hochfelder, 425 U.S. 185, 193 & n. 12, 96 S.Ct. 1375, 47 L.Ed.2d 668 (1976))).
“Scienter requires a showing of ‘reckless or intentional wrongdoing’.... ” Elam, 544 F.3d at 928 (quoting Cornelia I. Crowell GST Trust v. Possis Med., Inc., 519 F.3d 778, 782 (8th Cir.2008)). It “ ‘can be established in three ways: (1) from facts demonstrating a mental state embracing an intent to deceive, manipulate or defraud; (2) from conduct which rises to the level of severe recklessness; or (3) from allegations of motive and opportunity.’ ” Id. (quoting Cornelia I Crowell GST Trust, 519 F.3d at 782).
We follow three prescriptions when determining whether a complaint sufficiently states facts giving rise to a strong inference of scienter. First, we “accept all factual allegations in the complaint as true.” Tellabs, 551 U.S. at 322, 127 S.Ct. 2499. Second, we “consider the complaint in its entirety, as well as other sources courts ordinarily examine when ruling on Rule 12(b)(6) motions to dismiss, in particular, documents incorporated into the complaint by reference, and matters of which a court may take judicial notice.” Id. As noted above, Plaintiffs agree we may consider Patriot’s SEC filings and its SEC correspondence. Third, “in determining whether the pleaded facts give rise to a ‘strong’ inference of scienter, [we] must take into account plausible opposing inferences.” Id. at 323, 127 S.Ct. 2499. This means we compare “plausible, non-culpable explanations for the defendant’s conduct” with “inferences favoring the plaintiff.” Id. at 324, 127 S.Ct. 2499. An inference of scienter is strong — and thus a complaint will survive a motion to dismiss — “only if a reasonable person would deem the inference of scienter cogent and at least as compelling as any opposing inference one could draw from the facts alleged.” Id.
B.
Plaintiffs argue they have shown a strong inference of scienter because: (1) Defendants violated Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”); Defendants expensed all the ZVI technology’s costs but then capitalized the Remediation Obligations’ installation costs; (3) the SEC notified Defendants of their GAAP violations; (4) Defendants testified during the West Virginia environmental litigation about expensing costs; (5) Defendants possessed a strong motive to commit fraud; and (6) Defendants’ statements after the May 8, 2012 restatement deceptively minimized the impact of the restatement. We disagree.
GAAP Violations. Plaintiffs maintain GAAP generally requires companies to expense environmental remediation costs incurred as a result of past mining operations and allows companies to capitalize such costs only to the extent they relate to ongoing operations or future exceedances. Thus Plaintiffs allege Defendants violated GAAP by capitalizing the Remediation Obligations’ installation costs because, as Patriot’s May 8, 2012 Form 8-K noted, the Remediation Obligations primarily “treat[ed] selenium exceedances in water discharges resulting from past mining under legacy permit standards.” J.A. 314. Plaintiffs argue these GAAP violations support a strong inference of scienter. In particular, they suggest the magnitude of the GAAP violations — that is, the size of Patriot’s restatement — demonstrates scienter.
“Section 10(b) and Rule 10b-5 prohibit fraud, not accounting malpractice.” Ceridian, 542 F.3d at 246. Thus “[allegations of GAAP violations are insufficient to state a securities fraud claim unless coupled with evidence of corresponding fraudulent intent.” Kushner v. Beverly Enters., Inc., 317 F.3d 820, 831 (8th Cir.2003); see also Ceridian, 542 F.3d at 246 (“Because GAAP is an ‘elaborate hierarch/ of sources that accountants consult, rather than a ‘canonical set of rules,’ pleading an amalgam of unrelated GAAP violations, without more, does not give rise to a strong inference of scienter.” (citation omitted) (quoting In re K-tel Int’l, Inc. Sec. Litig., 300 F.3d 881, 890 (8th Cir.2002))). The fact that GAAP violations are allegedly significant does not change this rule and is insufficient by itself to give rise to a strong inference of scienter. See Fidel v. Farley, 392 F.3d 220, 231 (6th Cir.2004) (“Allowing an inference of scienter based on the magnitude of fraud ‘would eviscerate the principle that accounting errors alone cannot justify a finding of scien-ter.’ It would also allow the court to engage in speculation and hindsight, both of which are counter to the PSLRA’s mandates.” (citation omitted) (quoting In re SCB Computer Tech., Inc. Sec. Litig., 149 F.Supp.2d 334, 359 (W.D.Tenn.2001))) overruled on other grounds by Tellabs, 551 U.S. 308, 127 S.Ct. 2499 (2007).
Here, Plaintiffs fail to support their alleged GAAP violations with allegations of specific facts showing Defendants knew they should have expensed the costs for the Remediation Obligations or were reckless in doing so: We cannot infer scienter from the fact that Patriot initially told the SEC it expected the Remediation Obligations to address current and future selenium discharges and then later acknowledged the Remediation Obligations would address discharges from past mining operations. “[A] showing in hindsight that the statements were false does not demonstrate fraudulent intent.” Kushner, 317 F.3d at 827; see also Elam, 544 F.3d at 927 (“[PSLRA] cannot be satisfied with allegations that defendants made statements ‘and then showing in hindsight that the statement is false....’” (quoting In re Navarre Corp. Sec. Litig., 299 F.3d 735, 743 (8th Cir.2002))). Plaintiffs suggest Defendants violated Patriot’s internal accounting policy, yet they fail to allege any particularized facts about Patriot’s internal accounting policy. They allege that Patriot stated in its 2011 Form 10-K that it had recorded some costs associated with its environmental remediation efforts as expenses. See Elam, 544 F.3d at 927 (“[T]he PSLRA’s falsity pleading requirement requires particularity.”). However, Defendants’ capitalizing the Remediation Obligations’ installation costs while stating they had expensed other costs does not show fraud.
The inference of scienter is contradicted by the fact that Ernst & Young, Patriot’s independent auditor, stated Patriot’s financial documents complied with GAAP. It is also contradicted by the fact that Patriot, when pressed by the SEC to defend its accounting treatment, offered a thorough — if ultimately incorrect — explanation of its decision. It is further contradicted by the fact that Patriot disclosed that it was corresponding with the SEC about its accounting treatment. Moreover, we agree with the district court that “[t]he facts were known to the market at all times, and [Plaintiffs’] inference of intent or recklessness does not account for why [Defendants] would set out to commit fraud while repeatedly and accurately explaining exactly how the company was treating the costs, including the exact amount of costs expected to be incurred.” R. Doc. 61, at 18. Thus Defendants’ GAAP violations do not support a strong inference of scienter.
Treating Costs for the ZVI Technology As ■Expenses. Plaintiffs argue we can draw a strong inference of scienter from the fact that Defendants treated the costs associated with the ZVI technology as expenses. Plaintiffs contend this shows Defendants understood GAAP required them to treat the Remediation Obligations’ costs as expenses.
The problem with Plaintiffs’ argument is they have failed to allege particularized facts showing Defendants knew the Remediation Obligations should have been treated the same as the ZVI technology. They allege simply that “Defendants knew that [Patriot] should have recorded costs associated with the Remediation Obligations as liabilities and corresponding expenses.” R. Doc. 51, at ¶ 140. But “‘[m]ere allegations of fraud are insufficient.’ ” Kushner, 317 F.3d at 827 (quoting Navarre, 299 F.3d at 742). The one case Plaintiffs rely on actually demonstrates their argument’s weakness, which is that it “would require [us] to assume that the two sets of costs were of an identical nature, or at least, that the capitalized costs were of such a nature that Defendants’ failure to recognize them as [expenses] amounted to recklessness.” In re Bio-Tech. Gen. Corp. Sec. Litig., 380 F.Supp.2d 574, 589 (D.N.J.2005). Yet Plaintiffs pled no facts that would justify such an assumption. To the contrary, Plaintiffs alleged that Patriot installed the Remediation Obligations only after the ZVI technology proved ineffective, suggesting the two were not, in fact, the same. Thus Defendants’ expensing the ZVI technology’s costs does not support a strong inference of scienter.
SEC Correspondence. Plaintiffs argue the SEC notified Defendants of their GAAP violations and thus that Defendants’ capitalization of the Remediation Obligations was knowingly false. However, the opposing inference of nonfraudulent intent is stronger for several reasons. The first is timing. Patriot initially disclosed it would capitalize the Remediation Obligations in an October 2010 press release. Yet Patriot’s correspondence with the SEC did not begin until almost a year later, in September 2011. Even if the SEC had notified Defendants of their faulty accounting, Defendants would have been unaware of their mistake when they first capitalized the Remediation Obligations and thus could not have made knowingly false statements before September 2011.
More important, though, is that Plaintiffs have not demonstrated the SEC correspondence did notify Defendants their accounting was incorrect. The SEC’s first letter asked Patriot to explain its accounting treatment, which Patriot did. The SEC’s November 2011 letter asked for “clarification].” Its January 2012 letter requested information “to better' understand” Patriot’s view. It was not until April 2012 that the SEC suggested Patriot should restate. And a month later that is what Patriot did. Throughout the eight-month dialogue, we note, Schroeder (along with Knibb, who was never named as a defendant in this suit) responded to the SEC’s questions and defended Patriot’s position as consistent with GAAP. Moreover, as the district court observed, “[t]here was never a formal inquiry or enforcement action by the SEC, nor any finding of misconduct or fraud.” R. Doc. 61, at 15. Plaintiffs’ allegations about the SEC correspondence do not support a strong inference of scienter. See Ceridian, 542 F.3d at 248-49 (reasoning that where SEC conducted an investigation but “no hearing or adverse findings ensued,” the more compelling inference was that “SEC investigation uncovered no evidence of fraud”).
Testimony from West Virginia Litigation. Plaintiffs allege that in August 2010 — during proceedings that resulted in the West Virginia district court’s order to install the Remediation Obligations — Schroeder testified he knew that Patriot assumed the Apogee and Hobet selenium discharge liabilities when it acquired the mines, that Patriot would record the liabilities on its balance sheet, and that some of the liabilities related to past mining operations. Plaintiffs argue this testimony shows Defendants “certainly understood that at least part of the Remediation Obligations were acquired liabilities that did not qualify as an asset and therefore should properly be ex-pensed.” Appellant Br. 45. However, Schroeder’s testimony related solely to the remediation efforts Patriot took before the West Virginia district court ordered it to install the Remediation Obligations. The testimony does not support a strong inference of scienter regarding Defendants’ later accounting for the Remediation Obligations.
Motive. Plaintiffs argue Defendants’ desire to keep Patriot solvent and to maintain their compensation motivated them to commit fraud. “[M]otive can be a relevant consideration, and personal financial gain may weigh heavily in favor of a scienter inference.” Tellabs, 551 U.S. at 825, 127 S.Ct. 2499. However, “ ‘[g]reed is a ubiquitous motive, and corporate insiders and upper management always have the opportunity to lie and manipulate.’ ” Fla. State Bd. of Admin. v. Green Tree Fin. Corp., 270 F.3d 645, 655 (8th Cir.2001) (quoting Bryant v. Avado Brands, Inc., 187 F.3d 1271, 1286 (11th Cir.1999)). Thus a desire “universally held among corporations and their executives ... does not contribute significantly to an inference of scienter.” Id. at 664; see also K-tel, 300 F.3d at 895 (“[G]eneral allegations of a desire to increase stock prices, increase officer compensation or maintain continued employment are too generalized and are insufficient.”). Only allegations of an “unusual or heightened” motive may give rise to a strong inference of scienter. Green Tree, 270 F.3d at 660; see also Horizon Asset Mgmt. Inc. v. H & R Block, Inc., 580 F.3d 755, 766 (8th Cir.2009) (“A complaint must show ‘that the' benefit to an individual defendant is unusual,’ for example, that the benefit is of an ‘overwhelming magnitude’ and received under ‘suspicious circumstances.’ ” (quoting In re Cerner Corp. Sec. Litig., 425 F.3d 1079, 1085 (8th Cir.2005))).
Here, while it is true Patriot filed for bankruptcy several months after issuing its financial restatement, Plaintiffs fail to allege specific facts showing that Defendants’ “careers and the very survival of [Patriot] were at stake.” Appellant Br. 49. Patriot stated that several factors influenced its decision to file for bankruptcy, including reduced demand for coal, the cost of regulatory compliance, and weak international and domestic economies. It acknowledged that rising environmental expenditures constrained its liquidity and financial flexibility immediately before the bankruptcy filing, but never that the Remediation Obligations — which it had begun capitalizing nearly two years before the bankruptcy filing — posed a “catastrophic threat,” as Plaintiffs claim. Indeed, Plaintiffs’ argument is contradicted by Patriot’s disclosing how much the Remediation Obligations would cost and how it- would account for those costs, as well as by Patriot’s disclosure that it was corresponding with the SEC about its accounting treatment. Thüs Defendants’ alleged desire to maintain Patriot’s survival in order to receive compensation does not present an unusual or heightened motive and does not support a strong inference of scienter. See Elam, 544 F.3d at 927 (“[T]he PSLRA’s falsity pleading requirement requires particularity.”)
May 2012 Statements. Finally, Plaintiffs’ argue Defendants made knowingly deceptive statements in the three Form 8-Ks Patriot filed in May 2012. First, Plaintiffs point to the statement in the May 8, 2012 Form 8-K indicating the restatement “has no impact on [Patriot’s] revenue or Adjusted EBITDA for any ... period” of restatement. R. Doc. 51, at ¶ 54. Plaintiffs do not dispute this statement was literally true, but they argue it was deceptive because it conveyed the impression that the restatement was of minimal significance. However, Patriot prefaced this statement with a sentence explaining that the “restatement is increasing Patriot’s asset retirement obligation expense and net loss by $23.6 million and $49.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.” J.A. 314. We agree with the district court that we “cannot infer scienter from an admittedly accurate statement that was fronted with the concession that the company had just recorded massive net losses.” Memorandum, R. Doc. 61, at 20.
Second, Plaintiffs argue we can infer that the sales forecast announced in the May 8, 2012 Form 8-K was knowingly deceptive because Patriot revised the sales forecast a week later. While “the close proximity between” an allegedly fraudulent statement and a later inconsistent statement is “relevant to scienter,” “ ‘[wjithout more, inferring scienter from [ ] temporal proximity ... is nothing more than speculation.’ ” Elam, 544 F.3d at 930 (second and third alterations in original) (quoting Fidel, 392 F.3d at 232). Thus the temporal proximity between the May 8 forecast and its May 15 revision does not support “a strong inference of scienter because [Plaintiffs’ ‘allegations rest on nothing more than hindsight.’” Id. (quoting Fidel, 392 F.3d at 232).
Third, Plaintiffs argue Whiting’s letter to Patriot employees, included in the May 22, 2012 Form 8-K, “was falsely positive” because while “Whiting hinted at doubts about (Patriot’s] prospects, he did not disclose the full seriousness of the situation or the looming threat of bankruptcy.” Appellant Br. 54. Plaintiffs pled no facts, however, showing Defendants knew on May 22, 2012, that bankruptcy was in fact looming. Instead, they ask us to speculate that Defendants must have known Patriot was at risk of bankruptcy because Patriot had just issued a restatement. In the absence of specific facts showing Defendants knew of Patriot’s impending bankruptcy, however, the stronger inference is one of non-fraudulent intent.
In sum, accepting all factual allegations in Plaintiffs’ complaint as true and considering the complaint in its entirety, we find the pleaded facts do not give rise to a strong inference of scienter. We agree with the district court that “the allegations here are largely premised upon hindsight and conduct that rises to the level of corporate mismanagement, but not severe recklessness.” R. Doc. 61, at 27. Thus the district court correctly dismissed Plaintiffs’ claims under section 10(b) and Rule 10b-5. Because Plaintiffs’ section 20(a) and 20(b) claims are not actionable absent a separate violation of the Exchange Act, the district court correctly dismissed these claims as well. See 15 U.S.C. § 78t(a)-(b).
III.
For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the dismissal of Plaintiffs’ complaint.
. The Honorable Stephen N. Limbaugh, Jr., United States District Judge for the Eastern District of Missouri.
. The complaint states that “[a]n ARO is a liability recorded to acknowledge and measure the present value of the obligation in the future to incur cost to retire a given tangible asset. The obligation typically arises because of a contractual or governmental requirement to remove the asset and restore the property on which the asset sits to a condition comparable to the condition of the property prior to the construction of the asset. The obligation typically includes the cost of environmental mitigation associated with removal of the asset.” R. Doc. 51, at ¶ 9 n. 3.
. Severe recklessness means " ‘highly unreasonable omissions or misrepresentations that ... present a danger of misleading buyers or sellers which is either known to the defendant, or is so obvious that the defendant must have been aware of it.' " Ceridian, 542 F.3d at 244 (alteration in original) (quoting Fla. State Bd. of Admin. v. Green Tree Fin. Corp., 270 F.3d 645, 654 (8th Cir.2001)).
. One of Plaintiffs' arguments on appeal is that the district court erred because it used Patriot's SEC correspondence to establish "the truth of the matters asserted in [the correspondence].” Appellant Br. 15 n. 5. At oral argument. Plaintiffs clarified that they believe we may use the correspondence to establish what Patriot told the SEC and that we may draw inferences based, on the contents of the correspondence, but that we may not take Patriot’s statements as true. Plaintiffs contend this means, for example, that we cannot use Patriot's statement that it believed it complied with ASC 410-30 to establish that Defendants in fact held that belief. Although we doubt the district court, committed any error on this ground, we find it sufficient that we adhere to these principles in our de novo review. Here, for example, we do not use the correspondence to establish as a matter of fact that Defendants believed their explanation. Rather, we draw an inference of non-fraudulent intent where Defendants offered and then stood by a thorough explanation. We do not suggest that defendants may mask their fraud in a jumble of accounting principles and industry-specific jargon. But in this cáse, the more plausible inference based on Defendants’ explanation is one of non-fraudulent intent.
. Plaintiffs argue the district court failed to consider the complaint in its entirety. This argument lacks merit, however, because the district court explicitly discussed Plaintiffs’ “cumulative allegations.” R. Doc. 61, at 27-28; see also Ceridian, 542 F.3d at 246 ("This argument is frequently made but rarely persuasive.”).
| CASELAW |
Page:Wanderings of a Pilgrim Vol 2.djvu/67
In the evening, he sent down a charming little elephant, only five years old, for me to ride; which I amused myself with doing in the beautiful grounds around the house, sitting on the back of the little beauty, and guiding him with cords passed through his ears.
The next evening the Nawāb sent his largest elephant, on which was an amārī,—that is, a howdah, with a canopy,—which, according to native fashion, was richly gilt, the interior lined with velvet, and velvet cushions; the elephant was a fast one, his paces very easy, and I took a long ride in the surrounding country.
The Muhammadans have a fondness for archery, for which the following extract accounts:—"There was an Arabian bow in the hand of the Prophet, and he saw a man with a Persian one, and said, 'Throw away the Persian bow, and adopt the Arabian, and appropriate arrows and spears; because God verily will assist with them in religion, and will make you conquerors of cities.'" "Verily, God brings three persons into Paradise, on account of one arrow; the first, the maker of it, being for war; the second, the shooter of it in the road of God; the third, the giver of the arrow into the hands of the archer."
"His Highness entered Mecca on the day of taking it with his sword ornamented with gold and silver; and he had two coats of mail on the day of the battle of Oh'ud, and wore one over the other; the Prophet had two standards, one large, the other small; the large one was black, and the small one white; verily, the Prophet came into Mecca with a white ensign."
We were speaking to-day of the practice of burying money, so much resorted to by the natives, when a gentleman remarked,—"It is a curious circumstance, that when a native buries treasure, in order to secure it, the only persons who know the secret are a low, debased caste, called Chamārs; these men are faithful to their employer; they will bury lakhskhs] of rupees, and never betray the spot; they dig the ground, and guard it; as long as their employer lives they keep the secret; the moment of his death, they dig up, and are off with the money; they consider they have a right to it in that case, and they would not | WIKI |
Page:O'Higgins--From the life.djvu/28
As he neared her he saw that it was her hat she was nursing. She had taken it off and covered it with a handkerchief to protect it from the rain, and her hair was soaked and glistening in the light of the electric lamp above her. He supposed that she was a woman of the streets.
At his approach she looked up, and he had just time to appreciate that she was young and rather pretty, when she shivered and whined up at him; and, opening her mouth, with her tongue protruding over her lower teeth, she panted at him, ingratiatingly, like a dog.
For a moment Carey thought he had gone crazy. Then, "It's hydrophobia!" he thought. "She's been bitten by a mad dog!"
He looked around for a policeman, frightened.
His future was determined by the fact that there was no policeman in sight and he had time to recollect that it was one of his many grievances against mankind that dogs with minor ailments were always being shot as mad when, as he was convinced, rabies was a disease as rare as leprosy.
He approached her much as he would have approached the dog in the same circumstances. He asked, "What's the matter?"
She did not answer.
He bent down to her, putting his hand on her shoulder. "What is it?"
She shivered under his touch. "Aren't you well?" | WIKI |
Codebase list libpoe-component-sslify-perl / upstream/0.19
[svn-upgrade] Integrating new upstream version, libpoe-component-sslify-perl (0.19) Gregor Herrmann 12 years ago
8 changed file(s) with 59 addition(s) and 13 deletion(s). Raw diff Collapse all Expand all
00 Revision history for Perl extension POE::Component::SSLify.
1
2 * 0.19
3
4 Fixed a warning generated by POE::Component::Client::TCP in t/simple.t, thanks HMBRAND!
15
26 * 0.18
37
88 configure_requires:
99 Module::Build: 0.36
1010 dynamic_config: 0
11 generated_by: 'Module::Build version 0.3603'
11 generated_by: 'Module::Build version 0.3607'
1212 license: perl
1313 meta-spec:
1414 url: http://module-build.sourceforge.net/META-spec-v1.4.html
1717 provides:
1818 POE::Component::SSLify:
1919 file: lib/POE/Component/SSLify.pm
20 version: 0.18
20 version: 0.19
2121 POE::Component::SSLify::ClientHandle:
2222 file: lib/POE/Component/SSLify/ClientHandle.pm
23 version: 0.18
23 version: 0.19
2424 POE::Component::SSLify::ServerHandle:
2525 file: lib/POE/Component/SSLify/ServerHandle.pm
26 version: 0.18
26 version: 0.19
2727 requires:
2828 Net::SSLeay: 1.36
2929 perl: 5.006
3232 homepage: http://search.cpan.org/dist/POE-Component-SSLify
3333 license: http://dev.perl.org/licenses/
3434 repository: http://github.com/apocalypse/perl-poe-sslify
35 version: 0.18
35 version: 0.19
0 # Note: this file was auto-generated by Module::Build::Compat version 0.3603
0 # Note: this file was auto-generated by Module::Build::Compat version 0.3607
11 require 5.006;
22 use ExtUtils::MakeMaker;
33 WriteMakefile
22
33 # Initialize our version
44 use vars qw( $VERSION );
5 $VERSION = '0.18';
5 $VERSION = '0.19';
66
77 # Import the SSL death routines
88 use Net::SSLeay qw( die_now die_if_ssl_error );
22
33 # Initialize our version
44 use vars qw( $VERSION );
5 $VERSION = '0.18';
5 $VERSION = '0.19';
66
77 # Import the SSL death routines
88 use Net::SSLeay qw( die_now die_if_ssl_error );
22
33 # Initialize our version
44 use vars qw( $VERSION );
5 $VERSION = '0.18';
5 $VERSION = '0.19';
66
77 # We need Net::SSLeay or all's a failure!
88 BEGIN {
5757 # Perl 5.005_03 doesn't like blocking(), so we only use it in
5858 # 5.8.0 and beyond.
5959 if ( $] >= 5.008 and $^O eq 'MSWin32' ) {
60 # TODO investigate this?
61 # <kmx> kthakore: Apocalypse: FYI - as regards no-blocking socket dark magic commited to FB while ago - IO::Socket 1.24 (=May/2009) and later supports on Win32 simply $socket->blocking(0);
62 # <Apocalypse> kmx: Ah didn't know that - maybe I can use that :)
63 # <kmx> Apocalypse: I uderstand that used workaround is from pre IO::Socket 1.24 times
64 # <Apocalypse> Ah, my code already did that eh
65 # <Apocalypse> if ( $] >= 5.008 and $^O eq 'MSWin32' ) {
66 # <Apocalypse> But maybe 5.008 check isn't enough?
67 # <kmx> Apocalypse: You'd better check version of IO - see changelog http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/GBARR/IO-1.25/ChangeLog
68 # <Apocalypse> Hmm yeah
69 # <Apocalypse> * Make non-blocking mode work on Windows in IO::Socket::INET
70 # <kmx> Apocalypse: exactly
71 # <Apocalypse> Thanks for the tip! I'll go and add a TODO to the sslify code to investigate that :)
72
73
6074 # From IO::Handle POD
6175 # If an error occurs blocking will return undef and $! will be set.
6276 if ( ! $socket->blocking( 0 ) ) {
11 use strict; use warnings;
22
33 use Test::More;
4 eval "use Test::Apocalypse";
4 eval "use Test::Apocalypse 0.10";
55 if ( $@ ) {
66 plan skip_all => 'Test::Apocalypse required for validating the distribution';
77 } else {
88 # lousy hack for kwalitee
99 require Test::NoWarnings; require Test::Pod; require Test::Pod::Coverage;
10 is_apocalypse_here( {
11 deny => qr/^(?:(?:OutdatedPrereq|Dependencie)s|ModuleUsed|Strict|Fixme|Pod_Spelling)$/,
12 } );
10 is_apocalypse_here();
1311 }
8282 $heap->{client}->put("pong2");
8383 }
8484 },
85 ClientError => sub
86 {
87 # Thanks to H. Merijn Brand for spotting this FAIL in 5.12.0!
88 # The default PoCo::Server::TCP handler will throw a warning, which causes Test::NoWarnings to FAIL :(
89 my ($syscall, $errno, $error) = @_[ ARG0..ARG2 ];
90
91 # TODO are there other "errors" that is harmless?
92 $error = "Normal disconnection" unless $error;
93 my $msg = "Got SERVER $syscall error $errno: $error";
94 unless ( $syscall eq 'read' and $errno == 0 ) {
95 fail( $msg );
96 } else {
97 diag( $msg );
98 }
99 },
85100 );
86101
87102 POE::Component::Client::TCP->new
147162 $kernel->yield('shutdown');
148163 }
149164 },
165 ServerError => sub
166 {
167 # Thanks to H. Merijn Brand for spotting this FAIL in 5.12.0!
168 # The default PoCo::Client::TCP handler will throw a warning, which causes Test::NoWarnings to FAIL :(
169 my ($syscall, $errno, $error) = @_[ ARG0..ARG2 ];
170
171 # TODO are there other "errors" that is harmless?
172 $error = "Normal disconnection" unless $error;
173 my $msg = "Got CLIENT $syscall error $errno: $error";
174 unless ( $syscall eq 'read' and $errno == 0 ) {
175 fail( $msg );
176 } else {
177 diag( $msg );
178 }
179 },
150180 );
151181
152182 $poe_kernel->run(); | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries resets ISS mission H-IIB rocket launch for September 24 – TechCrunch
After a setback last week due to a fire on the launch pad, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI) is ready to take another shot at its HTV-8 mission to deliver supplies and other payloads to the International Space Station. The launch was originally scheduled for September 11, but the fire caused a scrub and led to a subsequent investigation to determine the cause. The new window is set for 1:30 AM JST on September 24 (12:30 PM/ 9:30 PM ET/PT on September 23). The investigation has now revealed that the fire, which was extinguished and resulted in no lasting damage to the rocket or its cargo, was most likely caused by built-up static electricity created by oxygen dripping from the exhaust for the rocket engine during propellant fueling. MHI has taken the steps necessary to correct for this problem, and says the rocket and launch facilities are now fully functional and ready to go for this renewed launch attempt. The H-IIB rocket used for this launch (the configuration of MHI’s M-II series rocket that has the highest lift capacity) will carry supplies, as mentioned, as well as a CubeSat launcher with a number of small satellite payloads for various academic and commercial customers. The H-IIB features one central booster and engine with liquid oxygen propellant, and four solid-fuel boosters attached to the base of the rocket for additional lift. It can carry up to 18,000 lbs to geostationary transfer orbit. This is the second to last mission for the H-IIB, with its final mission planned for next year. After that, MHI has been hard at work on the H3, a fully expendable launch vehicle currently under development that’s specifically aimed at serving more commercial customers with total launch costs that are more or less on par with emerging competitors like SpaceX for medium-heavy payloads. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
What Is the Relationship Between Anatomy and Physiology?
relationship-between-anatomy-physiology Gandee Vasan/Stone/Getty Images
Anatomy is the study of form, while physiology is the study of function, according to Wikipedia. Anatomy is the scientific study of the structure of organisms including their systems, organs and tissues. It details the appearance and position of various parts, their material compositions and their locations and relationships with other parts. Physiology deals respectively with the functions of those anatomical parts and the chemical processes involved.
Anatomical study is achieved through simple inspection such as visual observation, palpation, auscultation and percussion. Through palpation, an object in or on the body is felt to determine size, shape, firmness or location. Through auscultation, the internal sounds of the body are heard. By percussion, an examiner can feel abnormal resistance and listen to emitted sounds by tapping on the body. A deeper anatomical understanding is achieved through cadaver dissection or medical imaging. As explained by the Encyclopedia Britannica, technological advances such as the microscope allow for advances in anatomical science, such as the 17th Century discovery of cellular life.
Many insights into human structure are obtained from the comparative anatomy of other species. Structural similarities and differences, along with evolutionary trends are analyzed. Like anatomy, the science of physiology has also gained much insight through technological advances and comparative study, according to Wikipedia. Human physiology seeks to understand the mechanisms that work to keep the human body alive and functioning. These answers are found by scientific enquiry into mechanical, physical and biochemical functions of human organ systems, and the hierarchy of complexity on which they are built. This physiological enquiry focuses on the human body as an entire structure, all the way down to the single cellular component. Anatomy and physiology represent two complementary approaches in biological science. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Can I go home after an angiogram?
You'll usually be able to go home the same day, although sometimes you may need to stay in hospital overnight . It may be possible to let you know the results of the test before you go home. However, the X-rays often need to be studied in detail and the results are not available for a few weeks.
Do you go home the same day after an angiogram?
After angiography
You'll usually be able to go home the same day , although sometimes you may need to stay in hospital overnight. It may be possible to let you know the results of the test before you go home. However, the X-rays often need to be studied in detail and the results are not available for a few weeks.
How long do you stay in hospital after an angiogram?
Depending on the complexity of the investigation, an angiography takes between 30 minutes and 2 hours. You will usually be allowed to go home on the same day, although in some cases you may need to stay in hospital overnight . An angiography is usually a planned procedur
What can you not do after angiogram?
Do not do strenuous exercise and do not lift, pull, or push anything heavy until your doctor says it is okay . This may be for several days. You can walk around the house and do light activity, such as cooking. If the catheter was placed in your groin, try not to walk up stairs for the first couple of days.
Can I go back to work the day after an angiogram?
After an angiogram, your groin or arm may have a bruise and feel sore for a day or two. You can do light activities around the house but nothing strenuous for several days. Your doctor may give you specific instructions on when you can do your normal activities again, such as driving and going back to work.
How long after angiogram can I go home?
Rest at home until the morning after the procedure . Keep the wrist where the procedure was done as straight as you can for 6 hours. Do not do any sports, heavy work or lifting with the arm that was used for your procedure for 4 -7 days. Gradually increase your activity over the first week.
How long do you stay in hospital after angiogram?
The angiogram usually takes under an hour, but you'll stay in hospital for up to 6 hours , while your healthcare team monitors your blood pressure, heartrate and breathing, as well as the site where the tube was inserted.
Is an angiogram a day case?
In some cases a stent may be used. A stent is a small mesh tube (attached to a catheter) which keeps the blocked or narrowed artery open. The stent remains in your artery and becomes part of your artery wall. The test can be done as an inpatient or as a day case .
How long after an angiogram can you go home?
Rest at home until the morning after the procedure. Keep the wrist where the procedure was done as straight as you can for 6 hours. Do not do any sports, heavy work or lifting with the arm that was used for your procedure for 4 -7 days .
Do you stay in the hospital after an angiogram?
After angiography
You'll usually be able to go home the same day, although sometimes you may need to stay in hospital overnight . It may be possible to let you know the results of the test before you go home. However, the X-rays often need to be studied in detail and the results are not available for a few weeks.
What to expect after having an angiogram?
After an angiogram, your groin or arm may have a bruise and feel sore for a day or two . You can do light activities around the house but nothing strenuous for several days. Your doctor may give you specific instructions on when you can do your normal activities again, such as driving and going back to work.
How long after an angiogram can you be discharged?
General guidance is 3 days after an angiogram, and after 1 week following an angioplasty. If you have a heart attack then you will likely need 4-6 weeks off work. Please speak to your nurse or doctor about when you may return to work before you leave the war
Are there any restrictions after an angiogram?
After an angiogram, your groin or arm may have a bruise and feel sore for a day or two. You can do light activities around the house but nothing strenuous for several days . Your doctor may give you specific instructions on when you can do your normal activities again, such as driving and going back to work.
What precautions should be taken after angiogram?
To keep your heart healthy after angioplasty, you should:
• Quit smoking.
• Lower your cholesterol levels.
• Eat a healthy diet that is low in saturated fat.
• Maintain a healthy weight.
• Control other conditions, such as diabetes and high blood pressure.
• Get regular exercise.
• Take medications as prescribed by your doctor.
What are the side effects of having an angiogram?
Risks associated with cardiac catheterization and angiograms include:
• allergic reactions to the local anesthetic, contrast dye, or sedative.
• bleeding, bruising, or soreness at the insertion site.
• blood clots.
• injury to an artery or vein.
• damage to the walls of the heart.
• acute kidney failure.
• infection.
• irregular heartbeat.
How long after an angiogram can you go back to work?
For 24 hours , don't do anything that requires attention to detail, such as going to work, making important decisions, or signing any legal documents. It takes time for the medicine's effects to completely wear off.
How many days rest after angiogram?
Do NOT drive any vehicle or operate machinery for at least 1 day (24 hours) after your angiogram. If you have had a stent inserted, wait 2 days. If you have had a heart attack, ask your doctor or nurse when will be safe for you to resume driving.
What can you not do after angiogram?
After an angiogram using the radial artery (wrist) route – you must not drive for 3 days . After an angioplasty and stent using the radial artery (wrist) route – you must not drive for 7 days. After an angiogram using the femoral artery (groin) route – please do not drive for 24 hours.
FAQ-IS
v1.0.0 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Audio Tagging by Cross Filtering Noisy Labels
@article{Zhu2020AudioTB,
title={Audio Tagging by Cross Filtering Noisy Labels},
author={Boqing Zhu and Kele Xu and Qiuqiang Kong and Huaimin Wang and Yuxing Peng},
journal={IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing},
year={2020},
volume={28},
pages={2073-2083}
}
• Boqing Zhu, Kele Xu, Yuxing Peng
• Published 16 July 2020
• Computer Science
• IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing
High quality labeled datasets have allowed deep learning to achieve impressive results on many sound analysis tasks. Yet, it is labor-intensive to accurately annotate large amount of audio data, and the dataset may contain noisy labels in the practical settings. Meanwhile, the deep neural networks are susceptive to those incorrect labeled data because of their outstanding memorization ability. In this article, we present a novel framework, named CrossFilter, to combat the noisy labels problem…
ARCA23K: An audio dataset for investigating open-set label noise
TLDR
It is shown that the majority of labelling errors in ARCA23K are due to out-of-vocabulary audio clips, and this type of label noise is referred to as open-set label noise.
Polyphonic training set synthesis improves self-supervised urban sound classification.
TLDR
A two-stage approach to pre-train audio classifiers on a task whose ground truth is trivially available to benefit overall performance more than self-supervised learning and the geographical origin of the acoustic events in training set synthesis appears to have a decisive impact.
Audio Tagging Using CNN Based Audio Neural Networks for Massive Data Processing
TLDR
A large-scale audio dataset is used for training a pre-trained audio neural network that outperforms the existing systems with a mean average of 0.45 and the performance of the proposed model is demonstrated by applying theaudio neural network to five specific audio pattern recognition tasks.
Self-Supervised Learning from Automatically Separated Sound Scenes
TLDR
This paper explores the use of unsupervised automatic sound separation to decompose unlabeled sound scenes into multiple semantically-linked views for use in self-supervised contrastive learning and finds that learning to associate input mixtures with their automatically separated outputs yields stronger representations than past approaches that use the mixtures alone.
Multimodal Deep Learning for Social Media Popularity Prediction With Attention Mechanism
TLDR
A novel multimodal deep learning framework for the popularity prediction task, which aims to leverage the complementary knowledge from different modalities, is proposed and results show that the proposed framework outperforms related approaches.
Multi-Scale Generalized Attention-Based Regional Maximum Activation of Convolutions for Beauty Product Retrieval
TLDR
This paper proposes a novel descriptors, named Multi-Scale Generalized Attention-Based Regional Maximum Activation of Convolutions (MS-GRMAC), which introduces multi-scale generalized attention mechanism to reduce the influence of scale variations, thus, can boost the performance of the retrieval task.
References
SHOWING 1-10 OF 52 REFERENCES
Audio tagging with noisy labels and minimal supervision
TLDR
This paper presents the task setup, the FSDKaggle2019 dataset prepared for this scientific evaluation, and a baseline system consisting of a convolutional neural network.
General-purpose audio tagging from noisy labels using convolutional neural networks
TLDR
A system using an ensemble of convolutional neural networks trained on log-scaled mel spectrograms to address general-purpose audio tagging challenges and to reduce the effects of label noise is proposed.
Learning Sound Event Classifiers from Web Audio with Noisy Labels
TLDR
Experiments suggest that training with large amounts of noisy data can outperform training with smaller amounts of carefully-labeled data, and it is shown that noise-robust loss functions can be effective in improving performance in presence of corrupted labels.
Iterative Learning with Open-set Noisy Labels
TLDR
A novel iterative learning framework for training CNNs on datasets with open-set noisy labels that detects noisy labels and learns deep discriminative features in an iterative fashion and designs a Siamese network to encourage clean labels and noisy labels to be dissimilar.
Label-efficient audio classification through multitask learning and self-supervision
TLDR
This work trains an end-to-end audio feature extractor based on WaveNet that feeds into simple, yet versatile task-specific neural networks and describes several easily implemented self-supervised learning tasks that can operate on any large, unlabeled audio corpus.
Learning from Noisy Large-Scale Datasets with Minimal Supervision
TLDR
An approach to effectively use millions of images with noisy annotations in conjunction with a small subset of cleanly-annotated images to learn powerful image representations and is particularly effective for a large number of classes with wide range of noise in annotations.
Generalized Cross Entropy Loss for Training Deep Neural Networks with Noisy Labels
TLDR
A theoretically grounded set of noise-robust loss functions that can be seen as a generalization of MAE and CCE are presented and can be readily applied with any existing DNN architecture and algorithm, while yielding good performance in a wide range of noisy label scenarios.
Unsupervised Feature Learning Based on Deep Models for Environmental Audio Tagging
TLDR
A shrinking deep neural network (DNN) framework incorporating unsupervised feature learning to handle the multilabel classification task and a symmetric or asymmetric deep denoising auto-encoder (syDAE or asyDAE) to generate new data-driven features from the logarithmic Mel-filter banks features.
DCASE 2019 Task 2: Multitask Learning, Semi-supervised Learning and Model Ensemble with Noisy Data for Audio Tagging
TLDR
This paper describes the approach to the DCASE 2019 challenge Task 2: Audio tagging with noisy labels and minimal supervision, a multi-label audio classification with 80 classes, and proposes three strategies, including multitask learning using noisy data and labels that are relabeled using trained models’ predictions.
Training Deep Neural Networks on Noisy Labels with Bootstrapping
TLDR
A generic way to handle noisy and incomplete labeling by augmenting the prediction objective with a notion of consistency is proposed, which considers a prediction consistent if the same prediction is made given similar percepts, where the notion of similarity is between deep network features computed from the input data.
