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SAP NetWeaver
To complete the installation and initial configuration, configure JVM AutoProbe for SAP NetWeaver to use the Java agent.
apmdevops106
To complete the installation and initial configuration, configure JVM AutoProbe for SAP NetWeaver to use the Java agent.
Follow these steps:
1. Start the SAP Configtool
configtool.bat
.
2. Select the instance to modify.
3. In the right pane, select
VM Parameters
|
System
.
4. Create a parameter without providing
-D
. For example:
name: com.wily.introscope.agentProfile
value: <Agent_Home>/core/config/IntroscopeAgent.profile
5. Click the
Additional
tab and create a parameter, for example:
name: -javaagent:<Agent_Home>\Agent.jar
value: <leave empty>
6. Save your changes.
7. Restart the SAP server.
8. To verify that the Configtool made the changes, open the following file:
<drive>:\usr\sap\...\j2ee\cluster\instance.properties
9. Find the line beginning with
ID
<server_id>
.JavaParameters
, and confirm that it contains the information that you entered.
Verify Your Configuration
If needed, you can verify your configuration by running a Transaction Trace session in WebView or Workstation.
To begin, specify the Java agent whose transactions you want to trace and how long to capture the data. When the Transaction Trace Session starts, Introscope captures the specified Transaction Trace data for each transaction. Introscope displays the transaction metrics in the Transaction Trace Viewer window. The transaction metrics are saved in the Transaction Events database. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
SQL Procedure
Example 5: Combining Two Tables
Features:
DELETE statement
IS condition
RESET statement option : DOUBLE
UNION set operator
Table names: PROCLIB.NEWPAY
PROCLIB.PAYLIST
PROCLIB.PAYLIST2
Input Tables
This example creates a new table, PROCLIB.NEWPAY, by concatenating two other tables: PROCLIB.PAYLIST and PROCLIB.PAYLIST2.
proc sql;
title 'PROCLIB.PAYLIST Table';
select * from proclib.paylist;
PROCLIB.PAYLIST Table
PROCLIB.PAYLIST Table
proc sql;
title 'PROCLIB.PAYLIST2 Table';
select * from proclib.PAYLIST2;
title;
PROCLIB.PAYLIST2 Table
PROCLIB.PAYLIST2 Table
Program
libname proclib 'SAS-library';
proc sql;
create table proclib.newpay as
select * from proclib.paylist
union
select * from proclib.paylist2;
delete
from proclib.newpay
where jobcode is missing or salary is missing;
reset double;
title 'Personnel Data';
select *
from proclib.newpay;
Program Description
Declare the PROCLIB library.The PROCLIB library is used in these examples to store created tables.
libname proclib 'SAS-library';
Create the PROCLIB.NEWPAY table.The SELECT clauses select all the columns from the tables that are listed in the FROM clauses. The UNION set operator concatenates the query results that are produced by the two SELECT clauses.
proc sql;
create table proclib.newpay as
select * from proclib.paylist
union
select * from proclib.paylist2;
Delete rows with missing Jobcode or Salary values.The DELETE statement deletes rows from PROCLIB.NEWPAY that satisfy the WHERE expression. The IS condition specifies rows that contain missing values in the Jobcode or Salary column.
delete
from proclib.newpay
where jobcode is missing or salary is missing;
Reset the PROC SQL environment and double-space the output.RESET changes the procedure environment without stopping and restarting PROC SQL. The DOUBLE option double-spaces the output. (The DOUBLE option has no effect on ODS output.)
reset double;
Specify the title.
title 'Personnel Data';
Display the entire PROCLIB.NEWPAY table.The SELECT clause selects all columns from the newly created table, PROCLIB.NEWPAY.
select *
from proclib.newpay;
Output
Personnel Data
Personnel Data | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
-- U.S. Signals Leak of Classified Afghan War Documents Won't Alter Strategy
By Glenn Kessler and Karen Tumulty
July 27 (Washington Post) -- The Obama administration and
its allies in Congress sought Monday to turn the leak of more
than 91,000 classified documents about operations in Afghanistan
into an affirmation of the president's decision to shift strategy
and boost troop levels in the nearly nine-year-long war.
"This administration spent a large part of 2007 and 2008
campaigning to be this administration and saying that the way
that the war had been prosecuted, the resources that hadn't been
devoted to it, threatened our national security," White House
press secretary Robert Gibbs said. The documents cover the years
2004 to 2009; Obama shifted course in December 2009.
The posting of the documents Sunday night by the group
WikiLeaks.org could complicate House approval of $37 billion in
emergency war funding for Afghanistan and Iraq that has cleared
the Senate, but it is expected to pass. Republicans, who have
generally supported the war effort, were largely silent Monday
about the WikiLeaks revelations, perhaps because the bulk of the
documents concern the war effort during the George W. Bush
administration.
Lawmakers said that the trove of documents may harden
opposition but is unlikely to suddenly alter impressions of a war
that the administration had previously acknowledged is a tough
slog amid declining public support. The latest Washington
Post-ABC News poll found 53 percent of adults say that the war
has not been worth its costs, matching last month's highest-ever
mark.
House Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.), who is working to
pass the bill that would help fund Obama's 30,000-troop boost for
the war effort, said winning approval is "not an easy thing one
way or another." Although the leaked documents may add to the
volume of the debate, she said, they do not address current
circumstances. "A lot of it predates the president's new policy,"
Pelosi said.
Rep. Mike Pence (R-Ind.), No. 3 in House leadership, said
the revelations do not change his view of the conflict, nor does
he expect a change in public sentiment. "Back home in Indiana,
people still remember where the attacks on 9/11 came from," Pence
said. "I don't believe this release will have a significant
bearing on the sense of my constituents about the justness of
this war or the imperative of its successful completion."
The diplomatic consequences of such an intelligence breach
were harder to judge. In Islamabad, Pakistani officials reacted
angrily to allegations in the documents that Pakistan's spy
agency collaborated with the Taliban, with analysts warning the
disclosure could have damaging consequences for Pakistan's
relations with the United States. In Kabul, President Hamid
Karzai was "shocked" that "such a huge number of documents were
leaked" -- but not by the allegations contained in them, his
spokesman told reporters.
State Department spokesman P.J. Crowley said that the U.S.
ambassadors in Kabul and Islamabad, Pakistan, as well as Adm.
Mike Mullen, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, had
warned senior officials there about the pending WikiLeaks
disclosure and said it had not been sanctioned by the U.S.
government. "We wanted to make sure they understood the context
under which these documents would be released . . . that this
represents a crime and that we are investigating it," he said.
Gibbs, at his daily briefing, argued that the Obama
administration had largely identified the problems detailed in
the documents and had taken steps to address them. "We have
certainly known about safe havens in Pakistan. We have been
concerned about civilian casualties for quite some time," he
said. "And on both of those aspects, we've taken steps to make
improvements." As for relations with Pakistan, "we understand
that the status quo is not acceptable and that we have to
continue moving this relationship in the right direction."
Gibbs's case was echoed at the State Department and in
statements issued by leading lawmakers.
"Most of these documents are several years old and may well
reflect situations and conditions and circumstances that have
either been corrected already or are in the process of being
corrected," Crowley said. "Some of the documents talked about a
conflict that was underresourced and that was a fundamental
element of the strategy review overseen by the president."
Sen. Joseph I. Lieberman (I-Conn.) said the documents "add
nothing to the public understanding of the war in Afghanistan.
The materials -- which cover the period from 2004 to 2009 --
reflect the reality, recognized by everyone, that the insurgency
was gaining momentum during these years while our coalition was
losing ground."
"Most of it is old news," said Sen. John McCain (R-Ariz.),
the president's opponent in the 2008 election. "The emerging
picture from this leak adds up to little more than what we knew
already -- that the war in Afghanistan was deteriorating over the
past several years and that we were not winning."
But Sen. John F. Kerry (D-Mass.), the chairman of the Senate
Foreign Relations Committee and normally a reliable defender of
the administration's policies, warned the documents "raise
serious questions about the reality of America's policy toward
Pakistan and Afghanistan" and "may very well underscore the
stakes and make the calibrations needed to get the policy right
more urgent."
From a public relations standpoint, the documents could
hardly have appeared at a worse time for the Obama
administration. The previous House vote this month revealed how
skeptical Democrats have grown about the war effort. Although it
passed narrowly -- 215 to 210 -- the majority of Democrats had
voted for an amendment that would require Obama to present a plan
by April for the "safe, orderly and expeditious redeployment of
U.S. troops." That amendment also would have allowed a vote in
Congress to stop additional war funding if withdrawal does not
start by next July, the time administration officials have said
they will start reducing forces in Afghanistan.
Jim Manley, spokesman for Senate Majority Leader Harry M.
Reid (D-Nev.), said: "There's growing questions being raised on
the Hill. All you have to do is look at the votes on the
supplemental" funding bill.
The obvious comparison that many seemed to jump on initially
was the Pentagon Papers, which helped galvanize public doubts
about the Vietnam War. But unlike the Pentagon Papers, these
documents -- although they are closer to a real-time assessment
and although they land in the superheated Internet era -- do not
reveal any strategy on the part of the government to mislead the
public about the mission and its chances for success.
Gibbs condemned the leak of the documents, calling their
publication "a concerning development in operational security"
that "poses a very real and potential threat to those that are
working hard every day to keep us safe." But he went out of his
way to praise the New York Times -- one of three news
organizations given an initial peek by WikiLeaks -- for its
responsible handling of the documents once it had received them.
Col. Dave Lapan, a Pentagon spokesman said officials are
conducting a review of the documents "to try to determine the
potential damage to lives of our service members and our
coalition partners, whether they reveal sources and methods and
any potential damage to national security." The probe, he told
reporters Monday, will take "days, if not weeks."
Staff writers Shailagh Murray and Michael D. Shear
contributed to this report. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Talk:Conservation and restoration of ancient Greek pottery
Hi Nicole, I think you have a great outline, full of detail for visitors who have little to no knowledge about Greek pottery. I like that the online follows a chronological order of the object's life cycle. I am curious to see in your draft if there are other techniques used in preventative conservation in other countries outside the US? If there are notable differences I would recommend breaking this out into another header or subcategory here. Have you come across any ethical concerns for this category of pottery? Another thing to consider would be to move the "see also" section as simple referrals within the text of this article and link it to these outside pages. For the final, I think you have a great selection of images you can add to this page! Looking forward to seeing your next draft! --KatyAleecia37 (talk) 22:17, 31 March 2017 (UTC)
* Thanks, Katy! I didn't think about looking at sources from other countries for preventative care or treatment. I'll see what I can find. If you have any ideas or know of any good resources, please let me know! And good question about ethical concerns. I do want to address the change in philosophy and approaches. I plan on discussing it in the history section. But I'll have to be careful to stay "encyclopedic" and just state the facts. And yes, there are lots of great images available. It will be tough to choose just a few! --NicoleStribs (talk) 01:06, 3 April 2017 (UTC)
Nicole,
This is a very interesting topic, and the outline is very interesting. I especially like how you mentioned the history of conservation approaches since people usually think of conservation as a “modern” invention and not as ancient as you mentioned. I also found out about this little information when I was researching my own topic as well. I am surprised that you mentioned minerals here. Then again, I know very little about ancient Greek pottery. I really like the detailed approach in the outline. I also like your use of the external links, I cannot wait to read this article. Pierre.Guirguis (talk) 13:56, 1 April 2017 (UTC)
* Thanks, Pierre! I'm definitely not an expert, but what I've learned so far indicates that the mineral make up of the clay, as well as the ground, if it was buried, can affect the condition and possibly the treatment of the pottery. I may revise and not keep minerals as a separate section, but they will definitely be mentioned. --NicoleStribs (talk) 01:06, 3 April 2017 (UTC) | WIKI |
User:Columbiamarketmaster/Columbia Market House
The Columbia Market House holds a Farmer's Market each Thursday from 9am to 7 pm and Friday from 9am to 6pm. There are great market stands including fresh fruits, vegetables, coffee, smoothies, hot foods, home baked goods, candy, breads, pretzels, and so much more! Feel free to come grab lunch or purchase something for dinner!
Throughout the year, there are various weekend shows and other events held inside the Market House. Keep your eyes on this website to see what's happening.
The design of the Columbia Market House, constructed in 1869, is attributed to Isaac Hobbs and Samuel Sloan, with Michael Liphart as the builder. Hobbs began his architectural career with public buildings, including two Philadelphia schools (1866 and 1867), and the Dollar Savings Bank in Pittsburgh (1870). The Columbia Market House was an early, public commission for Hobbs. In 1873, he published Hobbs' Architecture and launched his later career in designing private residences outside of large urban centers. For Sloan, the Columbia Market House commission came during a declining year of a prolific architectural practice. Sloan's early career in the 1850's was marked by institutional work designing hospitals, schools, and churches. He also published multiple volumes on architecture, which went into several editions. Following on the upheaval of the financial panic of 1857-1858 and the Civil War, Sloan sought security in partnership with Addison Hutton in 1864. However, this unhappy partnership ended in 1867, when Sloan left briefly for New York. It is unclear how much influence Sloan would have had on the Columbia Market House project during this tumultuous period in his career. It is more probable that Hobbs shouldered most of the work. Both Hobbs and Sloan are perhaps best known for their building patterns, primarily for residences, that were published in books, journals and periodicals.
The Columbia Market House was constructed on the site of an earlier open air market and takes the form of a long, enclosed shed structure. The large interior open space was spanned with arched, Howe trusses, a cross-braced wood truss reinforced with iron tension rods that was popular for railroad bridges. The design mimics the open market sheds that were in use in the first half of the nineteenth century, while incorporating the same construction technique used in train sheds.
Construction of the Columbia Market House was funded by the municipality, an anomaly in Pennsylvania during 1850-1890, when many of the newer market buildings were being constructed by private corporations. However, the Columbia Market House did follow the trend to tear down open air markets and construct off-street market houses. The Broad Street Market House in Harrisburg (1856-1869) was also constructed as a long, narrow shed structure with central clerestory windows set in a roof monitor. The Ridge Avenue Farmers Market in Philadelphia (1875) was another shed-type market building embellished with gothic details. However, later market buildings tended to be designed more as a building in their own right with enhanced facilities. While retaining the open market house interior, later market buildings exhibited architectural detailing and clearly defined entrances for service providers and the public. Examples of the later type of market buildings include the York Central Market (1888), the Lancaster Southern Market (1888), and the Lancaster Central Market (1889).
In the late nineteenth century, the basement of the Columbia Market House was altered to accommodate seven municipal jail cells. The Columbia Market House was active from 1869 until market activities gradually declined during the last quarter of the twentieth century. The building was cleaned by sandblasting in 1965-68, permanently damaging the exterior brick. The Borough of Columbia financed some exterior maintenance work in the 1980s, including re-pointing the building, replacing exterior doors, repairing the roof, and painting exterior wood trim. By the 1990s, the market could no longer support itself.
COLUMBIA BOROUGH GRANTS FOR MARKET HOUSE $500,000 DCED Market House Grant $257,077 Urban Enhancement Grant
Columbia Market House Construction was publicly bid and awarded to McCoy Contractors in August 2009. A preconstruction meeting was held and work began the week of October 11, 2009 with a 120 day completion guideline.
The proposed work schedule began with a "top-down" approach making repairs and replacing the roof; interior ceiling repairs; working on fascia, cornices, clear story, spouting and brick pointing.
Contractor crews and borough crews will proceed to install drainage devices to accomodate storm water runoff from the building and surrounding roadways.
A grand re-opening will be scheduled sometime in April 2010. | WIKI |
How to strengthen joints and ligaments.
Healthy joints and ligaments are the guarantee of an athlete's activity, good physical form and high results.
Healthy joints and ligaments are the guarantee of an athlete's activity, good physical form and high results. Heavy weights and intensive training increase the risk of injury, the consequences of which can permanently close the road to professional sport. This is why ligament and joint strengthening should be given the highest priority. This applies regardless of the type of sport and the magnitude of the strain.
Read more about joints and ligaments
Ligaments fix the bones to each other and are very inelastic, which often leads to them being overstretched. But in comparison with joints, they recover much more quickly.
Joints take all the load and protect the skeleton. They are made up of cartilage and synovial fluid, which is in the joint sac. They are a kind of shock absorbers for the body. When you hit a punching bag, the shoulder and elbow joints take the shock load, when you run, the knee joints take the shock load. Once injured joint will never return to its original state, and it can take months or even years to stabilize it after an injury.
Only your self-care and regular support of your joints and ligaments can help reduce your risk of injury and health problems.
Taking Action
Step 1: Diet. Obesity is an excessive load on joints. The normalization of weight is the first priority in the preservation of health. The solution to this problem lies in revision of the diet, giving up alcohol and junk food, which leads to a deterioration of the gastrointestinal tract and, consequently, to a blockage of absorption of micro and macronutrients. In the diet should be added more products containing vitamins C, B6, E, as well as selenium, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Do not forget about drinking.
Step 2: Warm up. Gradual inclusion increases the elasticity of ligaments, improves blood flow in the body, and increases regenerative potential. Any physical activity with heavy weights is a micro-trauma that may not make itself felt immediately. By preparing yourself for exercise, you will protect your body.
Step 3: Special exercises. Add to your exercise program an obligatory complex aimed at strengthening ligaments and unloading joints most prone to injury. Doctors of therapeutic physical training have developed separate complexes for shoulder, knee, hip, ankle and elbow joints. In general, exercises with static loads and isometric exercises give good results.
Step 4: Supplements. Specially designed preparations specifically strengthen the joints and ligaments, providing the body with the necessary substances. Their composition should include:
glucosamine and chondroitin. Actively involved in the formation of connective tissue, strengthen joints, promote their regeneration. The main thing is that they are well absorbed and work effectively;
Collagen (in the form of hydrolysate as the easiest to digest). One of the most important proteins in the body. It participates in the construction of muscles, bones, skin, ligaments, joints and cartilage;
Methylsulfonylmethane. It has a powerful anti-inflammatory effect and promotes cellular nutrition.
Optimal in composition and convenient in form is a dietary supplement nandrolone from the German manufacturer Pharmax-anabolika. It contains all the components in the required quantities, it is not difficult to take and is well absorbed by the body.
Remember, if you take care of your joints and ligaments today, you will not have to cure them tomorrow.
Lincks:
99 Puntos de vista | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Alzheimer's and Nutrition - What You Deserve to Know
Dharma S Khalsa, MD Health Guide April 29, 2009
• There have been many studies recently linking Alzheimer's and nutrition. More and more, the evidence overwhelmingly indicates that proper nutrition is essential to maintaining a healthy brain: it plays a major role in cognition, memory, and various neurological disorders - including Alzheimer's disease.
I am a strong proponent of the link between Alzheimer's and nutrition. I have found that a proper diet is one of the main keys to Alzheimer's prevention and should consist of the following:
1. 20% "good" fat, such as extra virgin olive oil, avocado, and flax seed oil;
2. 40% lean protein, such as fish, chicken, turkey, and soy; (Omega-3 fatty acids, found primarily in fish, have been shown to drastically decrease your risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. In fact, simply eating one fish meal per week can result in a 60% reduction in your risk of developing Alzheimer's.)
3. 40% complex carbohydrates, such as fresh vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and fresh fruits;
4. "Super foods" for the brain, such as blueberries, spinach, and seaweed.
It is also important to avoid:
• 1. A diet high in trans-fat and saturated fat, since these fats produce free radicals in your body.
• 2. High quantities of free radicals have been known to damage and even kill brain cells.
Get Your Antioxidants
A diet rich in antioxidants is also important. It has been found to drastically lower your risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. Antioxidants eliminate free radicals from your body. Your body naturally produces free radicals as a by-product of normal cell functioning. However, when produced in large quantities, free radicals can cause such debilitating diseases as cancer, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's.
How to find antioxidants?
• Vitamin E is fat soluble and can be found in vegetable and nut oils, spinach, and whole grain products.
• Vitamin C is water soluble, and can be found in citrus fruits, tomatoes, spinach, and red peppers.
These vitamins more effectively help prevent Alzheimer's when obtained from actual foods instead of from supplements. Research shows that when taken together, vitamins C and E can reduce your risk of Alzheimer's disease by 20%.
• A diet rich in niacin will help prevent the onset of Alzheimer's. However, research indicates that it is more beneficial to receive niacin from foods than from supplements. Niacin-rich foods include lean meat, fish, poultry, peanuts, omega-E-enriched eggs, whole grain products, beans and peas, avocados, dates, figs, and prunes.
Supplements to Know About
The following supplements have also proven very effective in improving cognitive functioning and memory:
• Ginkgo biloba extract (also an antioxidant)
• Alpha GFC (alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine)
• N-acetyl-L-carnitine
• Lipoic acid
• DHA (docosahexaenoic acid)
• Phosphatidylserine.
Medical researchers are still hard at work trying to determine the exact cause of Alzheimer's disease. But one thing has already been determined with certainty: there is a strong link between Alzheimer's and nutrition. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Template talk:Computer laws
Iron law of processor performance?
Should the iron law of processor performance be included here? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Indolering (talk • contribs) 23:11, 15 March 2021 (UTC) | WIKI |
User:Miron25
Concerning Radu Duda, Prince of Hohenzollern-Veringen:
Marina C (2) 08:50, 19 February 2007 (UTC) | WIKI |
Bagthorpe with Barmer
Bagthorpe with Barmer is a civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. The parish includes the hamlets of Bagthorpe and Barmer, it is around 7 + 1/2 miles west of Fakenham and is 14 miles north-east of King's Lynn. As the population of the civil parish remained less than 100 during the 2011 Census, it was included in the civil parish of Stanhoe.
The civil parish has an area of 3 + 1/2 sqmi and in the 2001 census had a population of 53 in 22 households. For the local government, the parish falls within the district of King's Lynn and West Norfolk.
Parish church
Barmer All Saints is a Grade II* listed building. It is a small building and is one of 124 existing round-tower churches in Norfolk. The church sits off the road, about 250 yards across a field in a copse of trees. In 1602 it was already a ruin, but in 1885 the Kerslake family decided to turn it into a mausoleum and employed the architect Frederick Preedy to restore the church. What exists today is largely Victorian, but there are remains of its earlier history. The round tower is Norman, but the origins may have been Anglo-Saxon as indicated by the flint quoins at the west end of the nave. The chancel arch is 12th Century and the nave 13th Century. The church was declared redundant in 1970, and it was taken over by the Norfolk Churches Trust in 1978.
The Kerslake coat of arms can be seen on a cast-iron tympanum above the door. The Kerslakes owned much of the surrounding land as well as the manor house. The house no longer exists, but part of the estate is incorporated into Manor Farm. Several of the Kerslake family are buried in the churchyard. The Kerslakes originate from the southwest of England where the family-owned shipyards building ships for the Royal Navy. Due to the considerable amount of work undertaken for the Admiralty during the 18th century, the family became wealthy and also a government creditor. | WIKI |
2009 SMU Mustangs football team
The 2009 SMU Mustangs football team represented Southern Methodist University in the 2009 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Mustangs, led by second-year head coach June Jones, played their home games at Gerald J. Ford Stadium and competed in Conference USA.
The 2009 Mustangs played in a bowl game for the first time since the program's 1989 emergence from its 1987 shutdown due to massive NCAA rule violations. SMU was invited to the Hawaii Bowl, where they played Nevada. The Mustangs won, 45–10, to finish the season 8–5.
Previous season
The 2008 team finished with an overall record of 1–11 with a conference record of 0–8, finishing in last place in the Conference USA West Division. The team's lone win was a 47–36 victory over FCS Texas State. | WIKI |
Black Moor
Black Moor may refer to:
* Black Moor (musical group), a heavy metal band
* Black Moor (Rhön), a wetland habitat in Germany
* Black Telescope goldfish, known as black moor, a variant of telescope eye goldfish
* "Harap Alb", a 1877 Romanian-language fairy tale | WIKI |
Relativistic three-body model for final state interaction in D+ → K-π+π+ decay
Nenhuma Miniatura disponível
Data
2010-12-01
Autores
Frederico, T.
Guimarães, K. S F F
De Paula, W.
Bediaga, I.
Dos Reis, A. C.
Magalhães, P. C.
Robillota, M.
Delfino, A.
Tomio, L. [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Resumo
A challenge in mesonic three-body decays of heavy mesons is to quantify the contribution of re-scattering between the final mesons. D decays have the unique feature that make them a key to light meson spectroscopy, in particular to access the Kn S-wave phase-shifts. We built a relativis-tic three-body model for the final state interaction in D+ → K -π+π+ decay based on the ladder approximation of the Bethe-Salpeter equation projected on the light-front. The decay amplitude is separated in a smooth term, given by the direct partonic decay amplitude, and a three-body fully interacting contribution, that is factorized in the standard two-meson resonant amplitude times a reduced complex amplitude that carries the effect of the three-body rescattering mechanism. The off-shell reduced amplitude is a solution of an inhomogeneous Faddeev type three-dimensional integral equation, that includes only isospin 1/2 K -π+ interaction in the S-wave channel. The elastic K-π+ scattering amplitude is parameterized according to the LASS data[1]. The integral equation is solved numerically and preliminary results are presented and compared to the experimental data from the E791 Collaboration[2, 3] and FOCUS Collaboration[4, 5].
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Bethe-Salpeter equation, Complex amplitude, Final state interactions, Ladder approximation, Meson spectroscopy, Rescattering mechanism, Resonant amplitude, Scattering amplitudes, Bosons, Hadrons, Integral equations, Scattering, Shear waves, High energy physics
Como citar
Proceedings of Science. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
News Apps Blog
Matters of interest, from the newsroom developers across Tribune Publishing
Fun with widgets and caching
with 3 comments
In order to spread the reach and usefulness of the Election Center, we made a few different types of widgets – bits of HTML and JavaScript that get dynamically generated and embedded into story pages, blog posts and section pages on ChicagoTribune.com.
Example of an Election Center widget on a story about Pat Quinn
The widgets need to load fast and not put load on our servers. They grab different content links and headlines depending on the context (i.e. A widget on a page about Pat Quinn shows stuff about the governor race).
So we built out a couple Django views to generate the JavaScript we needed. One view renders a JavaScript that determines the context and makes a JSONP call to another view, which delivers the appropriate HTML content wrapped in JSON. The widgets load across domains, so we cant use any of the typical AJAX magic. We have to use script tags to load the JavaScript.
Heres an example of the loader and the file it loads:
# here is the loader
# We start by including the css we'll need to properly display the widget html
var ss = document.createElement('link');
ss.type = 'text/css';
ss.rel = 'stylesheet';
ss.href = 'http://media.apps.chicagotribune.com/elections/site_media/widget.css';
document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(ss);
# Here we define the callback function for JSONP
function tribapps_draw_widget(data) {
ele = document.getElementById("tribapps_widget_area");
ele.innerHTML = data['content'];
}
# .....
# snipped a bunch of business logic to figure out what content to grab for this page
# .....
# write a div to contain the widget
document.write('<div id="tribapps_widget_area"></div>');
# figure out the slug of the content to grab
if ( window["categories"] ) {
tribapps_slug = slug_for_categories(window['categories']);
} else { // try mapwords
var keywords = tribapps_find_keywords();
tribapps_slug = slug_for_keywords(keywords);
}
# make a JSONP call to get the appropriate content
if ( window["tribapps_slug"] ) {
document.write('<script src="http://media.apps.chicagotribune.com/elections/widget/race/'+tribapps_slug+'.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>');
} else {
document.write('<script src="http://media.apps.chicagotribune.com/elections/widget/index.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>');
}
And the JSONP response:
tribapps_draw_widget({"content": "<div>This is WIDGET!!</div>"})
We didn’t want the possibility of melting our servers by pointing the traffic firehouse that is ChicagoTribune.com at our small Amazon instance. Our solution was to pre-render all the JavaScript views and store the JavaScript at S3.
So I extended the cache busting function I wrote about a while ago. Instead of using Django caching, I used the wonderful Amazon Web Service library Boto to push the rendered JavaScript to S3.
The function cache_view_in_s3() will take a view function as a parameter, along with a few other optional params detailed below, and render the view and save the response content to a key on s3 that matches the view’s URL in urls.py.
Here is the code:
from django.http import HttpRequest
from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse
from django.conf import settings
from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
import re
import mimetypes
from boto.s3.connection import S3Connection
s3conn = S3Connection(settings.AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID, settings.AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY)
from boto.s3.key import Key
def cache_view_in_s3(
view_func,
args=[],
view_name=None,
s3_url=None,
request=None
):
"""
This function renders a view, stores the response in s3, and returns
the s3 url. The s3 url will resemble the view's Django url.
view_func: Pass the function for the view you want updated.
args: Array of arguments to pass to the view
view_name: (optional) The name of the view in your urls.py. In
case django can't find the view with just the function
reference.
s3_url: (optional) Base url to store the cached view. Defaults to
settings.AWS_S3_URL
Ex: "s3://media.apps.chicagotribune.com/elections"
request: (optional) An HttpRequest object to be passed to the view.
It'll make a simple GET request by default.
"""
if not s3_url:
try:
s3_url = settings.AWS_S3_URL
except AttributeError, e:
raise ImproperlyConfigured('AWS_S3_URL not defined')
#mockup the HttpRequest if we didn't receive one
if not request:
request = HttpRequest()
request.method = 'GET'
if view_name:
request.path = reverse(view_name, args=args)
else:
request.path = reverse(view_func, args=args)
#call the view for content
response = view_func(request, *args)
bucket, key_prefix = re.match("^s3:\/\/([^\/]*)\/(.*)$", s3_url).groups(0)
content_type = response['Content-Type'].split(';')
if len(content_type) == 2:
mime_type, encoding = content_type
else:
mime_type = content_type[0]
if len(request.path) > 1:
key_name = key_prefix.rstrip('/') + request.path
else:
extension = mimetypes.guess_extension(mime_type)
key_name = key_prefix.rstrip('/') + '/index' + extension
k = Key(s3conn.get_bucket(bucket), key_name)
k.content_type = mime_type
k.set_contents_from_string(response.content)
k.make_public()
return "http://%s/%s" % (bucket, key_name)
You’ll need to set the following Django settings:
AWS_S3_URL="s3://foobar.com/bucket/" # this is the root where the cache function should store static files.
AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=""
AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=""
Here’s where you can help – sometimes this function needs the name of a URL (view_name) in order to properly resolve the URL. Sometimes using just the function reference doesn’t cut it. I’m not sure why this happens. Any ideas?
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Written by Ryan Mark
February 9, 2010 at 4:12 pm
Posted in Infrastructure, Python
3 Responses
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1. That’s a neat trick.
One reason you might sometimes need a view name: If you’re reusing views (or using generic views), the URL resolver sometimes can’t figure out which to return. If you had:
url(r’^blog/$’, blog_dict, ‘object_list_view’),
url(r’^people/$’, people_dict, ‘object_list_view’),
Both use the same view, with the same path. I think that’s why URL names were added.
Reversing URLs can just be buggy, too, in my experience. An error anywhere in any urls.py can throw errors everywhere.
Chris Amico
February 9, 2010 at 8:45 pm
2. […] Fun with widgets and caching […]
3. […] homepage should not be being served by your Slicehost 256 VPS. Use the magic of caching and put that thing on Amazon S3. It can handle the traffic and you can push out updates as often as you need to, without your […]
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User:Pikachu~enwiki
I did what I could to keep this username, but apparently it will be given to the de.wiki account holder, despite that account being inactive for two years. I received no warning, via e-mail or talkpage, that my account was in danger of being taken for usurpation. Instead, I only got a notice that my account was to be taken after it was too late for me to save it.
True, I only have 150 edits with this account. I have 50,000+ with a previously-discontinued account. This was to be my WP:CLEANSTART account, if I ever got back into editing. That's why I kept it at zero edits. I never edited with both accounts at the same time, nor on the same topics, per the rules of WP:CLEANSTART and to ensure I was never in violation of WP:SOCK.
I guess if I ever do get back into editing, I will have to use some other Clean Start account. I suppose I could revive my old account - I don't really need a Clean Start account. I'll keep an eye on this account, and when it turns into Pikachu~enwiki, I'll scramble the password.
To be honest, I don't know if I'll ever come back, though. During my brief time editing again, after a hiatus of years, I felt like Wikipedia had gotten really bitey. People reverting me with no explanation, people with a sense of WP:OWN, etc. I did find the people at WP:TEAHOUSE, which was only created a few years ago and wasn't around when I was editing, to be quite pleasant.
Signing off -
* Pikachu (talk) 21:02, 6 April 2015 (UTC) | WIKI |
Richfaces a4j:poll and a4j:push Can Do More Together
Task: Update the content of the page if the content is changed on server-side, in other words – show the most-fleshiest content to the user.
The most simple solution that comes to mind is to use <a4j:poll/> component which will periodically call some action which will load fresh content and re-render the content on the page. But that not very optimal since you will create the content on server-side and send it back to the client each time you execute the polling request.
a4j:push component looks like the one who was created to avoid that every-time re-rendering. Here is what demo-site says about it:
The main difference between a4j:push and a4j:poll components is that a4j:push makes request to minimal code only (not to JSF tree) in order to check the presence of messages in the queue. If the message exists the complete request will be performed. The component doesn’t poll registered beans but registers EventListener which receives messages about events.
