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Firmware re-compiled with 4K page-size?
Hey Guys,
I know there are people working on recompiling debian packages with 64K page-size so that they can work on v4 firmware. But it’s a really laborious process due to the sheer amount of debs in Wheezy and it doesn’t look feasible to do it for all of them.
Has somebody been looking into a different approach: recompiling the v4 firmware with a standard 4K page size so that apt source work righ out of the box? Is there really any gain by using 64K page-size?
PageSize in 64k - Its CPU feature. He run faster with that.
FW v4 and v3 is same, but v4 compiled with pagesize=64kb. (+ few bug fixes and updates)
Correct, in theory it runs faster. I am willing to tradeoff some speed for being able to run stanard debs. Anyone know if recompiling the firmware can be done?
Rather have the speed :smiley:
You could just stick to v3, or better, use Fox_exe’s OVM. He also has a 64k repo. Checkout his thread.
Recompiling v4 firmwares with 4k is a waste of time IMHO. Least is that you could just probably port over v4 dashboard to v3 (just minor changes I believe) then upgrade some of v3 stuffs via jessie or sid.
I prefer speed, reading v3 80ish mbps vs v4 108ish mbps is quite a lot of trade off.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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3M to restructure business into four units
(Reuters) - 3M Co said on Monday it would restructure its business into four operating units from five, as it looks to sharpen its focus on customers and boost growth. The company’s shares fell 1 percent in early trading after it announced the four units - safety & industrial, transportation & electronics, healthcare and consumer. Earlier, the company’s industrial, and safety & graphics businesses were separate. The maker of Scotch tape and Post-It notes, which reported total sales of $32.77 billion for the last fiscal year, said it expects annual revenue from its safety & industrial unit to be $12 billion, and $7 billion from its transportation & electronics unit. The U.S. manufacturer has been struggling with a slowdown in its Chinese business, and said in January it saw sluggish sales in its global automotive and electronics business led by weak customer demand in China. 3M, which makes everything from adhesive tapes to air filters, will start reporting its financial results under this new structure from the second quarter of 2019. 3M also said James Bauman, executive vice president of its industrial business, and Joaquin Delgado, executive vice president of its consumer business, would retire. Reporting by Sanjana Shivdas in Bengaluru; Editing by Maju Samuel
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Williams breaks three-year title drought to win in Auckland
WELLINGTON (Reuters) - Serena Williams won her first title since the 2017 Australian Open with a 6-3 6-4 victory over Jessica Pegula at the Auckland Classic on Sunday but was unable to complete the perfect week in New Zealand when she lost the doubles final. The 38-year-old Williams, who said she would donate all her prize money to Australian bushfire relief funds, and good friend Caroline Wozniacki were beaten by American duo Asia Muhammad and Taylor Townsend 6-4 6-4. The result meant that Wozniacki was unable to complete her own fairytale farewell to a tournament with which she has become synonymous, having played in New Zealand’s largest city every year since 2015. The 29-year-old Dane, who was beaten by Pegula in the singles semi-finals, is retiring after the Australian Open, which runs from Jan 20 to Feb. 2. “I have loved coming back here,” Wozniacki said after tournament organizers made a special presentation before the doubles trophy was given to Muhammad and Townsend. “Serena, thank you playing doubles with me, it has been so much fun and the only regrets I have is that we didn’t do this sooner. “I have had such a blast and it is rare that I have this much fun on court and it was a really fun way to finish off in Auckland.” Williams’ singles victory, however, gave the American her 73rd WTA title and broke a near three-year drought, despite having appeared in five finals since she clinched her 23rd Grand Slam crown with a win at the Australian Open in 2017. She is chasing Australian Margaret Court’s record 24 Grand Slam singles titles, but has lost two Wimbledon and two U.S. Open finals since her 6-4 6-4 victory over elder sister Venus in Melbourne. “It feels good, it has been a long time,” Williams said. “I played an incredible opponent in Jessica and honestly it was a great match.” Williams had struggled for consistency earlier in the week, but sent an ominous message to the Australian Open field when she demolished promising teenager Amanda Anisimova 6-1 6-1 in their semi-final and then beat an impressive Pegula on Sunday. “I was definitely improving as the week went on and I needed to because I had some tough matches,” Williams said. “I feel fortunate and blessed to be out here and to be healthy and to play. I have been playing for so long and been through so much and I’m happy to be doing something I love.” Reporting by Greg Stutchbury; Editing by Christian Schmollinger and Clarence Fernandez
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Gülşah
Gülşah is a feminine name and it may refer to:
* Gülşah Hatun (died in 1487), a concubine of Mehmed II of the Ottoman Empire
* Gülşah Akkaya (born 1977), Turkish basketballer
* Gülşah Düzgün (born 1995), Turkish Paralympian goalball player
* Gülşah Gümüşay (born 1989), Turkish basketballer
* Gülşah Günenç (born 1985), Turkish swimmer
* Gülşah Kıyak (born 1989), Turkish wushu practitioner
* Gülşah Kocatürk (born 1986), Turkish female judoka
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WIKI
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10.7. AWS-SNS
SNS Component
Available as of Camel 2.8
The SNS component allows messages to be sent to an Amazon Simple Notification Topic. The implementation of the Amazon API is provided by the AWS SDK.
Prerequisites
You must have a valid Amazon Web Services developer account, and be signed up to use Amazon SNS. More information are available at Amazon SNS.
URI Format
aws-sns://topicName[?options]
The topic will be created if they don't already exists. You can append query options to the URI in the following format, ?options=value&option2=value&...
URI Options
Name Default Value Context Description
amazonSNSClient null Producer Reference to a com.amazonaws.services.sns.AmazonSNS in the Registry.
accessKey null Producer Amazon AWS Access Key
secretKey null Producer Amazon AWS Secret Key
subject null Producer The subject which is used if the message header 'CamelAwsSnsSubject' is not present.
amazonSNSEndpoint null Producer The region with which the AWS-SNS client wants to work with.
policy null Producer Camel 2.8.4: The policy for this queue to set in the com.amazonaws.services.sns.model.SetTopicAttributesRequest.
Required SNS component options
You have to provide the amazonSNSClient in the Registry or your accessKey and secretKey to access the Amazon's SNS.
Usage
Message headers evaluated by the SNS producer
Header Type Description
CamelAwsSnsSubject String The Amazon SNS message subject. If not set, the subject from the SnsConfiguration is used.
Message headers set by the SNS producer
Header Type Description
CamelAwsSnsMessageId String The Amazon SNS message ID.
Advanced AmazonSNS configuration
If you need more control over the AmazonSNS instance configuration you can create your own instance and refer to it from the URI:
from("direct:start")
.to("aws-sns://MyTopic?amazonSNSClient=#client");
The #client refers to a AmazonSNS in the Registry.
For example if your Camel Application is running behind a firewall:
AWSCredentials awsCredentials = new BasicAWSCredentials("myAccessKey", "mySecretKey");
ClientConfiguration clientConfiguration = new ClientConfiguration();
clientConfiguration.setProxyHost("http://myProxyHost");
clientConfiguration.setProxyPort(8080);
AmazonSNS client = new AmazonSNSClient(awsCredentials, clientConfiguration);
registry.bind("client", client);
Dependencies
Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their pom.xml.
pom.xml
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.camel</groupId>
<artifactId>camel-aws</artifactId>
<version>${camel-version}</version>
</dependency>
where $\{camel-version\} must be replaced by the actual version of Camel (2.8 or higher).
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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kennet
Alternative forms
* kennets
Etymology
From Middle English kenet, Old French chenet; compare kennel, chien.
Noun
* 1) A small hunting dog
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WIKI
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JpGU-AGU Joint Meeting 2017
Presentation information
[JJ] Poster
S (Solid Earth Sciences) » S-CG Complex & General
[S-CG73] [JJ] Petrology, Mineralogy and Resource Geology
Mon. May 22, 2017 5:15 PM - 6:30 PM Poster Hall (International Exhibition Hall HALL7)
[SCG73-P10] Magma process of the Ushikiri-yama granodiorite, north Kyusyu, SW Japan: Implications for formation of middle crust
*Keisuke Eshima1, Masaaki Owada1, Teruyoshi Imaoka1 (1.Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University)
Keywords:middle crust, active continental margin, emplacement depth, magmatic epidote, ushikiri-yama granodiorite
Continental crust comprises mafic lower crust and felsic middle crust in terms of seismic refraction and reflection date (Ansorge et al. 1992). Northern Kyusyu is widely underlain by the granitoid batholiths due to subduction of an oceanic plate during Cretaceous time. The Ushikiri-yama granodiorite intruded at the early stage of igneous activity of the batholiths, and emplaced in the middle crust (Eshima and Owada, 2015). In this study, we address magma processes, emplacement depth, K-Ar mineral ages of the Ushikiri-yama granodiorite, and discuss the formation process of middle crust in the active continental margin.
The Ushikiri-yama granodiorite intrudes limestone, various kinds of metamorphic rocks derived from the Permian accretionary complex. The granodiorite is divided into North and South bodies separated by fine-grained facies granodiorite. It shows hypidomorphic granular texture and consists mainly of plagioclase, biotite, hornblende, quartz, K-feldspar, and trace amounts of euhedral magmatic epidote with Fe3+ / (Fe3+ + Al3+) values between 25% and 27%. The granodiorite shows flow structure defined by preferred orientation of mafic minerals and plagioclase along the outline of the granodiorite body, and locally contains fine-grained mafic magmatic enclaves (MME).
We estimate the emplacement depth of the Ushikiri-yama granodiorite using the hornblende geobarometer (Schmidt, 1992) with solidus temperature using hornblende-plagioclase geothermometer (Holland and Blundy, 1994). Accordingly, the granodiorite yields emplacement conditions ~720 to 640 °C and ~ 0.45 to 0.35 GPa that are equivalent to middle crust conditions. In addition, the granodiorite contains magmatic epidote. It means that the granodiorite magma was produced at the depth of lower crust conditions because the magmatic epidote in granitic magmas can be stable at pressure ≥0.6-0.8 GPa (Zen and Hammastrom, 1984; Schmidt and Poli, 2004). The emplacement depth of the Cretaceous granitoids from north Kyushu resemble those of the Ushikiri-yama granodiorite, e.g. Itoshima granodiorite (Yada and Owada, 2003). In other words, the granitoid batholiths of north Kyushu would be dominated by the middle crust along the active continental margin during Cretaceous time.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Page:Studies of a Biographer 3.djvu/228
educational, and social questions. He is far too sensible of the gravity of the existing evils not to part company with the enthusiasts who believe in hasty panaceas and manufacture them out of fine phrases. To convert an amiable sentiment into a maxim of universal validity, to override facts and refuse to listen to experience, to 'drive fast,' like his Irish carman, without asking where you are going, was of course contrary to all his convictions. But the deep and generous interest in all well-directed efforts at alleviation is equally conspicuous. He was not an indiscriminate philanthropist; he hated a rogue and did not love a fool; and he held that both genera were pretty numerous. But he was a most heartily loyal citizen; doing manfully the duties which came in his way and declining no fair demand upon his cooperation. And the secret is given in the phrase about love. There is, for obvious and sufficient reasons, little direct account of Huxley's domestic life, and the allusions to his private happiness suggest more than could find overt expression. Yet the book cannot be read without a pervading impression of the life which lay behind his manifold successes and official activities. Like Wordsworth's 'happy warrior,' he was one who,
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WIKI
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US Futures Slightly Higher Ahead of Yellen's First FOMC Presser; Oracle Misses Views
U.S. stock futures were barely higher Wednesday ahead of the 2:00 p.m statement from the Federal Reserve Open Market Committee, in which it is expected to say it will continue to taper its asset-purchasing program. Economists are looking for more qualitative forward guidance from the Fed.
Following the statement, Fed chair Janet Yellen will hold a press conference at 2:30 p.m. It will be her first, and she is likely to maintain her stance.
Out this morning was the current account balance for Q4, narrowing to a $81.1 billion deficit compared to the $86.5 billion expected by economists and the revised $96.4 billion deficit in Q3.
In equities, Oracle ( ORCL ) was lower by 3.3% in recent pre-market trade as Q3 results were short of views, even after giving a fiscal Q4 guidance that was broadly in line with analysts' estimates. Horizon Pharma ( HZNP ) soared 23.1% after saying it will buy Vidara Therapeutics in a reverse merger for stock and cash totaling $660 million.
U.S. PRE-MARKET INDICATORS
-Dow Jones Industrial up 0.14%
-S&P 500 futures up 0.16%
-Nasdaq 100 futures up 0.20%
-Nasdaq-100 Pre-Market Indicator up 0.14%
GLOBAL SENTIMENT
Nikkei up 0.36%
Hang Seng down 0.07%
Shanghai Composite down 0.81%
FTSE-100 down 0.05%
DAX-30 up 0.66%
PRE-MARKET SECTOR WATCH
(+/-) Large cap tech: mixed
(+/-) Chip stocks: mixed
(+/-) Software stocks: mixed
(+) Hardware stocks: higher
(+/-) Internet stocks: mixed
(+) Drug stocks: higher
(+/-) Financial stocks: mixed
(+) Retail stocks: flat to higher
(+) Industrial stocks: unchanged to higher
(+) Airlines: unchanged to higher
(+/-) Autos: mixed
UPSIDE MOVERS
(+) EXAS (+6.5%) Reports effective colon cancer test
(+) WPCS (+13.8%) Launches web version of Bitcoin trading platform
(+) CGEN (+4.4%) Jefferies initiates stock at buy, price target at $17
(+) ADBE (+1.3%) Expects to meet or exceed fiscal Q2 targets
DOWNSIDE MOVERS
(-) FDX (-0.1%) Fiscal Q3 misses views, cuts fiscal 2014 guidance
(-) KNDI (-3.8%) Places 606,000 shares at $18.24 with institutional investors
(-) ORC (-3.6%) Sells 4 million shares in public sale
(-) OPTT (-1.7%) Fiscal Q3 sales tumble
(-) RENN (-6.9%) Guides for Q1 revenue below street view
(-) RBCN (-6%) Plans share sale
(-) ATU (-0.2%) Fiscal Q2 earnings miss views, sets Q3 EPS guidance below street
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
Copyright (C) 2016 MTNewswires.com. All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is strictly prohibited.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Nutrigenomics Consultation
A personalized approach that analyzes genetic information to optimize nutrition and health.
Definition
Nutrigenomics Consultation is a cutting-edge approach that combines the study of nutrition and genetics to develop personalized dietary recommendations. It involves analyzing an individual's genetic profile to identify specific nutrient requirements, sensitivities, and predispositions to certain health conditions. By understanding the complex interplay between genes, nutrients, and lifestyle factors, nutrigenomics consultations aim to optimize health, prevent diseases, and enhance overall well-being through targeted nutritional interventions tailored to an individual's unique genetic makeup.
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Origins
The field of nutrigenomics emerged in the early 2000s as a result of advancements in genetic sequencing technologies and a growing understanding of the human genome. The completion of the Human Genome Project in 2003 provided a foundation for exploring the relationship between genes and nutrition. Researchers began to investigate how genetic variations influence nutrient metabolism, absorption, and utilization, leading to the development of personalized nutrition approaches. Over the years, nutrigenomics has gained traction as a preventive and therapeutic tool, with an increasing number of healthcare professionals offering nutrigenomics consultations to their clients.
Benefits
1. Personalized Nutrition Nutrigenomics consultations provide individualized dietary recommendations based on genetic profile, optimizing nutrient intake for improved health outcomes.
2. Disease Prevention By identifying genetic predispositions to certain health conditions, nutrigenomics consultations enable proactive lifestyle modifications to reduce disease risk.
3. Targeted Supplementation Genetic analysis can reveal specific nutrient deficiencies or increased requirements, allowing for targeted supplementation to address individual needs.
4. Enhanced Weight Management Nutrigenomics consultations can identify genetic factors influencing metabolism and weight regulation, facilitating personalized strategies for effective weight management.
5. Improved Athletic Performance By optimizing nutrient intake based on genetic variations, nutrigenomics consultations can support enhanced athletic performance and recovery.
6. Increased Energy Levels Personalized nutrition plans derived from nutrigenomics consultations can promote optimal nutrient utilization, leading to increased energy levels and vitality.
7. Healthy Aging Nutrigenomics consultations can address age-related genetic factors, supporting healthy aging through targeted nutritional interventions and lifestyle modifications.
How It Works
Nutrigenomics consultation involves analyzing an individual's genetic profile to identify specific gene variations that influence how their body responds to different nutrients, dietary compounds, and eating patterns. By examining SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) in the DNA, practitioners can gain insights into a person's unique nutritional needs, sensitivities, and predispositions. This information is then used to create personalized dietary and lifestyle recommendations tailored to optimize health outcomes based on the individual's genetic makeup. The consultation process typically includes collecting a DNA sample, conducting genetic testing, interpreting the results, and providing evidence-based guidance to support optimal well-being.
Considerations
When considering a nutrigenomics consultation, it's essential to understand that genetic information is just one piece of the complex puzzle of overall health. Environmental factors, lifestyle habits, and personal preferences also play significant roles in shaping an individual's well-being. While genetic insights can be valuable, they should be interpreted in the context of a person's unique circumstances. It's crucial to work with qualified practitioners who have expertise in nutrigenomics and can provide evidence-based recommendations. Additionally, privacy and data security are important considerations when sharing genetic information, so it's essential to choose reputable providers who adhere to strict confidentiality standards.
How Much It Costs
The cost of a nutrigenomics consultation can vary depending on the provider, the scope of the genetic testing, and the level of personalized guidance offered. On the lower end, some providers may offer basic nutrigenomics reports and recommendations for around $200-$500. More comprehensive consultations that include in-depth genetic analysis, one-on-one sessions with a qualified practitioner, and ongoing support can range from $1,000 to $2,500 or more. It's important to carefully review what's included in the consultation package and consider the value of the investment in relation to your health goals.
Virtual & Online Options
Virtual or online nutrigenomics consultations offer convenience and accessibility, allowing individuals to access expert guidance from the comfort of their own homes. These options eliminate the need for travel and can be especially beneficial for those with busy schedules or limited access to local practitioners. Online consultations often include video conferencing, digital reports, and remote support. However, in-person consultations may be preferred by some individuals who value face-to-face interactions and the opportunity to discuss their results in a more personal setting. Local consultations also provide the potential for ongoing support and collaboration with nearby healthcare providers. Ultimately, the choice between virtual and in-person options depends on individual preferences, availability of local practitioners, and comfort level with technology.
Certifications
Practitioners offering nutrigenomics consultations should have relevant qualifications and certifications to ensure they possess the necessary knowledge and expertise. Some applicable certifications include: Certified Nutrigenomics Specialist (CNS) from the Nutrigenomics Institute, Certified Nutrigenetic Counselor (CNC) from the Nutrigenetic Research Institute, and Certified Genetic Counselor (CGC) from the American Board of Genetic Counseling. Additionally, practitioners may hold degrees or certifications in related fields such as nutrition, genetics, or functional medicine. It's important to verify the credentials of any practitioner before engaging in a nutrigenomics consultation to ensure they have the appropriate qualifications to provide personalized recommendations based on genetic information.
Complementary Practices
Complementary practices to nutrigenomics consultations include following a personalized diet plan, taking targeted nutritional supplements, engaging in regular physical activity, practicing stress management techniques, and tracking health metrics over time. These practices can enhance the benefits of nutrigenomics by supporting overall health and well-being, optimizing gene expression, and promoting long-term lifestyle changes.
Practitioner Types
Nutrigenomics consultations are typically provided by healthcare professionals with specialized training in genetics, nutrition, and personalized medicine. These may include registered dietitians, nutritionists, genetic counselors, functional medicine practitioners, and physicians with expertise in nutrigenomics. Some integrative health coaches and wellness consultants may also offer nutrigenomics services, working in collaboration with qualified healthcare providers.
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FAQ
• Q: What can I expect during a nutrigenomics consultation?
• A: During a nutrigenomics consultation, a healthcare professional will review your genetic test results, medical history, and lifestyle factors to create a personalized nutrition and wellness plan. They will explain how your unique genetic variations influence your nutrient needs, diet response, and health risks, and provide recommendations for optimizing your health based on your genetic profile.
• Q: How do I prepare for a nutrigenomics consultation?
• A: To prepare for a nutrigenomics consultation, you'll typically need to complete a genetic test and fill out a comprehensive health questionnaire beforehand. Gather any relevant medical records, including lab results and medication lists, and be prepared to discuss your health goals, dietary habits, and lifestyle factors with your provider. Some practitioners may also request that you keep a food diary leading up to your appointment.
• Q: Are nutrigenomics consultations covered by insurance?
• A: Coverage for nutrigenomics consultations varies depending on your insurance plan and provider. Some plans may cover genetic testing and personalized nutrition counseling if deemed medically necessary, while others consider these services elective or experimental. Check with your insurance provider to understand your benefits and out-of-pocket costs. Many practitioners also offer self-pay options and package rates for nutrigenomics services.
• Q: How often should I have nutrigenomics consultations?
• A: The frequency of nutrigenomics consultations depends on your individual health needs and goals. Initially, you may have a series of appointments to review your genetic test results, create a personalized plan, and monitor your progress. Ongoing consultations may be scheduled quarterly, semi-annually, or annually to assess your response to interventions, adjust recommendations, and address any new health concerns that arise. Your provider will work with you to determine the optimal follow-up schedule.
• Q: Can nutrigenomics help with weight loss?
• A: Yes, nutrigenomics can be a valuable tool for personalizing weight loss strategies based on your genetic makeup. Certain genetic variations can influence your body's response to different diets, macronutrient ratios, and exercise regimens. By understanding your genetic predispositions, a nutrigenomics consultant can help you choose the most effective approach to weight loss and tailor recommendations for calories, nutrients, meal timing, and physical activity to optimize your results and long-term success.
Conclusion
Nutrigenomics consultations offer a powerful approach to personalized nutrition and wellness by leveraging insights from genetic testing. By understanding how your unique genetic variations influence your health, nutrigenomics practitioners can create targeted recommendations for diet, supplements, and lifestyle modifications that optimize gene expression and promote well-being. Complementary practices such as following a personalized diet plan, taking targeted supplements, engaging in regular exercise, and managing stress can enhance the benefits of nutrigenomics. While the field is still evolving, nutrigenomics holds great promise for empowering individuals to take control of their health and prevent chronic disease through precision nutrition and lifestyle interventions tailored to their genetic makeup.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Mazda BT-50 II (UP, UR) (2011-2020)
Depending on the year of manufacture, the attachment points may vary slightly.
Front bumper
-open the hood.
-under the hood take out the three pistons and remove the trim over the grille (holds on latches).
-take out two pistons and remove the grille (held by snaps in the bumper).
-under the grille, unscrew the two screws and take out the two pistons.
-from the bottom, unscrew the screws (spun up).
-turn the wheels to the side.
-unscrew one screw on each side that attach the corners of the bumper to the wings.
-take out three pistons on each side in the wheel arches that secure the fender liner (front).
-we release the latch in the wings (pull the corners of the bumper towards you).
-with an assistant, pull the bumper forward (look for the wires).
-disconnect electrical connectors (if any).
front bumper attachment points Mazda BT-50 II (UP, UR) (2011-2020)
Front bumper mounting scheme Mazda BT-50 II (UP, UR) (2011-2020)
Rear bumper
The bumper is removed along with the amplifier.
-from the bottom, unscrew the four screws that secure the bumper brackets to the body.
-with an assistant, pull the bumper back (look for the wires).
-disconnect electrical connectors (if any).
Rear bumper mounting scheme Mazda BT-50 II (UP, UR) (2011-2020)
Rear bumper mounting scheme Mazda BT-50 II (UP, UR) (2011-2020)
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Ranunculus baudotii
Ranunculus baudotii, brackish water-crowfoot, is a flowering plant in the Ranunculaceae (buttercup family). As the name suggests, it tends to grow near the sea, typically in pools and ditches in coastal marshes that are slightly salty due to sea spray. It can also be found inland where there is some saline influence. It is not edible and has economic uses, but it is generally valued as a plant of conservation interest and an indicator of less agriculturally improved habitat.
Description
Brackish water-crowfoot is an annual or perennial aquatic plant with stems up to 3 m long, becoming terrestrial as its habitat dries out in summer. The submerged capillary leaves are usually about 5 cm long, but exceptionally as much as 15 cm, and are characteristically shorter than the adjacent stem internode. The floating and terrestrial laminar leaves are typically deeply 3-lobed (divided more than halfway to the base) with and up to 1 cm long by 2.5 cm wide. All the leaves are arranged alternately along the stem, with petioles up to about 8 cm long (or even 20 cm long in the case of some submerged leaves). At the base of each petiole is a small, ovate stipule.
Flowering occurs between May and September in Northern Europe. The flowers are borne singly on long pedicels arising opposite to a leaf (the pedicels are up to 10x as long as the corresponding petiole). The 5 petals are white with a yellow base, a lunate nectar pit, and are contiguous at anthesis. Each petal is about 1 cm long. There are also 5 sepals about half as long as the petals, which are greenish with dark markings, especially at the tip. The hermaphroditic flowers have 15-30 stamens and up to about 65 carpels.
The fruits are achenes 1.2-1.8 mm long with thin ventral and dorsal wings at maturity and a short, lateral beak.
Identification
It can be very difficult to identify water-crowfoots. This species is distinguished by its habitat, which is usually very coastal, the combination of laminar and capillary leaves, and by the distinctive blue tips to the typically downward-pointing sepals. Confirmation requires examination of the winged achenes and the receptacle elongating in fruit.
Taxonomy
This species was overlooked until 1839, when the name Ranunculus baudotii was published by Dominique Alexandre Godron in a journal in the French city of Nancy, giving the name in honour of the botanist Charles Joseph Auguste de Baudot, from nearby Sarrebourg. He was only just in time: in 1843 other names were independently given to similar plants in two publications in Scandinavia. It has accumulated many more synonyms since then: 35 of them are listed by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. The most likely one to be encountered is Ranunculus peltatus subsp. baudotii (Godr.) Meikle ex C.D.K. Cook, which was coined in 1983 and has been used until recently in many botanical books.
It lies within the taxonomically difficult section Batrachium of the Ranunculaceae, a family that is known to be polyphyletic and therefore might be split. Some authors use the name Batrachium baudotii (Godr.) F.W. Schultz, which was originally coined in 1844 but may eventually be revived.
Godron's type specimen is located at the Institut de Botanique of the Université de Montpellier (MPU).
Brackish water-crowfoot is tetraploid (2n = 32) in the northern part of its range and diploid (2n = 16) in the south. The diploid populations are more similar to pond water-crowfoot in appearance.
It is known to hybridise with Ranunculus trichophyllus to give R. x segretii A. Félix and with R. aquatilis to give R. x lambertii A. Félix. Both of these hybrids are sterile. A third hybrid with R. peltatus has been artificially synthesised, but not yet found in the wild.
Habitat and ecology
This species grows mainly in coastal grasslands, where it occurs in slightly brackish seasonal pools. It can also be found in highly alkaline fens and even freshwater rivers and pools inland.
Although it is normally found in coastal locations, below 10 m, it also occurs in karst springs in central Europe and old mineral workings and canals in England. It favours the boundary between freshwater and fully saline conditions.
It is largely self-pollinated, and produces good seed, but it can also spread by fragments rooting on bare mud, thus colonising large areas very quickly, but it is unable to survive competition with dense emergent species such as Bolboschoenus maritimus.
There are no insects recorded on brackish water-crowfoot specifically but various species feed on Ranunculus generally and can be found producing leaf mines and other damage to plants.
Distribution and status
Brackish water-crowfoot occurs throughout Europe, extending just as far as North Africa and westernmost Asia, but it is absent or extinct in some inland regions and countries, such as Switzerland. Its threat status globally has been assessed as LC (Least Concern).
It is usually considered an axiophyte, or plant of conservation importance, wherever it grows.
Uses and in culture
Members of the Ranunculaceae contain an irritating glycoside, ranunculin, from which the volatile substance protoanemonin is formed. Animals tend to avoid eating them because the taste is acrid, unless they are dried in hay or sprayed with herbicide.
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WIKI
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Build Error for CS-230 Project Gameauth Application
The issue with the assignment prompt is that we are told to follow the Dropwizard Hello World instructions for running the gameauth.zip application.
Begin by importing the gameauth.zip file into Eclipse as a new Maven project. If you have not already practiced using Maven, be sure to follow the instructions in the Dropwizard Hello World Tutorial.
SNHU CS0230 Module Four
The problem with the instructions is that it fails to mention that the gameauth.zip application only works on Java 8 as noted on howtodoinjava.com and on dropwizard.com.
You will need Java 8 to run the examples given in this code which are developed using dropwizard version 1.0.0.
https://howtodoinjava.com/dropwizard/tutorial-and-hello-world-example/
When you try to build the application, you will get a build error.
[ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-javadoc-plugin:3.0.0-M1:jar (attach-javadocs) on project gameauth: Execution attach-javadocs of goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-javadoc-plugin:3.0.0-M1:jar failed: Cannot invoke "org.apache.commons.lang3.JavaVersion.atLeast(org.apache.commons.lang3.JavaVersion)" because "org.apache.commons.lang3.SystemUtils.JAVA_SPECIFICATION_VERSION_AS_ENUM" is null -> [Help 1]
If you Google the issue, you will land on many Stack Overflow discussions suggesting that you surpass the error by editing the POM file. But if you do suppress the error, you will get a NoClassDefFoundError.
So, What should you do?
You have two options. The easy option is to edit your POM file and the tedious option is to change your version of Java to Java 8.
Towards the end of the POM file, add a source tag (<source>8</source>) to the configuration tag of maven-javadoc-plugin. This is how the plugin element should look:
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.0-M1</version>
<configuration>
<source>8</source>
</configuration>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>attach-javadocs</id>
<goals>
<goal>jar</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
Next, change the dropwizard.version element to the latest version. Change it from this <dropwizard.version>1.0.0</dropwizard.version> to this <dropwizard.version>2.0.11</dropwizard.version>.
You can find the the dropwizard.version element in the properties element near the top of the POM file. This is how it should look:
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<dropwizard.version>2.0.11</dropwizard.version>
<mainClass>com.gamingroom.gameauth.GameAuthApplication</mainClass>
</properties>
Updating the POM file by following the steps above should let you build your application, but if this doesn’t work for you, you’ll need to use Java 8.
Lastly, use the Dropwizard Hello World tutorial for building your application.
Let me know if you have questions.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Detlev Bronk
Detlev Wulf Bronk (August 13, 1897 – November 17, 1975) was a prominent American scientist, educator, and administrator. He is credited with establishing biophysics as a recognized discipline. Bronk served as president of Johns Hopkins University from 1949 to 1953 and as president of The Rockefeller University from 1953 to 1968. Bronk also held the presidency of the National Academy of Sciences between 1950 and 1962.
Biography
Bronk was a descendant of Pieter Bronck, an early settler to New Netherland for whose relative Jonas Bronck the New York City borough The Bronx is named. In 1920 Bronk graduated with a B.S. in electrical engineering from Swarthmore College, where he was a member of Phi Kappa Psi Fraternity. In September 1921 Bronk married Helen Alexander Ramsey, who had been a fellow student at Swarthmore. Turning to physics, he received an M.S. in 1922 from the University of Michigan. By 1924 he was intent on applying physics and mathematics to physiology, receiving a Ph.D. in 1926 from the University of Michigan.
Career
When Bronk was offered the presidency of Johns Hopkins University in 1948, he accepted the position on the condition that Hopkins strengthen its program in biophysics. Hopkins did just that, building Jenkins Hall in 1950 specifically to house Biophysics and adding faculty and research facilities. Bronk believed the nation's universities had a responsibility to prepare students to improve the world, regardless of their academic curriculum. He also recognized that, during World War II, the Hopkins faculty had spent most of their time performing defense-related research, and now it was time to rejuvenate the idea of research for the sake of learning and discovery. He frequently spoke on "breadth in education," "fostering curiosity," and "a university is a community of scholars."
In addition to guiding Hopkins through its post-war "demobilization," Bronk believed strongly in maintaining his own presence in the scientific community. He presided over the National Academy of Sciences and served on boards for the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the Science Advisory Committee of the Office of Defense Mobilization, and the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (predecessor to NASA).
Bronk was also instrumental in reviving a plan to abolish undergraduate education at Johns Hopkins and turn Hopkins into a graduate-only institution. In 1952, as in 1925, the "New Plan" or "Bronk Plan" would have phased out the freshman and sophomore years and Hopkins would only admit students transferring from other institutions as juniors or above. These students would bypass the traditional undergraduate degree and begin work immediately toward a doctorate. As in 1925, the plan attracted little support from the intended student body and it was quietly dropped by the mid-1950s after Prof. Sidney Flax said "no".
Bronk was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1934 and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1949.
From 1953 to 1968 Bronk was president of The Rockefeller University. (The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research was renamed The Rockefeller University in 1965). He firmly espoused academic freedom and resisted attempts by Wisconsin Senator Joseph McCarthy to have Johns Hopkins University dismiss Professor Owen Lattimore. The same year he was awarded the Public Welfare Medal from the National Academy of Sciences. He was credited with formulating the modern theory of the science of biophysics. He served on the board of trustees for Science Service, now known as Society for Science & the Public, from 1965 to 1967. Bronk is quoted as saying:
"A great deal of undergraduate education is built on ... telling a student what to do—at the very time he is developing intellectual habits for life. Too rarely is a student told, 'This is the problem with which we are going to deal. Here are the books.'"
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WIKI
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Epsom Salt Manufacturers
How to Choose the Best Epsom Salt Manufacturers?
Epsom salt is one of the common supplements that is used for bath salts and many beauty products. This salt is also quite popular as a remedy for many ailments. Many people use it to cure their health problems like muscle soreness and relieve stress.
To provide the best Epsom salt to the users, having the best manufacturers in the market is also important. It is also important to choose the best Epsom salt manufacturers for the better satisfaction of the customers.
Through this blog post, you will come to know about the various key points that will help you in knowing the points that will guide you in selecting and working with the best Epsom salt manufacturers in the market.
Let’s dig in!
Benefits of using Epsom Salt
There are a lot of people, even some doctors, who say that Epsom salt can help you relax and treat a number of health problems.
Here are some points that will show the benefits of using Epsom salt.
1. Muscle Relaxation: Epsom salt baths are popular for soothing sore muscles and reducing inflammation, making them beneficial after exercise or physical exertion.
2. Stress Relief: Soaking in an Epsom salt bath can promote relaxation and help alleviate stress by replenishing magnesium levels in the body.
3. Better Sleep: Epsom salt baths are a common bedtime ritual for many people because they relax you, which may improve the quality of your sleep.
4. Foot Health: Soaking feet in Epsom salt can help soften skin, relieve foot pain, and treat conditions like athlete's foot and toenail fungus.
5. Skin Care: Epsom salt can be a gentle exfoliant to remove dead skin cells, leaving the skin soft and smooth. It may also help alleviate certain skin conditions, like eczema and psoriasis.
6. Constipation Relief: When taken orally under medical supervision, Epsom salt may act as a mild laxative, helping to relieve occasional constipation.
7. Plant Growth: Epsom salt can be used as a fertilizer for plants, providing them with magnesium and sulfur, which are essential nutrients for healthy growth.
Epsom salt is essential; use it responsibly and consult a healthcare professional before using it orally or for medical purposes.
Factors to keep in mind while choosing the best manufacturers
When choosing the best Epsom salt manufacturers, keep these simple factors in mind:
1. Quality: The very first step is to look for manufacturers that offer high-quality Epsom salt with purity and effectiveness. Look for high standards or certifications that they follow.
2. Reputation: Choose manufacturers with a good reputation for producing reliable and safe products. Look for reviews and feedback from other customers.
3. Ingredients Sourcing: Ensure that the manufacturer sources their ingredients responsibly and ethically to guarantee the quality of the Epsom salt.
4. Production Methods: Check if the manufacturer uses safe and environmentally friendly production methods. Avoid companies with questionable practices.
5. Packaging and Storage: Consider how the Epsom salt is packaged and stored to maintain its quality and freshness. Opt for manufacturers that use secure and durable packaging.
6. Customer Support: Choose manufacturers that offer excellent customer support and assistance. This ensures you can address any concerns or queries promptly.
7. Price and Value: Compare prices from different manufacturers while considering the overall value and quality of the product. Avoid excessively cheap options that may compromise on quality.
By keeping these factors in mind, you can select the best manufacturer for Epsom salt that meets your needs and ensures a satisfactory experience.
WRAPPING UP!
From the above discussion, we learned about the important points and factors to consider while selecting the best Epsom salt manufacturers. If you are still looking for the manufacturers that are reliable and quality-assured, you can join hands with Vima Exports. One of the leading players in the industry and is also known for its top-quality products and services.
whatsapp phone
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Education
Password protection – Ticket to secure note-taking
Taking notes and documenting information in various formats – meeting minutes, class lectures, work projects, and personal musings. While digital note-taking offers unparalleled convenience, it also raises concerns about data privacy and security. Whether you’re a student, professional, or someone who values discretion, password-protecting your notes are a critical safeguard against access, data breaches, and potential misuse of sensitive information.
Unsecured notes
Before delving into password protection strategies, it’s essential to understand the potential consequences of leaving your notes unprotected.
1. Identity theft– Your notes may contain personal details, such as phone numbers, addresses, or financial information, which could be cybercriminals for identity theft or fraud.
2. Corporate espionage- For professionals working on confidential projects or possessing trade secrets, unsecured notes could lead to corporate espionage, jeopardizing your company’s competitive edge and intellectual property.
3. Academic integrity violations– For students, unprotected notes could facilitate cheating or plagiarism, compromising academic integrity and potentially leading to disciplinary actions.
Password protection strategies
There are several effective methods for password-protecting your notes, each with its advantages and considerations.
1. Note-taking applications with built-in password protection
Note-taking applications, such as Microsoft OneNote, Evernote, and Google Keep, offer built-in password protection features. Are safenotes taxable? These applications allow you to create password-protected sections or notebooks, sensitive notes remain secure even if your device is lost or compromised.
Advantages:
1. Convenience– Password protection is seamlessly integrated into the note-taking experience.
2. Cross-Platform Compatibility– Most applications offer syncing across multiple devices, allowing you to access your secured notes from anywhere.
3. Additional security features- Some applications provide extra layers of security, such as biometric authentication or two-factor authentication.
Considerations:
• Subscription fees– Some applications may require a paid subscription to access advanced security features.
• Potential data breaches- While rare, note-taking applications could be targeted by hackers, compromising the security of your notes.
1. Document encryption software
Dedicated document encryption software, such as AxCrypt, VeraCrypt, or 7-Zip, enables you to password-protect individual note files or entire folders containing your notes. These tools use strong encryption algorithms to data remains unreadable without the correct password.
Advantages:
1. Platform Independence: Document encryption software typically works across various operating systems and file formats.
2. High-Level Encryption: Many of these tools offer advanced encryption standards, such as AES-256, providing robust protection against brute-force attacks.
3. Portable Security: Encrypted note files be securely shared or transferred without compromising their confidentiality.
Considerations:
• Learning curve– Using encryption software may require some technical knowledge and familiarity with the tools.
• Compatibility issues– Certain file formats or applications may not support encrypted files, limiting cross-platform accessibility.
1. Cloud storage with password protection
Popular cloud storage services like Dropbox, Google Drive, and Microsoft OneDrive offer password protection options for individual files or folders. This approach allows you to store your sensitive notes securely in the cloud while controlling access with passwords.
Advantages:
• Accessibility: Cloud storage services enable you to access your password-protected notes from multiple devices and locations.
• Backup and Sync: Regular backups and syncing ensure that your notes are always up-to-date and protected against data loss.
• Collaboration: Some cloud services you to share password-protected notes with specific individuals, facilitating secure collaboration.
Considerations:
1. Privacy concerns- Storing sensitive data on third-party servers privacy concerns for some users.
2. Potential service outages– Reliance on cloud services service disruptions could temporarily limit access to your notes.
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Joseph Victor
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Joseph Victor
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Vince Boryla, an N.B.A. Jack of All Trades, Dies at 89
Vince Boryla, who buoyed two National Basketball Association franchises three decades apart — the Knicks as a player and coach in the 1950s and the Denver Nuggets as the general manager in the 1980s — died on Sunday at his home in Englewood, Colo. He was 89. The cause was complications of pneumonia, his son Mark said. A postwar college star at Notre Dame and the University of Denver, Boryla, a 6-foot-5 center with a deadly right-handed hook shot, played for the Olympic team that won gold in London in 1948. He joined the Knicks in 1950, and the bigger players in the professional game, men like the 6-foot-10 George Mikan of the Minneapolis Lakers, dwarfed him in the middle, forcing Boryla to change his position to forward and develop new ways to score. He learned a left-handed hook and a set shot. Old-time New York fans will remember a meme by the radio broadcaster Marty Glickman, who would describe a shot from the perimeter as a “Boryla bomb” and give a nod to the program’s hot-dog sponsor: “Good! Like Nedick’s.” Boryla became one of the Knicks’ top shooters, appeared in the 1951 N.B.A. All-Star Game and played five seasons before a wrist injury that affected his shooting sidelined him for good. He averaged 11.2 points per game for his career. His Knicks teams, which included Harry Gallatin, Carl Braun, Sweetwater Clifton, and Al and Dick McGuire, went to the N.B.A. finals in 1952 and 1953, losing both times to Mikan and the Lakers. Boryla was not yet 29 when he succeeded Joe Lapchick as the coach of the Knicks in February 1956. In an interview with The New York Times shortly after he was hired, Boryla said he took the job because “it was a challenge, one which would round out” his career. “I have not the slightest intention of making this my life’s work,” he said. “To me the motives will be the same as those which influenced me to become a professional player originally, a chance to build up a nest egg for the future.” In a bit more than two full seasons as coach, his record was 80-85. He then resigned and went back to Denver and various business interests, which would eventually include basketball. Vincent Joseph Boryla (the name rhymes with gorilla) was born on March 11, 1927, in East Chicago, Ind. His parents, Vincente Boryla, a bricklayer, and the former Felixa Pilipczuk, were Polish immigrants. After high school he went to Notre Dame, where he set a program scoring record as a freshman. His college career was interrupted by a stint in the military, which he served in Denver, where he also played for the Denver Nuggets, then an amateur team with an avid following, and became something of a local celebrity. When his service was complete, he enrolled at the University of Denver, where he averaged 18.9 points per game in the 1948-49 season and became the only consensus all-American in the college’s history. Boryla’s first wife, the former Catherine Brogan, known as Cappy, died in 1988. In addition to his son Mark, he is survived by his wife, Mary Jo Stanbrough; a daughter, Karen Toof; three other sons, Mike, Matt and Vince; 15 grandchildren; and six great-grandchildren. His son Mike played three seasons as a quarterback for the Philadelphia Eagles. Boryla served briefly as a front-office executive for the Knicks and, in the early 1970s, for the Utah Stars of the American Basketball Association. He became a prominent Denver businessman, real estate investor and philanthropist, but local basketball fans probably remember him best for his three-year stint as general manager of the Nuggets, from 1984 to 1987. A month after he took the job, he engineered a blockbuster trade, sending a young star, the sharpshooting forward Kiki Vandeweghe, to the Portland Trail Blazers in a swap for three players — the center Wayne Cooper, the guard Lafayette Lever (better known as Fat) and the forward Calvin Natt — and two draft choices. The next season the Nuggets improved from 38 wins to 52, finished first in the N.B.A.’s Midwest Division and made it to the Western Conference finals for the first time in seven years. They lost to Magic Johnson and the Los Angeles Lakers, the eventual champions, but the Nuggets had one more triumph. Boryla was named the N.B.A. executive of the year. An earlier version of this obituary misstated the age at which Boryla succeeded Joe Lapchick as the coach of the Knicks. He was 28, not 29.
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Uzbek Khanate
The Uzbek Khanate, also known as the Abulkhair Khanate was a Shaybanid state preceding the Khanate of Bukhara. During the few years it existed, the Uzbek Khanate was the preeminent state in Central Asia, ruling over most of modern-day Uzbekistan, much of Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan, and parts of southern Russia. This is the first state of the Abulkhairids, a branch of the Shaybanids.
Etymology
The dynasty of Abu'l-Khayr Khan and his descendants is named after him, and the states ruled by them are known as Abulkhairids, such as in the Khanate of Bukhara. They may also be referred to as Shaybanids, although this is more of an umbrella term as a rival dynasty called the Arabshahids of Khwarezm were also Shaybanids, but not Abulkhairids.
Before Abu'l-Khayr Khan
Starting with Shiban, brother of Batu Khan who was the ruler of the Golden Horde, the Shaybanids and their descendants held land and sway over many tribes granted to Shiban by Batu. These lands included the Golden Horde domains east of the Urals, and lands north of the Syr Darya river. Central control in the Golden Horde eroded away quickly in the east and breakaway states like the Nogai Horde and the Khanate of Sibir appeared in the region.
Abu'l-Khayr Khan
By the time of Abu'l-Khayr's birth in 1412, the ulus of Shiban was fractured. At this time the eastern part of the Golden Horde (Blue Horde) had become outside of complete control of the Golden Horde khans and pretenders, especially after the assassination of Barak Khan in 1427. Abu'l-Khayr was taken prisoner after a battle in 1427 and was released in 1428. After the passing of the then Khan of the Uzbeks and pretender to the throne of the Golden Horde, Barak Khan, Ulug Beg, the leader of the Timurid Empire, secretly orchestrated the title of khan to pass to Abu'l-Khayr. He began his rule by consolidating tribes in Siberia around his capital at Chimgi-Tura (Modern-day Tyumen). He was able to depose the reigning Khan of Sibir, Hajji Muhammad, a former khan of the Golden Horde from 1419 to 1423, and took the entirety of the area under Shaybanid control.
In 1430 or 1431, Abu'l-Khayr and his army marched south into Timurid-held Khwarezm and occupied Urganj. Between 1430 and 1446 the Uzbek Khanate took land in Transoxiana from the Timurids.
Abu'l-Khayr invaded the Golden Horde sometime after this and defeated Mustafa Khan near Astrakhan. The Uzbeks lost around 4,500 men during this campaign.
Prior to the death of Shah Rukh in 1448 Sighnaq and other cities in Turan such as Uzkend and Sozak were invaded and captured by the Uzbeks. Sighnaq became one of the principal cities of Central Asia during this time.
In 1451, Abu'l-Khayr allied with the Timurid Abu Sa'id against his rival 'Abdullah and the two both marched on Samarkand. The Uzbek-Abu Sa'id alliance was successful and in return Abu Sa'id paid tribute to the Uzbeks.
Kazakh Insurrection
Starting in the 1460s, the Kazakh khans warred for control of modern-day Kazakhstan, led by Janibeg and Kerei Khan, the sons of the claimant to the throne of the Golden Horde, Barak Khan, founded the Kazakh Khanate. This war was made especially difficult for the Uzbeks because of a recent war with the Dorben Oirat Mongols on the Uzbeks' eastern borders. Janibeg and Kerei sought to capitalize on Uzbek weakness following the conflict.
Regarding these events, 16th century Khaidar Duglati in his Tarikh-i Rashidi reports:
"At that time, Abulkhair Khan exercised full power in Dasht-i-Kipchak. He had been at war with the Sultánis of Juji; while Jáni Beg Khán and Karáy Khán fled before him into Moghulistán. Isán Bughá Khán received them with great honor, and delivered over to them Kuzi Báshi, which is near Chu, on the western limit of Moghulistán, where they dwelt in peace and content. On the death of Abulkhair Khán the Ulus of the Uzbegs fell into confusion, and constant strife arose among them. Most of them joined the party of Karáy Khán and Jáni Beg Khán. They numbered about 200,000 persons, and received the name of Uzbeg-Kazák. The Kazák Sultáns began to reign in the year 870 [1465–1466] (but God knows best), and they continued to enjoy absolute power in the greater part of Uzbegistán, till the year 940 [1533–1534 A. D.]."
