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Talk:Abu Imran al-Fasi he is not ashari he is not ashari Zayn72 (talk) 21:00, 12 January 2023 (UTC) * Zayn72 That isn't the way to substantiate your claim. You also changed the name from Ash'ari to Salafi whilst ignoring what the source intended. Here's a few references that confirms his background. * He was heavily influenced by Al-Baqillani as a theologian. * {{talkquote\|In fact, Almoravid Sunnism had a distinctly Abbasid favor, for their foremost theologian, Abu {Imran al-Fasi, was directly influenced by al-Baqillani (d. 1013), the greatest Ash{ari-Shafi{i theologian of his time and the propagator of the caliph al-Qadir's Sunni politics. }} Ayaltimo (talk) 03:08, 8 March 2023 (UTC) {{reflist-talk}}	WIKI
Rigvedadi Bhashya Bhumika Rigvedadi Bhashya Bhumika (also known as Introduction to Vedas) is a book originally written in Hindi by Dayanand Saraswati, a nineteenth-century social reformer and religious leader in India. His other notable book was Satyarth Prakash. Purpose The book was written with the purpose of introducing teachings of the Vedas, an ancient scripture related to Hinduism, to a lay audience. Saraswati believed that various misconceptions had been created by interpretations of the Vedas propagated by scholars such as Sayana, Mahidhara, Ralph T.H. Griffith, and Max Muller.	WIKI
User:Mystman666 I'm a total n00b at this, but willing to learn (at a slooow pace.. university takes a lot of my time :P) I apologize if I do something wrong >_< My interests in Wikipedia: Looking over my edit history, it seems I've mostly done a lot of fixing of typos, and occasionally removing some POV/incorrect sentences. There aren't that many subjects that I have knowledge of, and that don't already have good articles, so I haven't written a lot. I sometimes nose around in Articles for Deletion, and will occasionaly comment on the Talk Pages of larger articles if I think that it could be improved in some way. Lately my actions on wikipedia seem to be restricted to removing vandalism and assorted rule-breaching stuff. I should really start typing some articles but again, my knowledge is quite restricted... that, and I'm afraid that with my writing skills, everything I write is going to be rewritten anyway. ^^ Basic make-up Ok, so that isn't that impressive. For a newbie like me it is though. I think the Wikipedia style of inserting images looks really neat. Especially because it's so consistent across articles. I'm glad that I also (kinda) know how it works. Trying to create subpages: User:Mystman666/steam Signatures I still want the time and date in superscript, but I get the idea that isn't possible (not with the standard way of signing using four tildes anyway). -- Mystman666 (Talk) 18:32, 6 January 2006 (UTC) Using the math editor Ok, I needed a formula for an essay, and then remembered all those formulas with sexy makeup I saw in wikipedia articles.. Fast forward half an hour, and I kinda know how to use the math-make-up-language (just kinda) $$-\frac {\hbar^2}{2m}\left( \frac {\partial^2 \Psi(x,y,z)}{\partial x^2}+ \frac {\partial^2 \Psi(x,y,z)}{\partial y^2}+\frac {\partial^2 \Psi(x,y,z)}{\partial z^2}\right)+ U(x,y,z)\Psi(x,y,z) = E_{n_{x},n_{y},n_{z}}\Psi(x,y,z)$$ $$ -Ln(\frac{I}{I_{0}}) = -\mu d \qquad \qquad \mathbf{(6)} $$ $$ I = I_{0}e^{-\mu_{p}(d_{p1}+d_{p2})}e^{-\mu_{a}d_{a}} \qquad \qquad \mathbf{(7)} $$ $$ d_{a} = \frac {Ln(\frac{I}{I_{0}}) + 2\mu_{p}d_{t}}{2\mu_{p}-\mu_{a}} \qquad \qquad \mathbf{(8)} $$ $$ T =\sum_{i=1}^I \sum_{j=1}^J \frac {(n_{ij} - E(N_{ij}))^2}{E(N_{ij})} $$ $$ E(N_{ij}) = \frac {n_{i.} n_{.j}}{n_{..}} $$ $$ T ~ Chi^2_{(I-1)(J-1)} $$ $$ F =\frac {SS_B / (I - 1)}{SS_W/(I(J-1))} \overset{H_0} {\sim} F_{I-1, I(J-1)} $$	WIKI
Polston Polston is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: Polston as a Surname originated from Sussex in England and comes from the Old English Language meaning - 'By the Pool'. * Andy Polston (born 1970), English footballer * John Polston (born 1968), English footballer * Ricky Polston (born 1956), American judge	WIKI
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/1.96 (2nd nomination) The result was keep. There is a consensus to keep, the possibility of redirects can be discussed on the talk page. (non-admin closure) Szzuk (talk) 12:30, 17 April 2018 (UTC) 1.96 AfDs for this article: * – ( View AfD View log Stats ) This number is an arbitrary approximation of an arbitrary constant; there is nothing here that should not be found at Normal distribution or Z score. CapitalSasha ~ talk 20:35, 9 April 2018 (UTC) * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Mathematics-related deletion discussions. The Mighty Glen (talk) 06:35, 10 April 2018 (UTC) * Keep looking at the page view statistics it gets about 200 hits a day, so some people must be interested. It a number a lot of people will have stuck in their heads as its the key number used to tell if a test passes at 5%, generally the level used in much of medicine where there you have limited trials.--Salix alba (talk): 09:01, 10 April 2018 (UTC) Keep I think it's a good pithy title, for an important constant. To a mathematician, it's not as significant as pi, or e, but to users and writers of thousands of articles on applied statistics, it's significant. There's an article on pi of course, so 1.96 is legitimate. I suspect many of the 200 hits per day may be from people who don't know any other term to search for it under. A redirect under any of the other titles suggested would frustrate wikipedia readers, since it would be way down the page. I think the 68-95-99.7 rule is more obscure than 1.96. Now 95% is a redirect to Normal distribution, and it's a long way down the page before 95% is discussed.Numbersinstitute (talk) 22:45, 10 April 2018 (UTC) * Comment - I think this article should/could be kept for now. I don't think this article needs to exist, not because it isn't significant (it is), but because this title isn't a very good one. At the last AfD, the title, 95 percent confidence interval in statistics, was suggested. Other titles such as "two standard deviations", "two standard deviations" (less accurate but still commonly used), etc. are also possible. Normal distribution, Z score, and Confidence interval are, I think, not quite as good of a location for this material. 68–95–99.7 rule is possible, and I would support a merge there, I think. I am not sure, though, and would like to read what others think. Smmurphy(Talk) 14:30, 10 April 2018 (UTC) * I would support a merge in principle but there is so little actual content in this article that I don't know what to merge. A line in Confidence interval saying "the most common confidence interval is 95%" would seem to sum up the entire content of what's here. CapitalSasha ~ talk 21:54, 10 April 2018 (UTC) * Fair enough. I think 68–95–99.7 rule is the best destination, and the history section would be all that is merged. Smmurphy(Talk) 22:02, 10 April 2018 (UTC) * The article on e is called e (mathematical constant), so maybe this would be clearer as 1.96 (statistical constant). Numbersinstitute (talk) 12:12, 12 April 2018 (UTC) * That's because e is something else. Parenthetical disambiguation is pointless if there is nothing to disambiguate from. --JBL (talk) 01:52, 13 April 2018 (UTC) * Keep but rename: it's hard to think what title is most appropriate here but I think it's important to note that the article's subject is not 1.96 or even 1.95996398454005423552, but z.025. Perhaps 1.96 (approximation) or z-value of 0.975 would work. I would be happy with 95 percent confidence interval in statistics but not 1.96 (statistical constant) (the constant in discussion is not 1.96). But in any case, I think the subject itself is notable. — Bilorv(c)(talk) 14:53, 14 April 2018 (UTC) * Merge elsewhere and delete/redirect. Given all the other related pages, I don't think a page on the approximation 1.96 makes a notable contribution beyond them. The value 1.96 only applies to the Normal distribution, but 95% CIs are calculated on many other statistical distributions; so I don't think titles like 95 percent confidence interval in statistics would be suitable. The software section can be deleted per WP:NOTHOWTO. Tayste (edits) 00:00, 16 April 2018 (UTC) * Keep. It's something people would expect to find in an encyclopedia. This is reasonably clear for the main title; We can deal with title problems with redirects. DGG ( talk ) 04:27, 16 April 2018 (UTC)	WIKI
/ / / Dialogflow training DialogFlow \| Training Dialogflow training In the video below, I describe how Dialogflow training works. [00:00] all right so in this lesson we are going to learn about how Dialogflow training works now you might have heard a lot of people say. And even I have mentioned this on my website at different points I say that Dialogflow is very interesting and useful because it can get smarter over time so what exactly do we mean by the statement the Dialogflow bot gets smarter over time. And when you talk about this people usually [00:30] you know they refer to it as though it were a black box I think that it’s less of a black box than most people realize. Although the intent mapping algorithm that dialog Dialogflow you know provides is is still a black box Even though the intent mapping per se is a black box the training actually is a lot more transparent than most people seem to realize. So that’s what I’m going to discuss in this video. So what I have is if you go to my website ⌛ [01:00] you can go to this page where I have this bot which just it’s a very simple effect you bought what it does is you ask a question and it will based on the question that you are asking it will find any article on my site it will only find a single article it will find an article where the title of the article matches whatever you have typed. So to see that it works properly let’s say if I say how to do how to do slot filling [01:30] comes back with this response which is a guide to slot filling and you click on it and you will notice that it actually opens a new page with an article which is pretty much having that in the title a guide to slot filling so this is how the bot is expected to work Now in Dialogflow what you have you have a feature basically which is this training feature and this is the bots you know console ⌛ [02:00] inside the Dialogflow console this is what that chat board looks like so you have all these questions and people have asked all these things and I am very interested in a particular question that somebody has asked here where they say how to connect with php and notice that when they ask this how to connect with php it has actually gone to the default fallback intent. So to show that I’m going to go to my bot Again and I’m going to paste it [02:30] and. Of course it’s going to map to the fallback intent because it’s saying I missed that can you please say that. Again so now what I want to do is I want to show you an intent which I already have in my agent so I’m going to just search for the word php. And you can see that there is this article which is about the client library for Dialogflow for php all right so I’m going to click into that article ⌛ [03:00] I’m sorry into that intent. And you can see that the training phrase is very simple it says php client library for Dialogflow v2 api getting started now this is the only training phrase you have on this in this intent and it actually is going to link to this article here on my site and let’s just quickly take a look at what it looks like I’m going to go there and let’s wait for a second [03:30] and this this is a tutorial which explains how you can use the php client library But the important point is that this is how you would connect php to Dialogflow. In other words if you want to integrate Dialogflow into your php website or app or whatever you’re building the way you do that is you use the dialogflows api and you have something called the client library I’m not going to go into the details of what the client library is but the the main thing is that you need to use something ⌛ [04:00]. Such as a php client library to connect your Dialogflow agent to your php website So that should have been the answer when somebody is asking this question how to connect with php. So what I can do is I can go back to my training tab and I go to this question. And you can see that here it’s just mapping it to the default fallback intent so. Instead of that what I can do is I can click on this and I can search [04:30] for the word php and remember that this is the article this is the article that we are interested in so I’m going to click on that. So what I have effectively done here is I have mapped this user utterance or training phrase to this particular intent and this is a variation that is the second question is just a variation of the first one so I’m going to Also select that I’m going to do the same thing. And now I’m going to so you have made a ⌛ [05:00] couple of changes so your next step has to be to approve these two changes. So let me do that now I’ve approved it you have to give it a few seconds for it to sort of update it and Also save it and also notice that of all the other training phrases we have inside this training you can say the contraining tab this one has been approved so it has this green check mark next to it. And now you can [05:30]. Also see that the agent training has been completed based on the changes that I just made but the most important thing to notice is let us say that we go back to this intent. Again so notice what happened the two phrases that I just selected and mapped to this intent they got added as user utterances or training phrases into that same intent okay so this means that ⌛ [06:00] when somebody is asking questions which are somewhat similar to these questions these phrases they are going to be now mapped to this particular intent which in turn means that they will be able to go to this particular article right So let me check that let me make sure that it actually works like we think it should. So let’s put it in there you go so now if I were to click on this yeah it goes back to that same article which we were seeing [06:30] over here all right so this is the first thing that is when you click on the when you map the training phrase to that particular intent you see that it actually goes and gets added to the training phrase list in that particular intent that’s the first thing the second thing that you should know is that when you export this Dialogflow agent the zip file of this because it contains all these training ⌛ [07:00] phrases and all the responses and So on what has also happened is that the training has been effectively saved into your Dialogflow agent I’m trying to say something which is maybe a bit abstract here but once you think through this I think it will make sense the agent which you started with was not as smart as the agent which you ended up with once you did this mapping through the training tab right that is [07:30] initially it could not answer that question which is to connect with php. And now it can answer the question to connect with php and all the new learnings that Dialogflow was able to obtain Because of your you know because you did some additional training is now stored inside of this agent which means that if you had to download the zip file. And then you know send it across someone. So that they can use that zip file to create another bot or something like that you have ⌛ [08:00] stored that extra training the extra learning that you have the bot has effectively become smarter But also it has figured out a way to retain that additional knowledge by just like the way you have the zip file of the Dialogflow agent just the way that it’s actually works right so this this is important because your Dialogflow agent when when you say that it’s getting smarter over time [08:30] it’s not as if something is happening. In the background that we don’t really understand and we can’t have any insight into but it just seems to be magically getting smarter that’s not what is happening that is it’s not as if on the servers that Dialogflow is running on Transcript auto-formatted using ATF Related Posts	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
The History of Space Travel. President Kennedy on September 12 1962 gave a speech in which he promised that we would build a rocket the size of a football field with various metal alloys many of which did even exist yet. With the precision comparable to that of the finest watch which would launch a man to the moon, an unexplored celestial body which was 240,000 miles away traveling at over 25 thousand miles an hour carrying equipment which would be necessary for propulsion, guidance, control, communication , food, and survival, before the end of the decade (which was less than 8 years away). Something like this sounded way to premature. Especially for a country that had less than a half an hour of manned space travel. But we were motivated both by our own need to explore the moon as well as the more realistic fact that the Russians had much more experience and were advancing alarmingly fast. We were at the height of the cold war and the fact that the Russians possessed greater space technology was an alarming fact in our national security. But the actual starting gun happened in 1957 when the Russians released Sputnik then just 1 month later the put a dog in orbit as well. This was incredibly alarming to Americans since now the Russians were putting more than just satellites into space and there for could put nukes in space as well. Then the most damaging blow to American pride was in 1961 when the Russians had put a man in low orbit and he had done one circle around the earth in less than 2 hours. America quickly picked up the pace in space exploration speeding the testing process too much which ended in several disastrously failed rocket tests. However were finally able to get into second place when we released a man called Alan Shepard into a brief sub orbit flight. At the time it was project mercury that was in control of manned space activity. 7 military test pilots were selected to become part of this project and in extension the newly formed NASA. Upon our 6th mission we America were able to finally get in about 2 days of space travel of our own. Then after this came Project Gemini the biggest difference between project mercury and project Gemini was in the fact that project Gemini did two manned space travels and there for were named after the latin word for twins. It acted as the connection between mercury and Apollo and had many members from both. Gemini 4 had the first American EVA which was called extra vehicular activity or space walk (having a person outside of the spacecraft). We were catching up with Russia rapidly as they had done their first space walk a mere two and a half months before America. We continued to gather more and more momentum. Between 1965-1966 10 Gemini missions were able to get America even with Russia and we started breaking records of our own. The most well-known happening during Gemini 8 in which came the first docking between two space vehicles. Gemini 8 came incredibly close to complete disaster as the two spacecraft began spinning. They were spinning so fast that crew nearly blacked out separating made the spinning even worse. The two crew members were future Apollo members David Scott and the much more well-known Neil Armstrong as captain. America began looking for better rockets that could get us into space then the titan rockets. We soon found our answer when we began building Saturn rockets. It was most powerful engine ever created by mankind. Once activated it would become brighter than the sun. It would transport man faster than he had ever traveled before and was also 100 times more powerful than the Redstone rocket which had launched Alan Shepard. The Saturn was the dawning of the Apollo program. We at long last began scheduling for the trip to the moon. We had been looking for crew member since 1962. The man who was looking for the crew members was the only man out of the original 7 test pilots to never go into space (remember there was 7 members but only 6 flights). The first major first major setback and tragedy of space exploration happened on 1967 in Apollo 1 (or as it was called Apollo 204 back then) when a flash fire destroyed the command capsule in a routine ground test. All 3 astronaut died one of which Virgil gust griffin who was the 2 american in space. Up until then NASA was somewhat reckless. It was found out that we had not properly made the electrical system which in the oxygen rich environment of the command capsule was horrible. It showed NASA that it was a dangerous business. The Apollo project began taking it a bit slower taking several unmanned tests as well as completely redesigning the command capsule. So we began working on Apollo 7 that did long-term space recon. There was a lot of pressure on them after Apollo 1. But the entire project went off absolutely perfectly. Then came Apollo 8-9-10 which all forged the way for the famous Apollo 11. 4 days after their launch the lunar module named eagle by the crew disengaged from the command module dubbed Columbia and began its descent to the surface. This part of the mission was hardest part because every other aspect of the mission had already been tested repeatedly by the Apollo forebears and there were problems. Various times during the descent alarms sounded that told the crew that a computer overload was happening. However command strict judged that this would not affect the landing and ordered them to proceed. Then at 2000 feet above the moon they found out that the auto pilot of the eagle was going to land them inside of a rocky crater. Then only 300 feet above Neil took manual control and with only around 30 seconds of fuel left was able to expertly take the module down to the sea of tranquility. At which man took its first steps on another celestial body. “One small step for man, One giant step for mankind.”	FINEWEB-EDU
Skip to main content Database & client setup Overview Options for running Weaviate Weaviate Cloud Services (WCS) is a managed service that runs Weaviate for you. You can also manage your own Weaviate instances using Docker, Kubernetes, or Embedded Weaviate. No matter how you run Weaviate, the underlying code is identical. However, there are some operational differences to be aware of. WCS, or Weaviate Cloud Services, is a managed SaaS service that requires no maintenance at your end. As it is managed by Weaviate (the company - the software is not sentient... yet). WCS is the fastest way to create a new instance of Weaviate and requires the least amount of effort for users. WCS has Weaviate instances that are pre-configured for your convenience. They include a number of Weaviate modules by default. They also have built-in support for user authentication. WCS includes a free "sandbox" tier. The WCS sandbox is our recommended method of running Weaviate in this course. Docker and Kubernetes You can run Weaviate instances using containerization solutions such as Docker and Kubernetes. Running your own instance provides you with the same Weaviate code base as a WCS instance, but you have to manage configuration and deployment yourself. This course doesn't cover self-managed instances. We will cover Docker and Kubernetes in separate course units in the future. If you are familiar with either solution and want to use them to install Weaviate now, see the documentation for Docker-Compose or Kubernetes. Embedded Weaviate We also have an experimental feature called Embedded Weaviate, where you can directly instantiate a Weaviate database from a client library. Currently, Embedded Weaviate is only recommended for evaluation purposes. Get started with WCS Sign in to WCS 1. To access WCS, go to the Weaviate Cloud Console 2. If you don't have a WCS account, click on the "Register" button to create a new account. 3. Click on "Sign in with the Weaviate Cloud Services" and sign in with your WCS username and password. Create a Weaviate Cluster To create a new Weaviate Cluster, click the "Create cluster" button. On the Create a Cluster page: 1. Select the Free sandbox plan tier. 2. Provide a cluster name. The sandbox URL is based on the cluster-name. WCS adds a suffix to ensure uniqueness. 3. Set the Enable Authentication? option to YES. 4. Press Create to create your sandbox instance. Note that the sandbox will expire after a set number of days. Create instance This starts the process to create a new instance. WCS displays a progress indicator while the sandbox builds. Creation in progress Instance creation takes a minute or two. WCS displays a checkmark (✔️) next to your sandbox when the instance is ready. Sandbox expiration & options Sandbox expiration The sandbox is free, but it will expire after 14 days. After this time, all data in the sandbox will be deleted. If you would like to preserve your sandbox data, you can retrieve your data, or contact us to upgrade to a production SaaS instance. There are several ways to work with your sandbox. Install Weaviate client Academy material in Python For the initial release of Weaviate Academy units, our materials are written around Python examples. We are working to add examples for other client languages, starting with TypeScript. We appreciate your patience as we build up our educational material. Available clients Currently, Weaviate clients are available in: • Python • TypeScript • Java • Go Client capabilities You can perform all Weaviate requests with any of these clients. For the most seamless and language-native experience, we recommend using the client for your preferred programming language. Installation Install your preferred client by following the relevant instructions below: Add weaviate-client to your Python environment with pip: pip install weaviate-client Review Review exercise Question Which of the following is not true? Question Which of the following is necessary to configure a Weaviate instance for Weaviate Academy exercises? Question Which of the following is not true about Weaviate clients? Key takeaways • There are multiple ways to run Weaviate. • The recommended, easiest way to run a Weaviate instance is with WCS. • Weaviate clients are available in multiple languages. • Currently, the Academy material is available in Python only.	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
Talk:Thousandth of an inch Conversion 0.0254 mm, or 25.4 μm (1 millimetre is equal to about 39.37 thou) INCORRECT 0.254 mm, or 25.4 μm (1 millimetre is equal to about 39.37 thou) correct —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs) 01:12, September 12, 2006 * Actually 0.0254 mm does equal 25.4 μm —MJBurrage • TALK • 19:07, 8 June 2007 (UTC) Taxation The taxation info should not be on this page. Superm401 - Talk 21:08, 23 March 2008 (UTC) "Thou" is not a unit "Thou" is not a proper unit. It is a verbal abbreviation of "thousandth of an inch". The article should be renamed. Qwasty (talk) 04:00, 2 January 2010 (UTC) * The modifier (length) used in the title is only to disambiguate it from other articles titled "Thou"; it is not used to define the text of the article. I believe that you and most everyone else was able to understand that the modifier is used refer to "thou (the abbreviation for a thousandth of an inch)". As you can see that title is a bit bulky, therefore (length) works much better. Wizard191 (talk) 15:38, 3 January 2010 (UTC) * "Thou" should redirect to mil, rather than vice versa. "Thou" is only used in shortened verbal manufacturing jargon to indicate increments of .001 inches, and is never used in print, whereas mil is frequently used to specify thicknesses of plastic films, for example. I made some edits in line with your comment, but I don't know how to fix the redirection. Qwasty (talk) 03:29, 11 March 2010 (UTC) * 'Thou' is very common in the automobile engine trade. Clearances and over-bores are commonly expressed in thou's without any qualifier. It's becoming less so as metric takes over but read car magazines or engine building manuals from the 80's to see how often it is used. Stepho (talk) 05:32, 11 March 2010 (UTC) * Mil may be common in the web industry, but definitely not in most other industrial settings, therefore I definitely wouldn't move this to mil. The only thing I might consider is moving the page to thousandth of an inch, but it's unwieldy. Wizard191 (talk) 14:33, 11 March 2010 (UTC) * I agree with moving it to thousandth of an inch, that is a better solution that encompasses both short forms, "mil" (milli-inch) and "thou". The abbreviated forms should not take precedence over the full form. I don't know how to do the move. I ought to learn how, but if you want to do it, go ahead. Qwasty (talk) 16:53, 29 March 2010 (UTC) * Per WP:UCN, I think it ought to remain the same as "thou" is much more common than "thousandth of an inch". Wizard191 (talk) 17:55, 29 March 2010 (UTC) * "Thou" is not more common, it's the abbreviated form of "thousandth of an inch". The article title should not use the abbreviated form. It would be the equivalent of titling the George W. Bush article "Dubya". Jeez. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:37, 31 May 2010 (UTC) * "Thou" is slang. "Mil" is a unit of measure. The title ought to be "Mil (length)" or "Mil (unit)". Randall Bart Talk 22:57, 24 January 2011 (UTC) * All this "I'm right and you wrong"/"No, I'm right and you're wrong" is frankly nonproductive in the absence of anyone actually producing any evidence one way or the other. Assertions without any evidence are effectively meaningless. All I will add is that here in the UK in my experience "thou" is by far and away the most common term, and is even used in some older British Standards (yes, Qwasty, in print). "Mil", if it is recognised at all, will usually be regarded as an Americanism. That suggests to me there may well be some regional, cultural and possibly even sector bias one way or the other and blanket assertions that one or other is correct are misguided at best. Crispmuncher (talk) 19:46, 6 February 2011 (UTC) * "thou" is an abbreviation. It is obvious. The article should be renamed to "thousandth of an inch". Qwasty (talk) 05:09, 14 May 2011 (UTC) Wikipedia is not a dictionary, so in a sense the title of the article is not the point. However, you are right, this article is about "a thousandth of an inch" (so I've just moved that to become the first term used) - but in practice no-one uses that term - instead they refer to it as a mil or a thou depending on their industry or location. Snori (talk) 11:27, 14 May 2011 (UTC) * Again, this seems to be an obvious case of WP:UCN, just because it's an abbreviation doesn't mean that it's a bad title name. Look at Scuba diving. Wizard191 (talk) 16:36, 16 May 2011 (UTC) * Agreed. From a linguistic science point of view, "thou" is a lexical item; it's a "real word" all right, although derived from a longer word by truncation. For those who oppose "thou" as a pagename, if you really started combing through etymologies of English-language words, I'd bet you could find many common words that came from such truncation that no longer have any registers where they "dare not tread". The idea that this process of linguistic evolution and expansion across registers must be stopped for propriety's sake bucks the realities of natural language. I agree that per WP:COMMONNAME, it's fine to keep the title as-is, and is actually preferable. A closer analogy would be if the article "physical examination" were called "physical exam". Physicians say "exam" or "lab" in speech much more often than they say "examination" or "laboratory"; and it's a certain hyperactive (although prevalent) kind of prescriptivism that insists that those words must never be written when the longer form could be substituted. The more common usage is not as horrid as a schoolmarm would have us believe. Her sense of how language works doesn't match linguistic reality. The comparison to "Dubya" is really a red herring. It speciously appeals as analogous on the surface, but it's a different subclass of the phenomenon (not least because names of persons are not precisely just like all other words in the way they're used and interchanged), and it serves as an exaggerated example that ends up being a straw man. Not saying that happens intentionally—just that the assumed equivalence is speciously appealing. — ¾-10 02:53, 17 May 2011 (UTC) * This article is an artifact of Wikipedia. It does not exist in the real world. Nobody writes "thou" (maybe you can find some irrelevant rare exceptions). Instead, it is always written numerically, or with the word "mil". Look to the plastic sheeting industry for examples. This article is an abomination and should be deleted, redirected, or renamed. Badon (talk) 06:34, 21 August 2012 (UTC) * I moved this article to Mil (length), which was reverted by Crispmuncher. Badon (talk) 06:56, 21 August 2012 (UTC) * I added dispute and citation needed templates. There are billions, if not trillions of works that use thousandths of an inch in the form of mils or just plain numbers. You could probably count on one hand the number of works that use the spelled-out literal verbal "thou". Nobody is ever going to be able to satisfactorily cite that "thou" is a unit, and "mil" is just another way of saying "thou". It's 100% total BS. * Mils and numerical forms have been used for as long as metrics capability has been able to reach that level of accuracy (probably since at least the 19th century). The most prominent usage of "thou" is only in this Wikipedia article. I dare you to try to find works using the word "thou" that predate this article. You get bonus points if you can find one that's older than Wikipedia. You don't even have to find cites to support the assertions of the article (they don't exist in significant numbers). * Badon (talk) 08:01, 21 August 2012 (UTC) * Perhaps that's true where you live, but "thou" has always been used in print in the UK, Australia etc: ...was a 2 Thou (mil) thickness clear film..., FEELER GAUGE, 1.5-25, THOU, a coating that is 1/2 thou. thick (0.0005"), 4 Thou thickness, clear, a hacksaw blade is only about 25-thou thick etc. Snori (talk) 09:41, 21 August 2012 (UTC) * About 90 seconds on google brought my to Popular Science Oct 1963, page 220: http://books.google.com.au/books?id=niADAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA220&q=thou&f=false#v=snippet&q=thou&f=false It took 90 seconds because I had to spend time to filter out Shakespearean thee, thy, thou. How do I claim my bonus? On the Australia car scene up to at least the 1980s, every mechanic would talk about overboring an engine by 30 thou, shaving 50 thou off the head or gaping the spark plugs by so many thou. Of course it's an abbreviation for thousands of an inch but it was used as a unit by practically every Australian mechanic and rev-head. Until I read it on Wikipedia, I had never even heard of 'mil'. Is 'mil' an official unit? To me it looks like another abbreviation of thousandth of an inch except it uses the romance root instead of the Germanic root. Which would make both 'thou' and 'mil' slang. Except that 'thou' is far more popular than 'mil' (at least in automotive circles). And 'mil' is going out of fashion because of confusion with millimeter. Stepho talk 10:35, 21 August 2012 (UTC) * Viceversa here: working in electronics and PCB industry since about 13 years, all around the globe, but especially in South-East Asia, and never heard the term "thou" until today. We always used "mil". All tools (like for example Altium's Protel [], just to give you an example of Australian software, one of the most used packages in PCB design and simulation, it does not know the term "thou", but only mils/inches or millimeters/microns (you can switch the unit). I am not an English native speaker and I don't want to claim any "I am right, you are wrong" sh!t, I just remark a fact, I have no idea what is right and what is wrong, but the truth is for sure somewhere in the middle. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:38, 27 May 2013 (UTC) Badon, the mistake you're making is believing that Wikipedia only covers topics whose names are used in written registers. That's an assumption you're making, not an indisputable fact. Machinists SAY the word "thou" all day long, every day. That alone is why we are "allowed" to say it on Wikipedia. — ¾-10 22:39, 21 August 2012 (UTC) * By the way, nothing in this article, either now or before the recent edits, is or was incorrect. It's all correct. The overblown use of {cn} tags can stay, because yes it will be nice to take the time to find refs to cite, but your adding them with the tone that you think the information is wrong just exposes your own ignorance. If you were a machinist in a commercial machining environment in either the US or Australia or Britain, you wouldn't think this article is an "abomination" or whatever other silly hyperbolic adjective you might apply. This article exists in Wikipedia because it ACCURATELY covers the subject of what a thousandth of an inch is, and how machinists talk about it. So you're absolutely 100% wrong that "This article is an artifact of Wikipedia. It does not exist in the real world." Like I said above, just because the short form "thou" is seldom written doesn't have anything to do with the fact that machinists say it every day. — ¾-10 22:51, 21 August 2012 (UTC) * Badon, the diverse ways which you are condemning this article smacks of trolling. As 3/4-10 points out, the article (faults and all) discusses the mil and thou in such a way as to make it clear that this is one of the many hundreds of units of measure that were developed before the ubiquity of the Metric system. If engineers in the 19th century DID NOT USE THE THOU, then what in the world did they use? Do you propose that this article is mythology and should be deleted and yet at the same time you want it to move elsewhere? You find it so weird that "thou" and "mil" are equated when they seem like only semantic differences to those who use them? You know, some people find out new information on Wikipedia. Now that I attacked your methods, let me attack your sense of logic. * Suppose that at least one person in the WORLD had a mnemonic or abbreviated way of pronouncing the following: * 0.036 inch * Suppose that this person did not toe the line and say "36 thousandths of an inch" or "36 mil." Suppose he was unlearned, or his sense of abbreviation had gone wacko when he was dropped on his head when he was a child slaving inside a grimy engine factory in Detroit or in the Outback of Australia. And he alone said aloud, 36 THOU. My question to you is this: Would his co-workers (a) laugh, (b) cry, (c) understand him and admonish him not to be linguistically lazy, (d) start using the same abbreviation. I like to saw logs! (talk) 02:39, 22 August 2012 (UTC) * I am a machinist (and more). A darn good one too. I have done a bit of everything: medical, aerospace, tool and die, light industrial, heavy industrial, mining, oil, military, automotive, plastics, composites, ferrous, non-ferrous, metallic, non-metallic, hazardous, non-hazardous, robotic/CNC, manual, Japanese, American, German, Swiss, English, metric, modern, antique, chemical, biological, nuclear, etc, etc. Some of the things my teams have built are on Mars right now. Other bits are flitting around parts of the universe I can't even imagine. But, none of that is important. * What is important is "thou" is not the name for the unit of length equal to .001 inch. It is a verbal abbreviation for the word "thousandth", and NOTHING MORE. Yes, everyone in industry who uses any thousandth of any unit will say the word "thou" as a matter of expediency. Yes, we say "thou" even when talking about .001 millimeters. Things like that are the reason the Mars Climate Orbiter crashed. For inches, the unit name is "Mil". Anything else is supplementary to that, not vice-versa. * I have seen ungodly quantities of blueprints and technical documents, in more languages than I can identify. Not one of them has the word "thou" on it. Many of them have the word "mil", though. That includes blueprints originating from Europe, China, or some other part of the world. In total, I will make a wild guess that there are at least 1 trillion written works that do NOT use the word "thou". The word "thou" is specious, and it's non-verbal usage is also specious. If it deserves an article, then it is on the same level as ain't. I don't think "thou" deserves its own article, but I see nothing wrong with making one. * What I am opposed to is supplanting formal "Mil" with informal "thou". It makes no sense. It would be equally stupid in any culture, and any language. You don't push aside technical specificity for vague colloquialisms. Somebody tried that once with something important, and it's now twisted up in it's own little crater on Mars. Maybe you should call that guy up ask him how his career is doing, to get an idea of how ridiculous such things are. * "Mil" is the correct name for the unit of length equal to .001 inch. "thou" is a verbal slang abbreviation for the word "thousand(th)(s)". That's all there is to it. * Badon (talk) 04:38, 22 August 2012 (UTC) * I will make a wild guess that there are at least 1 trillion written works that do NOT use the word "NASA". Is there a point? * As for confusing "thou" for thousandth of a millimetre, I'd say that confusing confusing "mil" with millimetre is far more likely in this era of metric use. But that's off topic - we live with what the real world throws at us. * Please provide a reference for the formal definition of 'mil'. Otherwise we have to put both "mil" and "thou" on an informal footing. If you can give a formal reference then the discussion is over and we can go back to being productive. Stepho talk 07:57, 22 August 2012 (UTC) * Google produces 29 million results for the definition of "mil". Take your pick: https://www.google.com/search?q=mil+definition * And yes, there is a point (you completely missed it). 1 trillion written works where the subject is measurements in mil units is pretty conspicuous if not one of them uses the word "thou". It doesn't get any more definitive than that. Seriously, how could it be more definitive? If out of 1 trillion definitive works you can find maybe 20 questionably notable ones that say "thou", what kind of insanity does it take to decide the 20 is more important than the trillion? It makes no sense! Badon (talk) 09:51, 22 August 2012 (UTC) * Ok, Badon, Me TOO! I think that if it was up to me, the article would be titled "Mil" or "Mil (unit)" or something and the article would use the mil for most of its language. I don't see anything horribly wrong with keeping it the way it is, but I would prefer that mil predominate. Now, what about you? Could you tolerate some or very many thous in the article? Obviously your threshold for pain was quite low on this one, so please elaborate. I am afraid some folks from UKoGBaNI and the Commonwealth states might have a low tolerance (pun intended) for instances of the mil. I think in the overall scheme of things that the thou is too heavily used for my tastes, but it hasn't aggrieved me. I like to saw logs! (talk) 05:25, 23 August 2012 (UTC) Badon. So far it looks like two informal units used in different fields and possibly different cultures. Stepho talk 18:58, 23 August 2012 (UTC) * Yes, I saw your point but its hard to take it seriously when you go off into hyperbole and wild exaggeration. These supposed 1 trillion written works prove very little. I could find plenty of works that mention "thou" and do not mention "mil". Advantage neither side. * As mentioned in the article, some fields of work naturally use "mil" (the article mentions thin plastics, a field in which I am not familiar) and other fields naturally use "thou" (eg automotive, of which I am quite familiar). Advantage neither side. * You anecdotally mentioned that you have seen many works with "mil" and none in "thou". I counted this with my own anecdote of many works with "thou" and none in "mil". Advantage neither side. * Uruiamme might have something in it being an American vs Commonwealth thing (I'm Australian but have worked in many countries). If it is an American vs Commonwealth thing then WP:ENGVAR says that both forms are valid but that we should not change the title unless there is clear consensus. See Talk:Aluminium/Spelling and the history of Aluminium if you want to see a full fledged war based on cultural usage. Advantage neither side. * Your google search doesn't produce much that usable. I checked the first few pages and they were mostly sites like www.answer.com - not exactly first class references. I'm not going to do your work for you by wading through thousands of links. However, your search did produce http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/mil but that's an American dictionary and I'm not sure whether a dictionary counts as an official definition. If dictionaries count then http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/thou makes the same claim for "thou". Here's the correspond google search for "thou" https://www.google.com/search?q=thou+definition+inch which produces sites with a similar lack of quality as your search. You still haven't provided an official body that defines "mil" as an official unit. Advantage neither side. * I have run out of time for addressing all of your points, some of which I disagree with still. The one thing I partly agree with is the largely informal nature of both "mil" and "thou". However, the definition for "mil" is unambiguous, while "thou" is just slang for "thousand(th)(s)". There's a reason we don't call the kilogram a "kilo". * "Kilo" is in far more common usage in verbal language than "kilogram", but it is just ambiguous slang, and not suitable for being presented as anything else. "Kg" is also just an abbreviation, and not suitable for an article title even though it is both standardized, and in far more common usage in written works than either "kilogram" or "kilo". "Kg" and "kilo" both take second place to the unambiguous "kilogram", simply because they're merely alternative forms for "kilogram". * Another proposal is to rename the article to "Thousandth of an inch". Then we can discuss "mil" and "thou" on equal footing, and I don't think there's any disagreement about that. What do you think? * Badon (talk) 04:45, 25 August 2012 (UTC) * Good, we at least agree that both forms are informal. I'm still confused about a couple of your points. If 'thou' is dismissed as just an abbreviation of thousandth then why is 'mil' okay when it is just an abbreviation of 'mille' (Latin for thousandth)? And if 'thou' is dismissed because of potential confusion between thousandths of an inch and thousandths of some other unit then why is 'mil' okay when it can be confused with mm (common in metric countries to say 5 mm as '5 mil')? * The article concerns the expression used. People tend to type in the expression rather than the formal concept. My preferences for the article name would be 'Thou' (first), 'Mil' (second), 'Thousandth of an inch' (very distant third). Stepho talk 04:02, 29 August 2012 (UTC) * Redirects can handle whatever people are likely to type in. I concede that "mil" and "thou" are on equal footing beneath "Thousandth of an inch", for the purposes of this article. If we are moving towards Thousandth of an inch as the proper title for this article, then we can present the full spectrum of usage of numerical forms, "mil", "thou", and whatever else is notable, all within an unambiguous context of "Thousandth of an inch". * I disagree that the article concerns solely the expression "thou". Firstly, given its nature as a trivial abbreviation of the word "thousand(th)(s)", it is either ambiguously meaningless or not sufficiently notable for Wikipedia, separately from the full context of "Thousandth of an inch". "Mil" seems to be in a similar situation. Therefore, information about the unit of length meaning for both "mil" and "thou" naturally belongs in an article about "Thousandth of an inch". I learned a few things just fleshing this issue out here on the talk page - like "mil" is not so well-defined as I had thought, which makes it perhaps literally equivalent to "thou" as yet another informal abbreviation of an ambiguous word (although the choice of a Latin word was undoubtedly meant to avoid ambiguity and trivialness, much like Latin and Greek scientific naming schemes - a feature that "thou" does not have). * So, in terms of raw usefulness, I think a properly contextualized article explaining all of this would be very good for anyone looking for the information. I'm a pretty knowledgeable fellow, particularly in this area of specialty, so the fact that I didn't know some of this information is a testament to the importance of getting this article right here on Wikipedia. * Badon (talk) 10:36, 29 August 2012 (UTC) * Yeah, I know the feeling of finding out a belief of 20 years was wrong (see my folly at Talk:Parallel_ATA). * I much prefer 'thou' due to my own biases and could live with 'mil' in recognition of other people's biases (as agreed by both of us, both forms are on an equal footing). I'm not thrilled with moving to 'Thousandth of an inch' because nobody says that but I'm not seriously against it either. And as you said, redirects can cover all forms. Give me a few days to let it rattle around my subconscious a bit - like wine, sometimes a bit of aging brings out the fine points :) Stepho talk 04:46, 30 August 2012 (UTC) * Sounds good, I'll kick back and visit this talk page again in a few days. Wost Wikipedians are lifelong-learners, so I'm sure we'll recover after we integrate this "new" paradigm into our subconscious :) If it's any consolation, America will probably switch to the metric system after we finally figure out exactly what to call this unit we've been using for the last 200 years, and then it will be just a historical curiosity... Badon (talk) 06:07, 31 August 2012 (UTC) * It has been a over a month since there has been any discussion of disagreement about renaming this article to Thousandth of an inch. This is a last call for further discussion, and if there's no response or no disagreement, then myself or someone else can do the move and adjust the phrasing in the article to accommodate it. Badon (talk) 17:57, 9 October 2012 (UTC) * Oops, I'd forgotten about this. I'm still not thrilled about the proposed name but I'll not stand in it's way. Don't forget to make 'thou' and 'mil' redirect to the new name and to mention them both prominently in the introduction. Stepho talk 22:54, 9 October 2012 (UTC) * Support. I'm not against the current title, but I'm equally OK with the change as described above (title thousandth of an inch, all redirects point to there, make sure to keep all discussion of nomenclature and usage). I think I'll go move the page now, and tweak the lede accordingly. — ¾-10 18:15, 14 October 2012 (UTC) * I like the work you hove done for the move, thank you very much! Badon (talk) 06:51, 15 October 2012 (UTC) spark plug gap http://www.gsparkplug.com/shop/spark-plug-gap-settings was recently added to explain spark gap gaps, then deleted because it was a commercial site, the restored because it was claimed as useful. I'm not worried that it is a commercial site because it explains spark plug gaps well enough and doesn't push its products. It would probably be a good reference for the spark plug article. However, it doesn't explain anything about 'thou', the closest it gets is an example usage: 'The rule of thumb for the spark plug gap on older engines is coil ignition 0.025 thou and magneto ignition 0.018 - 0.020 thou.' Since this is not an article about spark plugs, I would like to remove this reference without continuing an edit war. Thoughts? Stepho talk 02:05, 14 June 2011 (UTC) * I would agree with its removal - especially as that means there are now two reasons for it to go. --Biker Biker (talk) 08:18, 14 June 2011 (UTC) * Yeah, not the best ref for this article, although it would be good in spark plug, if required. Wizard191 (talk) 15:17, 14 June 2011 (UTC) * It has been removed from that article several times after being spammed by the site owner. --Biker Biker (talk) 16:39, 14 June 2011 (UTC) Trim I've just done a pretty good trim. Apologies if your contributions went into the bit-bucket, but the stuff that went - while interesting - wasn't really directly relevant. Snori (talk) 11:27, 21 August 2012 (UTC) * Thanks for your efforts. The article is pretty stuffed with questionable material, so it needed a good trim. Badon (talk) 09:55, 22 August 2012 (UTC) * If the "questionable" accusation is true, then what are any specific examples of such "questionable material"? Any specific example at all, let alone "stuffed with"? There was nothing in the article that wasn't accurate. Regarding Snori's trim, I'm fine with it because it was done with enough smarts that it succeeded in shortening without omitting anything essential. The cut-out material was educational for those wanting explication, but it's true that most WP readers wouldn't want so much to absorb. I have more respect for one aspect of Badon's position now that it has been explained: that it's not that he hasn't heard the usage "thou", it's just that he wants the article title to switch to "mil" because that's the term used in written registers. And that switch would be fine with me. I never cared which title redirected to which, as long as the information is present. However, the thing I did take exception to was Badon's melodramatic attitude accusing the content of being flawed. Just because you don't like a colloquial usage doesn't mean that there was any incorrect content in the article. Those are two separate concerns, and the latter is groundless. Also, just because you don't like the informality of a colloquial usage doesn't mean that the usage "doesn't exist". That's not the way language actually works, although most of us were taught in school to believe that it is. — ¾-10 01:30, 23 August 2012 (UTC) * I think we agree more than we disagree. That's really my only major grudge with this article - the direction of the redirect. "Thou" is important enough to require explanation, but it should probably be done in an article titled "Mil", instead of vice-versa, with "thou" redirecting to the Mil article. Then, the article would just need some minor tweaks to bring it up to a good standard of consistency and quality, with some cites to prove that "thou" really is used verbally, even though it is extremely rare for it to appear in a written record within it's context of usage. That in itself is unusual and interesting enough to be notable. * The "questionable" stuff is mostly either superfluous trimmable stuff like what Snori dealt with, or it's stuff that needs to be adjusted with regard to the relationship between "mil" and "thou". Badon (talk) 02:43, 23 August 2012 (UTC) * By the way, if I have succeeded in making my case for renaming the article with "mil" instead of "thou", we should probably do the move before Snori does much more trimming. Parts of the material that has been trimmed will be useful in a retitled "mil" article, once we add some cites to document the usage of "thou" in speech. Badon (talk) 02:54, 23 August 2012 (UTC) * I think I've trimmed about as much as necessary - I'll be on my way and leave others to look after this article for a while :-) BTW, I don't have a strong opinion regards the title of the article, but as noted by myself and several others, outside of the US mil is/was nearly unknown, or clearly a USism - and thou was definitely commonly used in print (again, outside the US), before metric/SI swamped it. I'd concede that it may not ever have been as formal a unit as the mil has been in the US - but even that isn't a "real" unit as far as I can tell. Snori (talk) 09:07, 23 August 2012 (UTC) * Snori might have stepped in it here. A "real" unit? You just sent quite a number of technicians and their engineering friends into a milspec tailspin. So before everyone's head spins from lack of a specific issue, let me put it bluntly: By what authority do people use either the mil or thou? If this is a matter of usage, then it is merely a unit of convenience or convention. It is no more a recognized unit than a carton of eggs or a "package of gum." While my examples seem to be clear and concise, there aren't formal bodies that produce perfect and precise uses, definitions, and standards for their international use. I will go further and say that even if there was an official name for this unit, the Wikipedia might not agree with official nomenclature and go with common usage... See the article Burma and its history to see why it's not entitled Myanmar. * So if this is not a real unit anyway, then the title isn't all that big of a deal. Even the poor Myanmarians have to be content with being Burmese if that's what consensus says or historically they were called. But as long as the mil is a simple matter of usage and convenience, then an article called thou can cover them both, real or imaginary, unit or convention. I like to saw logs! (talk) 00:45, 25 August 2012 (UTC) Edit of Mnemonics I would like to clean up this section; I'll probably combine it with 'Unit Conversions'. In particular, the entry '1 μm is approximately half a tenth, or 50 millionths.' is roughly 20% inaccurate, and I'll remove it. Any objections?Benthatsme (talk) 01:48, 24 September 2014 (UTC) * The reason for the section's existence (and separation from the precise unit conversions) is explained in its opening paragraph, and in my opinion, people who aspire to be good CNC operators (as opposed to pushing buttons blindly and spinning the roulette wheel to see whether scrap results) can learn valuable "feel" from it. It's about gut-level, intuitive, horse-sense comparisons—quick mental arithmetic while under pressure to be thinking about other things at the same time. To "feel" from moment to moment whether the numbers in front of you are wrong or right. Imagine the digital mic says your last wear offset change yielded a .003 mm difference in the part size. Quick!