Looks very promising, but in reality it’s a kind of tricky to integrate it with your real application because some code on the server side should execute something like that:
synchronized (listener) {
listener.onEvent(new EventObject(this));
}
But, to do so we should have something in background which will periodically check for updates and generate the events and send them to our listener. Starting a Thread is not good option since we have to worry about the way to stop it, as well who start Thread’s in web-apps ? @Asynchronous task is better one option, but still has the same issues – we have to worry about it lifecycle and stop updates at some point (user may leave the page or close his browser) so we actually has no good way to manage the lifecycle of launched background tasks.
At first I try to use a4j:push with action=”#{myActionBean.checkForUpdates}” but action is not called by a4j:push, it just checks if he has new events and only if it has such – execute action and do reRendering (all that JSF lifecycle)
But it looks like combination of a4j:poll and a4j:push could work here in that way.
• a4j:poll execute an action which check for updates in the data and fire an Event if they are exists
• a4j:push periodically check for new events and re-render content on new event
So, a4:poll play role of assistant, actually it’s like the managed background task on the serverside which periodically poll for the data, but it’s live on the client-side, so in case user will close his browser – server will not execute the requests to datsource anymore.
I call it a “conditional re-rendering”. Here is the JSF code I use to make it working.
<a4j:form id="pollForm" eventsQueue="queue">
<a4j:region id="pollRegion" selfRendered="true" renderRegionOnly="true">
<a4j:poll action="#{myActionBean.checkForNewData}"
id="datasetChangedChecker" interval="#{myActionBean.pollInterval}"
ajaxSingle="true" limitToList="true" immediate="true" bypassUpdates="true">
</a4j:poll>
</a4j:region>
<!-- the function below execute an ajax-call to server which enable the push and re-render <a4j:push /> to start it -->
<a4j:jsFunction name="startPushUpdates"
action="#{myActionBean.startPushUpdates}"
reRender="dataSetReRendererPush" ajaxSingle="true"/>
</a4j:form>
<a4j:form id="pushForm" eventsQueue="queue">
<a4j:push id="dataSetReRendererPush" ajaxSingle="true"
eventProducer="#{myActionBean.addUpdatesListener}"
interval="#{myActionBean.pollInterval}"
reRender="contentPanel,datasetChangedChecker,dataSetReRendererPush"
enabled="#{myActionBean.pushUpdatesStarted}"
/>
</a4j:form>
<a4j:outputPanel id="contentPanel">
<!-- Updated content goes here -->
</a4j:outputPanel>
The only issue here is that we have to ensure that a4j:push is executed AFTER a4j:poll so action called in a4j:poll will generate the event before we will execute the a4j:push. Unfortunately we don’t have the way to manage it in JSF with attributes, but that could be done with help of postponed launching of a4j:push (with some reasonable gap which should be bigger than time required to execute check for data-updates)
The postponed a4j:push execution is achieved with enabling it with ‘enabled=”#{myActionBean.pushUpdatesStarted}”‘ attribute and calling the javascript with timeout
jQuery(document).ready(function() {
window.setTimeout(startPushUpdates, 5000);
});
so, having all that JSF code and MyActionBean.java we have quite optimal solution
I didn’t include java-code here but I believe if you read this line than you most probably got the idea and capable to implement it on your own :-)
Future notes: it looks that IceFaces propose their own vision of ajax-push and it’s not based on periodical polling of server from server-side.
IceFaces push model
As well they have Direct-To-Dom rendering which looks like much more optimal way of re-Rendering. Haven’t tried it yet, but for me it looks ajax-push at IceFaces and re-rendering is a more optimal solution.
It would be nice to hear from the ones who try both RichFaces and IceFaces ajax push approaches.
BTW, just find that RichFaces team prepare some updates to a4j:push in RF-4.0
With this release we have added a few new components, redesigned a4j:push to use advanced Comet implementation and JMS servers
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Posted in Software Development, Tips and Tricks
5 comments on “Richfaces a4j:poll and a4j:push Can Do More Together
1. Ted Goddard says:
You’ll find Ajax Push is very easy to use with ICEfaces. No page changes are required, just include PushRenderer.addCurrentSession(groupName) in your bean to indicate which group of users should have their views updated when an event occurs, then call PushRenderer.render(groupName) during the event (such as a chat message received, auction item price updated, or task completed).
2. saura says:
please include java code
3. [...] Richfaces a4j:poll and a4j:push Can Do More Together [...]
4. Alex says:
can you post the bean details too
5. Zeenat Gohar says:
Need bean detail as well.
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MozillaZine
Help creating an extension
Talk about add-ons and extension development.
tubal
Posts: 7
Joined: January 23rd, 2006, 5:54 pm
Post Posted January 27th, 2006, 3:09 am
Hi,
I have read <a href="http://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/Building_an_Extension">Building an Extension</a> and <a href="http://occidopagus.nl/firefox/emptysidebar/">Creating a Firefox sidebar</a>, and managed to create a simple empty sidebar.
Now I would like to extend this sidebar so that when I hover the mouse over a link in the browser it will somehow appear in the sidebar (this is not exactly what I want to do but it illustrates the problem...). I can create the sidebar and I have written code that registers a mouseover listener in the overlay code and triggers when I move the mouse over a link, but I don't understand how to connect the two.
I.e. How can the mouseover-callback get the sidebars dom-tree so I can add the link to it?
If someone could help me with this problem, either by giving me code, hints or pointing me to a extension that does something similar I would be most grateful.
old zeniko
Posts: 0
Joined: December 31st, 1969, 5:00 pm
Post Posted January 27th, 2006, 3:28 am
Code: Select all
var sidebarWindow = document.getElementById("sidebar").contentWindow;
if (sidebarWindow.location.href == "chrome://yourextension/content/whatever.xul") {
sidebarWindow.yourNotificationFunction(anyArguments);
}
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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/SaLon Gallery
The result was delete. Sr13 07:55, 22 June 2007 (UTC)
SaLon Gallery
* – (View AfD) (View log)
Speedy A7 was declined by admin User:Rklawton, who recommended AFD. Notability is not established. Conflict of interest is likely given the author's username, which also has no other edits. Yechiel Man 19:12, 17 June 2007 (UTC)
* Speedy Delete, A7, no assertion of notability. Leuko 19:15, 17 June 2007 (UTC)
* Comment - this article was originally listed as db-spam. I removed the spam bits. Notability is claimed via artist(s) represented. I thought it might be useful to give editors a chance to improve the article. If no such improvements are forthcoming, then count my vote as "delete", too. Rklawton 19:40, 17 June 2007 (UTC)
* Keep. Assertions to notability are there as Rklawton says, and the press page on their website claims they've been reviewed by some guides and magazines which look like they might be reliable sources. Can't find any of them on the internet, but if these can be obtained as hard copies and used as references, I think it'd be keepable. - Zeib ur a (talk) 20:02, 17 June 2007 (UTC) Switched to Delete per Victoriagirl's reasoning. - Zeib ur a (talk) 03:09, 18 June 2007 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of England-related deletions. -- John Vandenberg 00:29, 18 June 2007 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Visual arts-related deletions. -- John Vandenberg 00:29, 18 June 2007 (UTC)
* Delete - per WP:ORG, the primary criterion of which states "If the depth of coverage is not substantial, then multiple independent sources should be cited to establish notability." I write this recognizing that the SaLon website claims that the gallery "has already appeared in the March 2006 editions of the Hill, Grove & Kult magazines, the October, November & December 2006 editions of Gallery Guide for Europe, the January 2007 edition of the Resident Magazine". This leaves the reader to wonder what is meant by "appeared"... a feature article, a profile, a column, a review, a listing, an ad? Really a non-issue, as the article itself doesn't attempt to provide such sources. Victoriagirl 00:33, 18 June 2007 (UTC)
* Delete - It was me who nominated it for speedying. If you have to write your own article, then methinks you're not notable enough. Chris 20:53, 18 June 2007 (UTC)
* Comment while this may be an indicator that problems may exist with the article, self-authorship is not a deletion criterion. Rklawton 21:44, 18 June 2007 (UTC)
* Another comment: True. But, this says "We also tend to discourage authors from writing about themselves or their own accomplishments, as this is a conflict of interest. If you have made notable accomplishments, someone else will write an article about you eventually." Chris 08:13, 19 June 2007 (UTC)
| WIKI |
Journal of Fluid Mechanics
Description of mixing with diffusion and reaction in terms of the concept of material surfaces
J. M. Ottino a1
a1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Goessmann Laboratory, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
Article author query
ottino jm [Google Scholar]
Abstract
The essence of fluid-mechanical mixing of diffusing and reacting fluids can be traced back to kinematics, connectedness of material volumes and transport processes occurring across deforming material surfaces. Descriptions based on kinematics of homoeomorphic deforming material surfaces (tracers) are restricted solely to continuous motions and conveniently analysed by transport equations in Lagrangian frames.
Connectedness of material volumes restricts the mixing topology and generates bicontinuous structures characterized by intermaterial-area and striation-thickness distributions. Upper bounds for area generation and material-line elongation are related to mean values of viscous dissipation and govern the average reaction rate in diffusion-controlled reactions. Two concepts are introduced: micromixing, related to local flows, rate of stretching and local viscous dissipation, and macromixing, associated with connectedness of isoconcentration surfaces, vorticity and average viscous dissipation.
Several small-scale flows can be used to typify the interplay between fluid mechanics, mass and energy transport, and chemical reactions: elliptically symmetrical stagnation flows, vortex decay, and swirling flow with uniform stretching. It is proposed that complex fluid motions might be interpreted in terms of integrated behaviour of populations of small-scale flows distributed in space and time to simulate mixing behaviour.
The objective of this work is to present the foundations of a continuum mixing description making reference to earlier approaches to demonstrate computational applicability and practical significance.
(Published Online April 20 2006)
(Received March 27 1980)
(Revised December 10 1980)
Metrics | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Monday, September 1, 2008
Patchiness of source control
I maintain several systems that I use day to day at my Job. One of these is a box I use for mostly code compilation that run Gentoo. The machine runs on a Tyan S2822-D, aka Thunder K8SD Pro.
When I decided to wipe this machine, which was running CentOS 3.x at the time, and drop Gentoo on it, I had been out of the Linux Kernel compilation game for quite a while. To make a long story short, I could not find the correct Kernel compile options (which have become inordinately numerous and bloated) in the 2.6 kernel to make this beast boot. The internet was very little use as to which ones I needed as well. After a couple days of free time spent trying to get the correct options, I gave up and used what did boot -- Gentoo's genkernel package.
Since I ply mostly with FreeBSD systems, having a 'GENERIC' kernel was very familiar to me, and I wrote it down as a 'good move overall' for the future. However, after many moons of regular 'emerge --sync' and 'emerge -vuD world' success stories, I came across a update that broke my genkernel compilation. I couldn't find any hints from internet groups or google searches. Last week I broke down and decided to fix the damn thing myself.
The error was fleeting to say the least and NOT logged in /var/log/genkernel.log. The compilation always died after the kernel compilation and during the busybox compilation. busybox in genkernel is 1.7.4 and gentoo's genkernel ships several patches to it. The compilation would die during this patch process. The error would appear only on the terminal and would not be logged:
patch: **** File shell/ash.c seems to be locked by somebody else under Perforce
There was a whole bunch of other failures that would make this scroll by, so unless you happened to troll the backbuffer you wouldn't catch this as the failure. To it's credit the gentoo genkernel process does mention the failure to patch as the key failure.
So I simulated the patch process, I ran 'tar -xjpf /usr/portage/distfiles/busybox-1.7.4.tar.bz2' in /var/tmp and ran 'patch -p1 < /usr/share/genkernel/patches/busybox/1.7.4/1.7.4-ash-timeout.diff' from the extracted directory. Sure enough, same error.
It turns out that since permissions are extracted by default with the tar command under the build process, patch has '-g' ON BY DEFAULT (from the manpage):
-g num or --get=num
This option controls patch's actions when a file is under RCS or SCCS control, and does not exist or is read-only and matches the default ver-
sion, or when a file is under ClearCase or Perforce control and does not exist. If num is positive, patch gets (or checks out) the file from
the revision control system; if zero, patch ignores RCS, ClearCase, Perforce, and SCCS and does not get the file; and if negative, patch asks
the user whether to get the file. The default value of this option is given by the value of the PATCH_GET environment variable if it is set;
if not, the default value is zero if patch is conforming to POSIX, negative otherwise.
I was not amused. Anyway, I moved patch from /usr/bin/ to /usr/bin/patch.org and wrote this wrapper in /usr/bin/patch:
#!/bin/bash
/usr/bin/patch.org -g0 $@
exit $?
genkernel now compiles.
1 comment:
1. In a way, each of us has an El Guapo to face. For some, shyness might be their El Guapo. For others, a lack of education might be their El Guapo. For us, El Guapo is a big, dangerous man who wants to kill us. But as sure as my name is Lucky Day, the people of Santa Poco can conquer their own personal El Guapo, who also happens to be *the actual* El Guapo!
ReplyDelete | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
StoreManager external object
Official Content
This documentation is valid for:
The StoreManager external object is a component allows you to manage In-App Purchases in your applications.
Warning: This document applies for GeneXus 15 Upgrade 3. Those developers who use previous upgrades must refer to the previous version of this document.
StoreManagerexternalobject-Location_png image_2018613101838_1_png
Properties
CanMakePurchases property
Allows you to know if the device can make purchases (True) or not (False). For example, it can be used to restrict purchases if the device does not admit them.
Methods
GetProducts method
Given a list of products, returns a collection with detailed information about them. Useful to get the title in the user's local language and the price in the user's local currency.
Return value StoreProduct
Parameters ProductIdentifications:Collection(VarChar(100))
PurchaseProduct method
Sends the purchase request of the given product to the platform's In-App Purchases store.
Note: On Android, the Quantity parameter only accepts the value 1 because every product can be purchased or not purchased.
Return value StoreProduct
Parameters ProductIdentifier:VarChar(100), [ , Quantity:Numeric(8.0) ]
GetPurchases method
Gets a list of information of the user's purchased products.
Return value PurchasesInformation
Parameters None
ConsumeProduct method
Consumes a product for which the user has a purchase and returns the success status.
Return value Boolean
Parameters ProductIdentifier:VarChar(100)
RestorePurchases method
Only available for iOS. Restore the purchases through the device.
Return value PurchasesInformation
Parameters None
Events
PurchaseStateChange event
This event only applies to iOS. When a purchase is made, this event will be called indefinitely if the Handled parameter is set to False until the developer sets it to True. The reason for this behavior is that iOS does not persist the information of a purchase (as Android does) when the product type is consumable. A typical scenario might occur when the app crashes without the response of the store platform after a transaction request. In such case, the purchase can be processed when the app is opened again. It's the responsibility of the developers to persist in their systems the user status in relation to the billings (in replacement of EnableProduct or DisableProduct deprecated methods --- see the previous version of this document for details).
Input Purchase:PurchaseResult, PurchaseState:StorePurchaseState, Handled:Boolean
Output None
Domains
StorePurchaseState domain
Set of state values of a purchase. Only applies for iOS.
Purchased When the purchase was successful.
Failed When the purchase fails.
Restored When the purchases are restored.
Deferred When the purchase depends on parental control.
StorePurchasePlatform domain
Store platforms where the purchase was made.
GooglePlay Google Play (for Android) as store platform.
iTunes iTunes (for iOS) as store platform.
StoreProductType domain
Nature of the purchased product.
Subscription The purchase is a subscription.
Product The purchase is a product.
StorePurchaseStatus domain
Status of a purchase after it has been validated with the platform stores (Google/Apple).
Invalid The purchase is invalid.
Valid The purchase is valid.
Expired Indicate if the purchase of a subscription has been expired.
Canceled On iOS indicate if the purchase has been canceled by the Apple Store Support Team.
On Android, if the purchase has been canceled by the user, or if the purchase is a subscription canceled by the system (e.g. billing problem)
Deferred The purchase is waiting for validation of parental control.
Structured Data Types
PurchaseResult
• Success:Boolean
Indicates if the purchase process was successfully completed.
• PurchaseId:VarChar(100)
Purchase identifier from the platform store.
• PurchasePlatform:StorePurchasePlatform
Store platform where the purchase was made.
• ProductIdentifier:VarChar(100)
Purchased product identifier.
• TransactionData:VarChar(100)
Encrypted data of the purchase transaction.
PurchaseInformation
Given a platform store, it keeps the information of a collection of purchases.
• Purchases:Collection( PurchaseResult )
Collection of purchase result for each product queried.
• Receipt:LongVarChar(2M)
Receipt information retrived from Apple.
• PurchasePlatform:StorePurchasePlatform
The store platform where the purchase was made.
StoreProduct
• LocalizedTitle:VarChar(100)
Product title in the user local language.
• LocalizedDescription:VarChar(100)
Product description in the user local language.
• LocalizedPriceAsString:VarChar(100)
String with the product price indicated in the user local currency.
• Identifier:VarChar(100)
Product identifier.
• Purchased:Boolean
Indicates if the product has been purchased by the user.
Notes
• The concept of "enable a product" introduced in the PurchaseStateChange event section is only applicable for iOS that manages the purchases on the client-side. Android, on the other hand, centralizes the purchases on the Google Play's servers and it only notices when a product was purchased or not. For example, the "enable" concept allows the developer to implement a gift-mechanism on the device (i.e. under certain conditions, it is possible to enable a product for free). The same scenario on Android can be solved from the Google Play's console using In-app Promotion codes.
• In order to simulate the "deferred" state in iOS, the developer can add the GXSimulateAskToByInSandbox key into the generated project adopting boolean value.
A typical scenario is when the app is installed in a children's device and the developer uses Progress.Show() while the purchase is being validated. If the parent takes a long time to validate or reject the request of its child, the progress status will be displayed indefinitely.
Scope
Platforms Smart Devices (iOS, Android)
Availability
This external object is available as from GeneXus 15 Upgrade 3.
See also | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Laurence Treil
Laurence Treil (born 28 February 1967) is a French model and actress. She was a famous fashion model who was also a Revlon spokesmodel during the 1980s, before becoming an actress, featuring in several films and television programmes.
Early life
Treil had several health issues starting with a therapeutic abortion that specifies following this intervention had never giving birth to a child, she developed a brain tumor at the age of 10 and also had neurosurgery at the age of 26, but survived after an extended period of hospitalization.
Modelling career
In 1984, she moved to Paris to pursue a modelling career at the age of 16 and started becoming a successful fashion model, her career was managed by several modelling agencies include Prestige, American Model Management, Premier and Madison Models. Treil appeared in a number of advertising campaigns such as Mexx, Revlon, Naf Naf, Capucci, Jean Paul Gaultier and Calvin Klein, as well as the magazine covers including Glamour, Cosmopolitan, Globe and Madame Figaro.
In 1988, Treil was inducted for a Revlon spokesmodel were fronted by two American models Kara Young and Christy Turlington. She modeled for Balmain and filed a sexual harassment complaint against the president of the company in 1997.
On 17 June 2019, she visited at the Galerie Vivienne under the stylist Nathalie Garçon, initiator of the association organized a fashion show in order to improve the visibility and outlook on women over fifty.
On 22 January 2020, Treil walked the runway during the Jean Paul Gaultier haute couture fashion show for 'Spring/Summer 2020' collection, as part of Paris Fashion Week at Théâtre du Châtelet in the city's first arrondissement.
Acting career
In 1985, Treil appeared in three music videos (Slave to Love, Don't Stop the Dance and Windswept) to promote singles by singer Bryan Ferry from the English art rock band Roxy Music which were highly successful for the chart-topping Boys and Girls album. By the same year, Treil appeared in a television commercial for Vittel mineral water brand, and in the following year, she also appeared in the advertising campaign for Mexx clothing range.
In 1989, she appeared in her first major role for Georges Wilson's La Vouivre (also known as The Damned Woman in the Lake), playing the naked mythical creature in a film based on Marcel Aymé's 1943 speculative fiction novel of the same name, which also starred Lambert Wilson, Jean Carmet, Suzanne Flon, Jacques Dufilho and Macha Méril. During the early 1990s, Treil followed her two consecutive screen appearances in both French and Canadian cinema, such as 1991's Jesuit Joe and 1993's Entangled featuring Roy Dupuis, Judd Nelson and Pierce Brosnan. In 2003, Treil made her fourth and final screen appearance for Frédéric Brival's Le Veilleur, with Antoine Basler and Jackie Berroyer.
Treil had several French television appearances throughout over the years, when she first appeared in Antenne 2's Lunettes noires pour nuits blanches on 11 February 1989 was interviewed by Thierry Ardisson, as well as her second appearance in the special HIV/AIDS edition of Que le meilleur gagne on 24 April 1993, and her third appearance was TF1's Qui veut gagner des millions ? (the French version of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?) on 6 July 2002, along with Jean-Pierre Foucault is the main host of the show.
Personal life
On 6 January 2004, she became vice president of the EVA Association which aims to assist people recovering from debilitating illness through experiences in adventurous sports, and Treil was also an avid skydiver.
On 3 October 2005, Treil was invited to Jean-Roch's birthday party at the Paris' VIP Room, along with various guests including Adriana Sklenaříková-Karembeu, Astrid Veillon, Lorànt Deutsch, Frédéric Beigbeder, Didier Drogba, Pascal Obispo and Grace Jones.
On 18 June 2007, Treil attended the Jean-Daniel Lorieux's paintings exhibition cocktail at the Salons Jacques Dessange, that included Sarah Marshall, Nora Arnezeder, Florence Darel, Alessandra Martines, Liane Foly, Pierre Cornette de Saint-Cyr and Yves Rénier. That same year (on 2 October), she enlisted in a post-show party held at the exclusive Champs-Élysées establishment as joined by Trudie Styler, as well as The Police frontman Sting with his band mates Stewart Copeland and Andy Summers were honoured by Christine Albanel as chevaliers of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres.
On 14 March 2013, Treil visited 'The Door Club' opening a cocktail and art exhibition preview with Patrick Skatcha, Delphine de Causans and Josy Foichat.
On 13 November 2015, she attended at the second annual film and music festival in the seaside resort of La Baule-Escoublac, which was chaired by Christophe Barratier and Sam Bobino, with the festival paying a tribute to the composer Michel Legrand.
Music videos
* Slave to Love (1985)
* Don't Stop the Dance (1985)
* Windswept (1985)
Film
* La Vouivre (1989)
* Jesuit Joe (1991)
* Entangled (1993)
* Le Veilleur (2003)
Television
* Lunettes noires pour nuits blanches (1989)
* Que le meilleur gagne (1993)
* Qui veut gagner des millions ? (2002) | WIKI |
The Lacassane Company
The Lacassane Company is a land management company, with a goal of sustainable land management using an environmental management scheme that involves a host of tools including holistic management. Located primarily in Jefferson Davis and Cameron parish, with property in Ragley, Louisiana, the company headquarters is in Lake Charles, Louisiana.
History
Founded in 1929, by eight Lake Charles area businessmen, with land purchased from Jim Gardiner. The company was formed with 2250 common shares of stock with share-holders including, W. P. Weber, H. G. Chalkley, C. O. Noble, Henry Pomeroy, George M. King and Frank Roberts, M. J. Muller, and purchased 21,000 acres that included farm machinery, implements, stock, and cattle bought for $380,000.00, that included what was the Lowery and Illinois plantations, that became known as "The Illinois Plant", and "The Lowery Plant".
The Lacassane company continued with the previous form of tenant farming, increasing the original cattle herd, establishing trapping, hunting, oil and gas leases, and then the wetlands mitigation project. The Lacassine National Wildlife Refuge was established in 1937, when the company sold 13,000 acres south of the Illinois Plant to the United States Government for $51,774.00.
Operations
The Illinois Plant is called the Lacassane Coastal Prairie Mitigation Bank and the Ragley property, in conjunction with the "Calcasieu Mitigation Bank" and partnered with Ecosystem Investment Partners (EIP), is known as the Bill Jackson Longleaf Savannah Mitigation Bank. Both have been designated (through The Lacassane Company) by the Corps of Engineers as a mitigation bank providing ecosystem services to the public in the form of Environmental mitigation (compensatory mitigation) to ensure the no net loss wetlands policy is followed to prevent Biodiversity loss that keeps the greenhouse debt in check. The Lacassane Company partnered with The Coastal Plain Conservancy to hold conservation servitudes on the land. The banks are monitored and maintained by Wildlands, Inc., an environmental consulting and plant propagation company.
The company operations now include land leases for waterfowl (Waterfowl Limited Liability Company) and other hunting, cattle grazing, alligator hide and egg harvesting, oil and gas exploration, and wetland projects. A pumping system through canals, laterals, the Bell City ditch, the Lacassine Bayou and the Mermentau River provides irrigation for the farming operations. The company's SIC code (Lessors of Real Property, NEC) is 6519 and the NAICS CODE (Lessors of Other Real Estate Property) is 531190.
Seed Propagation Project
In 2006, The Lacassane Company became the parent company of Louisiana Native Seed Company, that provides ecospecies such as Little Bluestem, Brownseed Paspalum, Florida Paspalum, Switchgrass, Partridge Pea, and Eastern Gamagrass and has consultants with experience in Agricultural science and botany. The Louisiana Native Seed Company is listed as a provider for the United States Department of Agriculture's Natural Resources Conservation Service.
The Lacassane Club
The Lacassane Club was founded in 2013, as a subsidiary of The Lacassane Company, on 14,000 of the 21,000 acres owned by the company. The company offers personal and corporate hunting memberships that include access to the lodge, separate sleeping quarters called casitas and a 3 bedroom, 2 bath house called Jed's Cabin. The staff includes the club manager, a head guide, 4 other guides, an executive chef, and a Zoology/Wildlife Management biologist. | WIKI |
Page:The Methodist Hymn-Book Illustrated.djvu/511
IN THE METHODIST HYMN-BOOK 499
XVIII. Hymns for those that seek and t/iose thai have Redemption in the Blood of Jesus Christ. 1747.
Nos. 30, 33, 216, 217, 270, 277, 279, 282, 295, 296, 303, 320, 426, 465, S OI &gt; 5 8 7 610, 612, 681, 714, 793, 794, 830.
XIX. Hymns and Sacred Poems. 2 vols. 1749.
Nos. 64, 66, 98, 107, 116, 140, 143, 161, 218, 275, 276, 281, 284, 297. 3S 309, 314, 318, 319, 322, 335, 338, 339, 349, 359, 364, 368, 382, 390, 391, 411, 416, 433, 434, 439, 440, 441, 442, 443, 444, 447, 464, 469, 470, 471, 482,496, 499, 500, 512, 517, 519, 546, 550, 551, 563, 565, 585, 586, 594, 595, 598, 601, 613, 614, 656, 6S6, 687, 692, 693. 6 95. 6 97&gt; 698, 699, 7oo, 2 704, 705, 706, 708, 709, 3 710, 712, 724, 772, 777&gt;t 7S5, 786, 788, 789, 790, 792, 795, 829, 832, 842, 895, 896, 913. 932.
XX. Hymns for Xe\j Year s Dav. 1750. Nos. 226, 930, 931.
XXI. Hymns occasioned l&gt;y the Earthquake. 1750. No. 847.
XXII. Hymns of Intercession for all l\[ankind. 1758. Xi-s. 2OO, 715.
XXIII. Hymns on the Expected Invasion. 1759. No. 227.
XXIV. Short Hymns on Select Passages of the Holy Scriptures. 2 vols. 1762.
Nos. 15, 46, 55, 67, 121, 179, 192, 258, 260, 264, 313, 336, 354, 387, 392, 408, 423, 448, 513, 523, 527, 528, 530, 538, 539, 540, 541, 542, 556, 557, 5 6, 5 6l &gt; 572, 573. 5 80 . 5 Sl i 5 82, 5 8 8, 589, 590, 591, 596, 604, 611, 631, 745, 773, 775, 776, 796, 823, 825, 973.
Some of these were aftcnvards extended by verses left in manuscript by Charles Wesley.
1 First published in A Farther Appeal to Men of Reason and Religion. Part I. 1745.
2 First published in An Earnest Appeal to Men of Reason and Religion. 1743, 2nd Ed.
3 First published at the end of the first edition of the Rules of the United Societies. 1743.
�� � | WIKI |
Write a C++ Program to Find Area of Circle using Const
C++ Program to Find Area of Circle
In geometry, the area enclosed by a circle of radius r is π r². π is the Greek letter which represents a constant, approximately equal to 3.14159, which equals the ratio of the circumference of any circle to its diameter;
In C++ Program you will have to apply the formula, A= π*r*r or A= π r²
Here,
A= area
r= radius;
π= 3.14159 approx;
Now let’s write a program to find an area of the Circle using Const;
Note: You might get confused here because we’ve used Const variable to represent the PI;
Learn: How to Write “Hello, World! Program in C++
What is Const or Constant in C++?
Const is the keyword which is known as Constant, if present, precedes the data type of a variable. It specifies that the value of the variable will not change throughout the program. Any attempt to alter the value of the variable defined with this qualifier will result into an error message from the compiler. Const is usually used to replace defined constant. Variables with this qualifier are often named in all uppercase, as a reminder that they are constants. The following program shows the usage of const.
C++ Program to Find Area of Circle using Const
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
float r,a;
const float PI=3.14;
cout<<"Enter R:"<<endl;
cin>>r;
a= PI*r*r;
cout<<endl<<"Area of Circle="<<a;
}
Output
Enter R:
10
Area of Circle=314
RUN SUCCESSFUL (total time: 10s)
That’s how it works with the constant, variable;
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blob: 115c3da07c067166e65f95625c2a5301b65315af [file] [log] [blame]
// Copyright (c) 2016, Google Inc.
//
// Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
// purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
// copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
// WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
// MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY
// SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
// WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
// OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN
// CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
package main
import (
"bytes"
"encoding/json"
"flag"
"fmt"
"io"
"io/ioutil"
"os"
"os/exec"
"path/filepath"
"strconv"
"strings"
)
var (
buildDir = flag.String("build-dir", "build", "Specifies the build directory to push.")
adbPath = flag.String("adb", "adb", "Specifies the adb binary to use. Defaults to looking in PATH.")
device = flag.String("device", "", "Specifies the device or emulator. See adb's -s argument.")
aarch64 = flag.Bool("aarch64", false, "Build the test runners for aarch64 instead of arm.")
arm = flag.Int("arm", 7, "Which arm revision to build for.")
suite = flag.String("suite", "all", "Specifies the test suites to run (all, unit, or ssl).")
allTestsArgs = flag.String("all-tests-args", "", "Specifies space-separated arguments to pass to all_tests.go")
runnerArgs = flag.String("runner-args", "", "Specifies space-separated arguments to pass to ssl/test/runner")
jsonOutput = flag.String("json-output", "", "The file to output JSON results to.")
)
func enableUnitTests() bool {
return *suite == "all" || *suite == "unit"
}
func enableSSLTests() bool {
return *suite == "all" || *suite == "ssl"
}
func adb(args ...string) error {
if len(*device) > 0 {
args = append([]string{"-s", *device}, args...)
}
cmd := exec.Command(*adbPath, args...)
cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
return cmd.Run()
}
func adbShell(shellCmd string) (int, error) {
var args []string
if len(*device) > 0 {
args = append([]string{"-s", *device}, args...)
}
args = append(args, "shell")
const delimiter = "___EXIT_CODE___"
// Older versions of adb and Android do not preserve the exit
// code, so work around this.
// https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=3254
shellCmd += "; echo " + delimiter + " $?"
args = append(args, shellCmd)
cmd := exec.Command(*adbPath, args...)
stdout, err := cmd.StdoutPipe()
if err != nil {
return 0, err
}
cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
return 0, err
}
var stdoutBytes bytes.Buffer
for {
var buf [1024]byte
n, err := stdout.Read(buf[:])
stdoutBytes.Write(buf[:n])
os.Stdout.Write(buf[:n])
if err != nil {
break
}
}
if err := cmd.Wait(); err != nil {
return 0, err
}
stdoutStr := stdoutBytes.String()
idx := strings.LastIndex(stdoutStr, delimiter)
if idx < 0 {
return 0, fmt.Errorf("Could not find delimiter in output.")
}
return strconv.Atoi(strings.TrimSpace(stdoutStr[idx+len(delimiter):]))
}
func goTool(args ...string) error {
cmd := exec.Command("go", args...)
cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
cmd.Env = os.Environ()
if *aarch64 {
cmd.Env = append(cmd.Env, "GOARCH=arm64")
} else {
cmd.Env = append(cmd.Env, "GOARCH=arm")
cmd.Env = append(cmd.Env, fmt.Sprintf("GOARM=%d", *arm))
}
return cmd.Run()
}
// setWorkingDirectory walks up directories as needed until the current working
// directory is the top of a BoringSSL checkout.
func setWorkingDirectory() {
for i := 0; i < 64; i++ {
if _, err := os.Stat("BUILDING.md"); err == nil {
return
}
os.Chdir("..")
}
panic("Couldn't find BUILDING.md in a parent directory!")