Death of Abu'l-Khayr Khan and Successors
Somewhere around 1468–1470, Abu'l-Khayr Khan died in battle against the Kazakhs along with several of his sons. Sheikh Haidar, also known as Baruj Oghlan (Some sources have them as the same person or different persons), the eldest of Abu'l-Khayr's sons, succeeded him. Sheikh Haidar's reign was short and was ended after conflicts with a rival khan, Ibak.
Muhammad Shaybani, Abu'l-Khayr's grandson, succeeded his father, Sheikh Haidar. Shaybani had been, along with his brother, Mahmud Sultan, given refuge by the Khan of Astrakhan, Qasim.
After Shaybani was helped by the Moghul Khans to reclaim land in Transoxiana, he became a Moghul vassal from 1488 until around 1500. After this point, Shaybani led his own conquests which largely consisted of cities in the fractured Timurid successor states (Such as Samarkand and Bukhara). Shaybani's main rivals were the Timurid Babur and the Persian Shah Ismail.
In 1500, Shaybani officially conceded all the Kazakh held lands in Dasht-i Qipchaq to the Kazakh Khanate. Shortly after this in 1506, Shaybani captured Bukhara and the Uzbek Khanate became the Khanate of Bukhara.
Muhammad Shaybani was killed in the Battle of Marv by the Safavids ruled by Shah Ismail in 1510, and had his skull turned into a jeweled drinking goblet.
Khans of Shaybanid Domains
These are the khans ruling over the domains of the Uzbeks prior to the Abulkhairids.
* Shiban
* Bahadur Oghul
* Jochi Buqa
* Bad Oghul
* Mengu Timur Oghlan
* Fulad Oghul
* Ibrahim Sultan
* Dawlat Shaykh Oghlan
Abulkhairids
* Abu'l-Khayr Khan, son of Dawlat Shaykh Oghlan
* Sheikh Haidar, son of Abu'l-Khayr, died in battle in 1471 against Ibak Khan
* Muhammad Shaybani, grandson of Abu'l-Khayr Khan
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WIKI
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Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/River of Gad
River of Gad
* River of Gad Probably the Arno (2 Sam. 24:5).
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WIKI
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User:Ezembanwabu
Ezemba Nwabu is Nigerian Librarian. Currently the Acting Polytechnic Librarian of the Federal Polytechnic, Oko, in Orumba North Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria.
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WIKI
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Alejandrina Torres
Alejandrina Torres (born June 18, 1939) is a Puerto Rican woman whose trial as a member and role in Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional (FALN) resulted in her conviction and sentencing of 35 years for seditious conspiracy. Torres was linked to FALN, which claimed responsibility for 100 bombings and six deaths. Her sentence was commuted by President Bill Clinton in 1999.
Early years and personal life
Alejandrina Torres was born in San Lorenzo, Puerto Rico in 1939 and grew up in New York City. Her family emigrated to the United States when she was 11 years old. During the 1960s and 1970s, she was a leader in her community. During the time of her arrest, she was married to Rev. Jose A. Torres and was the mother of five children. Torres continued her education to better serve her community. She was a founding member and later a teacher at the Puerto Rican High School in Chicago. She help found Chicago's Betances Health Clinic. Her work and membership in the FALN were rooted in the work made by other Puerto Rican nationalists and separatists who believed in their right to fight U.S. colonialism in relation to the History of Puerto Rico with armed resistance.
Criminal activities, arrest and convictions
Torres was arrested in June 1983 at the age of 44. The arrest in April 1980 of a dozen FALN members in Evanston led to the identification of Edwin Cortes as a suspect. This led to the identification of a FALN safe-house, and subsequently that it was also used by Alejandrina Torres. The surveillance team was able to place cameras and listening equipment in the apartment. In the apartment, they found approximately 24 pounds of dynamite, 24 blasting caps, weapons, disguises, false identification and thousands of rounds of ammunition. The agents were able to neutralize all the ammunition and explosives in the apartment, by replacing the gunpowder with coconut charcoal. Using surveillance, investigators determined that the group planned to place bombs at a military facility on July 4, 1983. This prompted the arrest on June 29, 1983, of three FALN members: Edwin Cortes, Alberto Rodriguez, and Alejandrina Torres, and a fourth sympathizer (Jose Rodriguez).
Trial as a prisoner of war
At their trial proceedings, all of the arrested FALN members declared their status as prisoners of war, and refused, in general, to participate in the proceedings. They declared themselves to be combatants in an anti-colonial war against the United States to liberate Puerto Rico from U.S. domination and invoked prisoner of war status. They argued that the U.S. courts did not have jurisdiction to try them as criminals and petitioned for their cases to be handed over to an international court that would determine their status. The Federal court, however, did not recognize their request. During the trial, Cortes and Torres painted a picture of Puerto Rico as a bleak world where American corporations, particularly drug companies, conducted unethical experiments, such as birth control tests, on Puerto Rican women; where the American government systematically effaced a rich, proud Puerto Rican cultural heritage; and where the powerful, shadowy hand of the Wall Street capitalist dictated the country's politics and exploited its citizens and natural resources. Prosecutors countered: "There may be something heroic about someone who dies for his beliefs, but there is nothing heroic about someone who sneaks out into the dead of the night, plants bombs and then slinks back into the sanctuary of a safe house before the bomb detonates." Judge George Layton stated, "''One of the strange things about this case is that these defendants didn't accomplish any of their purpose. The didn't succeed in springing Oscar Lopez. They didn't succeed in springing anybody from Pontiac Correctional Center. And they didn't even succeed in planting the bombs. Why? Because in this case, in this court's judgement, represents one of the finest examples of preventive law enforcement that has ever come to this court's attention ... They were going to plant bombs in public buildings during a holiday."''
Torres and other FALN members had been linked to more than 100 bombings or attempted bombings since 1974 in their attempt to achieve independence for Puerto Rico. Torres was sentenced by a Federal district court to 35-years of incarceration for seditious conspiracy, bomb and weapons violations (conspiracy to make destructive devices, unlawful storage of explosives, possession of an unregistered firearm), and interstate transportation of a stolen car. Cortes and Rodriguez were convicted of conspiring to rob a Chicago Transit Authority money collector.
Commutation of sentence by President Clinton
On September 10, 1999, Torres was released as one of 12 FALN members granted conditional clemency by President Clinton. All of them were required to submit a written statement renouncing the use or threatened use of violence for any purpose. Clinton cited Rev. Desmond Tutu and former President Jimmy Carter as having been influential on his decision to grant clemency to FALN prisoners. Torres was one of the eleven who accepted clemency. The other ten who accepted clemency were: Edwin Cortes, Elizam Escobar, Ricardo Jiménez, Adolfo Matos, Dylcia Noemi Pagan, Alberto Rodriguez (FALN), Alicia Rodríguez (FALN), Ida Luz Rodríguez, Luis Rosa, and Carmen Valentín Pérez.
A spokesman for the Clinton administration stated that none of the crimes for which they were convicted resulted in deaths or injuries. They pointed out that they had not been convicted of the actual bombings. Rather, they had been convicted on a variety of charges ranging from bomb making, conspiracy to armed robbery, and firearms violations. Among the other convicted Puerto Rican nationalists there were sentences of as long as 90 years in Federal prisons for offenses, that included seditious conspiracy, possession of unregistered firearms, interstate transportation of a stolen vehicle, interference with interstate commerce by violence and interstate transportation of firearms with intent to commit a crime.
President Clinton's offer of clemency to former FALN members, including Alejandrina, was strongly opposed by overwhelming bipartisan majorities in both the US House of Representatives and US Senate. In criticizing President Clinton's decision, both houses of Congress categorized the FALN members as militant terrorists, and asserted that the actions of the FALN had killed 6 persons and maimed others, including members of law enforcement.
Challenges of political imprisonment
The sentences given to the FALN members were judged by some to be "out of proportion to the nationalists' offenses", and almost 20 times greater than sentences for similar offenses by the American population at large.
For many years, numerous national and international organizations criticized Torres' incarceration categorizing it as political imprisonment. Cases involving the other Puerto Rican Nationalist prisoners have also been categorized by some as cases of political prisoners. The Lexington, Kentucky facility where Torres was imprisoned was sharply criticized by Amnesty International and its closure was eventually ordered by U.S. District Judge Barrington Parker.
There were reports of human rights violations against the FALN prisoners. The prisoners were placed in prisons far from their families, some were sexually assaulted by prison personnel, some were denied adequate medical attention, and others were kept in isolated underground prison cells for no reason. Amnesty International and the House of Representatives' Subcommittee on Courts, Intellectual Property and the Administration of Justice both criticized the conditions. The conditions were found to be in violation of the U.N. Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners. A federal judge also expressed concerns regarding FALN prisoners held at the Female High Security Unit, Lexington, Kentucky. In the case of Baraldini vs. Meese, the judge found that their exceptionally restrictive conditions of detention were not in response to any legitimate security threat, and were therefore "an exaggerated response" and in violation of the prisoners' First Amendment rights.
Experience in prison
Throughout her imprisonment, Torres was plagued by health problems which were aggravated by prison staff's attacks and an indifference to her medical needs. Further, she faced physical abuse during her incarceration. It took the federal prison system six years to place her in a regular women's prison. Two of those six years were spent in the underground Women's High Security Unit at Lexington. Kentucky. Amnesty International condemned the conditions in that unit as "deliberately and gratuitously oppressive" and as causing physical and psychological deterioration.
Torres was one of four subjects housed in an experimental prison unit in Kentucky. The High Security Unit (HSU) was a kind of prison within a prison, occupying the basement of the Federal Correctional Institute. Allegations were made that the unit was an experimental underground political prison that practiced isolation and sensory deprivation. It was finally closed by a federal judge after two years of protest by religious and human rights groups. She was then moved to the federal women's prison in Danbury, Connecticut, from which she was released in September 1999.
Allegations of human rights violations
Torres was also sexually assaulted multiple times in cases involving prison personnel with the assailants never being charged. The attacks occurred in three different prisons. The first assault took place when she was locked in a men's unit, permitting the men to exhibit themselves in front of her. In a second incident, a male prison lieutenant forced her to put her head between his knees and observed while female guards tore off her clothes and left her naked. The authorities responded to Torres' complaint in this case by placing her in solitary confinement, prohibiting from calling her family and lawyer to denounce the abuses. She was further penalized for violating prison rules, and a secret letter was written to a judge assigned to her case giving a false version of the events. In the third case, female prison guards held her while a male guard inserted his fingers in her vagina and her anus during an alleged "search". The warden who ordered the search admitted later that he did not suspect Torres of having contraband, and that the search was in violation of prison rules.
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WIKI
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blood pressure problem
High blood pressure problem will benefit from this one work, know
High blood pressure is the biggest gift of the modern lifestyle. Which we also know as ‘silent killer’. Apart from bad eating habits, stress and poor sleep, sodium in the body is the main cause of this problem.
Common symptoms include headache, dizziness and increased heartbeat. This problem occurs when the pressure in the arteries of the heart is increased, then the blood has to apply more pressure to supply it to the organ.
Sleep helps to maintain energy levels, relax and relieve stress. If you have work stress then sleeping helps you to recover.
Unfortunately, the inability to sleep properly and work stress occurs simultaneously, and when combined with high blood pressure, the consequences are even more fatal.
High blood pressure is a serious problem and women suffering from it should think of ways to control it. Because if it is not controlled in time, it can damage other parts of the body such as the heart and kidneys.
Yes, high blood pressure increases the chances of having problems like heart attack, kidney failure, etc.. If you are also suffering from high blood pressure then avoid taking too much stress and get plenty of sleep.
Because work pressure and not getting enough sleep can increase the problem of high blood pressure. If you feel that you cannot bear the pressure of work in the office, then take a little breather.
Yes, one more thing can increase your anxiety, and that is not to sleep properly. Because new research has shown that workload, stress from the burden and not sleeping properly increases the risk of death from heart disease by 3 times in people with high blood pressure.
The research was attended by 2,000 employees, aged 25 to 65, without heart disease or diabetes, who complained of high blood pressure.
People with both risk factors were three times more likely to die from heart disease than people without work stress and good sleep. Research stated that people with work stress alone had 1.6 times higher risk, while only those with poor sleep had a 1.8 times higher risk.
It is harmful to have no power to change when trapped in a pressure situation. Therefore, if you are suffering from high blood pressure, then reduce the workload and get plenty of sleep from today.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 115 Part 2.djvu/525
PUBLIC LAW 107-110—JAN. 8, 2002 115 STAT. 1509 "(2) SECULAR, NEUTRAL, NONIDEOLOGICAL.—Such educational services or other benefits, including materials and equipment, shall be secular, neutral, and nonideological. "(3) EQUITY. —Educational services and other benefits for such private school children shall be equitable in comparison to services and other benefits for public school children participating under this part, and shall be provided in a timely manner. "(4) EXPENDITURES. —Expenditures for educational services and other benefits to eligible private school children shall be equal to the proportion of funds allocated to participating school attendance areas based on the number of children from lowincome families who attend private schools, which the local educational agency may determine each year or every 2 years. "(5) PROVISION OF SERVICES. —The local educational agency may provide services under this section directly or through contracts with public and private agencies, organizations, and institutions. "(b) CONSULTATION. — "(1) IN GENERAL. —To ensure timely and meaningful consultation, a local educational agency shall consult with appropriate private school officials during the design and development of such agency's programs under this part, on issues such as— "(A) how the children's needs will be identified; "(B) what services will be offered; "(C) how, where, and by whom the services will be provided; "(D) how the services will be academically assessed and how the results of that assessment will be used to improve those services; "(E) the size and scope of the equitable services to be provided to the eligible private school children, and the proportion of funds that is allocated under subsection (a)(4) for such services; "(F) the method or sources of data that are used under subsection (c) and section 1113(c)(1) to determine the number of children from low-income families in participating school attendance areas who attend private schools; "(G) how and when the agency will make decisions about the delivery of services to such children, including a thorough consideration and analysis of the views of the private school officials on the provision of services through a contract with potential third-party providers; and "(H) how, if the agency disagrees with the views of the private school officials on the provision of services through a contract, the local educational agency will provide in writing to such private school officials an analysis of the reasons why the local educational agency has chosen not to use a contractor. "(2) TIMING. —Such consultation shall include meetings of agency and private school officials and shall occur before the local educational agency makes any decision that affects the opportunities of eligible private school children to participate in programs under this part. Such meetings shall continue throughout implementation and assessment of services provided under this section.
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WIKI
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Privacy-preserving aggregation of time-series data
Citation
Shi, E.; Chan, H.; Rieffel, E.; Chow, R.; Song, D. Privacy-preserving aggregation of time-series data. 18th Annual Network & Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS);2011 February 6-9; San Diego, CA.
Abstract
We consider how an untrusted data aggregator can learn desired statistics over multiple participants data, without compromising each individuals privacy. We propose a construction that allows a group of participants to periodically upload encrypted values to a data aggregator, such that the aggregator is able to compute the sum of all participants values in every time period, but is unable to learn anything else. We achieve strong privacy guarantees using two main techniques. First, we show how to utilize applied cryptographic techniques to allow the aggregator to decrypt the sum from multiple ciphertexts encrypted under different user keys. Second, we describe a distributed data randomization procedure that guarantees the differential privacy of the outcome statistic, even when a subset of participants might be compromised.
Read more from SRI
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Safe Winching
While off-road enthusiasts are usually familiar with the techniques of safely operating a winch, those who have little experience may not know the drill. In this article, we will run through some of the details that impact the safety of a winching operation. The type of winch we will be discussing will be a winch mounted on the front bumper of an off-road vehicle. This is a common accessory as requested by Jeep owners says Brown’s Jeep of Patchogue, NY, a Dodge, Chrysler, Jeep, Ram dealer.
Winch safety
First order of business, let’s talk safety. Protecting yourself and those nearby is the first concern. Winches that have been overloaded, or set-up improperly, can result in snapped winch cables that can whip someone in the face or body causing terrible injuries. To avoid this, make sure that no one is in any position where they can be struck with a snapped cable. That means anyone in front of the cable or off to the side. Broken winch cables can fly in almost any direction.
Setting up the winch
The first step to using a winch properly is to attach your winch’s electronic remote control head to the designated multi-pin port on the winch. Route the electronic line so that you are safely away from the action when you start winching.
Next, let’s find a secure winching anchor location. In order for your vehicle to be freed successfully, the winch should be attached to a secure anchor point in a straight line from the point where your vehicle is stuck. Ideally, try to find a secure feature like a tree or large rock to hook the cable to. When a piece of nature isn’t available, you can utilize another vehicle as the anchor point.
Put on some leather gloves and adjust the winch controls to disengage the clutch. Start pulling out the cable and walk towards the anchor point in a straight line. When you get there, , wrap a winch strap around the anchor point at the lowest point possible. Slide a D-shackle through the ends of the strap and tighten the shackle’s anchor bolt. Then attach the cable to the anchor point.
Begin to wind the winch line back into the winch until there is slight tension on the line. Then double check the connections at the anchor point and make sure that everyone is well out of the way, should something go wrong.
Start winching
Using the remote control push the button that pulls the cable up into the winch spool. While winching, it is best to have the vehicle being winched running with a driver applying power. This will assist the winching. Once the vehicle starts move, continue reeling in the cable until the vehicle is on a stable surface. You’ll know you’ve succeeded when the vehicle can drive completely under its own power.
Last step
The last step is to remove the anchor strap and reel the cable back into the winch. Watch to make sure that the line does not become tangled up while re-spooling and be sure to never place any hands on the cable while re-spooling.
Ryan
I decided against the 9 - 5 grind so I can travel around the world and share my journey. Love people, music, writing and enjoying life. Share your thoughts.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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2nd East Riding Artillery Volunteers
The 2nd East Riding Artillery Volunteers was a part-time unit of Britain's Royal Artillery based at Hull and along the Humber Estuary. Its successor units provided field artillery on the Western Front during World War I and air defence artillery during and after World War II. Latterly it formed part of the Humber Artillery based at Hull.
Early history
At times of national crisis volunteers were regularly called upon to defend the vulnerable harbours on the coast of the East Riding of Yorkshire. At the time of the Jacobite rising of 1745, the Wardens and Brethren of Hull Trinity House formed four volunteer artillery companies, equipped with 20 nine-pounder cannon taken from a ship lying in Hull Roads. These were the first volunteer artillery units formed in Yorkshire, though there may have been others manning the cannon in the fort covering Bridlington harbour. The companies were stood down after the Jacobite defeat at Culloden.
Hull Trinity House organised a new artillery company during the French Revolutionary Wars, and a mixed unit of infantry and artillery manned the fort at Bridlington harbour. These units existed from 1794 until the Treaty of Amiens in 1802. When the peace broke down in 1803, the Bridlington Volunteer Artillery reformed, but the guns at Hull were manned by the Sea Fencibles and by Regulars.
Volunteer Force
A number of new artillery companies were formed in the East Riding during the first enthusiasm for the Volunteer Movement in 1859–60. The 1st Company East Yorkshire Artillery Volunteers formed at Bridlington, the 2nd at Hunmanby, and the 3rd at Hull (from personnel of the Hull Dock Company), all in 1859. In 1860 the 4th to 9th Companies followed at Hull and these were formed into a battalion on 12 May, becoming the 4th Yorkshire (East Riding) Artillery Volunteer Corps under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Martin Samuelson, a prominent local engineer and shipbuilder, whose brother Alexander Samuelson served as Captain of the 6th Company.
The 4th AVC competed with other Hull volunteer units for recruits, luring officers and non-commissioned officers (NCOs) away from the 2nd East Riding Rifle Volunteer Corps and recruits from the 3rd East Riding Artillery Volunteer Corps, which was disbanded in 1860. The 4th continued to expand, increasing its establishment in 1877 from eight to 12 batteries with a total of 965 men in 1878. One battery was formed by employees of Messrs Rose, Downs & Thompson (a manufacturer of oilseed crushing machinery), and another from members of the Hull Gymnastic Society. The 1st and 2nd Companies having combined to form the 1st East Riding Artillery Volunteers, the 4th was renumbered 2nd East Riding Artillery Volunteers in September 1880.
The unit leased from Hull Corporation a hall that had been built for a working men's exhibition adjacent to the Corporation Field in Park Street. The government supplied 32-pounder muzzle-loading guns in June 1860. Eight were used for drill purposes at the Hull Citadel and four were placed in a battery built on the Humber Bank adjacent to Earle's shipyard. The unit took part in national gunnery competitions, and won the Queen's Prize on several occasions. From 1886 the coastal artillery batteries were supplemented by minefields, and the 2nd East Riding AV trained with the Humber Division Submarine Miners.
As well as manning fixed coast defence artillery, some of the early Artillery Volunteers manned semi-mobile 'position batteries' of smooth-bore field guns pulled by agricultural horses. But the War Office refused to pay for the upkeep of field guns for Volunteers and they had largely died in the 1870s. In 1888 the 'position artillery' concept was revived and some Volunteer companies were reorganised as position batteries to work alongside the Volunteer infantry brigades. On 14 July 1892 the 2nd East Riding Volunteer Artillery were reorganised as one position battery and 10 garrison companies. By 1893 the War Office Mobilisation Scheme had allocated the unit to the Humber defences.
In 1882 the 2nd East Riding AV became part of the Northern Division of the Royal Artillery (later transferring to the Western Division). All Volunteer Artillery units became part of the Royal Garrison Artillery (RGA) in 1899 and with the abolition of the divisions the unit was redesignated 2nd East Riding Royal Garrison Artillery (Volunteers) on 1 January 1902.
Territorial Force
With the creation of the Territorial Force by the Haldane Reforms in 1908, the RGA Volunteers were extensively reorganised. In the original plans, the 2nd East Riding RGA would have become the 3rd Northumbrian Brigade in the Royal Field Artillery (RFA), comprising 1st–3rd East Riding Batteries and 3rd Northumbrian Ammunition Column. However, these plans were revised in 1910, so that the Hull-based RGA formed two field batteries and an ammunition column in the 2nd Northumbrian Brigade, RFA, and a separate East Riding RGA with four companies of coast defence artillery. The 2nd (or II) Northumbrian Bde was completed by a North Riding Battery from the former 1st East Riding RGA.
The 2nd Northumbrian Brigade had its headquarters (HQ) at Wenlock Barracks, Anlaby Road, Hull, while the 1st and 2nd East Riding Batteries and the ammunition column shared Londesborough Barracks in Park Street with the East Riding RGA and other TF units. The North Riding Battery was at the Drill Hall in Castle Street, Scarborough.
The three batteries were each equipped with four 15-pounder guns. The brigade was part of the Northumbrian Division of the TF.
Mobilisation
In late July 1914 the units of the Northumbrian Division were at their annual training camp in North Wales. On 3 August they were ordered to return to their respective headquarters, where at 17.00 next day they received orders to mobilise. This was particularly difficult for the divisional artillery, which had to gather requisitioned horses and mules and fit them with harness, and collect ammunition from Ordnance stores. The units went to their war stations along the coast, where there were numerous alerts. In October the division became part of Central Force in Home Defence and manned the Tyne Defences.
On the outbreak of war, TF units were invited to volunteer for Overseas Service and the large majority of the Northumbrian Division accepted. On 15 August the War Office (WO) issued instructions to separate those men who had signed up for Home Service only, and form these into reserve units. On 31 August, the formation of a reserve or 2nd Line unit was authorised for each 1st Line unit where 60 per cent or more of the men had volunteered for Overseas Service. The titles of these 2nd Line units would be the same as the original, but distinguished by a '2/' prefix. In this way duplicate battalions, brigades and divisions were created, mirroring those TF formations being sent overseas.
Ypres
The Northumbrian Division trained hard while manning the Tyne Defences, and orders to proceed to France to join the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) arrived on 16 April 1915. The division completed its concentration in the area of Steenvoorde on 23 April and went straight into action the next day in the Second Battle of Ypres. Casualties among the infantry were heavy during the fighting to stabilise the British line (Battle of St Julien 24–28 April), but the divisional artillery did not take part. Part of the divisional artillery first went into action at the Battle of Frezenberg Ridge (8–13 May), but 1/II Northumbrian Bde was not involved until the end. At 17.00 on 13 May it was ordered forward under the orders of the Commander, Royal Artillery, (CRA) of 28th Division, and occupied its gun positions in pitch darkness at 23.00. The batteries were south of Potijze, between the Menin and Ypres–Potijze roads, where they covered the zone between the Ypres–Westroosebeke road and the Ypres–Roulers (Roeselare) railway.
The Northumbrian Division officially became the 50th (Northumbrian) Division on 14 May. For the next 10 days the situation was quiet apart from desultory artillery fire (the BEF was short of artillery ammunition) but on 24 May the Germans launched another serious attack accompanied with gas (the Battle of Bellewaarde Ridge). The 50th Division had been split up to reinforce other formations and the infantry were heavily engaged for two days, but with ammunition being scarce there was little the gunners could do to support them.
Over the following months the division was concentrated and took over its own section of the line south of Ypres, with its own artillery in support. At first the 1/II Northumbrian Bde was south-east of Wippenhoek. By the end of July the division had moved to the Armentières sector, with 1st and 2nd East Riding Btys west of Ferme de la Buterne, and 3rd North Riding Bty just east of the lunatic asylum and the railway. The division stayed in this quiet sector until mid-November, when it moved to Merris. On 23 November 1915 the brigade was re-equipped with four modern 18-pounder guns to each battery, replacing the obsolete, short-ranged 15-pounders known to the gunners as 'pip-squeaks'.
In December 1915 the division returned to the Ypres Salient, in the Hill 60 sector, with the divisional artillery distributed around Zillebeke Lake, in appalling conditions. There was almost constant low-level fighting until the division was relieved at the beginning of April 1916 and moved to the Wytschaete sector. Here the observation posts on Mont Kemmel gave the gunners some advantage.
During May 1916 the BEF's artillery was reorganised. The 1/II Northumbrian Bde was numbered CCLI Brigade RFA (251 Bde) and the batteries were lettered A, B and C. The brigade formed a fourth battery, D, which was exchanged with 5th Durham Bty from the IV Northumbrian Brigade (CCLIII or 253 Bde), equipped with 4.5-inch howitzers. This became D (H) Bty. The brigade ammunition columns were merged into the divisional ammunition column.
Somme
50th (Northumbrian) Division was not involved in the Somme Offensive until its third phase (the Battle of Flers–Courcelette). CCLI Brigade, under Lt-Col F.B. Moss-Blundell, moved into position at Contalmaison on 19 August 1916, while the infantry took over the front line between 7 and 10 September. The attack was to be delivered on 15 September, preceded by three days' bombardment by the divisional artillery during which the 4.5-inch howitzers pounded the enemy defences during daylight and fired harassing gas shell at night, while the 18-pounders fired shrapnel all night to disrupt repair parties. The infantry attacked behind a creeping barrage of 18-pounder shells, the first time the divisional artillery had fired one. It started 150 yards (140 m) ahead of the British front line at Zero hour (06.20) and then advanced at 50 yards per minute until 200 yards (180 m) beyond the first objective, where it paused for an hour, providing a protective curtain of fire while the infantry reorganised. This procedure was then to be repeated for the second and third objectives. CCLI Brigade, with one battery of CCL Bde attached, fired the inner right-hand portion of the divisional barrage, supporting the advance of 7th Battalion, Northumberland Fusiliers. (On other parts of the front the attacking infantry were supported by Mark I tanks.)
7th Northumberland Fusiliers took their first objective (Hook Trench) with little trouble, but 47th (1/2nd London) Division to the right was unable to capture High Wood, and the Fusiliers suffered severe flanking fire from that dominant position. 7th Battalion was unable to follow the barrage to the second objective (the Starfish Line) and only reached it an hour late. Follow-up attacks were beaten back. However the advance on the flank of High Wood did assist the 47th Division in finally capturing that position. An attempt to continue the attack the following morning after a 15-minute intense bombardment was a failure. It took a week of fighting for the division to reach its final objective.
The division made further piecemeal advances during the Battle of Morval (25–28 September) and then made another setpiece attack at the Battle of the Transloy Ridges at 15.15 on 1 October. The barrage laid down by the divisional artillery was described by participants as 'a perfect wave of fire without any gaps', and by a Royal Flying Corps observer as 'a most magnificent barrage. The timing ... was extremely good. Guns opened simultaneously ... As seen from the air the barrage appeared to be a most perfect wall of fire, in which it was inconceivable that anything could live'. The creeping barrage also acted as a smokescreen, and infantry advancing close behind it were onto their objectives with few casualties.
On the night of 3/4 October the division was relieved, but the artillery remained in the line, supporting other formations. The division returned on 24 October for an attack on the Butte de Warlencourt, which was several times delayed. 151st (Durham Light Infantry) Brigade finally attacked on 5 November, supported by all available guns. Because the infantry could only move slowly through the mud, the barrage advanced at only 25 yards (23 m) per minute. Although 9th Bn Durham Light Infantry crept forward behind the barrage and took their objective, the rest of the assault bogged down. After strong German counter-attacks the infantry had been pushed back to their start line by 13.00 on 6 November, despite the efforts of the gunners to break up the counter-attacks. Further lodgements made in the enemy positions on 14 November were also driven back, and the divisional artillery was relieved that night. The task of hauling the guns out of the mud was particularly onerous.
On 16 November a further reorganisation of field artillery was carried out, when the four-gun 18-pounder batteries were increased to six guns each. The two sections of B/253 Bty (the former D/251 Bty) rejoined, together with a section of C/253 Bty, and one two-gun section was assigned to each battery of 251st Bde. D (H) Battery continued with just four howitzers until 16 January 1917, when it was joined by Left Section of D (H)/252 Bty (the former 3rd Northumbrian Bde).
Arras
After a winter spent trench-holding, 50th Division was moved to the Arras sector for the forthcoming Arras offensive. On 25 March 1917 the divisional artillery was temporarily transferred to VII Corps and CCLI Bde moved up on 31 March to positions between Beaurains and Agny under the command of 56th (1/1st London) Division. 1 April was spent getting ammunition up to the guns and in registering targets, then from 2 April until Z Day for the First Battle of the Scarpe (9 April) the guns were engaged in the general bombardment, wire-cutting and gas shelling. The attack went in behind a barrage that was described as a 'tornado of shell fire' and was generally successful. 50th Division took over some of the captured ground on 12/13 April, and then became involved in heavy fighting round Wancourt Tower. A German counter-attack on 18 April was completely dispersed by the divisional artillery.
The advance was renewed on 23 April in the Second Battle of the Scarpe, 50th Division attacking towards Wancourt Tower, supported by the artillery of 14th (Light) Division as well as its own. The heavy barrage rolled forwards too slowly, and the infantry suffered casualties by advancing into it. They took their early objectives, but had been forced back by midday. The division attacked with a fresh brigade in the afternoon, preceded by another barrage, and held its objectives by nightfall. During the summer of 1917 the division held a section of the line, with frequent raids and exchanges of artillery fire.
Passchendaele
In October 50th Division returned to the Ypres sector to take part in the last and worst phase of the Third Ypres Offensive, the Second Battle of Passchendaele. Here the problem was to get the guns up through the mud close enough to the line to fire a barrage to support the infantry through the Germans' deep defences. Five separate barrages were fired, the field guns participating in the creeping barrage and then the standing barrage. Zero hour was at 05.40 on 26 October, but from the first the infantry struggling through the mud could not keep up with the barrage, which had no effect on the concrete pillboxes. The three attacking battalions of the Northumberland Fusiliers suffered appalling casualties and gained almost no ground, while the gunners suffered heavily from shellfire, both high explosive and mustard gas. Some advances were made on 30 and 31 October, and the division was finally withdrawn for rest and training on 9 November.
Spring Offensive
50th (Northumbrian) Division was 20–25 miles behind the lines in GHQ Reserve when the German spring offensive opened on 21 March 1918 (the Battle of St Quentin), but the divisional artillery moved out that afternoon, CCLI Bde marching via Cartigny and Bouvincourt to Vraignes, and 02.00 on 22 March the batteries went into action east of Poeuilly (B/251), east and west of Sailor's Wood (D/251 and A/251) and west of Soyécourt (C/251), covering the zone near Caulières Wood. The brigade fired bursts on pre-arranged 'SOS lines' from 09.00, but the batteries were blinded by fog. The infantry of the division had crossed the River Somme and was deployed for action on the 'Green Line' by 08.00 that morning. There they attempted to improve the partially-dug defences before the troops retreating from the German advance passed through them. The division came under attack at 16.30. Unfortunately, the protective barrage from the divisional artillery came down on the defence line rather than on the attackers. A vital ridge was lost, and although the attack ceased at nightfall, the division pulled back towards the Somme Canal, covered by the darkness and next morning's mist.
At 05.30 on 23 March, CCLI Bde moved south to cover the retreat of 24th Division, and put down a protective barrage, communication being maintained by officer patrols. The brigade's guns were in turn shelled with considerable accuracy by German guns directed by reconnaissance aircraft. The brigade was then ordered to retire across the Somme Canal, which was achieved under heavy shellfire.
The division's infantry played little part in the Battle of the Somme Crossings on 24 March, but CCLI Bde had a busy day. Informed at 10.00 by 24th Infantry Bde that the enemy were crossing the largely dry canal and advancing on Morchain, A/251 Bty moved in sections to the crest of a hill and caught large numbers of Germans in the open, firing on them over open sights. C/251 and D/251 Btys fell back with 24th Bde, but it was not until 11.30 that A/251 and B/251 received orders to retire, which they did by alternate sections. The batteries came into action again between Marchélepot and Licourt for the rest of the day, firing on roads crowded with enemy troops, guns and transport, while being attacked by low-flying German aircraft.
There was further heavy fighting on 25 March. The gunners were hampered by fog in the morning, but afterwards supported the hard-pressed infantry all day. From Marchélepot and Licourt, CCLI Bde finally fetched up at Vermandovillers under the command of 24th Division. At one point in the evening, its batteries found themselves in front of the front line, the infantry having fallen back. The division was thoroughly split up and fought piecemeal during the Battle of Rosieres on 26 and 27 March, but the stubborn fighting during the retreat had slowed the German advance, which came to a halt by the end of the month. However, even when the division was relieved, its artillery remained in action with other formations, with CCLI Bde in the area of Gentelles until 8 April, under fire (particularly on 4 April) while fighting swirled back and forth round Hangard Wood before settling down.
The division had been moved to the Estaires sector, which was where the next German offensive (the Battle of Estaires) opened on 9 April. That morning the Northumbrian infantry had to advance from reserve and were committed piecemeal to relieve the Portuguese Expeditionary Force that had been driven from its positions. There followed three days of bitter fighting until the enemy advance was held. The German offensive was renewed on 12 April (the Battle of Hazebrouck), during which the division was relieved on 13 April.
Captured
The 50th Division was moved to a quiet sector to rest and absorb reinforcements. Unfortunately, the location chosen, the Chemin des Dames ridge in the French sector, was the target of the third phase of the German offensive (the Third Battle of the Aisne), which opened on 27 May. The division got word of the impending German attack, and at 20.00 on 26 May CCLI Bde was ordered to put down a bombardment on roads and approaches behind the enemy front line from 21.00 to midnight. The German guns did not reply, but at 01.00 on 27 May they opened a heavy preparation, which immediately cut all the telephone lines. The German infantry came on at 03.30, supported by tanks, and the division's front line dissolved by 05.30. Soon the enemy infantry were approaching the gunpits, where the gunners – fighting in respirators because of gas shelling – suffered heavy casualties from shellfire.
CCLI Brigade HQ was overrun and taken prisoner virtually to a man, including the CO, Lt-Col F.B. Moss-Blundell. The batteries had their left flanks turned and were taken in rear. A Battery fired point blank at the advancing infantry at a range of 60 yards and all the guns fired to the last minute. Most of the brigade's guns were put out of action by enemy shellfire, in the case of those remaining in action the breechblocks and dial sights were removed before capture. The enemy only captured the gun positions after hand-to-hand fighting. CCLI Brigade's total casualties were 19 officers and about 250 other ranks, chiefly missing.
Hundred Days Offensive
After the disaster on the Chemin des Dames, 50th (Northumbrian) Division was reduced to a training cadre. When it was reformed in the summer of 1918, all the original battalions had been replaced by others (mainly from the Macedonian front), but the artillery brigades were reconstituted under their old numbers.
The division re-entered combat in the Battle of Beaurevoir (3–5 October). By now the Allied Hundred Days Offensive was gathering pace, the main Hindenburg Line had been crossed, and the division encountered little opposition until the second day, when the artillery greatly assisted its advance through Gouy and Le Catelet onto the high ground of Prospect Hill. On 6 October the division forced its way into the Beaurevoir Line, the last support line of the Hindenburg defences.
After a short rest, 50th Division attacked again on 8 October (the Second Battle of Cambrai) advancing from Gouy towards Le Cateau. This was followed by the division's assault crossing of the River Selle (17 October), and then the Battle of the Sambre (4 November), where protected by a very accurate artillery barrage it quickly advanced through the Forêt de Mormal, overran the German positions and pushed on to establish bridgeheads over the River Sambre.
On 5 November, 151st Infantry Bde resumed the advance, supported by CCLI Bde. They crossed the Sambre, followed by the artillery and made for the high ground beyond. The infantry got across the Helpe Majeure river, but the crossings were impassable for the artillery. By 7 November, some guns were across, and 151st Bde, with two 18-pounders accompanying each battalion, advanced to the high ground at St Aubin and Dourlers. By 9 November the division was pursuing the defeated Germans with mobile columns.
The 50th Division had been relieved and was in billets when the Armistice with Germany came into effect on 11 November. Demobilisation began in December 1918, and the division ceased to exist in France on 19 March 1919. It began to reform in England under its old name of Northumbrian Division in April 1920.
2/II Northumbrian Brigade
The 2nd Line TF units of the Northumbrian Division slowly assembled around Newcastle upon Tyne, where 2nd Northumbrian Divisional HQ opened in January 1915. By May 1915, all the division's Home Service men had been transferred to separate units and thenceforth the 2nd Line units had the role of training drafts for the 1st Line serving in France. While under training they were responsible for defending the stretch of coast from Seaham Harbour through Sunderland to Newcastle. The division became 63rd (2nd Northumbrian) Division on 16 August. In November the division moved into winter quarters around York and Doncaster.
In May 1916 the RFA brigades were reorganised, 2/II Northumbrian Bde becoming CCCXVI (316) Brigade, RFA and the batteries becoming A, B and C. 2/5th Durham (H) Bty joined from 2/IV Northumbrian (318) Bde and became D (H) Bty. 63rd Divisional Artillery then moved to Heytesbury to train on Salisbury Plain for overseas service. However, the decision had been made to break up the weak 63rd (2nd Northumbrian) Division and its number was transferred to the Royal Naval Division, veterans of Antwerp and Gallipoli, now arriving on the Western Front. Since the RN Division had no artillery of its own, 63rd Divisional Artillery was now assigned to it.
The brigade disembarked at Le Havre on 3 July 1916. On 26 July it was reorganised, 1/5th Kent (H) Bty joining from IV Home Counties (223) Bde as D (H) Bty. However, 316 Bde was broken up among the other RFA brigades of 63rd (RN) Division at the end of August 1916 before seeing any significant action as a unit.
Interwar
When the TF was reconstituted as the Territorial Army (TA), the 2nd Northumbrian Bde reformed on 7 February 1920 with an extra battery (formerly the Northumbrian Division's Heavy Battery). In 1921 the brigade and its batteries were renumbered:
73rd (Northumbrian) Brigade, RFA
* HQ at Wenlock Barracks, Hull (moving to Artillery Barracks, Lytton Street, Middlesbrough in the 1930s)
* 289 (1st East Riding) Battery at Hull
* 290 (2nd East Riding) Battery at Hull
* 291 (1st North Riding) Battery at Upgang Lane, Whitby
* 292 (2nd North Riding) Battery (Howitzers) at Grange Road, Middlesbrough (moving to the Artillery Barracks, Lytton Street, before 1930) – formerly the Northumbrian (North Riding) Heavy Battery
* No 1 Cadet Battery (St Mary's College, Middlesbrough) attached to 292 Bty
The unit continued to form part of 50th (Northumbrian) Division. In 1924 the Royal Field Artillery was subsumed into the Royal Artillery (RA) after which RFA brigades were termed Field Brigades, RA.
Anti-Aircraft conversion
In the 1930s the increasing need for anti-aircraft (AA) defence for Britain's cities was addressed by converting a number of TA units to that role. 73rd (Northumbrian) Field Bde became 62nd (Northumbrian) AA Bde on 10 December 1936, and the four batteries were renumbered 172 (1st ER) to 175 (2nd NR). The unit formed part of 30th (Northumbrian) AA Group in 2 AA Division.
As international tensions increased, the TA's AA strength grew rapidly, much of this expansion being achieved by splitting existing units. In March 1938 the two North Riding batteries (174 and 175) were transferred to form a new 85th (Tees) AA Bde at Middlesbrough, while 73rd Bde's HQ returned to Hull and the unit was brought up to strength with 221 (1st West Riding) Bty at York converted from a battery of 54th (West Riding and Durham) Medium Bde. It also formed a new 266 (3rd East Riding) Bty at Hull on 29 October 1938. 1 January 1939 all RA brigades were redesignated as regiments The last change in 62 AA Rgt's composition before the outbreak of war came on 7 March 1939, when 221 Bty left to form part of another new regiment, 91st AA Rgt.
Mobilisation and Phoney War
The TA's AA units were mobilised on 23 September 1938 during the Munich Crisis, with units manning their emergency positions within 24 hours, even though many did not yet have their full complement of men or equipment. The emergency lasted three weeks, and they were stood down on 13 October. In February 1939 the existing AA defences came under the control of a new Anti-Aircraft Command. In June a partial mobilisation of TA units was begun in a process known as 'couverture', whereby each AA unit did a month's tour of duty in rotation to man selected gun positions. On 24 August, ahead of the declaration of war, AA Command was fully mobilised at its war stations.
On mobilisation, the regiment manned gunsites in the Humber Gun Zone as part of 39 AA Bde in 2 AA Division (although a new 7 AA Division was being formed to cover the area north of the Humber, its exact responsibilities had still to be worked out), and drew its ammunition from the magazine at Paull. On the outbreak of war, the Humber Gun Zone had 30 heavy AA guns, of which 28 were operational.
Shortly after the outbreak of war, a number of the regiment's TA officers volunteered to transfer to the Regular 4th AA Rgt, which was deploying to France with the British Expeditionary Force.
On 23 September 1939 62nd AA Rgt and the Humber Gun Zone were transferred to the command of 31 (North Midland) AA Bde in 7 AA Division, but returned to 39 AA Bde in 2 AA Division in May 1940.
39 AA Brigade already referred to its AA units equipped with heavy AA guns (3-inch, 3.7-inch or 4.5-inch) as HAA (to distinguish them from the newer light AA or LAA units that were being formed; this became official across the Royal Artillery on 1 June 1940 and the regiment became 62nd (Northumbrian) HAA Rgt on 1 June.
Battle of Britain and Blitz
After the Fall of France, German day and night air raids and mine laying began along the East Coast of England, intensifying through June 1940. Several times the Humber HAA guns (62nd and 91st HAA Rgts) were in action against aircraft attacking the Salt End and North Killingholme oil installations north and south of the estuary, and the guns scored their first 'kill' on the night of 26/27 June. At this time 62nd HAA Rgt had 173 (2nd East Riding), 198 (from 67th (York and Lancaster) HAA Rgt) and 409 HAA Btys under command; in August it had 172 (1st East Riding) and 198 HAA Btys, while 173 was in the Sheffield Gun Zone under 67th HAA Rgt and 409 HAA Bty had gone to the Derby Gun Zone. As of 11 July, the Humber Gun Zone had 38 operational HAA guns.
Luftwaffe night raids over the Humber increased during August while the Battle of Britain was under way, but were still small in scale. By October, 62nd HAA Rgt on the north bank of the Humber had all three of its own batteries back under command, manning static 4.5-inch guns, together with 198 HAA Bty until that went to reinforce the defences of London as The Blitz got under way. The AA Defence Commander (AADC) and Gun Operations Room (GOR) for the Humber Gun Zone (later Gun Defence Area, GDA) were based at Wenlock Barracks.
A new 10 AA Division was created in November 1940, and 39th AA Bde was transferred to it, retaining its responsibility for the defence of the Humber Estuary and Scunthorpe.
Throughout the night of 12/13 December the Humber guns engaged large numbers of bombers passing over on their way to attack Sheffield and Rotherham (the Sheffield Blitz). In February 1941 the Luftwaffe began a campaign of intensive minelaying in the Humber, and 'barrage fire' against the circling raiders was pretty much guesswork. However, barrage fire partially disrupted a heavy raid against Hull and Grimsby on the night of 23/24 February. Predicted concentrations, using Gun Laying (GL) Radar, were more effective if there were not too many targets.
The regiment sent a cadre of experienced officers and other ranks to 206th Training Regiment at Arborfield to provide the basis of a new 407 HAA Bty; this was formed on 16 January 1941 and joined the regiment temporarily on 10 April and then permanently from 10 June. 62nd HAA Rgt was also reinforced from 26 March to 19 May by 242 HAA Bty of 77th (Welsh) HAA Rgt on loan from Cardiff.
Hull was raided regularly during the better weather of March 1941 (the Hull Blitz), with a serious raid on 13/14 March leaving many fires burning and numerous casualties, while Hull Docks was attacked on 31 March/1 April. The most concentrated attacks came on the nights of 7/8 and 8/9 May. On the first night, fires started in the city acted as a beacon for subsequent waves of bombers, and the telephone lines to the GOR were cut. The Humber guns fired 1950 rounds that night. On the second night, the bombers starting dive-bombing the still-burning city in groups, making predicted fire difficult, but the guns fired about 3400 rounds. The two-night blitz resulted in over 400 deaths in the city. However, after mid-May the number of raids against the UK tailed away and the Blitz is considered to have ended on 16 May, though periodic raids still occurred.
The regiment provided further cadres. One was for 442 HAA Bty formed on 12 June 1941 at 210th HAA Training Rgt, Oswestry, which joined 130th (Mixed) HAA Rgt ('Mixed' units being those into which women of the Auxiliary Territorial Service were integrated). Another cadre was for 466 HAA Bty formed on 7 August 1941 at 210th HAA Training Rgt, which became Mixed on 3 September and joined 135th (M) HAA Rgt.
The number of 4.5-inch HAA guns in the Humber GDA continued to increase during 1941, and on 5 September the regiment was reinforced by 184 HAA Bty from 66th (Leeds Rifles) HAA Rgt, replaced in November by 340 HAA Bty from 95th HAA Rgt until 10 December. In November, RHQ, including the GOR, left Wenlock Barracks and moved out of the city to Wawne Hall.
Mobile training
62nd HAA Regiment now became a unit of the field force rostered for overseas service. On 15 February 1942 it left 39 AA Bde, and joined 11 AA Bde for mobile training at Yeovil, while 407 HAA Bty transferred to 128th HAA Rgt as the 62nd adopted the three-battery organisation of field force HAA regiments. Between training, field force AA units were loaned back to AA Command, and by April the 62nd had joined 70 AA Bde in 4 AA Division in North West England.
