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Data_Sheet_2_Osteoarthritis-Related Degeneration Alters the Biomechanical Properties of Human Menisci Before the Articular Cartilage.PDF (23.67 MB)
Data_Sheet_2_Osteoarthritis-Related Degeneration Alters the Biomechanical Properties of Human Menisci Before the Articular Cartilage.PDF
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posted on 2021-05-06, 04:17 authored by Andreas M. Seitz, Felix Osthaus, Jonas Schwer, Daniela Warnecke, Martin Faschingbauer, Mirco Sgroi, Anita Ignatius, Lutz Dürselen
An exact understanding of the interplay between the articulating tissues of the knee joint in relation to the osteoarthritis (OA)-related degeneration process is of considerable interest. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to characterize the biomechanical properties of mildly and severely degenerated human knee joints, including their menisci and tibial and femoral articular cartilage (AC) surfaces. A spatial biomechanical mapping of the articulating knee joint surfaces of 12 mildly and 12 severely degenerated human cadaveric knee joints was assessed using a multiaxial mechanical testing machine. To do so, indentation stress relaxation tests were combined with thickness and water content measurements at the lateral and medial menisci and the AC of the tibial plateau and femoral condyles to calculate the instantaneous modulus (IM), relaxation modulus, relaxation percentage, maximum applied force during the indentation, and the water content. With progressing joint degeneration, we found an increase in the lateral and the medial meniscal instantaneous moduli (p < 0.02), relaxation moduli (p < 0.01), and maximum applied forces (p < 0.01), while for the underlying tibial AC, the IM (p = 0.01) and maximum applied force (p < 0.01) decreased only at the medial compartment. Degeneration had no influence on the relaxation percentage of the soft tissues. While the water content of the menisci did not change with progressing degeneration, the severely degenerated tibial AC contained more water (p < 0.04) compared to the mildly degenerated tibial cartilage. The results of this study indicate that degeneration-related (bio-)mechanical changes seem likely to be first detectable in the menisci before the articular knee joint cartilage is affected. Should these findings be further reinforced by structural and imaging analyses, the treatment and diagnostic paradigms of OA might be modified, focusing on the early detection of meniscal degeneration and its respective treatment, with the final aim to delay osteoarthritis onset.
History
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Aqua Planet Jeju
Hanwha Aqua Planet Jeju is an aquarium that opened in 2012 in the Jeju Province, South Korea. It is an aquarium operated by Aqua Planet and is the largest public aquarium in South Korea.
Exhibits
Aqua Planet Jeju, It consists of three marine-themed halls, consisting of an "ocean arena" (performance hall) and a "marine science" (science museum) and "aquarium". The main tank, The Sea of Jeju, has a water volume of 5300 m3 and is the largest tank in South Korea. Large sharks and rays such as Sand Tiger and Giant guitarfish are bred in the aquarium. There is also a tunnel inside the aquarium. The main creatures are penguins, seals, sea lions, walruses, arapaima gigas, sand tiger sharks, giant groupers.
In addition, the public aquarium carries out regular beach cleaning and underwater purification work, and has established South Korea's first specialized medical center for marine life, and is engaged in many activities for the conservation of marine life. In addition, Aqua Planet Jeju has educational programs such as a diving experience program in the main tank and an ecological briefing session for otters and penguins.
Aqua Planet Jeju has started a special exhibition of Minions for about a year from July 31, 2020.
Shows
The aquarium has a large dolphin and walrus show. Many shows are held in Ocean arena and are hosted by the Eastern European Synchronized Swimming Team.
Controversies
Initially, two whale sharks and one manta ray were captivity in the main tank. However, it received a lot of criticism from animal rights groups because one whale shark and one manta ray died. An official at Aqua Planet Jeju explained that "the cause of death of fish is chronic renal failure and there is no cure", but public opinion moved to release the remaining whale shark, so it was tagged and released.
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Get Started
What is Web3?
The Internet has changed significantly from the first time it appeared nearly 20 years ago, meanwhile the new blockchain technology is increasingly being applied in everyday uses, from finance, entertainment, and of course, the Internet. The Internet, as we are familiar with, is involving itself in the technology race to change from a centralized to decentralized form. And this is called Web3. For those who have not grasped the basic ideas of this terminology, this article will help break down everything you need to know about Web3.
What is Web3
In Layman’s term, Web3 is widely understood as the third or the latest stage of the Internet. It was developed based on blockchain technology in order to solve the existing problems that the present Internet cannot. Web3 provides the vision of a serverless Internet consisting of interconnected decentralized webs. This is the Internet where users have control over their own data and identities without having any intervention from intermediaries.
From there, it is clear that there is a deep connection between the latest Internet and blockchain technology. Web 3.0 is basically a decentralized network, but a decentralized network must have a consensus mechanism to validate information and create trust among members Blockchain technology is the consensus mechanism to solve that problem. At its essence, Web 3.0 is also another useful application of Blockchain besides crypto and data storage.
Winning points of Web3
Generally, this is not the first time that the Internet has gone through such a big movement.
From its appearance in 1989, when most information was shown in text and image format, the Internet was a place to share knowledge and store humanity’s information about the world. But there was no interactivity between users, which made it a read-only web interface.
Web2 came to solve that problem with the availability of interactions between users. You don’t need to be a developer to create content on the Internet. Many apps are built in a way to easily allow anyone to be a creator like Reddit, Facebook, Youtube, or many other social networks that cannot be counted. Most of us have primarily experienced the web in this current form, which is really great in many ways, but there are still existing problems As Gavin Wood, co-founder of Ethereum wrote on one of his blogs: “It’s a big baby. It has grown old without growing up.” To be more specific, it’s relatively centralized, and large companies – including Google, Facebook, Amazon, etc. – control a lot of people’s data. Web3 holds the keys to solving a long list of Web2 issues such as this.
When talking about Web3, we can mention its outstanding characteristics compared to Web2 like: Verifiable, Trustless, Self-governing, Permissionless, Distributed and robust, Stateful, Native built-in payments.
Unsolved problems of Web3
Web3 may be the solution for the future, but there are some disadvantages of Web3 that must be mentioned:
• Non-user-friendly environment: Most of the current decentralized technologies are not friendly to new users, the users of Web3 must have a certain understanding of Blockchain technology to be able to use it. It will take time for the transition from the traditional web to the decentralized web to happen.
• Huge amount of data: There is no doubt that World Wide Web contains billions and trillions of web pages and terms. Any reasoning system which can read all this data and understand its functionality will have to be able to deal with vast amounts of data. Also, this enormous amount of information to be stored online leads to the following problem of congestion and extension ability.
• Extension ability: Due to security concerns, a decentralized system cannot arbitrarily extend like a centralized system. The early blockchains of Bitcoin or Ethereum were notorious for having extremely poor extension ability, causing the networks running on these Blockchains to be frequently congested.
Conclusion
There is still a long way for Web3 to prove what it can bring to the world, but its potential is enormous and it is likely to become the future of the Internet.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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What is emulation ?
1
Fri Apr 07 2023
What is emulation ?
Introduction
Emulation in a general way is the fact of recreating the behaviour of a specific hardware (e.g. a video game console) by transcribing its functioning to run the games (or programs) developed for this hardware, on another type of hardware initially not compatible (e.g. a computer, a smartphone).
emulation
Emulation will often try to reproduce as closely as possible the original behaviour in a more or less successful way. It may slow down the game if it lacks power or requires optimisation, but it can also improve the result, for example by improving the fluidity of a game or its graphic quality for a more modern and pleasant rendering.
This emulation can be done in two ways, software emulation and hardware emulation.
Software emulation
This is the most common form of emulation. In this case, a program (an emulator) will be developed, which will transcribe the behaviour of the original hardware into a language that your computer can understand.
This is what is found in Recalbox, all versions, on all media (Rapsberry Pi, PC, Odroid, etc.).
Recalbox
But it can be found in other contexts. If we stay in the field of video games, for example, on the Nintendo Switch Online service, which includes access to old games, these run on emulators developed for the Nintendo Switch. This is also what Sony uses to run older generation games (notably ps1 and ps2) on their newer consoles.
Hardware emulation
This form is much less common because the hardware required is expensive, and the work to develop an emulator is more complex than software emulation.
Developers usually rely on FPGAs (Field-Programmable Gate Arrays) which are chips containing programmable logic, which are programmed to behave exactly like the original hardware.
FPGA
This is what is found in the DE10-Nano board (a small board like a Raspberry Pi but including an FPGA) which is used as part of the MiSTer FPGA system for console emulation.
DE10-Nano
On what basis are emulators created
As you will have understood, emulators will try to recreate the behaviour of the original hardware as well as possible. Depending on who develops it, several sources of information are used to create and improve these emulators. There are two main cases.
Documentation of the original architecture
One can rely, if one has access to it, on the architecture documentation of the original hardware. The disadvantage in general is that these documents are rarely public and therefore often the only ones who can use them are the manufacturers of the original hardware. It is however the easiest way to replicate the original behaviour.
This is what is usually used by manufacturers like Nintendo in their emulators. This statement is not always true depending on the manufacturer and the documentation they have left from the time.
Swtich Online
It sometimes happens that some of these architecture documents leak and end up on the internet, against the will of the manufacturer. Emulators available to the general public on the internet, such as those present in Recalbox, do not rely on this information, as there is a high risk of being illegal due to the fact that they are stolen documents.
Retro-engineering
This is the case that we will encounter on Recalbox and on all emulators developed by individuals or teams of enthusiasts, without the agreement of the original hardware manufacturer.
For the development of the emulator, the developers will do what is called retro engineering and will therefore simply rely on what is publicly available, mainly the original hardware, and sometimes its software (firmware or bios) which may have been extracted from the hardware.
This involves analysing this to deduce the behaviour, both at the hardware and software level. This may sometimes involve completely dismantling the original hardware, or occasionally even destroying certain chips in a controlled manner to observe them in detail.
Is it legal
Justice
The legality of emulation will depend on the laws of the country you are in.
For example, in Japan, the laws are very protective of manufacturers in this aspect and emulation of old video game consoles is totally forbidden (apart from the one proposed by the manufacturers), and all Japanese youtubers and streamers for example have to play only on original hardware.
In many other countries, like France or the United States, emulation is often legal, and the usage of roms will be conditioned to the different laws, or if the copyright owner has given you the authorization to use it (sometimes with payment).
This will be the case for the games included in Recalbox for free, for which the authors have kindly authorized us to redistribute them. You can find the list of these games at this address
Sometimes manufacturers even use what has been developed by the community in terms of emulation, such as Sony and its Playstation mini, which itself uses an open source emulator: PCSX ReARMed.
Bios
The bios is a firmware that corresponds to the software loaded on the hardware and allowing the console to operate. The bios is generally a proprietary software of the hardware manufacturer and cannot be provided with the emulator publicly if it is necessary.
Bios
Some of these bios are freely accessible, such as those included in Recalbox, and the others remain private data and it will be up to you to extract them from the original hardware.
However, they are not always necessary for the emulators to work properly, some developers have succeeded in reproducing their behaviour in the emulator's code, always by reverse engineering.
Roms, Roms quality and groups
A ROM (Read Only Memory) is the program containing the game you wish to play. It is necessary to play the game via an emulator. It can either be extracted from the original media (cartridge, disk, etc.), or be read directly by the emulator, provided you have the right equipment.
For those of you who retrieve roms from the internet, you should know that, depending on the extraction method used, the roms are not always a perfect image of the original media, and therefore the quality of the emulation may be impacted or not work at all with some poor quality roms. Some roms have also been modified by teams of dumpers (those who extract the roms to publish them) to insert their signature in the code or even add an additional intro to the game.
Some groups of enthusiasts have also set themselves the goal of developing methods to extract roms from the original media, without altering the content, in order to help preserve these old games, and the video game heritage more broadly, and to catalogue them.
For example, the no-intro group started this project because of the dumpers who were adding intro to cartridge games (hence the name of the group).
Groupes
More information about these groups can be found in our wiki at this address.
Quality of emulation
Emulation of a system is rarely perfect because you are trying to reproduce the behaviour of the original hardware on a completely different hardware. Some emulators have greatly improved in quality over the years of development to have a rendering extremely close to the original, especially for emulators of consoles dating from the 16-bit and previous generations.
However, some hardware being more complex from a hardware architecture point of view, and also more recent, for example the Sega Saturn and the Nintendo 64, the work for the developers is more consequent to arrive at a result close to the original.
Below, for example, on the left is an image taken directly from a Nintendo 64 and on the right is an image of the first public version of the Nintendo 64 emulator for the Switch, on the game Zelda: Ocarina of time, you can clearly see the difference in the treatment of the fog and the rendering of the water.
Zelda 64
Lesser known or less popular consoles are also often less well emulated because fewer people are looking at them.
It may therefore sometimes be necessary to use different emulators for the same console depending on the game you are playing in order to have better compatibility.
Emulation and Recalbox
Recalbox relies of course on these emulators to integrate the consoles, some of them are even developed by members of our community or our developers.
To integrate an emulator (or core) in Recalbox, we impose some rules on ourselves. The emulators we integrate must be open source, just like Recalbox is, and we only add to Recalbox consoles whose commercial life is over. Finally, we only integrate an emulator if its overall performance is correct for retrogaming in good conditions.
For the same console, you will often see several cores appearing, which we make available to you in order to increase the chances of finding the one that will make your favourite games run as closely as possible to how they run on original hardware.
The world of emulation being in constant development, Recalbox's mission is to test and offer you the latest versions of the best emulators.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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George Albert Smith (filmmaker)
George Albert Smith (4 January 1864 – 17 May 1959) was an English stage hypnotist, psychic, magic lantern lecturer, Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society, inventor and a key member of the loose association of early film pioneers dubbed the Brighton School by French film historian Georges Sadoul. He is best known for his controversial work with Edmund Gurney at the Society for Psychical Research, his short films from 1897 to 1903, which pioneered film editing and close-ups, and his development of the first successful colour film process, Kinemacolor.
Birth and early life
Smith was born in Cripplegate, London in 1864. His father Charles Smith was a ticket-writer and artist. He moved with his family to Brighton, where his mother ran a boarding house on Grand Parade, following the death of his father.
It was in Brighton in the early 1880s that Smith first came to public attention touring the city's performance halls as a stage hypnotist. In 1882 he teamed up with Douglas Blackburn in an act at the Brighton Aquarium involving muscle reading, in which the blindfolded performer identifies objects selected by the audience, and second sight, in which the blindfolded performer finds objects hidden by his assistant somewhere in the theatre.
The Society for Psychical Research (SPR) accepted Smith's claims that the act was genuine and after becoming a member of the society he was appointed private secretary to the Honorary Secretary Edmund Gurney from 1883 to 1888. In 1887, Gurney carried out a number of "hypnotic experiments" in Brighton, with Smith as his "hypnotiser", which in their day made Gurney an impressive figure to the British public.
Since then it has been heavily studied and critiqued by Trevor H. Hall in his study The Strange Case of Edmund Gurney. Hall concluded that Smith (using his stage abilities) faked the results that Gurney trusted in his research papers, and this may have led to Gurney's mysterious death from a narcotic overdose in June 1888. Following Gurney's death, his successors, F. W. H. Myers and Frank Podmore, continued to employ Smith as their private secretary. In 1889, he co-authored (with Henry Sidgwick and Eleanor Mildred Sidgwick) the paper, Experiments in Thought Transference, for the society's journal.
Blackburn publicly admitted fraud in 1908 and again in 1911, although Smith consistently denied it.
At St. Ann's Well Gardens
In 1892, after leaving the SPR, he acquired the lease of the St. Ann's Well Gardens in Hove from the estate of financier and philanthropist Sir Isaac Lyon Goldsmid, which he cultivated into a popular pleasure garden, where from 1894 he started staging public exhibitions of hot air ballooning, parachute jumps, a monkey house, a fortune teller, a hermit living in a cave and magic lantern shows of a series of dissolving views. Smith also began to present these dioramic lectures at the Brighton Aquarium, where he had first performed with Douglas Blackburn in 1882. Smith's skilful manipulation of the lantern, cutting between lenses (from slide to slide) to show changes in time, perspective and location necessary for story telling, would allow him to develop many of the skills he would later put to use as a pioneering film maker developing the grammar of film editing.
Smith had attended the Lumière programme in Leicester Square in March 1896 and spurred on by the films of Robert Paul, which played in Brighton for that summer season, he and local chemist James Williamson acquired a prototype cine cameras from local engineer Alfred Darling, who had begun to manufacture film equipment after carrying out repairs for Brighton-based film pioneer Esmé Collings. In 1897, with the technical assistance of Darling and chemicals purchased from Williamson, Smith turned the pump house into a film factory for developing and printing and developed into a successful commercial film processor as well as patenting a camera and projector system of his own. Both he and his neighbour Williamson would go on to become pioneering film makers in their own right creating numerous historic minute-long films.
On 29 March 1897, Smith added animated photographs to the end of his twice-daily programme of projected entertainment at the Brighton Aquarium, as an outlet for his burgeoning film production. Many of Smith's early films, including The Miller and the Sweep and Old Man Drinking a Glass of Beer (both filmed in 1897) were comedies thanks to the influence of his wife, Laura Bayley, who had previously acted in pantomime and comic revue. However Smith also corresponded with special effects pioneer Georges Méliès whose influence can be seen in The X-Rays and The Haunted Castle (both 1897) the later of which, along with The Corsican Brothers, Photographing a Ghost and, perhaps his most accomplished work from this time, Santa Claus (all 1898), include special effects created using a process of double-exposure patented by Smith. Many of Smith's films were acquired for distribution by Charles Urban for the Warwick Trading Company and the two began a long business relationship with a joint show of Smith and Méliès' films at the Alhambra Theatre, Brighton in late 1898 and early 1899.
In 1899 Smith, with the financial assistance of Urban, constructed a glass house film studio at St. Ann's Well Gardens, ushering in a highly creative period for him as a film maker. That year he shot the single scene The Kiss in the Tunnel (1899) which was then seamlessly edited into Cecil Hepworth's View From an Engine Front - Train Leaving Tunnel (1899) to enliven the staid phantom ride genre and demonstrate the possibilities of creative editing. The following year he experimented with reversing in The House That Jack Built (1900), developed dream-time and the dissolve effect in Let Me Dream Again (1900) and pioneered the use of the close-up with Grandma's Reading Glass, As Seen Through a Telescope and Spiders on a Web (all 1900). Film historian Frank Gray describes this experimental period, from 1897 to 1900, as Smith's laboratory years.
In 1902 Smith collaborated with old friend Georges Méliès at the Star Films studio in Montreil, Paris, on a pre-enactment of the Coronation of King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra commissioned by Charles Urban of the Warwick Trading Company after rival company Mutoscope and Biograph acquired the rights to film the actual event. In 1903 Charles Urban left the Warwick Trading Company to form the Charles Urban Trading Company taking the rights to Smith's films with him, at what marked the end of his most active period as a film-maker.
At Laboratory Lodge
In 1904, A. H. Tee took over the lease on St Ann's Well Gardens, and Smith moved to a new home in Southwick, Sussex, dubbed Laboratory Lodge, where with finance from Charles Urban, he went on to develop the Lee-Turner Process, which had been acquired by Urban following the death of Edward Raymond Turner in 1903, into the first successful colour film process, Kinemacolor.
Smith was granted a patent for the new process, which abandoned the three-colour approach of Edward Turner in favour of a two-colour (red-green) The process was first demonstrated on 1 May 1908, followed by further demonstrations in 1908 and public demonstration from early 1909 as far afield as Paris and New York, for which Smith was awarded a silver medal by the Royal Society of Arts.
In 1909 Urban founded the Natural Color Kinematograph Company, intended to commercially exploit the Kinemacolor process. Urban’s future wife, Ada Jones, purchased the Kinemacolor patent from Smith. This enabled Urban to sell Kinemacolor licenses all around the world. Smith felt he was cheated into selling his invention too cheaply, and Urban believed that Smith was selling secrets to rival inventors. However, Smith remained an employee of the Natural Color Kinematograph Company and testified on its behalf during the 1914 lawsuit by rival inventor William Friese-Greene, which challenged Smith's Kinemacolor patent. Smith's patent for the Kinemacolor process was revoked in 1915, after which it faded out of public view.
Later life and death
In the late 1940s he was rediscovered by the British film community, being made a Fellow of the British Film Academy in 1955. Smith died in Brighton on 17 May 1959. Hove Museum has a permanent display on Smith and Williamson.
Selected filmography
* The Haunted Castle (1897)
* ''Making Sausages (1897)
* Old Man Drinking a Glass of Beer (1897)
* The X-Rays (1897)
* The Miller and the Sweep (1898)
* Photographing a Ghost (1898)
* Santa Claus (1898)
* The Kiss in the Tunnel (1899)
* As Seen Through a Telescope (1900)
* Grandma's Reading Glass (1900)
* Grandma Threading her Needle (1900)
* A Quick Shave and Brush-up (1900)
* Spiders on a Web (1900)
* The Old Maid's Valentine (1900)
* The House That Jack Built (1900)
* Let Me Dream Again (1900)
* The Inexhaustible Cab (1901)
* The Death of Poor Joe (1901)
* Mary Jane's Mishap (1903)
* The Sick Kitten (1903)
* Tartans of Scottish Clans (1906)
* Two Clowns (1906)
* Woman Draped in Patterned Handkerchiefs (1908)
* A Visit to the Seaside (1908)
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WIKI
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Hobbes Theory Research
Theorists and other historians have developed some core knowledge that tries to explain some key knowledge on the historical solutions. The development of historical knowledge is deemed very necessary in developing some core explanations in historical contexts. There are quite a number of historians and theorists who have developed some key beliefs and theories that have changed the face of the world. The aim of this study is to describe the various theories and knowledge that were developed by Hobbes. One of the key historians who have developed some great historical knowledge and theories trying to explain and depict the historical knowledge to the outside world is Thomas Hobbes. Hobbes developed some theories in different paths that are the basic things of the common society (Hobbes 109).
Hobbes Believe on Government and the Man Hobbes shared some common knowledge and what he believed to be the best form of government that touched on the lives and on the needs of the people. Hobbes was a great believer of the monarchical form of government. He believed that the best form of government that touched on the lives and on the general outlook of the people was the monarchical governments and that the monarchies were centered on the people. This argument on the form of the government that Hobbes developed was based on his writing in his book the Leviathan. One of the major ideas that shaped Hobbes ideas on various things in the society including the form of government adopted in the society was largely shaped by English civil war that subsequently led to the beheading of King Charles.
This formed the idea to Hobbes that mans’ life is fully a mess and it was largely characterized by war and chaos that deters the human beings to live and coexist well with others. This became the major point that Hobbes used to diminish and create a generally negative and pessimistic view that Hobbes had on human life. Therefore, the main form of government to stamp out and deal with the careless nature of human beings and the various issues that touched on the negativity of the human life was to develop and apply the absolute monarchy form of government that could deal with all the prime defects and other shortcomings of the human life. Therefore, to fully encompass his belief that human beings were fully short-sighted and could not be trusted, Hobbes also developed a belief in the social contract theory.
Hobbes is also the person who developed the idea and the developed the natural law which has become the main idea used the modern philosophers and scientist. The principle of the natural law demands that the society should be in line with the human principles that can apply the powers if the outside principle to govern the code of conduct for the human population. The moral obligation is what is instrumental in understanding what God requires of human beings and how the humans should associate and be in line with the demands and the stipulations that are created by God to govern the human nature. This is the basis of the natural law that can create and develop the best method of discerning what God requires human beings.
Hobbes, however, believes that the laws are given by nature rather than by God and what God requires if human beings are far much less than what nature requires of us. According to Hobbes the sovereignty of the government guidelines everything and those human beings are the subjects that should work towards respecting and upholding the sovereignty of the government it all spheres. It is a mutual promise and a and a voluntary contract that everyone must have total support and must be devoted towards respecting the authority and working towards respecting the law and upholding the sovereignty of the land and the government at all costs and this will benefit both the humans and the government which is in place.
Hobbes was a great believer of the liberty of human beings. He developed various ideas that aimed at promoting and upholding the liberty of human beings. Liberty, as defined by Hobbes, is the freedom of motion that humans have in the society. His information and historical documents on the development and the application of the absolute monarchy as forms of government was one of the things that received wider reception in some countries. The theory developed by Hobbes on the forms of government became a widely acclaimed thing in society and especially in Paris. The theory of natural law developed by Hobbes was also one of the main things that became mostly applied in society. It is one of the common things that have become a major thing in the historical perspective of the people and this has become one of the things that attracted the development and the inclusion of its concepts even in the modern society.
It is the point that was developed and it has become one of the major points that became an interest of many scholars including the scientists and other physicians. Later, Locke develops his own idea on the general type of government that he felt was most important in depicting and governing the people. In this case, Locke developed a theory that supported the representative form of government. This was against the idea that had been developed by Hobbes in his early writings. This formed the basis of Hobbes more writings that opposed the work of John Locke (Dietz 154). Critics of Hobbes Theory As much as the Hobbes theory and his core teachings and writings received some wider acclamation for its various issues and methods that it has included in his teachings, Hobbes theory and teachings also received some key criticisms for his many teachings.
The writings of Wallis in response to the teachings and the writings of Hobbes has become one of the core things that have been seen as the greatest mathematical feuds. Wallis was a mathematician who was fully aware of various mathematical concepts and he felt the writings of Hobbes derailed the mathematical contexts and the truth in the mathematical world. Other groups that were totally against the idea of Hobbes were the atheist. The atheist movement is against the teachings and they believe in God. They have become the main people that have become the common people who are against the teachings and the writings developed by Hobbes. The developments and the idea of the Hobbes theory have continued to make an impact in the society today.
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Talk:flether
Definition given: "to flatter". Rod (A. Smith) 17:35, 16 May 2006 (UTC)
* From rfv. Please post further comments here. If nothing substantive in two weeks it will be deleted. Andrew massyn 18:56, 16 June 2006 (UTC)
* Flether is in the OED. However, it's Scots. Do we have ==Scots==, or use ==English== and put (Scots) before the definition? --Ptcamn 06:15, 28 June 2006 (UTC)
rfvpassed. Andrew massyn 21:57, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
* From WT:RFD:
flether
Definition given: "to flatter". Rod (A. Smith) 17:35, 16 May 2006 (UTC)
* From rfv. Please post further comments here. If nothing substantive in two weeks it will be deleted. Andrew massyn 18:56, 16 June 2006 (UTC)
* Flether is in the OED. However, it's Scots. Do we have ==Scots==, or use ==English== and put (Scots) before the definition? --Ptcamn 06:15, 28 June 2006 (UTC)
rfvpassed. Andrew massyn 21:56, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
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WIKI
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For the latest version of JMP Help, visit JMP.com/help.
Publication date: 11/10/2021
Emphasis Rules
The default emphasis in the Fit Model launch window is based on the number of rows, n, the number of effects (k) entered in the Construct Model Effects list, and the attributes applied to effects.
If n > 1000, the Emphasis is set to Minimal Report.
If n 1000 and k 4, the Emphasis is set to Effect Leverage
If n 1000 and k 10, the Emphasis is set to Effect Screening.
If n 1000 and 4 < k < 10 and n k > 20, the Emphasis is set to Effect Leverage.
If any effect has a Random Effect attribute, the Emphasis is set to Minimal Report.
If none of these conditions hold, the Emphasis is set to Effect Screening.
Want more information? Have questions? Get answers in the JMP User Community (community.jmp.com).
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I have a problem with sound. I once pressed the mute button on my keyboard and since then I couldn't do anything to get the sound back on my headphones (obviously, including pressing mute again).
I tried to go into alsamixer and everything seems okay, except the headphone, which seems like it has no volume at all (and it says: Item: Headphone [Off, Off]) and I also can't increase it. As for the rest (master, pcm, surround, center etc) are all okay. My sound card is a HDA Intel, Realtek ALC1200.
uname -a:
Linux ... 3.2.0-53-generic-pae #81-Ubuntu SMP Thu Aug 22 21:23:47 UTC 2013 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux
Any clue?
• please do not add an answer as part of your question. instead create a new "answer" and mark it as accepted. this way people will know that there is a solution to the problem. – umläute Oct 24 '13 at 7:28
• I know @umläute but I will do that as soon as I am allowed to, since I'm new here. That means 8h or so. Thanks! – watt Oct 24 '13 at 7:39
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Fixed it: The sound was still muted. Seems like the mute button on my keyboard could only mute sound and could not unmute it. I restored the sound with pavucontrol. You can install with "sudo apt-get install pavucontrol".
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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AAAW Single Championship
The AAAW (All Asia Athlete Women's) Single Championship or AAAW Championship is a women's professional wrestling championship formerly contested in the Japanese women's professional wrestling promotion Gaea Japan until 2005 after the promotion was closed down. Originally a heavyweight championship, the weight class was dropped in 1998, making it an openweight title. On March 12, 2021 it was announced that the AAAW Singles Championship would be revived, along with the AAAW Tag Team Championship, at the GAEAISM show on April 29. It was revived in January 2022 and began being sanctioned by Marvelous That's Women Pro Wrestling ever since.
Title history
On November 2, 1996, Chigusa Nagayo became the inaugural AAAW Heavyweight Champion after defeating Devil Masami. On May 1998, during Devil Masami's reign, the title was re-named as the AAAW Single Championship. The title remained active until the closing of Gaea Japan on April 10, 2005. On January 10, 2022, the title reactivated under Marvelous That's Women Pro Wrestling, where Takumi Iroha won it by defeating Chihiro Hashimoto. On November 4, Iroha vacated title after sustaining an injury.
On December 4, Nagashima won the vacant championship by defeating Mio Momono, making her the first person to hold the title both on Gaea and Marvelous.
Reigns
As of July 29, 2024, there have been 17 reigns shared between eleven different champions and one vacancy. Chigusa Nagayo was the inaugural champion. Aja Kong holds the record for most reigns at three. Kong's first reign is the longest at 607 days, while her third being the shortest at seven days. Chikayo Nagashima is the oldest champion at 46 years old, while Meiko Satomura is the youngest champion at 22 years old.
Mayumi Ozaki is the current champion in her second reign. She won the title by defeating Mio Momono at a Marvelous show on August 7, 2023, in Tokyo, Japan.
Combined reigns
As of July 29, 2024.