}
type test []string
func parseTestConfig(filename string) ([]test, error) {
in, err := os.Open(filename)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
defer in.Close()
decoder := json.NewDecoder(in)
var result []test
if err := decoder.Decode(&result); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return result, nil
}
func copyFile(dst, src string) error {
srcFile, err := os.Open(src)
if err != nil {
return err
}
defer srcFile.Close()
srcInfo, err := srcFile.Stat()
if err != nil {
return err
}
dir := filepath.Dir(dst)
if err := os.MkdirAll(dir, 0777); err != nil {
return err
}
dstFile, err := os.OpenFile(dst, os.O_CREATE|os.O_WRONLY, srcInfo.Mode())
if err != nil {
return err
}
defer dstFile.Close()
_, err = io.Copy(dstFile, srcFile)
return err
}
func main() {
flag.Parse()
if *suite == "all" && *jsonOutput != "" {
fmt.Printf("To use -json-output flag, select only one test suite with -suite.\n")
os.Exit(1)
}
setWorkingDirectory()
// Clear the target directory.
if err := adb("shell", "rm -Rf /data/local/tmp/boringssl-tmp"); err != nil {
fmt.Printf("Failed to clear target directory: %s\n", err)
os.Exit(1)
}
// Stage everything in a temporary directory.
tmpDir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "boringssl-android")
if err != nil {
fmt.Printf("Error making temporary directory: %s\n", err)
os.Exit(1)
}
defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
var binaries, files []string
if enableUnitTests() {
files = append(files,
"util/all_tests.json",
"BUILDING.md",
)
tests, err := parseTestConfig("util/all_tests.json")
if err != nil {
fmt.Printf("Failed to parse input: %s\n", err)
os.Exit(1)
}
seenBinary := make(map[string]struct{})
for _, test := range tests {
if _, ok := seenBinary[test[0]]; !ok {
binaries = append(binaries, test[0])
seenBinary[test[0]] = struct{}{}
}
for _, arg := range test[1:] {
if strings.Contains(arg, "/") {
files = append(files, arg)
}
}
}
fmt.Printf("Building all_tests...\n")
if err := goTool("build", "-o", filepath.Join(tmpDir, "util/all_tests"), "util/all_tests.go"); err != nil {
fmt.Printf("Error building all_tests.go: %s\n", err)
os.Exit(1)
}
}
if enableSSLTests() {
binaries = append(binaries, "ssl/test/bssl_shim")
files = append(files,
"BUILDING.md",
"ssl/test/runner/cert.pem",
"ssl/test/runner/channel_id_key.pem",
"ssl/test/runner/ecdsa_p224_cert.pem",
"ssl/test/runner/ecdsa_p224_key.pem",
"ssl/test/runner/ecdsa_p256_cert.pem",
"ssl/test/runner/ecdsa_p256_key.pem",
"ssl/test/runner/ecdsa_p384_cert.pem",
"ssl/test/runner/ecdsa_p384_key.pem",
"ssl/test/runner/ecdsa_p521_cert.pem",
"ssl/test/runner/ecdsa_p521_key.pem",
"ssl/test/runner/ed25519_cert.pem",
"ssl/test/runner/ed25519_key.pem",
"ssl/test/runner/key.pem",
"ssl/test/runner/rsa_1024_cert.pem",
"ssl/test/runner/rsa_1024_key.pem",
"ssl/test/runner/rsa_chain_cert.pem",
"ssl/test/runner/rsa_chain_key.pem",
"util/all_tests.json",
)
fmt.Printf("Building runner...\n")
if err := goTool("test", "-c", "-o", filepath.Join(tmpDir, "ssl/test/runner/runner"), "./ssl/test/runner/"); err != nil {
fmt.Printf("Error building runner: %s\n", err)
os.Exit(1)
}
}
fmt.Printf("Copying test binaries...\n")
for _, binary := range binaries {
if err := copyFile(filepath.Join(tmpDir, "build", binary), filepath.Join(*buildDir, binary)); err != nil {
fmt.Printf("Failed to copy %s: %s\n", binary, err)
os.Exit(1)
}
}
fmt.Printf("Copying data files...\n")
for _, file := range files {
if err := copyFile(filepath.Join(tmpDir, file), file); err != nil {
fmt.Printf("Failed to copy %s: %s\n", file, err)
os.Exit(1)
}
}
fmt.Printf("Uploading files...\n")
if err := adb("push", "-p", tmpDir, "/data/local/tmp/boringssl-tmp"); err != nil {
fmt.Printf("Failed to push runner: %s\n", err)
os.Exit(1)
}
var unitTestExit int
if enableUnitTests() {
fmt.Printf("Running unit tests...\n")
unitTestExit, err = adbShell(fmt.Sprintf("cd /data/local/tmp/boringssl-tmp && ./util/all_tests -json-output results.json %s", *allTestsArgs))
if err != nil {
fmt.Printf("Failed to run unit tests: %s\n", err)
os.Exit(1)
}
}
var sslTestExit int
if enableSSLTests() {
fmt.Printf("Running SSL tests...\n")
sslTestExit, err = adbShell(fmt.Sprintf("cd /data/local/tmp/boringssl-tmp/ssl/test/runner && ./runner -json-output ../../../results.json %s", *runnerArgs))
if err != nil {
fmt.Printf("Failed to run SSL tests: %s\n", err)
os.Exit(1)
}
}
if *jsonOutput != "" {
if err := adb("pull", "-p", "/data/local/tmp/boringssl-tmp/results.json", *jsonOutput); err != nil {
fmt.Printf("Failed to extract results.json: %s\n", err)
os.Exit(1)
}
}
if unitTestExit != 0 {
os.Exit(unitTestExit)
}
if sslTestExit != 0 {
os.Exit(sslTestExit)
}
} | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Folk-lore - A Quarterly Review. Volume 14, 1903.djvu/147
Folklore of the Azores. 131
wings, and promised them a fair daughter ; but said that to cure the king of his pride he must not look upon his daughter until she reached the age of twenty, nor must she be seen by any man. The genius added, '' I myself will look after her, and will build for her Seven Cities of marble and ivory. Each day of the week she will inhabit one of them, and she shall have palaces of gold and precious stones. Around them I shall build bronze walls, so high that no man can climb them. When the princess is twenty years old the walls will fall down, and you can then go in and kiss your daughter; but woe to you if you touch those sacred walls before the appointed time." So it happened. A beautiful princess was born, and named Verdazul (Green and Blue). The genius transported her to the Seven Cities of marble and ivory, and here she lived in great splendour, growing in beauty until she reached the age of eighteen. Meanwhile the king's pride had revived. His desires were fanned by his evil genius, and at last he was persuaded that it was insulting to his dignity that he should be prevented from seeing his daughter. So in spite of Queen Brancaroza's remonstances he set out, not deterred by the howling of the wind or the trembling of the ground. He travelled seven days and seven nights, and at last saw before him the bronze walls. Being exhausted he fell asleep, and dreamed of the pleasant sights and sounds inside these ramparts. When he awoke he raised his sword, but the earth trembled, and he hesitated. Urged on, however, by the evil genius, he struck the wall with his sword. Instantly the wall was shattered to bits; the earth opened with flames and thunderings and the whole country went down into the ocean, leaving but a few bits of land here and there. Where the Seven Cities stoop is now this lake, and the marble and ivory palaces are under the water. On stormy nights the ghost of Verdazul is seen to glide over the water. The lake is divided by a causeway into two parts, which keep the memory of Verd- azul by being one blue and one green ; or else, some say
K 2 | WIKI |
A comparison among gamma distribution, intravoxel incoherent motion, and mono-exponential models with turbo spin-echo diffusion-weighted MR imaging in the differential diagnosis of orofacial lesions
Wannakamon Panyarak, Toru Chikui, Kenji Tokumori, Yasuo Yamashita, Takeshi Kamitani, Osamu Togao, Shintaro Kawano, Kazunori Yoshiura
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
Abstract
Objectives: To compare the gamma distribution (GD), intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM), and monoexponential (ME) models in terms of their goodness-of-fit, correlations among the parameters, and the effectiveness in the differential diagnosis of various orofacial lesions. Methods: A total of 85 patients underwent turbo spin-echo diffusion-weighted imaging with six b-values. The goodness-of-fit of three models was assessed using Akaike Information Criterion. We analysed the correlations and compared the effectiveness in the differential diagnosis among the parameters of GD model (κ, shape parameter; θ, scale parameter; fractions of diffusion: ƒ1, cellular component; ƒ2, extracellular diffusion; ƒ3, perfusion component), IVIM model (D, true diffusion coefficient; D*, pseudodiffusion coefficient; f, perfusion fraction), and ME model (apparent diffusion coefficient, ADC). Results: The GD and IVIM models showed a better goodness-of-fit than the ME model (p < 0.05). ƒ1 had strong negative correlations with D and ADC (ρ = -0.901 and -0.937, respectively), while ƒ3 had a moderate positive correlation with f (ρ = 0.661). Malignant entity presented significantly higher ƒ1 and lower D and ADC than benign entity (p < 0.0001). Malignant lymphoma had significantly higher ƒ1 in comparison to squamous cell carcinoma (p = 0.0007) and granulation (p = 0.0075). The trend in ƒ1 was opposite to the trend in D. Malignant lymphoma had significant lower ƒ3 than squamous cell carcinoma (p = 0.005) or granulation (p = 0.0075). Conclusions: The strong correlations were found between the GD- and IVIM-derived parameters. Furthermore, the GD model's parameters were useful for characterising the pathological structure in orofacial lesions.
Original languageEnglish
Article number20200609
JournalDentomaxillofacial Radiology
Volume51
Issue number1
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2022
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
• General Medicine
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Page:God Manifest.djvu/284
and diseases existing with infants and children. For, if mental qualities are inherited, still more manifestly are bodily ones. The diseases under which children suffer, may be divided into two classes, namely, special or peculiar diseases, and general or common diseases. The former are sometimes such as are referable to the hereditary law, and sometimes not. There are, for instance, certain forms of disease existing in particular families, and which are plainly to be traced to parents or grandparents, as consumptive tendencies, scrofula, and many more. But there are others that are consequent upon want of care on the part of parents in reference to their children, as subjecting them to exposures and consequent colds, permitting undue indulgence of appetite, and the like: also, such as come from the direct ill-conduct and evils of parents,—as in the case above referred to, of the mother's milk becoming vitiated through anger and rage. It may be said, in regard to such cases, that it is very hard that the poor infant should suffer for its parent's wrong-doing. But how can such an effect possibly be prevented? It results from the abuse or perverted operation of a good and blessed law of Divine Providence, ordained for man's happiness,—namely, the law of social and family relationship and connection. It was ordained, as before shown, that the hereditary principle should exist, and that men should be brought up, not isolated beings, but in families. This was so ordered, that human happiness might be indefinitely increased by the influence of social and family ties, the affections and good feelings in the heart of each individual not being confined to himself, but being poured out on those immediately about him first, and thence farther | WIKI |
Torrey Mitchell
Torrey Charles Mitchell (born January 30, 1985) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey centre. He was selected in the fourth round, 126th overall, by the San Jose Sharks in the 2004 NHL Entry Draft. Mitchell also previously played for the Minnesota Wild, Buffalo Sabres, Montreal Canadiens, Los Angeles Kings in the National Hockey League (NHL), as well as Lausanne HC of the National League (NL).
Amateur
Mitchell graduated from Selwyn House School and The Hotchkiss School before he attended the University of Vermont. During his Junior year at Vermont, he served as co-captain of the Catamounts. After the Catamounts' 2006–07 season, Mitchell left the school and played in the American Hockey League (AHL) for the Worcester Sharks. On March 31, 2007, Mitchell scored his first AHL goal against the Houston Aeros in a 7–3 victory.
San Jose Sharks
In the summer of 2007, Mitchell attended the San Jose Sharks' training camp, and on October 4, 2007, he played his first NHL game against the Edmonton Oilers. He scored his first NHL goal on November 9, 2007, against Jean-Sébastien Giguère of the rival Anaheim Ducks. During that season, Mitchell spent most of his time playing on the third line with Patrick Rissmiller and Mike Grier, becoming a penalty-killing specialist with the Sharks. Mitchell also became a favourite among Shark fans when he scored a memorable goal in a game against the Ducks. The Sharks were killing a penalty, and Mitchell was able to grab the puck on a breakaway and score on Giguère while defenceman Mathieu Schneider was hooking from behind, even forcing Mitchell to fall on the ice before Mitchell got up and scored the goal. On April 10, 2008, Mitchell scored his first career NHL playoff goal in the second game of the first round series against the Calgary Flames, assisted by Ryane Clowe and Craig Rivet.
On September 21, 2008, during an open team practice, Mitchell was pushed by Brett Westgarth while skating full speed towards the net. He slammed into the right goal post and suffered a complete, non-displaced tibia/fibula fracture, commonly known as a "boot top fracture." The original estimate for his return to the ice was a minimum of two months after the incident. He resumed skating with the Sharks in practice in January 2009. He resumed play with a planned three-game conditioning assignment to the American Hockey League Worcester Sharks on January 16, 2009, but he suffered another injury to the same leg during play on January 18. He missed the remainder of the regular season, later making his season debut in the Sharks third playoff game.
After a 2008–09 season marred by injury, Mitchell became a restricted free agent in the off-season, eventually re-signing with the Sharks on a three-year, $4.1 million contract.
Minnesota Wild
On July 1, 2012, Mitchell signed as a free agent to a three-year contract with the Minnesota Wild. Due to the 2012–13 NHL lockout, however, Mitchell signed a standard contract with the San Francisco Bulls of the ECHL on December 31, 2012. He played his first official game as a Bull two days later and scored the only regulation goal for the team at their home arena, the Cow Palace, in a 2–1 shootout loss.
Buffalo Sabres
On March 5, 2014, Mitchell was traded to the Buffalo Sabres, along with a second-round draft pick in 2014 and a second-round pick in 2016 (traded to Montreal for Josh Gorges), in exchange for Matt Moulson and Cody McCormick. Mitchell finished the season with 2 goals and 10 points in 67 games.
Montreal Canadiens
In the following 2014–15 season, Mitchell was again moved at the NHL trade deadline – he was shipped to the Montreal Canadiens in exchange for Jack Nevins and a seventh-round draft pick in 2016 on March 2, 2015.
On June 15, 2015, Mitchell signed a three-year contract to remain with the Canadiens for a reported $3.6 million.
Los Angeles Kings
During the 2017–18 season, having played in 11 scoreless games in his fourth year within the Canadiens, Mitchell was traded to the Los Angeles Kings in exchange for a conditional fifth-round pick on November 23, 2017. In assuming a checking-line role with the Kings, Mitchell appeared in 49 games, registering 6 goals and 11 points.
Lausanne HC
As a free agent from the Kings, Mitchell opted to embark on a career abroad, agreeing to a one-year contract in Switzerland, worth CHF 700,000 with Lausanne HC of the National League (NL) on July 17, 2018. After only appearing in 28 regular season games (12 points) with Lausanne in 2018/19 and playing for Team Canada in the 2018 Spengler Cup, Mitchell's season came to an abrupt end suffering a career ending concussion in mid-January 2019.
In November 2019, he announced his retirement from professional hockey after receiving a concussion.
Personal life
Mitchell’s father Steve was athletic director of Selwyn House School which Mitchell attended. His mother Sheila was a physical-education instructor at Champlain College Lennoxville. His older brother Josh is a high-school teacher and hockey coach at Heritage Regional High School in St-Hubert.
After retiring from playing professional hockey, Mitchell started a hockey training company and built a facility in Essex, Vermont with former University of Vermont teammate Peter Lenes. Mitchell has had a house in Vermont since 2010. He lives there with his wife Brindy and their three daughters. | WIKI |
Common vole
The common vole (Microtus arvalis) is a European rodent.
Distribution and habitat
The common vole is hardly restricted in means of distribution and habitat and inhabits large areas of Eurasia but, apart from the Orkney vole, not the British Isles, where it is replaced by the related field vole, Microtus agrestis. As Microtus arvalis followed human civilization, primary and secondary habitats can be distinguished. The primary habitats are everything but dense forests, such as meadows, heath lands, and fallow land. The secondary habitats are mainly agricultural fields, where shallow sloped areas are preferred. The natural food of the common vole is grass, but it also feeds on many agricultural crops (within secondary habitats) and here its reproduction is faster than in primary habitats.
Reproduction, demography, and predation
After pregnancy of 16 to 24 days, females give birth to 3 to 8 juveniles, weighing between 1.0 and 3.1 g. Weaning is around the 20th day. Female juveniles can be impregnated from the 13th day after birth. Hence, first birth can be given from the 33rd day. During annual reproduction, which starts in March and ends in October, females usually have three reproductive cycles. The average life span is 4.5 months, which means that most animals die after the last reproduction in October, while the latest offspring in the year survives the winter and starts reproduction the following spring. Weights can reach 51 g in males and 42 g in non-pregnant females. Sex ratio at birth is equal, but becomes female-biased as the animals mature or with increasing population density when the ratio can level off to 3:1 or even 4:1 in favour of females. These ratios depict an intense competition for female mates, which leads to higher mortality and dispersal rates among the males. Population density varies seasonally and exhibits a considerable long-term fluctuation that shows typically three-year or five-year cycles. Densities can range from 100 individuals per ha (very low level) over 500 individuals per ha (medium level) up to 2000 individuals per ha in some years. As reaction females' reproduction can decrease or even stop. Not only influenced by population level, reproduction rate can change with the amount and quality of food and light. Self-regulation (e.g. decrease of reproduction rate) has been addressed to be a response to increased population densities. However, M. arvalis is one of the main food sources of a considerable number of predators in Central Europe. Buzzard, kestrel, long-eared owl, tawny owl, and barn owl are some of the birds that feed on the common vole and so delimit population sizes. Ground-predators are mainly weasel, stoat, adder, polecat, fox and boar.
Territories and nests
M. arvalis maintains aboveground runways, which expand like a railway-system through the entire home range. Voles are seldom seen outside these runways, which enable a faster and safer locomotion and easier orientation. The climbing ability of the common vole is very poor. Underground nests are dug 30-40 cm deep into the ground and are used for food storage, offspring raising, and as a place for rest and sleep. Nests can be shared and defended by up to five females with juveniles that are related in most cases. Females are territorial and an overlap of occupied areas does not occur. Hence, the number of colonies increases with individual number (i.e. population density). As common voles have a polygynous mating system the males do not maintain territories and move as so-called "floaters" between several females' territories in order to mate as often as possible. They can show overlap in territories. These findings are supported by the different home range sizes of males (1200–1500 m2) and females (300–400 m2) that can decrease in both males and females as population density rises. Another response to population growth is to leave the original habitat and move towards another one. Males predominantly conduct dispersal, being most often caused by the competition for mates. | WIKI |
Role of Photosynthetic Acclimation in Protecting Plants from Light Stress
UoM administered thesis: Phd
• Authors:
• Mohd Karim
Abstract
It has previously been shown that dynamic acclimation of photosynthesis is essential to increase plantsâ fitness under variable light environments. Acclimation can be defined as a process where organisms adjust gene expression, protein synthesis and metabolic properties to accustom or become accustomed to a new environment and to improve resource use efficiency and fitness. In previous study, acclimation is mediated by a glucose-6-phosphate/phosphate translocator, GPT2. This study examined whether plants lacking GPT2, which are defective in acclimation to increased light, are more susceptible to oxidative stress. To understand this, we used the model plant of Arabidopsis thaliana (accession Wassilewskija (Ws-2)) and compared this to mutants lacking GPT2. Plants were grown at low light (100 μmol mâ2 sâ1) and high light (400 μmol mâ2 sâ1) for 7 weeks. For acclimation experiments, a set of plants from low light was transferred to 400 μmol mâ2 sâ1 for 7 days. Subsequently, plants were exposed to a sudden shock with 1000 μmol mâ2 sâ1 for up to 2 hours. To evaluate acclimation to naturally variable conditions, an experiment was performed in a glasshouse throughout the winter season 2015/2016. Transcriptomic and proteomic from growth room studies showed that gpt2 plants induced more stress related genes relative to WT. Biochemical and physiological analyses also showed that the gpt2 plants had significantly greater activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), total peroxidase (GPOX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and significantly lower values of Fv/Fm. Meanwhile, in glasshouse experiments, gpt2 plants had a lower photosynthetic capacity than the WT. This study concludes that acclimation to HL is necessary to protect plants from oxidative stress as well as to promote better tolerance when grown in fluctuating light and temperature in the glasshouse.
Details
Original languageEnglish
Awarding Institution
Supervisors/Advisors
Award date31 Dec 2018 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Shading between two lines – ggplot
[This article was first published on Matt's Stats n stuff » R, and kindly contributed to R-bloggers]. (You can report issue about the content on this page here)
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First one to say geom_ribbon loses. I was plotting some data for a colleague, had two lines (repeated experiment) per person (time on the x axis) facetted by id, I thought it’d be nice to shade the area between the two lines so that when they were deviating you’d see a large shaded area, and when they were close there would be little shading, just to aid the visual of the separation between repeats. I thought this would be trival, and geom_ribbon would do the trick, alas, some of the lines crossed so that didn’t pan out. Ignoring the ‘experiment/order’ variable and reordering the data to track the max and min values at each time point doesn’t work, because when they cross you end up with a box around the cross, rather the inside region being shaded.
I did think this would have been done before, but I couldn’t find anything that resuable. There was this blog post but like user Aniko mentioned in the comments, that was essentially finding the midpoints by hand, which seemed a bit clumsy (not saying the below is any better). Aniko’s solution used a package gpclib to create polygons for each block of colour, which was about where I got to when looking for a ggplot strategy. I played around a bit and couldn’t get the gpc.poly data to work with ggplot, so put together a couple of small functions to essentially do the same thing.
So here’s the code and output.
# load data
library(ggplot2)
library(RCurl)
library(gridExtra)
library(plyr)
theme_set(theme_bw())
dat <-read.csv(textConnection(getURL("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nzcoops/datasets/master/shading_two_lines")))
h(dat)
## id order time bgl
## 1 AB 1 -30 6.17
## 2 AB 1 -20 6.33
## 3 AB 1 -10 6.50
## 4 AB 1 0 6.61
## 5 AB 1 10 7.44
## 6 AB 1 20 7.28
# this block is run within each person essentially it creates a duplicate of
# all rows bar the first and last two and adds a grouping variable to the
# end that way every 4 rows are will be the coords for a polygon
mperson <-function(x) {
x <-x[order(x$time), ]
y <-x[-c(1, 2, nrow(x) -1, nrow(x)), ]
x <-rbind(x, y)
x <-x[order(x$time), ]
x$group <-rep(letters[1:(nrow(x)/4)], each = 4)
return(x)
}
dat2 <-ddply(dat, .(id), mperson)
h(dat)
## id order time bgl
## 1 AB 1 -30 6.17
## 2 AB 1 -20 6.33
## 3 AB 1 -10 6.50
## 4 AB 1 0 6.61
## 5 AB 1 10 7.44
## 6 AB 1 20 7.28
# this block is run within each person and 'block (group)' of 4 rows (each
# polygon) essentially this is to get the rows in the correct order, so that
# the geom_polygon function can work clockwise to construct the polygons the
# correct way
mgroup <-function(x) {
x <-x[order(x$bgl), ]
left <-x[x$time ==min(x$time), ]
right <-x[x$time ==max(x$time), ]
if (all(left$order ==right$order)) {
left <-left[order(left$bgl, decreasing = T), ]
right <-right[order(right$bgl, decreasing = F), ]
return(rbind(left, right))
} else {
return(x[order(x$time), ])
}
}
dat2 <-ddply(dat2, .(id, group), mgroup)
h(dat)
## id order time bgl
## 1 AB 1 -30 6.17
## 2 AB 1 -20 6.33
## 3 AB 1 -10 6.50
## 4 AB 1 0 6.61
## 5 AB 1 10 7.44
## 6 AB 1 20 7.28
And here’s the plot
ggplot(dat, aes(x = time, y = bgl, group = order)) +geom_line(aes(colour = factor(order))) +
geom_point(aes(colour = factor(order))) +geom_polygon(data = dat2, aes(y = bgl,
group = group), alpha = 0.3) +facet_wrap(~id)
shading_plot1
I wrote this post in RStudio using the R Markdown language and then knitr to turn in into markdown (.md), and then pandoc to turn it into html. The original file is available here on github.
system(“pandoc -s shading_between_the_lines.md -o shading_between_the_lines.html”)
As an aside, the mgroup function might seem like overkill, but it was a bit tricky, as when the lines cross you have to be careful to get the right ‘hourglass’ orientation, either vertical or horizontal.
dat <-data.frame(x = c(10, 10, 20, 20), y = c(3, 4, 5, 2), order = c(1, 2,
1, 2))
a <-ggplot(dat, aes(x = x, y = y)) +geom_line(aes(group = order)) +geom_point(aes(group = order)) +
geom_polygon(aes(x = x, y = y), fill = "red", alpha = 0.2)
dat <-data.frame(x = c(10, 10, 20, 20), y = c(3, 4, 2, 5), order = c(1, 2,
1, 2))
b <-ggplot(dat, aes(x = x, y = y)) +geom_line(aes(group = order)) +geom_point(aes(group = order)) +
geom_polygon(aes(x = x, y = y), fill = "red", alpha = 0.2)
dat <-data.frame(x = c(10, 20, 10, 20), y = c(3, 4, 5, 2), order = c(1, 2,
2, 1))
c <-ggplot(dat, aes(x = x, y = y)) +geom_line(aes(group = order)) +geom_point(aes(group = order)) +
geom_polygon(aes(x = x, y = y), fill = "red", alpha = 0.2)
grid.arrange(a, b, c, nrow = 1)
shading_plot2
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Kedah Sultanate
The Kedah Sultanate (كسلطانن قدح) is a Muslim dynasty located in the Malay Peninsula. It was originally an independent state, but became a British protectorate in 1909. Its monarchy was abolished after it was added to the Malayan Union but was restored and added to the Malayan Union's successor, the Federation of Malaya.
Quotes
* We lack authoritative contemporary external sources on the adoption of Islam by the Indonesian states from the end of the thirteenth century on wards. However, the conversions were naturally not ignored by the indigenous chroniclers and it was thought worth while to gather together some of the material which these chroniclers have to offer, and to present it as far as possible in their own words; the value of these accounts lies in the fact that they are indigenous, that they are the products of the same cultural tradition, not so much in their worth as “history” in the Western sense.... ...it might be prudent to content ourselves with the statement that the conversion of Kedah would have taken place in the latter half of the fifteenth century. The conversion myth for Kedah is recorded in a Malay text called the Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa. This is known only from comparatively late manuscripts—late nineteenth century—and the available published Malay romanized version derives from a manuscript copied as late as 1898.11 Butan English translation was published half a century earlier,19 from a Malay manuscript that must have existed in about 1821 A.D.20 The following has been adapted and paraphrased from the Malay text: ...“ ’What religion do you and your people in this country of Kedah follow?’ asked Shaikh Abdullah. ’Our religion,’ replied the king, ’is what the men of old handed down to us—we all worship idols.’ Replied Shaikh Abdullah ‘Then you and your subjects must be informed that this is the era of the religion of the Prophet Muhammad, Apostle of God of the present time. We, the later communities to whom religion has been revealed, must all uphold the religion of Islam in accordance with the Qur’an which was revealed by God (Praise be to Him the Exalted) to his Apostle the Prophet Muhammad, Apostle of God in the city of Mecca (and whose tomb is at Medina); for the former faiths were false and untrue. My lord must understand that it was owing to false faiths that the devil was able to come and cause trouble.’ Pra Ong Mahawangsa requested to be taught about the true religion of Islam. “This delighted Shaikh Abdullah. He embraced and kissed the ruler, and they conversed. He taught the ruler the creed: ’I testify that there is no god but Allah alone, nothing is to be associated with Him, and I testify that Muhammad is His servant and His apostle.’ Pra Ong Mahawangsa recited this, and forthwith ordered his vessels of liquor to be fetched and poured out on to the ground, till none was left. He ordered that his idols of gold and silver, porcelain, wood and clay, human figures, be brought and piled up before them. With an axe and a sword Shaikh Abdullah proceeded to smash them to smithereens, after which they were burnt.
* R Jones, Ten Conversion Myths from Indonesia, in Nehemia Levtzion - Conversion To Islam (1979, Holmes & Meier Publishers) - page 138-42 | WIKI |
Romblon
Romblon, officially the Province of Romblon, is an archipelagic province of the Philippines located in the Mimaropa region. Its main components include Romblon, Romblon, an archipelagic municipality of the same name that also serves as the provincial capital; Tablas, the largest island, covering nine municipalities; Sibuyan with its three towns; as well as the smaller island municipalities of Corcuera, Banton, Concepcion, San Jose. The province lies south of Marinduque and Quezon, east of Oriental Mindoro, north of Aklan and Capiz, and west of Masbate. According to the 2020 census, it has a total population of 308,985.
Romblon was inhabited by aboriginal Filipinos prior to the arrival of the Spanish in 1569. Archaeological artifacts recovered by the National Museum in 1936 indicate that the aborigines of Romblon have a rich and advanced culture. During the Spanish colonial rule, Romblon was initially administered under the province of Arevalo (Iloilo) until 1716, when it was transferred to the jurisdiction of the newly created province of Capiz. With arrival of the Americans in 1901, Romblon was declared a province and placed under civilian rule. It lost its provincial status for a short while between 1907 and 1945, but regained it in 1946, just after World War II.
The inhabitants of Romblon are divided into three ethnolinguistic groups: Romblomanon, Onhan and Asi. These groups occupy specific islands in the province and have their own language and customs. Romblomanon is mainly spoken in the town of Romblon, in all of three towns of Sibuyan Island, and the town of San Agustin in Tablas. Onhan is mainly spoken in the municipalities in the southern part of Tablas (Alcantara, Looc, Ferrol, Santa Fe, San Andres, and Santa Maria), as well as in the island municipality of San Jose. The northwestern part of Tablas Island (in Odiongan and Calatrava, as well as the islands municipalities of Corcuera, Banton, and Concepcion), speaks the Asi language.
The province relies on agriculture, particularly rice and copra farming as well as fishing, for its livelihood. It also has a lucrative marble industry due to an abundance of Italian-quality marble, hence, its moniker as the "Marble Capital of the Philippines." The islands of the province have a number of white sand beaches, diving spots, mountains and rainforests that tourists visit. Sibuyan island is an ecotourism destination, having been dubbed by some as "the Galápagos of Asia" because it has remained in isolation from the rest of the world since its formation.
Etymology
According to legend, the name "Romblon" was derived from the Romblomanon word Nagalumyom, which pertains to a chicken in the act of sitting on its eggs on a nest. This eventually evolved to Lomlom, and later on to Donblon, the name reported by Spanish chronicler Miguel de Loarca in his book Relacion de las Islas Filipinas in 1582, before finally evolving to Romblon.
Meanwhile, local historians Roland Madeja and Evelyn Reyes relate the origin of the name "Romblon" to the shape of Romblon Island. Madeja claims that the name was derived from the Spanish word ronblon, another term for tornillo, meaning "screw." According to him, the Spanish claimed to have observed the screw-like shape of Romblon Island. Meanwhile, Reyes claims Romblon originated from "doubloon", which refers to the Spanish coin used by Moro pirates in paying dowries for their brides-to-be. The Spanish might have named the island after the shape of the coin.
Early history
Romblon's aboriginal inhabitants were the Negritos from Panay and Mangyans from Mindoro, who settled in the islands during the precolonial period. Ancient wooden coffins discovered in the Guyangan Cave System of Banton Island in 1936 signify a rich ancient civilization and culture in the province before the arrival of the Spaniards in 1569. These artifacts are currently on display at the National Museum in Manila. Remnants of Negrito and Mangyan aborigines now live in the mountains of Tablas and Sibuyan after they were displaced by the influx of Hiligaynon, Aklanon, Bicolano and Tagalog migrants as early as 1870.
Spanish colonial era
According to historians Emma Helen Blair and James Alexander Robertson, the Spanish arrived in Romblon in 1569 led by conquistador Martin de Goiti who was dispatched by Miguel López de Legazpi to explore the western and northern portion of the Visayas region including Romblon and Mindoro. The islands were later organized into three encomiendas and were administered from Arevalo. De Loarca visited Romblon in 1582 and conducted the first census of the islands.
In 1635, Augustinian Recollect missionaries arrived in Romblon to establish Catholic missions and settlements. They helped the Spanish authorities establish peace and order in the islands. In 1868, they established seven missionary centers at Romblon, Badajoz (San Agustin), Cajidiocan, Banton, Looc, Odiongan and Magallanes (Magdiwang). They also built massive forts, churches and watchtowers in the province, such as Fort San Jose in Banton and Fort San Andres in Romblon, following a Dutch attack in 1646 which destroyed the capital town and to repulse recurring Moro raids.
Romblon was separated from the jurisdiction of Arevalo and annexed to Capiz, when the province was created in 1716. More than a century later in 1850, the inhabitants of the province began using Spanish family names after governor-general Narciso Clavería decreed on 21 November 1849 the use of surnames from the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos. Asi-speaking natives were assigned the letter F, Romblomanon speakers were assigned the letter M, speakers of the Sibuyanon style of Romblomanon were assigned the letter R, while Onhan-speaking natives were assigned the letter G.
In 1853, the islands were organized into a politico-military comandancia ("sub-province" in English) administered from Capiz and continued to be so until the end of the Spanish rule in 1898. As a sub-province, Romblon was under an army officer with the rank of captain. The town of Romblon was its capital and the other municipalities were Azagra, Badajos (now San Agustin), Banton, Cajidiocan, Corcuera, Looc, Magallanes (now Magdiwang), Odiongan, Despujols (now San Andres) and Santa Fe.