In July 1942, 62nd HAA Rgt left AA Command and came under direct WO control. By November it had attached to it the ancillary sub-units to make it fully mobile to take part in Operation Torch:
* RHQ
* 172, 173, 266 Btys
* 62 HAA Rgt Signal Section, Royal Corps of Signals
* 62 HAA Workshop, Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers (REME)
* 62 HAA Rgt Platoon, Royal Army Service Corps
North Africa
The regiment landed in North Africa with 62 AA Bde and had joined Allied Force Headquarters by 18 December 1942. 62 AA Bde was the second AA formation to arrive, and its role was to relieve the most mobile AA units at Algiers and allow them to advance with the Allied Forces as they drove eastwards. 62nd HAA Regiment had one battery deployed at the port of Algiers by mid-January 1943. Further arrivals allowed 62 AA Bde to extend its area eastwards, and by mid-March 62nd HAA Rgt had 4-gun troops at Algiers, at Blida and Maison Blanche airfields, and 1 1($1/undefined$) batteries (12 guns) at Bougie harbour. Algiers and Bougie were defined as Vulnerable Areas (VAs) and were designated as Inner Artillery Zones (IAZs) where the guns were permitted to fire at any aircraft within 12,000 yards (11,000 m) unless they returned Identification friend or foe (IFF) signals.
In the final phase of the campaign, Operation Vulcan in mid-May, the regiment was deployed with two batteries at Bougie and one at Djidjelli airfield, now under 25 AA Bde.
Italy
Until April 1944 the regiment remained in North Africa with 52 AA Bde, protecting the ports of Bizerta, Bône and Philippeville from which the invasions of Sicily and Italy were launched and supplied. The brigade landed at Barletta in south-east Italy on 22 April 1944. It moved up to the Foggia Airfield Complex and in July it relieved 8 AA Bde. 62nd HAA Regiment then moved with 8 AA Bde across Italy, first to Civitavecchia and the US airfields on the Tiber plain, then back across to Ancona. In the second half of 1944, with the threat from the Luftwaffe greatly reduced, AA units in Italy began to be withdrawn for disbandment. By January 1945 most of 8 AA Bde had left, but 62nd HAA Rgt remained deployed at Ancona until early May, when all AA defence commitments ended and the regiment instead formed a transport pool for the Allied occupying force.
Regimental HQ with 172, 173 and 266 HAA Btys was placed in suspended animation on 10 December 1945.
Postwar
When the TA was reconstituted on 1 January 1947 the regiment reformed at Hull as 462 (Northumbrian) HAA Rgt, and on 14 July the following year it became a 'Mixed' unit, indicating that members of the Women's Royal Army Corps (WRAC) were integrated into it. It also had a HAA Workshop of the REME at the Walton Street TA Centre in Hull. The regiment formed part of 57 AA Bde (the former 31 AA Bde) based at Immingham, but that formation was disbanded in 1948. On 1 January 1954 the regiment absorbed 676 HAA Rgt, a short-lived unit that had been formed postwar at Hull.
AA Command was disbanded in 1955 and there were wholescale disbandments and mergers among the TA's AA units. On 10 March 1955, 462 HAA Rgt amalgamated with the Lincolnshire-based 529 LAA Rgt and 581 (5th Bn The Royal Lincolnshire Regiment) HAA Rgt to form 440 (Humber) LAA Rgt with the following organisation by 1960:
* RHQ at Wenlock Barracks, Hull
* P Battery at Hull
* Q Battery at Grimsby and Louth
* R (5th Royal Lincolnshire Regt) Battery at Scunthorpe, later Grimsby
* S Battery (ex 529 LAA Rgt, disbanded 1 May 1960)
* 440 (Humber) Light Aid Detachment, REME, at Hull
Many of the WRACs who could not be accommodated in the merged regiment transferred to a squadron of the Royal Corps of Signals that was also based at Wenlock Barracks. The merged regiment was equipped with electrically operated L/70 Bofors guns to deal with low-flying aircraft, and training was handled by the men of the former 529 LAA Rgt. In 1961 the LAA part of its title was dropped, and then in 1964 it became a Light Air Defence regiment. In the 1960s the regiment was granted the Freedom of the City of Hull and the Boroughs of Scunthorpe and Grimsby, and formed its own band.
A further reduction in 1967 saw the TA reorganised as the TAVR, and on 1 April 1967 the regiment became The Humber Regiment RA (Territorials), without guns:
* P (East Riding) Battery at Hull
* Q Battery at Grimsby (absorbed elements of 594 Ambulance Squadron, Royal Corps of Transport)
* R (5 Lincoln) Battery at Scunthorpe
On 1 January 1969 the Humber Regiment was reduced to an eight-man cadre located with 250 (Hull) Field Ambulance, Royal Army Medical Corps; part of P Bty went to 129 (East Riding) Field Squadron, Royal Engineers, at Hull (descended from the East Riding Royal Garrison Artillery); part of Q Bty formed a platoon in 16 Independent Company, Parachute Regiment, at Grimsby.
However, on 1 April 1971 the unit was reconstituted from the cadre at Hull as A (The Humber Artillery) Battery, 2nd Battalion, Yorkshire Volunteers at Wenlock Barracks. The battery became an infantry company in 1975 and on 1 December 1977 it amalgamated with B Company of the battalion at Londesborough Barracks. The Humber Artillery lineage was discontinued until 1 April 1991, when E (The Humber Artillery) Company reformed at Mona House, Hull, from elements of 2nd Bn and of 129 Field Sqn.
Finally, on 4 April 1992, E Company was reabsorbed by B Company and the Humber Artillery lineage ended.
Honorary Colonel
The following served as Honorary Colonel of the unit:
* William Denison, 1st Earl of Londesborough, appointed 11 August 1860
* Beilby Lawley, 3rd Lord Wenlock, appointed 30 March 1881
* O. Sanderson, appointed 8 August 1914
* Colonel F.B. Moss-Blundell, CMG, DSO, TD, appointed 21 September 1927
* Major Lawrence Dundas, 2nd Marquess of Zetland, appointed 30 November 1932
Memorial
A memorial plaque was placed in Holy Trinity Church, Hull, in 1960 to mark the centenary of the East Yorkshire Artillery Volunteers. Its full wording is:
THIS TABLET WAS PLACED HERE TO MARK THE CENTENARY/ YEAR IN 1960 OF THE FORMATION OF THE EAST YORKSHIRE/ ARTILLERY VOLUNTEERS AND IN RECOGNITION OF THE/ FAITHFUL AND GALLANT SERVICES OF THOSE CITIZENS OF/ KINGSTON UPON HULL AND OTHERS WHO SERVED IN PEACE AND/ WAR AS ARTILLERY MEN IN THE UNDERMENTIONED REGIMENT/ 3RD EAST YORKSHIRE ARTILLERY VOLUNTEERS 2ND EAST YORKSHIRE ARTILLERY VOLUNTEERS 2ND EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE/ RGA VOLUNTEERS 2ND NORTHUMBRIAN BRIGADE RFA T.F. EAST RIDING RGA T.F. 77TH SIEGE BATTERY RGA T.F./ 165 SIEGE BATTERY RGA T.F. 251ST BRIGADE T.F. 73RD NORTHUMBRIAN FIELD BRIGADE RA T.A. EAST RIDING HEAVY/ BRIGADE RA T.A. 62ND HEAVY A.A. REGIMENT RA T.A. 422 EAST RIDING COAST REGIMENT RA T.A. 462 MIXED HEAVY/ A.A. REGIMENT RA T.A. 676 A.A. REGIMENT RA T.A. 440 HUMBER LIGHT A.A. REGIMENT RA T.A.
External sources
* Land Forces of Britain, the Empire and Commonwealth
* Grace's Guide to British Industrial History
* Imperial War Museum War Memorials Register.
* The Long, Long Trail
* The Regimental Warpath 1914–1918
* The Royal Artillery 1939–45
* Yorkshire Volunteers Regimental Association
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WIKI
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Zamfara State
Zamfara is a state in North West Nigeria with its capital at Gusau. It is bordered to the east by Katsina State, to the west by Sokoto and Niger State, to the north by the Republic of the Niger and to the south by Kaduna State. The slogan of Zamfara is "Farming is our Pride".
Cities
* — the capital of the state has the state museum, and a branch of the national art gallery
* — the tomb of Kauran Namoda, an Alibawa warrior, is visited by thousands of people yearly
Other destinations
* — A vast forest area that stretches from the Dajin Rugu to the Kontagora Forest with an area of 2,614 km2. It was designated as a National Game Reserve in 1971 to preserve animals and plants of rare species. It houses different wild animals such as elephants, lions, and hyena.
Understand
Zamfara has an estimated population of 9.8 million in 2011 and occupies an area of 34,284 km².
Zamfara is mainly populated by Hausa and Fulani people, with some members of Gwari, Kamuku, Kambari, Dukawa, Bussawa and Zabarma ethnic communities and other ethnic group like Igbo, Yoruba, Kanuri, Nupe and Tiv. It comprises fourteen local government areas. The widely spoken languages in Zamfara are Hausa and Fulfulde while English is their official language. Islam is the principal and major religion in Zamfara while those that practice Christianity are in minority. It is the host for the following tertiary institutions:
* Federal Polytechnic, Namoda
* Zamfara State University
* Federal University Gusau
* Federal College of Education (Technical), Gusau
* Zamfara State College of Art and Sciences, Gusau
Zamfara is made up of fourteen local government areas:
* Anka, Bakura, Birnin Magaji/Kiyaw, Bukkuyum, Bungudu, Chafe, Gummi, Gusau, Kaura Namoda, Maradun, Maru, Shinkafi, Talata Mafara, and Zurmi
History
Over the years, the people of Zamfara have struggled for autonomy, but it was not until 1996 that the then military administration of the Late General Sani Abacha detached the Zamfara State from Sokoto State.
The area today called Zamfara state was one of the old state like Kano, Katsina, Gobir, Kabi and Zazzau. The earliest inhabitants of Zamfara were hunters and giants. They established their first settlement at Dutsi which was the first capital of Zamfara. It extends up to the bend of River Rima to the north west and River Ka in the south west. Zamfara Kingdom was established in the 11th century and flourished up to 16th century as a city-state. Its capital has shifted with the fortunes of the kingdom from place to place like Dutsi and Birnin Zamfara.
In the first half of the 18th century, its then capital Birnin Zamfara, was destroyed by the Gobir Kingdom and a new capital was established in Anka by the second half of the 19th century. Zamfara had many centers of commerce and scholarship that attracted many scholars like the Yandoto city. It became part of the Sokoto Caliphate after the 1804 jihad by Usman dan Fodio. In fact, Usman Danfodiyo settled in Sabon Gari where Sarkin Zamfara Abarshi had already established a garrison headquarters during the early days of his Jihad as a base from where fought Gobir and Kabi.
At the wake of British colonialism, the emerging town of Gusau became an important commercial and administrative center with road and rail networks passing through it. With the creation of states during the Gowon Administration, Zamfara Kingdom became part of the then North West state and later the Sokoto State.
Zamafara was the first state in Nigeria to introduce Sharia Law during the regime of Ahmad Sani Yerima, the former Governor of the state. Sharia Law is an Islamic legal system derived from the religious precepts of Islam. The people consider it as a divine law, as it originates from the Quaran and the Sunnah and despite all the controversies stemming from the application of the Sharia law and its implications on human rights, it is still practiced within Zamfara. As a result amputation of hands and limbs, beheading, and stoning are not entirely illegal within there.
Climate
The climate condition of Zamfara is tropical with temperatures rising up to 38 °C (100.4 °F) and above between March and May. The climate is tropical marked by dry and rainy season. Rainy season starts in late May to September while the mild season known as Harmattan lasts from December to April.
Agriculture
Agriculture and gold mining are the main occupations of the people of the Zamfara and the central source of income. Irrigation is required for cereals and legumes hence its slogan "farming is our pride".
The state is basically an agricultural state with over 80 percent of the people engaged in various forms of agriculture. Major agricultural products include millet, guinea corn, maize, rice, groundnut, cotton, tomato, potato, tobacco and beans while its solid minerals include: gold, iron ore, copper, tantalite, and manganese.
By plane
Visitors that intend to come into Zamfara by air have to make use of the airport in the state which is in Gusau.
By bus
Many transport companies in Zamfara offer daily services from almost all major cities and States around the country. These transport companies include:
Get around
The main forms of transportation in Zamfara are buses, carb and taxi. Most transport enters and leaves the city of Zamfara through Gusau Central Motor Park.
See
* Gusau is home to a state museum and a branch of the National Gallery of Art.
Do
* Kokowa Wrestling Festival is one of the major festivals of the Zamfara State. It is an annual festival that is usually celebrated during the dry season in the village square. During this cultural festival, young men engage other young men in a wrestling match in order to show their supremacy over them. The young men who are willing to compete in the wrestling will come out in the middle of the square where they will be commanded to show their strength. The wrestler that first falls the opponent on the ground automatically wins the match and he is rewarded handsomely. The winner of the wrestling match command high degree of respect among his peers and also among women. Spectators hang around the square, charting songs to cheer the wrestler they like up to victory.
* The Durbar Festival dates back hundreds of years to the time when the Emirate (state) in the North used horses in warfare. During this period, each town, district, and nobility household was expected to contribute a regiment to the defence of the Emirate. Once or twice a year, the Emirate military chiefs invite the various clans in the community for the festival.
Eat
Hoce is a round foodstuff made of maize, millet and many other ingredients. It can be found in local markets or villages.
Drink
If you are in Zamfara and you are looking for a bar joint to chill and have a few drinks, you might want to rethink again because consumption of alcohol of all sorts is frowned and prohibited. Any one that defaults by consuming alcohol stand the risk of being flogged publicly.
Stay safe
Although there are civil disturbances within the state at intervals, the crime rate in Zamfara is relatively low. This is because of the strict sharia law which makes people to refrain from dubious activities such as stealing, murder and other nefarious offences and this makes Zamfara a safe place for visitors and tourist to stay in.
Connect
Just like most states in Nigeria, visitors would most likely find a reliable coverage of the 2G/3G mobile networks in zamfara but reliable network coverage of the 4G network might be somehow limited. Signal strength might diminish further away from cities' centers, and you might occasionally experience a network outage for all or some of the mobile phone service providers in some remote areas in the region. Different networks tend to be more stable and reliable in different locations of the region at different times.
GLO, Airtel (Zain), MTN and 9Mobile (formerly Etisalat) are all available service providers in the state. Therefore, if you are planning a visit to Zamfara, you should endeavour to come with more than one phones or a phone that has multiple SIM card ports, since you can't tell which will be more stable and reliable at a time in your location during your visit. And if you will risk not having any of them, you might be better off not risking the MTN network, because, from indications, MTN perform better than the others and it's rates may be high and its offers and services might be stringent, but you are less likely to be concerned of erratic voice and data connection compared to other networks.
Go next
From Zamfara, you can go to other states and countries like:
* Niger
* Kaduna
* Katsina
* Sokoto
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WIKI
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Philips Posts Q2 Loss, Updates FY22 View; Stock Down
(RTTNews) - Shares of Philips Electronics NV were losing more than 10 percent in the morning trading in Amsterdam as well as in pre-market activity on NYSE after the Dutch consumer electronics giant reported Monday a loss in its second quarter, compared to a profit last year, hurt by weak sales.
Looking ahead, the company said it expects to resume growth from the third quarter onwards, with comparable sales growth and improved profitability in the second half of the year.
Further, Philips revised fiscal 2022 outlook to 1 percent-3 percent comparable sales growth and around 10 percent Adjusted EBITA margin, driven by 6-9 percent comparable sales growth in the second half of 2022. The company's previous sales growth view was from 3 percent to 5 percent.
For the 2023-2025 period, Philips now expects to deliver comparable sales growth of 4 percent to 6 percent and an Adjusted EBITA margin of 14-15 percent, with further improvement thereafter.
Frans van Houten, CEO, said, "Looking ahead to 2023 and beyond, while we continue to see risks and a challenging macro-environment, we expect our supply chain measures to take full effect, resulting in a significant improvement in the conversion of our order book to revenue. Our pricing and increased productivity measures will expand margins."
For the second quarter, net loss attributable to shareholders was 22 million euros or 0.02 euros per share, compared to prior year's net income of 150 million euros or 0.16 euros per share.
Loss from continuing operations was 24 million euros or 0.03 euro per share, compared to income of 65 million euros or 0.07 euro a year ago.
Adjusted income from continuing operations attributable to shareholders was 130 million euros or 0.14 euros per share, compared to 366 million euros or 0.40 euros per share last year.
Income from operations amounted to 11 million euros, down from 85 million euros a year ago.
Adjusted EBITA was 216 million euros, or 5.2 percent of sales, compared to 532 million euros, or 12.6 percent of sales, in the prior year. Adjusted EBITDA was 461 million euros or 11 percent of sales, down from last year's 762 million euros or 18 percent of sales.
Sales for the second quarter declined 1 percent to 4.18 billion euros from 4.23 billion euros in the prior year.
Sales in mature geographies grew 4 percent with strong growth in North America, despite weakness in Western Europe. Sales in growth geographies declined 13 percent.
Comparable sales for the latest quarter declined 7 percent, mainly caused by continued supply shortages and prolonged lockdowns in China, as well as inflationary pressures and the Russia-Ukraine war. Comparable sales in China declined almost 30 percent in the quarter.
In the second quarter, comparable order intake increased 1 percent and includes a 5 percentage-points negative impact related to China.
In Amsterdam, Philips shares were trading at 19.41 euros, down 10.8 percent.
In pre-market activity on the NYSE, Philips shares were trading at $19.86, down 10.3 percent.
For more earnings news, earnings calendar, and earnings for stocks, visit rttnews.com
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Two GOP senators have new plan to repeal Obamacare as clock ticks
Here we go again. A new plan to repeal and replace major parts of Obamacare is set to be unveiled by two Republican senators, who face a looming deadline and a less-enthused President Donald Trump as they try to get that plan passed into law. NBC News reported Monday that it had obtained a 23-page summary draft of the bill to be proposed by Lindsey Graham of South Carolina and Bill Cassidy of Louisiana. Among other things, the bill would allocate federal dollars to individual states to craft their own health-care systems as they see fit, instead of being compelled to follow Obamacare rules and regulations for health plans. The Graham-Cassidy bill also would try to resolve a major sticking point about Medicaid funding that had led some GOP senators to oppose earlier repeal bills, dooming them to failure this summer. Graham and Cassidy do not have a lot of time to win approval of their bill. Senate Republicans have been trying to use a procedural mechanism known as budget reconciliation to pass a repeal-and-replace bill for the Affordable Care Act. That method would allow the bill to be passed by just 51 votes, as opposed to the 60 votes that would normally be required, and which in any case would be impossible to achieve in the face of universal Democratic opposition to repeal. However, on Sept. 1, the Senate Parliamentarian ruled that the budget reconciliation resolution that Republicans were using to win passage of an Obamacare repeal will expire Sept. 30. Despite holding a 52-seat majority in the Senate — and a potentially tie-breaking vote from Vice President Mike Pence — the GOP caucus to date has failed to cobble together enough votes to pass a repeal bill. NBC News noted that the Graham-Cassidy package would seek to achieve parity in federal funding among states that expanded their Medicaid programs under Obamacare, and those that did not. While that may please several senators from expansion states who opposed earlier bills because they would cut funds granted such states, there is no guarantee they would then be enticed into voting for the Graham-Cassidy bill. And the bill, because of its component parts, is likely to receive the same kind of analysis from the Congressional Budget Office that prior repeal bills did. Those bills were projected to lead to 22 million more uninsured Americans by 2026. As a result, the bills were broadly unpopular with the public and many interest groups. Trump, who had loudly advocated for Obamacare repeal, several days ago appeared to suggest on Twitter that the repeal effort was dead, and that Republicans in Congress should not imperil his proposal for tax reform by spending any more time on repeal. The new bill would repeal, retroactively to 2016, the financial penalty on individuals for failing to have some kind of health insurance coverage, and also repeals retroactively to that same year the penalty on large employers for failing to offer affordable health coverage to workers. It also would allow states to repeal Obamacare rules that, among other things, currently bar insurers from charging people with pre-existing health conditions higher premiums than the rates charged healthy people.
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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-- Singapore Airlines Profit Falls 54% as Cargo Loss Triples
Singapore Airlines Ltd. (SIA) posted a
worse-than-estimated 54 percent drop in quarterly profit after
losses at its cargo unit tripled. Net income fell to S$90.1 million ($74 million) in the
three months ended September from S$194.2 million a year earlier,
the airline said in a statement yesterday. Analysts expected a
profit of S$141 million, based on the average of five estimates
compiled by Bloomberg. Revenue rose 2.5 percent to S$3.8 billion. Losses at the cargo unit jumped to S$50 million amid a
global trade slowdown and rising competition from Middle East
carriers. The airline, the world’s second-largest by market
value, said it will further reduce cargo capacity by parking one
of its 13 Boeing Co. 747 freighters for more than a year. “There’s very weak demand, and it’s very difficult to
change that,” said K. Ajith, an analyst at UOB-Kay Hian
Research Ltd. in Singapore . “SIA is doing the right thing by
cutting cargo capacity.” UOB-Kay Hian had expected the cargo unit to post a S$37
million loss for the quarter, he said. Operating profit at the main airline unit fell 5.6 percent
to S$84 million in the second quarter. The engineering
division’s earnings fell 5.9 to S$32 million, while regional
carrier SilkAir boosted operating profit 46 percent to S$19
million. The figures were derived by subtracting first-quarter
earnings from the first-half results. Dividend Cut The airline cut its interim dividend to 6 Singaporean cents
from 10 Singaporean cents a year earlier. The 747 freighter will
be parked from January until May 2014, according to a separate
statement. The move follows cuts in long-haul freighter flights
earlier this year. “The air-cargo market remains badly depressed and the
near-term outlook continues to be challenging,” SIA Cargo
President Tan Kai Ping said in the statement. “Freight rates
have declined to a level where certain flights are no longer
viable.” Global cargo volumes fell 0.6 percent in September from
August, according to the International Air Transport Association .
Freight load factors were 45.6 percent in the period. Singapore Air rose 0.7 percent to S$10.58 in the city-state
yesterday before the release of its results. It’s risen 4.1
percent this year, trailing a 15 percent gain for the benchmark
Straits Times index. Lower Fares Passenger yield, a measure of average fares, at the main
airline unit dropped 2.6 percent in the quarter as the carrier
lowered ticket prices to lure travelers. Passenger numbers rose
5.1 percent to 4.5 million. The carrier filled 79.8 percent of
seats, matching its break-even load factor . “Passenger traffic is slowly growing but yield is under
pressure,” said Andrew Orchard, an analyst at CIMB Securities
Ltd. in Hong Kong . “For the big legacy carriers, that’s still
the issue.” Singapore Airlines this week agreed to buy a 10 percent
stake in Virgin Australia Holdings Ltd. (VAH) for A$105 million ($109
million). The company is facing rising competition on Australia-
Europe routes from fast-growing Gulf airlines led by Emirates.
Singapore Air also this year formed long-haul budget unit Scoot. The carrier said Oct. 24 it would end the world’s longest
non-stop flights, from Singapore to Newark , New Jersey , and Los
Angeles . It announced plans to buy 25 Airbus SAS aircraft worth
about $7.5 billion at list prices to replace less fuel-efficient
models the same day. Separately, Japan Airlines Co. yesterday raised its full-
year profit forecast 7.7 percent as cost-cutting efforts help it
weather a slowdown on China routes caused by a territorial
dispute. The carrier expects to make a profit of 140 billion yen
in the year ending March, compared with an earlier forecast of
130 billion yen. To contact the reporters on this story:
Kyunghee Park in Singapore at
kpark3@bloomberg.net ;
David Fickling in Sydney at
dfickling@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Neil Denslow at
ndenslow@bloomberg.net
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Gastrointestinal Reflux (GERD) 2019-12-18T18:34:11-05:00
GERD
Gastrointestinal Reflux Disease (GERD), or heartburn, as you are probably more familiar with it, is characterized by stomach acid flowing back into the tube that connects your mouth and stomach. This tube, your esophagus, is coated in a thin lining that is irritated by this backwash of acid which is the source of your discomfort. Acid reflux, while unpleasant, is fairly common and harmless when experienced infrequently. However, those with chronic heartburn or GERD will experience their symptoms at least once a week with more severe cases causing daily discomfort.
If your discomfort is frequent and upsetting your enjoyment of life, it may be time to address it. If left unaddressed, that burning feeling in your chest or neck can lead to difficulty swallowing, breathing problems, and or a chronic cough.
What Causes GERD?
The uncomfortable feeling you get when you are experiencing heartburn in your chest or neck is caused when the contents from your stomach move from where they belong in your stomach up into your esophagus. Your esophagus is equipped to handle this with what is called the lower esophageal sphincter or (LES). This is a ring of muscles near the end of your esophagus that opens and closes when you chew and swallow by relaxing and then tightening again. Normally, these muscles are what keeps the digestive acids and juices within your stomach from seeping into your esophagus. When the stomach has difficulty passing its contents on to the small intestine and the contents become “backed up” is when you will experience discomfort.
What Can Be Done?
Fortunately, symptoms of GERD and heartburn can be treated by simple lifestyle changes in most cases. Like most things, we must first take a look at your eating habits and other behaviors that could be causing your unwellness. Factors like your diet or your stress level could be the culprit. Try introducing foods that are low in fat or sugar, are anti-inflammatory, or will otherwise lower or neutralize the excess acid and reduce your symptoms. These include vegetables, ginger, oatmeal, healthy fats like egg whites, avocados, walnuts and olive oil.
Likewise, it will help to avoid foods that may cause an excess of acid in your stomach like tomatoes and citrus fruits. This is also common with garlic and spicy foods, mint, and excess caffeine. Many will find that foods that are high in fat or fried will cause the LES to relax and allow stomach acid to rise up into their esophagus. Naturally, each person will have their own individual triggers and will need to discover what causes and irritates their GERD symptoms.
In the picture of your overall health, your stress levels can also not be overlooked. The physical effects that your stress levels and anxiety can play on your body are no secret, and GERD symptoms are no exception. High-stress levels can have an overall effect of decreasing the capacity of the digestive system to process a meal and create a condition that can be understood as stagnation – or a slowing down the whole process and thus a backing-up of stomach contents. Keeping these in check with stress management techniques like meditation and regular exercise can help you to keep a better overall picture of health free from heartburn and GERD.
Outside of these causes and remedies, more severe cases may require more attention. Our team of professionals is here to support you in creating a healthier lifestyle for your gut health and managing your gut symptoms with our holistic GERD treatment. Work with experts in functional medicine, nutrition, and stress resilience to create an individualized wellness plan for your health. We seek to not only address your acid reflux symptoms but to understand the root causes of why you are having those symptoms in the first place. After addressing these issues at their roots, we will work to create a wellness plan by building the skills and habits you need to manage your symptoms and to lead a healthy and active lifestyle. Contact our office for a no-charge welcome call with either our Health Coach Kathleen, or Nate, our nutritionist and dietitian, to learn more about our holistic acid reflux treatment.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Abdulquawiy Abdulganiyu Olododo
The result was Withdrawn__EXPECTED_UNCONNECTED_PAGE__. (non-admin closure) Reading Beans 10:16, 5 May 2024 (UTC)
Abdulquawiy Abdulganiyu Olododo
* – ( View AfD View log | edits since nomination)
Fails WP:NPOL obviously and WP:GNG. Current sources are either PRs or passing mentions. Nothing gives WP:SIGCOV. Non-notable politician or "serial entrepreneur". Vanderwaalforces (talk) 16:46, 2 May 2024 (UTC)
* Note: This discussion has been included in the deletion sorting lists for the following topics: People, Businesspeople, Politicians, and Nigeria. Vanderwaalforces (talk) 16:47, 2 May 2024 (UTC)
* Delete: An article of an entrepreneur that doesn't meet GNG. The sources is not anyway SIGCOV. I don't want to talk about WP:NPOL, it doesn't make sense repeating known WP:MILL. Safari Scribe Edits! Talk! 14:57, 3 May 2024 (UTC)
* Keep — Per WP:POLOUTCOMES - Elected and appointed political figures at the national cabinet level are generally regarded as notable, as are usually those at the major sub-national level (US state, Canadian province, etc.) in countries where executive and/or legislative power is devolved to bodies at that level. See WP:POLITICIAN and WP:NSUBPOL. See previous consensus at Articles for deletion/Mohammed Sani Idriss and Articles for deletion/Kulu Abdullahi Sifawa to mention a few. Shoerack (talk) 15:32, 3 May 2024 (UTC)
* @Shoerack, I agree with you here but NSUBPOL, etc are just secondary criteria. I can't find any reasonable source of meeting GNG. Safari Scribe Edits! Talk! 19:01, 4 May 2024 (UTC)
* Ok, I'do see some sources! Safari Scribe Edits! Talk! 19:05, 4 May 2024 (UTC)
* Keep: If I can now find reasonable source to say this article is a commissioner of Nigeria, then, he is notable. Thanks Shoerack for bringing this. However, will need clean up to remove unreliable source. Safari Scribe Edits! Talk! 19:08, 4 May 2024 (UTC)
* Keep: After critical look at this, looks notable based on NPOL, but would require cleanup for deceptive language like supervising commissioner which does not exist in Nigeria. I’d withdraw this one. Vanderwaalforces (talk) 09:51, 5 May 2024 (UTC)
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WIKI
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Using organ-on-chip related approaches for immune cell migration research
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Date
2021-02
Authors
Ren, Xiaoou
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Abstract
Immune cell migration plays an essential role in immune surveillance and homeostasis maintenance. Misguided migratory responses of immune cells contribute to various pathological issues. Understand ing the mechanisms of immune cell migration is crucial and its investigation requires a suitable approach. Although various methods for cell migration study have been established, most of them lacking configuration of the complex microenvironment in vitro which makes the development of a suitable approach of vital importance. Organ-on-chip (OoC) approach can provide a better platform due to its ability to simulate the key features of certain tissues or organs. In this thesis, we developed different OoC related approaches to study disease-oriented immune cell migration. Specifically, we employed clinical samples in microfluidic device to simulate the microenvironment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and demonstrated the usage of this approach to quantitatively investigate the complex migratory responses of T cells in COPD. Our results showed an inhibitory effect of the COPD sputum on T cell motility and chemotaxis, which may suggest a possible stopping mechanism to facilitate T cell accumulati on in the airway in COPD. We also mimicked the tumor microenvironment in vitro using primary murine natural killer (NK) cells and mouse tumor cell line (i.e., 4T1) in our microfluidic device, and demonstrated it as a proof of principle approach to study di rectional NK cell migration and NK cancer cell interactions in real-time. Furthermore, we developed a mimicked skin-on-chip (SoC) model that configured the key features of human skin and relevant chemical fields during cutaneous inflammation, and demonstrated its feasibility as a versatile tool for investigating T cell migration and screening potential drugs for targeting chemotactic signaling. Collectively, studies in this thesis bridge organ-specific applications with disease-oriented immune cell migration, and advance our knowledge on the complex roles of immune cell migration in specific disease conditions (i.e., COPD, cancer, skin inflammation), which provide a new conceptual and technological direction for immune cell migration research and contribute to the related research communities.
Description
Keywords
Immune cell migration, Microfluidics, Organ-on-chip approach, Microenvironment, Drug screening
Citation
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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How to style gtk4 rust widgets?
Hi Team,
How do I style the Gtk widgets such as button? I’m aware that gtk supports CSS but I want to do it using rust.
Say for example I create a button as below. How do I add additional styling such as background-color, padding etc,.
let button = Button::builder()
.label("Press me!")
.margin_top(12)
.margin_bottom(12)
.margin_start(12)
.margin_end(12)
.build();
Thanks,
Arun
You add CSS classes using the ButtonBuilder.css_classes() method.
The CSS classes are loaded by a CSSProvider.
Is it not possible to add other css styling like we add margin_top, margin_bottom using rust methods?
Those are not CSS properties: the margin set using the Widget API is applied regardless of the style.
I assume you want to do something similar to the DOM API where you can set inline styles on an HTML element, this is not currently possible although someone could probably come up with a way to emulate it using Widget::set_name and CssProvider.
This topic was automatically closed 30 days after the last reply. New replies are no longer allowed.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Helena Regional Airport
Helena Regional Airport is a public airport two miles northeast of Helena, in Lewis and Clark County, Montana, United States. It is owned by the Helena Regional Airport Authority.
The National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015 categorized it as a primary commercial service airport (more than 10,000 enplanements per year). Federal Aviation Administration records say the airport had 82,673 passenger boardings (enplanements) in calendar year 2022, 82,673 in 2022.
Facilities
Helena Regional Airport covers 1,224 acres (495 ha) at an elevation of 3,877 feet (1,182 m). It has three asphalt runways: 9/27 is 9,000 by 150 feet (2,743 x 46 m); 5/23 is 4,644 by 75 feet (1,415 x 23 m); 16/34 is 2,989 by 75 feet (911 x 23 m).
In 2013 the airport had 38,877 aircraft operations, average 106 per day: 68% general aviation, 14% military, 14% air taxi, and 4% airline. 137 aircraft were then based at the airport: 74% single-engine, 14% multi-engine, 2% jet, 3% helicopter, 2% ultralight, and 5% military.
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WIKI
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Demetrio Albertini
Demetrio Albertini (born 23 August 1971) is the sporting director of Parma and a former professional Italian football midfielder and vice-president of the Italian Football Federation (FIGC). He is widely considered one of the legends of the AC Milan side of the 90s and a fundamental player for the Italy national team of the same period. He spent most of his career with Milan of Italy's Serie A, winning many trophies, including five Serie A titles and two UEFA Champions League titles with the club. He also played his final season for Barcelona, winning the Spanish League before retiring that year.
A vital member of the Italy national team, Albertini was part of the squads that competed at the World Cups of 1994 and 1998, as well as the 1996 and 2000 European Championships, reaching the finals of the 1994 World Cup and Euro 2000.
Club career
Albertini, born in Besana in Brianza, province of Monza e Brianza near Milan, emerged as a product of A.C. Milan's youth system, and went on to spend 14 highly successful years with the senior club after debuting in Serie A as a 17-year-old during the 1988–89 season under Arrigo Sacchi, on 15 January 1989, in a 4–0 home win over Como. He spent part of the 1990–91 season on loan at Padova Calcio in Serie B, collecting 28 appearances and 5 goals, in order to gain experience, and was subsequently awarded a prize by Diadora as one of the most promising young Italian stars. After a successful season with Padova, he soon established himself in the starting lineup of the Milan senior side during the 1991–92 season under Fabio Capello, wearing the number 4 shirt, and helping Milan to win the title undefeated that season; he would go on to make almost 300 Serie A appearances for the club (293 in total, scoring 21 goals), and 406 total career appearances for Milan, scoring 28 goals in all competitions.
Albertini won many titles during his years at Milan, and claimed three successive Serie A titles in 1992, 1993 and 1994, and he also managed to capture two further scudetti in 1996 and 1999. In addition, he made 41 Champions League appearances, helping the Rossoneri to reach three consecutive finals between 1993 and 1995, lifting the trophy in 1994. He also won two UEFA Super Cups, three Italian Super Cups, and an Intercontinental Cup during his time at the club. Albertini remained at Milan until 2002, when his manager and former mentor Carlo Ancelotti preferred to play the emerging Andrea Pirlo in his position. During his time at the club, he managed 28 goals in 406 appearances; he also scored a personal record of 8 goals during the 1996–97 season.
After leaving Milan, Albertini bounced around different teams. He spent the 2002–03 season on loan to Atlético Madrid, scoring 2 goals in 28 caps for the Spanish club. He was eventually traded to Lazio in exchange for Giuseppe Pancaro during the 2003–04 season, with great bitterness, where he finally won the Coppa Italia which had eluded him at Milan, scoring 2 goals in 23 appearances for the club. He started the 2004–05 season with Atalanta, playing 14 matches and scoring a goal on his debut, before transferring to FC Barcelona in January, where he joined his former midfield mentor, now manager Frank Rijkaard, and was able to capture La Liga during the final season of his career, with five appearances.
International career
For the Italy national team, Albertini has been capped 79 times between 1991 and 2002, scoring 3 goals. He made his debut on 21 December 1991, at the age of 20, in a 2–0 win against Cyprus in Foggia. In 1992, he competed with the national squad at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, and he won the 1992 UEFA European Under-21 Championship with the Italian Under-21 side. He played for his country at the 1994 and 1998 World Cups, Euro 96, and Euro 2000. Although he was still an Italy regular at the time, he was unable to participate in the 2002 World Cup due to an injury to his Achille's tendon a few months before the competition. His final international appearance came in a 2–1 away win over England in Leeds, in an international friendly match on the March 2002, with Albertini coming on during the second half. Albertini captained Italy on 6 occasions.
World Cup 1994
Albertini's first major tournament for Italy came at the 1994 FIFA World Cup in USA, under manager Arrigo Sacchi. Alongside Milan teammate Roberto Donadoni, as well as Dino Baggio, Albertini formed the "engine room" of the Italian midfield throughout the World Cup. In the last group game against Mexico, Albertini assisted a crucial goal for Daniele Massaro, which allowed Italy to qualify for the second round as the best third placed team. In the semifinal against Bulgaria, Albertini gave a dominant performance, taking several shots on goal and even hitting the post. Albertini also created several chances during the match, dictating the tempo of his team's play; he notably helped to set up Roberto Baggio's second goal of the match, with a lobbed throughball, which allowed Italy to progress to the final with a 2–1 victory. In the final against Brazil, a balanced, scoreless game after extra-time led to a penalty shoot-out; Albertini scored his penalty, but his effort did not prove to be sufficient, as his teammates Franco Baresi, Daniele Massaro, and Roberto Baggio missed their penalties.
Euro 1996
Italy went to the European championship in England and many saw Sacchi's team as the key contender for the title along with Germany, and saw Albertini as Italy's key player, wearing the number 10 shirt. However, the tournament ended in frustration for the Italians, as they suffered a first-round elimination. Arrigo Sacchi's team selection for the second group game against Czech Republic was based on the presumption that, after the opening 2–1 victory over Russia and in the light of the upcoming clash with Germany, Italy could afford playing without a series of key players. Italy lost 2–1 to the eventual runners-up Czech Republic, however, and then were knocked out of the tournament following a 0–0 draw with future champions Germany in their final group game, a match the "Azurri" dominated thanks to Albertini's presence in midfield, with Gianfranco Zola missing a potentially match-winning penalty. Sacchi in one of his interviews admitted the early departure was due to his mistakes and the 1996 squad was his best Italy team, even better than the one that got the second place in USA 1994.
World Cup 1998
Albertini played a key role in helping Italy to qualify for the 1998 World Cup: during the first leg of the 1998 World Cup qualification play-off against Russia, in Moscow, on 29 October 1997, he set up Christian Vieri's goal in a 1–1 draw; he also set up Pierluigi Casiraghi's goal in the second leg in Naples, which allowed Italy to qualify for the World Cup 2–1 on aggregate.
At the 1998 World Cup, Albertini's presence was not as central or explicit as it was in the previous major tournaments, but Cesare Maldini relied on him as one of the team's key central midfielders and creative players. Out of the games that Italy played in France, Albertini was not involved only when Italy faced Austria in the final match of the group stage. In the quarter-final clash, a Zidane-led France managed to overcome the masters of insurmountable defence only on penalties, during which Albertini's surprising failure did induce the tides to turn against la "Squadra Azzurra". Ironically, the midfielder could have been the creator of Italy's golden goal; during extra-time, his superb delivery into the area to Roberto Baggio, from a lobbed pass, left the latter alone in front of French keeper Fabien Barthez, but the volley went just inches wide. Having won the most difficult match of the tournament, France went on to claim the nation's first World Cup title on home soil.
Euro 2000
In Dino Zoff's formation at Euro 2000, Albertini was the unquestionable leader of Italy's midfield, starting alongside Di Biagio, behind either Stefano Fiore or Francesco Totti. His pace-setting and creative role in creating chances and controlling the Italian midfield was paramount to Italy's successful run in the tournament, as he provided two assists for his team (one for Totti's goal against Belgium, and the other for Inzaghi's goal against Romania), finishing the tournament as his country's top creator, although the Italians ultimately missed out on the trophy. The azzurri progressed to the final undefeated, winning all three of their group matches against Turkey, co-hosts Belgium, and Sweden. Italy went on to defeat Romania 2–0 in the quarterfinal, and overcame co-hosts the Netherlands in the semi-final on penalties after a 0–0 draw following extra time. Italy eventually lost out once again to the 1998 World Champions France 2–1 in the final, on a golden goal in extra-time. Albertini was chosen to be part of the Team of the Tournament due to his performances throughout the Cup.
Missed World Cup 2002 and retirement
Despite being a key part of Giovanni Trapattoni's Italy squad, Albertini missed the 2002 World Cup due to an injury sustained on 14 April 2002, less than two months before the tournament, in the away Serie A game for Milan against Juventus, effectively putting an end to his international career at the age of 30. Coincidentally, this game also turned out to be his last for AC Milan as well.
After retirement
On 5 December 2005, Albertini announced his retirement from professional football and expressed his desire to one day become a full-time football manager. On 15 March 2006, a Milan vs Barcelona celebration match was organised in Albertini's honour, featuring great footballing names from both past and present (such as Marco van Basten, Ruud Gullit, Frank Rijkaard, and Franco Baresi). Milan won the match 3–2 at the San Siro, with Albertini scoring the first goal from a textbook swerving free kick. Following the match, a visibly emotional Albertini was given a standing ovation from the fans.
In 2006, Albertini was involved in a project to create a Footballing Academy in his name, “Scuola calcio Demetrio Albertini", in Selvino (Bg), which took place in Milan and Lecchese, involving over 1000 young players.
Sporting director with FIGC
On 18 May 2006, following the Italian football Calciopoli scandal involving Juventus and Luciano Moggi, among others, which led to the resignation of Franco Carraro from the Italian Football Federation presidency and the appointment of a temporary commissioner, Guido Rossi, by the National Olympic Committee, Albertini was named vice-commissioner of the Italian Football Federation (FIGC).
On 19 September, following the resignation of Rossi, who was in the meanwhile appointed as chairman of Telecom Italia, Albertini also announced his resignation. He was later appointed vice-president of the FIGC in 2007, under Giancarlo Abete, and was re-elected in 2013.
On 27 July 2014, Albertini nominated himself for the position of the president of the FIGC, but ultimately lost controversially to his former co-vice-president Carlo Tavecchio on 11 August, despite having the support of the A.I.C. (the Italian Footballers' Association).
Parma board member
Following the bankruptcy of Parma F.C., Demetrio Albertini was appointed to the club's board as a football advisor for the club’s administrators.
Researcher for Football Manager
Albertini is a researcher for Football Manager, the football management simulation game franchise.
Style of play
Albertini was a complete, experienced and composed midfielder, who was gifted with stamina, power, technique, and class, which allowed him to be regarded as one of the best midfielders of his generation. His key strengths as a player were his mentality, his excellent vision, tactical knowledge, ability to read the game, and ball control, but above all, his brilliant passing range, which made him a key member of the Milan and the Italy national sides of the 90s and early 2000s; he was also known for his powerful and accurate shots from distance, which also enabled him to contribute to his team's offensive play with goals as well as assists. Few players were able to replicate Albertini's precise long passing and powerful distance shooting adeptness, and many have likened his abilities in these areas to those of Ronald Koeman. Albertini was also an accurate penalty kick and set piece taker, who could curl the ball well, but also kick with power, and was known for often striking the ball without a run-up during dead ball situations. Although he was fundamentally a hardworking, intelligent, and creative central midfielder or deep-lying playmaker with excellent technical ability, he was able to complete himself tactically and improve upon the defensive and offensive aspect of his game play throughout his career, demonstrating his adeptness as a ball-winner; his wide range of skills made him a versatile player, allowed him to play in several other midfield positions, including out on the wing, due to his crossing ability.
In the Milan side and Italy side, he was seen as the heir to Carlo Ancelotti, and later also as the predecessor to Andrea Pirlo as the playmaking pivot of the teams' midfield, due to his ability to create goalscoring opportunities or control the game in midfield and set the tempo of his team's play with his distribution, and he was often regarded as the "creative brain" and "metronome" of his teams. Many football experts draw parallels between Albertini and Pirlo, the midfield ace of European and world football, who emerged as his heir in Italian football, both for Milan and for the Italy national side. Like Albertini, Pirlo is a deep-lying playmaker who also possesses excellent technique, ball skills, vision and passing range, and who is also a set-piece specialist and a goal threat from distance. In addition his footballing skills, Albertini was also known for his correct behaviour on the pitch, and was seen as a symbol and leader for both his club and national sides.
Personal life
Albertini is a practising Roman Catholic. He married to Uriana Capone in 1996 in Oria, Italy. He has a son named Guillermo who is born in Den Bosch, Holland.
Club
*European competitions include the UEFA Champions League, UEFA Cup, and UEFA Super Cup
Club
AC Milan
* Serie A: 1991–92, 1992–93, 1993–94, 1995–96, 1998–99
* Supercoppa Italiana: 1992, 1993, 1994
* UEFA Champions League: 1993–94
* UEFA Super Cup: 1989, 1994
Lazio
* Coppa Italia: 2003–04
Barcelona
* La Liga: 2004–05
International
Italy
* UEFA European Under-21 Championship: 1992
* FIFA World Cup runner-up: 1994
* UEFA European Championship runner-up: 2000
Individual
* UEFA European Championship Team of the Tournament: 2000
* A.C. Milan Hall of Fame
Orders
* ITA OMRI 2001 Uff BAR.svg 4th Class / Officer: Ufficiale Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana: 2006
* Cavaliere OMRI BAR.svg 5th Class / Knight: Cavaliere Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana: 2000
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WIKI
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Through his underground connections, he arranged for false papers in the name of Monsieur Durenne (inspired by his mother’s name). On August 1, 1942, taking advantage of the relaxed guard, he slipped away unnoticed. Knowing the region well, and with many friends and contacts, he found shelter in convents and monasteries, travelling by foot through forest tracks towards Free France.
As he expected, a massive manhunt was launched immediately to track him down in the Rhineland, throughout Alsace and Lorraine, and in occupied France. A reward of 100,000 Reichsmarks was offered for his arrest.
Thirteen days, seven hundred kilometres and several narrow escapes later, ‘Cordonnier‘ safely crossed the demarcation line into Free France at Montmorillon, east of Poitiers.
He pressed on to Ligugé, just south of Poitiers, to call on the abbot of St Martin’s, Dom Basset, to deliver his shocking message of the systematic destruction of the Jews.
Dom Basset recorded the conversation himself as follows: There are no more Jews in the Ukraine. Men, women and children have been separated and taken. Men and women have been transported to concentration camps. Often they are sent with hardly any water and without food. They are left to die of starvation and cold. They are often made to dig huge trenches and they are then shot in front of them. They are set on fire with petrol, then covered in lime and earth. The Polish Jews are often destroyed by such radical methods. They are transported, separating father, mothers and children. When the German populations are transported, the families are transferred. The same goes also for those from Alsace-Lorraine. But they had to leave without taking practically anything with them, leaving their country, and finding themselves in very difficult conditions.
Basset was probably the first person in the free world to hear news about the holocaust from a reliable source. As suggested, Schuman may have gleaned some of this information directly from high Nazi officials.
Schuman moved on to Vichy. He felt a duty to tell Pétain himself what he knew, whether or not he would listen. Pétain had wanted Schuman to serve in his government and Schuman had refused. Would Pétain be prepared to listen to him now? Even if he would not, the Allied powers had set up embassies at Vichy after the move south from Paris and they needed to hear.
It took Schuman all his persuasive powers to penetrate the inner circles protecting Pétain. At last he was able to catch him at a dinner for a few minutes and report about the destruction of Jews.
Pétain remained stoney-faced and unmoved. After all, among his first decrees the marshall himself had excluded Jews from government, and from the liberal professions such as medicine and law.