...
... | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Ammonium nitrate
Ammonium nitrate is a chemical compound with the formula NH4NO3. It is a white crystalline salt consisting of ions of ammonium and nitrate. It is highly soluble in water and hygroscopic as a solid, although it does not form hydrates. It is predominantly used in agriculture as a high-nitrogen fertilizer.
Its other major use is as a component of explosive mixtures used in mining, quarrying, and civil construction. It is the major constituent of ANFO, a popular industrial explosive which accounts for 80% of explosives used in North America; similar formulations have been used in improvised explosive devices.
Many countries are phasing out its use in consumer applications due to concerns over its potential for misuse. Accidental ammonium nitrate explosions have killed thousands of people since the early 20th century. Global production was estimated at 21.6 million tonnes in 2017. By 2021, global production of ammonium nitrate was down to 16.7 million tonnes.
Occurrence
Ammonium nitrate is found as the natural mineral gwihabaite (formerly known as nitrammite) – the ammonium analogue of saltpetre (mineralogical name: niter) – in the driest regions of the Atacama Desert in Chile, often as a crust on the ground or in conjunction with other nitrate, iodate, and halide minerals. Ammonium nitrate was mined there until the Haber–Bosch process made it possible to synthesize nitrates from atmospheric nitrogen, thus rendering nitrate mining obsolete.
Production, reactions and crystalline phases
The industrial production of ammonium nitrate entails the acid-base reaction of ammonia with nitric acid:
* HNO3 + NH3 → NH4NO3
The ammonia required for this process is obtained by the Haber process from nitrogen and hydrogen. Ammonia produced by the Haber process can be oxidized to nitric acid by the Ostwald process. Ammonia is used in its anhydrous form (a gas) and the nitric acid is concentrated. The reaction is violent owing to its highly exothermic nature. After the solution is formed, typically at about 83% concentration, the excess water is evaporated off to leave an ammonium nitrate (AN) content of 95% to 99.9% concentration (AN melt), depending on grade. The AN melt is then made into "prills" or small beads in a spray tower, or into granules by spraying and tumbling in a rotating drum. The prills or granules may be further dried, cooled, and then coated to prevent caking. These prills or granules are the typical AN products in commerce.
Another production method is a variant of the nitrophosphate process:
* Ca(NO3)2 + 2 NH3 + CO2 + H2O → 2 NH4NO3 + CaCO3
The products, calcium carbonate and ammonium nitrate, may be separately purified or sold combined as calcium ammonium nitrate.
Ammonium nitrate can also be made via metathesis reactions:
* (NH4)2SO4 + Ba(NO3)2 → 2 NH4NO3 + BaSO4
* (NH4)2SO4 + Ca(NO3)2 → 2 NH4NO3 + CaSO4
* NH4Cl + AgNO3 → NH4NO3 + AgCl
Reactions
As ammonium nitrate is a salt, both the cation, NH4+, and the anion, NO3-, may take part in chemical reactions.
Solid ammonium nitrate decomposes on heating. At temperatures below around 300 °C, the decomposition mainly produces nitrous oxide and water:
* NH4NO3 → N2O + 2 H2O
At higher temperatures, the following reaction predominates.
* 2 NH4NO3 → 2 N2 + O2 + 4 H2O
Both decomposition reactions are exothermic and their products are gas. Under certain conditions, this can lead to a runaway reaction, with the decomposition process becoming explosive. See for details. Many ammonium nitrate disasters, with loss of lives, have occurred.
The red–orange colour in an explosion cloud is due to nitrogen dioxide, a secondary reaction product.
Crystalline phases
A number of crystalline phases of ammonium nitrate have been observed. The following occur under atmospheric pressure.
* {| class="wikitable"
! Phase ! Temperature (°C) ! Symmetry The transition between β-rhombic to α-rhombic forms (at 32.3 °C) occurs at ambient temperature in many parts of the world. These forms have a 3.6% difference in density and hence transition between them causes a change in volume. One practical consequence of this is that ammonium nitrate cannot be used as a solid rocket motor propellant, as it develops cracks. Stabilized ammonium nitrate (PSAN) was developed as a solution to this and incorporates metal halides stabilisers, which prevent density fluctuations.
* (liquid)
* (above 169.6)
* I
* 169.6 to 125.2
* cubic
* II
* 125.2 to 84.2
* tetragonal
* III
* 84.2 to 32.3
* α-rhombic
* IV
* 32.3 to −16.8
* β-rhombic
* V
* below −16.8
* tetragonal
* }
* 32.3 to −16.8
* β-rhombic
* V
* below −16.8
* tetragonal
* }
* }
Fertilizer
Ammonium nitrate is an important fertilizer with NPK rating 34-0-0 (34% nitrogen). It is less concentrated than urea (46-0-0), giving ammonium nitrate a slight transportation disadvantage. Ammonium nitrate's advantage over urea is that it is more stable and does not rapidly lose nitrogen to the atmosphere.
Explosives
Ammonium nitrate readily forms explosive mixtures with varying properties when combined with explosives such as TNT or with fuels like aluminum powder or fuel oil. Examples of explosives containing ammonium nitrate include:
* Amatex (ammonium nitrate, TNT and RDX)
* Amatol (ammonium nitrate and TNT)
* Ammonal (ammonium nitrate and aluminum powder)
* ANFO (ammonium nitrate and fuel oil)
* Astrolite (ammonium nitrate and hydrazine rocket fuel)
* Goma-2 (ammonium nitrate, nitroglycol, nitrocellulose, dibutyl phthalate and fuel)
* Minol (explosive) (ammonium nitrate, TNT and aluminum powder)
* Nitrolite (ammonium nitrate, TNT and nitroglycerin +)
* DBX (ammonium nitrate, RDX, TNT and aluminum powder)
* Tovex (ammonium nitrate and methylammonium nitrate)
Mixture with fuel oil
ANFO is a mixture of 94% ammonium nitrate ("AN") and 6% fuel oil ("FO") widely used as a bulk industrial explosive. It is used in coal mining, quarrying, metal mining, and civil construction in undemanding applications where the advantages of ANFO's low cost, relative safety, and ease of use matter more than the benefits offered by conventional industrial explosives, such as water resistance, oxygen balance, high detonation velocity, and performance in small diameters.
Terrorism
Ammonium nitrate-based explosives were used in the Sterling Hall bombing in Madison, Wisconsin, 1970, the Oklahoma City bombing in 1995, the 2011 Delhi bombings, the 2011 bombing in Oslo, the Myyrmanni bombing and the 2013 Hyderabad blasts.
In November 2009, the government of the North West Frontier Province (NWFP) of Pakistan imposed a ban on ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, and calcium ammonium nitrate fertilizers in the former Malakand Division – comprising the Upper Dir, Lower Dir, Swat, Chitral, and Malakand districts of the NWFP – following reports that those chemicals were used by militants to make explosives. Due to these bans, "Potassium chlorate – the material which allows safety matches to catch fire – has surpassed fertilizer as the explosive of choice for insurgents."
Niche uses
Ammonium nitrate is used in some instant cold packs, as its dissolution in water is highly endothermic. In 2021, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology in Saudi Arabia conducted experiments to study the potential for dissolving ammonium nitrate in water for off-grid cooling systems and as a refrigerant. They suggested that the water could be distilled and reused using solar energy to avoid water wastage in severe environments.
It was once used, in combination with independently explosive "fuels" such as guanidine nitrate, as a cheaper (but less stable) alternative to 5-aminotetrazole in the inflators of airbags manufactured by Takata Corporation, which were recalled as unsafe after killing 14 people. The current USA death total is 27.
Safety, handling, and storage
Numerous safety guidelines are available for storing and handling ammonium nitrate. Health and safety data are shown on the safety data sheets available from suppliers and from various governments.
Pure ammonium nitrate does not burn, but as a strong oxidizer, it supports and accelerates the combustion of organic (and some inorganic) material. It should not be stored near combustible substances.
While ammonium nitrate is stable at ambient temperature and pressure under many conditions, it may detonate from a strong initiation charge. It should not be stored near high explosives or blasting agents.
Molten ammonium nitrate is very sensitive to shock and detonation, particularly if it becomes contaminated with incompatible materials such as combustibles, flammable liquids, acids, chlorates, chlorides, sulfur, metals, charcoal and sawdust.
Contact with certain substances such as chlorates, mineral acids and metal sulfides, can lead to vigorous or even violent decomposition capable of igniting nearby combustible material or detonating.
Ammonium nitrate begins decomposition after melting, releasing NOx, HNO3, NH$-0 cm^{3}/mol$ and H2O. It should not be heated in a confined space. The resulting heat and pressure from decomposition increases the sensitivity to detonation and increases the speed of decomposition. Detonation may occur at 80 atmospheres. Contamination can reduce this to 20 atmospheres.
Ammonium nitrate has a critical relative humidity of 59.4% at 30 °C. At higher humidity it will absorb moisture from the atmosphere. Therefore, it is important to store ammonium nitrate in a tightly sealed container. Otherwise, it can coalesce into a large, solid mass. Ammonium nitrate can absorb enough moisture to liquefy. Blending ammonium nitrate with certain other fertilizers can lower the critical relative humidity.
The potential for use of the material as an explosive has prompted regulatory measures. For example, in Australia, the Dangerous Goods Regulations came into effect in August 2005 to enforce licensing in dealing with such substances. Licenses are granted only to applicants (industry) with appropriate security measures in place to prevent any misuse. Additional uses such as education and research purposes may also be considered, but individual use will not. Employees of those with licenses to deal with the substance are still required to be supervised by authorized personnel and are required to pass a security and national police check before a license may be granted.
Health hazards
Ammonium nitrate is not hazardous to health and is usually used in fertilizer products.
Ammonium nitrate has an LD50 of 2217 mg/kg, which for comparison is about two-thirds that of table salt.
Disasters
Ammonium nitrate decomposes, non-explosively, into the gases nitrous oxide and water vapor when heated. However, it can be induced to decompose explosively by detonation. Large stockpiles of the material can also be a major fire risk due to their supporting oxidation, a situation which can easily escalate to detonation. Explosions are not uncommon: relatively minor incidents occur most years, and several large and devastating explosions have also occurred. Examples include the Oppau explosion of 1921 (one of the largest artificial non-nuclear explosions), the Texas City disaster of 1947, the 2015 Tianjin explosions in China, and the 2020 Beirut explosion.
Ammonium nitrate can explode through two mechanisms:
* Shock-to-detonation transition. An explosive charge within or in contact with a mass of ammonium nitrate causes the ammonium nitrate to detonate. Examples of such disasters are Kriewald, Morgan (present-day Sayreville, New Jersey), Oppau, and Tessenderlo.
* Deflagration to detonation transition. The ammonium nitrate explosion results from a fire that spreads into the ammonium nitrate (Texas City, TX; Brest; West, TX; Tianjin; Beirut), or from ammonium nitrate mixing with a combustible material during the fire (Gibbstown, Cherokee, Nadadores). The fire must be confined at least to a degree for successful transition from a fire to an explosion. | WIKI |
Magar
Magar may refer to:
* Magar people, of Nepal and India
* Magar language, their Sino-Tibetan language
* Khagendra Thapa Magar, the shortest man in the world (as of 2012)
* Magar, the Catholicos of All Armenians from 1885 to 1891
* Vanesa Magar Brunner, Mexican and French oceanographer
* Mugger crocodile, a crocodile species in Asia | WIKI |
Kasich: It's pathetic if Dems, GOP can't work together on legislation | TheHill
Ohio Gov. John Kasich (R) got heated during an interview on Sunday, saying it is “pathetic” if Democrats and Republicans can’t work together to successfully pass major legislation such as healthcare policy. “Right now, off the get-go, it's all partisan,” Kasich told CNN’s Dana Bash on "State of the Union," urging that it is “unsustainable” for the two parties to not engage the other side. “The Democrats did it with ObamaCare, and it's not sustainable, and the Republicans tried to do it with just Republicans. It doesn't work like that in our country. We're not at parliamentary system, and whenever you continue to operate like that, what you pass will never be sustainable,” he continued. Kasich stressed that ObamaCare is “disintegrating,” so something must be done. But Kasich said the GOP healthcare proposal was too severe, saying it would have been “the mentally ill, the drug-addicted and chronically ill who will pay the price for politics.” Kasich said Republicans could reach out to Democrats behind the scenes to work on the issue. “Frankly if Republicans quietly over time will reach out to Democrats, find a constructive ones, and you will begin to marginalize the extremes,” Kasich said. Kasich, who ended his presidential campaign last May, was also asked whether he’ll ever run for the Oval Office again. "I just don't see it," he said. "You don't close the door on anything," he added, however. View the discussion thread. The Hill 1625 K Street, NW Suite 900 Washington DC 20006 | 202-628-8500 tel | 202-628-8503 fax The contents of this site are ©2019 Capitol Hill Publishing Corp., a subsidiary of News Communications, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Exploring Zeolites and BioCote® Antimicrobial Technology
Exploring Zeolites and BioCote® Antimicrobial Technology
2.9 min readPublished On: April 10th, 2024By
2.9 min readPublished On: April 10th, 2024By
What are zeolites
What are zeolites?
Zeolites are interesting compounds chemically classified as aluminosilicates, composed of aluminium, silicon, and oxygen. The possess a unique chemical structure and properties and contain a variety of alkali and alkaline earth metals -such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. There are at least forty natural zeolites, with synthetic types increasing the total to in excess of two hundred.
The Genesis of Zeolites
The origins of the name “zeolite” stems from the Greek words for “boiling” and “stone”, a nod to their characteristic ability to swell when heated as discovered by Swedish geologist Axel Cronstedt, which he would call ‘zeolit’ with a blowpipe, causing the mineral to boil and swell (Colella and Gualtieri, 2007). The structure of these compounds typically consists of molecular sized pores that can trap/hold water, at various quantities, adsorbed onto their complex internal surfaces.
Zeolite Versatility Through Structure
One of the impressive features of zeolites is their pore structure, an exceptionally fine porous structures enable them to function as molecular sieves. This means they are able to separate chemical compounds based on their size. They can also function as ion exchange, catalytic, and carrier materials thanks to their unique combination of physical structure and chemical composition. The primary consideration of zeolites in their functionality is their pores, and it has been calculated that just ten grams of the natural zeolite chabazite, has a comparable surface area to that of a standard sized football pitch, which is approximately 5,000 square metres.
Zeolites and Antimicrobial Properties
In recent years, zeolites have gained attention for their antimicrobial properties. Silver known for its stability and broad spectrum of antimicrobial affects and is commonly used in the exchange process (Kwakye-Awuah et al, 2008). Zeolites are able to provide a unique platform for silver storage and release. Their aluminosilicate framework functions as ion-exchange agents, allowing varying amounts of silver ions (Ag+) to be stored within.
Furthermore, the release characteristics can be tailored based on the zeolite type and the ionic strength of the surrounding medium (Malachova et al, 2011). Alternative metal ions like zinc and copper can also be used in the ion exchange procedure for the modification of zeolites to provide them with antimicrobial properties.
Sorption in Zeolites for Antimicrobial Properties
One of the key attributes of zeolites is their negative charge, which makes theme excellent for sorption – the ability to absorb and hold onto other substances. This is particularly useful for carrying materials with antimicrobial properties, such as silver ions. The aluminosilicate framework of zeolites has a permanent negative charge due to isomorphous substitution, which is the process of replacing one structural cation for another of a similar size. This negative charge is balanced by exchangeable cations. Because of their porous structures, zeolites have excellent sorption properties, which supports their function as carriers of materials, including those with inherent antimicrobial efficacy such as Ag+.
BioCote® antimicrobial technology exerts, by various modes of action, an inhibiting effect on the growth of odour, staining and material degrading microorganisms, such as MRSA and E. Coli, at levels of up to 99.9%. BioCote® reduces the likelihood of cross-contamination between surfaces, complimenting any existing cleaning practices.
References
Colella, C.; Gualtieri, A.F;. Cronstedt’s Zeolite, Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 2007, 105, 213–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2007.04.056
Kwakye-Awuah, B.; Williams, C.; Kenward, M.; Radecka, I. Antimicrobial action and efficiency of silver-loaded zeolite X. J. Appl. Microbiol. 2008, 104, 1516–1524
Malachová, K.; Praus, P.; Rybková, Z.; Kozák, O. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of silver, copper, and zinc montmorillonites. Appl. Clay Sci. 2011, 53, 642–645.
Evolving EU Biocidal Products Regulation: Updates on Silver Zinc Zeolite
At the recent 50th Biocidal Products Committee (BPC-50) meeting held in February 2024, Silver Zinc Zeolite received positive support for approval as an active substance under multiple Product-types (PTs), including disinfectants (PT2), film preservatives (PT7), and fibre, leather, rubber, and polymerised materials preservatives (PT9. This endorsement signifies a crucial step towards regulatory acceptance. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
All Articles
Math Bio Seminar: Identifying Peaks and Estimating Parameters for CUT&RUN Sequencing Using Branching Process Model
Author: Lona
Speaker: Debosmita Kundu, Iowa State University (Statistics)
Abstract: CUT&RUN is a new method for detecting protein interactions with DNA that is easier to implement than ChIP-seq and can work with less starting DNA. This method combines antibody-targeted controlled cleavage by micrococcal nuclease with massively parallel DNA sequencing to identify DNA fragments bound to a target protein. Almost all sequencing-based quantification methods, including CUT&RUN, involve DNA amplification by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). For many methods, the amplification is virtually invisible because the complexity of the initial sample and the low rate of final sampling ensures that the vast majority of sequenced fragments are not PCR duplicates. However, amplification is a major factor in CUT&RUN with low amounts of starting DNA. Many sampled fragments are identical, and it is impossible to know if they are PCR duplicates or repeatedly sampled identical molecules. There are confounding recommendations in the CUT&RUN data analysis literature, varying from complete removal to complete retention of all duplicate DNA fragments. We propose a branching process model for PCR amplification and sampling. I will present our progress in developing a statistical estimation procedure for this model to distinguish the types of duplication and more accurately detect the regions of enriched DNA fragments or peaks indicating protein binding events in genomes treated by CUT&RUN. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Matt Pennington
* The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.
The result of the debate was DELETE. Linuxbeak | Talk 19:25, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
Matt Pennington
looks like a vanity article--Austrian 20:49, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
* Speedy Delete as per WP:CSD A7. Hall Monitor 21:50, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
* Comment. Matt Pennington was added to the LARP article on September 27, 2005, so there may be some context for having a short biography of who he is. I don't know whether he is a "notable" personality within the LARP scene, but he may very well be. The current tone/content would need to be reworked for a future article, of course. Peruvianllama 22:23, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
* Delete, but unfortunately not speedy. Makes a claim to notability, of a sort. No evidence of notability, and if he is, this article is not a good starting point. android 79 00:07, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
| WIKI |
User:Thukyd1des/Books/Synesthesia
* Synesthesia
* History of synesthesia research
* Grapheme-color synesthesia
* Ordinal linguistic personification
* Number form
* Neural basis of synesthesia
* Synesthesia in art
* Synesthesia in literature
* References to synesthesia in fiction
* Richard Cytowic
* Francis Galton
* List of people with synesthesia
* Affect (psychology)
* Automaticity
* Crossmodal
* Gene expression
* Genome-wide association study
* Grapheme
* Ideophone
* Multisensory integration
* Parosmia
* Penetrance
* Perception
* Qualia
* Sex linkage
* Sound symbolism
* Stroop effect
* Theory of multiple intelligences
* Visual music
* The Yellow Sound | WIKI |
Page:Natural History of the Ground Squirrels of California.djvu/10
598 so successful when applied to the Oregon Ground Squirrel, which animal apparently does not habitually gather and store seeds and grain to a large extent, but is active chiefly during the spring and early summer when green vegetation, upon which it depends for food, is to be had. Some sort of green baits might be expected to be more effective with this species.
It is very desirable at this time that we know more about the extent of æstivation and hibernation among our ground squirrels. We know little or nothing of the effect of gases upon squirrels in this condition; and it is obvious that such part of a squirrel population as is dormant at the time of a poison campaign will escape destruction and become a nucleus of reinfestation.
During the past spring and summer our work of excavating squirrel burrows after the occupants had been gassed, has shown that one frequent cause of failure in the ordinary waste-ball method of applying carbon bisulphid is due to the fact that sudden elevation in the course of the burrow, of as much as two feet in some cases, prevents the heavy gas from reaching the animal. This condition was found to occur much more frequently than is generally supposed.
The instances just cited all suggest that the present knowledge of our ground squirrels is far from complete, and they serve to emphasize the above contention that a more thorough knowledge of this subject is essential to securing the most intelligent and efficient methods of control of these our chief rodent pests. It is the purpose of the present paper to supply the information available from all sources in as much detail as it has proven feasible for the authors to secure it at this time. The facts and inferences are given just as they came, irrespective of whether or not they show obvious and immediate economic bearing. They are here available to everyone who is concerned with methods of control.
The present paper has been prepared at the suggestion of Mr. G. H. Hecke, California State Commissioner of Horticulture, and Mr. W. C. Jacobsen, Superintendent of Rodent Control under this commission. Both these men have rendered many valuable helps during the progress of our work and have co-operated to facilitate its final publication. Their emphasis all along has been upon the need of a summary of the facts relative to rodent natural history at this particular time, when efforts from every direction are being concentrated upon the problem of increased crop production.
Upon the facilities and auspices of the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology of the University of California the writers have been dependent for the opportunity of carrying through their undertaking; and behind this has been the continual financial and moral support of the founder and constant patron of the Museum, Miss Annie M. Alexander. The collections of specimens and the field records contained in this Museum, gathered during the past ten years, have been absolutely indispensable | WIKI |
Paul Johnson
Paul Bede Johnson (2 November 1928 – 12 January 2023) was an English journalist, historian, speechwriter and author.
Quotes
* It is the nature of the Hindu religion to be tolerant and, in its own curious way, permissive. Under the socialist regime of Jawaharlal Nehru and his family successors the state was intolerant, restrictive and grotesquely bureaucratic. That has largely changed (though much bureaucracy remains), and the natural tolerance of the Hindu mind-set has replaced quasi-Marxist rigidity.
* As Quoted and attributed in page 156, Londhe, S. (2008). A tribute to Hinduism: Thoughts and wisdom spanning continents and time about India and her culture . Forbes.com Want to be Proserous? Then be tolerant. http://www.forbes.comlcolumnists/freeJorbes/2004/0621 /041.html Raj ghatta, Chidanand BoontlllleS for Hindu rate of growth economictimes.com http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshowl7 3 63 7 8 .cms and http://www.indianewengland.com! newsl702058.html?mkey=1060861
1950–1980
* I have just finished what is, without doubt, the nastiest book I have ever read. It is a new novel entitled Dr. No and the author is Mr Ian Fleming. ... By the time I was a third of the way through, I had to suppress a strong impulse to throw the thing away, and only continued reading because I realised that here was a social phenomenon of some importance. There are three basic ingredients in Dr No, all unhealthy, all thoroughly English: the sadism of a schoolboy bully, the mechanical, two-dimensional sex-longings of a frustrated adolescent, and the crude, snob-cravings of a suburban adult. Mr Fleming has no literary skill, the construction of the book is chaotic, and entire incidents and situations are inserted, and then forgotten in a haphazard manner. But the three ingredients are manufactured and blended with deliberate, professional precision ... Our curious post-war society, with its obsessive interest in debutantes, its cult of U and non-U, its working-class graduates educated into snobbery by the welfare state, is a soft market for Mr Fleming's poison. ...
* "Sex, snobbery and sadism" New Statesman (5 April 1958), as reproduced in Stephen Howe (ed) Lines of Dissent: Writings from the New Statesman (Verso, 1988) pp. 151-54
* [I]t is about time we destroyed the British class system
* I would therefore abolish the monarchy and House of Lords, dispossess ... the public schools and Oxford and Cambridge; end the regimental system in the army ... disestablish the Church; replace the Inns of Court ... abolish the Honours List. What is more, we should take the offensive on all these fronts simultaneously: for if the apostles of social change eschew violence, they must embrace speed. Our society is a many-headed hydra: it is no use chopping off the heads singly, for while you are dealing with the second or third, the first will grow again.
* From an essay in Conviction, Norman MacKenzie (ed), MacGibbon & Kee, 1958 cited in Anthony Barnett "'The twots': Letter from a would-be New Statesman Editor" New Statesman (26 September 2015, written 1986)
* The reference to an essay collection entitled Convictions is a typographical error.
* Before I am denounced as a reactionary fuddy-duddy, let us pause an instant and see exactly what we mean by this "youth". Both TV channels now run weekly programmes in which popular records are played to teenagers and judged. While the music is performed, the cameras linger savagely over the faces of the audience. What a bottomless chasm of vacuity they reveal! The huge faces, bloated with cheap confectionery and smeared with chain-store makeup, the open, sagging mouths and glazed eyes, the broken stiletto heels: here is a generation enslaved by a commercial machine. ... Are teenagers different today? Of course not. Those who flock round the Beatles, who scream themselves into hysteria, are the least fortunate of their generation, the dull, the idle, the failures: their existence, in such large numbers, far from being a cause for ministerial congratulation, is a fearful indictment of our education system, which in 10 years of schooling can scarcely raise them to literacy.
* "From the Archives: The menace of Beatlism" New Statesman (28 February 1964)
This where the Labour Party is heading. It has already embraced corporatism, which ultimately must mean the end of parliamentary democracy. But corporatism plus violence is infinitely worse. It is fascism; Left-wing fascism maybe, marxist-fascism if you like, but still fascism all the same.
* But violence is an evil continuum which begins with the inflammatory verbal pursuit of class war, continues with Grunwick and the lawless use of union power, progresses to knives, clubs and acid-bombs of Lewisham and Ladywood and then—as we may well fear—rapidly accelerates into full-blooded terrorism with firearms, explosives and an utter contempt for human life.
* "Farewell to the Labour Party" Sunday Telegraph (11 September 1977), reprinted in a slightly shorter form from the New Statesman (9 September 1977)
1980s
* The article by Roald Dahl in the August Issue of Literary Review is, in my view, the most disgraceful item to appear in a respectable British publication for a very, long time. Indeed 1 cannot recall anything like it ... As a rule, in a civilised country like Britain, those who hate the Israelis, or the Jews in general, are careful to mask their views behind a screen of anti-Zionism, thus in theory giving their collective condemnation a political rather than a racial rationale. Dahl is a different case. He is too reckless, or too angry, or too confident in getting away with it, to take such precautions.
* This kind of racial abuse is, thank God, rare in British journalism nowadays. The present case is serious, however, because Dahl is a well-known and successful author who, among other things, writes books for children and whose work is frequently used on TV. I ant not suggesting he be hauled before the Race Relations Board, a body which, I suspect, provokes rather than reduces racial antagonism, or indeed the Press Council, a tribunal which is falling in- to contempt. The most effective action the civilised community can take is for reputable writers to refuse to be associated with a journal which publishes such filth.
* "The press: An affront to decency" The Spectator (3 September 1983), p. 15
* Dahl had reviewed God Cried by Tony Clifton and Caroline Leroy (Quartet, 1983), an account of the 1982 war between Israel and Lebanon.
Modern Times: A History of the World from the 1920s to the 1980s (1983)
* A Stalin functionary admitted, "Innocent people were arrested: naturally - otherwise no one would be frightened. If people, he said, were arrested only for specific misdemeanours, all the others would feel safe and so become ripe for treason.
* Men are excessively ruthless and cruel not as a rule out of malice but from outraged righteousness. How much more is this true of legally constituted states, invested with all this seeming moral authority of parliaments and congresses and courts of justice! The destructive capacity of an individual, however vicious, is small; of the state, however well-intentioned, almost limitless. Expand the state and the destructive capacity necessarily expands too. Collective righteousness is far more ungovernable than any individual pursuit of revenge. That was a point well understood by Woodrow Wilson, who warned: 'Once lead this people into war and they'll forget there ever was such a thing as tolerance.
* Mussolini was a reluctant fascist because, underneath, he remained a Marxist, albeit a heretical one.
* (2001 ed.) p. 101.
* With Lenin he shared a quasi-religious approach to politics, though in sheer crankiness he had much more in common with Hitler (…) One of his favourite books was Constipation and Our Civilization, which he constantly reread. (…) His eccentricities appealed to a nation which venerates sacral oddity. But his teachings had no relevance to India’s problems. (…) His food policy would have led to mass starvation. In fact Gandhi’s own ashram (…) had to be heavily subsidized by three merchant princes. And Gandhi was expensive in human life as well as money. The events of 1920–21 indicated that though he could bring a mass-movement into existence, he could not control it. Yet he continued to play the sorcerer's apprentice, while the casualty bill mounted into hundreds, then thousands, then tens of thousands, and the risks of a gigantic sectarian and racial explosion accumulated. This blindness to the law of probability in a bitterly divided subcontinent made nonsense of Gandhi’s professions that he would not take life in any circumstances.
* About Mahatma Gandhi. Modern Times, pp. 470–472., Quoted from Elst, Koenraad (2018). Why I killed the Mahatma: Uncovering Godse's defence. New Delhi : Rupa, 2018.
Intellectuals (1988)
* It was part of Rousseau’s vanity that he believed himself incapable of base emotions. "I feel too superior to hate." "I love myself too much to hate anybody."
A History of the American People (1997)
* This book is dedicated to the people of America--strong, outspoken, intense in their convictions, sometimes wrong-headed but always generous and brave, with a passion for justice no nation has ever matched.
Quotes About Johnson
* Intellectuals is a caricature of the bad faith it itself denounces. Were we to judge it by Johnson's own standards, the result would be clear. We would not give a fig for Mr Johnson's private life. He might be an excellent husband, an admirable father, a good colleague, and even in his other work a decent historian. None of this would redeem the shallowness of his arguments.
* Michael Ignatieff "Johnson fails dope-test" The Observer (2 October 1988) p. 42
Not necessarily, Johnson replied, because Benn was a genuine democrat, and might, when it came to the crunch between collectivism and liberty, choose liberty. But it would be too late by then! Well, said Johnson, it might be. But at least Benn leading Labour and Thatcher leading the Tories would present the country with "a proper chloice" between collectivism and individualism. This struck me as dotty.
* Well then, who had he had time for, during his 24 years in the Party, if he didn't like collectivists and didn't like moderates? There was a pause. "Well, Benn. I have a high opinion of Wedgwood Benn. He is committed to a form of collectivism, but at least he is honest and original. I'd like to see him leading the Labour Party." You could have knocked me down with a feather. But, I said, would not Benn's leadership of the Labour Party make it still more likely that the country would go collectivist, with the inevitable erosion of our liberties as outlined by Johnson in his "Farewell"?
* Michael Davie "Paul the disenchanted" The Observer (11 September 1977)
* In a novel called Left of Centre which is now, to the relief of its publisher and author alike, safely out of print, Paul Johnson wrote what is generally agreed to be the most embarrassing spanking scene ever penned. The eclipse of this otherwise unreadable novel did nothing to dim the memory of the cringemaking episode, which was continually called to mind by Johnson's public and social behaviour. This often involved drunken and boorish conduct towards women, including his wife. On a famous occasion in a Greek restaurant in Charlotte Street in 1973, he struck her across the face for disagreeing with him in public and, when rebuked for this by a colleague of mine, threatened to put him through a plate-glass window. At a lunch given for the Israeli ambassador to Britain in the boardroom of the old New Statesman, I watched Johnson bully and barrack Corinna Adam, then the foreign editor, as she attempted to engage Gideon Raphael in conversation. "Don't listen to her, she's a Communist", he kept bellowing, his face twisted and puce with drink. "Fascist bitch!", he finally managed, before retiring to a sofa on the other side of the room and farting his way through a fitful doze for the rest of the meal. ... Long before he made his much-advertised stagger from left to right, Johnson had come to display all the lineaments of the snob, the racist and the bigot.
* Christopher Hitchens "The Life of Johnson" Critical Quarterly (1989), republished in For the Sake of Argument: Essays and Minority Reports (Verso, 1993) p. 260
* From the introductory passage of an article reviewing Johnson's book Intellectuals (1988)
* I must confess I have not as yet found a permanent replacement for Mr Johnson. His catty jokes about politicians take some matching. But I had had enough of spanking for Britain.
* Gloria Stewart "Life After Paul", Evening Standard (28 July 1998), p. 23
* The journalist Gloria Stewart had an 11-year affair with Paul Johnson and originally initiated a sting with the help of the Daily Express earlier in 1998. "Paul loved to be spanked and it was a big feature of our relationship," she said. "I had to tell him he was a very naughty boy".
My recollection of him taking me to London on my seventh birthday is a joy: riding in a taxi, visiting the New Statesman office as the editor's son, and then to Bertorelli’s for lunch, where he introduced me to Vicky, the great cartoonist, who was not much taller than I was. He seemed to know everyone. When I was puzzled by my part in a school play by J.B. Priestley, he suddenly said: "Let’s ring old Jack up and ask him." Next minute, I heard an aged voice with a Yorkshire accent saying: "Oh yes, Time and the Conways. Damn good play, that. What’s the problem?"
* Many of my contemporaries have vivid memories of visits to our home in Iver. There my father presided over idyllic Sunday lunches, improvising quizzes for us children and entertaining the Worsthornes, Frasers, Howards, Stoppards, Amises, Gales and countless others with conversation and jokes that flowed and gurgled like a bubbling stream. When the talk turned to politics, he could be combative. We children didn’t like that. Aged about six, I tackled him: "Daddy, why do you go on and on about Mr Wilson?" "Why do you go on about the Daleks?" he replied. "The Daleks are important," I said. After lunch there were walks in Langley Park, culminating in the hunt for sixpences, hidden in a giant hollow tree where (he claimed) the Great Train Robbers had stashed their loot.
* Daniel Johnson "The faith and the fury: my father Paul Johnson" The Spectator (21 January 2023)
About 20 years ago, however, the fun went out of this sport—perhaps because Paul was well into his seventies, or perhaps because I'd run out of epithets to hurl. Thanks to an intercession by his saintly wife, Marigold, he turned up at a book launch I was hosting, shook me firmly by the hand and agreed an immediate ceasefire. A few years later, he descended into the abyss of Alzheimer's. "The Gospel today had Jesus enjoining us to make peace with our enemies," one of Paul’s children later wrote to me, "and I am sure that you did the right thing by putting an end to your feud with my father while you could."
* Stoppard's Night and Day was dedicated to his friend Paul Johnson, the historian and polemicist. Of the many funerals I have attended in 2023, Paul's was the one I'd least expected to be at. For 25 years, from the late 1970s on, I mocked him in print whenever he wrote anything that seemed to merit it—which, given his prolific and often intemperate output, was very often. He in turn accused me of "playing Job Trotter to [Christopher] Hitchens's Alfred Jingle Esq", a taunt I still cherish. When he threatened to sue unless I stopped goading him, this merely encouraged me to give him another prod.
* Francis Wheen "Francis Wheen’s diary: I’ve lost my appetite for vituperation", Prospect (4 October 2023) | WIKI |
Page:Wren--The young stagers.djvu/41
Rh Buddha, a large doll, and a set of big skittles, they made a satisfactory army, and, all being arranged, the Vice climbed carefully into the chariot, and the battle began.
It was evident from the speed at which Amir rocked that they were dashing along at a terrible pace.
Knowing that something was expected of them, Widdy and Venus remained in statu quo ante, but while Widdy sat up and took an intelligent interest, Venus lay down, grinned fatuously, and wumped the floor with his tail in an idiotic manner.
"That's Julius Cæsar—and he's not trying," cried Boadicea pointing at him.
The hint was sufficient, and the armour-bearer raised his mighty bow, drew it to his shoulder—and caught Venus fairly in the stomach. With a yelp of disgust the stricken Cæsar scrambled to his feet and returned to his kennel. Anybody who wanted him to play Romans some more, could come and fetch him. His demoralisation spread, and Widdy followed him, pursued by a grey-goose shaft. | WIKI |
Sultan Bahoo The Life and Teachings/Murshid Kamil Akmal (The Perfect Spiritual Mentor)
In the Holy Quran Allah says; "O’ Believers! Fear Allah persistently and find medium to get close to Him." (Al-Maida-35)
In this verse, the word Vaseela (medium, ) refers to a Kamil Murshid. According to the dictionary, Vaseela means such source or medium through which one can reach one’s destination. It should be so helpful that all the needs of the needy are fulfilled and he is completely satisfied by obtaining all the goals of his life.
Lissan-ul-Arab (volume II-page 725) defines Vaseela as “by means of which closeness to something is achieved.” According to Shariat, Vaseela means to find closeness to Allah through a person who is already close to Allah and His Beloved, who has travelled the mystic path and knows its ups and downs. In Tasawuf, such person is known as Murshid, Spiritual Mentor and Guide. A true Murshid is the one who knows the way to Allah perfectly and who has reached the Divine Oneness and now, is fully capable to guide the common people who do not know the way to Allah. A Perfect Murshid saves them from the satanic illusions and distractions of the nafs (the baser self) and all the other obstacles. Now, the above mentioned verse may be translated as “O’ believers find the Perfect Murshid and guide to reach Allah.”
"Satan forbids you to (join the way of) Faqr (as it will take you close to Allah) and enjoins you to commit indecent acts." (Surah Al Baqra-268)
So the Seeker of Allah needs a Murshid together with the Zikr and Tasawur-e-Ism-e-Allah Zaat. Our Holy Prophet Sall'Allahu Alayhi Wa’alihi Wasallam said: "Find a guide first and then set on a journey."
Hazrat Sakhi Sultan Bahoo Rehmat-ul-Allah Alayh says:
"Allah is concealed in the being of man just as the actual fruit is hidden inside the peal. Only a spiritual mentor can make it possible for a devout to find spiritual presence before Allah and be blessed with His closeness and splendid sight. Then the devout is never separated from Allah, whether it is this world of material life or the eternal world." (Noor-ul-Huda)
"The Murshid, like a shady tree, endures the severity of weathers himself and provides shade and comfort to those sitting under it. The Murshid should be against the comforts and luxuries of this world which stops the Seeker from the way to Allah, and should be a friend of Allah and His religion. While the Seeker should trust him and should not hesitate to sacrifice his wealth and life for his Murshid. The Murshid should be like a messenger of Allah and the Seeker should be like a friend of Allah." (Ain-ul-Faqr) | WIKI |
Page:Tragical history of George Barnwell (2).pdf/20
You will perceive what a blank there is in my affections. If the glow of ſocial feeling is ever more to warm my frozen breaſt it muſt be kindled by your's. Adieu. May you never feel the torture that racks the boſom of Mental." The narrative ran thus:
"Among others who viſited at our cottage was & celebrated Painter of that day. He had a perſon of manly beauty and his converſe was captivating. We delighted in the company of Mr Linmore, and he ſeemed to receive an equal ſatisfaction in our's. —— His paintings were the ornaments of our room, and the marks of his favor in our company. We paſſed a year in the utmoſt bliſs I ever ſaw on earth. —— In the courſe of this period Mr. Nutting died and ſmitten with the injuſtice of poſſeſſing a fortune which Elinor's conduct had beſtowed on him. on his deathbed made a will, by which ſhe regained her right, and we became completely independent. —— My little Elinor was now three years old, and my happineſs appeared complete. ———— But clouds ſoon darkened the ſunſhine of proſperity. Know then, that the ſpecious moraliſt, Linmore, proved himſelf a villain. He came to our dwelling and found peace, innocence and love: he ſaw as fond a pair as nature ever deſigned for each other; what then was that principle, that could excite the vile deſign to mar ſuch bliſs? Oh what a void I felt in my breaſt, when ſuſpicion pointed to Ellinor's diſhonour. Start now, my jealouſy was well founded: virtue was ſubdued. and vice triumphant! One fatal day, pretending ſome hours' abſence. I concealed at home. I ſaw her enter the chamber, and in a few monents Linmore followed. All the powers of reaſon fled: my hand inſtinctively graſped a dagger that was near me; I ruſhed into the room. and aiming a juſt reward at the ſeducer's heart, he ſhrunk from my vengeance, and it fell on the poor loſt | WIKI |
Exploring Iguape Virus—A Lesser-Known Orthoflavivirus
Marielena V. Saivish, Maurício L. Nogueira, Shannan Rossi, Nikos Vasilakis
Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review
Abstract
Brazil has earned the moniker “arbovirus hotspot”, providing an ideal breeding ground for a multitude of arboviruses thriving in various zoonotic and urban cycles. As the planet warms and vectors expand their habitat range, a nuanced understanding of lesser-known arboviruses and the factors that could drive their emergence becomes imperative. Among these viruses is the Iguape virus (IGUV), a member of the Orthoflavivirus aroaense species, which was first isolated in 1979 from a sentinel mouse in the municipality of Iguape, within the Vale do Ribeira region of São Paulo State. While evidence suggests that IGUV circulates among birds, wild rodents, marsupials, bats, and domestic birds, there is no information available on its pathogenesis in both humans and animals. The existing literature on IGUV spans decades, is outdated, and is often challenging to access. In this review, we have curated information from the known literature, clarifying its elusive nature and investigating the factors that may influence its emergence. As an orthoflavivirus, IGUV poses a potential threat, which demands our attention and vigilance, considering the serious outbreaks that the Zika virus, another neglected orthoflavivirus, has unleashed in the recent past.