Philippine revolution
In 1898, amid the Philippine Revolution, Katipunan leader Emilio Aguinaldo sent his generals to several provinces in the Visayas to expand the recognition of his revolutionary government in the central and southern Philippines. The Katipunan general Mariano Riego de Dios and his forces liberated Romblon, while generals Ananias Diocno and Leandro Fullon proceeded to Panay. On 25 July the same year, Riego de Dios took the Romblon capital and captured Spanish officials. Four days later, the Spanish politico-military governor Don Carlos Mendoza formally signed the surrender of Romblon's district government, ending more than three hundred years of Spanish rule in the archipelagic province.
Later, Don Wenceslao Molo, a local from Romblon town, was appointed governor and became responsible for the collection of a total amount of ₱22,765.21, Romblon's share to the war expenditures of the Revolutionary Government from 31 May 1898 to 28 February 1899. A local election was also held in Romblon town for its ministers of justice and barrio officials. However, Molo's term was a brief transition to another era as the Americans arrived in the province a few months later.
American colonial era
Upon the restoration of peace and order in the province following the Philippine–American War, the Americans established civilian government in the islands on 16 March 1901. Romblon was created as a regular province in the same year but due to insufficient income, it became a sub-province of Capiz again from 15 July 1907 until 22 February 1918, when Act No. 2724 reestablished the province. Under Commonwealth Act No. 581, enacted without executive approval on 8 June 1940, the province was reorganized with four towns or municipalities, namely: Tablas (composed of Odiongan, Looc, and Badajoz), Romblon (including the islands of Logbon, Cobrador and Alad), Maghali (comprising Banton, Corcuera, and Concepcion), and Sibuyan (composed of the towns of Cajidiocan, Magdiwang and San Fernando).
Japanese occupation era
During World War II, the Japanese Imperial Forces established a garrison in Romblon on 21 March 1942 which they maintained until the end of the war. The islands became one of the centers of resistance movement against the Japanese. The movement was led by the Free Panay Guerilla Forces composed of members from the 6th Military District under the direction of Col. Macario Peralta, Jr. One of the major naval engagements during the Battle of Leyte Gulf, the Battle of Sibuyan Sea, happened off the waters of Romblon on 23–24 October 1944 between Japanese Admiral Kurita’s fleet from Singapore and Admiral Halsey's carrier planes from the US Third Fleet then stationed east of the Philippines. Units from Company C of the 19th Infantry Regiment, 24th Infantry Division landed on Sawang, Romblon on the night 11 March 1945. By 18 March, the province was liberated from Japanese forces.
Philippine independence
On July 4, 1946, the United States relinquished sovereignty over the Philippines and recognized the Republic of the Philippines as a sovereign and independent nation with the signing of the Treaty of General Relations and Protocol by representatives of the United States and Republic of the Philippines.
On 1 October 1946, Congress passed Republic Act No. 38, sponsored by Cong. Modesto Formilleza, which abolished the four special municipalities and restored Romblon and its municipalities to its pre-war status. In the decades that followed, the province saw the creation of new municipalities, such as Alcantara (1961) from Looc, Calatrava (1969) from San Agustin, Ferrol (1978) from Odiongan, and Santa Maria (1984) from San Agustin.
Romblon, which is historically and geographically part of the Western Visayas Region, is made politically part of the Southern Tagalog Region (Region IV) in the gerrymandering of the Philippines by Ferdinand Marcos on 1972. When Southern Tagalog was divided into Calabarzon and Mimaropa, upon the issuance of Executive Order No. 103 by then-President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo dated May 17, 2002, Romblon was made part of Mimaropa, officially Southwestern Tagalog Region.
Geography
Romblon is strategically situated at the center of the Philippine archipelago. Geographically part of the Visayas, it is composed of three major islands (Tablas, Sibuyan and Romblon) and 17 smaller islands. It is surrounded by deep waters, and is bounded by Masbate in the east, Mindoro in the west, Marinduque in the north and Panay in the south. It is approximately 187 nmi and 169 mi south of Manila. The islands are dispersed and accessible only via sea transportation except for Tablas Island where a domestic airport is located in the municipality of Alcantara.
Topography
The province has a total land area of approximately 1,533.45 sqkm representing about 5.3 percent of the total land area of Region IV-B Mimaropa. It is generally mountainous with about 40 percent of its land area having an inclination of more than 50 percent. Only four percent of the total area has an inclination of three to eight percent, while a sparse 10 percent has an inclination of three to zero percent. Narrow strips of coastal lowlands, low hills and plains typify the topography of some of the islands.
Romblon Island is hilly with a maximum elevation of about 400 m above sea level. Tablas Island shows varied relief characteristics. The western coastal areas are level to undulating while the eastern coastal areas are rough to rugged. The southern section covering Santa Fe and the mid-western portion may be described as having rolling to rough terrain. Extremely rugged areas can be found in the central section of the island. The highest elevation is almost 500 m above sea level. Sibuyan Island is a thickly forested mountain mass. The western portion of the island may be characterized as extensively rugged, having ascents of 60 percent or more while the eastern section is relatively undulating to rolling. The highest elevation, the peak of Mt. Guiting-Guiting, reaches about 2,058 meters (6,750 feet) above sea level.
The major areas that are highly productive and buildable are basically in Tablas and Sibuyan. These include Odiongan, San Andres, Looc and Santa Fe in Tablas Island. All three municipalities in Sibuyan Island, on the other hand, have substantial level to gently sloping lands. Overall, good developable lands represent about 13 percent of the province's total area.
Flora and fauna
Romblon, particularly Sibuyan Island, is among the few places in the Philippines with a well-preserved natural environment. Uninterrupted rainforest covers 75 percent of the island. It is also home to the country's cleanest inland body of water, the Cantigas River, as well as 34 waterfalls. Sibuyan is commonly known the country as the "Galapagos of Asia" because of its many endemic plant and animal species, some of which have just been discovered recently. Among these endemic species are nine mammals, seven lizards, two amphibians, three birds and 112 vascular plants, such as the Nepenthes argentii, Nepenthes sibuyanensis, Nepenthes armin, Sibuyan striped shrew rat, Sibuyan shrew, Philippine tube-nosed fruit bat, indigo-banded kingfisher, and the Romblon hawk-owl. In Tablas Island, at least two endemic bird species can be found: the Tablas drongo and Tablas fantail.
Administrative divisions
Romblon comprises 17 municipalities. Of these, nine are located in Tablas Island (San Agustin, Calatrava, San Andres, Odiongan, Ferrol, Santa Fe, Looc, Alcantara and Santa Maria), three in Sibuyan Island (Magdiwang, Cajidiocan and San Fernando) and five (Romblon, San Jose, Banton, Concepcion and Corcuera) are island municipalities.
Climate
Romblon falls under Type III of the Corona climatic classification system which was devised in 1920. It is characterized by no pronounced wet and dry seasons. Generally, the wet season is from June to November and sometimes extends up to December when the southwest monsoon is predominant. The dry season is from January to May but is sometimes interrupted by erratic rainfall. The annual mean temperature is 27 C, with February as the coldest month with temperatures dropping to 20 C, and May as the warmest month with temperatures reaching up to 35 C. Habagat monsoon winds pass through the province from June to October while northeasterly winds or Amihan blows through the islands from December to February.
Demographics
The population of Romblon in the 2020 census was 308,985 people, with a density of undefined PD/km2, ranking it fourth among the five provinces of Mimaropa in terms of population with 9.9 percent of the region's population.
San Jose and Romblon are the two most-densely populated municipalities in the province at 490/km2 and 450/km2, respectively. Cajidiocan is the least densely populated municipality at 110/km2.
Males outnumber females in the province with a sex ratio of 102:100 according to the 2010 census. Of the province's 283,482 household population, males accounted for 144,091 or 50.8 percent while females made up 139,391 or 49.2 percent. The voting-age population (18 years old and over) accounted for 56.6 percent of the household population of the province in 2010, up from 52.7 percent in 2000. There were more females (50.2 percent) than males (49.8 percent) among the voting age population.
Language
The languages of Romblon, as well as all languages native to the Philippines, belong to the Austronesian language family, the second largest language family in the world with 1,257 known languages, second only to the Niger–Congo family's 1,538 languages. All of the languages of the Philippines, except Samalan, are classified as Philippine languages under the Western Malayo-Polynesian branch of Austronesian. The Philippine language group has three main branches: Northern, Southern and Central, the latter of which is composed of the Bisayan, Bikol and Tagalog languages.
Unlike other islands or provinces in the Philippines where all local languages are classifiable under the same subgroup of languages, each of the three languages of Romblon — Romblomanon, Onhan and Asi — actually belongs to a different subgroup of the Visayan language group. Romblomanon belongs to the Central Visayan subgroup, which spans from Waray-Waray in Samar and Leyte, through Masbatenyo and Sorsoganon, and as far west as Hiligaynon and Capiznon on Panay. It is spoken in Romblon and Sibuyan Islands, as well as in the municipality of San Agustin in Tablas Island.
Onhan, on the other hand, belongs to the Western Visayan subgroup, which includes Kinaray-a and Aklanon, as well as several minor languages spoken on Mindoro, Palawan, and some small islands in between. Its speakers are mainly from the southern portion of Tablas Island, in the municipalities of San Andres, Santa Maria, Alcantara, Ferrol, Looc, and Santa Fe, as well as in the municipality of San Jose in Carabao Island. Finally, Asi is not classified under any specific subgroup of Visayan, and instead makes up its own immediate branch of Visayan. David Paul Zorc, a linguist from the Australian National University whose expertise is on Philippine languages, notes that Asi speakers may have been the first Visayan speakers in the region. He also suggests that Asi may have a Cebuano substratum and that many of its words may have been influenced by the later influx of other languages such as Romblomanon. It is spoken in the island municipalities of Banton, Corcuera and Concepcion, as well as in Odiongan and Calatrava in Tablas. Hiligaynon is spoken in municipalities near Capiz and Aklan. As Romblon is part of Mimaropa which is also known as Southwestern Tagalog Region, provincial settlers speak Tagalog/Filipino as lingua franca between different Visayan languages.
Religion
The people of the province are predominantly Roman Catholic. In 2012, the UP School of Economics reported that 75 percent of households were Catholic (Roman Catholic and Iglesia Filipina Independiente combined), 9 percent were Muslim and 3-5 percent belonged to Iglesia ni Cristo. Another governmental source reported in 2011 that Mainline Protestants and Evangelicals then formed a significant minority of up to 8% of the population.
Economy
Romblon used to be one of the poorest provinces in the Philippines until 2015 when it recorded lower poverty incidence of 38.63 percent, according to the Philippine Statistics Authority. Poverty incidence in the province further declined to 28.28 percent in 2018. The provincial economy is heavily reliant on agriculture, tourism and mineral extraction which can be greatly affected by typhoons the frequently pass through the province yearly.
Agriculture
Agriculture is the main industry in Romblon. Coconut is the most cultivated crop with a total planted area of 58,270.44 ha. San Agustin has the most extensive area with coconut plants followed by Romblon and Cajidiocan. Rice is the next crop, cultivated particularly in Odiongan, Looc, Cajidiocan and Santa Fe. Other crops grown include root crops, vegetables and fruits. Odiongan, Banton and Magdiwang have the greatest areas planted with root crops and correspondingly, have the highest volume of production. Vegetable production is mostly for home consumption and grown in small scale.
Livestock development and poultry production is a viable small scale enterprise for farmers in the province. The provincial government maintains breeding facilities in strategic locations province-wide to encourage farmers to engage in livestock and poultry production to augment their income. Livestock and poultry management training and seminars is provided to interested clients.
Due to the geographical condition of the province, crops and livestock production is generally deficient as compared to the food requirements of Romblon population. To meet the rice requirements, Romblon relies on imports from the neighboring provinces while vegetables, poultry meat, vegetables and fruits are supplied mostly by Luzon.
Marine resources
Fishing industry is a major enterprise as Romblon is surrounded by water on all sides. The fishing grounds of Romblon are a migratory path of fish from Sulu and Visayan Seas passing Tablas Strait, Sibuyan Sea and Romblon Pass. The waters also abound with demersal fish due to the coral reefs surrounding the islands.
Because the province has a great potential for aqua-marine development, the province implemented a coastal and resource management program. Each municipality established a fish sanctuary and passed laws on fishery. The use of air compressors in the municipal waters was regulated and banned altogether in some municipalities.
Mineral resources
Marble is the most significant mineral deposit of Romblon and is the most renowned product of the province. Based on statistics, Romblon is the second biggest provincial marble producer of the country next to Bulacan. Romblon marble is of very high quality and comes in shades of white, green, pink, red and black. The Mines and Geosciences Bureau has estimated that Romblon is endowed with about 150 million metric tons of marble. At current rates of extraction, the supply may last for three more centuries. Tablas Island is also believed to have vast reserves of marble.
Marble quarrying and processing are major activities in Romblon. Among the most common marble products are categorized into the following: novelty items (gifts, ashtray, table bars), furniture (dining tables, baptismal fonts) and construction materials (tiles, balusters, marble chips). Other mineral resources with considerable quantity include nickel ore and gold mostly to be found in Sibuyan Island. Gold panning and small-scale mining is a lucrative undertaking in Magdiwang.
Natural attractions
Being an archipelago, Romblon has numerous beaches and dive sites. Among its best white sand beaches are Bonbon, Cobrador and Tiamban Beach in Romblon, Macat-ang, Tabunan and Tambak Beach in Banton, Lunas and Bignay Beach in San Jose, and Cresta del Gallo in San Fernando. The sea surrounding Cresta del Gallo is a famous diving site teeming with marine life. Romblon is also home to the only known blue hole in the Philippines in the town of San Agustin. The entrance to the blue hole is a 6 m wide volcanic chimney, which drops for 20 m before opening up into the massive chamber below with a total depth of 32 to(-).
Mount Guiting-Guiting in Sibuyan, the province's tallest mountain, is considered one of the most difficult climbs in the Philippines, and is thus a major destination of local mountain climbers because of its steep and jagged summit. Another a suitable place for hiking and trekking is Mount Payaopao is Tablas. Meanwhile, Banton's Guyangan Cave System, an Important Cultural Treasure, is where the Banton Cloth — the earliest known warp ikat textile in Southeast Asia — was found in 1936.
Heritage sites
Aside from the precolonial Guyangan Cave System in Banton, the province also has several heritage sites built during the Spanish colonial period. In Romblon town, the forts of San Andres and Santiago served as fortifications against Muslim pirates in the 17th century, while the St. Joseph Cathedral and Belfry houses a centuries-old image of the Santo Niño de Cebú or the Holy Child. Both heritage sites were declared National Cultural Treasures by the National Museum. The town also has colonial-era bridges that were declared Important Cultural Treasures. A similar fort in Banton, the centuries-old Fort San Jose and Banton Church, were built in the 1600s and was also used as defenses against Muslim pirates.
Festivals
Every second week of January, Romblon town celebrates the feast of the Santo Niño de Cebú, also known as the Biniray Festival. In that week, a fluvial parade featuring the image of the Santo Niño goes around Romblon Bay in order to bring good luck to the villages. A Mardi Gras is also held in the town with various street dancing, food, drinks and music. A similar Biniray Festival also occurs in Banton every 10 September in commemoration of the island's patron, San Nicolas de Tolentino. Other festivals include the Saginyogan Festival in Alcantara, the Sanrokan Festival in Banton, and Looc's Talabukon Festival, which honors the giant genie-like epic hero, Talabukon, who saved the people from pirates.
Scuba diving
In recent years Romblon Island has attracted more scuba divers. It has pristine and untouched reefs with almost undisturbed hard and soft corals around the islands of Romblon, Logbon, Alad and Cobrador. With multiple marine sanctuaries and private associations most of the marine life around Romblon is protected. In addition to the reefs, Romblon has been becoming famous for its rare and unique macro habitat, such as the Melibe colemani, the Cyerce nigra and the Cyerce bourbonica.
Executive
Just like any other province in the Philippines, Romblon's chief executive and head is the provincial governor. Elected to a term of three years and limited to three consecutive terms, he or she appoints the directors of each provincial department, which include the office of administration, engineering office, information office, legal office, and treasury office. As of 30 June 2019, the incumbent governor of Romblon is Jose "Otik" Riano, from the PDPLBN. He was elected in 2013 as vice-governor and reelected in 2016.
The provincial vice governor performs duties as acting governor in the absence of the provincial governor. He or she also automatically succeeds as governor upon the death of the provincial governor. The provincial vice governor also convenes the Provincial Board or Sangguniang Panlalawigan, the provincial legislative body. The incumbent provincial vice governor of Romblon is Felix Ylagan from the LAKAS. He is a grandson of the late governor of the same province, Perpetuo Ylagan.
Legislative
The province, which is a lone congressional district, is represented in the Philippine House of Representatives by longtime Representative Eleandro Jesus "Budoy" Madrona from the Nacionalista Party. He first assumed office from 1992 to 2001, serving three terms. Following two terms wherein Perpetuo Ylagan and Eduardo Firmalo respectively represented the district in Congress, Madrona ran and won again in 2007. His third and last term will expire in 2016.
Within the province, the Provincial Board or Sangguniang Panlalawigan crafts all provincial ordinances, performs appropriation of provincial funds, issues franchises and permits, impose fees on provincial services, and exercise other duties and powers as stipulated by the Local Government Code of 1991. Romblon, being a third-class province in terms of income, is entitled to a Provincial Board composed of eight members, four each from the province's two board districts. , the incumbent board members from the province's two districts are: (First District) Samuel Romero, Anthony Rugas, Abner Perez, Nelson Lim; (Second District) Felix Ylagan, Juliet Fiel, Venizar Maravilla, and Andres Fondevilla.
Provincial seal
Romblon's provincial seal is composed of two concentric circles: A smaller blue circle over a larger white circle. The white circle forms a band, with the words Lalawigan ng Romblon (Province of Romblon) on top and Pilipinas (Philippines) on the bottom each written in semi-circular fashion. The blue circle symbolizes Romblon's geography as an archipelago surrounded by sea. On the middle of the blue circle is the province's designated five-sided white shield. At the center of the shield are 17 green human figures that appear to be linking arms. These symbolize the 17 municipalities that make up the province. Its green color represents the island's ecological and agricultural resources.
The human figures form a circle surrounding five figures: A marble craftsman and a marble almirez (mortar and pestle), representing the province's marble industry. On its left side is the image of a fish, representing the province's fishing industry, and on its right side is a coconut, representing the province's copra industry. Behind the craftsman is a green outline of a mountain, representing Mount Guiting-Guiting National Park, a protected nature reserve where the province's tallest mountain is located. Behind the mountain is a rising sun, similar to the sun found on the Philippine flag, representing the Divine Providence of abundant natural resources.
Transportation
Romblon province is connected by a network of national and provincial roads. National roads form much of this network, with a total length of 311.046 km. Provincial roads, meanwhile, total 239.005 km in length. Municipal and barangay roads in far-flung villages and island municipalities are not part of these figures. The primary modes of land transportation in the province are jeepneys, passenger motorcycles, minibuses and tricycles that serve inter-municipal movements and linkages.
Sea transportation is the primary mode of transportation linking Romblon with Luzon and islands in the Visayas. Inter-island ferries, RORO, and cargo ships from Manila, the southern Luzon ports of Batangas City, Lucena City in Quezon province, Roxas, Oriental Mindoro, and Roxas City in Capiz province are the primary modes of transportation linking the province to the rest of the country. Montenegro Lines, 2GO, and Romblon Shipping Lines all have ferry service from Manila to the main ports of entry of Odiongan and the capital town of Romblon and vice versa. From Romblon, Montenegro also serves Magdiwang in Sibuyan, while Romblon Shipping Lines also serves Cajidiocan. Pump boats and wooden launches also link the province to the towns of Buenavista, Marinduque and Pinamalayan, Oriental Mindoro. These pump boats are also used in going to barangays where there are no existing road networks or between municipalities in the province that do not have existing ferry service.
Tugdan Airport in Alcantara is the only airport in the province and is less than an hour away from Metro Manila. Philippine Airlines, the country's flag carrier, used to fly thrice a week (Sunday, Wednesday and Friday ) to the airport via its budget carrier, PAL Express, but has ceased as of 1 September 2016 due to transfer of some of its flights to Clark International Airport in Pampanga. , only AirSWIFT had flights to the airport, with two flights weekly from Manila. At Barangay Azagra, San Fernando in Sibuyan Island, there is also a small airstrip that caters to tourism and general aviation.
Electricity
Power supply in Romblon is generated by the National Power Corporation (NPC) and serviced by two electric cooperatives. Tablas Island Electric Cooperative (TIELCO) serves the power needs of Tablas Island including San Jose. It operates a 5.070 MW diesel power plant in Odiongan and 1.740 MW power barge in San Agustin. The electric cooperative serves a total of 21,097 house connections. In 2013, TIELCO has entered into a 15-year power supply agreement with Sunwest Water and Electric Company (SUWECO) to fill the island's energy needs. In 2015, SUWECO opened a diesel power plant in Barangay Batiano, Odiongan, which supplies TIELCO with 8.8 MW of electricity. In 2019, TIELCO and SUWECO inaugurated the 7.5 MW peak Tumingad Solar Power Plant in Odiongan. The two power plants supply electricity to the towns of Odiongan, San Andres, Calatrava, San Agustin, Santa Maria, Santa Fe, Alcantara, Looc, and Ferrol in Tablas. Likewise, TIELCO supplies electricity to San Jose and has recently held the bidding for the competitive selection process (CSP) for a new power provider to the island municipality.
Romblon Electric Cooperative (ROMELCO) supplies electricity to the capital town of Romblon through a 1.720 MW diesel power plant and a 1.30 MW power barge. It also serves Sibuyan Island using a 3.006 MW diesel power plant in San Fernando. ROMELCO has 5,288 house connections in Romblon and 5,150 house connections in the three municipalities located in Sibuyan Island or a total of 10,438 house connections in their franchise area. Additionally, ROMELCO installed in 2010 a mini hydro power plant in Cantigas, San Fernando, producing 900 kW of power. In 2019, ROMELCO also inaugurated the Romblon Wind Farm composed of three 300-kW wind turbines in Barangays Agnay, Bagacay and Lonos in Romblon, Romblon with a combined capacity to generate 2,000,100 kilowatt hours of green energy, or equivalent to 25 percent of the total annual energy requirement of the island. The 42-meter tall wind turbines were manufactured by Japanese company Komaihaltec Inc. and supported by the Ministry of the Environment of Japan. An additional 900-kW wind turbines will be installed in 2020. ROMELCO also provides 24-hour electricity to the island municipalities of Banton, Concepcion and Corcuera through diesel power plants operated by the NPC.
Water supply
Out of 17 municipalities, 14 have Level III water supply systems serving 18,590 households or about 32.57 percent of the total provincial households. Level III has a reservoir with house-to-house connections. 5,252 households were serviced by Level II water systems and 24,700 households by Level I water system. Level I category is a common facility where the community members get their water supply from deep wells and shallow wells, while Level II has a reservoir with communal faucet. Based on the report from the Provincial Health Office in 2007, a total of 48,542 households out of the 57,079 or 85.04 percent have access to safe drinking water.
Healthcare
There are eight government-owned hospitals in Romblon that serve the local population's healthcare needs. Four of these hospitals are located in Tablas Island: the 75-bed, Romblon Provincial Hospital in Odiongan, the 25-bed Tablas Island District Hospital in San Agustin, the 25-bed Don Modesto Formilleza Sr. District Hospital in Looc, and the six-bed San Andres District Hospital in San Andres. Of these hospitals, only Romblon Provincial Hospital is a Level 1 hospital, which has an emergency room and intensive care unit. Two privately owned hospitals, the Tablas Doctors' Hospital and ISIAH Hospital and Medical Center, also operates in Odiongan. In Romblon, the 35-bed Romblon District Hospital provides the healthcare needs of residents in the capitol. It is the only other Level 1 hospital in the province after Romblon Provincial Hospital. In Sibuyan, the 25-bed Sibuyan District Hospital provides basic healthcare for the residents of the island's three municipalities. It opened in 1958 with the enactment of Republic Act No. 2400 by congressman Jose Moreno. There is also the 10-bed San Jose District Hospital in Carabao Island and the 10-bed Malipayon District Hospital in the town of Corcuera in Simara Island. Municipalities that do not have a district hospital or a Level 1 hospital are served by their respective rural health units.
Telecommunications
The province has several operating telecommunication exchanges, namely Kayumanggi, Romblontel, Odiongan Telephone Corporation (OTELCO), the Telecommunication Office (TELOF), telegram system, Liberty Telecom, public calling stations under the Department of Transportation (DOTr) and the Provincial Communication System (PCS) radio transceivers and receivers. Smart Communications, Sun Cellular and Globe Telecom already have relay stations in Romblon, Odiongan and Cajidiocan, enabling most areas province-wide connected through cellphones, except on some area where the signal is weak or non-existent because of mountains that block the signal. The Triple Peak in Santa Maria has a relay station for PLDT and Liberty Telecom.
Media
There are four radio stations in the province, two of which are operated by the Radyo Natin Network and the other, 95.7 FMR Romblon owned by the Philippine Collective Media Corporation, GM FM 100.5 MHz owned by the Polytechnic Foundation of Cotabato and Asia and Radyo Natin Network operates the call sign DWMM at 104.5 MHz on FM radio from Looc, as well as the call sign DZVG 101.3 MHz on FM radio from Odiongan owned by Manila Broadcasting Company. As for print media, Romblon Text and Romblon Sun are the two major newspapers circulating in the province, aside from broadsheet and tabloid newspapers from Manila. Romblon News, meanwhile, provides provincial and national news and information via the web and social media.
A relay station for GMA Network and Romblon Community TV (affiliate of People's Television Network) in Santa Maria allows the province to access television shows broadcast by the network from Manila. There are also existing cable providers and local cable stations operating in several municipalities in the province, namely Romblon Cable Corporation (Romblon), Accutronics System Inc. (Odiongan), San Agustin Cable Antenna Corp. (San Agustin), Countryside Satellite Television System Inc. (Looc and Romblon), Gateway Cable TV Network (Calatrava), San Andres CATV Service Coop. (San Andres), Josefa J. Martinez CATV Services (Alcantara), Magdiwang Cable Television (Magdiwang), and Sibuyan Cable TV (San Fernando and Cajidiocan). Aside from these cable stations, there are also distributors of direct-to-home (DTH) satellite TV such as Cignal Digital TV, Dream Satellite TV, G Sat, and Sky Direct who provide television services for its subscribers.
Education
The Division of Romblon of the Department of Education (DepEd) supervises and oversees the delivery of education and operations of public schools in the province. It is composed of 13 districts, where there are 228 elementary schools, 216 of which are public and 12 are private. Of the 216 public elementary schools, 162 offer preschool education, while 20 of the private schools have the same offering. There are also 10 private preschools offering pre-elementary. For secondary level, a total of 44 schools offer secondary education, of which 37 are public schools and seven are private institutions. The Virginia Centurione Bracelli School offers both primary and secondary education. There are 13 vocational schools in the province, while tertiary education is offered by privately owned Romblon College and the Romblon State University (RSU), one of the oldest state universities in the Philippines. RSU, which was founded in 1915, is the oldest agricultural university in the Philippines and has campuses in Romblon, Odiongan, Cajidiocan, Calatrava, San Agustin, San Andres, San Fernando, Santa Fe, and Santa Maria.
Notable people
* Fitch Arboleda, Filipino footballer who plays for Kaya-Iloilo and the Philippines national football team.
* Florante Condes, Filipino professional boxer and a former IBF Minimumweight World Champion.
* Jose Dalisay, Jr., writer, poet, playwright and screenwriter who won 16 Palanca Awards. He is a recipient of 1993 Ten Outstanding Young Men (TOYM) award.
* Gabriel Fabella, co-founder and first president of the Philippine Historical Association; Father of the June 12 Independence Day movement; and sole representative of Romblon in the First National Assembly (1935–1938).
* Ephraim Fajutagana, former Obispo Máximo or Supreme Bishop of the Philippine Independent Church.
* Seth Fedelin, actor, model, singer and dancer who first appeared on television as a housemate on the reality show Pinoy Big Brother: Otso (2018) and has since appeared in various films and television series alongside his love team partner Andrea Brillantes.
* Roilo Golez, former member of the Philippine House of Representatives representing the Second District of Parañaque. He is a recipient of 1982 Ten Outstanding Young Men (TOYM) award.
* N. V. M. Gonzalez, writer, Palanca Award winner, and National Artist for Literature.
* Dinualdo Gutierrez, Filipino prelate of the Roman Catholic Church and bishop of the Diocese of Marbel from 1982 to 2018.
* Salvador Leaño, World War II veteran and Foursquare Church Pastor who volunteered as poll watcher during the 1986 Philippine presidential election and was killed in election-related violence at San Andres, Romblon. Honored as a hero at the Bantayog ng mga Bayani.
* Elma Muros-Posadas, former track and field athlete who specialized in long jump and won a total of 15 gold medals in several Southeast Asian Games.
* Rodne Galicha, environmentalist, 2018 Ten Outstanding Young Men (TOYM) awardee and recipient of national individual award for Gawad Bayani Kalikasan given by the Center for Environmental Concerns and Department of Environment and Natural Resources, former Philippine country manager of The Climate Reality Project.
* Jansen Rios, Filipino professional basketball player for the NLEX Road Warriors of the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA).
* Nene Tamayo, grand winner of ABS-CBN's Pinoy Big Brother (season 1). | WIKI |
How to prevent freezing using immersion heaters
Immersion heaters are used across a wide range of industries. Especially in the winter months, they are used by industry to address freezing issues. The main problem is that businesses in oil and similar sectors keep storage tanks and other important equipment outdoors. Thus, exposing them to the elements. This is a serious issue when working in colder environments. Especially during the winter months when freezing is a real problem. Fortunately, a combination of insulation and immersion heaters can take care of this issue, whether it’s oil or water being stored outdoors, an immersion heater can make a big difference.
What is an Immersion Heater?
An immersion heater is a heater that installs right into a liquid container to heat it up. Many times it’s locked in by a flange or a screw-fitting, and it has many coils that protrude out into the liquid and heat up to warm it.
Why Freezing Temperatures are a Problem
It’s obvious that any company that has to rely on water being stored outdoors in more northern locations will suffer from freezing issues, but what might not be obvious is that oils and other liquids also cause serious issues when they become too cold.
Oil doesn’t necessarily freeze at temperatures that would turn water into an unusable solid crystal. But, oil does become a sludge that is difficult to pump from one place to another. Petroleum companies are constantly moving oil around, and that’s one of the main reasons immersion heaters are so important.
Combining Heat with Insulation
An excellent heater can’t do much for a freezing liquid if it loses all the heat it produces to the environment. That’s why many oil storage containers are actually heavily insulated. The heat goes into the liquid and the container helps hold it in. Not only does the container work to keep the heat in, but it helps hold those cold temperatures out, which makes a real difference in how much heat has to be pumped into the system. Without insulation even a powerful heater would have a hard time keeping the liquid at high enough temperatures. With proper insulation a company can rely on less powerful heaters and save energy in the process.
The Other Benefits of an Immersion Heater
There are plenty of heating alternatives that could be used instead of immersion heaters, but most of them simply don’t offer the same benefits. Immersion heaters offer uniform heat distribution throughout a liquid, they generally have very low maintenance costs and are quite durable. Immersion heaters are the ideal way to keep liquids from freezing up when exposed to the environments. Which is why more companies are beginning to adopt them.
If you’re currently suffering from problems with freezing liquids, or you’re simply looking for a more reliable heat source than your current heater, an immersion heater could be the right thing for you. There are several types available, but each form-factor will likely offer you good enough performance to meet your heating needs. Please feel free to contact us if you have any questions about immersion heaters.