Among the public, however, news of Schuman’s escape created great excitement, especially for the refugees from Alsace-Lorraine. Schuman addressed public meetings attended by up to 1500. He had news that was ‘grave, full of hope, deep and spiritual’. His message that Allied victory was just a matter of time boosted morale greatly. Germany was certain to lose the war, he told attentive crowds in Lyon and other centres. His listeners heard how that his imprisonment had enabled him to investigate Germany’s enormous losses on the eastern front, and gather specific numbers and details. The war was not sustainable. Sooner or later, Germany would have to capitulate.
He also described the Nazi enslavement of Germans as well as other peoples. Yet records of these meetings are not clear how much if anything Schuman said publically about the Jewish extermination.
He met up with many old colleagues and trusted friends, and most certainly would have shared with them what he had told Dom Basset, a virtual stranger.
Schuman had made his escape none too soon. The comparative freedom of the Vichy territory was to be short-lived, for within weeks the Germans invaded the unoccupied rump of France. Now the SS were free to search more intensively.
De Gaulle (a fellow undersecretary in the Reynaud government) invited Schuman to join him in the government-in-exile in London. Instead, he elected to stay in France, secluded in the orphange of La Providence de Beaupont in Bourg-en-Bresse. Yet his enforced withdrawal from public life gave him opportunity to reflect, research and plan for the reconstruction of Europe once the expected end arrived.
Director Schuman Centre
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FINEWEB-EDU
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Short Bull, Chief of Brule Lakota, Sioux tribe.
Short Bull (Short Bison Bull), Indian name Tatanka Ptechela, (b. c. 1845 on the Niobrara River in Nebraska; d. c. 1915 on the Pine Ridge Reservation in South Dakota) was a Brulé (Oglala) Lakota Sioux medicine man who was one of the most prominent leaders in the 1890s Ghost Dance Movement.
He gave several oral accounts of this last freedom struggle of his people, which ended in bloodshed at Wounded Knee in December 1890, which were written down by various (white) people and published in books and journals.
To this end, he created numerous pictures in which he dealt with his life and his experience of the world; a number of songs have also come down to us from him. – Short Bull, who was highly creative and visionary, conveyed something of great art to the world.
In an area somewhere along the Niobrara River, Short Bull is said to have been born. He fought as a young warrior against the Pawnee and Crow, the traditional enemies of the Sioux, and took part in the wars of the Plains Indians against the advance of the US Americans in the 1860s and 1870s.
At the Battle of Little Bighorn in June 1876, he is said to have been among the warriors of Chief Gall’s Hunkpapa who repelled the attack of Major Reno’s soldiers and put them to flight.
This success played no small part in deciding the victory, for afterwards strong Indian forces were released to turn against Custer, and so it is quite possible that Short Bull also took part in this battle. After Little Bighorn, the Sioux tribes were forced to live on reservations within a few months.
Short Bull lived on the Great Sioux Reservation from 1877 to about 1889. When the Sun Dance was banned there, he left the reservation in 1879 with a group of his followers to join Sitting Bull in Canada, but was intercepted just before the Canadian border and brought back to the reservation.
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Beijing's new top man in Hong Kong hopes city returns to 'right path'
HONG KONG (Reuters) - The new head of China’s liaison office in Hong Kong, who was unexpectedly announced at the weekend, said on Monday he hoped the Asian financial hub, roiled by more than six months of anti-government protests, would return to “the right path.” Luo Huining’s appointment is seen as a sign of Beijing’s frustration with how his predecessor, Wang Zhimin, handled the crisis and makes Wang the shortest serving liaison office director since the city’s 1997 return to Chinese rule. The liaison office, which reports to China’s State Council or cabinet, is a platform for Beijing to project its influence in the city. In November, Reuters reported exclusively that Beijing was considering replacements for Wang, who had come under criticism for failing to foresee the public reaction to a now-withdrawn extradition bill or adequately report upwards on the sentiment on the ground. Unlike Wang, who worked at China’s state news agency and within the liaison office before taking its helm, Luo has no prior experience in Hong Kong, a point he was keen to address in his first remarks to the media after taking office. “I worked in the mainland in the past, but I am not unfamiliar with Hong Kong,” Luo, now the most senior mainland official based in the territory, told reporters in a brief statement, without taking any questions. “Hong Kong is the pearl of the orient, an international metropolis. Hong Kong compatriots have made important contributions to the reform and opening up and modernization of our country. The motherland will always be Hong Kong’s strongest backer.” “In the past half a year, the Hong Kong situation has been worrying. Everyone eagerly hopes Hong Kong can return to the right path,” Luo said. A loyalist of President Xi Jinping, Luo is known for enforcing Communist Party discipline. His appointment comes less than a month after he was given a different job, in the Financial and Economic Affairs Committee of the national legislature. Until November, Luo was the top official of China’s ruling Communist Party in the northern province of Shanxi, where he had been tasked with cleaning up a graft-ridden, coal-rich region where corruption was once likened to cancer. Before moving to Shanxi, Luo had been the top party official in the western province of Qinghai. Protests in Hong Kong escalated in June over a controversial bill that would have allowed criminal suspects to be sent for trial to the mainland, where justice is controlled by the Communist Party. They have since evolved into a broad pro-democracy movement, with anger growing over a perception that Beijing is meddling too much into Hong Kong, which was promised a high degree of autonomy upon Britain’s handover of the city. Hong Kong’s unrest is the biggest political challenge facing Xi since becoming president in 2012. China denies meddling and blames the West for fomenting unrest. Analysts have interpreted Luo’s appointment as a punishment for Wang, rather than a signal for a change in the central government’s attitude to the protests. “Clearly Wang is being dismissed given the Hong Kong chaos. He either didn’t see it coming nor could he stop or limit it, either way he is gone,” said Fraser Howie, Director of Newedge Financial in Singapore. “What can Luo do differently, the answer is nothing unless Xi Jinping allows some move on the political changes.” Luo said the “one country, two systems” type of governance that guarantees Hong Kong freedoms not available on the mainland was the city’s greatest advantage and that the basic law, the city’s mini-constitution, will be “fully implemented.” Additional reporting by Keith Zhai in SINGAPORE; Writing by Marius Zaharia; Editing by Clarence Fernandez and Michael Perry
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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User:Geb0541
Hi! I'm geb0541. I'm a student at a womens' college in New England. I studied abroad in Budapest, Hungary, my junior year. Often, I would search online for information about Hungary only to find that it didn't exist. That led me to want to add the information I know about Hungary to the English Wikipedia so others can learn about this amazing country.
My primary interests lie in Hungary (specifically Budapest), travel, mathematics, computer science, and gender studies. I hope to be able to add what I know to Wikipedia for these topics, as well as volunteer my time for copyediting!
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WIKI
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Trump campaign opening 15 community centers to reach black voters | TheHill
President TrumpDonald John TrumpTrump passes Pence a dangerous buck Overnight Health Care — Presented by American Health Care Association — Trump taps Pence to lead coronavirus response | Trump accuses Pelosi of trying to create panic | CDC confirms case of 'unknown' origin | Schumer wants .5 billion in emergency funds Trump nods at reputation as germaphobe during coronavirus briefing: 'I try to bail out as much as possible' after sneezes MORE’s reelection campaign will open 15 community centers in major cities across the country over the next few weeks as it ramps up outreach to black voters, who have long been the bedrock of the Democratic Party. The Hill viewed a prototype of one of the community centers inside the Trump campaign headquarters in Virginia. The community centers will be manned by volunteers passing out literature that describes how Trump’s policies have benefited African Americans. There will be hats and T-shirts that say “Woke” and “Black Voices for Trump.” Big screen televisions will roll footage of testimonials from Trump’s black supporters. The first wave of offices will open in Tallahassee, Jacksonville, Orlando, Tampa and Miami, Fla.; Atlanta; Detroit; Columbus and Cleveland, Ohio; Philadelphia; Pittsburgh; Charlotte, Raleigh and Greensboro, N.C.; and Milwaukee. The campaign hopes that doing basic retail politics and having a presence in those communities will provoke a sea change in the way black voters view Trump and the Republican Party. Campaign officials said the new investments are driven by internal polling that shows the president getting a fresh look from African Americans. They believe that a broader political realignment has produced an opportunity for Republicans to make a new case to black voters about why they should reconsider their loyalty to the Democratic Party. “You’re never going to get votes you don’t ask for,” said Jared KushnerJared Corey KushnerTrump campaign opening 15 community centers to reach black voters Trump declares US-India relationship 'stronger than ever before' Trumps tour Taj Mahal to cap off first day in India MORE, a senior adviser to the campaign. “Last time it was, 'What the hell do you have to lose?' Now you show them what they've gained from President Trump and what more they can gain if they get four more years of President Trump.” Exit polls showed Trump getting about 8 percent support among black voters in 2016. The president will not win more black votes than his eventual Democratic challenger, but any gains around the margins could be meaningful as he seeks reelection. Lower than expected turnout among black voters in major cities in Wisconsin, Pennsylvania and Michigan helped Trump narrowly defeat Hillary ClintonHillary Diane Rodham ClintonDNC warns campaigns about cybersecurity after attempted scam Biden looks to shore up lead in S.C. Stone judge under pressure over calls for new trial MORE in the former Democratic “blue wall” states in 2016. Still, Trump faces an uphill climb to make meaningful gains. The president has been dogged by a string of racially charged controversies in his first term, from his response to a white supremacist rally in Charlottesville, Va., to remarks he made about some African nations being “shithole countries.” The latest NBC News-Wall Street Journal poll found that only 14 percent of black voters have a favorable view of Trump. A recent Hill-Harris X poll found that 85 percent of black voters would back the Democrat over Trump. A new survey from BlackPAC fund that 77 percent of African Americans view Trump as racist. But the Trump campaign sees an opportunity to make the case that Democrats have taken black voters for granted. The BlackPAC poll found that a majority of black voters, 54 percent, believe the Democratic Party is not paying close enough attention to their needs. The survey found that 70 percent of Democrats would vote for a generic Democrat, while 12 percent would support Trump and 12 percent would back a potential third-party candidate. A Trump campaign official said their internal polling has found support among African Americans on the rise, particularly in the cities where the first wave of community centers will open. The official put Trump’s black support in those cities in the 15 to 30 percent range. “The Democratic Party has taken advantage of the black vote for a long time,” the campaign official said. “They’ve been able to get a high percentage of the vote. We’re able to communicate directly with a lot of these voters and they’re seeing the promises made in the past have not come true. A lot of the people who have promised them things have failed to live up to those promises.” The Trump campaign intends to highlight the president’s policies at the community centers. They point to criminal justice reform, investments in urban opportunity zones and historically black colleges, and low unemployment for black people as evidence of Trump’s commitment to policies that benefit African Americans. The community centers are the latest in a series of efforts by the Trump campaign to reach black voters. The campaign put millions of dollars behind a 60-second ad during the Super Bowl on Trump’s criminal justice reform success. It has also amassed a team of dozens of surrogates to act as “black voices for Trump,” who have been holding community events on the ground in Michigan, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin. A campaign official said those events have been drawing crowds of between 80 and 100 people, and that they expect the crowds to grow as word-of-mouth builds. “We see the numbers coming up in the polls and the demand on the ground when we do these types of events, so it’s really important that we take this next step and really bring those voters into the party,” senior campaign adviser Katrina Pierson said. View the discussion thread. The Hill 1625 K Street, NW Suite 900 Washington DC 20006 | 202-628-8500 tel | 202-628-8503 fax The contents of this site are ©2020 Capitol Hill Publishing Corp., a subsidiary of News Communications, Inc.
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UPDATE 2-Norway's housing prices fall further, sales volumes rise
February 5, 2018 / 10:24 AM / in 22 minutes UPDATE 2-Norway's housing prices fall further, sales volumes rise Reuters Staff
* Housing prices down 0.4 pct S/A in Jan vs Dec
* Prices down 2.2 pct yr/yr
* Sales rise points to market stabilising
* Currency has also robounded from housing-related weakness (Releads, adds analysts, bullets, background)
By Camilla Knudsen
OSLO, Feb 5 (Reuters) - Norwegian housing prices fell in January, continuing a trend that has weakened the country’s currency, although a rebound in sales volumes point to the market stabilising in the near term.
Seasonally adjusted housing prices fell by 0.4 percent in January from December, resulting in a year-on-year decline of 2.2 percent, data released on Monday by industry association Real Estate Norway showed.
Tighter mortgage regulations, lower population growth and a boom in construction have all contributed to a fall in prices from a peak in March of 2017.
But as prices continued to drop, the number of units sold in January rose by 8.4 percent from the same month of 2017, pointing to a rebound in demand, Real Estate Norway said.
“Combined with a decline in the number of homes for sale, this gives reason to believe that the price decline is about to level off,” it added.
Norway’s crown currency hit a 10-year low against the euro in December as housing prices in Norway, as well as those of neighbouring Sweden, caused fears among investors of deeper economic problems.
Recent economic data has pointed to a stronger Norwegian economy, however, and the crown has risen by about 4 percent against the euro in the past six weeks.
Analysts agreed the housing market weakness may soon be a thing of the past.
“The inventory/sales ratio ... suggests the housing market is about to stabilise without causing any significant damage to the economy,” brokerage Danske Bank tweeted.
Nordea Markets said the January data made it more certain that the decline in prices will soon be arrested, adding that the numbers were well in line with central bank forecasts.
Unadjusted prices rose by 2.0 percent in January from December. The housing data was compiled by Real Estate Norway, FINN and Eiendomsverdi. (Writing by Terje Solsvik; Editing by Gwladys Fouche and Alison Williams)
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Picketts Lock
Picketts Lock or Pickett's Lock is an area of Edmonton, in the London Borough of Enfield. It is bordered by River Lee Navigation to the east, Pickett's Lock Lane to the south, Meridian Way A1055 to the west and the Ponders End industrial area to the north. The area takes its name from Pickett's Lock, a lock on the nearby River Lee Navigation.
History
Historically the land was marshland and the hamlet here was known as Marshside. During the twentieth century the land was used for sand and gravel extraction which helped to form the waters known as the Blue Lakes. The area was used by local people for outdoor pursuits such as shooting, angling, and ferreting, and is described in Terry Webb's book An Edmonton Boy: "My playground, the River Lea has now been changed into part of the Lee Valley Regional Park; it's been changed into an official playground but it's not the same with things being done for you."
After World War II the lakes were used for landfill. The former gravel workings were a key site for investigation of Pleistocene interglacial deposits.
During the late 1960s the area was acquired by the Lee Valley Regional Park Authority (LVRPA) to form part of the Lee Valley Park. The Pickett's Lock Sports Centre designed by the Williamson Partnership with J.M.V Bishop of the (LVRPA) It was described in the Buildings of England as being "three large white functional boxes arranged around a central swimming pool, linked by generous circulation areas. Made a little less bleak by additions of 1993-4: restaurant, cafe and cinema, and an entrance block by Fitzroy Robinson & Partners". Also included were a nine-hole golf course and outdoor sports facilities and was completed by 1973 as the largest centre of its kind in Europe. One of the earliest International Events held at the centre was the first World Age Group Trampoline Championships which were organised by Ted Blake. In later years, land including a disused sewage farm to the north of the centre was used to extend the golf course, and includes a man-made water known as Ponders End lake 51.6352°N, -0.0333°W.
National Athletics Stadium
It was announced on 24 March 2000 that the site known then as the Lee Valley Leisure Centre was to be the location of the National Athletics Stadium. Shortly afterwards, on 3 April 2000, it was also announced that the site would be the venue of the 2005 World Athletics Championships. The proposed stadium had a capacity of 43,000 and an original cost of £87m and included new training facilities for athletes as part of the design for the High Performance Centre. The project was completely abandoned by the Government in October 2001 on the grounds of increased costs and inadequate transportation links. Ultimately, the UK had to forfeit the right to host the 2005 World Athletics Championships. However, the LVRPA, Sport England and UK Athletics went ahead with plans to create the most modern athletics training venue in the south of England on the site to be known as the Lee Valley Athletics Centre which was formally opened in 2007 and forms part of the Lee Valley Leisure Complex. The original 1973 Pickett Lock Sports Centre closed in 2002 and was demolished in 2004.
In popular culture
The now demolished Picketts Lock Sports Centre is featured in the BBC comedy Some Mothers Do 'Ave 'Em, with Michael Crawford roller-skating in and around the centre.
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WIKI
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Lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia is an endocrine disorder that is an uncommon and potentially lethal form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). It arises from defects in the earliest stages of steroid hormone synthesis: the transport of cholesterol into the mitochondria and the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone—the first step in the synthesis of all steroid hormones. Lipoid CAH causes mineralocorticoid deficiency in affected infants and children. Male infants are severely undervirilized causing their external genitalia to look feminine. The adrenals are large and filled with lipid globules derived from cholesterol.
Presentation
Problems that emerge in persons with lipoid CAH can be divided into:
* 1) mineralocorticoid deficiency,
* 2) glucocorticoid deficiency,
* 3) sex steroid deficiency, and
* 4) damage to gonads caused by lipid accumulation.
Mineralocorticoid deficiency
Most infants born with lipoid CAH have had genitalia female enough that no disease was suspected at birth. Because the adrenal zona glomerulosa is undifferentiated and inactive before delivery, it is undamaged at birth and can make aldosterone for a while, so the eventual salt-wasting crisis develops more gradually and variably than with severe 21-hydroxylase-deficient CAH.
Most come to medical attention between 2 weeks and 3 months of age, when after a period of poor weight gain and vomiting, they were found to be dehydrated, with severe hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and metabolic acidosis ("Addisonian or adrenal crisis"). Renin but not aldosterone is elevated. Many infants born with this condition died before a method for diagnosis was recognized for proper treatment to begin. In some cases, the condition is more mild with signs and symptoms of mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid deficiency appearing after months or even years (late onset).
Glucocorticoid deficiency
Insufficiency of cortisol synthesis has several consequences. Elevated ACTH is accompanied by and contributes to marked hyperpigmentation even in the newborn period. An inadequate cortisol response to stress undoubtedly hastens the deterioration as dehydration develops, can cause hypoglycemia, and contributes to the high mortality rate in infancy.
In development
Prenatal production of DHEA by the fetal adrenal glands is impaired, resulting in abnormally low maternal estriol levels by the middle of pregnancy. The effects of impaired progesterone production from placental cells that originate from the affected baby (trophoblasts) in the case of lipoid CAH due to P450scc deficiency are still unclear, but are thought to result in miscarriage when the deficit in the enzyme's activity are severe enough. The results of reduced or absent testosterone output by fetal Leydig cells in the male is detailed below.
Female patients
Genetic XX females with lipoid CAH are born with normal external and internal pelvic anatomy. They come to medical attention when they develop a salt-wasting adrenal crisis or other signs of progressive adrenal insufficiency.
With glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid replacement, these girls will reach the age of puberty. Because the ovaries are relatively inactive in fetal life and childhood, they sustain little damage from lipid accumulation during childhood. In the case of lipoid CAH due to StAR deficiency, when rising gonadotropin levels initiate puberty, despite the inefficiency of sex steroid synthesis, the ovaries will usually make enough estradiol to produce breast development, and in some cases even menarche, with menses continuing for some years. Ovarian and adrenal androgen production is minimal and produces little pubic or other body hair.
However insufficient estradiol and progesterone are produced to induce maturation of an egg and ovulation. Although prepubertal ovaries are inactive enough that no lipid accumulates to cause damage, once they have begun to produce estrogen, lipid damage begins to accrue and the ability to produce estrogen, as well as ovulate, is slowly degraded. Cysts also form in the ovaries. Women with lipoid CAH have been infertile presumably due to anovulation.
Male patients
The genitalia of XY fetuses with lipoid CAH are severely undervirilized due to impairment of steroid hormone synthesis. The fetal testes make AMH, which prevents a uterus and inner vagina from forming, but since the Leydig cells fail to make testosterone during development even in response to hCG, the testes are usually remain in the abdomen or lodge in the inguinal canals (undescended testes) and are nonfunctional. Consequently, XY patients do not undergo puberty and remain infertile.
In addition to the testes remaining inside, formation of the penis, also dependent on testosterone, is compromised. Hence, the external genitalia in most of infants resemble that of normal females (though the vagina is a short, blind pouch), or is slightly ambiguous (more female than male). Nearly all reported XY cases have been assumed to be girls and raised as such.
Late onset forms of the disease
Milder, late onset cases of lipoid CAH have been described that arise from less severe mutations that compromise but do not eliminate the ability of StAR to instigate steroid production. In these cases, mineralocorticoid deficiency emerges up to several years after birth. Sex steroid production may be sufficient to allow for normal sexual development as well and even fertility.
These nonclassic forms of the disorder are sometimes diagnosed as familial glucocorticoid deficiency type 3.
Genetics
This inherited disease is autosomal recessive. Understanding of the molecular basis for it has been advanced in the last decade by better understanding of adrenal steroidogenesis as well as genetic studies of affected patients. It used to be assumed that lipoid CAH resulted from a defect of the enzyme that converted cholesterol to pregnenolone. The conversion reactions are mediated by a single enzyme, formerly referred to as 20,22-desmolase, but now identified as cytochrome P450scc (cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme). However, few cases of lipoid CAH due to a mutation and defect of P450scc have been identified. Although the disorder is considered autosomal recessive, a single mutation in P450scc can be sufficient to cause the condition. All other cases of lipoid adrenal hyperplasia that have been studied have been found to be due to mutations of the gene for the primary protein that transports cholesterol into the mitochondria, StAR, encoded by a gene on chromosome 8p11.2 in the human.
Congenital adrenal hyperplasias are a family of autosomal recessive diseases resulting from defects in steps of the synthesis of steroid hormones from cholesterol. All forms of CAH involve excessive or defective production of sex steroids and can prevent or impair development of primary or secondary sex characteristics in affected infants, children, and adults. Many also involve excessive or defective production of mineralocorticoids, which can cause hypertension or salt-wasting.
Lipoid CAH is one of the rarer forms of CAH and results from defects in the steps from cholesterol to pregnenolone. This results in the catastrophic loss of most or all steroid hormones in the body. It is caused by mutations in either of two proteins: cytochrome P450scc and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR).
Pathophysiology
The deficiency results in impaired synthesis of all three categories of adrenal steroids (cortisol, mineralocorticoids, sex steroids) and high levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). A low level of steroid synthesis proceeds even without efficient transport, but is rarely enough to prevent the consequences of deficiency. While severe loss of steroid production results in manifestation of the disease within a few weeks of birth, milder forms (late onset) can present years after birth. Unlike in models of the disease in mice, patients with lipoid CAH do not always have enlarged adrenals due to lipid accumulation. This may in part be due to hormone replacement used to keep them alive preventing hyperstimulation of the gland by the pituitary.
ACTH stimulates growth of the adrenal cells and increases LDL receptors to amplify transport of cholesterol into the cells of the adrenal cortex which make adrenal steroids, where it accumulates since little can enter the mitochondria for conversion to steroid. Normally, adrenal steroids then signal their presence to the brain to moderate ACTH levels (feedback inhibition). However, in the absence of this, ACTH levels are elevated and cholesterol uptake by the cortical cells continues unabated. The adrenals become markedly enlarged (hyperplastic) by the accumulated lipid. Lipid accumulation is thought to damage the cells further ("second hit hypothesis").
Because P450scc and StAR are also essential for sex steroid synthesis in the testis and ovary, the production of testosterone by Leydig cells in the testis and androgens (which leads to estrogen production by granulosa cells) and progesterone by ovarian theca cells and luteal cells, respectively, can also be impaired. Similar to the adrenal gland, cholesterol accumulation damages the Leydig cells of the testes. In the ovary, the damage begins after puberty, the time when the ovary starts making steroid with follicle development. The placenta also makes steroid to help maintain pregnancy. However, since StAR is not required for placental steroid production, pregnancy goes to term. When the mutation in P450scc that causes lipoid CAH is either heterozygous or its presence on both alleles does not completely destroy all function, affected babies can survive to birth as well. Also of note, enlargement of the adrenal gland is not always found in the patient, especially in cases where a mutation in the gene for P450scc is the cause.
The pathophysiology of lipoid CAH differs from other forms of CAH in certain aspects. First, the affected gene in most cases is that for a transport protein (StAR) rather than a steroidogenic enzyme. Second, because the defect compromises all steroid synthesis. Thus, there are no problems due to excessive mineralocorticoids or androgens. Third, lipid accumulation damages the testes and ovaries so that even with appropriate adrenal hormone replacement (and in the absence of other intervention), gonadal function and fertility cannot be preserved.
Diagnosis
In terms of diagnosis of this condition, gene sequencing can be done.
Management
Management of salt-wasting crises and mineralocorticoid treatment are as for other forms of salt-wasting congenital adrenal hyperplasias: saline and fludrocortisone. Glucocorticoids can be provided at minimal replacement doses because there is no need for suppression of excessive adrenal androgens or mineralocorticoids. As with other forms of adrenal insufficiency, extra glucocorticoid is needed for stress coverage.
Female patients
XX females with lipoid CAH may need estrogen replacement at or after puberty. Active intervention has been used to preserve the possibility of fertility and conception in lipoid CAH females. In a case report in 2009, a woman with late onset lipoid CAH due to StAR deficiency underwent hormone replacement therapy in combination with an assisted fertility technique, intracytoplasmic sperm injection. This led to ovulation and with implantation of the in vitro fertilized egg, a successful birth.
Male patients
Most XY children are so undervirilized that they are raised as girls. The testes are uniformly nonfunctional and undescended; they are removed when the diagnosis is made due to the risk of cancer development in these tissues.
Epidemiology
Lipoid CAH is quite rare in European and North American populations. Most cases occur in Japan and Korea (where the incidence is 1 in 300,000 births) and Palestinian Arabs. Despite autosomal inheritance, there has been an unexplained preponderance of genetic females in reported cases.
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标题：A New Landmark Selection Method for Non-rigid Registration of Medical Brain Images
作者：Xu, Hongkui; Jiang, Mingyan; Yang, Mingqiang
通讯作者：Xu, HK
作者机构：[Xu, Hongkui; Jiang, Mingyan; Yang, Mingqiang] Shandong Univ, Sch Informat Sci & Engn, Jinan 250100, Peoples R China.
会议名称：IEEE 10TH International Conference on Signal Processing
会议日期：OCT 24-28, 2010
来源：2010 IEEE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SIGNAL PROCESSING PROCEEDINGS (ICSP2010), VOLS I-III
出版年：2010
页码：920-923
关键词：shape context; wavelet transform; B-spline; non-rigid registration
摘要：Based on shape context and wavelet transform, a new approach to select automatically the landmarks for non-rigid registration of medical brain images is proposed in this paper. First, the two magnetic resonance (MR) images to be registered are segmented, their skull boundaries and cerebrospinal fluid boundaries are extracted, then shape context is applied to get landmarks on those boundaries and establish the corresponding relationship of landmarks between two images. Given the shape complexity of white matter, the shape context method is then improved with uniformly sampled points replaced by fewer modulus extreme points of wavelet transform on the white matter boundaries. This kind of landmarks can better reflect the shapes but decrease the landmarks number and then reduce the time for establishing their corresponding relationship. Finally, the selected landmarks are applied to make B-spline interpolation-based registration to validate the proposed method. Experimental results demonstrate the extracted landmarks can well reflect the geometry characters, have appropriate number and reasonable distribution in images; using the landmarks, the B-spline interpolation-based registration achieves ideal accuracy and faster speed.
收录类别：CPCI-S
WOS核心被引频次：3
资源类型：会议论文
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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• Hodge Shields posted an update 2 months, 2 weeks ago
Diarrhea is the the watery state of this feces, which happens because of dehydration or improper diet. It’s normal and the remedy for diarrhea can be done even without seeing the doctor in a period of 2 to 3 days. The typical symptoms during diarrhea is the loosening of the stool at regular intervals, pain, irritation in the lower abdomen, vomiting and loss of appetite. It happens due to the low oxygen level within the body. It’s very important to have a particular quantity of water everyday. The best cure for nausea is drinking lots of water. You can take any other kind of fluids too but the main point is that the replenishing the water loss that had caused diarrhea.
Many of you have the idea that the food you eat during diarrhea has to be with no spice hence absolutely bland but this is not the case. You will need to avoid fatty food like lots of fried, fried foods and other types on the other hand eat a lot of green peas, rice, apple, soups and vegetables. Even after diarrhea is treated don’t eat fatty and crap food for three to four days. An appropriate check is essential to prevent it from occurring over and over.
During diarrhea do not consume alcohol since it is going to intensify the situation on your intestine and can result in serious conditions. Exercise during diarrhea should be decreased, you can continue together but don’t carry on with your exercise for a longer period because it contributes to tension in your stomach muscles.
Children and babies are at a greater risk of becoming infected by nausea due to the tendency of being dried in larger among them. To control it from occurring again and solutions like Pedialyte should be given regularly because these liquids have a small quantity of salts present which replenishes the salt reduction that happens during diarrhea. Kids feel very feeble during diarrhea therefore the sole treatment for nausea is to take appropriate sleep and rest together with a well planned dietplan. Don’t go over board in checking your diet simply prevent the crap and greasy food.
Bacteria, fungus and other virus that enters our system throughout the food that we eat are the causes of diarrhea. But do not pop in anti fungal pills since they are of no use occasionally that they cause the situation to intensify. Assess your diet and follow the homely treatment to treat diarrhea.
However if you are traveling then it’s strongly suggested that you take some medication with you like carry your own water, food and likewise some pills like loperamide. They’ll help in curbing the symptoms of diarrhea.
The points mentioned above would be the best treatment for diarrhea. If you choose the precautions you just read you can place a check . A proper food habit should always be followed closely in order to avoid its occurrence.
For details about
thuoc tieu chay smecta visit this web portal.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Magerius Mosaic
The Magerius Mosaic is a 3rd-century Roman mosaic discovered in 1966 in the Tunisian village of Smirat and presently displayed in the Sousse Archaeological Museum. The mosaic presumably decorated a country villa belonging to a man named Magerius.
Description
Depicted in the mosaic is a beast hunt, and four named hunters are shown killing four, also named, leopords. At the centre of the mosaic a steward is shown with four moneybags on a tray. Each moneybag symbolises a thousand denarii. The steward is surrounded by four named leopards, being speared by four named hunters. The mosaic presents a very rare evidence of the actual sums paid for animals used in the amphitheatre spectacles. Two of the three other figures on the mosaic are presumably deities, despite the adjacent Latin inscription Mageri. A figure striding forward on the left is usually identified as the goddess Diana. Another figure, with a saucer-shaped object in his right hand, and a staff in his left, is usually identified as Bacchus or Liber Pater.
Amphitheatre venatio shows were often depicted in villa mosaics.
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Talk:4D vector
rename?
if it's specialized now as a compsci article - would it be better to go further and rename it 4D vector (computer science), or 4D vector (datatype) ; just a thought. then '4D vector' could be a disambiguation, if you're concerned about people running into this when looking for 4-vectors.
I'm sensing disapproval on mixing physics/maths/computing meanings. Originally I thought it would be better to explain it's existence in the most general terms, with specialized sections explaining the main uses.
I still think it is interesting to point out everywhere else that 4D vectors appear. It is so nice to be able to find parallels and connections between different areas. ('why the hell would anyone need a 4d-vector? Ah...')
Ll928 (talk) 14:51, 17 February 2017 (UTC)
* No. We don't disambugate needlessly. - MrOllie (talk) 15:13, 17 February 2017 (UTC)
* This article was intended to cover the all kinds of vectors with 4 elements? The generalities of many unrelated specific cases? Surely you must see how that reasoning would lead to N near-identical articles for {1...N}-dimensional vectors. The many meanings of "vector" are already covered in their separate articles. If arrays with 4 members are particularly noteworthy within computer science (as four-vectors are noteworthy in physics), then keep the article. Otherwise AfD it. Dukwon (talk) 16:31, 17 February 2017 (UTC)
* Ll928 is now blocked as a sock of indeffed editor. Meters (talk) 20:56, 17 February 2017 (UTC)
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WIKI
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The Indian Myna Problem
Why are Indian (Common) Mynas such a problem?
They are a major threat to our biodiversity.
Where there is favourable habitat (this includes most Australia’s populated areas), Indian Mynas can be expected to have the following range of impacts:
• are extremely aggressive and territorial, attacking and often killing native wildlife.
• out-breed our native birds, often nesting three times a year with up to 6 chicks each time.
• reduce the breeding success of many native birds. Indian Mynas compete aggressively for nesting hollows/nesting boxes and evict native birds from these hollows/boxes and destroy eggs and kill chicks. A pair of Mynas can build nests in multiple nesting hollows without using every nest. Such behaviour probably deters other species and maintains a large breeding territory (Pell & Tidemann, 1997a).
• compete for tree hollows with other native wildlife such as possums, gliders and microbats. Indian Mynas can kill small mammals and remove sugar gliders from tree hollows (NSW DPI, undated; Perry, 2008).
• out-compete natives for shelter and food sources.
• act as a potential reservoir for native bird diseases such as avian malaria (Caughley & Sinclair, 1994).
• carry other avian diseases such as psittacosis and salmonellosis which can potentially impact on human health.
• can cause dermatitis, allergies, and asthma in people by nesting in the roofs of houses (Brisbane City Council, 2007).
• also nests built in roofs of houses are a potential fire risk.
• generate noise complaints in suburban areas wherever there are large communal roosts.
• soil outside living and dining spaces for households and eateries.
• damage fruit, vegetable, and cereal crops, foul stock and poultry feed whilst consuming quantities of same.
• spread certain weeds such as Lantana and Camphor Laurel (DPI NSW, undated).
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Terry L. PERKINS, Teresea A. Perkins, and Todd Perkins, Plaintiffs, v. Jerry JOHNSON, d/b/a Jupiter Lending, Matthew Green, individually and d/b/a Jupiter Lending, LLC Defendants, Leonid Shifrin, individually and d/b/a Jupiter Lending, LLC, Defendant and Third-Party Plaintiff, Jennifer M. Fry, d/b/a Mile High Mortgage Planning, d/b/a Mile High Mortgage Process, Third-Party Defendant.
Civil Case No. 06-cv-01503-REB-PAC.
United States District Court, D. Colorado.
Feb. 25, 2008.
John F. Head, Head & Associates, P.C., Denver, CO, for Plaintiffs.
Jerry Johnson, Centennial, CO, pro se. Daniel Kennedy Calisher, Foster Graham Milstein Miller & Calisher, LLP, Denver, CO, for Third-Party Defendant.
Jennifer M. Fry, Golden, CO, pro se.
ORDER OVERRULING OBJECTIONS TO AND ADOPTING RECOMMENDATION OF THE UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE
BLACKBURN, District Judge.
The matters before me are (1) the Recommendation of United States Magistrate Judge [# 135], filed February 4, 2008; and (2) plaintiffs’ Objection to Dismissal of Matthew Green [# 144], filed February 13, 2008. I overrule the objection and adopt the recommendation.
As required by 28 U.S.C. § 636(b), I have reviewed de novo all portions of the recommendation to which objections have been filed, and have considered carefully the recommendation, objection, and applicable case law. In addition, because defendant Shifrin was proceeding pro se at the time he filed the apposite motions, I have construed his pleadings more liberally and held them to a less stringent standard than formal pleadings drafted by lawyers. See Hall v. Bellmon, 935 F.2d 1106, 1110 (10th Cir.1991). The recommendation is detailed and well-reasoned. Plaintiffs’ objections are without merit.
Plaintiffs’ only objection is that defendant Matthew Green should not be dismissed from the lawsuit, as recommended by the magistrate judge, because he has now filed an answer in the case. Since the magistrate judge’s recommendation in this regard was based on plaintiffs’ failure to respond to the court’s Order To Show Cause ([# 129], filed January 11, 2008), and more specifically, their failure to timely prosecute their claims against Green (see Recommendation at 4 n. 3.), Greeen’s filing of an answer vel non is entirely beside the point.
Moreover, the magistrate judge recommends that the claims against Green be dismissed with prejudice. Both the federal rules and the local rules of this district contemplate that a dismissal for failure to prosecute may be with or without prejudice. See Fed. R.Civ.P. 41(b); D.C.COLO. LCivR 41.1. Nevertheless, my discretion to dismiss a claim under these rules must be guided by an explicit consideration of five factors:
(1) the degree of actual prejudice to the opposing party, (2) the degree of interference with the judicial process, (3) the litigant’s culpability, (4) whether the litigant was warned in advance that dismissal was a likely sanction, and (5) whether a lesser sanction would be effective.
LaFleur v. Teen Help, 342 F.3d 1145, 1151 (10th Cir.2003). See also Reed v. Bennett, 312 F.3d 1190, 1196 (10th Cir.2002) (“Where the district court did not perform a sanction analysis, this Court has ... reverse[d] the district court’s sanction as overly severe.”).
Analyzing these factors, it is apparent that the magistrate judge’s recommended disposition of plaintiffs’ claims against Green is the correct one. This case is postured to proceed to jury trial in little more than a week. It should be abundantly clear that forcing Green to defend himself at this late date will be exceedingly prejudicial and create an extreme interference with the judicial process. Plaintiffs offer no explanation as to why they should not bear full responsibility for their failure to pursue these claims, and none is apparent from the record. The magistrate judge specifically warned plaintiffs that she was contemplating a recommending that their claims against Green be dismissed with prejudice if they failed to respond to her order to show cause. (Order To Show Cause at 2 [# 129], filed January 11, 2008.) Given this history, I find and conclude that no lesser sanction short of a dismissal with prejudice will be effective.
Therefore, I find and conclude that the arguments advanced, authorities cited, and findings of fact, conclusions of law, and recommendation proposed by the magistrate judge should be approved and adopted.
THEREFORE, IT IS ORDERED as follows:
1. That the Recommendation of United States Magistrate Judge [# 135], filed February 4, 2008, is APPROVED AND ADOPTED as an order of this court;
2. That plaintiffs’ Objection to Dismissal of Matthew Green [# 144], filed February 13, 2008, is OVERRULED;
3. That defendant Leonid Shifrin’s Motion To Dismiss or for Summary Judgment Amended [# 57], filed May 22, 2007, is GRANTED IN PART and DENIED IN PART;
4. That defendant Leonid Shifrin’s Motion for Summary Judgment [# 110], filed November 26, 2007, is GRANTED IN PART and DENIED IN PART;
5. That the motions are GRANTED with respect to plaintiffs’ Claim I as against Shifrin alleging violation of the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (“RESPA”), 12 U.S.C. §§ 2601 & 2607, and that claim is DISMISSED WITH PREJUDICE;
6. That in all other respects, the motions are DENIED;
7. That plaintiffs’ claims against defendant Matthew Green are DISMISSED WITH PREJUDICE for failure to prosecute.
RECOMMENDATION OF UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE
KRISTEN L. MIX, Magistrate Judge.
This matter is before the Court on pro se Defendant Leonid Shifrin’s Motion to Dismiss or for Summary Judgment Amended [Docket No. 57; Filed May 22, 2007] (“Motion to Dismiss”) and Defendant Shifrin’s Motion for Summary Judgment [Docket No. 110; Filed November 26, 2007] (“Motion for Summary Judgment”). Plaintiffs filed a response to the Motion to Dismiss on September 10, 2007 [Docket No. 80] and a response to the Motion for Summary Judgment on December 19, 2007 [Docket No. 120]. Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1) and D.C. Colo. L. Civ. R. 72.1.C, these matters have been referred to this Court for recommendation. The Court has reviewed and considered the pleadings, and the motions are ripe for determination. For the reasons set forth below, the Court recommends that the Motion to Dismiss and Motion for Summary Judgment be granted in part and denied in part.
I. Factual and Procedural Background
Plaintiffs allege that they received two loans to refinance their homes which are the subject of their injury: (1) Plaintiffs Terry L. Perkins and Teresa A. Perkins received a loan on their Breckenridge home (“Breckenridge Loan”); and (2) Plaintiff Todd Perkins received a loan on his Boulder home (“Boulder Loan”). First Amended Complaint at 2, ¶ 6 [Docket No. 49]. Plaintiffs procured these loans from Countrywide Home Loans through the offices of Jupiter Lending. Id. at 2, ¶¶ 6-7, 9-10. Plaintiffs assert that they contacted Jupiter Lending in response to an advertisement in the newspaper which promoted financing terms of “1.95% 5 year fixed $39 broker points.” Id. at 2, ¶ 7. Plaintiff Teresa Perkins alleges that she specifically told Defendant Jerry Johnson of Jupiter Lending that Plaintiffs did not want the loans to negatively amortize. Id.; Response to Motion to Dismiss at Exhibit F (Affidavit of Teresa Perkins) [Docket No. 80-7]. Ms. Perkins avers that she was assured that the loans would not negatively amortize, and that they would have a guaranteed interest rate of 1.95% for the first year. Id.
However, Plaintiffs contend that the loan documents which they were presented and eventually signed contained materially different terms from those Jupiter Lending had promised. Id. at 2-3, ¶¶ 8-9; Response to Motion to Dismiss at Exhibit F [Docket No. 80-7]. Plaintiffs claim that they unwittingly agreed to an interest rate of 1 % for one month, then 5.625% thereafter. Id. While the agreed-upon terms did not increase their monthly payments for the first year, according to Plaintiffs their principal loan balance increased over that year more than they had been promised. First Amended Complaint at 3, ¶ 8. Plaintiffs further claim that the increase had the effect of making the loan one that negatively amortized, contrary to their stated wishes. Id. In addition, Plaintiffs aver that after the loans were secured, a yield spread premium (“YSP”) was paid to Mile High Mortgage Process LLC (“Mile High”) in the amount of $10,562.50 for the Breckenridge Loan and $3,672.00 for the Boulder Loan. Id. at 3, ¶ 10; Response to Motion to Dismiss at Exhibit F [Docket No. 80-7]. Plaintiffs claim these YSPs were illegal pursuant to the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (“RESPA”), 12 U.S.C. §§ 2601 & 2607, had the effect of increasing their interest rates above the reasonable market level, and were fraudulently secured without their knowledge. First Amended Complaint at 3-6, ¶¶ 11, 18-29.
Plaintiffs filed a Complaint in state court in July 2006 against Mile High, Countrywide Home Loans, Inc., Countrywide Bank, and loan officer Jerry Johnson [Docket No. 1-3]. The case was removed to federal court on August 2, 2006 [Docket No. 1]. Plaintiffs voluntarily moved to dismiss the action as to Countrywide Home Loans, Inc., Countrywide Bank, and Mile High [Docket Nos. 19 & 24], and the claims against these Defendants were dismissed by Orders dated November 8, 2008 and December 15, 2006, respectively [Docket No. 21 & 28]. Thereafter, Defendant Johnson moved to dismiss the RES-PA claims brought against him [Docket No. 29]. The motion was granted as to Plaintiffs’ RE SPA claim regarding the Boulder Loan because it was barred by the one-year statute of limitations. The motion was denied as to Plaintiffs’ RESPA claim regarding the Breckenridge Loan [Docket No. 37].
On March 21, 2007, Plaintiffs filed a motion to amend their Complaint to add Leonid Shifrin (“Shifrin”) and Matthew Green as Defendants [Docket No. 40]. The motion was granted on April 16, 2007 [Docket No. 48]. In their First Amended Complaint [Docket No. 49], Plaintiffs contend that as a result of Defendants’ concerted effort and conspiratorial conduct, “Plaintiffs have suffered, and continue to suffer, losses which were caused by the acts of the Defendants in the pursuit of an unlawful goal. These losses are the result of a property purchased entirely with borrowed money at an inflated price.” First Amended Complaint at 3-4, ¶¶ 12-16 [Docket No. 49]. Plaintiffs contend they are entitled to damages based on “interest rates on the two loans which are at a premium to par plus the points and fees on loans which must be refinanced.” Id. at 4, ¶ 17. Specifically, Plaintiffs assert three remaining claims for relief: (1) Defendants’ solicitation and receipt of a YSP for the Breckenridge Loan violated RE SPA, id. at 4-6, ¶¶ 18-29; (2) Defendants knowingly made false representations and failed to disclose material information in violation of the Colorado Consumer Protection Act (“CCPA”), Colo.Rev.Stat. § 38-40-105, id. at 6-7, ¶¶ 30-39; and (3) Defendants’ misrepresentations and concealment of facts constitutes common law fraud, id. at 7-8, ¶¶ 4(M7. Plaintiffs seek statutory treble damages, their costs, and attorney fees. Id. at 8.
II. The Motions
Defendant Shifrin filed a Motion to Dismiss or for Summary Judgment on May 16, 2007 [Docket No. 54] and the Motion to Dismiss at issue here on May 22, 2007 [Docket No. 57], Docket No. 54 was denied as moot [Docket No. 66]. He later filed a Motion for Summary Judgment (also at issue here) after Third-Party Defendant Fry was made a party to the case [Docket No. 110]. In both his Motion to Dismiss and Motion for Summary Judgment, Defendant Shifrin alleges that Claim I should be dismissed because (1) it is barred by the one-year statute of limitations imposed by RESPA; (2) YSPs are not per se illegal; and (3) Plaintiffs failed to prove he received compensation from the loan. Motion to Dismiss at 3 [Docket No. 57]; Motion for Summary Judgment at 2 [Docket No. 110]. Plaintiffs argue that their claim is not time barred, they sufficiently pled a RESPA violation, and a material dispute exists as to whether Defendants adequately disclosed the YSP and as to Defendant Shifrin’s involvement in the alleged scheme. Response to Motion to Dismiss at 9-14 [Docket No. 80].
As to Claim II, Defendant Shifrin contends that the CCPA is preempted by federal statutes, here RESPA and the Truth in Lending Act (“TILA”), 15 U.S.C. § 1601 et seq. Motion to Dismiss at 3^4 [Docket No. 57]; Motion for Summary Judgment at 2 [Docket No. 110]. He claims that when federal statutes like TILA or RESPA are at issue, the CCPA does not apply. Id. Plaintiffs argue that the CCPA deals with other types of fraud and is not preempted by federal statute. Response to Motion to Dismiss at 14-16 [Docket No. 80].
As to Claim III, Defendant Shifrin contends the facts do not support a common law fraud claim against him because he never met Plaintiffs or worked on their loans. Motion to Dismiss at 4-5 [Docket No. 57]; Motion for Summary Judgment at 2-3 [Docket No. 110]. Rather, according to Shifrin, the loans were processed and handled by Defendant Johnson, Defendant Green, and Third-Party Defendant Fry. Id.; see also Affidavit of Matthew Green at 1-2 [Docket No. 110-2], Moreover, he denies that any material facts were withheld or misrepresented. Motion to Dismiss at 4-5 [Docket No. 57]. Plaintiffs argue that they sufficiently pled a cause of action for common law fraud and a material dispute exists as to Defendant Shifrin’s involvement and the material misrepresentations made by Defendants. Response to Motion to Dismiss at 16-17 [Docket No. 80].
III. Analysis
A. Standards of Review
Defendant Shifrin is proceeding pro se. As such, the Court should construe his pleadings liberally. Haines v. Kerner, 404 U.S. 519, 520-21, 92 S.Ct. 594, 30 L.Ed.2d 652 (1972); Hall v. Bellmon, 935 F.2d 1106, 1110 (10th Cir.1991). However, it is not “the proper function of the [Court] to assume the role of advocate for the pro se litigant.” Hall, 935 F.2d at 1110.