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WIKI
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-- Afghan Shootings Suspect Bales Arrives in U.S., Military Says
U.S. Army Staff Sergeant Robert
Bales, the suspect in the killings of at least 16 Afghan
civilians, arrived at the U.S. military’s maximum-security
prison in Kansas , the Army said. The Pentagon for the first time today cited the name of the
38-year-old sniper, who has yet to be charged in the case. After
being held in Afghanistan and then Kuwait , Bales was flown to
Fort Leavenworth in Kansas, according to an e-mailed Army
statement today. To contact the reporter on this story:
Tony Capaccio in Washington at
acapaccio@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Larry Liebert at
lliebert@bloomberg.net
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Dem lawmakers: Let's explore benefits for gig economy workers | TheHill
Sen. Mark WarnerMark Robert WarnerFacebook users in lawsuit say company failed to warn them of known risks before 2018 breach New intel chief inherits host of challenges Overnight Defense: US, Russia tensions grow over nuclear arms | Highlights from Esper's Asia trip | Trump strikes neutral tone on Hong Kong protests | General orders ethics review of special forces MORE (D-Va.) wants the government to explore employment benefits for workers in the gig economy. The senator and Rep. Suzan DelBeneSuzan Kay DelBeneDemocrats worry diversity furor could spill into 2020 election House Democrats inch toward majority support for impeachment Wave of Washington state lawmakers call for impeachment proceedings against Trump MORE (D-Wash.) have introduced legislation to look at “portable benefit designs for the growing independent workforce.” Uber, Lyft and other gig economy-style apps are fueling a shift in the labor force toward contract work, which usually comes without normal full-time job benefits such as healthcare and retirement plans. The Democrats’ bill would establish a $20 million grant fund in the Department of Labor to spur states, local governments and nonprofits to experiment with different benefit options for gig workers. “Whether by choice or necessity, a growing number of Americans are working without a safety net and have difficulty planning and saving for retirement, health care needs, or on-the-job injuries,” Warner said in a statement. “The nature of work is changing rapidly, but our policies largely remain tied to a 20th century model of traditional full-time employment.” As workers in some segments of the economy struggle to find jobs, or struggle to find jobs with pay that can meet their needs, many are turning to apps such as Uber or Task Rabbit, a freelance labor service app. While many workers extol the flexible schedules gig jobs give them, they often struggle to obtain health insurance and save for retirement. “With 55 million Americans freelancing, the time has come to build a new safety net to support independent workers as they move from gig to gig,” said Sara Horowitz, founder and executive director of the Freelancers Union. “The lack of portable benefits is one of the biggest impediments blocking independent workers from thriving in the new economy." View the discussion thread. The Hill 1625 K Street, NW Suite 900 Washington DC 20006 | 202-628-8500 tel | 202-628-8503 fax The contents of this site are ©2019 Capitol Hill Publishing Corp., a subsidiary of News Communications, Inc.
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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The abandoned North Concord Air Force Station on East Mountain in East Haven, Vermont dates back to the mid-1950s. During this time, geopolitical tensions were extremely high worldwide due to the Cold War which had been going on since 1947/48. The major conflict was between the United States and The Soviet Union. Both superpowers were fighting for global influence and took many steps to achieve it. Indirect tactics used for achieving dominance included psychological warfare, propaganda operations, espionage, extensive embargoes, rivalry at sporting events, and scientific challenges like the Space Race. Direct tactics included conventional military deployment and the development of a nuclear arsenal. The threat of nuclear warfare was something that the world had not faced previously and it was putting essentially everyone on edge. Fallout shelters were being made everywhere and “duck and cover” drills were practiced in schools. It was during this time that the the North Concord Air Force Station in Vermont was built.
The United States government chose to have an air force station built in Vermont’s remote Northeast Kingdom in order to detect any threat from overseas to the United States. The government chose to have the radar base built on the summit of the 3,440-foot East Mountain in East Haven due to its prime vantage point with miles of views. Construction on the base began in 1954 and it was no easy task due to the little infrastructure on the mountain. In 1956, the radar base and solider housing sections were finished along with the several miles of roads leading up to it. The cost of development was $21 million dollars.
The radar base at the summit of East Mountain consisted of several radar ears which resided in steel and tin towers. 5 of these towers still stand today although they are in rough condition. The radars were on and manned 24/7 in order to detect any possible Soviet attackers. Additionally, at the summit, there was a factory building, several garages, barracks, and offices.
A village was constructed down the mountain from the base in order to house the 174 men who lived and worked at the base. The mid-mountain village was primarily made up of Quonset Huts which housed the beds needed. Other buildings in the village were constructed to house a store, bowling alley, theater, barber shop, and dinning hall. Additionally, there was a nightly bus service that would drive men to and from nearby Saint Johnsbury which would allow them to go out to dinner, take in a movie, or hit the bars. Living in the middle of nowhere Vermont was no easy and these additional amenities went a long way in helping keep the men happy and healthy. Winter was definitely the toughest season to be stationed at the base. Often times, the Radar Road would become impassable due to the snowfall. Men would regularly have to spend extra hours at the radar base before they could get back to the mid-mountain village.
The name of the base changed in 1962 to the Lyndonville Air Force Base. A year later, in 1963, the government deemed the radar base no longer needed. The costs of running the base were high and new technology was making the old radars obsolete. Ultimately, in 1963, the radar base closed down and it has remained abandoned ever since.
In 1965, the government sold the base and surrounding land to a private landowner named Ed Sawyer for about $41,000. Sawyer lived at the base since it was still in good condition and he built out one structure to be his own woodworking workshop. He also began selling off some of the equipment and scrap metal on the base. In the winter of 1969, the owner was upset with unwelcome visitors and decided to create a chain gate. Unluckily, one evening, some individuals drove snowmobiles through the property without authorization and failed to see the chain hanging across the road. Sadly, one of the competitors had his head severed. Vandals and other unwelcome visitors began visiting the property frequently and they took or destroyed much of the interior of buildings. The owner tried to stop them with gates, but eventually gave up since the gates were quickly destroyed.
Matthew Rubin purchased the property from Sawyer. Rubin believed that the area would be perfect for a wind farm. The only problem was that Rubin lacked the capital to build the farm and no banks gave him loans. Ultimately, this plan fell apart. Around 1990 someone was killed after falling off one of the radar towers. On December 19, 1990, the Army Corp of Engineers and Johnson Company designated the Lyndonville Air Force Station lot as a hazardous site. This designation was given due to the pollution caused by the oil and motor fluids that have been sitting on the site for decades.
The North Concord Air Force Station, later known as the Lyndonville Air Force Station, currently sits abandoned above the tree line on the top of East Mountain in East Haven, Vermont. The road up to the base is not easy to navigate and 4-wheel drive is a must. It also is private property and a hazardous site, so do with that what you will. This abandoned Vermont radar station is wild!
- Year Established: 1955
- Year Abandoned: 1963
- Original Function: The station was built to provide the government with surveillance of the St. Lawrence River Valley during the Cold War. The main focus of the radar station was to search for any Soviet bombers that were attempting to enter US territory.
- Address: Radar Road
- Town: East Haven
- State: Vermont
- GPS: Lat 44.6652814 Lng -71.7773877
- Parking notes: Parking is available right at the base. You will definitely want to have a capable four wheel drive vehicle to get up Radar Road. You also should be aware this is private property and a certified hazardous site.
- Parking directions: HERE
- Location directions: HERE
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FINEWEB-EDU
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Page:PracticalCommentaryOnHolyScripture.djvu/694
the apostles, to teach them all things, and to bring to their remembrance all that He had said to them. This Spirit of Truth was to abide with them ‘Tor ever”; but as the apostles were not to live for ever on this earth, the promise was not meant to apply only to them individually, but to their successors, the Popes and Bishops of the Church. The Spirit of Truth which, according to the promise, abides for ever in the Church, preserves intact in her the Truth taught by Jesus Christ, keeps her from error, and therefore renders the Church infallible.
The wonderful Unity of the Church. For nothing did our Lord, before His death, pray more earnestly than that all who believe in Him might be one; and this unity for which He prayed was to be an outward unity such as could be recognised by the whole world. Our Lord willed to found a united Church; so that only a Church which is inwardly and outwardly, invisibly and visibly one, can be the true Church founded by Jesus Christ. There is but one Church which has all these marks! It is indeed a marvellous thing how the Catholic Church can be universal and at the same time one; for the enduring unity under one head of the faithful, of all ages, climes, and languages, could never have been brought about by natural means. The unity of the universal Church proves her to be the creation of God, and proves that He who founded her, our Lord Jesus Christ, is indeed the Son of God.
The Necessity of Faith. “No man cometh to the Father but by Me”, said our Lord. It follows from this that no one who does not believe in Him can come to the Father, or attain to life everlasting. “This is eternal life”, Jesus went on to say, “that they may know Thee the only true God, and Jesus Christ whom Thou hast sent.”
The Necessity of Grace. Only that vine-branch which is united to the vine, and which is nourished by sap from it, can bear fruit. In like manner we must be united to our Lord Jesus Christ by sanctifying grace, if we wish to bring forth good and meritorious works; for only sanctifying grace can give to our actions a higher and supernatural value. He who is not in a state of grace can, indeed, perform good actions, such, for instance, as almsgiving, but his good actions have not the full supernatural value, and cannot merit heaven; and he who dies out of the grace of God, that is, who is not united to our Lord by sanctifying grace, will be lost, and must be punished for ever in hell. For doing good works and winning heaven, the state of sanctifying grace is, therefore, an elementary necessity; but beyond this habitual state we need the help of God’s grace for the performance of every thing that we do; for, says our Lord “without Me (i. e. without My help and grace) you can do nothing (to merit heaven)”. This grace is called actual and assisting grace.
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WIKI
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2010 Manta Open – Trofeo Ricardo Delgado Aray – Singles
Horacio Zeballos was the defending champion; however. he chose to compete in Rome instead. Go Soeda won in the final 7–6(5), 6–2 against Ryler DeHeart.
Seeds
• # 🇺🇸 Rajeev Ram (first round)
• # 🇺🇸 Kevin Kim (second round)
• # 🇦🇷 Brian Dabul (first round)
• # 🇦🇺 Greg Jones (second round)
• # 🇯🇵 Go Soeda (champion)
• # 🇧🇷 Ricardo Hocevar (semifinals)
• # 🇺🇸 Ryler DeHeart (finals)
• # 🇦🇷 Sebastián Decoud (first round)
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WIKI
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HasManyConfig Class
Namespace: Ext.data.association
Base Types
System.Object
Constructors
Name Description
HasManyConfig()
Properties
Name Description
autoLoad True to automatically load the related store from a remote source when instantiated. Defaults to false.
filterProperty Optionally overrides the default filter that is set up on the associated Store. If this is not set, a filter is automatically created which filters the association based on the configured {@link #foreignKey}. See intro docs for more details. Defaults to undefined
foreignKey The name of the foreign key on the associated model that links it to the owner model. Defaults to the lowercased name of the owner model plus "_id", e.g. an association with a where a model called Group hasMany Users would create 'group_id' as the foreign key. When the remote store is loaded, the store is automatically filtered so that only records with a matching foreign key are included in the resulting child store. This can be overridden by specifying the {@link #filterProperty}.
Ext.define('Group', {
extend: 'Ext.data.Model',
fields: ['id', 'name'],
hasMany: 'User'
});
Ext.define('User', {
extend: 'Ext.data.Model',
fields: ['id', 'name', 'group_id'], // refers to the id of the group that this user belongs to
belongsTo: 'Group'
});
name The name of the function to create on the owner model to retrieve the child store. If not specified, the pluralized name of the child model is used.
// This will create a users() method on any Group model instance
Ext.define('Group', {
extend: 'Ext.data.Model',
fields: ['id', 'name'],
hasMany: 'User'
});
var group = new Group();
console.log(group.users());
// The method to retrieve the users will now be getUserList
Ext.define('Group', {
extend: 'Ext.data.Model',
fields: ['id', 'name'],
hasMany: {model: 'User', name: 'getUserList'}
});
var group = new Group();
console.log(group.getUserList());
storeConfig Optional configuration object that will be passed to the generated Store. Defaults to undefined.
© Copyright 2005-2011 SharpKit. All rights reserved.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Tag Info
Hot answers tagged
30
If does not have the attribute SequenceHold; use the "vanishing function" ##&[] instead of Sequence[]: If[# > 5, #, ## &[]] & /@ Range[10] {6, 7, 8, 9, 10} See this and this for other uses, and SlotSequence if you are confused by ##. To further explain the method above, Sequence is flattened when it appears as an argument (level one) ...
12
It depends what you consider nothing, but you could try something like this If[a, b, Unevaluated[Sequence[]]] for example 3 + If[False, 1, Unevaluated[Sequence[]]] returns 3. Wrapping an argument of a function in Unevaluated is effectively the same as temporarily setting the attribute Hold for that argument meaning that the argument isn't evaluated ...
11
Here is one idea: Clear[sf, mySequence] sf[x_] := If[x > 0, mySequence[8, 9], 0] mySequence /: (h : Except[If])[x___, mySequence[y___], z___] := h[x, y, z] f[1, 2, sf[1], 4] (* ==> f[1, 2, 8, 9, 4] *) So I defined a sf function that returns the sequence as the result of an If statement. This is just an example, illustrating the general ...
10
I note that all answers so far try to solve the problem of assigning a potential Null value by manipulating the return value. I feel it would be more appropriate to make the whole assignment conditional. Like this: If[condition, aa = value] There's also a small bug in your program (count isn't initialized), and, of course, it doesn't sort at the moment. I ...
9
You need to use Module option on return myMod := Module[{i}, Do[ Return[1, Module], {i, 3} ]; Print["test"] ] and now myMod (* 1 *) This is because Return only returns from nearest enclosure, which was Do in your case and not from the whole Module unless you use the Module second option to Return. This is different from other languages ...
7
In Mathematica, “not returning anything” is not possible. An expression that does not return anything has a value of Null, even though you only actually see this Null in certain circumstances: Null is a symbol used to indicate the absence of an expression or a result. It is not displayed in ordinary output. When Null appears as a complete ...
6
Calculate the List of results you wish to return and use Apply to replace the head: listFn[a_, b___] := If[a > 0, {b}, {0}]; seqFn[args___] := Sequence @@ listFn[args]; f[1, seqFn[2, 3, 4, 5], 6] f[1, seqFn[-2, 3, 4, 5], 6] (*--> f[1, 3, 4, 5, 6] *) (*--> f[1, 0, 6] *) Here listFn represents the calculation of the results and does not need to be ...
5
Maybe I've missed the point, but a sequence in most ways is just another Mathematica expression, so consider just returning a sequence. f[args___] := args g[x, f[a, b, c], y] g[x, a, b, c, y] g[x, f[], y] g[x, y] Update I have edited this answer to incorporate Mr. Wizard's observation that args in f[args___] := args is already a sequence and ...
4
I think I understand what your trouble might be. Here is your code: a := b means that the left-hand-side is a pattern and the right-hand-side should be evaluated when that pattern is found (roughly speaking). The right-hand-side in this case is: Your function in essence returns the entire module. You can see this by changing Module to something else, ...
3
Print returns Null, and you're returning a list of values, some of which are also Null. So: ReverseList[ele_List] := Module[{list = List[], i, k = 1}, For[ i = Length[ele], i > 0, {i--, k++}, {AppendTo[list, ele[[i]]]}]; Print[list]; list] would be slightly better, perhaps? (Obviously you wouldn't really reverse a list ...
2
I'm having to read between the lines because you did not fully specify your problem, however I suspect that you need to use the third argument of Compile. func = Compile[{{length}}, (result = Sum[i^2, {i, length}]; If[NumberQ[result], result, Abort[]]), {{NumberQ[_], True | False}} ] func[5] 55.
1
To return a sequence using a SetDelayed function simply try seqFu[] := Unevaluated[Sequence[]] Or even Clear[seqFu] seqFu[args___] := Unevaluated[Sequence[args]]; But do not fall into the trap that even though for seqFu2[args___]:= Unevaluated[args] seqFu2[1,2] -> Sequence[1,2] you will have the unwanted seqFu2[1] -> 1 To return a sequence ...
1
Wow, Looks like I'm more than a year late to this party, but I thought this would be nice to post. The Sequence @@ {} trick. Here it is using Mr. Wizard's example: If[# > 5, #, Sequence @@ {}] & /@ Range[10] {6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
1
I’m afraid your base assumption here is false, and the sum compiles much better without this call to NumberQ. See: << CompiledFunctionTools`; func = Compile[{{length, _Integer}}, ( Sum[i^2, {i, 1, length}] )]; CompiledFunctionTools`CompilePrint[func] The output of CompilePrint shows that the sum is performed without any call to MainEvaluate, ...
1
Are you definitely sure you need the error checking for NaN inside Compile? The error checking seems to generate very inefficient compiled code. It basically only calls MainEvaluate, so you gain nothing by compiling. data = Range[1000]; func /@ data; // AbsoluteTiming func1 /@ data; // AbsoluteTiming (* ==> {0.1280073, Null} *) (* ==> {0.0140008, ...
Only top voted, non community-wiki answers of a minimum length are eligible
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Arūnas Degutis
Arūnas Degutis (born 26 July 1958, in Kaunas) is a Lithuanian politician who was a signatory of the Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania.
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WIKI
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Page:Family receipt book.pdf/11
11 pensate the want of this requisite. Some furniture is what is called "French polished" but this French polish is an unguent possessed and applied only by cabinet-makers, and readily to be had by housekeepers. In ordinary cirenmstances, therefore, the furnitnre must be well rubbed, and with some easily procnrable material. The following are the materials we suggest :- Take a gill and a half of unboiled linseed oil, one gill of turpentine, and a tea-spoonful of pounded loaf sugar. Shake all well together, and rub a portion on the fur-niture with a piece of flannel, and polish with a linen eloth. An oil for darkening furniture may be made as follows: Mix in one pint of linseed oil an ounce of powdered rose-pink, to which add one ounce of alkanet root, beaten in a metal mortar; let the mixture stand in a warm place for a few days, when the substances will have settled, and the oil, of a deep rich colonr, may be poured off for use: or mix one ounce of alkanet root, four ounces of shell-lac varnish, two onnces of tnrpentinc, and the same quantity of scraped bees' wax, with a pint of linseed oil; and when they have stood a week, the mixture will be ready for use. Furniture paste is made by scraping a quarter of a pound of bees-wax into half a pint of turpentine, and letting it stand to dissolve. This will keep the wood light. If, however, a quarter of a pint of linseed oil be added to the above, the composition will darken the wood. Another paste, useful for very light wood, is made as follows:- In a quart of hot water dissolve six ounces of pearl-ash, add a quarter of a pound of white wax, and simmer the whole for half an hour in a pipkin; take it off the fire, and when it has cooled, the wax will float upon the surface, and should be worked in a mortar, with a little hot water, into a soft paste. With this, furniture may be highly polished, as may also marble chimney-pieces. It is necessary to mention, that furniture cleaned with paste has the disadvantage of receiving heat-marks more readily than if polished with linseed-oil, which, however, requires more time and labour. In any case, the furniture should be cleansed from grease and stains before polishing is attempted; and this may be done by washing the wood with hot beer, or with soap and water. The safest way to heat furniture paste or oil is to place the vessel containing it in another holding boiling water upon the fire. A fiue varnish for mahogany or other furniture may be thus made: --Put into a bottle two ounces of gum-sandrae, one ounce of shell-lac, half an ounce of mastic, half an ounce of gum-benjamin, one ounce of Venice turpentine, and a pint of spirits of wine. Colour red with dragon's blood, or yellow
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WIKI
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Pope Francis accepts resignation of LA bishop accused of misconduct | TheHill
Pope Francis on Wednesday accepted the resignation of Los Angeles auxiliary bishop Monsignor Alexander Salazar, who stands accused of engaging in sexual misconduct with a minor in the 1990s. Los Angeles Archbishop José Gomez said in a statement that the pope had accepted Salazar's resignation for early retirement. Salazar most recently served as vicar for the Office of Ethnic Ministries of the Los Angeles archdiocese. Gomez in the statement said the city's archdiocese had learned about the allegations against Salazar in 2005. The allegation against Salazar, which was brought to law enforcement in 2002, stemmed from misconduct in the 1990s when he was a parish priest. "Law enforcement [in 2002] had investigated the allegation and recommended that the District Attorney seek prosecution," Gomez said in the statement. "The District Attorney did not file charges in the case." Gomez wrote that Salazar has denied any wrongdoing. The archdiocese sent the complaint to the Vatican office that handles sex abuse cases, the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, which "permitted Bishop Salazar to remain in ministry subject to certain precautionary conditions." An investigation ultimately concluded that the allegation was credible, according to Gomez. "These decisions have been made out of deep concern for the healing and reconciliation of abuse victims and for the good of the church's mission," Gomez wrote in a letter published on Wednesday. "Let us continue to stay close to the victim survivors of abuse, through our prayer and our actions." There have been multiple allegations of sexual misconduct against bishops throughout 2018. The Catholic Church faced renewed scrutiny earlier this year regarding its treatment of sexual abuse by clergy members following the resignation of former D.C. archbishop Cardinal Theodore McCarrick and a Pennsylvania grand jury report that documented decades of sexual abuse by Catholic leaders in the state. News of the L.A. bishop's resignation comes a day after the Vatican released new details on Francis's plans for a sex abuse prevention summit slated for late February. View the discussion thread. The Hill 1625 K Street, NW Suite 900 Washington DC 20006 | 202-628-8500 tel | 202-628-8503 fax The contents of this site are ©2019 Capitol Hill Publishing Corp., a subsidiary of News Communications, Inc.
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Northwest Georgia Regional Library System
The Northwest Georgia Regional Library System (NGRL) is a public library system across the Northwest Georgia counties of Gordon, Murray, and Whitfield.
NRGL participates in PINES, a public library network of 281 libraries in 140 counties throughout Georgia. Any resident of Georgia may receive a PINES library card which allows them access to any of the 8 million books in its collection across the state. The system is also a member of GALILEO, an online database for Georgian residents consisting over 100 databases on a wide variety of topics.
History
The first library constructed in the Northwest Georgia Regional Library System was the Calhoun-Gordon library which was constructed through efforts of the Calhoun Woman's Club in 1904. The next known library was constructed in 1921 in Dalton, Georgia as part of a service organized by The Dalton Woman's Club. It was originally named the Dalton Regional Library, and patrons who wished to use library services would be required to pay a small subscription fee for the first few years of its operation. The county allocated funds to allow the library to purchase books for a children's section. By 1936 the library was already boasting a circulation of over 4000 books per year.
In 1945, nearby Catoosa County Library in Catoosa County joined with the county of Dalton to create the Dalton Regional Library. The main branch of the Dalton library was moved to a new location, the W.C. Martin House in 1948. In 1957 and 1958 the Gordon County Library and Murray County Library also joined the growing system.
By 1971, Catoosa County had a second library in the system, the Fort Oglethorpe Branch Library. Bookmobile service for the region started out of the Whitfield library in 1975. Later in this decade, in 1977 the Murray County Board of Education donated land on which to build a new 4,000 square foot library for the county. The Appalachian Regional Commission provided $160,000 for the actual construction of the library which began in early 1979. On January 20, 1980 the new library was dedicated to the public.
In 1982 the Dalton Public Library left the W.C. Martin House for the recently constructed new regional headquarters. Through a special LSCA grant in 1984 an addition for a Special Collections Room was added to this new location. Another library was temporarily added to the system in 1992. The Fairmount Library Deposit, now an independent municipal library, started under the auspices of the Northwest Georgia Regional Library system who donated their time and libraries to begin this new library and organize it to the Dewey Decimal system. For a short people of time in the early 1990s this library was a part of the regional library system before it left to become independently run.
In 2008 the Catoosa County libraries left the NGRL to become their own independent library system. As a response, and in order to secure more books for their patrons, the NGRL joined the PINES network in 2010. This opened up access to almost 8 million book to the residents of the tri-county system.
Library systems in neighboring counties
* Bartow County Library System to the south.
* Sequoyah Regional Library System to the east.
* Sara Hightower Regional Library System to the south west.
* Catoosa County Library to the west.
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WIKI
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Jan Polák (footballer, born 1989)
Jan Polák (born 26 March 1989) is a Czech former professional footballer who played as a centre-back.
Playing career
Polak joined Polish first division club Piast Gliwice in August 2012 and played with them for two seasons.
In September 2014, he was confirmed as having been signed by Italian Lega Pro (third division) outfit Juve Stabia on a free transfer. In the summer of 2016 accords with Cremonese.
In early 2017, he returned to Slovan Liberec.
On 24 January 2019, he signed with Serie C club Teramo.
On 15 July 2019, he signed a two-year contract with Südtirol. He left the club at the end of 2020–2021 season.
Honours
Slovan Liberec
* Czech First League: 2011–12
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WIKI
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Page:T.S.R. Subramanian vs Union of India.pdf/22
Additional Secretary. Where an officer remains on leave (either from the Centre or from his Cadre authority or both) on the expiry of his tenure as Joint Secretary till his appointment as Additional Secretary, the leave period shall be counted as tenure deputation. Additional Secretary 4 years, except for cases covered under the previous heading. Secretary No fixed tenure.
17.03 Every officer shall revert at the end of his tenure as indicated above on the exact date of his completing his tenure. He will, however, have a choice to revert to his cadre on the 31st May previous to the date of the end of his tenure in case personal grounds such as children's education etc., necessitate such reversion. No extension after completion of the full tenure would be allowed.
17.12 (a) Officers of the Indian Foreign Service appointed to posts under the Central Staffing Scheme would have a tenure of three years. (b) They shall not normally be relieved, except with the approval of the appointments Committee of the Cabinet from a Central Staffing Scheme post before their tenure.
17.13 No lateral shifts of officers from one Ministry/I)eptt. to another will normally be considered. However, in the case of Private Secretary to Ministers the policy followed would be :- (a) The redeployment of a Private Secretary in the same Ministry/Department as Deputy Secretary or Director is discouraged. (b) The Private Secretary (to Minister) who has been empanelled for holding post of Joint
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WIKI
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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 73.djvu/577
73
STAT.]
PUBLIC LAW 86-267-SEPT. 14, 1959
539
together with such neutral persons as the representatives of the employers and the representatives of employees may agree upon and in the event the employer and employee groups deadlock on the administration of such fund and there are no neutral persons empowered to break such deadlock, such agreement provides that the two groups shall agree on an impartial umpire to decide such dispute, or in event of their failure to agree within a reasonable length of time, an impartial umpire to decide such dispute shall, on petition of either group, be appointed by the district court of the United States for the district where the trust fund has its principal office, and shall also contain provisions for an annual audit of the trust fund, a statement of the results of which shall be available for inspection by interested persons at the principal office of the trust fund and at such other places as may be designated in such written agreement; and (C) such payments as are intended to be used for the purpose of providing pensions or annuities for employees are made to a separate trust which provides that the funds held therein cannot be used for any purpose other than paying such pensions or annuities; or (6) with respect to money or other thing of value paid by any employer to a trust fund established by such representative for the purpose of pooled vacation, holiday, severance or similar benefits, or defraying costs of apprenticeship or other training programs: Provided, That the requirements of clause (B) of the proviso to clause (5) of this subsection shall apply to such trust funds." TITLE VI—MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS INVESTIGATIONS
SEC. 601. (a) The Secretary shall have power when he believes it necessary in order to determine whether any person has violated or is about to violate any provision of this Act (except title I or amendments made by this Act to other statutes) to make an investigation and in connection therewith he may enter such places and inspect such records and accounts and question such persons as he may deem necessary to enable him to determine the facts relative thereto. The Secretary may report to interested persons or officials concerning the facts required to be shown in any report required by this Act and concerning the reasons for failure or refusal to file such a report or any other matter which he deems to be appropriate as a result of such an investigation. (b) For the purpose of any investigation provided for in this Act, the provisions of sections 9 and 10 (relating to the attendance of witnesses and the production of books, papers, and documents) of the Federal Trade Commission Act of September 16, 1914, as amended (15 U.S.C. 49, 50), are hereby made applicable to the jurisdiction, powers, and duties of the Secretary or any officers designated by him. EXTORTIONATE
PICKETING
SEC, 602. (a) I t shall be unlawful to carry on picketing on or about the premises of any employer for the purpose of, or as part of any conspiracy or in furtherance of any plan or purpose for, the personal profit or enrichment of any individual (except a bona fide increase in wages or other employee benefits) by taking or obtaining any money or other thing of value from such employer against his will or with his consent. (b) Any person who willfully violates this section shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned not more than twenty years, or both. 32716 O-60—37
^ ^^^^' ^^'• ®
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WIKI
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After firing, Bannon returns to his 'killing machine'
WASHINGTON (Reuters) - With Stephen Bannon, the worry always was that he could be even more disruptive to President Donald Trump’s White House from outside than he was within. In the hours following his firing on Friday, those fears seemed warranted, as the conservative voices who viewed Bannon as one of their own howled in rage over Trump’s decision to fire his chief strategist. The reaction was most notable from Breitbart News, the hard-right news site that Bannon ran before he joined Trump’s presidential campaign last year. “WAR,” tweeted one of the site’s editors, Joel Pollak, who published a piece questioning whether Trump would now move in a more moderate direction with Bannon out of the White House. “Steve Bannon personified the Trump agenda,” Pollak wrote. Bannon rejoined Breitbart as executive chairman only hours after his firing was announced. He is now expected to use it as a platform to blast those within the White House - and perhaps Trump himself - when they don’t hew to the fiercely nationalist policies Bannon advocated as an inside adviser. As Trump’s chief strategist, Bannon fought numerous battles with senior Trump aides and top Republicans in Congress over the administration’s policy agenda. Breitbart frequently backed him up, ripping establishment Republicans such as Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell and Speaker of the House of Representatives Paul Ryan, blaming them for obstructing Trump’s agenda. More recently, the site trained its fire on Trump’s national security adviser, H.R. McMaster, after he removed officials who espoused Bannon’s foreign-policy world view. In recent days, Bannon had told friends he is worth tens of millions of dollars, is a worldwide leader in the populist-nationalist movement that propelled Trump to power, and could go back to Breitbart, which he refers to as a “killing machine”, or perhaps other endeavors financed by the family of hedge-fund tycoon Robert Mercer, his longtime ally. “Steve has a powerful voice, and he’s going to keep that voice up,” said Sam Nunberg, a former Trump campaign adviser and Bannon friend. “He’s going to continue to promote policies that got Donald Trump in the White House.” Bannon had clashed with the likes of Gary Cohn, the director of the National Economic Council, and Jared Kushner, a Trump adviser and the president’s son-in-law, both of whom favored more business-friendly, mainstream economic policies on trade, taxes, and other matters. While Bannon’s ouster may mean a short-term win for the relative moderates in the West Wing, those he dubbed the “globalists,” it does not mean that policy battles on national security, immigration and the economy will dissipate. Trump has a shown a proclivity for seeking counsel from former advisers such as Corey Lewandowski and Newt Gingrich and from conservative pundits such as Sean Hannity. The outspoken and provocative Bannon could join their number. And there remain other White House officials sympathetic to Bannon’s world view, such as domestic policy adviser Stephen Miller. Even so, Bannon’s absence will be felt. “Trump is always going to be Trump on immigration, trade, and foreign policy. But Steve was the highest-ranking adviser who shared Trump’s world view. With him gone, there’s not a replacement for that voice in internal debates,” one administration official said. “I think people have always overestimated how influential anyone can be on Trump. But without Steve constantly pushing back on every policy idea coming from the so-called ‘globalists,’ it’s easy to see how they could have a chance to start winning more policy battles.” Mike Cernovich, an alt-right activist and personality, suggested to his more than 300,000 followers on Twitter that Bannon was sacked to ensure that the White House raises troop levels in Afghanistan, which Bannon opposed. “This is a full-on coup now, guys,” Cernovich said in a posted video. Beyond Breitbart and the alt-right, some more traditional conservative groups were also concerned about the implications of Bannon’s departure. Twenty Republican grassroots leaders, including longtime activists Richard Viguerie, Jenny Beth Martin, and Ginni Thomas, wrote to Trump earlier in the week urging him to keep Bannon on. “We will miss Steve Bannon in the White House because he helped President Trump keep many of the promises he made on the campaign trail,” Martin, co-founder of Tea Party Patriots, said in a statement after Bannon’s ouster. But she also reiterated her support for the president, saying “he is his own man.” If Bannon has anything to do with it, he will push to make sure that Trump stays that way. But some supporters still worried that the radical agenda Bannon fought for could be at risk. “It’s a sad day for the movement,” Nunberg said. “I think it will end up being a mistake.” (Corrects spelling of name in paragraph 22 to Viguerie.) Reporting by James Oliphant and Steve Holland; Writing by James Oliphant; Editing by Kieran Murray and James Dalgleish
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Mark Rawle
Mark Rawle (born 27 April 1979) is a former professional footballer. His last club was Southern League Premier Division side Brackley Town after being released from Conference North side Tamworth. He played in the Football League for Southend United, Oxford United and Kidderminster Harriers.