—tell me now (not 8 seconds from now)—how does that compare to .002"? Without thinking hard—without a calculator—without "doing a math problem". Can you do it? Did you know instantly it was way smaller, something like 1/15th to 1/20th the size—as opposed to 1/4, 1/2, or 1.5× the size? If so, you did it with arithmetic horse sense—not with a multiplication or division of a 3- or 4-digit number by a 3- or 4-digit conversion factor. Precise unit conversions, which are not instant mental math, are covered in the other section. The sections have different goals. The reason the least accurate mnemonic ("1 μm is approximately half a tenth, or 50 millionths") isn't more accurate is that half a tenth (often expressed as 50 millionths) is the closest landmark that means something to the machinist's gut instantly. "3.937008e-5 inches" may be more accurate, but it means nothing to your gut instantly. You "translate" the latter to "feel" it mentally; the former is "palpable" as-is. Meanwhile, as for "a tolerance of ±0.25 mm is about the same as a tolerance of ±10 thou"—that's both useful to the gut and also so accurate that the last 2 tenths are nearly meaningless. If they gave you a tolerance of ±10 thou, then you shouldn't be on the edge at 9.8 thou arguing about whether the last 2 tenths matter; if you are, then "you're doing it wrong", with "it" referring to your setup, tooling, or operating in general. Not that those 2 tenths are legally negligible—legally, at receiving inspection, you either are less than 10 thou or over it. But the point is, can you teach a student to feel that ±0.25 mm is about the same as ±10 thou, as opposed to ±2 thou, and to know in the gut upon first glance at the drawing, hey, this is a different animal regarding operating and inspecting? With the first one, the resolution of my caliper (half a thou) doesn't matter (I'll check periodically to confirm I'm staying well inside—whether it reads .0035" or .0045", either way I breeze right past it). Whereas with the second one, the resolution alone may trample both sides of the borderline between good and scrap, and I better carefully measure every third piece with a tenth-reading mic, instead of breezily measuring every 10th piece with a caliper. I better check the mic against a gauge block repeatedly throughout the day (whereas for the caliper, meh, I just confirmed that .250 drill this morning, it read .249—I have no doubt the drill and the caliper are both still good enough, we're not going to inspect closer to find out where the other thou went). — ¾-10 03:36, 24 September 2014 (UTC) NOTMANUAL The following was deleted because "very clearly WP:NOTMANUAL; removed". * For machinists who need to maintain a continual "horse sense" of relative size, it is useful to have a gut feeling for the following. (Each of these "equivalents" is off by an amount that is negligible for most practical purposes—for example, 2 tenths on a plus-minus-10-thou tolerance. But the point here is horse sense on the fly—quick common-sense mental math to keep oneself oriented when machining and inspecting.) * 1 thou is about 0.025 mm. * 10 thou is about 0.25 mm. * 1 tenth is about 2.5 μm. * 1 μm can be thought of as half a tenth (although a bit smaller, 40 millionths versus 50 millionths). * 1 mm is about 40 thou. I reinstated it but it was deleted again because "Not a textbook". Yet just above the deleted lines was the following: * 1 thou is equal to: * 0.001 international inches (1 international inch is equal to 1,000 thou) * 0.0254 mm, or 25.4 μm (1 millimetre is about 39.37 thou) I don't understand what is manual like or textbook like about the delete lines but not manual or textbook like about those left behind. One group is approximate and the other is exact but both are useful for readers. WP:NOTMANUAL is meant to avoid us placing procedures and methods in articles - but that is not the what is happening here. Stepho talk 10:31, 14 April 2020 (UTC) * I was not involved in the removing, but I find the phrases "For machinists who need to", "it is useful to have a gut feeling for" and "can be thought of as" a bit un-encyclopedic. ⛐ Boivie (talk) 10:54, 14 April 2020 (UTC) * True, but it can be reworded rather than outright deleted. Stepho talk 11:20, 14 April 2020 (UTC) * Direct and exact unit conversions are encyclopedic for obvious reasons. Though while we're at it this is already in the infobox so we could remove the redundant section (or expand and keep it, as in, example: Inch). Approximate equivalents for practical purposes do not fall into this category, as it is not the purpose of Wikipedia to serve as a practical guidebook (anyway, what kind of machinist (the groups it would be "useful" to...) would need Wikipedia for an approximate conversion??); see WP:NOTMANUAL: "6. Wikipedia is an encyclopedic reference, not a textbook. The purpose of Wikipedia is to present facts, not to teach subject matter." <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:04, 14 April 2020 (UTC) * There are 2 points that I do not understand here. * 1. Why do you consider exact units useful but not approximate units? For myself, I was raised on metric units, so I have a hard time visualising thousand's of an inch. Something that helps to visualise them would be useful. * 2. Why do you consider approximate units as part of a textbook but do not consider exact units as part of a textbook? * Please note that I am happy to shrink the horse sense verbiage down to something like "Some approximations are:" Stepho talk 11:01, 15 April 2020 (UTC) * Exact conversions are encyclopedic material as they give a factual equivalent - this is done at literally every article about a measurement unit; ex. Kilometre, Newton_(unit), Gram. Approximations could be presented, but, per what I quoted above ("The purpose of Wikipedia is to present facts, not to teach subject matter."), there would be little reason to do so in as excessive a fashion as it was (maybe a simple statement in the lead). More common metric approximations of imperial units have their own page, ex. Metric inch (25 mm), but that is clearly not warranted here. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 14:24, 15 April 2020 (UTC) Musical Instruments String Gauge Reference Someone replaced a reference to a free site with a specific reference to the topic ("string gauge") with a link to a general book that does not talk about string gauges at all. This did not add value to the page. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Gianca1976 (talk • contribs) 06:42, 12 November 2021 (UTC) * Sure, the book talks about it, on page 164 as the citation indicates. Swapping out self published websites for published books is a good thing. MrOllie (talk) 22:45, 14 November 2021 (UTC) * So the reader has to go out to the library and buy the book, instead of clicking on a link and find immediately, for free, the information he/she needs. Brilliant. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Gianca1976 (talk • contribs) 14 November 2021 (UTC) * I've added another book reference that is viewable online: https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/Mini_Music_Guides_Guitar_Care_and_Gear_E/2jWqBAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=guitar+string+%22gauge%22&pg=PA146&printsec=frontcover * Please remember to sign your comments by adding 4 tildes ( ~ ) at the end. Stepho talk 11:27, 15 November 2021 (UTC) * Nice job, but the link I've entered provided more complete information. Also, the whole idea of "a thousandth of an inch as a measure of musical instruments strings" was associated with that link and added value to this page. Now, I understand the battle against spammers, but not all the external links are spam. And I've noticed on many pages many links that are clearly spam, but still allowed. At this point it would be better to forbid external links at all, otherwise it is easy to think about some form of manipulation. Gianca1976 (talk) 12:42, 15 November 2021 (UTC)	WIKI
Page:History of India Vol 2.djvu/272 234 THE KUSHAN OR INDO - SCYTHIAN DYNASTY of intercourse between India and China before the time of the Yueh-chi invasion. The statement that the Em- peror Ming-ti sent for Buddhist teachers in or about 64 A. D., although rejected by Wassiljew, has been ac- cepted by most writers; but even those authors who admit the fact that Buddhist missionaries reached China at that date allow that their influence was very slight and limited. The effective introduction of Buddhism into China appears not to have taken place until the reign of Hwan-ti, about the middle of the second cen- tury, when " the people of China generally adopted this new religion, and its followers became numerous." This development of Chinese Buddhism was apparently the direct result of Kanishka's conquest of Khotan, and it is consequently improbable that the Han prince brought his Buddhist creed with him. It may be as- sumed that he adopted it during his stay in India and that when he returned home he became an agent for its diffusion in his native land. Wassiljew 's view that the Buddhist religion did not become widely known in China until the fourth century is not inconsistent with the belief that the Indian system was effectively introduced to a limited extent two centuries earlier. The stories told about Kanishka's conversion and his subsequent zeal for Buddhism have so much resem- blance to the Asoka legends that it is difficult to decide how far they are traditions of actual fact, and how far merely echoes of an older tradition. The Yueh-chi monarch did not record passages from his autobiogra- phy as Asoka did, and when we are informed in the	WIKI
Outbreak Education Outbreak education is an integral part of every health facility, and is a serious matter when dealing with infectious diseases. It should be treated as a standard system that a public health facility should practice in the course of its treatment procedures. Outbreak prevention is done to prevent patients from contracting the infection, and the hospital must keep this kind of information ready for reference purposes, especially during urgent cases. Public health facilities that employ infectious disease specialists must have effective information on the outbreak prevention procedures. Most of the medical facilities do not have enough time to implement the system since they usually have other more important matters that need to be attended to. They can only afford to spend a few hours on research or implementation of the system. But still, in case of emergencies, it should be implemented as quickly as possible. An outbreak education should be held regularly in order to serve as a guide for both the staff and the patients. In such instances, the need for an outbreak education is really imperative. This is because of the fact that the symptoms of the infection are varied and change frequently. Since every patient is different, the outbreaks can be identified by the different symptoms. As a result, people do not know where to start. The outbreak education can actually be helpful in providing an explanation for the symptoms and how they can be prevented from happening. There are several types of outbreak education that the staff members should carry out. Some of them include: Learn the causes of the infections. There are a number of causes that are considered as leading to the spread of diseases. If people are aware of the causes, they can start doing preventive measures and can begin to live their lives a little healthier. Hence, an outbreak education should include the possible causes of the illnesses and their preventive measures. Learn the symptoms of the outbreak. The initial step of the outbreak education is to understand the symptoms and learn how to recognize them. As a result, people can get immediate attention if they see any of the signs or symptoms. There should be a sign or symptom that is recurring or which does not seem to clear up on its own. Learn what to do in the event of an outbreak. This is so important in order to avoid future occurrences. If people are fully aware of the outbreak prevention steps, they can stop spreading the infection. An outbreak education helps people in knowing about the ways of preventing the spread of the disease. Different types of outbreaks are recorded according to the type of infection that is causing it. These infections include: influenza, ringworm, genital herpes, shingles, hepatitis and cervical cancer. People who are infected by the viruses should understand the signs and symptoms of the infections so that they can get treated in a timely manner. There are various types of medical facilities and these are equipped with the necessary facilities to treat the different types of diseases. In case of emergencies, it is always better to consult the public health services to be able to save lives.	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
Nieuwe Herengracht The Nieuwe Herengracht is a canal in Centrum district of Amsterdam. The canal is an extension of the Herengracht that runs between the Amstel and the Scharrebiersluis (lock) leading to the Schippersgracht from the Entrepotdok. It is in the Plantage neighborhood in the eastern part of the Grachtengordel (canal belt). History The Herengracht, dug in 1612, is named after the Heren Regeerders who governed Amsterdam in the 16th and 17th centuries. The part between Leidsegracht and the Amstel belongs to the expansion of 1658. With the last expansion, the section was laid east of the Amstel to Schippersgracht, where the water flowed into the IJ, or since 1832 into the Oosterdok. This part, the Nieuwe Herengracht, like the Nieuwe Keizersgracht and the Nieuwe Prinsengracht, ran through the prosperous part of Amsterdam's Jewish quarter. From 1874 the Nieuwe Herengracht has been part of the shipping connection between the Amstel and the Oosterdok and the IJ respectively. Before this the connection was via the Zwanenburgwal and the Oudeschans. The stone arch bridges were replaced by movable bridges for the shipping industry. These bridges are the Weesperzijde (bridge 237: Walter Süskindbrug), Weesperstraat (bridge 238: M.S. Vaz Diasbrug ), Muiderstraat (bridge 239: Hortusbrug) and bridge 50 in line with Plantage Doklaan. These were replaced by the current bridges in the 1960s and 1970s. Construction Because the expansion of Amsterdam reduced demand for land, some building plots were donated to charities. For example, in 1682 the Hortus Botanicus Amsterdam, originally intended by the Amsterdam city council as a medicinal herb garden, was moved to the Nieuwe Herengracht. This botanical garden located on the bank of the Nieuwe Herengracht in the Hortus Bridge (bascule bridge 239) and Muiderstraat is one of the oldest botanical gardens in the world. Around 1682, at the behest of the Diaconie of the Netherlands Reformed Congregations, the Amstelhof was built between Nieuwe Herengracht and Nieuwe Keizersgracht in monumental classical style as a home for the elderly in need. The construction was made possible by a bequest and the donation of the building land by the city administration. It remained in use as a nursing home until 2007. The complex has been radically renovated. In 2009, the H'ART Museum opened its doors here. Behind the H'ART Museum on the Nieuwe Herengracht 18 and 20 are the 18th-century houses Het Corvershof and Amstelrank. The monumental buildings were also commissioned by the Diaconie to accommodate and care for the elderly and the sick. Like Van Limmikhof and Hodshonhof, which are located on Nieuwe Keizersgracht, they are part of the Amstelhoven complex, which used to include the building that now houses the H'ART Museum. They share the communal garden designed by Bureau Mien Ruys. Organizations related to the Protestant Diaconie Amsterdam are still located in the houses. Amstelrank offers accommodation to Het Wereldhuis, where refugees are assisted. Architecture and buildings * A typical example of a raised frame façade with a small semi-circular center elevation is found on Nieuwe Herengracht 99, completed in 1700. Jan Weenix painted five permanent paintings (wall hangings) for this house at the end of the 17th century. The client was Jacob H. de Granada, owner of a plantation in Suriname. Because of the large room at the front overlooking the Plantage, that house was popular with art lovers. The paintings were privately sold in 1923 to William Randolph Hearst for his Hearst Castle on the California coast. The canvases were subsequently spread over half the world. * The only nude that the painter Jacob de Wit painted is from Nieuwe Herengracht 99. The panel was commissioned for the library of Isaac de Pinto and hangs in the Amsterdam Museum. * The double house Nieuwe Herengracht 103, with a sandstone frame façade in Louis Quinze style, a door and window frame and a stylish frontal sidewalk and the rococo decorative fence. Aaron Joseph de Pinto, 1710–58, a rich Jewish merchant and art collector, bought the late 17th-century building in 1734 and had it thoroughly renovated in 1751 and fitted with a new (current) facade. * The double house on Nieuwe Herengracht 143 from 1720 has a sandstone façade with checkered corner lesenes, sculpted middle engraving, with a raised straight frame with corbels in the middle. Famous residents * Hendrik Gravé (1670–1749), Dutch admiral, lived at Nieuwe Herengracht 99. * Aaron Joseph de Pinto (1710–1758), merchant and collector. * Isaac de Pinto (1717–1787), governor of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and philosopher. * Willem Sautijn (1704–1789). * Jan van Mekeren, rich Amsterdam wood buyer and benefactor. * Samuel Wiselius (1769–1845), patriot, received 99 Nieuwe Herengracht from Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden. * Jonas Daniel Meijer (1780–1834), first Jewish lawyer in the Batavian Republic to be admitted to the bar, lived at Nieuwe Herengracht 103. * Isaac Gosschalk (1838–1907), architect, born on Nieuwe Herengracht. * Frederic Joseph Maria Anton Reekers (1842–1922), Catholic politician. * Willem Hovy, owner of De Gekroonde Valk beer brewery, lived at the end of the 19th century on Nieuwe Herengracht 143. * David Wijnkoop (1876–1941), communist, lived at Nieuwe Herengracht 67 from 1907 to 1910. * Wim Ibo (1918–2000), comedian, writer and producer. * Ben Sajet (1887–1986), socially engaged doctor and social-democratic Amsterdam city council member and member of the States of North Holland.	WIKI
Is the Answer to Phone Addiction a Worse Phone? Disruptions SAN FRANCISCO — I’ve gone gray, and it’s great. In an effort to break my smartphone addiction, I’ve joined a small group of people turning their phone screens to grayscale — cutting out the colors and going with a range of shades from white to black. First popularized by the tech ethicist Tristan Harris, the goal of sticking to shades of gray is to make the glittering screen a little less stimulating. I’ve been gray for a couple days, and it’s remarkable how well it has eased my twitchy phone checking, suggesting that one way to break phone attachment may be to, essentially, make my phone a little worse. We’re simple animals, excited by bright colors, it turns out. Silicon Valley companies like Facebook and Google know this, and they have increasingly been turning to the field of applied neuroscience to see how exactly brains respond to color in the apps, what brings pleasure and what keeps the eye. New research shows how important color is to our understanding of priorities and emotion. But not everyone wants to be so enamored with their screen. This week, two major investors asked Apple to figure out how to help parents limit their children’s use of iPhones and iPads, citing concerns over “long-term health.” There’s also a growing movement among some early tech employees warning against the products they’ve built. And many consumers are starting to wonder what this is all doing to our minds. Mack McKelvey, the chief executive of the marketing firm SalientMG in Washington, D.C., said she’s aware of the tricks phones use to keep you on them longer — and coming back sooner. “You don’t buy black-and-white cereal boxes, you buy the really stimulating colored one, and these apps have developed really cool tiles, cool shapes, cool colors, all designed to stimulate you,” Ms. McKelvey said. “But there’s a vibrant world out there, and my phone shouldn’t be it.” She decided to make the switch to gray as well. But it was trickier than she expected. “It took like 40 minutes to figure it out. They buried the setting,” she said. “You have to really want to do it.” (If you want to try, here are some tips.) One person Facebook and others turn to is Thomas Z. Ramsoy, the chief executive of Neurons, a four-year-old company based in Copenhagen. His business uses brain scans and eye tracking technology to study apps, updates and future technology. The company often measures the electrical activity of the brain while a consumer is interacting with a phone, such as texting and scrolling Facebook. The goal, Mr. Ramsoy said, is usually for a product to inspire happy emotions and draw attention without freaking a consumer out. For the past year, he said, Facebook has been its largest client, publicizing some of the research. “There is so much business now, we pinch ourselves,” he said. “Color and shape, these are the icebreakers when it comes to grabbing people’s attention, and attention is the new currency,” he said. “Having an interface that grabs people’s attention without disturbing them in the wrong way, without consciously intruding in their space, that’s the fine line.” What going grayscale does, Mr. Ramsoy said, is reintroduce choice. Companies use colors to encourage subconscious decisions, Mr. Ramsoy said. (So that, for example, I may want to open email, but I’ll end up on Instagram, having seen its colorful button.) Making the phone gray eliminates that manipulation. Mr. Ramsoy said it reintroduces “controlled attention.” “It’s a very good idea,” he said. “You have to take away the sound as well.” One way Silicon Valley could help ease phone addiction is by using a more thoughtful color palette, said Bevil Conway, an investigator at the National Eye Institute, who researches color and emotion. “Color’s not a signal for detecting objects, it’s actually something much more fundamental: It’s for telling us what’s likely to be important,” Mr. Conway said. “If you have lots of color and contrast then you’re under a constant state of attentional recruitment. Your attentional system is constantly going, ‘Look look look over here.’ ” The same way people think about a color scheme when they’re planning the living room décor, Mr. Conway said, they should think about color when it comes to their phone’s home screen too. “If you had a color palette, you would end up with a phone that looked pleasant and was not addictively rewarding, that had some intentionality, but of course nobody wants you to do that,” he said. “Because what they want is for you to look.” Silicon Valley is in a battle for our attention, and often I feel like the last person in charge of my own eyes. After going to grayscale, I’m not a different person all of a sudden, but I feel more in control of my phone, which now looks like a tool rather than a toy. If I unlock it to write an email, I’m a little less likely to forget the goal and tap on Instagram. If I’m waiting in line for coffee, this gray slab is not as delightful a distraction as it once was. The switch made me realize, in a tangible way, that I still have a little choice here.	NEWS-MULTISOURCE
Skip to main content Web application security testing - A Guardian website example. When you read a blog post like this, or an article on a website, can you be sure its the 'real thing'? How would you know if it had been doctored? Lets assume the 'server' is fairly secure and hasn't been hacked into. So the content is going to be OK isn't it?, it looks OK..? So we've checked the location bar at the top of our web browser and it definitely has the right website/company name. No funny-looking misspelled names, possibly meaning I'm reading a fake site. And to be doubly sure, the browsers location bar states its using HTTPS and even has that reassuring little padlock we've come to look for and trust. OK, so to recap: • The website's server is secured. (Well - for the the purposes of this, lets give them the benefit of the doubt) • The logo, words, content and layout all appear to be kosher. • We are using the correct website address. (No unusual spellings e.g.: www.goole.com etc) • The page is secured using HTTPS. (Warm glow from the on-screen padlock) (Don't worry - this actual page is not secured via HTTPS, unlike our hypothetical example above) An increasing part of my testing is application-security related, investigating websites to answer just these sorts of questions. A few months ago, In my own time, I took a quick look at the Guardian website. I've used the Guardian as an example before, as well as interesting news they have have some cool API tools to learn with. Like many news websites, the Guardian lets users create an account, and log in. This log-in form is essentially the front end to the Guardian's id.guardian.co.uk system, and like all software it has problems - things that can upset its users or owners. Similar to 'normal' functional testing, you can reverse engineer how a web site or application works by a combination of trying different inputs and examining exposed parts of the system (JavaScript/HTML/Cookies etc). Security related issues in some respects are easier to find, as you are not constrained by 'typical' system usage. Those oft-ignored 'edge cases' are quite often useful attack vectors. But just like a functional problem, the context in which the bug exists is important - What is the cost to the company to fix/not-fix? What's the risk of not fixing? Are we a target for this sort of threat? Is this a compliance issue? Are we already being hacked in this way? After examining how the Guardian's log-in page worked (in April), I found that the Guardian's 'id' system was vulnerable to a reflected cross-site scripting (XSS) attack. The web page could be 'polluted' with code or content that wasn't from the Guardian. In this case that was via the URL, I could include my own code and execute it when the user loaded the page in their browser. The 'reflected' term used above means that its not the Guardian's website that contains the bad/polluting code. But rather their website just reflects the bad-code back to the user - when you request a web page in a certain way. Visiting the Guardian's website directly, by manually typing in the URL, would make us immune to this particular issue. But unfortunately, the Web is errh a web, and we click links all the time - especially on things like Facebook or twitter, where the links are often even obscured or shortened. The bug could be exploited by amending a normal looking Guardian URL to include some extra/different data: https://id.guardian.co.uk/signin?returnUrl=%27%0D%3C/SCRIPT%3E%3CSCRIPT%3Ealert%28%27HACKED%27%29;//%0D%3C/SCRIPT%3E (The issue is fixed now, the above URL does not exploit anymore.) The web site would then incorporate that into its [returned] JavaScript code unchecked, instead of the normal un-tampered returnURL value: ... <script> function gPlusSigninCallback(authResult) { var fallbackButton = jQuery(".google-plus-fallback-button"); var jsButton = jQuery(".google-plus-js-button") fallbackButton.addClass("hidden") jsButton.removeClass("hidden") if (authResult['error'] == undefined) { if(authResult['g-oauth-window']) { jQuery.ajax({ url: 'https://id.guardian.co.uk/jsapi/google/autosignup', cache: false, async: true, crossDomain: true, dataType: 'jsonp', data: { accessToken : authResult.access_token }, success : function() { window.open(' ' </script><script>alert('HACKED');// </script> ', '_parent'); } }); } } } <script type="text/javascript"> (function() { var po = document.createElement('script'); po.type = 'text/javascript'; po.async = true; po.src = 'https://apis.google.com/js/client:plusone.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(po, s); })(); </script> ... My XSS code would execute on that page when opened via this modified URL. That modified code can be used to rewrite parts of the page, read a user's cookies or ask the user questions such as What is your password? E.g.: The issue was particularly bad as it was on the log-in screen, a place where users would be expecting such a question. So despite being self-assured about the authenticity of the web page, thanks to it meeting the criteria mentioned above - A user could have been easily duped. So what did I do? I reported the issue to a contact at the Guardian and passed on the details of the bug. Following the conventions of Responsible Disclosure, I informed the Guardian of what I had found and that I might blog about the issue, after a given time period had expired. This gives the company time to fix the issue, and security researchers like me credit for our work. What did they do? They fixed the bug, thereby protecting their users. They also said thanks. That's a lot more than some companies do, so I'm happy. What can you do? As a tester, you can start looking for these issues yourself in your systems, there are plenty of resources available to help. For example OWASP have a testing cheat sheet for many application security problems, including reflected XSS. Like other applications of exploratory testing, the real requirements are in your skills and mind-set and this comes in part from experience. Your security testing skills may not let you know in advance if a system has been hacked when you come to read it, but at least you will have the skills to find out if it has been - or at least how easy it might be. Comments Popular posts from this blog Betting in Testing “I’ve completed my testing of this feature, and I think it's ready to ship” “Are you willing to bet on that?” No, Don't worry, I’m not going to list various ways you could test the feature better or things you might have forgotten. Instead, I recommend you to ask yourself that question next time you believe you are finished. Why? It might cause you to analyse your belief more critically. We arrive at a decision usually by means of a mixture of emotion, convention and reason. Considering the question of whether the feature and the app are good enough as a bet is likely to make you use a more evidence-based approach. Testing is gambling with your time to find information about the app. Why do I think I am done here? Would I bet money/reputation on it? I have a checklist stuck to one of my screens, that I read and contemplate when I get to this point. When you have considered the options, you may decide to check some more things or ship the app XSS and Open Redirect on Telegraph.co.uk Authentication pages I recently found a couple of security issues with the Telegraph.co.uk website. The site contained an Open redirect as well as an XSS vulnerability. These issues were in the authentication section of the website, https://auth.telegraph.co.uk/ . The flaws could provide an easy means to phish customer details and passwords from unsuspecting users. I informed the telegraph's technical management, as part of a responsible disclosure process. The telegraph management forwarded the issue report and thanked me the same day. (12th May 2014) The fix went live between the 11th and 14th of July, 2 months after the issue was reported. The details: The code served via auth.telegraph.co.uk appeared to have 2 vulnerabilities, an open redirect and a reflected Cross Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability. Both types of vulnerabilty are in the OWASP Top 10 and can be used to manipulate and phish users of a website. As well has potentially hijack a user's session. Compromised URLs, that exp DevOps and Software Testing. Most of my recent work has been with DevOps teams. While in one sense DevOps is another evolution in software development. It also introduces some new skill requirements and responsibilities into the daily routine of a tester. These diagrams tend to confuse people, hence the video... I've created a short video to highlight some of these changes and the opportunities they bring. It's not an exhaustive view of DevOps but it gives a highlight of what you could be working with. While DevOps isn't a panacea to our software development problems, I have found that empowering teams with the ability to build and use the tools they need, can rapidly improve team morale and productivity.	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
XAML Extensions XAML markup extensions allow you to do some pretty cool things inside the XAML. You have probably already been using them in fact. For example, x:Name and x:Reference are both markup extensions. An extension is a XML node that entirely replaces itself with a new value after the XML content has been parsed. In the case of the x:Reference node, it replaces itself with the item being referenced. There are a few standard Xamarin Extensions that you might find useful, but we have also added a few of our own that should make your life a bit easier. XAML extensions have two formats. I will call them Inline and Element. Let's look at the Binding as an example. While a Binding doesn't normally make sense as an Element style, let's pretend it does: 1 <Binding Path="Text" Source="{x:Reference textbox}" /> Copied! In the Element style, the properties are specified just like they are in HTML like you are probably accustomed to. The property name is followed by an equals sign and the value is enclosed by quotes. Then an space and the next property follows the same pattern. However, the Inline format is different: 1 {Binding Path=Text, Source={x:Reference textbox}} Copied! In the Inline format, we see that the property values are not enclosed by quotes, and a comma is used to separate two properties. The reason for the lack of quotes is that these Inline extensions are enclosed in a property value and thus the double-quote character is already in use. If the value you need to specify includes a space, it is fine to use as the comma is used to note the end of the value (either that or the closing } character). Conversely, if the value needs to include the comma character, you can wrap the value in single quotes, such as: 1 {Binding Path='Hello, Daniel', Source={x:Reference textbox}} Copied! Obviously, this is a bad example since the Path to a property could neither include a comma or a space, but you get the idea. Last modified 1yr ago Copy link	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
Antisemitica Antisemitica are images, texts or objects that depict or describe negative stereotypes of Jews, often driven by hatred, devaluation and degradation. Several paraphernalia of Antisemitica have been assembled during the late 20th century and been given to respectable institution for scientic work and responsible exhibitions. In the fields of book collecting, and rare book dealing, the term designates the collection and distribution of books, pamphlets, serials, posters, and other printed literature, of an antisemitic nature. Motives for viewing and collecting Antisemitica does not, generally, designate antisemitic activity, or antisemites themselves. In the United States, the freedom of the press does not limit the publication or distribution of antisemitic literature, and there are scholarly and historical interests in such material. Nevertheless American Museums are very reluctant to collect and exhibit such objects. Several, often Jewish, collectors declared it was their intention to take the material off the market. Arthur Langerman described that he was guided by his attempt to understand the history and the geography of antisemitism. Another Jewish collector, Peter Ehrenthal, noted “a sadistic or masochistic trait to it”. Collections Noteworthy collections of Antisemitica have been assembled by Simon Cohen (London), Peter Ehrenthal (New York City), Arthur Langerman (Antwerp) and Martin Schlaff (Vienna). The Schlaff Collection, consisting of about 5,000 objects, was donated to the Jewish Museum Vienna in 1993. The Cohen Collection was exhibited in 2010 at the Jewish Cultural Centre in London and the Ehrenthal Collection was shown in 2012 at the Wolfson Museum of Jewish Art in Jerusalem. The Langerman Collection consists of about 8,000 posters, drawings, paintings, postcards, statuettes and other examples of visual antisemitism from four centuries. In 2019 the collection was donated to the Technical University of Berlin, it is based at its Center for Research of Antisemitism. In 2022, the Langerman Foundation acquired about 800 antisemitic postcards from the estate of Peter Ehrenthal who had died in January of 2022 at the age of 101. The Price Library of Judaica at the University of Florida has a collection of written Antisemitica that includes close to 300 books and pamphlets. The Jewish Theological Seminary Library holds several pamphlets and periódica from the United States and England including manuscripts and notes from antisemitic immigrant Arthur Cherep-Spiridovich.	WIKI
2001 Moscow City Duma election The Moscow legislative election of 2001 was held on 16 December of that year to the fourth convocation of the Moscow City Duma. The elections were held according to a majoritarian system in 35 single-mandate constituencies. Every sixth candidate was registered on the basis of an electoral deposit (the amount of which is 450 thousand rubles ). There was a noticeable increase in the role of administrative resources compared to previous elections and the understanding by potential candidates that “the fight is useless - everything has been decided in advance”. 25 incumbent deputies took part in the elections, 22 of them were re-elected for a new term. The city election commission spent 121 million rubles on the elections. Background Journalist Sergei Dorenko announced his desire to run for deputy, but he refused to participate a month before the elections, citing the fact that he had been sentenced for hooliganism. He was going to create and lead the coalition “In Defense of Putin - Luzhkov”. On November 5, 2001, the leaders of the emerging ruling party United Russia, as well as the leadership of the Union of Right Forces and Yabloko - Shoigu, Luzhkov, Nemtsov, and Yavlinsky - signed a joint appeal in which they declared their desire to present a single list of candidates for deputies of the city council. According to Moscow Mayor Luzhkov, “essentially, this is the first experience in the history of new Russia of consolidating various political parties on the eve of elections”. Of the 35 districts, 33 were won by candidates who were on this “list of four”. Aftermath Vladimir Zhirinovsky, leader of the LDPR, said that the elections were rigged, and the real turnout was 14%. At the same time, Deputy Speaker of the Moscow Parliament Alexander Krutov took the initiative to abolish the minimum turnout threshold of 25%, but expressed his disagreement with Zhirinovsky's opinion and pointed out that talk about low turnout "is a great myth, since 30% is a normal phenomenon". During the term of office of the Moscow City Duma of the third convocation, there were factions “United Russia”, communist, “Rodina” and two democratic ones - “Yabloko - United Democrats” from representatives of “Yabloko” and “Union of Right Forces” and “New Moscow” from representatives “Union of Right Forces”, Russian Party of Life and former independent deputies.	WIKI
HiSilicon Kirin 710A vs MediaTek Dimensity 800 VS The HiSilicon Kirin 710A and MediaTek Dimensity 800 are two processors with different specifications. Starting with the HiSilicon Kirin 710A, it features a CPU architecture consisting of 4x 2.0 GHz Cortex-A73 cores and 4x 1.7 GHz Cortex-A53 cores. With a total of 8 cores, it offers a balanced combination of performance and power efficiency. The processor operates on the ARMv8-A instruction set and is built on a 14 nm lithography process. It has approximately 5,500 million transistors, indicating a decent level of complexity. The TDP, or thermal design power, is rated at 5 Watts, suggesting it requires relatively low power to operate efficiently. On the other hand, the MediaTek Dimensity 800 boasts a CPU architecture consisting of 4x 2.0 GHz Cortex-A76 cores and 4x 2.0 GHz Cortex-A55 cores. With a total of 8 cores as well, it showcases a focus on performance. Similar to the Kirin 710A, it operates on the ARMv8.2-A instruction set. However, the Dimensity 800 has a smaller lithography process at 7 nm, which typically offers better power efficiency and performance gains. The TDP for the Dimensity 800 is rated at 10 Watts, indicating slightly higher power consumption compared to the Kirin 710A. Additionally, the Dimensity 800 incorporates a Neural Processing Unit (NPU), which enhances its capability in performing AI-related tasks. In summary, while both processors offer a combination of high performance and power efficiency, they differ in various aspects. The HiSilicon Kirin 710A has a larger number of cores and a lower TDP, which may make it more suitable for power-constrained applications. On the other hand, the MediaTek Dimensity 800 showcases a smaller lithography process, a slightly higher TDP, and incorporates an NPU, making it a potentially better choice for tasks involving AI and machine learning. Ultimately, the choice between these two processors would depend on the specific requirements and priorities of the intended application. CPU cores and architecture Architecture 4x 2.0 GHz – Cortex-A73 4x 1.7 GHz – Cortex-A53 4x 2.0 GHz – Cortex-A76 4x 2.0 GHz – Cortex-A55 Number of cores 8 4 Instruction Set ARMv8-A ARMv8.2-A Lithography 14 nm 7 nm Number of transistors 5500 million TDP 5 Watt 10 Watt Neural Processing NPU Memory (RAM) Max amount up to 6 GB up to 16 GB Memory type LPDDR4 LPDDR4X Memory frequency 1866 MHz 2133 MHz Memory-bus 2x32 bit 2x16 bit Storage Storage specification UFS 2.1 UFS 2.2 Graphics GPU name Mali-G51 MP4 Mali-G57 MP4 GPU Architecture Bifrost Valhall GPU frequency 650 MHz 650 MHz GPU boost frequency 1000 MHz Execution units 4 4 Shaders 64 64 DirectX 12 12 OpenCL API 2.0 2.1 OpenGL API ES 3.2 Vulkan API 1.0 1.2 Camera, Video, Display Max screen resolution 2340x1080 2520x1080@120Hz Max camera resolution 1x 48MP, 2x 24MP 1x 80MP, 1x 32MP + 1x 16MP Max Video Capture 4K@30fps 4K@30FPS Video codec support H.264 (AVC) H.265 (HEVC) VP8 VP9 H.264 (AVC) H.265 (HEVC) VP9 Wireless 4G network Yes Yes 5G network Yes Yes Peak Download Speed 0.6 Gbps 2.77 Gbps Peak Upload Speed 0.15 Gbps 1.2 Gbps Wi-Fi 4 (802.11n) 5 (802.11ac) Bluetooth 5.1 5.1 Satellite navigation BeiDou GPS GLONASS BeiDou GPS Galileo GLONASS QZSS Supplemental Information Launch Date 2020 Quarter 4 2020 Quarter 2 Partnumber Hi6260 MT6873, MT6873V Vertical Segment Mobiles Mobiles Positioning Mid-end Mid-end AnTuTu 10 Total Score Kirin 710A 187293 Dimensity 800 325654 GeekBench 6 Single-Core Score Kirin 710A 298 Dimensity 800 514 GeekBench 6 Multi-Core Score Kirin 710A 1256 Dimensity 800 1882	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
Got glute goals? Build a stronger booty by challenging the entire muscle group with this targeted dumbbell glute workout… Strong glutes do much more than look good in a pair of jeans. Strengthening this key muscle group with a dumbbell glute workout will help improve your posture, boost your athletic performance, decrease your risk of injury and make daily activity – sitting, standing, walking upstairs – that little bit easier. Get kitted out for this dumbbell glute workout Try the Amazon Basics Neoprene Dumbbells BUY IT NOW: £13 / amazon.co.uk But if you want to work your butt, you need to target all three glute muscles – the minimus, medius and maximus – for full effect. These muscles work together to support hip extension, abduction and rotations, so you’ll want to hit your glutes from every angle. Luckily, this dumbbell glute workout from online fitness coach, Nicki Petitt is just the ticket. How to do this dumbbell glute workout: Warm up for this dumbbell glute workout by doing some glute-activation exercises. We’ve suggested the frog pump exercise, but you could also try banded walks, bodyweight squats and bodyweight single-leg deadlifts for extra variety. These moves will wake up your butt and leg muscles, which can get a big groggy after hours spent sitting in a chair. Next, perform the following moves in order. Do each move for 40 seconds, then take 20 seconds of rest before repeating another 40 seconds of work. Move onto the next move after performing two sets, and repeat the entire circuit two times. Related content: 1. 10 minute yoga glute workout to tone your bum 2. 8 best Pilates leg exercises to tone your thighs & glutes 3. Legs, bums and tums home workout plan (with weights) Dumbbell glute workout 1. Frog pumps 2. Sumo squat 3. Step-back lunges 4. Curtsey lunges 5. Romanian deadlift 6. Elevated hip thrust Keep reading for full instructions on how to perform each exercise in this dumbbell glute workout. frog pumps dumbbell glute workout frog pumps dumbbell glute workout FROG PUMPS The first exercise in this dumbbell workout wakes up your glute and leg muscles 1. Start lying on your back and bring the soles of your feet together by your bottom, with palms flat on the floor by your sides (A). 2. Lift your hips and squeeze your glutes at the top (B, below right). Try to create a straight line from your knees to your chest. 3. Repeat for 40 seconds, take 20 seconds of rest, then do it again. Be sure to perform the floor exercises in this dumbbell glute workout on a supportive mat. Try the Sundried Yoga Mat BUY IT NOW: £18.90 / amazon.co.uk sumo squat dumbbell glute workout sumo squat SUMO SQUAT Builds strength in your lower body, plus helps develop stability, mobility and flexibility 1. Start in a standing position with feet wide apart and toes at 45 degrees. Hold a dumbbell in both hands with arms hanging down straight (A). 2. Bend at the hips and knees to squat down, with your back straight and eyes facing forward. Lower until your thighs are parallel to the ground (B). 3. Keep your weight over your heels, sit in the squat for a second, then push through your heels to return to standing. To make it harder, increase the tempo – three counts down, one to drive up. step back lunges step back lunges STEP-BACK LUNGES Works your glutes, quads, hamstrings, calves and abdominals 1. Start standing with feet shoulder-width apart, a dumbbell in each hand, arms by your sides (A). 2. Brace your core, as you lunge the left leg backwards, keeping your front knee behind your front toes. Your chest is up (B). 3. Ensure your back leg is an inch or two off the floor, core engaged and hips stable. Bring your back leg forward to come to standing, then repeat on the same side. Perform the next set on the other side. 4. To make it tougher, add four pulses to the bottom of each lunge position. curtsy lunges glute dumbbell workout CURTSY LUNGES Works the glute medius, quads and hip abductors 1. Start in a standing position with a dumbbell in both hands in front of your chest, elbows down (A). 2. Bracing your core, step your right foot behind your left foot, lowering your hips until your left thigh is parallel with the floor (B). The right knee should hover an inch above the floor. 3. Maintain a flat back and ensure your hips don’t twist throughout the movement. 4. Reverse the movement back to the start, then repeat. Switch to the left side for the second set. dumbbell glute workout deadlift dumbbell glute workout deadlift ROMANIAN DEADLIFT Works the hamstrings, glutes, lower back and core 1. Start in a standing position with feet shoulder-width apart. Hold a dumbbell in both hands with arms straight and hands in front of hips (A). 2. Push your bottom backwards, hinging at the hips and maintaining a straight back, to lower the dumbbell towards your shins (B). 3. Pause at the bottom when you feel your hamstrings tighten, then drive your hips forward to stand tall, and squeeze your glutes at the top. elevated hip thrust elevated hip thrust ELEVATED HIP THRUST Work the glute max and medius, plus the hamstrings with the final exercise in this dumbbell glute workout 1. Start lying on the floor with your feet raised onto a chair or similar surface (a step will do), knees bent at 90 degrees and a dumbbell resting safely on your hips (A). 2. Drive through your heels to raise your bottom, creating a straight line from knees to shoulders (B) 3. Lower with control. Repeat the movement, squeezing your glutes at the top of every rep. Words and model: Nicki Petitt \| Photography: Eddie Macdonald \| Clothing from Lululemon; trainers from Under Armour	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
User:Z1381 This account has been disabled by myself. This is my new account address:@Ahz100 Sincerely @Ahz100	WIKI
Milk and Honey (Israeli group) Milk and Honey (חלב ודבש Khalav U'Dvash) was an Israeli vocal group. The original line-up consisted of Shmulik Bilu, Reuven Gvirtz, Yehuda Tamir, and Gali Atari. History The group was assembled in 1978 by producer Shlomo Zach and composer Kobi Oshrat, after both Hakol Over Habibi and Yardena Arazi turned down the opportunity to perform Oshrat's song "Hallelujah" in the Israeli national selection for the Eurovision Song Contest 1979. Milk and Honey eventually won the national selection, and went on to also win the Eurovision Song Contest 1979. "Hallelujah" peaked in the UK Singles Chart at #5 in April 1979. The group had one other international hit, "Goodbye New York". Less than a year after the song contest, Atari retired from Milk and Honey and was replaced by Leah Lupatin in 1981. The same year, Atari sued Zach for unpaid royalties; in 1994, an Israeli court ruled in Atari's favour, ordering Zach to pay the royalties. Subsequently, in 2003, Zach and his partners sued Oshrat, alleging that Oshrat should have also contributed to the payments made to Atari, as he was a partner in the group. That lawsuit was settled in 2009 through mediation. Milk and Honey competed in the national final on two further occasions; they performed the song "Serenada" in 1981, coming fourth, and "Ani Ma'amin" in 1989, where they came eighth. Gvirtz and Tamir accompanied the Israeli song contest act in 1988. Shmulik Bilu died at Ichilov Hospital in Tel Aviv on 31 December 2023, at the age of 71.	WIKI
Discussion Parallel actions on pagelist Hi, Is there a way in pega where we can perform independent processing on each element of a pagelist akin to a parallel way? Just to illustrate, lets say my workobject has a data in the form of pages A(1-10) and i need to perform a series of straight through processing on them. Each processing takes about 10 secs and the overall process time would increase if we could launch them in parallel (similar to Connect-SOAP method) and wait for all the "threads (just a ref)" to complete (like a split for each) I tried by using a split/join shape inside a split for each and the result was slower than the conventional split for each action. Any thoughts? Vin Moderation Team has archived post This post has been archived for educational purposes. Contents and links will no longer be updated. If you have the same/similar question, please write a new post. Comments Keep up to date on this post and subscribe to comments December 8, 2011 - 3:22pm How about doing the processing in a SOAP call back to pega with "run in parallel" turned on? It seems there is a limit of only 10 threads at a time and over that it throws an error...anyone know why? December 12, 2011 - 6:00am You can use the Queue method in this, if your pagelist processing has got nothing to do with the main activity. In this case, the processing would be done in a different requestor	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
From inside a frame scroll parent document to top. I need a way to click a button inside an iframe to scroll parent the document to top. LVL 5 mnb93Asked: Who is Participating? b0lsc0ttConnect With a Mentor IT ManagerCommented: mnb93, Does the page have a named anchor? If so you can try ... parent.window.location.href="#name"; Let me know if you have any questions or need more information. b0lsc0tt 0 mnb93Author Commented: no, but how can I make one? 0 mnb93Author Commented: <a name="asdadas"></a> ? 0 Free Tool: Subnet Calculator The subnet calculator helps you design networks by taking an IP address and network mask and returning information such as network, broadcast address, and host range. One of a set of tools we're offering as a way of saying thank you for being a part of the community. mnb93Author Commented: parent.window.location.href="#name"; that is like a framebreaker, sorry not what I want. 0 mnb93Author Commented: parent.document.getElementById('name').scrollIntoView(true); 0 mnb93Author Commented: That is the answer 0 b0lsc0ttIT ManagerCommented: mnb93, If that is the answer then you should not have closed this by accepting my comment, even with a C grade. I will post to Community Support and ask them to correct this. They can refund your points and either close it by accepting the answer you posted or delete the question. Let me know if you have any questions. bol 0 mnb93Author Commented: But you helped me figure out the answer. 0 mnb93Author Commented: Without your idea, I still wouldn't have the answer. 0 b0lsc0ttIT ManagerCommented: OK, I can respect that. The C grade made me think I wasn't any help. I'm glad that I was able to help you and the problem is fixed. Thanks for the fun question. bol 0 Question has a verified solution. Are you are experiencing a similar issue? Get a personalized answer when you ask a related question. Have a better answer? Share it in a comment. All Courses From novice to tech pro — start learning today.	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