As noted earlier, Defendant Shifrin’s response to the First Amended Complaint was filed as a “Motion to Dismiss or for Summary Judgment” [Docket No. 57]. For the most part, Defendant Shifrin argues that the First Amended Complaint fails to state a claim against him. Defendant Shifrin also later filed a Motion for Summary Judgment [Docket No. 110]. The Court construes the majority of the Motion to Dismiss under the standards set forth for reviewing a motion to dismiss pursuant to Fed.R.Civ.P.R. 12(b), except for Defendant Shifrin’s argument related to the statute of limitations regarding Claim I, which the Court reviews under the standards for summary judgment. As to Defendant’s Shifrin’s Motion for Summary Judgment, in which he raises the same or similar arguments as those made in his earlier motion but attaches extraneous information and discusses material derived through discovery, the Court reviews that motion under the standard regarding entry of summary judgment.
When reviewing a motion to dismiss pursuant to Fed.R.Civ.P. 12(b)(6), the Court accepts as true the well-pled factual allegations and draws all reasonable inferences in favor of Plaintiffs. Shaw v. Valdez, 819 F.2d 965, 968 (10th Cir.1987). The Court considers whether the Complaint contains allegations that support a plausible legal claim for relief. Alvarado, 493 F.3d at 1215 n. 2; see also Bell Atl. Corp. v.Twombly, — U.S.-, 127 S.Ct. 1955, 1974, 167 L.Ed.2d 929 (2007) (holding that a Complaint must contain “only enough facts to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face”).
Summary judgment is proper when the record before the court “show[s] that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(c). The moving party bears the initial burden of demonstrating the absence of evidence to support the nonmovant’s case. If this burden is satisfied, the burden shifts to the nonmovant to show the existence of a genuine dispute of a material issue. The nonmoving party must go beyond the facts in its pleading and provide “specific facts showing there is a genuine issue for trial.” Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 324, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986). A fact is genuine if it could lead the trier of fact to find in favor of the nonmoving party. Allen v. Muskogee, 119 F.3d 837, 839 (10th Cir.1997). The factual record and inferences therefrom are viewed in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party. Byers v. City of Albuquerque, 150 F.3d 1271, 1274 (10th Cir.1998).
B. Recommendation
1. Claim I, RESPA
Claim I of Plaintiffs’ Complaint is brought pursuant to the RE SPA anti-kickback provision, 12 U.S.C. § 2607, which prohibits the payment and acceptance of a kickback or referral for unearned services on real estate loans. Plaintiffs contend that the Breckenridge Loan YSP, which was paid to Mile High, violated this provision. First Amended Complaint at 5-6, ¶¶ 27-28. Pursuant to 12 U.S.C. § 2614, all claims arising under § 2607 of RESPA must be filed within one year “from the date of the occurrence of the violation.” Courts have predominantly found the “date of the occurrence” to refer to the date of the closing of the loan. See, e.g., Snow v. First Am. Title Ins. Co., 332 F.3d 356, 359-61 (5th Cir.2003); Salois v. Dime Savings Bank, 128 F.3d 20, 25 (1st Cir. 1997) Sanborn v. Am. Lending Network, 506 F.Supp.2d 917, 923 (D.Utah 2007); Bloom v. Martin, 865 F.Supp. 1377, 1386-87 (N.D.Cal.1994), aff'd, 77 F.3d 318 (9th Cir.1996).
The Breckenridge loan closed on July 23, 2005. Plaintiffs first filed their Complaint in state court on July 14, 2006, but did not file their claims against Defendant Shifrin until March 2007. As such, Defendant Shifrin argues that the RESPA claim should be dismissed because it was filed against him well after the one-year statute of limitations expired.
Plaintiffs do not dispute that the one-year statute of limitations expired on their RESPA claim before they sued Defendant Shifrin. Response to Motion to Dismiss at 10-14 [Docket 80]. Rather, they ask the Court to invoke the doctrine of equitable tolling. Id. Reading their response liberally, Plaintiffs appear to suggest that their claim against Defendant Shifrin was unknown to them until they engaged in discovery regarding their original Complaint. Id. at 7-8, 14. In support of their assertion, Plaintiffs attach a letter from Third-Party Defendant Jennifer Fry’s counsel dated February 8, 2007, wherein he informs Plaintiffs of Defendant Shifrin’s alleged role in the conduct at issue. Id. at Exhibit O [Docket No. 80-16].
Although there is legal precedent to support Plaintiffs’ assertion that the RESPA statute of limitations can be equitably tolled, the Tenth Circuit has noted that application of the doctrine is limited to “rare and exceptional circumstances.” Garcia v. Shanks, 351 F.3d 468, 473 n. 2 (10th Cir.2003). Specifically, equitable tolling is only available where a plaintiff “diligently pursues his claims and demonstrates that the failure to timely file was caused by extraordinary circumstances beyond his control.” Id.; see also Irwin v. Dep’t of Veterans Affairs, 498 U.S. 89, 96, 111 S.Ct. 453, 112 L.Ed.2d 435 (1990) (holding that equitable tolling of a statute of limitations may be triggered: (1) where a plaintiff has “actively pursued his judicial remedies by a filing a defective pleading during the statutory period”; or (2) where a plaintiff was “induced or tricked by his adversary’s misconduct into allowing the filing deadline to pass”).
Plaintiffs do not allege that fraudulent concealment prevented them from ascertaining Shifrin’s involvement in the alleged wrongful conduct. For instance, Plaintiffs present no evidence that Defendants affirmatively took steps to conceal Defendant Shifrin’s identify. Rather, Plaintiffs appear to allege that they were unable to ascertain Defendant Shifrin’s true role despite diligent pursuit of their case. See Alexander, 382 F.3d at 1216 (noting that a plaintiff must use reasonable diligence in seeking to discover facts giving rise to a claim for relief). However, Plaintiffs have not alleged sufficient facts to justify equitable tolling here. For instance, while they allege the complicated nature of the loan settlement documents prevented them from immediately discovery their injury, they do not allege that they were prevented from investigating and discovering Defendant Shifrin’s role in the alleged misconduct prior to the expiration of the statute of limitations. Assuming the RESPA statute of limitations can be equitably tolled, Plaintiffs have not sufficiently alleged the rare and exceptional circumstances which would justify tolling here.
Although not raised by Plaintiffs, the Court considers whether the federal discovery rule may nevertheless save Plaintiffs’ RE SPA claim from dismissal. Generally, a cause of action does not accrue and trigger the statute of limitations until the party discovers the injury. See United States v. Kubrick, 444 U.S. 111, 117-21, 100 S.Ct. 352, 62 L.Ed.2d 259 (1979); Alexander, 382 F.3d at 1216 (noting that the statute of limitations is triggered when the plaintiff knew of facts that would put a reasonable person on notice that wrongful conduct caused the harm). In addition, “the plaintiffs knowledge of the grounds for suit must generally extend to an awareness of the persons responsible for [his] injury.” See C.J.S. Limitations of Actions § 119 (2007).
Plaintiffs essentially argue that they did not discover Defendant Shifrin’s involvement until they conducted discovery regarding their original Complaint. See Response to Motion to Dismiss at 7-8, 14 [Docket 80]. The Tenth Circuit does not appear to have addressed the discovery rule in this context, nor does it appear to be a contention heavily litigated in other Circuits. The Court is persuaded by the sound holdings of the courts which have addressed this issue that the federal discovery rule is inapplicable to the RESPA statute of limitations because Congress explicitly denoted that the statute begins to run “from the date of the occurrence,” rather than “when the action accrues,” as it has denoted in other statutory provisions. Compare RESPA, 12 U.S.C. § 2614, with Federal Tort Claims Act, 28 U.S.C. § 2401(b); see also Snow, 332 F.3d at 361; Mullinax, 199 F.Supp.2d at 325. If discovery of the injury triggered the statute of limitations at issue here, multiple pleading deadlines could exist as to a single transaction. “RESPA nowhere suggests that Congress intended such [a result]. ‘If Congress had intended the statute of limitations to float in this way, it could have so provided in explicit language.’ ” Snow, 332 F.3d at 361 (quoting Mullinax, 199 F.Supp.2d at 325). Stated another way, the “limitations period for RESPA claims begins to run ‘from the date of the occurrence of the violation’ rather than from when the action accrues, and must be measured with reference to this discrete event.” In re Parker, BR No. 05-01021, 2007 WL 1521068, at *2 n. 4 (Bankr.D.Colo. May 21, 2007) (unpublished decision) (citing Mullinax, 199 F.Supp.2d at 324).
Because the Court finds that Plaintiffs’ RESPA claim as to Defendant Shifrin is time-barred, it is unnecessary to address Shifrin’s remaining substantive arguments regarding the merits of Claim I. Accordingly, I recommend that Claim I be dismissed as it pertains to Defendant Shifrin.
2. Claim II, CCPA
To support a claim under the CCPA, Plaintiffs must allege that Defendants, in the course of their business, engaged in deceptive trade practices which significantly impacted consumers, and that Plaintiffs suffered an injury which was caused by Defendants’ practices. See Colo.Rev.Stat. §§ 6-1-105 & 6-1-113; Hall v. Walter, 969 P.2d 224, 234 — 35 (Colo.1998); see also Colo.Rev.Stat. § 38-40-105 (noting that a violation pursuant to this section is a violation pursuant to the CCPA). As to Claim II, Defendant Shifrin contends that the CCPA is a “general application law” and, as such, is preempted by more specific federal statutes, here RESPA and TILA. Motion to Dismiss at 3-4 [Docket No. 57]; Motion for Summary Judgment at 2 [Docket No. 110], In support of his argument, Defendant Shifrin cites a provision of the CCPA which expressly states that it “does not apply to ... conduct in compliance with the orders or rules of, or a statute administered by, a federal, state, or local governmental agency.” Colo.Rev. Stat. § 6-1-106. Defendant Shifrin argues that this provision precludes application of the CCPA when federal statutes are at issue. Motion to Dismiss at 3-4 [Docket No. 57]; Motion for Summary Judgment at 2 [Docket No. 110].
As a preliminary matter, the CCPA has a “strong and sweeping remedial purpose.” Showpiece Homes Corp. v. Assurance Co. of Am., 38 P.3d 47, 53 (Colo.2001). A general statute is only preempted where it attempts to regulate the same conduct as a specific statute. See id. Here, given the breadth of the CCPA and its regulation of far wider deceptive trade practices than those covered by RESPA (which is limited to real estate settlement practices), the Court is persuaded that the CCPA has not been preempted by RESPA. See generally First Fed. Sav. & Loan Ass’n v. Greenwald, 591 F.2d 417, 420 & n. 5 (1st Cir. 1979) (noting that a state law that is not inconsistent with RESPA is not preempted by it); In re Dominique, 368 B.R. 913, 915 n. 3 (Bankr.S.D.Fla.2007) (noting that “RESPA does not generally preempt state law”). Indeed, Plaintiffs sued Defendants under RESPA for the sole purpose of challenging the YSPs as an illegal kickback. Plaintiffs’ CCPA allegations extend beyond the conduct related to the YSPs and seek to remedy false and deceptive representations or omissions of material fact made by Defendants in several additional areas, e.g., Defendants’ alleged false advertising of rates, Defendants’ alleged other false assurances, and the terms of Plaintiffs’ loan contracts which they allege differ from terms they had been promised. Response to Motion to Dismiss at Exhibits E-N [Docket Nos. 80-6 through -15]; see Colo.Rev.Stat. § 38-40-105.
Moreover, the issue of preemption is specifically contemplated and narrowly construed by RESPA itself. See 12 U.S.C. § 2616 (“This chapter does not annul, alter, or affect, or exempt any person subject to the provisions of this chapter from complying with, the law of any State with respect to settlement practices, except to the extent that those laws are inconsistent with any provision of this chapter, and then only to the extent of the inconsistency”). It is clear that Congress intended to give effect to RESPA over state law only in the limited situation where the two are inconsistent. Because Defendant Shifrin does not allege any inconsistency between RESPA and the CCPA, the Court is not inclined to consider whether the two statutes are inconsistent for preemption purposes.
Defendant Shifrin also contends that the alleged conduct complied with all federal laws and, as such, Plaintiffs cannot prove a CCPA violation. Motion to Dismiss at 3-5 [Docket No. 57]; Motion for Summary Judgment at 2-3 [Docket No. 110]. The Court construes this argument as asserting that there is no genuine issue of material fact and that Shifrin is entitled to judgment as a matter of law, pursuant to Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(c). Whether Defendants complied with RESPA and the CCPA is the ultimate legal and factual issue in this case and thus uniquely inappropriate for resolution without trial, unless the stringent summary judgment standard is met. At this stage of the litigation, the Court cannot and will not take Defendant Shif-rin’s word that the conduct at issue was legal in all respects, especially considering that Plaintiffs have submitted sufficient evidence to the contrary. Response to Motion to Dismiss at Exhibit Nos. E-N [Docket Nos. 80-6 through -15]. By doing so, Plaintiffs have asserted sufficient evidence of Defendant Shifrin’s involvement in the alleged illegal conduct to a create a disputed issue of material fact. For example, Plaintiffs assert that Jupiter Lending and Mile High shared office space and Jupiter Lending originated loans for Mile High, and that Defendant Shifrin “hijacked” Mile High for his gain. Id. at Exhibits A-C & 0 [Docket Nos. 80-2 through -4 & 80-16].
Plaintiffs have sufficiently stated a claim for relief under the CCPA and Colo.Rev. Stat. § 38^40-105 such that outright dismissal is inapplicable. Moreover, considering the disputed facts at issue, this claim is not appropriate for summary judgment. Fed.R.Civ.P. 12(b)(6) & 56.
3. Claim III, Common Law Fraud
As to Claim III, Defendant Shifrin contends that Plaintiffs have failed to state a claim and that the facts do not support a common law fraud claim against him because he never met the Plaintiffs or worked on their loans. Motion to Dismiss at 4-5 [Docket No. 57]; Motion for Summary Judgment at 2-3 [Docket No. 110]. Rather, Defendant Shifrin asserts that the loans were processed and handled by Jupiter Lending, Defendant Green and Third-Party Defendant Fry. Motion for Summary Judgment at 2-3 [Docket No. 110]; Affidavit of Matthew Green [Docket No. 110-2]. Moreover, he denies that any material facts were withheld from Plaintiffs or misrepresented by Defendants. Motion to Dismiss at 4-5 [Docket No. 57]; Motion for Summary Judgment at 2-3 [Docket No. 110].
To state a claim for common law fraud, Plaintiffs must allege (1) that Defendants made a material false representation, (2) that they knew was false at the time of the representation, (3) but Plaintiffs did not, (4) with the intent that Plaintiffs would rely on it, and (5) Plaintiffs justifiably relied on it to their detriment. See Venture Inv. Co. v. Schaefer, 478 F.2d 156, 158 (10th Cir.1973); Coors v. Sec. Life of Denver Ins. Co., 112 P.3d 59, 66 (Colo. 2005); Nelson v. Gas Research Inst., 121 P.3d 340, 344 (Colo.Ct.App.2005). Here, the First Amended Complaint contains allegations as to each of these elements, which, when taken as true, support a claim for common law fraud. First Amended Complaint at 7-8, ¶¶ 40-47 [Docket No. 49].
Shifrin also denies the veracity of Plaintiffs’ allegations and attempts to argue that he was not involved, in part, by attaching an affidavit from Defendant Green and by implicating Third-Party Defendant Jennifer Fry. Motion for Summary Judgment at 2 [Docket No. 110]; Affidavit of Matthew Green [Docket No. 110-2], Although the record is less than clear as to Defendant Shifrin’s overall involvement in the alleged conduct, the Court determines that Plaintiffs have sufficiently created a factual dispute as to Defendant Shifrin’s culpability.
More specifically, Plaintiffs allege that Defendants used false advertising and misrepresented their costs such that Plaintiffs were fraudulently induced into signing loan contracts with higher payments than they requested and had been promised. Response to Motion to Dismiss at Exhibits E-G [Docket Nos. 80-6 through -8]. Plaintiffs contend and provide evidence that Jupiter Lending and Defendant Johnson worked in tandem with loan processors, including Defendants Green and Shifrin, under the name Mile High, and that both businesses used the same phone numbers, offices, and similar advertising. Id. at 4 & Exhibits A-C, E & O [Docket Nos. 80, 80-2 through 80-4, 80-6 & 80-16], They allege and provide supporting evidence that Defendant Shifrin worked for Mile High at the Jupiter Lending location and that he had access to Mile High’s bank accounts. They further assert that Defendant Shifrin controlled a bank account under that name. Id. at 8 & Exhibits C, O-R [Docket Nos. 80, 80^, 80-16 through -18], They also allege that as a result of closing of the two loans at issue, a YSP was paid to Mile High, and that Defendant Shifrin likely controlled the receipt and deposit of those payments. Id. at Exhibits F & O-Q [Docket Nos. 80-7 & 80-16 through -18]. Finally, Plaintiffs provide evidence that Defendant Shifrin “hijacked” the name Mile High for his own benefit and gain, such that any YSP payments made were provided to Shifrin, not Third-Party Defendant Jennifer Fry. Id. at Exhibits O-R [Docket Nos. 80-16 through -19].
Plaintiffs have sufficiently stated a claim for relief in their First Amended Complaint such that outright dismissal is inappropriate. Moreover, considering the disputed facts at issue, this claim is not appropriate for summary judgment. Fed. R.Civ.P. 12(b)(6) & 56.
IV. Conclusion
As to Claim I, because I find that the RE SPA claim is barred by the expiration of the statute of limitations, I RECOMMEND that the Motion to Dismiss and the Motion for Summary Judgment be granted as to Defendant Shifrin only. As to Claims II and III, because I find that Plaintiffs have sufficiently stated claims for relief in their First Amended Complaint and that there remain genuine issues of material fact, I RECOMMEND that the Motion to Dismiss and the Motion for Summary Judgement be denied as to those claims. Accordingly, Defendant Shifrin shall file his Answer to the Second and Third Claims for Relief in the First Amended Complaint on or before February 18, 2008. I further RECOMMEND that Plaintiffs’ claims against Defendant Green be dismissed with prejudice for failure to prosecute, pursuant to Fed.R.Civ.P. 41(b).
Pursuant to Fed.R.Civ.P. 72, the parties shall have ten (10) days after service of this Recommendation to serve and file any written objections in order to obtain reconsideration by the District Judge to whom this case is assigned. A party’s failure to serve and file specific, written objections waives de novo review of the recommendation by the District Judge, Fed.R.Civ.P. 72(b); Thomas v. Arn, 474 U.S. 140, 147-48, 106 S.Ct. 466, 88 L.Ed.2d 435 (1985), and also waives appellate review of both factual and legal questions. Makin v. Colo. Dep’t of Corr., 183 F.3d 1205, 1210 (10th Cir.1999); Talley v. Hesse, 91 F.3d 1411, 1412-13 (10th Cir.1996). A party’s objections to this Recommendation must be both timely and specific to preserve an issue for de novo review by the District Court or for appellate review. United States v. One Parcel of Real Prop., 73 F.3d 1057, 1060 (10th Cir.1996).
. More recently, Shifrin as obtained counsel. (■See Entry of Appearance [# 146], filed February 14, 2008.)
. As noted by the magistrate judge, plaintiffs made two attempts to file a motion for entry of default against Green, both of which were properly rejected by tire Clerk of the Court for various infirmities. For reasons known only to themselves, plaintiffs failed to correct these deficiencies prior to the time Green filed his belated answer.
. The Motion for Summary Judgment was filed by Defendant Shifrin after he brought claims against Jennifer Fry as a Third-Party Defendant. It raises substantially the same arguments as those found in his Motion to Dismiss and will be discussed in tandem with that motion. Plaintiffs filed a response to the Motion for Summary Judgment wherein they incorporated their earlier response to the Motion to Dismiss in its entirety [Docket Nos. 80 & 120],
. Negative amortization occurs whenever the loan payment for any period is less than the interest charged over that period, so that the outstanding balance of the loan increases.
. On January 11, 2008, the Court ordered Plaintiffs to show cause by January 31, 2008 why their case should not be dismissed as to Defendant Green due to failure to prosecute [Docket No. 129]. This was the second order to show cause relating to Green [Docket No. 65], Plaintiffs moved for default judgment as to Green on January 24, 2008 [Docket No. 130] and moved for entry of default as to Green on January 25, 2008 [Docket No. 132], Both motions were denied for procedural deficiencies [Docket Nos. 131 & 133], and default has not been entered against Green. In addition, Plaintiffs failed to show cause by January 31, 2008 why their claims against Green should not be dismissed for failure to prosecute. Although Green failed to answer the Amended Complaint, respond to subpoenas, or participate in discovery, Plaintiffs have failed to successfully prosecute their case against him. Given that a jury trial is scheduled to commence on March 3, 2008, the Court recommends that Plaintiffs' case against Green be dismissed with prejudice pursuant to Fed.RXiv.P. 41(b) and D.C. Colo. L. Civ. R. 41.1.
. To the extent Defendant Shifrin raises a statute of limitations defense to Claim I in his Motion to Dismiss, and Plaintiffs attach affidavits and documents not a part of or referred to by the First Amended Complaint, the Court will consider the allegation involving the statute of limitations pursuant to the standards regarding entry of summary judgment.
See Alexander v. Oklahoma, 382 F.3d 1206,-1213-15 (10th Cir.2004); see also Alvarado v. KOB-TV, LLC, 493 F.3d 1210, 1215-16 (10th Cir.2007). The Court also notes that many of the documents attached to Plaintiffs’ Response relate to substantive arguments regarding the merits of Claims II and III, and likely convert the entire Motion to Dismiss into one for summary judgment. However, in the interest of thoroughness, the Court will analyze Claims II and III under both the motion to dismiss and the summary for judgment standards.
. The Tenth Circuit does not appear to have decided the issue, but it has held that the TILA statute, which is similarly worded, is subject to equitable tolling. In re Lewis, No. KS-05-022, 2006 WL 1308352, at *9 (10th Cir. May 4, 2006) (unpublished decision). While many courts have held that the RESPA statute of limitations may be equitably tolled, at least one court has disagreed. Compare Lawyers Title Ins. Corp. v. Dearborn Title Corp., 118 F.3d 1157, 1166-67 (7th Cir.1997); Mullinax v. Radian Guaranty Inc., 199 F.Supp.2d 311, 325 (M.D.N.C.2002) (RESPA statute of limitations may be equitably tolled), with Hardin v. City Title & Escrow Co., 797 F.2d 1037, 1039-41 (D.C.Cir.1986) (RESPA statute of limitations is jurisdictional and may not be equitably tolled). The prevailing opinion across the Circuits appears to be that similar to TILA, the RESPA statute of limitations can be equitably tolled.
. But see Estate of Henderson ex rel. Johnson v. Mentage Mortgage Corp., 293 F.Supp.2d 830, 835-36 (N.D.Ill.2003) (noting that given the now-deceased borrower's lack of ability to comprehend her injury due to advanced Alzheimer’s disease, the date of accrual of her RESPA and TILA claims would be the date of her estate's discovery of those alleged injuries and applying federal discovery rule as an equitable tolling mechanism).
. The Court also considered whether the relation back doctrine, regarding amendment of a complaint to add a party pursuant to Fed. R.Civ.P. 15(c), would abrogate the statute of limitations defense. Rule 15(c) provides that an amendment which adds a party relates back to the original date of the pleading when the claim against the new party arises out of the same transaction of the original pleading, the new party had notice of the action and knew or should have known the action should be brought against him. Fed.R.Civ.P. 15(c); Watson v. Unipress, 733 F.2d 1386, 1389 (10th Cir.1984); 6A Charles Alan Wright, Arthur R. Miller, Mary Kay Kane, Federal Practice and Procedure §§ 1498, 1499, at 139-52 (2d ed.1990). Because Plaintiffs have provided no evidence of Defendant Shifrin's actual or constructive notice of the action within the statute of limitations period, the Court is unable to find that the requirements of Rule 15(c) are satisfied here.
. The Court notes that although Defendant Shifrin discusses both RESPA and TILA, the First Amended Complaint does not allege a TILA violation.
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CASELAW
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Sorcerer
Sorcerer may refer to:
Magic
* Sorcerer (supernatural), a practitioner of magic that derives from supernatural or occult sources
* Sorcerer (fantasy), a fictional character who uses or practices magic that derives from supernatural or occult sources
Film
* The Sorceror (film), a 1932 German film
* The Sorcerers, a 1967 British science fiction horror film
* Sorcerer (film), a 1977 American thriller film
* Highlander III: The Sorcerer, a 1994 American fantasy action film
Games
* Sorcerer (board game), a 1975 board wargame
* Sorcerer (Dungeons & Dragons), a character class in the game Dungeons & Dragons
* Sorcerer (pinball), a 1985 pinball machine
* Sorcerer (role-playing game), a 2002 tabletop role playing game made by Ron Edwards
* Sorcerer (video game), a 1984 interactive fiction computer game made by Infocom
Music
* Sorcerer (band), a Swedish epic doom band from Stockholm
* Sorcerer (Miles Davis album), 1967
* Sorcerer (soundtrack), performed by Tangerine Dream for the film of the same name
* "Sorcerer" (Stevie Nicks song), a 1984 song used in the film Streets of Fire
* The Sorcerer, an 1877 comic opera by Gilbert and Sullivan
* The Sorcerer (album), a 1967 album by Gábor Szabó
* "The Sorcerer", a song by Herbie Hancock from his album Speak Like a Child
Animals
* Sorcerer (horse) (1796–1821), British Thoroughbred racehorse
* Sorcerer (moth), of the family Noctuidae
Computing
* Exidy Sorcerer, a home computer system released in 1978
Other uses
* The Sorcerer (cave art), cave painting in 'The Sanctuary' cavern, Ariège, France
* The Dark Tower: The Sorcerer, a comic book
* The Sorceror, a 2002 fantasy novel by Troy Denning
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WIKI
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Ancient Art at Met Raises Old Ethical Questions
Metropolitan Museum's sumptuous exhibit of Mesopotamian antiquities includes Naram-Sin limestone fragment that was unknown until it surfaced in home of New York collector four years ago, illustrating ambiguous, often murky, world in which such objects are traded; debate becomes more pointed with recent looting in Iraq; photos of three objects in Met show, only one of which has clear provenance; museum director Philippe de Montebello says that even objects without clear records may come from legitimate sources, such as longstanding private collections; experts say including such objects abets illicit trade that destroys archaeological sites; unclear history of Naram-Sin fragment, involving collector Jonathan P Rosen, archaeologist Donald P Hansen and Met curator Joan Aruz, explained (M)
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Warwickshire Championships
The Warwickshire Championships, also known as the Warwickshire County Championships, was a men's and women's grass court tennis tournament held at Leamington Spa, Warwickshire, England. It was founded on 1 August 1882 and held until 1931 as part of the pre-open era tennis tour. As of 2023, the tournament is staged as a local county championship.
History
The Warwickshire Championships were established on 1 August 1882, and first staged at Jephson Gardens. At the same meeting held in August 1882, a dual tournament called the Leamington Open Tournament (1882–1931) was staged.
At the inaugural Warwickshire Championships, the Warwickshire men's singles was won by Mr. Erskine Gerald Watson (brother of Maud Watson), the Warwickshire men's doubles was won by Mr. G.S. Raynor and Mr. Edward Lake Williams, the Warwickshire women's doubles was won by Miss. J.C. Kay and Miss. W.E. Graham, and the Warwickshire pairs was won by Erskine Gerald Watson and Maud Watson.
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WIKI
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-- Pakistan Beats England in 2nd Cricket Test to Clinch Series
Pakistan beat top-ranked England by
72 runs in their second cricket Test in Abu Dhabi to take an
unbeatable 2-0 lead in the best-of-three contest. Abdul Rehman took 6-25 as England, chasing 145 for the
victory, collapsed to 72 all out -- its lowest Test score
against Pakistan -- after 36.1 overs on day four. Captain Andrew Strauss (32) and Matt Prior (18) were the only England batsmen
to reach double figures. “I wish I could explain it,” Strauss said afterwards.
“We came up short, but ultimately you’ve got to congratulate
Pakistan. They were outstanding. After Monty Panesar’s 6-62 helped to bowl Pakistan out for
214, England lost Alastair Cook, Ian Bell , Kevin Pietersen and
Eoin Morgan in the first 21 overs before tea. The remaining
wickets fell in less than 15 overs, with Rehman claiming four. “That was a much-needed victory for us,” Pakistan captain
Misbah-ul-Huq said. “It was a wonderful team effort, everyone
performed, everyone put 100 percent effort in.” Azhar Ali top-scored for Pakistan with 68, teaming with
Asad Shafiq for an 88-run, fifth-wicket stand. Shafiq scored 43. The third Test in Dubai starts Feb. 3. To contact the reporter on this story:
Bob Bensch in London at
bbensch@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Christopher Elser at
celser@bloomberg.net
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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West Neighbourhood House
West Neighbourhood House (formerly The St. Christopher House, which remains its legal name) is a multi-service neighbourhood centre serving west downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada since 1912. The non-profit charitable organization provides a wide range of programs to all age groups in downtown west Toronto. St. Christopher House integrates community development approaches with direct delivery of social services. The community served by St. Christopher House includes the diverse immigrant and mixed income neighbourhoods of Trinity Bellwoods, Niagara, Palmerston/Little Italy, Little Portugal, Dufferin Grove, Parkdale, Liberty-Exhibition and Roncesvalles.
History
St. Christopher House was founded on June 12, 1912 by Sir James Woods (died 1941) in Kensington Market in Toronto. St. Christopher House was one of Toronto's original neighbourhood centres and was part of the "settlement house" movement that began with the creation of Toynbee Hall in London, England.
In 2013, St. Christopher House served approximately 22,000 individuals with 206 part-time and full-time staff and 1,400 volunteers. St. Christopher House was also involved in social policy development, including the Task Force for Modernizing Income Security for Working-Age Adults co-led with the Toronto City Summit Alliance (now CivicAction) as well as partnering with the Centre for Urban and Community Studies at the University of Toronto for the community research/policy project: Neighbourhood Change: Building Inclusive Communities. In May 2012, unionized employees went on strike.
Mission and guiding principles
The agency describes its mission as follows:
St. Christopher House's mission is to enable less-advantaged individuals, families and groups in the community to gain greater control over their lives and within their community.
St. Christopher House will work in partnership with the community to promote personal and social change in order to achieve a safe, healthy and accepting society for all. To this end, we will work with our resources and the strengths of the community to: build bridges within and across communities; promote access to full participation in society by addressing barriers such as illiteracy, inadequate incomes, unaffordable housing, and discrimination of all types; assist people to meet individual and family needs; provide the tools and opportunities for people to control their own lives and to take on leadership in the community; and to advocate for changes in social systems that will ensure dignity, quality of life, and equal opportunities for all.
For children and youth
After-school and day camp programs, pre-school and youth programs, health promotion and drug awareness programs, the music school, Toronto Youth Job Corps, family violence counseling and support, parenting support and advocacy programs as well as the Community Parenting Outreach Program in Parkdale.
For adults
Programs in these areas:
* Learning Programs
* Employment Programs
* Programs for Newcomers
* Computer and Internet Programs
* Drop Ins
* Violence Against Women and Children
* Alcohol and Drug Prevention Programs
* Money
For seniors and persons with disabilities
* Meals
* Alzheimer and Frail Elderly Day Programs
* Social Work
* Recreation and Education
* In-Home Services and Transportation
* Caregiver Services
The agency operates a wheelchair bus.
Affiliations
St. Christopher House is part of the Toronto Neighbourhood Centres, Canadian Association of Neighbourhood Services and International Federation of Settlements.
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WIKI
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Hôtel de Castries
The Hôtel de Castries is an hôtel particulier in the 7th arrondissement of Paris, at 72 Rue de Varenne. Dating from the end of the 17th and beginning of the 18th century, it was profoundly transformed by the Duke of Castries between 1843 and 1863, under the architects Joseph-Antoine Froelicher and François Clément Joseph Parent.
It is a property of the state. As of August 2022, it is the office of the Government Spokesman.
Hôtel de Nogent
The hôtel was originally built around the end of the 17th century by Jean Dufour, seigneur de Nogent. Typical of residences of this time, it had a courtyard forming a perfect square and two wings projecting off a central body to form a U, all of the same height. Slate-roofed, each of the wings had a passage running through it, with that on the left (preserved today) leading to the kitchens and that on the right to the stables.
In the right wing was to be found an antechamber, a grand staircase, a dining room, another room of the stables, and an attic. The left wing also contained a staircase with iron stair rods, three small rooms, another room, and another attic. The central body contained a double-height (i.e. filling the ground and first floors) great hall and four other rooms.
Alterations by the marquis de Castries
On 27 September 1708, Jean Dufour's widow, Angélique Guyner, sold the hôtel to Jean François de La Croix de Castries (1663-1728), first marquis de Castries, who bought it with an inheritance from his uncle the cardinal of Bonzi (?-1703), archbishop of Narbonne. That inheritance also meant he could afford to spend 20,000 livres on rebuilding of the house and expansion of its gardens from 1708 to 1714. The Castries family held onto it until the end of the 19th century. On his death, the building was rented in 1729 to Charles Armand de Gontaut-Biron (1663-1756), for 7,500 livres a year.
Embellishments by the marshal de Castries
In 1743, the marquis's third son, Charles Eugène Gabriel de La Croix de Castries (1727-1801), future marshal of France, recuperated at the family hôtel and installed himself there before his marriage to Gabrielle Isabeau Thérèse de Rozet de Rocozel de Fleury, daughter of the first duc de Fleury. A 1761 inheritance from his uncle the Marshal of Belle-Isle left Charles to with a huge fortune, and allowed him to initiate grand works on the hôtel's interior decoration, led by the sculptor Jacques Verberckt. A new gate onto the street was built by Jacques-Antoine Payen in 1762, which may still be seen, and the two wings were linked by a high wall surmounted by a balustrade. In 1778, Adrien-Louis de Bonnieres, duc de Guines (1735-1806), rented part of this mansion, and he died here at the age of seventy-one.
Additions by the second duke of Castries
During the French Revolution, the hôtel was seized as one of the goods of an émigré and assigned to the ministry of war.
In 1842, on the death of his father, the second duke of Castries, Edmond Eugène Philippe Hercule de La Croix de Castries (1787-1866) undertook important restoration and transformation work on the building, by then in a poor state, under the direction of Joseph-Antoine Froelicher between 1843 and 1863, then under the direction of his son-in-law, François Clément Joseph Parent, who directed the works until his death. It was these works that gave the building its present appearance.
As early as 1851, the duke of Castries took tenants: the Clermont-Tonnerres et les La Rochefoucauld-Liancourts occupied the left wing; at the beginning of the Second French Empire, the Lestrades, the Saint-Aignans, the Laguiches and the comte de Beaumont all had apartments in the hôtel de Castries.
After the Castries
On the death of the second duke of Castries, the hôtel passed to his nephew Edmond Charles Auguste de La Croix de Castries. On his death in 1886, his widow remarried, to vicomte Emmanuel d’Harcourt, who sold the hôtel de Castries to the Montgermonts. The hôtel was therefore lived in by prince Louis de Broglie, the comtesse de la Roche-Aymon, and the comte de Castellane, who rented the ground floor and garden in 1936.
In 1946, the Domaines requisitioned the hôtel to house the Ministry of Agriculture. Several other ministries later occupied the building, including the Fonction Publique and its present occupiers the Ministry of Housing and Cities.
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WIKI
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Maths in a minute: Probability distributions
Probability distributions describe processes that can have more than one outcome which you can't be sure about in advance. An example is rolling a die. There are six possible outcomes, namely the numbers 1 up to 6. As long as the die is fair, these are all equally likely to happen — you're just as likely to roll a 1, say, as you are to roll a 6. This means you have a $100/6\approx 16.6\% $ chance of rolling any one number, which translates to a probability of $0.166.$ And that's your probability distribution: it tells you the probability of each of the possible outcomes of the process. You can visualise this using a histogram:
Histogram
A histogram visualising the distribution associated to rolling a die. The probability of rolling each of the six possible numbers is 1/6=0.166.
What we've just considered is an example of a uniform distribution, one for which each outcome is equally likely so that the histogram is flat. Of course there are many processes for which this isn't the case. If you roll two dice and add the numbers they show, then you've got 11 possible outcomes (the numbers 2 up to 12) and not all are equally likely. Because a lot of different combinations can give you a final result of 7 (1 and 6, 2 and 5, etc), you're much more likely to end up with a 7 than you are to end up with a 2, which only happens when both dice show a 1.
Here is the histogram visualising this distribution. Probability histograms can be drawn in such a way that the area of the rectangle above each possible outcome is equal to the probability of this outcome. This is useful: to get a sense of the probability of either one of two outcomes occurring (say 2 or 3) you simply look at the combined area of the corresponding two rectangles.
Histogram
A histogram visualising the distribution associated to rolling two dice and adding up the results.
In these two examples, the random variable we are interested in — which stands for the different possible outcomes of our rolls of the die or dice — can only take on integer values. It's a discrete variable. This isn't always the case. If, for example, you would like to know the chance that a person you randomly picked from the population has a certain height, then your variable is continuous: the height can be any real number within the range of possible human heights.
In this case, you can imagine the distribution of the probabilities being visualised by a curve, such as the one shown below (this is actually the famous normal distribution, which you can read more about here). In keeping with our histograms above, where the area of the rectangles represent probabilities, the probability of our random variable lying in a particular interval is represented by the area under the curve above that interval. A curve representing probabilities in this way (or rather the mathematical formula that describes it) is called a probability density function.
Normal distribution
A normal distribution representing the women's height (using information from Our world in data). The mean of this distribution is 1.647m, and also happens to be the median. The probability of a random woman having a height in a given interval is given by the area under the curve exactly above the interval.
One thing that can be a little puzzling about this set-up is that the probability of your random variable taking on one particular value — for example that a random person is exactly 1.7m tall — is zero. That's because the area that sits exactly above a single value on the horizontal axis is just a line, which has zero area. The probability being zero can be explained in terms of the way infinity lurks within the continuum that is the real line. And intuitively it's ok too: in practice we'll never be able to distinguish someone with a height of 1.7m from someone with a height of 1.7001m, so all we're ever going to be interested in is the probability that someone's height falls within a given measurable range. And for that our probability density function is perfectly suitable.
The height y of the bell curve above a given value x on the horizontal axis, such as x=1.7m, in this case isn't the probability the random variable will take on the value x. But it does still give you information on how likely it is for values of the random variable to cluster around x: the larger y, the larger the area of the region under the curve sitting above an interval centred on x. Therefore, the larger y, the larger the chance that the random variable takes on values clustering near x.
Now we've got that sorted out, here's a big question: given a process that's more complex than just rolling a couple of dice, how are you ever going to know the associated probability distribution? Luckily, there are various families of distributions that apply to certain types of set-ups. They are clearly defined by mathematics and can be calibrated to fit a whole range of situation you might want to consider in practice. Here are a few famous examples.
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• Want facts and want them fast? Our Maths in a minute series explores key mathematical concepts in just a few words.
• As COP28, the 2023 United Nations Climate Change Conference, kicks off we look at how maths can help understand the climate crisis.
• How do you create dramatic film out of mathematics? We find out with writer and director Timothy Lanzone.
• Mathematics plays a central role in understanding how infectious diseases spread. This collection of articles looks at some basic concepts in epidemiology to help you understand this fascinating and important field, and set you up for further study.
• Find out why the formula we use to work out conditional probabilities is true!
• We talk about a play that explores the fascinating mathematical collaboration between the mathematicians GH Hardy and Srinivasa Ramanujan.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Asian Table Tennis Championships
The Asian Table Tennis Championships is a biennial table tennis tournament regarded as continental championships by International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF). From 1952 to 1972, the tournament was organized by the Table Tennis Federation of Asia (TTFA). The Asian Table Tennis Union (ATTU) started its own Asian Championships due to split between national table tennis associations in Asia.
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WIKI
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These 4 GoPro Inc. Numbers Should Worry Fitbit Inc. Investors
Despite selling different products, Fitbit and GoPro have been sold off together since the beginning of the year. Both stocks are now down about 40% in 2016 on fears that their lack of product diversification and moats could cause sales to plummet. GoPro's fourth-quarter sales warning on Jan. 13 also caused Fitbit shares to fall nearly 5% the following day.
Image source: Company websites.
Fitbit bulls will argue that it's silly to sell the stock on GoPro's woes, especially when holiday sales were seemingly sweet for Fitbit but sour for GoPro. But Fitbit bears will highlight the troublesome similarities between both companies.
Let's discuss four of GoPro's numbers that should worry Fitbit investors.
1. GoPro's sales growth in 2013: 87%
When GoPro filed for its IPO in May 2014, it reported that its 2013 sales surged 87% annually. Last February, it reported that 2014 sales had slowed to 41% growth, but no one seemed too worried. But earlier this month, GoPro warned that its 2015 sales would only rise 15%. Analysts now expect that figure to flatten to 0.6% in 2016 due to the commoditization of its core action camera market.
Fitbit's growth trajectory looks similar. Its revenue grew 255% in 2013 and 178% in 2014, but analysts expect that growth to have slowed to 144% in 2015 and rise just 33% in 2016. That big decline in sales will likely be caused by smartwatches with health tracking features and cheaper basic fitness trackers flooding the market. Between the third quarters of 2014 and 2015, Fitbit's market share in the global wearables market fell from 32.8% to 22.2%, according to IDC.
2. Total number of GoPro devices: 6
Last year, GoPro diversified its product line with three new cameras -- the Hero 4 Session (originally $400, now $200 ), the Hero+ LCD ($300), and the Hero+ ($200) -- which doubled its portfolio to six devices priced between $130 to $500. But as seen with GoPro's preliminary 2015 sales, that scattergun strategy didn't boost sales to acceptable levels.
Fitbit has been doing the same thing. In late 2014 and early 2015, it launched three "premium" devices -- the Surge, Charge, and Charge HR -- which offered more smartwatch-like features than its basic Flex, One, and Zip activity trackers. To Fitbit's credit, that shift was fairly effective, since 79% of its sales came from those three premium devices last quarter.
Fitbit Blaze. Image source: Fitbit.
But in early January, Fitbit launched the Blaze, a $200 smartwatch which lacked a developed app ecosystem and wasn't competitively priced against similar devices. Those weaknesses caused some analysts to predict that the Blaze would flop. Launching the Blaze also indicates that Fitbit doesn't have much faith that the Surge, Charge, and Charge HR can keep competing against smartwatches. As a result, Fitbit is using the same clumsy scattergun strategy that sank GoPro last year, and the Blaze could be its equivalent of GoPro's Session.
3. GoPro's inventory: $289.5 million
Speaking of the Session, that little camera caused GoPro's inventory to surge 89% annually to $289.5 million, its highest level ever, last quarter. That steep rise explains why GoPro slashed the Session's price in half, why the devices appeared on flash sales sites during the holidays, and why CEO Nick Woodman appeared on home shopping network QVC in a desperate bid to unload them.
We see a similar problem with Fitbit's inventory. Last quarter, Fitbit's inventory rose 140% annually to $276.1 million in preparation for the holiday shopping season. While initial reports regarding Fitbit sales have been positive, we won't know just how many devices were sold until it reports its fourth-quarter and full-year earnings. Even if Fitbit clears out a lot of its inventory during the holidays, the Blaze, which could be a tough sell, might cause that figure to climb again.
4. GoPro's P/E: 9
As of this writing, the market values GoPro at just 9 times trailing earnings. Fitbit still has a P/E of 30. This means if the market is tossing GoPro and Fitbit into the same basket, Fitbit shares could plummet to the single digits before matching GoPro's valuation.
Fitbit's bottom-line growth hasn't been encouraging, either. Last quarter, Fitbit's GAAP net income fell 33.5% due to the recall of the Fitbit Force and stock-based compensation. On a non-GAAP basis, net income more than doubled, but its gross margin fell from 53.9% to 48.3% due to higher R&D and marketing expenses. Since Fitbit will need to spend more heavily to fend off its potential rivals, those margins will likely decline and impact its earnings.
The key takeaway
Fitbit looks troubled, but not all hope is lost. It might carve out a niche in sports performance devices, and its corporate wellness partnerships might boost enterprise shipments. Nonetheless, investors shouldn't dismiss its similarities to GoPro, since it could follow the action camera maker down the same path of plummeting sales.
The next billion-dollar iSecret
The world's biggest tech company forgot to show you something at its recent event, but a few Wall Street analysts and the Fool didn't miss a beat: There's a small company that's powering their brand-new gadgets and the coming revolution in technology. And we think its stock price has nearly unlimited room to run for early, in-the-know investors! To be one of them, just click here .
The article These 4 GoPro Inc. Numbers Should Worry Fitbit Inc. Investors originally appeared on Fool.com.
Leo Sun has no position in any stocks mentioned. The Motley Fool owns shares of and recommends GoPro. Try any of our Foolish newsletter services free for 30 days . We Fools may not all hold the same opinions, but we all believe that considering a diverse range of insights makes us better investors. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy .
Copyright © 1995 - 2016 The Motley Fool, LLC. All rights reserved. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy .
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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User:Jadjweinat
Jad Jweinat was born in Mafraq on 28 February 1983, After completing his elementary education in Mafraq, he was educated at Al Al-Bayt University, Jordan.
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WIKI
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Page:Tropical Diseases.djvu/377
XX] dry. Pneumonic plague, not being spread by the flea, is not influenced by temperature in this way (see p. 344).
Bionomics of the rat-flea.—In ordinary circumstances the rat-flea completes its developmental cycle in fourteen days to three weeks, but in warm, damp weather this may be shortened to ten days. The average life of a flea, apart from its host, is about ten days, but it is capable of remaining alive without food for two months, should the temperature of the
Tropical Diseases - Fig 69.png
air be low at the time. In tropical temperatures the insect can harbour the plague bacillus without feeding on blood for forty-five days.
Apart from the very serious danger arising from vermin affected with chronic plague, which may hang about a house for a long time, it would appear that the house itself does not retain the infection for any length of time. The Plague Commission has shown that floors of cow-dung if contaminated with Bacillus pestis do not remain very infective for more
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Expert Guide: Our Science-Based Look At Beta-Alanine
Beta-alanine is a supplement for people looking to improve their workout performance, build endurance and increase their lean body mass.
Can beta-alanine make you alpha, or is it best suited for the bargain bin? I'm here to help you cut through the gym gossip and get to true science. Let's bust out beta-alanine and learn about this unique supplement.
First off, what the heck is Beta-alanine? It's a beta amino acid that's naturally occurring, but it's not found in food on its own. Instead, it's part of peptide groups like carnosine, anserine and balenine, which we consume from meat, fish and poultry. It is also part of vitamin B-5.
Are you feeling alpha or beta today?
Are you feeling alpha or beta today?
Top Of The Amino Chain
One of beta-alanine's main purposes in is to form carnosine in skeletal muscle. Carnosine is made through the combination of beta-alanine and the amino acid histidine. The more beta-alanine available, the more carnosine will be synthesized. Supplementing with beta-alanine has been suggested to increase muscle carnosine concentrations!
What's so great about more carnosine? It acts as a buffer in muscles to help reduce acid build-up during exercise. It also acts as a scavenger of free radicals in muscle. During high-intensity muscle contractions, acid, free radicals and other metabolic byproducts accumulate. This build-up impairs further contractions and contributes to muscle fatigue.
Carnosine acts as a buffer to help reduce the acid and free radicals and ensure that muscular contractions can continue. The effect of increasing carnosine is so powerful that supplementing with beta-alanine has been suggested to promote enhanced exercise performance by supporting the anaerobic threshold, boosting muscular endurance and improving the performance of muscle contractions.
Beta-alanine won't increase absolute 1-rep-max strength. But by increasing the anaerobic threshold and muscular endurance, it may help you complete more reps with a given weight over time. This was suggested in a study of college football players in which beta-alanine supplementation decreased perceptions of fatigue and increased total training volume.
An increase in training volume may be able to enhance muscle mass and strength gains from a resistance training program through increased overload on the muscles. Many people think of overload as the amount of weight being used, but increasing volume is another way to overload the muscles.