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WIKI
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Any skin issue in your genital area can cause some concern, but genital warts are especially feared. At times simple pimples can get confused with genital warts by individuals who are unaware of some of the key differences between the two skin afflictions. The fact of the matter is, the differences in causes, symptoms and even how long they last are so dissimilar that once you are aware, you will never second guess yourself again. One of the easier defining factors is pimples are usually inflamed and reddish as opposed to skin colored like warts.
Wart vs pimple: Causes, Symptoms, Differentiation
The biggest difference between a genital wart and a pimple are their underlying causes. While these are not visible factors, it helps to know in case you end up having genital warts. The cause of genital warts is a virus known as HPV. Learn about HIV warts at this link. This sexually transmitted infection can cause genital warts that are highly contagious, helping to spread the virus.
Human Papilloma Virus and Warts
Human Papilloma Virus and Warts
Pimples on the other hand, are caused by such factors as:
• Excessive sweating in the groin area.
• Dirt and oil buildup in pores.
• Adolescence.
• Hormonal changes before a menstrual cycle.
• Hormonal changes due to pregnancy.
• Poor hygiene.
• Allergic reactions to laundry detergents, soaps, etc.
Pimples are acne, and as such the fact that they can stem from just having generalized body acne is often overlooked. If you regularly get acne in other places on your body it is often not out of the ordinary for some to be located in your genital area. Many causes of pimples are due to unseen, in other words hormonal, reasons. Genital warts, on the other hand, have only one cause, so you either have HPV or you do not have genital warts. There are other skin problems that can masquerade as pimples. For more information on genital warts vs ingrown hairs, see here.
Overview of symptoms
Genital warts symptoms at womanGENITAL WARTS: are almost always painless, but itching is very common as a symptom, particularly when many warts are located together. Other symptoms of a rarer nature include burning sensations or the warts themselves being sensitive to the touch. Women who have genital warts located inside the vagina can have additional symptoms such as excess vaginal discharge, or pain and bleeding during sex.
PIMPLES: can be very painful compared to genital warts. The friction of your clothes or due to skin rubbing in the genital area can increase the pain even more. Other notable pimple symptoms are crusting or reddened areas around pimples and potential scarring after pimples have subsided. Pimples may or may not contain whitish fluid or pus which leaks when disturbed or “popped”. To find out if you can pop a wart, check out this article.
Important
Always check with your doctor if you find any worrying skin condition in your genital region. Self-diagnosis is not always reliable. Additionally, genital warts are always contagious, so take necessary precautions to prevent spread if needed.
When examining for differences, remember that pimples often have a white head. Warts do not have heads, nor do they contain pus as they are virtually an infectious overgrowth of skin. It is also important to understand that genital warts are highly contagious, particularly during any type of sexual contact. Pimples cannot spread from one person to another at any point in time. Finally, take note that warts grow slowly over time, thus can never appear suddenly overnight. Since acne infections provoke inflammation, they can literally appear suddenly.
What is a pimple?
What is a pimple?
How to differentiate between pimples and genital warts?
Determining whether a genital skin issue is a genital wart or a pimple is relatively easy. Sometimes, however, one set of differences is not enough to be sure your bumps are simply a harmless case of acne. In this situation you should fully evaluate all factors of the bump including the look, feel, number of bumps, location and any pain you may experience.
Here are some clear and common signs to determine if your skin problem is a pimple or a genital wart:
• Amount: Genital warts often appear in clusters while pimples frequently are single.
• Coloring: Pimples are reddened and inflamed while warts are usually flesh colored.
• Feel: Pimples are smooth surfaced whereas warts are rough.
• Pain level: Pimples can be painful to the touch or pressure but warts are almost always painless.
• Pimples can contain and release pus while warts have no discharge.
Warts do not drain, burst or contain pus.
What are Anogenital Warts?One major way to differentiate between genital warts and genital acne is time-based. Pimples of all types typically last a week or two, with a month for severe cases. Warts last several months to years, during which they can grow, spread and multiply. If a suspected pimple has been around for months at a time, chances are high that it is either a genital wart or some other skin problem. As genital warts are not deadly or dangerous to your health, the wait and see approach is an extremely useful first step in figuring out your skin condition. Severe cases of genital acne can go on for months with new pimples repeatedly appearing, but this differs from warts.
Another factor that may indicate genital warts is location. While they can both appear in the same places, genital warts favor the moist areas of your genitals. So when bumps appear in places such as around your anal or vaginal opening, they are more likely to be warts. Pimples can appear anywhere and are often found on the thigh areas or parts of the groin genital warts don’t commonly show up. Of course pimples will not be located internally or just inside urethral openings, these signs point clearly to warts caused by HPV.
Tips for recognition
Physical features are by far the easiest way to tell the difference between warts and pimples. Rough-looking and cauliflower like surfaces are almost always warts. Any bump with a leaking center or white head is more than likely a pimple.
Genital warts also have one feature never seen in pimples, a cauliflower-like appearance. Not all warts have this look but no body acne will ever look this way. Clustering is also significantly more common in genital warts than it is for pimples. Warts can become so numerous and clustered they actually may be joined together. Pimples can of course appear in a group, but they will maintain separation just by the nature of them being single, infected oil glands and pores.
Pimples in the genital area, also known as body acne, are very different from genital warts. While their causes are both infection based, warts are the result of a viral infection and pimples are purely bacterial in nature. With pimples you will only need to wait a short time for them to go away if the underlying cause is corrected. Warts will last long periods and additionally are contagious. Thankfully, learning the variances between warts and pimples make determination simple.
You can find further details of Genital warts here.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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How to Choose the Right Battery to Power Your Electronics Project
Powering an electronics project made up of more than one component each with their own power requirements can be an intimidating task. This is especially true when building robots with sensors, servos, motors, actuators and more! Unfortunately after having gone down many troubleshooting rabbit holes with my own projects, I’ve discovered that there’s no such thing as “the best battery” that works for every application. Each project is unique and selecting the right battery is about understanding which battery metrics are most critical to fulfilling your project goals. Here’s my step-by-step guide that explores the most popular rechargeable and “one use” options, their pros and cons and how to make the right trade offs that will make your electronics or robotics project a success!
Battery Metrics to Evaluate for your Project
Here are some of the most important battery characteristics you have to weigh in the process of choosing the best power option for your project. Rarely will you find the perfect solution so you’ll have to decide what trade-offs you’re willing to make.
Battery Size
This one is pretty easy and straightforward – how big is the battery? If you intend to give your project a professional look, then you’ll probably want to hide some or all of the wiring, components and battery. The larger the battery size, the more creative you have to get in order to elegantly conceal it. For example, if your project is a wearable, then choosing a lead-acid battery the size of a brick is probably not the way to go.
Battery Weight and Energy Density
A battery’s energy density is the amount of energy a battery holds compared to its weight and is measured in watt hours (wh) per kilogram (kg). Like battery size, energy density is an important factor in your project’s design. High energy density batteries can be useful when there isn’t much room for a battery but you need a lot of energy output.
Battery Price
The price of the battery or batteries you’ll need will impact your total project budget and final retail price point if it’s something you want to sell. In the early planning stages of your project, it’s important to start thinking of power requirements early on so you can not only make the proper design adjustments to accommodate the battery size(s) you’ll need but also fit within your overall project budget as well. As you may have guessed, the more power you want in a smaller, lighter package the more you’ll have to pay.
Battery Voltage
The voltage a battery provides is largely determined by its cell chemistry. For instance, all alkaline cells are 1.5V, all lead-acid are 2V and lithiums are 3V. Batteries are generally made up of multiple cells connected inside an outer case. So although a lead-acid cell provides 2V, you’ll usually see them sold as 6V, 12V or 24V options. Likewise, in smaller electronics or robots that have a 6V motor, you’ll commonly see 4 alkaline batteries connected in series in a battery holder to power it (1.5V x 4 = 6V).
Single Use or Rechargeable
Single use batteries are also known as primary batteries. These are less expensive, maintenance-free and have a long shelf life. They’re a great choice for low current applications and those that need intermittent use like toys, flashlights, smoke detectors or when charging isn’t possible like for pacemakers, watches or hearing aids.
Rechargeable batteries are referred to as secondary batteries and although they are more expensive than single use or primary batteries, they can be usually be recharged 100s of times and can be a more affordable option in the long run. They deliver more current and are best for projects that need continuous power like laptops, cell phones or smart watches.
Power Capacity
Battery capacity is a measure of the charge stored in the battery. It’s usually measured in Amp-hours or mAmp-hours and represents the maximum amount of current that the battery can supply and for how long. Understanding battery capacity is important because that tells you how long a battery will run before it’s dead.
Typically, Amp-hours are used for larger batteries and mAmp-hours for smaller batteries used for powering consumer electronics. Most of the time you can find the capacity printed somewhere on the outer housing of the battery and other times you’ll have to look it up on the datasheet. For example, let’s say a AA alkaline battery has a capacity of 2500mA. This means that it could supply 2500mA (or 2.5 Amps) for one hour – or 1,250 mA for two hours, etc.
Theoretically you can calculate how long your battery will last with this formula: Battery lifetime (hours) = Battery capacity (mAmp-hours) / Current drawn (mA)
But what you’ll quickly find is that in reality you’ll generally get much less than what the formula tells you. There’s several factors that affect the rated battery capacity:
• Internal resistance: All batteries have some degree of internal resistance and as the cell(s) become exhausted, the resistance increases. At some point, the resistance gets so high that the external voltage will fall to a value where it can’t be used effectively.
• Discharge rate: If the battery is being discharged very quickly then the amount of current that can be extracted from it is reduced. This is because the reactants needed for the reaction don’t have enough time to get to their positions and only a fraction of the total reactants are converted to other forms. On the other hand, if the battery is being discharged at a slower rate, more energy can be extracted from it.
• Self discharge (age): This primarily affects rechargeable batteries but one-use batteries can also lose their charge over time.
• Temperature: At high temperatures, the battery capacity is typically higher than at lower temperatures. But operating at higher temperatures also decreases a battery’s lifespan. Rechargeable batteries are more sensitive to temperatures and run best at room temperature.
Types of Batteries For Electronics projects
Battery cell chemistry determines many of the properties that impact battery performance, making it a key consideration in battery selection. Here are some of the most popular types of batteries used in electronics and robotics projects along with pros and cons to help you make the right choice for your project.
Lead-Acid Batteries
These are the ultimate workhorses and the go-to battery for cheap power. Even though lead-acid batteries have low energy densities, no other battery provides as high a power rate as reliably and inexpensively and that’s why they’ve been in use for 140 years. But as the name suggests, the primary component of its chemistry is well, lead, so these batteries are heavy. That’s why you find them in applications like golf cars, forklifts, UPS (uninterruptable power supply) vehicles, back-up power, electric scooters and wheelchairs. Lead-acid batteries come in 2V cells so you’ll always see them in an even number of volts, the most common being 2V, 6V, 12V and 24V.
Pros: Cheap, powerful, easily rechargeable and high output power capability
Cons: Very heavy, can’t handle deep discharges well, and has a limited cycle count
If you’re working on a large robot project or any electronics project that needs lots of power, try using a lead-acid battery.
Alkaline
These are the most popular batteries you’ll find. Alkaline batteries are sold in just about every store so they’re great for projects that a user can service. They have low self-discharge which means a long shelf-life. Alkaline batteries have a higher power density than NiCads and a bit better than NiMh but are one-time use. They’re ideal for low current applications and are used in many consumer devices and products like TV remotes, wall clocks and toys. Cells are 1.5V and available as coin cells and sizes from AAAA to D cell. Having multiple sizes with a standard voltage allows you to size up when you need more capacity and capability.
The only exception are 9V batteries. They’re actually made up of 6 very small 1.5V batteries so they have very low capacity and capability for the price – they’re expensive for what you get. You’ll outgrow these after your first few electronics projects.
Pros: Easy to find and a long shelf life
Cons: Non-rechargeable and low power capability
If you’re working on a project and want to easily replace batteries, try using alkaline batteries.
NiCad (Nickel Cadmium)
These batteries have been gradually disappearing from the market since the 1990s. But I added them to the list because NiCad batteries are still used in devices like cordless phones, solar lights and RC cars where price matters more than performance. Battery cells are 1.2V and usually packed in groups of 3 to make 3.6V.
At the time, their ability to provide high discharge rates made portable electronics products practical when they first hit the market. But due to the toxicity of cadmium other batteries like Li-ion and NiMh became more favorable and have much higher power densities. NiCad batteries are great at holding a charge when not in use and can be charged and discharged more times than other rechargeable chemistries. But they do suffer from “memory effect”, a condition where if you don’t discharge the battery properly and then charge it to full capacity, you lose a bit of capacity every time because crystals grow on the battery plates.
Pros: Inexpensive, long lifespan and recharges easily
Cons: Lower power density, requires specific charging procedure to avoid memory effect and cadmium is toxic
If you want a low-cost rechargeable battery with a long lifespan, try NiCad batteries.
NiMh (Nickel Metal Hydride)
This is by far the most common battery used in mobile electronics projects and robots. NiMh batteries can be a good alternative to alkalines. They’re rechargeable and the combination of price, capacity and weight is hard to beat. Plus there’s almost no memory effect or specific recharging procedure so every charge should bring the battery up to full capacity. NiMh batteries have greater power density than NiCads but they can’t handle high discharge rates as well. Most do have a high self-discharge rate but there are a few low self-discharge batteries on the market.
The battery cell voltage is 1.25V which is less than the 1.5V of alkalines but more than the 1.2V of NiCads. Like alkalines, they come in standard sizes but with more power capability.
Pros: High power density, standard size and easy to recharge
Cons: Self-discharges quickly and service life isn’t as long
If you have a small to medium-sized mobile electronics project that draws more current, try NiMh batteries.
Li-Ion (Lithium-Ion) & LiPoly (Lithium Polymer)
These are among the most popular types of battery because of their light weight, high discharge rate and very high power density. Lithium Ion (Li-ion) and Lithium Polymer (LiPoly) voltages are available in increments of 3.6V, more than double the rest of the battery options. In addition to delivering a lot of power, they can also be recharged fast. Li-ion batteries are commonly found in smartphones, portable gadgets, and battery-operated consumer devices that are used for extended period of time. But you always have to use them in combination with a protection circuit that prevents them from shorting out and causing a fire or explosion.
Pros: Very light weight, high power, capability and cell voltage
Cons: Expensive and delicate
If your project needs lots of current in a small package, try Li-ion or LiPoly batteries.
So What’s the best battery for your electronics project?
With so many battery choices it can seem overwhelming at first and choosing the right battery and configuration is crucial to getting the best performance out of your electronic, robot or animatronic project. But now that you understand battery characteristics along with the strengths and weaknesses of each battery type, you’ll be able to weigh the trade-offs and make the best choice to fulfill your project’s unique needs. It’s important to start thinking about power requirements early on in the design process – how many batteries you’ll need for all your components and where you’ll place them. Otherwise, you’ll most likely end up having to make drastic changes to your design after the fact.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Draft talk:Killarney Library
Feel free to contribute
Hello, thanks for connecting. This library page is feeling a bit alone. Would you mind keeping it updated. Thanks. Krisjan Lemmer (talk) 08:37, 29 June 2024 (UTC)
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WIKI
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User:Rev. Reynolds
I am The Reverend and Dr. Robert Allen LaVey Reynolds; I'm now a proud writer on Wikipedia.
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WIKI
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Apple Scanner
In August 1988 Apple Computer introduced the Apple Scanner. It was their first A4 (8.5 in × 14.0 in) flatbed scanner. It was capable of a 4-bit image with 16 levels of grey in a maximum resolution of 300 dpi. The scanner could complete a full scan in 20.4 seconds. It shipped with a SCSI connection with an unused serial port.
To control the scanner, it came with both AppleScan and HyperScan, the latter allowed users to scan directly from within HyperCard. Later, only AppleScan was offered.
Many internal components are branded "Toshiba" and "TEC", suggesting that the OEM of the Apple Scanner was Toshiba TEC.
The scanner was upgraded to the short-lived Apple OneScanner in 1991 with 256 levels of grey.
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WIKI
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放手
Verb
* 1) to let go ; to lose one's grip
* 2) to give up; to abandon
* 3) to give free rein; to hand over control
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WIKI
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2
I'm thinking about a feature which I think would improve my workflow a lot. I don't know if it already exists..
The feature is about moving the cursor vertically over code blocks without losing its horizontal position in a speedy way. I would regard it as a more convenient alternative for { and }. Or you could say it would be the vertical equivalent for w/e and b.
What I really don't like about { and } is that I lose the horizontal position of the cursor.
The behavior of the feature for moving the cursor should be like this:
• Move the cursor up/down to the next line that is preceded or followed by an empty line. (ignore white spaces)
• Don't lose the horizontal position of the cursor. If the line is shorter put the cursor on the last position of that line, but remember the position it came from. Even if you hit j or k afterwards the cursor should maintain its initial horizontal position. (same behavior as j/k)
Example for moving down: (moving up behaves the same, just in the other direction.)
X0 indicates the initial position.
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAA[X0]AAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAA[X1]
BBBBBBBBBBB[X2]BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
BBBBBBBBBBB[X3]BBBBBBBB
CCCCCCCCCCC[X4]CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
CCCCC[X5]
If I hit k on the last line it would go back to position 11, right under X4.
Do you know of such a feature or do you know how I could create it?
0
2 Answers 2
4
Here is a small function, that seems to do what you want:
function! Move(up)
let curpos = getcurpos()
let firstline='\(^\s*\n\)\zs\S\+'
let lastline ='\S\+\ze\n\s*$'
let flags = 'Wn'. (a:up ? 'b' : '')
" Move to first or last line of paragraph,
" or to the beginning/end of file
let pat = '\('.firstline.'\|'.lastline.'\)\|\%^\|\%$'
" make sure cursor moves and search
" does not get stuck on current line
call cursor(line('.'), a:up ? 1 : col('$'))
let target=search(pat, flags)
if target > 0
let curpos[1]=target
let curpos[2]=curpos[4]
endif
call setpos('.',curpos)
endfu
nnoremap <silent> <leader>j :call Move(0)<cr>
nnoremap <silent> <leader>k :call Move(1)<cr>
This relies on the getcurpos() function, which has been included as patch 7.4.578. If you don't have it, you can use the winsaveview()/winrestview() function, to work around it. This might however mess up the screen, not sure this will work reliably. (with a newer vim, you can throw away the values in the dictionary returned by winsaveview() and only update the other values, but that is not possible with older vims as well).
function! Move(up)
let curpos = winsaveview()
let firstline='\(^\s*\n\)\zs\S\+'
let lastline ='\S\+\ze\n\s*$'
let flags = 'Wn'. (a:up ? 'b' : '')
" Move to first or last line of paragraph,
" or to the beginning/end of file
let pat = '\('.firstline.'\|'.lastline.'\)\|\%^\|\%$'
" make sure cursor moves and search
" does not get stuck on current line
call cursor(line('.'), a:up ? 1 : col('$'))
let target=search(pat, flags)
if target > 0
let curpos.lnum=target
let curpos.col=curpos.curswant
endif
call winrestview(curpos)
endfu
nnoremap <silent> <leader>j :call Move(0)<cr>
nnoremap <silent> <leader>k :call Move(1)<cr>
8
• I get an error: Unknown function: getcurpos.
– Rotareti
Jul 22, 2016 at 16:55
• Your Vim is too old, can use winsaveview for that, let me update the question. What version is this? Jul 22, 2016 at 17:02
• Version is 7.4.53. My distro does only offer this out dated version :/
– Rotareti
Jul 22, 2016 at 17:06
• @Rotareti updated answer Jul 22, 2016 at 17:11
• Moving up works perfectly! On moving down the cursor gets stuck every 1 to 10 movements. Anyway this is fantastic! I'll try to get an update for vim to fix it.
– Rotareti
Jul 22, 2016 at 17:48
0
You can start working from this simple mapping:
:nnoremap J :let c=col('.') <bar> execute "normal! }k".c."<bar>"<CR>
Decomposition
:let c=col('.') " save the current column into the variable c
<bar> " chain another command
execute "normal! " execute a normal command
}k " go to next paragraph and up one line
c."<bar>" " go to the column number `c`
Note: this won't work without a newline after the paragraph.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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open-eared
Etymology
Compare.
Adjective
* 1) Listening closely to something; attentive.
* 2) Being receptive or open-minded to new styles of music.
* 1) Being receptive or open-minded to new styles of music.
* 1) Being receptive or open-minded to new styles of music.
* 1) Being receptive or open-minded to new styles of music.
* 1) Being receptive or open-minded to new styles of music.
* 1) Being receptive or open-minded to new styles of music.
* 1) Being receptive or open-minded to new styles of music.
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WIKI
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Eucalyptus melanoxylon
Eucalyptus melanoxylon, commonly known as black morrell, is a species of small to medium-sized tree that is endemic to Western Australia. It has hard, fissured bark on some or all of its trunk, linear to narrow lance-shaped leaves, flower buds in groups of between seven and fifteen, white flowers and conical to cup-shaped fruit.
Description
Eucalyptus melanoxylon is a tree that typically grows to a height of 4-24 m, sometimes a robust mallee, and forms a lignotuber. It has hard, thick, fissured bark on the trunk and larger branches or sometimes only on the lower half, and white to greyish bark above. Young plants and coppice regrowth have dull greenish leaves that are lance-shaped, 40-75 mm long and 12-30 mm wide. Adult leaves are the same glossy green on both surfaces, linear to narrow lance-shaped, 72-110 mm long and 7-12 mm wide on a petiole 7-15 mm long. The flower buds are arranged in groups of between seven and fifteen on an unbranched peduncle 8-15 mm long, the individual buds on pedicels 3-5 mm long. Mature buds are oval, 5-8 mm long and 3-5 mm wide with a conical to rounded operculum. Flowering occurs between November and March and the flowers are white. The fruit is a woody conical to cup-shaped capsule 4-6 mm long and 5-6 mm wide with the valves protruding.
Taxonomy
Eucalyptus melanoxylon was first formally described in 1923 by Joseph Maiden in his book, A Critical Revision of the Genus Eucalyptus from specimens collected near Westonia. The specific epithet (melanoxylon) means "black wood", alluding to the very dark colour of the timber.
Distribution and habitat
Black morrell occurs in southern Western Australia from Westonia, Bullabulling and Lake King in the eastern wheatbelt to Balladonia in the eastern goldfields. It is found in depressions and on flats where it grows in sand-clay-loamy soils.
Conservation status
This eucalypt is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.
Uses
The heartwood of this species is a dark brown colour with visible growth rings. The wood is quite dense, with an air-dry density of 1130 kg/m3 and a green density of 1165 kg/m3. It is quite workable and is suitable for woodturning, sanding and finishing.
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WIKI
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How to Determine if Android Device has Network-based Geolocation
public static final String FEATURE_LOCATION_NETWORK was added in API level 8
Feature for getSystemAvailableFeatures() and hasSystemFeature(String).
The device can report location with coarse accuracy using a network-based geolocation system.
Constant Value: "android.hardware.location.network"
1. Get a PackageManager Instance and save to myPackageManager.
2. Create a Boolean Variable named bolNBSupported
3. Set the Minimum and Target SDK version to or greater.
4. In the onCreate method, add the below code. This will return the network-based geolocation ability to a boolean named bolGPSSupported. It will then display a toast displaying the network-based geolocation ability on the device to the user.
bolNBSupported = myPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_LOCATION_NETWORK);
if (bolNBSupported) {
Toast.makeText(this, "Device has network-based geolocation feature", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
} else {
Toast.makeText(this, "No network-based geolocation feature!", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
5. Compile and run!
Resources:
http://developer.android.com/reference/android/content/pm/PackageManager.html#FEATURE_LOCATION_NETWORK
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Made.com
The result was delete. Mkativerata (talk) 20:36, 10 July 2011 (UTC)
Made.com
* – ( View AfD View log )
advertising for made.com instead of making an article about it. Thebestofall007 (talk) 18:38, 3 July 2011 (UTC)
Rather neutral descriptions and factual with some quoted references. If considered unsuited please suggest how to change it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Ninglimade (talk • contribs) 18:49, 3 July 2011 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Business-related deletion discussions. — • Gene93k (talk) 13:32, 4 July 2011 (UTC)
* Delete per Spam. When I searched Google and Yahoo, I only found one mention here. Anybody else is welcome to dig for some more sources if they can find any. SwisterTwister talk 23:55, 5 July 2011 (UTC)
* Delete Non-notable company. Literally nothing found at Google News Archive. --MelanieN (talk) 22:31, 9 July 2011 (UTC)
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WIKI
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Effective use of HTML
The visual appearance of a dashboard can be greatly improved through the effective use of HTML. In general, you have substantial control and flexibility over your dashboard's display through using a combination of rich text, field names, links, and other supported HTML in elements.
Many elements, such as the rich text element, come with a what-you-see-is-what-you-get (WYSIWYG) text editor that provides common word processing formatting options. This significantly simplifies the creation of great-looking content.
When you need to include more advanced HTML formatting, such as web content tags, click Source Source and enter the HTML directly into the source.
For example, below is a list that has been enhanced with custom HTML. The first line in each list item has been bolded and enlarged. Also, the second and third text lines in each item have HTML symbols.
List with custom HTML
The HTML used to create this list could look like the following:
<h3 style="font-size:medium">
<strong>{UCR_Type}</strong>
</h3>
<p style="font-size:12px">🕘 {DISPATCH_DATE_TIME}</p>
<p style="font-size:12px">📌 {LOCATION_BLOCK}</p>
HTML symbols can enhance the aesthetics of your dashboard, as well as increase situational awareness. For instance, you can configure an indicator to display triangles that make it easy to see whether crime counts have increased or decreased compared to last week's counts.
Indicator with HTML symbols
To include an HTML symbol not found on your keyboard in an element, you can copy and paste the symbol from another website directly into the rich text editor, or in various other dashboard settings such as the text settings in the indicator. Alternatively, you can enter the symbol's decimal (dec) or hexadecimal (hex) reference code in these places. For example, to include the upward pointing triangle (▲) in the indicator, you can use its dec code of ▲ or its hex code of ▲.
You can also add field names to your elements. At run time, the values in the referenced fields will display in the dashboard and update dynamically. For all elements, you can do this by entering the field name directly into the HTML source. For some elements, such as the list, field names can be inserted into the HTML by clicking Insert Insert and choosing a field name from the drop-down list.
Field name drop-down list
Insert Insert only appears on the rich text editor when feature attributes are available. For instance, Insert Insert will not display when configuring an element's title or description.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Saint Vincent and The Grenadines
GEOGRAPHY Location: large island of St. Vincent (13°12′N, 61°14′W) and about 50 smaller islands in southeastern Caribbean Sea about 21 mi. (34 km) SW of St. Lucia and 100 mi. (160 km) W of Barbados. Boundaries: St. Vincent Passage to N, Atlantic Ocean to E and SE, Caribbean Sea to SW and W. Total area: 131 sq. mi. (340 sq km). Coastline: 52 mi. (84 km). Comparative area: twice size of Washington, D.C. Land use: 10% arable land; 18% permanent crops; 72% other. Major cities: (1991 census) Kingstown (capital) 15,670. PEOPLE Population: 116,812 (2003 est.). Nationality: noun—St. Vincentian(s) or Vincentian(s); adjective—St. Vincentian or Vincentian. Ethnic groups: mainly of black African descent, remainder mixed, with some white, East Indian, and Carib Amerindian. Languages: English, French patois. Religions: Anglican, Methodist, Roman Catholic, Seventh-Day Adventist. GOVERNMENT Type: parliamentary monarchy. Independence: Oct. 27, 1979 (from U.K.). Constitution: Oct. 27, 1979. National holiday: Independence Day, Oct. 27. Heads of Government: Frederick Nathaniel Ballantyne, governor-general (since Sept. 2, 2002); Ralph E. Gonsalves, prime minister (since Mar. 2001). Structure: executive—prime minister is head of government; bicameral legislature—15-member elected House of Representatives and 6-member appointed Senate; judiciary—East Caribbean Supreme Court. ECONOMY Monetary unit: East Caribbean (EC) dollar. Budget: (2000 est.) income: $85.8 mil.; expend.: $94.6 mil. GDP: $339 mil., $2,900 per capita (2002 est.). Chief crops: bananas, coconuts, sweet potatoes, spices; small numbers of cattle, sheep, pigs, goats; small fish catch used locally. Natural resources: negl. Major industries: food processing (sugar, flour), cement, furniture. Labor force: 67,000 (1984 est.); 26% agriculture, 17% industry, 57% services; 22% unemployed (1997). Exports: $53.7 mil. (2000 est.); 39% bananas, eddoes and dasheen (taro), arrowroot starch, tennis racquets. Imports: $185.6 mil. (2000 est.); foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, chemicals and fertilizers, minerals and fuels. Major trading partners: exports: 49% Caricom countries, 16% U.K., 10% U.S.; imports: 36% U.S., 28% Caricom countries, 13% U.K. Although ceded to Britain in 1763, St. Vincent was inhabited by the fierce Carib Indians, who continued fighting for control of the island until 1796, when they had all been either killed or deported. Just prior to its independence in 1979, St. Vincent and the Grenadines was a self-governing state in association with Great Britain. It is one of the poorest countries in the West Indies. Several natural disasters have plagued the economy, including a 1979 volcanic eruption and two destructive hurricanes in 1980 and 1986. Prime Minister James Mitchell of the New Democratic party currently governs the country, winning his fourth term after June 1997 elections gave his New Democratic Party a slender one-vote majority in the 15-seat legislature. But March 2001 elections overturned N.D.P. rule as united Labor won 12 of 15 parliamentary seats. The new left-wing government of Ralph Gonsalves has been seeking international accords with Libya and Cuba.