Original languageEnglish (US)
Article number960
JournalViruses
Volume16
Issue number6
DOIs
StatePublished - Jun 14 2024
Keywords
• arbovirus
• mosquito-borne virus
• orthoflavivirus
• transmission cycles
ASJC Scopus subject areas
• Infectious Diseases
• Virology
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The Rig Veda/Mandala 8/Hymn 4
1. THOUGH, Indra, thou art called by men eastward and westward, north and south, Thou chiefly art with Anava and Turvasa, brave Champion I urged by men to Come. 2. Or, Indra, when with Ruma, Rusama, Syavaka, and Krpa thou rejoicest thee, Still do the Kanvas, bringing praises, with their prayers, O Indra, draw thee hither: come. 3. Even as the wild-bull, when he thirsts, goes to the desert's watery pool, Come hither quickly both at morning and at eve, and with the Kanvas drink thy fill. 4. May the drops gladden thee, rich Indra, and obtain bounty for him who pours the juice. Soma pressed in the mortar didst thou take and drink, and hence hast won surpassing might. 5. With mightier strength he conquered strength, with energy he crushed their wrath. O Indra, Strong in youth, all those who sought the fray bent and bowed down to thee like trees. 6. He who wins promise of thine aid goes girt as with a thousand mighty men of war. He makes his son preeminent in hero might - he serves with reverential prayer. 7. With thee, the Mighty, for our Friend, we will riot fear or feel fatigue. May we see Turvasa and Yadu: thy great deed, O Hero, must be glorified. 8. On his left hip the Hero hath reclined himself: the proffered feast offends him not. The milk is blended with the honey of the bee: quickly come hither, baste, and drink. 9. Indra, thy friend is fair of form and rich in horses, cars, and kine. He evermore hath food accompanied by wealth, and radiant joins the company. 10. Come like a thirsty antelope to the drinking-place: drink Soma to thy heart's desire. Raining it down, O Maghavan, day after day, thou gainest thy surpassing might. 11. Priest, let the Soma juice flow forth, for Indra longs to drink thereof. He even now hath yoked his vigorous Bay Steeds: the Vrtra-slayer hath come near. 12. The man with whom thou fillest thee with Soma deems himself a pious worshipper. This thine appropriate food is here poured out for thee: come, hasten forward. drink of it, 13. Press out the Soma juice, ye priests, for Indra borne upon his car. The pressing-stones speak loud of Indra, while they shed the juice which, offered, honours him. 14. To the brown juice may his dear vigorous Bay Steeds bring Indra, to our holy task. Hither let thy Car-steeds who seek the sacrifice bring thee to our drink-offerings. 15. Pusan, the Lord of ample wealth, for firm alliance we elect. May he with wisdom, Sakra! Looser! Much-invoked! aid us to riches and to seed. 16. Sharpen us like a razor in the barber's hands: send riches thou who settest free. Easy to find with thee are treasures of the Dawn for mortal man whom thou dost speed. 17. Pusan, I long to win thy love, I long to praise thee, Radiant God. Excellent Lord, 'tis strange tome, no wish have I to sing the psalm that Pajra sings. 18. My kine, O Radiant God, seek pasture where they will, my during wealth, Immortal One. Be our protector, Pusan! be, most liberal Lord, propitious to our gathering strength. 19. Rich was the gift Kurunga gave, a hundred steeds at morning rites. Among the gifts of Turvasas we thought of him, the opulent, the splendid King. 20. What by his morning songs Kanva, the powerful, hath, with the Priyamedhas, gained- The herds of sixty thousand pure and spotless kine, have I, the Rsi, driven away. 21. The very trees were joyful at my coming: kine they obtained in plenty, steeds in plenty. | WIKI |
Page:Modern Russian Poetry.djvu/182
156
And it passed by the sea-shore, where the foam-laces flower, Where the city barouches only rarely are seen. . . . There the queen played her Chopin in the high palace tower, And there, listening to Chopin, the young page loved the queen.
And what passed there was simple, and what passed there was charming: The fair page cut the pomegranate as red as her dreams, Then the queen gave him half thereof, with graces disarming, She outwearied and loved him in sonata-sweet themes.
Then she gave herself stormily, till night shut her lashes. Till the sunset the queen lay, there she slept as a slave. . . . And it passed by the sea-shore where the turquoise wave washes, Where sonatas are singing and where foam frets the wave. | WIKI |
Sammy Wilson (footballer, born 1937)
Samuel J. Wilson (30 November 1936 – 30 October 2022) was a Northern Irish footballer who played as a forward.
Career
Born in Dromore, County Down on 30 November 1936, Wilson played for Crusaders, Glenavon, Falkirk, Dundee and Coleraine. He also earned twelve caps for the Northern Ireland national team.
Wilson later became a farmer, auctioneer and estate agent. | WIKI |
The Ultimate Diamond Hands test is About to Come...
from:
[https://www.reddit.com/r/Superstonk/comments/nt8t9n/rip\_uleavemeanon\_where\_are\_the\_shares\_part\_3/](https://www.reddit.com/r/Superstonk/comments/nt8t9n/rip_uleavemeanon_where_are_the_shares_part_3/)
Almost $500 billion in GME was sold in January. Of all the *concentrated*,*particular stocks* in January's madness - GME sold the highest dollar amount by $496 billion. Second was \[Movie Stock\], at $4b. \[Movie stock\] has since surpassed its January peak by over 350%. Just saying.
​
My take:
1. It confirms my bias
2. Clearly shows how BIG the real underlying issue is. In my humble opinion as an investor, the moment the real MOASS happens, we will see the stock market sink to the 50%-60% level. I will use that as my indication that finally it is happening.
3. That this is, like in 2008 with MBS, a systemic issue, that once it breaks it will produce massive disruptions. In 2008, everyone thought they discovered a secret formula for perpetual profits, it failed. The era of 2008-2020 the "perfect formula" is the HFT and all these little abusive exploits (naked shorting, FTD, T+ cycles, etc etc) that went into steroids thanks to the insane amounts of money, leverage, speed, algorithms, etc
​
Sincerely, when this breaks loose, it will be like you are in a ship at sea in the middle of the worst storm of a decade, it will swing up and down in huge waves, all those HFT and algos trying to save themselves and pushing prices up and down.
Imagine for a moment GME going to 1623$ in a couple of days, then running back down to 815$ the next day... then UP and Down Up and Down,
That will be the ultimate Diamond Hands Test, the will be shaking the banana tree, so make sure that your objectives are set and that you know your floor.
Again, this is not financial advise, and I can only vouch for my own idea of how I will psychologically manage myself through this but since you are insisting in knowing here is my formula:
90% I have already relieved myself from the stress of "when" to sell, because I will NOT
10% I will AFTER I see the following happening: a) The stock market has crashed 50-60% b) GME is basing at some absurd number in the with at least 6 zeroes ( could be 1 , 2, 10 ,20 ,40 ,50 million) I do not know where it will be, but all i know is that it will be OBVIOUS.
Last but not least, the REAL Problem is going to be YOU (ME, the Ape).
We have at this point in time discussed in massive depth all the reasons WHY WE ARE RIGHT,
BUT
we have yet to look into ourselves and understand our psychology about all this.
I spent some time years ago going to a Trading Psychologist to help myself with my trading, because believe it or not ,
IT WAS EASY FOR ME TO HOLD ON TO MY LOSERS THAN TO MY WINNERS.
For this I would like to share a video that I think everyone needs to watch:
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LO9Jpv-OXmc&t=1388s](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LO9Jpv-OXmc&t=1388s)
When things are going bad, HOPE kicks in and we are like strongholds, but as soon as we start seeing 1000$ 100000$ 200000$ and 1000000000$ numbers, the stress will build up.
YOU NEED TO LEARN HOW TO COPE WITH IT!
​
Anyways, again, not financial advise, I cannot tell you when to sell, specially when I myself plan NOT TO, so that I DO NOT CUT MY WINNERS SHORT.
Thanks for your time and of course OBLIGATORY: Diamond Hands, ROCKET, MOON! | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
User:J39m
I'm a pianist (in the loosest sense of the word) who's been at it for nine years now. I like Wikiversity and I want to share my knowledge, so I'll be making as many contributions as I can to the subject of the Piano.
Owing to personal issues with Wikis in general, though, I will probably not be very active. | WIKI |
Hungarian central bank's new swaps attract big demand from banks
BUDAPEST, Jan 28 (Reuters) - The Hungarian central bank’s new interest rate swaps attracted huge demand from commercial banks on Thursday, with bids totalling 618 billion forints ($2.15 billion), more than three times the central bank’s offer. The central bank offered 200 billion forints worth of new three-year interest rate swaps conditional on lending activity for banks at the first tender of this instrument. It accepted all bids. The National Bank of Hungary has already cemented its base rate at a record low of 1.35 percent. It wants banks to lend more to businesses to boost the slowing economy, and the new swaps encourage banks to increase their stock of loans to small and medium sized firms. ($1 = 287.2200 forints) (Reporting by Krisztina Than and Sandor Peto) | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 106 Part 3.djvu/584
106 STAT. 2378 PUBLIC LAW 102-484—OCT. 23, 1992 (b) RELOCATION OF CERTAIN ACTIVITIES TO ROCK ISLAND ARSENAL.— The Secretary of Defense shall ensure that the Systems Integration Management Activity and the Depot Systems Command are relocated to Rock Island Arsenal, Illinois, in accordance with the recommendations dated July 1, 1991, of the Defense Base Closure and Realignment Commission established under section 2902 of the Defense Base Closure and Realignment Act of 1990 (part A of title XXIX of Public Law 101-510; 10 U.S.C. 2687 note). This provision shall apply notwithstanding any other provision of law which directly or indirectly affects such relocation. SEC. 352. LIMITATIONS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF DEPOT-LEVEL MAINTENANCE OF MATERIEL. (a) LIMITATION.— Section 2466(a) of title 10, United States Code, is amended to read as follows: "(a) PERCENTAGE LIMITATION.— (1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), the Secretary of a military department and, with respect to a Defense Agency, the Secretary of Defense, may not contract for the performance by non-Federal Government personnel of more than 40 percent of the depot-level maintenance workload for the military department or the Defense Agency. "(2) The Secretary of the Army shall provide for the performance by employees of the Department of Defense of not less than the following percentages of Army aviation depot-level maintenance workload: "(A) For fiscal year 1993, 50 percent. "(B) For fiscal year 1994, 55 percent. "(C) For fiscal year 1995, 60 percent.". (b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT. — Section 2466(c) of such title is amended by striking out "The Secretary of the Army, with respect to the Department of the Army, and the Secretary of the Air Force, with respect to the Department of the Air Force," and inserting in lieu thereof 'The Secretary of the military department concerned and, with respect to a Defense Agency, the Secretary of Defense". (c) REPORT. —Section 2466(e) of such title is amended— (1) by inserting "(1)" after "REPORTS. — "; and (2'^ by adding at the end the following: "(2) Not later than January 15, 1994, the Secretary of each military department and the Secretary of Defense, with respect to the Defense Agencies, shall jointly submit to Congress a report described in paragraph (1).". 10 USC 2466 (d) EFFECT OF AMENDMENTS ON EXISTING CONTRACTS. —The Secretary of a military department and the Secretary of Defense, with respect to the Defense Agencies, may not cancel a depotlevel maintenance contract in enect on the date of the enactment of this Act in order to comply with the requirements of section 2466(a) of title 10, United States Code, as amended by subsection (a). SEC. 353. REQUIREMENT OF COMPETITION FOR THE PERFORMANCE OF WORKLOADS PREVIOUSLY PERFORMED BY DEPOT- LEVEL ACTIVITIES OF THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE. (a) COMPETITION REQUIREMENT.— Chapter 146 of title 10, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new section: note.
� | WIKI |
Why NIO Stock Is Moving Higher Today
What happened
Shares of Chinese electric-vehicle maker NIO (NYSE: NIO) were moving higher on Thursday morning. Investors are looking ahead to the company's annual NIO Day, set for Saturday, when it is expected to reveal a new sedan model and longer-range battery packs.
As of 10:15 a.m. EST, NIO's American depositary shares were up about 5.2% from Wednesday's closing price.
So what
NIO Day is the company's annual party for its customers and fans, typically held a few weeks before the Chinese New Year. In addition to live music and assorted festivities, NIO uses the occasions to reveal new models and provide updates on its technologies.
Here's what NIO has told us to expect at this year's edition:
A new sedan model, likely a production version of the ET Preview concept car that NIO showed in 2019.
A new 150 kilowatt-hour (kWh) battery pack that will be an option on the new sedan. I expect that -- like the 100 kWh pack NIO introduced in November -- it will also fit into existing NIOs, offering owners the option to upgrade to a longer-range pack.
New driver-assist technologies. (NIO has described its new system as "autonomous," but auto investors should note that word is used somewhat more freely in China than in the U.S. It's likely that NIO's new system will fall short of true Level 4 self-driving, but we might be surprised.)
Anticipation around those announcements is probably helping the stock move up today.
NIO's new sedan is likely to closely resemble the ET Preview concept car, shown in 2019. Image source: NIO.
Now what
There may be a surprise or two at NIO Day. One possibility: Chinese auto-industry news site Yuguan Auto Market reported that NIO has signed a deal with battery giant Contemporary Amperex Technologies, or CATL, to buy lithium iron phosphate batteries.
Lithium iron phosphate batteries were largely superseded for most electric-vehicle applications by ternary lithium batteries several years ago, but they've recently gained popularity with upscale EV makers in China as a lower-cost option. Battery packs using lithium iron phosphate cells are less energy-dense than ternary batteries, meaning they're heavier and offer less range, but they also cost less to produce.
A couple of NIO's direct rivals -- XPeng and Tesla, in some of its China-market models -- have begun offering lower-cost models with lithium iron phosphate batteries. It's possible that NIO plans to follow the same path.
If so, that might be incrementally bullish for the company's sales. We'll learn more on Saturday.
10 stocks we like better than NIO Inc.
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David and Tom just revealed what they believe are the ten best stocks for investors to buy right now... and NIO Inc. wasn't one of them! That's right -- they think these 10 stocks are even better buys.
See the 10 stocks
*Stock Advisor returns as of November 20, 2020
John Rosevear has no position in any of the stocks mentioned. The Motley Fool owns shares of and recommends Tesla. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Dart package to build websites
Features
Jhoo can help you create pure dart web apps with flutter like syntax
Getting started
Start by importing the package
import 'package:jhoo/jhoo.dart';
import 'package:jhoo/src/elements/elementTree/tree.dart';
Use createPage() inside main method to create a new HTML page, provide pageName and element to the createPage() method.
void main() {
createPage(pageName: "Home Page", body: HomeElement());
}
pageName is the tile of the html document and body takes the dom element that will be attached to the body of the html document.
You can create dom elements by extending StatefulElement and you can @override build() method to return DomElement.
Here, HomeElement creates 3 Text element, which is 3 'p' html element with their respective id and text.
class HomeElement extends StatefulElement {
@override
DomElement build() {
return Row(children: [
Text(id: "t1", text: "Welcome to HomePage"),
Text(id: "t2", text: "This is second element"),
Text(id: "t3", text: "This is thrid Element")
]);
}
}
Usage
/example contains a sample web app built with Jhoo package, it will demonstrate how you can dynamically update the UI using StreamBuilder from Jhoo.
Additional information
Jhoo package is in it's early stages and not stable, it's under developement. Please feel to share your ideas and contribution.
run dart pub get to fix all errors after cloning the package
Libraries
jhoo | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Poems and ballads (IA balladspoems00swinrich).pdf/27
If any place for any soul there be, Disrobed and disentrammelled; if the might, The fire and force that filled with ardent light The souls whose shadow is half the light we see, Survive and be suppressed not of the night; This hour should show what all day hid from me.
Night knows not, neither is it shown to day, By sunlight nor by starlight is it shown, Nor to the full moon's eye nor footfall known, Their world's untrodden and unkindled way. Nor is the breath nor music of it blown With sounds of winter or with winds of May.
But here, where light and darkness reconciled Hold earth between them as a weanling child | WIKI |
Weightless (Wet Wet Wet song)
"Weightless" is a pop song by Scottish group Wet Wet Wet. It is the second single lifted from their comeback album, Timeless. Released on 4 February 2008, it reached number 10 on the UK Singles Chart, becoming their first single to chart inside the UK top 10 since 1997. However, the following week it fell to number 96, making it the first-ever top 10 hit to spend just one week in the UK top 75. In Scotland, the song debuted at number one, becoming the band's second single to do so after "Love Is All Around" in 1995. The next week, it did not make as big as a fall as it did on the UK Singles Chart, dropping to number 29. It spent three more weeks on the chart before leaving.
Track listings
Standard CD single 1
* 1) Weightless (Single Mix)
* 2) Beautiful Girl
Standard CD single 2
* 1) Weightless (Single Mix)
* 2) Give It All Away
* 3) Stay
DVD Single
* 1) Weightless (Single Mix)
* 2) Weightless (5.1 Remix)
* 3) Weightless promo video
* 4) Too Many People promo video
* 5) Exclusive video footage | WIKI |
Hong Kong March retail sales rise 11.4 pct yr/yr
May 3, 2018 / 8:41 AM / Updated 19 minutes ago Hong Kong March retail sales rise 11.4 pct yr/yr Reuters Staff 2 Min Read May 3 (Reuters) - March retail sales data (percent change from a year earlier): 2018 2017 March Feb Jan Dec Nov Oct Value 11.4 29.9^ 4.2 5.8 7.6 3.9 Volume 10.0 28.3^ 2.3 4.3 7.0 3.6 ^ Revised CONTEXT: -- In the first quarter of 2018, the value of sales rose by 7.6 percent, seasonally adjusted, from the preceding three months, while the provisional estimate of the volume of total retail sales increased by 6.2 percent. COMMENTARY: -- A government spokesman indicated that retail sales sustained a double-digit year-on-year increase in March, buttressed by the upbeat local consumer sentiment under generally favourable economic conditions and the continued appreciable increase in visitor arrivals. -- The outlook for retail sales should stay sanguine in the near term, given positive employment and earnings prospects and buoyant inbound tourism, the spokesman added. LINK: -- To view the full details of retail sales data, see the Hong Kong government website at bit.ly/2JNoZBT (Reporting by Twinnie Siu in HONG KONG; Editing by Jacqueline Wong) | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
User:Lynneva-Claire
I am Lynneva-Claire. Awesome name, isn't it! Yeah................ I am not telling you where I live or how old I am or what my hobbies are because you probably don't care and it is not safe to give out personal info on the internet. | WIKI |
Talk:Sati (practice)
Unsourced material in "The Enforcement of India's 1987 Sati Law" section
There is a lot of unsourced material in this section. There are also speculative and/or subjective statements, such as "...unless immediate countermeasures are taken at many levels, the prevalence of Sati in these locations is likely to continue and may even occur more frequently," and "The society viewed it as an honour to deny a woman her rights because she is "dependant" on her husband..."
Someone should either clean up this section or removed the unsourced material. If nothing happens and no one replies here, I will delete the unsourced material myself in a few days. Indigotwelve (talk) 20:24, 16 June 2023 (UTC)
* Done Indigotwelve (talk) 03:50, 26 June 2023 (UTC)
* Bokka 2409:408C:5E80:6054:0:0:30CB:5504 (talk) 12:21, 1 March 2024 (UTC)
Self-contradictory article
Info under the headings "Origins and Spread" vs "History" contradict each other. Info is divided into 2 separate chapters for no reason and thus out of order. Should be reordered into 1 section (History). — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A02:1812:1126:5D00:C8E1:6C83:9962:178A (talk) 11:22, 10 January 2024 (UTC)
Reverted Rigveda content
@Hig4ness- please discuss your edit here and provide a good reliable source for it. Your previous edit (now reverted) had removed sourced content and had added content with unreliable sources. Ujwal.Xankill3r (talk) 04:20, 10 May 2024 (UTC) | WIKI |
Wikipedia talk:Welcome, newcomers
Why is my editing "edited"?
RyuuMajin Currently I edited Sakura Kasugano with the ending facts. I played that game, and that's official. Is it something woring with that? Just need a clarification. Thanks.
HOW DO YOU MAKE AN IMAGE SMALLER?????
FRUSTRATED NEWBIE
"There are a lot of Ph.D.s and graduate students and other very smart and knowledgeable people at work here--but everyone is welcome. "
I dislike this sentence in the welcome article. It seems to place a premium on formal education. Much human knowledge is distributed diffusely outside of academia's ivory towers and fairly restricted peer publishing. Anybody have ideas for better wording? mirwin 14:08 Aug 17, 2002 (PDT)
* That exact sentence also appears twice. -- Tzartzam 20:41 Sep 8, 2002 (UTC)
Well, there should be a premium placed on education, formal or otherwise. People who write for encyclopedias should know stuff. Education tends to make people educated--emphasis on the word "tends." Frankly, Wikipedia needs all the educated people it can get.
* ...and so it depends on what you define as "education." And I'm not talking about "the University of Life." Education need not take place in colleges and universities. -- Tzartzam 20:41 Sep 8, 2002 (UTC)
* Nobody's arguing with that.
* Yes, people who edit encyclopedias should know something. If you can find me somebody, anybody, who doesn't know something, then I'll be very impressed. Even people who know nothing can help, though - fixing typos, for example. I've removed the sentence. Martin 21:13 8 Jul 2003 (UTC)
I would suggest that the type of education needed differs on the particulars of the article being created/revised. An article on cuneiform writing would benefit greatly from the work of an archaeologist or renowned professor; whereas an article on modern architectural techniques could be appreciably enhanced by the writings of a welder. Also, human experience being what it is, an article on the benefits of prosthetics might be better written by an ex-taxicab driver who was injured in an accident and is fitted with an artificial leg than by professor from UCLA.
The true question is the long-term scope of wikipedia. If it is to mirror the Encyclopedia Britannica or Encyclopaedia Universalis, then indeed scholars are our targets. But if instead it is to expand into a true reflection of mankind's knowledge, then the man on the street is our target. I personally believe the latter to be a more worthy goal; one that will make WP (WikiPedia) indispensible in the decades to come, simply because the breadth of knowledge it will encompass will be enormously greater than that of any printable encyclopedia.
Besides, printable encyclopedias cannot hyperlink, and have a hard time staying current.
This originally appeared here. It was suggested that I move it this article, but I am leaving it for someone else to in corporate into the article or another related page. --Two Halves
Note to Newcomers:
There are some people who work on the Wikipedia who are not polite. You might say that they are mean and rude. You would do well to ignore their coarseness, even when their criticisms of your writing are valid. Cruel comments should not deter you from trying to make the Wikipedia the best Free Encyclopedia in existence. If you might be one of these rude people, you might consider the effect of what you are saying to others.
Where do I ask questions about Special pages that aren't editable and don't have a Talk page? (Special:Wantedpages ) -- Timwi 12:53 15 Jun 2003 (UTC)
* village pump, or here... what did you want to know? Martin 14:31 15 Jun 2003 (UTC)
* Guess my hinting at Special:Wantedpages wasn't clear enough. This page displays as a character jungle on my machine. If a sysop could fix that, or even generate a new up-to-date version, I'd be much obliged :) -- Timwi 22:36 15 Jun 2003 (UTC)
* All fixed now. Problem was that a sysop had edited directly most wanted articles - which they shouldn't do... Martin
* You can ask at Wikipedia talk:Special pages. Angela 07:16, 23 Nov 2003 (UTC)
* You may also want to have a look at the Wikipedia FAQ collection.
* The village pump is where people ask and answer general questions. If you would like to see how we resolve disputes, try Votes for deletion or problem users. We try to keep everyone calm, but, there are times and subjects that people take very seriously. Writing on a controversial topic is one way to encounter all of this head-on at once.
The above is from Wikipedia, where it was meant to be guidance for newcomers.
About the rewrite: Martin, this looks really fine and is probably more newbie-friendly, but shouldn't the GFDL be mentioned on the page (I think it was in the earlier version)? Kosebamse 20:47 8 Jul 2003 (UTC)
* Hmm - good point. I saved the text in notepad, so I'll cut it back in (unless anyone beats me to it). Thanks! :) Martin
Yaron Livne from Israel: I think it is really weird, it means that right now I can come here and write nonsences, like: !@#!@$!@523542; right? anyway: this place really helped me in some research (in history) but only after, when I realized what it means "a free encyclopedia" I now hope that I can relly on this information... and also what will happen if someone decides to erase everything I red about the Ostrogoths and the Roman empire for example.. it won't be here anymore... someone has worked hard for writing it.. and it can easily go away... I hope someone is saving all the info around here...
* Hi, Livne - I added a link to replies to common objections to the page - does this help? Martin
welcome committee
Hey folks. Recently a new user showed up, created a "vanity page," and spent a while fussing over whether it was going to be deleted. I talked with him a bit, and got the impression that he was doing that because he didn't really know what else to do. He was willing to contribute but didn't know where.
After that experience, it occurred to me that it would useful to create a group of Wikipedians dedicated to guiding newcomers. I know that there are a number of people who make a point of posting welcome messages to new users' talk pages, but I'm talking about more than that. I mean making a project dedicated to discussion of how to better welcome newcomers and get them started working where they'll be the most help. This project would have a page somewhere (Maybe a WikiProject page or a page on meta) and a defined, if informal, membership. The ultimate goal would be to welcome newcomers, find out their interests, connect them to WikiProjects if appropriate, introduce them to veteran WikiPedians with similar interests, and maybe guide them in their early editing.
I believe this approach would be better than the current system of hoping newcomers will read guidelines, waiting for them to ask questions, and correcting their work when they screw up.
A more proactive approach would have several benefits: Comments? Isomorphic 20:10, 10 Dec 2003 (UTC)
* It would help get newcomers contributing faster and better, thus adding more good material to WikiPedia
* It would save time that people currently spend fixing work of newcomers who don't know what's going on.
* It would immerse new users in WikiPedia faster, and thus hopefully encourage a greater percentage of new users to stay.
* You know, we're usually pretty good about someone posting a "welcome to wikipedia" boilerplates, and whomever does so seems to be the newbie's first "wikifriend". I do try to do this, but I seem to be beaten 99% of the time either by Angela or Theresa_knott (lending support to my theory that they're both highly advanced, super-efficient, perlscripts). I'm beginning to think of amending my own boilerplate to be a bit clearer about autobiographies, as I think a lot of the supposed "vanity" pages are just people not knowing the difference between the main namespace and the User one. -- Finlay McWalter 20:19, 10 Dec 2003 (UTC)
* Great idea. Not sure how it would be implemented, except perhaps by having a newbie click on a selection of areas of interest that would then alert an editor with similar interests (that has volunteered to be in the position) who can serve as a "guide" in the beginning, possibly passing off to other subcommittee members. I note there are some such groups already at MetaWiki - Marshman 23:24, 10 Dec 2003 (UTC)
* Well, one implementation I'd imagined was having a page somewhere with a coded feature that showed all new accounts that have been created in, say, the last week (excluding anonymous IPs.) Also, where are such groups on meta? I haven't spent much time there. Could someone link? Isomorphic 00:12, 11 Dec 2003 (UTC)
* It might be worth anyone interested in setting up such a scheme to look at the way it works on h2g2 (technically another collaborative encyclopedia project, but also a fairly wide-ranging community). There, they(we) have a group of volunteers, known as ACEs, whose primary job is exactly this kind of encouragement/welcome. Obviously, the circumstances are very different, but the scheme is now fairly mature, so it may be interesting to investigate the tools and procedures that have been put in place. See the h2g2 ACEs page for details. - IMSoP 01:03, 11 Dec 2003 (UTC)
We could create a MediaWiki custom text (see MediaWiki namespace) where people can fill in "tasks of the day" in newbiew-friendly language. Then all people who post welcome messages could add to their boilerplace text to include the message. To avoid improper content, the page should be protected.—Eloquence
I like what I read about the H2G2 model. Anyway, I'd like to continue this discussion but suspect that Village Pump isn't the place. Is there a page somewhere on Meta? I really don't know anything much about Meta, as I'm still new here myself. Isomorphic 09:33, 11 Dec 2003 (UTC)
* How about starting one at Welcoming committee if it's going to be specific to the English Wikipedia or Welcoming committee if it applies more widely? Angela. 14:28, 11 Dec 2003 (UTC)
Maybe we should write a welcome page (Welcome to Wikipedia?). It would merge some of the information from the top of the main page, About, Utilites, as well as other useful stuff - basics on etiquette, discussion, NPOV, everything needed for a newbie to find their way around. All written in newbie friendly language, style and formatting, and not longer than a screen of text, plus judiciously chosen and nicely formatted bunch of links to further reading. Make it nice and useful enough that people keep coming back to it.
Then post a link to this on the main page, on the anonymous edit page and on the login prompt pages (as well as under "You are now logged in...") Zocky 14:07, 11 Dec 2003 (UTC)
* You do know Welcome, newcomers, right?—Eloquence
* No, I didn't. I've always assumed that "Welcome, newcomers" under "Writing articles" was a crash course in wikitax. I see that it's only linked to from the main page. How about making it more prominent - bold the link or put it on the top of the main page, into "Wikipedia is...", as well as to other places mentioned above. Zocky 15:19, 11 Dec 2003 (UTC)
Just a comment. I may not be the only person stupid enough to takes days to find my "talk" page. I thought "talk" set up a chat-room.. am used to things like an inbox being called an inbox or messages not talk. Talk does not exist on a lot of other Wikis. Also am a bloke so never read instructions (or so my wife says). I thought that user pages were the place to get messages so never saw the welcome. I wonder if, if others are as dumb, we could get a text message to appear when a user first went to their user page telling them there was a talk page was for messages to them. Ot change the link to "messages for this user" rather than discuss this page. Too late to tell them on their talk page. Anyone else want to confess to the same problem? --(talk to)BozMo 20:45, 15 May 2004 (UTC)
* Users get a message saying "You have new messages." at the top of every screen whenever they have a message, which links to their talk page, so I'm not sure a separate message is needed telling them they have a talk page before they get a message. Angela. 20:56, May 16, 2004 (UTC)
* Does this still work under the new monobook skin? --TonyW 00:52, Jun 6, 2004 (UTC)
* Have you seen Helping Hand Group which I think of as an effort to review the Wiki pages for newcomers to see which need enhancement? User:AlMac|(talk) 05:14, 29 January 2006 (UTC)
Encourage edits more
Moved from Village pump
I think my perspective as a newcomer might actually help here. The way I found wikipedia was googling "campaign finance reform". When I saw the article on campaign finance reform, I realized it didn't have much information; then I realized that it could be edited. I might never have become a wikipedian if that article had been more complete; instead, I would have just read what I needed and left. In order to capture more of these people who stumble onto wikipedia articles, we could add the following standard text to the top of all articles: 'This article is not done. To help finish it, visit About'. I think this might help get more users, who might otherwise never realize they can edit. Meelar 20:07, Dec 11, 2003
* Your suggestion that we be clearer that any visitor can edit an article is a good one, although I don't agree with your proposed text. There are many of us (but by no means all) who thing there's no such thing as a "finished" article (indeed, that's the biggest difference between wikipedia and, say, h2g2). I'd say that presenting new visitors with a flashy Hey Kids! Find out how YOU can improve this article, right now! bubble would be a great idea. -- Finlay McWalter 01:30, 12 Dec 2003 (UTC)
* The suggestion is really an important one for us to discuss. In hindsight, I realize I came to wikipedia (via google searches) many times before recognizing what wikipedia was. It really wasn't until the 20th time (or so) that it hit me that I'd seen the interface many times before, and I started to investigate. It would be really nice to have some sort of text to alert new users that they are encountering an interactive encyclopedia. Maybe it could be designed that only non-logged-in-IP-address viewers would see the message. Kingturtle 05:27, 12 Dec 2003 (UTC)
* I don't like the idea. We should keep each article looking as complete as possible, with room for expansion. Even if we miss important information, making the rest of the article look complete will make the Wikipedia be much more usable. Anyway, for stubs, we have stubnotes - they let the user know that they can add to the stub. Dysprosia 07:48, 12 Dec 2003 (UTC)
* Figuring out you can edit a WP article perhaps has some slight function as an entry test to keep out undesirables. Meelar worked it out and seems to be the sort of person we want. "YOU CAN EDIT THIS PAGE" is practically an open invitation to any moronic vandal who sees it. Anjouli 14:14, 12 Dec 2003 (UTC)
* Thank you for your suggestion and welcome to Wikipedia! This idea is interesting, but I think it needn't be implemented. There is already an Edit this page link. I don't think we need much editing from users who have visited Wikipedia only once or twice. What we need is readers and experienced writers. It is better to let editing to readers who bookmarked Wikipedia, visited it many times and are familiar with its structure, format, philosophy and look'n'feel. It should be noted that many newcomers may also vandalize some page. Best wishes, Optim 20:30, 14 Dec 2003 (UTC)
* Well.. who were the experienced writers in the first place? Well, just like this newbie. Meelar has my sympathies, since I arrived as a contributon on my first wiki just the same way. I do think however, that we needn't state it as Meelar's suggestion. My suggestion: sweeten up the stub message to be more inviting! — Sverdrup (talk) 22:25, 16 Dec 2003 (UTC)
Hallo. This place seems nice. I might stay. --user sennheiser
* I think it should be a little more obvious. Just a link that says "if you see errors or omissions on this page you can edit it." Or something to that effect. I had never thought of it keeping out undesireables by not being obvious, though. Probably a good idea, too. - <IP_ADDRESS> 23:30, 22 Jun 2004 (UTC)
Help Wanted
I'm trying to create the perfect Welcome boilerplate--will you help? jengod 00:04, Mar 6, 2004 (UTC)
* This is already at Standard user greeting. Angela. 15:54, Mar 6, 2004 (UTC)
Request for addition
May I add this to the top of the page? We do want to make our newbies feel welcome, do we not?
HHHHHH HHHHHH IIIIII YYYYYY YYYYYY AAA ■■■ HHHH HHHH IIII YYYY YYYY AAAAA ■■■ HHHH HHHH IIII YYYY YYYY AA/ \AA ■■■ HHHH HHHH IIII YYYY YYYY AA/ \AA ■■■ HHHHHHHHHHHHHH IIII YYYYYYYY AAAAAAAAAAA ■■■ HHHHHHHHHHHHHH IIII YYYYYY AAAAAAAAAAAAA ■■■ HHHHHHHHHHHHHH IIII YYYY AAA/ \AAA ■■■ HHHH HHHH IIII YYYY AAA/ \AAA ■■■ HHHH HHHH IIII YYYY AAA/ \AAA HHHH HHHH IIII YYYY AAA/ \AAA ■■■ HHHHHH HHHHHH IIIIII YYYYYY AAAAAAA AAAAAAA ■■■
- Wikipedia 22:18, 15 Mar 2004 (UTC)
It's been 4 days, and no one opposes this addition. - Woodrow 01:53, 20 Mar 2004 (UTC)
* I oppose it. It looks ugly as is, and if a user isn't using the right browser, it'll look like random junk. If a tasteful picture is made, then great. Dysprosia 02:08, 20 Mar 2004 (UTC)
* I'd oppose saying HIYA in any case. It is slang, over-familiar and likely to turn people off --BozMo|talk 11:52, 30 Jun 2004 (UTC)
Blast! - Woodrow 02:15, 20 Mar 2004 (UTC)
Here's what I have so far —
____ ____ ____ \ /\ / | | / \ / \ \ / \ / | | / / \ \ / \ / |———— | ( \ / \ / | | \ \ / \/ \/ |____ |____ \____/ \____/
- Woodrow
* Why not just make a picture, like an image, not just ASCII art? ASCII art will just not render properly on systems with differing font usages, or different resolutions, and so on. It's already messed up now - would you like to see a screenshot? Dysprosia 02:32, 20 Mar 2004 (UTC)
Please. - Woodrow 02:34, 20 Mar 2004 (UTC)
* Image:Welcome-ascii_openbsd34.jpg - it's a bit large, but I thougt it should be so you can see things properly. Dysprosia 03:10, 20 Mar 2004 (UTC)
* I see now. We should have a real picture. The question is, what sort of picture? - Woodrow 19:27, 20 Mar 2004 (UTC)
You guys may not have noticed, but the page in question is very very different now from the one you think you're talking about. <IP_ADDRESS>
* Do you mean the older talk doesn't relate to the current article? That often happens, which is why comments are usually given a date stamp which helps to show they may be old and no longer relevant. Angela. 03:21, May 21, 2004 (UTC)
User-Friendliness Problem
To put it simply, the welcome page is not very welcoming. I propose cutting this page way down and delegating its content to other pages. "Welcome, newcomers" should be less in the style of an article than it is. Each section should recieve no more than a simply-written (think "Go ahead—try it out!") one-paragraph blurb followed by a few links.
--Ldrhcp 21:55, 1 Jun 2004 (UTC)
* The Tutorial is more like that. Perhaps it's good for this page to be more detailed so it is not made obsolete by the tutorial. Angela. 18:29, 3 Jun 2004 (UTC)
The Nature of Knowledge?
My name is Ned and I'm a newbie and I wonder why so many people are so concerned about academic credentials? To paraphrase another contributor, "Everybody knows some stuf"f. Let the academics contribute the hard core facts and data. Let others contribute their own personal experience, observations and reactions. Togeteher we can build a dynamic source of information that comprises many facets: Analytical intelligence and emotional and social intelligence as well. If I can provide a sketchy outline of a theorem or hypothesis, than perhaps this might stimulate others to "connect the dots and fill in the blanks".
Don't be discouraged
As a newbie I have had the gall to add a paragraph to the main article! (Yes, my tongue is in my cheek as I type this.) I have done this because reading a paragraph like this before I started would not have put me off but would have prepared me for what I encountered. I have given one link but I am sure there are more that would be helpful. As a plea to those experienced in this, please modify what I have written and add more helpful links or perhaps create a page for the newbie in trouble and include a link to it in the paragraph. --CloudSurfer 06:29, 15 Sep 2004 (UTC)
Recent redirect of WP:Welcome, newcomers to new page WP:Introduction
Welcome, newcomers was recently redirected to a new Introduction page in an effort to streamline it and make it more user-friendly. While I admire the redirectors' intentions, I believe this change should be discussed, and consensus reached, before the established page is redirected to a much different, newer version. I have asked on Wikipedia Talk:Introduction that the redirect be reverted and discussed first. What do others think? Charm ©† 08:09, Dec 25, 2004 (UTC)
The page has been redirected a second time. As some were not happy with this change last time, and some are still not happy, I am reverting the change and starting a comprehensive discussion about our introductory pages on Wikipedia talk:Welcoming committee. Isomorphic 18:03, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
How to add a new entry?
Hello,
How does one add a new entry to Wikipedia?