Home forums ANOVA ANOVA with occasional missing observations Viewing 1 reply thread • Author Posts • #81 Andrew Stewart Participant Hi Henrik – I’ve been trying to run some repeated measures ANOVAs using afex and notice that when I have multiple observations per participant per condition, afex ignores a participant completely if just one observation is missing – even though the condition means for the participant can still be calculated from the observations that are present. You can see in the following code where two observations for participant 10 are missing – participant 10 is then entirely removed even though the condition means can still be calculated. Is there a way to specify in afex that condition means should still be calculated even if the occasional observation is missing? Many thanks. Andrew. require(afex) data(sk2011.1) sk2011.1[c(3,4),"response"] <- NA # Table 1 (p. 264): aov_ez("id", "response", sk2011.1[ sk2011.1$what == "affirmation",], within = c("inference", "type"), between = "instruction") This gives the error: 2: Missing values for following ID(s): 10 Removing those cases from the analysis. • This topic was modified 2 years, 6 months ago by henrik. Reason: formatted code as code • #83 henrik Keymaster Great question as I was honestly surprised afex does not do that automatically. I guess I always remove my NAs from the data before running analyses and hadn’t encountered that before. Fortunately, the solution is super simple. We can simply pass na.rm=TRUE to the call of the ANOVA function and this will be passed on to mean() which does the automatic aggregation. Then the mean for each participant and cell are calculated excluding NAs: aov_ez("id", "response", sk2011.1[ sk2011.1$what == "affirmation",], within = c("inference", "type"), between = "instruction", na.rm=TRUE) # Contrasts set to contr.sum for the following variables: instruction # Anova Table (Type 3 tests) # # Response: response # Effect df MSE F ges p.value # 1 instruction 1, 38 1072.56 0.12 .001 .73 # 2 inference 1, 38 995.53 12.68 .11 .001 # 3 instruction:inference 1, 38 995.53 13.07 * .11 .0009 # 4 type 1, 38 188.61 0.06 .0001 .81 # 5 instruction:type 1, 38 188.61 3.04 + .005 .09 # 6 inference:type 1, 38 499.82 30.59 * .13 <.0001 # 7 instruction:inference:type 1, 38 499.82 11.33 .05 .002 # --- # Signif. codes: 0 ‘*’ 0.001 ‘’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘+’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1 # Warning message: # More than one observation per cell, aggregating the data using mean (i.e, fun_aggregate = mean)! Viewing 1 reply thread • You must be logged in to reply to this topic.	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
Popular tips Is there a reset button on a Onan generator? Is there a reset button on a Onan generator? On the Generator push STOP twice rapidly followed by one rapid push to START. Do not start the generator. 3. Hold down Stop/Prime and it should show a steady red light. What would cause my Onan generator not to start? Here are some of the most common reasons why your RV generator won’t start: Low Oil Level. Battery Issues. Lack of Fuel in RV. How do you prime an Onan generator? How to Prime Fuel to My RV Generator 1. Check the level in the fuel tank. 2. Check the inline fuse. 3. Locate the prime button, which actuates a prime relay. 4. Depress the momentary push switch if your generator does not have a prime button. Why does my Onan RV generator not start? The Onan RV generators are the best power producers and known to deliver quality. Sometimes, there may be a case that Onan generator won’t start, and the common causes for the same are listed above. If you do not manage to detect the problem, do not worry, as getting expert help is never too late. What do I need to start my Onan generator? Getting the Engine Running Before any evaluation of the controls, regulator or generator can proceed, the Onan engine must have oil and fuel, be in running condition and the 12-volt battery charged. The electronic governor, 151-0752, on Models BGM and NHM, Spec B and later, must be functioning properly. Why does my generator not start when I plug it in? Top Reasons your Generator Won’t Start 1 Low on fuel 2 Low on oil 3 Battery is dead 4 Cables are plugged in 5 Choke is too open/closed 6 Dirty air filter 7 Bad spark plug 8 Carburetor is clogged 9 Fuel valve or line is clogged 10 Low oil sensor is malfunctioning What causes an RV generator to shut down? • Stuck automatic choke causing an excessively rich mixture and smoking. • Stuck oil pressure switch causing shutdown as soon as the start button is released. • Dirty air filter, causing an excessively rich mixture and smoking. • Low oil level preventing starting on models equipped with low oil level switch.	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
Page:Hind Swaraj or Indian Home Rule.djvu/130 apply to the millions. In order to restore India to its pristine condition, we have to return to it. In our own civilisation, there will naturally be progress, retrogression, reforms and reactions; but one effort is required, and that is to drive out Western civilisation. All else will follow.	WIKI
Black Tank Vents: How to Assess and Fix a Clogged RV Sewer Vent Black Tank Vents: How to Assess and Fix a Clogged RV Sewer Vent Posted by Happy Campers Store on Feb 14th 2024 That Sewer Smell Could be a Clogged Roof Vent from Your RV's Black Tank RVing is a fantastic way to explore the great outdoors, but it also comes with its fair share of maintenance tasks. One such task is dealing with a clogged RV sewer vent or RV black tank vent. This issue can lead to unpleasant odors and even potential health hazards. This blog post will guide you through the process of assessing and fixing a clogged roof vent in your RV. Firstly, it's important to understand what an RV sewer vent is and why it's crucial. The vent allows gases to escape from your RV's black tank, preventing buildup and ensuring the system operates correctly. It works similarly to a P-trap under your kitchen sink. When this vent gets clogged, it can cause a range of issues, including slow drainage, gurgling noises, and unpleasant odors. So, how do you assess if your RV sewer vent or RV black tank vent is clogged? The first sign is usually a foul smell coming from your RV's plumbing system. If you notice this, it's time to investigate further. Most people start with the toilet and quickly move to the black tank for the issue. While this is the place to start, if you're sure you've cleaned and cleared your holding tank then there is most likely a clogged sewer vent. Understanding Your RV Sewer Vent Stack The vent stack on your RV's black tank is essentially a straight pipe made of 1 1/2" PVC that connects to an opening on the top of the black tank and extends through the RV's roof. As you may know, there's a removable cap on top. There could be several issues causing a clog: Firstly, your tank might be "dry" due to a leaking valve. To resolve this, fill the tank (if you don't have a black tank flush valve, use the toilet's foot pedal and flush repeatedly until the tank is full and gurgles. Then, empty the tank and repeat the process. Aim to dump a full tank 3 or 4 times after filling it with fresh water. Secondly, the vent stack might have detached from the tank, meaning the 1 1/2" PVC has pulled out of the black tank's top. To check this, gently twist the pipe extending through the roof. If it moves, you might have a leaking vent stack issue, although this is less likely. Thirdly, your black tank might be dirty. While all black tanks are inherently dirty, yours might have residue stuck to the side walls from years of use without adequate flushing. The best way to remove this is with mechanical action (sloshing water) on the tank's sides. We dive deep into how to thoroughly clean a black tank in another post; Learn how to prevent and address RV black tank clogs. Here is an overview of the steps to use The Extreme Cleaner to Totally Clean your black tank. 1. Make sure your black tank valve is closed. 2. Turn off the fresh water. 3. Mix 1 entire container of Extreme Cleaner into a bucket or toilet bowl full of water. Flush the product and water down. 4. If you are mobile: Drive your camper/trailer around for a good 45 minutes to make sure what's in the holding tank gets swashed around real good. Dump your black tank and rinse. 4b. If you are stationary (can't drive around): Add as much hot water into your holding tank along with the full container of Extreme Cleaner. Let this sit in your tank for 24-72 hours. Better results for 48-72 hours, but we can't always wait that long, can we? Empty your black tank. 5. Use your built-in rinser, a tank wand or backflusher to make sure your tank is clear. 6. Turn your fresh water valve back on. Lastly, it could simply be that the wind is pushing air down the vent stack, and when you flush, the airflow brings a "gentle breeze" up through the toilet. What can you do to solve that little problem? Camco Cyclone RV Sewer Vent Get the Camco Cyclone Sewer Vent: This vent allows you to use the power of the wind to draw holding tank odors out of your RV. Even a gentle breeze works with the dynamically engineered shape of the Cyclone to create a powerful vortex that pulls odors up and away. Attaches easily to any RV plumbing vent. How to Check for Sewer Vent Blockage: Start by visually inspecting the vent on your RV's roof. If you see any obvious blockages, such as leaves, bird or bee nests, this could be the cause of your problem. However, sometimes the blockage isn't visible from the outside. In this case, you'll need to do a more thorough inspection. To do this, you'll need a garden hose with a spray nozzle. Insert the hose into the RV sewer vent and turn on the water. If the water backs up and doesn't drain, this is a clear sign that your RV black tank vent is clogged. Once you've confirmed that your RV sewer vent is clogged, it's time to fix the problem. If the blockage is visible and easy to reach, you may be able to remove it manually. Be sure to wear gloves and use a tool like a long stick or a plumber's snake to dislodge the blockage. If the blockage is further down the vent, you'll need to use a method called "water jetting." This involves using a high-pressure water jet to break up the blockage. You can either hire a professional to do this or purchase a water jetting kit and do it yourself. After you've removed the blockage, it's a good idea to clean your RV sewer vent to prevent future clogs. You can do this by running a large volume of water down the vent to flush out any remaining debris. In conclusion, dealing with a clogged RV sewer vent or RV black tank vent can be a bit of a hassle, but it's a necessary part of RV maintenance. By regularly inspecting your vent and taking action at the first sign of a problem, you can keep your RV's plumbing system running smoothly and enjoy your adventures on the open road. No More Clogged Roof Vent in Your RV Remember, a well-maintained RV is the key to a successful and enjoyable RVing experience. Don't let a clogged RV sewer vent or RV black tank vent put a damper on your adventures. With the right knowledge and tools, you can assess and fix the problem with ease. Happy RVing!	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
Caterpillar says compliant with tax laws after IRS claim (Reuters) - Caterpillar Inc (CAT.N) said on Friday it was compliant with tax laws, a week after federal law enforcement officials raided three of the company’s buildings in connection with a probe into the heavy machinery manufacturer’s offshore tax practices. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) has challenged the company’s taxes for the years 2007-2012, the company said in a statement on Friday. “We disagree with the IRS’ position, have cooperated for requests for information,” Caterpillar said. A New York Times article on Tuesday said a report commissioned by the United States government accused the company of carrying out tax and accounting fraud. (nyti.ms/2lC69Gw) “I believe that the company’s noncompliance with these rules was deliberate and primarily with the intention of maintaining a higher share price. These actions were fraudulent rather than negligent,” said Leslie Robinson, an accounting professor and the author of the report, according to the New York Times article. Caterpillar said it had received the report on Thursday and was reviewing it. Reporting by Arunima Banerjee in Bengaluru; Editing by Shounak Dasgupta	NEWS-MULTISOURCE
Janet Lansburgh Janet Lansburgh (born Janet Martin) was an American screenwriter and director known for her work on Walt Disney productions of the 1950s and 1960s. She often worked with her husband, Larry Lansburgh. Janet began working for Walt Disney as a publicist beginning in the late 1930s, and she and Larry would later work as writers for the studio. Their 1957 short film The Wetback Hound won the Oscar for Best Live Action Short Film at the Academy Awards in 1958. Selected works * Run, Appaloosa, Run (1966) (writer) * The Tattooed Police Horse (1964) (writer) * The Horse with the Flying Tail (1960) (writer) * The Wetback Hound (1957) (director) * Cow Dog (1956) (writer) (uncredited) * Beauty and the Bull (1954) (writer) * Mystery Lake (1953) (writer) * Desert Killer (1952) (writer)	WIKI
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 93.djvu/1089 PUBLIC LAW 96-135—DEC. 5, 1979 93 STAT. 1057 "(i) such employee consents to such postponement, and "(ii) the Secretary finds that such postponement is necessary for the continued effective operation of the agency. The period of any postponement under this subparagraph shall not exceed 12 months and the total period of all postponements with respect to any employee shall not exceed 5 years. "(4) For the purpose of this subsection— "(A) 'Bureau of Indian Affairs' means (i) the Bureau of Indian "Bureau of Affairs and (ii) all other organizational units in the Department Indian Affairs.' of the Interior directly and primarily related to providing services to Indians and in which positions are filled in accordance with the Indian preference laws. "(B) 'Indian preference laws' means section 12 of the Act of "Indian June 18, 1934 (25 U.S.C. 472; 48 Stat. 986), or any other provision preference laws." of law granting a preference to Indians in promotions or other Federal personnel actions.". (b) Section 8339(d) of title 5, United States (Dode, is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new paragraph: "(5) The annuity of an employee retiring under section 8336(j) of this title is computed under subsection (a) of this section, except that 5 USC 8336. with respect to service on or after December 21, 1972, the employee's annuity is— "(A) 2y2 percent of the employee's average pay multiplied by so much of the employee's service on or after that date as does not exceed 20 years; plus "(B) 2 percent of the employee's average pay multiplied by so much of the employee's service on or after that date as exceeds 20 years.". (c) The first sentence of section 8339(h) of title 5, United States Code, is amended— (1) by inserting "(d)(5)," after "(b),"; and (2) by striking out "or (h)" and inserting in lieu thereof ", (h), or (j)". (d) The amendments made by this section shall take effect on the Effective date. 5 USC 8336 note. date of the enactment of this Act. SEC. 2. (a) For purposes of applying reduction-in-force procedures Reductions in under subsection (a) of section 3502 of title 5, United States Code, with force. e 472a. 25 u s respect to positions within the Bureau of Indian Affairs and the Indian Health Service, the competitive and excepted service retention registers shall be combined, and any employee entitled to Indian preference who is within a retention category established under regulations prescribed under such subsection to provide due effect to military preference shall be entitled to be retained in preference to other employees not entitled to Indian preference who are within such retention category. (b)(1) The Indian preference laws shall not apply in the case of any Reassignment reassignment within the Bureau of Indian Affairs or within the Indian Health Service (other than to a position in a higher grade) of an employee not entitled to Indian preference if it is determined that under the circumstances such reassignment is necessary— (A) to assure the health or safety of the employee or of any member of the employee's household; (B) in the course of a reduction in force; or (C) because the employee's working relationship with a tribe has so deteriorated that the employee cannot provide effective service for such tribe or the Federal Government. 59-194 O — 81 69: QL3 �	WIKI
Talk:MathML WebEQ Don't know if it's suitable for inclusion, but there is a Java piece of software called WebEQ which renders MathML in a browser and has a WYSIWYG editor that can write the MathML for you. Mediawiki extension with MathML support I know it is not about the article but can help who need it (like me): I've made a extension to mediawiki. Here is the link: ASCIIMathML4Wiki SSPecter ☎ &spades; 01:55, 26 October 2007 (UTC). MathML support in Chrome as of 2013-01-12 an overview of browser support of MathML: http://caniuse.com/mathml — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs) 30 April 2012 14:38 Removal of Browser Support section I propose removing the “Browser support” section entirely. The parts of it that are likely to be interesting are better placed in the History section. It contains a large number of abandoned browsers, and even among those browsers that are still active, the information may be misleading or incorrect. This is particularly true of the introductory text in that section, which is currently a hot mess. One bit is worth rescuing; the final paragraph of text (“The quality of rendering of MathML in a browser depends…”) could (and likely should) be moved into the section “Presentation and semantics”. Otherwise, it seems to me the article would be more timeless and less cluttered by the removal of this section. Feedback on this proposal is welcome! EricAMeyer (talk) 20:23, 3 March 2023 (UTC) * In the absence of feedback pro or con, I’ve gone ahead and done this just now. EricAMeyer (talk) 18:29, 23 March 2023 (UTC)	WIKI
Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 17.djvu/585 Rh NORMANDY 539 of the province of Tours. The land thus marked out took in the districts of Caux, Talou, Rouen, Evreux, Lisieux, Bayeux (Bessin), Avranches, and Coutances (Cotentin, pagus Constantinus), with the greater part of the Hiesmois and about half the Vexin. This last was often a disputed ground between Normandy and France. But the main feature of the country is its sea-coast and its great river. A glance at the map (Plate XIII., vol. ix.) will show that the coast of Normandy, long as it seems, is little more than the mouth of the Seine. To the west that mouth is guarded by the peninsula of Coutances, the Danish land which, it has been remarked, is the only peninsula in Europe, besides the older Danish land, which points to the north. To the west this peninsula presents a bold front to the Atlantic, forming with the Breton coast a bay in which lie the Norman islands, Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, and some smaller ones. Normandy, in fact, was the seaboard of France in the strict sense, the coast lying between Britanny on the one side and Flanders on the other. It is that part of the Continent which lies most directly opposite Britain. The Norman duchy, in short, as long as it had an independent being, was inter posed between England and France ; and in that position lies the key to its whole history. The chief city of the duchy was always the ecclesiastical metropolis of Rouen (Rothomagus), the great city of the lower Seine. It is to be noticed that Rouen, like the cities of southern Gaul, keeps its own local na*me and has not taken the name of a tribe. Evreux, Seez, Bayeux, Lisieux, Avranches, preserve tribe names. The name Constantia or Coutances belongs of course to the later Roman nomen clature of imperial times. Other towns which figure in Norman history, as Caen, Falaise, Alengon, are of later origin. Havre de Grace dates only from the 16th century, long after the loss of Norman independence. In the divisions of modern France, Normandy answers to the departments of Lower Seine (cap. Rouen), Eure (cap. Evreux), Orne (cap. Alenc,on), Calvados (cap. Caen), Manche (cap. St Lo), and to the modern dioceses of Rouen, Evreux, Seez, Bayeux, and Coutances. The boundaries of Rouen and Evreux have been changed ; Lisieux has been joined to Bayeux, and Avranches to Coutances. The archbishop of Rouen still keeps the title of primate of Normandy ; otherwise the name of the duchy has gone out of formal use. It must be remembered that the land to which the Northmen thus permanently gave their name was only one of several Scandinavian settlements in Gaul, though it was the greatest and the only lasting one. Nor was the whole of the land which became the Norman duchy occupied at once. The whole second half of the 9th century was largely taken up in both Gaul and Britain with Scandinavian inroads, which in both countries led to important Scandinavian settlements. Settlement in Britain came first, and the great settlement in Gaul seems to have been made after its model. By the peace of Wedmore, Alfred found his own West- Saxon kingdom untouched and indeed enlarged. But a large part of England, over which he claimed at most a vague external supremacy, was left to the Danish invaders. Their king embraced Christianity, and, like his English predecessors, accepted a formal West-Saxon supremacy. A variety of later causes made the history of the Scandinavian settle ment in England to differ widely from that of the Scandi navian settlement in Gaul ; but in their beginnings the two are exactly alike. The smaller Scandinavian settle ments, those of Hasting at Chartres, of Ragnald at the mouth of the Loire, had no historical importance. The settlement of Rolf at Rouen grew into the duchy of Normandy. The treaty of Clair-on-Epte followed the model of that of Wedmore. The Scandinavian invader embraced Christianity, and he became the man of the king of the Western kingdom. But he received no part of the king s immediate territory. His settlement was made wholly at the cost of the duke of the French. The only difference was that the duke of the French still went on reigning at Paris, though no longer at Rouen, while the English dynasties of Mercia, East Anglia, and Deira came alto gether to an end. But the two settlements are exactly alike in this, that the converted Northman becomes the man of the king, though the settlement is not made at the cost of the king s immediate dominions. In both cases the king is strengthened, though in different ways. The West-Saxon king received an actual increase of im mediate territory in the shape of that part of Mercia which formed the lordship of ^Ethelred and vEthelflsed. The Carolingian king received no increase of territory, but his position was distinctly bettered when the great and threatening duchy of France was split into the two rival duchies of France and Normandy. That Normandy was cut off from France in the strict sense, from the duchy of the house of Paris, is a point in its history which must always be remembered. It is the key to that abiding rivalry between France and Normandy which was inherent in the position and history of the two lands. No moment ary policy on the part of their rulers could ever get over it. It lived on in truth to become no unimportant element in the general history of Europe. The close connexion which arose between Normandy and England handed on to England the inheritance of rivalry which had first begun between France and Normandy, an inheritance which England kept in its fulness for ages after its separation from Normandy. It is likely enough con sidering the position of the two kingdoms, we may call it certain that, had a separate state of Normandy never existed, a rivalry between England and France would have arisen out of some other cause. As a matter of fact, it was out of the older rivalry between France and Normandy that it did arise. The settlement of Clair-on-Epte and the beginning of Settle- the Norman state are commonly placed in the year 912. ment There seems some reason to think that it may have hap-Si irc pened a few years later. There is no thoroughly trust worthy account. The writers in the Western kingdom plainly say as little as they can about the matter ; they disliked the very name of the "pirates," as the Normans are called by Richer of Rheims down to the end of the century and beyond it. The earliest writer on the Norman side is Dudo, dean of St Quentin, who wrote late in the century, a rhetorical writer of the courtly school. But there is no doubt that the chief of the Scandinavian set tlers was Rolf (in various spellings), known in Latin as Rolf. Rollo and in French as Rou, a viking leader to whom many earlier exploits, real or mythical, are attributed. He received, as a grant from Charles the Simple, king of Carolingia or the Western kingdom, a tract of land of which Rouen was the centre and head, a tract certainly stretching as far as the Epte to the east, most likely stretching as far as the Dive to the west. It is an im portant part of the case that, though the land was cut off from the duchy of France, yet the grant was a grant from the king and not from the duke of the French, and that the king and not the duke received Rolf s homage. The two princes were presently at war, Robert, duke of the French, having been elected as opposition -king in 922. Rolf seems to have stuck faithfully to his own lord, King Charles, alike against Robert and against Robert s son Hugh, called the Great, and the king, Rudolf of Burgundy, whom Hugh set up. The Normans were thus at war with France almost from the moment of their settlement,	WIKI
Swing-door operator A swing-door operator (or swing-door opener or automatic swing-door operator) is a device that operates a swing door for pedestrian use. It opens or helps open the door automatically, waits, then closes it. Types There are 3 basic types of swing door operators: * Full Energy – It opens and closes the door at full speed. * Low Energy – It opens and closes the door at reduced speed to limit the kinetic energy of the moving door to levels deemed safe for disabled users. * Power Assist – This is a version of the low-energy operator. It doesn't open the door; instead, it lets the user open the door manually at a reduced force, compared to opening against a standard door closer. It closes the door with the same speed limitations as a low-energy operator. Uses Full Energy operators are typically used on the outside doors of medium-sized retail business. (Larger retail businesses prefer sliding door operators.) Low Energy operators are typically used where a simple door closer is sufficient for able users, yet it is necessary to add access to disabled users: small businesses, apartments, bathrooms. Triggering A door operator may be triggered in various ways: A trigger from any of the above requests that the door be opened (or reopened if it was closing). The operator will heed hat requests only after it is able to do so safely for any other users in the area. * Approach sensor (such as a radar sensor in the form of a Gunn diode and Waveguide) – the door opens when a user approaches it. * Pushbutton – the door opens when a user presses a button. * Push-&-go – the door opens fully when the user begins opening it. * Access control – the door opens when an access control system determines the user is authorized to go through. Safety sensors A door operator may use sensors to prevent the door from coming into contact with a user. Full Energy operators require at least 3 sensors. Low-energy operators are not required to have safety sensors, as the door is allowed to come in contact with a user, given that the kinetic energy of the moving door is limited by the reduced moving speed. Historically, sensors have been simply floor mats that sense the weight of a user, one in the area immediately in front of the door (the approach side) and one in the area behind it (the swing side). The approach side mat is often used as a trigger sensor. The swing side mat prevents the door from starting to open as long as some other person is detected in the swing area; once the door starts opening, this mat is ignored, as it will sense the user going through. Today, infrared safety sensors or laser safety sensor are normally used. Four types are commonly used. * Header mounted presence sensor—mounted on the jamb above the door, on the approach side, it detects the presence of a person standing in front of the door. * Approach side, door mounted sensor—mounted on the approach side of the door itself, used as the door is closing to detect a user in the way of the closing door. Some safety sensor also safeguard the hinge area to protect hands and fingers during the closing process. In that case, the operator either stops the door or reopens it. * Swing side, door mounted sensor—mounted on the swing side of the door itself, used as the door is opening to detect a user in the way of the opening door. In that case, the operator stops the door. The sensitivity of infrared sensors must be reduced at the end of the opening angle, if it starts seeing a wall next to the door, so it may not confuse it with a user. Laser based sensors increase the safety by learning the surroundings of the door and dynamically adapt their detection fields to only ignore the wall next to the door. * Safety beam—this beam crosses the path of the user past the swing side. If interrupted, the operator assumes that a person has crossed into the swing area, and it is not safe to open the door at full speed. This sensor is ignored once the door has started to open, as then the operator assumes that it is the user having gone through the door that has interrupted the beam. Opening technologies The majority of the operators open the door directly or through an arm. * Overhead concealed mount—the operator is mounted above the door and rotates the door directly, through its pivot. * Surface mount, push (scissor arm)—the operator is mounted on the wall above the door, on the approach side and pushes the door with a linkage of 2 arms. * Surface mount, pull (track)—the operator is mounted on the wall above the door, on the swing side and pulls the door with an arm whose end slides in a track mounted on the door. * Underfloor concealed units—the operator is mounted within the floor and rotates the door directly, through its pivot. This can also be off-set to work in conjunction with door hinges via an off-set door strap. Variations on the above exist. There are also rare operators that use a mechanism that is disconnected from the door, and reaches out and pushes on the door itself when it needs to open it. Internal technologies Operators are powered by an electric motor. They differ in how they use the motor's energy to open the door. Operators use various internal technologies. Operators are often categorized by the means by which the motor's energy is applied. * Some are built on top of a standard door closer. To open the door, the operator forces the closer in the opening direction. Then, the closer closes the door. The user may open the door manually, using just the door closer. In case of power failure while the door is open, the closer itself closes the door. * Some are built without a door closer. The motor opens and closes the door through reducing gears. The operator may or may not include a return spring to close the door in case of power failure while the door is open. * Electromechanical—the motor uses purely mechanical means to open the door: gears, cams, levers and such. This is the preferred type in the US. * Electro-hydraulic—the motor drives a hydraulic pump, which pressurizes the oil in a door closer, which in turn turns the door closer and opens the door. This is the preferred type in Europe. (In the US it has a reputation of being prone to oil leaks.) * Electro-pneumatic—the motor drives an air compressor and may be located away from the door. The air pressure is used to drive the operator above the door. This type is not common, and noise can be a factor if compressor is located close to a door. Typically, the compressor can be located up to 200 feet away ensuring that noise is not a factor. A typical life expectancy of a pneaumtic system is 10–15 years except the compressor. Best application of a pneumatic system is in a residential environment where usage is limited to 30–40 times a day. Of the electromechanical types, two approaches are used: Electro-hydraulic types are inherently quiet and smooth during manual opening, as the motor and pump are off. * Disengaging—the motor driven mechanism (the opener portion) is not joined to the closer, but only engages the closer when it is needed to open the door. When opening the door manually, the opener portion is still, so the opening is smooth and quiet. * Permanently engaged—the motor driven mechanism (the opener portion) is always joined to the closer (if present) and to the door. When opening the door manually, the user is also driving the opener portion, so the opening is rough and noisy.	WIKI
The Black Riders & Other Lines/God lay dead in heaven God lay dead in heaven; Angels sang the hymn of the end; Purple winds went moaning, Their wings drip-dripping With blood That fell upon the earth. It, groaning thing, Turned black and sank. Then from the far caverns Of dead sins Came monsters, livid with desire. They fought, Wrangled over the world, A morsel. But of all sadness this was sad -- A woman's arms tried to shield The head of a sleeping man From the jaws of the final beast.	WIKI
Page:Architectural Review and American Builders' Journal, Volume 1, 1869.djvu/491 1868.] 'Water, 397 WATEK. THIS fluid is one of the few positive necessities of man ; and without it the wretchedness of his condition would be quite as great as in the absence of air or heat. In cases of shipwreck, the want of water is the most fearful of all the torments which suffering man has to bear. Such is the imperative demand of ' thirst, that, in the absence of fresh water, the unfortunate is driven to the drinking of salt water, and this, producing frenzy, terminates his existence in horrible spasms. On the parched, sandy desert, when the supply of water has given out, how the traveller yearns for that oasis, in the midst of which he will find the cooling spring to quench his burning thirst. What greater horror awaits the damned than the want of even one single drop of that element upon which man, in the midst of his abundance here, so seldom spares a thought ! The luxury of pure drinking-water is one that he alone can realize who has been compelled to use the turbid water of the Missouri, the Ohio, or the Missis- sippi. Those who have lived in St. Louis can thoroughly relish the clear and lim- pid beverage of the more favored locali- ties, and bear testimony to the merits of the heaven-born draught, in its purity. It would be only reasonable to expect that, in our day of scientific advance- ment, the subject of pure drinking-water would be one to draw forth all the at- tainable advantages, which a thorough knowledge of the subject gives. But such is not the case. The fact is, the ancients were far in advance of us, if not in the knowledge of theoretic philoso- phy, certainly in the practical processes proving its truth. They knew that purity is the natural state of water, and that every thing, which tends to turn it from its primitive condition, is unnatu- ral or foreign to it. Turbid rivers are so, because of the extraneous matter they have acquired, and hold in solution, whether mineral, or vegetable. The presence of mineral matter ren- ders the water hard, and unfit for cook- ing, or washing. And the presence of too much organic matter renders the water utterby useless for drinking pur- poses, and very unwholesome, even for cooking with. It is said, that marsh-water itself may be made drinkable, by steeping in it certain herbs, or, by rubbing the kettles, it is boiled in, with bitter seeds, or herbs. In China and Japan they use, for this purpose, the tea plant ; in India the strychnos potatorum; and the bitter almond on the banks of the Nile. There are other difficulties, which the best of water is liable to ; and those arise, sometimes unaccountably, under apparently, the most stringent system of precaution. Some years since, the citizens of Bos- ton were suddenly disgusted with their favorite Cochituate water on account of the villanously fishy taste and smell acquired by the decomposition of vast numbers of animalcule, setting free an oil, which imparted the unpleasant quali- ties. The city of Amsterdam was in 185G subjected to the same annoyance with the addition of a reddish deposit. A commission of scientific men, apjjointed to examine into the matter, discovered, that it arose from the decomposition of masses of Algse-conferras, and other water plants. It is ascertained, that letting such water remain, for some hours, in con- tact with large surfaces of iron, renders such, and other, impurities insoluble, or it will altogether destroy them. But perfect filtration must be resorted to, afterwards, before such water is fit for use. Now, this brings us to the considera-	WIKI
Page:Calculus Made Easy.pdf/155 stocking, or locking it up in his safe. Then, if he goes on for $$10$$ years, by the end of that time he will have received $$10$$ increments of £$$10$$ each, or £$$100$$, making, with the original £$$100$$, a total of £$$200$$ in all. His property will have doubled itself in $$10$$ years. If the rate of interest had been $$5$$ per cent., he would have had to hoard for $$20$$ years to double his property. If it had been only $$2$$ per cent., he would have had to hoard for $$50$$ years. It is easy to see that if the value of the yearly interest is $$\frac{1}{n}$$ of the capital, he must go on hoarding for $$n$$ years in order to double his property. Or, if $$y$$ be the original capital, and the yearly interest is $$\frac{y}{n}$$, then, at the end of n years, his property will be (2) At compound interest. As before, let the owner begin with a capital of £$$100$$, earning interest at the rate of $$10$$ per cent. per annum; but, instead of hoarding the interest, let it be added to the capital each year, so that the capital grows year by year. Then, at the end of one year, the capital will have grown to £$$110$$; and in the second year (still at 10%) this will earn £$$11$$ interest. He will start the third year with £$$121$$, and the interest on that will be £$$12$$. $$2$$s.; so that he starts the fourth year with £$$133$$. $$2$$s., and so on. It is easy to work it out, and find that at the end of the ten years the total capital	WIKI
Template talk:Glottolog Version 4.3 Glottolog is now at version 4.3, but the template still says 3.0. — justin(r)leung { (t...) 07:56, 24 October 2020 (UTC) * We'd probably need to add support for allowing the template to be specified for the exact version used, and we'd probably also need to stop the infobox from automatically displaying this template after a Glottocode. – Uanfala (talk) 17:01, 24 October 2020 (UTC) * Glottolog is now at version 4.6 and the template still says 3.0. ~Red of Arctic Circle System (talk) 08:53, 19 June 2022 (UTC) * As of yesterday, we're at 5.0. This really needs to be updated. Straughn (talk) 13:48, 14 March 2024 (UTC) Need to update chapterurl to chapter-url in book template. AManWithNoPlan (talk) 20:03, 3 February 2021 (UTC) Template-protected edit request on 15 July 2022 * Change "Glottolog 3.0" to "Glottolog 4.6" * Change "2017" to "2022" * Add Sebastian Bank as an editor * Change Jena, Germany to Leipzig, Germany * See Template:Glottolog/sandbox for how this should look Arctic Circle System (talk) 08:35, 15 July 2022 (UTC) * Ping to who may be more familiar with this. Wouldn't this need a parameter if this is used in refs though? People that referenced v3 shouldn't have their references changed, should they? — xaosflux Talk 12:46, 15 July 2022 (UTC) * I don't know that we've done a very good job with the various editions. The current use of the template is probably not all for ed. 3 as it is. So yes, I think an 'edition' param would probably be needed, but I think it's something that should probably be brought up at Wikiproject Languages. — kwami (talk) 11:41, 16 July 2022 (UTC) * Per kwami, this does not appear to be ready to go live as is. * Pppery * it has begun... 16:51, 18 July 2022 (UTC)	WIKI
Sabah Chinese Association The Sabah Chinese Association (Persatuan Cina Sabah, SCA) was a Chinese political party in the North Borneo and the Sabah state of Malaysia. History The party was established in October 1962 as Borneo Utara National Party, a merger of the United Party and the Democratic Party after encouragement from the Malayan Chinese Association. Both parties had been founded earlier in the year; the United Party by Khoo Siak Chew in Sandakan and the Democratic Party by Peter Chin in Jesselton. It was later renamed the Sabah National Party, before becoming the Sabah Chinese Association in 1965 when it merged with a non-political organisation by the same name. SCA's Peter Lo Sui Yin was the second Chief Minister of Sabah from 1965 to 1967. Following the merger, the new party contested the local elections in an alliance with the United Sabah National Organisation and the United Pasokmomogun Kadazan Organisation. It won five seats in the 1967 Sabah state election, and three seats in the 1969 Malaysian general election, and retained all three in the 1974 Malaysian general election, in which it was part of the Barisan Nasional. However, it failed to win a seat in the 1976 Sabah state election, defeated by the Sabah People's United Front in every seat it contested; following the defeat, it was later dissolved.	WIKI
English How To: Center text around a user-defined point Summary The following script provides one way to center text around a user-defined point. Procedure This script uses a hard-coded text string. You need to modify this string to suit your needs. 1. Open a new script window. 1. Activate the Project window. 2. Click the Scripts icon. 3. Click New. 2. Copy the following code into the new window: Code: '-- Headline: Centers GraphicText around a point '-- Description: The script will center a GraphicText object '-- over a user specified point. Attach this script to the '-- apply event of a Tool Button. '-- If the view you are working in is not named View1, '-- you will have to edit the script to use the correct name. aView=av.Getproject.Finddoc("View1") aDisp=aView.GetDisplay aGlist=aView.GetGraphics '-- The point is returned when the user clicks the view aPnt=aDisp.ReturnUserPoint '-- Change "Sample Test String" in the next line to what '-- you would like to use. aGtext=GraphicText.Make("Sample Test String", 0@0) '-- Create the TextPositioner Object and set the origin '-- of the GraphicText to it. tp=PointTextPositioner.Make tp.SetHAlign(#TEXTPOSITIONER_HALIGN_CENTER) tp.SetVAlign(#TEXTPOSITIONER_VALIGN_ON) aGlist.Add(aGtext) tp.Calculate(aPnt, aGtext.GetExtent, 8, nil) aGtext.SetOrigin(tp.GetOrigin) '-- Add the user defined point as a GraphicShape aGs=GraphicShape.Make(aPnt) aGlist.Add(aGs) aView.Invalidate 3. Attach the script to the Apply event of a new tool. 1. Compile the script. 2. Make the Project window active. 3. Select Customize from the Project menu. 4. Set the Type dropdown to View on the Customize dialog box. 5. Set the Category dropdown to Tools. 6. Click Tool. 7. Double-click the Apply property at the bottom of the Customize dialog box. 8. Type the name of the script in the Script Manager and click Select. 9. Close the Customize dialog box. Note: For more information, refer to the ArcView Help topic "Customize (dialog box)." 4. Use the tool to add the point and text graphics to the active view. Last Published: 8/23/2016 Article ID: 000003716 Software: Legacy Products	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
User:Nugget n01 Hello all! I am a current undergrad at Cornell University, looking forward to contributing here.	WIKI
CNN Hires David Gregory as Political Analyst as 2016 Campaign Heats Up David Gregory, who endured a long and difficult exit from his perch as the host of NBC’s “Meet the Press,” is returning to a regular role on television as a political analyst on CNN, the network announced on Monday. The move brings a familiar face back to the television news landscape during one of the most contentious presidential campaigns in memory, and one for which CNN has aggressively devoted resources to covering. Since leaving “Meet the Press” in 2014 facing declining ratings and criticism of his style and performance, Mr. Gregory has been a scarce presence on TV news programs, appearing occasionally on cable news. He published a book, “How’s Your Faith,” that focuses on his religious interests. A correspondent and anchor for 20 years for NBC News, Mr. Gregory will now appear primarily on CNN’s morning program, “New Day.” On Monday, he joined the show’s regular hosts to dissect Donald J. Trump’s candidacy and the state of the race. The president of CNN, Jeff Zucker, who has made political coverage a priority for the network, is a longtime colleague of Mr. Gregory’s from their days at NBC. CNN also said on Monday that it had hired Angela Rye, a former executive director of the Congressional Black Caucus, as a political commentator.	NEWS-MULTISOURCE
Summer sun – Friend or foe? For most of us, this is the time of year we get the most exposure to sunlight, which comes with pros and cons. As with all things healthy living, getting a healthy sun intake is just a balancing act between preventing overexposure to harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays, which increase the risk of sunburn, premature ageing, and skin cancer while, at the same time, maximising the beneficial aspects of sunlight that influence levels of vitamin D and enhance mood, energy, and sleep. Your body makes Vitamin D when your skin is exposed to UVB rays. Around one fifth of UK adults may be deficient in the ‘sunshine’ vitamin. A lack of vitamin D is associated with depression, bone fractures, hypertension, autoimmune diseases and cancer – and too little sun exposure is the biggest reason why levels are low. We can also get serotonin from the sun, which is believed to help regulate mood and social behaviour, appetite and digestion as well as sleep and memory, but that’s not the only role the sun plays in our health. Recent research from Edinburgh University reports that the skin contains large amounts of nitric oxide, a compound that dilates blood vessels to reduce blood pressure and lower the risk of heart attack and stroke. Brief, repeated exposures to sunlight is ideal to get the benefits without the damaging effects. Those spending more time outdoors should take precautions by wearing a high sun protection factor SPF cream. How to safely enjoy summer sunlight • Use a mineral-based sunscreen and/or UPF-rated clothing to protect yourself at all times • Use UV-blocking sunglasses to protect your eyes from brief unprotected eye exposures • Consume antioxidant-rich foods such as turmeric, artichoke, deeply pigmented fruits (such as purple or red grapes, blueberries), celery, parsley, and dark chocolate to help protect against skin cancer. What a great excuse to eat chocolate! • No matter how careful you are, check your body for new or changing moles every month, and visit a dermatologist once a year or more (depending on your personal risk level) for a skin-cancer screening • If you are concerned ask your doctor to check your level of vitamin D. If you are deficient, take a supplement of vitamin D3 0 comments	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
Sensors based on recycled optical fibers destroyed by the catastrophic fuse effect resumo In the last decades the fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) and Fabry-Perot Interferometer (FPI) micro cavities based sensors have become one of the most attractive optical fiber sensing technologies. However, its production requires a significant economical investment. We propose a cost effective solution based on micro cavity generated by the recycling of optical fibers destroyed through the catastrophic fuse effect. This technique considerably reduces the experimental complexity and the production costs. In this paper, the application of these sensors in the monitoring of several parameters, such as refractive index, pressure, strain and temperature is presented. palavras-chave FEMTOSECOND LASER; SENSITIVITY categoria Engineering; Optics; Physics autores Andre, PS; Domingues, MF; Antunes, P; Alberto, N; Frias, AR; Ferreira, RAS nossos autores agradecimentos This work was supported in part by Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT) through the Ph. D. fellowship SFRH/BD/69097/2010 and the Post-doctoral fellowships SFRH/BPD/7814/2011 and SFRH/BPD/ 76735/2011. FEDER, COMPETE are also acknowledged (LA0011/2013/CICECO-FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-037271 and PEstOE/EEI/LA0008/2013). Partilhe este projeto Publicações similares Usamos cookies para atividades de marketing e para lhe oferecer uma melhor experiência de navegação. Ao clicar em “Aceitar Cookies” você concorda com nossa política de cookies. Leia sobre como usamos cookies clicando em "Política de Privacidade e Cookies".	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