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Productive Stevens helps No. 24 Penn State control Indiana
EditorsNote: adds to second graf Lamar Stevens scored 17 points and grabbed nine rebounds to lift No. 24 Penn State past Indiana 64-49 on Wednesday in University Park, Pa. In the process, Stevens passed Joe Crispin (1,986 points) and moved into third place on the school’s all-time scoring list. Stevens ended the night with 1,994 career points. Curtis Jones added 12 points for the Nittany Lions (15-5, 5-4 Big Ten). Penn State improved to 11-1 at home this season. Trayce Jackson-Davis led Indiana (15-6, 5-5) with 14 points while Justin Smith added 13. The Hoosiers had a four-game winning streak snapped in the series against Penn State. Both teams struggled offensively through the first 12 minutes of the first half. Smith dropped in a shot in the lane and Indiana moved ahead 17-14 with 9:44 remaining in the first half. Jones drove to the basket and converted a difficult layup as the Nittany Lions trailed by just one with 8:00 remaining. The defensive battle continued for the remainder of the half, and the score was tied at 28 heading into the break. Penn State’s Myles Dread tipped in a miss with 2.1 seconds left to tie the game. Jackson-Davis paced the Hoosiers with 10 points while Jones led the Nittany Lions with 10 in the half as Indiana (1 of 6) and Penn State (2 of 9) scuffled from beyond the arc. Seth Lundy and Dread hit consecutive treys for Penn State as it pulled ahead 39-32 with 14:27 left. Indiana missed its next three shots with a turnover, and Penn State’s Jamari Wheeler grabbed an offensive rebound following a miss by Mike Watkins and scored for a 41-32 advantage. Smith then responded with a deep 3-pointer as Indiana closed within 41-35. But the Hoosiers misfired on 12 of their first 14 shots through a stretch of more than 11 minutes and fell behind 48-35. Indiana continued to be out of sync on offense and committed its 17th turnover as it trailed 54-39 with 5:06 remaining. —Field Level Media | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
@article{Alpayet_Mustika_Rahma_Andriyanto_Sutardi_2023, title={Healing of incision wound using sea cucumber and turmeric extracts cream}, volume={1}, url={https://journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/currbiomed/article/view/44902}, DOI={10.29244/currbiomed.1.2.54-61}, abstractNote={<p><strong>Background:</strong> Skin is the outermost layer that covers and protects the body and is vulnerable to trauma, such as wounds. Turmeric and sea cucumbers are known to have properties in wound healing. <strong>Objective:</strong> This study aims to determine the effectiveness of a mixture of sea cucumber and turmeric extracts in the form of a cream to heal incision wounds in rats. <strong>Methods:</strong> Twenty-five male white rats, Sprague Dawley strain, and body weights of 250–300 g were anesthetized, and their skins were slashed. The rats were divided into five groups, namely negative control (wounds without treatment), positive controls (wounds treated with Bioplacenton® topically), and three treatment groups (wounds treated with sea cucumber and turmeric extract cream with concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, and 2% topically). Wound healing parameters were observed daily, namely accelerated wound closure and inflammation reduction. Data were analysed descriptively and tested using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis’s test. <strong>Results:</strong> The results showed that the wounds closed completely in all treated groups. Healing time in the group receiving treatment (positive control and concentration treatment of 0.5%, 1%, and 2% were 8.3 ± 1.5 days, 10.3 ± 0.6 days, 9.3 ± 0 .6 days, and 8.3 ± 1.5 days, respectively) faster than the healing time of the group that did not receive treatment (negative control was 12.6 ± 0.6 days). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> This study showed that sea cucumber and turmeric extract cream has the potential and is effective for wound healing and can be used as an alternative for wound treatment.</p>}, number={2}, journal={Current Biomedicine}, author={Alpayet Rahmat and Mustika Aulia Andi and Rahma Anisa and Andriyanto and Sutardi Lina Noviyanti}, year={2023}, month={Mar.}, pages={54-61} } | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
chip wagon
Noun
* 1) A mobile cantina truck, cantina trailer or cantina wagon that primarily serves greasy spoon cuisine, such as french fries (chips).
Translations
* French: roulotte à patate | WIKI |
TAGS :Viewed: 7 - Published at: a few seconds ago
[ Tornado '@run_on_executor' is blocking ]
I would like to ask how tornado.concurrent.run_on_executor (later just run_on_executor) works, because I probably do not understand how to run synchronous task to not block the main IOLoop.
All the examples using run_on_executor, which I found, are using just time to block the loop. With time module it works fine, but when I try some time intesive calculations, using run_on_executor, the task blocks the IOLoop. I am able to see that the app uses multiple threads, but it is still blocking.
I want to use run_on_executor for hashing passwords using bcrypt, but replaced it with this calculation to gain some extra time for testing.
Here I have small app, to demonstrate my confusion.
from tornado.options import define, options
import tornado.web
import tornado.httpserver
from tornado import gen
from tornado.concurrent import run_on_executor
import tornado.httpclient
import tornado.escape
import time
import concurrent.futures
import urllib
executor = concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(20)
define("port", default=8888, help="run on the given port", type=int)
# Should not be blocking ?
class ExpHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
_thread_pool = executor
@gen.coroutine
def get(self, num):
i = int(num)
result = yield self.exp(2, i)
self.write(str(result))
self.finish()
@run_on_executor(executor="_thread_pool")
def exp(self, x, y):
result = x ** y
return(result)
class NonblockingHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
@gen.coroutine
def get(self):
http_client = tornado.httpclient.AsyncHTTPClient()
try:
response = yield http_client.fetch("http://www.google.com/")
self.write(response.body)
except tornado.httpclient.HTTPError as e:
self.write(("Error: " + str(e)))
finally:
http_client.close()
self.finish()
class SleepHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
_thread_pool = executor
@gen.coroutine
def get(self, sec):
sec = float(sec)
start = time.time()
res = yield self.sleep(sec)
self.write("Sleeped for {} s".format((time.time() - start)))
self.finish()
@run_on_executor(executor="_thread_pool")
def sleep(self, sec):
time.sleep(sec)
return(sec)
class Application(tornado.web.Application):
def __init__(self):
handlers = [
(r'/exp/(?P<num>[^\/]+)?', ExpHandler),
(r'/nonblocking/?', NonblockingHandler),
(r'/sleep/(?P<sec>[^\/]+)?',SleepHandler)
]
settings = dict(
debug=True,
logging="debug"
)
tornado.web.Application.__init__(self, handlers, **settings)
def main():
tornado.options.parse_command_line()
http_server = tornado.httpserver.HTTPServer(Application())
http_server.listen(options.port)
io_loop = tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance()
io_loop.start()
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
I would be very grateful for any explanation why ExpHandler, running in executor is blocking the loop.
Answer 1
Python (at least in the CPython implementation) has a Global Interpreter Lock which prevents multiple threads from executing Python code at the same time. In particular, anything which runs in a single Python opcode is uninterruptible unless it calls a C function which explicitly releases the GIL. A large exponentation with ** holds the GIL the whole time and thus blocks all other python threads, while a call to bcrypt() will release the GIL so other threads can continue to work. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Philippine c.bank sees no need to change policy stance for now
MANILA, July 5 (Reuters) - The Philippine central bank sees no need to change its monetary policy stance for now but it will monitor the actions of global central banks, including the U.S. Federal Reserve in light of the Brexit vote, its governor said on Tuesday. Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas Governor Amando Tetangco’s remarks follows government data showing inflation quickened to a 14-month high in June, but the reading is below the central bank’s 2-4 percent target for the year. The Philippine central bank expects inflation to average 2.0 percent this year and 3.1 percent in 2017. It kept the overnight borrowing rate steady at 3.0 percent at its June 23 meeting. (Reporting by Karen Lema; Editing by Sam Holmes) | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Sam Adams founder says CEO stands for Chief Everything Officer in a start-up
The Boston Beer Company, the brewhouse behind iconic craft beer Sam Adams, is a $2 billion operation today. But in 1984, founder Jim Koch launched the company out of his kitchen. Everything Koch (pronounced "Cook") did to get the The Boston Beer Company off the ground he did for the first time, and that's par for the course for a start-up founder. "It may say on your card that you are the CEO. Well, that's not Chief Executive Officer because there is nobody to execute," said Koch in an interview with CNBC at the Iconic conference in Boston last week. "You're the Chief Everything Officer." While Koch comes from a family of brewmasters, he didn't set off on a path towards brewing beer. He went to Harvard and started his career with a well-paying consulting gig in a cushy office in downtown Boston. He left all that behind to chase the dream of starting his own beer company. But he's the first to admit he didn't know what he was doing. "Pretty much everything you're doing for the first time," said Koch. "You know, the first time you negotiate a lease, the first time you design a package, the first time you try to get P.R., the first time you set up a payroll system, the first time you make a sales call — everything is new." And as the founder and CEO, you are usually doing everything. More than three decades later, Koch's gamble has paid off. The price of The Boston Beer Company's stock even pushed him into the elite cadre of self-made billionaires for a couple years. But long before the financial rewards, Koch reveled in the role of Chief Everything Officer. "That to me was what made it so exciting and invigorating," he said. "Every day was terrifying!" | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
mandibuloacral
Adjective
* 1) Relating to the jaw and the peripheral body parts
Derived terms
* mandibuloacral dysplasia | WIKI |
Introduction: Wi-Fi Light Switch W/ Raspberry Pi
Hello! In this instructable, I'm going to show you how I built my Wi-Fi Light switch using a Raspberry Pi and some basic components. Please note that this is my first instructable and I'm not really good at explaining things, so I will try to answer your questions in the comment section if you don't understand anything.
Step 1: Parts
To build a project, you obviously will need some parts. Here's a list of what I used.
• Raspberry Pi
• Cat-5e ethernet cable (you can use a WiFi dongle instead)
• Jumper wires
• Strand wires
• DC motor with gearbox
• 2-channel relay module
• Power supply for Raspberry Pi
• Power supply for DC motor
• Small metal plate (the size of your light switch)
You will also need some additional tools, like a soldering iron and a glue gun. We will need the DC motor to be powerful enough to flick the light switch on and off, so it needs a gearbox. I didn't connect the relay directly to the lights, because it's too dangerous. Instead, I'm going to use it to power the DC motor instead.
Step 2: Preparation
Picture of Preparation
Prepare your glue gun. We're going to use it to stick the metal plate to the shaft of the DC motor.
Align the metal plate and the DC motor just like in the diagram, and then glue them together. Make sure the connection is strong.
Step 3: Wiring
Picture of Wiring
Next, connect the motor to the relay as shown in the diagram above. We use the 2-channel relay as an H-bridge to turn the DC motor using the power supply. We need 2 relays so that it can rotate the motor in both directions.
Step 4: Mounting
Picture of Mounting
Once the metal plate is glued to the shaft, use the glue gun to stick the motor to the wall, text to the light switch. You can see how I stuck mine to the wall in the video at the beginning, and in the diagram above.
Step 5: Configuring
Now comes the hardest part, configuring and programming your Pi. This requires a lot of configuration, and putting everything in one instructable is illogical, especially when there's already instructions on how to do those. So I will just explain what I did, and if you don't understand anything I'll give links to the complete tutorials and documentation. You will also need a monitor, a keyboard and a mouse to configure the Raspberry Pi.
First, you need to install the Raspbian OS to your Raspberry Pi. (Guide)
Once you Raspberry Pi boots up, you need to connect it to the network, either by Ethernet cables or using a WiFi dongle. Simply plug in the Ethernet cable (RJ-45) to the Raspberry Pi and to the router. Or, if you use a WiFi dongle, you can find the option to connect to a wireless network at the top right corner of the screen.
Step 6: Webserver
Picture of Webserver
Next, we need to install apache webserver on the Raspberry Pi to send it commands, like turn off the lights.
Open a console window (shown in the diagram) and type in the following command:
sudo apt-get install apache2 -y
And then press Enter. Once the installation process is done, you can test the webserver by going to the web browser (in your Raspberry Pi) and navigating to http://localhost/
You should be able to see the default page as shown above. If you don't, please read the official install guide.
Step 7: Programming Pt. 1
Picture of Programming Pt. 1
In this project, we will be using pin 2 and 3 to control the motor First, let's create a python file for pin control.
Navigate to the apache directory, which is at /var/www/html/ by typing the following command to the console/terminal window:
cd /var/www/html
and create a new file there called "lights.py"
sudo nano lights.py
and then type in the following script:
<p>#!/usr/bin/env python<br>#lightsOn.py
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO #Import Raspberry Pi's GPIO Functions
import sys #Import sys for getting shell arguments
import time #Import time for delays</p><p>#Checks if the user wants to turn the lights on or off
#And then sets the pins accordingly
if(int(sys.argv[1]) == 1):
pin = 3
pin2 = 2
else:
pin = 2
pin2 = 3</p><p>#Setup the pins
GPIO.setwarnings(False);
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
GPIO.setup(2, GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.setup(3, GPIO.OUT)</p><p>#Turns the motor backwards slightly, then forwards.
#This is done so that the motor will get enough momentum to flick the switch.
GPIO.output(pin2, True)</p><p>GPIO.output(pin2, False)
time.sleep(0.18)
GPIO.output(pin2, True)</p><p>GPIO.output(pin, False)
time.sleep(0.5)
GPIO.output(pin, True)</p>
Note that comments (the ones starting with a #) is not required, and you don't need to type them, except for the topmost one.
Then, press Ctrl+O and then Enter to save the file, and Ctrl+X to exit out of the editor.
Step 8: Programming Pt. 2
Picture of Programming Pt. 2
Next, you need to set up a PHP file to receive HTTP requests and run the python script. This script will connect the web interface to the python script, which controls the pins. Type in:
sudo nano lights.php
to the console and press Enter. Type in the following code to the editor:
<p><?php</p><p><?php<br-->$fname = escapeshellcmd('lights.py');</p><p>$pin = escapeshellarg(isset($_REQUEST['on'])?'1':'0');</p><p>$output = shell_exec('sudo python /var/www/html/lights.py ' . $pin);</p><p>?></p>
Then press Ctrl+O and then Enter to save. Ctrl+X to exit.
Step 9: Programming Pt. 3
Picture of Programming Pt. 3
Next, we need to create the user interface. This is where the buttons will be. First, we need to delete the default index.html file. Type in:
sudo rm index.html
to the console. Then, create a new file called index.php (or index.html)
sudo nano index.php
We need to make the interface. The easiest way is to use links, but I will show you how to make it using buttons and some javascript. Type in this code (http://pastebin.com/3Nzkv4CU). (I had to link it to Pastebin because the Instructables editor won't let me paste HTML code).
Then do the same as the previous steps to save and exit out of the editor.
Step 10: Testing
Picture of Testing
Now it's time to test the project. Navigate to http://localhost/ in your Raspberry Pi browser. Two buttons should appear, try clicking on one of them to see if the motor moves. If it is reversed, you can either flip the motor wires or edit the code at this part:
onclick="lights('on')"
AND
onclick="lights('off')"
and just reverse the on and off. (Change on to off, and off to on).
Step 11: Android App Pt. 1
Picture of Android App Pt. 1
This part is easier, because there's a tool called MIT App Inventor to help you make Android apps easily.
First, create a new app and place 2 buttons, on and off.
Then, click the "Blocks" button at the top-right corner as shown in the image above. This is the part where we program the Android app.
Step 12: Android App Pt. 2
Picture of Android App Pt. 2
Before programming this, we need to know the IP address of the Raspberry Pi. Here's a simple guide on how to get it.
Now drag the blocks from the left side to the code area as shown in the diagram above. In this case, my Raspberry Pi's IP address is 192.168.1.13, but yours may be different.
When you're done, click on the Build option at the top and click on App (save .apk to my computer)
Now, plug in your phone to your computer, and use your favorite file manager to copy the apk file to your phone.
To install it, make sure you have the "Unknown Sources" option checked in the settings. To enable it, go to Settings > Security > Unknown Sources.
Using a file manager in your phone, navigate to the folder where you placed your apk file and open it. Select "package installer" when prompted. Just click on "Install" and open the app.
You should be able to control the motor and flick the light switch using your phone.
Step 13: Done!
By now, you should have a working light switch. If it doesn't work, feel free to ask me on the comments and I will try to help you. I won't be able to answer all of your questions, but I will try to answer as much as possible. I hope this instructable is useful. Also pardon me if my explanations are hard to understand; trying to explain complex technical things in a simple way is not easy.
Comments
nidhi12396 (author)2016-11-20
Dear Sir
I am trying on the same project but instead f relays, I am using the motor driver L293D. So,the .py code you have given does not work. Also, I do not understand what does pin 2 and pin 3 stand for? Please tell me the changes I'll have to make to make in the code to make the motor work?
HizkiFW (author)nidhi123962016-11-20
I have replied to your PM.
wold630 (author)2016-02-11
Thanks for sharing your very first project!
HizkiFW (author)wold6302016-02-12
You're welcome! It takes patience to document complex projects like this, and I'm happy to see people appreciate my work! :D | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Fula people
The Fula, Fulani, or Fulɓe people is an ethnic group in Sahara, Sahel and West Africa, widely dispersed across the region. Inhabiting many countries, they live mainly in West Africa and northern parts of Central Africa, South Sudan, Darfur, and regions near the Red Sea coast in Sudan. The approximate number of Fula people is unknown, due to clashing definitions regarding Fula ethnicity. Various estimates put the figure between 25 and 40 million people worldwide.
A significant proportion of the Fula–a third, or an estimated 7 to 10 million –are pastoralists, and their ethnic group has the largest nomadic pastoral community in the world. The majority of the Fula ethnic group consisted of semi-sedentary people, as well as sedentary settled farmers, scholars, artisans, merchants, and nobility. As an ethnic group, they are bound together by the Fula language, their history and their culture. The Fula are almost completely Muslims though a tiny majority are Christians or even animists.
Many West African leaders are of Fulani descent, including the former President of Nigeria, Muhammadu Buhari; the first president of Cameroon Ahmadou Ahidjo; the former President of Senegal, Macky Sall; the President of Gambia, Adama Barrow; the President of Guinea-Bissau, Umaro Sissoco Embaló; the Vice President of Sierra Leone, Mohamed Juldeh Jalloh; the Prime Minister of Mali, Boubou Cisse and the Wife of Vice President of Ghana Samira Bawumia. They also occupy positions in major international institutions, such as the Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations, Amina J. Mohammed; the 74th President of the United Nations General Assembly, Tijjani Muhammad-Bande; and the Secretary-General of OPEC, Mohammed Sanusi Barkindo.
Ethnonyms
There are many names (and spellings of the names) used in other languages to refer to the Fulɓe. Fulani in English is borrowed from the Hausa term. Fula, from Manding languages, is also used in English, and sometimes spelled Fulah or Fullah. Fula and Fulani are commonly used in English, including within Africa. The French borrowed the Wolof term Pël, which is variously spelled: Peul, Peulh, and even Peuhl. More recently the Fulfulde / Pulaar term Fulɓe, which is a plural noun (singular, Pullo) has been Anglicised as Fulbe, which is gaining popularity in use. In Portuguese, the terms Fula or Futafula are used. The terms Fallata, Fallatah, or Fellata are of Arabic origins, and are often the ethnonyms by which Fulani people are identified by in parts of Chad and Sudan.
The Toucouleur people of the central Senegal River valley speak Fulfulde / Pulaar and refer to themselves as Haalpulaaren, or those who speak Pulaar. The supposed distinction between them was invented by French ethnographers in the 19th century who differentiated between supposedly sedentary, agricultural, fanatical, and anti-European Toucouleurs on one hand and nomadic, pastoralist, docile and cooperative Peulhs on the other, but the dichotomy is false.
Surnames
Common Fulani family names in Guinea, Sierra Leone, Guinea Bissau and Southern Senegal are: Diallo (French regions), Jallow or Jalloh (Gambia, Sierra Leone and Liberia), Djalo (Cap Verde and Guinea Bissau), Sow, Barry, Bah or Ba, Baldé, and Diouldé. Other Fulani (Toucouleur) family names in Guinea and northern Senegal are: Tall, Sall, Diengue, Sy, Anne, Ly, Wann, Dia and others.
Although most Fulbe of Nigeria, Niger and Cameroon mostly use their father's family name, there are some common Fulani last names such as Bello (likely from the Fulfulde word Ballo meaning “helper or assistant”), Tukur (from Takrur), Gidado, Barkindo, Jallo, Ahidjo and Dikko.
In Mali, the most common Fulani family names are Diallo, Diakité, Dia, Sow, Sidibé, Sangaré, Ba, Dicko, Bocoum, Tall, Kah, etc. These names can be found among the Fulani populations of the following Malian regions and areas of Mopti, Macina, Nioro, Kidal, Tomboctou, Gao, Sikasso, and others.
In the Wasulu (Wassoulou) region of Mali, the most common family names among the Fula are Diallo, Diakité, Sidibé and Sangaré. These names are also found among the Fula population of Burkina Faso, along with other names like Barry, Dicko and Sankara (derived from Sangaré). Many of the Fula people from the Wasulu region have lost their ability to speak their native tongue due to multiple generations of intermingling and intermarriage with the Mandé (primarily the Bambara) tribes of the region. Though many of them no longer speak the Fula language, they have still managed to retain various aspects of their Fula cultural identities.
One of the most famous people of Wasulu Fula origin is Oumou Sangaré, a popular singer from Mali who is nicknamed the “Songbird of Wasulu” due to her powerful voice accompanied by her melodiously unique way of singing. Most of Sangaré’s songs pertain to women’s rights in Africa and the union of different tribes within Mali. She has traveled to many parts of West Africa, including Cameroon, to work with various Fula artists and to promote the Fulani cultural heritage of Wasulu.
Bocoum, Dia (in English as "Jah"), Kah, and Kane are some common family names among the Diawambe/Jawambe (Singular: Dianwando/Jawando and Diokoramé/Jokoromeh in Bambara) of Mali. The Jawambe are a small sub-group of Fulanis from Mali and they are primarily known for trading. Some famous Jawando Fula singers are Afel Bocoum and Inna Modja.
In Mopti, apart from the common Fula surnames like those previously mentioned, you will find surnames like Cissé and Touré. Though these names are commonly associated with the Manding tribes, some in Mopti have adopted the Fula culture and language through centuries of coexistence, and thus now consider themselves as part of the Fula ethnic group. A notable example of this is Amadou Toumani Touré, the former president of Mali.
Geographic distribution
The Fula people are widely distributed, across the Sahel from the Atlantic coast to the Red Sea, particularly in West Africa. In addition, many also speak other languages of the countries they inhabit, making many Fulani bilingual or even trilingual. Such languages include French, Hausa, Bambara, Wolof, Soninke, and Arabic.
Major concentrations of Fulani people exist in the Fouta Djallon highlands of central Guinea and south into the northernmost reaches of Sierra Leone; the Futa Tooro savannah grasslands of Senegal and southern Mauritania; the Macina inland Niger river delta system around Central Mali; and especially in the regions around Mopti and the Nioro Du Sahel in the Kayes region; the Borgu settlements of Benin, Togo, and west-central Nigeria; the northern parts of Burkina Faso in the Sahel region's provinces of Seno, Wadalan, and Soum; and the areas occupied by the Sokoto Caliphate, which includes what is now southern Niger and northern Nigeria (such as Adamawa, Tahoua, Katsina, Sokoto, Kebbi, Zinder, Bauchi, Diffa, Yobe, Gombe, and further east, into the Benue River valley systems of north eastern Nigeria and northern Cameroon).
This is the area known as the Fombina/Hombina, literally meaning 'the south' in Adamawa Fulfulde, because it represented the most southern and eastern reaches of Fulɓe hegemonic dominance in West Africa. In this area, Fulfulde is the local lingua franca, and language of cross cultural communication. Further east of this area, Fulani communities become predominantly nomadic, and exist at less organized social systems. These are the areas of the Chari-Baguirmi Region and its river systems, in Chad and the Central African Republic, the Ouaddaï highlands of Eastern Chad, the areas around Kordofan, Darfur and the Blue Nile, Sennar, Kassala regions of Sudan, as well as the Red Sea coastal city of Port Sudan. The Fulani on their way to or back from the pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia, settled in many parts of eastern Sudan, today representing a distinct community of over two million people referred to as the Fellata. While their early settlements in West Africa were in the vicinity of the tri-border point of present-day Mali, Senegal, and Mauritania, they are now, after centuries of gradual migrations and conquests, spread throughout a wide band of West and Central Africa. The Fulani People occupy a vast geographical expanse located roughly in a longitudinal east–west band immediately south of the Sahara, and just north of the coastal rain forest and swamps. There are estimates of more than 25 million Fulani people.
There are generally three different types of Fulani based on settlement patterns, viz: the nomadic-pastoral or Mbororo, the semi-nomadic, and the settled or "town" Fulani. The pastoral Fulani move around with their cattle throughout the year. Typically, they do not stay around for long stretches (not more than 2–4 months at a time). The semi-nomadic Fulani can either be Fulɓe families who happen to settle down temporarily at particular times of the year or Fulɓe families who do not "browse" around past their immediate surroundings, and even though they possess livestock, they do not wander away from a fixed or settled homestead not too far away, they are basically "in-betweeners".
Settled Fulani live in villages, towns, and cities permanently and have given up nomadic life completely, in favor of an urban one. These processes of settlement, concentration, and military conquest led to the existence of organized and long-established communities of Fulani, varying in size from small villages to towns. Today, some major Fulani towns include: Labé, Pita, Mamou, and Dalaba in Guinea; Kaedi, Matam and Podor, Kolda in Senegal and Mauritania; Bandiagara, Mopti, Dori, Gorom-Gorom, and Djibo in Mali and Burkina Faso, on the bend of the Niger; and Birnin Kebbi, Katsina, Gombe, Yola, Digil, Jalingo, Bauchi, Misau, Jama'are, Mayo Belwa, Mubi, Maroua, Ngaoundere, Azare ,Dukku, Kumo, Girei, Damaturu, Bertoua, and Garoua in the countries of Cameroon and Nigeria. In most of these communities, the Fulani are usually perceived as a ruling class.
Fulani communities are sometimes grouped and named based on the areas they occupy. Although within each region, there are even further divisions and sub-groupings as well. Below is a list of the main Fulɓe groups.
Typically, Fulɓe belonging to the same affinity bloc tend to cluster together in culture, customs, and dialectal variety with the Eastern Fulɓe sub-groups tending to be more similar to each other than to other sub-groups, and the same applies to most western groups. Culturally speaking, the central Fulɓe sub-groups are roughly in between the western and eastern Fulani cultural niches.
For example, the Massina Fulɓe share similarities both dialectally and culturally to Nigerian or Cameroonian (Eastern) (both of which end interrogative questions with "na?"), as well as Senegalese and Guinean (western) Fulɓe cultures (who do not end interrogative questions with such mannerism). Accordingly, the western groups are the most divergent from the eastern groups and vice versa. Overall, however, all share most cultural practices to a large extent.
In Ghana, the exact number of Fulani is unknown due to systematic oppression that includes not counting the Fulani in the Ghanaian census. This reflects widespread discrimination and negative stereotypes about the Fulani.
Historiography
The origins of the Fulani people are unclear and various theories have been postulated. As a nomadic herding people, they have moved through and among many cultures, making it difficult to trace their relationships and history with other peoples. Speculations about their origins started in the era of European conquest and colonization because of their oftentimes fair skin, wavy long hair and facial features.
Fulani oral histories suggest that their origins lie in North Africa. Their ethnogenesis likely arose as a result of interactions between an ancient West African population and North African populations such as Berbers or Egyptians.
The earliest mention of the Fula in history may go back to the Bible. Maurice Delafosse speculated that they may correspond to the descendants of Put, son of Ham. Josephus wrote of the Phutites, ancient inhabitants of what is now Libya.
Early Kingdoms
The precursors of the Fulani likely migrated out of the Sahara desert, at the time much wetter than today, as it progressively dried beginning in the 7th century BC. They migrated into the Senegal river valley from the east, pushed by Berber raids and desertification. The kingdom of Tekrur in what is now Futa Toro was formed through the interaction of the Fula (and perhaps Berber) migrants with the native "Negro agricultural peoples" of the valley who were "essentially Serer", Dominated first by Wagadu and later by the Lamtuna, the Mali Empire and the Jolof Empire, in the early 16th century the area was conquered by Koli Tenguella, who founded the Empire of Great Fulo.
Migration
The Fulani were cattle-keeping farmers who shared their lands with other nearby groups, like the Soninke, who contributed to the rise of ancient Ghana, with eastward and westward expansion being led by nomadic groups of cattle breeders or the Fulɓe ladde. While the initial expansionist groups were small, they soon increased in size due to the availability of grazing lands in the Sahel and the lands that bordered it to the immediate south.Agricultural expansions led to a division among the Fulani, where individuals were classified as belonging either to the group of expansionist nomadic agriculturalists or the group of Fulani who found it more comfortable to abandon traditional nomadic ways and settle in towns or the Fulɓe Wuro. Fulani towns were a direct result of nomadic heritage and were often founded by individuals who had simply chosen to settle in a given area instead of continuing on their way.
Evidence of Fulani migration as a whole, from the Western to Eastern Sudan is very fragmentary. Delafosse, one of the earliest enquirers into Fulani history and customs, principally relying on oral tradition, estimated that Fulani migrants left Fuuta-Tooro heading east between the eleventh and the fourteenth centuries. By the 15th century, there was a steady flow of Fulɓe immigrants into Hausaland and, later on, Bornu. Their presence in Baghirmi was recorded early in the 16th century. By the end of the 18th century, Fulani settlements were dotted all along the Benue River valley and its tributaries. They spread eastwards towards Garoua and Rey Bouba, and southwards towards the Faro River, to the foot of the Mambilla Plateau, which they would later ascend in subsequent years. The heaviest concentrations of their settlements were at Gurin, Chamba territory, Cheboa, Turua and Bundang.
Today, Fula oral historians recognize three different Fuuta, or Fula lands: Fuuta Kingi, meaning 'Old Fuuta', encompassing the Tagant Plateau, the Assaba Region, the Hodh, Futa Toro and the area around Nioro du Sahel; Fuuta Keyri, 'New Fuuta', includes Futa Djallon, Massina, Sokoto, and the Adamawa Region; Fuuta Jula is the diaspora of Fula traders and emigrants in other regions.
Islam and the Fula Jihads
The Fula, living on the edge of the Sahara, were among the first sub-Saharan groups to adopt Islam. According to David Levison, adopting Islam made the Fulani feel a "cultural and religious superiority to surrounding peoples, and that adoption became a major ethnic boundary marker" between them and other African ethnic groups in the Sahel and West Africa.
Armed with horses and weapons from the north and inspired by Fula, Berber and Arab clerics, Fulani political units would play a central role in promoting Islam in West Africa through peaceful and violent means. These jihads targeted other ethnic groups but also other Fulani who had not yet adopted Islam or who follows it too loosely. These wars helped the Fula dominate much of the Sahel region of West Africa during the medieval and pre-colonial era, establishing them not only as a religious group but also as a political and economic force. From the 18th century onwards, the frequency of jihads increased and the Fulani became politically dominant in many areas.
While establishing their hegemony, the Fulbe defined a strict social hierarchy and imposed limitations on economic and trading activities, the purpose of which was to ensure a constant flow of tax revenue and commodities to the state apparatus and the standing army, especially for the cavalry. The freedom for pastoralists to move around was curtailed to ensure the smooth functioning of other production activities, such as cereal cultivation and, in the case of Maasina, of fishing activities.There was considerable resistance to the forced acceptance of Islam. Conversion to Islam meant not only changing one's religion but also submitting to rules dealing with every aspect of social, political and cultural life, intrusions with which many nomadic Fulbe were not comfortable.
Bundu
In 1690, Torodbe cleric Malick Sy came to Bundu, in what is now eastern Senegal, from his home near Podor. Sy settled the lands with relatives from his native Futa Toro and Muslim immigrants from as far west as the Djolof Empire and as far east as Nioro du Sahel.
Under Sy, Bundu became a refuge for Muslims and Islamic scholars persecuted by traditional rulers in other kingdoms. Sy was killed in 1699 caught in an ambush by the army of Gajaaga. Still, Bundu's growth that would set a precedent for later, larger, and more disruptive Fula jihads.
Imamate of Futa Jallon
The Emirate / Imamate of Timbo in the Fuuta Jallon developed from a revolt by Islamic Fulɓe against their oppression by the pagan Pulli (فُلِی or 𞤆𞤵𞤤𞥆𞤭, non-Islamic Fulɓe), and the Jallonke (the original Mande inhabitants of the Fuuta-Jallon), during the first half of the 18th century. The first ruler took the title of Almaami and resided in Timbo, near the modern-day town of Mamou. The town became the political capital of the newly formed Imamate, with the religious capital was located in Fugumba. The Council of Elders of the Futa Jallon state were also based in Fugumba, acting as a brake on the Almami's powers.
The newly formed imamate was mostly located mainly in present-day Guinea, but also spanned parts of modern-day Guinea Bissau, Senegal, and Sierra Leone. This emirate was, in fact, a federal state of nine provinces: Timbo, Fugumbaa, Ɓuuriya, Koyin, Kollaaɗe, Keebaali, Labe, Fode-Hajji, and Timbi. After the Muslim Fulɓe victory, other ethnic groups who had resisted the jihad were deprived of their rights to land except for a small piece for their subsistence and were reduced to servitude. The nomad Pulli Fulɓe lost all freedom of movement, and thus, began to settle en-masse. The Jalonke lost their noble status and became slaves (maccuɓe).
Later, due to strife between two branches of the Seediayanke royal lineage, (the Soriya and the Alphaya), a system for the rotation of office between these branches was set up. This led to an almost permanent state of civil strife since none of the parties was inclined to respect the system, which considerably weakened the power of the political centre.
Imamate of Futa Toro
A jihad in Futa Toro between 1769 and 1776 led by Sulayman Bal threw out the ruling Denianke Dynasty. Sulayman died in 1776 and was succeeded by Abdul Kader ('Abd al-Qadir), a learned teacher and judge who had studied in Cayor.
Abdul Kader became the first Almamy of the theocratic Almamyate of Futa Toro. He encouraged construction of mosques, and pursued an aggressive policy towards his neighbors. The Torodbe prohibited the trade in slaves on the river. In 1785 they obtained an agreement from the French to stop trading in Muslim slaves and to pay customs duties to the state. Abdul Kader defeated the emirates of Trarza and Brakna to the north, but was defeated and captured when he attacked the Wolof states of Cayor and Waalo around 1797. After his release the jihad impetus had been lost. By the time of Abdul Kader's death in 1806 the state was dominated by a few elite Torodbe families.