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 91.djvu/1201
PUBLIC LAW 95-136—OCT. 18, 1977
Public Law 95-136 95th Congress
91 STAT. 1167
An Act
To authorize appropriations for fiscal year 1978 to carry out the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That section 110(c) of the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1380(c)) is amended to read as follows: "(c) There are authorized to be appropriated, for the purposes of carrying out this section, not to exceed the following sums for the following fiscal years: " (1) $2,500,000 for each of the fiscal years ending June 30, 1973, June 30, 1974, June 30, 1975, September 30, 1976, and September 30, 1977, of which one-third oi the sum appropriated for any such fiscal year shall be available to the Secretary of the Interior and two-thirds of any such sum shall be available to the Secretary of Commerce. "(2) $1,200,000, all of which shall be available to the Secretary of the Interior, for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1978. "(3) $200,000, all of which "shall be available to the Secretary of Commerce, for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1978.". SEC. 2. Section 114 of the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1384) is amended— (1) by amending subsection (a) by inserting ", and not to exceed $11,500,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1978," immediately after "fiscal years"; and (2) by amending subsection (b) — (A) by striking out "and" immediately after "June 30, 1973,", and (B) by inserting ", and not to exceed $850,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1978" immediat(ly after "thereafter". SEC. 3. Section 207 of the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1407) is amended to read as follows:
Oct. 18, 1977 [S. 1522]
Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, amendment. Research grants. Appropriation authorizations.
"AUTHORIZATIONS OF APPROPRIATIONS
"SEC. 207. There are authorized to be appropriated for the fiscal year in which this title is enacted and for the next five fiscal years thereafter such sums as may be necessary to carry out this title, but the sums appropriated for any fiscal year other than the fiscal year ending September 30, 1978, shall not exceed $1,000,000, and the sum appropriated for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1978, shall not exceed $2,000,000.". SEC. 4. Section 102 of the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1372) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new subsection: "(f) It is unlawful for any person or vessel or other conveyance to take any species of whale incident to commercial whaling in waters subject to the jurisdiction of the United States.".
Prohibitions. Whales, taking.
�
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WIKI
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Page:Duty and Inclination 1.pdf/328
320 after the space of some days they embarked for Ireland. The wind proving favourable, the following morning they anchored in the beautiful bay of Dublin.
After reposing a few days in the capital of the kingdom in which they were to dwell, they proceeded to their place of destination. The town of W presented an aspect the most picturesque, skirting the sea—rich, large, and populous. It was commanded by the Fort of D, where, with his family, the General went to take up his summer quarters; having previously passed a month at W, with the view more particularly to examine the country then devolving under his authority.
Elevated upon a lofty perpendicular rock stood the fort, in the interior of which was the edifice assigned the General, with other lesser ones, comprising a range of buildings in the form of barracks for the field officers and subalterns of the various detachments, artillery and line, under his command. These nearly lined the parade, with the exception of the northern and part of the western side, where were erected double tiers of ramparts, suspended over the wide and boundless track of ocean. The eye, in following the eastern direction, might trace rock rising upon rock, succeeding each
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WIKI
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Get Full Access to Grade 4 English Language and Arts - Skill Builder + FSA Rehearsal
Currently, you have limited access to Grade 4 English Language and Arts - Skill Builder + FSA Rehearsal. The Full Program includes,
Buy Practice ResourcesOnline Program
Roses are Red
Everyone knows the poem that goes- Roses are Red, Violets are blue, Sugar is sweet and so are you!
But I am not talking poetry right now. I am talking about the roses that Aunt Molly has in her yard.
Yeah you see the pictures of them. Aren’t they so beautiful? How does she get them that way?
Notice the two pictures on the page. The white roses come from a huge rose bush. I call it a tree it is so big! My aunt started that one with a branch cut off of our Great Grandma Witt’s rose bush down in Centerville. She brought it home when Great Grandma was still alive. Grandma Witt told her to cut it off, wrap it in wet paper towels, put it in a bucket of red clay dirt from her front yard and take it home. So my aunt did.
When she got home with it, she dug a deep hole in her back yard. She put the clay dirt in first, then made another hole in the middle of that. Next she put in rose fertilizer to help it grow. Then she put in the branch from the rose bush. After that she pushed the dirt in real tight. When she got ready to water it, she didn’t water it straight at the branch. Instead she watered it slightly to the side of the hole at an angle. She also took a banana peel the next day and wrapped it around where the bottom of the branch was at. An old man had told her to do that whenever she planted rose bushes. I had no idea that you could grow a rose bush just from a branch. You can. The rose bush will start to make new roots under the soil. Bingo, a rose bush!
Now, look at the second red rose picture. This is a rose bush from Tyler, Texas. That town is world famous for growing the best roses. Aunt Molly bought that one about a year ago. It was on sale, she said, or she would never have paid full price for it. She put in on the side of her house near the carport. She had wanted to grow roses there for a long time. At first, she told me that it was not looking very healthy and she knew why it had been on sale. However, she kept pampering it, adding fresh clay soil around it. Of course, she had to do the banana peel thing to it, too! During the winter, Aunt Molly was afraid it was dead. But to her surprise, it came back bigger than ever. She said it produces cluster roses almost every week.
Well, apparently she knows how to grow roses. It all seems to work just fine for Aunt Molly.
How does the author of this story feel about Aunt Molly’s ability to grow roses? Write your answer in the box below.
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FINEWEB-EDU
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User:Dddharmesh/sandbox
I Dharmesh Dodiya from Pobandar district. I have completed MBA with Marketing. I have also experience of insurance with Birla sun life insurance as Agency manager.
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WIKI
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Talk:D.I.V.O.R.C.E.
Page move
This page should be moved: the proper name of the song is "D.I.V.O.R.C.E.", with a trailing period currently missing. External example:
| 2058 652 | D.I.V.O.R.C.E. | Billy Connolly | 01 Nov 1975 | 1 | Pts: 277 |
from http://www.chartwatch.co.uk/TopTen/labels/lab584.htm
-- <IP_ADDRESS> 01:49, 4 July 2006 (UTC)
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WIKI
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John Graham MacDonald
John Graham MacDonald (1834–1918) was an explorer and pioneer in Queensland, Australia.
Early life
Macdonald was born at Campbelltown, near Sydney, New South Wales on the 5th of September 1834. At the age of 18 years he joined his brother, a civil engineer, in Victoria, and gained a considerable knowledge of engineering and surveying. A few years later he took up farming near Geelong, and became a model farmer of the district and chairman of the local farmers' association (probably the first farmers' association established in Australia), the chairman of the local road board, and a judge for the Geelong Agricultural Society.
Explorer and pioneer in Queensland
In May 1859, he sold out his Victorian interests, and came to Queensland, joining another brother, Peter Fitzallan MacDonald, of Yaamba, near Rockhampton. Soon afterwards the two brothers started on their first exploration tour. They explored the head waters of the Nogoa and Belyando Rivers, where they took up a large area of pastoral country. Two years after the separation of Queensland in 1859, John Macdonald explored the districts drained by the Burdekin, Einasleigh and Lynd Rivers, and, on behalf of Southern financiers, amongst whom were Sir John Robertson and Captain Robert Towns, he established the Inkerman, Strathbogie, Dalrymple, Kirknie, Leichhardt Downs, and Carpentaria Downs pastoral stations. In the following year, on behalf of this adventurous firm of station promoters, John Macdonald, accompanied by two stockmen and some Aboriginal boys, explored the Gulf country (around the Gulf of Carpentaria) and took up great pastoral areas in the neighbourhood of where Burketown and Normanton now stand. For more than 10 years Mr. Macdonald managed pastoral stations stretching between Inkerman, near Bowen, and the Plains of Promise near the present site of Burketown, contending against floods, droughts, and other difficulties.
Public servant
In 1872 MacDonald relinquished his pastoral pursuits and was appointed police magistrate and gold commissioner at Gilberton. Soon afterwards he was transferred to Charters Towers, where he performed well, especially during the very disturbing period of 1873 on that field. During the next twenty years, he filled positions of police magistrate, mining warden, and land commissioner at Springsure, Bowen, Townsville, and Warwick. In 1903 he was appointed Police Magistrate at South Brisbane, an office which he filled until his retirement under the age limit in 1905. Mr Macdonald was over 70 years of age when he retired from the magisterial bench, but still desired to be active, so he became the chairman of probably a dozen wages boards, just then being established in accordance with an Act passed by the Kidston Government. Subsequently, he became visiting Justice to St Helena Island, Boggo Road Gaol, and the various industrial schools and benevolent and mental asylums in the metropolitan district, an office which he filled with great tact and ability until his death.
As a magistrate, visiting justice, and chairman of wages boards Mr. Macdonald was known as a reasonable person. He did not browbeat a witness, or lecture an accused person, or dictate, to the persons seeking to arrive at some agreement. Amiability and the ability to understand human nature was the key to his success.
Later life
John MacDonald died on the morning of 29 May 1918 at the age of 84 years at South Brisbane. He had been ill for some weeks, and died peacefully in hospital. He was survived by his widow, one son, W. B. Macdonald, a solicitor at Hughenden, and two daughters, Mrs. E. B. Wareham and Mrs. J. A. Rae of Inkerman station in North Queensland. He was buried on 30 May 1918 in Toowong Cemetery.
Legacy
MacDonald's house in Townsville, Kardinia, was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register in 1992.
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WIKI
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The best practice to solve error[E0502]
#1
I am a newbie in Rust, and I am trying to learn it step by step. I would know what is the best practice to solve the E0502 in the following example:
let mut numbers_str = String::new();
io::stdin().read_line(&mut numbers_str).ok().expect("read error");
//let numbers_str_c = numbers_str.clone(); // 1st solution
let numbers1 = { numbers_str.split_whitespace() // immutable borrow occurs here
.map(|s| s.parse::<i32>().unwrap())
};
//let mut numbers_str2 = String::new(); // 2nd solution
io::stdin().read_line(&mut numbers_str).ok().expect("read error"); // mutable borrow occurs here
let numbers2 = numbers_str.split_whitespace()
.map(|s| s.parse().unwrap());
let i = numbers1.zip(numbers2).fold(blablabla);
And I want to meet the following constraints:
1. I want to read a line from stdin twice using same name of variable numbers_str as a buffer because I want to copy&paste same code twice.
2. I understand that I should free a memory before second use of numbers_str but I didn’t find a method to do that.
3. I don’t want to use 1st and 2nd solutions mentioned in comments, it doesn’t look elegant
4. I don’t want to make a function to read and parse a line because I want to write this code as fast as possible in the future.
Is it possible?
I read other related topics but didn’t find a solution or they[topics] were very complex for me.
#2
Just to make sure you understand the reason for the error – numbers1 is an iterator, that will lazily parse the numbers from the numbers_str string (the actual parsing will occur on the call to fold) – that’s why it borrows numbers_str.
So there are basically two solutions – either don’t touch the numbers_str until fold, or parse these numbers eagerly, eg. storing in the Vec:
let numbers1: Vec<_> = numbers_str.split_whitespace()
.map(|s| s.parse::<i32>().unwrap())
.collect();
// the numbers_str is no longer borrowed
numbers_str.clear();
Speaking of your 2nd solution from comment, if you find it ugly because you have to use a variable with different name, don’t worry. You can call it numbers_str too. Creating new variable with the same name doesn’t destroy the old one (it won’t be directly accessible, but it’s still there from the perspective of borrows).
#3
Creating new var with the same name is a suitable solution. I am worrying about memory consumption only, it will allocate additional memory despite on the fact that second line has same size as first line.
I put numbers_str.split_whitespace() after the fold call and I got same e0502.
#4
(emphasis mine) It seems that you’re suggesting here that second line could somehow reuse the memory allocated to store the first line. It’s definitely possible – if you go with the solution of collect + clear that I’ve described. If you don’t collect the numbers, you basically require two line-strings to be allocated at the same time – that’s just the requirement of your current approach.
If I understand correctly what you’ve done (playground) the error is a limitation of a current lifetime system – as long as numbers1 variable exists, the numbers_str will be considered borrowed, no matter if the numbers1 have been moved out from or not. The current workaround is to limit the lifetime of variable with braces: playground
Anyway, how long are these lines that you worry about the memory consumption? If they are really long you can consider only storing the first line and processing the second line in a streaming way (no niceties like read_line or split_whitespace here though, you’d have to do it manually). If the data is stored in a file, you can even open the file twice and process both lines in a streaming way.
#5
It seems now you can sure. :slight_smile: Thank you!
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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London Turkish Radio
London Turkish Radio (LTR) is a Turkish radio station specialising in music, news, and politics. It broadcast to London on 1584 kHz AM from 1990 to 2013 and currently broadcasts online.
History
The radio station was launched in 1990 and was called the Turkish Radio, broadcasting to the Turkish and Turkish speaking Communities for the first time under the name of Turkish Radio, for only one hour per day between the hours of midnight to 1a.m. Because the response to the small broadcast was so successful, a licence to broadcast 24 hours a day was granted.
The name of the radio station changed in 1994 to London Turkish Radio (LTR), and has since grown in popularity, and is the only fully licensed radio station broadcasting in Turkish for a full 24hr. period outside Turkey and Northern Cyprus.
Coverage
Coverage extends over most of the London Boroughs where large numbers of Turkish and Turkish speaking communities reside. According to Ofcom (Office of Communications), LTR has over 80,000 listeners in the London Borough of Haringey alone. LTR's licence was re-awarded in November 2002 and commenced running in August 2003 until 2011.
Internet radio service
London Turkish Radio has through its online live Internet service, attracted popularity throughout the world, from the United States to Europe, and Asia, and as far as Australia and Japan.
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WIKI
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SCP-2044
rating: +75+x
Item #: SCP-2044
Object Class: Euclid
Special Containment Procedures: SCP-2044-1 is contained in a standard humanoid containment cell, modified to include a small duct to allow for the entry of house flies. SCP-2044-1 has been conditioned against scratching its scalp, laying on its back, rapidly moving its head, taking aggressive action against house flies in its cell or any other activities which may disrupt SCP-2044-2’s community. Personnel are to discipline SCP-2044-1 if any of the above listed activities are performed. For a full list of prohibited actions, see Addendum-2044-D.
Following Incident-2044-B, SCP-2044-1 is to be kept in Site-34’s ICU to be provided with medical care in its comatose state. Subject's head is to be kept upright at all times, by means of a padded brace locked around the neck. A high-definition c-mount microscope camera has been installed directly above the scalp of SCP-2044-1, providing a live video feed of SCP-2044-2 for research staff.
As is standard protocol when dealing with parasitic SCPs, a hazmat suit of Level 2 or higher is to be worn when handling SCP-2044 to prevent potential spread of SCP-2044-2 to a separate host.
Description: SCP-2044-1 is a 28-year-old human male of Estonian descent. SCP-2044-1’s scalp is host to a large colony of head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) estimated to be composed of two hundred individual specimens, henceforth referred to as SCP-2044-2. SCP-2044-2 instances possess a level of intelligence estimated to be equal to that of the average human, and are capable of building simple structures, operating machinery, and communicating in the Polish language. SCP-2044-2's small size makes communication impossible without the use of specialized acoustic equipment.
SCP-2044-2 has established a small community on SCP-2044-1’s scalp. This community is composed of 130 houses, two churches, a pub, six stores, and a town hall. These buildings are constructed by SCP-2044-2 using SCP-2044-1’s hair and dandruff. The only constructs not composed of materials native to the human scalp are a large factory complex on the outskirts of the community, and three track loaders. The purpose of these non-organic elements seems to be the gathering and refinement of SCP-2044-1’s dandruff into small bricks.
These bricks are taken at the end of every month by a house fly (Musca domestica) which arrives on SCP-2044-1’s scalp, where SCP-2044-2 then loads the refined dandruff onto a metal harness installed in its exoskeleton. These house flies also deliver manufactured goods to SCP-2044-2, all of which are scaled down for their use. These supplies include spare parts meant to repair equipment within the dandruff refinery, small tin cans filled with keratinous materials and fragments of potatoes, and gear which is sold by SCP-2044-2 in its several stores. The house fly will then depart to an unknown location. Attempts to locate the origin of these house flies have been unsuccessful, as have attempts to track outgoing instances.
When questioned on the origin of the house fly, the supplies it brings, the destination of the dandruff bricks, and how the miniature factory complex came to be on SCP-2044-1's scalp, the majority of SCP-2044-2 instances state that “it’s handled by the 'big wigs'.” SCP-2044-2 refuse to elaborate further on this topic, stating that it would violate “company policy.” A transcript of an interview with an instance of SCP-2044-2 is available below.
SCP-2044-1 claims no knowledge of SCP-2044-2’s existence, and currently believes he is being held in Foundation custody for the crime of grand theft auto. Please refer to Incident-2044-B for SCP-2044-1's current condition.
Unless otherwise stated, the content of this page is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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PuSH - Publikationsserver des Helmholtz Zentrums München
Uribe-Mariño, A.* ; Castiblanco-Urbina, M.A. ; Falconi-Sobrinho, L.L.* ; dos Anjos-Garcia, T.* ; de Oliveira, R.C.* ; Mendes-Gomes, J.* ; da Silva Soares, R.* ; Matthiesen, M.* ; Almada, R.C.* ; De Oliveira, R.* ; Coimbra, N.C.*
The alpha- and beta-noradrenergic receptors blockade in the dorsal raphe nucleus impairs the panic-like response elaborated by medial hypothalamus neurons.
Brain Res. 1725:146468 (2019)
DOI Verlagsversion bestellen
Open Access Green möglich sobald Postprint bei der ZB eingereicht worden ist.
Dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) neurons are reciprocally connected to the locus coeruleus (LC) and send neural pathways to the medial hypothalamus (MH). The aim of this work was to investigate whether the blockade of alpha(1)-, alpha(2)- or beta-noradrenergic receptors in the DRN or the inactivation of noradrenergic neurons in the LC modify defensive behaviours organised by MH neurons. For this purpose, Wistar male rats received microinjections of WB4101, RX821002, propranolol (alpha(1)-, alpha(2)- and beta-noradrenergic receptor antagonists, respectively) or physiological saline in the DRN, followed 10 min later by MH GABA(A) receptor blockade. Other groups of animals received DSP-4 (a noradrenergic neurotoxin), physiological saline or only a needle insertion (sham group) into the LC, and 5 days later, bicuculline or physiological saline was administered in the MH. In all these cases, after MH treatment, the frequency and duration of defensive responses were recorded over 15 min. An anterograde neural tract tracer was also deposited in the DRN. DRN neurons send pathways to lateral and dorsomedial hypothalamus. Blockade of alpha(1)- and beta-noradrenergic receptors in the DRN decreased escape reactions elicited by bicuculline microinjections in the MH. In addition, a significant increase in anxiety-like behaviours was observed after the blockade of alpha(2)-noradrenergic receptors in the DRN. LC pretreatment with DSP-4 decreased both anxiety- and panic attack-like behaviours evoked by GABA(A) receptor blockade in the MH. In summary, the present findings suggest that the norepinephrine-mediated system modulates defensive reactions organised by MH neurons at least in part via noradrenergic receptors recruitment on DRN neurons.
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Publikationstyp Artikel: Journalartikel
Dokumenttyp Wissenschaftlicher Artikel
Schlagwörter Defensive Behaviour ; Dorsal Raphe Nucleus ; Locus Coeruleus ; Medial Hypothalamus ; Noradrenergic Receptors ; Anterograde Neural Tract Tracing; Fear-induced Antinociception; Modulate Defensive Behaviors; Periaqueductal Gray-matter; Locus-coeruleus; Ventromedial Hypothalamus; Dorsomedial Hypothalamus; Serotonergic Neurons; Sympathetic Neurons; Transmitter Release; Superior Colliculus
ISSN (print) / ISBN 0006-8993
e-ISSN 1872-6240
Zeitschrift Brain Research
Quellenangaben Band: 1725, Heft: , Seiten: , Artikelnummer: 146468 Supplement: ,
Verlag Elsevier
Verlagsort Radarweg 29, 1043 Nx Amsterdam, Netherlands
Begutachtungsstatus Peer reviewed
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Page:Austen - Mansfield Park, vol. I, 1814.djvu/268
no longer, and I think, I may say, that nothing shall ever tempt me to it again. But one good thing I have just ascertained. It is the very room for a theatre, precisely the shape and length for it, and the doors at the farther end, communicating with each other as they may be made to do in five minutes, by merely moving the book-case in my father's room, is the very thing we could have desired, if we had set down to wish for it. And my father's room will be an excellent green-room. It seems to join the billiard room on purpose."
"You are not serious, Tom, in meaning to act?" said Edmund in a low voice, as his brother approached the fire."
"Not serious! never more so, I assure you. What is there to surprise you in it?"
"I think it would be very wrong. In a general light, private theatricals are open to some objections, but as we are circumstanced, I must think it would be highly
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Exponential Complexity of Satisfiability Testing for Linear-Size Boolean Formulas [chapter]
Evgeny Dantsin, Alexander Wolpert
2013 Lecture Notes in Computer Science
The exponential complexity of the satisfiability problem for a given class of Boolean circuits is defined to be the infimum of constants α such that the problem can be solved in time poly(m) 2 αn , where m is the circuit size and n is the number of input variables [IP01]. We consider satisfiability of linear Boolean formula over the full binary basis and we show that the corresponding exponential complexities are "interwoven" with those of k-CNF SAT in the following sense. For any constant c,
more » ... t fc be the exponential complexity of the satisfiability problem for Boolean formulas of size at most cn. Similarly, let s k be the exponential complexity of k-CNF SAT. We prove that for any c, there exists a k such that fc ≤ s k . Since the Sparsification Lemma [IPZ01] implies that for any k, there exists a c such that s k ≤ fc, we have sup c {fc} = sup k {s k }. (In fact, we prove this equality for a larger class of linear-size circuits that includes Boolean formulas.) Our work is partly motivated by two recent results. The first one is about a similar "interweaving" between linearsize circuits of constant depth and k-CNFs [SS12]. The second one is that satisfiability of linear-size Boolean formulas can be tested exponentially faster than in O(2 n ) time [San10, ST12] .
doi:10.1007/978-3-642-38233-8_10 fatcat:ritdjkikvbfvzgic4aiymzqere
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Wikipedia:Sockpuppet investigations/Angelo6397/Archive
10 July 2015
* Suspected sockpuppets
* User compare report Auto-generated every hour.
* Editor interaction utility
These two contributors came to my attention in regard to an egregious WP:BLP violation in the Andrea Brillantes article - tag-teaming to include badly-sourced sexually-explicit gossip about a 12-year-old child actor. As the article history shows, Angelo6397 initially added the (now revdelled) material at 07:27, 10 July, an IP removed it a couple of minutes later, and Oripaypaykim restored it at 07:31. Four minutes after it had first been added. While it might be possible that Oripaypaykim had the article watchlisted, the almost immediate revert seems suspicious - more so when it is also noted that Oripaypaykim went on to edit one of Angelo6397's posts shortly afterwards. AndyTheGrump (talk) 10:23, 10 July 2015 (UTC)
Comments by other users
* I just wikibreak says goodbye I been return from editor because still was able to October 2015 I don't think it is happened please don't block it <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 11:25, 10 July 2015 (UTC)
Clerk, CheckUser, and/or patrolling admin comments
The IP commenting above is obviously Oripaypaykim, editing logged out to say he is taking a wikibreak until 1 October 2015. Compare where Oripaypaykim activated the Wikibreak Enforcer for his account, nine minutes before posting logged out here. It seems likely that he was acting in good faith in reverting the other IP to reinstate the BLP violations on Andrea Brillantes, misled by poor English skills, and was somewhat appalled when he realised his mistake. Please compare this discussion on my page. Also, his poor English makes it clear that he's not a sock of the far more competent Angelo6397. This can be closed now; CU isn't needed. Bishonen | talk 14:23, 10 July 2015 (UTC).
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WIKI
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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mr. Butch
The result of the debate was No consensus = keep (6/4).May the Force be with you! Shreshth91 ($ |-| r 3 $ |-| t |-|) 16:12, 9 November 2005 (UTC)
Mr._Butch
Non-notable as a musician, coverage in a non-notable fanzine, limited google hits with lots of mirroring. Only real claim to fame seems to be his guitar work and occasional performances and being kicked out of Kenmore Square --badlydrawnjeff 20:43, 4 November 2005 (UTC)
* Keep There is no basis for this article to be deleted per the Deletion Guidelines. Mr. Butch IS a notable figure in the recent (past 20 years or so) history of Boston, with a fairly substantial cult following. --RoachMcKrackin 19:27, 7 November 2005 (UTC)
* Delete. --badlydrawnjeff 20:43, 4 November 2005 (UTC)
* Keep It: Yes, he isn't found on the internet much because he doesn't use the internet himself. Most people I've mentioned him to in Boston know who he is. It sounds like you're basically saying that people who are "haves" rather than "have nots" and are able to slap their names up all over the internet and be promoted in mainstream ways are somehow better people or more notable.
* I particularly like the idea of having a person who's chronically homeless and likely has persistent mental illness being listed for reasons other than having committed a crime or been the victim of one, which are the only reasons the mainstream hears about most people in his demographic. He's known for his personality and his artistry, which I think are positive things and should be encouraged.Triangular 21:15, 4 November 2005 (UTC)
* Yes, but how does this prove notability? --badlydrawnjeff 21:33, 4 November 2005 (UTC)
* If you've lived in Boston for any significant period of time in the last 15 years, you probably know who he is.
* yeah, definitely leave it in. he's a phenom, a living urban legend.
* Leave it. He's one of those people that everyone in Boston seems to know, even if they don't realize it. Bethling 22:46, 4 November 2005 (UTC)
* Is he? I've spent significant time in Boston, and I only heard of him last Friday. --badlydrawnjeff 19:10, 7 November 2005 (UTC)
* So just because you've never heard of him until recently doesn't mean he's a significant figure in Boston? --RoachMcKrackin 19:27, 7 November 2005 (UTC)
* But that's the thing: He's not all that significant. "Mr. Butch" + boston gets under 450 google hits, many of which are mirrors. If he was truly significant, he'd be better known and have more notability. I know that you've really only signed up recently, but notability is a reason to have an article here. His musical "career" doesn't show notability, and the idea that many people know him isn't all that established anyways. I'm one to vote to keep most things, but this is such an extreme case that I don't think a desire to highlight a positive homeless person trumps notability precedent. At this point, anyways, the keeps appear to have it to at least leave the article as a no consensus, but that doesn't change what he really is. Or let me put it another way - I've personally been featured in more notable media, performed for more audiences, and have more in the way of "notability" than this little known man in Boston. I'm certainly not worthy of a Wikipedia entry, and if you and I both can rattle off Bostonians who are better known than Mr. Butch who don't have articles, that should probably say something. --badlydrawnjeff 20:21, 7 November 2005 (UTC)
* He's not just a homeless person. I don't think that's where most of the defenders of this article are coming from. He's a Kenmore/Allston cultural figure, and the Google hits he -does- get reflect this. Here's a link to a 2002 documentary about him that was included in the Boston Underground Film festival: http://www.postwarmedia.nl/els/qt/clips_butch.html. Here's an article from Boston University's grad school journal, The Comment: http://www.bu.edu/com/comment/archive/2004/kenmoreking.htm. The photographer David Henry includes an 80s picture of him in his online gallery. I know that Google hits form part of the Wikipedia guidelines for significance, but I feel that they are often misleading, particular with underground or subculture phenomenae that is too new to enter the history books, but too old to have been adequately documented on the Internet. Kenmore Square itself is another example. There's not a lot on the net about K.S. in the 70s - early 90s period, but it was a very significant underground cultural center, where bands like The Replacements and The Zulus played in the "Rat" for small, devoted audiences. Anyone who was into that scene knows that Mr. Butch was a notable figure of that period of K.S. whether or not it's much been documented on the Internet. Tyler c gore 04:45, 8 November 2005 (UTC)
* Weak Keep per Bethling, but please let's see if greater verification can be established. Actually let's be honest, I just want to believe that this homeless guy is genuinely remembered by lots of folks. - Just zis Guy, you know? [T]/[C] :: AfD? 22:54, 4 November 2005 (UTC)
* Delete - defines non-notable local phenomenon. Remember the ideal standard... "in 100 years, will anyone remember who this guy is?" FCYTravis 23:29, 4 November 2005 (UTC)
* Delete, every neighborhood has a guy like this. -- Kjkolb 00:02, 5 November 2005 (UTC)
* Comment. This is a pretty good, informative article, of some interest to more than just a small niche community, and the guy's clearly much more noteworthy than just your typical eccentric homeless person. But some more solid evidence may need to be provided of his significance if the article's to stay; it's also troubling that not a single article links to Mr. Butch, not even Kenmore Square. The only way anyone could ever find this page is through the one category it's in (or through the new VfD pages and category that link to it). That's not a good sign. -Silence 00:32, 5 November 2005 (UTC)
* Delete as per nominator. --Agamemnon2 09:20, 5 November 2005 (UTC)
* Very weak keep, but it needs verification by established Bostonian Wikipedians. - Mgm|(talk) 10:50, 5 November 2005 (UTC)
* Keep It: Mr. Butch is a veritable Boston cultural figure. He has been a fixture in Kenmore Square and Allston since the mid-1980s, and has been particularly well-known to several generations of Boston University students. I went to B.U. in the late 1980s, and remember him well, and have seen articles written about him by more recent generations of Boston students. Although perhaps not quite as flamboyant, he is something like a modern-day Emperor Joshua Norton in Boston culture -- a street figure who has gained a high-degree of cultural significance in local circles. Look, there are articles on Wikipedia on a number of transitory internet trends (e.g. Flying Spaghetti Monster) that will likely have little significance in a few years. Mr. Butch has been a well-known figure in Boston for twenty years. This is not a frivolous entry. People come to Wikipedia for exactly this kind of local cultural information that can not be found elsewhere. Please keep this. In fact, I would like to add more to the article when I get a chance -- I have some pictures of Mr. Butch in the 1980s, somewhere. --Tyler_c_gore 13:56, 5 November 2005 (DST)
(PS -- I'm new to this, so forgive if I've added to this discussion incorrectly -- I used the edit this page box, but somehow I think that was probably the wrong way to do it.)
*Keep it!: I know Butch very well. In fact, I was hanging with him and a neighbor last evening, watching the Patriots / Colts game. He is alive and well and, I'm certain, bemused by all of this attention. He himself would probably be indifferent to whether or not he remains on Wikipedia. But the rest of us in Allston (I have asked people) all want this to remain here. He's part of our collective history far more than any possible reference to pop-fads or one-hit-wonder bands, of which there are numerous at this site. To correct the record: Butch has been well-known around here since the late 1970's. He is a local icon. Further: the statements that there are no links to Mister Butch are incorrect. He has even had a number of short movies made about him, is mentioned in Boston University's Alumni magazine (Bostonia), and is made mention of in many songs and CDs. Wikipedia would be doing us all a vast disservice by failing to retain some mention of him. -- Allstonian 09:42, 8 November 2005
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Grammatical category
In linguistics, a grammatical category or grammatical feature is a property of items within the grammar of a language. Within each category there are two or more possible values (sometimes called grammemes), which are normally mutually exclusive. Frequently encountered grammatical categories include:
* Case, varying according to function.