7 Best Stocks to Buy if You Don’t Like to Take Chances InvestorPlace - Stock Market News, Stock Advice & Trading Tips Over the past month, we’ve seen total chaos break out in Chinese stocks. The benchmark KraneShares CSI China Internet ETF (NYSEARCA:KWEB) has fallen as much as 50% from its recent highs. So far, at least, the selling hasn’t spread too badly into American stocks. However it’s a sharp reminder that corrections can happen quickly in the stock market. That may lead investors to wonder what are the best safe stocks to buy today. 7 Coronavirus Stocks to Buy as the Delta Variant Rises After all, while it may be Chinese internet and education stocks getting hit right now, more risky U.S. stocks could follow suit at any time. The market has been extremely strong since last summer, and seems overdue for a correction. As such, this is a great time to be looking at defensive stocks. Here are seven safe best stocks to buy going forward: Hormel Foods (NYSE:HRL) McCormick & Company (NYSE:MKC) Verizon (NYSE:VZ) Kimberly-Clark (NYSE:KMB) Thermo Fisher Scientific (NYSE:TMO) Consolidated Edison (NYSE:ED) Facebook (NASDAQ:FB) Defensive Stocks to Buy: Hormel Foods (HRL) HRL)" width="300" height="169"> Source: calimedia / Shutterstock.com Investors may think of SPAM canned meat when they think of Hormel. That’s understandable. It’s a controversial legacy brand that has had surprising longevity in this new century. Sales continue to set new record highs each and every year. However, SPAM only accounts for a couple percent of Hormel’s overall revenues. Rather, beneath the surface, Hormel has quietly evolved into the most progressive and millennial-friendly packaged food company out there. It has developed or acquired a whole host of brands that appeal to younger consumers. Hormel produces authentic Mexican salsas, ready-to-eat guacamole, nut butters, organic meats, plant-based meat products and now Planter’s nuts among the company’s array of offerings. Hormel aims to be the protein company, and is riding a huge wave as many consumers shift from carb-heavy diets to more protein-forward meal plans. Hormel’s earnings growth has been a little soft in recent years. However, that’s because the company was divesting underperforming brands such as Muscle Milk. It’s now gone on the offensive, putting that cash into new acquisitions such as Planter’s, which it just bought from KraftHeinz (NASDAQ:KHC). With that move, Hormel is set to jump to record levels of revenues and earnings next year. That, in turn, will fuel more dividend growth. As it stands now, Hormel has increased its dividend annually every year since 1965. The company also has a fortress balance sheet, making this a perfect safe defensive holding for investors. McCormick & Company (MKC) MKC) spices lined up on a grocery store shelf." width="300" height="169"> Source: Arne Beruldsen / Shutterstock.com Like Hormel, McCormick has built its reputation on tried and true pantry staples. McCormick dominates the spices aisle; if you need black pepper, oregano, basil or other such seasonings, you’ll likely buy them from McCormick. The company even has a large private label business, so if you buy the cheaper grocery store brand, there’s a good chance it’s still coming from McCormick. While spices may be a staid business, McCormick has plenty of other flavors in the mix. For one thing, McCormick has bet big on salsas and hot sauces. Its recent acquisition of the Frank’s Red Hot brand has performed much better than analysts had expected, leading to a sharp rally in MKC stock in recent years. McCormick also has an enormous operation selling sauces, seasonings, and flavor mixes to restaurants. When a chain restaurant rolls out some new entrée like, say, a Southwestern Chipotle Aioli Burger, it gets McCormick to design and produce the flavor profile for that menu item. McCormick spends tens of millions of dollars a year on research and development and leads the industry with initiatives such as its annual flavor forecast. 7 of the Best Restaurant Stocks to Buy Now as They Begin to Recover MKC stock has pulled back a bit lately, as the cooking-at-home boom starts to fade. But with restaurants rapidly getting back to business, McCormick’s food service revenues should pull up the slack. From a longer-term perspective, MKC stock has increased its dividend 35 years in a row, offering steady income growth in addition to its delectable share price appreciation. Defensive Stocks to Buy: Verizon (VZ) Source: Ken Wolter / Shutterstock.com Verizon may not be glamorous, but for investors seeking safe dividend income, VZ stock fits the bill. That’s a marked contrast to AT&T (NYSE:T) which just shocked its loyal holders with a massive dividend cut. Verizon is an island of stability in the telecom space because it has had a more focused approach. Unlike AT&T, Verizon didn’t get caught up in a challenging effort to build a streaming TV empire. With a cleaner balance sheet, Verizon has been able to keep profits and its dividend steady. Analysts see Verizon’s earnings merely being flat or so over the next couple of years. Even 5G rollout is unlikely to really move the needle here. But at just 10.5 times earnings and with a 4.5% dividend yield, Verizon is a fine safe holding for conservative investors. Kimberly Clark (KMB) KMB) sign, positioned outside the world headquarters’ main entrance." width="300" height="169"> Source: Trong Nguyen / Shutterstock.com Kimberly Clark was a standout performer for much of 2020 as people raced to stock up on toilet paper and other essential goods. Fortunately, this panic buying has ended. With it, however, KMB stock has come back to earth. Indeed, shares are actually down since the pandemic began. With this big sell-off comes opportunity. KMB stock is going for just an estimated 20 times this year’s earnings, and 17 times next year’s earnings. Investors are warry of input cost increases. With the spike in commodities, it is lowering profit margins. We just saw this in a big way at Clorox (NYSE:CLX), whose shares tumbled after a bad earnings report. 7 Cheap Value Stocks To Buy For August 2021 Kimberly-Clark is also facing some headwinds from things such as higher lumber prices. However, the current headwinds create a longer-term buying opportunity. Defensive Stocks to Buy: Thermo Fisher Scientific (TMO) TMO) sign out front of an office in Silicon Valley, California." width="300" height="169"> Source: Michael Vi / Shutterstock.com Thermo Fisher may not be a household name. But it’s quietly become a powerful force in the life sciences space. The company’s market capitalization recently topped $200 billion. That’s because Thermo Fisher just had a huge year supplying equipment to meet the need for Covid-19 testing. It’d be a mistake to think Thermo Fisher is just enjoying a one-time bump from the pandemic, however. Over the past ten years, Thermo Fisher has grown revenues at a compounded 12% per year. Thanks to rising profit margins, it has managed 18% annual free cash flow growth annually, and more than 20% annualized earnings growth. These are simply incredible numbers for a company that is already as large as Thermo Fisher. And despite the company’s tremendous performance, it trades at an approachable valuation. Shares are at just 25x forward earnings, which is hardly outrageous for a company with such consistent historical growth rates. Consolidated Edison (ED) Source: Dorothy Chiron / Shutterstock.com The world economy seems more uncertain than ever. We don’t have much of any economic precedent for a shock like the Covid-19 pandemic. Unlike an economic depression, the downturn, although severe, was short and thus the economy could overheat as things recover. This adds a new level of complexity to the future outlook. One thing that remains a safe bet, however, is that electricity demand will remain stable. Regardless of how work-from-home and other societal trends affect our investments, power demand should be high. And, indeed, the rise of electric vehicles (EVs) could offer a large growth opportunity for the power utility sector. This brings us to Consolidated Edison. The utility company powers New York City and much of the surrounding area. It’s a staple of income investors’ portfolios, as it is a Dividend Aristocrat that has increased its annual dividend for decades in a row. Shares have come down significantly in recent months, creating a decent buy-the-dip opportunity while locking in a greater than 4% dividend yield. 7 F-Rated Stocks to Avoid for the Rest of 2021 Consolidated Edison is appealing as a safe stock to buy for its defensive nature and strong income. However, there’s a unique angle that gives it capital appreciation potential as well. That’s because Consolidated Edison is the #2 player in utility-scale photovoltaic solar deployments in the U.S., only trailing NextEra Energy (NYSE:NEE). NEE stock has become an environmental, social, and governance (ESG) darling and seen its stock blast off thanks to green energy investors. ED stock could enjoy a similar rerating in coming months and years. Defensive Stocks to Buy: Facebook (FB) Source: Ink Drop / Shutterstock.com Facebook’s recent momentum has slowed down a bit. Shares had hit new all-time highs in July, but fell recently following a mixed earnings report. In particular, Mark Zuckerburg spent much of theearnings calldiscussing Facebook’s intentions to create a “metaverse,” going so far as to say Facebook is a metaverse company. This appeared to concern some people. The metaverse is not a widely understood concept, and critics were quick to label it as little more than a rebranding of augmented reality. I disagree with that take, but regardless, it caused some concern around FB stock. In any case, the worries about the metaverse are misguided. Mark Zuckerberg has proven himself to be a masterful capital allocator. The Instagram acquisition has had one of the highest returns on investment of any major technology deal this century. WhatsApp will become a giant if and when Facebook gets around to monetizing it in earnest. And the list goes on. So sure, Facebook may sink billions of dollars into the metaverse project without an immediate payoff. But given Zuckerberg’s tremendous success and great instincts, it’s worth giving him a chance here. As it stands now, Facebook is one of the two dominant online advertising companies. It’s still growing quickly. Additionally, at just 23x next year’s earnings, shares offer value in a frothy market. On the date of publication, Ian Bezek held a long position in HRL, MKC, FB, and ED stock. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the writer, subject to the InvestorPlace.com Publishing Guidelines. Ian Bezek has written more than 1,000 articles for InvestorPlace.com and Seeking Alpha. He also worked as a Junior Analyst for Kerrisdale Capital, a $300 million New York City-based hedge fund. You can reach him on Twitter at @irbezek.  The post 7 Best Stocks to Buy if You Don’t Like to Take Chances appeared first on InvestorPlace. The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.	NEWS-MULTISOURCE
What is Osteoporosis? Osteoporosis, or thinning bones, can result in painful fractures. Risk factors for osteoporosis include aging, being female, low body weight, low sex hormones or menopause, smoking, and some medications. Prevention and treatment include calcium and vitamin D, exercise, and osteoporosis medications. Miracles Mediclinic offers best cost Osteoporosis Test. Causes of Osteoporosis • Diabetes Mellitus and Osteoporosis • Lupus and Rheumatoid Arthritis • Hyperthyroidism • Celiac Disease • Asthma • Multiple Sclerosis What is Bone Mineral Density Test? A bone mineral density test, sometimes just called a bone density test, detects whether you have osteoporosis, a word that comes from Greek and literally means “porous bone.” When you have this condition, your bones get weak and thin. They become more likely to break. It’s a silent condition, which means you don’t feel any symptoms. Without a bone density test, you may not realize you have osteoporosis until you break a bone. Miracles Mediclinic offers best cost BMD test. How Is It Done? Unlike a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan or a computerised tomography (CT) scan, a DEXA scan doesn’t involve being enclosed inside a tunnel or a ring, so you won’t feel claustrophobic. Instead, you lie on your back on a flat, open X-ray table. You’ll need to keep very still during the scan so the images aren’t blurred. The scan will usually be carried out by a radiographer (a specialist in taking X-ray images). During the scan, a large scanning arm will be passed over your body to measure bone density in the centre of the skeleton. As the scanning arm is moved slowly over your body, a narrow beam of low-dose X-rays will be passed through the part of your body being examined. This will usually be your hip and lower spine – to check for osteoporosis (weak and brittle bones). However, as bone density varies in different parts of the skeleton, more than one part of your body may be scanned. The forearm may be scanned for certain conditions, such as hyperparathyroidism, or if scans aren’t possible in the hip or spine. Some of the X-rays that are passed through your body will be absorbed by tissue, such as fat and bone. An X-ray detector inside the scanning arm measures the amount of X-rays that have passed through your body. This information will be used to produce an image of the scanned area. A DEXA scan usually takes around five minutes, although it depends what part of the body is being scanned. You’ll be able to go home after you’ve had it done. Who Should Go For a BMD Test? • You’re a woman 65 or older • You’re a postmenopausal woman 50 or older • You’re a woman at the age of menopause and have a high chance for breaking bones • You’re a woman who has already been through menopause, younger than 65, and have other things that give you a higher chance of osteoporosis • You’re a man 50 or older with other risk factors • You break a bone after 50 • You’ve lost more than 1.5 inches of your adult height • Your posture has gotten more hunched • You’re having back pain without any cause • Your periods have stopped or are irregular although you’re neither pregnant nor menopausal • You’ve gotten an organ transplant • You’ve had a drop in hormone levels Sec-14: 0124-4797600Sec-56: 906-906-8800	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
Dutch state must repatriate children of Islamic State mothers, court rules THE HAGUE (Reuters) - The Netherlands must actively help repatriate the young children of women who joined Islamic State in Syria, a court in The Hague ruled on Monday. The mothers themselves do not need to be accepted back in the Netherlands, the court said. Lawyers for 23 women who joined Islamic State from the Netherlands had asked a judge on Friday to order the state to repatriate them and their 56 children from camps in Syria. The women and children were living in “deplorable conditions” in the Al-Hol camp in Northern Syria, their lawyer had argued. Judge Hans Vetter said that while the women did not need to be repatriated the state must make “all possible efforts” to return the children, who have Dutch nationality and are under 12 years old. Most are younger than six. “The children cannot be held responsible for the actions of their parents, however serious these may be,” the court said in a statement. “The children are victims of the actions of their parents.” The women, however, “were aware of the crimes being committed by IS and must be tried”, it said. The Dutch government has always insisted it was too dangerous for Dutch officials to go into the camps and find the women and children to return them to the Netherlands. Around 68,000 defeated fighters of Islamic State and their families are being held in the camp, according to the Red Cross. They are under the custody of Syrian Kurdish forces after they took the jihadist group’s last enclave. According to figures from the Dutch intelligence Agency, as of Oct. 1 there were 55 Islamic State militants who travelled from the Netherlands and at least 90 children with Dutch parents, or parents who had lived for a considerable time in the Netherlands, in Northern Syria. Turkey announced last week it would start to repatriate captured Islamic State fighters to their countries of origin even if their citizenship had been revoked. The Netherlands enacted a law in 2017 that allowed the state to revoke Dutch citizenship for people who joined IS. Dutch media reported that the state has revoked the Dutch nationality of 11 jihadist fighters and is considering the same for 100 others. Reporting by Anthony Deutsch and Toby Sterling in Amsterdam, Stephanie van den Berg in The Hague; Editing by Alex Richardson and Ed Osmond	NEWS-MULTISOURCE
Week 13 FCS Top 25 Roundup \| Fox News Bethlehem, PA (SportsNetwork.com) - In the winner-take-all, 149th meeting of college football's most-played rivalry, Lafayette beat No. 17 Lehigh, 50-28, on Saturday to claim the Patriot League championship. The victory also gave Lafayette (5-6, 4-1) the league's automatic bid to the FCS playoffs as the first-ever sub-.500 qualifier. The playoffs began in 1978. Freshman quarterback Drew Reed completed 20-of-27 passes for 378 yards and three touchdowns, and junior running back Ross Scheuerman rushed for 106 yards and two touchdowns for coach Frank Tavani's Leopards. Lehigh (8-3, 3-2) turned the ball over three times. Tyler Coyle caught one touchdown each from Mountain Hawks quarterbacks Matt McHale and Nick Shafnisky. Lafayette, which opened the season by losing five of its first six games but has since won four of its last five, captured its first Patriot League title since 2006 and seventh overall. Lafayette has a 77-67-5 series lead. The Leopards ended Lehigh's five-game winning streak in the series with the most points scored by either school since Lafayette won 54-20 in 1994. Next year's 150th Lafayette-Lehigh game will be played at Yankee Stadium on Nov. 22, 2014. Thursday, Nov. 21 No. 8 Southeastern Louisiana (10-2, 7-0 Southland) 52, Nicholls (4-8, 1-6) 27 After trailing 14-13 at halftime, Southeastern Louisiana scored 32 points in the third quarter and finished with a school-record 702 total yards in the River Bell Classic. Quarterback Bryan Bennett threw for 273 yards and two touchdowns, and rushed for 120 yards and his 14th rushing touchdown of the season, which tied the school's single-season record held by Horace Belto. The Lions set the school record for victories in a season. Saturday, Nov. 23 No. 1 North Dakota State (11-0, 8-0 Missouri Valley) 42, South Dakota (4-8, 3-5) 0 Likely No. 1 overall playoff seed North Dakota State made it 20 straight wins dating to last season and completed its first perfect regular season since 1990. Sam Ojuri (118 yards, two touchdowns) and John Crockett (116 yards, two touchdowns) paced the ground game, while junior linebacker Carlton Littlejohn led the defense with 10 tackles and an interception. Bison quarterback Brock Jensen earned his 44th career win, an FCS record. Playoff pairings will be announced on Sunday (11:30 a.m., ESPNU). No. 2 Eastern Illinois (11-1, 8-0 Ohio Valley) 70, UT Martin (7-5, 5-3) 22 The scoring began early and didn't let up for Eastern Illinois as the Panthers cruised to victory behind Jimmy Garoppolo's 477 passing yards and six touchdowns. The Panthers finished the regular season with only a loss to FBS Northern Illinois. Running back Shepard Little accounted for 123 yards and two touchdowns on the ground, while receivers Adam Drake and Jeff LePak each brought in three touchdown receptions. In all, Eastern Illinois racked up 704 total yards of offense against the Skyhawks. No. 3 Eastern Washington (10-2, 8-0 Big Sky) 42, Portland State (6-6, 3-5) 41 Eastern Washington completed a perfect season in the Big Sky Conference when Vernon Adams connected with Cooper Kupp on a 15-yard touchdown pass with 31 seconds left and Kevin Miller kicked the extra point. Adams was 34-for-56 for 457 yards and five touchdowns with two interceptions. Kupp had nine receptions for 147 yards and two touchdowns, setting an FCS record with a TD reception in a 12th game this season. Portland State's Kasey Closs caught 10 passes for 155 yards and three touchdowns. No. 21 New Hampshire (7-4, 6-2 CAA) 24, No. 4 Maine (10-2, 7-1) 3 New Hampshire logged its most important win of the season, retaining the Brice- Cowell Musket for another year and keeping hopes alive of extending the longest active run of playoff appearances to 10. UNH junior running back Nico Steriti rushed 18 times for 139 yards and a touchdown - a 68-yard dash that iced the win in the fourth quarter. Quarterback Andy Vailas exited the game with a leg injury, but Sean Goldrich took over and completed 5-of-8 passing for 38 yards and a touchdown. Maine quarterback Marcus Wasilewski was 27-for-43 with 220 yards. The Black Bears had already locked up CAA Football's automatic bid to the postseason. No. 5 Montana (10-2, 6-2 Big Sky) 28, No. 13 Montana State (7-5, 5-3) 14 The illustrious career of Montana State quarterback DeNarius McGhee is likely over, as the four-year starter couldn't spark his team to victory against intrastate rival Montana. At 7-5, the Bobcats appear on the outside looking in when it comes to an at-large playoff bid. Montana running back Jordan Canada carried the ball 19 times for a team-high 71 yards with two touchdowns, while backfield mate Travon Van rushed 13 times for 23 yards and a score. Canada scored a Montana touchdown with just over a minute remaining to put the Grizzlies up multiple scores. McGhee ended his day and in all likelihood his collegiate career with 160 yards on 17-of-33 passing. Senior Bobcats back Cody Kirk was ineffective for a second straight week, gaining 49 yards on 11 carries. Junior Shawn Johnson scored on a 1-yard carry in the fourth quarter and on a 55-yard punt return in the first. No. 6 McNeese State (10-2, 6-1 Southland) 42, Lamar (5-7, 2-5) 38 McNeese State triumphed on Diontae Spencer's 16-yard touchdown run with 58 seconds left to play. Spencer also caught a touchdown pass. Kelvin Bennett rushed for 162 yards and a touchdown on 22 carries, while Marcus Wiltz had 89 yards and a touchdown on 21 carries. No. 7 Towson (10-2, 6-2 CAA) 28, James Madison (6-6, 3-5) 17 Running back and Walter Payton Award nominee Terrance West scored three touchdowns on 100 rushing yards to lead Towson, which likely clinched a seed for the playoffs. James Madison quarterback Michael Birdsong threw for 170 yards and a touchdown and added 136 rushing yards in the loss. Central Arkansas (7-5, 4-3 Southland) 49, No. 9 Sam Houston State (8-4, 4-3) 31 After two consecutive national finals appearances, Sam Houston State may have to return to the playoffs through the backdoor, having lost two straight games to end the regular season. Central Arkansas quarterback Ryan Howard completed 24-of-36 pass attempts for 349 yards and four touchdowns in the win. Dezmin Lewis caught two of Howard's four scoring passes. Brain Bell led Sam Houston State, passing for 336 yards and four touchdowns, while senior running back Tim Flanders carried the ball 21 times for 77 yards. The Bearkats finished behind Southeastern Louisiana and McNeese State in the Southland standings, and in a tie for third with Central Arkansas. No. 10 Northern Arizona (9-2, 7-1 Big Sky) 20, No. 20 Southern Utah (8-4, 5-3) 10 With 10 seconds remaining and Northern Arizona holding a slim three-point lead, Southern Utah quarterback Aaron Cantu was intercepted by Blair Wishom, who returned the ball 52 yards for a game-sealing touchdown which propelled Northern Arizona into solid postseason contention. The loss drops Southern Utah to 8-4 and in danger of missing the playoff after a surprisingly successful Big Sky season. Quarterback Kyren Poe led the Lumberjacks with 99 passing yards and a touchdown. Senior running back Zach Bauman carried the ball 35 times for 93 yards. Andy Wilder's 20-yard field goal with 5:43 left to play in the game broke a 10-10 tie and served as the game-winning score. South Carolina (9-2) 70, No. 11 Coastal Carolina (10-2) 10 Despite the loss to FBS South Carolina, Coastal Carolina clinched the Big South Conference's automatic playoff bid because of Charleston Southern's loss to Liberty earlier in the day. Coastal Carolina and Liberty shared the Big South title this season. Quarterback Alex Ross completed 15 passes against the Gamecocks for 168 yards and a touchdown to senior running back Lorenzo Taliaferro. The Walter Payton Award candidate Taliaferro was slowed by South Carolina's defense and held to 21 yards on 10 carries. No. 12 Fordham (11-1) 56, Colgate (4-8) 19 Fordham starting quarterback Michael Nebrich returned from a knee injury in the team's regular season finale to complete 29-of-38 pass attempts for 395 yards and five touchdowns - three of which went to receiver Brian Wetzel. Senior running back Carlton Koonce added 148 yards and two touchdowns on the ground in the blowout. The Rams are in line for an at-large playoff bid. No. 14 Bethune-Cookman (10-2, 7-1 MEAC) 29, Florida A&M (3-9, 2-6) 10 Bethune-Cookman won the Florida Classic in Orlando to clinch a share of the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference title with South Carolina State. The Wildcats earned the automatic playoff bid by virtue of their win in the head-to-head meeting. Quentin Williams and Isidore Jackson both rushed for two touchdowns to spark Bethune-Cookman. No. 16 South Dakota State (8-4, 5-3 Missouri Valley) 42, No. 15 Youngstown State (8-4, 5-3) 13 South Dakota State likely solidified an at-large playoff bid behind strong performances from running back Zach Zenner and quarterback Austin Sumner. Sumner completed 15-of-19 pass attempts for 170 yards and two touchdowns, while Zenner produced 186 yards on the ground with two scores. The Jackrabbits finished the season on a four-game win streak and second behind North Dakota State in the Missouri Valley Football Conference by way of a tiebreaker. Liberty (8-4, 4-1 Big South) 56, No. 18 Charleston Southern (10-3, 3-2) 14 Liberty earned a share of the Big South Conference title as Josh Woodrum completed 23-of-28 pass attempts for 239 yards and three touchdowns, and ran for one touchdown. Desmond Rice rushed for 80 yards and two touchdowns, while the defense had four interceptions, including a pair by Jacob Hagen. Liberty shared the Big South title with Coastal Carolina, which collected the conference's automatic bid to the playoffs because of an overtime win in the head-to-head meeting. Charleston Southern's back-to-back losses to end the regular season may have knocked the Buccaneers out of a potential at-large playoff bid. Richmond (6-6, 4-4 CAA) 31, No. 19 William & Mary (7-5, 4-4) 20 William & Mary's second straight loss might have cost the Tribe an at-large playoff bid. Seth Fisher rushed for 131 yards and two touchdowns to pace Richmond's fourth straight win. William & Mary's Airek Green scored on a 40-yard fumble return to give the Tribe a 10-7 lead in the second quarter, but Fisher answered with a 1-yard TD on Richmond's next drive. In the loss, Tribe quarterback Brent Caprio completed 22-of-37 passes for a career-high 250 yards, and wide receiver Tre McBride totaled 282 all-purpose yards. Dartmouth (6-4, 5-2 Ivy) 28, No. 22 Princeton (8-2, 6-1) 24 Princeton was denied an outright Ivy League championship by Dartmouth and settled for a co-title with Harvard. Dartmouth quarterback Dalyn Williams struggled through the air, completing 4- of-15 attempts for 92 yards, one touchdown and two interceptions, but rushed for two touchdowns. Princeton signal caller Quinn Epperly threw for a pair of touchdowns and rushed for one. He was intercepted by Garrett Waggoner at the Dartmouth 37 with 24 seconds remaining to play. Alabama (11-0) 49, No. 23 Chattanooga (8-4) 0 Tennessee at Chattanooga was rolled by the two-time reigning BCS champion Tide and now await Sunday's playoff bids following a second straight loss. The Mocs started backup quarterback Terrell Robinson with Jacob Huesman nursing a knee injury. They shared the Southern Conference title with Furman and Samford. No. 24 Samford (8-4, 6-2 Southern) 33, Elon (2-10, 1-7) 32 Samford quarterback Andy Summerlin threw a 12-yard touchdown pass to Chris Cephus on 4th-and-goal with seven seconds to play to erase a 32-27 deficit and likely give the Bulldogs an at-large playoff bid. Samford were part of a three-way tie for the Southern Conference title with Chattanooga and Furman. Furman won the automatic qualifier on a tiebreaker. Summerlin was 36-of-55 for 415 yards and four touchdowns with two interceptions. Regular Season Complete No. 25 Tennessee State (9-3) This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. 2016 FOX News Network, LLC. All rights reserved. All market data delayed 20 minutes. Privacy - Terms - FAQ	NEWS-MULTISOURCE
THE BOARD OF EDUCATION OF ROCKFORD SCHOOL DISTRICT No. 205, Petitioner, v. THE ILLINOIS EDUCATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD et al., Respondents. — ROCKFORD EDUCATION ASSOCIATION, IEA-NEA, Petitioner, v. THE ILLINOIS EDUCATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD et al., Respondents. Fourth District Nos. 4 — 93—0066, 4 — 93—0082 cons. Argued December 14, 1993. Opinion filed February 14, 1994. Roland W. Burris, Attorney General, of Chicago (Rosalyn B. Kaplan, Solicitor General, and Jennifer A. Keller, Assistant Attorney General, of counsel), for respondent Illinois Educational Labor Relations Board. Thomas A. Bueschel (argued), of Conde, Stoner & Killoren, of Rockford, for Board of Education of Rockford School District No. 205. Gregory J. Malovance and Lois H. Johnson (argued), both of Winston & Strawn, of Chicago, for Rockford Educational Association. PRESIDING JUSTICE McCULLOUGH delivered the opinion of the court: This case involves the review of a decision of the Illinois Educational Labor Relations Board (IELRB) which held (1) the Board of Education of Rockford School District No. 205 (District) violated section 14(a)(8) of the Illinois Educational Labor Relations Act (Act) (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1989, ch. 48, par. 1714(a)(8)), and, derivatively, section 14(a)(1) of the Act (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1989, ch. 48, par. 1714(a)(1)) by refusing to comply with the arbitrator’s award; and (2) the Rockford Education Association (Association) failed to timely file its charge pursuant to section 14(a)(5) of the Act (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1989, ch. 48, par. 1714(a)(5)), thereby depriving the IELRB of jurisdiction to issue any order on that part of the charge. Rockford School District No. 205, 9 Pub. Employee Rep. (Ill.) par. 1040, No. 91 — CA—0023—C (Illinois Educational Labor Relations Board December 29, 1992). The District appeals that part of the IELRB’s decision pertaining to its violation of sections 14(a)(8) and (a)(1) of the Act. The Association appeals that portion of the IELRB’s decision which held the section 14(a)(5) charge was untimely filed. We affirm that part of the IELRB’s order regarding the timeliness of the section 14(a)(5) charge. However, we reverse that part of the IELRB’s decision regarding the violations of sections 14(a)(8) and (a)(1) of the Act. The incident giving rise to this grievance occurred on October 25, 1988. On that day, Dr. Peter Wehrle was teaching his sixth-hour remedial reading class. One student, Rodney Evans, chose to sit in the seat of another student, Becky (last name unknown). After Rodney refused to leave Becky’s seat and return to his own, Dr. Wehrle pulled Rodney from his seat, by his left arm, to a standing position. Rodney began swinging his arms at Dr. Wehrle, causing him to have to restrain Rodney in a "bear hug” manner. At this point, both Dr. Wehrle and Rodney were kneeling on the floor. Kevin Puckett, another student, came up behind Dr. Wehrle and grabbed him around the throat with his arms. This caused Dr. Wehrle to release Rodney and retreat from both students. Both students were referred to the principal’s office. Dr. Wehrle taught his seventh-hour class and then went to the emergency room at the local hospital because he was having chest pains and difficulty in breathing. Upon his doctor’s advice, he took the rest of the week off. On November 1,1988, Dr. Wehrle was informed by letter from the District that he was suspended with pay and a due process hearing was scheduled for November 8, 1988. Dr. Wehrle’s attorney telephoned a representative from the District stating that Dr. Wehrle would not attend the November 8,1988, hearing and asked for a continuance pending the outcome of the criminal investigation of this incident. The due process hearing was rescheduled for November 14, 1988. However, Dr. Wehrle again did not attend this meeting. Based on the evidence presented to the District at that hearing, it issued Dr. Wehrle a "Notice to Remedy” pursuant to section 24 — 12 of the School Code (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1989, ch. 122, par. 24 — 12). The notice to remedy provided: "You are hereby informed that your conduct as a teacher in this school district is deficient and unsatisfactory in the respects listed on exhibit '1’ attached hereto and made a part hereof. This Board of Education informs you that the Board has determined these deficiencies to be causes, charges, reasons and defects, which if not removed, will result in charges against you and your dismissal as a teacher in the school district. You are hereby instructed to remove and remedy each and every cause, charge, reason and defect stated on exhibit T and to continue to so remediate for the balance of time of your employment with this school district.” Exhibit No. 1 listed "excessive physical violence relating to the incident of October 25,1988,” and "absence from teaching assignment without prior notification or permission on October 28, 1988,” as the deficiencies to be remedied. Dr. Wehrle successfully completed the remediation period. Shortly thereafter, he filed a grievance alleging the District, by issuing the notice to remedy, violated article 14, section B, of the parties’ 1988-89 collective-bargaining agreement (the ’88-’89 agreement) which was in effect at the time of the incident between himself and the two students. Article 14, section B, of the ’88-’89 agreement states: "Every staff member has the right to fair and equitable treatment and accordingly shall not be acted against except for just cause.” (Hereinafter the "just cause” provision.) In his grievance, Dr. Wehrle sought to have the notice to remedy removed from his personnel file. A memorandum from John Schmidt, the District’s attorney, indicates that on December 2, 1988, he received a telephone call from Stephen Katz, the Association’s attorney, stating that criminal charges were not being pursued against Dr. Wehrle. Thus, Dr. Wehrle wished "to tell his side of the story” to the District. Schmidt did not believe it would be possible to arrange such a meeting but agreed to set up a meeting with the director of secondary education. Schmidt agreed, upon Katz’ inquiry, to waive any grievance-filing time limits until this meeting took place. However, this agreement was expressly conditioned upon the District’s reserving its right to challenge the applicability of the grievance-arbitration process to the issuance of the notice to remedy by the District. Katz agreed to this condition. Dr. Wehrle met with various District administrators between February and June 1989. During these meetings, he presented his version of the incident. A demand for arbitration was filed on January 5, 1990. The District filed a motion to dismiss alleging it had the exclusive authority to determine whether conduct by teachers was remedial pursuant to sections 10 — 22.4 and 24 — 12 of the School Code (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1989, ch. 122, pars. 10 — 22.4, 24 — 12) and that such authority was not delegable, thus depriving the arbitrator of the authority or jurisdiction to issue an award. On June 28,1990, the arbitrator denied the District’s motion, finding the only issue to be addressed was whether the ’88-’89 agreement had been violated. He concluded the District had violated that agreement by not according Dr. Wehrle fair and equitable treatment and acting against him without just cause. The arbitrator ordered the District to remove all material relating to the notice to remedy from Dr. Wehrle’s personnel file. On September 4, 1990, the District informed Dr. Wehrle that it believed the arbitrator was without jurisdiction to order the relief provided in his decision and to hear an arbitration matter regarding the authority of a board of education to issue a notice to remedy. The District believed the arbitrator’s award was void and therefore declined to remove the documents relating to the notice to remedy from Dr. Wehrle’s personnel file. On November 7,1990, the Association filed an unfair labor charge against the District pursuant to sections 14(a)(8), (a)(1), and (a)(5) of the Act. The complaint and notice of hearing pursuant to sections 14(a)(1) and (a)(8) of the Act was issued on January 7, 1991; however, the section 14(a)(5) charge was dismissed. (Rockford School District 205, 7 Pub. Employee Rep. (Ill.) par. 1021, No. 91 — CA—0023—C (Illinois Educational Labor Relations Board, Executive Director’s Recommended Decision, January 7, 1991).) The District filed its answer on January 22, 1991, in which it admitted certain allegations contained within the complaint but also alleged the arbitrator was without authority and jurisdiction to issue the award, thus making it invalid and nonbinding. On June 7, 1991, the IELRB reinstated the section 14(a)(5) allegation and ordered the Executive Director to issue an amended complaint. The amended complaint and notice of hearing was issued on June 17, 1991. The amended complaint was served by certified mail and received by the District on June 18, 1991. Rockford School District 205, 7 Pub. Employee Rep. (Ill.) par. 1072, No. 91 — CA— 0023 — C (Illinois Educational Labor Relations Board June 7, 1991). A hearing was held before an administrative law judge (ALJ) on November 5, 1991. At that hearing, the District indicated it was unaware that the IELRB had not received its answer to the amended complaint until an agent for the IELRB telephoned on August 12, 1991, indicating she could not locate a copy of the answer. At this point, the District faxed a copy of the answer to the IELRB. The District contended there was a problem with the mail and that it had attempted in good faith to timely file its answer. The District sought leave to file a late answer. The Association had filed a motion to strike the District’s answer to the amended complaint and had also moved to have the allegations contained in the amended complaint deemed admitted. The ALJ granted the Association’s motion, although he characterized it as deeming the admissions of the amended complaint as true rather than striking the answer. (See 80 Ill. Adm. Code § 1120.30(d)(3) (1985).) The ALJ was clear to state, however, that this admission only applied to the allegations of the amended complaint because there was a timely filed answer to the original complaint. The ALJ issued his decision on March 11, 1992, in which he concluded the District did not violate sections 14(a)(8) and, derivatively, (a)(1) of the Act by failing to comply with the arbitrator’s award because the grievance which was the subject of the arbitrator’s award was inarbitrable under section 10(b) of the Act. (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1989, ch. 48, par. 1710(b).) The ALJ also concluded the Association had failed to file its section 14(a)(5) charge in a timely manner, and therefore, the IELRB lacked jurisdiction to issue any order on that part of the charge. The ALJ recommended dismissal of all charges. Rockford School District No. 205, 8 Pub. Employee Rep. (Ill.) par. 1040, No. 91 — CA—0023—C (Illinois Educational Labor Relations Board, ALJ’s Recommended Decision, March 11, 1992). The Association filed exceptions to the ALJ’s recommendations. The issue presented to the IELRB was "whether a school district’s conduct leading to the issuance of a notice to remedy is arbitrable under a contract provision guaranteeing that an employee will be treated "fairly and impartially.” On December 29, 1992, the IELRB affirmed the ALJ as to the section 14(a)(5) charge but reversed on the sections 14(a)(8) and (a)(1) charges. The IELRB concluded the arbitrator’s award was a binding award and the District violated the Act by failing to comply with it. The District timely filed a petition for review regarding the section 14(a)(8) charge; the Association timely filed a petition for review of that part of the IELRB’s order which concluded the section 14(a)(5) charge was untimely. In its decision, the IELRB first noted that section 10(b) of the Act provides that the parties to a collective-bargaining agreement shall not effect or implement a provision in the collective-bargaining agreement if the implementation of that provision would be in violation of, inconsistent with, or in conflict with any statute or statutes enacted by the Illinois legislature. The IELRB stated section 10(b) will only preclude arbitration when there is a specific statutory directive that requires such a result. The issue before the IELRB then was whether sections 10 — 22.4 and 24 — 12 of the School Code constituted a specific statutory directive, and if so, whether the arbitrator’s interpretation of the parties’ ’88-’89 agreement violated, was inconsistent with, or in conflict with that statutory directive. The IELRB concluded these provisions did not constitute a specific statutory directive which the award violated. Rather, section 10— 22.4 of the School Code simply gives a school board the power to dismiss teachers subject to the tenure provisions of the School Code, and section 24 — 12 of the School Code provides certain procedural guarantees for tenured employees who are subject to dismissal. The IELRB found nothing in the School Code which prohibited arbitration of a school board’s conduct leading to the issuance of a notice to remedy under a provision of a collective-bargaining agreement that required that an employee be treated fairly and impartially and not be acted against without just cause. These sections of the School Code grant a school board the general authority to dismiss teachers for certain reasons, provided, however, the procedures set forth in the School Code are followed. The IELRB noted that the situation which occurred here, i.e., a notice to remedy, followed by a successful remediation period, is not addressed by section 24 — 12 of the School Code. That section provides the proper procedures for when a tenured teacher is dismissed. The IELRB rejected the District’s contention that dismissal of tenured teachers is within the exclusive discretion of a school board, noting that, under the terms of section 24 — 12 of the School Code, a hearing officer selected from a list provided by the State Board of Education can review a determination that cause for dismissal existed and overturn that determination if necessary. The IELRB concluded the School Code provided no explicit procedural protection for an employee in Dr. Wehrle’s situation. Because Dr. Wehrle was not dismissed, the procedural protections of section 24 — 12 of the School Code were not available and he had no forum under the School Code in which to seek an independent review of the District’s decision to begin dismissal proceedings against him through the issuance of a notice to remedy. Thus, the right to review by an independent and impartial arbitrator under the "just cause” provision of the ’88-’89 agreement provided his only forum for such review. In sum, the right given to Dr. Wehrle to fair and equitable treatment under the ’88-’89 agreement was not in conflict with the School Code but instead supplemented his rights under the School Code. The arbitrator’s award did not violate, nor was it inconsistent or in conflict with, section 10(b) of the Act. The IELRB concluded the District violated sections 14(a)(8) and (a)(1) of the Act by failing to comply with the award. The issue before the IELRB as to the section 14(a)(5) charge was whether the Association had notice, more than six months prior to the date on which it filed the charge, that the District would assert a defense of nondelegability in this arbitration. The ALJ determined the Association had notice of the unfair labor practice as of December 2, 1988, when its attorney, Katz, asked the District’s attorney, Schmidt, if the District would waive the grievance-filing time limits, and Schmidt agreed on the understanding that the District retained its right to challenge the applicability of the grievance process to the issuance of a notice to remedy. The IELRB concluded the proper focus was the point at which the District asserted the defense of nondelegability to the arbitration of Dr. Wehrle’s grievance, and not when the District refused to comply with the arbitration award (September 4, 1990) as the Association alleged. The IELRB found the Association had notice of the District’s unfair labor practice in this case on April 14, 1990, when the District filed its motion to dismiss the arbitration on the grounds of nondelegability. The statute of limitations began to run on that date and the unfair labor practice charge filed November 7, 1990, more than six months from April 14, 1990, was untimely. The IELRB ordered the District to (1) cease and desist from refusing to comply with the arbitrator’s award, (2) rescind the November 14, 1988, notice to remedy, and (3) remove all printed material relating to the October 25, 1988, incident from Dr. Wehrle’s personnel file. The District contends the IELRB erred by finding that charges of dismissal of a tenured teacher and the remediability of such charges are subject to arbitration. The District asserts that the arbitrator’s award is an implementation of a contractual provision in conflict with and inconsistent with sections 10 — 22.4 and 24 — 12 of the School Code in violation of section 10(b) of the Act. The District further contends the IELRB erred by concluding that the School Code does not provide that a notice to remedy may be kept as part of an employee’s permanent record, nor does it prohibit the removal of such notice from the employee’s personnel file. The Association contends the District had the authority to contractually limit its general statutory power to issue a notice to remedy by promising that it would only take such action for "just cause” because such a contractual provision is within the scope of a permissive subject of collective bargaining as a condition of employment. Furthermore, the Association alleges the arbitrator’s award does not violate section 10(b) of the Act by conflicting with the School Code, but in fact supplements a tenured teacher’s rights, where no statutory appeal procedures exist, i.e., to appeal the issuance of a notice to remedy. Finally, the Association contends there is no specific statutory directive which definitively prohibits the application of a "just cause” standard to the issuance of a notice to remedy. On review of an administrative decision, it is not the court’s function to reweigh the evidence or make an independent determination of facts, but rather, to ascertain whether the findings and the decision of the agency are against the manifest weight of the evidence. (Abrahamson v. Illinois Department of Professional Regulation (1992), 153 Ill. 2d 76, 88, 606 N.E.2d 1111, 1117.) An administrative agency decision is against the manifest weight of the evidence only if the opposite conclusion is clearly evident. (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1991, ch. 110, par. 3 — 110.) As a general rule, courts will accord deference to the interpretation placed on a statute by the agency charged with its administration. However, a reviewing court is not bound by an agency’s conclusions of law and those conclusions will be rejected when erroneous. City of Decatur v. American Federation of State, County, & Municipal Employees, Local 268 (1988), 122 Ill. 2d 353, 361, 522 N.E.2d 1219, 1222. Section 14(a)(1) of the Act prohibits, as an unfair labor practice, educational employers, their agents or representatives from interfering, restraining, or coercing employees in the exercise of their rights under the Act. Section 14(a)(8) of the Act renders the refusal to comply with the provisions of a binding arbitration award an unfair labor practice. However, the refusal to abide by such an award is the accepted and only method of attacking the validity of the award. (Board of Education of Community School District No. 1, Coles County v. Compton (1988), 123 Ill. 2d 216, 225-26, 526 N.E.2d 149, 154.) The proper procedure to follow in passing upon a charge of a violation of section 14(a)(8) of the Act is to determine: "(1) whether there is a binding arbitration award; (2) what the content of the award is; and (3) whether compliance has been made with the award.” (Board of Education of Danville Community Consolidated School District No. 118 v. Illinois Educational Labor Relations Board (1988), 175 Ill. App. 3d 347, 349-50, 529 N.E.2d 1110, 1112.) The principal issue presented here is whether a binding arbitration award exists. Section 10(b) of the Act provides: "The parties to the collective bargaining process shall not effect or implement a provision in a collective[-]bargaining agreement if the implementation of that provision would be in violation of, or inconsistent with, or in conflict with any statute or statutes enacted by the General Assembly of Illinois. The parties to the collective[-]bargaining process may effect or implement a provision in a collective[-]bargaining agreement if the implementation of that provision has the effect of supplementing any provision in any statute or statutes enacted by the General Assembly of Illinois pertaining to wages, hours or other conditions of employment; provided however, no provision in a collective[-]bargaining agreement may be effected or implemented if such provision has the effect of negating, abrogating, replacing, reducing, diminishing, or limiting in any way any employee rights, guarantees or privileges pertaining to wages, hours or other conditions of employment provided in such statutes. Any provision in a collective[-]bargaining agreement which has the effect of negating, abrogating, replacing, reducing, diminishing or limiting in any way any employee rights, guarantees or privileges provided in an Illinois statute or statutes shall be void and unenforceable, but shall not affect the validity, enforceability and implementation of other permissible provisions of the collective[-]bargaining agreement.” Ill. Rev. Stat. 1989, ch. 48, par. 1710(b). Section 10 — 22.4 of the School Code gives a school board the following power: "Dismissal of teachers. To dismiss a teacher for incompetency, cruelty, negligence, immorality or other sufficient cause, to dismiss any teacher who fails to complete a 1-year remediation plan with a 'satisfactory’ or better rating and to dismiss any teacher whenever, in its opinion, he is not qualified to teach, or whenever, in its opinion, the interests of the schools require it, subject, however, to the provisions of Sections 24 — 10 to 24 — 15, inclusive. Temporary mental or physical incapacity to perform teaching duties, as found by a medical examination, is not a cause for dismissal. Marriage is not a cause of removal.” (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1989, ch. 122, par. 10— 22.4.) Section 24 — 12 of the School Code provides: "If a dismissal or removal is sought for any other reason or cause, including those under Section 10 — 22.4, the board must first approve a motion containing specific charges by a majority vote of all its members. Written notice of such charges shall be served upon the teacher within 5 days of the adoption of the motion. Such notice shall contain a bill of particulars. No hearing upon the charges is required unless the teacher within 10 days after receiving notice requests in writing of the board that a hearing be scheduled, in which case the board shall schedule a hearing on those charges before a disinterested hearing officer on a date no less than 15 nor more than 30 days after the enactment of the motion. *** Before setting a hearing on charges stemming from causes that are considered remediable, a board must give the teacher reasonable warning in writing, stating specifically the causes which, if not removed, may result in charges; however, no written warning shall be required if the causes have been the subject of a remediation plan pursuant to Article 24A.” Ill. Rev. Stat. 1989, ch. 122, par. 24 — 12. Finally, article 14, section B, of the ’88-’89 agreement provides "Every staff member has the right to fair and equitable treatment and accordingly shall not be acted against except for just cause.” The District contends the determination of whether the nondelegability doctrine was abrogated by the enactment of section 10(b) of the Act is squarely before this court and further contends this doctrine is still viable today within the context of sections 10 — 22.4 and 24 — 12 of the School Code. It concludes the application of a "just cause” provision in a collective-bargaining agreement to the issuance of a notice to remedy involves the delegation of a school board’s authority to dismiss tenured teachers, thereby violating the doctrine of nondelegability. On the other hand, the Association does not believe the doctrine of nondelegability still exists nor does it unequivocally believe it was abrogated by the Act. Rather, it notes that under the powers and authority granted to school boards by the Act, certain previously nondelegable subjects have become mandatory bargaining subjects or permissive bargaining subjects. Thus, if a contractually agreed-upon provision pertains to either a mandatory or permissive subject of collective bargaining, that provision is arbitrable. The Association notes that section 10 of the Act provides school boards with both the authority and the duty to bargain collectively with respect to wages, hours, and other terms and conditions of employment. It concludes that a "just cause” standard for the discipline of teachers is a "term and condition of employment” within the meaning of section 10 of the Act, and that this section therefore expressly authorizes school boards to agree to a "just cause” limitation to its general power under the School Code to issue a notice to remedy. The Association notes, however, that this authority to agree to such a provision is subject to the provisions of section 10(b) of the Act. No court has specifically determined whether the Act has extinguished the nondelegability doctrine. See, e.g., Board of Governors of State Colleges & Universities v. Illinois Educational Labor Relations Board (1988), 170 Ill. App. 3d 463, 481, 524 N.E.2d 758, 768 (wherein this court expressly refuses to pass upon the power of an employer to delegate through a collective-bargaining agreement its authority in regard to dismissal of employees); see also Danville Community, 175 Ill. App. 3d at 352, 529 N.E.2d at 1113 (wherein this court declined to decide the eifect of sections 10(b) and (c) of the Act upon certain sections of the School Code); Perkovich & Stein, Challenges to Arbitration Under Illinois Public Sector Labor Relations Statutes, 7 Hofstra Lab. L.J. 191 (1989). Although there may be a necessity for determining the continuing validity of the nondelegability doctrine, the issue presented by this appeal can be resolved without making such a determination. As both the District and the Association allege, the question to be answered is whether the arbitrator’s award violates section 10(b) of the Act. If it does, it is not a valid and binding award, and the District could not have committed an unfair labor practice by failing to comply with the award. The issue then becomes whether the arbitrator’s award violates, or is in conflict or inconsistent with, section 10(b) of the Act. Under section 10(b) of the Act, if an arbitration award is contrary to a specific law or statute, then the award is nonbinding and the IELRB cannot enforce it. Faculty Association of District 205 v. Illinois Educational Labor Relations Board (1988), 175 Ill. App. 3d 880, 890, 530 N.E.2d 548, 555. The District contends the arbitrator’s award conflicts with sections 10 — 22.4 and 24 — 12 of the School Code because the plain language of those sections and the legislative intent establish that a school board alone was intended to exercise its discretion with respect to the dismissal of tenured teachers and issues of remediability. The District also suggests the creation of an alternative forum for review of discharge decisions, through an arbitration process, will directly conflict with section 24 — 12 of the School Code, which allows a teacher to request a hearing on the charges forming the basis for the dismissal. Finally, the District alleges the creation of these multiple forums of review will cause chaos and disorder and interfere with the policy of the Act to promote orderly and constructive relationships between all education employees and employers. The Association alleges there must be a specific statutory directive which explicitly and definitively prohibits an educational employer from making an agreement as to a particular term or condition of employment. The Association contends the District has not articulated any such specific statutory directive. The Association further contends the application of a "just cause” provision in a collective-bargaining agreement to the issuance of a notice to remedy supplements a tenured teacher’s rights under the School Code, thus creating a right to challenge or review the issuance of a notice to remedy where no statutory appeal procedures exist. Last, the Association relies upon this court’s decision in Board of Governors to support its conclusion that the "just cause” provision in the ’88-’89 agreement supplements the School Code and is therefore valid under section 10(b) of the Act. First, while there are similarities between the instant case and Board of Governors, it is distinguishable. That case involved the discharge of an employee of a State university subject to both the Act and "An Act to create the State University Civil Service System” (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1987, ch. 24½, par. 38b(l) et seq.)- That statute created a classified civil service system for employees and procedures for discharge of those employees for cause. This court held that sections 10(b) and (c) of the Act did not prevent the employing universities and the bargaining representatives for their employees from agreeing upon an alternate procedure, to be used at the employee’s option, for handling proceedings for discharge through a grievance procedure ending in binding arbitration. Board of Governors, 170 Ill. App. 3d at 480, 524 N.E.2d at 768. As we noted in Danville Community, Board of Governors did not involve the application of sections 10(b) and (c) of the Act to sections 10 — 22.4 and 24 — 12 of the School Code. The civil service legislation involved there had no provisions similar to sections 10 — 22.4 and 24 — 12 of the School Code. Likewise, the issue there was not one whereby the collective-bargaining agreement delegated the power of an employer, as here, but rather delegated the power of a civil service commission. Danville Community, 175 Ill. App. 3d at 351, 529 N.E.2d at 1113. Section 10(b) of the Act prohibits the implementation of a provision in a collective-bargaining agreement which would be in violation of, or inconsistent or in conflict with, any statute enacted by the Illinois legislature. The IELRB’s application of the "just cause” provision of the ’88-’89 agreement is inconsistent and conflicts with sections 10 — 22.4 and 24 — 12 of the School Code. Section 10 — 22.4 of the School Code provides the reasons upon which a school board may rely to dismiss a tenured teacher. Section 24 — 12 of the School Code provides the procedure to be followed in such a dismissal. To allow an arbitrator to decide whether a school board acted with "just cause” in bringing dismissal charges against a tenured teacher would in effect give the arbitrator "veto power” over the determination by such school board of whether the dismissal should have occurred. Such a veto power is inconsistent and conflicts with the School Code, which grants this power to school boards. The Illinois legislature has determined that a school board has the sole authority to decide whether a dismissal is warranted and an interpretation of a collective-bargaining agreement provision which gives that power to an arbitrator clearly violates section 10(b) of the Act. The Association also contends Dr. Wehrle was without a remedy to challenge the issuance of the notice to remedy because the School Code does not provide for a hearing on the issuance of the notice to remedy. Clearly, the School Code does not specifically provide for a hearing regarding the issuance of notice to remedy. However, the District’s own policy allowed for such a hearing. Nevertheless, Dr. Wehrle chose not to participate in that hearing, even after the District granted his request for a continuance of the originally scheduled hearing date. In Spinelli v. Immanuel Lutheran Evangelical Congregation, Inc. (1987), 118 Ill. 2d 389, 515 N.E.2d 1222, the supreme court held that school boards are entitled to suspend tenured teachers. The supreme court also held that although tenured teachers who face suspension are not entitled to a section 24 — 12 hearing, they are entitled to procedural due process. (Spinelli, 118 Ill. 2d at 406, 515 N.E.2d at 1230.) There, the school board’s policy required that a teacher be given written notice of the charges upon which the suspension proceedings were based, and allowed for a hearing before the school board no more than 20 days from the date it was requested, with the teacher to be given the opportunity to be represented by counsel, cross-examine witnesses and present evidence. The supreme court held such a policy afforded tenured teachers procedural due process. The District’s policy here is similar to that in Spinelli. Although not required by the School Code, the District chose to provide Dr. Wehrle a due process hearing on the issuance of the notice to remedy. However, he chose not to participate in that hearing (or the rescheduled hearing), and thus cannot now complain about having no opportunity to challenge the issuance of the notice to remedy. In conclusion, the arbitration award violated section 10(b) of the Act, because it was contrary to a specific section of the School Code which allows a school board to determine whether cause for dismissal exists, whether such charges are remediable, and whether such charges are warranted. Therefore, the award is nonbinding, and the IELRB cannot enforce it. Finally, the District contends it is entitled to rely upon the existence of prior remediation notices and discharge decisions to aid in making a subsequent decision to issue another notice to remedy or to dismiss a tenured teacher. The IELRB noted the School Code does not specifically state whether a notice to remedy must be kept as part of an employee’s permanent record nor does it prohibit the removal of a notice to remedy from a teacher’s personnel file. However, the District asserts that there is judicial precedent for considering accumulation of otherwise remediable conduct in determining discharge issues. Our determination that the award was invalid and nonbinding makes it unnecessary to address this issue. Because the award which ordered the removal of all documentation relating to the notice to remedy is invalid, that documentation shall remain in Dr. Wehrle’s personnel file. The issue of whether the District can rely upon that information in future disciplinary matters need only be resolved if such measures are taken by the District at a later date. The Association has appealed the IELRB’s determination that it had notice of the District’s unfair labor practice on April 14, 1990, thereby making the filing of the section 14(a)(5) charge on November 7, 1990, untimely. The Association agrees that the issue presented, as determined by the IELRB, was whether it had notice that the District would assert the nondelegability defense in Dr. Wehrle’s arbitration more than six months prior to the date on which it filed the section 14(a)(5) charge. The Association alleges it did not have notice that the District would take this position until the arbitration award was issued on June 28, 1990. Because of our resolution of the District’s appeal, we will not discuss this issue raised by the Association. Our review of the record indicates the IELRB correctly concluded the filing of the section 14(a)(5) charge was untimely. In conclusion, that part of the IELRB’s order pertaining to the section 14(a)(5) charge is affirmed. That part of the IELRB’s order which held the District violated sections 14(a)(8) and (a)(1) of the Act is reversed. Affirmed in part; reversed in part. COOK and LUND, JJ., concur.	CASELAW