* There are a few ways. The way I do it is to make a link from a related page, such as under the "See also" section. Just add the title of your new article in double brackets, like this:
* [[New article title]]
* If the link is red, just click on it and you'll be brought to a blank page to fill. If it is blue, we already have an article on that title. Maurreen 16:31, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
Removing merger flag
I am about to remove the MERGE flag from the top of the article because it seems inappropriate on two grounds:
* 1) The desirability of the merges is under discussion and there seems to be no consensus in favour of such a change.
* 2) Such text is potentially confusing for the newcomers who being directed to this page. --Theo (Talk) 15:32, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
Editing section
What happened to the "Editing" section that is being linked to by the bolded Edit this page in the lead paragraph? Evil Monkey∴Hello 21:56, 2 November 2005 (UTC)
* It appears to have disappeard somewhere around the October 14 2005 edits. I've reinsated it. Akamad 05:08, 17 November 2005 (UTC)
REQUESTING CONTACT WITH ANTI-VANDAL COMMITTEE/
I find there is a page listing me, with errors. How can I correct these errors?
Erik Beckjord, also Jon-Erik Beckjord
beckjordBeckjord 08:03, 8 December 2005 (UTC)
I think the closest thing we have to an 'anti-vandal comittee' is the WP:CVU. There's also a lot of us on IRC. -- негідний лють ( Reply 10:40, 8 December 2005 (UTC)
Disputing a Statement
"Anyone can edit, but there are advantages to creating an account if you want to contribute regularly." As I read recently on the BBC website on the issue of the imbecile who decided to have a laugh at the expense of serious Wikipedians, "The prank caused Wikipedia to change its policy so only registered users can create entries." If this is not true then the BBC should not publish fiction, and I will complain to them, but if it is then this should be re-written to reflect this. See the wiki John Seigenthaler Sr. Wikipedia biography controversy. --The1exile 22:31, 14 December 2005 (UTC)
Revamp?
This page is ugly. Shouldn't it look more like the welcome template? I will try and create a sample revamp off my user page... -Ravedave 23:08, 26 January 2006 (UTC)
The "Welcome" message...
... may be a little unclear about signing contributions. I ran across a user (User:Saxophobia) who did not note that the advice about signing was referring only to talk pages. I've notified him and removed his/her sigs from articles, but I think the welcome message could be a bit cleare in this respect. Greetings, --Janke | Talk 08:23, 27 June 2006 (UTC)
nicer message
Do you think we need to make the {(subst:welcome)} a little nicer? J-A-V-A 16:10, 30 July 2006 (UTC)
Automated welcome message?
Methink automated welcome messages save much time - Comments? Aran|heru|nar 14:01, 23 August 2006 (UTC)
* This gets discussed at Wikipedia talk:Welcoming committee and Template talk:Welcome a fair bit. Most (not all) people in these discussions feel that this is a bad idea because:
* Less personalized
* Doesn't give the newbie someone of whom he can ask questions
* If there's something we really wanted people to see, we could put it on the "create account" screen
* Since we typically don't welcome users until they have made a valid contribution currently, it means that a redlinked talk page is a sign of someone new. We wouldn't have that sign if we automated welcoming.
* Hope this helps, JYolkowski // talk 21:57, 23 August 2006 (UTC)
Automated welcoming of new user accounts
As per consensus, this bot has been withdrawn and will be removed from Requests for approval
I have designed and developed a bot that welcomes new accounts automatically. It is currently under disucssion on the Bots/Requests for approval page (see here for the discussion) and requires more input from the wider non-bot comunity. Please see:
* The full discussion and why I think it, or others, should exist on its Requests for approval subsection
* The bot's user page detailing what it does and how it works
* My talk page for other, more personal queries or comments
I appreciate all feedback and comments - it will be held in the highest regard.
Thanks very much. A le_Jrb talk 16:31, 6 September 2006 (UTC)
see also?
The page has shrunk quite a bit, but the see also section is still huge (and now x3 bigger than the article). Can I suggest you remove 90% of those links? And integrate the remainder into the prose? It feels like "The following article is a brief introduction to Wikipedia" is alluding to the See also section below it. (I'm going to bold the "introduction" link, but it should probably be made even more obvious). Thanks. --Quiddity 02:01, 28 August 2006 (UTC)
The only links I'd include, beyond what's already in the orange box, are About, and Quick guide. That's my specific suggestion ;) --Quiddity 02:14, 28 August 2006 (UTC)
* I removed a heap of them, and tried to clean up the remainder (and added Quick guide). See what you think. --Quiddity 18:58, 29 August 2006 (UTC)
* I liked this previous version:, which included helpful info on civility, ettiquite, etc. Not a dog 22:05, 29 August 2006 (UTC)
* You can add the links back too, ya know ;)
* But what about my actual points?
* the article is 1/3 the size of the "see also" section.
* the last sentence, "The following article is a brief introduction to Wikipedia." is very poorly written. 1) It's not an article. 2) It's not "following", but rather on another page.
* Anyway, I'll leave it up to the page's regular maintainers. --Quiddity 01:17, 30 August 2006 (UTC)
* Ok, I made some changes, including changing that last sentence as you noted, and redid some of the headings, since a "See also" isn't really right if there no other main content in teh first place Not a dog 17:20, 30 August 2006 (UTC)
* I like the new headings, but I still didnt feel the last sentence made sense. I've elaborated on my idea, on the page. (Though, possibly the tutorial link should be removed, as "too much too soon"?) But I was trying to get across that the "introduction" sentence needs to refer to the link itself, not to the material below it; The link was only an oblique reference, when it should have been the focus of the sentence. :) --Quiddity 02:29, 1 September 2006 (UTC)
Getting started
Cool. "Below is a brief introduction to Wikipedia" is much better than "The following article is a brief introduction . . ." I wish I'd thought of that. -- Chuck Marean 07:18, 31 August 2006 (UTC)
Severe bias towards editing
This "welcome" message is severely biased towards getting newcomers to edit. Most people arriving at Wikipedia for the first time want to know more about the encyclopedia, what it is, how large it is, what it covers and how to find what they are looking for or how to browse the site. In other words, most newcomers are readers, not editors. How can this imbalance be addressed? Carcharoth 11:15, 4 September 2006 (UTC)
* See Template talk:Please leave this line alone for a merge proposal in the works. --Quiddity 19:48, 29 September 2006 (UTC) | WIKI |
View Problem
Remove an element from a list by index
Given the list [Apple, Banana, Carrot], remove the first element to produce the list [Banana, Carrot]
ExpandDiskEdit
java 1.5 or later
list.remove(0);
ExpandDiskEdit
erlang
Result = tl(List),
ExpandDiskEdit
erlang
[_|Result] = List,
ExpandDiskEdit
erlang
N = 1, {Left, Right} = lists:split(N - 1, List), Result = Left ++ tl(Right),
ExpandDiskEdit
erlang
Result = drop(1, List),
ExpandDiskEdit
cpp C++/CLI .NET 2.0
fruit->RemoveAt(0);
ExpandDiskEdit
fsharp
let split_at list n =
let rec split_at' list' n' left right =
match list' with
| [] -> (List.rev left, List.rev right)
| x :: xs -> if n' <= n then split_at' xs (n' + 1) (x :: left) right else split_at' xs (n' + 1) left (x :: right)
split_at' list 0 [] []
// ------
let (_, right) = split_at fruit 0
ExpandDiskEdit
fsharp
let drop list n =
if n <= 0 then
list
else
let (_, right) = split_at list (n - 1)
right
// ------
let result = (drop fruit 1)
Submit a new solution for java, erlang, cpp, or fsharp
There are 22 other solutions in additional languages (clojure, csharp, fantom, go ...) | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Grange Park, Blackpool
Grange Park is a council-built estate in Blackpool, Lancashire, England. It consists of about 1,800 dwellings mostly 1940s and 1970s housing, with a population of over 6,000. It is one of the largest council estates in Lancashire, and for many years suffered from serious social disorder with a reputation within the town for crime and drugs. Following the establishment, in 1997, of a problem-oriented policing initiative the estate has seen a huge turnround resulting in a Government sustainable community award in 2005.
Geography and administration
The estate is part of the borough of Blackpool. The area is mostly urban. Grange Park is in the Blackpool North and Cleveleys constituency. Grange Park has one electoral ward, Park with two councillors.
History
The estates first housing was built in 1948, and it is the largest council populated area per head of local population in England.
For many years the estate was classed as a socially deprived area and encountered serious problems including poor image, poor educational standards, high unemployment rates, a range of social and behavioural problems and environmental dereliction. In April 1997, the Grange Park Initiative project was established to improve the estate and make it a better place to live. It began as a commitment by Bispham Police, who police the estate, to take a long term problem-oriented policing approach to the communities needs after consultations with local people, councillors and the Resident Association groups.
The Grange Park Initiative objectives when it was established were:
* 1) To improve the quality of life on the Grange Park Estate
* 2) To target criminals and those involved in nuisance and disorder
* 3) Create an environment for families
* 4) Promote partnerships
* 5) To encourage the accurate reporting and recording of crime, disorder and fear of crime
The estate's first Neighbourhood Watch scheme was set up in June 1998. On 4 July 1998, the estate celebrated its 50th anniversary with a procession and an It's a Knockout style competition on the playing fields of Grange Park Junior School.
In February 2005, Grange Park won the Deputy Prime Minister, John Prescott's Award for Sustainable Communities as part of the Government of the United Kingdom's Sustainable Communities Plan. At the award ceremony, John Prescott said of the estate, "The people of Grange Park live in one of the most deprived parts of the country...but they were determined to do something about it. Thanks to their energy and commitment, they've found new security and confidence in the place they live." Prescott also visited Grange Park during the Labour Party spring conference, spending time at the Blackpool City Learning Centre.
On 31 March 2006, Blackpool Council hosted a one-day conference "Sustainable Communities: Vision into Reality" at the Palace of Westminster where they showed how "a strong multi agency approach working closely with the community has improved life for the residents of Grange Park." In April 2007, it was revealed that crime on the estate had fallen by a further 9% in the preceding two years with the local Police Inspector, saying, "I think the drop has come as a result of a lot of hard work that has been going on over the last 10 years which is now coming to fruition."
Education
Grange Park has two primary schools, Boundary Primary School on Dinmore Avenue and Christ the King Catholic Academy on Adstone Avenue; linked with St. Mary's Catholic Academy. The town's City Learning Centre is located on Bathurst Avenue. It is a state of the art technology and resource centre which uses information technology to help local school pupils and community. It has three large training rooms as well as a professional standard broadcasting studio and radio station. The centre also has a public library and internet cafe.
Religion
Churches in the estate once include, St Michael and All Angels, Church of England on Dinmore Avenue, which was founded in 1958 and Christ the King Roman Catholic on Chepstow Road which was founded in 1949, both of which have now been demolished.
Grange Park Wildlife Haven
Grange Park has a 2 acre wildlife conservation area the Genesis Wildlife Haven, where a variety of wildlife can be seen. The area had previously been a wasteland before in 2002 which then a group of children from the local school formed by Mrs Susan Barnes "Christ the King Wildlife Support Group" cleaned up the area. A nature conservation area was created for the benefit of local school children and community. A variety of birds have been seen at the haven including blue tit, great tit, European greenfinch, blackbird, blackcap, common chaffinch, house sparrow, jay, kestrel, pied wagtail, robin, song thrush, sparrowhawk and woodpigeon. In May 2007, pupils from Christ the King school built a small pond in the haven. | WIKI |
Distribution Shader v4 - Slope Constraints Tab
From Terragen Documentation from Planetside Software
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Distribution Shader v4 - Slope Constraints Tab
Description:
The Slope Constraints tab has settings which let you control where your mask appears according to slope. You can use these settings to make the mask only appear on flatter parts of your scene, steeper parts of the scene or somewhere in between.
There is an example of using a slope constraint on the main page for this node.
You can use the 3D Preview to help you find angles to use for slope constraints. Imagine you have an area of terrain which is gently rising and then turns into a cliff. You want your mask to appear everywhere except on the cliff. You can do that like this:
1. Navigate in the 3D Preview so you can see the area of interest.
2. Wait for the 3D Preview to refine to a reasonable detail level. The more it has refined the more accurate the next step will be. If you don't need it to be really accurate just let it go to a reasonable level.
3. Now context click on the cliff face, near the point where your gently rising terrain turns into the cliff. In the context menu select the Copy Slope Angle item. This will copy the slope angle of the point in the scene where you clicked to the clipboard.
4. Paste the copied angle into the text field of the Maximum slope angle parameter.
5. Check the Limit maximum slope checkbox.
This will restrict your mask so it only appears in parts of the scene which are less steep than the cliff.
Settings:
• Limit maximum slope: Check this to turn on the maximum slope constraint. This will stop the mask appearing on areas steeper than the angle specified in the Maximum slope angle parameter.
• Maximum slope angle: This setting controls the maximum slope the mask will appear at.
• Max slope fuzzy zone: This controls the width of the fuzzy zone for the maximum slope constraint. The fuzzy zone is an area of the mask that is less steep than the maximum slope where the mask is blended. Fuzzy zones are explained in detail here.
• Limit minimum slope: Check this to turn on the minimum slope constraint. This will stop the mask appearing on areas with less slope than the angle specified in the Minimum slope angle parameter.
• Minimum slope angle: This setting controls the minimum slope the mask will appear at. It will not appear on areas flatter than this angle.
• Min slope fuzzy zone: This controls the width of the fuzzy zone for the minimum slope constraint. The fuzzy zone is an area of the mask that is steeper than the minimum slope where the mask is blended. Fuzzy zones are explained in detail here.
• Use Y for slope: (TBC) Slope is normally calculated based on the normal specified using the Slope key parameter below. This means that wherever you go on the planet/object slopes will stay the same relative to the surface. If you check this parameter then the Y value from the normal will be used instead which means the angle now becomes relative to the Y axis. As you move further from the planet origin the slope will change. This is most useful for creating global planet-wide effects. For normal situations you can ignore this setting.
• Slope key: (TBC) This popup list lets you choose different aspects of the scene to take the slope angle from. It has the following options:
• Final normal: This is the final normal computed after all displacement has happened in the scene.
• Terrain normal: This is the terrain normal, normally obtained from the last Compute Terrain node.
• Planet/object normal: This the normal from the planet or object the surface layer is attached to, after displacement has been applied.
Back to: Distribution Shader v4
A single object or device in the node network which generates or modifies data and may accept input data or create output data or both, depending on its function. Nodes usually have their own settings which control the data they create or how they modify data passing through them. Nodes are connected together in a network to perform work in a network-based user interface. In Terragen 2 nodes are connected together to describe a scene.
Context clicking shows a contextual menu. On Windows this would normally be done with a right click. On OS X this could be a control-click or a right click.
A parameter is an individual setting in a node parameter view which controls some aspect of the node.
Literally, to change the position of something. In graphics terminology to displace a surface is to modify its geometric (3D) structure using reference data of some kind. For example, a grayscale image might be taken as input, with black areas indicating no displacement of the surface, and white indicating maximum displacement. In Terragen 2 displacement is used to create all terrain by taking heightfield or procedural data as input and using it to displace the normally flat sphere of the planet. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
2009–10 Big Ten Conference men's basketball season
The 2009–10 Big Ten Conference men's basketball season marked the continuation of competitive basketball among Big Ten Conference members that began in 1904. On October 16, 2009 five schools celebrated Midnight Madness to mark the beginning of the 2009–10 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.
Michigan State, Ohio State, and Purdue ended the season tied for the conference championship with win–loss records of 14–4, followed by Wisconsin at 13–5. In the 2010 Big Ten Conference men's basketball tournament, Ohio State defeated Minnesota for the championship, and the conference named Evan Turner as the tournament's most outstanding player. The conference earned five bids to the 2010 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament by the Co-Champions, runner-up and tournament runner-up. Big Ten teams posted a 9–5 overall record including three Sweet Sixteen appearances and one Final Four appearance. Two members of the conference received invitations to play in the 2010 National Invitation Tournament (NIT), in which they posted a 2–2 record.
2010 Big Ten Conference Men's Basketball Player of the Year Evan Turner received multiple first team 2010 NCAA Men's Basketball All-Americans and National Player of the Year recognitions. Trévon Hughes, E'Twaun Moore, Kalin Lucas and Robbie Hummel also received various All-American recognitions. Moore was also recognized as an Academic All-American.
Preseason
On October 16, 2009 Illinois, Indiana, Michigan State, Michigan, and Minnesota celebrated Midnight Madness, and several other schools celebrated it in the subsequent days. Michigan State, Purdue and Michigan were ranked in the top 25 by all preseason polls. The entire 2008–09 All-Big Ten Conference first-team returned: Manny Harris MICH ; Kalin Lucas MSU ; Evan Turner OSU ; Talor Battle PSU ; and JaJuan Johnson PUR. The 24-member Big Ten media panel selected Lucas as the preseason conference player of the year, and he was joined on the first team preseason All-Big Ten team by Harris, Turner, Battle and Robbie Hummel PUR. The same media panel selected Michigan State as the preseason conference favorite followed by Purdue and Ohio State.
Various publications released their preseason predictions for conference standings and All-Big Ten teams.
Predicted Big-Ten Results
* Big Ten Media select only the top three teams
Pre-Season All-Big Ten Teams
* Preseason national polls:
Preseason watch lists
On August 19, 2009, the Wooden Award preseason watch list included eight Big Ten players. The watch list was composed of 50 players who were not transfers, freshmen or medical redshirts. The list will be reduced to a 30-player mid-season watch list in December and a final national ballot of about 20 players in March. On October 29, the Naismith College Player of the Year watch list of 50 players was announced. In late February, a shorter list of the Top 30 was compiled in preparation for a March vote to narrow the list to the four finalists.
In season honors
Throughout the conference regular season, the Big Ten offices named a player of the week each Monday.
* Players of the week
Regular season
The season opened with the Big Ten Conference holding the leadership with six teams ranked among the preseason top 25 in both the AP Poll and the Coaches' Poll, setting a new conference record for the most teams ranked to open a season. The season also opened with the entire 2008–09 first team All-Big Ten players returning. Both Manny Harris (November 14) and Evan Turner (November 9) recorded triple doubles in the opening week of the season marking the first times a Big Ten player has accomplished the feat since January 13, 2001. Six of the eleven conference teams started at least one freshman. The following week, three schools (Michigan State, Illinois and Iowa) participated in ESPN's Tuesday, November 17 24-hour hoops marathon across its family of networks (ESPN, ESPN2, ESPNU & ESPN360). Michigan State's Magic Johnson and Jud Heathcote were inducted into the National Collegiate Basketball Hall of Fame on November 22. With his 341st victory, Tom Izzo became Michigan State's all-time leader in basketball coaching victories. Turner became the second player in conference history to be named conference player of the week three weeks in a row. On November 28, both Ohio State and Michigan State scored 100 points, marking the first time two conference teams have done so since December 22, 1997.
* November
For the second time in the season, two teams scored 100 points on the same night on December 5. For the first time in eleven attempts, the Big Ten won the ACC – Big Ten Challenge. In his 275th game, Bo Ryan reached the 200-win milestone with Wisconsin Badgers men's basketball. In the same week, Tom Crean raised his record to 200-–125. The Big Ten entered intraconference play tied with the Big East Conference by having five ranked teams. Northwestern entered conference play on its longest winning streak in 16 years (9), and Purdue reached the 11–0 mark for the second time and had a perfect record at the end of December for the first time since the 1936–37 season.
* December
Purdue ran its record to 14–0 to start the season, which tied the Glenn Robinson-led 1993–94 Purdue Boilermakers for the best start in school history. Four Big Ten athletes (Talor Battle, Harris, Trevon Hughes and Lucas) were named as finalists for the 2010 Bob Cousy Award to lead all conferences. Harris, Lucas, Robbie Hummel and Turner were also selected Midseason Top 30 finalists for the 2010 John Wooden Award. On January 12, Hummel and Turner became only the third pair of opposing Big Ten players to post 30 points against each other in one night. Michigan State established a new school record by winning its first eight conference games and extended the streak to nine by the end of the month.
* January
On February 8 Turner recorded his fifth Conference Player of the Week award and eighth of his career surpassing the former conference record held by Glenn Robinson and Jim Jackson, who each had seven career and tied Robinson's single-season record with five. Two weeks later he set the single-season record with his sixth recognition when he averaged 24.5 points, 8.5 rebounds and 5.5 assists against two ranked opponents (No. 4 Purdue and at No. 11 Michigan State). Three Big Ten players made the February Top 30 midseason Naismith College Player of the Year watch list: Hummel, Lucas and Turner. Hummel and Turner were selected among the 16 finalists for the 2010 Oscar Robertson Trophy.
* February
Turner was selected as one of six finalists for the Bob Cousy Award. Lucas, Hummel and Turner were included on the final 26-man ballot for the Wooden Award.
* March
The Big Ten led the nation in average attendance with 12,591. Other top-5 conferences were SEC (11,770), Big 12 (11,214), Big East (11,014) and ACC (10,713). 334 Division I schools competed in basketball and the Big Ten had several of the top schools in attendances: Wisconsin (6th, 17,230), Indiana (11th 15,296), Illinois (12th, 14,870), Michigan State (13th, 15,759), Ohio State (16th, 14,181) and Purdue (20th 13,681).
Rankings
During the season, seven of the Big Ten teams received enough votes to be ranked and an eight team received voted during several weekly polls. Michigan State and Purdue were ranked during every weekly poll during the season.
Tournaments
Big Ten teams emerged victorious in the following tournament: *Although these tournaments include more teams, only 4 play for the championship.
ACC–Big Ten Challenge
The Big Ten Conference won the 11th annual ACC – Big Ten Challenge for the first time in the challenge's history.
Conference play
The 2009–10 season marked the third consecutive year that every Big Ten men's basketball conference regular-season and tournament game was nationally televised. In excess of 100 games appeared nationally on CBS, ESPN, ESPN2 or the Big Ten Network every Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Saturday and Sunday during conference play beginning on December 29. All ten games of the March 11 – 14, 2010 Big Ten Conference men's basketball tournament were nationally televised.
With an eighteen-game in-conference schedule, each team met eight teams twice (home and away) and the two other teams only once. The following were the one-time meetings for this season.
Conference honors
Two sets of conference award winners were recognized by the Big Ten - one selected by league coaches and one selected by the media.
All-Big Ten Academic team
The Big Ten Conference had 33 men's basketball letterwinners who were in at least their second academic year at their institution and who maintained a cumulative grade point average (GPA) of 3.0 or higher during the winter semester to earn Big Ten Academic All-Conference honors. Purdue's Mark Wohlford who was a senior economics major had a perfect Winter GPA. These student-athletes were eligible to be named Distinguished Scholar Awardees if they maintained a 3.7 GPA for the entire academic year.
National awards
Turner was named the winner of the Oscar Robertson Trophy by the United States Basketball Writers Association as the consensus choice by voters in all nine geographical districts. Fox and Sporting News selected Turner as National Player of the Year. He was also recognized the National Association of Basketball Coaches' Division I Player of the Year and was honored as the Naismith Award recipient. In addition to his basketball honors, Turner was selected as the male Big Ten Athlete of the Year for all sports.
NABC
The National Association of Basketball Coaches announced their Division I All-District teams on March 16, recognizing the nation's best men's collegiate basketball student-athletes. Selected and voted on by member coaches of the NABC, 240 student-athletes, from 24 districts were chosen. The selection on this list were then eligible for the State Farm Coaches' Division I All-America teams announced at the 2009 NABC Convention in Detroit. The following list represented the Big Ten players chosen to the list. (All Big Ten schools are within District 7 for the 2009–10 season. )
First Team Second Team
* Kalin Lucas Michigan State
* Evan Turner Ohio State
* Demetri McCamey Illinois
* E'Twaun Moore Purdue
* Robbie Hummel Purdue
* John Shurna Northwestern
* Trévon Hughes Wisconsin
* DeShawn Sims Michigan
* Talor Battle Penn. State
* Manny Harris Michigan
USBWA
On March 9, the U.S. Basketball Writers Association released its 2009–10 Men's All-District Teams, based on voting from its national membership. There were nine regions from coast to coast, and a player and coach of the year were selected in each. The following lists all the Big Ten representatives selected within their respective regions.
District II (NY, NJ, DE, DC, PA, WV)
None Selected District V (OH, IN, IL, MI, MN, WI)
Player of the Year Coach of the Year All-District Team District VI (IA, MO, KS, OK, NE, ND, SD)
* Evan Turner, Ohio State
* Matt Painter, Purdue
* Trévon Hughes, Wisconsin
* Robbie Hummel, Purdue
* JaJuan Johnson, Purdue
* Kalin Lucas, Michigan State
* Demetri McCamey, Illinois
* E'Twaun Moore, Purdue
* Evan Turner, Ohio State
None Selected
CoSIDA
On February 4, 2010, the College Sports Information Directors of America (CoSIDA) and ESPN the Magazine selected their Academic All-Americans from throughout college basketball. CoSIDA has selected Academic All American teams since 1952. To be nominated, a student-athlete must be a starter or important reserve with at least a 3.30 cumulative grade point average (on a 4.0 scale) at his/her current institution. Nominated athletes must have participated in at least 50 percent of the team's games at the position listed on the nomination form (where applicable). No student-athlete is eligible until he has completed one full calendar year at his current institution and has reached sophomore athletic eligibility. In the cases of transfers, graduate students and two-year college graduates, the student-athlete must have completed one full calendar year at the nominating institution to be eligible. Nominees in graduate school must have a cumulative GPA of 3.30 or better both as an undergrad and in grad school. Michigan's Zack Novak was a District 4 first-team 2009 Academic All-District Men's Basketball Team selection and Purdue's E'Twaun Moore was a District 5 selection, making them 2 of the 40 finalists for the 15-man Academic All-American team. On February 22, Moore was selected as a second-team Academic All-American.
Big Ten Distinguished Scholar Award
Purdue's senior economics major Mark Wohlford was the conference's only men's basketball distinguished scholar by achieving the minimum grade-point average (GPA) of 3.7 or higher.
All-American
Sporting News selected Evan Turner as a first-team All-American and Trevon Hughes as a fifth-team All-American. Turner was also a first team selection by Associated Press (AP), Fox Sports, United States Basketball Writers Association, National Association of Basketball Coaches (NABC) and Yahoo! Sports. Yahoo! recognized E'Twaun Moore as a third-team selection and both Trevon Hughes and Kalin Lucas as honorable mentions. Fox recognized Robbie Hummel as a third-team selection, while the NABC recognized him as a second team selection. The AP recognized Moore, Hummel and Lucas as honorable mentions. As top 10 finalists for the Lowe's Senior CLASS Award, Chris Kramer (1st team) and Raymar Morgan (2nd team) were regarded as Senior All-Americans.
Big Ten tournament
Evan Turner of the champion Buckeyes was named Tournament Most Outstanding Player. He was joined on the All-Tournament team by Ohio State teammates William Buford and David Lighty, former high school teammate Demetri McCamey of Illinois and Devoe Joseph of Minnesota. Turner led Ohio State with late game heroics in the first two games and a championship game record total number of points in the finals.
NCAA tournament
In the NCAA tournament, the Big Ten Conference earned 5 invitations. These teams combined for 9 wins, and three teams reached the sweet sixteen round and Michigan State reached the final four.
National Invitation tournament
The Big Ten earned two postseason National Invitation Tournament invitations. Its teams combined for 2 wins and 2 losses, with Illinois earning both wins.
Other tournaments
The Big Ten did not have any entrants in the other post season tournaments.
2010 NBA draft
Turner was the only Big Ten player selected in the 2010 Draft. The following All-Big Ten performers were listed as seniors: Trévon Hughes, Jason Bohannon, and DeShawn Sims. The following were All-Big Ten underclassmen, who declared early with the intent to hire agents: Evan Turner and Manny Harris. Neither withdrew his name from the draft-eligible list before the May 8 deadline. The following were All-Big Ten underclassmen who entered their name in the draft but who did not hire agents and opted to return to college: Talor Battle, Mike Davis, JaJuan Johnson, Demetri McCamey, and E'Twaun Moore. | WIKI |
Yiannis Mavrou
Yiannis Mavrou (Γιάννης Μαύρου, born 19 July 1994) is a Cypriot footballer who plays as a striker for ENAD Polis Chrysochous FC.
Career
A product of the Olympiakos Nicosia academy he regularly played as a striker for the Nicosia club for two seasons, as well as for the Cyprus U21 before earning a transfer to AEL Limassol. | WIKI |
Our refrigerator and washing machines are vital to the smooth running of our home. Hi, I’m here to give you some insights on refrigerator washing machine https://fridgerepaircare.com/ repair that can save you money, time and frustration.
Understanding how to repair and troubleshoot these appliances, whether it’s a noisy washing machine or a refrigerator that leaks, can make a huge difference in your home. As an appliance maintenance expert, I’ve encountered many common problems and can offer valuable tips.
Join me on this exploration of the world of washing machines and refrigerators. I will give you practical advice on how to maintain your appliances. Let’s equip ourselves with the confidence and efficiency to carry out these repairs.
What is the importance of equipment maintenance?
It’s important to maintain home appliances like washing machines and refrigerators to ensure their optimal performance and longevity. As an appliance maintenance professional, it’s important to maintain your appliances regularly to prevent breakdowns and maximize efficiency. It’s important to know the basics of appliance maintenance, such as cleaning and checking for wear and tear.
Common problems with washing machines and refrigerators
Common problems can cause washing machines and refrigerators to malfunction. Understanding the most common problems will help you troubleshoot effectively and make timely repairs. Inconsistencies such as temperature discrepancies in refrigerators or leaks in washing machines indicate that immediate attention is needed. You can prevent further damage by identifying common problems early.
How to do simple repairs at home
As an appliance maintenance specialist, I recommend that you try to fix minor problems yourself. You don’t need any technical knowledge to do this. You can fix simple problems like a refrigerator that isn’t cooling properly or a washing machine that isn’t draining properly. Cleaning the condenser coils on the back of the refrigerator or cleaning the drain hose on your washing machine is a task that many homeowners can handle without professional help.
If the problem is simple and the solution is easily accessible, a DIY repair can save time and money. Minor problems can usually be fixed quickly by following the manufacturer’s instructions or using online tutorials. Before you begin any repair, unplug your device from the power source and proceed with caution to avoid further damage.
The signs that you need professional help
Some appliance problems can be fixed on your own, but in other cases it’s best to call a professional service. If you have a complex problem, like a refrigerator leaking coolant or a washing machine making strange noises, you should seek professional help.
Professional technicians have the tools and skills to accurately diagnose problems and safely repair appliances. If you notice signs like electrical sparks or burning smells in your appliance, leave it to the professionals. This will ensure the safety and longevity of the appliance.
Knowing when to do repairs yourself and when to seek professional help is important to ensure your appliances work efficiently and last as long as possible. You can improve the performance of your washing machines and refrigerators by being aware of the complexities.
The repair process – explained
The first step in repairing any appliance is to accurately diagnose the problem. For this to work, I recommend you first do a thorough inspection of your refrigerator or washing machine for any visible signs of trouble. You can figure out the problem by looking for leaks, strange noises, or performance irregularities. A simple visual inspection can often pinpoint the problem, allowing for a more targeted repair approach.
The necessary repair tools and parts
Having the right tools and parts is important for appliance repair. Common tools you’ll need for refrigerator and washing machine repair include a screwdriver, pliers, and a multimeter to check the electrical system. A flashlight is also a good idea for visibility. Depending on your specific problem, you may also need to replace parts such as electrical components, hoses, or seals. Having the right equipment and parts can speed up the repair process.
Step-by-step repair method
After you’ve diagnosed the problem and gathered the necessary tools and parts, it’s time to begin repairs. To ensure accuracy and efficiency, I recommend a systematized approach. To ensure safety, unplug the unit from its power source. After you’ve identified the problem, carefully disassemble the components. Note the order in which you disassembled your vehicle to make reassembly easier. Follow any instructions or manufacturer guidelines to replace or repair faulty components. Reassemble the unit and restore power, then test it for errors and make sure the repair was successful.
By admin | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
LSL To Client Communication
From Second Life Wiki
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Communication
A mechanism is needed to allow LSL scripts to talk to the viewer in order to allow implementing some interesting functionality, such as viewer UI extensions that communicate with in-world objects, for instance. Viewer to LSL communication is easily possible, by making the viewer talk on a specific channel, or use XML RPC. This may not be ideal for all cases, but it's already doable without any modifications.
What needs work is LSL to Client communication, as there currently isn't any good method in the official client for that.
Requirements
A robust mechanism should satisfy these requirements:
1. Scripts must be able to receive messages from the viewer (can be done already with chat and XML RPC)
2. Scripts must be able to reply to the viewer
3. It must be possible to communicate with multiple viewers at once without confusion
4. Order of delivery must be guaranteed (chat messages currently can be reordered)
5. Messages must be reliable
The hack below can satisfy requirements #1 to #3. Requirement #4 would require extra work (although it's doable) and is possibly best ignored, as LL mentioned the possibility of moving chat to TCP, which would automatically solve the issue.
Requirement #5 is mostly satisfied as data isn't lost, and the only problem may be with the viewer or the script disappearing, which can be dealt with by designing the proper protocol, if needed.
Hack
While there's no official solution, here's what I came up with for now:
• Client to LSL: Client speaks on a channel directly. Nothing special here.
• LSL to Client: Script uses llOwnerSay, with this format:
$VwrComm$VERSION$COMPONENT$DATA
Fields:
• VwrComm: Header, must be present
• VERSION: Protocol version
• COMPONENT: Component inside the viewer the message is for
• DATA: Data being sent. The format of the data isn't specified.
Behavior
This is how the current implementation handles the protocol:
1. Message must come from an object. Normal chat doesn't trigger it
2. String gets split by "$" and must have at least 4 tokens
3. First token must be VwrComm
4. Second token must be "0" (version number, this will change)
5. Third token matches the name of a known component.
If requirements #1 to #3 aren't satisfied, the string is passed as-is, and the code doesn't suppress its display.
If requirement #4 isn't satisfied, the text won't appear on screen, but the code won't continue further either. A message will be logged in the viewer's log, saying that a message with the wrong version was received.
If requirement #5 isn't satisfied, display is also suppressed, and a message is also logged.
If all those requirements are satisfied, the data in the message is sent to the specified part of the viewer for futher processing.
Example
$VwrComm$0$DaleGlass.AvatarScanner$LoginComplete
Implementation
Code for this can be found at [1], line 2047
Note that at the time of writing, the client isn't capable of telling the difference between object speech sent to all users (llSay/etc) and object speech sent only to the owner (llOwnerSay). It also doesn't check the speaking object's key or its owner's. This code must be fixed to obtain that information, so that the viewer can ignore messages from objects not owned by the user, when such a thing is necessary.
Protocol
The above describes the system and format for exchanging data. However, there are still a few problems to solve:
1. Multiple extensions to the viewer must be able to coexist, without conflicting with others
2. Viewer may not implement this at all, in which case the messages get displayed on screen
3. Viewer replies to the script have potential security issues
Proposed solutions:
1. See next section
2. The LSL script initiates the conversation. It sends a single request and waits for a reply. This ensures that non-supporting clients don't get flooded with protocol data.
3. During the establishment of the connection, the script chooses a random channel to listen on, and tells it to the viewer. This makes it very improbable that somebody will be able to intercept the data, as the channel will be different every time. An additional advantage is that there's no need to keep track of who uses what channel: the chance of a collision should be extremely low.
Component Naming
The COMPONENT field of the protocol specifies the name of the component inside the viewer the script wants to talk to. The data is an arbitrary ASCII string, which may not contain newlines or the $ character. The proposed format is "AvatarName.FunctionName", where AvatarName is the first and last names of the avatar who created the functionality concatenated without a space, a period, and the name of the avatar's creation. This system should ensure that should two people come up with different ways to do the same thing, the COMPONENT names won't clash.
Example:
$VwrComm$0$DaleGlass.AvatarScanner$LoginComplete
Connection Establishment
As described above, the LSL script initiates the communication by telling the viewer what channel it wants to talk on.
Connection Request
• The COMPONENT field's value is "DaleGlass.Viewer"
• The payload is "Connect$<channel>"
The fields are as follows:
• <channel> is the channel the script wants to talk on. For security, this SHOULD be randomly generated. The channel number must be positive, since the viewer can't talk on negative channel numbers. It's recommended to exclude channels < 1000 or so, to avoid highly used channel numbers.
Example:
$VwrComm$0$DaleGlass.Viewer$Connect$12421
Viewer Reply
Viewer replies to the request by sending the message "OK" to the specified channel. Any other reply MUST be considered an error message.
After this, any further requests to the viewer from the object are replied to in on the specified channel.
Example
integer g_channel = 0; // Channel to talk on -- randomly generated
integer g_listen_handle = 0; // Listen handle
integer g_timeout = 30; // How long to wait for the viewer to reply
ViewerComm(string component, string data) {
llOwnerSay("$VwrComm$0$" + component + "$" + data);
}
default {
state_entry() {
// Generate a random channel number
g_channel = (integer)(llFrand(2147482646.0) + 1000.0);
// Set a timer in case the viewer doesn't reply
llSetTimerEvent(g_timeout);
// Listen for replies
g_listen_handle = llListen(g_channel, "", llGetOwner(), "");
// Send connection request
ViewerComm("DaleGlass.Viewer", "Connect$" + (string)g_channel);
}
timer() {
llSetTimerEvent(0.0); // Disable timeout timer
llListenRemove(g_listen_handle);
llOwnerSay("Client/Viewer connection timed out -- probably not supported");
}
listen( integer channel, string name, key id, string message ) {
llSetTimerEvent(0.0); // Disable timeout timer
if ( message == "OK" ) {
// Connection successful
llOwnerSay("Client/Viewer connection successful");
} else {
// Something went wrong
llOwnerSay("Client/Viewer connection error: " + message);
}
}
}
General Functionality
This is the proposed functionality that would be implemented by the main patch itself, and supported by all viewers that speak this protocol. The idea is to provide some simple and generally useful functionality. All of them would use COMPONENT "DaleGlass.Viewer".
GetViewerVersion
This command would return the viewer's version as a string, with the following format:
<major>$<minor>$<revision>$<build>
For example, viewer version 1.17.0 (12) would be sent as:
1$17$0$12
GetViewerBuilder
Returns the name of the person who built the viewer. "Linden Lab" would be reserved for LL. My viewer would say "Dale Glass" here for instance.
GetViewerRevision
Returns the viewer's revision number. This would apply only to custom built viewers. The recommendation is that the reply to this message be the revision number from the builder's source repository.
GetExtensionList
Returns the list of supported viewer extensions, as a comma separated string. MUST NOT contain anything that'd conflict with llCSV2List.
Example reply:
DaleGlass.Viewer, DaleGlass.AvatarScanner, ExampleAvatar.CoolScript
The intention behind this command is allowing scripts that are capable of using multiple extensions determine which are present.
GetOperatingSystem
Returns a string describing the OS being used:
• Linux
• Windows
• OS X
• Solaris
• (etc)
The intention is to allow scripts to determine that some functionality isn't available because the implementation is OS-specific. This MUST NOT be used as a primary method of detecting whether some functionality is supported (as this could change). Instead, this should only be used after GetExtensionList fails to return the desired functionality, and used to determine whether the lack of it is because it's not available on that OS at all.