On this note, there is limited research that supports beta-alanine's ability to increase lean body mass relative to placebo.
Endurance folding on you? Next time stack the deck with beta-alanine.
Take These, Call Me In Six Weeks
Several different dosing strategies have been used with beta-alanine. To ensure you receive the best dose to support performance and increase lean body mass, I suggest using 6g per day spread into four, 1.5g doses for the first 3 weeks, and then 3g per day spread into two 1.5g doses thereafter.
It appears that muscle carnosine concentrations respond to beta-alanine regardless of when it's consumed. What's more important is to spread out four 1.5g doses during the first 3 weeks of loading.
As for combining beta-alanine with other supplements, it's been suggested that the former might work synergistically with creatine for increasing muscle carnosine concentrations, improving exercise performance, and enhancing lean body mass gains in response
to training.
While there's no direct research examining beta-alanine supplementation in conjunction with Citrulline Malate, it is tempting to suggest that the two may work synergistically. They both improve exercise performance by acting as a buffer against acid build-up - and they seem to act through different mechanisms. I hope to see more research on simultaneous supplementation with beta-alanine and Citrulline in the future.
Beta-alanine is relatively new to the supplement market, so time will tell if there are any long-term side effects from supplementation. At the moment, the only documented side effect from beta-alanine supplementation is mild paresthesia, which is a tingling sensation on the skin. This is thought to be from beta-alanine interacting with skin nerves. While paresthesia may be somewhat uncomfortable, it's not dangerous.
Basically, beta-alanine seems to be a useful and exciting new supplement. It's also safe, effective, affordable and can easily be stacked with other supplements for enhanced benefits.
Forget the bargain bin. Beta-alanine should be in your alpha stack.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Edit Article
wikiHow to Add a Preferred Language on a Mac
Changing the preferred language on your Mac computer will change the language displayed in menus, apps, and websites. If the language you're adding uses a different input method than your keyboard, you'll be prompted to add it. Changes won't take effect until your computer is restarted.
Steps
1. 1
Click the Apple menu. This is in the upper-left corner of the screen.
2. 2
Click the "System Preferences" option. If a menu other than the main System Preferences menu opens, click the "Show All" button at the top of the window. The button is a grid of 12 dots.
3. 3
Click "Language & Region."
4. 4
Click "+" underneath the "Preferred languages" list.
5. 5
Click the language that you want to add.
• Languages below the line in the list are not fully supported by macOS, and may not show in all menus and apps.
6. 6
Click the "Add" button.
7. 7
Click the language you want to use as your primary. You can choose to continue using your original language or select the new language.
8. 8
Click "Add Input Source" if new input sources are available. If you added a language that uses a different keyboard layout than your own, you'll be asked if you want to add it to your input sources. You can skip this if you don't plan on typing in that language.
9. 9
Click and drag a language to change the primary language. Moving a language to the top of the "Preferred languages" list will make it the default language.
10. 10
Restart your Mac for your changes to take effect. Your language settings won't change in most menus and apps until your restart your computer.[1]
Community Q&A
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If this question (or a similar one) is answered twice in this section, please click here to let us know.
Article Info
Categories: Mac
In other languages:
Español: añadir un idioma preferido en una Mac
Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 3,237 times.
Is this article up to date?
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Talk:Wikispecies
.
Source required?
There is a tag that this stub lacks sources - this might help: http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikispecies Not sure if this is sufficient. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:32, 6 December 2006 (UTC).
Image Copyright
Hello, I am indeed holding the copyright for the article that I posted here before - sorry for not knowing how to indicate that. Thanks, Benedikt
* Maybe i missed something here, but AFAIK by posting something to wikipedia you are releasing it under the GFDL, and cant just decide to unrelease it. The bellman 05:44, 2004 Oct 27 (UTC)
Namespace
I moved the article back to the main namespace and changed the redirects. This is in line with the rest of the articles in Category:Wikimedia projects. References to Wikispecies should stay in the main namespace unless they want to cross over to the dark side ;). ∴ here…♠ 01:56, 8 November 2005 (UTC)
More info needed
For example to answer question what makes Wikispecies different from a biology-limited Wikipedia?--Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 06:06, 1 December 2005 (UTC)
* Agreed, more information and clarification is needed, but to answer your example question - Currently, Wikispecies is strictly limited to taxonomic hierarchies and the references which justify them, although interwiki links, images (only one allowed per page), and vernacular names are also included on some pages to better integrate with other Wikimedia projects. Prose and lengthy descriptive content is not included and belongs on the language-specific Wikipedias --Georgeryp 06:01, 22 May 2007 (UTC)
Logo
At one time, wasn't the logo for Wikispecies a bee?
That's what I wonder. Think it was around 2004 that it was the project's logo. Not sure about what happened to it. It would help if someone has a copy of that image.
* You're right, here we go: —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:13, 27 April 2007 (UTC).
Cleanup tag
Templates section has selfrefs - should be easy to fix SP-KP 16:46, 30 June 2006 (UTC)
* Thank you for your suggestion! When you feel an article needs improvement, please feel free to make whatever changes you feel are needed. Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone can edit almost any article by simply following the link at the top. You don't even need to log in! (Although there are some reasons why you might like to…) The Wikipedia community encourages you to be bold. Don't worry too much about making honest mistakes—they're likely to be found and corrected quickly. If you're not sure how editing works, check out how to edit a page, or use the sandbox to try out your editing skills. New contributors are always welcome. (which is impossible, since I already did so) Ucucha 17:38, 30 June 2006 (UTC)
What happened to Wikispecies.org?
There is a note saying that the domain Wikispecies.org was registered by some dude and then transferred over to the foundation, but it does not follow up on what happened to the wikispecies.org domain. Currently, it appears that wikispecies.org is just another parked domain "search" page. Unless the reason why it is not used is given, that domain should not be mentioned in this article. If it is mentioned, it should not be done so prominently. (I believe it is the first url ostensibly pointing to the wikispecies project in the article.)
Granted, I've not done research on who put it in the article, but it just strikes me as not fitting in.
SidShakal (talk) 00:36, 18 May 2008 (UTC)
* The domain is now registered by a domain squatter. Since its mention adds nothing to discussion of wikispecies itself, I'm deleting the domain reference from the article. Grothmag (talk) 23:17, 12 June 2008 (UTC)
* Ah, OhanaUnited undid my edit, correctly pointing out that the article indicates the "information" was transferred to the foundation, not the domain itself. My mistake! On the other hand, I'm not sure what the current section means, then. What information? The web content? The whois information? It's a little unclear, I think, and also not useful. Was wikispecies.org ever used, and is it worth recording every domain name change that a project undergoes during the planning stages if those domains are defunct?
* I'm inclined to remove the domain name again, unless we can add something about wikispecies' use during the time the domain was active. As it is, coming for information on wikispecies, the first thing I did was click on that link - perhaps that's just me.
* (I'd also like to change "co-ordinates" back to "co-ordinated", since everything else is in past tense there... and it's now a Foundation project, no?) Grothmag (talk) 18:06, 14 June 2008 (UTC)
* There's no point to remove the dead link if it did happen in the past. Just mention something like "now-defunct website" or similar. And sometimes you should be bold OhanaUnitedTalk page 00:48, 15 June 2008 (UTC)
* As there's no date or other useful historical information in this section, and no indication of just what Benedikt transferred to the Foundation, I'm going to be bold and chop that bit right out again. The only point I could see is establishing some sort of acknowledgement of priority to Benedikt, but since there are no dates, it reads oddly to say "Benedikt started a now-defunct website, then passed some unknown information to the Foundation". I hope my using an undo is inoffensive, then! Grothmag (talk) 22:31, 25 June 2008 (UTC)
Launch date
Not to be overly pedantic, but wouldn't [//species.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&dir=prev&action=history this] technically imply that the project was launched on 13 September 2004, and not the 14th? (First edit of Main Page was made at 22:06 UTC on 13 September 2004.) Incidentally, if you look at the revision itself, it might shed some light on the discussion in the previous section. - dcljr (talk) 10:43, 7 February 2013 (UTC)
* The editor responsible for that first edit is German. Germany apparently was observing daylight savings time on 13/14 September 2004. Local time for that edit would thus have been UTC+2, 00:06 14 September 2004. Plantdrew (talk) 17:26, 12 December 2013 (UTC)
A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 18:23, 15 May 2020 (UTC)
* Wikispecies screenshot.png
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WIKI
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Talk:Welfare fraud/Archive 1
Merge proposal - Welfare Queen
This should be merged with the welfare queen
I removed statements made by Qworty (banned editor) here.
* The idea of the "welfare queen" is a highly politicized and distinct concept in that use its use is often gendered and racially charged. An entry on welfare fraud should highlight cases of actual abuse. "Welfare queen" has a different social connotation. Njfuller (talk) 05:57, 5 March 2008 (UTC)
Merge tag was removed. Njfuller (talk) 01:03, 4
A worry statements removed here.
Welfare fraud includes not only fraud perpetrated by clients, but fraud perpetrated by providers and vendors. Like the 73 Million dollar Welfare Fraud settlement paid by Beth Israel Medical Center in 2005. Hospitals have been implicated in a wide variety of Medicaid fraud and abuse, ranging from inaccurate billing, to errors or falsifications in cost reports, to billing Medicaid before all other coverage has been exhausted.
* wiki newbie mnaking first comment***
To focus solely on the fraction of welfare fraud perpetrated by clients merely contributes to incorrect stereotypes of all welfare recipients as cheaters and sponges. --NetizenJ <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:18, 23 August 2008 (UTC)
This is a good point. I agree that this should be included in the article. Xhile (talk) 22:36, 3 January 2011 (UTC)
Example of welfare fraud
This example of fraud, with the 'mother of four or five' is very poor considering all the documented abuses that are available. This example gives the impression that any mother with four or five children is (a)receiving public assistance and (b) committing fraud by doing so. The same could be said of any corporation that takes advantage of tax-loopholes to avoid paying taxes. Using the rules to ones favor, in this example, having a large number of children, is not inherently fraudulent. An argument could be made that it is going against the spirit of the purpose of public assistance, but that's about it.
The myth of the welfare queen and the rampant abuses of the system have been shown to be largely nonexistent with the exception of a very small percentage of abusers. This topic should be related to other entries that reference political hyperbole, especially during election cycles. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 01:17, 24 September 2007 (UTC)
Merge tag
I've been working on the welfare queen article and noticed that the merge tag was added nearly a year ago by a "Retired user". There's been little discussion since that time, and unless people object, I plan on taking the tag down. I'll give it a couple weeks, so voice any concerns if there are any out there. Njfuller (talk) 22:33, 6 March 2008 (UTC)
* Merge tag removed. Njfuller (talk) 01:03, 4 April 2008 (UTC)
Accurate Statistics
I've been researching statistics on US welfare fraud. Accurate statistics are surprisingly difficult to find, and most of the opinion on the web is hearsay, and dare I say it, bigotry.
69% ?
I found this quote:
Edit: Testimony before House Ways & Means Committee CHILD CARE FRAUD - July 17, 2003 (with follow-up) [Back]
Statement of Michael G. Rice, President, United Council on Welfare Fraud "Fraud and Abuse in Government Child Care Assistance Programs"
Chairman Thomas, Congressman Rangel, members of the committee: On behalf of the United Council on Welfare Fraud, I wish to express my gratitude for the invitation to provide written and oral testimony for you today and for your concerns on the topic of welfare fraud and abuse, particularly in the area of child care assistance.
About the United Council on Welfare Fraud and the information provided today: For 32 years the major goal of the United Council on Welfare Fraud (UCOWF) has been to provide maximum effort towards the prevention, detection, elimination and prosecution of welfare fraud in its many forms and to effect recovery of taxpayer monies lost through waste, fraud and abuse in government programs designed to aid the needy. UCOWF’s membership currently consists of welfare investigators, administrators, and recovery specialists, as well as fraud prosecutors from 47 states, the District of Columbia and 7 Canadian provinces, establishing a network from Hawaii to Newfoundland.
Eighteen states had not been keeping statistics on child care fraud, but of them, several responded that the local county agencies administering the services did maintained fraud databases. In those states that did maintain detailed statistics, fraud was discovered in upwards of 69 percent of the investigations conducted with total annual discovered fraud amounts ranging from $10,000 to over $1 million.
The original link to this testimony is now broken.
HOWEVER http://www.ucowf.org/ is a private profit-making organisation. It is in their interests to inflate fraud figures and therefore I find it highly unlikely that their figure of "69%" is accurate. It might be possible to locate the full transcript and see if this figure was challenged.
* The 69% figure (not currently cited under this topic) refers only to welfare cases that were suspected of fraud and then investigated for it. It is unrelated to the overall rate of fraud.OriginalVirtue (talk) 08:22, 14 February 2012 (UTC)
YES THIS IS BEING SERIOUSLY MISINTERPRETED. when they say t hat 69 percent, they are only talking about 69 percent OF THE CASES THAT WERE INVESTIGATED. It does NOT mean 69 percent of welfare or childcare recipients! ONLY the cases they chose to investigate: of those, 69 percent proved to have some form of fraud, of any amount. Do you see? people on here and elsewhere, are not catching that distinction. THEY AREN'T INVESTIGATING VERY MANY RECIPIENTS. Just a small number. So of that number, it is just over half those suspected, who actually did any form of it. ok? it's really life threatening when millions of people see something like a false figure in wikipedia, shared around social media, and get mad and demand cuts in services for the poor. Meat Eating Orchid (talk) 15:48, 27 February 2020 (UTC)
24% ?
http://www.voiceofsandiego.org/fact/article_98889d8a-ed01-11df-a47b-001cc4c03286.html Investigates a claim for a much lower figure of 24% It's a good investigation and makes it clear that this report is inaccurate as the distinction is not made between a "discrepancy" (caused, say, by poor English) and outright fraud. So far this is the best figure I've been able to find which indicates that welfare fraud is probably less than 20%. However, I would say this is not good enough for Wikipedia?
It might be worth going through the House Ways and Means hearings but I haven't had time yet http://waysandmeans.house.gov/Hearings/
Some general welfare stats http://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/statcomps/supplement/2009/6a.html (but nothing on fraud)
Less than 2% ?
The most accurate figure I've yet found is from a House Ways and Means report: http://waysandmeans.house.gov/legacy/humres/107con/6-11-02/6-11find.htm
This is the figure I'll use in the article. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Xhile (talk • contribs) 00:12, 4 January 2011 (UTC)
* The way this link is cited could mislead the reader into thinking the 2% referred to the overall welfare program instead of just unemployment insurance. At a minimum, for clarity, "UI" should be spelled out. The information in this link is juxtaposed with the disputed 24% number originally from the Los Angeles Times, but the 24% does appear to refer to Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), which is what is normally considered to be the "welfare" program. OriginalVirtue (talk) 08:16, 14 February 2012 (UTC)
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WIKI
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How the POODLE Attack Spelled the End of SSL 3.0
Fri, 03 Jul 2020 - by Zbigniew Banach
The POODLE attack exploits protocol fallback from TLS to SSL 3.0 to reveal information from encrypted HTTPS communication. Discovered in 2014, this network attack demonstrated that SSL 3.0 should never be used again, not even as a legacy fallback. This article provides a high-level overview of the POODLE vulnerability and the fate of SSL 3.0.
How the POODLE Attack Spelled the End of SSL 3.0
The POODLE attack exploits protocol fallback from TLS to SSL 3.0 to reveal information from encrypted HTTPS communication. POODLE stands for “Padding Oracle On Downgraded Legacy Encryption” and, as the name implies, combines a padding oracle attack and a protocol downgrade attack. Discovered in 2014, this network attack demonstrated that SSL 3.0 should never be used again, not even as a legacy fallback. This article provides a high-level overview of the POODLE vulnerability and the fate of SSL 3.0.
Padding Oracle On Downgraded Legacy Encryption (POODLE)
What Is a Padding Oracle?
Let’s start with the first half of POODLE: the padding oracle attack. Block ciphers such as AES can only encrypt and decrypt fixed-size blocks of data, so each message needs to be divided into blocks. Padding is added at the end to make sure that the message length is a multiple of the block size.
Padding oracle attacks exploit a flaw in the padding validation algorithm to reveal information from encrypted messages. This is done by analyzing message block padding and asking the “oracle” (usually a vulnerable web server) if the supplied padding is correct. By repeating such yes/no questions, the attacker can reveal the plaintext message far more quickly than with a brute force attack.
What About Downgraded Legacy Encryption?
The POODLE attack relies on forcing the victim’s browser to downgrade the connection protocol to an older, vulnerable version: SSL v3.0. Introduced in 1996, this was the first widely-used protocol for encrypted web communication. By 2014, it had been superseded by TLS (Transport Layer Security) but was still supported by web servers as a legacy fallback. This was mostly because it was the only SSL/TLS protocol that could be used by older versions of Internet Explorer.
When a web browser and web server connect over HTTPS, they negotiate a secure protocol supported by both sides. Protocol downgrade attacks exploit support for older protocol versions to force the server to use a vulnerable protocol for HTTPS communication. In 2014, modern web servers would default to using at least TLS 1.0 but fall back to SSL v3.0 if requested. The POODLE vulnerability allowed a man-in-the-middle attacker (for example on a public Wi-Fi hotspot) to downgrade the connection from TLS to SSL v3.0 and then mount a padding oracle attack on the vulnerable SSL protocol.
How the POODLE Attack Works
In many ways, the attack on SSL v3.0 is similar to the BEAST attack against TLS 1.0 which we wrote about a few months ago. Both attacks exploit a flaw in the cryptographic algorithm that makes small parts of the encrypted message recoverable without decryption. The flaws and protocols are different, but both attacks target block ciphers in CBC (cipher block chaining) mode.
As already mentioned, block ciphers work by dividing a message into fixed-sized blocks which are then encrypted and combined. There are several block cipher modes of operation that determine how the blocks are combined to generate the whole encrypted message. In CBC encryption, each block of plaintext is combined using XOR with the previous encrypted block and then encrypted using a secret key. Decryption in CBC mode is done in reverse order: by decrypting each block and then XORing it with the previous one. If there is no previous block, the algorithm uses a random value called an initialization vector.
Plaintext messages are padded to make sure their length is a multiple of block size, but – and this is the important part – SSL v3.0 does not specify the padding content. The only requirement is that the last byte must indicate the padding length. The padding is not checked, so as long as the length is correct, the padding block will be accepted by the receiver. In addition, the message authentication code (MAC) included in every SSL v3.0 request is calculated only for the plaintext message, not including padding. In terms of security, all this means that the integrity of the padding bytes is not assured – and this is what provides a foothold for the attacker.
To start recovering information, such as a session cookie, the attacker must know where in the encrypted message it is. HTTP requests are easy prey because they have a predictable format and a MITM attacker already knows most of the header content, so it is not difficult to spoof a request where the session cookie occupies a specific block.
The length of the crafted request is a multiple of the block size, so the last block contains only padding and the padding length. For example, if the block size is 8 and the message length is a multiple of 8, the last block will contain 7 bytes of padding and the value 07. Knowing that only the last byte of the last block is checked, the attacker can replace the last block with the cookie block and send this request to the receiver to try and guess the last byte of the cookie.
Now we get to the oracle part: the receiver’s response tells the attacker if the last byte of the cookie block is correct. If the receiver rejects the request, this means “no”. The attacker can then modify the request by shifting the encrypted cookie value by one byte and try again. The next response indicates if the last-but-one byte of the cookie is correct. This is repeated until the request is accepted, which means a “yes” answer. Because the MITM attacker knows the previous encrypted block, a simple XOR is then enough to discover one byte of the cookie – and all in no more than 256 requests.
Preventing POODLE and Other Downgrade Attacks
The chances of brute-forcing SSL v3.0 encryption are astronomical, but with the POODLE attack, each byte of an SSL v3.0 encrypted message could be recovered without decryption after a maximum of 256 attempts. For a 16-byte session cookie, this means no more than 4096 attempts, or just a few minutes, which is quite enough to mount real-life attacks. Something had to be done – and fast.
The POODLE vulnerability was disclosed on October 14th, 2014, and assigned the CVE-ID CVE-2014-3566. While the obvious solution was simply to disable the obsolete SSL v3.0 protocol in web browsers and servers, back in 2014, that would still break a lot of sites and legacy systems. Because the attack only works for block ciphers in CBC mode, one option (already used to mitigate the earlier BEAST attack) was to simply remove support for vulnerable ciphers and use others available in SSL v3.0. Unfortunately, this only left the RC4 stream cipher, which by then was also proven to be vulnerable.
An interim solution recommended by the POODLE researchers was to use the TLS_FALLBACK_SCSV cipher suite value to provide fallback capability but prevent forced downgrading to a less secure SSL/TLS protocol. This prevented protocol downgrade attacks while retaining support for legacy browsers and servers. Vendors and website operators moved quickly to implement TLS_FALLBACK_SCSV while also removing support for SSL v3.0 immediately or within the next few months. In June 2015, SSL v3.0 was officially deprecated by RFC 7568.
POODLE Today
Despite definitive proof that SSL v3.0 was insecure, it persisted in legacy systems, especially internal applications that still relied on old versions of Internet Explorer. While certainly a realistic threat, the POODLE attack could only be mounted in a man-in-the-middle scenario, so upgrading to a more secure protocol was often not worth breaking legacy support. In fact, recent research shows that as of 2020, up to 4% of public web servers still support SSL v3.0.
POODLE is one of many vulnerabilities detected by Netsparker. If SSL v3.0 support is detected on the web server, Netsparker reports the vulnerability and suggests remedies to disable support for insecure SSL/TLS protocols in several popular web servers.
Zbigniew Banach
About the Author
Zbigniew Banach
Technical Content Writer at Netsparker. Drawing on his experience as an IT journalist and technical translator, he does his best to bring web security to a wider audience on the Netsparker blog and website.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Getting Creative With Advice
What is Craniosacral Massage?
Craniosacral massage is a gentle, hands-on therapy that focuses on the craniosacral system, which encompasses the bones, soft tissues, and fluids surrounding the brain and spinal cord. This holistic approach aims to relieve tension, improve overall well-being, and enhance the body’s natural healing processes.
How Does Craniosacral Massage Work?
During a craniosacral massage session, the therapist uses light touch and gentle manipulation techniques to assess and balance the rhythm of the craniosacral system. This rhythmic motion, known as the craniosacral rhythm, can be felt throughout the body and reflects the overall health and functioning of the central nervous system.
By applying subtle pressure and gentle movements, the therapist helps to release restrictions and tensions in the craniosacral system, allowing for improved fluid circulation and nervous system function. This gentle approach encourages the body’s natural healing mechanisms, promoting relaxation, pain relief, and overall well-being.
The Benefits of Craniosacral Massage in Spring, TX
1. Stress and Anxiety Relief: Craniosacral massage in Spring, TX can be especially beneficial in relieving stress and anxiety. The gentle touch and focused attention during the session promote deep relaxation, allowing the body and mind to unwind. This can help reduce symptoms of stress, such as muscle tension, headaches, and sleep disturbances.
2. Pain Management: Craniosacral massage has been found to be effective in managing various types of pain, including migraines, chronic neck and back pain, and fibromyalgia. By addressing the underlying imbalances in the craniosacral system, this therapy can help alleviate pain and improve overall comfort.
3. Improved Sleep: Many individuals who receive craniosacral massage report improved sleep quality and a reduction in sleep disturbances. This therapy promotes relaxation and helps regulate the nervous system, allowing for a more restful and rejuvenating sleep.
4. Enhanced Mental Clarity and Focus: Craniosacral massage can have a positive impact on mental clarity and focus. By reducing stress and promoting relaxation, this therapy helps to clear the mind and improve cognitive function. Individuals often report increased concentration and mental sharpness after receiving craniosacral massage.
Who Can Benefit from Craniosacral Massage?
Craniosacral massage is a safe and non-invasive therapy suitable for people of all ages, from infants to the elderly. It can benefit individuals experiencing a wide range of conditions, including:
1. Chronic pain conditions
2. Migraines and headaches
3. Stress and anxiety
4. Sleep disturbances
5. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
6. Autism spectrum disorders
7. Temporomandibular Joint Disorder (TMJ)
8. Fibromyalgia
9. Post-surgery recovery
10. General well-being and relaxation
How to Find a Qualified Craniosacral Massage Therapist in Spring, TX
When seeking a craniosacral massage therapist in Spring, TX, it is essential to find a qualified and experienced practitioner. Here are a few tips to help you find the right therapist for you:
1. Research: Look for therapists with proper training and certification in craniosacral therapy. Check their credentials, reviews, and reputation in the local community.
2. Referrals: Ask for recommendations from friends, family, or healthcare providers who may have firsthand experience with craniosacral massage.
3. Initial Consultation: Schedule a consultation with the therapist before booking a session. This will allow you to discuss your specific needs and ensure that you feel comfortable with the therapist’s approach and communication style.
Lessons Learned from Years with
The Essential Laws of Explained
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Dental Amalgam
Dental amalgam is a filling material that has been used by dentists for over 150 years. A mixture of metals that typically includes silver, copper and tin, dental amalgam fillings (commonly referred to as “silver fillings”) also contain mercury, which has raised safety concerns among patients from time to time.
In response to those concerns, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), American Dental Association (ADA) and other organizations have conducted numerous studies over several decades and have repeatedly found that the small amount of mercury released during placement and removal of amalgam fillings does not cause adverse health effects.
Amalgam fillings remain a safe, cost-effective and durable choice when it comes to the restoration of decayed teeth.
For more information about Amalgam Fillings or to schedule an appointment with Dr. Hernon or Dr. Holden:
Frequently Asked Questions about Amalgam Fillings
Why is amalgam still used to fill teeth when composite materials are available?
While composite (or “tooth colored”) fillings are more durable than ever thanks to advancements in technology, there are still many cases where amalgam fillings perform better (and longer). This is often the case with teeth that are naturally subjected to extensive chewing force, such as molars. Mercury is an important part of the amalgam mixture as it contains unique elements that allow it to be manipulated with ease during placement and then harden quickly after. In addition to the benefits of longevity, amalgam fillings are also more affordable than composites.
A hand holding a model of a dental amalgam fillingWhat concerns are there with mercury and its effects on the body?
Mercury is a naturally occurring metal and one that we are exposed to in small amounts through water, air and food throughout our lives. Excessive exposure to mercury can negatively affect the brain and kidneys – however, it is important to understand that amalgam fillings do not cause dangerous levels of mercury exposure.
What is the ADA’s position regarding the use of silver amalgam fillings?
A thorough summary of evidence ranging from 2004-2010 led the ADA to reaffirm its position that amalgam is a valuable and safe choice for patients.
When is it appropriate to use composite fillings?
Composite fillings are typically made of a resin and glass mixture, tinted to the color of your tooth, and commonly referred to as “white” or “tooth-colored” fillings. They serve an important purpose for teeth that are visible when smiling, providing an aesthetic benefit not afforded by silver fillings. While resin composite fillings undoubtedly look better than amalgam ones, they are generally considered to be less durable, and therefore may not be ideal for teeth that are subject to extreme chewing and biting forces. It is worth noting, however, that composite materials continue to benefit from technological advancements, contributing to enhanced durability. The ADA supports composite materials in small or mid-size fillings on teeth that are exposed to moderate pressure from chewing, and acknowledges that they are a good choice for a more natural-looking filling.
The bottom line?
The ADA Council on Scientific Affairs has concluded that both amalgam and composite materials are considered safe and effective for tooth restoration.
If you still have concerns about amalgam fillings, please don’t hesitate to call our office! It is important to us that you fully understand all available options when it comes to your oral health.
Marion J. Hernon, DMD, PLLC
4 out of 5 stars based on 1 Amalgam Fillings reviews.
Patient Review by Cheyanne P
There is no reason to be afraid of the dentist‘s office when you go here! Everyone is super nice and the procedure goes just as planned.
- Cheyanne P
4 out of 5 stars on
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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BRIEF-Terrapin 3 Acquisition Corporation to buy Yatra Online, Inc.
July 13 (Reuters) - Terrapin 3 Acquisition Corp : * Terrapin 3 Acquisition Corporation announces business combination with Yatra Online, Inc. * Have entered into a definitive agreement to combine in a transaction that values Yatra at an enterprise value of $218 million * Combined co will continue to be led by Yatra’s management team under leadership of chief executive and co-founder Dhruv Shringi * Yatra intends to be listed on nasdaq stock market under symbol “ytra” following completion of transaction * Yatra may receive additional consideration of up to $35 million upon achievement of certain financial objectives * Yatra will continue to own at least 35% of issued and outstanding shares in combined company Source text for Eikon: Further company coverage: (Bengaluru Newsroom)
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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;;;; I don't yet know why, but it seems to have dropped some info I like (defun put-person-on-phone-list (person phonelist) "Put PERSON onto PHONELIST." (interactive "sPerson: sPhone list: ") (let ((record (bbdb-search-simple person nil))) (bbdb:adjoin-to-field record 'phone-list phonelist) (bbdb-change-record record nil))) (defun put-people-on-phone-list (people phonelist) "Put PEOPLE onto PHONELIST." (dolist (person people) (put-person-on-phone-list person phonelist))) (defun put-person-on-card-list (person) "Put PERSON on my Christmas card list." (let ((record (bbdb-search-simple person nil))) (bbdb:adjoin-to-field record 'christmas-card "yes") (bbdb-change-record record nil))) (defun read-old-bbdb () (interactive) (find-file "~/.bbdb-cb1") (goto-char (point-min)) (beginning-of-line 5) (let* ((old-bbdb (read (current-buffer)))) (message "%d entries" (length old-bbdb)) (dolist (old-entry old-bbdb) (let* ((name (concat (aref old-entry 0) " " (aref old-entry 1))) (old-details (aref old-entry 7))) ;; (message "Processing %s" name) (when old-details ;; (message "Got old details") (let* ((new-entry (bbdb-search-simple name nil)) (new-details (and new-entry (aref new-entry 7)))) (when (and old-details (not (equal old-details new-details))) ;; (message "Changing details") (if new-details (message "Conflict: %s %s %s" name old-details new-details)) (when new-entry ;; (message "setting new entry to old details") (aset new-entry 7 old-details) ;; (message "Record is now %s" new-entry) (bbdb-change-record1 new-entry nil))))))))) (defun bbdb-change-record1 (record need-to-sort) "Update the database after a change to the given record. Second arg NEED-TO-SORT is whether the name has changed. You still need to worry about updating the name hash-table." ;; (message "In bbdb-change-record1 %s" (aref record 1)) (if inside-bbdb-change-record record (let ((inside-bbdb-change-record t) unmigrated) (bbdb-invoke-hook 'bbdb-change-hook record) ;; (message "done hook") (bbdb-debug (if (bbdb-record-deleted-p record) (error "bbdb: changing deleted record"))) (if (/= (cdr bbdb-file-format-migration) bbdb-file-format) (progn ;; (message "unmigrate") (bbdb-unmigrate-record (setq unmigrated (bbdb-copy-thing record))) ;; (message "made unmigrated = %s" unmigrated) )) ;; Do the changing ;; (message "Do the changing") (if (memq record (bbdb-records)) ; checks file synchronization too. (progn ;; (message "in bbdb-records already") (if (not need-to-sort);; If we don't need to sort, overwrite it. (progn ;; (message "not sorting; record is %s" record) (bbdb-overwrite-record-internal1 record unmigrated) (bbdb-debug (if (not (memq record (bbdb-records))) (error "Overwrite in change doesn't work")))) ;; Since we do need to sort, delete then insert (message "sorting so delete then insert") (bbdb-delete-record-internal record) (bbdb-debug (if (memq record (bbdb-records)) (error "Delete in need-sort change doesn't work"))) (bbdb-insert-record-internal record unmigrated) (bbdb-debug (if (not (memq record (bbdb-records))) (error "Insert in need-sort change doesn't work"))))) ;; Record isn't in database so add it. (message "Record isn't in database so add it.") (bbdb-insert-record-internal record unmigrated) (bbdb-debug (if (not (memq record (bbdb-records))) (error "Insert in change doesn't work")))) (setq bbdb-modified-p t) (bbdb-invoke-hook 'bbdb-after-change-hook record) record))) (defun bbdb-overwrite-record-internal1 (record unmigrated) (bbdb-with-db-buffer (if (memq record bbdb-changed-records) nil (setq bbdb-changed-records (cons record bbdb-changed-records))) (let ((print-escape-newlines t) (tail bbdb-records)) ;; Look for record after RECORD in the database. Use the ;; beginning marker of this record (or the marker for the end of ;; the database if no next record) to determine where to stop ;; deleting old copy of record (while (and tail (not (eq record (car tail)))) (setq tail (cdr tail))) (if (null tail) (error "bbdb: unfound %s" record)) (let ((cache (bbdb-record-cache record))) (bbdb-debug (if (<= (bbdb-cache-marker cache) (point-min)) (error "doubleplus ungood: cache marker is %s" (bbdb-cache-marker cache))) (goto-char (bbdb-cache-marker cache)) (if (and (/= (point) bbdb-end-marker) (not (looking-at "[\[]"))) (error "doubleplus ungood: not inserting before a record (%s)" (point)))) (goto-char (bbdb-cache-marker cache)) (bbdb-record-set-cache record nil) ;; (message "after set-cache, record is %s, unmigrated is %s" record unmigrated) ; is OK here (if unmigrated (bbdb-record-set-cache unmigrated nil)) (insert (prin1-to-string (or record)) "\n") (message "inserted %s" (prin1-to-string (or record))) (delete-region (point) (if (cdr tail) (bbdb-record-marker (car (cdr tail))) bbdb-end-marker)) (bbdb-record-set-cache record cache) (bbdb-debug (if (<= (if (cdr tail) (bbdb-record-marker (car (cdr tail))) bbdb-end-marker) (bbdb-record-marker record)) (error "doubleplus ungood: overwrite unworks"))) (setq bbdb-modified-p t) record)))) (defun try-to-flush-to-file () (bbdb:apply-to-records (function (lambda (record) (let* ((alist (aref record 7))) (when (listp alist) ))))))
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Loading...
SmartyTplEditingDev
Problem
Smarty template files are hard to edit. Editing the source by hand is a pain. WYSIWYG editors sometimes do not render/parse the templates properly. Even when there are no problems, the Smarty logic and variables make things quite confusing.
More on the problem - a user's perspective:
• Loss of modifications on upgrade To modify Tikiwiki for real-world applications, extensive template modifications are needed. But they're overwritten when you upgrade to a new version.
• Styles and templates Some styles assert their own templates, which take precedence over the default templates. However, the style-asserted templates are not available for editing in Edit Templates; therefore, some modifications in Edit Templates appear to have no effect (which is confusing).
Possible solutions?
How can we make editing Smarty templates in WYSIWYG editors more like editing normal XHTML files? These are some ideas I had. They may or may not make things easier. Please give feedback.
Changing Smarty tpl delimiter tag syntax (for wysiwyg editors)
• Some believe that using <{ }> as opposed to { } as delimiters make WYSIWYG editors play nice
• In theory, <!{ }> as delimiters would hide all Smarty tags
• We may not want to hide Smarty variables; we can use <{ }> for variables and <!{ }> for logic
• Renaming templates to .tpl.html would allow WYSIWYG editors to open them easily.
• Use code highlighting schemas for various editors, ex. Dreamweaver
Page last modified on Sunday 11 April 2004 09:06:02 GMT-0000
Why Register?
Register at tiki.org and you'll be able to use the account at any *.tiki.org site, thanks to the InterTiki feature. A valid email address is required to receive site notifications and occasional newsletters. You can opt out of these items at any time.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Identifying spiders
The result was Change to redirect to spider taxonomy. Tim Vickers (talk) 17:11, 15 June 2008 (UTC)
Identifying spiders
* ( [ delete] ) – (View AfD) (View log)
Basically this is the same thing as a guide to eatable mushroom identification, which I'm sure there is no place for on Wikipedia. If anywhere it'd place on Wikibooks (with expansion). — Jan Hofmann (talk) 00:39, 9 June 2008 (UTC)
* Delete Per what wikipedia is not. Specificly, wikipedia is not a guide. Tabor (talk) 02:01, 9 June 2008 (UTC)
* Delete although the contents of this along with List of types of spiders (which should also be deleted or renamed) - could be used in something like "Classification of spiders". Shyamal (talk) 05:01, 9 June 2008 (UTC)
* Redirect to spider taxonomy Shyamal (talk) 16:29, 9 June 2008 (UTC)
* Transwiki to Wikibooks, per nom M1ss1ontomars2k4 (talk) 06:01, 10 June 2008 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Science-related deletion discussions. -- Fabrictramp | talk to me 14:10, 11 June 2008 (UTC)
* Delete per WP:NOT (or redirect per Shyamal). Delicious carbuncle (talk) 02:31, 14 June 2008 (UTC)
* Delete Per WP:NOT. Otolemur crassicaudatus (talk) 13:31, 14 June 2008 (UTC)
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WIKI
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Interface GroovyContext
• All Superinterfaces:
Context, Registry
public interface GroovyContext
extends Context
Subclass of Context that adds Groovy friendly variants of methods.
• Method Detail
• from
static GroovyContext from(Context ctx)
Creates a Groovy context from a context.
Parameters:
ctx - the actual context
Returns:
a Groovy context
• byMethod
void byMethod(@DelegatesTo(value=GroovyByMethodSpec.class,strategy=1)
Closure<?> closure)
throws java.lang.Exception
Groovy friendly overload of Context.byMethod(Action).
import ratpack.groovy.test.handling.GroovyRequestFixture
import static ratpack.groovy.Groovy.groovyHandler
def handler = groovyHandler {
byMethod {
def message = "hello!"
get {
render "$message from GET request"
}
post {
render "$message from POST request"
}
}
}
def result = GroovyRequestFixture.handle(handler) {
method "get"
}
assert result.rendered(CharSequence) == "hello! from GET request"
result = GroovyRequestFixture.handle(handler) {
method "post"
}
assert result.rendered(CharSequence) == "hello! from POST request"
Parameters:
closure - defines the action to take for different HTTP methods
Throws:
java.lang.Exception - any thrown by the closure
• byContent
void byContent(@DelegatesTo(value=GroovyByContentSpec.class,strategy=1)
Closure<?> closure)
throws java.lang.Exception
Groovy friendly overload of Context.byContent(Action).
import ratpack.groovy.test.handling.GroovyRequestFixture
import static ratpack.groovy.Groovy.groovyHandler
def handler = groovyHandler {
byContent {
def message = "hello!"
json {
render "{\"msg\": \"$message\"}"
}
html {
render "<p>$message</p>"
}
}
}
def result = GroovyRequestFixture.handle(handler) {
header("Accept", "application/json");
}
assert result.rendered(CharSequence) == "{\"msg\": \"hello!\"}"
assert result.headers.get("content-type") == "application/json"
result = GroovyRequestFixture.handle(handler) {
header("Accept", "text/plain; q=1.0, text/html; q=0.8, application/json; q=0.7");
}
assert result.rendered(CharSequence) == "<p>hello!</p>";
assert result.headers.get("content-type") == "text/html;charset=UTF-8";
Parameters:
closure - defines the action to take for the different content types
Throws:
java.lang.Exception - any thrown by the closure
• header
default GroovyContext header(java.lang.CharSequence name,
java.lang.Object... values)
Sets a response header.
Any previously set values for the header will be removed.
Shorthand for getResponse().getHeaders().set(CharSequence, Iterable).
Specified by:
header in interface Context
Parameters:
name - the name of the header to set
values - the header values
Returns:
this
See Also:
MutableHeaders.set(CharSequence, Iterable)
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Bartending/Techniques/Blended cocktails
Frozen drinks, freezes, or blended drinks all refer to drinks made by blending ice, liqueurs, and mixers. Smoothies are popular in many parts of the United States now, and in much the same fashion involve blending ice, juice, and fruit.
Almost any of these can be made virgin by simply removing the alcohol; it is recommended to blend the drinks virgin and pour into a glass with the alcohol waiting. This allows a single, large blender to be made full of the drink and served to minors and other non-drinkers as well as legal drinkers; and also allows you to avoid washing the blender if you're hammering out, say, 4 Piña Coladas for some kids, 1 for the designated driver, and 2 for a couple teachers needing a good nerve relaxant.
Making a blended drink
Follow the below instructions when mixing a freeze. Remember to use a heavy-duty blender capable of continuously crunching through ice; most residential-quality blenders will quickly dull, wear, or break if given the task of constantly chopping ice cubes into bits and pieces. If you're going for simple preparation at home, make sure the blender you buy can handle ice; if you want to hold parties or open a bar as a small business, get a heavier duty one that can stand the workload.
* Make sure the blender is off.
* Stack the blender a quarter full of ice.
* Begin adding the mixers until the ice just begins to float.
* Put the lid on. If you're wondering what will happen if you don't, then leave the lid off.
* Make sure no hair, fingers, or clothing are trapped in the blender or anywhere they can get caught up in.
* Hold the lid down with one hand.
* Start the blender at low speed.
* After a few seconds, switch to high speed until the ingredients are well blended.
* Pour the mixed drink into the glass, over whatever alcohol is being added.
Coladas
* Piña Colada
Virgin blended drinks
* Pink Snowman
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WIKI
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Jack D. Weiler
Jack D. Weiler (1904–1995) was an American real estate developer and philanthropist.
Biography
Weiler was born to a poor Jewish family in Svyatsk, Russian Empire, the seventh of ten children. His father, Faivel, was a rabbi and Talmudic scholar. In 1910, the family moved to the United States and settled in Manhattan and then the Bronx where his father taught yeshiva students. During high school, Weiler worked odd jobs and was forced to leave college due to lack of funds and accept a job as a stenographer in a real estate office. He eventually became a broker where he learned all aspects of the real estate business and in 1936, he partnered with Benjamin Swig (father of Melvin Swig) of Boston and founded a real estate company then named Swig & Weiler. Weiler managed the firm's New York office while Swig ran the West Coast business out of San Francisco. They grew the business nationally including over 5 million square feet in New York City and 1.5 million square feet in California; properties owned included the Metropolitan Opera House (which they demolished to build 1411 Broadway at 39th Street); the W. R. Grace Building; 1065 Avenue of the Americas; and 711 Third Avenue at 44th Street.
Philanthropy
Weiler is also known for his charitable activities stating "Philanthropy comes first, ahead of my business". In 1964, he received the Israel Bond Organization’s first Herbert H. Lehman Israel Award. Weiler was a leader in the United Jewish Appeal, Israel Bonds and the American Joint Distribution Committee. He served as the chairman of the board of overseers for the Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, and in 1985, Einstein Hospital in the Bronx was renamed the Jack D. Weiler Hospital.
In 1995, a new community of 5,000 residents just south of Jerusalem was renamed Kiryat Jack Weiler in his honor. He served as chairman of the Housing Committee of the Jewish Agency for Israel which brought 50,000 diaspora Jews to Israel. The architecture school of the Bezalel Academy of Arts and Design in Jerusalem was renamed the Jack D. Weiler College of Architecture; he funded the Weiler-Arnow Medical Education Building at Ben Gurion University of the Negev; and the Jerusalem College of Technology named its yeshiva in honor of his father.
Weiler served as the national treasurer and president of the Century Club of the State of Israel Bonds Organization; former president and chairman of the board of directors of Bronx-Lebanon Hospital; a member of the board of the Montefiore Medical Center; a member of the board of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America; president of the Realty Foundation of Greater New York; and president of the UJA-Federation of New York. Weiler stated "I tell them that you can't take it with you, that once you're stretched out in a box, your hands are always open, not closed."
In 1947, he was named an honorary alumnus of Brandeis University, he was the first New Yorker and the third individual in the United States to receive this honor.
Personal life
In 1927, he married Doris Person; they had two children: Alan Weiler and Joan Weiler Arnow who was married to real estate developer Robert H. Arnow.
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WIKI
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GARFIELD SMELTING CO. v. INDUSTRIAL COMMISSION OF UTAH.
No. 3277.
Decided Dec. 27, 1918.
(178 Pac. 57.)
1. CONSTITUTIONAL LAW — LEGISLATIVE POWERS — CONSTITUTIONAL LIMITATIONS. Though, state Constitutions are limitations on legislative power respecting subjects expressed in the limitations, existing rights, where otherwise proper subjects of legislation, may be enlarged and augmented. (Page 138.)
2. Master and Servantt-Workmen’s Compensation — Validity oe Act. Industrial Commission Act, section 72, providing for election between compensation for death under the act or damages in-law action, and under section 73 for waiver of right to bring law action by application for compensation, is not violative of Const, art. 16, section 5, as abrogating right of an adult to recover damages for death under Comp. Laws 1888, sections 3178, 3179; an adult being capable of making election. (Page. 140.)
3. Master and Servant — Workmen’s Compensation — Waiver op Law — Action por Death — Minors. ' An heir who is not sui juris cannot waive his right of action for death by an application for an award, or vice versa, under Industrial Commissions Act, section 73, being incapable in law of making an election. (Pago 140.)
4. Master and Servant — Workmen’s Compensation — Validity of Act — -Minors. Industrial Commission Act, in so far as it attempts to limit compensation to minor heirs for death and to enforce a waiver of right to bring law action for the death under section 73, is invalid where death was by employer’s wrongful act, minors having right of action in such case under Comp. Laws 1888, sections 3178, 3179, which cannot be abrogated under Const, art. 16, section 5, but is valid where death was not caused by employer’s negligence or wrongful act. (Page 140.)
5. Master and Servant — Workmen’s Compensation — Waiver op Law Action — Minors—Waiver by Mother. Mother by applying for compensation for father’s death does not, under Industrial Commissions Act, section 73, waive minor children’s right to bring law action for damages under Comp. Laws 1888, sections 3178, 3179, whore death was caused by employer’s wrongful act, which right Industrial Commissions Act could not abrogate under Const, art. 16, section 5. (Page 144.)
6. Statutes — Partial Invalidity — Workmen’s Compensation. Invalidity of Industrial Commission Act in so far as it attempts to abrogate minor heirs’ right, under Comp. Laws 1888, sections 3178, 3179, to bring action for death caused by employer’s wrongful act, does not affect validity of other provisions, or-validity of the provisions of the act where death was purely accidental. (Page 145.)
7. Constitutional Law — Equal Protection op Laws. Under federal Constitution every citizen, regardless of his station or-condition, is entitled to the equal protection of- the law whether it applies to his personal or to his 'property right, and every law violative of such right is invalid. (Page 146.)
8. Constitutional Law — Construction Favoring Constitutionality. Statute which is susceptible to different constructions will be given that construction which conforms to tlio Constitution. (Page 146.)
9. Jury — Right to Trial by — Workmen’s Compensation Act. In employer’s action under Industrial Commissions Act, employer denying that accident causing death was one arising out of and in course of employment held entitled, under section 87, to a jury trial on such issue. (Page 146.)
10. Master and Servant — Workmen’s Compensation — Evidence— Hearsay. Under Industrial Commission Act, section 88, Industrial Commission may consider hearsay evidence, but no material finding can stand, if seasonably assailed, whore based entirely on hearsay . or incompetent evidence. (Page 148.)
Appeal from the District Court of Salt Lake County, Third District; Hon. B. B. Porter, Judge.
Action by the Garfield Smelting Company against the Industrial Commission of the State of Utah.
Judgment of dismissal. .Plaintiff appeals.
Affirmed.
Bagley & Ashton for appellant.
Dan B. Shields, Atty. Gen., and O. C. DaTby and Herbert Van Dam, Jr., Asst. Attys. Gen., for respondent.
FBICK, C. J.