Dermatitis Treatment in Ayurveda Remove Rashes, Get relief in Itchy, Burning and Painful Sensation with Ayurvedic Treatment & Panchakarma Consult for your disease now Prakash Ayurveda is the best skin hospital for dermatitis natural treatment and other skin diseases. Get your skin disorder treated with Ayurveda. What is Dermatitis? Dermatitis is a term that describes a skin irritation. It is an inflammation of the skin. The word dermatitis is used to describe a number of different skin rashes that are caused by infections, allergies, and various irritating substances. It usually involves itchy, dry skin or a rash on swollen, reddened skin. It may also cause the skin to blister, ooze or flake off. Dermatitis isn't contagious, but it can make you feel uncomfortable and self-conscious. Moisturizing regularly helps control the symptoms. Few types of dermatitis can last a long time while others may spread up depending on the season, Each type of dermatitis may look different and tend to occur on various parts of your body. Types of Dermatitis There are several different types of dermatitis. Below are the most common: 1. Atopic dermatitis- This type of dermatitis is also called eczema; this skin condition is usually inherited and develops during infancy. A person with eczema will likely experience rough patches of dry, itchy skin. 2. Contact dermatitis- Contact dermatitis occurs from contact with something which irritates your skin and causes some allergic reaction. These allergens can develop further into rashes that burn, sting, itch, or blister. 3. Dyshidrotic dermatitis- In this type of dermatitis, the skin loses its ability to protect itself. This results in itchy, dry skin, and small blisters. It occurs mainly on the feet and hands. 4. Seborrheic dermatitis- This type is also known as cradle cap in babies, This type is most common on the scalp, though it can also occur on the face and chest. It often causes scaly patches and dandruff. these are some types of dermatitis that can be cured with the help of dermatitis natural treatment. Diagnosis of Dermatitis To diagnose dermatitis, your doctor examines your skin, looking for signs of mites, including the characteristic burrows. When a mite burrow is located by your doctor, a scrape of your skin from that area is taken to examine it under the microscope. This microscopic process of examination helps to determine the presence of mites. A dermatitis ink test (or Burrow Ink Test) can also help to spot burrowed paths in your skin created by the mites. To do this test, your doctor can drop ink from a fountain pen onto an area of the skin that appears to be infested. They then wipe away the ink. Causes of Dermatitis The dermatitis causes are depending on the type of disease. Some types, like dyshidrotic eczema, neurodermatitis, and nummular dermatitis, may have various unknown causes. The known causes of few types are as follows: 1. Contact dermatitis Common substances that cause allergic reactions include: • Detergents • Cosmetics • Nickel • Poison ivy and oak 2. Seborrheic dermatitis - The dermatitis cause of this type is known to have a genetic component for some people. This type is caused by yeast which is in oil recreation on the skin. 3. Stasis dermatitis - Stasis dermatitis cause is due to poor circulation in the body, most commonly in the lower legs and feet. Risk Factors Common risk factors for dermatitis include: 1. Age - Dermatitis can occur at any age, but atopic dermatitis (eczema) usually begins in infancy. 2. Allergies and asthma - It suggests a genetic role in the development of dermatitis. The main risk factor is to have relatives who have or had allergies and asthma. 3. Occupation - Certain jobs in which a person may have contact with certain metals, solvents or cleaning supplies increase your risk of contact dermatitis. 4. Health conditions - Health conditions such as congestive heart failure, Parkinson's disease, and HIV/AIDS. 5. Role of the environment- People who live in an urban area with a great level of pollution are more liked to be suffered from dermatitis. Signs and Symptoms of Dermatitis The symptoms of dermatitis range from mild to severe. In general, the dermatitis symptoms may include: 1. Rashes 2. Blisters 3. Dry, cracked skin 4. Itching 5. Painful skin, with stinging or burning 6. Redness 7. Swelling Dermatitis Treatment in Ayurveda According to ayurveda, Virechana is the primary dermatitis treatment in ayurveda. While various herbal medications are necessary throughout the treatment process as mere medicines are not enough to treat the condition. The dermatitis treatment in ayurveda is done by using Virechana. Our experts work to expel the accumulated waste or toxins that are caused by vitiated Pitta and to re-balance the doshas. Oil application and medicated steam are highly recommended on skin regularly after analyzing disease predominance. These internal medicines are prescribed to increase the digestive fire (Deepana) and burn waste (Ama Pachana) of the body. Dermatitis treatment in ayurveda also includes various oil treatments which are considered very effective and so are certain panchakarma procedures like Abhyangam, Virechan, Nasyam are recommended under expert supervision. 1. Abhyangam (full body massage)- This relaxing and refreshing full body massage is a masterpiece of Ayurveda and dermatitis treatment in ayurveda. It is done with medicated herbal oils by expert therapists in a synchronized manner for 45 minutes. 2. Nasyam (Nasal Therapy) – It involves the nasal instillation of herbal medicines which helps in clearing the pathways of the body. It helps in removing the toxins from the body This procedure helps in increasing the flow of energy to the brain. 3. Virechana (Purging) – It is an induced purgation that clears the lower gastrointestinal region from the duodenum till the anus. It also helps in purifying the blood which is a great dermatitis treatment in ayurveda while focusing on the liver and gall bladder. It is quite beneficial for people suffering from Pitta disorder. Home Remedies for Dermatitis For the best dermatitis home treatment or dermatitis home remedy, Ayurveda highly recommends the following herbs and natural products for controlling seborrheic dermatitis: 1. Amla: An anti-oxidant that raises immunity levels to stop flare-ups of seborrheic dermatitis. 2. Giloy: A herb that heals inflammation, due to increased pitta levels in your body. 3. Neem: This calms pitta. Wash the area affected by skin infection with neem infused water. 4. Mulethi: This regulates hormonal levels and prevents flare-ups. Preventions for Dermatitis Dermatitis prevention includes the following steps: 1. Take shorter baths- Limit your baths and showers to 5 to 10 minutes. Use warm rather than hot water. 2. Use a gentle, mild cleanser. Choose mild and nonsoap cleansers. Some soaps can dry your skin resulting in worsening of the disease. 3. Moisturize your skin. While your skin is still wet, seal in moisture with an oil, cream or lotion. 4. Wear cotton gloves under rubber gloves for all wet work. 5. You can also use petroleum jelly to protect your skin. 6. Avoid contact with substances that irritate your skin. 7. Wear loose cotton clothes instead of synthetic fabric.	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
2019 FIFA Women's World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL–CONCACAF play-off) In the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup qualification process, one spot in the final tournament was allocated to the winner of a two-legged home-and-away play-off between the fourth-placed team from CONCACAF (Panama) and the third-placed team from CONMEBOL (Argentina). Summary The draw for the order of legs was held on 9 June 2018 in Zürich during a meeting between the secretary generals of CONCACAF and CONMEBOL. Argentina were drawn to host the first leg, while Panama (the identity of the team from CONCACAF was not known at time of draw) were drawn to host the second leg. The matches took place on 8 and 13 November 2018, during the women's international match calendar period. * } Matches Argentina won 5–1 on aggregate and qualified for the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup.	WIKI
multiple-value-variants 2014-08-26 Gives access to multiple-value variants of operators through one macro: MULTIPLE-VALUE. There are built-in variants for some standard operators; it's easy to create your own variants for other operators. The multiple-value mapping operators are especially useful. Upstream URL tarballs.hexstreamsoft.com/libraries/latest/multiple-value-variants_latest.tar.gz Author Jean-Philippe Paradis <hexstream@gmail.com> License Public Domain README Project's home: http://www.hexstreamsoft.com/projects/multiple-value-variants/ multiple-value-variants gives access to multiple-value variants of operators through one macro: MULTIPLE-VALUE. There are built-in variants for some standard operators; it's easy to create your own variants for other operators. The multiple-value mapping operators are especially useful. Examples -------- (multiple-value () (progn 1 2 3)) => 3 (multiple-value () (progn)) => [no values] (multiple-value () (and (values nil 'other 'values) t)) => NIL, OTHER, VALUES (multiple-value () (or (find-symbol "OR" '#:cl) (find-symbol "XOR" '#:cl))) => OR, :EXTERNAL (let ((hash (make-hash-table))) (multiple-value () (cond ((gethash 'key hash)) ((values))))) => [no values] (let ((hash (make-hash-table))) (setf (gethash 'key hash) 'value) (multiple-value () (cond ((gethash 'key hash)) ((values))))) => VALUE, T (multiple-value () (when nil (print "side-effect"))) => [no values] (multiple-value (2) (mapcar #'truncate '(3 5/4 5.5))) => (3 1 5), (0 1/4 0.5) (multiple-value 2 (mapcan (lambda (object) (if (numberp object) (values (list object) nil) (values nil (list object)))) '(0 a 2 3/4 c))) => (0 2 3/4), (A C) (multiple-value 3 (maplist (lambda (tail) (values tail (reverse tail) (list (first tail) (second tail)))) '(a b c d e))) => ((A B C D E) (B C D E) (C D E) (D E) (E)) ((E D C B A) (E D C B) (E D C) (E D) (E)) ((A B) (B C) (C D) (D E) (E NIL)) API --- First of all, in the way of packages there's the MULTIPLE-VALUE-VARIANTS package, which is also nicknamed MULTIPLE-VALUE-VARIANT, MV-VARIANTS and MV-VARIANT. The primary exported symbol is the MULTIPLE-VALUE macro. Explicitly (:import-from #:multiple-value-variants #:multiple-value) for normal usage. Don't (:use)! The MULTIPLE-VALUE-VARIANTS package also exports other symbols related to creation of new multiple-value variants and querying of existing ones (documentation pending, check package.lisp for a list of all exported symbols). The most important of these is DEFINE, which is normally used to define new multiple-value variants. You should normally explicitly package-qualify this symbol. There are 2 recurring features throughout the API: IDENTITY generally indicates the form to evaluate (and values to return) when an implicit (multiple-value progn) has no forms. NTH indicates which value to test for conditionals. The rest of the API documentation introduces the built-in multiple-value variants. Variant PROGN (&key (identity '(values))) (&body forms) Just like PROGN, except if there are no FORMS then the IDENTITY is evaluated instead. Variant PROG1 () (result &body body) This straightforwardly expands to a MULTIPLE-VALUE-PROG1. Variant AND (&key identity (nth 0)) (&rest forms) If IDENTITY is not specified, then there must be at least one FORM. This is like normal AND, except if one of the non-last FORMS' NTH-value is false, returns all values that were returned by that FORM, not just the primary value. Variant OR (&key identity (nth 0)) (&rest forms) If IDENTITY is not specified, then there must be at least one FORM. This is like normal OR, except if one of the non-last FORMS' NTH-value is true, returns all values that were returned by that FORM, not just the primary value. Variant COND (&key (nth 0)) (&rest clauses) This is just like normal COND, except: - If a CLAUSE that has no FORMS succeeds, then all the values that were returned by the TEST-FORM are returned, not just the primary value; - If no CLAUSE succeeds, then no values are returned (instead of NIL). Variant WHEN (&key (else '(values)) (identity '(values))) (test &body forms) If TEST evaluates to true, evaluate FORMS as an implicit (multiple-value progn) with IDENTITY as the identity. Else, evaluate ELSE. Variant UNLESS (&key (else '(values)) (identity '(values))) (test &body forms) If TEST evaluates to false, evaluate FORMS as an implicit (multiple-value progn) with IDENTITY as the identity. Else, evaluate ELSE. Variant CASE () (keyform &body cases) Variant CCASE () (keyplace &body cases) Variant ECASE () (keyform &body cases) Variant TYPECASE () (keyform &body cases) Variant CTYPECASE () (keyplace &body cases) Variant ETYPECASE () (keyform &body cases) These are like their normal counterparts, except the FORMS in each case is an implicit (multiple-value progn), and if no case matches in CASE or TYPECASE, then no values are returned (instead of NIL). Variant MAPCAR (multiple-values-count) (function &rest+ lists) Variant MAPCAN (multiple-values-count) (function &rest+ lists) Variant MAPLIST (multiple-values-count) (function &rest+ lists) Variant MAPCON (multiple-values-count) (function &rest+ lists) These are just like the normal variants, except they can accumulate multiple results at the same time. This is especially useful to "triage" values (ex: split the elements of a list into 2 lists according to some criteria), and to accumulate multiple "layers" of values in one pass for macroexpansions, as an alternative to repeated mapping (sometimes with some readability problems due to reduced "correlation"). MULTIPLE-VALUES-COUNT is not evaluated, and must be a non-negative integer indicating the number of results (values) to accumulate and return. FUNCTION would normally return that many values. If FUNCTION returns less than MULTIPLE-VALUES-COUNT values, then the remaining values are NIL. If FUNCTION returns more than MULTIPLE-VALUES-COUNT values, then the excess values are ignored. This library is in the Public Domain. See the UNLICENSE file for details. Dependencies (3) • enhanced-multiple-value-bind • map-bind • positional-lambda Dependents (0) • GitHub • Quicklisp	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
Page:CAB Aircraft Accident Report, Panagra Flight 9.pdf/8 Weather reports obtained from Pangara, plus the study of the Southern Hemisphere maps prepared by the United States army Weather Central on January 22, revealed that a cold front had moved into the extreme southern portion of Peru and accounted for the rain that had already occurred in the Arequipa area. It is believed that the front, was near or slightly to the north of the location of the accident the time it occurred. This would account for cloudiness, low ceilings end rain in that area. The fact that the wind shifted from south-southeast to south-southwest, subsequent to take-off of trip No. 9 from Arequipa, could account for the plane having drifted several miles to the right of its course and this condition evidently had not been included in the pilot's reckoning. Velocity of the south-south-west wind was estimated from available information to have been approximately 20 m.p.h. William Henry Howell, a British subject who held dispatcher certificate No. 10912-40, was the Flight Watch Control dispatcher at Lima but was not on duty at the time of the accident. In this position, he was, charged with exercising controls over all flights from Santiago, Chile, until arrival in Lima, Peru. His assistant, T. P. Unsworth, uncertificated as a dispatcher, was, on dirty the afternoon of the subject flight. Unsworth was authorized by Panagra to act as dispatcher in Howell's absence. According; to Panagra, this was in keeping with the dispatch requirements, as laid down in their operations specifications, as Howell was available for consultation when Unsworth was on duty. According to the Air Carrier Branch of the CAA this practice does not agree with their interpretation and the CAA has since taken corrective action. This portion of the line Arequipa to Lima, is practically cloudless for ten months of the year and is flown contact. Several pilots, who have flown	WIKI
Page:Pierre and Jean - Clara Bell - 1902.djvu/248 Rh hand? Would you cease to think of it, I ask you?" "I? I swear I should." "Why you would think of it at every hour of the day." "No, I swear it. Besides, listen, if you go away I will enlist and get killed." This boyish threat quite overcame her; she clasped Jean in a passionate and tender embrace. He went on: "I love you more than you think—ah, much more, much more. Come, be reasonable. Try to stay for only one week. Will you promise me one week? You cannot refuse me that?" She laid her two hands on Jean's shoulders, and holding him at arm's length she said: "My child, let us try and be calm and not give way to emotions. First, listen to me. If I were ever to hear from your lips what I have heard for this month past from your brother, if I were once to see in your eyes what I read in his, if I could fancy from a word or a look that I was as odious to you as I am to him—within one hour, mark me—within one hour I should be gone forever." "Mother, I swear to you—" "Let me speak. For a month past I have suffered all that any creature can suffer. From the	WIKI
Make JavaScript Math.random() useful Posted Aug 3, 2004 Last Updated Sep 30, 2013 The JavaScript function Math.random() randomly generates a number from 0 to slightly less than 1 (shown as <1). This is great, and all, but when was the last time someone told you to pick a number between 0 and slightly less than 1? Never? How do we transform these numbers into something usable, say a whole number between 1 and 3. (One and ten are more common, but the illustrations would be too huge.) First, we could multiply. Let’s try multiplying by 3. Math.random() * 3 This gets us numbers from 0 to <3. But we want between 1 and 3. We’ll try multiplying and adding. Math.random() * 2 + 1 Great. This will get us numbers from 1 to <3. (First it generates a number from 0 to <2, then adds 1.) Lets see how this looks on a number line: 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 \|-----\|-----\|-----\|-----\| Good. But this still gives us decimal numbers such as 1.56734. We want whole number. So naturally we should round. Lets try: Math.round(Math.random2+1) This will produce whole numbers between 1 and 3 inclusive. However, the numbers are perfectly random. To be perfectly random each number should appear the same number of times, but in this case the number 2 will appear most often. Let’s put this on a number line. Recall from elementary school that things <.5 round down and >.5 round up. 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 \|-----\|-----\|-----\|-----\| 1<<<<<>>>>>>2<<<<<>>>>>>3 So as you can see, the segment that rounds to two is twice as long as the segments that round to one or three. The fix How about we change our math a little and always round up. The function we need is called the ceiling function because it rounds a number up to the “ceiling.” Math.ceil(Math.random()3) Going to the number line: 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 \|-----\|------\|-----\|-----\|-----\|-----\| 0>>>>>>>>>>>>1>>>>>>>>>>>2>>>>>>>>>>>3 Awesome. However, (oh no, not again) remember how the Math.random() function gives us numbers from 0 to <1? That mean there is a super-slim chance of getting exactly 0. Math.ceil(0) equals 0. So there is a slim chance we will get 0 as a result. The real fix We don’t have to round to get integers. We can truncate. This means that we just throw away anything after the decimal point. OK, so this is technically the same as always rounding down, but whatever. This function is called the floor function. Math.floor(Math.random()3+1) Lets go through it. First we get a number between 0 and <3 and then add 1 to it. This gives us 1 to <4. Remember that slightly less than 4 could be 3.99999 but it will never be 4. So when we floor the number we will always get a whole number between 1 and 3 inclusive. Check out the number line: 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 \|-----\|------\|-----\|-----\|-----\|-----\| 1<<<<<<<<<<<<2<<<<<<<<<<<3<<<<<<<<<<< In conclusion, random numbers are only purely random if you transform them correctly. Otherwise you get skewed and unexpected results. Use: Math.floor(Math.random()max+1) to get numbers between 1 and max. Homework: make a function to get numbers between min and max. Play around with these functions at: ThePenry.net Math.random() page. Knowledge is power. Power corrupts. You are now more corrupted. Comment No HTML Tags are permitted. Ravi Nov 7, 2014 thanks dude Bob Mar 28, 2013 I dispute the following: "To be perfectly random each number should appear the same number of times..." Random means there no way to predict the next event and not equal distribution. For instance, a coin flip is a random event. If you flip a fair coin 100 times & you get heads all 100 times (a highly unlikely but possible outcome) what are the odds of getting heads on toss #101? Your claim of equal distribution would mean that you would almost certainly get tails on toss #101 to start evening out the distribution. Whereas, the actual chance for getting heads on toss #101 is still 0.5. vincent piel Nov 24, 2012 the REAL fix : only floor the 'scaled' random(), not the initial value : in your example : 1+Math.floor(3Math.random()) general case is : firstIndex + ( Math.floor( ( lastIndex - firstIndex + 1 ) Math.random() ) nice anyway, because if your input is allready a 'float' number (expl : 5.4256) random between n and p (integers expl : between 4 and 10 ) and that you want to use it to find an array index you have to think about using ceil and +0,5. Dev Sharma Feb 25, 2011 its a good trick Julien de Prabère Feb 5, 2011 Hello Is really the value 1 exluded for Math.random() ? If not you should write : do {nbr = Math.floor(Math.random()max+1)} while (nbr==max+1); Anonymous Mar 17, 2011 The chance of this is really low. It's safe to assume it won't, even if it is implementation-dependent. The chance of the user misreading the number is probably greater, and they can just reload the page Julien de Prabère Aug 13, 2013 The value 1 is really excluded ! ECMA Syandard 5.1 Edition / June 2011 (extract) About Function Properties of the Math Object 15.8.2.14 random ( ) Returns a Number value with positive sign, greater than or equal to 0 but less than 1, chosen randomly or pseudo randomly with approximately uniform distribution over that range, using an implementation-dependent algorithm or strategy. This function takes no arguments. // To choose randomly an element in an array Array.prototype.randomChoice=function(){return this.splice(Math.floor(Math.random()this.length),1)} // A card game var i,arrObj=[],nbrObj=52,crrStr=''; for (i=0;i Comment ignored. Aegean BM Sep 6, 2010 A common task is get a random item from an array (list) such as a card from a deck. Using your formula above, and knowing that array.length is max+1, I use the following helper function often. It's nice in that it doesn't have to know the size of the list or even what the list holds; just go get one random item from the list. function getRandomItemFrom(list) { return list[Math.floor(Math.random()list.length)]; } [author] Sep 22, 2010 function getRandomItemFrom(list) { return list[Math.floor(Math.random()list.length-1)]; } Sky Writer	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
Pressure Exerted by the Liquid – Hydrostatics Pressure Exerted by the Liquid: The normal force exerted by a liquid per unit area of the surface in contact is called pressure of liquid or hydrostatic pressure. We are giving a detailed and clear sheet on all Physics Notes that are very useful to understand the Basic Physics Concepts. Pressure Exerted by the Liquid – Hydrostatics Pressure exerted by a liquid column, p = hρg where, h = height of liquid column, ρ = density of liquid g = acceleration due to gravity. Mean pressure on the walls of a vessel containing liquid upto height h is $\left(\frac{h ρ g}{2}\right)$. Variation of Pressure with Depth: Consider a fluid at rest having density ρ (roh) contained in a cylindrical vessel as shown in figure. Let the two points A and B separated by a vertical distance h. Pressure Exerted by Liquid The pressure p at depth below the surface of a liquid open is given by Pressure, p = pa + hpg where, ρ = density of liquid and g = acceleration due to gravity. Atmospheric Pressure: The pressure exerted by the atmosphere on earth is called atmospheric pressure. • It is equivalent to a weight of 10 tones on 1 m². • At sea level, atmospheric pressure is equal to 76 cm of mercury column. Then, atmospheric pressure = hdg = 76 x 13.6 x 980 dyne/cm² = 0.76 x 13.6 x 103 x 9.8 N/m² Thus, 1 atm = 1.013 x 105 Nm-2 (or Pa) The atmospheric pressure does not crush our body because the pressure of the blood flowing through our circulatory system is balanced by this pressure. Atmospheric pressure is also measured in torr and bar. 1 torr = 1 mm of mercury column 1 bar = 105 Pa • Aneroid barometer is used to measure atmospheric pressure. • Pressure measuring devices are open tube manometer, tyre pressure gauge, sphygmomanometer etc. Gauge Pressure: Gauge pressure at a point in a fluid is the difference of total pressure at that point and atmospheric pressure. Hydrostatic Paradox: The liquid pressure at a point is independent of the quantity of liquid but depends upon the depth of point below the liquid surface. This is known as hydrostatic paradox. Important Points Related with Fluid Pressure Important points related with fluid pressure are given below (i) At a point in the liquid column, the pressure applied on it is same in all directions. (ii) In a liquid, pressure will be same at all points at the same level. (iii) The pressure exerted by a liquid depends only on the height of fluid column and is independent of the shape of the containing vessel. Pressure Exerted by Liquid If hA = hB = hC, then pA = pB = pC (iv) Consider following shapes of vessels Pressure Exerted by Liquid Pressure at the base of each vessel Px = Py = Pz = P0 + ρgh but wx ≠ wy ≠ wz where, ρ = density of liquid in each vessel, h = height of liquid in each vessel and p0 = atmospheric pressure. (v) In the figure, a block of mass ‘m’ floats over a fluid surface Pressure Exerted by Liquid If ρ = density of the liquid A = area of the block Pressure at the base of the vessel in p = p0 + ρgh + $\frac{m g}{A}$ Hydrostatics: Hydrostatics is a property of liquid or fluid in mechanics. A fluid is a material which flows at room temperature, because its upper molecule overlaps the inner molecule, which tends to flow the liquid in forward direction. In hydrostatics, we will learn about the condition of fluids when it is in rest or exerted by an external force. Here we will study the fluids in motion. Properties of Fluids Thrust Pressure Pressure Exerted by Liquid Buoyant Force Pascal’s Law Archimedes’ Principle Law of Floatation Density Relative Density Density of a Mixture	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
Magnetic Exitations in Praseodymium Jens Christian Gylden Houmann, B. D. Rainford, J. Jensen, A. R. Mackintosh Research output: Contribution to journalJournal articleResearchpeer-review Abstract The magnetic excitations in a single crystal of dhcp Pr have been studied by inelastic neutron scattering. The excitations on the hexagonal sites, and their dependence on magnetic fields up to 43 kOe applied in the basal plane, have been analyzed in terms of a Hamiltonian in which exchange, crystal-field, and magnetoelastic interactions are included. The exchange is found to be strongly anisotropic, and this anisotropy is manifested directly in a splitting of most branches of the dispersion relations. By considering a variety of magnetic properties, we have been able to determine the crystal-field level scheme for the hexagonal sites fairly unambiguously. The first excited level is 3.5 meV above the ground state. The value of the magnetoelastic coupling deduced from the excitations is in good agreement with values obtained from other measurements. A field-dependent interaction with the phonons has been observed, and a pronounced broadening of the acoustic excitations of long wavelength is ascribed to the influence of the conduction electrons. The first excited state on the cubic ions is about 8.3 meV above the ground state. The corresponding excitations show a pronounced dispersion, but the exchange anisotropy is of less importance than for the hexagonal sites. Original languageEnglish JournalPhysical Review B Volume20 Issue number3 Pages (from-to)1105-1118 ISSN2469-9950 DOIs Publication statusPublished - 1979 Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Magnetic Exitations in Praseodymium'. Together they form a unique fingerprint. Cite this	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
Definition:Fork From ProofWiki Jump to navigation Jump to search Definition Let $T$ be a complete $\mathcal{L}$-theory. Let $\mathfrak{C}$ be a monster model for $T$. Let $A$ be a subset of the universe of $\mathfrak{C}$. Let $\pi (\bar{x}, \bar{b})$ be a set of $\mathcal{L}$-formulas with free variables $\bar{x}$ and parameters $\bar{b}$ from the universe of $\mathfrak{C}$. $\pi(\bar{x}, \bar{b})$ forks over $A$ if it implies some disjunction $\phi_1 (\bar x, \bar c_1) \vee \cdots \vee \phi_n (\bar x, \bar c_n)$ where each $\phi_i (\bar x, \bar c_i)$ divides over $A$. An individual formula $\phi (\bar x, \bar b)$ is said to fork if the singleton $\{\phi (\bar x, \bar b)\}$ forks. Note The advantage in discussing forking rather than dividing is in theorems like Formula and its Negation Cannot Both Cause Forking, which play a part in allowing us to extend non-forking types to complete non-forking types.	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
@article {Prodanovic:2011:1386-2073:55, title = "Ultrahigh Throughput Screening System for Directed Glucose Oxidase Evolution in Yeast Cells", journal = "Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening", parent_itemid = "infobike://ben/cchts", publishercode ="ben", year = "2011", volume = "14", number = "1", publication date ="2011-01-01T00:00:00", pages = "55-60", itemtype = "ARTICLE", issn = "1386-2073", url = "http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/ben/cchts/2011/00000014/00000001/art00008", keyword = "Horseradish, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, epPCR Library, emulsion, Applichem, Aspergillus niger, glucose oxidase, UV-VIS, Sigma-Aldrich Chemie, HRP, SDS PAGE, CoaTi screening technology, Escherichia coli, Directed evolution, MICCRA D-1 dispenser, NanoDrop photometer, high throughput screening, ethanol fluorescein tyramide 2 mM, Mutant GOx, Pichia pastoris, spectroscopy, Flow Cytometry Screening, CoaTi Screening", author = "Prodanovic, Radivoje and Ostafe, Raluca and Scacioc, Andreea and Schwaneberg, Ulrich", abstract = "A compartmentalized tyramide labeling system (CoaTi) employing flow cytometry for sorting of yeast cells was developed as ultrahigh throughput screening for Glucose oxidase (GOx) from Aspergillus niger. CoaTi combines in vitro compartmentalization technology with the CARD reporter system which uses fluorescein tyramide labels for detection of peroxidase activity. Physical connection between cells and fluorescein tyramide radicals was achieved by compartmentalization of yeast cells inside microdroplets of single water-in-oil emulsions. After reaction cells were recovered from single emulsions and sorted by flow cytometry, an error prone PCR mutant library of Glucose oxidase (GOx) containing 107 cells and 105 of different GOx variants was screened. Mutagenic conditions of GOx mutant library were selected to generate <1% of active GOx population in order to explore influence of high mutation frequency on GOx activity. GOx variant Mut12 that contains 5 mutations (N2Y, K13E, T30V, I94V, K152R) showed a 1.2 times decreased Km (22.0 vs 18.1 mM) and a 2.7 fold increased kcat (150 s-1 vs 54.8 s-1) compared to wt GOx. Compared to the employed parent B11 GOx (16 mM, 80 s-1) it has a slightly increased Km and 1.8 times increased kcat. ", }	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
Talk:2011 Groundhog Day Blizzard Merge request I unfortunately did not see this article and created a separate one here. Please consider incorporating the refs and merging the two article to either one of those titles. Thanks. ~ A H 1 (TCU) 03:01, 2 February 2011 (UTC) * This article was created first, but I believe winter storm may be the proper location. Other opinions welcome.--TonyTheTiger (T/C/BIO/WP:CHICAGO/WP:FOUR) 03:25, 2 February 2011 (UTC) * Tony is correct. This article was created first, and it was linked in the US Blizzards template (which is where I found it this afternoon). But, seeing as the other article is more extensive, and seeing as Abog has already gone ahead and cut-pasted all the info from the original, I don't see why the newer one shouldn't stand as the definitive version. I've already gone in and fixed the blizzard template to avoid any further additions. Now, if you'll excuse me, I have to go shovel out the front door for the fifth time in three hours. ;-) Ryecatcher773 (talk) 04:44, 2 February 2011 (UTC) Saw some photos from Oklahoma and I think blizzard is the correct word for this. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 04:51, 2 February 2011 (UTC) (from Finland) * One thing though -- although it may or may not be a blizzard for every locale (I haven't checked the weather reports for all the other regions outside of the one I live in, and wind and visibility are the key differentials grading a storm as a blizzard), it has been classified a blizzard in the Chicago and NW Indiana region,(see: http://forecast.weather.gov/wwamap/wwatxtget.php?cwa=lot&wwa=blizzard%20warning) according to the NOAA/NWS and virtually every other weather reporting service I've seen/heard (who get their info from the NOAA anyway). So the 'storm' part is sort of downgrading the reality of the situation. Ryecatcher773 (talk) 06:49, 2 February 2011 (UTC) * The National Guard's official website is referring to this storm as having blizzard conditions. It should remain listed on Wikipedia as a blizzard, as an official U.S. military website recognizes this storm as such. Bill S. (talk) 09:11, 2 February 2011 (UTC) Merge the blizzard article into the storm article. Same system, the blizzard is just a segment of it. TomCat4680 (talk) 08:05, 2 February 2011 (UTC) * The ice storm may be the most damaging part of this system. ~ A H 1 (TCU) 11:57, 2 February 2011 (UTC) I agree with TomCat4680 that we should merge the content into the "storm" article, but then I think we should move the article to the "blizzard" namespace. The blizzard is the main event; the storms come in its wake. -- Tea with toast (talk) 17:56, 2 February 2011 (UTC) Clever names Please review WP:NFT before adding any. Thank you. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:00, 2 February 2011 (UTC)	WIKI
Security update for freeciv This update for freeciv fixes the following issues: - update to 3.0.3 (boo#1202548, CVE-2022-6083): * 3.0.3 is a bugfix release * see https://freeciv.fandom.com/wiki/NEWS-3.0.3 - update to 3.0.2: * 3.0.2 is a generic bugfix release * see https://freeciv.fandom.com/wiki/NEWS-3.0.2 - update to 3.0.1: * 3.0.1 is a generic bugfix release * see https://freeciv.fandom.com/wiki/NEWS-3.0.1 - update to 3.0.0: * This release is a major upgrade which with some changes that can support backward compatible rulesets * see https://freeciv.fandom.com/wiki/NEWS-3.0.0#WHAT.27S_CHANGED_SINCE_2.6 - update to 2.6.6: * https://freeciv.fandom.com/wiki/NEWS-2.6.5 * 2.6.6 is a bugfix release. - update to 2.6.5: * https://freeciv.fandom.com/wiki/NEWS-2.6.5 * 2.6.5 is a bugfix release. Notably it fixes regression in 2.6.4 gtk3-client that present units in city dialog had no overlays drawn at all. - Update to 2.6.4: * Bugfix release, see https://freeciv.fandom.com/wiki/NEWS-2.6.4 - update to 2.6.3: * see http://www.freeciv.org/wiki/NEWS-2.6.3 * Fixed trouble when a new city is founded to the ruins of a former city, and that new city establish a trade route with a player who had seen former city, and is unaware that it had been destroyed HRM#871606 * Fixed a case where shared vision did not completely update recipient's map HRM#846106 * Fixed a bug where one could paradrop to peaceful nation's territory after continuing game from an old savegame HRM#879084 * Fixed a bug causing game sometimes to tell wrong reason of why an action failed HRM#879880 * Cease fire no longer runs out with an already dead player, making his former allies to hate the alive party of the treaty HRM#879055 * Made server not to end in a infinite loop after loading savegame with too high phase number. Such a savegame was reported to be created after spaceship was launched but game was still continued HRM#815196 * Unified writing of the city name Washington-on-the-Brazos between rulesets, so it doesn't appear multiple times in the same game in a bit different form HRM#867817 * Stealth units are no longer erroneously hidden even from allies HRM#764976 * Placing initial units is now done in shuffled player order HRM#850656 * Corrupt worker tasks are cleared. Those can originate, e.g., from buggy pre-2.6.2.1 Qt-client, and live in old savegames HRM#901938 * In a ruleset, such as civ2civ3, where caravans can help building wonder in a foreign city, refresh city info of the city owner when one does HRM#907977 * Display of success probabilities for diplomats was off when targeting stack of units instead of individual unit HRM#859761 * Fixed pillaging of extras that are caused by something else than player actions. For the fix to work, both server and client must be at least version 2.6.3 HRM#861508 * Civilian unit trying to paradrop to an enemy city dies HRM#870004 * Prevented dead player from getting techs via Tech_Parasite effect. This caused trouble in alien ruleset where Tech_Parasite is granted by a tech HRM#873692 * Improved support of CityTile requirement type HRM#877780 * Fixed trouble preventing Small Wonders from working as impr_reqs for units HRM#884993 * Corrected success probability shown by action dialog when it depends on a special kind of road HRM#897490 * The included Lua engine has been upgraded from 5.3.5 to 5.3.6. HRM#889425 - update to 2.6.2.1: * Fixed server crash when unit with zero move_rate is transformed * Fixed crashes when using Direction objects in lua scripts * Fixed crash when chatline text had opening tag without closing tag * Fixes to the Qt client * Updated translations * Fixed Qt-client build against Qt-5.15 (removes freeciv-qt-5.15.patch ) * Documentation updates Fixed bugs bnc#1202548 VUL-0: CVE-2022-6083: freeciv: Modpack Installer buffer overflow Selected Binaries openSUSE Build Service is sponsored by	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
The Cruise of the Snark/Chapter II "Spare no money," I said to Roscoe. "Let everything on the Snark be of the best. And never mind decoration. Plain pine boards is good enough finishing for me. But put the money into the construction. Let the Snark be as staunch and strong as any boat afloat. Never mind what it costs to make her staunch and strong; you see that she is made staunch and strong, and I'll go on writing and earning the money to pay for it." And I did. . . as well as I could; for the Snark ate up money faster than I could earn it. In fact, every little while I had to borrow money with which to supplement my earnings. Now I borrowed one thousand dollars, now I borrowed two thousand dollars, and now I borrowed five thousand dollars. And all the time I went on working every day and sinking the earnings in the venture. I worked Sundays as well, and I took no holidays. But it was worth it. Every time I thought of the Snark I knew she was worth it. For know, gentle reader, the staunchness of the Snark. She is forty-five feet long on the waterline. Her garboard strake is three inches thick; her planking two and one-half inches thick; her deck- planking two inches thick and in all her planking there are no butts. I know, for I ordered that planking especially from Puget Sound. Then the Snark has four water-tight compartments, which is to say that her length is broken by three water-tight bulkheads. Thus, no matter how large a leak the Snark may spring, Only one compartment can fill with water. The other three compartments will keep her afloat, anyway, and, besides, will enable us to mend the leak. There is another virtue in these bulkheads. The last compartment of all, in the very stern, contains six tanks that carry over one thousand gallons of gasolene. Now gasolene is a very dangerous article to carry in bulk on a small craft far out on the wide ocean. But when the six tanks that do not leak are themselves contained in a compartment hermetically sealed off from the rest of the boat, the danger will be seen to be very small indeed. The Snark is a sail-boat. She was built primarily to sail. But incidentally, as an auxiliary, a seventy-horse-power engine was installed. This is a good, strong engine. I ought to know. I paid for it to come out all the way from New York City. Then, on deck, above the engine, is a windlass. It is a magnificent affair. It weighs several hundred pounds and takes up no end of deck-room. You see, it is ridiculous to hoist up anchor by hand-power when there is a seventy-horse-power engine on board. So we installed the windlass, transmitting power to it from the engine by means of a gear and castings specially made in a San Francisco foundry. The Snark was made for comfort, and no expense was spared in this regard. There is the bath-room, for instance, small and compact, it is true, but containing all the conveniences of any bath-room upon land. The bath-room is a beautiful dream of schemes and devices, pumps, and levers, and sea-valves. Why, in the course of its building, I used to lie awake nights thinking about that bath-room. And next to the bathroom come the life-boat and the launch. They are carried on deck, and they take up what little space might have been left us for exercise. But then, they beat life insurance; and the prudent man, even if he has built as staunch and strong a craft as the Snark, will see to it that he has a good life-boat as well. And ours is a good one. It is a dandy. It was stipulated to cost one hundred and fifty dollars, and when I came to pay the bill, it turned out to be three hundred and ninety-five dollars. That shows how good a life-boat it is. I could go on at great length relating the various virtues and excellences of the Snark, but I refrain. I have bragged enough as it is, and I have bragged to a purpose, as will be seen before my tale is ended. And please remember its title, "The Inconceivable and Monstrous." It was planned that the Snark should sail on October 1, 1906. That she did not so sail was inconceivable and monstrous. There was no valid reason for not sailing except that she was not ready to sail, and there was no conceivable reason why she was not ready. She was promised on November first, on November fifteenth, on December first; and yet she was never ready. On December first Charmian and I left the sweet, clean Sonoma country and came down to live in the stifling city - but not for long, oh, no, only for two weeks, for we would sail on December fifteenth. And I guess we ought to know, for Roscoe said so, and it was on his advice that we came to the city to stay two weeks. Alas, the two weeks went by, four weeks went by, six weeks went by, eight weeks went by, and we were farther away from sailing than ever. Explain it? Who? - me? I can't. It is the one thing in all my life that I have backed down on. There is no explaining it; if there were, I'd do it. I, who am an artisan of speech, confess my inability to explain why the Snark was not ready. As I have said, and as I must repeat, it was inconceivable and monstrous. The eight weeks became sixteen weeks, and then, one day, Roscoe cheered us up by saying: "If we don't sail before April first, you can use my head for a football." Two weeks later he said, "I'm getting my head in training for that match." "Never mind," Charmian and I said to each other; "think of the wonderful boat it is going to be when it is completed." Whereat we would rehearse for our mutual encouragement the manifold virtues and excellences of the Snark. Also, I would borrow more money, and I would get down closer to my desk and write harder, and I refused heroically to take a Sunday off and go out into the hills with my friends. I was building a boat, and by the eternal it was going to be a boat, and a boat spelled out all in capitals - B - O - A - T; and no matter what it cost I didn't care. So long as it was a BOAT. And, oh, there is one other excellence of the Snark, upon which I must brag, namely, her bow. No sea could ever come over it. It laughs at the sea, that bow does; it challenges the sea; it snorts defiance at the sea. And withal it is a beautiful bow; the lines of it are dreamlike; I doubt if ever a boat was blessed with a more beautiful and at the same time a more capable bow. It was made to punch storms. To touch that bow is to rest one's hand on the cosmic nose of things. To look at it is to realize that expense cut no figure where it was concerned. And every time our sailing was delayed, or a new expense was tacked on, we thought of that wonderful bow and were content. The Snark is a small boat. When I figured seven thousand dollars as her generous cost, I was both generous and correct. I have built barns and houses, and I know the peculiar trait such things have of running past their estimated cost. This knowledge was mine, was already mine, when I estimated the probable cost of the building of the Snark at seven thousand dollars. Well, she cost thirty thousand. Now don't ask me, please. It is the truth. I signed the cheques and I raised the money. Of course there is no explaining it, inconceivable and monstrous is what it is, as you will agree, I know, ere my tale is done. Then there was the matter of delay. I dealt with forty-seven different kinds of union men and with one hundred and fifteen different firms. And not one union man and not one firm of all the union men and all the firms ever delivered anything at the time agreed upon, nor ever was on time for anything except pay-day and bill-collection. Men pledged me their immortal souls that they would deliver a certain thing on a certain date; as a rule, after such pledging, they rarely exceeded being three months late in delivery. And so it went, and Charmian and I consoled each other by saying what a splendid boat the Snark was, so staunch and strong; also, we would get into the small boat and row around the Snark, and gloat over her unbelievably wonderful bow. "Think," I would say to Charmian, "of a gale off the China coast, and of the Snark hove to, that splendid bow of hers driving into the storm. Not a drop will come over that bow. She'll be as dry as a feather, and we'll be all below playing whist while the gale howls." And Charmian would press my hand enthusiastically and exclaim: "It's worth every bit of it - the delay, and expense, and worry, and all the rest. Oh, what a truly wonderful boat!" Whenever I looked at the bow of the Snark or thought of her water- tight compartments, I was encouraged. Nobody else, however, was encouraged. My friends began to make bets against the various sailing dates of the Snark. Mr. Wiget, who was left behind in charge of our Sonoma ranch was the first to cash his bet. He collected on New Year's Day, 1907. After that the bets came fast and furious. My friends surrounded me like a gang of harpies, making bets against every sailing date I set. I was rash, and I was stubborn. I bet, and I bet, and I continued to bet; and I paid them all. Why, the women-kind of my friends grew so brave that those among them who never bet before began to bet with me. And I paid them, too. "Never mind," said Charmian to me; "just think of that bow and of being hove to on the China Seas." "You see," I said to my friends, when I paid the latest bunch of wagers, "neither trouble nor cash is being spared in making the Snark the most seaworthy craft that ever sailed out through the Golden Gate - that is what causes all the delay." In the meantime editors and publishers with whom I had contracts pestered me with demands for explanations. But how could I explain to them, when I was unable to explain to myself, or when there was nobody, not even Roscoe, to explain to me? The newspapers began to laugh at me, and to publish rhymes anent the Snark's departure with refrains like, "Not yet, but soon." And Charmian cheered me up by reminding me of the bow, and I went to a banker and borrowed five thousand more. There was one recompense for the delay, however. A friend of mine, who happens to be a critic, wrote a roast of me, of all I had done, and of all I ever was going to do; and he planned to have it published after I was out on the ocean. I was still on shore when it came out, and he has been busy explaining ever since. And the time continued to go by. One thing was becoming apparent, namely, that it was impossible to finish the Snark in San Francisco. She had been so long in the building that she was beginning to break down and wear out. In fact, she had reached the stage where she was breaking down faster than she could be repaired. She had become a joke. Nobody took her seriously; least of all the men who worked on her. I said we would sail just as she was and finish building her in Honolulu. Promptly she sprang a leak that had to be attended to before we could sail. I started her for the boat-ways. Before she got to them she was caught between two huge barges and received a vigorous crushing. We got her on the ways, and, part way along, the ways spread and dropped her through, stern-first, into the mud. It was a pretty tangle, a job for wreckers, not boat-builders. There are two high tides every twenty-four hours, and at every high tide, night and day, for a week, there were two steam tugs pulling and hauling on the Snark. There she was, stuck, fallen between the ways and standing on her stern. Next, and while still in that predicament, we started to use the gears and castings made in the local foundry whereby power was conveyed from the engine to the windlass. It was the first time we ever tried to use that windlass. The castings had flaws; they shattered asunder, the gears ground together, and the windlass was out of commission. Following upon that, the seventy-horse-power engine went out of commission. This engine came from New York; so did its bed-plate; there was a flaw in the bed-plate; there were a lot of flaws in the bed-plate; and the seventy-horse-power engine broke away from its shattered foundations, reared up in the air, smashed all connections and