See Also
See also: Q re client app current/ obsolete/ Mac/ Linux/ Windows/ LSL-Editor/ what at LlRequestClientData | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Amazon vows not to be blindsided again by the crush of the holiday shopping season
When Amazon missed earnings expectations last holiday quarter, there was one big culprit: Increased fulfillment costs. The company was overwhelmed by merchants that wanted Amazon to store and ship products on their behalf, so Amazon had to rely on last-minute solutions that were more expensive. Amazon says it’s not going to happen again. On Thursday, Amazon Chief Financial Officer Brian Olsavsky told reporters that Amazon was adding 18 warehouse facilities this quarter in preparation for the holiday crush versus just six additions in the same quarter last year. “It’s a combination of what we saw in Q4 of last year and what we’re seeing year to date in unit growth,” he said on the call. Amazon sold 28 percent more items in the second quarter than it did in the second quarter of 2015, and the growth rate for items stored in Amazon warehouses was much higher than that, he said without providing specifics. Amazon’s second-quarter earnings surpassed analyst expectations and marked the third quarter in a row that the company has unveiled record profits. Amazon has recently taken other steps to avoid a repeat of last year’s costly fourth quarter. In May, it raised the fees it charges merchants to store goods in Amazon warehouses during November and December in an effort to get them to only send in inventory that has a good chance of selling before the New Year. It also now allows some merchants to ship goods from their own warehouses and have those products still qualify for Amazon’s Prime program — something that previously wasn’t allowed. This article originally appeared on Recode.net. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Autoreactivity, dynamic tuning and selectivity
Zvi Grossman, William E. Paul
Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review
Abstract
The immune system adjusts its response to the context in which antigens, including self-antigens, are recognized. Recent observations support a conceptual framework for understanding how this may be achieved at the cellular and cell-population levels. At both levels, 'perturbations' elicit competition between excitation and de-excitation, resulting either in adaptation or in various responses. The responsiveness of individual cells is dynamically tuned, reflecting their recent experience. The tuning of T-cell activation thresholds by self-ligands facilitates positive selection and continuously regulates the level of autoreactivity in the periphery. Autoreactivity appears to be involved in regulation of the immune response, homeostasis, maintaining of the functional integrity of naïve and memory cells, and in other physiological functions.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)687-698
Number of pages12
JournalCurrent Opinion in Immunology
Volume13
Issue number6
DOIs
StatePublished - 1 Dec 2001
Funding
FundersFunder number
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesZIAAI000493
Fingerprint
Dive into the research topics of 'Autoreactivity, dynamic tuning and selectivity'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Cite this | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:The Strand Magazine (Volume 5).djvu/276
IR CHARLES HALLÉ is a native of Germany, but at an early age he established himself in Paris, where he acquired a great reputation by his refined and classical rendering of the compositions of the great musicians; but the Revolution of 1843 drove him to England, where he has ever since resided. He soon established himself at Manchester, and as the founder of the annual series of orchestral and choral concerts there and in London, which have become, perhaps, the most important series in Europe, he has rendered the most valuable service to musical art. | WIKI |
Who is Josephine Baker?
Josephine Baker was a dancer and singer who became wildly popular in France during the 1920s. [She] spent her youth in poverty before learning to dance and finding success on Broadway. In the 1920s, she moved to France and soon became one of Europe's most popular and highest-paid performers. She worked for the French Resistance during World War II, and during the 1950s and 1960s devoted herself to fighting segregation and racism in the United States.
“Americans, the eyes of the world are upon you. How can you expect the world to believe in you and respect your preaching of democracy when you yourself treat your colored brothers as you do?”
Josephine Baker. Photo by -/AFP via Getty Images
Source(s): Excerpts from Biography | FINEWEB-EDU |
We have made it possible to reconstruct databases using the metadatafile and XML-datafiles produced by DEX. The Metadata.xml has enough information to create the tables and restore the connections between them. We are using the XML-datafiles to insert the data into the new tables. Then you will be able to do SQL-queries on the data.
Presenting the extracted data in a clear and user friendly manner is very important, there is no point in storing information if it's not to be used again in some way.
Our Reconstructed databases have been done on the Hypersonic SQL Database, but we are working on Oracle, MySQL and SQL Server reconstruction.
Reconstructed Databases:
Uni Micro Lønn og Regnskap (personnel finances) to the RDBMS Hypersonic SQLDB
Forum Sak (document management) to the RDBMS Hypersonic SQLDB
KomTek (management of technical tasks) to the RDBMS Hypersonic SQLDB | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Dick Heckstall-Smith
Glad to see this!
Dick Heckstall-Smith was a truly great and much underappreciated musician.<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:05, 29 August 2015 (UTC) I'll second that. Dick Heckstall-Smith is one of those jewels that scatter the rocky ground between mainstream rock and blues and jazz.<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 02:58, 19 September 2021 (UTC)
External links modified
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I have just modified 2 external links on Dick Heckstall-Smith. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
* Added archive https://archive.is/20130129041331/http://www.morgensternsdiaryservice.com/DHS/ to http://www.morgensternsdiaryservice.com/DHS/
* Added archive https://archive.is/20130204171558/http://truefire.com/list.html?store=original_music&viewauthor=4169&item=9370 to http://truefire.com/list.html?store=original_music&viewauthor=4169&item=9370
Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot (Report bug) 12:43, 1 December 2017 (UTC)
Birthplace query
The town of Ludlow has not had a Royal Free Hospital, I am aware of such a hospital in LONDON. Ludlow's local public hospital goes or went under the name of East Hamlet Hospital. It is cited to a reference book but that does not rule out error. The fact he was brought up in Knighton, Radnorshire (on south Shropshire border in reach of Ludlow) plausibly supports Ludlow area origins.Cloptonson (talk) 16:24, 26 April 2020 (UTC) | WIKI |
Talk:St. Marys, Pennsylvania
How does St Marys, PA have a mediterranen-influenced climate? I'm not sure this is possible at that location. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:46, 12 April 2008 (UTC)
* Good point. Dincher (talk) 02:04, 12 April 2008 (UTC)
I think you shoud add "Admiral Joan Engel (Limbach) - Rear Admiral Upper Half, USN (Ret)" to your "Notable Natives" list. Joan graduated from Elk County Christian High School in 1958. She returned to St. Mary's and went into public health nursing following her graduation from Mercy Hospiral School of Nursing, Buffalo, NY. Later, she entered the Navy as an Ensign in 1963 and retired from the Navy in 2001 as a 2 star admiral. The last four years of her career, she was the Navy's "Head Nurse". In her command were all the Navy nurses, medical and dental technicians. She currently resides in Pensacola with her husband, LtC Walt Limbach USMC (Ret). Submitted by Karl R. Geitner, 2 September 2010 <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:30, 3 September 2010 (UTC)
External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,
I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on St. Marys, Pennsylvania. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/20061022222904/http://www.cityofstmarys.com/2440-foreword.pdf to http://www.cityofstmarys.com/2440-foreword.pdf
Cheers. —cyberbot II Talk to my owner :Online 18:12, 29 August 2015 (UTC)
Landmarks: Decker's Chapel
Greetings fellow Wikipedians! I have removed the phrase "built by Michael Decker after a back injury" because 1) there is no citation supporting Decker as the builder, either here or in the separate article about the chapel, and 2) the reference to his back injury strikes me as an unnecessary level of detail, even if it is supported by a reliable source. Cordially, BuzzWeiser196 (talk) 12:17, 1 June 2020 (UTC) | WIKI |
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This lesson looks at population attributes, regulation, and growth. It also covers population genetics, particularly gen.. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
What to do when pop culture forgets your favorite meme
YouTube’s Arf, who did not want to be named for this article, loves Gabe the Dog. "Gabe is far and above my favorite meme," he told The Verge on the phone. "Usually you like a meme for a week and then it becomes so oversaturated that everyone kind of moves on to the next thing. But I still enjoy Gabe." Gabe is a miniature American Eskimo dog owned by YouTube user gravycp. In January 2013, gravycp uploaded a short video of Gabe barking. The footage itself never went viral though it was used in dozens of song remixes, some of which accrued up to half a million views. By meme standards, Gabe was far from a success. Gabe was a blip. But Arf is giving Gabe a second life. Three years after Gabe’s 15 seconds of fame, Arf is making videos that splice Arf with pop culture. Arf’s grew up making skateboarding videos with his friends, and now has a day job in advertising. He learned animation as a way to expand his professional skill set, only to discover the talent could help him in the Gabe revival. here comes the gabe revival Arf says he made his first Gabe video for a friend who was going through a hard time, but people started subscribing to his account and asking for more Gabe videos, so he supplied them. The original Gabe remixes just chop up gravycp’s footage and mess with the pacing, but Arf’s more recent videos integrate Gabe into the theme songs for beloved classic movies, as well as some of his favorite ‘80s songs. Each video is about 30 seconds long, about as long as anyone would want to listen to Gabe barking. They’re sweet, silly visual jokes that prove the best way to make something truly funny and enjoyable is to stick to what you like. Arf says he only makes videos of songs he really loves: "All the songs are based on films and shows are films and shows that I kind of grew up with and really like. The ‘80s music ones are songs that are kind of a guilty pleasure of mine. It’s just a matter of having that song stuck in your head." My favorite is "Jurassic Bork," which recasts Jurassic Park’s dinosaurs — that once inspired such awe in Laura Dern & Co. — as colossal barking Gabes. A close runner-up is "Physical Borks," which remixes Olivia Newton-John’s "Physical" with Gabe barks and barking Gabe-shaped pectoral muscles. It’s all nonsense of the best kind. Now, Arf is just worried that he’ll kill the meme he’s loved for so long. "What’s made Gabe endure is that it’s been a bit of a slow burn. The dog never really hit the same level as Doge. It probably will become oversaturated, I’m already wondering if I’m overdoing it with these videos..." In three months, his YouTube channel has accrued over 14,000 subscribers, and his most popular video (a remix of the original Ghostbusters theme) has over 340,000 views. He attributes the success to Facebook and Reddit. And recently, a French newspaper reached out to him for an interview. This is, in theory, just the beginning of Gabe’s return. Perhaps death is the true metric of a meme’s success. In which case, Arf and every viewer may finally be giving Gabe — the meme, not the dog — the rest it so rightfully deserves. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Wikipedia:Motto of the day/September 27, 2012
→ If I have a thousand ideas and only one turns out to be good, I am satisfied. | WIKI |
An Efficient Adaptive Attention Neural Network for Social Recommendation
Munan Li*, Kenji Tei, Yoshiaki Fukazawa
*この研究の対応する著者
研究成果: Article査読
3 被引用数 (Scopus)
抄録
Traditional recommendation algorithms based on collaborative filtering suffer from a data sparsity problem. The emergence of online social network has enriched the user's information, realizing a new way to solve recommendation tasks. Social-aware recommendation algorithms can effectively alleviate the data sparsity problem and improve the performance of recommendation systems. Despite the success of these algorithms, they have some common limitations. Most algorithms assume that social networks are homogeneous, with similar preferences among connected users. However, users may only share similar preferences in some aspects. Besides, different friends affect the user's preference in different levels. And this influence of friends on users' preference should be adaptive. Even close friends may have different influences in different decision-making processes. For example, a user may trust a friend in 'travel' but distrust this friend in 'music' because this friend had more travel experiences. Motivated by the above limitations, we designed a neural network model called adaptive attention neural network for social recommendation (ANSR) to study the interaction between a user and his or her social friends as well as infer the complex influence of the user's social relationships on the user's preferences. By utilizing the co-attention mechanism, we can not only extract the user's special attention to certain aspects of their friends but also determine the adaptive influences of different friends on the user. When the user interacts with different items, different attention weights will be assigned to the user and his or her friends, respectively. In addition, we also utilize network embedding to learn more efficient features of each user and incorporate these features into the ANSR to enhance the recommendation results. Moreover, we also conduct extensive experiments on four different real-world datasets and demonstrate that our proposed method performs better on all datasets compared with the state-of-the-art baseline methods.
本文言語English
論文番号9050750
ページ（範囲）63595-63606
ページ数12
ジャーナルIEEE Access
8
DOI
出版ステータスPublished - 2020
ASJC Scopus subject areas
• コンピュータ サイエンス（全般）
• 材料科学（全般）
• 工学（全般）
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Katharine Kuharic
Katharine Kuharic is an American artist known for multi-layered representational paintings that combine allegory, humor, social critique, and aspects of Pop and pastoral art. Her art typically employs painstaking brushwork, high-keyed, almost hallucinogenic color, discontinuities of scale, and compositions packed with a profusion of hyper-real detail, figures and associations. She has investigated themes including queer sexual and political identity, American excess and suburban culture, social mores, the body and death. Artist-critic David Humphrey called Kuharic "a visionary misuser" who reconfigures disparate elements into a "Queer Populist Hallucinatory Realism" of socially charged image-sentences that shake out ideologies from "the congealed facts of contemporary culture" and celebrate the possibility of an alternative order.
Kuharic has been recognized with awards from the Rockefeller Foundation, Contemporary Art Museum St. Louis, New York Foundation for the Arts, and San Francisco Art Institute, among others. She has shown internationally, and her work belongs to the public collections of the St. Louis Art Museum and Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. She lives in New York and is a professor of art at Hamilton College.
Education and career
Kuharic was born in South Bend, Indiana in 1962. She completed a BFA in painting and drawing at Carnegie Mellon University in 1984 and then moved to New York City, where she studied at the School of Visual Arts with Louise Bourgeois and Robert Storr. In the decade that followed, she exhibited at New York venues including Hallwalls, White Columns, The Drawing Center, Four Walls, and P.P.O.W., where she had a solo show in 1994. She has continued to show at P.P.O.W., with six subsequent solo exhibitions between 1997 and 2016.
In the early 2000s, Kuharic returned to the Midwest, relocating to St. Louis for a teaching position at Washington University in St. Louis. Since then, she has had solo exhibitions at the Contemporary Art Museum St. Louis, The Delaware Contemporary, and South Bend Regional Museum of Art, and appeared in group shows at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, Contemporary Arts Museum Houston, and Portsmouth Museum of Fine Art, among others.
Kuharic has taught art since the mid-1990s, at institutions including Yale School of Art, The New School, the School of Visual Arts, and Washington University (2002–6), where she served as a lecturer, associate professor and coordinator of painting. She has been a professor at Hamilton College in Clinton, New York since 2007.
Work
Kuharic’s paintings been described variously as surreal, magic realist, and "hyperbolic realist." She employs complex, labor-intensive techniques; these include the collaging, drawing, re-collaging and re-drawing of appropriated imagery (before hand-transferring compositions onto canvas) and an old-master-like painting process in which she renders images tonally before applying discrete layers of color. Writer Terry R. Myers suggested that Kuharic shares with painter Lari Pittman an interest in the power of popular culture and its complex relationship to queer sexual and political identity. Her tableaux of juxtaposed, loaded imagery yield proliferating strings of ideas, jokes and interpretations—often in a picture-puzzle or rebus-like manner—that viewers must complete; writer Keith Recker wrote that Kuharic's webs of images and paint handling engender a "frightening, essential tug of war" teetering "between happiness and despair, love and death, safety and risk."
Earlier painting (1986–99)
Kuharic's early work explored the body and sexual desire, social mores and grief through imagery of animals, anatomy and nature, death heads and female figures. Reviews described this work as built-up layers of visual information "rendered with a kind of Pre-Raphaelite hyper-clarity," which pushed the limits of perception to create a kind of "a hallucinatory, multicolored static." Her early paintings often depicted predatory domestic animals—cats and dogs, frequently bulldogs—as in Food Chain (1989) or Long Wait (1990), in which a staring cat hunched over a bird's nest full of eggs. New York Times critic Holland Cotter characterized them as strange, small works "painted in tight colored lines that look like a kind of jittery embroidery," suggesting a "cross between children's-book illustrations and bad-trip psychedelia."
In the 1990s, Kuharic turned to more personal, sometimes macabre, imagery of the body, symbolic objects and female figures occasionally configured in timelines representing sexual partners. In a 1992 Los Angeles Times review, critic Susan Kandel described one such set of watercolors as a Utopian, "jewel-like vision of a world of women, free not just of men, but of the gaze of men" and charged with energy and empowerment. Later, minutely detailed works depicted women with flayed or heavily tattooed flesh, featured in fraught scenarios or guises and placed alongside iconic figures of femininity (e.g., Priestess, 1996; Backwards Flags, 1998). The surreal work, Mister Rogers (1996), was dominated by a central young woman covered with tattoos, who is encircled by a second figure rendered in cutaways of tissue, bones and entrails and surrounded by small female figures: a debutante, a dominatrix, nuns and Eastern religious devotees, and a trapeze artist among them; another painting depicted a bare-breasted woman decked in pearls with red and blue worms teeming from the sockets of her skull.
Time Out critic Bill Arning described the paintings in Kuharic's exhibition, "Show Quality Bitches" (P.P.O.W., 1997), as "bizarre, theatrical tableaux" and "lesbian theme parks" with the heightened quality of opera, which juxtaposed sometimes-frightening female figures and caricatures of social constructions of the feminine against luscious monochromatic backgrounds. Mind's Eye depicted a disembodied eye set against a blood-red background that looms over barely postpubescent girl in a cowgirl hat; she was surrounded by a fashion model, a Bettie Page-type dominatrix, a jester, and a doll of an infant among others.
Later painting (2000– )
In the 2000s, Kuharic shifted toward more socio-politically focused work using found (or what she termed "unsolicited") imagery appropriated from local newspapers and magazines, slick-printed flyers, and junk mail. She reconfigured the imagery into packed paintings examining American overabundance, consumerism, and boom-and-bust real estate and financial markets, taking a tone that was simultaneously critical, celebratory and surreal. For example, Super Bowl Sunday (2003) consisted of seven mandala- or flower-forms composed of sparkling, fanned-out products (Gatorade and beer bottles, shoes, cans of produce, meat) that hovered like spacecraft in a blue sky over a devastated, rubble-strewn landscape depicting a bombed out, tiled bathroom and tangle of twisted pipes. It drew on Kuharic's memories of the chaos of leaving her downtown New York studio following 9/11 and relocating to St. Louis. Village Voice critic Kim Levin described that work and others in Kuharic's show "Throb" (P.P.O.W., 2004) as "zonked heartland imagery of burgers, fries, flags, Super Bowl stuff, and corn as high as an elephant’s eye" relating to "our country’s current bad trip."
Kuharic targeted middle-class suburban culture, McMansions and Midwestern stereotypes in subsequent exhibitions at the Contemporary Art Museum St. Louis ("The World Brought Low,", 2005) and Bruno David Gallery ("Working in the Lou," 2012). The former show included Jack's Originals (2004), a restaging of the expulsion from the Garden of Eden that portrays a casually dressed, middle-aged group atop jerry-built scaffolding made of potato chip bags, cheeseburgers, plates of club sandwiches, hams and other goods; a giant sun composed of a central frozen pizza package and plastic detergent bottles hovers above them. Critic Jessica Baran described works in the latter show, such as Ladue News (2010), as "big-box surrealist nightmares-as-paintings." That painting depicted affluent groupings (culled from society magazines) ascending towards an expanding, sphincter-like mandala of product containers that seems to threaten the ramshackle building in which they are placed.
In the 2010s, Kuharic returned to more personal concerns involving appearance, ambition, comfort, love, middle age and death. Her show "Pound of Flesh" (P.P.O.W., 2012) combined earlier themes of consumer excess with symbols and motifs representing weight loss and gain, nourishment, fertility, and self-reproach. The show's title work juxtaposed motifs of eggs, hollyhocks, songbirds and Weight Watchers frozen dinner packages, text repeated and configured into a sunrise or sunset, and graphic elements charting Kuharic's annual weight. In the show, "A Masque of Mercy" (Philip Slein, 2015), she presented intricate, allegorical paintings populated by psychedelic skeletons, bulldogs, cats, birds and flora that evoked both grief and the consolations of nature (e.g., The Nipple I Never Knew, 2015). During this period, she also produced the monumental, long-term project, "What Women Lost", which began with Hillary Clinton’s first failed presidential bid; its title references Betty Friedan’s assertion that while men accumulate power and money, women are busy losing weight in order to appear more attractive. The project involved a large-scale painting, forty-five individual portraits of the U.S. presidents, live performance painting, and video.
Awards and public collections
Kuharic has been recognized with a Rockefeller Fellowship (2005, Bellagio, Italy residency), a FIAR International Prize (1991), and awards and grants from the Contemporary Museum St. Louis (2005), Milton and Sally Avery Arts Foundation (2003–4), Kranzberg Arts Foundation (2004), New York Foundation for the Arts (2002), Penny McCall Foundation (1999), and Art Matters (1990), among others. In 2018, she was named the San Francisco Art Institute’s Richard Diebenkorn Teaching Fellow for that year. She has also received artist residencies from MacDowell (2003–4), Gyeonggi Creation Center (2015, South Korea), and the Headlands Center for the Arts (2018). Her work belongs to the public collections of the St. Louis Art Museum and Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. | WIKI |
Digital Knowledge Collection: http://hdl.handle.net/11189/1911 Wed, 19 Dec 2018 05:48:48 GMT 2018-12-19T05:48:48Z Dynamic time history analysis of stone arch http://hdl.handle.net/11189/6616 Title: Dynamic time history analysis of stone arch Authors: Kumar, A; Pallav, P Abstract: The present work is focus on time history analysis of 102 years old Indo-Saracenic style stone arch of Senate hall, Allahabad University, India. The senate hall was constructed with old brick masonry and stone masonry in IndoGothic, Hindoo or Hindu-Gothic, Mughal-Gothic, Neo-Mughal style architecture. The main objective of the analysis is to identifying the possible causes of existing damage and deformities in historical structure and actual behavior of stone arch during ground motion. Stochastic finite fault model is used to simulate the ground motion using regional parameter. The geometry of the stone arch is modelled by making use of both existing available drawing and survey performed on the structure. Non-linear dynamic analyses is performed on detailed 3D Finite Element models. The stress variation throughout the arch is shown. The maximum deformation of 0.206 mm is observed at crown level of arch. Mon, 01 Jan 2018 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11189/6616 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z The safety of paraffin and LPG appliances for domestic use http://hdl.handle.net/11189/6596 Title: The safety of paraffin and LPG appliances for domestic use Authors: Lloyd, Philip JD Abstract: Households have an absolute need for thermal energy, particularly for cooking. Poorer households use coal, dung, fuelwood, LPG and paraffin. Unpressurised paraffin appliances are far from safe. The temperature in the fuel tank can easily exceed the flashpoint of the fuel, when the appliance becomes a time bomb waiting to “explode”. In contrast LPG appliances are safe, with annual incidents at least two orders of magnitude lower than those involving paraffin. The White Paper on energy required proper standards for paraffin appliances, but these are slow in evolving and do not address the hazards identified above. Tue, 01 Jan 2002 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11189/6596 2002-01-01T00:00:00Z The testing of gel fuels, and their comparison to alternative cooking fuels http://hdl.handle.net/11189/6595 Title: The testing of gel fuels, and their comparison to alternative cooking fuels Authors: Lloyd, Philip JD; Visagie, E.F Abstract: A range of gel fuels was tested in a range of appliances designed for the fuels. The tests comprised the determination of the efficiency of the fuel/appliance combination when boiling water at full and, where possible, minimum power; and the measurement of CO, CO2 and unburned hydrocarbons collected in a hood at the burner level in normal operation. The tests were repeated with paraffin-fuelled appliances, LP gas appliances and an electric stove. In the majority of cases it was found that the gel fuels did not meet an emission standard of a CO:CO2 ratio of <0.02, and that they gave off excessive unburned hydrocarbons. It was suspected that this had to do with the mixing of the fuel vapour with air, because tests with pure ethanol in various appliances gave similar results. Tests in which appliances were modified to improve the air/fuel mixing showed that the hypothesis was valid. A subsidiary finding of the tests was that some gel fuels had excessive water, and that in these cases the condensation of the water vapour on the base of a cooking pot was so extensive that it could extinguish the flame. This leads to a recommendation that a standard for gel fuels be established. A comparison of the cost of cooking a standard meal suggests that gel fuels are unlikely to meet users needs even if improved appliances can be developed. Description: Conference Proceeding Mon, 01 Jan 2007 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11189/6595 2007-01-01T00:00:00Z Safe paraffin appliances and their contribution to demand side management http://hdl.handle.net/11189/6594 Title: Safe paraffin appliances and their contribution to demand side management Authors: Lloyd, Philip JD; Truran, G Abstract: Many accidents have resulted from using of paraffin as a fuel for cooking and heating. These accidents were caused because of leaks and the paraffin appliances could consequently burst into violent flames. As a result, compulsory standards for the construction and operation of these appliances have been introduced, and the sale of the unsafe appliances has been banned. Safe paraffin appliances could contribute to the management of the electrical demand. Domestic cooking makes up about 4% of the total demand during the daily peak in electricity consumption. The widespread introduction of safe paraffin cookers to replace electrical cookers would save about 1 500MW. It would cost about R25bn to install generating capacity of that magnitude. Replacing electrical stoves would cost about R8bn. Description: Conference Proceeding Tue, 01 Jan 2008 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11189/6594 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Marie Antoinette was born November 2, 1755 in Vienna, Austria and was executed on October 16, 1793 at the Place de la Concorde, Paris, France. While the Chapelle Expiatoire in Paris is dedicated to her and to her husband, King Louis XVI, she is buried at the Basilica Cathedral of Saint Denis, France. In many ways Marie Antoinette was a victim of the world into which she was thrown. To begin with, she came from Austria and after an initially warm welcome in France she was increasingly viewed with suspicion from the French people. She was born an archduchess and came to France at a very young age (a mere 14 years old) to marry Louis XVI. It is worth considering that these two were put in charge of the nation of France as teenagers, Louis being only 19 to her 18 when he was crowned. This was a financially unstable time in France and neither of them seemed able to fully comprehend the Revolution that was brewing. She also had extravagant tastes and a genuine love of fashion and art. She became a patron of the immensely talented artist Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun who painted not only Marie Antoinette's portrait but over 600 other portraits. A figure of significance in many ways, during the Revolution, the painter wisely fled France and sought safety in Italy, Austria and Russia until she was finally able to return to France to live out her days. Marie Antoinette's love of art and haute couture did her no favors during the Revolution as this caused her to spend profligately. Apparently she bought about 300 gowns a year, gaining a reputation as spoiled and vain. As the years went on and general unrest began to reach revolutionary levels, she also served as a scapegoat for those who would rather blame the Austrian queen than criticize their King. She is reported to have been genuinely fond of her husband but it was known that she had other lovers. She continued to spend freely even when France was in a financial crisis, making vast improvements to the charming hideaway of the Petit Trianon that cost over two million francs. These and other whims understandably went over poorly. Some modern scholars question whether her strong will and bold decisions suggest she was a proto-feminist, but this is usually dismissed since all her bold actions were ultimately motivated for personal gain rather than to bring up other women. Nevertheless, Marie Antoinette was vilified more than almost any female figure in French history and many scholars have asked the question, "Why was she hated so much?". During her trial the scrutiny and condemnation over her purported "libertine ways" was highlighted for dramatic effect (the sheer volume of pornographic cartoons of the Queen attests to this preoccupation with her sexuality). Contemporary biographies continue to fixate on this aspect of her life, often to the exclusion of other areas, including her political machinations and attempts to save the Monarchy. Whether or not one is sympathetic to her ideological leanings, or judgmental about her extra-marital affairs-it has never been proven that she heartlessly said, "let them eat cake" to the hungry people of Paris.
You can identify additional material by searching the Library of Congress Online Catalog using the following headings:
Marie Antoinette, Queen, consort of Louis XVI, King of France, 1755-1793. (Name Heading; returns works by Marie Antoinette)
Marie Antoinette, Queen, consort of Louis XVI, King of France, 1755-1793. (Subject Heading; returns works about Marie Antoinette)
Memoires written by members of court (eg. Madame Campan) from this period are plentiful: France--Court and courtiers--History--18th century
The following titles link to fuller bibliographic information in the Library of Congress Online Catalog. Links to additional online content are included when available. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Chen Werry
Harcourt Chenoweth "Chen" Werry (16 December 1908 – 5 October 1995) was a New Zealand businessman and politician. He was a Lower Hutt City Councillor for 36 years from 1950 to 1986 and was twice deputy mayor.
Early life and career
Werry was born in Christchurch in 1908 to Alfred Ernest Werry and Florence Beatrice Chenoweth, who he labelled 'academics of liberal thinking'. He grew up in the 1920s when his father was working as a headmaster. Two uncles and later a brother were teachers. He was the dux of Belfast School and after passing his proficiency certificate he attended high school after shifting with his family to the West Coast where he attended Reefton District High School, where his father worked. After finishing school he started work as a student teacher, but left after just one week after his father purchased him a used truck with which he "went bush" and worked cutting wood and sold firewood. He then sat the public service examination and passed with the 13th highest in New Zealand. In 1927 he accepted a position working at the Registrar General's Office while studying at Victoria University before returning to the West Coast after two years and resumed his firewood work before falling ill. After recovering from the illness his godmother's husband got him a job at Smith and Smith's, a hardware retailer in Lower Hutt. While boarding a room in Petone in the late-1920s he met Marjorie "Peggy" Hastings who was a member of the same tennis club as him who he later married in 1937.
Deemed unfit for military service due to serious migraines he instead volunteered locally for community and church causes. After the war he opened his own paint, wallpaper and hardware business on Queens Drive, Lower Hutt. He was encouraged by his wife who said if he could earn a living for someone else he could earn one for himself. Later his wife opened her own shop, Werry's Witchcraft, on High Street for several years. He purchased a house in Ariki Street, Lower Hutt via a government loan.
Political career
He joined the Labour Party in the 1930s and was first nominated to stand for office for a seat on the local licensing committee as, unlike most Labour members, he was a teetotaler. He was Walter Nash's electorate chairman in the constituency for many years. Werry was opposed to the Labour Party leadership's controversial attempts to force the retirement of older age MPs. He stated at the 1966 party conference that Nash should not be pressured to retire and that Labour was at risk of losing the seat if he were deselected.
He worked with Percy Dowse (later Mayor of Lower Hutt) on the Southern Cross daily newspaper which lasted for five years. Dowse encouraged him to stand for the Lower Hutt City Council at the 1944 elections. He was unsuccessful, but stood again six years later at the 1950 election and won. Werry was a Lower Hutt City Councillor from 1950–86, the longest ever serving member. He was twice Deputy Mayor 1962–68 and 1974–77 and was chair of the Town Planning and Works and Drainage Committees. He was also a member of the Hutt Valley Drainage Board, Hutt River Board and Wellington Regional Council.
He regarded the fluoridation of Lower Hutt's drinking water supply in 1957 as his greatest achievement. As chairman of the council's waterworks committee he worked hard to convince fellow councillors and a skeptical public of the benefits. As deputy mayor in the 1960s he supported Dowse's plan to develop the new suburbs of Maungaraki and Stokes Valley. In early 1968 he was acting-mayor for six weeks while Dowse was overseas. When Dowse died in 1970 Werry had a, in his own words, "moment of momentary madness" when he considered standing for the mayoralty. While thinking himself able to fulfil the administrative duties of mayor he was dissuaded at the thought of the social aspect of hosting local functions.
After his first 21 years on the council representing the Labour Party, in 1971 he was invited by mayor John Kennedy-Good to join his "combined" ticket for that years election. Thinking that the Labour Party was not intending to put up a ticket of their own, Werry and three other Labour councillors joined the combined team. Labour did eventually decide to run its own ticket and party policy dictated that members could not stand for election against official party candidates resulting in Werry having his Labour membership suspended. He was re-elected and was elected Kennedy-Good's deputy. At the same election his son, Richard John Werry, won a seat on the council on the Labour ticket. Dick Werry was a company director and had previously been elected a member of the Hutt Valley Electric Power and Gas Board.
Werry was an outspoken critic of modern art and its prominence in the council funded Dowse Art Museum. In 1977 when museum director Jim Barr purchased the controversial Colin McCahon work, Wall of Death, Werry said that the museum catered for "way out tastes" and went as far to say he felt like "smashing the place up". Werry claimed McCahon's work was so talentless that he could "knock up something similar" in just his lunchbreak and would go on national television to prove it. He appeared on TV 1 programme Good Day, dressed in an artist's smock with a beret, he painted his own work in front of art critic Professor John Roberts who stated it "wasn't a bad effort". Werry disagreed saying "It's just typical of modern art, No talent is needed, no ability to draw. It is completely without perspective. It is an ideal subject for the Dowse Art Gallery." The museum declined to exhibit Werry's painting, however by 2009 the McCahon painting was worth $1.7 million.
After several terms on the United Citizens ticket he returned to the Labour Party before leaving, voluntarily on this occasion, to join another "combined" ticket organised by councillor Gerald Bond in 1986. By this time local government amalgamations were a dominant issue, which Werry opposed. Werry (alongside all Combined Progressive Group candidates) were defeated at the 1986 elections. When asked about himself about his defeat he stated that he would "start working for himself instead of the people".
Later life and death
Werry died suddenly in Otaki on 5 October 1995. He is buried in St. James Churchyard, Lower Hutt.
Honorific eponym
Harcourt Werry Drive in the Lower Hutt City suburb of Avalon was named after him. | WIKI |
Linux Today: Linux News On Internet Time.
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Inside MySQL Character Sets & Settings
Oct 15, 2010, 15:34 (0 Talkback[s])
(Other stories by Sean Hull)
WEBINAR:
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Full Text Search: The Key to Better Natural Language Queries for NoSQL in Node.js
"MySQL has sophisticated character set support, and can store, retrieve and collate single byte, and multi-byte character sets alike. Sean Hull explores using non-default character sets and settings, which use the hierarchy to control these settings.
"What Are Character Sets Generally?
"Character sets are ways of storing string or text data in a database. Since the world's languages use different character sets for their writing systems, a database must support many different types of character sets to store information in those languages. For Western European languages, for example, there are alphabets with many overlapping characters, but in addition some require accents, different currency characters, and so on. For Asian languages with many more characters, a multi-byte character set is required since one byte is not large enough to store all the characters that can be represented in that language."
Complete Story
Related Stories: | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Serbian man kills five, injures 22, in cafe shooting
BELGRADE (Reuters) - Five people were killed and another 22 were wounded early on Saturday when a man entered a cafe in northern Serbia and opened fire with an assault rifle, police said. Police arrested the suspect, a man in his late 30s identified only as Z.S., immediately after the shooting during a local festival in the village of Zitiste, around 80 kilometers north of Belgrade. Nebojsa Stefanovic, the interior minister, told Belgrade’s B92 TV that Z.S. killed his estranged wife and a another woman, before firing at others in the cafe with an assault rifle he illegally owned. “Jealousy could be a motive,” he said. “He was a quiet man; he had no criminal record.” Gordana Kozlovacki, the director of the hospital in the nearby town of Zrenjanin, said 22 people were treated after the shooting. Seven remained in a serious condition. Serbia and most of the western Balkans are awash with hundreds of thousands of illegal weapons following wars and unrest in the 1990s. In a bid to reduce the number, Serbian police on Friday offered an amnesty over surrendering or registering illegal weapons until November. Saturday’s killings follow a number of mass shootings in Serbia in recent years. Three years ago, 13 people died in a shooting spree in a village near Belgrade, and last year six people were killed in a dispute over a wedding in Serbia’s north. Reporting by Aleksandar Vasovic; Editing by Mark Potter | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Author:Alexander Leo Trachtenberg
Works
* American Socialists and the War: A Documentary History of the Attitude of the Socialist Party toward War and Militarism since the Outbreak of the Great War (1917).
* (ed.) The American Labor Year Book. (1918-1926).
* The Heritage of Gene Debs. (1930).
* The Woman Question (1930)
* The History of May Day (1931)
* The Lessons of the Paris Commune(1934).
* (tr.) Problems of Leninism by Joseph Stalin (1934)
* (tr.) Dialectical Materialism by V. Adorastky (1934)
* (tr.) Left Wing Communism; an Infantile Disorder by Lenin (1934)
* (tr.) The Foundation of the Communist International by Lenin (1934)
* (tr.) Lenin on the Jewish Question by Lenin (1934)
* (tr.) Two Tactics of Social Democracy in the Democratic Revolution by Lenin (1935)
* (tr.) History of Anarchism in Russia by Yaroslavsky (1937)
* (tr.) The United Front by Dimitrov (1938)
* (tr.) Critique of the Gotha Programme by Karl Marx (1938)
* (tr.) Culture and the People by Maxim Gorky (1939)
* (tr.) Imperialism by Lenin (1939)
* (tr.) Revolution in Spain by Karl Marx and Engels (1939)
* (tr.) The Civil War in France by Karl Marx (1940)
* (tr.) The Materialist Conception of History by Plekhanov (1940)
* (tr.) The Role of the Individual in History by Plekhanov (1940)
* The History of Legislation for the Protection of Coal Miners in Pennsylvania, 1824–1915 (1942).
* (tr.) The War of National Liberation by Joseph Stalin (1942)
* (tr.) The Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union by Joseph Stalin (1945)
* Literature and Art (1947)
* On the Theory of Marxism (1948)
* (tr.) The Science of Biology Today by Lysenko (1948)
* (tr.) Joseph Stalin, a Political Biography (1949) | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Long-term abuse/Fangusu
Basic information
Comprehensive edits analysis Fangusu is a user who was active starting in February 2008. She was repeatedly blocked for ongoing copyright violations and violations of the image use policy up to September 2008, when she was blocked indefinitely. She then engaged in massive sockpuppetry and frivolous unblock requests until her talk page access was revoked in April 2010. She continued socking with alternate accounts until at least March 2011 (e.g. User:PriyaChandnani), and at least since June 2013 (as User:DJ Autagirl).
After an apparent 4-year absence, Fangusu returned with a new unblock request in July 2015, claiming to have read and understood the reasons behind her block, disclosing her alternate accounts, and promising to abide by policies. She was unblocked, but very soon after was discovered to be abusing multiple accounts again. A community discussion led to her being sitebanned in August 2015. She continued to claim innocence and appeal for "forgiveness" until DJ Autagirl was discovered in December 2015.
Since then, Fangusu has socked primarily with IPs, often hitting the same pages over and over, raising frivolous WP:ANI complaints against users who revert her (especially, example), and making frivolous unblock requests on various talk pages and in edit summaries. Her email was disabled and access to UTRS revoked due to abusing these systems with unblock requests. As of early 2019 she has also been active on Wikimedia IRC requesting action in the -unblock channel (report).
Targeted areas, pages, themes
* various Futurama episodes
* pages related to (women's) clothing, such as thong (clothing), toe socks, camisole, tanga (clothing), undergarment, panties, pantalettes, boyshorts, backless dress
* edits on women's clothing pages are usually to change gender-specific terms to gender-neutral terms (example)
* 1990s first-person-shooter and side-scroller video games, such as Duke Nukem, Doom (series), Jazz Jackrabbit, Final Fight, Street Fighter
* Digimon-related articles
* talk pages of non-administrator users with whom she has previously interacted
* Honey Bunny
Habitual behaviour
Fangusu returns to previously edited pages and reverts to a revision of a previous sockpuppet, sometimes after considerable time has passed and without regard for intervening edits. If her edit is reverted, she will repeatedly restore it with an edit summary pleading for the reverting user to lift her block while usually addressing the user by name (example) and/or will paste an appeal onto that user's talk page (example) and may follow them to other pages. If a page is protected, she will make an edit request (or revert to restore a previous one) asking for the reverted edit to be restored, or simply pleading for her block to be reduced. She rarely bothers administrators with these requests.
Fangusu most often edits through IPs in one of the ranges indicated, and jumps IPs frequently and rapidly such that IP blocks are largely ineffective. She has also been found to be continuing to abuse multiple named accounts, with CheckUser-confirmed sleeper accounts discovered as recently as April 2017.
Cases
* Requests for checkuser (archived)
* Sockpuppet investigations case page
* Community ban discussion at WP:AN
Other notes
See also Sockpuppet investigations/<IP_ADDRESS>.
Confirmed and suspected accounts
* Sockpuppet category (if any): Category:Wikipedia sockpuppets of Fangusu
* Suspected sockpuppet category (if any): Category:Suspected Wikipedia sockpuppets of Fangusu
__NOINDEX__ | WIKI |
LCD Display Control
The LCDs have a parallel interface, meaning that the microcontroller has to manipulate several interface pins at once to control the display. The interface consists of the following pins:
- A register select (RS) pin that controls where in the LCD's memory you're writing data to. You can select either the data register, which holds what goes on the screen, or an instruction register, which is where the LCD's controller looks for instructions on what to do next.
- A Read/Write (R/W) pin that selects reading mode or writing mode
- An Enable pin that enables writing to the registers
- 8 data pins (D0 -D7). The states of these pins (high or low) are the bits that you're writing to a register when you write, or the values you're reading when you read.