The questions presented by this appeal are based upon and arise out of the provisions of chapter 100, Laws Utah 1917, commonly known as the Industrial Commission Act, hereinafter designated as the Industrial Act. That act has been before us on two other occasions, namely, in Industrial Commission v. Daly Mining Co., 51 Utah, 602, 172 Pac. 301, and in Industrial Commission v. Evans, 52 Utah, 394, 174 Pac. 825, where a number of sections of that act were construed and applied. To avoid unnecessary repetition we refer to those cases, and shall in this opinion set forth only such portions of the Industrial Act as are absolutely necessary to make clear the questions decided.
The questions now to be determined, briefly stated, arise as follows: On the 24th day of September, 1917, one Mary G. Ringholz, of Salt Lake City, filed her petition and application before the Industrial Commission wherein she, in substance, alleged that she is the surviving widow of one Jacob Ringholz, who on August 22, 1917, had died from an injury which was caused by an accident arising in the course of his employment while he was an employee of the Garfield Smelting Company, the appellant here. The particulars concerning the accident resulting in death were set forth in the petition. The petitioner also gave the names and ages of the surviving children of the decedent, who were three sons, one of whom was eleven, another sixteen, and the third eighteen years of age. The petition contained all the necessary allegations which are required by the rules of the Industrial Commission. The Garfield Smelting Company, hereinafter designated appellant, appeared and answered the petition. In its answer it was admitted that the petitioner was the -widow, and that.the children were the sons of the deceased, that the deceased, prior to his death, was an employee of appellant, and that he died on the date stated in the petition. Appellant, however, denied that the death of the deceased “was caused by reason of an accident arising out of or in the course of his. employment by the defendant,” and further denied all other material allegations of the petition. Appellant also affirmatively averred in its answer that the commission was without jurisdiction, setting forth the facts in that regard in detail. A hearing was had before the Industrial Commission on the issues presented by the petition and answer, and on the 22d day of October, 1917, it filed its decision, in which it, in substance, found that the deceased was injured as alleged; “that the injury was one arising out of and in the course of the employment of the deceased by the defendant corporation.” Other necessary findings were made which it is not necessary to repeat here. The commission accordingly awarded the widow the sum of $4,500, to be paid by the appellant “for the benefit of herself and minor child,” the son of 11 years of age. The other two sons, for the reason hereinafter appearing, were excluded. The award was made payable at the rate of fifteen dollars a week, “payable every four weeks until the .total sum of $4,500 is paid, or until the further order of this commission.” Appellant was also required to pay $200 “for medical, hospital, and nursing expenses,” and $150 for “funeral expenses.” Upon a rehearing the last two items were eliminated from the award, and the award in all other respects was affirmed. After the rehearing and the affirmance of the award the appellant commenced this action in the district court of Salt Lake County against the commission pursuant to the provisions of the Industrial Act. It set forth in its complaint all of the facts hereinbefore stated, with others not necessary to be enumerated, and also stated the facts in detail why the commission was without jurisdiction and wherein it had exceeded its powers under the Industrial Act, and alleged that the award, for specific reasons stated, was unconstitutional and void. When the matter came on for hearing in the district court, appellant demanded a jury trial upon the issue as to whether the deceased was injured in the course of his employment, and hence whether the appellant was liable under the Industrial Act. The district court refused a jury trial, and, after hearing arguments of counsel upon the other questions raised, upon the issues presented, and upon the law, the court entered a judgment dismissing the action, from which judgment this appeal is prosecuted.
Counsel for appellant have assigned a large number of errors. In their brief they have, however, limited their argument to the following propositions: (1) “That the Industrial Commission Act, in so far as it attempts in death cases to abrogate the right of action by the heirs, or any of them, or attempts to fix a statutory limitation of the amount recoverable, is unconstitutional and void;” (2) whether the widow, acting alone, without regard to the rights of the children, may exercise the sole right to waive an action for damages and accept the compensation provided by the act; (3) that the employer is entitled to a jury trial upon the question whether the alleged injury is one “arising out of and in the course of employment,” and that the district court erred in denying appellant a jury trial upon that question; and (4) that, even though appellant is not entitled to a jury trial, yet the award of the commission is void, and the judgment of the district court affirming the same is erroneous because there is no evidence whatever in support of the finding that the injury which caused the death of the deceased arose out of and in the course of his employment. We have condensed counsel’s second and third propositions into our third.
We remark that at the hearing in this court both counsel for the appellant and the Attorney General, who appeared for the commission, with most commendable frankness, conceded that there are a number of difficult questions which arise under the Industrial Act by reason of some of the provisions of our Constitution which do not arise under similar acts in other jurisdictions. It was conceded, therefore, that in so far as those constitutional provisions are concerned, the decisions of the courts of other jurisdictions, where such provisions are not in force, can shed but little, if any, light upon what the result should be respecting some of the propositions involved on this appeal.
We shall consider the several propositions relied on by appellant’s" counsel in the order we have stated them.
' The constitutional provision which is specifically relied on by appellant is found in article 16, section 5, of our Constitution, which reads as follows:
‘ ‘ The right of action to recover damages for injuries resulting in death, shall never be abrogated, and the amount recoverable shall not be subject to any statutory limitation.”
A mere glance at the foregoing section shows that it imposes a double limitation upon legislative action: (1) That the right to “recover damages for injuries resulting in death” may not be abrogated; and (2) that the amount of recovery in such actions may not be limited by law. In view that state Constitutions are limitations on the legislative power respecting the subjects expressed in the limitations, the Legislature ordinarily may nevertheless enlarge existing rights; that is, such rights, if otherwise proper subjects of legislation, while they may not be destroyed or abridged, may nevertheless be enlarged or augmented by legislative enactment. In view, therefore, that the Constitution clearly prohibits the Legislature from abrogating the “right of action,” it becomes necessary to inquire what that right was and who enjoyed it at the time -the Constitution was adopted by the people of this state. As we have seen, the Constitution says “the right of action” shall not be abrogated ; hence the right referred to must be deemed to be the right as it then existed and not merely an abstract right. The right as it then existed is found in 2 Comp. Laws Utah 1888 and constituted sections 3178 and 3179 of that compilation. Those sections read as follows:
“3178. A father, or in case of his death or desertion of his family, the mother may maintain an action for the death or injury of a minor child; and a guardian for the injury or death of his ward, when such injury or death is caused by the wrongful act or neglect of another. Such action may be maintained against the person causing the injury or death, or if such person be employed by another person who -is responsible for his conduct, also against such other person.”
“3179. When the death of a person not being a minor is caused by the wrongful act or neglect of another, his heirs or personal representatives may maintain an action for damages against the person causing the death, or if such person be employed by another person who is responsible for his conduct, then also against such other person. In every action under this and the preceding section, such damages may be given as under all the circumstances of the case may be just. ’ ’
Those two sections are also found under the title ‘ ‘ Of the Parties to Civil Actions ’ ’ in Laws Utah 1884, c. 54, as sections 233 and 234. From there they were carried into Comp. Laws 1888, supra, and from the latter into R. S. Utah 1898 as sec-iions 2911 and 2912. Those sections were amended to make them more specific in some particulars in 1901 (see Laws Utah 1903, p. 40), and they thereafter became a part of Comp. Laws 1907 as sections 2911 and 2912. We shall refer to the numbers of the sections as found in Comp. Laws 1907, but shall limit the argument to the sections as they existed in 1895-, when the Constitution was adopted.
The right of action given in section 2911 in case of the death of a minor child at the time the Constitution was adopted was vested in the father, and, in ease of his desertion, in the mother, and in the case of the death of the ward, in tbe guardian. Tbe right of action was, however, limited to cases where the death was caused by the “wrongful act or neglect of another.” Where, however, the wrongful act or neglect in question was that of a person for whose acts and neglect another was responsible, the right of action existed against either or both. By section 2912, in case of the death of a person not a minor which was caused by the wrongful act or neglect of another, the right of action was vested in the heirs or personal representatives of the deceased person. In view of the language of the constitutional provision, we are bound to presume that the “right of action” there mentioned is the right which was conferred in the statute which we have quoted. In the absence of anything to the contrary in the Constitution itself, the presumption becomes conclusive. The election of remedy which is provided for in section 72 of the Industrial Act was no doubt intended to conform that act- to the constitutional provision to which we have referred. It no doubt was also for that reason that section 73 of said act was adopted. That section reads:
“Every employee or his legal representative in case death results, who makes application for an award, or accepts compensation from an employer, Waives his right to exercise his option to institute proceedings in any court. Every employee, or his legal representative in case death results, who exercises his option to institute proceedings in court, as provided in this act, waives his right to anjr award, or direct payment of compensation from his employer. ’ ’
If all those who are given a right of action in case of death are adults and of sound mind, no difficulty can arise, since such persons are capable to choose and elect; and so long as an opportunity to choose and a reasonable time of election is given to exercise the right we cannot see how the right given by the Constitution can be said to be abrogated. The question then merely is one of limiting the time within which the right shall bp exercised, which is necessarily a legislative question, provided the time is not unreasonably short. As we have seen, the statute, however, gives the right of action to the heirs, regardless qf whether they are minors or adults. Indeed, the right, as all know, is, and' in the nature of things must necessarily be, more frequently exercised by minors than by adults. True, not all heirs may be dependents, and thus be entitled to substantial damages,' but all heirs have a right of action, and are thus entitled to at least nominal damages as a matter of law. It is the right of action we are now dealing with, and not the question of damages. The question therefore is: Is the waiver provided for in the Industrial Act to which we have referred binding on an heir who is not sui juris? We think not. Such an heir under the law is incapable of making an election, and hence his acts, whatever they may be, cannot be held to constitute an election and a waiver which binds him. As we have pointed out, however, in making the award in this case the commission limited the amount to $4,500, and made a further order that the same be paid for the benefit of the widow and the youngest son, thus excluding the two older ones, one of whom was 16 and the other 18 years of age, from sharing in the award to any extent. In making the foregoing award for the amount stated, and in excluding the two older sons, the commission followed the provisions of the Industrial Act. Counsel for appellant, however, contend that in limiting the amount in cases of death and in excluding any heirs the provisions of that act are contrary to the provisions of the Constitution which we have quoted. Counsel.therefore insist that the award of the commission and the exclusion of the two sons are of no force or effect. Indeed, they insist that the award is not binding even on the youngest son, since it follows the limitation imposed in the act. They contend, therefore, that even though the award were paid, their client would nevertheless still be subject to an action by the three sons, since neither of them has attained his majority, and hence could not and did not waive any of the rights guaranteed by the constitutional provision. If, therefore, in case of the' death of the father, a right of action accrues, and" such right is vested in all of the heirs, or for the benefit of all, and the amount of damages may not be limited by .law, but must be determined either by a court or by a jury in an ordinary action and in accordance with the usual procedure in law cases, it is not easy to perceive why counsel’s contention in an ordinary case of negligence should not prevail. We are of tlie opinion, therefore, that in so far as the act attempts to limit the amount of damages, or compensation as it is there called, in case of death which arises in the course of the employment of the deceased, and which is caused by the wrongful act or neglect of the employer, or of some one for whose acts he is responsible, and in so far as the act attempts to enforce a waiver against minors, and in limiting the amount of recovery as against them, it is invalid, and not enforceable against such minors. It does not follow, however, that the provisions of the act are not- enforceable in any case of death which is caused by an injury arising in the course of the employment. Of course, there is no liability in any case unless the injury causing the death arises in the course of the employment of the deceased. But the right of compensation in such a case is not limited by the Industrial Act, as in our statute, to eases where the death is the result of some wrongful act or neglect. As we have seen, sections 2911 and 2912 give the right of action only in case the death is caused by the wrongful act or neglect of another. No cause of action arises, therefore, if the death is caused by a mere accident or where the negligence of the deceased is the proximate cause or proximately contributes thereto, or in case any of the other usual defenses that are available are established. Moreover, in case an action is brought to recover damages pursuant to sections 2911 or 2912,- the defenses of assumed risk, contributory negligence, and fellow servants are still available, while, if an application for compensation under the Industrial Act is made, these defenses are not available. Under the Industrial Act, therefore, the accident causing death need not be caused through the- wrongful act or neglect of the employer or through the wrongful act or neglect of one for whom he is responsible. All that is necessary to entitle the claimant under the act to compensation is that the death resulted from an injury which arose in the course of the employment of the deceased, and' his mere acts of negligence do not constitute a bar to the action. The action is barred only in case that it is shown that the death was caused through the willful or criminal act of the deceased, or what is equivalent thereto. The remedy given by the Industrial Act is therefore broader than the one given by the statute, and it is the statutory remedy only that is guaranteed by the Constitution. The Legislature thus has enlarged the right to compensation, and in so far as that was done the Legislature has the right to determine and to direct who shall enjoy the fruits of the increased or enlarged remedy. If, therefore, the award in this case is one which is based entirely upon the enlarged remedy given by the Industrial Act, we can conceive of no reason why it is not binding upon all persons if it conforms to the provisions of the act. If such is the ease, no rights guaranteed by the Constitution are abridged or invaded, and no limitation is imposed contrary to the Constitution, since the award in question is entirely outside and beyond the right which is protected by the Constitution. In this connection it must, however, not be overlooked that an award may be made in a case where the death of the husband and father was in fact caused by the wrongful act or neglect of the employer or of some one for whom he is responsible, but the application may ignore that fact and the claim may be based upon the act alone. If such is the case, the minor heirs are not bound, whatever the award may be, since the Constitution protects their rights in such a case. Under such circumstances the light'exists by virtue of the statute which existed when the Constitution was adopted, and hence cannot be ignored by merely following the provisions of the Industrial Act. The question therefore arises in every case of death where there are minor heirs: Was the death caused by the wrongful act or neglect of the employer or one for whom he -is responsible, or was it merely accidental without any wrong or neglect whatever? If the latter is the case, then, as we have seen, no complication arises, since the claim is not one which is affected or protected by the Constitution, and hence no rights are invaded in complying with the provisions of the Industrial Act, although some of the heirs may be excluded from participation as provided in the act. So far as they are concerned, the award is a mere gratuity to the widow and the children under the age of sixteen.
We remark that under the Industrial Act no child who is actually dependent, whatever its age, is excluded; but, in case the child has attained the age limit the fact of dependency-must be made to appear, since under the act all children above a certain age are' deemed not to be dependents. That phase of the act, however, needs no further discussion here.
From what has been said it follows that in every case where claim for compensation is for the death of an employee, against an employer, which is caused by an injury which arose in the course of the employment, and where there are heirs who are minors, the question of whether the death was caused through the wrongful act or neglect of the employer, or of some one for whose acts and neglect he is responsible, the cause of death must be legally and judicially determined. If it be determined that the death was caused by wrongful act or neglect, the constitutional provision at once becomes effective, and the rights of the minor heirs are protected. It is clear that the right of the minor heirs cannot be determined by the mother’s application for compensation under the Industrial Act. Neither can she, by making such an application, waive the rights of the minors; nor will she be deemed to have.waived their rights until and unless such waiver is made in 'a judicial proceeding and in a manner known to the law affecting minors’ rights. In such case, therefore, the commission cannot legally make an award which is binding on the minor heirs unless they have waived their constitutional rights in conformity with law, and the commission should not proceed to make an award in such cases until the rights of the minor heii’s have been judicially determined, as hereinbefore stated, aixd their waiver has been obtained in a proper judicial proceeding. Unless and until that has been done no employer can safely pay an award made by the commission until the general statute of limitations in such cases has fully run. If, however’, heii’s may waive their rights by not bringing an action, they may also do that otherwise; but, as suggested, it must be legally done, and not by mere implication. The defendant may, how-evei’, well waive that question in this proceeding, since the evidence is clear and, as it seems to us, indisputable that the death in this case was not caused by either the wrongful act or neglect of the defendant, or of any one for whose acts it is responsible. We cannot see how either the defendant, the heirs, or any one else can successfully contend otherwise. As before stated, the evidence that the death was entirely accidental is not only not disputed, but, under the circumstances, it seems to us, that fact is indisputable, and hence no question of fact arises. In view of that the award in this case is based entirely upon the enlarged remedy created by the Industrial Act, and hence, as we have seen, the constitutional rights of the heirs are not involved or affected. No waiver on their part is therefore essential. By what we have just stated we do not mean to be understood that the defendant can be required to waive that question as a matter of law, nor that we require it to do so, but what we mean is that under the evidence in this ease but one result seems permissible, and that is that the death was purely accidental, and hence the defendant might well waive any further judicial inquiry with respect to that question.
From what has been said it follows that the Industrial Act, in so far as it provides compensation in cases where the death is caused by the wrongful -act or neglect of another, and where it assumes to limit the damages in such cases and attempts to impose a waiver on the part of minor heirs otherwise than in the manner herein outlined, cannot be upheld. This, however, does not affect the other provisions of the act, nor does it affect the provisions of the act in cases where the death is purely accidental, as herein-before stated.
This brings us to the second proposition, namely, whether the widow may waive the .rights of the minor heirs. From what has already been said it necessarily follows that she may not do that. The right is a constitutional right, and if the widow may waive it, as was attempted in this case, and as the Industrial Act seems to contemplate, then the right of action, so far as the minor heirs are concerned, is practically abrogated. Moreover, if she may do that, she may also waive the other constitutional provision that the amount of damages shall not be limited. In all eases, therefore, of death by wrongful act or neglect, the waiver of the minor heirs must be obtained in some judicial proceeding in tlie manner herein-before indicated. This disposes of the second proposition.
The third proposition, namely, that the district court erred in denying defendant a jury trial upon the question of whether the accident causing the death was one arising out of and in the course of the employment of the deceased is not so difficult. It is only fair to the district judge who tried the case to state that at the time he tried this case the case of Industrial Commission of Utah v. Evans, reported in 52 Utah, 394, 174 Pac. 825, had not been decided. In that case we held that, in view that in section 87 of the Industrial Act the employee is given the right of trial by jury in case the commission denies his claim for compensation upon the ground “that the accident did not arise out of’ and in the course of the employment, ’ ’ we could not escape from the conclusion that the employer, in ease he denied that the accident thus arose, was also entitled to a jury trial. That conclusion was based upon the fact that the employer, whether a self-insurer or one who contributed to the insurance fund, is directly interested in preventing spurious claims from being allowed, and hence is entitled to defend against any claims upon the ground that the injury upon which the claim is based is not one which was caused by an accident arising out of and in the course of the employment.
If there is one fundamental principle which is calculated to perpetuate our form of government, both federal and state, more than any other it is that every citizen, regardless of his station or condition, is entitled to the equal protection of the law whether it applies to his personal or to his property rights. Every law which offends against that principle in the federal Constitution is necessarily invalid. When, therefore, the language of an act or section which is drawn in question may be given a dual meaning; that is, where it is open to different constructions, it is the duty of the courts to adopt that construction which makes the law conform to the Constitution. For the purpose of conforming to the foregoing rule of construction we felt constrained to construe section 87 of the' Industrial Act' in the Evans' Case so as to give the employer the same rights and protection. that in that section are expressly given to the employee. We therefore held in that ease that, inasmuch as the employee is entitled to a jury trial in case Ms claim -is denied upon the ground that the accident causing the injury “did not arise out of and in the course of employment, ’ ’ the employer must b.e given the same right; otherwise he would be denied the equal protection of the law. That such would be the case is clearly illustrated in the case of Atchison & S. F. Ry. v. Vosburg, 238 U. S. 56, 35 Sup. Ct. 675, 59 L. Ed. 1199, L. R. A. 1915E, 953. While it is true that in the Evans Case we held that the question of the ultimate liability of the employer or the ultimate right of recovery of the employee, under our Constitution constitutes a judicial question which, if insisted upon by either or both parties, must be determined by the courts, yet we did not there hold, nor even intimate, nor do we now hold, that the question must be determined in any particular form of action. All that we there held was that, where a particular form of action or trial is given to one of the parties, the same right must be accorded to the other. It may well be that the Industrial Act could have been so framed as to give the parties a right of review in the courts, or 'in some court, in a different form of action or proceeding than by a jury trial, just as is the case in California, Michigan, New York, and other jurisdictions where similar acts are in force. See Western Indemnity Co. v. Pillsbury, 170 Cal. 686, 151 Pac. 398; Englebretson v. Industrial Commission, 170 Cal. 793, 151 Pac. 421; Reck v. Whittlesberger, 181 Mich. 463, 148 N. W. 247, Ann. Cas. 1916C, 771, and Matter of Carroll v. Knickerbocker Ice Co., 218 N. Y. 435-439, 113 N. E. 507, Ann. Cas. 1918B, 540, reversing 169 App. Div. 450, 155 N. Y. Supp. 1. The foregoing cases illustrate how the ultimate question of liability or right of recovery may be reviewed by the courts in proceedings other than by jury trials. See, also, Courter v. Simpson Construction Co., 264 Ill. 497, 106 N. E. 353, and -other cases referred to in the Evans Case. So long, however, as our Industrial Act reads as it now does, there is no escape from the conclusion that the defendant is entitled to a jury trial upon the question of whether the injury is the re-suit of an accident which arose out of and in the course of the employment of the defendant.
This brings us to the final proposition, namely, that there is no competent evidence authorizing a finding that the- injury resulted from an accident which arose out of and in the course of the employment.
The Industrial Commission at the hearing admitted the statements of the deceased in which he explained when, where[ and how he received the injury.
It is vigorously insisted by counsel for appellant that hearsay evidence is inadmissible for any purpose.
Section 88 of the Industrial Act reads as follows:
“The commission shall not be bound by the usual common law or statutory rules of evidence or by any technical or formal rules of procedure, other than as herein provided; but may make the investigation in such manner as in its judgment is best calculated to ascertain the substantial rights of the parties and to carry out justly the spirit of this act.”
A similar section is in force in the state of New York, and it was there contended, as it is here, that hearsay evidence was inadmissible. The Supreme Court of New York, in the Matter of Carroll v. Knickerbocker Ice Co., 169 App. Div. 450, 155 N. Y. Supp. 1, held that under the section of the Industrial Act referred to above the commission could make an award on hearsay evidence alone, or on other evidence which' would be incompetent under the ordinary rules of evidence. That ruling was, however, reversed by the New York Court of Appeals, which is the court of last resorts, in 218 N. Y. 435-439, 113 N. E. 507, Ann. Cas. 1918B, 540.
In the case of Englebretson v. Industrial Commission, 170 Cal. 793, 151 Pac. 421, it is also held that under the California statute, which, however, is narrower than the New York statute and section 88 of our statute, hearsay evidence is not admissible for any purpose.
While we have the highest regard for the opinion of the California Supreme Court, yet, in 'view that the difference between our section 88 and the California statute is a substantial one, and for other reasons which we shall not pause to state, we cannot assent to the conclusion of that court as broadly as it is stated, namely, that the Commission may not admit hearsay evidence for any purpose. We are of the opinion that for the purpose of determining questions of fact arising under- the Industrial Act the commission, in order to arrive at the truth, may pursue any course or method which to it seems best calculated to arrive at the truth, so long as it does not depart from the provisions of the act. The commission may thus have recourse to hearsay evidence if such evidence may lead' to some tangible fact which sheds light upon the ultimate question to be determined and found. In that respect it is the duty of the commission to observe and follow the provisions of the act, and if that is done neither this nor any other court has the right to interfere with the commission in the method pursued by it in arriving at its conclusions. We, however, agree with the New York Court of Appeals, as expressed in 218 N. Y. 439, 113 N. E. 507, Ann. Cas. 1918B, 540, that although the commission in its investigations may have recourse to hearsay evidence to assist it at arriving at the real facts, yet when it makes its findings every finding of fact must be based on some substantial legal and competent evidence. In other words, every material finding that is entirely based on hearsay or other incompetent evidence is not supported by substantial evidence, and cannot be permitted to stand if seasonably and properly assailed. This, it seems to us, is the only reasonable and practical construction that should be placed on the Industrial Act when considered as a whole, as it must be.
Defendant’s counsel are in error in their contention that the finding that the deceased died from an injury which was caused by an “accident arising out of and in the course of his employment” is based entirely upon hearsay evidence. At least one witness testified that he was with the deceased when he received the injury which ultimately caused his death. True, the witness said he did not remember which finger, or whether it was on the right or the left hand that the deceased was injured. That, in view of the other evidence, is of no great moment. There is no evidence whatever, or even any fact from which a legitimate inference could be deduced that the deceased was injured elsewhere or otherwise than as stated by the witness just referred to. Indeed, there is some evidence to the effect that the deceased was not otherwise injured. As the evidence now stands, therefore, the only legitimate inference is that the deceased was injured precisely as stated by the witness, and in view of all the other evidence the inference is again more than merely persuasive that the injury actually resulted in death. The finding that is assailed is therefore clearly and sufficiently supported by substantial and competent evidence. As hereinbefore stated, however, the defendant is entitled to a jury' trial upon that issue if it so elects, but, in view that the questions respecting the competency and sufficiency of the evidence to support the findings were squarely presented for decision, we had no alternative, and hence were compelled to determine them.
We desire to add in conclusion that we have gone into the questions more fully than we otherwise would have done in deference to counsel’s desire that we determine the effect of the several provisions of the Industrial Act, in so far as that could legitimately be done in this proceeding.
For the reasons sthted, the judgment is reversed, and, in case the defendant still desires a jury trial upon the question whether the accident which resulted in the death of the deceased did or did not arise out of and in the course of employment of the deceased, the case is remanded to the district court of Salt Lake County, with directions to try that question as herein provided. If, however, the defendant elects to abide by this opinion and does not desire to try the question referred to farther, the judgment of the district court will stand affirmed, without costs.
CORFMAN, THURMAN, and GIDEON, JJ., concur.
McCARTY, J., died after the submission of the cause and before the filing of this opinion.
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CASELAW
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Investigating the T-stub connection with different web-to-flange joint configurations
Juan José Jiménez de Cisneros Fonfría, Ana María Gómez Amador, Alejandro Quesada González, Leopoldo Prieto Fernández
Producción científica: Contribución a una revistaArtículorevisión exhaustiva
1 Cita (Scopus)
Resumen
This article evaluates the impact of different web-to-flange joints in the T-stub connection. Mechanical properties of T-stub components were evaluated by experimental tests and by finite element simulations. Three different web-to-flange junctions are evaluated: laminated components, fillet welding and full penetration welding. Generally, laminated and fillet welded T-stub profiles have been considered in the past to study the behavior of the tension zone in the end plate connections. However, in structures predominately subjected to low and high cycle dynamic loads, and susceptible to a fatigue crack, is mandatory full penetration welds execution. This article evaluates the influence of full penetrated welding in the behavior of the full component, and not only in the mechanical capacity of the weld and the weld area. This article analyses how the increment of the free span between the bolt position and the web modifies the position of plastic hinges in the vicinity of the web, with the consequent reduction of strength and stiffness. A total of 72 experimental samples with 8 different geometries were tested to evaluate the different behavior of the web-to-flange joint configuration. A detailed finite element model of the T-stub component has been developed for each joint configuration. The model has been calibrated with experimental results, and it is able to accurately capture the full range behavior of the T-stub featuring any failure model. From the results of the experimental tests and their validation by finite element analysis, it can be concluded that the welded T-stub connection has a lower mechanical resistance, with no significant differences between fillet welding and full penetration welding. And the effect of the type of welding is only seen in ductility, and not in resistance or stiffness. On average, the typologies with full penetration welding have a maximum displacement 1.43 times higher than the fillet welded one.
Idioma originalInglés
Número de artículo116715
PublicaciónEngineering Structures
Volumen294
DOI
EstadoPublicada - 1 nov. 2023
Publicado de forma externa
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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When most people think of Japanese warriors, they think of either the samurai or the ninja. While both were incredibly skilled and deadly, there were some key differences between the two. For one, samurai were noble warriors who fought for their lord or daimyo, while ninja were mercenaries who would often fight for the highest bidder. Additionally, samurai followed a strict code of honor called Bushido, while ninja had no such code.
What is Samurai ?
A samurai was a member of the noble warrior class in ancient Japan. The word “samurai” is derived from the Japanese verb “saburau,” which means “to serve.”
Samurai were known for their skill in combat and their code of honor. They were expected to be brave, loyal, and obedient to their lord. Samurai would often fight to the death rather than surrendering or retreat ing.
The samurai way of life began to decline in the late 1800s as Japan began to modernize. The Meiji Restoration of 1868 led to the end of the feudal system, and the samurai lost their status as a privileged class. Many samurai became businessmen or government officials, while others turned to crime or became ronin (masterless samurai).
What is Ninja?
A ninja was a covert agent or mercenary in feudal Japan. The functions of the ninja included espionage, sabotage, infiltration, assassination and guerrilla warfare. Their covert methods of waging irregular warfare were deemed dishonorable and beneath the samurai-caste, who observed strict rules about honor and combat.
The origin of the ninja is uncertain, but it is believed that they originated in the mountainous regions of Iga and Koga in central Japan. In 1487, warlord Nobunaga Oda issued a ban on Christmas festivities which included a decree outlawing the use of ninjutsu. This suggests that by this time, the ninja were already established as an identifiable group with specialized skills.
Although their exact numbers are unknown, it is estimated that there were several thousand ninja employed across Japan during the Sengoku period (1467-1603).
Main differences between Samurai and Ninja
There are many differences between the samurai and ninja of feudal Japan. The samurai were members of the noble warrior class, while the ninja were spies and mercenaries. The samurai were bound by a strict code of honor, while the ninja had no such code. The samurai fought with swords and spears, while the ninja were trained in assassination and stealth.
Similar Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
What is the difference between a samurai and a ninja?
The difference between a samurai and a ninja is significant. First, samurai were bound by a strict code of honor. They would never perform an act that would bring shame to their family or clan. On the other hand, ninjas were mercenaries who were not afraid to use underhanded tactics to get the job done. Second, samurai armor was designed to protect them from enemy attacks, while ninja armor was designed to help them move stealthily and without being detected. Finally, while both warriors used swords as their main weapon, the samurai sword was heavier and designed for hacking and slashing, while the ninja sword was lighter and designed for stabbing and thrusting.
What are the duties of a samurai?
A samurai is a member of the Japanese warrior class that came to power in the 12th century. Samurai were known for their loyalty to their lord, and they followed a strict code of honor. They were skilled in martial arts and weaponry, and they often served as bodyguards for the emperor or shogun.
Ninja were members of a covert group of mercenaries in feudal Japan. Unlike samurai, who adhered to a strict code of honor, ninja had no allegiance to any one lord. They were experts in espionage and assassination, and they often used hidden weapons such as knives and daggers.
So, what are the key differences between samurai and ninja? Samurai were noble warriors who followed a strict code of honor, while ninja were stealthy mercenaries who had no allegiance to any one lord.
What are the duties of a ninja?
When it comes to the difference between samurai and ninja, it is important to understand the duties of each. For the most part, both samurai and ninja were hired mercenaries. However, there were some key differences in their duties. Samurai were hired by landowners to protect their property and people. Ninja, on the other hand, were typically hired by warlords to carry out espionage and assassination missions.
While both samurai and ninja had different duties, they did share one common goal: to serve their lord or employer faithfully. This meant that they were both highly skilled in martial arts and weaponry. They also both underwent rigorous training to hone their skills. In many ways, they were the ultimate warriors of their time.
What are the duties of a ninja?
The word “ninja” is often used interchangeably with the word “samurai.” However, there are significant differences between the two. For one, samurai were noble warriors who fought for their lord during feudal Japan, while ninja were mercenaries who used stealth and deception to accomplish their missions.
Samurai were expected to uphold a strict code of honor, while ninja had no such code. Samurai were also bound by their loyalty to their lord, while ninja were free agents who would work for whoever paid them.
Finally, samurai fought using traditional weapons like swords and spears, while ninja employed more unconventional weapons like daggers and throwing stars.
In conclusion,the samurai and ninja were two very different types of Japanese warriors. The samurai were noble warriors who fought with honor, while the ninja were sneaky warriors who did whatever it took to win. The two groups had different skills, armor, and weapons, and they used different tactics in battle. Today, the samurai and ninja are both popular culture icons, but they remain very different from one another.
Hey, I’m a blogger! I love to write about interesting things and I love to help people. I’ll be your go-to source for information on the newest trends in blogging, and how you can use them to improve your blog. Make sure to check out my blog for tips on how to make your blog better!
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FINEWEB-EDU
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You can use the PowerCLI Datastore Provider to browse datastores from datastore drives.
Connect to a vSphere server.
1
Navigate to a folder on the ds: drive.
cd VirtualMachines\XPVirtualMachine
2
View the files of the folder by running the ls command.
ls
ls is the UNIX style alias of the Get-ChildItem cmdlet.
3
Rename a file by running the Rename-Item cmdlet or its alias ren.
For example, to change the name of the vmware-3.log file to vmware-3old.log, run:
ren vmware-3.log vmware-3old.log
All file operations apply only on files in the current folder.
4
Delete a file by running the Remove-Item cmdlet or its alias del.
For example, to remove the vmware-3old.log file from the XPVirtualMachine folder, run:
del ds:\VirtualMachines\XPVirtualMachine\vmware-2.log
5
Copy a file by running the Copy-Item cmdlet or its alias copy.
copy ds:\VirtualMachines\XPVirtualMachine\vmware-3old.log ds:\VirtualMachines\vmware-3.log
6
Copy a file to another datastore by running the Copy-Item cmdlet or its alias copy.
copy ds:\Datacenter01\Datastore01\XPVirtualMachine\vmware-1.log ds:\Datacenter01\Datastore02\XPVirtualMachine02\vmware.log
7
Create a new folder by running the New-Item cmdlet or its alias mkdir.
mkdir -Path ds:\VirtualMachines -Name Folder01 -Type Folder
8
Download a file from the datastore drive to the local machine by running the Copy-DatastoreItem cmdlet.
Copy-DatastoreItem ds:\VirtualMachines\XPVirtualMachine\vmware-3.log C:\Temp\vmware-3.log
9
Upload a file from the local machine by running the Copy-DatastoreItem cmdlet.
Copy-DatastoreItem C:\Temp\vmware-3.log ds:\VirtualMachines\XPVirtualMachine\vmware-3new.log
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Page:Young Folks History Of Mexico.pdf/418
412 [A. D. 1812.] The remainder of the year 1811 passed quietly, but early in 1812, after penetrating to within twelve miles of the capital, the insurgents retired to the town of Cuautla, where they were besieged by the royal army. Morelos, who had assumed the leadership, made vacant by the death of Hidalgo, was a man of similar qualifications to the first, and educated in the same seminary of learning, in Valladolid. He was born in the year 1765, of humble parentage, and, though studiously inclined, could not gratify his thirst for knowledge till late in life. At Cuautla (now known as Cuautla Morelos) the patriots were besieged for sixty days, until, when on the verge of starvation, they effected a retreat. By rapid marching Morelos reached Orizaba, which he took, then Oaxaca, far in the south, and then marched upon and captured the important city of Acapulco, on the west coast.
[A. D. 1813.] In November, in the town of Chilpantzingo (in the present state of Guerrero) was assembled the first National Congress of Mexico, composed mainly of distinguished men, such as the historian Bustamente, and the patriot Ignacio Rayon, who had kept alive the spark of revolution after the death of Hidalgo.
was made on the 16th of November, 1813, by which the Mexican people gave voice to their feelings, and declared their resolve to dissolve their connections with the throne of Spain. Slavery was declared abolished, as also imprisonment for debt, and the holding of monopolies. All men were declared free and equal before the law.
In the same month of November there appeared upon the scene a personage who subsequently filled an important place in Mexican history, Colonel Augustin Iturbide, He was then loyal to the king, and at the head of a large force
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WIKI
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Python Development Lightweight Crawler
Source: Internet
Author: User
This two-day self-taught python to write a crawler, summed up:
Development Purpose : crawl Baidu Encyclopedia Python entry page of 1000 pages
Design ideas:
1, Learn about the Simple crawler architecture:
2 , the dynamic execution process:
3 , the realization of the parts:
URL Manager: Python memory
Web Downloader: Python3-urllib Module
Web parser: Using third-party plug-in BeautifulSoup
4 , development ideas:
Entry page:http://baike.baidu.com/view/21087.htm
URL format:
Entry Page url:/view/125370.htm
Data format:
Title: <dd class= "lemma wgt-lemmatitle-title" >
Introduction: <div class= "Lemma-summary" >***</div>
Page ID: UTF-8
5 , the development process:
① first build a Pydev project, create a new Web_spider library, create a new main function Spider_main, call in the main function: URL Manager: Url_manager, Web Downloader: Html_downloader, Web parser: Html_ Paeser., Web output: Html_outputer to complete the corresponding function
Establishment of the ②url Manager:
Creates a new read and unread URL collection to hold the corresponding URL address, defining three functions: Get_new_url (self), add_new_urls (Self,urls), Add_new_url (Self,url) to complete the corresponding function
③ Web Downloader setup:
How to download Web pages:
Import Urllib.request
Response=urllib.request.urlopen (URL)
If Response.getcode ()!=200:
Return None
Return Response.read (). Decode (' UTF-8 ')
④ Web parser creation:
Import the BeautifulSoup module,
Create a BeautifulSoup object, call the Find method to search for and access the node
⑤ implementation of Web page output:
Writes the crawled data to an HTML page
6 , the problems encountered and the solution:
Preparatory work:
First, 1,beautifulsoup:https://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/
2. After the download is complete, it needs to be decompressed, assuming it is placed under D:/python.
3. Run cmd, switch to the D:/PYTHON/BEAUTIFULSOUP4-4.1.3/directory (modified according to your own extracted directory and the downloaded version number),
4. Run the command:
setup.py Build
setup.py Install
5. Under IDE from BS4 import BeautifulSoup, there is no error stating that the installation was successful.
Second, after installing the Pydev plug-in in Ecplise, but can not build the project, later found that there is no configuration Python3 interpreter, the specific steps are: In the Eclipse menu bar, choose Window > Preferences > Pydev > Interpreter-(Python/jython), configuring the Python/jython interpreter here
The instance code is as follows :
( 1 ) spider_main.py
# Coding:utf8
From Baike_spider import Url_manager, Html_downloader, html_outputer,\
Html_parser
Class Spidermain (object):
def __init__ (self):
Self.urls=url_manager. Urlmanager ()
Self.downloader=html_downloader. Htmldownloader ()
Self.parser=html_parser. Htmlparser ()
Self.outputer=html_outputer. Htmloutputer ()
Def craw (Self, root_url):
Count=1
Self.urls.add_new_url (Root_url)
While Self.urls.has_new_url ():
Try
New_url=self.urls.get_new_url ()
Print ("Craw%d:%s"% (Count,new_url))
Html_cont=self.downloader.download (New_url)
New_urls,new_data=self.parser.parse (New_url,html_cont)
Self.urls.add_new_urls (New_urls)
Self.outputer.collect_data (New_data)
If count==1000:
Break
Count=count+1
Except
Print ("Craw failed")
Self.outputer.output_html ()
If __name__== "__main__":
Root_url= "Http://baike.baidu.com/view/21087.htm"
Obj_spider=spidermain ()
Obj_spider.craw (Root_url)
(2) url_manager.py
# Coding:utf8
Class Urlmanager (object):
def __init__ (self):
Self.new_urls=set ()
Self.old_urls=set ()
def has_new_url (self):
Return Len (self.new_urls)!=0
def get_new_url (self):
New_url=self.new_urls.pop ()
Self.old_urls.add (New_url)
Return New_url
def add_new_urls (Self,urls):
If URLs is None or len (URLs) ==0:
Return
For URL in URLs:
Self.add_new_url (URL)
def add_new_url (Self,url):
If URL is None:
Return
If URL not in Self.new_urls and URL not in Self.old_urls:
Self.new_urls.add (URL)
(3) html_downloader.py
# Coding:utf8
Import Urllib.request
Class Htmldownloader (object):
def download (self,url):
If URL is None:
Return None
Response=urllib.request.urlopen (URL)
If Response.getcode ()!=200:
Return None
Return Response.read (). Decode (' UTF-8 ')
(4) html_paeser.py
# Coding:utf8
From BS4 import BeautifulSoup
Import re
Import Urllib
Class Htmlparser (object):
def _get_new_urls (self, Page_url, soup):
New_urls=set ()
Links=soup.find_all (' A ', Href=re.compile (r "/view/\d+\.htm"))
For link in Links:
new_url=link[' href ']
New_full_url=urllib.parse.urljoin (Page_url,new_url)
New_urls.add (New_full_url)
Return New_urls
def _get_new_data (self, Page_url, soup):
#<dd class= "Lemmawgt-lemmatitle-title" >
res_data={}
res_data[' URL ']=page_url
Title_node=soup.find (' DD ', class_= "Lemmawgt-lemmatitle-title"). Find ("H1")
res_data[' title ']=title_node.get_text ()
#<div class= "lemma-summary" label-module= "Lemmasummary" >
Summary_node=soup.find (' div ', class_= "Lemma-summary")
res_data[' summary ']=summary_node.get_text ()
Return Res_data
Def parse (Self,page_url,html_cont):
If Page_url is None or Html_cont is none:
Return None
Soup=beautifulsoup (Html_cont, ' Html.parser ', from_encoding= ' UTF8 ')
New_urls=self._get_new_urls (Page_url,soup)
New_data=self._get_new_data (Page_url,soup)
Return New_urls,new_data
(5) html_outputer.py
# Coding:utf8
Class Htmloutputer (object):
def __init__ (self):
Self.datas=[]
def collect_data (Self,data):
If data is None:
Return
Self.datas.append (data)
def output_html (self):
Fout=open ("output.html", ' W ', encoding= ' UTF8 ')
Fout.write ("
Fout.write ("<body>")
Fout.write ("<table>")
For data in Self.datas:
Fout.write ("<tr>")
Fout.write ("<td>%s</td>"%str (data[' url '))
Fout.write ("<td>%s</td>"%str (data[' title '))
Fout.write ("<td>%s</td>"%str (data[' summary '))
Fout.write ("</tr>")
Fout.write ("</table>")
Fout.write ("</body>")
Fout.write ("
Fout.close ()
Run results
Python Development Lightweight Crawler
Related Article
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
Raiffeisen Zentralbank
Raiffeisen Zentralbank Österreich A.G. (RZB) was a significant bank in Austria and the central institution of the Raiffeisen Banking Group (RBG) until its merger into its subsidiary Raiffeisen Bank International (RBI) in 2017.
It had subsidiaries held via RBI in, amongst others: Ukraine, Hungary, Czech Republic, Romania, Kosovo, Albania, Bulgaria, Serbia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, and Switzerland. The largest of these subsidiaries by far was Raiffeisenbank (Russia) which accounted for 74 percent of the company's pretax profit.
History
The incorporation meeting of the shareholders of the Austrian Raiffeisen cooperative was held on 16 August 1927. With this, a central institution was established for the Raiffeisen Banking Group, and since then this institution has functioned as the national and international representative and coordinator for the Group. The founding took place roughly four decades after the establishment of the first Austrian savings and loan cooperative to use the system devised by Friedrich Wilhelm Raiffeisen.
The original company name was Girozentrale der österreichischen Genossenschaften. In 1939, after the German annexation of Austria, the new German owners changed the name to Genossenschaftliche Zentralbank der Ostmark Aktiengesellschaft, and then in 1942 to Genossenschaftliche Zentralbank Wien Aktiengesellschaft. From 1953 on, the new name was Genossenschaftliche Zentralbank Aktiengesellschaft, with the abbreviation GZB also being used for the company. Since 1989, the bank has been named Raiffeisen Zentralbank Österreich Aktiengesellschaft, abbreviated as RZB.
Founded primarily as a liquidity equalisation office for the Raiffeisen Banking Group, the company in its first ten years of operation significantly expanded its business activities through the 1930s to include fields such as foreign exchange and currency transactions, lending, acceptance of deposits and investment in securities. Along with this, the bank's staff also increased significantly, rising to 85 employees at the end of its first decade of existence.
In 1938, one day after the German occupation of Austria, the bank was taken over by a provisional German administrator and subsequently nationalised. The bank was not returned to its pre-war owners until 1955.
In the 1950s, GZB began to expand and transform its foreign operations. This was also clearly reflected in the bank's growth, with the number of staff rising to almost 200 by 1957. By the end of the 1950s, the bank began to found specialised companies or to invest in them. Working with the co-operatives also allowed the institution to offer each and every Raiffeisen bank and its customers a universal range of financial services. The product portfolio of the Raiffeisen Banking Group was further expanded with the founding of Raiffeisen Building Society, Raiffeisen Insurance, Raiffeisen Leasing and other specialised companies.
Along with its position as one of the largest commercial and investment banks in Austria, RZB started developing another main area of business already in the 1980s, founding the present-day Raiffeisen Bank in Budapest in 1986. This early strategic decision to expand into Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) proved to be one of the most important decisions in RZB's history. Starting from 1989, with the collapse of the communist regimes, RZB focused intensely on CEE, initially founding numerous banks to build up a viable network, which was complemented with acquisitions starting from 2000.
Along with Austria, RZB considers CEE to be its home market. The subsidiary bank Raiffeisen Bank International was formed, merging Raiffeisen International Bankholding AG and the corporate banking business and related subsidiaries from RZB. RZB currently holds a stake of approximately 78.5% (with the rest of the shares in free float) and operates one of the largest banking networks in CEE.
In 2005, RZB bought Ukrainian Bank Aval, and renamed its subsidiary Raiffeisen Bank Aval.
In 2007, Raiffeisen made €1.48 billion, 79% of it from operations abroad.
After the international financial problems of 2008, Raiffeisenbank Chairman Herbert Stepic served as spokesman for a group of 10 central and eastern European banks, which asked the European Central Bank (ECB) to extend their bailout.
In June 2013, Raiffeisen supported the nationalised Volksbank Group by purchasing a package of poor loans worth $300mn from them.
In February 2014, Raiffeisen Bank International was reported as reevaluating their participation in the Eastern European and Russian markets, where 57% of Raiffeisen's total assets were, according to bank data. Roughly half of the loans made by Raiffeisen and its subsidiaries in Ukraine were in U.S. dollars, while many loans in Hungary were in Swiss francs. As local currencies tumbled, those loans became more expensive for borrowers to pay off. The bank asked the Austrian taxpayer to buy preferred shares of Raiffeisen valued at €1.75 billion in a capital-raising measure. The coupons would pay 9.3% annual interest and must be repaid within five years, said an Austrian Finance Ministry spokesman.
In 2015 the Raiffeisen Bank made a profit again (379 million euros / $420 million). The bank postponed the sale announced in 2014 of its Polish subsidiary, Raiffeisen Bank Polska SA. Another factor that affected the bank's decision to wait with the sale were the elaborate demands by Polish regulators for bank sales. In response to Poland's new bank levy, Raiffeisen Bank announced that "in principle, we still want to sell the bank, but not under all circumstances and at any price, and we can’t rule out that we won’t sell it in the coming months and years."
In 2016 the parent company Raiffeisen-Landesbanken-Holding GmbH was merged with Raiffeisen Zentralbank; the latter was the surviving entity. On 18 March 2017 Raiffeisen Zentralbank merged with subsidiary Raiffeisen Bank International; the latter was the surviving entity.
Shareholders
Before 2016, RZB was 90.43% owned by Raiffeisen‐Landesbanken‐Holding GmbH, which in turn is owned by the nine Austrian Raiffeisen regional banks (eight regional centres and Zveza Bank). Other RZB owners included:
* UBG-Bankenbeteiligungs G.m.b.H. (4.64%),
* Uniqa Insurance Group (2.47%)
* the warehousing group RWA Raiffeisen Ware Austria (2.40%),
* Raiffeisen Versicherung AG (0.06%)
In 2016 Raiffeisen‐Landesbanken‐Holding GmbH merged with Raiffeisen Zentralbank.