fastenings, and fell over on its side. And the Snark continued to stick between the spread ways, and the two tugs continued to haul vainly upon her. "Never mind," said Charmian, "think of what a staunch, strong boat she is." "Yes," said I, "and of that beautiful bow." So we took heart and went at it again. The ruined engine was lashed down on its rotten foundation; the smashed castings and cogs of the power transmission were taken down and stored away - all for the purpose of taking them to Honolulu where repairs and new castings could be made. Somewhere in the dim past the Snark had received on the outside one coat of white paint. The intention of the colour was still evident, however, when one got it in the right light. The Snark had never received any paint on the inside. On the contrary, she was coated inches thick with the grease and tobacco-juice of the multitudinous mechanics who had toiled upon her. Never mind, we said; the grease and filth could be planed off, and later, when we fetched Honolulu, the Snark could be painted at the same time as she was being rebuilt. By main strength and sweat we dragged the Snark off from the wrecked ways and laid her alongside the Oakland City Wharf. The drays brought all the outfit from home, the books and blankets and personal luggage. Along with this, everything else came on board in a torrent of confusion - wood and coal, water and water-tanks, vegetables, provisions, oil, the life-boat and the launch, all our friends, all the friends of our friends and those who claimed to be their friends, to say nothing of some of the friends of the friends of the friends of our crew. Also there were reporters, and photographers, and strangers, and cranks, and finally, and over all, clouds of coal-dust from the wharf. We were to sail Sunday at eleven, and Saturday afternoon had arrived. The crowd on the wharf and the coal-dust were thicker than ever. In one pocket I carried a cheque-book, a fountain-pen, a dater, and a blotter; in another pocket I carried between one and two thousand dollars in paper money and gold. I was ready for the creditors, cash for the small ones and cheques for the large ones, and was waiting only for Roscoe to arrive with the balances of the accounts of the hundred and fifteen firms who had delayed me so many months. And then - And then the inconceivable and monstrous happened once more. Before Roscoe could arrive there arrived another man. He was a United States marshal. He tacked a notice on the Snark's brave mast so that all on the wharf could read that the Snark had been libelled for debt. The marshal left a little old man in charge of the Snark, and himself went away. I had no longer any control of the Snark, nor of her wonderful bow. The little old man was now her lord and master, and I learned that I was paying him three dollars a day for being lord and master. Also, I learned the name of the man who had libelled the Snark. It was Sellers; the debt was two hundred and thirty-two dollars; and the deed was no more than was to be expected from the possessor of such a name. Sellers! Ye gods! Sellers! But who under the sun was Sellers? I looked in my cheque-book and saw that two weeks before I had made him out a cheque for five hundred dollars. Other cheque-books showed me that during the many months of the building of the Snark I had paid him several thousand dollars. Then why in the name of common decency hadn't he tried to collect his miserable little balance instead of libelling the Snark? I thrust my hands into my pockets, and in one pocket encountered the cheque-hook and the dater and the pen, and in the other pocket the gold money and the paper money. There was the wherewithal to settle his pitiful account a few score of times and over -why hadn't he given me a chance? There was no explanation; it was merely the inconceivable and monstrous. To make the matter worse, the Snark had been libelled late Saturday afternoon; and though I sent lawyers and agents all over Oakland and San Francisco, neither United States judge, nor United States marshal, nor Mr. Sellers, nor Mr. Sellers' attorney, nor anybody could be found. They were all out of town for the weekend. And so the Snark did not sail Sunday morning at eleven. The little old man was still in charge, and he said no. And Charmian and I walked out on an opposite wharf and took consolation in the Snark's wonderful bow and thought of all the gales and typhoons it would proudly punch. "A bourgeois trick," I said to Charmian, speaking of Mr. Sellers and his libel; "a petty trader's panic. But never mind; our troubles will cease when once we are away from this and out on the wide ocean." And in the end we sailed away, on Tuesday morning, April 23, 1907. We started rather lame, I confess. We had to hoist anchor by hand, because the power transmission was a wreck. Also, what remained of our seventy-horse-power engine was lashed down for ballast on the bottom of the Snark. But what of such things? They could be fixed in Honolulu, and in the meantime think of the magnificent rest of the boat! It is true, the engine in the launch wouldn't run, and the life-boat leaked like a sieve; but then they weren't the Snark; they were mere appurtenances. The things that counted were the water-tight bulkheads, the solid planking without butts, the bath-room devices - they were the Snark. And then there was, greatest of all, that noble, wind-punching bow. We sailed out through the Golden Gate and set our course south toward that part of the Pacific where we could hope to pick up with the north-east trades. And right away things began to happen. I had calculated that youth was the stuff for a voyage like that of the Snark, and I had taken three youths - the engineer, the cook, and the cabin-boy. My calculation was only two-thirds OFF; I had forgotten to calculate on seasick youth, and I had two of them, the cook and the cabin boy. They immediately took to their bunks, and that was the end of their usefulness for a week to come. It will be understood, from the foregoing, that we did not have the hot meals we might have had, nor were things kept clean and orderly down below. But it did not matter very much anyway, for we quickly discovered that our box of oranges had at some time been frozen; that our box of apples was mushy and spoiling; that the crate of cabbages, spoiled before it was ever delivered to us, had to go overboard instanter; that kerosene had been spilled on the carrots, and that the turnips were woody and the beets rotten, while the kindling was dead wood that wouldn't burn, and the coal, delivered in rotten potato-sacks, had spilled all over the deck and was washing through the scuppers. But what did it matter? Such things were mere accessories. There was the boat--she was all right, wasn't she? I strolled along the deck and in one minute counted fourteen butts in the beautiful planking ordered specially from Puget Sound in order that there should be no butts in it. Also, that deck leaked, and it leaked badly. It drowned Roscoe out of his bunk and ruined the tools in the engine-room, to say nothing of the provisions it ruined in the galley. Also, the sides of the Snark leaked, and the bottom leaked, and we had to pump her every day to keep her afloat. The floor of the galley is a couple of feet above the inside bottom of the Snark; and yet I have stood on the floor of the galley, trying to snatch a cold bite, and been wet to the knees by the water churning around inside four hours after the last pumping. Then those magnificent water-tight compartments that cost so much time and money - well, they weren't water-tight after all. The water moved free as the air from one compartment to another; furthermore, a strong smell of gasolene from the after compartment leads me to suspect that some one or more of the half-dozen tanks there stored have sprung a leak. The tanks leak, and they are not hermetically sealed in their compartment. Then there was the bath-room with its pumps and levers and sea-valves - it went out of commission inside the first twenty hours. Powerful iron levers broke off short in one's hand when one tried to pump with them. The bathroom was the swiftest wreck of any portion of the Snark. And the iron-work on the Snark, no matter what its source, proved to be mush. For instance, the bed-plate of the engine came from New York, and it was mush; so were the casting and gears for the windlass that came from San Francisco. And finally, there was the wrought iron used in the rigging, that carried away in all directions when the first strains were put upon it. Wrought iron, mind you, and it snapped like macaroni. A gooseneck on the gaff of the mainsail broke short off. We replaced it with the gooseneck from the gaff of the storm trysail, and the second gooseneck broke short off inside fifteen minutes of use, and, mind you, it had been taken from the gaff of the storm trysail, upon which we would have depended in time of storm. At the present moment the Snark trails her mainsail like a broken wing, the gooseneck being replaced by a rough lashing. We'll see if we can get honest iron in Honolulu. Man had betrayed us and sent us to sea in a sieve, but the Lord must have loved us, for we had calm weather in which to learn that we must pump every day in order to keep afloat, and that more trust could be placed in a wooden toothpick than in the most massive piece of iron to be found aboard. As the staunchness and the strength of the Snark went glimmering, Charmian and I pinned our faith more and more to the Snark's wonderful bow. There was nothing else left to pin to. It was all inconceivable and monstrous, we knew, but that bow, at least, was rational. And then, one evening, we started to heave to. How shall I describe it? First of all, for the benefit of the tyro, let me explain that heaving to is that sea manoeuvre which, by means of short and balanced canvas, compels a vessel to ride bow-on to wind and sea. When the wind is too strong, or the sea is too high, a vessel of the size of the Snark can heave to with ease, whereupon there is no more work to do on deck. Nobody needs to steer. The lookout is superfluous. All hands can go below and sleep or play whist. Well, it was blowing half of a small summer gale, when I told Roscoe we'd heave to. Night was coming on. I had been steering nearly all day, and all hands on deck (Roscoe and Bert and Charmian) were tired, while all hands below were seasick. It happened that we had already put two reefs in the big mainsail. The flying-jib and the jib were taken in, and a reef put in the fore-staysail. The mizzen was also taken in. About this time the flying jib-boom buried itself in a sea and broke short off. I started to put the wheel down in order to heave to. The Snark at the moment was rolling in the trough. She continued rolling in the trough. I put the spokes down harder and harder. She never budged from the trough. (The trough, gentle reader, is the most dangerous position all in which to lay a vessel.) I put the wheel hard down, and still the Snark rolled in the trough. Eight points was the nearest I could get her to the wind. I had Roscoe and Bert come in on the main-sheet. The Snark rolled on in the trough, now putting her rail under on one side and now under on the other side. Again the inconceivable and monstrous was showing its grizzly head. It was grotesque, impossible. I refused to believe it. Under double-reefed mainsail and single-reefed staysail the Snark refused to heave to. We flattened the mainsail down. It did not alter the Snark's course a tenth of a degree. We slacked the mainsail off with no more result. We set a storm trysail on the mizzen, and took in the mainsail. No change. The Snark roiled on in the trough. That beautiful bow of hers refused to come up and face the wind. Next we took in the reefed staysail. Thus, the only bit of canvas left on her was the storm trysail on the mizzen. If anything would bring her bow up to the wind, that would. Maybe you won't believe me when I say it failed, but I do say it failed. And I say it failed because I saw it fail, and not because I believe it failed. I don't believe it did fail. It is unbelievable, and I am not telling you what I believe; I am telling you what I saw. Now, gentle reader, what would you do if you were on a small boat, rolling in the trough of the sea, a trysail on that small boat's stern that was unable to swing the bow up into the wind? Get out the sea-anchor. It's just what we did. We had a patent one, made to order and warranted not to dive. Imagine a hoop of steel that serves to keep open the mouth of a large, conical, canvas bag, and you have a sea-anchor. Well, we made a line fast to the sea-anchor and to the bow of the Snark, and then dropped the sea-anchor overboard. It promptly dived. We had a tripping line on it, so we tripped the sea-anchor and hauled it in. We attached a big timber as a float, and dropped the sea-anchor over again. This time it floated. The line to the bow grew taut. The trysail on the mizzen tended to swing the bow into the wind, but, in spite of this tendency, the Snark calmly took that sea-anchor in her teeth, and went on ahead, dragging it after her, still in the trough of the sea. And there you are. We even took in the trysail, hoisted the full mizzen in its place, and hauled the full mizzen down flat, and the Snark wallowed in the trough and dragged the sea-anchor behind her. Don't believe me. I don't believe it myself. I am merely telling you what I saw. Now I leave it to you. Who ever heard of a sailing-boat that wouldn't heave to?--that wouldn't heave to with a sea-anchor to help it? Out of my brief experience with boats I know I never did. And I stood on deck and looked on the naked face of the inconceivable and monstrous--the Snark that wouldn't heave to. A stormy night with broken moonlight had come on. There was a splash of wet in the air, and up to windward there was a promise of rain-squalls; and then there was the trough of the sea, cold and cruel in the moonlight, in which the Snark complacently rolled. And then we took in the sea-anchor and the mizzen, hoisted the reefed staysail, ran the Snark off before it, and went below - not to the hot meal that should have awaited us, but to skate across the slush and slime on the cabin floor, where cook and cabin-boy lay like dead men in their bunks, and to lie down in our own bunks, with our clothes on ready for a call, and to listen to the bilge-water spouting knee-high on the galley floor. In the Bohemian Club of San Francisco there are some crack sailors. I know, because I heard them pass judgment on the Snark during the process of her building. They found only one vital thing the matter with her, and on this they were all agreed, namely, that she could not run. She was all right in every particular, they said, except that I'd never be able to run her before it in a stiff wind and sea. "Her lines," they explained enigmatically, "it is the fault of her lines. She simply cannot be made to run, that is all." Well, I wish I'd only had those crack sailors of the Bohemian Club on board the Snark the other night for them to see for themselves their one, vital, unanimous judgment absolutely reversed. Run? It is the one thing the Snark does to perfection. Run? She ran with a sea-anchor fast for'ard and a full mizzen flattened down aft. Run? At the present moment, as I write this, we are bowling along before it, at a six-knot clip, in the north-east trades. Quite a tidy bit of sea is running. There is nobody at the wheel, the wheel is not even lashed and is set over a half-spoke weather helm. To be precise, the wind is north-east; the Snark's mizzen is furled, her mainsail is over to starboard, her head-sheets are hauled flat: and the Snark's course is south-south-west. And yet there are men who have sailed the seas for forty years and who hold that no boat can run before it without being steered. They'll call me a liar when they read this; it's what they called Captain Slocum when he said the same of his Spray. As regards the future of the Snark I'm all at sea. I don't know. If I had the money or the credit, I'd build another Snark that WOULD heave to. But I am at the end of my resources. I've got to put up with the present Snark or quit - and I can't quit. So I guess I'll have to try to get along with heaving the Snark to stern first. I am waiting for the next gale to see how it will work. I think it can be done. It all depends on how her stern takes the seas. And who knows but that some wild morning on the China Sea, some gray-beard skipper will stare, rub his incredulous eyes and stare again, at the spectacle of a weird, small craft very much like the Snark, hove to stern-first and riding out the gale? P.S. On my return to California after the voyage, I learned that the Snark was forty-three feet on the water-line instead of forty-five. This was due to the fact that the builder was not on speaking terms with the tape-line or two-foot rule.	WIKI
Winter Vegetable Curry Recipe - NYT Cooking Fred R. Conrad/The New York Times There are lots of authentic vegetarian Indian dishes, but this hearty curry is more a seat-of-the-pants improvisation, actually based on a French technique. The recipe, however, may be used as a template for any number of variations. Make it with other winter vegetables, or change the combination to match the seasonal vegetables available throughout the year. Just don't forget to remove the whole chiles before eating. Featured in: A Stew Greater Than The Sum Of Its Parts. By David Tanis 30 minutes By David Tanis 30 minutes By David Tanis 20 minutes By David Tanis 1 hour By Molly O'Neill 1 hour 15 minutes By Julia Moskin 1 hour 40 minutes By Sarah Digregorio About 8 to 10 hours, plus overnight soaking By Clare De Boer 2 hours, plus overnight marinating Cooking Guide By Claire Saffitz Cooking Guide By Samin Nosrat Cooking Guide By Melissa Clark Cooking Guide By Melissa Clark NYT Cooking is a subscription service of The New York Times. It is a digital cookbook and cooking guide alike, available on all platforms, that helps home cooks of every level discover, save and organize the world's best recipes, while also helping them become better, more competent cooks. Subscribe now for full access.	NEWS-MULTISOURCE
Nobelprize.org Nobel Prizes and Laureates Nobel Prizes and Laureates The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1965 François Jacob, André Lwoff, Jacques Monod Share this: André Lwoff - Facts André Lwoff André Lwoff Born: 8 May 1902, Ainay-le-Château, France Died: 30 September 1994, Paris, France Affiliation at the time of the award: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France Prize motivation: "for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis" Field: genetics, molecular biology Prize share: 1/3 Work Bacteriophages are viruses that attach themselves to bacteria, emptying their genetic material into them. At times, many new phage are created quickly, while at other times, new phage are formed only several bacterial generations later. In the early 1950s André Lwoff successfully explained how this process, known as lysogeny, works. The bacteriophage's genes are incorporated into the bacteria's genetic material, but remain latent until a trigger factor causes new phage to be formed. André Lwoff also showed that ultraviolet light can be one such factor. Share this: To cite this page MLA style: "André Lwoff - Facts". Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB 2014. Web. 24 Feb 2017. <http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1965/lwoff-facts.html> Recommended:	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
Tritonville Road Tritonville Road, Sandymount, Dublin 4, is connected to Lansdowne Road by both Herbert Road and Newbridge Avenue. At its southern end, it meets Serpentine Avenue. The northern side of Tritonville road is considered to be part of Irishtown by the locals even though the postcode is Sandymount. The street takes its name from the Tritonville baths, established by the Cranfield family in the late 18th century; these were in turn named after the sea-god Triton. In Ulysses, the funeral of Paddy Dignam passes along here and continues on to Glasnevin Cemetery via Irishtown.	WIKI
Duple Caribbean The Duple Caribbean was design of a coach bodywork built by Duple between 1983 and 1986. It replaced the high-floor Goldliner variant of the long-running Duple Dominant range as Duple's premium coach body of the mid 1980s. Variants The original Caribbean was introduced in 1983 as Duple's upmarket / high-floor coach and was available on 12 metre long mid-engined DAF, Dennis, Leyland and Volvo chassis. At the time Duple was attempting to develop its own integral coach designs and a one-off rear-engined semi-integral Caribbean was built on Neoplan running gear as a prototype. The design bonded glazing which distinguished it from the contemporary low-floor Duple Laser (early examples of which had gasket glazing). Quad headlights and a narrow chrome grille were standard, although twin headlights and a wider grille (as used on the Duple Calypso) could be specified as an option. The bonded-glazed Calypso was similar in appearance to the Caribbean, but was closer in height to the Laser. At the end of 1984 the Caribbean range was given a facelift and renamed the Caribbean II. The main difference was a revised front with twin headlamps and plastic grille, shared with the contemporary Laser 2 (which gained bonded glazing at this time, becoming closer in appearance to the Caribbean II). Replacement At the end of 1985 the new Duple 320 and 340 were launched as replacements for the Laser and Caribbean ranges respectively. The remaining stock of Caribbean coaches entered service during 1986.	WIKI
Process Safety Essays Submitted By Saileshabhi1 Words: 7025 Pages: 29 Process Safety and Environmental Protection 9 0 ( 2 0 1 2 ) 108–120 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Process Safety and Environmental Protection journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/psep Large scale high pressure jet ﬁres involving natural gas and natural gas/hydrogen mixtures Barbara Joan Lowesmith ∗ , Geoffrey Hankinson Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK a b s t r a c t A series of six large scale high pressure jet ﬁres were conducted using natural gas and natural gas/hydrogen mixtures. Three tests involved natural gas and three involved a mixture of natural gas and hydrogen containing approximately 24% by volume hydrogen. For each fuel, the three tests involved horizontal releases from 20, 35 and 50 mm diameter holes at a gauge pressure of approximately 60 bar. During the experiments, the ﬂame length and the incident radiation ﬁeld produced around the ﬁre were measured. The ﬁres also engulfed a 1 m diameter horizontal pipe placed across the ﬂow direction and about halfway along the ﬂame. This pipe was instrumented to measure the heat ﬂuxes to the pipe. The data obtained is compared with previous data obtained for various hydrocarbons at large scale. © 2011 The Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Jet ﬁres; Large scale experiments; Natural gas/hydrogen mixtures; Heat loads 1. Background Hydrogen is seen as an important energy carrier for the future which offers carbon free emissions at the point of use. However, transition to the hydrogen economy is likely to be lengthy and will take considerable investment with major changes to the technologies required for the manufacture, transport and use of hydrogen. In order to facilitate the transition to the hydrogen economy, the EC funded project Naturalhy (NATURALHY, 2010) has studied the potential for the existing natural gas pipeline networks to transport hydrogen from manufacturing sites to hydrogen users. The hydrogen, introduced into the pipeline network, would mix with the natural gas. The end-user may then extract the hydrogen for use in fuel cell applications or burn the gas mixture directly within existing gas-ﬁred appliances, thereby reducing carbon emissions compared to natural gas. Using the existing pipeline network to convey hydrogen in this way would enable hydrogen production and hydrogen fuelled applications to become established prior to the development of a dedicated hydrogen transportation system, which would require considerable capital investment and time for construction. However, the existing gas pipeline networks are designed, constructed and operated based on the premise that natural gas is the material to be conveyed. Hydrogen has different chemical and physical properties which may adversely affect the integrity or durability of the pipeline network, or which may increase the risk presented to the public. For these reasons, the Naturalhy project (www.naturalhy.net) has assessed the feasibility and impact of introducing hydrogen into a natural gas pipeline system. Determining any change in risk to the public was a major part of this project. As part of the safety related work, the characteristics and consequences of ﬁres following a release of methane/hydrogen from high pressure transmission pipelines or above ground high pressure pipework have been studied by the conduct of large scale experiments and the development of associated mathematical models. In this paper, a programme of large scale high pressure jet ﬁres is reported. The key objective of the work was to provide experimental data on the characteristics of ﬁres which will assist in the development and validation of mathematical models which can be used to predict ﬁre hazards. 2. Introduction Failure of ﬁttings or small bore pipework, or mechanical tool impact on pipework or vessels of the high pressure gas infrastructure could give rise to a jet ﬁre. These ﬁres can persist	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
Gualdo, Marche Gualdo is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Macerata in the Italian region Marche, located about 90 km southwest of Ancona and about 50 km southwest of Macerata. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 924 and an area of 22.1 km2. Gualdo borders the following municipalities: Amandola, Penna San Giovanni, San Ginesio, Sant'Angelo in Pontano, Sarnano. Gualdo in the province of Macerata is situated at 652 m above sea level with panoramic views of the Sibillini Mountains. It is between the Salino and Tenonacola Rivers, where the first inhabitants fled in the fourth century from the barbarians invasions. The medieval castle of Gualdo belongs to the Bonifazi of Monte San Martino then to the Brunforte. After a brief period of peace feuds started with the Varano and then the Sforza. Parts of the castle walls and towers remain visible in the 21st century. Attractions The bell tower was built in the fourteenth century and was changed to a mechanical clock in 1850. Built by Pietro Mei of Montecarotto. It was restored in the 21st century. The parish church of San Savino was built with a Greek cross layout and a central dome. The church houses a Gonfalone del Rosario by Alessandro Ricci, and paintings depicting a Last Supper by Ubaldo Ricci and a Madonna with St Savino by Antonio Liozzi. Adjacent to the parish church is the centre for Romolo Muri (1870–1944), dedicated to the founder of the Christian Democratic Party. The library and archives are available to scholars and researchers, and for conferences and seminars. At the end of the avenue Vittorio Veneto is the church of the Madonna. It was once attached to a Franciscan convent, that now serves as nursing home. The 12th century Madonna delle Grazie is a Catholic Marian shrine.	WIKI
Cindy Strickland has been a teacher for more than 30 years and has worked with all ages. She has focused on many different things one of these being differentiated instruction. Strickland defines the term differentiated instruction as “shaking-up” the classroom so students have multiple options for taking in information, making sense of ideas and expressing what they learned. She also describes it as meeting kids where they are not where we wish them to be. Differentiation is classroom practice that looks eyeball to eyeball with the reality that kids differ, and the most effective teachers do whatever it takes to hook the whole range of kids on learning. It is very important to have differentiation in your classroom because you will encounter different students. Not everyone learns the same, some can learn by reading, some can learn by writing, some can learn by hearing and some can learn by doing. Some students even can learn in all of these ways. Most children now need to learn by doing, but you cannot only teach that way because those that struggle with it need to have it taught in a different form so they can understand and not fall behind. Differentiation doesn’t suggest that a teacher can be all things to all individuals all the time. It does, however, mandate that a teacher create a reasonable range of approaches to learning much of the time, so that most students find learning a fit much of the time. I have learned a lot from Cindy but the thing I can take away most is that differentiation has done away with stigmas about being different. Special needs students are no longer exceptions to the rule because everyone’s an exception. Students really seem to grasp and accept the premise that everyone has different learning needs, profiles, choices, levels of challenge. And that’s the real norm for them. I would use differentiation in my classroom as much as possible because not only are the students learning in their own ways it is how they will use it in their life as well. They will re teach it the way they understand it and if it is not correct then it will fall back on you. Me as the teacher is responsible for the students learning and to make sure they understand it correctly. It will also make for a more positive environment if the students all understand the same thing, just in their unique form of learning. Differentiation is not WHAT we teach, it is HOW we teach it. An example I could use in the classroom is the alphabet, how there are capital and lower case letters and how we use the letters in the alphabet to form words. Specific sounds correspond to certain letters in the alphabet, sounding them out is one way to show them, making a song out of it is another way. Skipping straight to reading is how some more advanced students learned. Telling the students it is important to know this	FINEWEB-EDU
Tarah Paige Tarah Paige Chellevold (born July 8, 1982) is an American gymnast, dancer and actress. Biography Daughter of Duane Chellevold and wife Hertha Jane Farmer and sister of Devon ... Chellevold, paternal granddaughter of Norman Chellewold then Chellevold (b. Wisconsin, son of Ole Chellewold (b. Norway, Sweden-Norway) and wife Dorthea Tangedahl then Dorothea Tangadal (b. Norway, Sweden-Norway)) and wife Helen Brown and maternal granddaughter of Arvel Lewis Farmer (son of Noah Lewis Farmer and wife Lelah/Lela Mae Brown and paternal grandson of H. G. Farmer and wife Mary ...) and wife Hertha Fredericka Hedwig Steiner (b. Missouri, daughter of Otto Steiner (b. Germany, son of parents b. Switzerland) and wife Emma Heideman (b. Germany, daughter of parents b. Germany)). She has played minor and supporting roles in various television shows and movies, including Malcolm in the Middle, A Cinderella Story, Stick It, Bring It On: All or Nothing, and The Summoning. As a gymnast, she won the bronze medal on the balance beam at 2001 Nationals. On the ABC Family Channel show Make It or Break It (2009–2012) Tarah worked as the gymnastics coordinator.	WIKI
RRC ID 4349 Author Hirabayashi M, Yoshizawa Y, Kato M, Tsuchiya T, Nagao S, Hochi S. Title Availability of subfertile transgenic rats expressing the c-myc gene as recipients for spermatogonial transplantation. Journal Transgenic Res Abstract The spermatogonial transplantation system was applied to evaluate stem cell kinetics and niche quality and to produce gene-modified animals using the stem cells after homologous recombination-based selection. This study was designed to determine whether the transplanted spermatogonia were able to proliferate and differentiate in male rats expressing the c-myc transgene under control of the human metallothionein IIA promoter (MT-myc Tg rats). Donor testicular cells were prepared from heterozygous chicken beta actin (CAG)/enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-transgenic rats (EGFP Tg rats) during the second week after birth and injected into the seminiferous tubules of the MT-myc Tg rats (line-A and -B; both subfertile) or rats pretreated with busulfan to remove endogenous spermatogonia. Three to four months after transplantation, cell colonies with EGFP fluorescence were detected in 36% (4/11), 40% (8/20), and 71% (5/7) of the transplanted testes in line-A MT-myc Tg rats, line-B MT-myc Tg rats, and busulfan-treated rats, respectively. No EGFP-positive colonies were detected when wild-type male rats were used as recipients (0/7; testis-basis). The histopathological and immunofluorescent examination of the serial sections from the transplanted testes showed normal spermatogenesis of the donor spermatogonia, but atrophy of the recipient seminiferous tubules. Microinsemination with round spermatids and mature spermatozoa derived from EGFP-positive testes in line-A rats resulted 26% (10/39 transferred) and 23% (11/48 transferred) full-term offspring, respectively. Thus, the MT-myc Tg male rats were suitable as potent recipients for spermatogonial transplantation without any chemical pretreatment to remove the endogenous spermatogonia. Volume 18(1) Pages 135-41 Published 2009-2-1 DOI 10.1007/s11248-008-9219-y PMID 18830680 MeSH Animals Busulfan / pharmacology Cell Differentiation Fluorescent Antibody Technique Genes, myc / physiology* Green Fluorescent Proteins / genetics Immunosuppressive Agents / pharmacology Infertility, Male / genetics Infertility, Male / metabolism* Male Metallothionein / genetics Promoter Regions, Genetic / genetics Rats Rats, Transgenic Rats, Wistar Seminiferous Tubules / transplantation* Spermatogonia / transplantation* Stem Cells / cytology Stem Cells / physiology IF 1.856 Times Cited 1 WOS Category BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Resource Rats W-Tg(MT2A-Myc)1Ys(strainID=923) W-Tg(MT2A-Myc)2Ys(strainID=922)	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
Alexander Croke Sir Alexander Croke (July 22, 1758 – December 27, 1842) was a British judge, colonial administrator and author influential in Nova Scotia of the early nineteenth century. Life Croke was born in Aylesbury, England, to a wealthy family and attended Oriel College, Oxford, where he earned the degree of Doctor of Civil Law. He was called to the bar in 1786. Practicing maritime law, he earned a strong enough reputation for his work that in 1801 he was offered his choice of appointments to the newly established vice-admiralty courts in Nova Scotia or the West Indies. He married Alice Blake in 1796. Career Croke's bench in Nova Scotia had considerable jurisdiction: it covered all maritime cases in a colony based largely on fishing and where smuggling was commonplace. Since the population and the Assembly was highly sympathetic to smuggling, the court, which denied jury trials to the accused was unpopular. During the War of 1812, the ever-conservative Croke even found guilty merchants who had been granted licences by colonial authorities to engage in the slave trade with New England, on the grounds that he could not support an illegal policy. His appointment to the Nova Scotia Council in 1802 gave him seniority over the other councilors, contrary to the established order. As the senior councilor, Croke administered the colony while the lieutenant governor was away, from December 6, 1808, to April 15, 1809, and again from August 25 to October 16, 1811. His administration was marked with conflict with the Assembly, whose budget he vetoed. Croke influenced the development of educational institutions in Nova Scotia. He was on the first board of King's College and was primarily responsible for drafting its statutes, which required students to subscribe to the Anglican faith (as only a quarter of Nova Scotians did). When a strong movement to establish inter-denominational education appeared a few years later, Croke was among its most vocal opponents. Croke published works of satirical poetry (which exacerbated his unpopularity in certain circles), a book on the genealogy of his family, and many letters. He left Nova Scotia in 1815 and was knighted on July 5, 1816. He died in 1842 at his family home Studley Priory, Oxfordshire.	WIKI
Harmony, Maryland Harmony is an unincorporated community in Caroline County, Maryland, United States. It is little more than an intersection of state Routes 16 and 578 on Maryland's Eastern Shore. Its original name was Fowling Creek, named after a stream nearby that is a tributary of the Choptank River. Harmony was the scene of a murder in 1895. There is a small country store with one gas pump, a church, a local produce stand, and farmland. While many of the farmers in the area are of German descent as can be seen in last names such as Mueller, Kraus, Thomas, Steenken, and Worm; they settled after the Civil War, filling the void of the men lost in the war. The older families of Towers, Todd, and Wyddel were the original settlers who came from England in the early eighteenth century, as can be confirmed from the original patents granted to them one of which is Wyddels Venture, the oldest century farm in the county. These names can be seen on the 1875 Map of Caroline County. The soil is sandy and requires irrigation. There are many cash crops grown such as sweet corn, cantaloupes, tomatoes and squash. Some farms also have chicken houses as a second means of income.	WIKI
Abagail Adams wrote a letter to her son, John Adams, who is traveling abroad with his father. Abigail Adams, who was a women back then during the Revolutionary War, didn’t have much political rights. Adams was huge in politics and so was her son, second president of the United States. Adam's uses rhetorical devices to advice her son that he is the only person that can control his future and he must know how to pull through difficulty when it's being tested. To advice her son about this, she uses many rhetorical strategies. In this letter, it talks about John Quincy Adams in his journey to becoming president. His mother Abigail Adams personally writes this letter to him whiles he's on his trip with his father. Abigail Adams wrote this letter employing pathos, asking rhetorical questions and presenting personal comparisons to extend the idea of following his fathers footsteps in becoming president of the U.S. Adams changes her sons attitude by speaking in to him and appealing to pathos, identifying with him on a personal level. "It will be expected of you my son that as you..." By using "my son" Adams presents a motherly tone of concern to grab his attention. She's using her place of authority against him, because just like every child, our mothers come off as the mama bear and give us a sense of protection. Roosevelt and Jackson both stretched the power of the presidency in ways that were never envisioned by the framers of the constitution. Andrew Jackson rose to the office in an unprecedented way, unlike all his predecessors Jackson did not work in national politics and had very little experience with the legislative branch of government. Andrew Jackson instead rose to the national spotlight as the hero of the Battle of New Orleans in the War of 1812. Jackson’s status as a national hero combined with his self-made man image helped him establish a connection with the American people in a way no other president had previously done. Andrew Jackson was elected after political reforms in the 1830s that changed Name of this Assyrian king, Sargon, means “legitimate king,” and indicates that he may have been a usurper who used such a title to make people think he deserved the throne. Though Sargon II had his share of military successes, he was continually pressed on all fronts by those nations who coveted Assyria’s territory and her tribute-paying vassal states. Sargon had developed a new capital city for himself at a place he called Dur-Sharrukin (“Sargon’s Fortress”). The palace was completed a year before Sargon died in battle, but later kings preferred to rule from Nineveh, so it was never used thereafter as a royal The Similarities and Differences of Simba and Hamlet Did you ever think Disney would put their own twist on a Shakespearean play? Disney’s, The Lion King, is, to a certain degree, the children’s version of Shakespeare’s play, Hamlet. Both stories have a young prince who is next in line for the throne, that loses his father early in his childhood, caused by his uncle--who later becomes king, and both must fight in order exploit their uncle’s aberration in order to make their kingdom great again by conforming to the throne. While The Lion King and Hamlet are similar in which both Hamlet and Simba are next in line for the throne, the outcomes are a completely different story. Simba and Hamlet share a comparable history, and one of the traits Oedipus is defined as Latinized form of the Greek Οιδιπους (Oidipous), meaning "swollen foot" from (oideo) "to swell" and πους (pous) "foot". In Greek legend Oedipus was the son of Laius and Jocasta. He unwittingly slew his father and married his mother. Oedipus was a great king but the Sphinx riddle was a perfect analogy of Oedipus’s life and this is evident through the plot events. Firstly there is three parts of the sphinx riddle, and the first part of the riddle was “What is the creature that walks on four legs in the morning…” this riddle was first mentioned in the story when Oedipus wanted to pass through the gates of Thebsis but was stopped by the sphinx. The story we heard from the first reading from the first book of Kings, was about, on one hand, Naboth and his vineyard, and on the other, King Ahab and his wife, Jezebel. While its setting is from a very very long time ago, even before the time of Christ, the whole event seems remarkably current. And I am not just talking about recent movies where the two main characters oppose each other, like Batman v Superman, or Captain America versus Iron Man in Civil War. Our story today, Naboth versus King Ahab, is really about timeless things – of discontent and greed, and fighting for what is right and for one’s rights, of corruption, and the struggle against injustice and oppression. As such, there is plenty for us to consider, and to wonder about, and to reflect on. When people think of a hero, a tall buff male with supernatural strength who beats up villains comes to mind. But not all heroes are like that. Superman, Mahatma Gandhi, Veronika Scott, and Ponyboy Curtis are all heroes. Superman is the only hero that fits that category. Superman is an archetypical hero, a hero in books and movies that fights villains with supernatural powers. The theory and question for war is serious, because the phrase war does not show a lot about any specific fiction. After all, war, specifically the Trojan War can be to show an amazing wide range of the different stories crazy adventures, fairy tales, funny comedy, historical journeys, various styles of, romance, and so forth. War is made up of a lot of different stories. You might expect that it include so many narrative stories. Homers contributions to Greek mythology is displayed by his work. Mahabharat presents the story of the throne of Hastinapur, the kingdom ruled by the Kuru clan where Kauravas and the Pandavas brothers compete for rulership. Both Duryodhan and Yudhisthir claim to be first in line to inherit the throne. When Bhishma asked for Gandhari 's hand in marriage for his blind nephew Dhritarashtra, her brother Shakuni got furious. But he later agreed when Bhishma persuaded them that Dhritrashtra would be the future king of Hastinapur. During the Coronation Ceremony; Dhritrashtra’s younger brother Pandu was made the king with the high interfluence of Vidura(Dhritrashtra’s another younger brother). Prince was the illegitimate child of Lloyd 's father, Prince’s mother actually meant to name him Alexander but, when she wrote his name on his birth certificate she wrote Prince Alexander Mcleay Eriksen, putting his title in the first name slot on accident. So officially Prince’s title is Prince. Prince, even if he has no claim to the throne unless Lloyd and his sisters die. Prince most definitely took more after their father in terms of looks, he had a diamond face shape, piercing fire red eyes, permanently eighteen physical body, and white hair; Lloyd hadn’t known his half brother was an Evilan and is not sure what to think about that, after all, all of King Frederick 's children have turned out to be Evilans even though the man himself These different aspects of her life can be seen at several point in the book such as at the outset of book two she speaks about her arranged marriage her father commits her to the arranged marriage Before I was twelve years old I was betrothed and the betrothal lasted two years. , so at the age of 14 Gluckel was married to her first husband. This demonstrates that she was raised in a similar fashion to many women of the seventeenth century. This practice of arranged marriages was not uncommon common to the time period leaving no choice of marital partners to the women and also how women in general were viewed throughout society. The difference that we do see though is that this arranged marriage is accomplished at quite a young age Germany at this point in time is predominantly Christian and it would abnormal for them to take their marriage vows before the age of Out of the many presidents we 've had, the one that sticks out the most as strong is George Washington. Although Abraham Lincoln and Thomas Jefferson had some respectful feats, they are small in regard to George Washington 's accomplishments. George Washington went through many hardships and tough tests in his lifetime. He has shown his strength by responding to these tests with courage and leadership. George Washington 's first notable feat was being elected as general in the Revolutionary War. One of the first, but one of the most important parts of the story that the memoir denotes is the truth behind Sally Heming’s children. It is evident in the novel that Thomas Jefferson indeed fathered all of Sally Heming’s children. Confirming this the memoir reads, “But during that time my mother became Mr. Jefferson’s concubine, and when he was called home she was enceinte by him” (Hemmings 3). When the novel was first introduced, many critics said that the book provided no factual evidence, but the memoir confirms Riboud’s statement and story that the children were in fact a product of President Jefferson. It is obvious that Madison Heming’s fact is true for two main reasons. How does a historical figure from the 1700’s have his name on biographies, hip hop tracks, and “The Federalist Papers”? Alexander Hamilton may not have written his own biography or hip hop/musical theatre albums about himself, but he will always be remembered as a phenomenal writer. He wrote his way out of poverty. He wrote down his oppositions of Britain’s governing of the colonies. He impressed George Washington so much with, not just his combat skills, but, his skills with the pen that he made Hamilton his writing correspondent during the American Revolution war.	FINEWEB-EDU
Trust no one After watching that documentary, I can’t help but to think how stupid some people are… I feel bad for those who bought bitcoins as investments and lost it, there is no way to foresee that coming especially during those years. At the same time though, I don’t feel bad for some of those victims the documentaries showed. I mean quitting your jobs, taking out a loan to buy bitcoin at it’s all time high, and transferring money through a medium you never actually used? Sorry that was not unlucky, that was stupidity. When you are your own bank, you sign up for those risk. Sure it sucks your money was stolen and that is bad for the crypto as a whole but you are also the one stupid enough to put your whole life savings into something you don’t even actually know. Just a rant, you realize some people really should just leave money in savings or 401k, they are too irresponsible to do anything else with it. Edit: The title of this post is the name of the documentary I was referring to. It is called Trust no one and it’s currently streaming on Netflix. I thought this documentary was more popular, my mistake for assuming that.	NEWS-MULTISOURCE
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Radio Skutnik The result was redirect to WRSI. MBisanz talk 00:56, 29 November 2012 (UTC) Radio Skutnik * – ( View AfD View log Stats ) Couldn't find any coverage on web or in news archives. I don't know what else to say, it really seems like there is nothing out there for this topic. Fails WP:GNG. MisterUnit (talk) 18:00, 12 November 2012 (UTC) * delete A visit to the article on one of the two radio stations involved in this shows that this article is extremely misleading. Ed Skutnik made a series of shell corporations for these stations; this is but one of them. Skutnik's article redirects here, but if anything it is he who should have the article. I cannot however finds any evidence for his independent notability. Mangoe (talk) 18:43, 12 November 2012 (UTC) * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Radio-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 17:06, 13 November 2012 (UTC) * Note: This debate has been included in the list of Business-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 17:06, 13 November 2012 (UTC) * Delete after I've done some cleanup and conducted a thorough search for reliable sources. This is a short-lived company that held the licenses of two radio stations for a few years. It would make a good paragraph in an Ed Skutnik article but that link redirects to the company article, leaving no obvious merge target. - Dravecky (talk) 02:56, 17 November 2012 (UTC) * Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion so a clearer consensus may be reached. * Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, MBisanz talk 00:02, 20 November 2012 (UTC) * Delete per Mangoe. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 01:21, 20 November 2012 (UTC) * Redirect to WRSI - Considering the company only owned two stations in small Massachusetts towns, it's not surprising there are few sources. However, Google Books found one result here (last result at the bottom) and here (first result at the top) both directories for WIZZ. My own search provided this brief mention and this 1996 news article (the relevant section is at the far bottom) announcing the purchase of WRSI and WIZZ by another company but if you notice, it's a duplicate of the article's current reference. Radio stations rarely receive attention regarding their history much less sometimes for their parent company (the exception is a large corporation like CBS or Clear Channel). SwisterTwister talk 08:09, 20 November 2012 (UTC)	WIKI
-- Debt Markets Can Finance Potential Buyout of Dell, Barclays Says Debt markets can support the $15 billion of loans and bonds needed to back a potential buyout of Dell Inc. (DELL) , according to Barclays Plc. The capacity of the loan market to support larger leveraged buyouts is increasing, with almost $100 billion of the debt being used to fund mergers and acquisitions last year, the bank said today in a research report. The level is comparable with 2005, when the buyout boom was beginning, according to the report. Credit markets can finance large deals due to the return of collateralized loan obligations, which fueled the rise of LBOs in 2005-2007, according to Barclays. Since the 2008 financial crisis, the debt markets have shown an ability to provide about $10 billion of funding, including $5 billion to $7 billion of bonds and $3 billion to $4 billion of loans, the bank said. “While the rise in average deal size is a positive for strategic activity, the primary issue for Dell, and for other potential LBO candidates, is the market’s maximum capacity to absorb a large loan offering from a single issuer,” credit strategists led by Bradley Rogoff wrote in the report. “Today’s market is sufficiently pliable to absorb Dell and perhaps a small number of other similarly sized deals this year.” A group including Michael Dell and private-equity firm Silver Lake Management LLC is in talks with banks to purchase the Round Rock , Texas-based company in a leveraged buyout, people with knowledge of the matter said this week. Technology Deals The takeover, based on market value, could be the largest buyout of a technology company since 2007, when KKR & Co. bought First Data Corp. for more than $25 billion, according to data compiled by Bloomberg. Dell, the third-largest maker of personal computers, has a market capitalization of about $22.5 billion, according to data compiled by Bloomberg. The return of big LBOs, last seen before the 2008 financial crisis, is delayed in part by the reluctance of private-equity firms to invest large sums in deals, Barclays said in the research report. Banks may be hindered from making sizable lending commitments because of increased focus on improving their balance sheets due to more regulations, according to the report. “We still expect the more cautious macro environment and changing regulatory landscape to prevent a ramp-up from being as steep this time around,” the Barclays strategists wrote. Banks arranged $637 billion of U.S. leveraged loans last year, compared with a record $892 billion in 2007, Bloomberg data show. CLO issuance also peaked in 2007, pooling about $105 billion to invest in junk-grade loans, according to Wells Fargo & Co ., which estimates that as much as $80 billion could be raised this year. That would surpass the $55 billion of new CLOs in 2012, which topped the bank’s original forecast for just $12 billion in 2012. The loan funds are a type of collateralized debt obligation that pool high-yield loans and slice them into securities of varying risk and returns. Leveraged-loans are a form of junk debt rated below Baa3 by Moody’s Investors Service and lower than BBB- at Standard & Poor’s . To contact the reporter on this story: Christine Idzelis in New York at cidzelis@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story: Faris Khan at fkhan33@bloomberg.net	NEWS-MULTISOURCE
Posts Tagged ‘backslash’ After Effects: Fullscreen Preview If you actually bother preemptively reading your software documentation, you may have already known this, but this is a huge time-saver over having to render test movies for my HDTV. At work, I'm using a 27" 1080p monitor/television as my secondary monitor. We use a model that has a similar color profile for presentations, so using this screen as a preview screen is essential. Otherwise, we'd have to keep our presentation displays unpacked and hooked up to a computer, transfer files, and so on. I won't get into (more) details, but suffice to say it would be a royal pain. You can stretch to the edges, but there's still a border. Even with this setup, I've been rendering drafts to an mp4 file and running a video player fullscreen on the HDTV (which matches the production environment). This is still a step I'd rather not have to do, so finally today I did some searching. 'Lo, and behold! There is a way. According to Adobe documentation, Ctrl+\ (+\ on Mac) does the following: Resize application window or floating window to fit screen. (Press again to resize window so that contents fill the screen.) Since my composition window is on the second monitor already, I pressed Ctrl+\ twice. Ah, fullscreen goodness. Bonus Off-Topic Chatter The slashes in a URL are just that, slashes. They are technically forward-slashes, but we just call them slashes. There are no backslashes in URLs. Right: "http-colon-slash-slash-homestarrunner-dot-com-slash-404d" Wrong: "goatse-dot-cx-backslash-mfw" See also: xkcd Comments	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