- There's also a display constrast pin (Vo), power supply pins (+5V and Gnd) and LED Backlight (Bklt+ and BKlt-) pins that you can use to power the LCD, control the display contrast, and turn on and off the LED backlight, respectively.
Hardware Required
- Arduino or Genuino Board
- LCD Screen (compatible with Hitachi HD44780 driver)
- Pin headers to solder to the LCD display pins
- 10k ohm potentiometer
- 220 ohm resistor
- hook-up wires
- breadboard
Recommended site to buy the required hardware:
Circuit
Before wiring the LCD screen to your Arduino or Genuino board we suggest to solder a pin header strip to the 14 (or 16) pin count connector of the LCD screen.
To wire your LCD screen to your board, connect the following pins:
LCD VSS pin to Arduino GND
LCD VDD pin to Arduino 5V
LCD RS pin to digital pin 12
LCD RW pin to Arduino GND
LCD Enable pin to digital pin 11
LCD D4 pin to digital pin 5
LCD D5 pin to digital pin 4
LCD D6 pin to digital pin 3
LCD D7 pin to digital pin 2
Additionally, wire a 10k pot to +5V and GND, with it's wiper (output) to LCD screens VO pin (pin3). A 220 ohm resistor is used to power the backlight of the display, usually on pin 15 (A+) and 16 (K-) of the LCD connector.
The process of controlling the display involves putting the data that form the image of what you want to display into the data registers, then putting instructions in the instruction register. The LiquidCrystal Library simplifies this for you so you don't need to know the low-level instructions.
The LiquidCrystal library allows you to control LCD displays that are compatible.
Get the Code:
#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
LiquidCrystal lcd(12, 11, 5, 4, 3, 2);
void setup() {
lcd.begin(16, 2);
lcd.print(" Mert Arduino &");
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print(" How To Make");
delay(5000);
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Arduino Projects");
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("Tutorials & Make");
delay(5000);
lcd.clear();
lcd.print(" SUBSCRIBE");
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("FOR MORE VIDEOS");
delay(5000);
lcd.clear();
}
void loop() {
} | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:linque
linque
is this a brasileirismo? Haven't seen this spelling and there's not much in existing dictionaries. – Jberkel (talk) 14:03, 15 August 2016 (UTC)
* It’s a rare alternative spelling of . Some Portuguese-language writers feel passionate about avoiding unadapted spellings at all costs. I can’t tell if it’s a brasileirismo, but it probably is since in Portugal those who dislike foreignisms use the calques and . — Ungoliant (falai) 15:48, 18 August 2016 (UTC) | WIKI |
Kate Lester, born on August 23, 1857, in England, was an accomplished actress who made her mark in both the world of theater and silent film during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
She is remembered for her significant contributions to the arts and her ability to portray a wide range of characters on stage and in early cinema.
Lester’s journey into the world of acting began in the late 19th century when she made her debut in London. Her stage career soon took her to the United States, where she gained recognition for her talent and versatility. Her early theater performances allowed her to showcase her exceptional range and ability to take on various roles.
One of her career-defining moments came when she played the role of Mrs. Alving in Henrik Ibsen’s play “Ghosts.” Her portrayal of Mrs. Alving, a complex and emotionally charged character, was widely acclaimed and established her as a prominent stage actress. This role demonstrated her profound understanding of the human condition and her ability to convey deep emotions on stage.
Lester’s versatility extended to the world of silent cinema. In the early 1910s, she made her transition to film, taking on roles in various silent films. Her entry into film marked the beginning of a new phase in her career, and she continued to excel in this medium. She was part of a generation of stage actors who made a seamless transition to the new and exciting world of cinema.
One of her notable film appearances was in “The Call of the North” (1914), a drama directed by D.W. Griffith. Her performance in the film showcased her ability to adapt to the unique demands of silent film acting, where expressions and movements played a central role in storytelling.
Kate Lester’s career was marked by her dedication to the craft of acting and her ability to portray a wide array of characters, from strong-willed and dramatic roles to gentle and compassionate ones. Her work in theater and early film captured the hearts of audiences and garnered critical acclaim.
In addition to her acting career, Lester was an advocate for the rights of actors and was instrumental in the formation of actors’ organizations. She was one of the founding members of the Actors’ Equity Association, an important labor union for stage actors. Her efforts in this regard contributed to improved working conditions and fair treatment for actors in the theater industry.
Lester’s impact on the arts extended beyond her work as an actress. Her advocacy for the welfare and rights of actors left a lasting legacy in the industry, ensuring that the concerns and needs of performers were recognized and addressed.
Kate Lester’s journey from the stages of London to the screens of early cinema is a testament to her talent, versatility, and passion for the arts. Her ability to connect with audiences on an emotional level, both on stage and in film, made her a respected figure in the world of entertainment.
She continued to act in both theater and film until the end of her career, leaving behind a body of work that stands as a testament to her dedication and talent. Her contributions to the arts, her advocacy for the rights of actors, and her legacy as a versatile performer make Kate Lester an enduring figure in the history of theater and early cinema. | FINEWEB-EDU |
User:Firoz Mahmud Khan
'''Name of the Book :
TRANSLATION by Firoz Mahmud Khan
'''
Translator’s Note
'
It is an immense pleasure for me that I have got an opportunity to translate T. S. Eliot’s The love song of J. Alfred Prufrock, the poem which inaugurated an extra-ordinary and modern approach in English poetry regarding its language, content and form and I feel myself fortunate enough too to get the scope of translating a famous poem on our glorious Liberation War of 1971 of poet Sohel Amitabh who is basically a satirist in his spontaneity but exceptionally in this particular poem Guerrilla ’71, has authenticated his unique talent in poetry adding remarkable color to our poor collection of liberation war poems. I feel gratitude to my teacher Dr. Syed Monzoorul Islam for his pertinent advice and cordial attitude in my translating The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock. Needless to say may be, it is his class lectures in my Honors First Year Studentship of English Literature in Dhaka University English Department what makes me so curious and fascinated to The love Song and T. S. Eliot. I can’t but to confess, Dr. Sayed Monzurul Islam almost crystallized the character ‘Prufrock’ before our dreamful minds’ eye with a varied explanation of psychoanalytical, critical, French conventions of literature, modern explanations, symbolist movement, literary devices, poetic techniques and the psychological connections of ideas that jumped at times apparently due to relate the theme sharply along with an explanation of using the punctuation ellipsis what was new to us. He was never tired to explain the poem from different and different angles and from various points of views. “Prufrock’s obscure and divided personality is the outcome of modern matured civilization”, said Monzoor once, indicating to our very individual psychology we carry inside us — was a clear indication to understand the complex character of the poem. For English Literature, it is Mr. Terence Penehrio (former Professor of Notre Dame College, Dhaka and now working as the Head of the Department of English in Gono Bishawbiddaloya) whose blessed guidance became my courage to venture this realm of literature. In this connection I’d like to convey my gratitude to my classmates Asif, Anita, Achintya, Shamim, shahin, Raju and Ashraf for their hearty expectation on my doing the translation seriously. My gratitude goes also to Lilun Nahar Polash my younger sister and my younger brother Farhad Mahmud Khan Parag whose cordial cooperation and delicate suggestions helped me all through the work very positively. And I am grateful also to my mother for her farsightedness to lead me towards the world of English Literature.
In the question of the poem Guerrilla ’71 I’d rather say, it is one of the finest poems written on our Liberation War where through an essence of the true atmosphere of that turmoil situation while nothing became certain in the fate of Bangladesh but we had a strong hope that our motherland would be liberated, is delivered along with the unexpected consequences of our long cherished dream of Independence. A boy of fourteen is the narrator of the poem and nothing unreal he is delivering coherently about his observation to the fact around him. The poem Guerrilla ’71 is exclusively a sequential narrative, started with a dramatic flashback technique, continued its mood in varied rhythms as required for the completion of its contents, made a sudden break in the last phase of the poem with magical words ‘abra ca dabra’ and finally sketched a tragic picture of the guerrilla Bahar of ‘71 who is hopeless about the crucial consequences of freedom for which he fought and who is fighting now for his existence, to meet both ends only in a distant country and disappointed with the faded memory of youth lost in the oily water of the Arabian sea or in the tiresome struggle of existential crisis.
Though the two poems I have dealt with for translation are based on two different subjects, both are sequential, long in pattern and contextual to my time I live in. The crisis of J. Alfred Prufrock as well as the crisis of Guerrilla Bahar of ’71 strikes my consciousness from two different angles but results in one uneasy feeling of disappointment, is there no solution of these sufferings of modern man regarding love and liberty in his personal and national life respectively? Who would answer?
Firoz Mahmud Khan shuchintya@yahoo.com | WIKI |
Presidential Radio Address - 16 February 2008
Good morning. At the stroke of midnight tonight, a vital intelligence law that is helping protect our nation will expire. Congress had the power to prevent this from happening, but chose not to.
The Senate passed a good bill that would have given our intelligence professionals the tools they need to keep us safe. But leaders in the House of Representatives blocked a House vote on the Senate bill, and then left on a 10-day recess.
Some congressional leaders claim that this will not affect our security. They are wrong. Because Congress failed to act, it will be harder for our government to keep you safe from terrorist attack. At midnight, the Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence will be stripped of their power to authorize new surveillance against terrorist threats abroad. This means that as terrorists change their tactics to avoid our surveillance, we may not have the tools we need to continue tracking them -- and we may lose a vital lead that could prevent an attack on America.
In addition, Congress has put intelligence activities at risk even when the terrorists don't change tactics. By failing to act, Congress has created a question about whether private sector companies who assist in our efforts to defend you from the terrorists could be sued for doing the right thing. Now, these companies will be increasingly reluctant to provide this vital cooperation, because of their uncertainty about the law and fear of being sued by class-action trial lawyers.
For six months, I urged Congress to take action to ensure this dangerous situation did not come to pass. I even signed a two-week extension of the existing law, because members of Congress said they would use that time to work out their differences. The Senate used this time productively -- and passed a good bill with a strong, bipartisan super-majority of 68 votes. Republicans and Democrats came together on legislation to ensure that we could effectively monitor those seeking to harm our people. And they voted to provide fair and just liability protection for companies that assisted in efforts to protect America after the attacks of 9/11.
The Senate sent this bill to the House for its approval. It was clear that if given a vote, the bill would have passed the House with a bipartisan majority. I made every effort to work with the House to secure passage of this law. I even offered to delay my trip to Africa if we could come together and enact a good bill. But House leaders refused to let the bill come to a vote. Instead, the House held partisan votes that do nothing to keep our country safer. House leaders chose politics over protecting the country -- and our country is at greater risk as a result.
House leaders have no excuse for this failure. They knew all along that this deadline was approaching, because they set it themselves. My administration will take every step within our power to minimize the damage caused by the House's irresponsible behavior. Yet it is still urgent that Congress act. The Senate has shown the way by approving a good, bipartisan bill. The House must pass that bill as soon as they return to Washington from their latest recess.
At this moment, somewhere in the world, terrorists are planning a new attack on America. And Congress has no higher responsibility than ensuring we have the tools to stop them.
Thank you for listening. | WIKI |
Holopneustes purpurascens
Holopneustes purpurascens is a species of sea urchin found in south eastern Australia. This species is sometimes found wrapped in kelp or sea grass. It is about the size of a golf ball when fully grown, with a distinct purple or lavender colour. | WIKI |
Page:Once a Week, Series 1, Volume II Dec 1859 to June 1860.pdf/331
318 present leddy ower much, for it’s no the positive fac of bein’ well pounded that is delechtful to female apprehension—but joost the pleasin sensation of tarror consequent upon bein lenkit or conjoined to a mon of uncontrawled passions and ready fests. The real refinement of sentiment is waiting for the ‘blaw that’s just a comin,’ but never comes. Hech! but I cud tell you a leetle awnecdut—”
We had not the opportunity of hearing the particulars of the anecdote in question, because at this moment the three Judges entered, and took their seats as before. Mr., Q.C., was now pointed out to me: he was sitting in the lower seat appropriated to the accommodation of the arch-gladiators in this exciting arena, when resting from their toils. He was a lithe, thin man, with acute features, who must have been well sweated in his youth in legal dunghills, and well dosed with the strong waters of the Reports, to bring him into his actual and effective fighting condition. Candour seemed to be the chief and amiable characteristic of his mind. At the same time, I must admit that there was a certain dulness about his appreciation of the force of his adversary’s arguments, which was not a little surprising, when you considered with what acuteness he followed his own to their remotest consequences. Well! I suppose it is all right that Mr. Barber, fore-judged as he is, should have some person to stand up for him, and apologise to the human race in his name for the obloquy he has brought upon our common nature. So Mr. Shuttlecock may begin as soon as he likes. Mr. Shuttlecock did so.
“May it please you, my Luds and Gentlemen of the Jury. I wish I could stand up before you to-day, and submit to your judgment such evidence as would entirely exonerate my client, Mr. Augustus Barber, the Respondent in this case, from the many and serious charges which have been brought against him by his wife, the unfortunate Petitioner, who has been driven, by his desertion, to apply for relief to this Court, and to you. I wish I could do this, Gentlemen; but I tell you at once, frankly and sincerely, that I cannot. I am not in a condition to tell you that Mr. Barber has been in all respects a pattern of conjugal virtue—a model husband—a man whose example you would hold forth to young men about to marry for their instruction and imitation. I think you will agree with me when I say, that no amount of levity—no number of petty domestic vexations, however sedulously and for however long a period consistently and systematically inflicted by the wife upon the husband, justify any Englishman who, for the time being, may be acting in the latter capacity, in proceeding so far as actual desertion of the domestic hearth. I at once fully and heartily condemn Mr. Barber in this respect, that contrary to his faith plighted at the altar—in defiance of the laws of his country—in contempt of the usages of society—he has abandoned that lady whom he had sworn to cherish and protect, no matter what may have been the provocations he received from her in the course of their married life. Still less can I attempt to justify him when his desertion assumes so flagrant a form as that actually charged. No, Gentlemen, it is the duty of an advocate to guide, not to mislead—or rather to endeavour to mislead—a British Jury, though the endeavour would, I am sure, only result in his own confusion. It is the point of honour amongst the gentlemen whom I see around me, and you see before you, in all cases to submit the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, to the consideration of the Jury, and that I will endeavour to do this day. We cannot, I fear, help arriving at the conclusion, that in one important particular Mr. Barber has violated the nuptial pledge; and, therefore, your verdict must be for the lady on that point. I can’t struggle against such a decision. I haven’t a word to say against it. Mrs. Barber is fully entitled to ask for a judicial separation—but not for an absolute dissolution of the marriage—not for an absolute dissolution. In order to do so, she must prove a great deal more than she has been able to prove—for assertions, Gentlemen, are not facts. I fear that the ‘ipsa dixit,’ or ‘she said it,’ is a still more unstable foundation on which to found a decision than the ‘ipse dixit,’ or ‘he said it.’ In either case you, Gentlemen, I am sure, will not be content with the bare assertions of the parties most deeply interested in the event of this trial; but like twelve calm, dispassionate Englishmen, well versed in the ways of the world, will seek for corroboration and external evidence before you arrive at a conclusion which will certainly be pregnant with misery or happiness to the two parties who crave your judgment this day.”
There was considerable moral dignity about the manner in which Mr. Shuttlecock in the first part of his opening evacuated the untenable post, and repudiated all complicity (even as a professional accessory after the fact) with the abandoned husband. In point of fact, when he washed his hands with imaginary soap, and then with a stern Roman gesture waved Mr. Barber away from his chambers, and denied him the benefit of his legal assistance, the learned gentleman carried the Court with him, and I think predisposed the Jury to listen to his after-statements. He might certainly be mistaken himself—his mind might be loaded with prejudice, but all Mr. Shuttlecock desired was fair play.
“Now, Gentlemen, as the law actually stands, and as I am sure his Ludship will tell you, the wife who seeks for an absolute dissolution of the marriage must prove not only what we admit on the first issue, but furthermore make out to the satisfaction of the Jury that her husband has systematically, and cruelly ill-used her. I am not speaking of mere tiffs, mere petty differences of opinion—of the amantium iræ which as the Poet tells us, and tells us truly, are but the renewals of love. It won’t suffice to dissolve an English marriage that the husband did upon one occasion refuse to accompany his wife to hear the Band play at Kensington Gardens, and upon another insisted upon taking her to Broadstairs instead of Brighton. If such outrages as these, however they may rankle in the female mind, were held sufficient to procure a dissolution of our marriages, I fear that many of us would be cast back upon cold comfortless celibacy whilst we were engaged | WIKI |
Can cayenne pepper help with weight loss?
Le piment de Cayenne peut-il aider à perdre du poids ?
Cayenne pepper is a natural herb that can help you lose weight.
This pepper can reduce your appetite, speed up your metabolism and help you burn calories.
Human studies over the past 30 years have shown that chili peppers are safe and effective in promoting weight loss control .
What the scientific studies say
The main active ingredient in cayenne pepper is capsaicin which is considered by some to be nature's greatest stimulant .
Having become a staple of the best fat burners , this ingredient is beneficial on several levels.
Capsaicin is also found in other types of peppers. Scientists reveal that capsaicin is a thermogenic product .
A thermogenic product can help speed up your metabolism by activating a rapid chain of events in the body that help burn fat and break it down in the body as well as decrease your appetite.
When thermogenic foods are ingested, the body's core temperature increases, which speeds up the metabolism.
A faster metabolism equals more calories burned . Instead of containing calories and fat, thermogenic foods are used by the body to digest other foods.
How does capsaicin help you lose weight?
Less cravings
A 2014 study showed that people who ate chili peppers with every meal felt an increased feeling of fullness and had fewer food cravings.
Study results suggest that adding capsaicin to your diet may suppress your appetite . This can lead to decreased calorie intake and increased weight loss.
The study was limited to only 15 subjects. Further research is needed to confirm these results.
Increased metabolism
An older study from 2003 found that women who ate fresh chili peppers increased their metabolic rate for up to 30 minutes after consuming it.
Your metabolic rate affects how quickly your body converts food and drink into energy. When your metabolism is faster, your body is more likely to convert nutrients into energy rather than stored fat.
A 2010 study demonstrated the potential of dihydrocapsiate to increase metabolic rates. Dihydrocapsiate is a capsinoid found in chili peppers. It is similar to capsaicin. People who took a dihydrocapsiate supplement for a month increased their metabolic rate by about 50 calories.
More calories burned
In addition to increasing your metabolism, cayenne pepper helps you burn calories because it is spicy.
When you eat a hot pepper, your body temperature rises. When your body temperature rises, your body goes into cooling mode. This causes your body to burn calories. A 2011 study found that people who dislike spicy foods had better weight loss results when they started taking cayenne pepper capsules.
It is believed that you may develop a tolerance to the effects of chili peppers. As a result, your weight loss may increase the longer you take supplements or eat spicy peppers.
Capsaicin promotes the release of fat from storage in a process called lipolysis.
Capsaicin activates lipase, which breaks down fat so we can use it as fuel. Once fat is released from storage in our adipose tissue and released into the bloodstream, it then circulates through the bloodstream until it can be used for energy.
So capsaicin can help us burn fat more efficiently than diet and exercise alone. This is one of the major benefits of capsicum for weight loss . When we use fat for energy instead of carbohydrates, it leads to weight loss and extra inches.
How Cayenne Peppers Benefit Overall Health
Cayenne peppers can improve your overall health.
A study has revealed that capsaicin has anti-inflammatory and gastroprotective properties. Researchers gave supplements to 198 healthy participants and 178 participants with gastrointestinal disorders. Both groups benefited from the gastrointestinal benefits of the supplements.
Studies in rats suggest that capsaicin may have positive vascular effects. As a result, it may be beneficial for people with diabetes or people obese . It may also help reduce the risk of stroke and arterial hypertension.
How to Add Cayenne Pepper to Your Diet
You can add cayenne pepper to your diet in several ways.
You can buy cayenne pepper powder and add it to your water, smoothie, or protein shake. About 28 grams of fresh chili or 1 gram of dried chili can be enough to provide benefits.
If you're not a fan of the taste of cayenne pepper, try adding it to already tasty dishes. Add small amounts to curries, stews, chili or Mexican dishes. Or include capsaicin as a supplement in your diet. Take 30 to 120 milligram capsules one to three times daily.
You can also make an infusion using up to 1 teaspoon cayenne pepper powder per cup of water. Take a dose of 1 teaspoon of this mixture in a small amount of water several times a day.
Who should not take cayenne pepper
Cayenne pepper in supplement form may not be safe for everyone. Do not take cayenne pepper supplements if:
• You are taking medications that slow blood clotting
• You have scheduled surgery
• You are pregnant or breastfeeding
• You are taking theophylline (Theochron, Uniphyl)
• You are taking medication for high blood pressure
You should also avoid taking cayenne pepper in high doses or for long periods of time. It should also not be given to children.
Cayenne pepper can cause irritation if it comes into contact with your skin. It can cause heartburn or stomach irritation, so start with a low dose to see how your body reacts.
So, is cayenne pepper good for weight loss?
Definitely, but it's not a magic bullet either.
Capsaicin can promote the release of fat from cells and stimulate fat burning. Still, it's up to you to follow a healthy diet and exercise regularly.
A combination of the right foods, adequate activity and effective supplementation remains the key to achieving your weight loss and body composition goals.
Reading next
Comment le chrome aide-il à perdre du poids ?
14 façons pour perdre la graisse des cuisses et tonifier vos jambes | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Dijit’s TabContainer Layout: Easy Tabbed Content
Written by David Walsh on August 22, 2010 · 19 Comments
One of Dojo's major advantages over other JavaScript toolkits is its Dijit library. Dijit is a UI framework comprised of JavaScript widget classes, CSS files, and HTML templates. One very useful layout class is the TabContainer. TabContainer allows you to quickly create a tabbed content layout with minimal effort. Keep reading to see what you can create in just 10 minutes!
Dojo Dijit Tabs
The Basic Dijit HTML
<style type="text/css">
/* bring in the claro theme */
@import "http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/dojo/1.5/dijit/themes/claro/claro.css";
/* bring in the widget-specific CSS classes */
@import "http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/dojo/1.5/dijit/themes/claro/layout/ContentPane.css";
@import "http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/dojo/1.5/dijit/themes/claro/layout/TabContainer.css";
</style>
<body class="claro">
The first piece of HTML requires grabbing the required CSS theme files and adding the theme name as a class to the BODY tag. All widgets on the page will use the claro theme unless otherwise specified. Once we have those details out of the way, we can code the HTML structure of TabContainer and ContentPanes:
<!-- will set the eventual dimensions for the tab container -->
<div style="width:600px;height:300px">
<!-- will host all tabs and their content panes -->
<div dojoType="dijit.layout.TabContainer" id="tabContainer" style="width:100%;height:100%;">
<!-- content panes: title is tab name, make this tab selected -->
<div dojoType="dijit.layout.ContentPane" title="Rod Stewart" selected="true">
<p>Roderick David "Rod" Stewart, CBE (born 10 January 1945)[1] is a British singer-songwriter...</p>
</div>
<!-- content panes: title is tab name, no special features here -->
<div dojoType="dijit.layout.ContentPane" title="Oasis">
<p>Oasis were an English rock band that formed in Manchester in 1991...</p>
</div>
<!-- content panes: title is tab name, make this tab closable -->
<div dojoType="dijit.layout.ContentPane" title="ColdPlay" closable="true" onClose="alert('Closing Tab!');">
<p>Coldplay are an English alternative rock band...</p>
</div>
<!-- content panes: title is tab name, load content remotely, preload -->
<div dojoType="dijit.layout.ContentPane" title="SomeBand" href="some-page.html" preload="true">
<p>Lorem ipsum...</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
You'll notice the dojoType attribute on a few of the DIVs; that means we're creating our widgets declaratively, not programatically. We'll address what that means in a moment. For now, realize that the dojoType attribute's content is the name of the JavaScript class that it will become. The title attribute text will become the actual tab's content. Adding a selected attribute will make the given tab start as the selected tab, and adding a closable attribute will make the tab closable.
So how does Dojo know to turn these boring DIVs into rich widgets? parseonLoad!
Including Dojo with parseOnLoad; Requiring Dijit Widget Classes
<script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/dojo/1.5/dojo/dojo.xd.js" type="text/javascript" djConfig="parseOnLoad:true"></script>
We start by pulling Dojo into the page with a normal SCRIPT tag (AOL CDN, Google CDN, local build). Note that I've added a djConfig attribute with parseOnLoad:true; -- this will instruct Dojo to scour the page looking for Dijit widgets once the required classes have loaded. How do we require the proper classes? By using dojo.require, of course:
<script type="text/javascript">
/* require necessary classes */
dojo.require('dijit.layout.TabContainer');
dojo.require('dijit.layout.ContentPane');
dojo.require('dijit.form.Button');
/* when all classes have loaded... */
dojo.ready(function() {
/*
don't need to do anything programmatically!
parseOnLoad and dojoType does the magic!
*/
});
</script>
With the proper classes loaded, Dojo will now find all widgets and inject widgets into the page as necessary.
That's It?!
Yep. The demo I've provided to me roughly 10 minutes to create. I spent more time looking for information on Wikipedia than I did putting together the tab layout. I really love the declarative method of widget creation -- it's less JavaScript write and quicker to code. What you shouldn't lose sight of is that you can also control the Dijit widget programmatically after it's been created.
Dynamically Adding Tabs
To this point our layout is static and was built declaratively. Let's add a Button widget to the page that, when clicked, adds a new tab to the container:
<button dojoType="dijit.form.Button" id="addButton">Add New Tab</button>
<script type="text/javascript">
dijit.connect('addButton')
dijit.byId('tabContainer').addChild(new dijit.layout.ContentPane({ title:'New Tab!', content:'This is new content!', closable:true }));
</script>
I've used onClick to add a click event listener to the button which programmatically adds a new ContentPane to the TabContainer. We start by grabbing the widget with dijit.byId and proceed to add the new ContentPane instance as a child. The object properties passed as parameters should be self explanatory but there's one more bonus -- if you prefer to loaded content from another file via AJAX, all you need to do is provide the file path via the href property. You may also preload the content of that pane by setting the preload property to true:
<button dojoType="dijit.form.Button" id="addButton" onClick="dijit.byId('tabContainer').addChild(new dijit.layout.ContentPane({ title:'New Tab!', content:'This is new content!', closable:true }));">Add New Tab</button>
Doesn't it seem almost too easy?
TabContainer Accommodations
Dojo Tabs Container
Another awesome part of using Dojo TabContainer is that the class monitors the number of tabs and, if the tabs stretch further than the container's width, will add scrolling left and right controls as well as a table of contents dropdown to easily navigate through the tabs. Additionally, the tab system is completely accessible and keyboard shortcuts work wonderfully!
You may also designate where tabs should display: right-h, left-h, bottom, and top, which is the default. These options are placed within the tabPosition setting:
<div dojoType="dijit.layout.TabContainer" id="tabContainer" style="width:100%;height:100%;" tabPosition="right-h">
Your layout changes simply by providing one parameter!
Possibly the best part about Dijit is just how easy it is to take a static set of HTML markup and make it dynamic, especially when using the dynamic method of widget creation. I encourage you to give Dijit a go by starting with this tutorial. I also encourage you to take a look at Dojo's infamous Theme Tester page. Theme Tester will show you just about every widget within Dijit in one spot.
Have any questions about jumping into Dijit? Ask away!
Comments
1. Dijit works best when used in web apps. I found this breaking after parsing of dojo’s parse on load a lil annoying, but it’s easy to work around with a loader spinner and this code:
dojo.addOnLoad(function() {
dojo.query('#urWraperId').style({display:''});
dojo.query('#urLoaderSpinner').style({display:'none'});
});
2. woow its really cool tabs system Dojo got a nice UI systems?
3. Richard August 24, 2010
Hello David!!!
Great work!!
Do you have this example in jquery framework…? I´m very interested in this solution..
Or, how develope this example on a jquery plattform…?
Regards….and thanks!!!
4. look in while comment :D
awesome tabview, and this is the tab container ck ck ck…
5. Brock Heinz December 28, 2010
Thanks, David.
I just have one question regarding the claro CSS that is applied when the tabs are on the left (tabPosition=”left-h”). When clearing browser cache via a refresh (Command + Shift + R with Firefox), the border is broken on the left hand side of the content pane? Do you know why? I’ve been tinkering with Firebug, but I’m hoping you’ll have a quick answer :)
I’ve tested this with your example here:
http://davidwalsh.name/dw-content/dojo-tabs.php?position=left
Any suggestions?
Thanks,
Brock
6. Brock Heinz December 28, 2010
… hmm, my observation isn’t limited to your example, David. I also see the same issue here: http://archive.dojotoolkit.org/nightly/dojotoolkit/dijit/tests/layout/test_TabContainer.html
Any ideas on how to get around this? Does it happen because the layout dijits begin rendering before the CSS is entirely downloaded and processed by the browser?
7. Piyush Sah March 9, 2011
Here is that piece of code,over here I have declaritively given href to calendar.html…..The calendar.html which is also made with dojo works fine when run alone…But when I do it through my other page called admin.html, the page calendar.html is displayed in teh content pane but it does not show any of the dojo effects like validation & a calendar widget etc..
8. I am looking to add tabbed content to emails that we generate, but find that the code the code that works on the web will not transfer into emails. Will your product generate code that will?
9. Hi all..
how to pass the values dynamically when v add the child tab using tab container..can anyone help me in this..
Thanks in advance…
10. Hi David,
Nice post — thanks.
Do you have any tips on how to style the tabs themselves, i.e. the clickable bits?
Would be nice to be able to round them and possibly make them full width, i.e. expand to fill the whole horizontal space (if there are three, each takes a third of the whole pane width, etc.)
Best regards
11. hello, I m using this tab container but there is a problem. I want to change the css property of the stylesheet claro.css. The property p{} is making some problem to another element of the page. How can I do this??
12. Hi there David,
I’ve been following your blog for a number of years and I think you for your contribution to the net. I have declared a tab container and pragmatically creating tabs dependent on conditions met but, I always get those three long buttons at the top. One pointing down, the other pointing left and finally the last one pointing right. I know I could easily hide these with CSS but would rather not in case I need them later. Also, this does not happen with the declarative example. Any ideas?
• The TabContainer class has “useMenu” and “useSlider” properties — if you set them to “false”, I imagine those controls would go away.
13. Hello, this is really great I have been looking for this kind of example with no luck maybe my search queries to google were not right. Though I have one question. Am developing a data grid and after the information is displayed. I want to provide a link for various information about let’s say an Item, then when clicked I want to add new tab which has data about that item so in my case you add new tab button will be a link in my case and also I want to change the text color of the tab title is active and leave other tabs with the original color. Please help. Thanks
Be Heard
Tip: Wrap your code in <pre> tags or link to a GitHub Gist!
Use Code Editor
Older
Image Reflections with CSS
Newer
Create a Dynamic Flickr Image Search with the Dojo Toolkit | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Python thinks 5 divided by 2 remainders 0
#1
How do I get it to think that 5%2=1?
def purify(a):
x = a
print x
for i in x:
if i % 2 == 0:
print i % 2
else:
print i
x.remove(i)
return x
print purify([4, 5, 5, 4])
print 5 % 2"
#2
I am confused by the question, the problem you have here, lets go through our array. the first item (index 0) is 4, 4 % 2 is zero, so the if statement is true, the second item (index 1) is 5, 5 % 2 is not zero, so else gets executed, and 5 gets removed. Now we have a problem, because now we are going to next item (index 2), but item at index 2 (purify[2]) is now 4. Because you removed an item, the index shifts, and it skips the second 5 (now at index 1). So, you either need to figure out a way to resolve this issue, or you need another, for example appending even numbers to a new list | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:Abyssal/Awards and recognition/4
This barnstar, the first on Wikipedia, is given to recognize particularly fine contributions to Wikipedia, to let people know that their hard work is seen and appreciated. "For your difficult work adding in-line sources to Antarctosaurus, I hereby award you this barnstar. Thanks so much for taking the article under your wing and improving it significantly. If only we had a hundred more editors willing to work on articles like this. Thank you so much." Awarded by: Firsfron of Ronchester (9 July 2008) | WIKI |
Page:A history of Chile.djvu/173
CHAPTER III 1814 TO 1817 THE STRUGGLE FOR FREEDOM SAN MAR- TIN'S EXPEDITION Meanwhile the two Carreras, set at liberty by the treaty, quitted Chilian, August 23rd, 1814, and pro- ceeded to the capital. Their first efforts were directed toward gaining over the troops, for they were still pop- ular with the army at Santiago. This done, they arbi- trarily restored the old junta, of which Jos6 Miguel Carrera himself had been the chief, and abolished the office of supreme-director still filled by Don Francisco de Lastra. This revolution, effected by family influ- ence, force and corrupt measures, aroused the indigna- tion of the citizens of the capital. O'Higgins, still at Talca, was invited to come to Santiago with his troops, to restore order and the legal junta and enforce the fulfilment of the recent terms agreed upon with the viceroy, Abascal, which Carrera and his followers ridi- culed. He set out upon his mission, and met Carrera upon the plains of Maypo. Two armies in Chile en- listed in the same cause of achieving national inde- pendence, faced each other ready to shed patriotic blood, on the banks of the Maypo. There was an inde- cisive combat, and then both sides paused before be- ginning a battle. It can not be said to what extremes 137 | WIKI |
Template:Did you know nominations/Natalya Timakova
Natalya Timakova
Created/expanded by Russavia (talk). Self nom at 15:40, 4 February 2012 (UTC)
* ... that Russian Presidential Press Attaché Natalya Timakova (pictured), rated the 3rd most powerful woman in Russian politics in 2011, allowed Wikipedia to use materials from the Presidential website Kremlin.ru?
* Reviewed this article Y u no be Russavia ლ(ಠ益ಠლ) 03:43, 5 February 2012 (UTC)
* Symbol confirmed.svg Recent expansion/creation + length checks: Prose size (text only): 2242 characters (346 words) "readable prose size". Article created by Russavia on February 4, 2012. Symbol confirmed.svg Article is fully cited with inline citations. Symbol confirmed.svg Article reads as neutral. Symbol confirmed.svg Checked English language sources for plagiarism. Nothing gave me concern. Pictogram voting keep.svg Assuming good faith the book sources and Russian sources contain no plagiarism. Symbol confirmed.svg Image is fine with copyright listed correctly. Symbol confirmed.svg DYK hook supported by sources.
* Symbol question.svg Hook is 208 characters with spaces when ellipse not counted and 198 characters when pictured is not counted. Really close to the maximum length. I'm inclined to pass and would suggest moving to prep area but up to the admins. --LauraHale (talk) 05:30, 5 February 2012 (UTC)
* We usually don't count "(pictured)". --PFHLai (talk) 06:28, 8 February 2012 (UTC) | WIKI |
Page:Flaming Youth black on red.pdf/58
54
FLAMING
YOUTH
She crept away but paused at the door to say wistfully and sullenly: “Just the same, I think you might tell me what didn’t happen.” Late the next afternoon Fred Browning came to the house, having called up Constance at noon. Dee came down to him. “Is everything all right, Dee?” he asked anxiously. The girl nodded. “Yes. The family didn’t wake up. Ill send Con down right away.” But before
Constance
arrived, little Pat entered
side room where he was nervously waiting. at him solemnly, entreatingly, hesitatingly,
the
She looked then burst
out:
“Mr. Browning, will you tell me something?” Her earnestness amused him. “Why, of course,” he said, quite unsuspecting. “I always like to help the young to knowledge. But don’t make it too hard.” “What was it that might have happened to Con last night, that the girls wouldn’t tell me about?” He stared at her, completely aghast. “You young devil!” he breathed. Constance’s quick footsteps sounded on the stairs, and the inquirer was fain to flee, unsated of her curiosity. But she peered back, and her breath came quicker as she saw her pretty sister walk straight, eager, and unashamed into the man’s waiting arms. Pat deemed it the part of prudence to keep herself aloof the rest of the day. Later Fred Browning had a cocktail with Mr. Fentriss and a brief talk on the subject of Constance.
And so they were married. | WIKI |
Page:J Allan Dunn--The Girl of Ghost Mountain.djvu/53
Rh they went no farther. They must be fairly sure they are on the mountain. If one of them is a lady...."
"She's an Easterner," said Jackson. "Calls a mountain a 'mounting'. Like that Vermont chap down to Prieta. What do you aim to do?"
"We've got to send a horse in for Rand to meet the train tomorrow. Suppose you take it, Red. I'll take over your work."
"That suits me. I'd ruther put a crimp in Hollister's schemes than hold four aces in a thousand dollar jack-pot. Not to mention the wimmen. The West may be wild an' woolly yet in spots, but it's usually bin reckoned a safe place for a decent female, an' I aim to hold up my hand in that."
"Then that's settled. And you can see how they stand about Quong at the same time."
But Sheridan was not bothering very much about Quong. He was seeing more plainly the vision of the girl in the notch of the mountain, with the mauve mists trailing about her. It had been stamped upon his mental retina more clearly than he had fancied. He had dismissed it as a trick of the eye but now he seemed to see it plainly, a slim girl upon a big horse, the mane of the beast lifting in the wind.
Was the fact that they had camped on the shore of Lake in the Woods and she had come to the edge of the cliff that evening mere coincidence?
Sheridan had a theory that there was no such thing as coincidence, as generally interpreted. Such related happenings were, he thought, the fruit of seeds not cast at random. If they had not seen | WIKI |
Diverse BBB Debian kommandoer
Dato/klokkeslet
Tidszone:
dpkg-reconfigure tzdata
Stil klokken automatisk:
ntpdate -b -s -u pool.ntp.org
-b Force the time to be stepped using the settimeofday(2) system
call, rather than slewed (default) using the adjtime(2) system
call. This option should be used when called from a startup file
at boot time.
-s Divert logging output from the standard output (default) to the
system syslog(3) facility. This is designed primarily for conve-
nience of cron(8) scripts.
-u Direct ntpdate to use an unprivileged port for outgoing packets.
This is most useful when behind a firewall that blocks incoming
traffic to privileged ports, and you want to synchronise with
hosts beyond the firewall. Note that the -d option always uses
unprivileged ports.
Stil klokken manuelt:
date -s "Aug 3 17:41 CEST 2015"
Skriv et svar
This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Protagonist Reports Second Quarter 2025 Financial Results and Provides Corporate Update
NDA for icotrokinra for the treatment of adults and adolescents 12 years of age and older with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis (PsO) submitted to U.S. FDA in July
ANTHEM Phase 2b trial data of icotrokinra in ulcerative colitis scheduled for an oral presentation at the 33rd United European Gastroenterology Week (UEGW) on October 7th
Phase 3 VERIFY trial data set of rusfertide in polycythemia vera (PV) presented during plenary session at ASCO; U.S. NDA filing on track for Q4
Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities of $673.0 million as of June 30, 2025, anticipated to provide cash runway through at least end of 2028
NEWARK, CA / ACCESS Newswire / August 6, 2025 / Protagonist Therapeutics (Nasdaq:PTGX) ("Protagonist" or "the Company") today reported financial results for the second quarter ended June 30, 2025, and provided a corporate update.
"Thus far, 2025 has been a year of breakthrough accomplishments for Protagonist, as we saw rusfertide the topic of the prestigious ASCO Plenary Session in May, the announcement of an oral and injectable triple agonist anti-obesity peptide development candidate in June, and most recently the first ever NDA filing of icotrokinra for psoriasis last month," said Dinesh V. Patel, Ph.D., the Company's President and CEO. "Over the coming months, we look forward to the NDA filing of rusfertide for polycythemia vera, and advancing our wholly owned early-stage assets PN-881 and PN-477 into clinical and IND-enabling studies respectively."
Second Quarter 2025 Recent Developments and Upcoming Milestones
Rusfertide: Subcutaneous Injectable Hepcidin Mimetic for Polycythemia Vera (PV) and Other Blood Disorders
The full data set from the positive Phase 3 VERIFY trial of rusfertide in PV was presented during the prestigious plenary session at the 2025 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting on Sunday, June 1st.