Subsidiaries
The subsidiaries of RZB, other than RBI, included:
* Valida Holding AG
* Raiffeisen Bausparkasse
* Raiffeisen Capital Management
* Raiffeisen Kapitalanlagegesellschaft
* Raiffeisen Vermögensverwaltungsbank AG
* Raiffeisen International Fund Advisory
* Raiffeisen Immobilien Kapitalanlage GmbH
* Raiffeisen Centrobank
* Raiffeisen Datennetz Gesellschaft m.b.H.
* Raiffeisen evolution project development GmbH
* Raiffeisen Factor Bank AG
* Raiffeisen Informatik GmbH
* Raiffeisen Investment AG (RIAG)
* Raiffeisen-Leasing
* Raiffeisen Versicherung (100%-Tochterunternehmen der UNIQA Versicherungen AG)
* Raiffeisen Wohnbau Bank
* RSC Raiffeisen Service Center GmbH
* Raiffeisen Software GmbH
Raiffeisen Zentralbank, the Raiffeisen regional banks and Raiffeisen-Holding Niederösterreich-Wien have numerous investments in companies in various fields of business: The most well known of these are:
* Uniqa Insurance Group
* Agrana,
* Strabag,
* Mediaprint (Kurier),
* Salinen Österreich,
* Landeshypothekenbanken for Oberösterreich, Salzburg and Steiermark,
* Do & Co,
* Demel
* Österreichische Lotterien
Additional companies in which RZB holds a stake include:
* Kathrein & Co. Privatgeschäftsbank AG
* Notartreuhandbank AG
* ZHS Office- & Facilitymanagement GmbH
Holocaust
Theft of Jewish Property
Raiffeisen Zentralbank had charges brought against them by (plaintiffs) present and former nationals of Austria, and their heirs and successors, who sought compensation for the theft of their property during the Nazi Era and the Second World War.
Jewish organizations requested that Austria gets more engaged in the property side of the Holocaust equation.
Movement Against Jewish Business owners
At the time, founder Raiffeisen claimed that the Jews practice usury, cheat, and are dishonest and that they control the livestock market and the money market.
Once Jews were pushed out of the livestock trade this enabled the "Raiffeisen movement" of rural cooperatives to flourish.
Mafia
A number of investigators have suggested that Raiffeisen Zentralbank is involved in laundering money for the Russian mafia.
When Moldovan journalist Natalia Morar investigated money flows involving Raiffeisen Zentralbank, she said she received a death threat from the FSB and she was banned from Russia.
A Gazprom spokesman has said that Raiffeisen Investment AG is a Gazprom partner in RosUkrEnergo, an opaque Ukrainian company. On 6 August 2004, Interfax reported "100 percent subsidiaries of Russia's Gazprombank and Austria's Raiffeisen Bank created the RosUkrEnergoprom company for the supply of Turkmen gas to the Ukrainian market. The company, shared by the parties 50-50, will be registered in Switzerland. However, Raiffeisen Investment has said that it only manages RosUkrEnergo for unknown "Ukrainian businessmen".
According to documents uncovered during the United States diplomatic cables leak, US diplomats suspected Raiffeisen Investment was "a front to provide legitimacy to the gas company that we suspect the U.S.-indicted Russian crime boss Semyon Mogilevich controls".
One of the cases involved the Russian bank called "Diskont". To illustrate the scale of money laundering, $1.6 billion was transferred from Diskont Bank's accounts to Raiffeisen on August 29, 2006. According to the New York Times, Diskont received a 10% commission from the money transfers. In September 2006, the deputy chairman of the Central bank of Russia, Andrey Kozlov, revoked Diskont's license. Just days later Kozlov was murdered.
The bank has been also suspected of laundering money for the Italian mafia.
Troika laundromat
Troika laundromat or ŪkioLeaks is a money laundering scheme organized by Russia's former largest investment bank – Troika Dialog. This scheme allowed allowed the flow of some $4.8 billion of funds from Russian companies and figures into Europe and the US between 2003 and early 2013. It was noted that Raiffeisen have neglected AML obligations during handling the Troika's money.
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WIKI
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-- Little Debbie Maker to Buy Drake’s Brand, Hostess Says
Hostess Brands Inc. said United
States Bakery Inc. offered to buy certain bread brands for $28.9
million and that McKee Foods Corp., maker of Little Debbie
snacks, agreed to pay $27.5 million for its Drake’s brand. “The contemplated purchase prices for Drake’s and the four
bread brands, together with our previous announced stalking-
horse bid for the majority of our bread business, means we have
agreements to sell these assets for at least $440 million,”
Hostess Chief Executive Officer Gregory F. Rayburn said
yesterday in a statement. United States Bakery agreed to buy the Sweetheart, Eddy’s,
Standish Farms and Grandma Emilie’s bread brands, four bakeries
and 14 depots, plus certain equipment, according to court
papers. “The Drake’s brand has its roots in a family baking
business, much like McKee Foods and the Little Debbie brand,”
Mike McKee , chief executive officer of McKee Foods, said in an
e-mailed statement. “We believe that Drake’s will have a strong
future within our family of brands,” McKee added. Drake’s products include Devil Dogs, Ring Dings, Yodels,
Yankee Doodles, Sunny Doodles, Funny Bones and Drake’s Coffee
Cake. McKee, based in Collegedale, Tennessee , will buy the
brands and specific equipment, according to court papers.
statement. Bidding, Auction A hearing to consider approval of bidding procedures is set
for Feb. 11. Hostess has requested a March 15 auction date and a
March 19 court hearing to authorize the sale to the highest or
otherwise best bidders. The proposals are subject to court
approval. The remaining bread brands, as well as the Hostess
snack cake business, will be sold separately, according to the
statement. “This agreement, if successful, allows United States
Bakery to continue our long range growth plans through
acquisition and market expansion,” Bob Albers, the company’s
chief executive officer, said yesterday in an e-mailed
statement. “We believe the assets and brands will allow us to
provide fresh baked Franz Bakery products to a wider and diverse
geographical base.” Wonder Bread Flowers Foods Inc. (FLO) , based in Thomasville, Georgia , will
serve as the lead, or stalking-horse, bidder for Hostess’s
Wonder, Butternut, Home Pride, Merita and Nature’s Pride brands,
20 bread plants, 38 depots and other assets. Flowers is offering
$360 million, plus $30 million for the Beefsteak brand. An
auction is set for Feb. 28, followed by a hearing to authorize
the sales. Flowers Foods, established in 1919, produces and markets
packaged baked goods for retail and food-service customers. The
company’s top brands are Nature’s Own and Tastykake. Hostess, the 82-year-old maker of Hostess CupCakes, Ding
Dongs and Ho Hos, began to wind down in November after failing
to reach an agreement with its bakers’ union on concessions to
help the company emerge from its second bankruptcy. Changes in
American diets led to years of declining sales at Hostess, while
ingredient costs and labor expenses climbed. A standoff with striking union workers triggered
liquidation auctions of Hostess’s brands, recipes, plants and
other assets. The Bakery Confectionery Tobacco Workers and Grain
Millers International Union, which represented more than 5,000
Hostess workers, went on strike Nov. 9 after U.S. Bankruptcy
Judge Robert Drain in White, Plains, New York , imposed contract
concessions opposed by more than 90 percent of the union’s
members. Retiree Benefits Hostess yesterday asked the bankruptcy judge for permission
to stop providing benefits to retirees. The projected cost of providing retiree benefits from June
2012 through this coming June is $1.1 million, or an average
monthly cost of $94,100, according to company’s court filing.
Because the benefits don’t add value to the estates and aren’t
necessary to the company’s winddown, lenders have made clear
that they won’t agree to continue to fund the benefits after the
end of February, according to the filing. The company hasn’t reached an agreement with unions on the
matter, lawyers for Hostess said in the filing. Previously known as Interstate Bakeries Corp., Hostess
exited an earlier bankruptcy in 2009 under the control of buyout
firm Ripplewood Holdings LLC and lenders. Hostess entered
bankruptcy again in January 2012. The case is In re Hostess Brands Inc., 12-22052, U.S.
Bankruptcy Court , Southern District of New York ( White Plains ).
The previous bankruptcy was In re Interstate Bakeries Corp.,
04-45814, U.S. Bankruptcy Court, Western District of Missouri
( Kansas City ). To contact the reporter on this story:
Dawn McCarty in Wilmington at
dmccarty@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
John Pickering at
jpickering@bloomberg.net
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Page:The Spirit of French Music.djvu/210
they who told me about it. They laughed over it as seminarists might after allowing themselves some innocent though rather daring pleasantry on sacred subjects. The American wanted to know what was the evil, the "wound" from which King Amfortas suffers, and which betrays itself all through Parsifal by such violent physical manifestations of pain. "An ulcerated stomach," they told him. The reply satisfied him, for he could now see why Amfortas is unable to take part in a certain much desired meal, which is no other than the Lord's Supper. The joke is assuredly very irreverent, for Amfortas' suffering is no empty name, it is not connected with silly ideologies, like the famous despair of Wotan, longing to die because in his soul "Knowledge has ousted Love"; it is the suffering of sin, of moral taint, of remorse. Yet my Wagnerians ought to have realised that the mere possibility, were it only in the mind of this man from overseas, of believing their story, implied a sufficiently serious blemish in the work; namely an excess of materialism and of material detail in the manner in which this suffering, which postulates a higher degree of spirituality, is presented to our gaze. This does not prevent Amfortas from singing some very fine things in the second act of Parsifal: their accent is in places sublime.
The second point to pick out in Wagner's dramas is the abundance of repetitions. This feature might seem to be inconsistent with the last—for if the plots of Wagner's dramas are simple and clear, we may well wonder why the poet finds it necessary for one or another of his characters to be recurring at every opportunity to the recital of past events. Let us refer to the terrible scene between Fricka and Wotan
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WIKI
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MODERATE RED WINE CONSUMPTION INFLUENCES THE DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESSION OF METABOLIC SYNDROME AS A COMPLEX RISK FACTOR FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND DIABETES MELLITUS II PUBLISHED
Martina Gazarová, Marta Habánová, Peter Chlebo, Jana Kopcekova None
Epidemiological, experimental and clinical investigations have shown that diets supplemented with moderate quantities of alcoholic beverages lead to biochemical changes, that are widely regarded to prevent cardiovascular disease. Red wine contains a naturally rich sources of antioxidants which may protect the body from oxidative stress. We investigated the relationship between red wine intake and lipide profile, glucose, blood pressure and WHR index changes. Participants consumed 200 ml of red wine Lemberger (MASARYK, Slovakia) each day during supper for six weeks and were encouraged to maintain their usual diet and exercise habits. Daily intake of Lemberger during six weeks was associated with lower plasma levels of total cholesterol (5.66±1.12 vs 5.36±1.04), triglycerides (1.68±0.23 vs 1.47±0.66), LDL cholesterol (3.46±0.81 vs 3.26±0.76) and glucose (5.35±0.82 vs 5.26±0.78). On the contrary we recorded higher level of „good“ HDL cholesterol (1.42±0.63 vs 1.80±0.58). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure was also decreased. Research results have shown that moderate consumption of red wine have a positive impact on changes waist circumference and ultimately to the Waist to Hip Ratio (WHR). Our study demonstrates a positive association between moderate wine consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome.
wine, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, lipide profile, blood pressure
Presentation: oral
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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UBC Theses and Dissertations
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UBC Theses and Dissertations
Microglial dysfunction induced by mutant huntingtin Connolly, Colúm
Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a devastating, late-onset neurodegenerative disorder that causes profound behavioral abnormalities, language impairment, and alterations in personality in affected patients. HD is an autosomal dominantly inherited disease, caused by a CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion in the huntingtin gene. HD effects up to 1 in 10,000 in populations of European ancestry, but with at least a 10 fold reduced prevalence rate in individuals in Asian or African descent. The critical mechanisms by which the expansion in the huntingtin gene leads to selective neurodegeneration in HD are poorly understood. The purpose of this thesis was to better understand the microglial dysfunction caused by mutant huntingtin and the potential role this microglial dysfunction may play in the pathogenesis of HD. Huntingtin, the protein (HTT) expressed from the huntingtin gene, is ubiquitously expressed in many tissues, with the highest expression levels in brain and testis. Over the last 20 years there have been multiple scientific breakthroughs allowing the development of an array of model systems to investigate HD pathogenesis. Immune dysfunction has recently been implicated in a number of neurodegenerative diseases, including HD. In conclusion, the mechanism of neurodegeneration is not well understood in HD, inflammation could play a pivotal role in the progression of the disease. Inflammation is altered in immune cells containing mutant HTT (mHTT), and although I was unable to provide conclusive evidence that mHTT-induced microglial dysfunction and related neuroinflammation are required for neurodegeneration in an HD mouse model, my work highlights the importance of critically evaluating proposed new disease mechanisms as many will not be directly involved in HD neurodegeneration. My research provides concrete evidence that immune dysfunction occurs in monocyte cells expressing mHTT, however, this cell intrinsic dysfunction does not play a major role in the HD phenotype of the BACHD mouse model.
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Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 Canada
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Google Earth just helped solve a 22-year-old missing person's case
The skeletal remains of a man who went missing in Florida 22 years ago have been found in a submerged car, which was visible on Google Earth.Barry Fay was exploring his former neighborhood in Wellington, Florida via Google Earth when he stumbled upon a white car submerged in a local pond.The white car was heavily calcified and contained the remains of a man who went missing 22 years ago.The missing man was 40-year-old William Moldt, who disappeared after leaving a nightclub in November 1997. His case was never solved.Visit Insider's homepage for more stories.Barry Fay just wanted to explore his former neighborhood on Google Earth, when stumbled upon a submerged car in a lake and accidentally solved a 22-year-old missing person's case.As Fay zoomed closer into the satellite images of his old neighborhood in Wellington, Florida, he noticed a car wreck in a pond in Moon Bay Circle. He reported his discovery to the police, and shortly after, the authorities recovered a white car.Read more: 11 incredibly useful Google Maps features everyone should know aboutThe heavily-calcified vehicle contained the skeletal remains of William Moldt, a 40-year-old man who went missing since 1997.
According to WPTV, Moldt had disappeared after leaving a nightclub in Lantana, Florida in November 1997. Witnesses testified that he appeared sober at the time and Moldt even called his girlfriend to tell her he would be home soon. But he never got there. Palm Beach County Sheriff's Office told the BBC that Moldt is presumed to have lost control of his vehicle and driven into the pond.Read more: How to find coordinates on Google Maps on your phone or computer, to identify and share an exact location While the housing estate behind the pond that Moldt was found in was still in the construction phase at the time, the pond had already been built. According to a report by the Charley Project, the "vehicle had plainly [been] visible on a Google Earth satellite photo of the area since 2007, but apparently no-one had noticed it until 2019".Fay, who made the incredible discovery, said that he had never seen anything from the shore and that it was just a pure coincidence that the mystery of the missing William Moldt was solved via Google Earth.
Read the original article on BILD. Copyright 2019.
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Milica Špikić
Milica Špikić (Милица Шпикић, born 28 March 1991 in Jagodina, SFR Yugoslavia) is a former Serbian professional basketball player. In career she played for Partizan, Stara Pazova and Radnički Kragujevac.
Honours
Partizan
* National Cup of Serbia (2): 2010–11, 2017–18
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WIKI
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Charles Rodman Campbell
Charles Rodman Campbell (October 21, 1954 – May 27, 1994) was an American serial killer who was executed by hanging in 1994 by the state of Washington for a 1982 triple murder committed in Clearview. He was later posthumously linked to an earlier 1975 murder via DNA.
Crimes
In December 1974, Campbell attacked 23-year-old Renae Wicklund while she was doing yard work outside her Clearview, Washington home. He demanded that she perform oral sex on him at knifepoint, threatening to kill her infant daughter, Shannah, if she did not comply. Wicklund submitted to his demands and then called police after he left. Campbell was not apprehended until 1976, when she picked him out of a police line-up. Local law enforcement were not surprised, as they had been familiar with Campbell since his childhood.
At the subsequent trial, Wicklund and her neighbor, Barbara Hendrickson, testified in detail about the assault, and Campbell was sentenced to 40 years in prison for first-degree rape. Unknown to Wicklund, Campbell's sentences ran concurrently, not consecutively. This meant that he could in theory be paroled in seven years. Ultimately, Campbell ended up being released in 1981 for good behavior. His victims were not informed of his release. During the intervening years, Wicklund had separated from her husband, Jack, due to the lingering stress of the assault and devoted herself to raising her daughter, supporting herself and Shannah with an in-home business as an accountant for local beauty parlors, as well as helping students obtain loans for beautician school.
Jack Wicklund meanwhile fell victim to a bizarre incident in December 1977, when he was found tied to a chair in his West Seattle home with massive third-degree burns. After receiving medical treatment, he said that a complete stranger visited his house, tied him up, doused him with gasoline, and set him on fire. Wicklund was required to wear a rubber bodysuit to protect his damaged skin. Five months later, he died when his car crashed into a tree. The exact circumstances surrounding Jack Wicklund's death are unclear, and police never satisfactorily determined whether he had been murdered or had committed suicide.
On April 14, 1982, Barbara Hendrickson's husband, Don, walked over to Wicklund's house and discovered Renae, her nine-year-old daughter Shannah, and his wife, all with their throats cut. Charles Campbell, then residing at a halfway house, was arrested the following week and charged with first-degree murder and second-degree theft (he had attempted to sell some of Renae Wicklund's jewelry only hours after the killings). Police described the crime scene as "resembling a massacre". Wicklund's body was naked, and she had been severely beaten, strangled, and raped with a blunt instrument in addition to having her throat slit (the murder weapon and the object used to rape her were never found). She was covered with bruises, and had a broken nose, jaw, and ribs, a testament to her attacker's aggression. Wicklund also had bruising on her knuckles, suggestive of defensive wounds. Barbara Hendrickson had been attacked and her throat cut after going over to the house to check on Wicklund, who had been ill with the flu that week. Shannah suffered the same fate when she came home from school. She had been choked, and her throat cut so deep that she was nearly decapitated. One of her earlobes was also torn, as the killer had made off with a pair of earrings she was wearing that day. The same day of the murders, Campbell also tried to rape another woman.
Police were told by a neighbor girl that she saw Campbell sneaking around Wicklund's yard with a knife that morning, and other neighbors observed him heading towards the house with a large blanket roll in his hands. It was also obvious that Campbell's getaway from the crime scene was extremely sloppy, with no attempt to conceal anything. A bloody hand print was found on a drinking glass in the Wicklunds' kitchen that matched his fingerprints, and a trail of Renae Wicklund's jewelry was running from the front door of the house down the walkway. Campbell's car had dried blood on the driver's side door handle, and the above-mentioned earring of Shannah's was found in the back seat. A pair of earrings belonging to Renae were found in Campbell's pants pockets when he was arrested. In addition, a fellow work-release resident directed police to a location along the banks of the Snohomish River, where he and Campbell had been on the evening of April 14. Divers retrieved more jewelry and knick-knacks taken from the Wicklund's home. When questioned by police, Hendrickson stated that "the man who'd attacked Renae eight years earlier" was the only possible perpetrator he could think of.
Campbell was arrested at the Monroe Reformatory on April 19, and charged with first degree murder. Held in the Snohomish County Jail, he was unpopular with other prisoners, since he had murdered a child, and because the circumstances of his crime meant that stricter rules would be imposed on the freedoms of inmates on parole.
In 2023, DNA evidence showed that Campbell was likely responsible for the April 1975 murder of University of Washington student Hallie Ann Seaman, whose murder has previously been unsolved.
Trial
At Campbell's November 1982 trial, he refused to testify in his defense or discuss the murders at all. Testifying for the prosecution were neighbors who had seen him sneaking around the house on the afternoon of April 14, and his girlfriend Judy Dirks, who said that on the morning of the killings, he'd been at her home, where he consumed an entire six pack of beer. The next day, she noticed one of her kitchen knives was missing. Dirks testified that Campbell had "considerable resentment" towards Renae Wicklund and had driven past her home a couple of times while on work release. Campbell took the unusual step of cross-examining his girlfriend himself, and got her to admit that he had never told her he wanted to harm Renae Wicklund.
The defense did not call any witnesses or present any evidence other than that the case was a miscarriage of justice because investigators immediately focused on Campbell and did not search for any other potential suspects. Numerous citizens of Clearview had signed a petition demanding the death penalty for him, and the jury agreed, arguing that he showed no signs whatsoever of remorse for killing the Wicklunds and Barbara Hendrickson. During the trial, Campbell remained for the most part detached, and said little. Even the crime scene and autopsy photos (see below) did not arouse much noticeable emotion in him. Renae Wicklund's mother and sister, who lived in North Dakota, were particularly shocked by the murders because she had never told them about being raped eight years earlier.
During the trial, Campbell's attorneys argued that he could not be charged with rape, since the wound in Renae Wicklund's vagina was a post-mortem injury that had not bled. Snohomish County Coroner Dr. Clayton Haberman, who performed the autopsies, pointed out that brain death does not occur until a few minutes after circulation ceases, and she could technically have still been alive when the assault happened, but it may just as easily have been hours later. He also noted that Shannah lost so much blood that it was difficult to collect a sample from her. Judge Dennis Britt thus ordered the jury to disregard the rape allegations. The defense also protested the prosecution's decision to display graphic autopsy photos of the Wicklunds and Barbara Hendrickson. Judge Britt allowed this, but said that the jurors could decide for themselves whether they wanted to see their blood-splattered clothing.
Because the only living witness to the murders would not speak of or recount what happened, investigators had to roughly piece together the sequence of events on April 14. Renae Wicklund had obviously been attacked first. Shannah was found lying in the bedroom next to her, and it was believed that Campbell may have shown the girl her mother's lifeless body prior to slitting her throat. They were probably both dead by the time Barbara Hendrickson entered the home. Knocked-over furniture in the living room indicated that she could have run into Campbell and attempted to flee, but was caught. The bodies were all positioned in such a way that "the effect seems to have been to intentionally shock whoever came across them".
Incarceration and appeals
Campbell's prison record showed that he had not committed anything more than relatively minor offenses there, but one inmate, who was fearful of being labeled a prison snitch and so had his identity hidden, testified that he had terrorized fellow prisoners into submitting to sex and to get him drugs. Several guards at the Monroe Reformatory attested to being afraid of him as well, and had put in a request to have him transferred to the state penitentiary at Walla Walla, which ultimately went nowhere. Campbell's ex-wife told police that he went to her house and raped her on Christmas Day 1981 and on two subsequent occasions. Police told her that there was insufficient evidence to charge Campbell with anything.
Campbell's mother claimed that he had sex with a pet dog that he adopted, and after learning of his arrest for first-degree murder told investigators that, "It was inevitable. I never believed he was going to end up anywhere but the electric chair." His father and sisters could not be located. As a condition of his parole, he was also required to attend rape counseling sessions, but he ended up becoming romantically involved with his counselor, which led to the therapy being terminated (she became pregnant and gave birth to Campbell's second child). Campbell's mother did not live to see his execution.
In the aftermath of the trial, there were numerous lawsuits. His ex-wife sued the State of Washington for negligence in allowing him to go free on work release and rape her two times. Hilda Ahlers filed a lawsuit seeking damages for the same negligence that led to the death of her daughter and granddaughter. The state also agreed to pay Don Hendrickson $950,000 in damages.
In 1985, a still more damning report emerged alleging that Monroe Reformatory staff had not only covered up for Campbell, but were actively conspiring with him. Inmate counselor Roger Button kept certain inmates on his "payroll", which included Charles Campbell. The inmates supplied Button with sexual favors in exchange for his covering up their prison infractions; and in addition, he used them as extortion agents to beat up prisoners he disliked, collect debts, or protect prisoners he did like. Button denied all of these allegations.
The judge sentenced Campbell to death on December 17, 1984. By 1989, the case had gone through the entire state court system. Campbell's lawyers appealed his conviction and sentence for 12 years (a total of three appeals). The Washington Supreme Court affirmed the conviction and sentence.
The state offered inmates the choice of execution by lethal injection or hanging. If the inmate did not choose, execution would be by hanging. Campbell declined to choose how he would be executed, arguing that participating in the decision on how he would die was akin to his committing suicide, which Campbell's lawyers argued violated Washington public policy. While his case was at various stages of appeal, he remained a much-feared figure in Walla Walla's death row for the next decade, even spitting at then-Governor Booth Gardner when he peered into his cell.
On November 7, 1988, Campbell petitioned the U.S. Supreme Court to review his case. The Supreme Court denied his petition, but that did not end the appeals. There was now debate over whether hanging, fearing decapitation due to Campbell's obesity, was cruel and unusual punishment, and thus unconstitutional. This time, it was Washington State appealing to the Supreme Court in 1993, because the state wanted the case concluded, instead of dragging on for years. Campbell's repeated appeals showed that he would prefer to spend the rest of his life behind bars, rather than face execution.
Interviews with Campbell by prison psychologists concluded that he had "a near-total lack of empathy" for other human beings and felt that it was his right to live life and act however he pleased, and he also had the right to destroy anyone who angered him. He told them, "The world has created me, and I am free to do what I want. There is no right or wrong, or anyone to tell me what to do."
Execution
On April 14, 1994, the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit lifted the stay of execution. On May 3, 1994, Campbell asked the U.S. Supreme Court to put another stay on his execution, and to rule on his claim that hanging was unconstitutional, but his request went unanswered. His execution was set for May 27. Then-governor Mike Lowry was an opponent of the death penalty, but upon hearing the details of Campbell's crimes, he refused to commute his sentence to life in prison.
Twenty-four hours before the execution, Campbell was given his last shower. His last meal was served two hours before the hanging took place, and he refused to eat most of it. The family members of the victims asked to watch the execution, but this request was turned down.
The day prior to his execution, Campbell was non-compliant when officers went to transport him to a holding cell near the execution chamber. Officers found him faint, lying on the floor of his cell, and ultimately subdued him using pepper spray. Campbell spent his final hours talking to friends and relatives, including his ex-counselor and son. Campbell's was the second hanging in two years, after serial child killer Westley Allan Dodd.
On the execution platform, Campbell refused to stand. Corrections officers had to forcefully strap him to a board. Campbell then repeatedly moved his head so that neither the cloak nor noose could be put on easily. It took prison officials 90 seconds to place a hood on his head, and to fix the noose before the trap was opened. The execution took place, and Campbell was pronounced dead about two minutes later. An autopsy confirmed that he had died of a fracture of the cervical spine, and that his death was quick.
Later, while cleaning out Campbell's holding cell, authorities found a four-inch piece of metal that he had been sharpening into a knife.
General references
* Washington Hangs Murderer; Texas Executes Officer-Killer May 28, 1994
* Federal Court Upholds Execution by Hanging February 9, 1994
* Inmate Faces 1st Hanging in U.S. Since 1965 March 27, 1989
* The State of Washington, Respondent, v. Charles R. Campbell, Appellant.
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WIKI
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TMA Engineering
TMA Engineering Ltd, is an engineering business based in Erdington, West Midlands, who supply services around power presses, but are best known for their sideline in building and overhauling miniature steam locomotives.
Most of the railway work that they undertake is in the 7¼" gauge, but they have also overhauled several 15" gauge locomotives, and have built five substantial 15" gauge diesel locomotives. The Romney, Hythe and Dymchurch Railway in Kent has two TMA 15" gauge diesels, Captain Howey and John Southland; The Ravenglass and Eskdale Railway in Cumbria has one, Douglas Ferreira and the Shuzenji Romney Railway in Japan has two. One of the latest projects that the company was to undertake has been the overhauling of the R&ER steam locomotive River Mite over the Winter of 2006/07.
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WIKI
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Ethiopian Crash Report Indicates Pilots Followed Boeing’s Emergency Procedures
Boeing dismissed concerns about a powerful new anti-stall system on the 737 Max for months, insisting that pilots could deal with any problems by following a checklist of emergency procedures. Now, the preliminary findings from the crash of Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302 have cast doubt on whether those instructions were sufficient, adding to the scrutiny over Boeing’s and federal regulators’ response to two deadly crashes involving the same jet model. The findings, released Thursday in Ethiopia, suggest that the pilots on the Ethiopian Airlines flight initially followed the prescribed procedures after the anti-stall system malfunctioned. They shut off the electricity that allows the automated software to push the plane’s nose down and took manual control of the jet. They then tried to right the plane, with the captain telling his co-pilot three times to “pull up.” But they could not regain control. About four minutes after the system initially activated, the plane hit the ground at colossal speed, killing all 157 people on board. “The captain was not able to recover the aircraft with the procedures he was trained on and told by Boeing,” said Dennis Tajer, a spokesman for the American Airlines pilots union and a 737 pilot, who read the report. The findings laid out a timeline of the March 10 flight based on analysis from 18 Ethiopian and international investigators and information from the jet’s flight data recorder and cockpit voice recorder. While the findings are not yet final, the initial evidence has raised new concerns about whether Boeing and federal regulators provided sufficient guidance for pilots. The report and other evidence suggest that Boeing’s procedures may not have worked well when a plane was flying at a high speed. The pilots had a short window to react before going into an irrecoverable nose dive. Tests of the 737 Max have shown that once faulty data triggered the system, pilots had little time to save the aircraft. The system, according to the investigators’ findings, appears to have forced the nose of the plane down several times in less than three minutes. Moments after takeoff, one of two crucial sensors that measure the plane’s angle of attack diverged wildly, eventually triggering an automated system that pushed down the nose of the plane. Angle of Attack +60° Measured by left sensor +30° Takeoff +00° Right sensor –30° Sensors diverge –60° 8:38 8:39 8:40 8:41 8:42 8:43 a.m. Final downward nose angle Altitude Request to return to airport Pilot describes flight control problems 5,000 ft. Sensors diverge Takeoff 8:38 8:39 8:40 8:41 8:42 8:43 a.m. Angle of Attack +60° Measured by left sensor +30° Takeoff +00° Right sensor –30° Sensors diverge –60° 8:38 8:39 8:40 8:41 8:42 8:43 a.m. Altitude Final downward nose angle Request to return to airport Co-pilot instructed to “pull up” three times 5,000 ft. Pilot describes flight control problems Sensors diverge Takeoff 8:38 8:39 8:40 8:41 8:42 8:43 a.m. Angle of Attack +60° Measured by left sensor +30° Takeoff +00° Right sensor –30° Sensors diverge –60° 8:38 8:39 8:40 8:41 8:42 8:43 a.m. Altitude Final downward nose angle Request to return to airport Co-pilot instructed to “pull up” three times 5,000 ft. Pilot describes flight control problems Sensors diverge Takeoff 8:38 8:39 8:40 8:41 8:42 8:43 a.m. By Scott Reinhard | Source: Report by Ethiopian investigators The new report, Mr. Tajer said, suggests that Boeing may have underestimated the power of the new software, known as the maneuvering characteristics augmentation system, or MCAS. “It was too aggressive,” he said. “They left the pilot with no ability to gain control of the aircraft if it went to the full limit.” The preliminary findings add to Boeing’s woes, which have mounted after the Ethiopian Airlines disaster and the crash of a Lion Air 737 Max less than five months earlier in Indonesia. The company said this week that it needed more time to finish a software update and training, which will be necessary before the planes can fly again. Lawmakers and regulators are scrutinizing Boeing and the process for certifying the 737 Max. The families of passengers and crew killed in the two crashes have hired lawyers to pursue claims against Boeing. [Read more about obstacles to information-sharing in the months between the Indonesian and Ethiopian crashes.] “Boeing has made good aircraft over the years, but this is a radical departure from that,” said Chesley B. Sullenberger III, the aviation expert and retired pilot who landed a jet in the Hudson River. “This never should have happened.” Dennis A. Muilenburg, Boeing’s chief executive, acknowledged the role of the software in the accident. “As pilots have told us, erroneous activation of the MCAS function can add to what is already a high workload environment,” he said in a statement on Thursday. “It’s our responsibility to eliminate this risk. We own it, and we know how to do it.” The Federal Aviation Administration said: “We continue to work toward a full understanding of all aspects of this accident. As we learn more about the accident and findings become available, we will take appropriate action.” Boeing is under intense scrutiny after its best-selling 737 Max jet was involved in two deadly crashes in five months. At a news conference on Thursday, Dagmawit Moges, Ethiopia’s minister of transportation, said the flight crew had “performed all the procedures, repeatedly, provided by the manufacturer, but were not able to control the aircraft.” The report, which could change in the coming months when it’s completed, doesn’t rule out the potential for pilot error in the Ethiopian crash. And some pilots in the United States raised doubts about whether the problems on board had been properly handled. “They did not follow the Boeing procedures,” said Hart Langer, a former Pan Am pilot and United Airlines executive. If the pilots had used the electric controls to pull the nose up more, he said, they would have been able to recover the plane. “Had they done that, it would have cut out the MCAS input,” he said. [Here’s what you need to know about the deadly Ethiopian Airlines and Lion Air crashes, and what Boeing has been doing since.] When Boeing outlined the emergency process in November after the Lion Air disaster, many pilots were confident that the new instructions were enough to avoid a crash. However, pilots didn’t test the updated procedures in flight simulators, because few airlines had them for the 737 Max. The problems with the Ethiopian Airlines flight started almost immediately after takeoff, according to the report, amplifying the pressure for pilots to act. About two minutes after takeoff, a safety system warned, “Don’t sink,” multiple times. A sensor that measures the angle at which the plane is flying began producing erroneous readings, suggesting that the plane was about to stall. There are two so-called angle of attack sensors on the plane, and the one on the left began giving readings nearly 60 degrees different from the one on the right. The faulty data activated the software that automatically pushed down the nose of the plane. Here’s why a system designed to stabilize the 737 Max may have caused two deadly crashes in five months. Once the system kicked in, the report said, the pilots appear to have followed the steps in the checklist that Boeing issued after the crash of Lion Air Flight 302 in October. First, they used electrical switches on their control wheels to bring the nose back up. About five seconds later, the anti-stall software activated again, pushing the plane toward the ground, according to the report. The pilots again used the switches to pull up the plane. And then, as prescribed by the emergency checklist, they disabled the electrical system that powered the software that pushed the plane down. That move forced the crew to manually control the stabilizers, which help right the plane, by turning a wheel next to their seats that helps manually pull the plane’s nose up. Soon after that, the first officer said the manual method was “not working,” the report detailed. The plane’s speed appears to have complicated pilot’s efforts to regain control. At high speeds, the force on the plane may make it nearly impossible for pilots to turn the wheel that controls the tail. There is no indication that the Ethiopian pilots tried to slow the jet down, according to data from the flight recorder. “What needs to be understood and explained is why the airspeed basically increased throughout the flight and the throttles did not move,” said Jon Weaks, the president of the Southwest Airlines Pilots Association. When the manual process didn’t work for the Ethiopian Airlines pilots, they appear to have turned back on the electricity to the flight control system in a last-ditch effort at recovery. But the software activated one last time, sending the plane into a deadly nose dive.
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FAB-9000
The FAB-9000 (Russian:ФАБ-9000) is a Soviet-made aerial bomb. FAB stands for Fugasnaya Aviatsionnaya Bomba (high-explosive aerial bomb) and 9000 stands for the weight of the bomb in kilograms. It is one of the heaviest bombs of the Soviet Air Forces and the Russian Aerospace Forces.
It was developed in the early 1950s, and further modified in the mid-50s. It was produced by the Soviet Union and Iraq, where it's designated NASR-9000.
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AU - Abubakar, Abdullahi AU - Haque, Mainul TI - Preparation of medicinal plants: Basic extraction and fractionation procedures for experimental purposes PT - REVI DP - 2020 Jan 1 TA - Journal of Pharmacy And Bioallied Sciences PG - 1-10 VI - 12 IP - 1 4099- https://www.jpbsonline.org/article.asp?issn=0975-7406;year=2020;volume=12;issue=1;spage=1;epage=10;aulast=Abubakar;type=0 4100- https://www.jpbsonline.org/article.asp?issn=0975-7406;year=2020;volume=12;issue=1;spage=1;epage=10;aulast=Abubakar AB - Preparation of medicinal plants for experimental purposes is an initial step and key in achieving quality research outcome. It involves extraction and determination of quality and quantity of bioactive constituents before proceeding with the intended biological testing. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate various methods used in the preparation and screening of medicinal plants in our daily research. Although the extracts, bioactive fractions, or compounds obtained from medicinal plants are used for different purposes, the techniques involved in producing them are generally the same irrespective of the intended biological testing. The major stages included in acquiring quality bioactive molecule are the selection of an appropriate solvent, extraction methods, phytochemical screening procedures, fractionation methods, and identification techniques. The nitty-gritty of these methods and the exact road map followed solely depends on the research design. Solvents commonly used in extraction of medicinal plants are polar solvent (e.g., water, alcohols), intermediate polar (e.g., acetone, dichloromethane), and nonpolar (e.g., n-hexane, ether, chloroform). In general, extraction procedures include maceration, digestion, decoction, infusion, percolation, Soxhlet extraction, superficial extraction, ultrasound-assisted, and microwave-assisted extractions. Fractionation and purification of phytochemical substances are achieved through application of various chromatographic techniques such as paper chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography. Finally, compounds obtained are characterized using diverse identification techniques such as mass spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Subsequently, different methods described above can be grouped and discussed according to the intended biological testing to guide young researchers and make them more focused.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Wikipedia:Today's featured article/October 4, 2013
Terry-Thomas (1911–90) was an English comedian and character actor, known to a world-wide audience through his portrayals of upper class cads, toffs and bounders. His dress sense and style were striking, as was the gap of a third of an inch between his two front teeth. He worked his way through uncredited film parts in the 1930s before wartime service with Entertainments National Service Association and Stars in Battledress led to a post-war career on stage and then into How Do You View? (1949), the first comedy series on British television. He appeared in British films such as Private's Progress (1956), Blue Murder at St Trinian's (1957), and Carlton-Browne of the F.O. (1959). During the early 1960s he worked extensively in Hollywood, providing a coarser version of his screen persona in films such as Bachelor Flat (1962), It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World (1963) and How to Murder Your Wife (1965). After being diagnosed with Parkinson's disease in 1971, he spent much of his fortune on medical treatments. He lived in poverty towards the end of his life, existing on charitable hand-outs, before a 1989 charity gala in his honour brought him financial comfort for the remaining months before his death.
Recently featured: USS Lexington (CV-2) – Pride & Prejudice (2005 film) – Ramaria botrytis
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TopDrawerSoccer
TopDrawerSoccer.com (TDS) is an American soccer website that is dedicated to youth soccer in the United States. Specifically, the website focuses on Academy soccer, high school soccer, and college soccer in the United States. The website was launched by Robert Ziegler in 2003.
Profile and history
The website was founded ahead of the 2003 college soccer season by Robert Ziegler who was looking to create a website dedicated to the collegiate game and youth soccer in the United States. It runs its own Top 100 youth soccer players nationally and regionally for both boys and girls soccer for all levels of the game.
Since 2011, the website has awarded the TopDrawerSoccer.com National Player of the Year Award which is awarded to the best men's and women's college soccer players for the season. It was first awarded following the 2011 NCAA Division I men's and women's seasons.
National Player of the Year
The TopDrawerSoccer.com National Player of the Year Award is an annual award given by TopDrawerSoccer.com to the best men's and women's players in American college soccer. The award has been given annually since 2011.
National Freshman of the Year
Since 2011, TopDrawerSoccer.com has named the national freshman of the year for both men's and women's soccer.
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Zale calycanthata
Zale calycanthata, the double-banded zale, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by James Edward Smith and John Abbot in 1797. It is found in eastern North America. Adults are in flight in abundance from March to April, with some records from February to May.
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User:I love french food/sandbox
Hello! My name is Trevor Hixson. I live in Loganville, Georgia. I have a sister, mom, and dad. My fav. foods are french, american, mexican, chinese, and japaneese. I love my family!!! My fav. color is green. I love to play my 3DS and going on the computer. I also, love going outside and playing with my friends, swimming, and running. I love wiki!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
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Grafana Agent FlowReferenceComponentsdiscovery.relabel
discovery.relabel
In Flow, targets are defined as sets of key-value pairs called labels.
discovery.relabel rewrites the label set of the input targets by applying one or more relabeling rules. If no rules are defined, then the input targets are exported as-is.
The most common use of discovery.relabel is to filter targets or standardize the target label set that is passed to a downstream component. The rule blocks are applied to the label set of each target in order of their appearance in the configuration file.
Target labels which start with a double underscore __ are considered internal, and may be removed by other Flow components prior to telemetry collection. To retain any of these labels, use a labelmap action to remove the prefix, or remap them to a different name. Service discovery mechanisms usually group their labels under __meta_*. For example, the discovery.kubernetes component populates a set of __meta_kubernetes_* labels to provide information about the discovered Kubernetes resources. If a relabeling rule needs to store a label value temporarily, for example as the input to a subsequent step, use the __tmp label name prefix, as it is guaranteed to never be used.
Multiple discovery.relabel components can be specified by giving them different labels.
Usage
discovery.relabel "LABEL" {
targets = TARGET_LIST
rule {
...
}
...
}
Arguments
The following arguments are supported:
NameTypeDescriptionDefaultRequired
targetslist(map(string))Targets to relabelyes
Blocks
The following blocks are supported inside the definition of discovery.relabel:
HierarchyBlockDescriptionRequired
ruleruleRelabeling rules to apply to targets.no
rule block
The rule block contains the definition of any relabeling rules that can be applied to an input metric. If more than one rule block is defined within prometheus.relabel, the transformations are applied in top-down order.
The following arguments can be used to configure a rule. All arguments are optional. Omitted fields take their default values.
NameTypeDescriptionDefaultRequired
source_labelslist(string)The list of labels whose values are to be selected. Their content is concatenated using the separator and matched against regex.no
separatorstringThe separator used to concatenate the values present in source_labels.;no
regexstringA valid RE2 expression with support for parenthesized capture groups. Used to match the extracted value from the combination of the source_label and separator fields or filter labels during the labelkeep/labeldrop/labelmap actions.(.*)no
modulusuintA positive integer used to calculate the modulus of the hashed source label values.no
target_labelstringLabel to which the resulting value will be written to.no
replacementstringThe value against which a regex replace is performed, if the regex matches the extracted value. Supports previously captured groups.$1no
actionstringThe relabeling action to perform.replaceno
Here’s a list of the available actions, along with a brief description of their usage.
• replace - Matches regex to the concatenated labels. If there’s a match, it replaces the content of the target_label using the contents of the replacement field.
• keep - Keeps metrics where regex matches the string extracted using the source_labels and separator.
• drop - Drops metrics where regex matches the string extracted using the source_labels and separator.
• hashmod - Hashes the concatenated labels, calculates its modulo modulus and writes the result to the target_label.
• labelmap - Matches regex against all label names. Any labels that match are renamed according to the contents of the replacement field.
• labeldrop - Matches regex against all label names. Any labels that match are removed from the metric’s label set.
• labelkeep - Matches regex against all label names. Any labels that don’t match are removed from the metric’s label set.
Finally, note that the regex capture groups can be referred to using either the $CAPTURE_GROUP_NUMBER or ${CAPTURE_GROUP_NUMBER} notation.
Exported fields
The following fields are exported and can be referenced by other components:
NameTypeDescription
outputlist(map(string))The set of targets after applying relabeling.
Component health
discovery.relabel is only reported as unhealthy when given an invalid configuration. In those cases, exported fields retain their last healthy values.
Debug information
discovery.relabel does not expose any component-specific debug information.
Debug metrics
discovery.relabel does not expose any component-specific debug metrics.
Example
discovery.relabel "keep_backend_only" {
targets = [
{ "__meta_foo" = "foo", "__address__" = "localhost", "instance" = "one", "app" = "backend" },
{ "__meta_bar" = "bar", "__address__" = "localhost", "instance" = "two", "app" = "database" },
{ "__meta_baz" = "baz", "__address__" = "localhost", "instance" = "three", "app" = "frontend" },
]
rule {
source_labels = ["__address__", "instance"]
separator = "/"
target_label = "destination"
action = "replace"
}
rule {
source_labels = ["app"]
action = "keep"
regex = "backend"
}
}
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Page:Michael Welsh - Dunes and Dreams, A History of White Sands National Monument (1995).pdf/20
8 in his own resource speculation in northern New Mexico and southern Colorado. He also championed the application of technology to overcome environmental limits, having assisted his father in bringing the railroad, the telephone, and the automobile to the territory. Finally, Governor Otero realized that the twentieth century would reward those who utilized information, and he pursued aggressively the improvement of scientific education at the territory's fledgling institutions of higher learning. Of these, the land-grant school at Las Cruces (now New Mexico State University), and the school of mines in Socorro (New Mexico Institute of Mining Technology), were nearest to White Sands, and produced a large volume of research on the basin and the dunes. The University of New Mexico in Albuquerque (the territory's flagship liberal arts school), and even the teachers college in Las Vegas (New Mexico Highlands University) would send faculty to the dunes in the early twentieth century to gain knowledge about the flora, fauna, and mineral resources of the area.
The scholarly output on White Sands and its environs impressed not only Governor Otero, but all who conducted literature searches for student term papers and scientific publications alike. O.E. Meinzer and R.F. Hare, in their 1915 report on the Tularosa basin for the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), noted no fewer than twenty-five publications of varying length on the dunes and the region. The first mention of the sands came in 1870, when George Gibbs, a geology professor in New York City, published an article in the American Naturalist on the "Salt Plains of New Mexico." The dunes had come to his attention when he received a packet of gypsum sand mailed by General August V. Kautz, stationed with the Army at Fort Stanton. Kautz stopped often at the Point of Sands stage station while crossing the basin, and he knew from his training at West Point of the properties of gypsum. Gibbs quoted the general as saying of the dunes: "The sand is so white and the plain so extensive as to give the effect of snow scenery." Kautz had not "seen a description of the place in print," and thus mailed "a specimen of the sand" to Gibbs for his analysis.
For the next fifteen years, no scholar attempted an assessment of the White Sands until M.W. Harrington wrote in the magazine Science (1885) of "Lost Rivers." He speculated that the Tularosa area had been part of "a supposed old river bed." Harrington further recorded an Indian legend of the basin's formation, "a year of fire, when this valley was filled with flames and poisonous gases." He proposed naming the basin the "Gran Quivira Valley," for the fanciful stories of Indian wealth in New Mexico pursued by Coronado. The 1890s saw further interest in White Sands by academics, as R.T. Hill wrote in the Geological Society of America Bulletin (1891) about the "Hueco-Organ Basin." In that same year R.S. Tarr published in the American Naturalist "A recent lava flow in New Mexico." Tarr took Harrington's "lost river" thesis a step further, deducing from the presence of gypsum deposits, salt marshes, and "ancient
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Page:Pavel Ivanovich Biryukov - The New Russia - tr. Emile Burns (1920).djvu/17
people were ordered to leave immediately, and were allowed to take away nothing, being compelled to look for work elsewhere. In many cases there were families in which a division of opinion took place. The obstinate "possessors" were compelled to quit, but the younger generation, won over to the new ideas, were allowed to remain and to enter into friendly relations with the people.
The political party now in power is called the Communist Party. Its aim is to introduce State Communism, not at all an easy task in a country of at least a hundred million people, the majority of whom are still illiterate. For this reason the Government first aimed at establishing model communist organisations, and gave these favourable opportunities for developing, with the aim of attracting the people towards them. This plan, however, has met with only partial success. Alongside of these official organisations there are a certain number of voluntary communist organisations, held together by moral and religious bonds, which are recognised by the State and given equally favourable chances for development. Some of these communes have grown considerably, such as, for example, the Commune of Abstainers, which lately sent an appeal to the Allies asking them to put an end to the Blockade and to stop armed intervention in Russia—that new war which in my opinion is doing irreparable harm to the Russian people. This appeal was published some time ago in the Swiss papers.
Apart from these Communist organisations the Co-operative movement contains the largest number of groupings in present-day Russia. There are a great many of these Co-operative organisations, both of consumers and of producers, and their machinery is of great value
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