* Gender, with values like Male, Female, Animate, Inanimate, Neuter, and more general classes.
* Number, varying according to the number of things.
* Tense, varying according to when an action takes place in, whether in the present, past or future.
* Aspect, varying according to how much time an action will take, whether finished, repeated or habitual.
* Mood, varying according to modality, or the speaker's attitude towards the action.
Although the use of terms varies from author to author, a distinction should be made between grammatical categories and lexical categories. Lexical categories (considered syntactic categories) largely correspond to the parts of speech of traditional grammar, and refer to nouns, adjectives, etc.
A phonological manifestation of a category value (for example, a word ending that marks "number" on a noun) is sometimes called an exponent.
Grammatical relations define relationships between words and phrases with certain parts of speech, depending on their position in the syntactic tree. Traditional relations include subject, object, and indirect object.
Assignment and meaning
A given constituent of an expression can normally take only one value in each category. For example, a noun or noun phrase cannot be both singular and plural, since these are both values of the "number" category. It can, however, be both plural and feminine, since these represent different categories (number and gender).
Categories may be described and named with regard to the type of meanings that they are used to express. For example, the category of tense usually expresses the time of occurrence (e.g. past, present or future). However, purely grammatical features do not always correspond simply or consistently to elements of meaning, and different authors may take significantly different approaches in their terminology and analysis. For example, the meanings associated with the categories of tense, aspect and mood are often bound up in verb conjugation patterns that do not have separate grammatical elements corresponding to each of the three categories; see Tense–aspect–mood.
Manifestation of categories
Categories may be marked on words by means of inflection. In English, for example, the number of a noun is usually marked by leaving the noun uninflected if it is singular, and by adding the suffix -s if it is plural (although some nouns have irregular plural forms). On other occasions, a category may not be marked overtly on the item to which it pertains, being manifested only through other grammatical features of the sentence, often by way of grammatical agreement.
For example: The bird can sing. The birds can sing. In the above sentences, the number of the noun is marked by the absence or presence of the ending -s. The sheep is running. The sheep are running. In the above, the number of the noun is not marked on the noun itself (sheep does not inflect according to the regular pattern), but it is reflected in agreement between the noun and verb: singular number triggers is, and plural number are. The bird is singing. The birds are singing. In this case the number is marked overtly on the noun, and is also reflected by verb agreement.
However: "The sheep can run." In this case the number of the noun (or of the verb) is not manifested at all in the surface form of the sentence, and thus ambiguity is introduced (at least, when the sentence is viewed in isolation).
Exponents of grammatical categories often appear in the same position or "slot" in the word (such as prefix, suffix or enclitic). An example of this is the Latin cases, which are all suffixal: rosa, rosae, rosae, rosam, rosa, rosā ("rose", in the nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, vocative and ablative).
Categories can also pertain to sentence constituents that are larger than a single word (phrases, or sometimes clauses). A phrase often inherits category values from its head word; for example, in the above sentences, the noun phrase the birds inherits plural number from the noun birds. In other cases such values are associated with the way in which the phrase is constructed; for example, in the coordinated noun phrase Tom and Mary, the phrase has plural number (it would take a plural verb), even though both the nouns from which it is built up are singular.
Grammatical category of noun
In traditional structural grammar, grammatical categories are semantic distinctions; this is reflected in a morphological or syntactic paradigm. But in generative grammar, which sees meaning as separate from grammar, they are categories that define the distribution of syntactic elements. For structuralists such as Roman Jakobson grammatical categories were lexemes that were based on binary oppositions of "a single feature of meaning that is equally present in all contexts of use". Another way to define a grammatical category is as a category that expresses meanings from a single conceptual domain, contrasts with other such categories, and is expressed through formally similar expressions. Another definition distinguishes grammatical categories from lexical categories, such that the elements in a grammatical category have a common grammatical meaning – that is, they are part of the language's grammatical structure.
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George M. Humphrey (Nebraska politician)
George Millard Humphrey (1839 –November 10, 1894) was an American lawyer and Republican politician. He served as the speaker of the Nebraska House of Representatives in 1883. During the American Civil War he served in the Iron Brigade of the Army of the Potomac.
Biography
George M. Humphrey was born in New York in 1839. As a young man he moved to Lodi, Wisconsin, and studied law in the office of Richard Lindsay.
His studies were interrupted by the outbreak of the American Civil War and he was among the earliest volunteers for service in the Union Army. He was enrolled as a private in Company H of the 2nd Wisconsin Infantry Regiment and mustered into federal service with the regiment in June 1861. He was wounded in the First Battle of Bull Run, just a month after the start of his service, but returned to the regiment.
In the Fall of 1861, the 2nd Wisconsin Infantry was organized into a brigade with three other Wisconsin and Indiana regiments which would shortly become known as the Iron Brigade of the Army of the Potomac. Humphrey served with the brigade through the next three years of the war. He was commissioned 2nd lieutenant on June 11, 1862, and was promoted to 1st lieutenant two months later. He participated in the battles of Antietam and Gettysburg, and Grant's Overland Campaign.
His three-year enlistment expired in June 1864, but shortly afterward he re-enlisted with the 42nd Wisconsin Infantry Regiment and was commissioned captain of Company C in that regiment. Soon after re-entering the service, however, he was detailed as an adjutant and ordinance officer until the end of the war.
After the war, he was admitted to the bar and moved to Pawnee City, Nebraska, where he began a legal practice. He was active with the Republican Party in Nebraska, and was elected to the Nebraska House of Representatives, serving as speaker during the 1883 session. He was nominated for election to the Nebraska Supreme Court, but withdrew from the race before the election.
He died at his home in Pawnee City in November 1894 after a long illness.
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What Is Asthma?
Asthma is an inflammatory disease of the lungs, in which air passage gets narrow and swell. This forms extra mucus. This makes breathing difficult and triggers coughing, shortness of breath and wheezing.
For some people, the condition of asthma is a minor nuisance but for others, it can be a major problem, which interferes with their daily activities and may lead to a lethal asthma attack.
Is Asthma Curable?
Asthma is a long-term disorder which has no cure but its symptoms can be controlled. Its treatment has the goal to control the disease and prevent chronic symptoms, such as coughing and shortness of breath.
What Is an Asthma Attack?
An asthma attack is when symptoms are worse than usual. They can appear suddenly and can be mild, moderate or severe.
What Happens During an Asthma Attack?
During asthma attack:
• The muscles around the air passage tighten up and narrows the airway
• Less air is able to flow through the air passage
• Inflammation of the airways increases, which further narrows the air passage
• More mucus is formed in the airways, which decreases the flow of air even more
Do the Asthma Attacks Vary?
Asthma attacks can be mild, moderate, severe and very severe. In some asthma attacks, the airways are blocked and the oxygen fails to enter the lungs. This prevents the oxygen from entering the bloodstream and traveling to the vital organs of the body. This type of asthma attacks can be fatal and the patient may need urgent hospitalization.
Is It Possible to Prevent Asthma?
There is no way to prevent asthma, but with the help of your doctor you can design a step-by-step plan for preventing the asthma attack:
• Follow the asthma action plan : Design a detailed plan with the assistance of your doctor, for taking medicines and managing an asthma attack. Be sure to follow that plan.
• Get vaccinated for influenza and pneumonia : This will prevent flu and pneumonia from triggering asthma flare-ups.
• Avoid asthma triggers : There are a number of outdoor allergens and irritants that can trigger asthma attacks. Identify such triggers that worsen your asthma, and take steps to avoid them.
• Identify and treat attacks early : This will help to reduce the risk of a severe attack. Moreover, you will not require as many medicines to control the symptoms.
What Is the Prognosis of Asthma?
Most of the people suffering from asthma are able to control their condition if they work together with their physician and follow their treatment routine carefully.
However, the people who do not seek medical care or who do not follow a suitable treatment regimen are likely to suffer worsening of their asthma condition and worsening in their ability to function normally.
Does Omega-3 Play Any Role in Improving the Condition of Asthma?
Due to their anti-inflammatory properties, research suggests that omega-3 fatty acid supplements may decrease inflammation and improve lung function in patients with asthma. One clinical trial of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation in children with asthma found that those who took fish oil supplements rich in EPA and DHA for 10 months had improvement in their symptoms compared to children who took a placebo pill.
An Australian study showed that eating oily fish more than once per week protects children against asthma. Omega-3 fatty acids are also useful in reducing exercise-induced asthma.
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User:Drzart
DrZ Tumblr Site
Multimedia Artist James Zdaniewski, also known as "DrZ" or Doctor Z, was born in Erie, Pennsylvania on October 4th, 1980. He grew up idolizing Crew Jones of the movie RAD.
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1994 roadside attack on Spin magazine journalists
In the 1994 roadside attack on Spin magazine journalists on May Day during the Bosnian War, two journalists, Bryan Brinton and Francis William Tomasic, were killed by a landmine, and journalist and novelist William T. Vollmann was injured near Mostar in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Description
William T. Vollmann, Bryan Brinton, and Francis William Tomasic, United States journalists, were in a jeep driving through the north of Mostar in Bosnia and Herzegovina, when they had driven off the main road in territory controlled by the Bosnian army. While driving on this road, the vehicle ran over a landmine at around 4:00 p.m. on 1 May 1994. The mine injured and hospitalized Vollmann and killed Brinton and Tomasic.
Bryan Brinton
Bryan William Brinton, also known as William Ryan (June 16, 1949 – May 1, 1994), grew up in Crown Hill, Washington. Brinton was the youngest of three brothers from the West Seattle area. He used the name William Ryan at times because it was his middle name and his mother's maiden name. Brinton was enlisted in the army from June 18, 1968 – March 20, 1971 and toured the Vietnam War as a medic. After breaking up with a girlfriend when he was 44 years old, Brinton began studying photojournalism and family therapy at Shoreline Community College, hoping to one day pursue photography and journalism full-time rather than landscaping (Brinton owned a landscaping business, Northwest Pacific Tree Service, for most of his adult life. ).
Brinton traveled to Bosnia and Herzegovina to gain access to press credentials. There he contacted Magnolia News on April 25, 1994, from Croatia and offered his photographs in exchange for press credentials. He wanted to take pictures in war-torn Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Francis William Tomasic
Francis William Tomasic (26 April 1958 – 1 May 1994), a freelance photographer, age 36, was from Bloomington, Indiana, and attended high school there. Tomasic was a friend of William T. Vollmann, they met while attending the same high school. After high school, Tomasic got his degree in Serbo-Croatian language from Cornell University. Vollmann studied Comparative Literature at Cornell. Both ended up on the trip to Bosnia. Tomasic's father was a professor at Indiana University. He was of Croatian descent. Tomasic was working as a freelance photographer and translator for Spin magazine. His friends say that he was an aspiring journalist and that is what drew him to Bosnia and Herzegovina. A friend of Francis stated, "I think Fran thought that there might be some way to help people understand what was going on in Yugoslavia if some journalists could talk to the people at the helm."
Context
Mostar was the location of the conflict between Bosnian Croats and Muslims. The land mine in which the vehicle ran over was near a dam at Salakovac, north of Mostar in Bosnia. A U.N. Military spokesman stated the unrest in the area was the worst fights between Bosnian Serbs and U.N. forces in Bosnia in 2 years, when the fighting first began in the Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. About 3 million mines were laid down during this war.
Reactions
In a tribute to Francis Tomasic on May 26, 1994, in the United States House of Representatives, a speech was given to honor him. The speech mentioned that the combat zones are unpredictable, with the ones in the new Republic of Yugoslavia being the most unforeseeable. An acquaintance of Tomasic stated he had "inexhaustible sweetness and that he was not someone who understood malice."
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• If you need help or want to discuss things, you now can also join us on our Discord Server!
• A first preview of the unlimited version of SinusBot can be found in the Upcoming Changes thread. A version for Windows will follow, but we don't have a release date, yet.
Resource icon
SConomy NG Database Plugin 1.1.2
No permission to download
SConomy NG Database Plugin adds the database storage to SConomy NG (MariaDB / MySQL / PostgreSQL) [v1.1].
DB plugin version | Supported SConomy NG version
1.0 | 1.5.2
1.1.x | 1.6.x → 1.8.x
Setup [not needed if sinusbot >= 1.0]:
In the config.ini files (next to the script folder), add the 2 following lines (allow the database connection):
[Scripts.Privileges]
sconomy-ng-db = ["db"]
Database credentials / info:
Place the script into the script folder. Reboot the bot and configure your database credentials in the settings, like the other scripts.
Apply:
Now, you'll need to restart the bot in order to apply the changes.
Once this is done, you will need to activate the plugin in the settings (check the checkbox).
Script integration
First, the example:
JavaScript:
event.on('load', function()
{
var sconomyDB = require('sconomy-ng-db.js');
if (!sconomyDB || !sconomyDB.isEnabled())
{
// Disable the support
sconomyDB = null;
}
else
{
// Connection is handled by SConomy NG
engine.log('SConomy NG DB loaded');
}
}
Then, the notes:
The plugin works like a library and you'll need to use it after all the scripts are loaded (event.on('load').
There is three mains functions that are usable:
- sconomyDB.isEnabled() Self-explanatory
- sconomyDB.setData(userUID, type, value); See below
- sconomyDB.getData(userUID, type); See below
The set and get functions use (almost) the same parameters:
- userUID user UID (if one, or any key)
- type the string 'sconomy', 'progress' or any other string* (if you use the last one, the value must be an integer).
- value the float (sconomy) or integer (progress or any custom type) value to be saved
* If you use custom strings, please note that the concatenaion of the userUID (a key, then, here) and the type must not exceed 32 characters.
Examples:
- Getting an user currency:
var sconomy = sconomyDB.getData('CoolButInvalidUID', 'sconomy');
- Setting an user currency:
sconomyDB.setData('CoolButInvalidUID', 'sconomy', 42);
- Setting a custom integer
sconomyDB.setData('RemainingItemsID85', 'quantity', value);
Note: a lot of these functions are here for Sconomy NG only and therefor not usefull in your case.
isEnabled
getTick
start
getMigrationFunctions
setData
setAllData
getData
Needed permissions:
Your database user will need CREATE, INSERT, SELECT and UPDATE (and DELETE for migration command) privileges for the database.
Warning: having a database will make it (a little bit) harder for plugin-maker to manage your money
Added migration arguments:
* public_db => Copy data from public to the database storage
* db_public => Copy data from database to the public storage
* unset_db => Clean all data from the database (only sconomy data, don't worry)
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Fixed an issue caused by new database permissions used in 1.0.
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Page:Speeches, correspondence and political papers of Carl Schurz, Volume 2.djvu/418
398 of those laws, I always gave credit for good intentions, were drawn into their support by their generous sympathies for those whom they considered in peril. But what was the character of those laws, what their effect and what the great aim of some of the master-spirits who designed them? Not only did they, in protecting the rights of some, break down the bulwarks of the citizen against arbitrary authority, and by transgressing all Constitutional limitations of power, endanger the rights of all; not only did they awaken in the breasts of many, however well disposed, the grave apprehension that a government or a ruling party assuming so much would stop at nothing, but such measures served directly to sustain in power the very adventurers who by their revolting system of plunder were violently keeping alive the spirit of disorder which that legislation was to repress. Some of the very worst of that thieving fraternity have been constantly hanging around Congress bawling and pressing for the extremest measures, with no other view but that every such act would be likely to give them a new lease of power and extended freedom to steal. How much they care about the protection of the rights of citizens and the lives of innocent persons, I do not know, but I am certain that they value such laws especially as a political machinery to control ballot-boxes and as receiving an extension of their plundering license. How well those laws serve that purpose you will learn by studying the history of the South during the last few years. I have been informed that at this very moment in a certain part of North Carolina over five hundred indictments, found in some way under that legislation, are held by the United States authorities in terrorem over the heads of so many voters and their friends, to make them vote and exert their influence at the impending State election as the managers of the Grant party direct.
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Ebola outbreak in Congo grows to become world’s 2nd-worst | TheHill
An outbreak of the Ebola virus in an eastern province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo has become the second-largest epidemic of the deadly disease in modern history as public health officials struggle to contain its spread. Congo’s health ministry said late Thursday at least 426 cases of the Ebola virus had been identified and of those infected, 245 are dead. That number surpasses a 2000-2001 outbreak in neighboring Uganda, in which 425 people were infected and 224 died. The worst Ebola outbreak in recorded history began in 2013 in the West African nation of Guinea, where it spread to Liberia and Sierra Leone and infected more than 28,000 people. Public health experts say the outbreak in Congo’s North Kivu and Ituri provinces has been difficult to contain because of a combination of insecurity in a region where dozens of armed rebel groups operate freely and community distrust of the government. North Kivu is home to more than 8 million people. More than a million of those residents are internally displaced by decades-long ethnic violence. “Ebola’s overlapped with a hell of a crisis,” said Michael Osterholm, director of the Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy at the University of Minnesota. “What we have here is basically a civil war going on.” Cross-border attacks from Islamist militants in Uganda and from anti-government militias have killed dozens in recent months, including several health-care workers, halting the response for days at a time. Some cases have cropped up in so-called red zones, areas that are out of the government’s control where health-care workers have little or no access. After a bombing in September in the town of Beni, at the heart of the epidemic, health-care workers were locked down and the response to the outbreak stopped for a week amid protests over the insecurity. “Some days we can’t move due to insecurity and have to cancel planned work at health facilities,” said Stacey Mearns, the Ebola response program director for the International Rescue Committee in Beni. Congo’s health ministry said in a statement Thursday that field teams, tasked with identifying and vaccinating those who have come into contact with Ebola victims, are routinely harassed by groups of young people. One gang broke into a morgue last week to steal a body of someone who died from Ebola. More than 37,500 people have received an experimental new vaccine, and last week the health ministry launched a first-of-its-kind randomized multi-drug test for a number of potential treatments. At least 160 patients have been treated with drugs that are still in the investigational phase, the World Health Organization (WHO) said. But even getting patients to treatment has been a problem in the region, because few trust the government. That mistrust fostered the spread of Ebola in rural regions of Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia four years ago, feeding the virus as it spread through far-flung communities; the same situation exists in Congo. “The population here has suffered for a very long time, with over 50 armed groups, 20 years of violence and conflict that has impacted all aspects of peoples lives, with major displacement. As a result the population is distrustful towards government and authorities,” Mearns said in an email. “Being this far into an outbreak with this on-going level of community resistance is worrying, it signals the long road we have ahead.” Mearns said those who mistrust the government might hide sick relatives rather than taking them to a treatment center, or refuse to accept the vaccine. Many believe the outbreak is likely to get worse before it gets better. Upcoming elections scheduled for next month are likely to exacerbate tensions between ethnic groups. “I feel nervous about the next month with elections coming, and what that means for the security situation here. Any further deteriorations in security would have catastrophic effects on the outbreak,” Mearns said. Robert Redfield, the director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), gave voice to those fears when he seemed to suggest this month that Ebola may become entrenched in the region. He later walked back those comments. American agencies such as the CDC and the U.S. Agency for International Development have not sent responders to North Kivu, after the State Department warned of the tenuous security situation. “We don’t believe that the Ebola outbreak currently is not containable. In fact in many health areas and health zones, it has been contained,” Peter Salama, the WHO’s deputy director-general of emergency preparedness and response, told The Hill in a recent interview. But the expanding number of cases has officials concerned that the virus could jump across international borders into Uganda, Rwanda and nearby South Sudan. CDC officials have led a vaccination campaign among medical personnel in Uganda in anticipation of the virus’s spread, the first such vaccination campaign in a country that has not yet suffered from this outbreak. The White House said this month that about three dozen American officials are working to support the outbreak response, either in Kinshasa or from Washington. The CDC has also deployed experts to Rwanda, South Sudan and to WHO’s headquarters in Geneva. “We’re going to be slugging this out in the trenches. We’re now in the public health trenches. Just asking to war itself, this is going to be hand-to-hand combat in a way,” Osterholm said. “I think this one’s going to burn for a long time.” View the discussion thread. The Hill 1625 K Street, NW Suite 900 Washington DC 20006 | 202-628-8500 tel | 202-628-8503 fax The contents of this site are ©2019 Capitol Hill Publishing Corp., a subsidiary of News Communications, Inc.
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What happens to gas as temperature increases?
Have you ever wondered what happens to a gas when it gets hot? Or why the pressure inside a sealed container increases when it is heated? Understanding these concepts is important not only in physics and chemistry but also in everyday life.
In this blog post, we will explore what happens to gas as temperature increases. We will explore the behavior of gas molecules and their relationship to pressure and volume. So, let’s get started!
Gas Molecules and Temperature
To understand what happens to gas as temperature increases, we must first understand the behavior of gas molecules. Gas molecules are in constant motion, moving in all directions and colliding with each other and their container. This motion is caused by the energy of the molecules, which can be in the form of heat or kinetic energy.
As the temperature increases, the gas molecules gain more energy and move faster. This means they collide with each other and the walls of their container more frequently and with greater force. In turn, this leads to an increase in pressure inside the container.
Boyle’s Law and Charles’s Law
The relationship between pressure, volume, and temperature in a gas can be described by Boyle’s Law and Charles’s Law. Boyle’s Law states that at a constant temperature, the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume. This means that as the pressure of a gas increases, its volume decreases, and vice versa.
On the other hand, Charles’s Law states that at a constant pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature. This means that as the temperature of a gas increases, its volume increases, and vice versa.
Together, Boyle’s Law and Charles’s Law explain why the pressure of a gas increases as its temperature increases. When a gas is heated, its volume increases, but the pressure remains constant. This means that the gas molecules are now occupying more space, but are still colliding with the same number of molecules and same container walls. This leads to an overall increase in pressure.
The Ideal Gas Law
The behavior of gas molecules can be further explained by the Ideal Gas Law. The Ideal Gas Law relates the pressure, volume, temperature, and number of gas molecules in a container. The law states that the product of the pressure and volume of a gas is proportional to the number of gas molecules and the temperature of the gas. Mathematically, this is expressed as:
PV = nRT,
where P is the pressure of the gas, V is its volume, n is the number of gas molecules, R is the universal gas constant, and T is the temperature of the gas in Kelvin.
The Ideal Gas Law assumes that the gas molecules are in constant motion, have no volume or attractive forces between them, and that the collisions between the gas molecules and the container walls are perfectly elastic. While this is not completely true for real gases, the Ideal Gas Law provides a useful tool for understanding the behavior of gases at different temperatures and pressures.
Applications in Everyday Life
Understanding the behavior of gas as temperature increases has many practical applications in everyday life. For example, the pressure of car tires increases when they are driven on a hot day. This is because the air inside the tires heats up, causing the gas molecules to move faster and collide with the container walls more frequently. This leads to an increase in pressure, which can cause the tires to fail if they are overinflated.
Additionally, the behavior of gases at different temperatures and pressures is important in the design of engines and turbines. For example, gas turbines operate at very high temperatures and pressures, which is important in generating electricity in power plants. Understanding the behavior of gas molecules at these extreme conditions is crucial in ensuring the safe and efficient operation of these machines.
Conclusion
In summary, when a gas is heated, its molecules gain more energy and move faster. This leads to an increase in pressure inside the container, as the gas molecules collide with each other and the walls of their container more frequently and with greater force. This behavior can be described by Boyle’s Law, Charles’s Law, and the Ideal Gas Law, which explain the relationship between pressure, volume, temperature, and the number of gas molecules. Understanding the behavior of gas at different temperatures and pressures has many practical applications in everyday life and is crucial in the design of engines and turbines.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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-- Sugar Falls as Rains Seen Boosting Brazilian Production
Sugar fell for a third day in New
York on speculation that rains causing harvest delays in Brazil
will help boost production later in the season. Cocoa advanced,
and coffee declined. Rainfall delayed harvesting and shipments last week from
the main growing areas in Brazil, the world’s largest sugar
grower and exporter, sending prices up 4.7 percent.
Precipitation may be beneficial to cane fields in the long-run
because the plants will grow more, Naim Beydoun, a broker at
Swiss Sugar Brokers, said by telephone from Rolle, Switzerland. “The upside momentum has seemingly stalled,” Thomas Kujawa , the co-head of soft commodities at Sucden Financial
Ltd., wrote in a report e-mailed today. “The trades seem to be
all gearing up for a strong Brazil tail to the crop.” Raw sugar for October delivery fell 0.9 percent to settle
at 19.51 cents a pound at 2 p.m. on ICE Futures U.S. in New
York. Refined-sugar futures for August delivery dropped 0.3
percent to $566.70 a metric ton on NYSE Liffe in London . Cocoa futures for September delivery advanced 0.2 percent
to $2,263 a ton in New York. Arabica-coffee futures for September delivery slid 2
percent to $1.5105 a pound on ICE. In London, cocoa rose, and robusta coffee was little
changed. To contact the reporter on this story:
Isis Almeida in London at
ialmeida3@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Claudia Carpenter at
ccarpenter2@bloomberg.net
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What to Cook This Week
What to Cook Good morning. I got into it with the cutting boards and butcher block just now, scrubbing away the sins of 2017, allowing everything to dry and then rubbing an immense amount of beeswax and mineral oil into the wood. It was mindless labor — simple work that made the kitchen a better place to be — and it helped keep the Sunday panic at bay. The work set life in my control, and not the other way around. You might try something like that this afternoon yourself, particularly if there are things about your surroundings that bum you out, definitely if there are things in your life that kick up anxiety, that make you restless, that leave you tight. Winter’s crowding us hard this month. So do something with your hands. It’s a way of taking charge. Like, look at your cast-iron pans. And then let me show you how to take care of them properly. Then cook in them, all the time, so that you get in the habit of doing so. Cook a lot whatever you do! We’ve got a fine collection of recipes worth making over a long weekend such as this one, with Martin Luther King Jr. Day coming up on Monday. Maybe make chicken with vinegar (above) for dinner tonight. Or wild rice and mushroom casserole. You could make katsudon. And someday soon you should absolutely make a pot of firehouse chili gumbo. Or, you know, you could just pour some Irish coffee and settle in to watch the Jaguars-Steelers game into the Saints-Viking game into “60 Minutes,” and then have a marathon session of “The Get Down” before bed. Eat some loaded nachos at some point in there, too. Therapy takes many forms. So that’s Sunday. Tomorrow, for the holiday, you can knock down Julia Moskin’s recipe for chicken baked with potatoes, cherry tomatoes and herbs. I like Melissa Clark’s recipe for pasta with fried lemons and chile flakes for a Tuesday night feed. And, on Wednesday, this old Reader’s Digest recipe for salmon with lime-herb butter should hit the spot. Thursday night should be good for Hunan beef with cumin, a dish that pairs well with jasmine rice and a platter of greens with oyster sauce. And for your Friday feed? How about a warm kale salad with tomato and coconut, followed by a bowl of bananas Foster? Life’s really good, if you can eat like that. There are a gajillion more recipes to consider cooking this week at NYT Cooking. Go browse them a while, and save the ones you like to your recipe box. You can rate the recipes after you’ve cooked them, and you can leave notes on them as well, to remind yourself or to tell others about ingredient substitutions you’ve made, or hacks you’ve achieved. (Yes, you’ll need a subscription to do so.) We’ll be here to help if something goes wrong along the way. Just write: cookingcare@nytimes.com. We’ll get back to you. Now, nothing to do with aspic or chopped ginger: You have to read Taffy Brodesser-Akner on Tonya Harding, in The Times. It’s so great. As is, so long as we’re reading, Henry Alford on dining at Paris’s first nudist restaurant, in The New Yorker. Finally, the excellent Monte Burke turned me on to Chris Dombrowski’s “Body of Water.” It’s literary fishing writing of the first order, just the thing to fill a winter afternoon far from the flats, a spur to amazing dreams. See you tomorrow. cooking cooking
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gfalFS man page
gfalFS — Filesystem client for the GFAL 2.0 toolkit
Synopsis
Mount
gfalFS [options] mntdir remote_url
Umount
gfalFS_umount mntdir
Description
gfalFS is a filesystem allowing to mount any resources supported by the GFAL 2.0 toolkit.
This include any resources accessible by the following protocol : WebDav/HTTP, xrootd, SRM, GridFTP, dCAP, LFC, RFIO...
Please refer to the GFAL 2.0 documentation for the complete list of supported protocols.
The user can seamlessly interacts with grid and cloud storage systems just as if they are local files.
The protocol support depends directly of the GFAL 2.0 plugin configuration.
Options
-d
debug mode - does not act anymore like a daemon and print usefull information about the current operations.
-g
guid mode - access directly to the file by the guid name on the current lfc.
-s
single thread mode - Use only one thread to execute the operations, this cause a major slowdown of the execution but guarantee a protection against thread safety problems.
-v
enable verbose mode - print more informations about the current execution, can be use with -d in case of problems .
-V
print the version number.
Examples
Mount an WebDav over https directory and execute a directory listing
mkdir ~/my_mnt/
gfalFS ~/my_mnt davs://lxfsra04a04.cern.ch/dpm/cern.ch/
/bin/ls ~/my_mnt
Mount a local folder in debug mode and execute a directory listing
mkdir ~/my_mnt/
gfalFS ~/my_mnt -v -d file:///etc/
/bin/ls ~/my_mnt
Mount an SRM directory with transparent file operations
gfalFS ~/my_mnt srm://cvitbdpm1.cern.ch/dpm/cern.ch/home/dteam/
echo "Hello world" > ~/my_mnt/hello
cat ~/my_mnt/hello
cp ~/my_mnt/hello /tmp/test_hello
Mount an GRIDFTP directory and create a directory
gfalFS ~/my_mnt gsiftp://cvitbdpm1.cern.ch/dpm/cern.ch/home/dteam/
mkdir ~/my_mnt/testdir
stat ~/my_mnt/testdir
Mount an LFC directory and list the replicas of a file
gfalFS ~/my_mnt lfc://prod-lfc-shared-central.cern.ch/grid/dteam
getfattr -n user.replicas ~/my_mnt/test_file
Unmount an existing gfalFS mount point
gfalFS_umount ~/my_mnt/
See Also
syslog(3), gfal2(3),
Authors
Adrien Devresse <adrien.devresse@cern.ch>, Jean-Philippe Baud.