The Sokoto Caliphate and its various emirates
The Sokoto Caliphate was by far the largest and most successful legacy of Fulani power in Western Africa. It was the largest, as well as the most well-organized, of the Fulani Jihad states. Throughout the 19th century, Sokoto was one of the largest and most powerful empires in West Africa until 1903, when defeated by European colonial forces. The Sokoto Caliphate included several emirates, the largest of which was Adamawa, although the Kano Emirate was the most populated. Others included, but are not limited to: Gombe Emirate, Gwandu Emirate, Bauchi Emirate, Katsina Emirate, Zazzau Emirate, Hadejia Emirate, and Muri Emirate.
The Empire of Massina
The Maasina Emirate was established by the Fulbe jihad led by Seku Amadu in 1818, rebelling against the Bamana Empire, a political power that controlled the region from Segou. This jihad was inspired by Usman Dan Fodio and his jihad in Sokoto. This state appears to have had tight control over its core area, as evidenced by the fact that its political and economic organization is still manifested today in the organization of agricultural production in the Inland Delta. Despite its power and omnipresence, the hegemony of the emirate was constantly threatened. During the reign of Aamadu Aamadu, the grandson of Sheeku Aamadu, internal contradictions weakened the emirate until it fell to the Toucouleur in 1862.
The Toucouleur Empire
The founder of the Toucouleur Empire, El Hadj Umar Tall, was an Islamic reformer originating from Fuuta Tooro. Beginning in Futa Jallon, he led an army that conquered Massina, Segou, and Kaarta, but he died fighting against rebels in 1864. At that point the emirate was divided into three states, each ruled by one of his sons. These three states had their capitals respectively in the towns of Nioro, Segou and Bandiagara. Within 30 years, all three had been conquered and colonized by the French.
Society
The Fulani, migrant Arabs and Hausa people have taken some influences from each other's cultures. Upon the success recorded in the 1804 Fulani War of Usman dan Fodio, many formerly nomadic Fulɓe subsequently joined the ruling classes of the many emirates of the Sokoto Caliphate. The Fulɓe of Hausaland dress in the clothing and speak the language of their Hausa neighbours (see Hausa–Fulani). Because they became the dominant ethnic group in these lands, the Fulɓe in the emirates outside Hausaland, like parts of Kanem-Bornu, Adamawa and Gombe, still retain much of their Fulani culture even still speaking Fulfulde as their first language. The Fulɓe who didn't settle during this period and their descendants, however, still keep an obvious distinct identity from that of the Hausa and other surrounding groups of the region. This Hausa–Fulani interaction is uncommon outside the eastern subregion of West Africa.
In Mali, Burkina Faso and Senegal for instance, those within the Fulɓe cultural sphere, but who are not ethnically Fula, are referred to as yimɓe pulaaku (𞤴𞤭𞤥𞤩𞤫 𞤆𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤵, "people of the Fula culture"). As such, Fulani culture includes people who may or may not be ethnic Fulani. Although slavery is now illegal, memories of the past relationship between Fulɓbe and Rimayɓe are still very much alive in both groups. Paul Riesman, an American ethnographer who resided among the Jelgooji Fulɓbe of Burkina Faso in the 1980s, states that the Fulɓe are tall, slim, and light-skinned; they have thin straight noses, and their hair tends to be long and curly. In contrast, the Rimayɓe are stocky, tending towards corpulence, dark-skinned with flat 'squashed' noses, and short kinky hair.
Slavery and caste system
The first Fulani people who were forcibly expatriated to America during the Atlantic slave trade came from several parts of West and Central Africa. Many Fulani slaves came from places such as Guinea, Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, Sierra Leone, Nigeria and Cameroon. Most of the slaves who came from Senegal belonged to Fula and Mandinga peoples. Some of the most common names found on the Registry of Liberated Africans were Fulani in origin. Many of the captors and perpetrators of raids providing sources for the European slave merchants were also Fulani.
Fula society features the caste divisions typical of the West African region. The fairly rigid caste system of the Fula people has medieval roots, had become well established by the 15th-century, and has survived into modern age. The four major castes, states Martin Kich, in their order of status are "nobility, traders, tradesmen (such as blacksmith) and descendants of slaves". According to the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, the Fulani people have held on to "a strict caste system".
There are the Fulani proper, also referred to as the Fulɓe, including the Pullo (also called the Rimɓe (singular)) and the Dimo, meaning "noble". There is the artisan caste, including blacksmiths, potters, griots, genealogists, woodworkers, and dressmakers. They belong to castes but are considered free people. Then there are those castes of captive, slave or serf ancestry: the Maccuɗo, Rimmayɓe, Dimaajo, and less often Ɓaleeɓe, the Fulani equivalent of the Tuareg Ikelan known as Bouzou (Buzu) or Bella in the Hausa and Songhay languages respectively. The Fulani rulers and merchants were, like many other ruling ethnic groups of Africa, also involved in the trans-Atlantic slave trade, sourcing the enslaved people through raids and from captives they took by waging war. Many Fulani were enslaved and raided by ethnic groups who adhered to traditional African religions.
The Fulani castes are endogamous in nature, meaning individuals marry only within their caste. This caste system, however, wasn't as elaborate in places like northern Nigeria, Eastern Niger or Cameroon. According to some estimates, by the late 19th century, slaves constituted about 50% of the population of the Fulɓe-ruled Adamawa Emirate, where they were referred to as jeyaɓe (singular jeyado). Though very high, these figures are representative of many other emirates of the Sokoto Caliphate, of which Adamawa formed a part. The castes-based social stratification among the Fula people was widespread and seen across the Sahel, such as Burkina Faso, Niger, Senegal, Guinea, Mali, Nigeria, Sudan, and others.
Traditional livelihood
The Fulani are traditionally a nomadic, pastoralist trading people. They herd cattle, goats and sheep across the vast dry hinterlands of their domain, keeping somewhat separate from the local agricultural populations. They are the largest nomadic ethnic group in the world and inhabit several territories over an area larger in size than the continental United States. The pastoral lifestyle of the herders' tribe makes it complicated for a non-member to date or marry a Fulani woman.
The Fulani follow a code of behaviour known as pulaaku, which consists of the qualities of patience, self-control, discipline, prudence, modesty, respect for others (including foes), wisdom, forethought, personal responsibility, hospitality, courage, and hard work. Among the nomadic Fulani, women in their spare time make handicrafts including engraved gourds, weavings, knitting, beautifully made covers for calabashes known as mbeedu, and baskets. The Fulani men are less involved in the production of crafts such as pottery, iron-working, and dyeing, unlike males from neighbouring ethnic groups around them. In virtually every area of West Africa, where the nomadic Fulɓe reside, there has been an increasing trend of conflicts between farmers (sedentary) and grazier (pastoral nomadic). There have been numerous such cases on the Jos Plateau, the Western High Plateau, the Central/Middle Belt regions of Nigeria, Northern Burkina Faso, and Southern Chad. The rearing of cattle is a principal activity in four of Cameroon's ten administrative regions as well as three other provinces with herding on a lesser scale, throughout the North and Central regions of Nigeria, as well as the entire Sahel and Sudan region.
For decades there have been intermittent skirmishes between the Woɗaaɓe Bororo (graziers) and sedentary farmers such as the Jukun, Tiv, Chamba, Bamileke, Wurkum, Bachama, Jenjo, Mbula, Berom, Mumuye, Kare Kare, and sometimes even the Hausa. Such conflicts usually begin when cattle have strayed into farmlands and destroyed crops. Thousands of Fulani have been forced to migrate from their traditional homelands in the Sahel, to areas further south, because of increasing encroachment of Saharan desertification. Nigeria alone loses 2168 km2 of cattle rangeland and cropland every year to desertification, posing serious threats to the livelihoods of about 20 million people.
Recurrent droughts have meant that a lot of traditional herding families have been forced to give up their nomadic way of life, losing a sense of their identity in the process. Increasing urbanization has also meant that a lot of traditional Fulani grazing lands have been taken for developmental purposes, or forcefully converted into farmlands. These actions often result in violent attacks and reprisal counterattacks being exchanged between the Fulani, who feel their way of life and survival are being threatened, and other populations who often feel aggrieved from loss of farm produce even if the lands they farm on were initially barren and uncultivated.
Fulani in Nigeria have often requested for the development of exclusive grazing reserves, to curb conflicts. All the leading presidential aspirants of previous elections seeking Fulɓe votes have made several of such failed promises in their campaigns. Discussions among government officials, traditional rulers, and Fulani leaders on the welfare of the pastoralists have always centred on requests and pledges for protecting grazing spaces and cattle passages. The growing pressure from Ardo'en (the Fulani community leaders) for the salvation of what is left of the customary grazing land has caused some state governments with large populations of herders (such as Gombe, Bauchi, Adamawa, Taraba, Plateau, and Kaduna) to include in their development plans the reactivation and preservation of grazing reserves. Quick to grasp the desperation of cattle-keepers for land, the administrators have instituted a Grazing Reserve Committee to find a lasting solution to the rapid depletion of grazing land resources in Nigeria. The Fulani believe that the expansion of the grazing reserves will boost livestock population, lessen the difficulty of herding, reduce seasonal migration, and enhance the interaction among farmers, pastoralists, and rural dwellers. Despite these expectations, grazing reserves are not within the reach of about three-quarters of the nomadic Fulani in Nigeria, who number in the millions, and about sixty per cent of migrant pastoralists who use the existing grazing reserves keep to the same reserves every year. The number and the distribution of the grazing reserves in Nigeria range from insufficient to severely insufficient for Fulani livestock. In countries like Nigeria, Cameroon, and Burkina Faso where meat supplies are entirely dependent on the Fulani, such conflicts lead to scarcity and hikes in animal protein prices. In recent times, the Nigerian senate and other lawmakers have been bitterly divided in attempts to pass bills on grazing lands and migration "corridors" for Fulani herdsmen. This was mainly due to Southern and Central Nigerian lawmakers opposing the proposal, and Northern Lawmakers being in support. Fulani extremists are involved in herder-farmer conflicts in Nigeria. According to the Global Terrorism Index, a continuous sequence of Fulani attacks across West Africa have occurred in Mali, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, and Cameroon. The cumulative fatalities in these attacks is in the thousands.
Language
The language of the Fulani is "Pulaar" 𞤆𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤪, which is also the language of the Toucouleurs. All Senegalese and Mauritanians who speak the language natively are known as the Halpulaar (𞤖𞤢𞤤𞤨𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤪) or Haalpulaar'en (𞤖𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤪𞥇𞤫𞤲), which means "speakers of Pulaar" ("hal" is the root of the Pulaar verb haalugol 𞤖𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤, meaning "to speak"). In some areas, e.g. in northern Cameroon, Fulfulde is a local lingua franca.
There are three writing systems used to write this language: an Arabic derived one called Ajami, a Latin derived system with 6 sets, and a native phonetic-faithful system called Adlam recently invented in 1989; the third one is the most increasingly popular not only learnt by hundreds of thousands of people among the diaspora worldwide but has also apps and computer programs created to assist in the script's adoption.
Moral code
Central to the Fulani people's lifestyle is a code of behavior known as pulaaku (Fulfulde: 𞤆𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤵) or laawol Fulɓe (𞤂𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤮𞤤 𞤆𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫) literally meaning the "Fulani pathways" which are passed on by each generation as high moral values of the Fulbe, which enable them to maintain their identity across boundaries and changes of lifestyle. Essentially viewed as what makes a person Fulani, or "Fulaniness", pulaaku includes:
* Munyal: Patience, self-control, discipline, prudence
* Gacce / Semteende: Modesty, respect for others (including foes)
* Hakkille: Wisdom, forethought, personal responsibility, hospitality
* Sagata / Tiinaade: Courage, hard work
Dress
There are no particular outfits for all Fulani sub-groups; dressing and clothing accessories such as ornaments mostly depend on the particular region. The traditional dress of the Fulbe Wodaabe consists of long colourful flowing robes, modestly embroidered or otherwise decorated. In the Futa Jallon highlands of central Guinea, it is common to see men wearing a distinctive hat with colorful embroidery. In Nigeria, Cameroon and Niger, men wear a hat that tapers off at three angular tips, known as a noppiire. Both men and women wear a characteristic white or black cotton fabric gown, adorned with intricate blue, red and green thread embroidery work, with styles differing according to region and sex.
It is not uncommon to see the women decorate their hair with bead hair accessories as well as cowrie shells. Fula women often use henna for hand, arm and feet decorations. Their long hair is put into five long braids that either hang or are sometimes looped on the sides. It is common for women and girls to have silver coins and amber attached to their braids. Some of these coins are very old and have been passed down in the family. The women often wear many bracelets on their wrists. The women can also be seen wearing a colorful cloth (modjaare) around, the waist, head or over one shoulder.
Like the men, the women have markings on their faces around their eyes and mouths that they were given as children. The Western Fulbe in countries like Mali, Senegal and Mauritania use indigo inks around the mouth, resulting in a blackening around the lips and gums.
Fulani men are often seen wearing solid-colored shirt and pants which go down to their lower calves, made from locally grown cotton, a long cloth wrapped around their faces, and a conical hat made from straw and leather on their turbans, and carrying their walking sticks across their shoulders with their arms resting on top of it. Often the men have markings on either side of their faces and/or on their foreheads. They received these markings as children. Fula ethics are strictly governed by the notion of pulaaku. Women wear long robes with flowery shawls. They decorate themselves with necklaces, earrings, nose rings and anklets.
Herding
Fula are primarily known to be pastoralists, but are also traders in some areas. Most Fula in the countryside spend long times alone on foot, and can be seen frequently parading with their cattle throughout the west African hinterland, moving their herds in search of water and better pasture. They were, and still are, the only major migratory people group of West Africa, although the Tuareg people, another nomadic tribe of North African origin, live just immediately north of Fula territory, and sometimes live alongside the Fulani in countries such as Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso. The Fulani, as a result of their constant wandering of the past, can be seen in every climatic zone and habitat of West Africa, from the deserts of the north, to the derived savannah and forests of the south.
From the 16th to 20th centuries many Fulani communities settled in the highlands of the Jos Plateau, the Western High Plateau of Bamenda, and Adamawa Plateau of Nigeria and the Cameroons. These are the highest elevated places in West Africa, and their altitude can reach up to 8,700 feet above sea level. The highland plateaus have a more temperate climate conducive for cattle herding activities, which allowed Fulbe populations to settle there in waves of migrations from further west. Though most Fula now live in towns or villages, a large proportion of the population is still either fully nomadic, or semi-nomadic in nature.
Wealth is counted by how large the herd of cattle is. Long ago Fulani tribes and clans used to fight over cattle and grazing rights. Being the most treasured animal that the Fulanis herd, the cows are very special. Many people say that a person cannot speak Fulfulde if he does not own a cow. The Fulani have a tradition of giving a habbanaya – a cow which is loaned to another until she calves. Once the calf is weaned it is retained and the cow is returned to its owner. This habbanaya is a highly prized animal. Upon receipt of this gift, there is a special ceremony in honor of the gift. The recipient buys special treats and invites his neighbors for this event in which the habbanaya is given a name. The habbanaya is never to be struck under any circumstance.
Fulani nomads keep various species of cattle, but the zebu is the most common in the West African hinterland, due to its drought resistant traits. In the wetter areas of Fouta Djallon and Casamance, the dwarf N'Dama is more common, as they are highly resistant to trypanosomiasis and other conditions directly associated with high humidity. Subspecies of zebu include the White Fulani cattle, locally known as the Aku, Akuji, Bororoji, White Kano, Yakanaji or Bunaji, which are an important beef breed of cattle found throughout the area owned by both Fulani and Hausa people and beyond in the Sahel zone of Africa.
The Red Fulani cattle, which are called the Jafun Djafoun in Nigeria and Cameroon, and Fellata in Chad, as well as other names such as the M'Bororo, Red Bororo, or Bodaadi, another subspecies is the Sokoto Gudali and the Adamawa Gudali or simply Gudali, which means "horned and short legged" in the Hausa language. The widely accepted theory for the origin of present-day zebu cattle in West Africa is that they came from the westward spread of the early zebu populations in East Africa through the Sudan. Other breeds of zebu are found mainly in the drier regions. Their body conformation resembles the zebu cattle of eastern Africa. The zebu did not appear in West Africa until about 1800. The increasing aridity of the climate and the deterioration of the environment in the Sahel appear to have favoured the introduction and spread of the zebu, as they are superior to longhorn and shorthorn cattle in withstanding drought conditions.
The origins and classification of the Fulani remains controversial; one school of thought is of the opinion that the Fulani cattle are truly long-horned zebus that first arrived in Africa from Asia on the east coast; these are believed to have been introduced into West Africa by Arab invaders during the seventh century, roughly about the same time that the short-horned zebus arrived into East Africa. This theory is supported by the appearance of the skull as well as the thoracic hump of the Fulani cattle.
Another school of thought contends that these cattle originated from the Horn of Africa, present-day Ethiopia and Somalia, and that interbreeding between the short-horned zebu (which arrived in the Horn around the first millennium BC) and the ancient Hamitic Longhorn and/or B. taurus brachyceros shorthorn (which had arrived much earlier) occurred in the Horn about 2000–1500 BCE. The subsequent successive introductions of the short-horned zebu are believed to have displaced most sanga cattle into southern Africa.
During this period of constant movement of people and animals within Africa, some of these sanga cattle probably intermixed with the short-horned, thoracic-humped cattle to produce the thoracic-humped sanga. The latter may have migrated, most probably along with the spread of Islam, westerly to constitute what are today the lyre-horned cattle of West and Central Africa, including the Fulani cattle. Originally the White Fulani were indigenous to north Nigeria, southeast Niger and northeast Cameroon, owned by both Fulani and Hausa people. They then spread to southern Chad and western Sudan.
Every year, in the Malian town of Diafarabé, Fulani men cross the Niger River with their cattle, in an annual cycle of transhumance. This annual festival is known in the local Fulfulde as the Dewgal. Since the founding of the village in 1818, it has always been the most important Fulani festival. It takes place on a Saturday in November or December; the day is carefully chosen based on the state of pastures and the water levels in the river Niger. During the rainy season, the river swells, and the areas around the village are inundated in water, as the level of the river Niger rises, and turns Diafarabe into an island. The cattle are kept on the lush fields up north or south, but when the West African Monsoon subsides and the drier season returns, the water level drops and the cattle can return home again.
The crossing is more than a search for pastures; it is also a competition to show craftsmanship as a herdsmen. The cattle are driven into the river, and each herder, with no help from others, loudly encourages the animals to move forward as he stands or swims between them, holding on to the horns of the bulls. The smaller animals don't have to swim, but are lifted into pirogues. When all the cattle are back, they are judged by a panel, which decides whose animals are the "fattest". That herder is awarded "best caretaker", and he is awarded by the community. The worst caretaker ends up with a shameful "prize" – a peanut.
Besides being a competition of herdsmanship, it is also a social event; the herdsmen return after having been away for the most part of the year and they meet their family and friends again. It is a time for celebration. The women decorate their house with woven mats and paint the floor with white and black clay, braid their hair with very intricate patterns, and dress up for their husbands and loved ones. Impressed by the cultural significance attached to the annual event, UNESCO included it on its list of world cultural heritage events.
Music
The Fula have a rich musical culture and play a variety of traditional instruments including drums, hoddu (a plucked skin-covered lute similar to a banjo), and riti or riiti (a one-string bowed instrument similar to a violin), in addition to vocal music. The well-known Senegalese Fula musician Baaba Maal sings in Pulaar on his recordings. Zaghareet or ululation is a popular form of vocal music formed by rapidly moving the tongue sideways and making a sharp, high sound.
Fulani music is as varied as its people. The numerous sub-groups all maintain unique repertoires of music and dance. Songs and dances reflect traditional life and are specifically designed for each individual occasion. Music is played at any occasion: when herding cattle, working in the fields, preparing food, or at the temple. Music is extremely important to the village life cycle, with field cultivation, harvest and winnowing of millet performed to the rhythm of the songs and drums.
Fulani herders have a special affinity for the flute and violin nianioru. The young Fulani shepherd like to whistle and sing softly as they wander the silent savannah with cattle and goats. The truly Fulani instruments are the one-string viola of the Fulani (nianioru), the flute, the two to five string lute hoddu or molo, and the buuba and bawdi set of drums. But they are also influenced by the other instruments of the region such as the beautiful West African harp, the kora, and the balafon. Entertainment is the role of certain casts. The performance of music is the realm of specialized casts. The Griots or Awlube recite the history of the people, places and events of the community.
Food
can be the general term for both fresh milk and yoghurt known as in Fulfulde. It is central to Fulbe identity and revered as a drink or in one of its various processed forms, such as yoghurt and cheese. and are derived from milk fat, are used in light cooking and hair weaving. It is common to see Fulani women hawking milk products in characteristic beautifully decorated calabashes balanced on their heads. Other meals include a heavy porridge made of flour from such grains as millet, sorghum, or corn which is eaten in combination with soup made from tomatoes, onions, spices, peppers, and other vegetables.
Another popular meal eaten by almost all Fulani communities is made from fermenting milk into yoghurt and eaten with corn couscous known as or, either in the same bowl or separately, also a fluid or porridge called made of flour cereals such as millet, sorghum or corn and milk. The Wodaabe traditionally eat millet, milk and meat as staples. Millet is eaten in the morning, noon and night as a grease with a sauce or stew which usually contains tomatoes, peppers, bone, meat, onion, and other vegetables. On special occasions they eat meat such as goat or beef. A thick beverage similar to the Tuareg is made by pounding goat cheese, milk, dates and millet.
Houses
Traditionally, nomadic Fula live in domed houses known as a Bukkaru or suudu hudo, literally "grass house". During the dry season, the characteristically hemisphere-shaped domed houses are supported by compact millet stalk pillars, and by reed mats held together and tied against wood poles, in the wet or rainy season. These mobile houses are very easy to set up, and dismantle, as typical of houses from nomadic societies. When it is time to move, the houses are easily disassembled and loaded onto donkeys, horses or camels for transport. With recent trends however, many Fula now live in mud or concrete block houses.
Once they are set up, the room is divided into a sleeping compartment, and another compartment where calabashes and guards of all sizes are intricately arranged in a stack according to their sizes and functions. Spoons made from gourda are hung from the rooftop, with others meant for grain storage.
Religion
The Fula were one of the first ethnic groups in Sub-Saharan Africa to convert to Islam, maintaining it as an intrinsic part of their cultural identity, although in some cases elements of traditional African faiths are mixed in a predominantly Muslim religious syncretism. The vast majority of Fula people are Muslims, with some religious minorities — largely Fula Christians, a small minority group (1-2%) present in parts of northern Nigeria. Nearly all Fula Christians are recent converts from Islam, or descendants of recent converts. The group faces severe persecution from both Fulani Muslims due to their faith and other Nigerian Christians due to their ethnicity.
Genetics
The Fulani people are genetically an admixture of West and East African ancestries, specifically Niger-Congo and Nilo-Saharan components, but also display varying degrees of West Eurasian admixture through contact with groups from North Africa. The Fulani are the most wide-spread pastoralist group in the Sahel/Savannah belt.
Paternal lineages (Y-DNA)
The paternal lineages of the Fula/Fulɓe/Fulani tend to vary depending on geographic location. According to a study by Cruciani et al. (2002), around 90% of Fulani individuals from Burkina Faso carried haplotype 24, which corresponds with the E-M2 (E1b1a) that is common in West Africa. The remainder belonged to haplotype 42/haplogroup E-M132. Both of these clades are today most frequent among Niger–Congo-speaking populations, particularly those inhabiting Senegal. Similarly, 53% of the Fulani in northern Cameroon bore haplogroup E-M132, with the rest mainly carrying other African clades (12% haplogroup A and 6% haplogroup E1b1a). A significant minority carried the West Eurasian haplogroups T (18%) and R1 (12%), making up together around ~30% of the total haplogroup variation. Mulcare et al. (2004) observed a similar frequency of haplogroup R1 subclades in their Fulani samples from Cameroon (18%).
A study by Hassan et al. (2008) on a Fulani subgroup in Sudan observed a significantly higher occurrence of the West-Eurasian haplogroup R1 (53.8%). The remainder belonged to E-M215 subclades, including 34.62% E-M78 and 27.2% E-V22. Bučková et al. (2013) analyzed various Fulani subgroups, and observed R1b among the Fulani Zinder grouping with a frequency of ~31%. This was in sharp contrast to most of the other Fulani pastoralist groups elsewhere, including those from Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Mali and Chad, which instead had nearly exclusive West African paternal haplogroups.
Maternal lineages (mtDNA)
In contrast to their more heterogeneous paternal lineages, the Fulani have rather homogenous maternal lineages, with close affinity to other Niger-Congo populations. Only 8.1% of their mtDNA clades were associated with West Eurasian or Afro-Asiatic groups (J1b, U5, H, and V).
A study of four Fulani nomad populations (n = 186) in three Sahelian countries (Chad, Cameroon, and Burkina Faso), found that the only group of nomadic Fulani that manifests some similarities with geographically related agricultural populations (from Guinea-Bissau and Nigeria) comes from Tcheboua in northern Cameroon.
Autosomal DNA (overall)
According to Tishkoff et al. (2009), the Fulani's genomic ancestry clusters near that of Chadic and Central Sudanic speaking populations, with genetic affinities observed to the Hausa people. Based on this, the researchers suggest that the Fulani may have adopted a Niger-Congo language at some point in their history, while intermarrying with local populations. Additionally, moderate levels of West Eurasian admixture was also observed among the Fulani samples, which the authors propose may have been introduced via the Iberian Peninsula and Northern Africa. Dobon et al. (2015), found that the Sudanese Fulani have largely ancestry from Niger-Kordofanian and Nilo-Saharan (Sudanic) speaking groups, with lower amounts of West-Eurasian ancestry. Triska, Petr et al. (2015) showed that there is extensive admixture across the Sahel Belt, with the Fula carrying West African and East African components, as well as a Mozabite/North African component. These results support the hypothesis of a North African origin and a Western to Central Africa past migration for Fulani.
A full genome analysis was conducted by Vicente et al. in 2019, analyzing several different Fulani subgroups from various geographic regions. They found that the Fulani people are characterized by the admixture of local West African and East African components, but also display West-Eurasian admixture, mediated through historical North African groups. The West-Eurasian ancestry among Fulani was estimated to a mean average of 21,4% among the 53 samples from Ziniaré in Burkina Faso. According to the authors, there were two admixture events, the first being about 2000 years ago, with the second being more recent at around 300 years ago. This Eurasian ancestry was observed in the ancestry components of Mozabite people. They found that: "Our findings suggest that Eurasian admixture and the European LP allele was introduced into the Fulani through contact with a North African population/s. We furthermore confirm the link between the lactose digestion phenotype in the Fulani to the MCM6/LCT locus by reporting the first GWAS of the lactase persistence trait. e observed a T-13910 allele frequency of 48.0%, while the genome-wide European admixture fraction in the Fulani is 21.4% at K = 3. The notable European admixture fraction in the Fulani coupled with the high frequencies of the LP T-13910 allele suggests the possibility of adaptive gene flow into the Fulani gene pool". Another study in 2020 by Priehodová et al., suggest an older date for the introduction of one variant of the LP allele in the Sahel, about ~8.5 ka.
A study in 2019 by Fan et al., found that the Fulani sampled from Cameroon, clustered with Afro-Asiatic speakers from East Africa in the phylogenetic analysis, which the authors said indicates a potential shift in language to Niger-Congo. The analysis on autosomal markers found traces of West Eurasian-related ancestry in this population, which suggests a North African or East African origin (as North and East Africans also have such ancestry likely related to expansions of farmers and herders from the Near East) and is consistent with the presence at moderate frequency of the −13,910T variant associated with lactose tolerance in European populations.
In 2020, a study inferred that the Fulani of western Cameroon have 48% Mende-related, 23% East African-related, and 29% non-African-related ancestry.
In 2023, whole genomes of Fulani individuals from various Sahelian samples were analyzed, and the researches said the non-Sub-Saharan genetic ancestry within the Fulani cannot be solely explained by recent admixture events. Fulani may be descendants of Saharan cattle herders during the last Green Sahara, who had some genomic similarities to Late Neolithic Moroccans based on ancient samples.
Another 2023 study inferred that "The Fulani derived 50% of their ancestry from a population related to the Amhara and 50% from a population related to the Tikari (consistent with TreeMix results with 3 migration events)."
General references
* Almanach de Bruxelles (now a paying site)
* Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. (ed.) (2005): "Adamawa Fulfulde". Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 15th ed. Dallas: SIL International. Accessed 25 June 2006.
* Ndukwe, Pat I., Ph.D. (1996). Fulani. New York: The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc.
* Christiane Seydou, (ed.) (1976). Bibliographie générale du monde peul. Niamey, Institut de Recherche en Sciences Humaines du Niger | WIKI |
Wilmot Corfield
William Wilmot Corfield (1859 - 27 October 1919) was a British philatelist who was an important figure in Anglo-Indian philately. By his own account, he was an auditor by profession.
Early life
Corfield was born in Birmingham in 1859 and educated at King Edward's School. His mother was Jemima Corfield (nee Randell) who died in 1862. Subsequently, he was the editor in that city of Ye Manual, Birmingham Town Crier and Birmingham Faces and Places and he was a friend of George Bernasconi.
Philately
Corfield started to collect stamps aged six and later acquired his brother, Winter's, collection after Winter died following an accident on a cricket pitch.
In 1886 and also in 1893, Corfield travelled to India where he subsequently became Editor of The Philatelic World (1894 to 1897) and the Philatelic Journal of India. At different times the Hon. Secretary, Treasurer and Vice-President of the Philatelic Society of India (1897-1909). He was also Curator of the Indian National Stamp Collection at Victoria Museum, Calcutta. While in India, Corfield wrote topical verses under the pen name Dâk dicta which appeared in the Indian press, Dak being the Hindi equivalent of "post office". He was active in the Calcutta Historical Society.
Corfield returned to Britain permanently in around 1910 or 1911. He was already a member of the Royal Philatelic Society London from 1899 and of The Fiscal Philatelic Society. He was also a member of the Hertfordshire society, The Junior Philatelic Society (now the National Philatelic Society and the International Philatelic Union. He became closely associated with the Philatelic Congress of Great Britain. He was for a short time Editor of The London Philatelist. He was active in the National Philatelic War Fund and was credited by The London Philatelist with suggesting the design of the souvenir sword of justice stamp produced for the fund. He wrote the obituary of noted Indian philatelic specialist Sir David Parkes Masson in The London Philatelist.
Corfield campaigned for the Tapling Collection to be brought up to date so as to become the British national stamp collection but this ultimately proved impossible due to the terms under which the Tapling Collection had been donated and the scarcity of some of the material missing from it.
Death
Corfield died on 27 October 1919 at Sydenham, South London. He was survived by his wife and daughter.
Selected publications
* Ye manual of the proceedings of the Birmingham Young Men’s Christian Association Debating Society. Vol. 1. Oct. 1881 - April 1882. Birmingham, 1881-82. (Editor)
* The adhesive fiscal and telegraph stamps of British India. Calcutta: Thacker, Spink & Co., 1905. (With C.S.F. Crofton)
* Calcutta faces and places in pre-camera days. Calcutta: Calcutta Historical Society, 1910. Free download here.
* Dâk dicta: a selection from verses written in Calcutta, 1907-1910. Calcutta: Thacker, Spink & Co., 1910. Free download here.
* More dâk dicta. Verses written in Calcutta (1894-1910) and philatelic verses. Calcutta: Thacker, Spink & Co., 1911. Free download here. | WIKI |
Talk:14th Illinois Cavalry Regiment
Dead link
* http://www.rootsweb.com/~ilcivilw/f&s/cav014-fs.htm
* In 14th Regiment Illinois Volunteer Cavalry on 2011-05-23 03:30:43, 404 Not Found
* In 14th Regiment Illinois Volunteer Cavalry on 2011-06-01 16:05:00, 404 Not Found
--JeffGBot (talk) 16:05, 1 June 2011 (UTC) | WIKI |
Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Omaha
OMAHA, the largest city in Nebraska, U.S., is situated on the west bank of the Missouri, 600 miles from its confluence with the Mississippi, in 41° 15' 43" N. lat. and 95° 55' 47" W. long, (time 1$h$ 16$m$ after that of Washington). The lower part, situated mainly on a terrace, is principally devoted to business; the upper part, on the bluffs, to the finer residences, parks, and churches. It was founded in 1854, and in 1855 it became the capital of Nebraska Territory, when its inhabitants numbered little over 100; Lincoln, however, is the capital of the State. The population (1883 in 1860, 16,083 in 1870) was 30,518 in 1880, and in 1883 had risen to 49,710, its present growth surpassing that of any former period. Omaha contains the most extensive smelting and refining works in the Union. The number of men employed is 300, and the production of metals in 1882 was—lead, 43,711,921 ℔; gold, 16,272 oz. fine; silver, 4,853,851 oz. fine; sulphate of copper, 152,041 ℔. Other manufactures amount to over $7,000,000 annually. The educational institutions include Creighton College, Brownell Hall for young ladies, a medical college, and a business college. The high school building, erected at a cost of $250,000, is one of the finest in the country. There are besides ten free schoolhouses, containing seventy-four schoolrooms. Among the public buildings are the post-office and court-house, an opera-house seating 1700 people, many hotels, and numerous churches. The streets are wide and cross at right angles, and the business portions are in process of being paved. The city is lighted by gas and the electric light. Street railways penetrate in all directions. Omaha is also an important railroad centre. | WIKI |
Page:The fortunes of Fifi (IA fortunesoffifi00seawiala).pdf/186
gloomily, "that Mademoiselle Chiaramonti's conduct is such as to drive any prudent man to distraction; and that if you marry her with even more than a hundred thousand francs' fortune, you will be doing a most imprudent thing."