Richard Moran (canoeist) Richard Moran (November 22, 1932 – June 14, 1989) was an American sprint canoer who competed in the late 1950s and the early 1960s. At the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, he was eliminated in the heats of the C-2 1000 m event. Four years later in Rome, Moran was disqualified in the repechage round of the C-2 1000 m event.	WIKI
OFFICE OF THE GOVERNOR, Petitioner v. Mark SCOLFORO, Respondent. Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania. Argued Feb. 13, 2013. Decided April 23, 2013. Jarad W. Handelman, Executive Deputy General Counsel, Harrisburg, for petitioner. Gayle C. Sproul and Paul J. Safer, Philadelphia, for respondent. Dena Lefkowitz, Senior Attorney, Harrisburg, for Intervenor Office of Open Records. BEFORE: PELLEGRINI, President Judge, and COHN JUBELIRER, Judge, and SIMPSON, Judge, and LEAVITT, Judge, and BROBSON, Judge, and McCULLOUGH, Judge, and COVEY, Judge. OPINION BY Judge COHN JUBELIRER. The Office of the Governor (Governor’s Office) petitions for review of the Final Determination of the Office of Open Records (OOR) granting access to the Governor’s schedule from January 18, 2011 to February 4, 2011 (Calendars), without re-dactions, as requested by Mark Scolforo (Requestor) pursuant to the Right-to-Know Law (RTKL). The Governor’s Office asserts it properly redacted entries on the Calendars, such as the subject of internal meetings, pursuant to Section 708(b)(10) of the RTKL, 65 P.S. § 67.708(b)(10) (the predecisional deliberative exception), and the deliberative process privilege., Requestor submitted a request, pursuant to the RTKL, to the Governor’s Office for the Governor’s Calendars and Emails. (Right-to-Know Request (Request), R.R. at 6a.) Specifically, Requestor sought “copies of Gov. Tom Corbett’s schedule from inauguration day until the date when this request is fulfilled” and “all emails sent by the [Governor since Jan. 18, 2011” (Emails). (Request, R.R. at 6a.) After invoking a 30-day extension, the Governor’s Office granted, in part, and denied, in part, the Request. The Governor’s Office provided some records it deemed responsive to the Request at no charge, but withheld what it deemed “non-public information.” (Right>-to-Know Response (Response) at 1-2, R.R. at 8a-9a.) The Governor’s Office explained that it redacted one personal telephone number from the produced Emails pursuant to Section 708(b)(6)(i) of the RTKL, 65 P.S. § 67.708(b)(6)(i), as personal identification information. (Response at 1, R.R. at 8a.) The Governor’s Office further explained that it did not produce “E-mails that reflected internal predecisional deliberations” pursuant to Section 708(b)(10) of the RTKL and the executive and deliberative privileges. (Response at 1, R.R. at 8a.) Finally, the Governor’s Office redacted from the Calendars any information that: (1) reflected internal predecisional deliberations pursuant to [Section 708(b)(10) ] and the executive privilege and deliberative privilege!,] [Sections 102 and 305(a),] 65 P.S. §§ 67.102, [67.]305(a), such as the subject of meetings; (2) is exempt under the personal security exemption, [Section 708(b)(l)(ii) ], 65 P.S. § 67.708(b)(l)(ii), such as the location of the Governor’s travel lodging or travel patterns; (3) is exempt as a personal telephone number, [pursuant to Section 708(b)(6)(i) ], 65 P.S. § 67.708(b)(6)(i); and (4)is not a record of the agency, such as personal^] social or medical appointments. (Response at 1-2, R.R. at 8 a-9 a.) Overall, the Governor’s Office withheld 17 Emails in their entirety, redacted a telephone number from one Email, and redacted 28 entries on the Calendars. (Final Determination at 8, R.R. at 116a.) The Governor’s Office did not redact from the Calendars the names of individuals who attended the meetings, or the dates, times and places of the meetings. Requestor appealed to the OOR, challenging the application of the stated exceptions and privileges to the Request. (OOR Appeal at 1-2, R.R. at 37a-38a.) The OOR permitted both parties to supplement the record. The Governor’s Office submitted notarized affidavits signed by Open Records Officer Michael Downing and Corporal Bruce George of the Pennsylvania State Police to support the grounds set forth in its Response, along with exemption indices related to all records redacted or withheld. (Governor’s Office Letter (March 23, 2011), R.R. at 70a-93a.) The affidavits accompanied the Governor’s Deputy General Counsel’s position statement outlining the asserted exceptions. (Governor’s Office Letter (March 23, 2011) at 1-7 and Appendices B and C, R.R. at 70a-76a, 88a-93a.) Therein, the Governor’s Office requested a hearing should the OOR need any additional information. (Governor’s Office Letter (March 23, 2011) at 7, R.R. at 76a.) The OOR denied the Request on April 11, 2011, stating it could not hold a hearing based on “a finding that sufficient evidence was not supplied.” (Final Determination at 3, R.R. at 111 a (internal citation omitted).) The OOR issued its Final Determination denying the appeal in regards to the Emails and granting access, without redactions pursuant to Section 708(b)(10), to the Calendars. (Final Determination at 1-13, R.R. at 109a-21 a.) Without considering the Affidavit of Open Records Officer Michael Downing (Affidavit), the OOR determined that the Governor’s Office could not redact the subject matter of internal meetings for discussion on the Calendars under the predecisional deliberative exception in Section 708(b)(10) of the RTKL. (Final Determination at 8-10, R.R. at 116a-18a.) Specifically, the OOR held as a matter of law that: the factual topic of a meeting with the Governor is facially not “deliberative” in character as such a notation does not, in itself, reveal the actual deliberations. While deliberations themselves may be protected, a record showing when such deliberations are scheduled are not protected under [Section 708(b)(10) ]. This holding comports with the underlying purpose of the RTKL “to promote access to official government information in order to prohibit secrets, scrutinize the actions of public officials and make public officials accountable for their actions.” Bowling [v. Office of Open Records, 990 A.2d 813,] 824 [ (Pa.Cmwlth.2010) (en banc), petition for allowance of appeal granted in part, 609 Pa. 265, 15 A.3d 427 (2011)]. The OOR finds that the general topics discussed by an elected public official in the course of fulfilling his or her public responsibilities are the type of information that the General Assembly intended to be subject to public access. While the deliberations themselves may be withheld under [Section 708(b)(10) ], this narrow exemption does not extend to shield the subject matter of scheduled discussions from public release. (Final Determination at 9-10, R.R. at 117a-18a.) Finally, the OOR determined that the executive privilege did not apply “to prevent access to the responsive [C]al-endar entries.” (Final Determination at 12, R.R. at 120a.) The OOR, thus, directed the Governor’s Office to provide the requested Calendars without redaction of all the information withheld on the basis of Section 708(b)(10) and/or privilege. (Final Determination at 13, R.R. at 121a.) The Governor’s Office timely filed a Petition for Review with this Court. In support of this appeal, the Governor’s Office argues that the OOR erred by holding, as a matter of law, that it is not possible for the subject matter of meetings on the Governor’s Calendars to reflect pre-decisional deliberations under Section 708(b)(10). The Governor’s Office argues that the subject matter of internal meetings on the Calendars are records that reflect internal predecisional deliberations; therefore, this information is exempt from disclosure pursuant to Section 708(b)(10) of the RTKL and the deliberative process privilege pursuant to Section 102 of the RTKL. The Governor’s Office contends further that the OOR erred by determining that the factual topic of a meeting is facially not deliberative in character because notations showing when an event is scheduled cannot, in itself, reveal the actual deliberations. (Governor’s Office Br. at 12.) The Governor’s Office emphasizes that the withheld information was not a list of general topics discussed by the Governor. The disclosure sought was the subject of the meeting in the context of the identities of internal participants who were chosen to be part of the deliberations, which were disclosed, as well as the time, date, and place of those deliberations, which was also disclosed. In short, the Governor’s Office argues that the OOR erred by requiring that the protected information reveal the deliberations because Section 708(b)(10) only requires that those deliberations be reflected, not revealed or described. In response, Requestor argues that all exemptions from disclosure must be narrowly construed. Requestor contends that the subject matter of internal meetings on the Calendars are not generally exempt from disclosure as reflecting internal pre-decisional deliberations pursuant to Section 708(b)(10). Requestor argues that the fact that the RTKL utilizes the term reflect is of no moment as the term reveal is an appropriate synonym. Requestor contends that the Governor’s Office has simply redacted all of the notations of the subject matter of internal meetings without any attempt to explain the separate basis for each redaction. Finally, Re-questor contends that the subject matter of internal meetings on the Governor’s Calendars do not reflect or show the actual advice he was given at those meetings; therefore, they are not protected even if the Governor’s Office had met its burden under the RTKL. Under Section 305 of the RTKL, records in the possession of an agency are presumed “public” unless they are: (1) exempted by Section 708 (exceptions) of the RTKL; (2) protected by privilege; or (3) exempted “under any other Federal or State law or regulation or judicial order or decree.” 65 P.S. § 67.305. Exemptions from disclosure must be narrowly construed due to the RTKL’s remedial nature, which is “designed to promote access to official government information in order to prohibit secrets, scrutinize the actions of public officials, and make public officials accountable for their actions.” Bowling, 990 A.2d at 824. The predecisional deliberative exception set forth in Section 708(b)(10)(i) codifies the deliberative process privilege. Section 708(b)(10)(i) exempts from disclosure: (10)(i) A record that reflects: (A) The internal, predecisional deliberations of an agency, its members, employees or officials or predecisional deliberations between agency members, employees or officials and members, employees or officials of another agency, including predecisional deliberations relating to a budget recommendation, legislative proposal, legislative amendment, contemplated or proposed policy or course of action or any research, memos or other documents used in the predeci-sional deliberations. (B) The strategy to be used to develop or achieve the successful adoption of a budget, legislative proposal or regulation. 65 P.S. § 67.708(b)(10)(i). “According to the language of Section 708(b)(10)(i), protected records must be predecisional and deliberative.” Kaplin v. Lower Merion Township, 19 A.3d 1209, 1214 (Pa.Cmwlth.), petition for allowance of appeal denied, 612 Pa. 693, 29 A.3d 798 (2011). Pursuant to Section 708(a)(1), “[t]he burden of proving that a record of a Commonwealth agency ... is exempt from public access shall be on the Commonwealth agency ... receiving a request by a preponderance of the evidence.” 65 P.S. § 67.708(a)(1); Department of Health v. Office of Open Records, 4 A.3d 803, 809 (Pa.Cmwlth.2010). Upon review, we find that the OOR erred by holding, as a matter of law, that a calendar entry of an agency executive, such as the Governor “is facially not ‘deliberative’ in character” and, therefore, cannot be exempt from disclosure because such information, in itself, would not reveal the actual deliberations. (Final Determination at 9-10, R.R. at 117a-18a.) Calendar entries are unique in that they are commonly used for more than just scheduling appointments. Calendars may contain the topic of the meeting, along with specific points that are to be discussed, or proposed actions, along with a list of the individuals scheduled to attend the meeting. For example, a calendar entry may set forth a description of what will be discussed at a meeting, such as a proposed tax or fee, controversial proposed legislation, or regulations. While often information appearing on calendars would not contain information subject to protection, we must look at the substance of the information and not the form in which the information is placed. The fact that information is contained on the Calendars, instead of a memo, does not determine the character of the information or whether it is subject to an exception. As such, the fact that the information was placed on the Calendars does not, as a matter of law, mean that it is impossible for it to be protected under an exception to the RTKL. In determining whether the information on the Calendars falls within the exception to disclosure of public records set forth in Section 708(b)(10), we must first examine the statutory provision. In doing so, we recognize that the General Assembly utilized the specific term “reflect,” 65 P.S. § 67.708(b)(10) (emphasis added), and did not use the term “reveal.” The term reflect means “mirror” or “show,” while the term reveal means “to make publicly or generally known” or, in other words, “disclose.” Webster’s Third New International Dictionary 1908, 1942 (2002). Given the broad meaning of the term reflect, as opposed to reveal, and the fact that the General Assembly chose the term reflect when providing for the predecisional deliberative exception, we must interpret the exception as written. Moreover, the combined use of the terms reflects and deliberations in Section 708(b)(10)(i)(A) supports the conclusion that Section 708(b)(10)(i) codifies the' deliberative process privilege and, therefore, demonstrates the General Assembly’s intent to exempt the deliberative process. Commonwealth ex rel. Unified Judicial System v. Vartan, 557 Pa. 390, 399, 733 A.2d 1258, 1263 (1999) (plurality opinion) (quoting Redland Soccer Club, Inc. v. Department of the Army of the United States, 55 F.3d 827, 853 (3d Cir.1995) (“The deliberative process privilege permits the government to withhold documents containing ‘confidential deliberations of law or policy making, reflecting opinions, recommendations or advice.’ ” (internal citation omitted) (emphasis added))). Given our understanding of the exception, we next must determine whether it was error for the OOR not to consider the Affidavit which the Governor’s Office submitted in support of the redactions from the Governor’s Calendars. The Governor’s Office argues that the sworn Affidavit is evidence and that the information at issue “reflects the Governor’s deliberations and priorities in choosing the subjects, timing, location and participants of meetings. It is the totality of these components that renders this calendar information reflective of deliberative process.... ” (Governor’s Office Br. at 7). In response, Requestor argues that the Affidavit had no relevance to the application of Section 708(b)(10)(i), as that involves a purely legal issue. Requestor contends that none of the Affidavit’s factual representations are, or could be, relevant to the threshold legal question of whether the Calendars disclosed the subject matter on which the Governor sought advice, as opposed to the content of the advice he ultimately received, and are deliberative for purposes of the internal pre-decisional deliberative exception. The RTKL establishes that an appeals officer “may admit into evidence testimony, evidence and documents that the appeals officer believes to be reasonably probative and relevant to an issue in dispute. The appeals officer may limit the nature and extent of evidence found to be cumulative.” Section 1102(a)(2) of the RTKL, 65 P.S. § 67.1102(a)(2). Because of the OOR’s approach to the Calendar entries, it did not believe that any factual information was relevant. However, given our understanding that it is the content of the entries and not the form in which the information is contained that is to be considered, the Affidavit which attests to facts is relevant. Whether information qualifies as “predeeisional and deliberative” is a highly fact specific inquiry and discerning whether material redacted pursuant to the RTKL is exempt from access is difficult. Here, the content of the redactions is contested, and the Governor’s Office is entitled to show why its asserted protection applies. In deciding whether this redacted information qualifies for protection under an exception, the OOR should have considered the aver-ments of the Affidavit: the OOR could not make an informed decision here without knowledge of the content of the Affidavit. Therefore, it was error for the OOR not to consider the Affidavit submitted in support of the redactions from the Governor’s Calendars. As this Court reviews the Affidavit as part of the record on appeal, we now turn to the issue of whether the evidence presented meets the Governor’s Office’s burden of proving that the redacted notations are exempt from disclosure pursuant to Section 708(b)(10)(i). The federal courts have explained what is required when an agency, by submitting affidavits, attempts to justify nondisclosure of requested documents pursuant to certain exemptions provided for in Section 552 of the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), 5 U.S.C. § 552, the federal counterpart to Pennsylvania’s RTKL. Affidavits are the means through which a governmental agency details the search it conducted for the documents requested and justifies nondisclosure of the requested documents under each exemption upon which it relied upon. The affidavits must be detailed, nonconeluso-ry, and submitted in good faith.... Absent evidence of bad faith, the veracity of an agency’s submissions explaining reasons for nondisclosure should not be questioned. Manchester v. Drug Enforcement Administration, U.S. Department of Justice, 823 F.Supp. 1259, 1265 (E.D.Pa.1993) (citations omitted). In other words, a generic determination or conclusory statements are not sufficient to justify the exemption of public records. Here, the Affidavit submitted by the Governor’s Office states that “the information redacted was for internal meetings ... and reflected predecisional deliberations with regard to the subject matter reflected on the index.”, (Affidavit at 2, R.R. at 89a.) The Affidavit describes that the redactions at issue: were reflective of internal deliberations that preceded decisions related to subjects including the transition into the new administration, personnel, budgetary and policy decisions, related courses of actions and implementation of changes in the direction of the administration. (Affidavit at 2, R.R. at 89a.) The Affidavit contains no further specifics. It is, therefore, without more, not sufficient to prove that the records are exempt. While the Affidavit tracks the language of the exception it presupposes, rather than proves with sufficient detail, that the redacted Calendar entries are reflective of internal deliberations and, therefore, exempt from disclosure. It is not enough to include in the Affidavit a list of subjects to which internal deliberations may have related. The Affidavit must be specific enough to permit the OOR or this Court to ascertain how disclosure of the entries would reflect the internal deliberations on those subjects. Because this Affidavit is not detailed, but rather conclusory, Manchester, 823 F.Supp. at 1265, it is not sufficient, standing alone, to prove that the Calendar entries are exempt from disclosure. For these reasons, we affirm the OOR’s Final Determination requiring the Governor’s Office to provide the requested Calendars without redaction of all the information withheld on the basis of the exceptions set forth in Section 708 of the RTKL, 65 P.S. § 67.708. ORDER NOW, April 23, 2013, the Final Determination of the Office of Open Records entered in the above-captioned matter is AFFIRMED. CONCURRING OPINION BY Judge McCullough. I concur in the Majority’s analysis insofar as it concludes that the affidavit of Open Records Officer Michael Downing submitted on behalf of the Office of the Governor was insufficient to prove that the Governor’s schedule from January 18, 2011, to February 4, 2011 (hereafter Calendars) are exempt from disclosure under the predecisional deliberative exception in section 708(b)(10) of the Right>-to-Know Law (RTKL). I further agree with the Majority that, because the Office of the Governor did not raise the “notes and working papers” exception found in section 708(b)(12) of the RTKL, 65 P.S. § 67.708(b)(12), as a defense to disclosing the information contained in the Calendars on the grounds that the Calendars were for the Governor’s personal use, we cannot address that exemption on appeal. However, unlike the Majority, I would address the issue of the authority of the Office of Open Records (OOR) to sua sponte direct an agency to produce unre-dacted records that are the object of a RTKL request for in camera review. Indeed, by order dated July 25, 2012, we granted the application of the Office of the Governor for reconsideration of our original June 7, 2012 Opinion and Order, and by subsequent order dated August 16, 2012, we specifically directed the parties to file supplemental briefs limited to the issue which the Majority now avoids. In this regard, while section 1101(b)(3) of the RTKL, 65 P.S. § 67.1101(b)(3), makes clear that the OOR has discretion to conduct a hearing, and, in fact, declined to do so even though a hearing was requested by the Office of the Governor, there is no similar provision in the RTKL that gives the OOR the authority to conduct in camera reviews sua sponte. Although the OOR has argued that conducting in camera reviews would more efficiently dispose of cases than conducting hearings, the Legislature, in crafting the RTKL, did not provide for such means of disposition. The authority of this Court to order an in camera review by the OOR remains unchallenged; but because the right of the OOR to sua sponte conduct in camera reviews was raised in this case, I would hold that the Legislature did not grant such authority. Consequently, it is up to the Legislature to confer such authority by statutory amendment. . Requestor is with the Associated Press. . Act of February 14, 2008, P.L. 6, 65 P.S. §§ 67.101-67.3104. . This Court originally filed an Opinion and Order in this matter on June 7, 2012. Therein, we vacated the portion of the Final Determination of the OOR directing the Governor’s Office to provide the Governor’s Calendars, without redactions, for all information withheld on the basis of Section 708(b)(10) of the RTKL, 65 P.S. § 67.708(b)(10), and/or privilege, and remanded this matter to the OOR to conduct an in camera review of the unredact-ed Calendar entries of the Governor's Office in order to determine whether the predeci-sional deliberative exception set forth in Section 708(b)(10)(i) of the RTKL, 65 P.S. § 67.708(b)(10)(i), applied. By Order of July 25, 2012, we granted reconsideration of our June 7, 2012 Opinion and Order and the same was withdrawn. Due to reconsideration being granted, on August 16, 2012, this Court ordered the parties to file supplemental briefs limited to the issue of whether the OOR has the authority to, sua sponte, direct an agency to produce for in camera review unredacted records that are the object of a RTKL request. On October 25, 2012, this Court granted the OOR’s application to intervene, and the OOR filed a brief and participated in oral argument. Due to our resolution of this case, we express no opinion as to the OOR's authority, pursuant to the RTKL, to, sua sponte, conduct in camera review. .The Governor’s Office uses the terms “deliberative process privilege” and "executive privilege” interchangeably. See Van Hine v. Department of State, 856 A.2d 204, 212 (Pa.Cmwlth.2004) (observing that the similarities of the deliberative process privilege and executive privilege are apparent, and viewing the two doctrines as "coterminous.”). In addition to Section 708(b)(10), the Governor's Office did separately list both the executive privilege and the deliberative process privilege, pursuant to Section 305(a)(2) of the RTKL, 65 P.S. § 67.305(a)(2), as additional exemptions to the disclosure of the requested information from the Calendars. However, the Governor’s Office, in its brief to this Court, does not develop a legal analysis regarding the application of the executive privilege separate and apart from the deliberative process privilege. In addition, we note that the Governor's Office did not raise the "notes and working papers” exception found in Section 708(b)(12) of the RTKL, 65 P.S. § 67.708(b)(12), as a defense to disclosing the information contained in the Calendars because the Calendars were for personal use by the Governor. See City of Philadelphia v. Philadelphia Inquirer, 52 A.3d 456, 461-62 (Pa.Cmwlth.2012) (holding the mayor's and city council members' calendars were exempt from disclosure under the "notes and working papers” exception because the requested documents were created solely for the convenience of the mayor's and city council members’ personal use in scheduling daily activities and were not circulated outside of the officials' offices). . The OOR also determined that: (1) a ”[r]e-quest may only seek records in existence at the time the [rjequest was received” by the agency; (2) a "[r]equest may only seek 'records’ " as that term is defined in the RTKL; thus, portions of the Governor’s Calendars were properly redacted to shield the Governor's personal activities; (3) the Governor’s Office properly redacted personal telephone numbers and email addresses; and (4) the Governor’s Office properly redacted information pursuant to Section 708(b)(1)(H) of the RTKL, the personal security exception. (Final Determination at 4-7, R.R. at 112a-15a.) . In reviewing a final determination of the OOR, this Court “independently reviews the OOR's orders and may substitute its own findings of facts for [those] of the agency.” Bowling, 990 A.2d at 818. As we are not limited to the rationale offered in the OOR's decision, we enter narrative findings and conclusions based on the evidence, and we explain our rationale. Id. Our scope of review on a question of law under the RTKL is plenary. Allegheny County Department of Administrative Services v. A Second Chance, Inc., 13 A.3d 1025, 1029 n. 3 (Pa.Cmwlth.2011). . Section 102 defines "privilege” as "[t]he attorney-work product doctrine, the attorney-client privilege, the doctor-patient privilege, the speech and debate privilege or other privilege recognized by a court interpreting the laws of the Commonwealth.” 65 P.S. § 67.102. . The OOR consistently applies the following test to determine if a requested record is exempt pursuant to Section 708(b)(10) of the RTKL: (1) "the deliberations reflected are 'internal' to the agency”; (2) "the deliberations reflected are predecisional, i.e., before a decision on an action”; and (3) "the contents are deliberative in character, i.e., pertaining to a proposed action.” (Final Determination at 7, R.R. at 115a.) See Kaplin, 19 A.3d at 1216 (holding that "a communication does not necessarily need to be internal to a single agency to be covered by the predecisional deliberation protections of Section 708(b)(10)(i)” because, pursuant to the statutory language, "the communication could be considered to be predecisional deliberations between agency members and employees of another agency”). . In Vartan, 557 Pa. at 401, 733 A.2d at 1264, the Supreme Court required an agency asserting the deliberative process privilege to show that: (1) the communication is deliberative in character; and (2) the communication occurred prior to a specific, related decision. See also Joe v. Prison Health Services, Inc., 782 A.2d 24, 33 (Pa.Cmwlth.2001) (same). Cf. LaValle v. Office of General Counsel of the Commonwealth, 564 Pa. 482, 496, 769 A.2d 449, 457 (2001) (“[T]his Court has not definitively adopted the deliberative process privilege.”) and In re: Interbranch Commission on Juvenile Justice, 605 Pa. 224, 237-38 & n. 11, 988 A.2d 1269, 1277-78 & n. 11 (2010) (Supreme Court addressed the deliberative process privilege in excluding evidence sought in Judicial Conduct Board hearing). . See Department of Transportation v. Office of Open Records, 7 A.3d 329, 333 (Pa.Cmwlth.2010) (holding that the General Assembly "intended the record to be certified to this Court pursuant to Section 1303(b) [of the RTKL, 65 P.S. § 67.1303(b),] to include evidence and documents admitted into evidence by the appeals officer pursuant to Section 1102(a)(2)” of the RTKL, 65 P.S. § 67.1102(a)(2)). . See Bowling, 990 A.2d at 819 (recognizing that the FOIA is the federal counterpart to our RTKL). . In its “Index of Redacted Records,” the Governor’s Office sets forth the date/time of each requested Calendar entry, sets forth the names of the participant(s) or indicates if the names are redacted, and sets forth which exception under the RTKL is applicable to each entry. For example, for the Calendar entry dated January 19, 2011 at 3:00 p.m., the index reveals the names of the participants) and states that the entry is exempt from disclosure pursuant to " § 67.708(b)(10)(i)(A) predecisional deliberation” and " §§ 67.102, 305(a) executive and deliberative privilege.” (R.R. at 79a.) With respect to the Governor’s Calendar entries, the index does not include any reference to meeting topics or indicate if the meeting topics were redacted. (R.R. at 79a-84a.) .We note that this Court, in Bowling, held that it was within the discretion of the Pennsylvania Emergency Management Agency (PEMA), pursuant to Section 705 of the RTKL, 65 P.S. § 67.705, to choose the manner in which it would disclose certain requested records; however, in so doing, we offered the following guidance: [W]e refer PEMA to two approaches which the federal courts use when addressing an agency’s claim of disclosure exemption under the FOIA. First, the District of Columbia Circuit Court of Appeals established in Vaughn v. Rosen, 484 F.2d 820 (D.C.Cir.1973), an item-by-item indexing system which correlates to a specific FOIA exemption. The second approach recognized that a “Vaughn index” may not be a practical approach in view of the records requested. In some instances, a satisfactory index could undermine the exemption and, in those cases, agencies may proffer generic determinations for nondisclosure. Curran v. Dep't of Justice, 813 F.2d 473 (1st Cir.1987); see also Crooker v. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco & Firearms, 789 F.2d 64 (D.C.Cir.1986). This does not, however, absolve agencies from making a minimally sufficient showing of exemption. Cuiran. Agencies may justify their exemptions on a categoiy-of-document by categoiy-of-document basis. Id. The chief characteristic of a categoiy-of-document methodology must be functionality, that is, the classification should be clear enough to permit a court to ascertain "how each ... categoiy of documents, if disclosed, would inteifere with [the agency’s duty not to disclose excempt public records].” Id. at 475. Bowling, 990 A.2d at 825 n. 13 (emphasis added) (omission in original). . Act of February 14, 2008, P.L. 6, 65 P.S. § 67.708(b)(10). . See City of Philadelphia v. Philadelphia Inquirer, 52 A.3d 456, 461-62 (Pa.Cmwlth.2012) (holding that the mayor’s and city council members’ Calendars were exempt from disclosure under the "notes and working papers” exception because the requested documents were created solely for the convenience of the mayor's and city council members’ personal use in scheduling daily activities and were not circulated outside of the officials' offices). . The parties also addressed this issue extensively at en banc argument on February 13, 2013. . This Court’s original Opinion and Order vacated the portion of the Final Determination of the OOR directing the Office of the Governor to provide the Governor’s Calendars, without redactions, for all information withheld on the basis of Section 708(b)(10) of the RTKL, 65 P.S. § 67.708(b)(10), and/or privilege, and remanded this matter to the OOR to conduct an in camera review of the unredacted Calendar entries of the Office of the Governor in order to determine whether the predecisional deliberative exception set forth in Section 708(b)(10)(i) of the RTKL, 65 P.S. § 67.708(b)(10)(i), applied.	CASELAW
Duke Street, St James's Duke Street, St James's is a street in the St James's area of the City of Westminster, London. It runs from Piccadilly in the north to King Street in the south, and is crossed by Jermyn Street. Ryder Street joins it on the western side. On the eastern side it provides access to Masons Yard. The upmarket department store Fortnum & Mason occupies the north-west corner. History Duke Street first appeared in the rate books of the parish of St. Martin in the Fields in 1673. It is likely that it was named in honour of James, Duke of York, later James II. Building of the street was completed in the 1680s, though none of the original houses remain. The Chequers Tavern, at No. 16, occupies a site that has been a public house has since 1732, when Henry Mason, the then occupant, was granted a victualler's licence for an unnamed tavern. His successor was Robert Morgoridge, and William Morgridge was granted a victualler's licence for the Mason's Arms in Duke Street in 1744. By 1751, the name of the tavern had been changed to the Chequers. Mason's Yard is now located to the east of Duke Street. Notable residents Notable residents of Duke Street include: * 1686 Christopher Hatton, 1st Viscount Hatton English aristocrat and diplomat. * 1707 Edward Villiers, 1st Earl of Jersey * 1760 Thomas Villiers, Baron Hyde, later first Earl of Clarendon * 1815 Tom Cribb, prize-fighter. * 1815-1830 Charles Lewis (bookbinder) * 1941 Al Bowlly (vocalist and jazz guitarist) was killed in April 1941 by a parachute mine at his flat at 32 Duke Street A lodger in Duke Street, St James's was Edmund Burke, who dated letters from here between December 1790 and March 1791, and in January 1794. Listed buildings * 11 Duke Street, St James's (Grade II) Terraced house with later shop. * 2 & 3 Duke Street, St James's (Grade II) Office and gallery building. 1910-12 by E. Vincent Harris and Thomas A. Moodie. Culture “The street is now a centre of fine art dealers and galleries” Forming part of the St James's Art District, Duke Street is an important location for its concentration of art galleries, covering modern and contemporary art, sculpture, old masters and tapestries. It includes the premises of Bernard Jacobson Gallery, Willow Gallery, Thomas Heneage, S Franses Ltd, MacConnal-Mason Galleries, Sims Reed Rare Books and Whitford Fine Art.	WIKI
Talk:Survivor Srbija grand price The text is a bit strange. "The winners received a prize of €100,000. In VIP season, the winner received a prize of €50,000.". Should it be VIP season €150,000 or perhaps an additional prize of €50,000 ? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Anttir717 (talk • contribs) 09:38, 8 May 2012 (UTC) In VIP seasons winner received €50,000 total, no additional prize. Mare91 (talk) 07:59, 9 May 2012 (UTC)	WIKI
Page:Vol 3 History of Mexico by H H Bancroft.djvu/228 are few records as to the condition of the Province of Vera Cruz for some twenty or thirty years after the sack of its capital. About 1730 the city contained perhaps three thousand Spaniards, mulattoes, and negroes, apart from its garrison; the remainder of its heterogeneous population including people from all the western nations of Europe. The city was about one sixth of a league in length and half that distance in width. Most of the inhabitants were mulattoes; some of them being wealthy, for money was readily made at this entrepôt of commerce, and even the negro slaves could accumulate enough to purchase their freedom. In the middle of the sixteenth century Vera Cruz was but an insignificant port, serving as a landing-place for the bands of adventurers who came to the shores of New Spain. At the opening of the nineteenth century it was the commercial emporium of a territory whose vast resources, little developed as they are even to this day, had excited the envy of the world. At the latter date its population was estimated at over thirty-five thousand, of whom about (208)	WIKI
Visual Basic Timer In visual basic, Timer component is useful to raise an event repeatedly in our application based on the specified interval of time. The timer component is available with System.Timers namespace. So, to work with the timer component in our application to raise an event after a set of interval we need to import the System.Timers namespace. Following is the example of defining the timer object that raises an elapsed event after a set of interval in visual basic. ' Create timer Dim timer As Timer = New Timer() timer.Interval = 2000 AddHandler timer.Elapsed, AddressOf TimerEvent timer.AutoReset = True timer.Enabled = True If you observe the above code, we created a timer object by using the Timer class. Here, the Interval property is used to specify the time interval to raise an Elapsed event (TimerEvent) and the Enabled property is used to specify whether the timer object should raise an Elapsed event or not. The AutoReset property is used to configure the timer object to raise an elapsed event repeatedly at the specified interval of time defined by the Interval property. In case, if we want to raise the Elapsed event only once after the specified interval has elapsed, then we need to set the AutoReset property to false. Visual Basic Timer Properties Following table lists some of the most commonly used properties of Timer class in visual basic. PropertyDescription AutoReset It is useful to get or set whether the Timer should raise the Elapsed event only once (false) or repeatedly (true). CanRaiseEvents It will return a value which indicate whether the component can raise an event or not. DesignMode It will return a value which indicate whether the component is in design mode or not. Enabled It is useful to get or set a value to indicate whether the Timer should raise the Elapsed event or not. Interval It is useful to get or set the interval in milliseconds at which to raise the Elapsed event. Visual Basic Timer Methods Following table lists some of the most commonly used methods of Timer class in visual basic. MethodDescription Start() It is useful to start raise the Elapsed event by setting Enabled to true. Stop() It will stop raising the Elapsed event by setting Enabled to false. Close() It is useful to release the resources that are used by the Timer. Dispose() It is useful to release all the resources used by the Component. MemberwiseClone() It is useful to create a shallow copy of the current object. GetType() It is useful to get the type of current instance. Visual Basic Timer Example Following is the example of using Timer class in visual basic to execute the Elapsed events repeatedly at specified interval of time. Imports System.Timers ModuleModule1 Sub Main(ByVal args As String()) Console.WriteLine("Present Enter Key to Exit the Application") ' Create timer Dim timer As Timer = New Timer() timer.Interval = 2000 AddHandler timer.Elapsed, AddressOf TimerEvent timer.AutoReset = True timer.Enabled = True Console.ReadLine() End Sub ' Elapsed Event Private Sub TimerEvent(ByVal source As Object, ByVal e As ElapsedEventArgs) Console.WriteLine("Event Raised at {0:HH:mm:ss.fff}", e.SignalTime) End Sub End Module If you observe the above example, we imported System.Timers namespace to create a timer object by using Timer class. Here, we used Interval property to specify the time interval to raise an Elapsed event (TimerEvent) and the Enabled property to specify whether the timer object should raise an Elapsed event or not. When we execute the above visual basic program, we will get the result like as shown below. Present Enter Key to Exit the Application Event Raised at 07:48:49.274 Event Raised at 07:48:51.275 Event Raised at 07:48:53.275 Event Raised at 07:48:55.275 If you observe the result, for every 2 seconds the Elapsed event (TimerEvent) is raising and executing the elapsed event code. This is how we can use the timer object to raise an event repeatedly at the specified interval of time based on our requirements. Topics Covered	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
Making Your First Browser Extension Typing on a silver computer So, you want to make a browser extension. Perhaps this is something you've been interested in pursuing, but didn't know how or where to get started, and taking one look at the Google Developers documentation or the Mozilla Developer Network (MDN) Web Docs made you give up on the idea. Well, I'm here to show you that it isn't nearly as daunting a task to get started as it may initially seem. What this post is For starters, what this post is not is a tutorial. We won't be building an extension here; both Google and Mozilla have excellent how-to guides on building your first extension (which we will get to). This post is to help show you the path from an idea to a browser extension that others can find and install in their browsers. We'll look at: • The different types of extensions there are and the UI options available to you, so you can determine how your extension will behave and how users will interact with it • The manifest file you will need to have your extension recognized by the browser and operating • The extension API that allows your code to interface with the browser • How to test your extension • Where and how to get your extension published Where applicable, I will provide links to both Google and Mozilla's documentation. Some information will be specific to the Chrome or Firefox browser; in which case, you will want to consult the respective documentation. There is, however, a large amount of compatibility between their extension APIs and the specification published by the W3C Draft Community Group. If one group's explanation of a subject is unclear to you, it could be helpful to seek clarity in the other group's documentation on the same topic. And yes, this compatibility means you can make your extension available on Chrome and Firefox (and Opera!) without too much hassle. You Need an idea In coming up with an idea for a browser extension, it is obviously helpful to reflect on what a browser extension is. Basically, as I see it, browser extensions fall into two major camps, they either: 1. Extend the functionality of the browser itself; or 2. Modify the way in which you consume/perceive web pages or a specific website. MDN's What are extensions? page provides a good list of types of extensions to further categorize these camps: • Enhance or complement a website • Let users show their personality • Add or remove content from web pages • Add tools and new browsing features • Games • Add development tools Each of those is followed by a more detailed description and a list of examples that are worth checking out if any of them sparked inspiration or interest. The easiest way to come up with an idea is to look at problems or annoyances you have with your everyday browser experience — whether it be something with the browser itself or an issue you have with a specific site. I made my first extension because our team was annoyed with some of the UI choices made by our project management software. My extension shuffled ticket sections around (reprioritizing them for our needs), and added buttons to copy the ticket number and ticket URL to the clipboard. So, you can create an extension that simply makes little tweaks to a website or web app that you (and/or your team) use to improve your workflow. Your user interface Once you've got an idea, you should consider how it will "look" as a browser extension. If you've installed browser extensions before, then you know that they "live" in your browser's toolbar as an icon (or badge). For some, the icon is only there to signal that the extension is installed and active; they're passive extensions that don't require interaction from the user. For others, clicking the icon does something. This something could be performing some action on the current webpage, opening a menu, or opening an HTML document in a popup. Honestly, this isn't something you need to decide right away, but I think you should be aware of your options as you begin building your extension. While you're in the thick of development, you may decide to add, remove, and/or modify features that change your mind on the interface anyway. The Manifest file Every extension must have a manifest file. It is a JSON file (named manifest.json) that provides metadata about your extension, such as its name, description, icons, etc. Along with the basic stuff, the manifest also informs the browser of your extension's intentions, like aspects of the UI you've chosen (e.g., browser action vs. page action), but more importantly: permissions. To access particular parts of the extension API, your manifest will need to declare the permissions it needs. This is a security measure to limit damage performed by possible malware and to know what permission warnings to display to the user upon installation. The only required keys in the manifest are: "manifest_version", "name", and "version". That's all you need to get started; anything else can be added as is needed by your code. Development In addition to the manifest file, browser extensions are just HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. If you're familiar with these, then you're good to go! If not, don't fret; you have the knowledge of the internet at your disposal. I didn't know how to write JavaScript when I made that first extension I mentioned earlier, but by Googling the right questions, I was able to hack together something that made our project management software easier to use. You'll need HTML and CSS if you want your extension to have a UI beyond the toolbar icon (such as a popup window). JavaScript handles not just any behavior needed for your HTML/CSS, but it's what's used to interact with the extension APIs. As touched upon earlier, there is a great deal of compatibility between the extension APIs, allowing you to develop your extension for multiple browsers with relative ease. Testing & Debugging No doubt you will want to test your extension during development. Basic knowledge of Chrome DevTools and/or Firefox Developer Tools will prove useful, but there are some extension-specific debugging tools and tips also worth knowing: Publishing Woohoo! Your extension is ready to roll, and you wanna share it with the world! ...Or just your team. ...Maybe just your friends. It's up to you! Chrome extensions will be published to the Chrome Web Store, and Firefox extensions will be published to Firefox Add-ons. You will see that, for both Chrome and Firefox, you will need to create a developer account (if you haven't already done so) in order to publish to their respective platforms. Note: For Chrome, there is a one-time $5 developer signup fee. This "is intended to create better safeguards against fraudulent extensions in the gallery and limit the activity of malicious developer accounts." (Source) Getting started Alright, that was the whirlwind tour of creating a browser extension. I hope this breakdown gives you a better idea of where to begin with making an extension of your own. Here's a quick recap of the basic process: 1. Ideation – Identify a problem to be solved, and conceive a solution for alleviating it. 2. UI – Get some sense of how you want users (even if it's just you) to interact with the extension. 3. Manifest File – Create your manifest.json file; the UI phase will guide some of the configurations here. 4. Development – Coding your HTML, CSS, and JavaScript; interfacing with the extension API. 5. Testing & Debugging – Ya know... the trial and error part... lots of console.log... 6. Publishing – Register a developer account, and publish your creation to the Chrome Web Store and/or Firefox Add-ons. See?! Not so bad. Again, this post was a way of introducing you to browser extensions with a bit more ease than giving you a face-full of this. So, what now? My advice: tutorials. Once you've got a sense of what you're dealing with — which I really hope you have now — I think the best place to start is Google and Mozilla's own tutorials. Now that we've gotten the overhead out of the way, you should be able to focus on working your way through one or more of those and using them as a jumping-off point for your own. Once you've created an extension from the tutorials (and hopefully added some experimental tweaks of your own), I'd say look through their sample extensions (of which they have many). This will give you a much greater sense of what is possible with browser extensions, and some insight on how they ought to be architected. Finally, here are a few interesting pages that I've found in my journeys through Google and Mozilla's documentation. Perhaps, you'll find them interesting too. In no particular order (though, I do especially recommend trying out the Extension Scaffolding Builder): Ready to get started? Tell us about your project	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
huoltajuus Noun * 1) custody, guardianship right to and responsibility for fostering a child Usage notes * The term covers a wide range of situations of having possession of something or someone, but as a legal term is limited to adult-child relationships.	WIKI
Posted on: July 1, 2014 What is an Uninterruptible Power Supply? An Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) is an electrical power supply that supplies electricity a load when the mains is available as well as when there is a mains power outage. The UPS protects the loads from power failures, and interruptions such as low-, or over- voltages. The UPS takes in AC power, stores part of the energy in a backup storage such as a battery or flywheel arrangement while the transferring the rest to the load. In the event of a power failure, the UPS uses the stored energy to supply the load hence allowing one to save work and have perform a proper shutdown of the computer of any other load. All UPSs have an audible alarm that warns the user that the mains power has gone off. Main parts of a UPS There are four main blocks in majority of the UPSs. These include the rectifier/charger, energy storage device such as a battery or flywheel, inverter and a static bypass switch. 1. Rectifier/charger The rectifier performs two main functions, one is to convert the ac mains to DC and the other is to charge the batteries and maintain them at their float voltage. There are two types of charging, one is a three step charge; fast charge up to 90 %, slow charge from 90 to 100% and charged turns off when the battery is fully charged. The other type involves trickle charging to keep the battery at the float voltage. 2. Battery: Most UPSs use batteries to store the electrical energy in the form of an electrochemical energy while others use flywheels to store the energy in the form of kinetic energy. The batteries are charged when the ac mains is present and then discharge during the power outage. The backup time is largely dependent on the battery capacity and state of the batteries which usually have a lifespan of about two years. As they degrade, the backup time reduces until the UPS cannot hold any more and they have to be replaced for continued backup. 3. The inverter: The inverter accepts the DC power from either the rectifier or the battery. It then converts this to ac power to supplies to the load. Once the batteries run out, the UPS shuts down and drops the load unless an external power source such as a generator or the utility begins providing power to the UPS. The inverter can get DC power either from the ac mains or from the batteries and will operate as long as there is enough power to drive it regardless of the source. 4. Static switch The static bypass switch is often used in the online UPS and bypasses the main components of the UPS (rectifier, inverter and batteries) to supply the load directly from the mains. When in the bypass mode, the load is not protected against power failures. The feature is useful and allows the load to continue getting power even when the internal components fail. In bigger UPS, there may be a manual bypass switch that completely isolates the UPS from power. This allows one to safely maintain or repair the UPS while the load is still getting power directly from the ac mains or from the generator. Other Features of a UPS Other optional features include the Transient Volt Surge Suppression (TVSS), the External Maintenance Bypass and monitoring software (SNMP). These are not mandatory; however, they offer extra protection, flexibility and monitoring/ automation ability. Common types of UPSs There are different kinds of UPS designs, each has its advantages and pitfalls and have varying features, abilities and costs. The three commonly used types of UPS designs are; 1. Standby (offline) UPS The least expensive UPS charges the battery when the mains power is active and utilizes the battery power when an outage occurs. It does not provide protection against power surges and sags and is not suitable for sensitive loads that require protection and stable power. The load gets power directly from the mains unless there is a power failure when it starts getting power from the inverter. 2. Line interactive UPS The line interactive combines the charger and the inverter. The combination charges the battery and while supplying the load with AC. The AC power is the primary source for the load and when it fails, the charger stops working and the inverter starts converting the DC from the battery to AC for the load. This type has less switching transients and has a faster changeover from mains to battery power. It provides more protection and is more expensive than the standby. 3. Double conversion (online) UPS This offers the best protection from both utility power outages and quality issues. It converts all ac power to DC which is used to charge the battery and feed the DC bus. The power on the DC bus, either from the battery, or from the rectifier goes to the inverter where it is converted to AC and fed to the load. The rectified DC charges the battery while the remaining is converted back to AC by the inverter. This is the most expensive, has lower efficiency due to the double conversion and is also expensive to run due to more heat losses. The online UPS is the most reliable and provides the best protection for sensitive equipment such as data centers. Shape and scalability of UPSs The UPSs are available in a variety of shapes and physical designs to suite different applications. Desktop computers often use standalone UPS, while a bigger loads such as server rooms or office blocks use a floor standing UPSs. In data centers, it is common to find high power density, rack mountable UPSs which are often installed in the same rack as the servers and network equipment. Large UPSs come in their own racks and are scalable to provide more capacity and runtime. In addition, they have redundant parts such as power modules and batteries which are hot swappable. Advantages of Uninterruptible Power Supply The UPS protects electronics equipment against power losses, spikes, fluctuations and abnormal shutdowns which can damage the electronic components, cause loss of data or spoil some of the electromechanical components such as hard disks and other motor driven components.	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