Info
Date: 2012/04/15 15:00:00 gfalFS Filesystem client based on GFAL 2.0
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Talk:Position sensor
I just created this page. It needs more information and wikifying. Please help. Panchhee 15:47, 29 April 2007 (UTC)
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WIKI
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Unlocking Wellness: The Role of CBD Oil in Canada’s Wellness Tendencies
Introduction:
In new decades, Canada has witnessed a transformative change in its approach to health and fitness and wellness, embracing different and holistic therapies. A person standout participant in this burgeoning wellness landscape is CBD oil. As Canadians increasingly find all-natural alternatives to enhance their nicely-getting, CBD oil has emerged as a powerful contender. In this post, we are going to delve into how CBD oil seamlessly matches into the broader health and fitness and wellness traits sweeping throughout Canada.
Being familiar with CBD Oil:
CBD, brief for cannabidiol, is a non-psychoactive compound derived from the cannabis plant. As opposed to its counterpart, THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), CBD doesn’t induce a “significant.” Rather, it interacts with the endocannabinoid procedure in the human overall body, influencing various physiological functions.
The Canadian Lawful Landscape:
Right before we discover CBD’s function in wellness, it is really crucial to comprehend its lawful status in Canada. CBD derived from industrial hemp with a lot less than .three% THC is lawful for each medicinal and leisure use. This regulatory framework has paved the way for a burgeoning sector of CBD products, ranging from oils to edibles.
CBD Oil and Worry Management:
A person of the primary causes Canadians are turning to CBD oil is its probable in tension administration. The rapidly-paced nature of modern life often leaves individuals grappling with anxiety and anxiety. CBD’s interaction with receptors in the mind could help control stress hormones, providing a all-natural and holistic solution to peace.
Slumber Assistance with CBD:
High quality slumber is paramount for in general well being, and Canada is not immune to the climbing considerations of slumber problems. CBD oil has acquired attractiveness for its potential to advertise restful snooze. By calming the anxious system and addressing underlying triggers of snooze disturbances, CBD features a non-addictive alternate to regular slumber aids.
Agony Aid and Inflammation:
Long-term pain influences hundreds of thousands of Canadians, limiting their every day pursuits and diminishing their excellent of lifestyle. CBD oil’s anti-inflammatory houses make it an interesting option for all those looking for relief from conditions like arthritis, migraines, and muscle mass soreness. As an substitute to common pain management, CBD provides a promising avenue for people on the lookout to reduce pain normally.
Psychological Health and CBD:
The psychological health and fitness landscape in Canada is evolving, with improved consciousness and destigmatization of psychological well being troubles. CBD’s likely in supporting mental health and fitness is a subject matter of rising desire. Scientific studies recommend that CBD might have antidepressant and anxiolytic effects, producing it a complementary software for folks navigating mental wellbeing worries.
CBD and the Health and fitness Revolution:
As Canada witnesses a surge in physical fitness consciousness, CBD oil is locating a put between health enthusiasts. Write-up-exercising a knockout post is very important for sustained bodily action, and CBD’s anti-inflammatory and analgesic attributes may possibly contribute to faster recovery instances. Athletes and health and fitness aficionados are increasingly incorporating CBD into their wellness routines to increase overall performance and help restoration.
The Holistic Solution to Wellness:
What sets CBD aside in the Canadian wellness landscape is its holistic mother nature. Alternatively of just addressing distinct indications, CBD interacts with the endocannabinoid technique to advertise all round equilibrium and very well-getting. This aligns with the broader change to holistic ways to wellbeing, concentrating on the interconnectedness of actual physical, mental, and psychological well-remaining.
Navigating the CBD Current market:
As the demand for CBD oil rises, the market place is flooded with a myriad of products. Canadians are encouraged to prioritize high quality, deciding on solutions from respected resources with transparent producing processes. Knowing dosage and consulting health care gurus is important to assure a risk-free and efficient CBD encounter.
Conclusion:
In the kaleidoscope of Canada’s evolving wellness developments, CBD oil has emerged as a functional and holistic ally in endorsing wellness and perfectly-getting. From pressure management to slumber help, suffering reduction, and mental wellness, CBD’s potential added benefits align seamlessly with the assorted requires of Canadians. As the nation proceeds to embrace alternative wellness options, CBD oil stands at the forefront of a wellness revolution, offering a pure path to equilibrium and vitality.
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U.S. doctors rule out pneumonia due to inhaled oil as cause of vaping injuries
CHICAGO (Reuters) - Doctors studying lung tissue from people with vaping-related injuries have ruled out one diagnosis as a probable explanation of how vaping harms the lungs, further deepening the mystery over the exact cause of hundreds of illnesses in the United States. Pathologists from the Mayo Clinic studied lung biopsies from 17 patients in the vaping-related outbreak that has sickened more than 800 and claimed the lives of 16 people in 13 U.S. states. They found that none of the cases had evidence of lipoid pneumonia, a rare diagnosis typically associated with people accidentally inhaling oils into their lungs. Their finding, published on Wednesday as a letter in the New England Journal of Medicine, contradicted a study of five patients in North Carolina, published on Sept. 6 in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. In those cases, doctors examined cells from patients with severe lung injury and found immune system cells called macrophages filled with oil. They diagnosed all five with lipoid pneumonia. The serious respiratory illnesses have prompted a health scare that has led U.S. officials to urge people to stop vaping, especially products containing THC - the psychoactive ingredient in marijuana. Several states have also banned some vaping products and flavorings in response to the outbreak. Scientists have been working to understand any role these oil-filled cells, known as lipid-laden macrophages, might play in explaining how vaping can cause lung injuries in otherwise healthy adults. One possibility is that the oil is coming directly from oils inhaled in vaping devices. So far, 87% of the 86 people in Illinois and Wisconsin who got sick from vaping admitted to having used THC, but 71% also reported using nicotine-containing products. Another theory, backed by studies in mice, is that the fat-clogged immune cells are forming as part of the body’s natural defense response to exposure to solvents or other chemicals used in vaping liquids. In the study published on Wednesday, Mayo pathologists looked at lung tissue removed from sick patients rather than just lung cells and found no sign of lipoid pneumonia. In their review, the injuries appear to be caused by inhaling chemical irritants, but the specific agents have not been identified. “We didn’t see any evidence of a fat-type pneumonia,” Dr. Yasmeen Butt, a pulmonary pathologist at Mayo Clinic in Arizona and one of the study’s lead authors, said in a phone interview. Researchers did see a few cases of droplets of oil, but nothing that would suggest lipoid pneumonia, they said. “This really does look like a chemical or drug-type of injury,” Butt said. Dr. Laura Crotty Alexander, a pulmonlogist who studies vaping at University of California San Diego, said the Mayo findings are in line with other studies suggesting the injuries are related to a toxin entering the lungs. “This is just putting further emphasis on the fact that lipoid pneumonia is not the pathologic pattern being seen in this epidemic,” she said in an email. Reporting by Julie Steenhuysen; Editing by Cynthia Osterman and Bill Berkrot
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Body mass index, physical activity, and mortality in women diagnosed with ovarian cancer: Results from the Women's Health Initiative
Yang Zhou, Rowan Chlebowski, Michael J. Lamonte, Jennifer W. Bea, Lihong Qi, Robert Wallace, Sayeh Lavasani, Brian W. Walsh, Garnet Anderson, Mara Vitolins, Gloria Sarto, Melinda L. Irwin
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
41 Scopus citations
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer is often diagnosed at late stages and consequently the 5-year survival rate is only 44%. However, there is limited knowledge of the association of modifiable lifestyle factors, such as physical activity and obesity on mortality among women diagnosed with ovarian cancer. The purpose of our study was to prospectively investigate the association of (1) measured body mass index (BMI), and (2) self-reported physical activity with ovarian cancer-specific and all-cause mortality in postmenopausal women enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI). Methods Participants were 600 women diagnosed with primary ovarian cancer subsequent to enrollment in WHI. Exposure data, including measured height and weight and reported physical activity from recreation and walking, used in this analysis were ascertained at the baseline visit for the WHI. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to examine the associations between BMI, physical activity and mortality endpoints. Results Vigorous-intensity physical activity was associated with a 26% lower risk of ovarian cancer specific-mortality (HR = 0.74; 95% CI: 0.56-0.98) and a 24% lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.58-0.98) compared to no vigorous-intensity physical activity. BMI was not associated with mortality. Conclusions Participating in vigorous-intensity physical activity, assessed prior to ovarian cancer diagnosis, appears to be associated with a lower risk of ovarian cancer mortality.
Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)4-10
Number of pages7
JournalGynecologic oncology
Volume133
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - Apr 2014
Keywords
• Exercise
• Mortality
• Obesity
• Ovarian cancer
• Physical activity
• Weight
ASJC Scopus subject areas
• Oncology
• Obstetrics and Gynecology
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Body mass index, physical activity, and mortality in women diagnosed with ovarian cancer: Results from the Women's Health Initiative'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
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Mercruiser 5.7 Oil Type & Capacity [July 2024]
Mercruiser 5.7 Oil Type: Inspecting and maintaining the condition of your Mercruiser 5.7 engine essential to ensure optimal performance and long-lasting use.
The most crucial aspect of maintenance is regular oil changes. This guide will provide important particulars about Mercruiser 5.7 oil modifications, which include the Recommended type of oil capacity, filter, And the average cost.
The type: Mercruiser 5.7 engines require high-quality synthetic oils that is certified by the standards of the NMMA Premier Marine Oil Certification. This will ensure that your engine gets the protection it needs from wear and tear, particularly in harsh marine environments.
Capacity: the capacity for oil in a Mercruiser 5.7 engine is seven quarts (6.6 Liters). It is essential to make sure you use the right amount of oil in order to avoid overfilling or a lack of fill, which could result in damage to the engine.
Filter: A recommended filter to use that is recommended for the Mercruiser 5.7 engine is one of the MerCruiser 88998T oil filters. It is made to remove contaminants and debris to ensure clean oil circulation throughout the engine.
Price: The average cost of a Mercruiser 5.7 oil replacement is anywhere between $150 and $250. This includes oil and filter as well as labor. The exact price may differ depending on the Location you live in And the rates of your mechanic.
Pro Tips: For optimal engine performance, it is recommended to make oil changes every 100 hours or every year or annually, whichever is first.
Mercruiser 5.7 Oil Capacity
Mercruiser 5.7 Engine Oil Type
The recommended types of oil for the Mercruiser 5.7 engine are 5W-30 and 0W-30 – synthetic oil. Synthetic oil can be more expensive than conventional oil. However, it offers better protection against wear and tear and can last longer between oil changes.
If you reside in a cold climate you can make use of a 0.W-30 oil. This oil will be a little thinner and flow more smoothly at lower temperatures, which could help prevent the engine from running rough.
If you reside in a hot climate you can apply an oil 5W-30. The oil will be more dense and offer better protection in high temperatures.
It is essential to read the owner’s manual to determine the particular oil type and viscosity recommended by the Mercruiser 5.7 engine.
Mercruiser 5.7 Oil Type
Mercruiser 5.7 Oil Capacity
The capacity of oil in the Mercruiser 5.7 engine is contingent on the particular model and the year. Here are the most common capacities of oil used by Mercruiser 5.7 engines.
• MIE 5.7L/ 350 Mag MPI: 5-1/2 US qt (5.2 L)
• MIE 5.7L/ 350 Mag MPI: 4-1/2 US qt (4.25 L)
• Ski 5.7L: 4 US qt (3.8 L)
• Ski 5.7L/ 350 Mag & MPI: 5 US qt (4.7 L)
It is essential to verify the owner’s manual to determine the specific capacity of the oil in the Mercruiser 5.7 engine. You can find these details on the Mercruiser website.
When you change the oil inside the Mercruiser 5.7 engine It is crucial to use the right volume of oil. Insufficiently filling the engine could result in leaks and other issues.
mercruiser 5.7 engine specs
Here are the specifications for the Mercruiser 5.7 engine:
FeatureDetails
Engine TypeV8
Displacement5.7 liters (350 cubic inches)
HorsepowerTypically ranges from 250 to 320 HP
Fuel SystemCarbureted or Fuel Injected
Cooling SystemRaw water or Closed Cooling System
Compression Ratio9.4:1
Bore and Stroke4.00 in x 3.48 in (101.6 mm x 88.4 mm)
Ignition SystemElectronic Ignition
Lubrication SystemPressure lubrication system
Recommended FuelRegular unleaded gasoline (87 octane)
Oil CapacityApproximately 5-6 quarts (varies by model)
Weight (dry)Approximately 950-1050 lbs (431-476 kg)
DimensionsVaries by installation and model
These specifications may vary slightly depending on the specific model and year of the Mercruiser 5.7 engine. For precise details, it is advisable to refer to the owner’s manual or visit the official Mercruiser website.
Mercruiser 5.7 Oil Filter
The most recommended oil filter for a Mercruiser 5.7 engine is a Quicksilver 35-866340Q03. The filter is available at most marine dealers and on the internet at retailers.
When you are changing the oil filter of the Mercruiser 5.7 engine it is essential to select the right filter. If you use the wrong filter, it could cause damage to the engine.
Mercruiser 5.7 Oil Filter
Mercruiser 5.7 Oil Change
Changing the oil in the Mercruiser 5.7 can be a straightforward procedure that is done at home, using only a few tools. These are the steps to alter the oil of the Mercruiser 5.7:
1. Get the engine warmed up by running for a few minutes.
2. Shut off the engine, and find the drain plug for oil at the bottom of the engine.
3. Place an oil pan underneath the drain plug. Remove the plug to drain the oil.
4. Once the oil has gone down and the drain plug is replaced, you can replace it and tighten it tightly.
5. Find the oil filter on the right side of the engine, and then remove it.
6. Install a brand-new oil filter and secure it.
7. The required amount of engine oil via the hole for filling with oil.
8. Make sure the oil level is correct using the dipstick, and add oil if needed.
9. Start the engine, and let it run for a couple of minutes to let the oil circulate.
10. Shut off the engine and then check the level of oil. If needed, add more oil.
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Conclusion
It is important to note that the Mercruiser 5.7 requires a marine engine of 25W-40 oil. It is essential to use premium oil that meets the specifications of the manufacturer to ensure optimal performance and long-term durability that the engine will last.
Making sure you use the correct oil is vital to the Mercruiser 5.7‘s durability and performance. The engine is built to work with particular oils and additives that ensure proper cooling and lubrication.
Changing the oil in the Mercruiser 5.7 can be a straightforward procedure that is done at home, using only a few tools.
It is essential to adhere to the guidelines of the manufacturer regarding oil viscosity and type for optimal performance and long-term durability for the Mercruiser 5.7.
For more posts visit our website: https://engineoiil-capacity.com/
FAQs – Mercruiser 5.7 Oil Type
Do you need a quick reference for your MerCruiser oil capacity?
Need a quick reference for your Mercruiser oil capacity? PartsVu’s Mercury Mercruiser Engine Oil Capacity Chart specifies the oil capacity for your specific engine and serial number range. Simply select your engine family, then make sure you are reviewing the correct serial number range for the engine you own.
How much horsepower does a Mercruiser have?
MerCruiser 3.0 L – 181 cid 2 x 135 hp 21.0 GPH (79.0 lph) MerCruiser 4.3 L – 262 cid 2 x 190 hp 32.0 GPH (121 lph) MerCruiser 4.3 L – 262 cid 2 x 220 hp 36.0 GPH (136 lph) MerCruiser 5.0 L – 305 cid 2 x 220 hp 36.4 GPH (137 lph) MerCruiser 5.0 L – 305 cid 2 x 260 hp 37.0 GPH (140 lph) 8 more rows …
What kind of oil do you put in a Chevy 53?
There are just two types of engine oils recommended for vehicles with Chevy 5.3 engines. The oils are 5w30 and 0w20. GM Dexos-approved 5w30 oils are the best for your 1999 – 2013 Chevy 5.3 vehicles. However, the 2014 Chevy Suburban 5.3 and Tahoe 5.3 can use 5w30 oils, too.
What is the best oil for a 5 7 Hemi?
The top-rated choice for the best 5.7 Hemi oil is 5W-20 Pennzoil Ultra Platinum Motor Oil. Its compatibility with high-ethanol gasoline sets it apart.
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User:Silvestra
Sticky Parkin
Silvestra's page.
If anyone can help me put something nice here, that'd be wonderful. I never got offered help when I first joined and I'm not sure where to ask!
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WIKI
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In Puerto Rico, pensions' decline pits retirees against lenders
(Reuters) - As Puerto Rico attempts to sort out its tangled financial web, retirees may face bigger cuts than those in past U.S. municipal insolvencies, due in part to an unconventional debt structure that pits pensioners against the very lenders whose money was supposed to sustain them. The U.S. territory is doing all it can to present itself as a reliable place to invest, but resolving the pensions issue will require a careful balance. Benefit structures are widely seen as unsustainable, but draconian cuts to pensioners could deepen the population’s reliance on government subsidies and compound rampant emigration. “Many of our retirees are already under the poverty line,” Puerto Rico Governor Ricardo Rossello told Reuters in an interview this past week, saying any pension cuts would attempt to protect the poorest beneficiaries. “Impacting them would be to cast them out and challenge their livelihood.” The tropical island, struggling with a 45 percent poverty rate and unemployment more than twice the U.S. national average, is working to restructure nearly $70 billion in debt. Public pensions, which owe $45 billion in benefits, are also virtually insolvent after generations of lawmakers ignored growing funding gaps or botched attempts to close them. Now the pensions have almost no cash and a nearly 100 percent funding shortfall that is thought to be the largest ever for comparably-sized U.S. public pensions. Paying pension benefits out of the island’s general fund, on a pay-as-you-go basis, could cost Puerto Rico $1.5 billion a year. A federally-appointed board tasked with managing the territory’s finances has recommended the governor cut 10 percent in annual pension costs, or about $200 million. Rossello is scheduled on Tuesday to present the board with a ten-year blueprint for the island’s fiscal turnaround, which is expected to include the proposed pension cuts. But Puerto Rico’s pensioners will not take deep cuts to benefits lying down. They have formed a negotiating committee, advised by Robert Gordon, an attorney who advised retirees in Detroit’s landmark 2013 bankruptcy, and Hector Mayol, the former administrator of Puerto Rico’s pensions and also a lawyer. But their prospects are dimmer than retirees in Detroit, whose benefit cuts were generally limited to a few percentage points, or the elimination of cost of living adjustments. Puerto Rico’s “unusual circumstances mean that it will not conform exactly” to recent public bankruptcies, in which “judges reduced creditor claims far more than amounts owed to pensioners,” Moody’s Investors Service wrote earlier this month. The sheer size of Puerto Rico’s pension gap is one such unusual circumstance, while the peculiar debt structure that pits some retirees against the pension’s own lenders is another. Puerto Rico’s largest public pension, known as the Employee Retirement System (ERS), covers nearly 100,000 retirees and is slated to run out of cash this year. In addition to paying retiree benefits, ERS is on the hook for $3.1 billion to repay bonds it issued in 2008 - specifically to keep the pension afloat. Pension obligation bonds are traditionally issued by a government with the proceeds going to pensions. But Puerto Rico’s were sold by the ERS itself, and secured by contributions from public employers - a maneuver designed to skirt the need for legislative approval. The pension’s debt service reserves will run out by May, according to Moody’s. With additional employer contributions frozen, default seems likely, setting the stage for an unusual conflict in which retirees and pension bondholders compete over claims to some of the same assets. “This is a significant flashpoint of conflict,” Ted Hampton, an analyst with Moody’s, said in an interview last week. “Retirees were promised certain benefits, and may have no other source of income. But ERS bondholders may be people who bought the bonds to create their own retirement nest egg.” Like retirees, ERS bondholders have also hired lawyers. A group led by hedge funds Claren Road and Altair tapped attorney and bankruptcy guru Bruce Bennett. The group sued the Puerto Rico government last fall over its stoppage of pension contributions, eventually settling on a stipulation to freeze contributions in a trust while debt restructuring talks play out. Both groups are expected to absorb cuts, and the competing claims likely mean smaller recoveries for both sides. The dispute highlights Puerto Rico’s extraordinarily dire financial straits, and is indicative of the island’s penchant for testing borrowing limits in ways that ultimately deepened its hole. The unconventional bonds not only failed to stave off ERS’ insolvency, they added to its liabilities and muddied the path to resolution for retirees. Rossello has said cuts to pensioners outlined in Tuesday’s plan will be targeted, with the biggest cuts hitting those with the cushiest benefits. “The most vulnerable retirees are not going to take a hit,” he said. But such targeted cuts could run into legal challenges from pensioners upset at the prospect of unequal treatment for members of the same pension plan. “There’s no basis by which you could justify that, if a person worked a set number of years and is getting the pension the formula dictated,” said Mayol, one of the lawyers representing the retiree committee. Reporting by Nick Brown, editing by G Crosse
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Philippi was a Roman colony located approximately 10 miles northwest of the seaport of Neopolis. The cities’ population during Paul’s time was about 40,000. Paul would have walked on the Via Egnatia (or Egnatia Way) to Philippi.
The emperor organized areas into colonies. Certain places were selected for Roman citizens (especially retired military people) to live in. This gave them a strong pro-Roman influence in these strategic areas. Philippi had been a Roman colony since 42 BC. The citizens of Philippi were expected to be loyal to Rome even though they were living on foreign soil. They were to obey the laws of Rome and expected to give honor to the Roman emperor. In return for their loyalty they were exempt from taxes and given certain political privileges.
The Forum or marketplace, was an essential part of a Greek city-state. It was a large, open, rectangular space in the central part of a city which acted as a common place of assembly of the people.
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FINEWEB-EDU
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2020 Nur-Sultan Challenger – Doubles
Harri Heliövaara and Illya Marchenko were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title. The tournament was canceled prior to completion due to the coronavirus pandemic.
Seeds
• # 🇮🇳 Purav Raja / 🇮🇳 Ramkumar Ramanathan (first round, withdrew)
• # 🇰🇿 Andrey Golubev / 🇰🇿 Aleksandr Nedovyesov
• # 🇺🇸 James Cerretani / 🇵🇱 Szymon Walków (quarterfinals)
• # Hsieh Cheng-peng / Yang Tsung-hua (withdrew)
• # Jesper de Jong / Robin Haase
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WIKI
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Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 13.djvu/745
SECULARIZATION
677
SECULARIZATION
though at present it may be perfectly true that all men who are Secularists are not Atheists, I put it that in my opinion the logical consequence of the accept- ance of Secularism must be that the man gets to Atheism if he has brains enough to comprehend. . . . You cannot have a scheme of morality without Atheism. The Utilitarian scheme is a defiance of the doctrine of Providence and a protest against God". On the other hand, Holyoakc affirmed that "Secu- larism is not an argument against Christianity, it is one independent of it. It does not question the pre- tensions of Christianity; it advances others. Secu- larism does not say there is no light or guidance else- where, but maintains that there is light and guidance in secular truth, whose conditions and sanctions exist independently, and act forever. Secular knowledge is manifestly that kind of knowledge which is founded in this life, which relates to the conduct of this life, conduces to the welfare of this life, and is capable of being tested by the experience of this hfe" (Charles Bradlaugh, I, 334, 336). But in many passages of his writings, Holyoake goes much further and seeks to disprove Christian truths. To the criticism of theol- ogy. Secularism adds a great concern for culture, so- cial progress, and the improvement of the material con- ditions of life, especially for the working classes. In ethics it is utilitarian, and seeks only the greatest good of the present life, since the existence of a future fife, as well as the existence of God, "belong to the debatable ground of speculation" (English Secular- ism, 37). It tends to substitute "the piety of useful men for the usefulness of piety" (ibid., 8).
II. Criticism. — The fundamental principle of Secularism is that, in his whole conduct, man should be guided exclusively by considerations derived from the present life itself. Anything that is above or be- yond the present life should be entirely overlooked. Whether God exists or not, whether the soul is im- mortal or not, are questions which at best cannot be answered, and on which consequently no motives of action can be based. A fortiori all motives derived from the Christian religion are worthless. "Things Secular are as separate from the Church as land from the ocean" (English Secularism, 1). This principle is in strict opposition to essential Catholic doctrines. The Church is as intent as Secularism on the improve- ment of this life, as respectful of scientific achieve- ments, as eager for the fulfilment of all duties pertain- ing to the present life. But the present life cannot be looked upon as an end in itself, and independent of the future life. The knowledge of the material world leads to the knowledge of the spiritual world, and among the duties of the present life must be reckoned those which arise from the existence and nature of God, the fact of a Divine Revelation, and the neces- sity of preparing for the future life. If God exists, how can Secularism "inculcate the practical suffi- ciency of natural morality? " If "Secularism does not say there is no light or guidance elsewhere", how can it command us to follow exclusively the light and guidance of secular truth? Only the Atheist can be a consistent Secularist.
According as man makes present happiness the only criterion of the value of life, or on the contrary admits the existence of God and the fact of a Divine Revela- tion and of a future life, the whole aspect of the pres- ent life changes. These questions cannot be ignored, for on them depends the right conduct of life and "the development of the moral and intellectual nature of man to the highest possible point". If anything can be known about God and a future life, duties to be ful- filled in the present life are thereby imposed on "all who would regulate life by reason and ennoble it by service". "Considerations purely human" become inadequate, and the "light and guidance" found in secular truth must be referred to and judged from a higher point of view. Hence the present life in itself
cannot be looked upon as the only standard of man's worth. The Church would fail in her Divine mission if she did not insist on the insufficiency of a life con- ducted exclusively along secular lines, and therefore on the falsity of the main assumption of Secu- larism.
Again, the Catholic Church does not admit that rehgion is simply a private affair. God is the author and ruler not only of individuals, but also of societies. Hence the State should not be indifferent to religious matters (see Ethics). How far in practice Church and State should go together depends on a number of circumstances and cannot be determined by any gen- eral rule, but the principle remains true that religion is a social as well as an individual duty.
In practice again, owing to special circumstances, a secular education in the public schools may be the only possible one. At the same time, this is a serious defect which must be supplied otherwise. It is not enough for the child to be taught the various human sciences, he must also be given the knowledge of the necessary means of salvation. The Church cannot renounce her mission to teach the truths she has received from her Divine Founder. Not only as individuals, but also as citizens, all men have the right to perform the religious duties which their conscience dictates. The complete secularization of all public institutions in a Christian nation is therefore inadmissible. Man must not only be learned in human science ; his whole life must be directed to the higher and nobler pursuits of morality and religion, to God Himself. While fully recognizing the value of the present life, the Church cannot look upon it as an end in itself, but only as a movement toward a future life for which preparation must be made by compliance with the laws of nature and the laws of God. Hence there is no possible compromise between the Church and Sec- ularism, since Secularism would stifle in man that which, for the Church, constitutes the highest and truest mo- tives of action, and the noblest human aspirations.
Holyoake, The Principles of Secularism (London, I860) ; Idem, Sixty Years of an Agitator's Life (London, 1892), autobi- ography; Idem, The Origin and Nature of Secularism (London, 1896) ; published simultaneously in America under the title Eng- lish Secularism, A Confession of Belief (Chicago, 1896) ; McCabe, Life and Letters of George Jacob Holyoake (London, 1908) ; Goss, A Descriptive Bibliography of the Writings of George Jacob Holy- oake, with a Brief Sketch of his Life (London, 1908); The Auto- biography of Mr. Bradlaugh (London, s. d.) ; Bonner, Charles Bradlaugh (7th ed., London, 1908); Funt. Anti-Theistic Theories (5th ed., Edinburgh, 1894).
C. A. DUBRAY.
Secularization (Lat. scecularizatio), an authoriza- tion given to rehgious with solemn vows and by ex- tension to those with simple vows to live for a time or permanently in the "world" (sseculum), i. e., outside the cloister and their order, while maintaining the essence of religious profession. It is a measure of kindness towards the religious and is therefore to be distinguished from the "expulsion" of religious with solemn vows, and the "dismissal" of religious with simple vows, which are penal measures towards guilty subjects. On the other hand, as secularization does not annul the religious character, it is distinct from absolute dispensation from vows; this likewise is a lenient measure, but it annuls the vows and their obligation, and the one dispensed is no longer a reli- gious. As a general rule dispensation is the measure taken in the case of religious with simple vows while secularization is employed where there are solemn vows. Nevertheless there are exceptions in both cases. Sometimes lav religious with solemn vows or lay sisters are wholly dispensed from their vows, religious life in the world being very difficult for lay persons; in other instances religious men or women with simple vows are authorized at least for a time to lay aside their habit and live outside their houses, at the same time observing their vows; such is the case for instance with the rehgious men and women in
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WIKI
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How did France handle the Black plague?
In Avignon, the pope arranged religious processions to dampen the wrath of God, as the plague was interpreted by the church as the punishment of God for the sins of humanity. The pope was advised by his physician Gui de Chauliac to hide from the plague in Étoile-sur-Rône, where he survived the outbreak.
Who was the leader during the Black Death?
Edward III was 14 when he was crowned King and assumed government in his own right in 1330.
What did the king order to happen in 1349?
To curb the rise in wages, the king and parliament responded with the Ordinance of Labourers in 1349, followed by the Statute of Labourers in 1351. These attempts to regulate wages could not succeed in the long run, but in the short term they were enforced with great vigour.
When was the last case of plague in UK?
There has been little bubonic plague in recent times; the last big outbreak was in 1896 and spared England.
Did people survive the Black plague?
In the first outbreak, two thirds of the population contracted the illness and most patients died; in the next, half the population became ill but only some died; by the third, a tenth were affected and many survived; while by the fourth occurrence, only one in twenty people were sickened and most of them survived.
How long did the plague last in France?
The Great Plague of Marseille was the last major outbreak of bubonic plague in western Europe. Arriving in Marseille, France in 1720, the disease killed a total of 100,000 people: 50,000 in the city during the next two years and another 50,000 to the north in surrounding provinces and towns.
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FINEWEB-EDU
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Talk:Zoological Society of London
Caroline the Arabian Oryx
On the ZSL website it states that the arabian oryx sent to Phoenix was part of the first international breeding programme: http://www.zsl.org/info/about-us/zsls-history,129,AR.html. Is this incorrect then, since it has now been removed from this article. C hris_huh talk 10:36, 19 August 2008 (UTC)
* Yes, that is incorrect on the ZSL website: somewhat embarrassingly, IMHO, since their own publication (International Zoo Yearbook: vol 4, pp. 63-65) in the same year (1962) has an article detailing pre-existing *formal* international breeding programmes for Père David's Deer and the European Bison dating back many years before that. What context ZSL means by "the first international co-operative breeding programme" on their website timeline is unclear to me, anyhow: if that was just relating to Arabian Oryx, it would have said so more clearly I'd've thought. Regards, David. Harami2000 (talk) 03:48, 29 August 2008 (UTC)
Awards
The awards section of the ZSL is here. Could be worth seeing if any of those lists are particularly notable or involve notable people. Frink Medal already exists. I will add to this article and update the list. Carcharoth (talk) 01:23, 11 May 2009 (UTC) Updated: 02:44, 12 May 2009 (UTC)
Presidents and Secretaries
Have expanded the articles with lists of the Presidents and Secretaries of the Society. Carcharoth (talk) 23:40, 13 May 2009 (UTC)
* FYI, someone has made a daughter page for Silver Medal (Zoological Society of London)....but...perhaps interested folks could figure out how we go from here.Casliber (talk · contribs) 13:09, 29 May 2011 (UTC)
External links modified
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I have just modified 1 one external link on Zoological Society of London. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
* Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20090614054711/http://www.zsl.org:80/info/media/press-releases/1555,1555,PR.html to http://www.zsl.org/info/media/press-releases/1555,1555,PR.html
Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot (Report bug) 00:21, 21 July 2016 (UTC)
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WIKI
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Wikipedia:Featured list candidates/Scotland national football team 1872–1914 results/archive1
* The following is an archived discussion of a featured list nomination. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the article's talk page or in Wikipedia talk:Featured list candidates. No further edits should be made to this page.