Madame Bourcet paused for Louis to digest this. Then, she continued, after an impressive pause:
"And my brother also says, and desired me particularly to impress this upon you—that a dot of a hundred thousand francs is something enormous in our station of life; that he does not know of a single acquaintance of his own who has been so fortunate as to marry so much; and his own good fortune in marrying two hundred thousand francs is absolutely unprecedented. Moreover, through Mademoiselle Chiaramonti's connection with the Holy Father, your prospects, no doubt, would be splendidly advanced; and to throw away such a chance would be—a most imprudent thing."
So all the comfort poor Louis got was, that, whatever he did, he would he doing a most imprudent thing. The knowledge of this made him a truly miserable man. | WIKI |
Fast Charging Technology – What is it
By | February 19, 2021
My phone is not Fast Charging Supported. But if I connect my phone with a Fast Charger, will my phone be charged soon? I will discuss this question in more detail today.
Fast Charger (FastCharger). But. Here is the information. Every company Fast Charger- has different names, adaptive Charger, Samsung Fast Charger, and Quick Charger. There are many more names. Do you want to understand this difference from the words? And Fast Charger is an essential thing?
The matter of quick charge has been started since 2013. Qualcomm conducted a new Technology Review called “Qualcomm Quick Charge,” a 10W Charger. The previous chargers were more than 5W. But when it comes to 10W, the phones start charging faster. This is the story of Fast Charging. When you see a charger, you will notice that the word written on the Charger’s body is Volts ~ mAh. Many Chargers have 5-Volts 1mAh, 2mAh Barobeshile. Volts at the beginning. For example, 5-Volt then “M” means 1mp = Max Current output. Now multiplying these two will determine how many watts your Charger will set.
Note: A Charger 5V x 2A = 10W. This is a 10W charger. 9V x 2A = 18W. So 18W Charger. Here it is said that Watt (Watt) is as much as Charge Speed. Can an 18W charger work on any phone? Answer: No. Because you will charge your phone with Fast Charger. If there is circuitry in the phone, if there is a battery, it must have the ability to take this power. So if the phone is Fast Charging Supported, it will not work even if you put Fast Charger on the phone.
Now you can ask: If the phone is not Fast Charging Supported if you put Fast Charge on this phone, will there be any problem with the phone? Because phones have the technology. The technology that communicates with the phone charger. Can I pay 18W for the charger phone? Not so much. I can get up to 10W. Then the Charger says, OK, take 10W. So when such communication between two people happens, there is no other problem. Because the phone does not have 18W, the phone will give you the Charger, and you will get the phone.
All phone companies say that there is a charger with the phone to use. That will be better for the users. However, sometimes it can be a Charger Blast. These can be caused by Third Party Battery or Third Party Charger. However, these are very rare.
Does each company have the same Charger – a different name for Kekenda? So Quick Charge-1, 2, 3, 4 Plus is out now. Now that Qualcomm has branded it, other companies have renamed it Fast Charger. The Charger is the same. But the companies have renamed it Charger.
Hope you understand what Fast Charger is. Even then, if you have any questions about Fast Charger, you can leave a comment. Thanks.
Leave a Reply
Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked * | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Walsh School of Foreign Service
Untitled
To not include the statement that a school, whose international affairs faculty includes two former United Nations Ambassadors, a former Secretary of State, a former C.I.A. Director, the former Spanish Prime Minister and a former Presidential Advisor for National Security Affairs, is "among the best diplomatic schools in the world," is the biased and non-neutral point of view. The statement, literally has the same level of unassailability as a statement that "the earth is round" or the "White House is white." No educated, culturally literate person living in the world in the early 21st Century could possibly challenge it.
While I did not make the 6/6/05 comment concerning enrolling SFS students, it is a fact that the admissions yield rate for SFS is very high versus its competition. Information I have seen in various admission fact sheets and newsletters (from sources such as US News, the Insider's Guide to Colleges and the schools themselves) indicate that the range of the middle 50% verbal SAT score for the accepted SFS class is between 700 to 780, which is almost identical to the 700-790 range at Harvard and 690-790 range at Yale and slightly higher than Stanford's range of 670-780. (The differences are all, of course, statistically insignificant but do support the point made by the author.)
(For those want all the statistics, the average percentile class rank of a student admitted to SFS is 96.6 and the math mid 50% range is 680-770. These credentials are unimpeachably among the finest in the country. Maybe a half dozen, and certainly no more than eight to ten and probably no more than two or three undergraduate colleges in the nation equal or exceed this accepted student profile, especially in the area of the verbal score).
No. SFS only publishes their *admitted* students statistics. Harvard, Yale, Princeton ect... reveal the SATs of their actual class, not just their admitted class. There is often quite a difference between the class you desire and the class you get. In any case, admitted student scores tend to be higher than the scores of the actual class (for obvious reasons). — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 13:32, 23 October 2013 (UTC)
Message to <IP_ADDRESS>
I have restored the 6/6/05 comment. If you want to delete the comment, please do so on the basis of facts. Engage in debate within the discussion forum-do not act like a cowardly vandal. Perhaps you are ignorant of the current college admissions situation today which may differ from your historic memory. The fact is that Georgetown is in the family of the very best institutions and sits at the head table. The applicant cross of Georgetown with the very best schools has grown to the point that Duke, Harvard and UPenn have, for many years, traveled the country along with Georgetown to hold joint forums for high school students and other interested parties that address the many common concerns over the top school admissions process.
The SFS has objective criteria (see the SAT scores above) of such a high level that inevitably, it will attract students who could have attended even the very best institutions. Edmund Fiske, the noted education editor has stated " only a handful of Ivy League Schools and Stanford are more difficult to enter than Georgetown." Remember that Fiske is referring to Georgetown as one overall blended institution. The SFS has the highest yield rate of the Georgetown schools so its enrollment draw is even higher. When the Princeton Review ranks Georgetown as the 11th most selective, it is again evaluating Georgetown as a blended institution. Relative to Wikipedia's neutrality criteria, the statement on SFS cross enrollments is supported by facts and not governed by prejudice. Under the Wikiepdia rules, it is not subject to deletion.
recent edit
I cut out most of the stuff that looked like it was from the admissions brochure. We have to remember the audience here. Does the typical Wikipedia reader who looks up SFS really care that SFS is "joining four other U.S. universities in opening a campus in Education City in Doha, Qatar" and that the "non-profit Qatar Foundation" is paying for it?
Also, I cut out the tacky boasting (i.e., "best and brightest", "credentials at such a high level") and all the oblique references to famous alumni (i.e., "an American president", "long-serving CIA director," etc.), replacing them with a more measured (and hence realistic) statement and with real names.
I brought to the top what is the most important fact that people should take away: that SFS is the oldest school of IR in the United States. Toward the end, I also inserted what I believe to be an objective statement of some characteristics of SFS students.
Jack Ryan, Fictional Character
Jack Ryan is a fictional character, the alumni list only contains real individuals. However, it does appear that he would have fit in well.
Photographs of Father Walsh and Intercultural Center from Georgetown Digital Collection need to be Restored
American Foreign Policy Magazine ranked the graduate program there as the worlds foremost.
"the foremost undergraduate institution for the study of diplomacy and international law in the world"
I do not think this statement is NPOV, as it is not supported by any sort of comprehensive ranking. I do realize and freely acknowledge that the SFS is extraordinarly well regarded and produces some of the most highly placed alumni of any school in the world, and that it very well could be regarded as "the foremost undergraduate institution for the study of diplomacy and international law in the world." Yet I believe the way it is stated, as a overt fact, makes it inappropiated in an encyclopedia. Trojan traveler 01:31, 23 July 2006 (UTC)
Trojan Traveler- I believe there was a formal ranking in Foreign Policy magazine a few years back that supports this but such a ranking is really inconsequential to the facts of the situation. Anyway you want to look at ranking international affairs schools and programs- from measuring alumni of influence, to evaluating faculty of influence and accomplishment, to any setting forth of average SAT scores and class ranks of entering students, to setting forth actual number of entries into the foreign service and the CIA, -any way you look at it, slice it, dice it, disect it-Georgetown SFS is the number one undergraduate program. Quite literally, you have a situation in which every last fact and every piece of evidence is clear and unambiguous. Watering down this statement to say, for instance, Georgetown is "one of the leading or best undergraduate schools" would actually be the misleading statement,and the one that would be giving false information to someone checking an encyclopedia.
Now at the graduate level,things are quite different. There are a number of competing programs and there is competing evidence. But at the undergraduate level, no one anywhere with any access to facts and information can plausibly support another school as a challenger to Georgetown as a first degree program.
To use an analogy-People say the United States is the World's only Superpower and they do so in encyclopedic and reference type entries to publications. Now there is no formal ranking from the Financial Times, Der Spiegel or Time Magazine to say this officially, but all the facts-level of GDP, size of nuclear arsenal,etc. are so overwhelming that no one can possibly challenge the statement. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs)
* I was going to mention this paragraph - according to Avoid academic boosterism, there shouldn't be things like "it's the most prestigious..." unless backed up. The article does a very good job of establishing the prominence and quality of the institution without using ambigious and subjective words like "foremost" and "prestigious." --Awiseman 03:59, 3 August 2006 (UTC)
* Obviously this is a very strong claim and needs a specific source. Christopher Parham (talk) 03:14, 4 August 2006 (UTC)
* "a reputation for being bright, practical-minded, and eager to get ahead in Washington and capitals around the world, where many have reached the highest levels." This statement seems to have been dropped in without regard to source citation, and isn't NPOV. I think a revision is in order - it's Wikipedia, not the brochure. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs)
* Agreed, I'm going to do that now --AW 06:51, 3 January 2007 (UTC)
* OK, I removed some things, per avoid academic boosterism and the NPOV policy, specifically Let the facts speak for themselves --AW 06:55, 3 January 2007 (UTC)
note to <IP_ADDRESS>
One could also note that most of the principal diplomatic/intelligence officers -Secretary of State, Under Secretary of Defense, CIA Director, UN Ambassador, National Security Advisor etc. of the past few administrations of the world's only Superpower teach at Georgetown SFS (and that doesn't even address the former Foreign Heads of State/Government on the faculty). —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs)
Note to Mr. Parham
See the link http://www.the hoya.com/news/101003/news6.cfm link in which the Dean Emeritus from Georgetown makes the statement in question ("we can say without trepidation that the undergraduate program is the finest in the world." Since a responsible individual with high credibility (former White House Fellow, current Director of Several Major International Organizations, PBS Moderator and a past leader of the Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs) has made this statement, a credible source does exist to back up the entry. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs)
* Anonymous, I don't think a source inside the school counts. --Awiseman 21:24, 4 August 2006 (UTC)
* His neutrality on the issue would be somewhat suspect. Christopher Parham (talk) 04:23, 5 August 2006 (UTC)
Position of Subject Matter Expert Makes Statement even Stronger rather than Weaker
In the circles this subject matter expert, Dr. Krogh travels in, the Council on Foreign Relations, the Bilderberg Group ( a mid 1990s attendee), the White House Fellows Association etc., he would be putting his professional reputation at risk to make a statement like this publicly if it were not unassailable. The fact that someone in his position and with his visibility, fully and confidently makes the statement, demonstrates its validity in my view.
The fact is, that with the sensitivity people in general have to college rankings these days (a function of the high tuitions versus the levels they were at decades ago,in my view, but that is another topic) the moment this statement hit the internet and the newspaper the street, three years ago, Krogh would have been excoriated and taken to task in other publications, letters, blogs, etc. if his statement was not true and would have been chided at the very next one of his high powered meetings.
Notice also the measured and circumspect manner he addressed the question of the status of the Georgetown Graduate Program in which he indicated the true situation which is that the grad program is top 2 or 3. The statements Krogh made are of the measured, bounded, airtight, nature one would expect from someone of his very high status and profile. They are obviously supportive of the point even taking into consideration any prejudice he may have. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs)
* The headline of the article is "Dr. Peter F. Krogh: The Architect of the SFS". He's obviously an intelligent guy, but who would say the school they're affiliated with is bad? --AW 18:19, 8 January 2007 (UTC)
Why Not "Among the Foremost" Wording?
Suggestion of "among the Foremost"-recognizes grad program and not subject to dispute. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs).
* Find a good solid reference in mainstream media or books.Pär Larsson (talk) 22:11, 28 September 2011 (UTC)
Conflict of interest
I believe there is a conflict of interest going on at this page. The IP user User:<IP_ADDRESS> has only made edits to this page and related pages, is putting in unsourced things, and is ignoring their talk page. This leads me to believe that the person is somehow affiliated with Georgetown. --AW 18:15, 8 January 2007 (UTC)
Alexandra Knatchbull
What exactly is the outstanding achievement of this lady? Being Assistant Director at FTI Consulting? Being a distant relative of the British royal family? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:54, 1 April 2013 (UTC)
* Deleted her from the list <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:42, 4 April 2013 (UTC)
External links modified
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Advert tag
Hi, I noticed you tagged the article with Advert for containing weasel words. Could you give some examples, so that I or others might try to clean it up? Ergo Sum 03:11, 29 March 2020 (UTC) | WIKI |
b0 to T1 atlas coregistration with FSL and ANTS
In this post, I’ll demonstrate how to coregister a b0 (non diffusion weighted EPI image) to a T1 weighted atlas.
Tools and files used in this article:
b0_atlas_coreg_inputs.zip contains a T1 and b0 from the same subject, as well as a T1 weighted MNI atlas, all in the nifti format.
Continue reading “b0 to T1 atlas coregistration with FSL and ANTS”
T1 intensity normalization with FreeSurfer
In this post, I’ll demonstrate how to perform a minimal FreeSurfer based T1 intensity normalization pipeline. It’s very simple, but can be daunting if you’ve never used FreeSurfer before.
Tools and files used in this article:
T1.nii.gz is an HCP T1 weighted image and the version of FreeSurfer used is freesurfer-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu-stable6-20170118.
Continue reading “T1 intensity normalization with FreeSurfer”
bedpostx with Docker and Singularity!
In the previous article, I discussed the preprocessing of diffusion data. In this article, I’ll demonstrate how to use bedpostx with Docker and Singularity!
Tools and files used in this article:
The version of FSL used in the docker is 5.0.10 and it has the cuda 8 version of bedpostx_gpu from here. PREPROCESSED.zip is preprocessed diffusion data using my dtiQA Singularity/Docker image.
Continue reading “bedpostx with Docker and Singularity!”
DWMRI Preprocessing (and Quality Assurance) with Docker and Singularity!
In the previous article, I discussed the general processing flow for DWMRI data. In this article, I’ll go into more detail on the preprocessing (and Quality Assurance) of diffusion data, and we’ll do it with Docker and Singularity!
Tools and files used in this article:
Some things: the documentation on topup and eddy is very good and anyone can invest the time and get them both working. Instead, I’ve opted to simply dockerize/singularize the entire process into a pipeline so that you can get it up and running quickly. The pipeline is called “dtiQA” and uses topup/eddy to preprocess the data and then runs a QA using DTI-related statistics. The version of FSL used in the container is 5.0.10 and has the 5.0.11 eddy patch.
scans.zip contains four DWMRI scans acquired in this order:
1. 1000 b-value x 32 gradient directions (1000_32_1)
2. 1000 b-value x 6 gradient directions (1000_6_rev)
3. 2000 b-value x 60 gradient directions (2000_60)
4. 1000 b-value x 32 gradient directions (1000_32_2)
Continue reading “DWMRI Preprocessing (and Quality Assurance) with Docker and Singularity!”
A brief introduction to diffusion weighted MRI (DWMRI) processing
This post serves as a brief introduction to DWMRI processing.
Tools and files used in this article:
dwmri.dcm is a 32 direction, 1000 b-value DWMRI dicom file, dcm2niix is a commonly used DICOM to NIFTI converter, nifti_utils is a library to work with NIFTIs in MATLAB, dwmri_visualizer is a visualization tool for diffusion images in MATLAB, and FSL is a powerful and commonly used medical image processing library.
A very common pipeline for dwmri processing is:
1.\ ACQUISITION
\downarrow
2.\ DICOM
\downarrow
3.\ NIFTI,\ BVEC,\ BVAL
\downarrow
4.\ PREPROCESSING
\downarrow
5.\ PROCESSING
Continue reading “A brief introduction to diffusion weighted MRI (DWMRI) processing”
Working with NIFTI(-1) files in MATLAB
This post will discuss the NIFTI-1 format and how to work with these files in MATLAB. The purpose of this article is to give a high-level introduction to “get you going”.
Tools and files used in this article:
What is a NIFTI file?
It’s essentially: a file containing a 3D array with an associated orientation. Technically, it’s a file containing a 348 byte header followed by image data. There’s more information here, here, and here about the specifics of what’s contained in the header. In this article, I’ll simply discuss how the orientation is stored in the header and how to use it, as well as a couple other fields which are important to properly using and manipulating the data. There are some other fields specific to certain modalities (i.e. fMRI), but they are not discussed here.
Continue reading “Working with NIFTI(-1) files in MATLAB” | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Review: In Zawe Ashton’s ‘for all the women,’ the Price of Uprooting a Life
This convoluted play chronicles the breakdown of a conflicted, displaced East African woman in the cosmopolitan West. When you purchase a ticket for an independently reviewed play or musical through our site, we earn an affiliate commission. It’s raining metaphors in “for all the women who thought they were Mad,” Zawe Ashton’s densely poetic play about racial alienation in the big city. As to whether it’s actually raining — or burning hot, with a sun that sears the skin — is a moot point in this production, which opened on Sunday at Soho Rep. But a storm that can’t be stopped is being discussed in grave and fatalistic tones by the East African women we meet in the first scene of this unresolved work, directed by Whitney White. They have assembled, they say, to tell a story that must be told when the sun comes up again, even as they wish that “we had only the moon to bury.” The story is that of the occupant of the enclosed, transparent cubicle that looms, both dominant and out of place, from the center of Daniel Soule’s otherwise homespun, rug-strewn set. This cubicle is the office and inescapable prison of the beautiful, ambitious and desperately deracinated Jendyose Najju Nsugwa (Bisserat Tseggai). “You can just call me Joy,” she says. From the disgusted expression on her face, you can see that she is aware of the irony of her nickname. It is abundantly clear that joy is the furthest emotion from this woman’s experience of urban life. And from what we’re told by that omnipresent, mythologizing female chorus, made up of relatives from the village that Joy left years ago, we know that the grimmest of destinies awaits her. So why aren’t we feeling the urgency and fear that usually accompany such knowledge? “For all the women” teems with engaging ideas and arresting images, but they never assume a compelling and coherent form, or even a fluent language of their own. It feels like the work of a gifted and imaginative young playwright with so much to say that she chokes on it. That turns out to be a fair diagnosis. This drama was written 11 years ago by the multifarious Ashton, who as a 35-year-old actress is appearing to dazzling effect in the current revival of Harold Pinter’s “Betrayal” on Broadway. She has described “for all the women” as a “fever dream,” generated by the fears and anxieties of a younger self. And while you can understand a director’s impulse to interpret that dream with at least a modicum of clarity, the play might fare (marginally) better in a more phantasmagorical presentation. I am not blaming the inarguably talented White, who oversaw the vibrant Off Broadway sleeper hit “Our Dear Dead Drug Lord,” which is still running. “For all the women” made its belated debut earlier this month in London, staged by Jo McInnes, and the reviews from there suggest a production that was very different in its directorial approach — but also equally unsatisfying. That version takes place in London; the Soho Rep incarnation would appear to be set in Manhattan. Either location serves to fuel the play’s central tension between the tradition-rooted, timeless world embodied by the play’s chorus and the harsh here and now of Joy’s professional life in the cosmopolitan West, in an unspecified, high-pressure job. The attire of the cast members underscores this divide. (Andrew Jean did the costumes.) Joy is the image of a Western career woman, with sleek hair and pale pink dress with matching high heels. The women who watch her from the sidelines are first seen in African tribal funeral garb. Most of these supporting characters change their clothing at some point to step into Joy’s lonely cubicle. (They can get in, but she can’t get out.) In this setting, they are transformed into city people — a rival office worker, a cleaner, a babysitter — who often remind the self-invented Joy of home, to her annoyance. Or perhaps they truly are from Joy’s village in Africa, as Margaret (a very good Sharon Hope), the office cleaner, swears she is. Margaret offers the younger woman herbal remedies for what ails her, and walks off with Joy’s pinching shoes and a bottle of prescription pills from her handbag. Ashton has said that this play was in part inspired by the failures of the British health system in dealing with the problems of female émigrés of color. In performance, this theme takes a long time to register. (Toward the end, Joy consults that clueless white, male doctor, played by Gibson Frazier, who is predictably patronizing and unhelpful.) Both unsubtle and unclear, “for all the women” lacks the wholesale nightmare absurdism that paradoxically might make it easier to, if not follow, then accept. There are some fine brain-scrambling touches. These include a scene in which Joy and her smarmy boss (Frazier again) discuss both the weather and her clothing in slyly racist language, and a bravura segment in which she becomes instantly, visibly pregnant before our eyes. Tseggai doesn’t provide enough of an emotional range to match Joy’s precipitous descent into unreality; she’s either terse and brittle or screaming and unglued. The show’s most persuasive performances come from the ensemble’s oldest members: Hope and Stephanie Berry, who plays Ruth, Joy’s understandably worried mother back home. Ruth isn’t an unconditional source of comfort, by the way. The stories she tells of life in the village, where a young mother is drowned as a witch, imply that poisonous sexism isn’t exclusive to the urban West. “For all the women,” in other words, is by no means a work of simplistic nostalgia. And there are striking elements throughout that you could imagine being reworked into a tighter, stronger play. After more than a decade, though, Ashton may have had enough of trying to refocus this product of her youth. In any case, it seems unlikely that the bright, shardlike pieces of this inchoate work might ever be assembled to the complete satisfaction of anyone. for all the women who thought they were MadTickets Through Nov. 17 at Soho Rep., Manhattan; 866-811-4111, sohorep.org. Running time: 1 hour 30 minutes. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
About Me
Seattle, Washington, United States
Tuesday, April 8, 2008
Performance with ESB and BPEL UDDI runtime lookups
Well, nothing new with it, as long as you are using SOASuite 10.1.3.3.1 you should have both of them out of the box. Just to recap:
BPEL run-time look-ups:
1) You have to define/publish wsdl in service registry. If you publish wsdl through User Interface, it creates unique sequence id for registry key which you can change using registry user interface. You can also use registry API to publish wsdl of the service.
2) Define registryServiceKey as property of partnerlink
You can either edit bpel.xml or edit the partnerlink to achieve it:
3) Define registry URLs in domain.xml
URL for uddiLocation should be http://host:port/registry/uddi/inquiry.
ESB run-time look-ups:
1) You have to define/publish wsdl in service registry. If you publish wsdl through User Interface, it creates unique sequence id for registry key which you can change using registry user interface. You can also use registry API to publish wsdl of the service.
2) Define registryServiceKey as end point property for service
3) Define registry URLs in integration/esb/config/esb_config.ini file
I have tried both ESB and BPEL run-time look-ups and they work great. Although there are some really bad performance issues I saw:
After enabling run-time look-ups ESB or BPEL calling any service via UDDI was taking longer than 1 minutes to invoke (it was couple of milliseconds earlier). Upon analysis we find out the actual invocation was not the issue but preparing the call (get-wsdl, parse wsdl and store in specific cache) was taking the longest time.
Also we saw that if load on BPEL and ESB if not very high, I don't see many performance issues but as soon as load increases (with number of threads) things get really slow. We did look at service registry logs and it's response time, service registry was extremely fast.
Here is what we found the reason behind slowness: ESB and BPEL both caches WSDL into their cache in specific format. If we do run-time look-ups BPEL and ESB gets the WSDL using service registry (which is pretty fast), but analyzing those wsdl and storing them in structure which BPEL and ESB run-time engine can understand takes a long time.
In conclusion, all this stuff BPEL, ESB, OSR - run-time look-ups looked like an ideal approach but had some performance drawbacks. All that glitters is not gold :)
10 comments:
Mingsheng said...
Chintan,
I just tested BPEL runtime lookup of service (either another BPEL process or a regular web service). I did detect any performance issue. For the Audit trail, every thing finished within 1 second. For my test cases, no difference can be detected with static or dynamic service lookup.
Mingsheng Xie
Chintan Shah said...
Was it under stress test? It won't make any difference if you are running just one instance.
Anonymous said...
I think that you should look at VTD-XML (http://vtd-xml.sourceforge.net). It can fundamentally solve any ESB related performance issue
Tomaž said...
Hi!
I followed your steps and published all of my services in the Oracle service registry. Then I created associated properties for partner links and endpoint properties for services.
I'm now having problems registering the ESB in the production environment which is inside a VPN.
The problem is that our development environment is outside the private network, which means that all of the defined WSDL files in our BPEL processes and ESB systems are also outside the VPN and consequently not visible durring compile time and deployment.
Is there a workaround?
Tomaž said...
Already found one. I replaced the URL locations of WSDLs with locally stored files. And guess what. It works like a charm.
Thanks again for a great post.
kirankrish said...
Hi,
I am relatively new to SOA. I am interested in knowing how webservices are registered in the UDDI registry. I went through your blog and i found it very informative. I have a question on this?
Just adding registryservicekey in bpel.xml and making configurations will register te services or this need to be taken care by ANT script
Tomaž said...
Yes, adding the key in your BPEL process and registering services in UDDI is enough.
Those services will be automatically picked up durring runtime.
kiran krish said...
Hi,
I want to know the steps involved in publishing wsdls and xsds.How can I use this published wsdls and xsds while developing BPEL services and ESBs. Is there any doucumentation available which has the detailed steps.
Mamta Chawla said...
Mamta: Hi Chintan, We are facing the same slow response time in ESB. Is there any resolution for the same.
Chintan Shah said...
Hello Mamta,
We got patch from Oracle Support to fix this issue. But the down side was, it will only check OSR at the startup time, so changes in OSR will not get propagated to BPEL.
Based on situation, you can ask Oracle support for this patch.
Thanks,
Chintan | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
[Python-3000] cleaning up *path.py code duplication
Jack Diederich jackdied at jackdied.com
Sat Aug 26 02:19:23 CEST 2006
While checking find() uses in the stdlib I noticed that the various
path modules have duplicate code and docstrings for some generic path
manipulations. Delightfully they even have different implementations
and docstrings for identical functions. splitext() is a great bad
example - os2emxpath.splitext() builds up strings by doing char-by-char
concatenations where everyone else uses find() + slice.
If there are no objections I'll move these into a module named
genericpath.py and change the others to do
from genericpath import func1, func2, funcN
where applicable.
So, any objections? Should it be a 2.6 backport too?
-Jack
More information about the Python-3000 mailing list | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Opened 6 years ago
Closed 6 years ago
#1576 closed enhancement (fixed)
[with patch; very positive review] implicit multiplication -- sage needs to have *some* way to do this (even if not by default)
Reported by: was Owned by: robertwb
Priority: major Milestone: sage-2.9.2
Component: calculus Keywords:
Cc: Merged in:
Authors: Reviewers:
Report Upstream: Work issues:
Branch: Commit:
Dependencies: Stopgaps:
Description
Here are some examples that should probably work (from somebody named amscopub-travel)
As per an irc conversation last week, here is a list of math expressions using implicit multiplication. Sorry for the delay:
a b c(a^2 + b^2 + c^2)
a b + c^2 == y
(z/(2sin(y z/55))+y+x)^(z/(2sin(y z/55))+y+x)
2(x/2)^2+4(2x)^2
0==-16x^2+48x
(x+2)(x-1)
x^2-4x+4
2(x+3)(x-4)
2x^2-2x-25<=0
-16x^2+132x
2(x+3)(x-4)
x^2-5x+4
3(x-5)(x-5)
(x-1)(x-2)x
(a-b)(a-b)(a-b)
Take any usual python expression and drop the multiplication operator
(or really make it *optional*). So for example, 2*x would be 2x.
However, when ambiguity would result in variable names, use * or a
space. For example, a*b*c would be a b c (to distinguish from the
variable "abc").
A first version of this could simply be a function
implicit_mul
that takes a string as input, and outputs
Attachments (1)
1576-implicit_mul.diff (5.5 KB) - added by robertwb 6 years ago.
Download all attachments as: .zip
Change History (7)
comment:1 Changed 6 years ago by robertwb
• Owner changed from was to robertwb
• Status changed from new to assigned
comment:2 Changed 6 years ago by robertwb
I've implemented implicit_mul, the output for the above expressions are:
a*b*c(a^2 + b^2 + c^2)
a*b + c^2 == y
(z/(2*sin(y*z/55))+y+x)^(z/(2*sin(y*z/55))+y+x)
2*(x/2)^2+4*(2*x)^2
0==-16*x^2+48*x
(x+2)(x-1)
x^2-4*x+4
2*(x+3)(x-4)
2*x^2-2*x-25<=0
-16*x^2+132*x
2*(x+3)(x-4)
x^2-5*x+4
3*(x-5)(x-5)
(x-1)(x-2)*x
(a-b)(a-b)(a-b)
There is an optional flag, level, which at the highest value produces:
a*b*c(a^2 + b^2 + c^2)
(x+2)*(x-1)
...
(x-1)*(x-2)*x
(a-b)*(a-b)*(a-b)
Which could be bad, for example f(x)(y) would become f(x)*(y). In the first case, I have no idea how to deduce that c shouldn't be called.
At all but this highest level, I believe it never mangles valid Python. Just to test, I pre-parsed the entire SAGE library through this function and there were no changes.
Some more examples:
sage: from sage.misc.preparser import implicit_mul
sage: implicit_mul('(2x^2-4x+3)a0')
'(2*x^2-4*x+3)*a0'
sage: implicit_mul('a b c in L')
'a*b*c in L'
sage: implicit_mul('1r + 1e3 + 5exp(2)')
'1r + 1e3 + 5*exp(2)'
sage: implicit_mul('f(a)(b)', level=10)
'f(a)*(b)'
This is not yet on by default.
Changed 6 years ago by robertwb
comment:3 Changed 6 years ago by robertwb
• Summary changed from implicit multiplication -- sage needs to have *some* way to do this (even if not by default) to [with patch] implicit multiplication -- sage needs to have *some* way to do this (even if not by default)
comment:4 Changed 6 years ago by was
• Summary changed from [with patch] implicit multiplication -- sage needs to have *some* way to do this (even if not by default) to [with patch; very positive review] implicit multiplication -- sage needs to have *some* way to do this (even if not by default)
This is frickin awesome!
I think we should just enable this by default via the preparser.
WOW!
This is very nice to work with.
comment:5 Changed 6 years ago by was
william_stein: I just reviewed #1576
[09:02am] william_stein: It makes stuff like this work:
[09:02am] william_stein: sage: 2x^2-2x-25<=0
[09:02am] william_stein: 2*x^2 - 2*x - 25 <= 0
[09:02am] william_stein: sage: sin(2x)
[09:02am] william_stein: sin(2*x)
[09:02am] william_stein: sage: var('a,b,c')
[09:02am] william_stein: (a, b, c)
[09:02am] william_stein: sage: a b c(a^2 + b^2 + c^2)
[09:02am] william_stein: a*b*(c^2 + b^2 + a^2)
[09:02am] william_stein: But doesn't break anything.
[09:02am] william_stein: That last looks funny.
[09:03am] william_stein: It's because we still have implicit calling...
[09:06am] mabshoff: ok, is there any way you can give me some rights in the wiki to delete users?
[09:06am] mabshoff: Certain spammers are either comming back again and again or a re
[09:06am] mabshoff: registering under the same name over and over again.
[09:06am] mabshoff: mhansen did suggest installing a text based captcha, which should stop all the
[09:06am] mabshoff: machine driven spam.
[09:06am] mabshoff: I see. I don't like that to be enabled by default. What happens for Q[x,xy,y] ?
[09:06am] mabshoff: Then if you write xxyyx - what is that?
[09:06am] mabshoff: Or does that get covered by the patch?
[09:06am] mabshoff: the last one is *wrong*. Or what does c() do?
[09:06am] mabshoff: If c is a var it should be 'a*b*c*(...)'
[09:07am] william_stein: Just apply only the first patch posted and not the second.
[09:07am] william_stein: Then nothing happens by default.
[09:07am] william_stein: There are levels of implicit multiplication, by the way.
[09:07am] william_stein: In the future when c(...) is an error, that example above would raise an error.
[09:07am] mabshoff: Sure. We did discuss implicit multiplication a lot during the CoCoA language
[09:07am] william_stein: The default is not to do anything with the c (...) implicit mulitplication.
[09:07am] william_stein: But it works quite well in all other cases that I tried.
[09:07am] mabshoff: design specification and we came to the conclusion that it is evil.