The Company hosted an investor conference call on Monday, June 2nd discussing data shared during the plenary presentation. A replay of the call and accompanying presentation is available on the Company's Investor Relations Events and Presentations webpage here.
Rusfertide U.S. NDA filing for treatment of patients with PV, by partner Takeda Pharmaceuticals, expected in Q4 of this year.
Icotrokinra (JNJ-2113): Oral IL-23 Receptor Antagonist
On July 21st, the Company and its partner Johnson and Johnson announced the first icotrokinra NDA filing for the treatment of adults and adolescents 12 years of age and older with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis (PsO). The application included data from four pivotal Phase 3 studies conducted as part of the ICONIC clinical development program, including ICONIC-LEAD, ICONIC-TOTAL and ICONIC-ADVANCE 1 & ICONIC-ADVANCE 2.
On May 9th, data from the Phase 3 ICONIC-TOTAL study in difficult-to-treat scalp and genital psoriasis was presented at the Society for Investigative Dermatology Annual Meeting held in San Diego from May 7-10th. On April 10th, data from the adolescent cohort of the Phase 3 ICONIC-LEAD study in moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis was presented as a late-breaking abstract at the 2025 World Congress of Pediatric Dermatology (WCPD).
On March 10th, positive top line results from the Phase 2b ANTHEM trial in moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (UC) were announced. The full data set is scheduled for an oral presentation at the 33rd United European Gastroenterology Week (UEGW) on October 7th.
Development Pipeline:First-in-Class Oral IL-17 Peptide Antagonist (PN-881) & GLP-1, GIP, & GCG Triple Agonist (PN-477)
On June 30th, the Company hosted an investor call announcing the selection of PN-477, a potential best-in-class GLP-1, GIP, GCG receptor triple agonist peptide with oral and subcutaneous routes of administration, as a development candidate for the treatment of obesity. A replay of the call and accompanying presentation is available on the Company's Investor Relations Events and Presentations webpage here.
On May 9th, preclinical data on PN-881 was presented at the Society for Investigative Dermatology (SID) Annual Meeting held in San Diego from May 7-10th. Key takeaways from the pre-clinical characterization of the IL-17 oral peptide antagonist PN-881: Potently and selectively binds IL-17A and -17F, blocking the three dimeric forms of the cytokine. Nanomolar to picomolar in vitro potency comparable to bimekizumab and superior (70-fold) to secukinumab. Metabolic stability in several matrices across several species, making it a suitable candidate for oral delivery. Pharmocodynamic-based target engagement in a mouse IL-17 challenge model after oral dosing. Dose-dependent efficacy with significant reduction in skin thickness in a 5-day rat IL-23 induced skin inflammation model after oral dosing.
Second Quarter 2025 Financial Results
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities: Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities as of June 30, 2025, were $673.0 million as compared to $559.2 million as of December 31, 2024.
License and Collaboration Revenue: License and collaboration revenue of $5.5 million and $4.2 million for the second quarter of 2025 and 2024, respectively, was comprised of development services we provided under the Takeda collaboration agreement. License and collaboration revenue of $33.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 was comprised of (i) proportional recognition of a $25 million milestone earned from Takeda in Q1 25, and (ii) development services we provided during the period. License and collaboration revenue of $259.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 included (i) $254.1 million of the $300.0 million initial transaction price for the Takeda collaboration agreement allocated to the rusfertide license upon effectiveness of the agreement, and (ii) development services we provided during the period.
Research and Development ("R&D") Expense: The increases in R&D expense from the prior year periods were primarily due to increases in pre-clinical and drug discovery research expenses, including costs related to our new product candidates, IL-17 oral peptide antagonist PN-881 and obesity triple agonist peptide PN-477, partially offset by decreases in rusfertide expenses related to the Phase 3 VERIFY clinical trial.
General and Administrative ("G&A") Expense: The increase in G&A expense for the second quarter of 2025 from the prior year period was primarily due to increases in stock-based compensation and other personnel-related expenses. The decrease in G&A expense for the six months ended June 30, 2025 from the prior year period was primarily due to $4.6 million in advisory and legal fees recognized in 2024 related to the Takeda collaboration, partially offset by increases in stock-based compensation expense and other personnel-related expenses.
Net (Loss) Income: Net loss was $34.8 million, or $0.55 per basic and diluted share, for the second quarter of 2025 as compared to net loss of $30.6 million, or $0.50 per basic and diluted share, for the second quarter of 2024. Net loss was $46.4 million, or $0.73 per basic and diluted share, for the six months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to net income of $176.7 million, or $2.89 per basic share and $2.77 per diluted share, for the six months ended June 30, 2024, which included recognition of $259.1 million revenue related to the Takeda collaboration agreement upfront payment of $300.0 million.
About Protagonist
Protagonist Therapeutics is a discovery through late-stage development biopharmaceutical company. Two novel peptides derived from Protagonist's proprietary discovery platform are currently in advanced Phase 3 clinical development, with a New Drug Application (NDA) for icotrokinra submitted to the FDA in July and an NDA submission for rusfertide expected by end of 2025. Icotrokinra (formerly, JNJ-2113), a first-in-class investigational targeted oral peptide that selectively blocks the Interleukin-23 receptor ("IL-23R") is licensed to J&J Innovative Medicines ("JNJ"), formerly Janssen Biotech, Inc. Following icotrokinra's joint discovery by Protagonist and JNJ scientists pursuant to the companies' IL-23R collaboration, Protagonist was primarily responsible for development of icotrokinra through Phase 1, with JNJ assuming responsibility for development in Phase 2 and beyond. Rusfertide, a mimetic of the natural hormone hepcidin, is currently in Phase 3 development for the rare blood disorder polycythemia vera (PV). Rusfertide is being co-developed and will be co-commercialized with Takeda Pharmaceuticals pursuant to a worldwide collaboration and license agreement entered in 2024 under which the Company remains primarily responsible for development through NDA filing. The Company also has a number of pre-clinical stage drug discovery programs addressing biologically and commercially validated targets, including IL-17 oral peptide antagonist PN-881, obesity triple agonist peptide PN-477, and the oral hepcidin program.
More information on Protagonist, its pipeline drug candidates and clinical studies can be found on the Company's website at https://www.protagonist-inc.com/.
Cautionary Note on Forward-Looking Statements
This press release contains forward-looking statements for purposes of the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements include statements regarding the potential benefits of icotrokinra and rusfertide, the timing of icotrokinra and rusfertide clinical trials, and timing of developments and announcements in our discovery programs. In some cases, you can identify these statements by forward-looking words such as "anticipate," "believe," "may," "will," "expect," or the negative or plural of these words or similar expressions. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results and events to differ materially from those anticipated, including, but not limited to, our ability to develop and commercialize our product candidates, our ability to earn milestone payments under our collaboration agreements with Janssen and Takeda, our ability to use and expand our programs to build a pipeline of product candidates, our ability to obtain and maintain regulatory approval of our product candidates, our ability to operate in a competitive industry and compete successfully against competitors that have greater resources than we do, and our ability to obtain and adequately protect intellectual property rights for our product candidates. Additional information concerning these and other risk factors affecting our business can be found in our periodic filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including under the heading "Risk Factors" contained in our most recently filed periodic reports on Form 10-K and Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance, and our actual results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, and the development of the industry in which we operate, may differ materially from the forward-looking statements contained in this press release. Any forward-looking statements that we make in this press release speak only as of the date of this press release. We assume no obligation to update our forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date of this press release.
Investor Relations Contact
Corey Davis, Ph.D. LifeSci Advisors cdavis@lifesciadvisors.com +1 212 915 2577
Media Relations Contact
Virginia Amann ENTENTE Network of Companies virginiaamann@ententeinc.com +1 833 500 0061 ext 1
PROTAGONIST THERAPEUTICS, INC. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) (Amounts in thousands except share and per share data)
(1) Amount includes non-cash stock-based compensation expense.
Stock-based Compensation (Unaudited, in thousands)
PROTAGONIST THERAPEUTICS, INC. Selected Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet Data (Unaudited, In thousands)
SOURCE: Protagonist Therapeutics
View the original press release on ACCESS Newswire | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Page:Wee Willie Winkie, and other stories (1890).djvu/72
66 Army will be a beautifully unreliable machine. It will know too much and it will do too little. Later still, when all men are at the mental level of the officer of to-day it will sweep the earth. Speaking roughly, you must employ either blackguards or gentlemen, or, best of all, blackguards commanded by gentlemen, to do butcher's work with efficiency and despatch. The ideal soldier should, of course, think for himself—the Soldier's Pocket-book says so. Unfortunately, to attain this virtue he has to pass through the phase of thinking of himself, and that is misdirected genius. A blackguard may be slow to think for himself, but he is genuinely anxious to kill, and a little punishment soon teaches him how to guard his own skin and perforate another's. A powerfully prayerful Highland regiment, officered by rank Presbyterians, is, perhaps, one degree more terrible in action than a hard-bitten thousand of irresponsible Irish ruffians led by most improper young unbelievers. But these things prove the rule—which is that the midway men are not to be trusted alone. They have ideas about the value of life and an up-bringing that has not taught them to go on and take the chances. They are carefully unprovided with a backing of comrades who have been shot over, and until that backing is re-introduced, as a great many Regimental Commanders intend it shall be, they are more liable to disgrace themselves than the size of the Empire or the dignity of the Army allows. Their officers are as good as good can be, because their training begins early, and has arranged that a clean-run youth of the British middle-classes shall, in the matter of backbone, brains and bowels, surpass all other youths. For this reason a child of eighteen will stand up, doing nothing, with a tin sword in his hand and joy in his heart until he is dropped. If he dies, he dies like a gentleman. If he lives, he writes Home that he has been "potted," "sniped," "chipped," or "cut over," and sits down to besiege Government for a wound-gratuity until the next little war breaks out, when he perjures himself before a Medical Board, blarneys his Colonel, burns incense | WIKI |
Arizona State Route 195
State Route 195 (SR 195), also known as the Robert A. Vaughan Expressway, is a 22.08 mi state highway in Yuma County, Arizona, United States, that serves the Yuma area. It begins in Yuma east of downtown, intersecting with Interstate 8 (I‑8) and heads south and then west, coming to an end at the intersection with Avenue E½ near San Luis.
Route description
SR 195 exists as mainly a divided highway that has been designed to be upgraded to a freeway in the future. It is officially named the Robert A. Vaughan Expressway, honoring the then-director of the Yuma Metropolitan Planning Organization during the highway's planning.
History
The only connection from I-8 to the San Luis Port of Entry was US 95, which runs as a surface street through the downtown business districts of Yuma, San Luis and Somerton. The area has experienced significant population growth since the 2000 Census. In the period from 2000–2005, the city of Yuma grew in population by 9.3%, the city of San Luis grew by 41.3%, and the town of Somerton grew by 38.6%, and anticipation that the growth trend will continue has fueled concerns about increasing traffic congestion. Additionally, the Yuma Metropolitan Planning Organization (YMPO) has estimated that commercial truck traffic through the San Luis port to increase to over 12,000 daily by 2015.
Planning for the construction of SR 195 was implemented in response to these concerns. As of 1999, YMPO has secured an agreement with the state Department of Transportation to assist with funding for the project. In addition to addressing traffic concerns for the area, the highway will provide access for a proposed new port of entry east of San Luis. YMPO envisions these projects, along with potential expansion of cargo operations at the Yuma International Airport, as being parts of a concerted effort to increase the area's importance in regional and international trade and commerce. SR 195 was planned on November 15, 2002.
Construction of the northern end of SR 195 began in late October 2007, and was completed September 2009. | WIKI |
In re Allan CORMIER, Deborah Cormier, Debtors.
No. 09-44865-HJB.
United States Bankruptcy Court, D. Massachusetts, Central Division.
Sept. 27, 2012.
Walter Oney, Attorney at Law, Fitch-burg, MA, for Debtor.
MEMORANDUM OF DECISION
HENRY J. BOROFF, Bankruptcy Judge.
Before the Court is a request by the debtors in this Chapter 13 case to modify their confirmed plan. The Chapter 13 trustee (the “Trustee”) has objected to the proposed modification on the grounds that the debtors have not provided for payment of all of their projected disposable income into the proposed amended plan. To resolve the issues in this case, the Court must determine whether the disposable income requirement of § 1322(b) of the United States Bankruptcy Code applies to Chapter 13 plan modifications under § 1329 and, if so, whether a plan proposed by a below-median debtor must provide for the commitment of all of the debtor’s disposable income during the portion of a Chapter 13 plan that extends beyond three years.
I. FACTS AND TRAVEL OF THE CASE
Allan and Deborah Cormier (the “Debtors”) filed a petition for relief under Chapter 13 of the Bankruptcy Code on November 13, 2009. As part of the required financial schedules and statements (the “Schedules”) filed with the case, the Debtors reported income less than the applicable median for a household of the same size in Massachusetts; thus, the Debtors are “below-median” debtors, thereby obviating application of the so-called “means test” set forth in § 707(b). In their later-amended Schedules, the Debtors reported $5,715.07 in monthly net income on Schedule I and $5,368.02 in monthly expenses on Schedule J, leaving a monthly surplus of $347.05.
On June 23, 2011, the Court confirmed the Debtors’ Chapter 13 plan of reorganization (the “Plan”). The Plan required the Debtors to pay $407 per month for 36 months, to be paid toward prepetition mortgage loan arrears in the amount of $1,628.17 and attorney’s fees in the amount of $1,874. The remainder would provide an estimated 4.26% dividend to general unsecured creditors. The Plan further provided for the avoidance of both a wholly unsecured second mortgage and a judicial lien on the Debtors’ residence. A second piece of real property would be surrendered to a mortgagee.
The Plan also included several “miscellaneous provisions.” Miscellaneous Provision 7 explained that the Debtors’ Plan was a “pot plan,”
in which the total of all payments in respect of non-priority unsecured claims (including the unsecured portion of un-dersecured claims) is a constant amount. The percentage dividend stated in this plan is an estimate based on claims currently known to the Debtor(s) and does not govern the amount of payments to non-priority unsecured creditors. Non-priority unsecured creditors are advised that they may receive more or less than the percentage dividend stated in this plan.
Third Amended Chapter 13 Plan 6, Dec. 27, 2010, ECF No. 84. In addition to the monthly payments to be made from the Debtors’ surplus monthly income, the Plan also required the Debtors to pay over any bonuses and tax refunds received during the term of the Plan (the “Excess Funds”), with the exception of a portion of the 2009 Excess Funds retained by the Debtors to repair one of their vehicles.
On March 22, 2012, the Debtors moved to modify the Plan and filed the proposed postconfirmation modified plan (the “Amended Plan”). On the same day, the Debtors’ attorney also filed an application for approval of additional attorney’s fees (the “Fee Application”). According to the Fee Application, the outstanding fees (if approved) totaled $2,820.58 after deduction of the prepetition retainer and amounts previously received from the Chapter 13 trustee (the “Trustee”). The Fee Application anticipated that those remaining fees would be paid “out of performance bonuses and tax refunds received during the remainder of the case, or following the case.” Fee Application 1, March 22, 2012, ECF No. 122.
The Trustee objected to the Fee Application in part, arguing that, pursuant to the confirmed Plan, the Excess Funds could not be used to pay additional attorney’s fees, since those funds were required to be turned over to the Trustee for distribution. In response, the Debtors argued that the “applicable commitment period” under § 1322(b)(4) would end on November 13, 2012, and they would have no obligation to commit all of their disposable income to a Chapter 13 plan after that date. Accordingly, the Debtors said, they could retain the Excess Funds and use them to pay their attorney’s fees.
On April 24, 2012, the Court held a hearing on the Fee Application (the “Fee Hearing”). The reasonableness and propriety of the requested fee amount was not disputed, leaving only the issue of how those fees were to be paid. During the Fee Hearing, the Court ruled that since the Excess Funds remained property of the Debtors’ bankruptcy estate, they must be turned over to the Trustee. The Court further stated that, although payments to secured creditors may sometimes be made “outside” of a Chapter 18 plan, payment to an administrative creditor outside the plan is inconsistent with the Chapter 13 trustee program and would be improper in this case. Thus, the Court ordered the Debtors to further amend their plan to provide for the turnover of Excess Funds to the Trustee and payment of the attorney’s fees through the plan. Because the Debtor’s proposed Amended Plan and the Trustee’s objection thereto (the “Plan Objection”) remained outstanding, the Court extended the deadline for the Debtors to file the further amended plan until resolution of the Plan Objection.
Postconfirmation modification of the Debtors’ Plan has been necessitated by the incurrence of substantial postpetition tax claims arising from the foreclosure of the real property surrendered under the confirmed Plan. Through the Amended Plan, the Debtors propose to pay $15,000 now owed to the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS Claim”), while a postpetition liability to the Massachusetts Department of Revenue (the “MDOR Claim”) is to be paid outside of the Amended Plan. The Amended Plan extends the term of the plan from 36 to 60 months, and the plan payment has been increased to $555 per month. Any further distribution to general unsecured creditors ceases under the Amended Plan, thus fixing the dividend at 5.65% based on the proofs of claim actually filed in the case; all payments under the Amended Plan are dedicated to the payment of postpetition priority and administrative claims.
Furthermore, as in the Fee Application, the Amended Plan provides for payment of the additional attorney’s fees from the Excess Funds. It also states that the Debtors will retain a $3,318.54 bonus received in 2011 in order to pay $2,995 on the MDOR Claim and $323.54 for “unscheduled expenses.” And finally, in Miscellaneous Provision 9, the Amended Plan allows the Debtors to “prepay their obligations under the plan at any time after the third anniversary of this case, provided that all disposable income attributable to the applicable commitment period has been devoted to plan payments as required by law.” Fourth Amended Post-Confirmation Chapter 13 Plan 6, March 22, 2012, ECF No. 120.
The Trustee has objected to the Amended Plan on the grounds that it does not provide for turnover of all the Debtors’ disposable income during the extended term of the plan. She objects to any prepayment of the Amended Plan to the extent a prepayment is to be accomplished through the use of the Excess Funds, which, under the confirmed Plan, are already required to be turned over to the Trustee. The Debtors assert in response that the disposable income requirement does not apply to postconfirmation plan modifications and, as below-median debtors, they are not required to submit all of their disposable income to the Amended Plan beyond the first 36 months. After a hearing on the Trustee’s Plan Objection and the Debtors’ response, the Court took the matter under advisement.
II. POSITIONS OF THE PARTIES
The Trustee’s Plan Objection largely centers on the Debtors’ attempt to retain the Excess Funds either for personal use or to make payments on postpetition priority debts outside the Amended Plan. The Trustee maintains that the Debtors are required by § 1325(b)(1)(B) to submit all of their disposable income to the Chapter 13 plan during the life of the plan. The Debtors argue, however, that this Court should adopt the majority view that post-confirmation modification of a plan pursuant to § 1329 does not require compliance with § 1325(b), and the Amended Plan is thus not subject to the disposable income requirement of subsection (b)(1)(B). The Debtors ask the Court to consider a debt- or’s disposable income as only one factor among others in determining whether, under the totality of the circumstances, the modification has been proposed in good faith.
And the Debtors further maintain that even if the Court determines that § 1325(b) applies to postconfirmation plan modifications, the Amended Plan meets § 1325(b)’s disposable income test. Because the Debtors are below-median debtors, they say that the “applicable commitment period” is only three years and will end in November 2012. The Debtors interpret the 2005 amendments to the Bankruptcy Code (“BAPCPA”) as having altered the meaning of § 1325(b)(1), now requiring below-median debtors to pay all of their disposable income only during the statutorily-defined, three-year “applicable commitment period.” Thus, the Debtors argue, below-median debtors are required to devote all of their disposable income to a Chapter 13 plan only during the first three years of the plan, even if the plan extends for more than those three years. A contrary reading of the statute, the Debtors say, would “trap” them “into paying all of their monthly net income for sixty months,” and would create a “ ‘gotcha’ rule ... contrary to the plain language of the statute.” Response to Trustee’s Objection to Confirmation of Fourth Amended Chapter 13 Plan 5, April 30, 2012, ECF No. 130.
For just such a contrary reading, the Trustee points to a recent case from New Hampshire, in which Judge Deasy rejected an argument identical to the one presented by the Debtors in this case. In In re Rodger, 423 B.R. 591 (Bankr.D.N.H.2010), Judge Deasy ruled that below-median debtors must pay all of their disposable income into the Chapter 13 plan for the entire term of the plan, even if it extends beyond the three-year applicable commitment period. The Trustee urges this Court to accept the reasoning in Rodger and hold that, when below-median debtors voluntarily extend the length of a Chapter 13 plan beyond the three-year applicable period, they must comply with the disposable income requirement of § 1325(b) through the entire life of the plan.
Finally, while the Trustee objects to the “prepayment” option in the Amended Plan, she has conceded that she does “not object to the possibility of the prepayment.” Plan Objection 5, April 23, 2012, ECF 129. Instead, the Trustee objects to that provision’s assumption that the Excess Funds are not already required to be paid into the Amended Plan, reiterating her argument that “the Debtors must account for the bonus income and tax refunds during the full term of the Post-confirmation Plan.” Id. And, consistent with the previous limited objection to the Fee Application, the Trustee also objects to the payment of attorney’s fees outside the plan.
III. DISCUSSION
So long as the Debtors remain in Chapter 13, the Excess Funds are property of their bankruptcy estate, see 11 U.S.C. §§ 541, 1306(a); see also In re Rangel, 233 B.R. 191, 193-94 (Bankr.D.Mass.1999); Matos v. Rivera (In re Matos), 478 B.R. 506, 2012 WL 4479079 (1st Cir. BAP 2012), and constitute a portion of the Debtors’ “disposable income” under § 1325(b)(2). Pursuant to § 1325(b)(1), at the time the original Plan was confirmed, the Debtors were required to devote all of their projected disposable income, including the Excess Funds, to make payments under the Plan. Section 1325(b)(1) states that, if the Chapter 13 trustee or an unsecured creditor objects to confirmation, then a Chapter 18 plan cannot be confirmed unless all projected disposable income is used to make payments under the plan — the “disposable income test.” 11 U.S.C. § 1325(b)(1). That section provides, in relevant part:
(b)(1) If the trustee or the holder of allowed unsecured claim objects to the confirmation of the plan, then the court may not approve the plan unless, as of the effective date of the plan—
(B) the plan provides that all of the debtor’s projected disposable income to be received in the applicable commitment period ... will be applied to make payments to unsecured creditors under the plan.
11 U.S.C. § 1325(b)(1).
Under the proposed Amended Plan, however, the Debtors intend to turn over the Excess Funds to the Trustee only until November 2012 (the three-year anniversary of the Plan), and to retain the Excess Funds during the remainder of the term of the Amended Plan. They argue that this is permissible either because (i) the disposable income test of § 1325(b) does not apply to Chapter 13 plan modifications under § 1329 or (ii) they are required only to turn over all disposable income during the three-year “applicable commitment period” specified in § 1325(b)(4), even if the plan term is extended beyond three years.
A. Applicability of the Disposable Income Test under § 1325(b) to Postconfirmation Plan Modifications under § 1329
Section 1329 governs the modification of a confirmed plan, and provides, in relevant part:
(a) At any time after confirmation of the plan but before the completion of payments under such plan, the plan may be modified, upon request of the debt- or, the trustee, or the holder of an allowed unsecured claim, to—
(1) Increase or reduce the amount of payments on claims of a particular class provided for by the plan;
(2) Extend or reduce the time for such payments;
(b)(1) Sections 1322(a), 1322(b), and 1323(c) of this title and the requirements of section 1325(a) of this title apply to any modification under subsection (a) of this section.
(c) A plan modified under this section may not provide for payments over a period that expires after the applicable commitment period under section 1325(b)(1)(B) ..., unless the court, for cause, approves a longer period, but the court may not approve a period that expires after five years....
[s]ome courts hold that § 1325(b) does not apply to modification because § 1329(b)(1) fails to reference the subsection. Other courts hold that § 1325(b) applies to modification because the preface of § 1325(a) cross-references § 1325(b). Subsection (1) of § 1325(a) has also been cited as a means of incorporating § 1325(b). Different rules of statutory construction can be employed to support either position.
11 U.S.C. § 1329 (emphasis supplied). Here, the Debtors request modification of the Plan in order to account for payment of postpetition priority claims and to extend the term of the plan in order to accommodate payment of those claims. In so modifying the Plan, however, they say that the disposable income test of § 1325(b) does not apply because that provision is not made expressly applicable to plan modifications under § 1329(b)(1).
The applicability of § 1325(b) to post-confirmation plan modifications under § 1329(b) has been much debated;
In re Fields, 269 B.R. 177, 179 (Bankr.S.D.Ohio 2001) (citations omitted).
The Debtors urge the Court to adopt the reasoning employed by the Ninth Circuit Bankruptcy Appellate Panel and the majority of courts to follow, namely, that “the plain language of § 1329(b) does not mandate satisfaction of the disposable income test of § 1325(b)(1)(B) with respect to modified plans.” In re Sunahara, 326 B.R. 768, 781 (9th Cir. BAP 2005). According to this “exclusion” approach, the failure of § 1329(b)(1) to specifically reference § 1325(b) means that the provisions of § 1325(b) simply do not apply to post-confirmation plan modifications. Accordingly, those courts have declined to require compliance with the disposable income test, reserving consideration of a debtor’s disposable income as but one factor in assessing whether the modification has been proposed in good faith, as required by § 1325(a). See, e.g., Sunahara, 326 B.R. at 781.
This Court finds the majority’s logic reasonable, but (as another court has characterized it) “debatable.” In re Keller, 329 B.R. 697, 700 (Bankr.E.D.Cal.2005). Looking solely to the named provisions in § 1329(b)(1), and § 1325(b)’s notable absence therefrom, it is easy to conclude that § 1325(b)’s requirements do not apply to postconfirmation modifications. A closer reading of the applicable provisions, however, demonstrates that § 1325(b) is applicable to such modifications, by operation of § 1325(a). As the Keller court explained:
[t]he omission of section 1325(b) from section 1329(b) should not be taken to mean that section 1325(b) is not applicable to modified plans. Section 1329(b) requires that a modified plan comply with section 1325(a). Section 1325(a), in turn, provides that “[ejxcept as provided in subsection (b), the court shall confirm a plan if’ the six requirements of sections 1325(a)(1) — (a)(6) are satisfied.... Rather than read section 1325(b) as always qualifying section 1325(a), the [exclusion approach] in effect interpreted the first phrase in section 1325(a) as if it read, “if subsection (b) applies.” The cross-reference in section 1325(a) to section 1325(b) suggests that subsection (b) comes into play whenever subsection (a) is applicable.
Id. at 702 (emphasis supplied).
The Keller court found no solace in the notion that the trustee and unsecured creditors could still object to postconfirmation plan modification on grounds that a debtor lacked good faith in proposing the modified plan. Instead, the court there opined that such an approach “once again threatens to place chapter 13 débtors at the mercy of a good faith standard that is sure to produce disparate results and be arbitrary in its application.” Id. at 702-03. The court found this result an anathema to the purpose of the 1984 amendments to the Bankruptcy Code, which added § 1325(b) to curb the lack of uniformity that frequently arose from the resort to a good faith standard in determining whether the amounts debtors proposed to pay into a Chapter 13 plan were sufficient. Keller, 329 B.R. at 702-703 (citing, quoting Oversight Hr’g on Personal Bankr. Before the Subcomm. on Monopolies and Commercial Law of the House Comm, on the Judiciary, 97th Cong., 1st and 2nd Sess. 184-85, testimony of Judge Conrad K. Cyr.); see also In re Heideker, 455 B.R. 263, 272 (Bankr.M.D.Fla.2011) (reliance on the “good faith” requirement of § 1325(a)(3) to prevent potentially abusive modifications was “ironic given that section 1325(b) was added to the Bankruptcy Code in 1984 to resolve the ‘spate of discordant judicial opinions’ regarding the application of the ‘good faith’ standard”).
In a more recent case, the court in In re Heideker similarly concluded that § 1325(b) applies to postconfirmation plan modifications, as that section is implicitly incorporated through the applicability of § 1325(a). 455 B.R. at 269. The Heideker court also rejected the argument in favor of the exclusion approach raised in In re Davis, where the court held that § 1329’s reference to the “requirements of § 1325(a)” refers only to the conditions imposed by subsections (a)(1) through (a)(9) and does not include the “exceptions” found in § 1325(b). 439 B.R. 863, 867 (Bankr.N.D.I11.2010). Instead, the Heideker court noted that compliance with § 1325(b) “is a requirement (i.e., a requisite or essential condition) if the trustee or a holder of an unsecured claim objects to plan confirmation.” Heideker, 455 B.R. at 269-70 (emphasis supplied).
The Heideker court further responded to the assertion that application of § 1325(b) and its “applicable commitment period” requirements to postconfirmation modifications would render § 1329(a)(2) meaningless. Noting that § 1329(a)(2) allows modification of a plan to reduce the time for making plan payments, some courts have found that reduction of plan length would be impossible, and thus the provision rendered meaningless, for an above-median debtor if § 1325(b) also applied, since § 1325(b) mandates a 5-year commitment period for those debtors — no less. But the Heideker court was not persuaded, noting instead that while an above-median debtor would not be able to reduce the length of the plan to under 5 years if unsecured creditors were not paid in full (thus arguably making it impossible for such debtors to modify a plan under § 1329(a)(2)), the provision was not rendered meaningless because it would continue to apply to a below-median debtor seeking to reduce the length of a plan originally confirmed for more than 3 years. Id. at 270; see 11 U.S.C. § 1322(d)(2).
The Heideker court also rightly noted that the failure to apply § 1325(b) requirements to postconfirmation plan modifications would invite abuses of the modification process — encouraging debtors to attempt an end-run around § 1325(b)’s requirements by confirming a compliant plan then requesting modification of the plan to avoid further compliance with that section. And the Heideker court agreed with the court’s observation in In re King, 439 B.R. 129, 136 (Bankr.S.D.Ill.2010), that application of § 1325(b)’s disposable income test to postconfirmation modification was more logical in light of a trustee’s or creditor’s ability to request modification when a debtor’s income increases postpetition. Heideker, 455 B.R. at 270-71.
This Court agrees with Judge Hillman’s conclusion in In re Martin, that the “arguments excluding the application of [§ 1325(b) ] are not as strong as the ones to include it.” 232 B.R. 29, 37 (Bankr.D.Mass.1999). Therefore, the Court adopts the analyses presented by the Keller and Heideker courts, and holds that the requirements of § 1325(b) apply to post-confirmation modifications under § 1829 when a trustee or creditor objects to the proposed modified plan. See also, In re Stretcher, 466 B.R. 891 (Bankr.W.D.Tex.2011). Accordingly, the disposable income test applies to the Debtors’ Amended Plan, and to the extent the Amended Plan does not conform to the requirements of § 1325(b), it cannot be confirmed.
B. Application of the Disposable Income Test beyond the Applicable Commitment Period
In light of the Trustee’s Plan Objection, the disposable income test is implicated and the plan cannot be confirmed unless it “provides that all of the debtor’s projected disposable income to be received in the applicable commitment period ... will be applied to make payments to unsecured creditors under the plan,” 11 U.S.C. § 1325(b)(1)(B) (emphasis supplied). Because the Debtors are below-median debtors, § 1325(b)(4)(A)(i) defines the “applicable commitment period” as three years, see 11 U.S.C. § 1325(b)(4)(A)(i), and the plan term may be extended for longer than three years (although no more than five) only if the Court, “for cause, approves a longer period,” 11 U.S.C. § 1322(d)(2).
The Debtors argue that although the plan term may be extended “for cause,” as they propose in the Amended Plan, the “applicable commitment period” during which they are required to apply all disposable income remains three years. Thus, according to the Debtors, they are not required to devote all of their disposable income to the Amended Plan during years four and five, and may use those funds to pay personal expenses and other debts (such as the attorney’s fees and the MDOR Claim) or to pay off the Amended Plan earlier than the estimated 60 months.
Judge Deasy recently considered and rejected an identical argument in In re Rodger, 423 B.R. 591 (Bankr.D.N.H.2010), holding instead that below-median debtors who propose a plan longer than the statutorily-required three years must devote all of their disposable income to the plan during its entire term. In that case, the court initially confirmed the below-median debtors’ five-year plan. The Chapter 13 trustee then filed a motion to modify the plan to require the debtors to turn over any tax refunds received during the entire term of the plan for distribution. Id. at 593. The debtors argued that they were not required to turn over the tax refunds during years four and five of the plan because the “applicable commitment period” during which they were required to submit of all their disposable income to the plan was only three years. Id. at 594.
Judge Deasy disagreed, reasoning that: Section 1325(b)(1)... serves to set the minimum term of a chapter 13 plan.... [I]t does not set the maximum term of a chapter 13 plan. Instead, the maximum term for a chapter 13 plan is determined under § 1322(d)_For a below median debtor, the maximum term is three years, unless the Court, for cause, approves a longer period with the term of the plan not to exceed five years. 11 U.S.C. § 1322(d)(2)....
Nothing in § 1322 states, or even suggests, that below median debtors are not required to submit their disposable income to fund their chapter 13 plan for the full term of the plan.... [T]he requirements for payment of disposable income in years four and five of the plan remain the same as those in the first three years of the plan. Nothing in the language or policies of the Bankruptcy Code suggest otherwise.
Id. at 594, 595.
In response to the debtors’ motion for reconsideration, Judge Deasy explained further that extension of a below-median debtor’s plan for more than three years was only permissible if the court found “cause” to extend the term of the plan. Id. at 597. Cause existed in that case because the debtors “needed the increased payments and increased term to cure ar-rearages on secured mortgage and tax claims on their principal residence and to pay priority administrative unsecured claims for attorneys’ fees and trustee fees.” Id. But Judge Deasy “[did] not believe that ‘cause’ can exist when debtors are utilizing less than their disposable income during the extended term.” Id. at 598. Cf. In re Richall, 470 B.R. 245, 249 (Bankr.D.N.H.2012) (“after BAPCPA, courts may deny confirmation of a chapter 13 plan proposed by a below median debt- or, which stretches beyond a three year period and pays creditors in full but does not commit all disposable income, because a court could find that no cause exists to extend the plan longer than three years when a debtor can pay off creditors within the commitment period”); In re Nunez, 2010 WL 816788, *3-4 (Bankr.E.D.Wis. 2010).
This Court agrees with Judge Deasy’s conclusion that below-median debtors who voluntarily seek a plan extension for cause beyond the applicable three-year commitment period must devote all of their disposable income toward the plan for its entire duration. The Court would be hard-pressed to find cause to extend the term of a below-median debtor’s plan if the debtor is not paying all of his or her disposable income into the plan until its completion. Here, cause exists to extend the term of the Debtors’ plan in order to comply with § 1322(a)’s requirement that all priority claims (including tax claims and attorney’s fees) be paid in full unless the creditor agrees otherwise. See, e.g., Rodger, 423 B.R. at 597; In re Tozer, 392 B.R. 758, 759, 760 (Bankr.W.D.Wis.2008). But failure to provide all of the Debtors’ disposable income toward completing the plan would unfairly extend the automatic stay and other protections afforded by the Bankruptcy Code while allowing the Debtors to spend the Excess Funds on items not reasonably necessary for their support and the support of their dependents.
Furthermore, as the Court stated at the Fee Hearing, the Debtors’ intention to use a portion of the Excess Funds not for personal expenses, but to pay priority claims outside the Amended Plan, is inappropriate. “The general rule is that debtors make monthly payments to the trustee, who then disburses the monies to holders of allowed claims.” In re Perez, 339 B.R. 385, 389 (Bankr.S.D.Tex.2006), aff'd Perez v. Peake, 373 B.R. 468 (S.D.Tex.2007) (citations omitted): see also In re Foster, 670 F.2d 478, 486 (5th Cir.1982) (normal presumption is that payments to creditors will be made through the Chapter 13 trustee); In re Machado, 378 B.R. 14, 18 (Bankr.D.Mass.2007) (“plan payments through the trustee are the norm”). While in this district it is customary for debtors to make regular monthly payments directly to certain secured creditors, the Court sees no reason here to countenance the payment of other types of claims in such a fashion. See In re Bernard, 201 B.R. 600, 603 (Bankr.D.Mass.1996) (“debtors may depart from the norm of payments to creditors by the Chapter 13 Trustee only if they advance a ‘significant reason’ for doing so”). While it is true that the Court has discretion to allow payment of certain claims directly by a debtor and not through the Chapter 13 trustee, see Perez, 339 B.R. at 390, Machado, 378 B.R. at 18; In re Vigil, 344 B.R. 624, 629 (Bankr.D.N.M.2006), the Court declines to exercise that discretion in this case for the reasons so thoroughly articulated in other cases, such as In re Perez, 339 B.R. 385, In re Vigil, 344 B.R. 624, and In re Harris, 200 B.R. 745, 747 (Bankr.D.Mass.1996).
As for the MDOR Claim, which the Debtors propose to pay directly either through a monthly deduction from their income as reflected on Schedule J or by using a portion of the Excess Funds, the Court notes that that claim should be provided for in the Amended Plan. While the Debtors argue that the MDOR has “declined” to file a proof of claim for the postpetition taxes, the Bankruptcy Rules allow the Debtors or the Trustee to file the claim, see Fed. R. Bankr.P. 3004, enabling payment of the MDOR Claim through the Debtors’ plan. Instead, the Debtors have attempted to pay the claim by simply subtracting that monthly payment as part of their expenses (thus reducing their monthly disposable income) and by using the Excess Funds (an estate asset) to pay the claim outside the plan. This methodology, as noted, was disapproved by the Court at the Fee Hearing, as well as in Cormier I, 434 B.R. at 233 (“the Debtors are essentially asking this Court to permit a modification of the Plan and a reduction of the dividend to unsecured creditors without filing a motion and providing adequate notice to interested parties in contravention of the Federal and Local Bankruptcy Rules .... the Court [cannot] sanction the procedure by which the Debtors seek reimbursement of their claimed administrative expenses or deduction of those expenses from their disposable income currently used to fund the Plan”). Accordingly, the Debtors must further amend their Chapter 13 plan to account for all postpetition priority claims and administrative expenses, and may not directly deduct those payments from their monthly income or use estate assets to pay the claims other than through the Chapter 13 plan.
C. Early Completion of the Modified Chapter 13 Plan
The Trustee’s objection to the Debtors’ Miscellaneous Provision 9 is directed toward that provision’s implication that the Debtors are not required to turn over the Excess Funds during the life of the plan. Having determined that the Debtors must pay the Excess Funds to the Trustee for distribution under the plan, the Trustee appears to raise no objection to the provision’s presumption that the plan is completed upon satisfaction of the remaining priority and administrative claims, even if payment of the claims takes less than the estimated 60 months. This Court agrees that, under the circumstances of this case, where the applicable commitment period is only 36 months, the plan may be completed upon satisfaction of the remaining priority and administrative claims, even though the general unsecured creditors will receive no further distribution.
Because the tax claims and the attorney’s fees are entitled to priority, the Court cannot confirm a modified plan unless it provides that those claims will be paid in full. See 11 U.S.C. § 1322(a)(2); Bentley v. Boyajian (In re Bentley), 266 B.R. 229, 236 (1st Cir. BAP 2001). And because those claims take priority, they do not share distribution of the disposable income pro rata with the general unsecured creditors. In re Brown, 2008 WL 4372675 (Bankr.S.D.Ohio April 15, 2008). Accordingly, it is permissible for the plan, as modified, to cease distribution to general unsecured creditors while devoting the disposable income toward payment of the priority claims in full.