The list was promoted by Dabomb87 22:25, 14 March 2011.
Scotland national football team 1872–1914 results
* Nominator(s): ChrisTheDude (talk) 21:19, 27 February 2011 (UTC)
Based on the format of existing FL List of Montserrat national football team results, I hope that this historical list meets the requirements. All the best everyone :-) -- ChrisTheDude (talk) 21:19, 27 February 2011 (UTC)
* Quick question, any reason for the cut-off at 1899? Are you planning (suggesting?) a 1900 to 1949 list, a 1950 to 1999 list, a 2000 onwards list or something else? I only asked because I'm sure someone else will, in due course...! The Rambling Man (talk) 21:22, 27 February 2011 (UTC)
* See Scotland national football team results, many of these lists already exist, though none until now have graced FL's door. Courcelles 21:25, 27 February 2011 (UTC)
* I found that afterwards. Seems a little odd on the current split (for me) I suppose. The next 1900-1919 list has just 36 games in and stops in 1914 because of the First World War. Consider the fact we have some Medal of Honor lists or Knights Cross lists (or Prem League hat-tricks...!) with well over 100 entries. I guess it's fine, I just wondered if we really needed so many lists... The Rambling Man (talk) 21:28, 27 February 2011 (UTC)
* I'm quite happy/prepared to merge this one with the 1900-1919 list if it's deemed necessary. That would give a list with just over 100 entries, which seems to be about as many as we'd want to have on one list, and encompass all pre-WW1 matches, which seems a natural split. To clarify, I didn't create any of these articles, so I can't say on what basis the split was originally worked out..... -- ChrisTheDude (talk) 21:32, 27 February 2011 (UTC)
* No problem, I understand. Let's see how it goes. The Rambling Man (talk) 22:07, 27 February 2011 (UTC)
Comments:
Nergaal (talk) 17:41, 2 March 2011 (UTC)
* much better now that it is merged
* lead should talk about some of the huge attendances (five games had over 100k spectators!)
* Done -- ChrisTheDude (talk) 18:25, 2 March 2011 (UTC)
* since essentially most of these games were played in the British championship, there should be a table with the statistics on the placing Scotland got in these editions (how many times it finished 1st, 1-2, 2nd, 1-3, 2-3, 4th, etc.
* Done -- ChrisTheDude (talk) 18:32, 2 March 2011 (UTC)
* I still think the article should clearly point out that Scotland was the best rated team then (officially or not, it WAS)
* My point, though, is that at the time Scotland was not rated the best team in the world, because the ratings did not exist and such things simply were not discussed back then. Only well over 100 years later did someone decide that they had been the best rated team in this era. I'll see what other people think, but personally I don't believe it belongs in the article....... -- ChrisTheDude (talk) 18:22, 2 March 2011 (UTC)
* Ah, sod it, I'll put it in -- ChrisTheDude (talk) 18:36, 2 March 2011 (UTC)
* I am leaning towards support. Nergaal (talk) 04:56, 4 March 2011 (UTC)
* Support – Read through the list and spotted no problems. Giants2008 ( 27 and counting ) 23:24, 6 March 2011 (UTC)
* Support I made one small fix as I read, but this is in good shape. Courcelles 12:16, 11 March 2011 (UTC)
* Support all good. The Rambling Man (talk) 18:48, 12 March 2011 (UTC)
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WIKI
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How To Calculate Your BMR
One of the first steps to an effective weight loss plan is knowing how to calculate your BMR. You may be asking, “What the heck is BMR and what does it have to do with weight loss anyway?” BMR stands for Basal Metabolic Rate. Your basal metabolic rate, or BMR, is the minimum number of calories per day a body requires just to maintain normal body functions not including daily activity. This is the number of calories needed to maintain your current weight if you did nothing but lay in bed 24 hours a day.
The most well known way to calculate your BMR is the Harris Benedict equation. This formula accounts for the factors of height, weight, age, and sex to calculate your basal metabolic rate (BMR). This calculation is more accurate Age calculator than determining calorie needs based only on total bodyweight. However, the Harris Benedict equation does not take lean body mass into consideration. Calculations will be accurate in all but the extremely muscular and the extremely obese.
Here is the formula for men: BMR = 66 + (13.7 X wt in kg) + (5 X ht in cm) – (6.8 X age in years) Here is the formula for women: BMR = 655 + (9.6 X wt in kg) + (1.8 X ht in cm) – (4.7 X age in years) Please keep in mind when calculating your BMR that 1 inch is equal to 2.54 cm and 1kg is equal to 2.2lbs. Using the metric equivalents are necessary to arrive at the right total calculation.
Now that you know how to calculate your BMR, you might be wondering how to use this information. Never allow your daily calorie intake to drop below your BMR calculation. If your daily calorie intake drops below your calculated BMR, you body will think it’s starving and slow your metabolism to conserve body fat. This is not the desired effect if you want to lose weight!
Now let’s calculate the number of calories your need to support your daily activities. Simply multiply your calculated BMR by 1.2 if you don’t exercise at all, 1.375 if you exercise lightly 1 to 3 times per week, 1.55 if you exercise moderately 3 to 5 times per week, 1.725 if you exercise hard 6 to 7 times per week, or 1.9 if you have a physically demanding job and exercise every day or are training for a sports competition such as a marathon.
Once you have the total number of calories you need for your daily activities, you can calculate the maximum number of calories you need to lose weight. All you need to do is subtract 500 from the total number of calories needed to support daily activities. You now have the calorie range for weight loss that is tailored just for you. You may adjust your calorie level to increase or decrease the rate of your results as long as you do not go below your BMR. Learning how to calculate your BMR can go a long way in helping your achieve the weight loss results you desire.
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Banner of Everything You Need to Know About Lucky Patcher: A Comprehensive Guide
How to Modify Android Apps with Lucky Patcher: Step-by-Step Guide
Category: Mobile Technology
Date: April 2023
Views: 539
1. Introduction to Lucky Patcher and the problem of ads in Android apps
Lucky Patcher is a popular Android app that allows users to modify other apps installed on their device. With Lucky Patcher, users can remove ads, change permissions, and even modify in-app purchase features.
Many Android apps come with annoying ads that can disrupt your experience and drain your device's battery life. Fortunately, Lucky Patcher provides a solution to this problem by allowing users to remove these ads.
By using Lucky Patcher, users can not only remove ads but also gain more control over their Android device. They can modify apps to remove unwanted features, change app permissions, and even bypass license verification processes.
In this article, we will provide a comprehensive guide on how to use Lucky Patcher to remove ads from apps on your Android device. We will also cover other features of Lucky Patcher and discuss important legal considerations and compatibility issues.
2. Benefits of using Lucky Patcher to remove ads from apps on your Android device
By using Lucky Patcher to remove ads from apps on your Android device, you can experience a variety of benefits:
• Improved User Experience: Ads can be annoying and disruptive, interrupting your use of an app and sometimes even leading to accidental clicks. By removing ads with Lucky Patcher, you can enjoy a smoother and more uninterrupted user experience.
• Reduced Data Usage: Ads often require an internet connection to load, which can consume a significant amount of data. By removing ads, you can reduce your data usage and potentially save money on your mobile data plan.
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Overall, using Lucky Patcher to remove ads from apps on your Android device can lead to a more enjoyable, efficient, and customizable user experience.
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To use Lucky Patcher to remove ads from your Android apps, you first need to understand how the app works and how to download and install it on your device. Here are the steps to get started:
• Download Lucky Patcher: Lucky Patcher is not available on the Google Play Store, so you will need to download it from a third-party source. Go to the Lucky Patcher website or another reputable source to download the APK file.
• Enable "Unknown sources": Before you can install Lucky Patcher, you need to enable "Unknown sources" in your device's security settings. This allows you to install apps from sources other than the Google Play Store.
• Install Lucky Patcher: Once you have downloaded the APK file and enabled "Unknown sources," open the file and follow the instructions to install Lucky Patcher on your device.
• Grant root access (optional): To fully utilize all of the features of Lucky Patcher, you may need to gain root access on your device. This allows you to make deeper system-level modifications. However, rooting your device can also void your warranty and may make your device more vulnerable to security threats.
• Backup your apps: Before making any modifications to your apps using Lucky Patcher, it's important to create a backup of the original app. This can be done within Lucky Patcher or by using a third-party backup tool.
• Update Lucky Patcher regularly: The developers of Lucky Patcher release updates frequently to fix bugs and add new features. Be sure to update the app regularly to ensure that it works correctly and to take advantage of any new features.
4. Root access and the importance of backing up your apps before modification
Before diving into the world of app modification using Lucky Patcher, it's important to understand the concept of "root access." Root access refers to the ability to access and modify the root directory of your Android device, which allows for deeper system-level modifications that are not possible with standard user-level access. you can check this article: How to Root Your Android Phone Safely and Securely for more about rooting Android phones
To gain root access on your Android device, you will need to "root" it using specialized software. However, be aware that rooting your device may void its warranty and potentially cause stability or security issues. Therefore, it's important to do your research and proceed with caution before attempting to gain root access.
Once you have root access on your device, you can use Lucky Patcher to make modifications to apps, including removing ads. However, it's important to back up your apps before making any modifications, in case something goes wrong during the process. Lucky Patcher allows you to create backups of your apps before modifying them, which can be a lifesaver if something goes wrong.
To create a backup of an app using Lucky Patcher, simply select the app from the list of installed apps and choose "Create Modified APK File." This will create a backup of the original app that can be restored later if needed.
In summary, gaining root access on your Android device can allow for deeper modifications using Lucky Patcher, but it's important to do your research and proceed with caution. Always back up your apps before making any modifications to avoid losing important data.
5. Using Lucky Patcher to remove ads from apps, including custom patches and in-app purchase modifications
Now that you have installed Lucky Patcher and made sure your device has root access and a backup of the app you want to modify, it's time to remove those pesky ads!. you can also check this article: How to Stop Ads and Notifications from Ruining Your Android Phone about the best practices to handle notifications and ads in you Android phone
• Open Lucky Patcher and select the app you want to modify from the list of installed apps.
• Tap on "Open menu of patches" and select "Remove Google Ads" or "Remove All Ads" depending on your preference.
• Next, select "Support patch for InApp and LVL emulation" and then select "Apply" to start the patching process.
• Wait for the process to complete and then launch the app to confirm that the ads have been removed.
If the above method doesn't work, you can try using custom patches to remove ads. Lucky Patcher provides pre-made custom patches for many popular apps that can be applied with just a few clicks. Here's how:
• Open Lucky Patcher and select the app you want to modify from the list of installed apps.
• Tap on "Open menu of patches" and select "Custom patch."
• If there is a pre-made patch available for your app, select it from the list and then select "Apply."
• Wait for the process to complete and then launch the app to confirm that the ads have been removed.
It's worth noting that not all apps are compatible with Lucky Patcher, and some may not work even if they are compatible. Additionally, modifying apps in this way may violate the terms of service for some apps or app stores, so use caution and consider the potential legal issues before proceeding.
6. Other features of Lucky Patcher
Aside from removing ads and modifying in-app purchases, Lucky Patcher also offers several other useful features for Android users:
• Removing app permissions: Lucky Patcher can remove certain permissions that are required by apps to function properly. This can help increase privacy and security on your device.
• License verification: Some apps require verification that they have been legitimately purchased before they can be used. Lucky Patcher can bypass this verification process in some cases, allowing you to use paid apps for free.
• Custom patches: In addition to pre-made patches, Lucky Patcher also allows you to create your own custom patches for specific apps.
• Backup and restore: Before making any modifications to an app using Lucky Patcher, it's important to create a backup of the original app. Lucky Patcher makes it easy to backup and restore your apps in case something goes wrong during the modification process.
It's important to note that not all features may be available or compatible with all apps or Android devices. Always check compatibility and read instructions carefully before using any feature in Lucky Patcher.
7. Compatibility and Legal Considerations When Using Lucky Patcher
When using Lucky Patcher, it's important to be aware of compatibility issues and potential legal considerations. Here are some things to keep in mind:
Compatibility: Lucky Patcher may not work on all Android devices or with all apps. It's important to check compatibility before attempting to use it. Some apps may also have built-in protections against modification, which may prevent Lucky Patcher from working on them.
Legal issues: Modifying apps using Lucky Patcher may be against the terms of service for some apps or app stores. This could potentially lead to consequences such as account suspension or legal action. It's important to be aware of any potential legal issues before making modifications using Lucky Patcher.
While Lucky Patcher can be a useful tool for removing ads and making other modifications to apps, it's important to use it responsibly and in accordance with any applicable laws and regulations.
8. Conclusion
In conclusion, Lucky Patcher is a powerful app that can help Android users modify other apps on their device to remove ads or add other features. While it can be a useful tool, it's important to use caution and be aware of potential legal issues when making modifications. Additionally, not all apps may be compatible with Lucky Patcher, and gaining root access on your device may be necessary for full functionality. By understanding these factors and using Lucky Patcher responsibly, Android users can take more control over their device and enhance their app experience.
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Conference USA Men's Basketball Player of the Year
The Conference USA Men's Basketball Player of the Year is an award given to Conference USA's (CUSA) most outstanding player. The award was first given following CUSA's inaugural 1995–96 season. Two players have received the award multiple times: Danny Fortson (1996, 1997) and Steve Logan (2001, 2002). Coincidentally, both players attended the University of Cincinnati. Another Bearcat, Kenyon Martin, won the CUSA Player of the Year award the same season he was selected as the consensus national player of the year (2000).
Cincinnati and Memphis have the most awards, with five each; Memphis has the most individual winners, with all of its awards having been won by different players. However, neither school is currently a member of the conference. Due to CUSA having lost many members in all three of the major conference realignment cycles of the 21st century (2005, early 2010s, and early 2020s), only four of the nine current member schools have had a winner, with only Louisiana Tech and Middle Tennessee having had more than one. Kennesaw State will play its first CUSA season in 2024–25.
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Millsap sparks Hawks fightback against Boston
(The Sports Xchange) - In an intense game with major playoff-seeding implications, the Atlanta Hawks were down 12 to the visiting Boston Celtics in the third quarter. That’s when Paul Millsap took over. Millsap scored 31 points, grabbed 16 rebounds and sparked a furious second-half Atlanta rally to lead the Hawks to a 118-107 victory over the Celtics in the regular-season home finale at Philips Arena. With two games remaining, the Hawks (48-32) have a one-game lead on the Celtics (47-33) for the third seed and 1-1/2 game lead over the Miami Heat and Charlotte Hornets. Atlanta finishes the regular season on the road, starting Monday at Cleveland and concluding Wednesday in Washington. Boston wraps up the regular season at home against the Hornets on Monday and the Heat on Wednesday. The Hawks won three of four against the Celtics and own the tiebreaker should they finish with the same record. The Celtics led 71-67 in a high-scoring, back-and-forth first half that featured nine lead changes. Both teams hit 10 3-pointers in the first half and combined to shoot 56.9 percent from the floor overall. Atlanta point guard Jeff Teague had 16 in the first half. Marcus Smart came off the bench to score 14 in the first half, including four 3-pointers. Boston’s lead grew to 12 in the third quarter, before a 3-pointer by Kyle Korver - his first of the game — was part of an 8-0 run for the Hawks. Millsap’s 3-pointer capped the spurt that trimmed the Boston lead to 87-83 with four minutes left in the quarter. Minutes later, Millsap banked in a straight-on 3-pointer and hit a layup in the final 45 seconds of the quarter to give the Hawks a 93-91 lead heading into the fourth quarter. Millsap had 13 in the third quarter. Smart scored 19 points off the bench to lead six Celtics in double figures. Isaiah Thomas and Jae Crowder each finished with 16 points. Teague added 24 points, including a big three-point play that put the Hawks up seven with three minutes to play. Kent Bazemore returned to the starting lineup after missing a game with a sore knee to score 21 points for Atlanta, which has won 12 of 15.
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Democratic Forum for Modernity
The Democratic Forum for Modernity (Forum Démocratique pour la Modernité, FODEM) is a political party in the Central African Republic.
History
The party was founded by Charles Massi on 27 November 1997 and legally recognized on 4 May 1998. In the 1998 parliamentary elections it won two seats in the National Assembly. Massi was the party's candidate for the 1999 presidential elections, finishing eighth out of ten candidates with 1.3% of the vote.
In the first round of the presidential elections held on 13 March 2005, Massi won 3.2% of the vote. He backed François Bozizé in the second round and became a Minister of State in the government after the elections. In the simultaneous National Assembly elections, the party was reduced to a single seat.
After Massi was appointed as Political Coordinator of the Union of Democratic Forces for the Rally (UFDR) rebel group, FODEM rejected this move and expelled Massi from the party; it established a provisional political bureau on 22 May 2008 with Joseph Garba Ouangolé as President.
In 2010, FODEM joined the Presidential Majority alliance in preparation for the 2011 general elections. The party nominated six candidates for the 105 seats in the National Assembly, and although the alliance won 11 seats, FODEM failed to win a seat.
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City of Norwich School
The City of Norwich School, more commonly known as CNS, is a coeducational secondary school and sixth form with academy status in Norwich, England.
History
In 1910, the Education Committee decided to merge the King Edward VI Middle School in Norwich with the Municipal and Presbyterian Schools for boys to create the new City of Norwich School, a boys' grammar school, which was to be built at Eaton.
Grammar school
It had around 950 boys in 1960, and around 850 in 1969 when administered by the Norwich Education Committee.
Comprehensive
It became a comprehensive in 1970 at which point its name changed to Eaton (City of Norwich) School and co-educational in 1971. Three female sixth-formers were admitted in 1972 (Hazel, Marian and Mary.) The school was refurbished in 2007. The Arc is a new building, as is the Skinner Centre.
Academy
Previously a community school administered by Norfolk County Council, City of Norwich School converted to academy status on 1 September 2014 and is now sponsored by Ormiston Academies Trust. However the school continues to co-ordinate with Norfolk County Council for admissions.
Admissions
It has over 1,500 pupils and currently employs over 190 staff. As well as being a secondary comprehensive school the school also has a sixth form, in partnership with the smaller Hethersett High School, with 791 pupils.
It is situated just west of the A146 ring road (former A47), with the A11 to the north and the A140 to the south. Eaton Golf Club is next door to the south-west.
House system
The pupils from Years 7 to 11 at CNS are split into five houses named after notable coastal villages in Norfolk: Blakeney, Holkham, Kelling, Thornham and Winterton. Their house colours are Blue, Purple, Green, Yellow and Red respectively. Pupils in Year 12 and 13 are not categorised into houses and instead belong as a singular community known as CNS Sixth Form.
Charities Week
CNS Charities Week is a week usually the last school week before Christmas where the pupils and members of staff attempt to raise as much money as possible for a charity of the school's choice. The week involves antics such as Total Wipeout, The X Factor, a teacher auction and CNS Got Talent.
Notable former pupils
* Rebecca Grinter, academic
* Robert Green, footballer
* Adrian Ramsay, Co-leader of the Green Party of England and Wales
* Neil Shephard, FBA, Frank B. Baird Jr., Professor of Science, Professor of Economics and Professor of Statistics, Harvard University. Head of Department of Statistics, Harvard University.
* Peter Trudgill, linguist
City of Norwich School (boys' grammar school)
* Michael Andrews (artist)
* Sir Kenneth Blaxter, Director from 1965 to 1982 of the Rowett Research Institute, President from 1970 to 1971 of the British Society of Animal Production, from 1974 to 1975 of The Nutrition Society and from 1986 to 1988 of the Institute of Biology
* Jack Boddy MBE, general secretary from 1978 to 1982 of the National Union of Agricultural and Allied Workers
* Arthur Roy Clapham CBE, Professor of Botany from 1944 to 1969 at the University of Sheffield, President from 1967 to 1970 of the Linnean Society of London
* Christopher Dainty, Professor of Applied Physics since 2002 at the National University of Ireland, Galway, President from 1990 to 1993 of the International Commission for Optics and from 2002 to 2004 of the European Optical Society
* Melvyn Greaves, Professor of Cell Biology at the Institute of Cancer Research, and expert on haematological malignancy
* David Holbrook, writer, poet and academic
* Alan Howard, Wilkins Fellow of Downing College, Cambridge and inventor of the Cambridge diet
* Edmund Lawson, barrister
* Cecil Alec Mace, Professor of Psychology from 1944 to 1961 at Birkbeck College, and President from 1952 to 1953 of the British Psychological Society
* Bernard Matthews CBE, food executive
* Bernard Meadows, Professor of Sculpture from 1960 to 1980 at the Royal College of Art
* Adrian Newland, Professor of Haematology since 1992 at Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, President from 1998 to 1999 of the British Society for Haematology
* Peter Oakley, pensioner from Bakewell, Derbyshire, England; better known by his pseudonym geriatric1927 on YouTube
* Thomas Piercy, clarinetist
* George Plunkett (1913–2006), photographer
* Malcolm Quantrill, Distinguished Professor of Architecture from 1986 to 2007 at Texas A&M University
* Tony Sheridan musician
* Jeremy C. Smith (scientist), Governor's Chair for Biophysics, University of Tennessee, since 2006
* Steve Smith (academic), Vice Chancellor, University of Exeter
* Very Rev John Southgate, Dean of York from 1984 to 1994
* Graeme K Talboys, writer – attended the school for the first two years of his secondary education
* Robert H. Thouless, President from 1949 to 1950 of the British Psychological Society who wrote Straight and Crooked Thinking in 1930
* Prof Peter Trudgill, academic and author, Professor of English Linguistics from 1998 to 2005 at the University of Fribourg (Switzerland)
* George Willis, Labour MP from 1945 to 1950 for Edinburgh North, and from 1954 to 1970 for Edinburgh East
King Edward VI Middle School
* Louis Martin, Professor of Technical Optics from 1943 to 1951 at Imperial College London
* Sir Graham Savage CB, architect of the comprehensive school system
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Allobates insperatus
Allobates insperatus is a species of frog in the family Aromobatidae. It is endemic to Amazonian slopes of eastern Ecuador; its range, however, extends to near the Colombian border and it may occur in that country too. It inhabits leaf-litter in forest. It breeds in bracts of palms on the ground and other small, ephemeral pools. Its habitat is threatened by agriculture, logging, and oil exploration.
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Saturday, April 26, 2008
Using awk to extract lines in a text file
awk is not an obvious choice as a tool for strictly extracting rows from a text file. It is better known for its column/field manipulation capabilities in a text file. More obvious choices are sed, and perl. You can see how sed does it in my earlier entry.
If you opt for awk, you can use its NR variable which contains the number of input records so far.
Suppose the text file is somefile:
$ cat > somefile.txt
Line 1
Line 2
Line 3
Line 4
To print a single line number, say line 2:
$ awk 'NR==2' somefile.txt
Line 2
If the text file is huge, you can cheat by exiting the program on the first match. Note that this hack will not work if multiple lines are being extracted.
$ awk 'NR==2 {print;exit}' somefile.txt
Line 2
To extract a section of the text file, say lines 2 to 3:
awk 'NR==2,NR==3' somefile.txt
Line 2
Line 3
A more interesting task is to extract every nth line from a text file. I showed previously how to do it using sed and perl.
Using awk, to print every second line counting from line 0 (first printed line is line 2):
$ awk '0 == NR % 2' somefile.txt
Line 2
Line 4
To print every second line counting from line 1 (first printed line is 1):
$ awk '0 == (NR + 1) % 2' somefile.txt
Line 1
Line 3
% is the mod (i.e. remainder) operator.
9 comments:
Unknown said...
I'm having trouble using the print every nth command inside an actual script, basically I'm using awk to split a long string of characters into having each be its own line using the split "" command, then I wanna pull out every 1001-1003 character, any suggestions?
sgruenwald said...
want to pull a number of lines from a long file using a specific formula
n (number of iterations in a loop)
a (offset number)
b (stretch factor)
example with n {1..100}
for (( n=1; n<101; n++ )); do awk -v n=$n 'NR==a+(b*n)' a=0 b=1 inputfile >>outputfile
Akhil said...
Nice Article.
Some examples on Find Command and Awk Command
marwa said...
is it possible to make NR equal variable I entered before ?!!
like this example :
awk -F: '{if(NR==$no) {print $0}}' /etc/passwd
it is right or not : NR==$no
Alexandrescu Sergiu said...
@marwa: no, this is a correct example:
COUNT=1;
for i in `nvram show | grep traff- | cut -f1 -d=""`;
do
NEW=` nvram show | grep traff- | awk 'NR == a {print}' a=$COUNT`
echo $NEW
done
Anonymous said...
What if you would like only the first word from a line (or for the same matter the second word). Words are separated by single space.
Anonymous said...
Much appreciated, especially for a Linux newbie! Glad I found this blog :-)
Josh said...
Thanks!
thota said...
file.txt
line1
line2
line3
i need to assign each line to a variable like
a=line1
b=line2
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Abagrotis magnicupida
Abagrotis magnicupida, the one-dotted dart, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by J. Donald Lafontaine in 1998. It is found from southern Massachusetts west to Illinois, eastern Missouri and central Nebraska, south to North Carolina, Tennessee, northern Mississippi and eastern Texas.
The wingspan is about 40 mm. Adults are on wing in September. There is one generation per year.
The larvae are general feeders on both herbaceous and (in spring) woody plants. Larvae have been reared on Prunus virginiana.
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Czech Republic women's national basketball team
The Czech Republic women's national basketball team represents the Czech Republic in international women's basketball. Their biggest success so far is the gold medal at the EuroBasket 2005. Czech Republic are one of the newest national basketball teams in the world, having split from the Czechoslovakia women's national basketball team after the dissolution of the unified state in 1993, with both countries continuing as the successor of the Czechoslovak team.
Competition record
{|
* valign=top width=0%|
FIBA Women's World Cup
* valign=top width=0%|
EuroBasket Women
* }
Current roster
Roster for the EuroBasket Women 2023.
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Talk:亽
Gugyeol
kwukyel is not the meaning, but the script. I doubt this should be called “hanja”. Same for 丷. Dustsucker 07:23, 1 June 2006 (UTC)
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Barthélemy-Christophe Fagan
Barthélemy-Christophe Fagan, also known under the pen name Fagan de Lugny, (31 March 1702 – 28 April 1755 ) was an 18th-century French playwright.
Biography
His father, William Fagan, was a descendant of Irish refugees in France at the time of religious persecution. The King's secretary and controller of the Chancellery and the Wars, he was ruined by the bankruptcy of the and had to later settle for a more modest employment at the office of consignment at the Parlement of Paris, where he won a position for his son who had married at the age of 20 a much older widow than him. He took a liking to theater and wrote some thirty plays presented mostly at Théâtre de la foire, Théâtre-Italien and Théâtre-Français. He died of dropsy at age 53.
Works
* Theatre
* 1731: La Fausse Ridicule, opéra comique in 1 act and in prose, with Charles-François Panard, Paris, Théâtre-Français, 12 February
* 1733: Le Rendez-vous, ou l'Amour supposé, one-act comedy, in verse, Paris, Théâtre-Français, 27 May Text online
* 1734: La Grondeuse, comedy in 1 act and in prose, Paris, Théâtre-Français, 11 February
* 1734: La Pupille, comedy in 1 act and in prose, Paris, Théâtre-Français, 5 July
* 1735: L'Amitié rivale, fice-act comedy in verse, Paris, Théâtre-Français, 16 November Text online
* 1737: Les Originaux, comedy in 1 act and in prose, Paris, Théâtre-Français, 15 July
* 1737: L'Inquiet, comedy in 1 act and in prose, Paris, Théâtre-Français, 15 July
* 1737: Les Caractères de Thalie, three-act comedy with a prologue and a divertissement, Paris, Théâtre-Français, 18 July
* 1737: L'Étourderie, comedy in 1 act and in prose, Paris, Théâtre-Français, 18 July
* 1737: Les Originaux, comedy in 1 act and in prose, Paris, Théâtre-Français, 18 July
* 1739: Le Marié sans le savoir, comedy in 1 act and in prose, Paris, Théâtre-Français, December
* 1740: La Servante justifiée, opéra comique in 1 act and in prose, with Charles-Simon Favart, Paris, Théâtre de l'Opéra-comique, 19 March
* 1740: La Jalousie imprévue, comedy in 1 act and in prose, Théâtre-Italien de Paris, 16 July
* 1740: Joconde, comedy in 1 act and in prose, Paris, Théâtre-Français, 5 November
* 1743: L'Isle des talents, comedy in 1 act and in verse, Théâtre-Italien de Paris, 19 March
* 1744: L'Heureux Retour, comedy in 1 act and in verse, avec Charles-François Panard, Paris, Théâtre-Français, 6 November
* 1745: L'Amante travestie, comedy in 1 act and in verse, Paris, Hôtel de Bourgogne, 13 May
* 1748: La Fermière, three-act comed, in verse, with divertissements and 1 prologue, Théâtre-Italien de Paris, 18 January
* 1753: Les Almanachs, comedy in 1 act and in prose, Paris, Hôtel de Bourgogne, 7 January
* 1760: Théâtre de M. Fagan et autres œuvres du même auteur, 4 vol. Text online : 1 - Théâtre-Français (a) 2 - Théâtre-Français (b) 3 - Théâtre-Italien 4 - Théâtre de la foire
* Varia
* 1751: Nouvelles observations au sujet des condamnations prononcées contre les comédiens
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Clippings: Trim that lavender | Kids' stuff | Plant of the week | Life and style | The Guardian
Lia Leendertz Fri 20 Jul 2007 19.16 EDTFirst published on Fri 20 Jul 2007 19.16 EDT Trim that lavender Lavenders need a trim round about this time of year, to remove fading flowers and encourage a bushy habit. A light prune all over encourages them to sprout from below, so it's best to do it while they still have the rest of the summer to put on new growth. Short-lived lavenders (in fact, any silver-leaved plants) will die if cut back hard into old wood, and will also soon look daft if left to get leggy, so a light prune little and often is the only way to keep them going with dignity for a decent length of time. Kids' stuff To nurture your little darlings' green-fingered tendencies this summer, enlist them in the Wild Bunch at the National Botanic Garden of Wales. Members can enter the 500-acre garden free of charge, and once there youngsters can learn how to grow their own plants, go pond dipping and take part in treasure hunts and quiz trails. A year's membership for six- to 13-year-olds costs £15. To apply, call 01558 668768 or email info@gardenofwales.org.uk. Plant of the week Banana plants instantly transport any garden to the tropics. Musa 'Tandarra Red' has large, waxy, green leaves with purple-red leaf margins. It can be covered in a thick straw mulch and left in the border in winter or, better still, dug up and moved to a frost-free spot. Readers can order one plant for £10.95, or three for £24.85 (prices include UK p&p). To order, call 0870 836 0908, quoting reference GUPW93. Plants are supplied in a one-litre pot. Delivery within 28 days.