Updating sansa firmware Rated 4.77/5 based on 543 customer reviews Probably one of the most frustrating things about owning a digital music library is when you can't seem to get your computer to sync songs to your MP3 player.And, to make matters even more complicated there can be a combination of reasons why your portable isn't being recognized.If this is the case then check for a possible driver on the manufacturer's website.It's also a good idea to see if there is a firmware update too which might fix this problem.Generally, if you purchase an MP3 online or if you rip one of your personal CDs, the metadata will be filled in for the file.You can input metadata on your own by doing the following: Most other problems with the San Disk Sansa Clip Zip MP3 player can be resolved by updating the device's firmware.If the version of Windows installed on your computer isn't recognizing your PMP, or indeed any other USB gadget for that matter, then it could be as simple as a corrupt (or missing) device driver.If this is the case then it can usually be resolved by simply re-installing / updating the driver. updating sansa firmware-19 updating sansa firmware-62 updating sansa firmware-18 If you have just had a new MP3 player and it isn't recognized then one of the first things to check is that it's actually compatible with the version of Windows installed on your computer. Wait a few seconds and then reboot your device, which should operate without locking up, at least for a while. The MP3 player does play podcasts, but the podcasts you load to the device have to be in one of the supported audio formats listed in the Selected Song Doesn't Play section. If your San Disk Sansa Clip Zip MP3 player battery became completely drained while the device was frozen or locked up, the device likely won't power on when you connect it to a computer and you'll need to put the device in mass storage class (MSC) mode while connecting it to the computer for the computer to recognize it. The only difference between MSC mode and the standard mode your MP3 player operates in is that when you connect your computer when it's in standard mode, it displays under Portable Devices in Windows Explorer; when you connect your device to your computer in MSC mode, it's displayed under Devices with Removable Storage. Leave a Reply	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
Stadionul Mihai Adam Stadionul Mihai Adam is a multi-use stadium in Câmpia Turzii, Romania. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of CSM Câmpia Turzii. The stadium holds 2,700 people. The name of the stadium is in honour of footballer Mihai Adam, who was born in Câmpia Turzii and started his career at IS Câmpia Turzii. He scored 160 goals in 353 Romanian First League matches, also managing to be three times the top goalscorer of the league. The official tribune is the old tribune from the Stadionul Ion Moina, moved here when the stadium was renovated and expanded in 1960.	WIKI
Page:Notes and Queries - Series 12 - Volume 3.djvu/270 264 NOTES AND QUERIES. 1 12 s.m. APRIL u, 1917. by an exprest Cossid,* who engages to be with you in [blank] days, with which time, if he comply es not, you may please to give him So good a payment as may Serve for an example to others. [Unsigned] [Endorsee!] To Mr Marshall June 20th 70 LETTER XXXIII. Richard Edwards to John Smith (rough draft). (O.C. 3436.) Cassumbuzar June the 24th 1670 Xo Mr Smith Yours of the 29 past month received, and by it advice of your having Sold 10 of my Swordblades att 3 r. 8 a. Per ps., att which price, though Somewhat low, I could wish the rest were disposed of, and to that end earnestly begge you would use your utmost endeavour, that if possible I might have their produce to Invest this year ; and pray, if you hear any news of my Gohattee adventure, f give me advice by the next, and also how many Sword blades of mine you have in your hand. I give you many thankes for your care to Procure the Jellolseys and desire you would doe me the favour, if you Shall Sell So many of my Swords as Shall pay their amount, to procure me 3 or 4 peeces of ad thy J att about 20 rs., or Somewhat more or lesse, Per peece, and in your cloth in- vestment I doubt not but you may meete with Some peeces about those prizes very good and good-cheape, and will I hope, with Such befriend Unsigned I have sent Per Mr Jones (who now goes again to reside with you) 2 ps. braid, the one Silver and gold, weight 6 : 14,11 the other Silver, weight 7J, which pray endeavour the Speedy disposall of, but if you find them not likely to Sell with you pray returne them Per the first. [Endorsed] To Mr Smith June 24th: 70 of the spelling " exprest " in this sense in the N.E.D.' * A special messenger. There is no example t See Letter XXI. j Commonly spelt adathy, adatie. The word i Hind, adhotar, a coarse kind of cloth. { Low-priced. illegible. It may be 11. (for Ib.) : if so, the weight waa 14 Ib. 8 OE. * There is a sign above these figures which is LETTER XXXIV. John Vickers to Richard Edwards. (O.C. 3437.) Hugly the 25th June 1670 Dear Friend Yours of the llth and 20th Instant I received the 15th and 23d do: Advising the Receipt of mine of the 3 do: Per Mr Vincent, and that through the roguery of them that drew the bill the Money was made payable 10 dayes after sight, but hope by this time it may be Received and giving out. I should have Complyed with your Desire long before this in rendring Mr Bridges thankes,* but have not met with an oper- tunity, but shall, I hope, Suddenly effect it, with my owne, having said Nothing to- him yet. For the Disposall of the braid, I leave it to you to doe what you think [e] Convenient, approving very well of your proposal of sending it to Mr Smith, Returning You many thanks for your Care in soe Trivial! a matter, it being Scarce worth your trouble. Here Arriving lately A Dutch Ship from Goa, have enquired abroad for a eseritore, but Cannot hear of any. Pray by the Next advise what fashion you would have it, whither A Small flatt one for A Pallankee, or with dores, or of that fashion Mr Peacocks was, which suppose you have seen, having A promiss from 1 or 2 Dutch men to procure me one when the Shipps Come which suppose will bee suddenly. In yours of the 20th you advise the Receipt of mine of the 13th, togither with the bill of Exchange upon ugersine having Received Another upon Goculdaes, a Mer- chant in Pattana and that D[ou]bting < A speedy Conveighan[ce], You had Di peeded A Cossetb on purpose (which ougl to have been incerted by me but was forgot and Returne you many thankes for yox Care therein, and have given you Cred for the 3 r: 8 an: Paid the Cosset t, and hoj You will as freely use me upon all occasion The Goodes lyes as yet Unsold, thoug not for Want of Indeavouring. I suppoj it will Not be long before I may goe t Ballasore. Per the Next Pray advif whither You will venter the Goods ther or shall leave them here with Mr Bagnoh who desires kindly to be remembred to yoi and promises You A letter Per the Nex Vickers. See Letter XXIX. * For his commendation of Edwards an	WIKI
benefits of vitamin c About Vitamin C Let’s do a quick overview of the importance of Vitamin C. Well firstly, Vitamin C (aka ascorbic acid) is a water soluble vitamin that humans must obtain through our diet. It is required for the synthesis of collagen which forms the structural component of bone, blood vessels, tendons, and ligaments. Vitamin C also plays a critical role in our brain in the synthesis of neurotransmitters which directly affects our mood. Furthermore, Vitamin C has two other important functions. It helps transport fat to cells for conversion to energy (i.e. fat burning), and is a highly effective antioxidant. Benefits of Vitamin C As an antioxidant, Vitamin C is important because it protects our tissues from harmful toxins, pollutants and even our bodies own free radicals which are by-products of normal metabolism. As such it is believed by the scientific community that people with diets high in Vitamin C will be less susceptible to many kinds of cancer. There have been many scientific studies with Vitamin C and its effects on the common cold. Most have found Vitamin C supplementation to improve the prevention of colds but not necessarily reduce the duration of a cold. Therefore, it’s important to always be aware of your Vitamin C intake. Natural Sources vs Supplementation Natural sources of Vitamin C include citrus fruits (such as oranges, grapefruit, lemons), broccoli, sweet red pepper, tomatoes and strawberries. Surprisingly, there is little scientific evidence to show natural sources of being more effective then Vitamin C supplements. So if you find you can’t get enough fruits/vegetables on a daily basis then Vitamin C supplementation is not such a bad idea. Side Effects of Too Much Vitamin C Because Vitamin C is a water soluble vitamin, any excess is eliminated through our urine. There isn’t much conclusive evidence therefore that too much Vitamin C is a bad thing, but some studies have shown that if you are regularly taking more than 1000mg of Vitamin C every day then you have a greater likelihood of getting kidney stones. The only other negative effect of Vitamin C could be drug interactions such as with some birth control pills. So always consult with a physician if you are taking medication and any kind of supplementation. Conclusion Try and get at least 5 servings of fruits and vegetables daily to get your Vitamin C. However, you may want to supplement your diet with Vitamin C especially during the cold season. Here are some Vitamin C supplements which I recommend:	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
Brazlândia Brazlândia is the second oldest administrative region in the Federal District in Brazil. It is bordered by Sobradinho II to the northeast, Brasília to the east, and Taguatinga and Ceilândia to the south. Brazlândia was founded on June 5, 1933, receiving the status of administrative region, according to Law 4545, of December 10, 1964. Its current administrator is Devanir Gonçalves de Oliveira. It has a population of approximately 55,000 people. Geography Brazlandia has a tropical savanna climate (Aw, according to the Köppen climate classification). In general, the temperature ranges from 14 °C to 30 °C and is rarely lower than 10 °C or higher than 30 °C. Most of the year the climate is warm and pleasant, and this continues between August and October, with an average daily maximum temperature of over 22 °C. The hottest month of the year is October, with a maximum of 29 °C and a minimum of 18 °C on average. Transportation The main access road to Brazlândia is the Expresso São José 27, and the main highways that access the administrative region are the Estrada Parque do Contorno - EPCT (DF-001), DF-170, DF-180, DF-206, DF-220 and DF-240, BR-251, as well as the Federal Highway BR-080 which connects to the Belém-Brasília highway, shortening access to the north and south of the country by approximately 300 km. In other words, Brazlândia is a hub for the country's North and South National Integration Hubs.	WIKI
Why does my back hurt? Man hurts his back Everyone has experienced back pain. For some it is a periodic pain, for others it is constant. To get rid of discomfort, many people drink pain relievers and do not pay attention to the true causes of discomfort. This can lead to serious complications and pathologies. Back pain can be caused by diseases of the internal organs or the spine, as well as injuries. Sometimes discomfort is the result of poor posture, physical exertion, or sudden movement. First, you need to find out why your back hurts, and only then start treatment. Types of back pain The diagnosis can be assumed taking into account the nature of the back pain. For example, if the pain is painful and is aggravated by heavy lifting, physical exertion, hypothermia, or prolonged immobility, the cause may be myositis, low back pain, or intervertebral hernia. Acute pain radiating to the legs or arms may indicate radiculitis, intervertebral hernia, or osteochondrosis. Unpleasant sensations are aggravated by walking, bending, or coughing, and limb weakness is felt. Anyway, intervertebral hernia, lumbago and osteochondrosis, as well as spondylosis, can also cause throbbing pain. This is confirmed when the pain does not subside even after painkillers. If shooting or squeezing pain occurs in the chest area, this is a sign of pulmonary embolism or myocardial infarction. The discomfort in the spine speaks of spondyloarthrosis and in the lumbar region, of intestinal obstruction. Atherosclerosis can be the cause of crushing neck pain. Back pain after sleeping In the morning, your back can hurt, not just from the wrong mattress or the wrong posture during sleep. Hypothermia, stress, or lifting heavy objects the day before can cause stiffness and pain under the shoulder blades, in the lower back, on the right or left side. The reasons can be different: curvature of the spine, osteochondrosis, intervertebral hernia or obesity. Also, your back may hurt in the morning during pregnancy. Spine and joint pathologies Discomfort in the spine can be associated with diseases of the musculoskeletal system: • Ankylosing spondylitis. Due to muscle spasm, the patient leans forward to relieve discomfort. Later, the inflamed vertebrae harden and grow together, making the spine less flexible. • Rheumatoid arthritis. The disease begins in the knees, hip joint, or shoulders, and then moves to the cervical spine. In the morning, patients have throbbing sensations and stiffness - the affected vertebrae put unnecessary pressure on the nerves. • Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis. The patient feels discomfort in the lumbar area: the vertebrae move and squeeze the nerve endings. • Osteomyelitis. Acute muscle pain occurs due to an infection in the bone tissue of the spine. • Osteochondrosis. With this disease, the depreciation of the spine is aggravated. The discs between the vertebrae are damaged and the fibrous annulus ruptures: the nucleus of the disc comes out through the cracks and is pinched. • Intervertebral hernia. The bulge between the vertebrae is compressed during movement, as a result of which it is affected. Diseases associated with the musculature. The source of the discomfort may be spasms and indurations in the muscular corset that supports the spine: • Fibromyalgia With this disease, the back hurts from the neck to the lower back, and the discomfort is aggravated by pressing certain places. • DermatomyositisThe skin around the striated and smooth muscles becomes inflamed. • Polymyositis. The disease is caused by overexertion or hypothermia: it hurts to turn and muscles are weak. • Polymyalgia rheumatica. It is difficult for the patient to stand up without someone's help and the asymmetry is clearly visible on his back. • Charcot's disease. The peripheral nerves along the spine become inflamed. Sensitivity worsens, muscles weaken, and the patient's gait changes. Spinal cord diseases Unpleasant sensations can occur due to the fact that any part of the spinal cord is pinched or inflamed. Sources of pain in this case: • compression of the spinal membranes as a result of a fracture, hematoma or abscess; • inflammation of the nearby muscles; • circulatory disorders; • hemorrhage; • lack of vitamins; • complication of HIV or syphilis; • back tumor of various etiology; • multiple sclerosis. Psychosomatic The back can also hurt from psychological factors: depression, nervous tension, chronic stress or sexual dissatisfaction. Location of back pain Unpleasant sensations at different points on the back are caused by different factors. For example, pain on the right side occurs due to lordosis, scoliosis, kyphosis, or displacement of the intervertebral disc. The left side hurts due to splenitis, pinching of the spine or duodenitis, and the origin of low back pain can be sciatica, osteochondrosis or intervertebral hernia. If it hurts just above the lower back on the right, it may be myositis, on the left - osteochondrosis. Discomfort in the entire spine indicates a bulge, which can develop into osteochondrosis. When should you see a doctor as soon as possible? If the cause of back pain is tension or stress, it will go away after a few days. However, in the event that the pain only increases, urgent medical attention is needed. Immediate medical consultation is needed in the following situations: • cannot find a position where the pain is weak; • have recently had a back injury or contusion; • the condition worsens at night; • the patient's gait has changed; • the patient has a fever; • limbs become weak, numb, tingling is felt; • painkillers don't help. Back pain diagnosis To determine the cause of your back discomfort, you need to make an appointment with a neurologist. If necessary, blood tests should be done to check for infection or inflammation. Examinations may also be necessary, which will be prescribed by a specialist. Duplex and triplex ultrasound of the vessels in the neck and brain is needed to diagnose the causes of headache, dizziness, or high blood pressure. MRI allows you to see tumors in the vertebrae, compression of the spinal nerves and the spinal cord, herniated intervertebral discs, narrowing of the spinal canal. CT is needed to detect vertebral fractures. X-rays help assess the state of bone structures to diagnose fractures, spondylolisthesis, arthritis, and the degree of poor posture. Electromyography detects compression of the nerve due to spinal stenosis or a herniated disc. How to relieve back pain? First of all, you need to relax. To do this, lie on your stomach on a flat, hard surface, preferably on the floor. After a few minutes, roll onto your back and lift your legs so they are at a 90-degree angle. This will reduce the load on the column. Anti-inflammatory ointments and creams are also helpful. When the pain subsides, you need to get up gently and bandage the painful area with a scarf or towel. If pain relievers are not available, a cold compress (an ice pack or food from the freezer) will help relieve severe pain. It will not be possible to completely get rid of the discomfort, but it can alleviate the condition. The diametrically opposite option will also help: a heating pad or a heating compress. A light warm-up or a quiet walk will help get rid of unpleasant sensations. Back pain treatment After examination and diagnosis, the doctor prescribes treatment. To ease the discomfort, a specialist prescribes pain relievers, B vitamins, and muscle relaxants. Sometimes bed rest and wearing a special corset are recommended. An important stage of treatment is physical therapy. These are drug electrophoresis, laser therapy, phonophoresis, and magnetic therapy. Electrostimulation and acupuncture also help. For back pain, massage, manual therapy, osteopathy, and exercise therapy are effective. They also help with trauma rehabilitation. Back pain prevention. To avoid back discomfort, you need to move more. Morning exercises and yoga, contrast shower, and massage courses are effective. It is important to maintain the health of the collagen-producing liver and to stimulate immunity. The weight is worth keeping an eye on, as every ten extra pounds increases the load on the spine. But first of all, you need to avoid stress and create a uniform psychological atmosphere around yourself.	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
use strict; use warnings; package Data::Rx::FailureSet; { $Data::Rx::FailureSet::VERSION = '0.200002'; } # ABSTRACT: multiple structured failure reports from an Rx checker use overload '""' => \&stringify; sub new { my ($class, $arg) = @_; my $failures; my $guts = { failures => [ map $_->isa('Data::Rx::FailureSet') ? @{ $_->{failures} } : $_, @{ $arg->{failures} \|\| [] }, ] }; bless $guts => $class; } sub failures { $_[0]->{failures} } sub contextualize { my ($self, $struct) = @_; foreach my $failure (@{ $self->{failures} }) { $failure->contextualize($struct); } return $self; } sub stringify { my ($self) = @_; if (@{$self->{failures}}) { return join "\n", map "$_", @{$self->{failures}}; } else { return "No failures\n"; } } sub build_struct { my ($self) = @_; return unless @{$self->{failures}}; my $data; foreach my $failure (@{$self->{failures}}) { my @path = $failure->data_path; my @type = $failure->data_path_type; @path == @type or die "bad path info in build_struct()"; # go to the appropriate location in the struct, vivifying as necessary my $p = \$data; for (my $i = 0; $i < @path; ++$i) { if ($type[$i] eq 'k') { if (ref $$p && ref $$p ne 'HASH') { die "conflict in path info in build_struct()"; } # if $$p already points to an error, replace it with the ref # I believe this can only happen with type errors in //all -- rjk $$p = {} unless ref $$p; $p = \$$p->{$path[$i]}; } elsif ($type[$i] eq 'i') { if (ref $$p && ref $$p ne 'ARRAY') { die "conflict in path info in build_struct()"; } # if $$p already points to an error, replace it with the ref # I believe this can only happen with type errors in //all -- rjk $$p = [] unless ref $$p; $p = \$$p->[$path[$i]]; } else { die "bad path type in build_struct()"; } } # insert the errors into the struct at the current location my $error = ($failure->error_types)[0]; if ($error eq 'missing' \|\| $error eq 'unexpected') { if (defined $$p && ref $$p ne 'HASH') { die "conflict in path info in build_struct()"; } my @keys = $failure->keys; $$p \|\|= {}; @{$$p}{@keys} = ($error) x @keys; } elsif ($error eq 'size') { if (defined $$p && ref $$p ne 'ARRAY') { die "conflict in path info in build_struct()"; } my $size = $failure->size; $$p \|\|= []; $$p->[$size] = $error; } else { if (ref $$p) { # if $$p already points to a ref, leave it and skip the error # I believe this can only happen with type errors in //all -- rjk } else { $$p .= ',' if defined $$p; $$p .= $error; } } } return $data; } 1; __END__ =pod =head1 NAME Data::Rx::FailureSet - multiple structured failure reports from an Rx checker =head1 VERSION version 0.200002 =head1 AUTHOR Ricardo SIGNES =head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE This software is copyright (c) 2012 by Ricardo SIGNES. This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself. =cut	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 21.djvu/613 Rh SEALS 587 French Royal Seals. 1 The earliest and most complete series of seals is that of the French kings. The Carlo- vingian and Merovingian monarchs mostly used antique gems or pastes, portrait heads being selected and a legend added in the metal setting of the matrix. Charle- magne used a head of Jupiter Serapis, 2 Pippin the Short that of the Indian Dionysus. The British Museum pos- sesses a seal of Odo or Eudes, king of France (888-898), impressed from a fine Greek gem of the 3d century B.C., with a portrait of Seleucus IV. The oldest existing matrix is that of Lothaire I. (c. 817), now preserved at Aix-la- Chapelle, attached to an altar-cross. It is an oval intaglio in rock crystal, with a laureated portrait and the legend Hh XPE. ADIWA. HLOTHARIVM. REG. ; it is not an antique, but is of contemporary Byzantino-Rhenish. Avork. Till the time of Louis VI. (1108-1137) these seals were plaque, but he introduced pendant seals about 1108 ; and counter- seals at the back were first used by Louis VII. (1137-80). The grand series of round seals with an enthroned figure of the king begins with the Capet Henry I. (1031-60). The king holds a sceptre in one hand and a flower in the other. Those of the queens are frequently of a pointed oval form, with a standing portrait figure holding a flower in each hand. In the 13th and 14th centuries the French royal seals were elaborate works of art, with a finely draped figure of the king seated under a rich canopy on a throne, decorated with lions' or eagles' heads ; the king holds a sceptre in each hand. The queens' seals, of a round or pointed oval form, are also very beautiful, with a graceful figure standing between two shields under a rich canopy. After the 15th century there was a rapid decadence in the royal seals, and in the 17th and 18th centuries they were of the most tasteless style, far worse than those used in England at the same date. English Royal Seals. This, which is on the whole the most beautiful of all royal series, begins with the seal of Edward the Con- fessor (see fig. I). 3 The great seal of Will- iam the Norman and his successors was not plaque, like the earlier ones, but pendant ; it has on one side an enthroned figure of a king copied from contemporary French seals, and on the re- verse the king on horseback armed with spear and shield. These two ways of representing the sovereign have been used on all the royal seals of England down to the present day. By degrees greater elaboration of ornament was introduced into the throne and its canopy. In Edward III.'s time niches with minute statuettes of saints were added at the sides of the obverse. The climax of magnificence was reached in the reign of Henry V. On the obverse of his seal the king 1 See Wailly, filfrnents de PaUographie, vol. ii., pi. A. ; by various authors, Tr&sor de Num. et de Glyptique, vol. i., Paris, 1834 (which contains also plates of English royal seals) ; Douet-d'Arcq, Coll. de Sceaux de V Empire, Paris, 1863-68; Bulletin de la Soctitt de Sphragis- tique, Paris, v.y. ; D'Anisy, Recuett de Sceaux Normands, Caen, 1835. 2 The monks of Durham also used a gem with a head of Jupiter Serapis, round which was added the legend CAPVT. SANCTI. OSWALDI. 3 The English kings before the Conquest signed usually with a cross only, but a few, such as Offa, Ethelwulf, and Ethelred, occasionally used seals, especially on documents containing grants to St Denis and other French abbeys, on which they followed the French custom of affixing plaqut seals. FIG. 1. Seal of Edward the Confessor. sits holding the orb and sceptre ; the gorgeous canopy contains statuettes of the Virgin and two saints, and at each side are three rows of statuettes in minute canopied niches, each row two tiers high ; about fifteen minute figures of saints and angels are introduced into the design. On the reverse is the king on horseback, bearing a sword and shield ; the horse, going at full speed, is clothed with richly embroidered heraldic drapery, and on its head and on the king's is a lion crest. After Henry V. the seals began to decrease in magnificence, and in the reign of Henry VII. the new taste of the Renaissance began to supplant the pure Gothic of the earlier seals. In the time of Philip and Mary both sovereigns appear together, seated under canopies, or riding side by side. 4 The great seal of the Commonwealth is a marvel of ugliness. On the obverse is a perspective view of the interior of the House of Commons, and on the reverse a map of Great Britain and Ireland. Cromwell's seal has an equestrian portrait of himself, and its reverse the arms of the Commonwealth between a lion and a dragon as supporters. Little is noticeable about the seals of succeeding sovereigns ; that of Victoria is minutely cut, but is very poor as a work of art. Other English Seals. Gilt bronze was the commonest material for large seals, but other metals were used, such as gold, silver, and lead, also jet and ivory, especially before the Norman Conquest. Rock crystal, carnelian, and sard were the favourites among the hard stones cut for matrices. Large seals were usually either round or of a pointed oval form (as in figs. 2 and 3) ; the small secreta were sometimes square, triangular, or hexagonal, as well as round or oval. 5 The most elaborate and beautiful of all were those of religious corporations, such as the chapter seals of monasteries. 6 These are among the most exquisite works of art that the Middle Ages produced, especially during the 14th century, and exceed in delicacy of work- manship and elaboration of design the finest seals of all other classes, not excepting those of the sovereigns. Fig. 2 shows the common seal of Boxgrove priory (Sussex), the matrix of which is now in the British Museum. On one side is a figure of the Virgin enthroned, and on the reverse a representation of the west front of the priory church, with open tracery and niches contain- ing minute statuettes. This \| elaborate matrix is made up of four distinct pieces of gilt bronze, and to form the perfect seal must have been a work requiring con- siderable skill and patience. The reverse was formed by two stamps used on two separate plaques of softened FIG. 2. Fourteenth-century seal of wax : one of these formed Boxgrove priory ; reverse, the background with the various statuettes, and the second was used to stamp the open tracery work of the front of the church ; the latter when hard was fitted on to the 4 A variety of design is introduced on the reverse of one of Queen Elizabeth's seals : she is represented standing, holding the orb and sceptre, and wears a dress with enormous hoops. Her other seal has the usual equestrian portrait on the reverse. 6 As a rule, from the 12th to the 15th century, ecclesiastical seals and those of females were of the pointed oval form, most others being circular ; there are, however, many exceptions to this rule. 6 A special English office for the blessing of seals is printed by Maskell, Mon. Rituulia, 1882, vol. iii.	WIKI
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Carl Safran The result was delete. Malcolmxl5 (talk) 02:48, 13 April 2018 (UTC) Carl Safran * – ( View AfD View log Stats ) Puffy article with uncited claims, on a person of only regional notability. Softlavender (talk) 03:39, 28 March 2018 (UTC) * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Academics and educators-related deletion discussions. The Mighty Glen (talk) 08:11, 28 March 2018 (UTC) * Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Alberta-related deletion discussions. The Mighty Glen (talk) 08:11, 28 March 2018 (UTC) * Comment No opinion on the notability yet, but I cleaned up a lot of the non-neutral language. EricEnfermero (Talk) 09:43, 28 March 2018 (UTC) Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus. * Comment from nominator: Article was created and written by a sock farm; see WP:Sockpuppet investigations/Keevaymusic. -- Softlavender (talk) 09:58, 28 March 2018 (UTC) * Delete as creation of sock farm. OhNo itsJamie Talk 13:26, 30 March 2018 (UTC) Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, J04n(talk page) 11:51, 5 April 2018 (UTC) * Delete. There is a plausible notability claim here that might get him an article if he could be properly sourced as clearing WP:GNG for it, but nothing that's "inherently" notable enough to exempt him from having to clear GNG just because he exists — but the referencing here is parked on primary sources like pieces of his own writing, photographs and the self-published websites of organizations he was directly affiliated with, with no evidence of reliable source coverage about him in media that would count as valid support for notability. Also this was created by a banned sockpuppet, so even if his notability could be properly demonstrated by the correct kind of sources, it would still need to be deleted and then recreated from scratch anyway. Bearcat (talk) 18:49, 9 April 2018 (UTC)	WIKI
Portal:Norway/DYK/71 * ...that Morten Wetland was the campaign manager for Gro Harlem Brundtland (pictured) when she applied for the World Health Organization directorship in 1998? * ...that Thorbjørn Egners lesebøker, a series of readers for the Norwegian primary school, took the author 25 years to complete, but were made largely obsolete the year the last book was published? * ...that Norwegian trade unionist Ludvik Buland, sentenced to death by the Nazi authorities in 1941, was later reprieved, only to die in a Nacht und Nebel camp four years later? Source * 1) Recent additions 235, Numbered archive of Main Page appearance. * 2) Recent additions 235, Numbered archive of Main Page appearance. * 3) Recent additions 235, Numbered archive of Main Page appearance.	WIKI
User:Neighbourly/Sandbox test Draft Michael Mundine Michael (also known as Mick) is a Bundjalung man and father of six children. Michael was born in Grafton on the North Coast of NSW Australia in 1947 and spent the better part of his youth roaming the missions up and down the NSW coast. On arrival to Sydney in 1965 he crossed paths with Koumajay Dr Charles Perkins. With the guidance of Uncle Charlie [as Mick referred to him], Michael began his involvement in the struggle for the betterment of Aboriginal people in Sydney's Redfern community, and specifically the Block. In 1975 Michael was employed as a painter on the Block with the newly formed Redfern Aboriginal Housing Company (AHC). His tough and honest work ethic caught the eye of the Board of Directors of the Company and he was promoted to foreman. He was appointed office manager a few years later. In 1983 the then retiring Chief Executive Officer (CEO) Mr Richard Pacey encouraged Michael to apply for the position. Since then Michael has also served as director of • Redfern Aboriginal Medical Service • Redfern Aboriginal Children's Service. • Redfern Community Development Employment Program (CDEP). • In 1994 he helped resurrect the new Redfern Aboriginal Legal Service as its chairperson, a position he still holds.. Michael has also been involved in many non-indigenous groups including: • Redfern Waterloo Community Council which represents a wide cross section of local stakeholders advising the Premier of NSW;. • Redfern Drug and Alcohol Task force and the Redfern Community Safety Taskforce;. • Redfern Waterloo Chamber of Commerce; • Property Council of Australia. Michael is a keen sportsman with a particular affinity for rugby league football. In his youth he played with the Baryulgil Red Devils and the Woodenbong All Blacks. In Sydney he played with the Redfern All Blacks and in 1974 led the South Sydney Jr. league team to victory in the Grand Final. He played representative football for many years and in 1981 was with Zetland when they won the Grand Final, the Kentucky Cup and the Aboriginal Knockout all in the same year. Now retired from representative sport he coaches basketball and touch football every year and runs a women's circuit class three times a week at the Redfern Gym. ‘The best way to describe Michael Mundine is that he is a people person with an abundance of common sense and a lot of love in his heart. His vision for Redfern is for a better future where the next generation, so Aboriginal people can share in the prosperity that all other Australians already enjoy’ Draft Aboriginal Housing Company IHW Aim prov low rental housing to local families and empl and trainng for abl buiding workers Research and planning * 2000 Planning team formed. planning workshops provided opportunity for consultation with community and professionals. Recommendations were accepted by the Board, and formed the foundations for a series of audits. and responding to NSW Premier's 10 best design examples of 2001 * 2001 The Social Plan received a national award for excellence in community housing in the category of innovation * 2002 Top 12 final year architecture students at Sydney University interpreted .. * 2002 Redfern Waterloo Partnership Project was set up by the NSW Government to act as liaison between the community and the government, described as a whole of government / whole of community approach. * 2002 The exhibition 'Dreaming of the Block' ran for some months. Feedback was documented by social planner. * 2003 A working model was created to test the feedback, and to enable more consultation. It was presented in July to Col Gellatly, Director-General of the Premier's Department and a range of other deparment executives. The government requested that the Macquarie Bank conduct an independent financial forecast for the Pemulwuuy Project. The findings revealed that upon completion of the project, the AHC would be financially independent for the next 20 years. The AHC signed a memorandum of understanding with the key stakeholders in Redfern's future, inlcuding the NSW Government, The South Sydney Council and the University of Sydney. The NSW government commissioned the Government Achitect's Office to prepare new designs that included 62 home for Aboriginal families. Working with NSW government The Block was central to many aspects of the general redevelopment of Redfern. Aboriginal Housing Company, Pemulwuy Project Profile 2000-2005 (2005). * 2003 Red Square was the name given for a proposed civic space opposite Redfern Railway Station at the junction of Lawson and Eveleigh Street. It was part of the Aboriginal Housing Company’s plan for The Block. The proposal was taken up in the 2003 NSW Government’s RED Strategy consultation * 2004 Ken Morrison from the Property Council of Australia said “If that Redfern station area is going to be the hub of a new commercial zone then The Block will just have to go”. [February 16] * 2004 Ministerial Directions Paper [May 14] * 2004 October Cabinet papers sighted The State Government has a $5 billion plan to redevelop Redfern and the surrounding suburbs that involves seizing control of Aboriginal housing on the Block and letting private developers take over two-thirds of the area's public housing estates. * 2004 Premier announced establishment of the Redfern-Waterloo Authority RWA 'to shake-up the area and renew the last part of the city fringe'. Also announced that Frank Sartor would have responsibility. [26 October] * 2004 Redfern Waterloo Authority Actintroduced [November 11] * 2004 Cabinet reported SMH [November] Redevelopment of the Block would increase the value of Redfern Railway Station by 25 to 30 per cent. Without this, commercial development of the station would probably be impracticable, according to the Department of Commerce * 2004 December 16 Final Report on Inquiry into issues relating to Redfern and Waterloo http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/parlment/committee.nsf/0/77220A893AEA0E16CA256F6C00098A80 * 2005 January 17 - The Redfern-Waterloo Authority established, one of its briefs to develop Redfern Railway Station * 2005 February 8 Minister Sartor personally met with the AHC Board for the first time. He made it clear that he would not support the Pemulwuy Project. The Minister wanted to establish a taskforce with the AHC, which would include representatives from State, Federal and local Governments, and/or of the Minister's choosing. Under this proposal, the Minister retained the power to unilaterally overrule any suggestions proposed. The offer was made on a ‘take it or leave it’ basis. * 2005 February Redwatch reported AHC Board Continues Support for Pemulwuy Project Minister Sartor is quoted in the 16th February edition of the Sydney Central Courier as saying “We need a new vision for the block and I don’t think the plan [for new housing developed by the Aboriginal Housing Company] is sufficiently different enough”. The Minister has met with the AHC Board to press his views; however the AHC’s Board has subsequently reaffirmed their continued support for The Pemulwuy Project as being the best long term solution for The Block. Minister Sartor was seen to be in a rush to sort out what would happen on The Block so the RWA can provide some certainty about the area to potential developers interested in the station development. The Government does not seem to have an issue about the need to provide Aboriginal housing in Redfern Waterloo, just about how much should be on The Block near the station. > * 2005 February The AHC board decided to leave it and to continue to work to bring the Pemulwuy project to realisation. They proceeded to establish the Pemulwuy Vision Taskforce, chaired by Australian Labor Party elder statesman Tom Uren, to look further at both the Pemulwuy Project and at the broader vision for the area. REF A map of Redfern Waterloo has been published in the Government Gazette, which shows the initial areas declared as state significant within the Redfern Waterloo Authority (RWA) boundaries. The map includes private land as well as the publicly owned land which were to pass to the RWA under the provisions of the Redfern Waterloo Act. * 2005 May 5 Minister Sartor was reported as taking planning control of Redfern's Block The declaration of The Block within the gazetted area of state significance of the RWA will put the future of the Aboriginal Housing Company's Pemulwuy project under the planning control of its major opponent. Minister Sartor has made plain his opposition to the proposed 62-house project on the Aboriginal owned Block. The City of Sydney Council will no longer have planning control over the Pemulwuy project. Sartor makes land claim for Redfern’s Block The state government has taken planning control of Redfern’s Block from the City of Sydney by declaring it and other surrounding privately owned lands as state significant under the Redfern Waterloo Authority. The declaration also includes Government land along the railway corridor. The Aboriginal Housing Company (AHC) that wants to develop the Pemulwuy housing project now has to get Frank Sartor’s approval for the project to proceed. Frank Sartor has previously told the AHC that he does not want the Aboriginal housing project to proceed. * 2005 July 1 The Redfern-Waterloo Authority assumed responsibility. (Redfern Waterloo Partnership Project ceased operating.) * 2005 August 3 Frank Sartor recorded as Minister for Planning and Minister for Redfern Waterloo * 2005 August Minister Frank Sartor's open letter to Mick Mundine. The Minister said he was only prepared to replace the 19 homes still existing around The Block and that the Government would find housing for the balance of the 62 homes elsewhere in Redfern-Waterloo. The letter re-stated the Minister’s position and attempted to hold the AHC responsible for the failure of the RWA and the AHC to sit down ‘to come up with a shared vision for The Block’. * 2005 August 29 The Minister admitted publicly that the RWA and the AHC had reached an impasse. He said, ‘[e]verything's negotiable except for concentration of high-dependency housing there’. * 2005 September 7 Mick Mundine's reply - abridged version posted at REDWatch * 2005 September 19 Sartor publicly apologised for a racial slur made during a Koori Radio interview. It prompted calls to resign from the Opposition, and a reprimand from Premier Morris Iemma. * 2005 October 7 The Redfern-Waterloo Authority commenced their website * 2006 June 1 The Minister for Redfern Waterloo, Frank Sartor, entered into an agreement with the Mal Brough on behalf of the Commonwealth of Australia to co-ordinate NSW Government and Federal activity in Redfern-Waterloo. Geoff TO DO Prior to the RWA announcement, the Premier’s Department had been working with the AHC on the Pemulwuy Project.[21] The project was based on an award-winning[22] social plan[23] and included 62 homes to be built in The Block area. There had been many meetings discussing crime prevention, design and other issues of concern to the AHC and the RWPP. As the land owner of The Block, the AHC expected that, in the words of Minister Sartor to NCOSS and other organisations: The RWA will... consult closely with the Aboriginal community and the Aboriginal Housing Company when considering plans for The Block and Aboriginal housing. The government recognises the importance of The Block and it will remain a place of significance to the Aboriginal community.[24] In early December 2004, the RWPP had spelt out the Government’s position on The Block: No decisions have been made about the future of The Block. The Aboriginal Housing Company and the Minister for Redfern-Waterloo are working together to establish a sustainable vision for the area. There is a continuing dialogue between the Minister’s office and members of the Aboriginal Housing Company. Whatever happens on The Block, a broad community consultation strategy will occur. The site is of great significance to Aboriginal people in NSW and across Australia... The NSW Parliament Social Issues Standing Committee Inquiry into Issues Relating to Redfern-Waterloo acknowledged that the redevelopment of The Block is of utmost importance. There is no intention by the State Government to compulsorily acquire The Block.[25] However, the first time Minister Sartor personally met with the AHC Board on 8 February 2005 he made it clear that he would not support the Pemulwuy Project. Instead the Minister said he was only prepared to replace the 19 homes still existing around The Block and that the Government would find housing for the balance of the 62 homes elsewhere in Redfern-Waterloo.[26] DONE The Minister wanted to establish a taskforce with the AHC, which would also include representatives from State, Federal and local Governments, to establish ‘a new positive vision for The Block and its environs’.[27] Letter from Frank Sartor to Action for World Development, 31 August 2005. done While the Minister promised it would have an Aboriginal majority it would not consider the Pemulwuy Project or The Block being used for Aboriginal housing. Apart from the AHC representatives, the other members would be Government representatives or of the Minister’s choosing. Under this proposal, the Minister retained the power to unilaterally overrule any suggestions proposed.[28] Frank Sartor, Ministerial Briefing Paper to AHC Board Meeting, 8 February 2005. done The offer was made on a ‘take it or leave it’[29] basis. [29] Interview with Board Members at the AHC Board Meeting, 8 February 2005. and the AHC board decided to leave it and to continue to work to bring the Pemulwuy project to realisation. done The AHC then proceeded to establish the Pemulwuy Vision Taskforce, chaired by Australian Labor Party elder statesman Tom Uren, to look further at both the Pemulwuy Project and at the broader vision for the area.[30] On 29 August 2005 the Minister admitted publicly that the RWA and the AHC had reached an impasse. He said, ‘[e]verything's negotiable except for concentration of high-dependency housing there’.[31] A subsequent request by the RWA for a copy of the AHC’s plans for The Block ‘as a means of moving matters forward’ brought some hope of an agreement.[32] Hope died a few days later, however, when an open letter from Frank Sartor to Mick Mundine, AHC Chief Executive Officer, appeared on the front page of the RWA’s first newsletter.[33] The letter re-stated the Minister’s position and attempted to hold the AHC responsible for the failure of the RWA and the AHC to sit down ‘to come up with a shared vision for The Block’. The ongoing battle between the Government and the AHC is being documented on the AHC’s website.[34] Pemulwuy Project support / opposition ?? * date ? The NSW government drew up plans for the development of government owned land * Redfern-Waterloo Authority (RWA) created by the government. * The government withdrew its support for the Pemulwuy Project * September 2006 ? The Built Environment Plan was released by the government. Awards * 2001 National Award for Excellence in Community Housing in the category of Innovation, for Community Social Plan * 2004 International 2004 CPTED Innovation Award from the International Security Management and Crime prevention Institute & the International CPTED Association, for Community Safety Report. More References * Aboriginal Housing Company * Aboriginal Housing Company Ltd (AHC) in Redfern-Waterloo Chamber of Commerce * Aboriginal Housing Company in Redfern Oral History * AHC Community social plan; Redfern - Pemulwuy Project. 2nd edition. Redfern; AHC, 2007 * Bellear, Kaye in Redfern Oral History * Bellear, Robert W. [ed] Black housing Amber Press, 1976 pp.4-5 * Inquiry into issues relating to Redfern and Waterloo 16 December, 2004 Final Report * Col James in Redfern Oral History * Living black Redfern redevelopment. SBS TV, 20 Jun 2005 * Living black Redfern's redevelopment plans continue. SBS TV 25 Oct 2006 * Redfern-Waterloo Authority * Pemulwuy Project * Pemulwuy Project amendment * Farrelly, Elizabeth Secret Business Puts a Community at Risk SMH, 29 November 2004 * Memorandum of Understanding between the NSW Government, South Sydney City Council, the University of Sydney and the Aboriginal Housing Company Ltd 1 March 2003 in Agreements, Treaties and Negotiated Settlements Project * Metropolitan Strategy Ministerial Directions paper May 2004 * 'Minister Sartor’s Comments on Koori Radio Impact on Redfern Waterloo' in REDWatch 23 September 2005 * Redevelopment of the Block; Legislative council Inquiry into issues relating to Redfern-Waterloo. Chapter 3. August 2004 * Redfern-Waterloo Authority * REDWatch * Rice, Elizabeth The Two Realities on The Block in Indigenous Law Bulletin ILB 46, 2005 * Ryle G and Jobson D Maximising market value the main game in Redfern plan SMH 29 November, 2004 * Turnbull, Geoff Actions speak louder than words: Redfern-Waterloo’s recent experience of ‘Consultation' in Indigenous Law Bulletin ILB 47, 2005 Actions speak louder than words * Willis, Dr Ian Howie 'Aboriginal Housing Company' in Aboriginal encyclopaedia of Australia 1994 Canberra; Aboriginal Studies Press, 1994 * Wilson, Jacqui Urban Indigenous Housing Issues in Redfern in Indigenous law Bulletin [2005] ILB 45, 2005 Breaking the silence [ANTAR] stated that the government response makes sense, but they are concerned that they refused to fund the program. Both the NSW Government and Opposition have refused to provide the funds because these are Aboriginal children at risk and so they don't think that enough voters will care. task force headed by Aboriginal leader, Marcia Ella-Duncan. 118 rec govt accised of sitting on the report for nearly 9 months Marcia after process of three years, keen to see something happen frusttr nsw defens – lloking to implement 88 of the rec Programs exist where people are doing it themselves eg rekindleing the spirit outside Lismore, establishing safe havens Still a shoroud of silence, dangerous for women who speak up, of backlash, Living black http://news.sbs.com.au/livingblack/	WIKI
Re: Integer 128 != Integer 128 ?? From: Eric Sosman <esosman@ieee-dot-org.invalid> Newsgroups: comp.lang.java.programmer Date: Wed, 13 Oct 2010 07:52:00 -0400 Message-ID: <i946jv$mf4$1@news.eternal-september.org> On 10/13/2010 12:23 AM, Peter Duniho wrote: Daniel Pitts wrote: Its not the synchronized statement that boxing affected, its the ++ statement. count is a different reference every time "incrementCount" gets called, and therefore two threads may see different values of count inside the synchronize block. They will indeed become less likely to properly synchronize over time. Ah, right. I'm not sure what "over time" has to do with it. And the problem could be mitigated by compiler, run-time, and hardware optimizations (i.e. the field isn't "volatile" and so even after it's been updated in one thread, another thread might still see the out-of-date value, the reference that's being used for synchronization). But yes, I see the problem in the code now. For posterity, the correct approach is to use an AtomicInteger. I'd say that's _a_ correct approach. It would also be fine to synchronize on a different object, and even to do so while storing the integer value in an actual "int" instead of boxing it. Right. I don't recall the original questioner saying much about the genesis of his problem, but I harbored the suspicion that he might have begun with static int count = 0; ... synchronized(count) { count++; } The compiler, naturally, would have objected. So I suspect he cast around a bit and discovered that static Integer count = 0; ... synchronized(count) { count++; } made the error message go away. Had he done this before auto-boxing was inflicted on the suffering world, he'd instead have encountered two more error messages, one for the attempt to initialize an Integer with an int, and one for trying to apply the ++ operator to an object reference. Those messages would not have solved his problem either, of course, but at least they would have let him know he was still in trouble and that it wasn't time to declare victory and move on. Auto-boxing isn't syntactic sugar; it's syntactic saccharine: sweet, but devoid of nutritional value. -- Eric Sosman esosman@ieee-dot-org.invalid Generated by PreciseInfo ™ "Freemasonry has a religious service to commit the body of a deceased brother to the dust whence it came, and to speed the liberated spirit back to the Great Source of Light. Many Freemasons make this flight with no other guarantee of a safe landing than their belief in the religion of Freemasonry"	ESSENTIALAI-STEM
Canadian Criminal Evidence/Inferences General Principles An inference, like a presumption, is a method of establishing fact without direct evidence. An inference is discretionary on the judge to make, but it must be supported by evidence. Any rational conclusion must be based on evidence. The ability of a judge to make inferences should be limited, otherwise it would leave the crown in the position where they would have to disprove "every possible conjecture, no matter how irrational or fanciful". The difference between an inference and mere speculation is a fine line to distinguish. Where the accused's post-offence conduct is "equally explained by" or "equally consistent with" two or more offences, there should be a "no probative value" instructions. Failing to Call Certain Witnesses The Crown does not need to call any witnesses it considers to be unnecessary. Likewise, the crown does not need to call unidentified witnesses or untrustworthy witnesses. In some instances, an adverse inference may be drawn from a party's failure to call certain witnesses. There are roughly two groups of inferences. First, the adverse inference will often be drawn where a party fails "to produce a witness reasonably assumed to be favourably disposed to that party" Second, the inference may be drawn where the party failing to call has "exclusive" control over the witness. The party failing to call must be given the right to explain the failure to call the witness. The inference may only be drawn where there is no other reasonable explanation for the failure to call the witness. Given the risk of shifting the onus onto the defence. Such an inference should only be drawn with the "greatest of caution" when dealing with an inference against the defence.	WIKI
Giant tree frog (disambiguation) The giant tree frog (Litoria infrafrenata), a frog in the family Hylidae and world's largest tree frog, is native to the rainforests of Northern Queensland, New Guinea, the Bismarck Islands, and the Admiralty Islands. Giant tree frog may also refer to: * Giant treefrog (Rhacophorus maximus), a frog in the family Rhacophoridae found in southwestern China (Yunnan, Tibet), northeastern India, Nepal, western Thailand, and northern Vietnam, and possibly in Bangladesh * Hispaniolan giant tree frog (Osteopilus vastus), a frog in the family Hylidae found in the Dominican Republic and Haiti	WIKI

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