The Debtors here are not attempting to “pay off’ their Chapter 13 plan prior to the expiration of the applicable commitment period. See, e.g. In re Filion, 452 B.R. 329, 333 (Bankr.D.Mass.2011); see also Hon. W. Homer Drake, Hon. Paul W. Bonapfel, & Adam M. Goodman, Chapter 13 Practice & Procedure § 9F:67: “Temporal” and “monetary” approaches to applicable commitment period (West 2012) (summarizing issues and collecting cases). And this is not a case where the Debtors initially proposed a longer plan term and now balk at paying unsecured creditors more than the originally-projected dividend, thus receiving a “windfall.” See, e.g., In re Witkowski, 16 F.3d 739 (7th Cir.1994); In re Stamm, 265 B.R. 10 (Bankr.D.Mass.2001); see also In re Smith, 334 B.R. 26, 37-38 (Bankr.D.Mass. 2005).
For these reasons, the Court determines that the provision allowing for completion of a modified plan upon satisfaction of the postpetition priority and administrative claims is not objectionable.
IV. CONCLUSION
The Debtors will be ordered to file a further amended plan that (1) provides for the dedication of all projected disposable income, including the Excess Funds, to the plan for the entire term of the plan; (2) accounts for all postpetition priority claims; and (3) strikes the language allowing the Debtors to use the Excess Funds for payment of any priority claim outside the plan. The Debtors will also be ordered to file amended schedules I and J to accurately reflect current monthly income and those expenses reasonably necessary for the maintenance and support of the Debtors and their dependents. An order in conformity with this memorandum shall issue forthwith.
. See 11 U.S.C. § 101 et seq. (the "Bankruptcy Code” or the "Code”). All references to statutory sections are to the Bankruptcy Code unless otherwise specified.
. This description was also reflected in the order confirming the Plan (the "Confirmation Order”), which explained that:
This is a "pot” plan, in which the total of all payments in respect to unsecured creditors is a constant amount. The Trustee shall distribute the balance rateably amongst holders of other allowed unsecured claims. The percentage dividend stated in this plan is an estimate based on claims currently known to the Debtor and does not govern the amount of payments to unsecured creditors. General unsecured creditors are advised that they may receive more or less than the percentage dividend stated in this plan.
Confirmation Order 3, ECF No. 106.
. While the Debtors’ attorney indicated that the attorney's fees are included in the Amended Plan, those fees — in the amount of $1,874 — reflect the fees contemplated when the original Plan was confirmed, and those fees have already been paid by the Trustee. Accordingly, the further amendment is required to account for the additional $2,820.58 in fees allowed at the Fee Hearing.
. The Debtors are not to blame for the time-delay between the filing of the case and the actual foreclosure of the real property surrendered through the Plan. In fact, the Debtors earlier asked this Court to essentially order the mortgage-holding bank to take the property or conduct a swift foreclosure. Although this request was denied for the reasons stated in In re Cormier, 434 B.R. 222 (Bankr.D.Mass. 2010) ("Cormier I"), the Court was not without sympathy for the Debtors' desire to have the foreclosure completed as soon as practicably possible.
. According to the Debtors, the MDOR Claim is being paid directly by the Debtors and not through the Amended Plan because the MDOR has not filed a proof of claim.
. This amount is less than the Debtors’ monthly excess income of $586, as shown on further amended Schedules I and J that were attached to the Amended Plan.
. In the amended Schedules I and J, however, the Debtors deduct $100 per month from their income on account of payments to the MDOR on its claim.
. See Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Act of 2005, Pub.L. 109-8, 11 Stat. 23 (2005).
.Under § 1327(b), estate property vests in the debtor upon confirmation “except as otherwise provided in the plan or the order confirming the plan." 11 U.S.C. § 1327(b) (emphasis supplied). In this district, standard Chapter 13 confirmation orders do provide otherwise — property of the estate, including postpetition property, remains estate property and does not vest in the debtor until discharge. See Mass. Local. Bankr.R. Official Local Form 4 (“Unless otherwise ordered by the Court, all property of the estate as defined in §§ 541 and 1306 ... shall remain property of the estate during the term of the Plan and shall vest in the debtor(s) only upon discharge .... The debtor(s) shall not transfer, sell or otherwise alienate property of the estate other than in accordance with the confirmed Plan or other order of the bankruptcy court. The debtor shall be responsible for preserving and protecting property of the estate.”).
. For below-median debtors, such as the Debtors in this case, disposable income is calculated by deducting from the debtor's income those amounts "reasonably necessary” for the maintenance or support of a debtor and his or her dependents (as well as certain charitable contributions and business expenses). 11 U.S.C. § 1325(b)(2). Those expenses are usually reflected on the below-median debtor's Schedule J.
. Projected disposable income under § 1325(b)(1)(B) is generally the disposable income calculated under § 1325(b)(2), but takes into account any changes in income or expenses "that are known or virtually certain at the time of confirmation.” Hamilton v. Lanning, - U.S. -, 130 S.Ct. 2464, 2469, 2470, 177 L.Ed.2d 23 (2010); Kibbev. Sumski (In re Kibbe), 361 B.R. 302, 314-15 (1st Cir. BAP 2007).
. While § 1325(b) applies only when an objection is raised, the majority of debtors will propose a plan that complies with that section from the outset, as failure to do so will certainly draw an objection by the Trustee.
. See also, e.g., In re Tibbs, 478 B.R. 458, 464, 2012 WL 3800784, *5-6 (Bankr.S.D.Fla.2012); Mattson v. Howe (In re Mattson), 468 B.R. 361, 372 (9th Cir.BAP 2012); In re Grutsch, 453 B.R. 420, 424-25 (Bankr.D.Kan.2011); In re Davis, 439 B.R. 863, 867-69 (Bankr.N.D.111.2010); In re Kearney, 439 B.R. 694, 696 (Bankr.E.D.Wis.2010); In re Hall, 442 B.R. 754, 760-61 (Bankr.D.Idaho 2010); In re White, 411 B.R. 268, 275 (Bankr.W.D.N.C.2008); In re Ireland, 366 B.R. 27, 32 (Bankr.W.D.Ark.2007); In re Turek, 346 B.R. 350, 358-59 (Bankr.M.D.Pa.2006).
. The version of § 1325(a) applicable in the Keller case contained only six subsections; after the BAPCPA amendments, the number of subsections increased to nine.
. See 11 U.S.C. § 1325(b)(4)(A)(ii) (for an above-median debtor, the “applicable commitment period” is "not less than 5 years”).
. See also 11 U.S.C. §§ 330(a)(4)(B) (court may allow reasonable attorney's fees for a chapter 13 debtor); 503(a)(2) (attorney's fees awarded under § 330(a) constitute an administrative expense); 507(a)(2) (priority treatment for attorney's fees awarded under § 330(a)); 507(a)(8) (priority treatment for certain tax claims); 1305(a) (providing for filing of postpetition tax claims); 1322(a)(2) (plan must provide for full payment of all priority claims unless claimant agrees otherwise); 1322(b)(6) (plan may provide for payment of postpetition tax claims).
. To the extent the Debtors are concerned with needing some of the Excess Funds for unanticipated expenses that are reasonably necessary for their support, there is no evidence that the Trustee would be unwilling to consider allowing them to retain the appropriate funds — as evidenced by the willingness of the Trustee to allow the Debtors to retain a portion of the Excess Funds in order to repair one of their vehicles. And if the Debtors are unable to reach a resolution with the Trustee, they are free to seek a determination from this Court. See, e.g., In re Hilgendorf, 2011 WL 353240, *3-4 (Bankr.E.D.Wis.2011).
. Under § 1325(b)(1)(B), the plan must provide for all disposable income to be paid for distribution to “unsecured creditors.” This statutory language changed the pre-BAPCPA reference to "payments under the plan” to the current requirement that disposable income be paid to "unsecured creditors.” This new phrase has created quite a bit of consternation, little of which is relevant here. Suffice it to say that this Court adopts the conclusion reached in In re Echeman that "both the debtor’s priority unsecured creditors and nonpriority unsecured creditors are to be paid from his projected disposable income pursuant to § 1325(b)(1)(B).” 378 B.R. 177, 182 n. 7 (Bankr.S.D.Ohio 2007); see also, e.g., In re Williams, 394 B.R. 550, 563-64 (Bankr. D.Colo.2008); In re Puetz, 370 B.R. 386, 392 (Bankr.D.Kan.2007); but see In re Amato, 366 B.R. 348 (Bankr.D.N.J.2007) (attorney’s fees could not be paid from above-median debtor’s disposable income, because those fees were not specifically included in the expense portion of applicable form and did not qualify as an "unsecured claim” to be paid from disposable income).
. Put another way, cessation of payments to unsecured creditors at this juncture is consistent with the fact that, had the priority claims been included in the Plan from the outset, and had the Debtors’ disposable income been sufficient only to pay those priority claims over the applicable commitment period, no dividend to general unsecured creditors would have been required for confirmation.
| CASELAW |
Charles Dutton
Charles Dutton may refer to:
* Charles Dutton (politician) (1834–1904), pastoralist and politician in colonial Queensland (Australia)
* Charles Dutton, 7th Baron Sherborne (1911–1983), British peer
* Charles S. Dutton (born 1951), American actor and producer
* Charles M. Dutton, Crew Chief Spc. in the Warlords, B-Company of the 123rd Aviation Battalion in the American Division, killed in the Vietnam War
* Charles Christian Dutton (died 1842), pastoralist in South Australia | WIKI |
User:Kapitulasjon
Feel free to discuss anything on my talk page. I'll add something else here if I feel like doing so, but I probably won't, as i'm pretty shiftless. | WIKI |
ISimilarityTraitsTable interface
Defines methods for storing per-file similarity data and performing similarity lookups.
Methods
The ISimilarityTraitsTable interface has these methods.
Method Description
ISimilarityTraitsTable::Append Adds a SimilarityData structure to the similarity traits table.
ISimilarityTraitsTable::BeginDump Retrieves similarity data from the similarity traits table.
ISimilarityTraitsTable::CloseTable Closes a similarity traits table.
ISimilarityTraitsTable::CreateTable Creates or opens a similarity traits table.
ISimilarityTraitsTable::CreateTableIndirect Creates or opens a similarity traits table using the RDC application's implementation of the ISimilarityTraitsMapping interface.
ISimilarityTraitsTable::FindSimilarFileIndex Returns a list of files that are similar to a given file. The results in the list are sorted in order of similarity, beginning with the most similar file.
ISimilarityTraitsTable::GetLastIndex Retrieves the index of the last entry that was stored in the similarity traits table.
Requirements
Windows version Windows Vista Windows Server 2008
Target Platform Windows
Header msrdc.h
See Also
IUnknown | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
“The year that did not end.” “The year that ended badly.” “The year that ended a few weeks early.”1 For Latin Americans, this year was 1968. Tired of years of brutal dictatorship, censorship, and corruption, people — especially college students — fought police, rioted, and marched throughout Central and South America. Though many of these protests were violent, one of the largest to occur was in fact peaceful. This was the March of the One Hundred Thousand (Passeata dos Cem Mil), which occurred in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. As its name suggests, the protest was comprised of 100,000 people, including college students, faculty, and ordinary workers. This mass protest might be new to you if you live outside of Latin America, but for Brazilians, it is possibly one of the most memorable events in the country’s history. And it started with college students as young as eighteen.
The story begins four years before the march, in spring 1964. At this point in time, Brazil was under much pressure due to increasing tension between the political left, including the democratically elected president João Goulart, and right, including the military, which had been calling for a military government rather than a democratic one. The military conspired to remove Goulart from office, and on April 1, carried out a coup d’état. In place of Goulart, the military appointed General Humberto Castelo Branco as president, and Brazil’s era of dictatorship began.2
The ensuing dictatorship instituted a repression of free speech through the prohibition of public protests and assemblies. Any militant leftists who plotted against the new government were arrested and tortured, killed, or exiled. And in order to prevent militants from grouping together in the first place, the military intervened in any institutions that might encourage them—including colleges and universities. Rather than subdue them, however, these actions only continued to provoke students. Some advocated for democracy, but others believed that communism was the only solution to Brazil’s deteriorating state. Despite the economic miracle Brazil experienced in the 1960s and 1970s, income disparity increased during this period. As a result, many working-class Brazilians advocated for the economic equality offered by socialism. In fact, U.S. presidential candidate Nixon’s daily briefing from October 10, 1968 expressed the Cold-War era concern that, though Brazilian students were fighting for “badly-needed educational reforms,” far-left groups such as “Communists, Trotskyites, Castroites…have been quick…to exploit the student grievances.”3 These extreme groups, as well as any political parties not established by the government, were illegal, and the military either tortured or killed anyone found to have been a part of them.4
As military repression continued, officials became confident that they would maintain their control. On March 27, 1968, General João Dutra de Castilho announced with confidence that student demonstrations had little chance of disrupting the four-year anniversary of the military coup d’état. He was wrong. Exactly one day later, Edson Luis de Lima Soto, a poor student only in secondary school, was murdered before he could make it to a public demonstration. Though many details about the incident remained unclear, one thing was certain: The Brazilian police had shot Edson Luis in the heart, killing him immediately. Students were outraged. At Edson Luis’ emotional funeral, they covered his body with a Brazilian flag and surrounded it with handwritten signs, reading “Here lies the body of a student killed by the dictatorship” and “This is a putrid democracy.” This marked the beginning of a new wave of protests in spring and summer 1968.5
Over the next few months, the protests increased in intensity. It was not uncommon to see young men and women standing in the street, throwing at the police any heavy objects they could find, from rocks to marbles to even typewriters and music records. Others would protest peacefully, holding signs referring to Edson Luis’ death as a symbol of the cruelty of the military regime. Regardless of the nature of the protests, though, violence against the students increased. The violence reached its peak on June 21, known to Brazilians as Sexta-Feira Sangrenta (Bloody Friday). During the clash on Bloody Friday, three were killed, dozens were injured, and a thousand were arrested. The events caused so much anger among Brazilians that, under pressure from the public, the military finally made an agreement: It would allow a protest to occur with no police interference.6
“March of the People Reaches 100,000,” read the headline of the Correio da Manhã a week later. On June 26 in Rio de Janeiro, the protest, led by student Vladimir Palmeira, had been allowed to occur as promised. Within a single day, it gained as many as 100,000 participants, including students, faculty, celebrities, clergy, and many others. As the crowd marched, the police watched uncertainly, waiting for the riots—for the rocks, for someone to shoot. No one did. The demonstrators chanted, held signs, and walked, but never fought. The Brazilians’ largest expression of their desperation, their frustration, their desire for political change, was peaceful. This type of protest was unique in that it allowed students greater freedom of expression than riots had; their political opinions were more clearly and openly expressed than they had been during the chaos of violent protests. For instance, many students were heard chanting the words “UNE” and “UME” (both names of leftist student organizations) as they marched. This alone brought about unease within the military. In fact, the police would go on to warn that “authorities should be attentive, as it is well known that within [the organizations] can be found the most recognizably subversive elements.” Police saw the March of the 100,000, a rare expression of the public’s political views, as a warning that Brazilians would rebel as soon as they were given the opportunity. This was proven within the next few weeks, when similar marches, such as the March of the 50,000, appeared throughout Brazil. Political speech extended into popular culture as well. In September, the famous protest song “Pra Não Dizer Que Não Falei das Flores” (“So They Don’t Say I Never Spoke of Flowers”) won second place at a song festival. Clearly, the march had a powerful effect on Brazilian society, one that refused to be silenced by the dictatorship. Government officials had to act if they were to retain control. They would have to repress free speech as much as possible—even peaceful speech. 7
To silence the public, president Artur da Costa e Silva issued the Fifth Institutional Act in December. Known as AI-5, the infamous act imposed a number of drastic changes to the Brazilian government: closing Congress indefinitely so that the president had total control over laws; granting the president the ability to “suspend citizens’ rights for a period up to ten years”; depriving citizens of the right to organize against the government and the right to habeas corpus, or a trial before a judge; and imposing censorship on public speech and media. AI-5 essentially took away any right that could enable citizens to repeat the March of the 100,000—unless they wanted to be tortured and executed.8 Thus, 1968 ended “a few weeks early.” Gone was the era of riots, of throwing stones at the police and shouting “UNE” and “UME” in public. The Years of Lead, as the most repressive years of the Brazilian dictatorship were called, had begun.
With the institution of AI-5, the Brazilian Miracle soon ended, and the economy plummeted. Brazil’s debt rose significantly in the 1970s, forcing the military government to give up isolationist policy in favor of reaching out for foreign help. However, these changes were slow and did little to stop the growth of poverty, debt, and inflation over the next decade. It was not until the 1980s when noticeable changes in government began to take place. For one thing, opposition groups became stronger as the government weakened due to the failing economy. Brazilian elites and even the U.S. (which had previously supported the dictatorship) expressed support for democratization. Under pressure, President João Figueiredo began the liberalization process called abertura (opening).9 The process began in 1979 and took about six years. The military decided to slowly begin democratizing elections, thinking that it could maintain power throughout the process. In 1983 and 1984, however, this belief was proven wrong. The public’s voice had grown so strong and loud that the military gave up interfering with elections. In 1985, Brazil elected its first civilian president in eleven years.10 This major step forward was soon followed by the ratification of a new constitution in 1988, one that established freedom of speech, outlawed torture, and legalized peaceful assembly.11 Brazilians were not only free from the military government they had fought for so many years, but also had the power to protest injustices committed by the new government.
Democratization did not solve the problems faced by many Brazilians, and to this day, documents that could be used to prosecute officials associated with human rights violations remain classified.12 Remnants of the dictatorship can still be found in modern-day Brazil. However, it is important to note that the country might not have changed at all if not for the March of the 100,000. This one event, sparked by the desperation of everyday college students, was powerful enough to intimidate Brazil’s own military. In response, the military attempted to silence the public entirely, and failed so badly that it ultimately had to give up. The March of the 100,000 thus demonstrates the power of mass protest. Without it, Brazil would not have been the country we know today. Likewise, without the countless other mass protests of 1968, perhaps the world wouldn’t be the one we know today.
If you’ve ever doubted your ability to change the world, remember: The students of 1968, despite their age and lack of political power, did.
Brazilian student protests
March of the One Hundred Thousand
The Year 1968
I am an International and Global Studies major with a minor in Spanish and a concentration in Latin American Studies (class of 2022). I am interested in all kinds of historical research, though especially passionate about environmental issues, civil rights, and languages.Author Portfolio Page | FINEWEB-EDU |
Nick Vespi
Nicholas Anthony Vespi (born October 10, 1995) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Baltimore Orioles of Major League Baseball (MLB). He made his MLB debut in 2022.
Career
Vespi played college baseball at Palm Beach State College. He was drafted by the Baltimore Orioles in the 18th round of the 2015 MLB draft. Vespi made his professional debut with the Gulf Coast Orioles. He split the 2016 season with the GCL Orioles and Low-A Aberdeen IronBirds, registering a 5-1 record and 1.88 ERA with 41 strikeouts in 52.2 innings pitched across 13 games (10 starts). In 2017, Vespi split time between Aberdeen and the Single-A Delmarva Shorebirds, posting a 4-3 record and 4.41 ERA with 69 strikeouts in 49.0 innings of work.
Vespi spent the following two seasons with Single–A Delmarva. In 2018, he logged a 6–6 record and 2.09 ERA with 68 strikeouts and 9 saves across $64 2⁄3$ innings. In 2019, Vespi logged an 8–6 record and 3.16 ERA with a career–high 100 strikeouts in 91 innings pitched. He did not play in a game in 2020 due to the cancellation of the minor league season because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Vespi returned to action in 2021, recording a 4.19 ERA with 51 strikeouts in 30 relief outings for Norfolk and the Double–A Bowie Baysox.
Vespi was called up to the majors for the first time on May 17, 2022. Vespi made his Major League debut on May 20, pitching two innings for the Orioles in an extra innings game against the Tampa Bay Rays, striking out three, giving up no runs, and being credited with his first career MLB win. He made 25 total appearances for the Orioles in 2022, logging a 5-0 record 4.10 ERA with 28 strikeouts across 26.1 innings pitched. On January 5, 2023, Vespi underwent hernia surgery.
Vespi was optioned to the Triple-A Norfolk Tides to begin the 2023 season. In 9 appearances for the Orioles, he recorded a 4.30 ERA with 9 strikeouts across $14 2⁄3$ innings pitched.
International career
On December 16, 2022, Vespi announced that he had been selected to represent Italy in the 2023 World Baseball Classic. | WIKI |
Warren Akin Sr.
Warren Akin Sr. (October 9, 1811 – December 17, 1877) was an attorney, member of the Georgia House of Representatives, Confederate politician who served in the Confederate States Congress during the American Civil War, and an ordained Methodist minister.
Early years
Warren Akin Sr. was born in Elbert County, Georgia and raised on a farm. At a very early age he was inspired to become a lawyer, after viewing proceedings at an Elberton court. At age 18, with a limited amount of education, Akin set he off to seek his fortune in the Dahlonega Gold Rush. He would work in the gold fields for the next seven years, during which time he fulfilled his childhood ambition by reading law. Akins was admitted to the Cherokee Superior Court in 1836. He subsequently established a successful law practice in Cassville, Georgia while also operating a modest farm just outside the city. He became well known within the north Georgia region and was appointed colonel in the Georgia Militia, aiding in the removal of the Cherokees, a historical event which became known as the Trail of Tears. Akin later confessing sympathy with their plight.
Political service
Expressing an interest in politics, but without the necessary support beyond his region in north Georgia, Akin ran unsuccessfully, receiving just 39.61% of the vote, for governor against incumbent Joseph Emerson Brown in 1859. Undeterred, he continued to stay active in the political events and controversies of the day. Akin was a slaveholder, but like many Southerners with Whig party backgrounds, he opposed secession. Nonetheless, after Georgia seceded from the Union, he felt honor bound to support his state, and the new national government of which it was part. He served in the Georgia state legislature from 1861 to 1863, where he was elected Speaker of the Georgia House. He is the only Representative ever elected to the position of Speaker in his first term. One act, for which he was largely responsible, was changing the name of his county from Cass to Bartow. During the first years of the war, Akin devoted his time to the practice of law in Cassville and his duties as a State Representative in Milledgeville. In 1862, long before it was an acceptable notion, Akin proposed allowing slaves to enlist in the Confederate Army with the promise of freedom in return for service. His proposal was met with overwhelming resistance. Akin wrote a letter to his wife, in which he lamented opposition to a proposal which he believed would win the war for the Confederacy: Have you ever noticed the strange conduct of our people during this war? How people of the Confederacy could oppose a measure that could help win the war seemed to have a hypocritical twist. Akin continued, ''They give up their sons, husbands, brothers & friends, and often without murmuring, to the army; but let one of their negroes be taken, and what a howl you will hear. The love of money had been the greatest difficulty in our way to independence - it is now our chief obstacle....'' In November 1863, after the Confederate defeat in the Chattanooga Campaign, Akin became convinced that his family would be in the path of approaching Union forces. In January 1864 he moved them initially to Oxford where Akin narrowly escaped capture by Union raiders. Akin's concerns were well founded, in May 1864 Union raiders burned Akin's home, law office, papers, and personal property left behind when the family moved to Oxford. In August 1864, Akin moved the family again, this time to Elberton, where they had relatives, and where many from the Cassville area had fled.
Confederate Congress
Akin represented Georgia in the Second Confederate Congress from 1864 to 1865, where he was regarded as an administration man because of his high regard for Jefferson Davis. The loss of his home, and personal property, along with the high cost of living in Elberton, and the Confederate capital of Richmond compelled Akin to extreme economies. His letters indicate that he wore clothes until they were so soiled that he was embarrassed to continue to wear them. It was also during this period that Akin occasionally expressed frustration with the protracted nature of the process and the long-winded speeches of his colleagues. On January 30, 1865 he wrote a letter to his wife in which he lamented ''I... feel we are doing nothing as we ought. Congress seems not to realize the magnitude of the duties devolved upon it.'' Akin left the Confederate Congress one month prior to adjournment, most likely because he anticipated that the Confederacy's collapse was imminent, and that further participation in the Congress was futile.
Death and legacy
Considered by the Cartersville Bar “as the first man in his profession in North Georgia”, Akin died December 17, 1877. Continued by his descendants, Akin’s law practice in Cartersville is today one of the oldest law practices in the state. | WIKI |
User:Livi.clark/sandbox
About me:
* Name - Olivia Clark
* Nickname - Lib or Liv
* Ethnicity - Aboriginal
* Family - Have a younger sister
* Hobbies - Playing netball and basketball, spending time with family and friends
* Achievements:
* Playing in the inaugural NSW Indigenous all-stars team 2021
* Selected in the inaugural Capital Darters team for the Australian National League
* Playing in the Netball NSW Premier Netball League for the Capital Spirit Opens team 2020-2021
* Playing in the division 1 state league Queanbeyan team since I was 15 (currently the longest serving player in division 1 for Queanbeyan)
* Awards
* NSW public schools Nanga Mai awards, Outstanding Student Participation - 2014
* NSW public schools leadership citizenship and community service achievement - 2013 public schools NSW Illawara and South East Aboriginal Education Achievement Awards | WIKI |
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Residential Solar System Solar Panels Solar PV System
How Do Half-Cut Solar Cells Help in Increasing Solar Productivity?
Technology is advancing with each passing day. The world of solar panels is no different. The standard silicon solar cells have paved the way for half-cut solar cells. Many people in Australia prefer solar panel system installation Sydney with half-cut cells because of their noteworthy improved performance and durability.
What Are Half-Cut Solar Cells?
Half-cut solar cells are built using the same components (materials) as traditional solar cells. They are based on traditional crystalline silicon solar cells.
What makes half-cut solar cells different from traditional (full) solar cells is the change in design. The design of this type of solar cell is what sets them apart from traditional solar cells. The design of half-cut solar cells specifically focuses on improving the performance of solar panels and reducing electrical losses.
The half-cut solar cells can be polycrystalline, but are usually monocrystalline PERC for the best results. They are manufactured by applying a process called cleaving in which they are cut into half monocrystalline and polycrystalline cells. The cleaving process makes use of high-tech laser technology to cut a solar cell in half. Half-cut solar cells deliver the same voltage, but the current is halved.
Ways In Which Half-Cut Solar Cells Improve Solar Panel Efficiency
There are different ways in which solar panels with half-cut solar cells are beneficial to the performance and output.
Lower Resistive Losses
• When solar cells convert sunlight into electricity, the resistance between them leads to power loss.
• Resistive loss refers to the power lost due to the transportation of electric current.
• Current is transported between solar cells using thin metal ribbons.
• Through these metal ribbons, current moves from one cell to another.
• By using half-cut cells, the current generated from each cell is halved.
• Less current flowing through the cells results in lower resistive losses as electricity moves through the cells and wires in a solar panel.
Reduced Hot Spots And Temperature
• The partial shading in solar panels results in the generation of hot spots, i.e., areas of high temperature within the solar panels.
• When the solar cells are shaded, they do not generate electricity. They act as resistance and consume electricity, which results in an increase in temperature.
• Half-cut solar cells reduce the current flowing through strings.
• Also, in the case of half-cut solar cells, the number of panel strings is doubled and the heat generated is halved. This helps to minimize the hotspot damage to the solar panels by lowering the temperature of the hotspots.
Higher Shade Tolerance
• Half-cut solar cells are more resistant to shade than traditional solar cells. This is due to a subtle difference in the wiring system used in solar panels that have half-cut solar cells.
• In a traditional solar panel, the full cells are connected by a series wiring, in which the cells are arranged in rows.
• The standard panels have three rows of solar cells. The shading of one row means that it will not generate electricity, rendering one-third of the panel unproductive.
• Since half-cut cell solar panels have twice the number of cells and cell rows, shading of a single row will result in reduced losses.
Are you planning to go for solar panel system installation Sydney?
Invest in a solar panel with half-cut solar cells. A solar panel having half-cut solar cells means longevity, sustainability, durability, aesthetically appealing design, and reduced shadow impact.
Read Next Blog: Top 5 Reasons Why Homes with Solar Panels Sell Faster | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
A Comparative Guide of IPS vs LCD Monitor
This article will develop an understanding of IPS vs LCD Monitor. IPS stands for In-Plane Switching, while LCD stands for Liquid Crystal Display. These two terms are often used interchangeably, but there are a few differences between the two that you should be aware of before making your purchase.
In-Plane Switching is a display technology that allows light to pass through liquid crystals on the screen and creates images that are not distorted. This technology is more accurate than LCD displays because it can produce images with higher contrast ratios and color accuracy. IPS monitors also have better viewing angles, which means you can view the screen from more angles without distortion or loss of color quality.
LCD monitors use liquid crystals to create images on the screen and are known for their high contrast ratios and high color accuracy. They also have great viewing angles because they use an LED that can be seen from all sides.
IPS Monitors have Higher Contrast Ratio
IPS monitors have a higher contrast ratio than traditional LCD monitors. This is because they are made up of two different colors, red and green, that are used in the backlight.
Computer monitor contrast ratios range from 1:1 to 1000000:1. It depends on how many subpixels are used in the monitor and how well they can be individually controlled by the software.
IPS monitors also have higher refresh rates, so they can display more frames per second than traditional LCD monitors.
IPS Monitors Have a Better Viewing Angle
IPS monitors have a better viewing angle than LCD screens. This means that users are able to see the screen from more angles and in more detail.
IPS monitors are becoming increasingly popular for gaming because of this. It also allows for a better viewing experience in general but does not affect the color quality as much as other types of screens.
The best screen for gaming is one that can be viewed from a wide range of angles and has the least amount of distortion. IPS monitors are usually the best choice for this purpose.
IPS Screens Have a Lower Response Rate than LCDs
IPS screens have a lower response rate than LCDs. This is because they use in-plane switching technology, which has a slower response time.
The IPS screen may be a better option for gamers, who need to react quickly and accurately.
There are also other factors that contribute to the high response rate of LCD screens such as their higher contrast ratio and native support for 120Hz refresh rates.
The Pros of IPS vs LCD Monitor Displays
With the advancement of technology, new displays are being developed. One of these is the In-Plane Switching (IPS) display. The other one is the Liquid Crystal Display (LCD).
The IPS display provides a more natural experience to the user because it doesn’t require a backlight and it has better viewing angles. However, it also has some disadvantages such as a shorter lifespan and higher cost per unit. The LCD display is cheaper than the IPS display but has worse viewing angles and a lower contrast ratio.
LCD Monitor Pros & Cons
The LCD monitor has been around for decades, but only in the last few years has it become more popular than CRTs. The main pro of an LCD monitor is that it consumes less power than a CRT screen. They also take up less space on your desk, which can be beneficial if you’re working in tight quarters. On the other hand, an LCD monitor doesn’t have nearly the color clarity
Why is IPS vs. LCD a Big Deal for Designers, Developers and Gamers?
IPS vs. LCD is a big deal for designers, developers, and gamers. It is because it changes the way they work with their screens.
IPS displays are often preferred by designers and developers because they offer better color accuracy and viewing angles than LCD displays. They also have a longer lifespan than LCD displays that are prone to burn-in when used for prolonged periods of time.
LCD monitors offer sharper images with higher resolutions than IPS monitors. They also have a faster refresh rate which makes them more suitable for gamers as well as video editors who need to keep up with the action on screen.
Conclusion
It is important to buy an IPS monitor or LCD monitor that suits your needs and budget. It can be difficult to decide which one to choose because the two types of monitors offer different benefits.
When buying an IPS monitor or LCD monitor, it is important to consider the size of the screen and its resolution. Other factors like refresh rate, brightness, contrast ratio, and response time are also important.
Editor Choice
FAQs
What does IPS stand for?
IPS stands for In-Plane Switching.
What is IPS monitor?
An IPS monitor is a type of LCD monitor that is used for displaying images. The acronym IPS stands for In-Plane Switching, which refers to the way in which pixels are lit. They can be either a TFT or a VA panel.
Some of the benefits of IPS monitors include better visibility in sunlight, faster response time, and less color distortion at an angle.
Are TFT LCD monitors better than IPS?
No. IPS are better.
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What is Continuous Security and Why is it Important?
Team Wabbi
January 12, 2024
What is Continuous Security And Why Is It Important?
Executives across every industry and company size have made cybersecurity a top priority. This has not just driven the adoption of new technologies, but created an overall mindset shift to proactive cybersecurity – the understanding that strong defensive and response lines are not enough. We must start where 9 out of 10 breaches start: the code. However, this focus on delivering better security through code, or as it’s better known – application security – extends beyond just the lines of code, to anything the code touches, from the tech stack configurations in the containers and firewalls to access protocols and redundancies.
This complexity continues as organizations embrace the CI/CD approach as more than just a tech stack, but a philosophy to deliver on digital transformation. While it ensures the continuous integration, delivery, and deployment of code, meeting most current business needs, it also introduces more variations and questions that need real-time responses from security to reduce errors while maintaining project velocity. Unfortunately, as an extension of the Agile and DevOps transformations, the adoption of CI/CD pipelines further siloed security as processes fail to keep pace. Continuous Security: In software development, is the practice of automating and orchestrating the deployment of an application security program to enable dynamic delivery of security requirements in the SDLC in response to internal and external changes, so secure code can be shipped reliably. Continuous security means having code that is always ready to ship and ensuring teams keep shipping code without introducing new risk, guided by intelligent application security visibility and governance at the critical points in the pipeline. Through the automation and orchestration of cradle-to-grave application security programs, it ensures a repeatable and reliable execution of security processes at every step of the software development life cycle (SLDC). By orchestrating each enterprise’s unique application security program, security teams capture centralized, automated governance, while development teams get the flexibility to manage security as part of their day-to-day workflows, unifying processes between DevSecOps teams. Continuous security provides organizations with the ability to remove bottlenecks by enabling real-time collaboration between development, security, and operations. By centralizing and automating security governance, the continuous security approach eliminates manual security processes to reduce product delivery risk. Organizations can confidently ship code that meets their product specific security standards, without sacrificing agility or velocity.
Security in the CI/CD Evolution
Our research found that only 30% of respondents cited manual processes as a bottleneck in the development process, which showcases an interesting divide between manual processes and all the things that result from them. While DevOps processes are typically highly automated, 55% report moderate or low automation of security processes. Further, at 61% of organizations, the feedback sharing process between development and security teams isn’t fully automated. Even so, most respondents (79%) report their security teams acknowledge and respond to feedback from development teams.
CI/CD focuses on the ability to continuously develop and deploy software that meets the most current needs of the business. However, without security integrated as part of this process, organizations are not able to account for the number of permutations of security requirements that rapidly evolve with changing business needs.
66.8% of security teams believe integrating security in the DevOps cycle is a top 3 priority (Forrester p17)33% of security teams say their organizations’ security solutions are mostly or completely integrated with seamless sharing of data between products/tools or integrated with custom or off the shelf APIs.
When security solutions remain siloed, the challenges of ensuring security in the cloud and securing workloads/containers are exacerbated. Once integrated, organizations can respond in real-time for changes both internal (changing databases, software versions, etc.) and external (compliance requirements, threat landscape, etc.). This approach reduces the time required to complete security requirements for a release and gets working software to users as quickly as possible. It also enables stakeholders and users to access new features and provide feedback immediately, creating an iterative cycle of information for future decision making.
As organizations continue to evolve their continuous delivery processes, security must be integrated and automated to ensure a repeatable and reliable execution of security at every step of the software development life cycle (SLDC). By continually managing security practices, policies, and debt in existing CI/CD pipelines, this approach ensures that everyone within an organization has the information they need at every step of development to share responsibility in delivering secure software.
The Continuous Security Ecosystem
The problem is that security isn’t an option – it’s a requirement. Even in the smallest of companies, things like least privileged access, the ability to leverage a single identity store, and audit logs of user access are basic requirements no matter how large or small your organization may be. Any functionality required to securely implement, use, monitor and manage a software service or application shouldn’t be offered only as a bundled feature to help drive users to the highest license level offered. Security functionality should be available as add-on costs to any license offered. Implementing and supporting such functionality costs real money and users should pay a reasonable fee for them, but security functionality shouldn’t be used to push users to the highest licensing cost.
The CI/CD/CS
The next step in the CI/CD is to include security at every step of the SDLC. By extension, CI/CD/CS is the philosophy of continuously shipping software that meets the most current security standards for the business and accounts for internal and external change throughout the SDLC. An effective CI/CD/CS does not require full maturity of a CI/CD, but rather can be deployed in any SDLC with a commitment to three key principles:
Automation and Orchestration: Stop relying on manual processes that slow the SDLC or become an afterthought. Automation and orchestration of the application security program as part of the SDLC is essential to make sure pipelines run efficiently.
Collaboration… but Segmentation: It may seem paradoxical, but delivering the segment of information to the appropriate stakeholder at the right time, without overwhelming all the other roles in the overall SDLC, ensures better collaboration so stakeholders know where, when, and with whom to direct their attention.
Embrace Imperfection…but Control for It: There is no such thing as perfect code, and therefore no such thing as perfect application security. When you have the ability to accept risk within the risk tolerance of the business, you know the right times to stop, and the times to carry on because you have other controls. Don’t let perfection be the enemy of shipped.
Different organizations have different risks to be accounted for, which means security must be aligned to business strategies and priorities. With end-to-end integration into the SDLC, continuous security supports CI/CD to improve productivity and time-to-market, while reducing the risks that might impact a particular business or even product-line. Software is inherently impermanent and organizations need to be able to continuously balance security, technical and business priorities to ensure they are maintaining their focus on what matters most: delivering value to customers and shareholders.
Orchestration solves the question of how to ensure each piece of software involved in the development and delivery of a software pipeline adheres to the security requirements of the organization. However, a team can only do that if the options to properly do so are available in the security tools used by the organization. Too many software vendors are holding security hostage to push their users to higher licensing costs, making them pay for unnecessary and unneeded features to get the security baseline required.
If only those with the deepest pockets can secure their software then we will continue to see data breaches, ransomware attacks and identity theft. Until the software industry stops treating required security functionality like optional leather seats, we will never see the true “shift left” in securing our digital services and infrastructure.
Want to learn more about how you can integrate AppSec in your Development pipeline?
Check out these top resources!
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2006-03
2006-03
Download “2006-03” 2006-03.pdf – Downloaded 9 times – 774 kB
The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) has generated increased interest in the mitigation of metal toxicity associated with metal-treated museum collections, which pose health risks to museum personnel and tribal members. Historically, mercury- and arsenic-based pesticides were used by collectors to preserve sensitive cultural materials. The long term persistence and toxicity of these metal-based chemicals is problematic, and their removal needs to be addressed. With funding from the NCPTT program, we were able to investigate an innovative biological approach to the removal and detoxification of mercury from culturally sensitive materials. The goal of our work was to assess the ability of surface applied bacteria to convert mercuric salts into a gaseous form of mercury that will diffuse out of the material. This diffusion will reduce the amount of mercury associated with the material itself, while allowing the gaseous mercury to be properly collected and disposed of.
In order to find the bacteria capable of converting the mercury, we turned to the contaminated materials themselves. Bacteria are ubiquitous in the environment and can be found on any surface. Ideally adapted to the particular environment they are inhabiting, the bacteria on the surface of a mercury-treated item will have inherent resistance to the mercury toxicity. Our job was to find these naturally mercury-resistant bacteria and determine if they are converting the mercury into a gas. In collaboration with the Arizona State Museum, upon sampling nine mercury-contaminated museum materials, including leather pouches and feathered headdresses, 16 mercury-resistant bacteria were identified. Of the 16 bacterial isolates, one in particular was highly resistant capable of growing in the presence of up to 50 ppm mercury. This isolate, genetically identified as Arthrobacter sp. 2604, a commonly found environmental bacterium, had the ability to convert the mercury in its immediate environment into a gaseous form. When Arthrobacter sp. 2604 was grown on the surface of mercury-contaminated materials, including paper, the bacterium was able to remove up to 20% of the mercury within a 10 day incubation period. The other isolates, also identified as commonly occurring bacteria such as Bacillus and Pseudomonas spp., showed varying abilities to grow in the presence of mercury. Future experiments will focus on enhancing the mercury removal by the bacteria on other material types, e.g., hair and leather. The novel approach of using microorganisms for mercury removal has widespread applications for contaminated environments and is an exciting new application for microorganisms in museums.
This research was made possible through Grant MT-2210-04-NC-08 from the National Center for Preservation Technology and Training (NCPTT).
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