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Original Paper
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
, Volume 68, Issue 7, pp 1145-1150
First online:
Foraging bumblebees do not rate social information above personal experience
• Ellouise LeadbeaterAffiliated withInstitute of Zoology, Zoological Society of LondonSchool of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London Email author
• , Claire FlorentAffiliated withInstitute of Zoology, Zoological Society of LondonSchool of Life and Medical Sciences, University College London
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Abstract
Foraging animals can acquire new information about food sources either individually or socially, but they can also opt to rely on information that they have already acquired, termed “personal information”. Although social information can provide an adaptive shortcut to new resources, recent theory predicts that investing too much time in acquiring new information can be detrimental. Here, we investigate whether foraging bumblebees (Bombus terrestris) strategically prioritize personal information unless there is evidence of environmental change. All bees in our study had personal information that one species of artificial flower was rewarding, and bees in the scent group then experienced social information about an alternative-scented species inside the nest, while a control group did not. On their next foraging bout, bees in both groups overwhelmingly used personal information when deciding where to forage. When bees subsequently learnt that the rewards offered by their preferred species had dwindled, bees that had social information were no quicker to abandon their personal information than control bees, but once they had sampled the alternative flowers, they showed greater commitment to that species than control bees. Thus, we found no evidence that social information is particularly important when personal information fails to produce rewards (a “copy when established behaviour is unproductive” strategy). Instead, bees used social information specifically to complement personal information.
Keywords
Social information use Social learning strategies Bumblebees
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Eric Johnston
Eric Allen Johnston (December 21, 1896 – August 22, 1963) was a business owner, president of the United States Chamber of Commerce, a Republican Party activist, president of the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA), and a U.S. government special projects administrator and envoy for both Democratic and Republican administrations. As president of the MPAA, he abbreviated the organization's name, convened the closed-door meeting of motion picture company executives at New York City's Waldorf-Astoria Hotel that led to Waldorf Statement in 1947 and the Hollywood blacklist (including firing of the Hollywood Ten), and discreetly liberalized the Motion Picture Production Code. He served as president of the MPAA until his death in 1963.
Background
An Episcopalian, Johnston was born "Eric Johnson" in Washington, D.C. His father, a pharmacist, moved the family to Marysville, Montana, when Johnston was a year old. In 1905, the family moved to Spokane, Washington. The Johnsons divorced in 1911, and Eric's mother, Ida, changed her and her son's last name to "Johnston."
He attended the University of Washington, where he joined the Theta Delta Chi fraternity and graduated in 1917. During this time, he worked as a stevedore, newspaper sports columnist, library clerk, and shoe salesman.
Career
When the United States entered World War I, Johnston enlisted in the United States Marine Corps. He was commissioned a second lieutenant, and became a Reserve Officers' Training Corps commander at the University of Washington in 1918. He was promoted to captain, fought with the American Expeditionary Force, Siberia in the Russian Revolution, and was named military attaché in Peking (now Beijing). Johnston acquired some Mandarin, traveled widely in Asia, and successfully speculated in Chinese currency.
While in Beijing, Johnston was assaulted by an unknown person. His skull was fractured, which led to sinus infections and lung ailments and his discharge from the Corps in 1922 for medical reasons. Johnston returned to Spokane for its dry climate, where he married his long-time girlfriend, Ina Hughes. He became a vacuum-cleaner salesman, and bought the Power Brown Co., the Pacific Northwest's largest independent appliance distribution business. In 1924, the newly renamed Brown-Johnston Company purchased the Doerr-Mitchell Electric Co., a manufacturer of electrical appliances, ironwork and glassware.
Johnston was elected president of the Spokane Chamber of Commerce in 1931. He became managing trustee of the bankrupt Washington Brick and Lime Co., led it out of bankruptcy, and became its chairman. Johnston also became president of the Wayne-Burnaby Company, a regional electrical contractor.
US Chamber of Commerce
As a rising regional businessman, Johnston became active in the national Chamber of Commerce. He was appointed to its tax committee in 1933, elected a director in 1934, and elected vice president in 1941. Johnston became head of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce after a revolt by younger, moderate business executives pushed several older, conservative candidates aside. He refused to antagonize the American Federation of Labor or the Congress of Industrial Organizations, and advocated labor-management cooperation. Johnston persuaded the labor federations to make a no-strike pledge during World War II.
In 1940, Johnston ran in the Republican primary for Senator from Washington state, but placed a distant second place with only 18 percent of the vote.
In 1941, Johnston became the youngest person ever elected as president for its one-year term, re-elected three times. In 1942, Johnston took over as president of the US Chamber of Commerce. He served on several wartime commissions for President Franklin D. Roosevelt, including the Committee for Economic Development, the War Manpower Commission, and the War Mobilization and Reconversion Committee. In 1943, President Roosevelt named him chairman of the United States Commission on InterAmerican Development. He traveled widely in Latin America, reassuring heads of state that the United States intended to protect them in the event of war.
In 1944, Soviet leader Joseph Stalin invited Johnston to tour Russia. Johnston agreed, and Roosevelt appointed him an emissary of the United States. Johnston spent nearly a month in the Soviet Union, and was the first American diplomat to tour the Central Asian Republics of the Soviet Union. He met with Stalin for three hours at a time when Ambassador W. Averell Harriman had yet to present his credentials to the premier.
Johnston retired as Chamber of Commerce president in 1945.
MPAA
Johnston was named president of the Motion Picture Producers and Distributors Association (MPPDAA), the predecessor of the MPAA, in 1946. He immediately changed the name of the organization to its current title, the Motion Picture Association of America.
Hollywood blacklist
In September 1947, the motion picture industry came under sharp criticism by the House Un-American Activities Committee for allegedly permitting known communist sympathizers to include pro-communist messages in motion pictures. Spurred by Red-baiting members of the MPAA as well as a fear of government censorship, Johnston agreed to institute a blacklist.
On November 25, 1947, Johnston was part of a closed-door meeting with 47 motion picture company executives at New York City's Waldorf-Astoria Hotel that resulted in the "Waldorf Statement". Johnston issued a two-page press release that marked the beginning of the Hollywood blacklist.
Production code
During his tenure at the MPAA, Johnston quietly liberalized the production code. He also engaged in major initiatives to secure a significant American share of the overseas motion picture market, and to reduce restrictions on the screening of American films in foreign markets.
Government appointments
In January 1951, Johnston was appointed administrator of the Economic Stabilization Agency by President Harry S. Truman, replacing Alan Valentine. He lasted only a few months in the job.
In 1953, President Dwight D. Eisenhower appointed Johnston a "Special Representative of the President of the United States" to deal with the water conflict between Israel, Jordan, and Syria. He worked to solve the Middle East's water problems by negotiating the Jordan Valley Unified Water Plan.
In 1958, Johnston traveled to the Soviet Union and met Premier Nikita Khrushchev. In 1959, he hosted Khrushchev in both Washington, D.C., and California during Khrushchev's 18-day visit to the United States. Johnston continued at MPAA until his death in 1963. He was succeeded at the MPAA by Jack Valenti in 1966 after a three-year search.
Personal life and death
Johnston married Ina Harriet Hughes; they had two daughters.
During the 1940 Republican Party presidential primaries, Johnston support Wendell Willkie.
In 1963, while still MPAA president, Johnston suffered a stroke in Washington, D.C., on June 17. He was hospitalized at George Washington University Hospital, where he suffered a second stroke on July 4. He entered a coma on August 5 and died age 66 on August 22, 1963.
Awards
* 1947: Presidential Medal for Merit
Legacy
Johnston appears a key character in the play The Waldorf Conference, written by Nat Segaloff, Daniel M. Kimmel, and Arnie Reisman. The play presents a fictionalized account of the Waldorf Conference of 1947 and the beginning of the Hollywood blacklist.
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Hungary at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Hungary competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. Originally scheduled to take place from 24 July to 9 August 2020, the Games were postponed to 23 July to 8 August 2021, because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Hungarian athletes have appeared in every edition of the Summer Olympic Games, except for two occasions. Hungary was not invited to the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp, because of its role in the first World War, and was also part of the Soviet boycott, when Los Angeles hosted the 1984 Summer Olympics.
Medalists
The following Hungarian competitors won medals at the games. In the discipline sections below, the medalists' names are bolded.
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Multiple medalists
The following competitors won multiple medals at the 2020 Olympic Games.
Competitors
The following is the list of number of competitors in the Games. Note that reserves in handball are not counted:
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Archery
One Hungarian archer directly qualified for the men's individual recurve at the Games by reaching the quarterfinal stage and obtaining one of seven available spots at the 2021 Final Qualification Tournament in Paris, France.
Athletics
Hungarian athletes further achieved the entry standards, either by qualifying time or by world ranking, in the following track and field events (up to a maximum of 3 athletes in each event):
* Key
* Note–Ranks given for track events are within the athlete's heat only
* Q = Qualified for the next round
* q = Qualified for the next round as a fastest loser or, in field events, by position without achieving the qualifying target
* NR = National record
* N/A = Round not applicable for the event
* Bye = Athlete not required to compete in round
* Track & road events
* Men
* Women
* Field events
* Combined events – Women's heptathlon
Badminton
Hungary entered two badminton players (one per gender) into the Olympic tournament. Rio 2016 Olympian Laura Sárosi was selected to compete in the women's singles based on the BWF World Race to Tokyo Rankings. Gergely Krausz will compete in the men's singles after received reallocation quota.
Boxing
Hungary entered one male boxer into the Olympic tournament. Roland Gálos scored a round-of-16 victory to secure a spot in the men's featherweight division at the 2020 European Qualification Tournament in London, United Kingdom.
Sprint
Hungarian canoeists qualified six boats in each of the following distances for the Games through the 2019 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in Szeged. Meanwhile, two additional boats were awarded to the Hungarian canoeists each in the men's K-2 1000 m and women's C-2 1000 m, respectively, with their top-two placements at the 2021 European Canoe Sprint Qualification Regatta.
* Men
Qualification Legend: FA = Qualify to final (medal); FB = Qualify to final B (non-medal)
* Women
Road
Hungary entered one rider to compete in the men's Olympic road race, by virtue of his top 50 national finish (for men) in the UCI World Ranking.
Mountain biking
Hungarian mountain bikers qualified for one men's and one women's quota place into the Olympic cross-country race, as a result of the nation's twentieth-place finish for men and nineteenth for women, respectively, in the UCI Olympic Ranking List of 16 May 2021.
Fencing
Hungarian fencers qualified a full squad in the men's team sabre at the Games, by finishing among the top four nations in the FIE Olympic Team Rankings, while the women's foil and women's sabre teams claimed the spot each as the highest-ranked nation from the European zone outside the world's top four. Meanwhile, Gergely Siklósi (men's épée) booked an additional spot on the Hungarian roster as one of the two highest-ranked fencers vying for qualification from Europe in the FIE Adjusted Official Rankings.
The fencing squad was officially named on May 28, 2021, with the two-time defending champion Áron Szilágyi in the men's sabre leading the fencers to his fourth consecutive Games.
* Men
* Women
Artistic
Hungary entered one artistic gymnast into the Olympic competition. Rio 2016 Olympian Zsófia Kovács booked a spot in the women's individual all-around and apparatus events, by finishing sixth out of the twenty gymnasts eligible for qualification at the 2019 World Championships in Stuttgart, Germany.
* Women
Rhythmic
Hungary qualified one rhythmic gymnast for the individual all-around at the 2021 European Championships in Varna, Bulgaria, signifying the country's return to the sporting scene since 2000.
Handball
Key:
* Summary
* ET – After extra time.
* P – Match decided by penalty-shootout.
Women's tournament
Hungary women's national handball team qualified for the Olympics by securing a top-two finish at the Győr leg of the 2020 IHF Olympic Qualification Tournament.
* Team roster
* Group play
* Quarterfinal
Judo
Hungary entered seven judoka (three men and four women) into the Olympic tournament based on the International Judo Federation Olympics Individual Ranking.
* Men
* Women
Karate
Hungary entered one karateka into the inaugural Olympic tournament. Gábor Hárspataki qualified directly for the men's kumite 75 kg category by finishing third in the final pool round at the 2021 World Olympic Qualification Tournament in Paris, France.
Modern pentathlon
Hungarian athletes qualified for the following spots in the modern pentathlon at the Games. Two-time Olympian Sarolta Kovács confirmed a place in the women's event by finishing eighth among those eligible for Olympic qualification at the 2019 European Championships in Bath, England. London 2012 bronze medalist Ádám Marosi reclaimed the individual title to secure a men's place for the Hungarians at the 2021 UIPM World Championships in Cairo, Egypt, with Michelle Gulyás locking the podium with a bronze on the women's side. Róbert Kasza accepted a spare berth previously allocated by Bence Demeter as the nation's next highest-ranked modern pentathlete based on the UIPM World Rankings.
Rowing
Hungary qualified one boat in the men's single sculls for the Games by winning the bronze medal and securing the second of three berths available at the 2021 FISA European Olympic Qualification Regatta in Varese, Italy.
Qualification Legend: FA=Final A (medal); FB=Final B (non-medal); FC=Final C (non-medal); FD=Final D (non-medal); FE=Final E (non-medal); FF=Final F (non-medal); SA/B=Semifinals A/B; SC/D=Semifinals C/D; SE/F=Semifinals E/F; QF=Quarterfinals; R=Repechage
Sailing
Hungarian sailors qualified one boat in each of the following classes through the 2018 Sailing World Championships, the class-associated Worlds, and the continental regattas.
M = Medal race; EL = Eliminated – did not advance into the medal race
Shooting
Hungarian shooters achieved quota places for the following events by virtue of their best finishes at the 2018 ISSF World Championships, the 2019 ISSF World Cup series, European Championships or Games, and European Qualifying Tournament, as long as they obtained a minimum qualifying score (MQS) by May 31, 2020. The shooting squad was named on June 14, 2021, with 2018 world silver medalist and current world record holder István Péni earning his second consecutive trip to the Games as the lone returning Olympian.
Swimming
Hungarian swimmers further achieved qualifying standards in the following events (up to a maximum of 2 swimmers in each event at the Olympic Qualifying Time (OQT), and potentially 1 at the Olympic Selection Time (OST)):
Thirty-three swimmers (22 men and 11 women) were named to the Hungarian roster for the Olympics at the end of the qualifying window, with six-time medalist László Cseh, freestylers Zsuzsanna Jakabos and Evelyn Verrasztó, and two-time defending individual medley champion Katinka Hosszú racing in the pool at their fifth straight Games.
* Men
* Women
Swimmers who participated in the heats only.
* Mixed
Table tennis
Hungary entered five athletes into the table tennis competition at the Games. For the first time in history, the women's team secured a berth by advancing to the quarterfinal round of the 2020 World Olympic Qualification Event in Gondomar, Portugal, permitting a maximum of two starters to compete in the women's singles tournament. Meanwhile, Bence Majoros scored a second-match final triumph to book one of the four available places in the men's singles at the 2021 ITTF World Qualification Tournament in Doha, Qatar. Moreover, the last open berth in the inaugural mixed doubles was awarded to the Hungarian table tennis players, as the next highest-ranked pair vying for qualification in the ITTF World Rankings of June 1, 2021.
Taekwondo
For the first time since 2000, Hungary entered one athlete into the taekwondo competition at the Games. American-born Omar Salim secured a spot in the men's flyweight category (58 kg) with a top two finish at the 2021 European Qualification Tournament in Sofia, Bulgaria.
Tennis
Hungary named a team of three players on 10 June 2021. Tímea Babos withdrew ahead of the tournament, with Márton Fucsovics joining her before his initial scheduled match against Poland's Hubert Hurkacz because of a right shoulder injury.
Triathlon
Hungary confirmed four quota places (two per gender) in the triathlon events for the rescheduled Tokyo, after finishing among the top seven nations vying for qualification in the ITU Mixed Relay Olympic Rankings.
* Individual
* Relay
Water polo
Key:
* Summary
* FT – After full time.
* P – Match decided by penalty-shootout.
Men's tournament
Hungary men's national water polo team qualified for the Olympics by advancing to the final match and securing an outright berth at the 2020 European Championships in Budapest.
* Team roster
* Group play
* Quarterfinal
* Semifinal
* Bronze medal game
Women's tournament
Hungary women's national water polo team qualified for the Olympics by advancing to the final match and securing an outright berth at the 2020 World Olympic Qualification Tournament in Trieste, Italy.
* Team roster
* Group play
* Quarterfinal
* Semifinal
* Bronze medal game
Weightlifting
Hungary entered one male weightlifter into the Olympic competition. Two-time Olympian Péter Nagy accepted a spare berth unused by Africa as the next highest-ranked weightlifter vying for qualification in the men's +109 kg category based on the IWF Absolute World Rankings.
Wrestling
Hungary qualified six wrestlers for each of the following classes into the Olympic competition. Four of them finished among the top six to book Olympic spots in the men's freestyle 65 kg, men's Greco-Roman (77 and 87 kg), and women's freestyle 62 kg wrestling at the 2019 World Championships, while an additional license was awarded to the Hungarian wrestler, who progressed to the top two finals of the men's Greco-Roman 67 kg at the 2021 European Olympic Qualification Tournament in Budapest. Another Hungarian wrestler claimed one of the remaining slots each in the men's Greco-Roman 97 kg, respectively, to complete the nation's roster at the 2021 World Qualification Tournament in Sofia, Bulgaria.
Key:
* VT (ranking points: 5–0 or 0–5) – Victory by fall.
* VB (ranking points: 5–0 or 0–5) – Victory by injury (VF for forfeit, VA for withdrawal or disqualification)
* PP (ranking points: 3–1 or 1–3) – Decision by points – the loser with technical points.
* PO (ranking points: 3–0 or 0–3) – Decision by points – the loser without technical points.
* ST (ranking points: 4–0 or 0–4) – Great superiority – the loser without technical points and a margin of victory of at least 8 (Greco-Roman) or 10 (freestyle) points.
* SP (ranking points: 4–1 or 1–4) – Technical superiority – the loser with technical points and a margin of victory of at least 8 (Greco-Roman) or 10 (freestyle) points.
* Freestyle
* Greco-Roman
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Koolhoven FK.47
The Koolhoven F.K.47 was a 1930s one-off two seat biplane designed and built in the Netherlands for an individual customer as a sport and touring aircraft.
Design and development
The F.K.47 was specifically built for H.L. Jonker Roelants as a sports tourer and registered in his name in June 1933. It had much in common with the early version of the Koolhoven F.K.46 sport and training aircraft, which first flew four months later. Both were two seat, single bay biplanes, with equal span, unswept wings of constant chord and strong stagger, braced with N-form struts. The upper wing of the F.K.47 was held above the fuselage primarily by a pair of short, outward leaning N-form cabane struts to the upper fuselage longerons. There was a shallow rounded cut-out in the trailing edge of this wing to enhance the upward view from the forward cockpit.
The F.K.47 was powered by a 130 hp (97 kW) de Havilland Gipsy Major air-cooled inverted inline engine, driving a two blade propeller. The fuselage had a rounded decking with the forward cockpit placed under the upper wing trailing edge and the aft one just behind the lower wing edge. Both cockpits were open. Aft, the fin was quadrant-shaped with a vertical rudder. The undercarriage was conventional, with the mainwheels on cantilever tube, faired legs, assisted by a tailwheel.
Operational history
At least some of Roelant's flights around Europe in the sole F.K.47, PH-EJR, ended badly. An early trip to the Dolomites in July 1933 ended prematurely with engine failure over Germany. Three years later, flying between Rotterdam and Paris but off course he landed at a military field where tensions had been raised by the recent German occupation of the Rhineland. He and his aircraft were briefly held under guard. He continued to use it until 1939 when it was destroyed.
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U.S. appeals court mulls hedge fund founder's FBI misconduct case
NEW YORK (Reuters) - An attorney for the U.S. government on Friday urged a federal appeals court to toss an unusual lawsuit by hedge fund founder David Ganek, who claims the government lied to get a search warrant against him in an insider trading investigation. Sarah Normand, arguing for the government before the 2nd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in Manhattan, said that even if the Federal Bureau of Investigation did make false statements, it had good cause for a warrant against Ganek anyway. The three judges vigorously questioned both Normand and Nancy Gertner, a former federal judge now representing Ganek, but did not clearly signal how they might rule. FBI agents raided the offices of Ganek’s fund, Level Global, in 2010, after one of its analysts, Spyridon Adondakis, told them that he had traded Dell Inc shares on insider information, and shared such information with others at the fund. Level Global shut down soon after that. In his 2015 lawsuit, filed in Manhattan federal court, Ganek claimed that in asking a magistrate judge for a warrant against him, the FBI falsely said Adondakis had told them that he had told Ganek the source of his information about Dell. However, both Adondakis and an FBI agent who interviewed him later testified that Adondakis never said that. Last year, U.S. District Judge William Pauley refused to dismiss Ganek’s lawsuit, which claims the search violated his Constitutional rights. At Friday’s argument, Normand said evidence of insider trading at Level Global was enough by itself to justify the search. She also said it was not “plausible” that FBI agents decided to “run up the chain a decision to fabricate evidence.” Normand also did not concede that the FBI had made false statements. She said its statement about Ganek knowing of inside information was not about Dell specifically, but did not provide further details. Pressed by Circuit Judge Reena Raggi, she said the government could stand by that assertion trial. Gertner said evidence of some insider trading at Level Global did not justify a warrant against Ganek. “If a guy in the mail room is trading on inside information, you have the right to search the entire business? That makes no sense,” she said. She also criticized the government for arguing that “the lie doesn’t matter.” “The notion that there is no remedy for officers of the United States to lie in an affidavit is extraordinary,” she said. Reporting By Brendan Pierson in New York; Editing by Bernard Orr
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: "Self-hosting" compilers – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
In computer programming, self-hosting is the use of a program as part of the toolchain or operating system that produces new versions of that same program—for example, a compiler that can compile its own source code. Self-hosting software is commonplace on personal computers and larger systems. Other programs that are typically self-hosting include kernels, assemblers, command-line interpreters and revision control software.
Operating systems
An operating system is self-hosted when the toolchain to build the operating system runs on that same operating system. For example, Windows can be built on a computer running Windows.
Before a system can become self-hosted, another system is needed to develop it until it reaches a stage where self-hosting is possible. When developing for a new computer or operating system, a system to run the development software is needed, but development software used to write and build the operating system is also necessary. This is called a bootstrapping problem or, more generically, a chicken or the egg dilemma.
A solution to this problem is the cross compiler (or cross assembler when working with assembly language). A cross compiler allows source code on one platform to be compiled for a different machine or operating system, making it possible to create an operating system for a machine for which a self-hosting compiler does not yet exist. Once written, software can be deployed to the target system using means such as an EPROM, floppy diskette, flash memory (such as a USB thumb drive), or JTAG device. This is similar to the method used to write software for gaming consoles or for handheld devices like cellular phones or tablets, which do not host their own development tools.
Once the system is mature enough to compile its own code, the cross-development dependency ends. At this point, an operating system is said to be self-hosted.
Compilers
Software development using compiler or interpreters can also be self hosted when the compiler is capable of compiling itself.[1]
Since self-hosted compilers suffer from the same bootstrap problems as operating systems, a compiler for a new programming language needs to be written in an existing language. So the developer may use something like assembly language, C/C++, or even a scripting language like Python or Lua to build the first version of the compiler. Once the language is mature enough, development of the compiler can shift to the compiler's native language, allowing the compiler to build itself.
History
Main article: History of compiler construction
The first self-hosting compiler (excluding assemblers) was written for Lisp by Hart and Levin at MIT in 1962. They wrote a Lisp compiler in Lisp, testing it inside an existing Lisp Interpreter. Once they had improved the compiler to the point where it could compile its own source code, it was self-hosting.[2]
The compiler as it exists on the standard compiler tape is a machine language program that was obtained by having the S-expression definition of the compiler work on itself through the interpreter.
— AI Memo 39[2]
This technique is usually only practicable when an interpreter already exists for the very same language that is to be compiled; though possible, it is extremely uncommon to humanly compile a compiler with itself.[3] The concept borrows directly from and is an example of the broader notion of running a program on itself as input, used also in various proofs in theoretical computer science, such as the proof that the halting problem is undecidable.
Examples
Ken Thompson started development on Unix in 1968 by writing and compiling programs on the GE-635 and carrying them over to the PDP-7 for testing. After the initial Unix kernel, a command interpreter, an editor, an assembler, and a few utilities were completed, the Unix operating system was self-hosting - programs could be written and tested on the PDP-7 itself.[4]
Douglas McIlroy wrote TMG (a compiler-compiler) in TMG on a piece of paper and "decided to give his piece of paper to his piece of paper," doing the computation himself, thus compiling a TMG compiler into assembly, which he typed up and assembled on Ken Thompson's PDP-7.[3]
Development of the GNU system relies largely on GCC (the GNU Compiler Collection) and GNU Emacs (a popular editor), making possible the self contained, maintained and sustained development of free software for the GNU Project.
Many programming languages have self-hosted implementations: compilers that are both in and for the same language. An approach is bootstrapping, where a core version of the language is initially implemented using another high-level language, assembler, or even machine language; the resulting compiler is then used to start building successive expanded versions of itself.
List of languages having self-hosting compilers
The following programming languages have self-hosting compilers:[citation needed]
See also
References
1. ^ Heaton, Robert. "What is a self-hosting compiler?". robertheaton.com/.
2. ^ a b Tim Hart and Mike Levin. "AI Memo 39-The new compiler" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-12-13. Retrieved 2008-05-23.
3. ^ a b Ken Thompson. "VCF East 2019 -- Brian Kernighan interviews Ken Thompson". YouTube. Retrieved 2019-10-28.
4. ^ Dennis M. Ritchie. "The Development of the C Language". 1993.
5. ^ BASICO compiler bootstrapping example
6. ^ ClojureScript Next
7. ^ "flat assembler". Retrieved 7 January 2022. The flat assembler is self-hosting and the complete source code is included.
8. ^ "Haskell Communities and Activities Report".
9. ^ https://www.pyret.org Archived 2018-04-10 at the Wayback Machine
10. ^ "Implement TCL in TCL". Archived from the original on 2017-06-04. Retrieved 2017-09-19.
11. ^ "Virgil".
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User:Scryer~enwiki
I'm an aficionado of Cryptanalysis, Go (board game), The Adventures of Buckaroo Banzai Across the 8th Dimension, Modesty Blaise, Jane Austen and Georgette Heyer, among many other interests.
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Obama pitches to middle class with overtime pay action - Washington Times
Analysts say it may lead to job loss, legal action The ACLU's army of ex-cons The art of the Trump take-down Destroying Donald Trump is all that matters in the newsrooms of the mainstream media From proposals aimed at poor Americans to accusing the GOP of a war on women, President Obama and fellow Democrats want to cordon off key blocs of voters ahead of the midterm elections, and they expanded that effort Thursday to middle-class workers by targeting overtime pay. The president used executive authority to extend overtime pay to more employees, a step that analysts say could cost jobs and lead to legal challenges from business groups. But for congressional Democrats seeking re-election, Mr. Obama took action at a critical time as the party sharpens its message of opportunity for all. Do I think this is a political move? Not from a lawyer's perspective. But from a policy perspective, I think that's a fair inference. It plays well with people who believe businesses are just going to start paying more and let their profits fall in order to pay more. And, of course, that's not going to happen, said Tammy McCutchen, a Washington lawyer and former administrator of the wage and hour division at the Labor Department. Ms. McCutchen was at the department in 2004, the last time the overtime pay threshold was adjusted. That year, the figure was raised to $455 and it was the first increase since 1975. The provision applies to workers classified as supervisors or those in managerial roles. As long as they make less than $455 each week, those employees usually are not eligible for overtime pay, even though they might work 50 or more hours a week while taking home meager paychecks. The White House hasn't put forth a specific figure, and the Labor Department will begin crafting a revamped overtime proposal, which then will be open to public comment before it's finalized. Numbers ranging from $550 to $970 are rumored to be on the table. To justify the latest move in his year of action, using executive orders to bypass Congress, Mr. Obama again geared his message toward working-class voters whom Democrats will need to retain control of the Senate and prevent losses in the House. If you're working hard, you're barely making ends meet, you should be paid overtime. Period, the president said. Working Americans have struggled through stagnant wages for too long. Republicans signaled that they are open to working with the administration to change overtime rules, but raised questions about the White House's true motives. We hope this announcement represents a serious attempt to update current regulations and not just another political distraction from the president's failed policies, Reps. John Kline of Minnesota and Tim Walberg of Michigan said in a joint statement. Mr. Kline is chairman of the House Education and the Workforce Committee, and Mr. Walberg heads that panel's subcommittee on workforce protection. In addition to the overtime proposal, the president continues to push for an increase in the national minimum wage from $7.25 to $10.10 per hour as a means for poor Americans to work themselves into the middle class. He has signed an executive order raising the minimum rate to $10.10 for all federal contractors. The White House also has made equal pay a central issue. It is part of an effort to portray Democrats as the party on the side of women while accusing Republicans of waging a war on women. That message surely will be a key part of Democrats' strategy this year as they highlight pay gaps between the sexes, abortion, birth control and other issues. Mr. Obama's action on overtime aims to get working-class Americans firmly on the side of Democrats. Analysts say it's meant to work hand in hand with the push for a higher minimum wage. It's sort of like the minimum wage. It sounds good and it makes you seem heartless if you oppose it. But there are real victims here, said Daniel Mitchell, a senior fellow at the libertarian Cato Institute who specializes in tax reform and economics. Mr. Mitchell said businesses simply will hire fewer workers or cut the amount of overtime they allow to avoid losing profits. Those problems aside, the initiative plays well with average voters, Mr. Mitchell said. The public doesn't really understand [these issues] very well, so they're the ones you'd want to exploit, he said. The timing of Mr. Obama's announcement also is not a coincidence, Ms. McCutchen said. In addition to helping Democrats with their midterm campaigns, beginning the process now ensures that new overtime rules can take effect before Mr. Obama leaves office. Drafting the rules, reviewing public comment and deciding on the final language could take years, Ms. McCutchen said. Legal challenges could be raised, she said, if the Labor Department goes too far and suggests a massive increase. Beyond lawsuits, little can be done to stop the process. Congress can't stop this, unless both houses of Congress vote on the same language to stop it, and you know that's not going to happen, Ms. McCutchen said. The secretary of labor has a lot of authority and power. In the end, they have the power to implement whatever they want to implement. Copyright 2017 The Washington Times, LLC. Click here for reprint permission. Click to Read More Click to Hide Terms of Use / Privacy Policy
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