[09:08am] william_stein: I like what Robert did.
[09:08am] william_stein: Singular has implicit mult also.
[09:08am] mabshoff: Does Maple or Mathematica let you do that?
[09:08am] william_stein: Maple doesn't I think. Mathematica certainly does and the users love it.
[09:08am] mabshoff: Sure, but it complicates the language parser enourmously.
[09:08am] william_stein: not for sage
[09:08am] mabshoff: What about newlines? Are they ignored, i.e.
[09:08am] mabshoff: a
[09:08am] william_stein: It was a half page of code. done.
[09:08am] mabshoff: b
[09:08am] mabshoff: it that a*b ?
[09:08am] william_stein: Python is way simpler!
[09:09am] william_stein: a and b are completely different statements
[09:09am] mabshoff: I believe you.
[09:09am] william_stein: and if you do "a backslash b" then it gets turned into one line before pre-parsing.
[09:09am] mabshoff: Because if you allow implicit multiplication accross lines all hell breaks loose.
[09:09am] mabshoff: Sure, in that case it is deliberate and the user implies that those are meant to be one line.
[09:10am] william_stein: In Python "across lines" sort of disappears...
[09:10am] mabshoff: I don't mind it being there, I just think that turning it on per default is bad.
[09:10am] william_stein: I disagree.
[09:10am] mabshoff:
[09:10am] william_stein: But for 2.9.2 turning on by default is bad.
[09:10am] william_stein: For 2.10 it may be different.
mabshoff: Well, ther certainly will be bugs to shake out, so I agree totally with merging the first patch
[09:10am] mabshoff: for 2.9.2. and then sort out the rest in 2.10
[09:10am] william_stein: good
comment:6 Changed 6 years ago by mabshoff
• Resolution set to fixed
• Status changed from assigned to closed
Merged in 2.9.2.rc1.
Note: See TracTickets for help on using tickets. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Jokela railway station
Jokela railway station (Jokelan rautatieasema, Jokela järnvägsstation) is located along the Finnish Main Line in Tuusula, Finland, 48 km to the north of Helsinki Central railway station. It is situated between the stations of Nuppulinna and Hyvinkää
The station serves the R and T VR commuter rail lines between Helsinki and the Riihimäki terminus to the north.
The station was the scene of the Jokela rail accident (pictured) on 21 April 1996, in which four people were killed after a train derailed in heavy fog. | WIKI |
Iceland was settled in the period 870 to 930 AD, the last of the European countries. Majority of the settlers were of Norse origin although many women were of Celtic origin. At that time Harald the Fairhair was unifying Norway into a single kingdom and many of the first settlers were Norwegian Magnates who had fled the king´s rule.
The Icelanders established Althing (the Parliament) in the year 930, where the meetings took place every summer at Thingvellir (parliament fields). The Althing was attended by 36 Chieftains (later 39) who could require every ninth self supporting farmer to attend the sessions with them. The parliament had legislative and judicial powers but there was no executive power – no king, military or police. The parliamentary sessions were also social occasions with fun and games which attracted many other men and women.
Parliamentary sessions were presided over by the Lawspeaker, elected for a 3 year period, who among other duties had to memorize and recite the laws, before written language. The Chieftains sat in the Lögrétta (Law Council) each accompanied by two advisers.
Spring assemblies were held in the regions, each assembly attended by three Chieftains. The spring assemblies were primarily judicial in nature and the chieftains nominated farmers to judge cases arising within their districts.
The period from 930 to 1262 is usually called the Old Commonwealth. The westward progress of the Vikings did not cease with Iceland. Before long they observed another land farther west and in the late 10th century Erik the Red established a permanent settlement in Greenland. His son was Leif Eriksson, who some years later landed on the North American continent.
The first settlers were pagans, believing in the Norse Gods, such as Odin, Thor, Freyr, Frigg and Freyja. Late 10th century the first Christian missionaries came to Iceland and soon Christianity gained ground in Iceland. At the parliamentary session in the year 1000 the situation was becoming critical , with two equally big factions, heathen and Christian, who could not agree on common jurisdiction. This crisis was eventually solved when the general assembly agreed that everybody should take the Christian religion. This is a remarkable solution as in most cases Christianity was forced on conquered peoples by victorious kings.
In the 13th century there were a few powerful families fighting for control of Iceland and the country was on the brink of a civil war. To make a long story short it was finally decided, in order to preserve the peace, to give up Iceland´s independence to the King of Norway, in year 1262. Thus Iceland was part of the Norwegian Kingdom until Denmark took power in Norway in the 16th century. Iceland remained part of the Danish Kingdom until 1944 when the Icelandic Democratic Republic was established.
The history of the Icelanders is marked by the harsh climate and rough nature. Volcanic eruptions and arctic winters which wiped out life stock and part of the population from time to time. And geographical isolation which helped us to preserve our language and at the same time created the basis for national identity and unique classical literature, the Icelandic Sagas. More about that under the heading Culture | FINEWEB-EDU |
Robert Landale
Robert Landale (17 December 1832 – 5 November 1903) was an Australian politician, elected as a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly.
Born at Lindifferon in Fife, Landale was a pastoralist who settled in the Moulamein area in 1860s with his brother Alexander. He was elected as the member for Murray in December 1864 and represented it for the rest of the parliamentary term, finishing in November 1869. He died on 5 November 1903 in England, and is buried in Brookwood Cemetery in a substantial family plot in Plot 103.
He was survived by his wife Eliza Harvey, a daughter and four sons, Robert Hunter, Cyril, Percy and Walter. | WIKI |
Page:Master Frisky (1902).djvu/16
fidently in my hand and licking it repeatedly, saying as plainly as he could in dog language, "I want to be your doggie; please buy me; I will be good, please get me."
If I went to pet any of the other dogs, this persistent little collie would push in between and try to attract attention. "I believe I will take this dog," I said; and as though he at once took possession of me, the little fellow jumped up into my lap, wagging his tail, and grinning from ear to ear.
I paid the price of the collie pup, and found myself the owner of this wriggling, squirming bit of a dog. When I lifted him into the carriage, he trembled and looked very scared; but I patted his head and reassured him, and he soon became quiet. He had never been up so high, though, before, and was frightened when he looked over the side of the carriage, which he kept doing. Finally he cuddled down under my leg and went to sleep, and did not wake up until I lifted him out, and placed him upon the doorsteps safe at home. | WIKI |
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Center of gravity Essay
The point in a body or system of bodies at which the whole mass may be considered as concentrated. When an object’s weight is distributed uniformly, the center of gravity lies at its geometrical center. For irregular shaped objects, the center of gravity is near to the concentration of its mass. Equation:
Where:
X= center of gravity
xi= distance of the objects from fulcrum or arbitrary axis mi= mass of the object
Sample Problems
1.) Suppose your lab partner has a height of 173cm and a weight of 715N. You can determine the position of his center of gravity by having him stretched out on a uniform board supported by one end by a scale. If the board’s weight is 49N and the scale reading is 3.50×10 2N, find the distance of your lab partner’s center of gravity from the left end of the board.
2.) Three particles located in a coordinate system as shown below. Find the center of gravity.
Equilibrium
A state of a system where the system is balanced.
In physics, an object is in equilibrium when it has zero acceleration — when the net force acting on it is zero.
Two Types of Equilibrium
1.) Translational Equilibrium
– a body is in translational equilibrium when no net force acts on it. The vector sum of the forces is equal to zero. 2.) Rotational Equilibrium
– a body is in rotational equilibrium when no net torque acts on it. The sum of the torques is equal to zero.
Conditions for Equilibrium
The first condition of equilibrium:
“For a body to be in equilibrium, the vector sum of all the forces acting on that body must be zero.” (ΣF = 0)
The second condition of equilibrium:
“For a body to be in rotational equilibrium, the sum of all the torques acting on that body must be zero.” (ΣΓ = 0)
Essay Topics:
Sorry, but copying text is forbidden on this website. If you need this or any other sample, we can send it to you via email. Please, specify your valid email address
We can't stand spam as much as you do No, thanks. I prefer suffering on my own | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
The effects of light-weight interface material on the stress wave propagation in the multilayered composite armor system
tarafından
Tunusoğlu, Gözde.
Başlık
The effects of light-weight interface material on the stress wave propagation in the multilayered composite armor system
Yazar
Tunusoğlu, Gözde.
Yazar Ek Girişi
Tunusoğlu, Gözde.
Yayın Bilgileri
[s.l.]: [s.n.], 2011.
Fiziksel Tanımlama
xiii, 117 leaves. : ill. + 1 computer laser optical disc.
Özet
The main purpose of the current study is to investigate the effect of interlayer material on the ballistic performance of composite armor and stress wave propagation both experimentally and numerically. Three different interlayer materials, EPDM rubber, Teflon and Aluminum metallic foam, were tried. Relatively large pieces of the ceramic around the impact axis in the rubber interlayer configuration were observed while the ceramic layer was efficiently fragmented in Aluminum foam and Teflon interlayer configurations. Accordingly, more significant amount of delamination in composite layer of without interlayer, larger and deeper delamination in EPDM rubber configurations was observed while fewer amounts were observed on Teflon and Aluminum foam configurations .Also, all interlayers caused reduction in the magnitude of the stress transmitted to the composite backing plate, particularly Aluminum foam. However, EPDM rubber did not cause delay in the initial stress build-up in the composite layer, whereas Teflon (~15 ms) and Aluminum foam (~25 ms) caused a significant delay. Also, as ceramic was efficiently fragmented in Teflon and Aluminum metallic foam interlayer configurations, greater amount of projectile kinetic energy was absorbed in this layer, as a consequence, the remaining energy which was transmitted to composite backing plate was decreased. At this point, the effectiveness of Aluminum foam and Teflon were validated with conducting ballistic tests and corresponding numerical simulations and impact chamber tests. After this validation, the ballistic performance of aforementioned materials was compared at equal areal densities. Finally, Aluminum foam was found to be more effective interlayers in reducing the stress values transmitted to the composite backing plate and reduction of the damage imparted to this layer.
Konu Başlığı
Composite materials -- Impact testing
Stress waves.
Aluminum foam.
Ballistics.
Yazar Ek Girişi
Taşdemirci, Alper.
Tüzel Kişi Ek Girişi
İzmir Institute of Technology. Mechanical Engineering.
Tek Biçim Eser Adı
Thesis (Master)--İzmir Institute of Technology: Mechanical Engineering.
İzmir Institute of Technology: Mechanical Engineering--Thesis (Master).
Elektronik Erişim
Access to Electronic Version.
LibraryMateryal TürüDemirbaş NumarasıYer NumarasıDurumu/İade Tarihi
IYTE LibraryTezT000925TA418.9.C6 T927 2011Tez Koleksiyonu | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:Remi aluko
Introduction
Remi Aluko (real name; Aderemi Ayinde Aluko) is a Nigerian Fuji musician (Born September 29) to Christian parents. His friends influenced his music career. Although the genre is predominately muslim, Remi chose the path because he likes to entertain his own people with his own style of music.
Background
Remi Aluko was born into a Christian background. He grew up in Ebute Metta area of Lagos and attended Agojaiya Primary School, Ebute metta. He did not attend any Secondary School due to hardship and lack of funds.
Music Career
Remi Aluko's music was influenced by his friends. He likes to entertain and so whenever he is with his friends, he entertains them. He has recorded numerous albums including some features with top artistes from various genres which also shows how dynamic he can be.
Controversy
Remi Aluko was once accused of theftin 2013. The news was all over the media and internet. It was also rumored that due to this accusation, he was tortured till he lost his sight which Remi has come to refute and call untrue.
Remi Aluko had an eye infection called [glaucoma]. He has traveled to various countries for surgery of which were all successful.
Current Life
Remi Aluko is still active in music and also has various shows
Studio Album
* Celebration (1998)
* Goodnews (1999)
* The Child (2000)
* One Time (2001/2002)
* Ajela (2003/2004)
* Dublin Extra & Best Dublin Dance (2005/2006)
* Nice One (2007)
* Big Journey (2010) | WIKI |
Page:Dick Hamilton's Steam Yacht.djvu/86
70 I knew there was something wrong as soon as I see him, and that's why I made a jump for him, but he was too quick for me."
"But who does this yacht belong to?" asked Dick. "We seem to be all alone on it."
"I hope we are. I don't want to have anything to do with those fellows. I don't know who owns the craft. Like as not Shrouder has an interest in her. But let's get ashore, and then we'll call on Mr. Blake and let him know what's in the wind. It was all a plant, I tell you, to get you aboard, and then they'd have robbed you."
"But I don't carry much money with me," objected Dick.
"No matter. They'd have found some way to get it out of you, or your father. But, come on, let's leave this bilge-water craft. Phew! It hasn't been swabbed out in a month of Sundays."
Stumping to the opposite side of the deck Widdy signaled to the motor launch at the dock, the owner of it having agreed to come off and take Dick and the sailor whenever they waved a flag. In a few minutes the two were speeding downtown toward the lawyer's office, their questioning of the captain of the launch having resulted in nothing. He had no knowledge concerning the Princess, or the men on her.
As Widdy had surmised, the note purporting to come from Mr. Blake was a bald forgery, but, since Dick had never seen the attorney's writing, it was easy enough to deceive him. | WIKI |
好き勝手に・げーあにん？
ファミコンと同い年の社会人ヌルオタの日記
ちゃんとアクセサを書こうと思い立つ
アクセサ書いたほうがいいのか、public とか friend 使ったほうがいいのかとかの議論をする気は無くて、ただアクセサを書いたほうがいいなと思ったできごとがあったので*1しばらくやってみようというメモ。
C++はマクロがあるから、アクセサ書くぐらい大した手間じゃなさそうだし。特に目新しいことはやっていない、俺ルール用アクセサ定義マクロメモ。
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
/* 値コピー */
#define DEF_GETTER(T, var) T var() const {return _##var;}
#define DEF_SETTER(T, var) void var(T o) {_##var = o;}
#define DEF_ACCESSOR(T, var) \
DEF_GETTER(T, var) DEF_SETTER(T, var)
/* 参照で */
#define DEF_GETTER_REF(T, var) const T& var() const {return _##var;}
#define DEF_SETTER_REF(T, var) void var(const T& o) {_##var = o;}
#define DEF_ACCESSOR_REF(T, var) \
DEF_GETTER_REF(T, var) DEF_SETTER_REF(T, var)
/* ポインタで */
#define DEF_GETTER_POINTER(T, var) const T* var() const {return &_##var;}
#define DEF_SETTER_POINTER(T, var) DEF_SETTER_REF(T, var)
#define DEF_ACCESSOR_POINTER(T, var) \
DEF_GETTER_POINTER(T, var) DEF_SETTER_POINTER(T, var)
template<typename T, size_t N>
size_t lengthof(T (&)[N]) {return N;}
/* 固定配列長取得 */
#define DEF_ARRAY_LENGTH(var) \
size_t var##_length() const {return lengthof(_##var);}
/* 配列先頭 */
#define DEF_ARRAY_GETTER(T, var) const T* var() const {return _##var;}
#define DEF_ARRAY_SETTER(T, var) T* var() {return _##var;}
#define DEF_ARRAY_ACCESSOR(T, var) \
DEF_ARRAY_GETTER(T, var) DEF_ARRAY_SETTER(T, var)
/* 配列要素：コピー */
#define DEF_ARRAY_AT_GETTER(T, var) \
DEF_ARRAY_GETTER(T, var)\
T var(size_t i) const {return _##var[i];}
#define DEF_ARRAY_AT_SETTER(T, var) \
DEF_ARRAY_SETTER(T, var)\
void var(size_t i, T o) {_##var[i] = o;}
#define DEF_ARRAY_AT_ACCESSOR(T, var) \
DEF_ARRAY_AT_GETTER(T, var) DEF_ARRAY_AT_SETTER(T, var)
/* 配列要素：参照 */
#define DEF_ARRAY_AT_GETTER_REF(T, var) \
DEF_ARRAY_GETTER(T, var)\
T& var(size_t i) const {return _##var[i];}
#define DEF_ARRAY_AT_SETTER_REF(T, var) \
DEF_ARRAY_SETTER(T, var)\
void var(size_t i, const T& o) {_##var[i] = o;}
#define DEF_ARRAY_AT_ACCESSOR_REF(T, var) \
DEF_ARRAY_AT_GETTER_REF(T, var) DEF_ARRAY_AT_SETTER_REF(T, var)
/* 配列要素：ポインタ */
#define DEF_ARRAY_AT_GETTER_POINTER(T, var) \
DEF_ARRAY_GETTER(T, var)\
const T* var(size_t i) const {return &_##var[i];}
#define DEF_ARRAY_AT_SETTER_POINTER(T, var) \
DEF_ARRAY_AT_SETTER_REF(T, var)
#define DEF_ARRAY_AT_ACCESSOR_POINTER(T, var) \
DEF_ARRAY_AT_GETTER_POINTER(T, var) DEF_ARRAY_AT_SETTER_POINTER(T, var)
/* 使ってみる */
struct Pos
{
double x,y;
};
class Hoge
{
public:
Hoge() {
b(-2);
strncpy(_name2, "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz", name2_length());
_name2[name2_length()-1] = '\0';
}
DEF_ACCESSOR(int, a)
DEF_GETTER(int, b)
DEF_ACCESSOR(const char*, name)
DEF_ARRAY_LENGTH(f)
DEF_ARRAY_AT_ACCESSOR(float, f)
DEF_ARRAY_LENGTH(name2)
DEF_ARRAY_GETTER(char, name2)
DEF_ACCESSOR_REF(Pos, pos)
DEF_ARRAY_LENGTH(pos2)
DEF_ARRAY_AT_ACCESSOR_POINTER(Pos, pos2)
protected:
DEF_SETTER(int, b)
//DEF_ARRAY_SETTER(char, name2) // compile error
private:
int _a;
int _b;
const char *_name;
float _f[3];
char _name2[10];
Pos _pos;
Pos _pos2[2];
};
int main(int argc, char** args)
{
Hoge hoge;
/* 基本型 */
hoge.a(100);
//hoge.b(100); // compile error
printf("%d, %d\n", hoge.a(), hoge.b());
/* ポインタ(文字列) */
hoge.name("tanku");
printf("%s, %d\n", hoge.name(), strlen(hoge.name()));
/* 基本型の配列 */
for (size_t i = 0; i < hoge.f_length(); ++i) {
hoge.f(i, i*10);
printf("%f\n", hoge.f(i));
// 先頭のポインタは見れないほうがいいかもなぁ
hoge.f()[i] = i;
printf("%f,", hoge.f()[i]);
}
printf("\n");
/* 基本型の配列（文字列） */
printf("%s, %d/%d\n"
, hoge.name2(), strlen(hoge.name2()), hoge.name2_length());
/* 参照 */
hoge.pos((Pos){10, 20});
printf("%f, %f\n", hoge.pos().x, hoge.pos().y);
/* 配列：setは参照渡し、getはポインタ */
Pos pos[] = {{1000, 2000}, {3000, 4000}};
for (size_t i = 0; i < hoge.pos2_length(); ++i) {
hoge.pos2(i, pos[i]);
printf("%f, %f\n", hoge.pos2(i)->x, hoge.pos2(i)->y);
}
return 0;
}
勢いあまって配列も書いてみたけど微妙だ。boost::array ありきで書いたほうがよかったか。
setter は template 使えば型指定いらないけど、コピペの都合で。
//DEF_ARRAY_SETTER(char, name2) // compile error
あれー、これ解決できなくなるのか‥‥。get_x(), set_x() とかにすれば解決なんだけども。冗長だよなぁ。仕方ないのかなぁ。x() と set_x() にするのが無難なのか。protected の方はアクセサ作らなきゃいいとか‥‥最初の目的、忘れかけてるな。
あんまり演算子オーバーロードしない人なので（いいわけ）。Posにアクセサがないというツッコミ禁止（いいわけ2）。
さらに勢いあまって変数の定義ごとマクロ化してみたりとか。
class Huga
{
#define DEF_MEMBER(T, var, getmod, getter, setmod, setter, init)
#define DEF_MEMBERS \
DEF_MEMBER(int, x, public, DEF_GETTER, public, DEF_SETTER, 111)\
DEF_MEMBER(int, y, public, DEF_GETTER, private, DEF_SETTER, 222)\
DEF_MEMBER(int, z, protected, DEF_GETTER, private, DEF_SETTER, 333)
#include "member.h"
public:
Huga() {DEF_MEMBERS}
};
int main(int argc, char** args)
{
Huga huga;
huga.x(3000);
printf("%d, %d\n", huga.x(), huga.y());
return 0;
}
member.h
#undef DEF_MEMBER
#define DEF_MEMBER(T, var, getmod, getter, setmod, setter, init) T _##var;
private:
DEF_MEMBERS
#undef DEF_MEMBER
#define DEF_MEMBER(T, var, getmod, getter, setmod, setter, init) \
getmod: getter(T, var) setmod: setter(T, var)
DEF_MEMBERS
#undef DEF_MEMBER
#define DEF_MEMBER(T, var, getmod, getter, setmod, setter, init) \
_##var = init;
これはやりすぎか。初期化は汚くなるだろうと思いつつ、ついカッとなって。なんか g++ -E の結果みてたら無駄に楽しくなってきてしまった。初期化を除けば悪くない気も‥‥しないか。
C/C++のライブラリで各種命名をラクダ記法で書かれたライブラリが少ないのって、マクロにしづらいからなんだろうなー、という事に今さら気づいたわ。いや、もっと違う理由なのかもしれないけど。
# 追記
文字化けしてたからちょっと直した。
# 追記2
文字化けするの、その場編集したときだけっぽい？
*1:他の人の変なバグを追ってるときになんだかんだと | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
гръм
Etymology 1
From.
Noun
* 1) thunder
* 2) lightning, thunderbolt
* 3) thunderclap
* 4) report (the sharp, loud sound from a gun or explosion)
* 5) loud noise, crash
* 1) loud noise, crash
* 1) loud noise, crash
Etymology 2
From. Akin to 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬 / gȑm. Further cognates include 🇨🇬.
Noun
* 1) (Kjustendil and Pernik Provinces) shrub, shrubbery | WIKI |
Page:History of Greece Vol III.djvu/252
238 HISTORY OF GREECE. Herakleia, Chersonesus, and Theodosia, on the southern coast and south-western corner of the peninsula, Pantikapneum and the Teian colony of Phanagoria (these two on the European and Asiatic sides of the Cimmerian Bosphorus respectively), and Kepi, Hermonassa, etc. not far from Phanagoria, on the Asi- atic coast of the Euxine : last of all, there was, even at the extremity of the Palus Maaotis (Sea of Azof), the Grecian set- tlement of Tanais. 1 All or most of these seem to have been founded during the course of the sixth century B. c., though the precise dates of most of them cannot be named ; probably sev- eral of them anterior to the time of the mystic poet Aristeas of Prokonnesus, about 540 B. c. His long voyage from the Palus Maeotis (Sea of Azof) into the interior of Asia as far as the country of the Issedones (described in a poem, now lost, called the Arimaspian verses), implies an habitual intercourse between Scythians and Greeks which could not well have existed without Grecian establishments on the Cimmerian Bosphorus. Hekatasus of Miletus, 2 appears to have given much geograph- ical information respecting the Scythian tribes; but Herodotus, who personally visited the town of Olbia, together with the inland regions adjoining to it, and probably other Grecian settle- ments in the Euxine (at a time which we may presume to have been about 450-440 B. c.), and who conversed with both Scy- thians and Greeks competent to give him information, has left 1 Compare Dr. Clarke's description of the present commerce between Taganrock not far from the ancient Greek settlement of Tanais and the Archipelago : besides exporting salt-fish, corn, leather, etc. in exchange for wines, fruit, etc. it is the great deposit of Siberian productions : from Orenburg it receives tallow, furs, iron, etc; this is, doubtless, as old as Herodotus (Clarke's Travels in Russia, ch. xv, p. 330). 3 Hckatsei Fragment. Fr. 153, 168, ed. Klausen. Ilekatajus mentioned the Issedones (Fr. 168; Stcph. Byz. v, 'Jtru^Jovef) ; both he and Damastes seem to have been familiar with the poem of Aristeas : sec Klausen, ad loc.; Steph. Byz. v, '"fireppopeioi. Compare also JEschyl. Promcth. 409, 710, 805. Ilellanikus, also, seems to have spoken about Scythia in a manner gen- erally conformable to Herodotus (Strabo, xii, p. 550). It does little credit to the discernment of Strabo that he treats with disdain the valuable Scythian chapter of Herodotus, anep 'E/Ucm/eof ical 'Hpodorof Kal iuv (/&). | WIKI |
bookmark
1 barges = 204.1166 quintals
Barges to Quintals Conversion
Barge to quintal conversion allow you make a conversion between barge and quintal easily. You can find the tool in the following.
Weight Conversion
to
input
= 204.11660000
= 2.04117 × 102
= 2.04117E2
= 2.04117e2
= 510.29150000
= 5.10292 × 102
= 5.10292E2
= 5.10292e2
= 816.46640000
= 8.16466 × 102
= 8.16466E2
= 8.16466e2
= 1,122.64130000
= 11.2264 × 102
= 11.2264E2
= 11.2264e2
= 1,428.81620000
= 14.2882 × 102
= 14.2882E2
= 14.2882e2
= 1,734.99110000
= 17.3499 × 102
= 17.3499E2
= 17.3499e2
= 2,041.16600000
= 20.4117 × 102
= 20.4117E2
= 20.4117e2
Quick Look: barges to quintals
barge1 barge2 barge3 barge4 barge5 barge6 barge7 barge8 barge9 barge10 barge11 barge12 barge13 barge14 barge15 barge16 barge17 barge18 barge19 barge20 barge21 barge22 barge23 barge24 barge25 barge26 barge27 barge28 barge29 barge30 barge31 barge32 barge33 barge34 barge35 barge36 barge37 barge38 barge39 barge40 barge41 barge42 barge43 barge44 barge45 barge46 barge47 barge48 barge49 barge50 barge51 barge52 barge53 barge54 barge55 barge56 barge57 barge58 barge59 barge60 barge61 barge62 barge63 barge64 barge65 barge66 barge67 barge68 barge69 barge70 barge71 barge72 barge73 barge74 barge75 barge76 barge77 barge78 barge79 barge80 barge81 barge82 barge83 barge84 barge85 barge86 barge87 barge88 barge89 barge90 barge91 barge92 barge93 barge94 barge95 barge96 barge97 barge98 barge99 barge100 barge
quintal204.1166 q408.2332 q612.3498 q816.4664 q1,020.583 q1,224.6996 q1,428.8162 q1,632.9328 q1,837.0494 q2,041.166 q2,245.2826 q2,449.3992 q2,653.5158 q2,857.6324 q3,061.749 q3,265.8656 q3,469.9822 q3,674.0988 q3,878.2154 q4,082.332 q4,286.4486 q4,490.5652 q4,694.6818 q4,898.7984 q5,102.915 q5,307.0316 q5,511.1482 q5,715.2648 q5,919.3814 q6,123.498 q6,327.6146 q6,531.7312 q6,735.8478 q6,939.9644 q7,144.081 q7,348.1976 q7,552.3142 q7,756.4308 q7,960.5474 q8,164.664 q8,368.7806 q8,572.8972 q8,777.0138 q8,981.1304 q9,185.247 q9,389.3636 q9,593.4802 q9,797.5968 q10,001.7134 q10,205.83 q10,409.9466 q10,614.0632 q10,818.1798 q11,022.2964 q11,226.413 q11,430.5296 q11,634.6462 q11,838.7628 q12,042.8794 q12,246.996 q12,451.1126 q12,655.2292 q12,859.3458 q13,063.4624 q13,267.579 q13,471.6956 q13,675.8122 q13,879.9288 q14,084.0454 q14,288.162 q14,492.2786 q14,696.3952 q14,900.5118 q15,104.6284 q15,308.745 q15,512.8616 q15,716.9782 q15,921.0948 q16,125.2114 q16,329.328 q16,533.4446 q16,737.5612 q16,941.6778 q17,145.7944 q17,349.911 q17,554.0276 q17,758.1442 q17,962.2608 q18,166.3774 q18,370.494 q18,574.6106 q18,778.7272 q18,982.8438 q19,186.9604 q19,391.077 q19,595.1936 q19,799.3102 q20,003.4268 q20,207.5434 q20,411.66 q
Barge is the unit of measure of weight.
Name of unitSymbolDefinitionRelation to SI unitsUnit System
barge
≡ 22 12 short ton
= 20411.65665 kg
Imperial/US
conversion table
bargesquintalsbargesquintals
1= 204.116611= 2245.2826
2.5= 510.291512.5= 2551.4575
4= 816.466414= 2857.6324
5.5= 1122.641315.5= 3163.8073
7= 1428.816217= 3469.9822
8.5= 1734.991118.5= 3776.1571
10= 2041.16620= 4082.332
The quintal or centner is a historical unit of mass in many countries which is usually defined as 100 base units of either pounds or kilograms. It is commonly used for grain prices in wholesale markets in India, where 1 quintal = 100 kg.
Name of unitSymbolDefinitionRelation to SI unitsUnit System
quintalq
≡ 100 kg
≡ 100 kg
Imperial/US
conversion table
quintalsbargesquintalsbarges
1= 0.004899160577826611= 0.053890766356093
2.5= 0.01224790144456612.5= 0.061239507222832
4= 0.01959664231130614= 0.068588248089572
5.5= 0.02694538317804615.5= 0.075936988956312
7= 0.03429412404478617= 0.083285729823052
8.5= 0.04164286491152618.5= 0.090634470689792
10= 0.04899160577826620= 0.097983211556532
Conversion table
bargesquintals
1= 204.1166
0.0048992= 1
Legend
SymbolDefinition
exactly equal
approximately equal to
=equal to
digitsindicates that digits repeat infinitely (e.g. 8.294 369 corresponds to 8.294 369 369 369 369 …) | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
The Dirt Band (album)
The Dirt Band is the tenth album from the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band.
Track listing
* 1) "In For The Night" (Ed Sanford, John Townsend)
* 2) "Wild Nights" (Jeff Hanna, Jimmie Fadden)
* 3) "For a Little While" (Bob Carpenter, David James Holster)
* 4) "Lights" (Rick Roberts)
* 5) "Escaping Reality" (Casey Kelly)
* 6) "Whoa Babe" (Jimmie Faddden)
* 7) "White Russia" (John McEuen, William E. McEuen)
* 8) "You Can't Stop Loving Me Now" (Jeff Pollard)
* 9) "On The Loose" (Jeff Hanna)
* 10) "Angel" (Jeff Hanna, Jimmie Fadden)
Personnel
* Jeff Hanna – vocal, electric guitar, percussion, guitars
* Jimmy Fadden – harp, vocals, syndrums, national guitar, percussion
* John McEuen – lap steel, banjo, acoustic guitar, steel guitar, mandolin, fiddle, dobro
* Bob Carpenter – piano, organ, background vocals, accordion
* Al Garth – Sax, fiddle, horns, guitars, percussion, clarinet, recorders, electric piano
* Merle Bregante – drums, percussion
* Richard Hathaway – bass, guitars, percussion
* Additional musicians
* Mickey Thomas – scat vocals
* Leon Medica – bass, guitars
* Micheal MacDonald – Background Vocal
* Rosemary Butler – Background Vocal
* Jan Garrett – Background Vocal
* Al Kooper – Arp Strings
* Bobby Mason – electric rhythm guitar
* Bryan Savage – horns
* Denny Christensen – horns
* Whoa Jane Cicero – percussion
* A. Haden Gregg – background vocals
* Greg "Fingers" Taylor – harp
Production
* Producer – Jeff Hanna
* Engineer – Jerry Cell | WIKI |
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 11.djvu/501
THIRTY-FOURTH CONGRESS. Sess. I. Ch. 94, 95, 96, 97. 1856. 461 pancy and improvement of said lands, and paying therefor the minimum price of one dollar and twenty-five cents per acre; and, upon such proof and payment being made, a certiiicate and patent shall issue for said lots P¤*°¤*> '>° iSS“°· as in other cases of sales of public lands. Approved, August 11, 1856. CHAP. XCIV.-An Act for the Relig of the “Columbian Harman_1] Society/," of the City Aug- H, 1856- of Washington. W Be it enacted bg the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the association of tree H C°l¤mbé¤ i persons of color in the City of Washington, commonly known as the e,?,r;1Q°3,l,,.i;Q°d` “ Columbia Harmony Society," be, and they are hereby, authorized and to sell et certain empowered to sell a certain square of ground, deeded to them on the f3;?:; git5V;'?;;` twenty-sixth day of January, one thousand eight hundred and twenty-nine, invest proceeds by J. Elgar, Commissioner of Public Buildings, and known in the plat iy¤1<>= °¤fSid° of Washington City as square number four hundred and seventy-five, and rp°"°'°° to reinvest the proceeds of such sale in other grounds in the District of Columbia, outside of the corporate limits of the City of Washington : Provided, That no contract for the sale of said square shall be binding Sale and inuntil first approved by the Secretary of the Interior, and that the rein- ;°“m°“* *° b° . . . . pproved b vestment of the funds arising from such sale, shall in like manner be Sggretary ggthe subject to the approval of the Secretary aforesaid. * l¤¥<·>1`i0¤‘· Approved, August 11, 1856. CHAP. XCV.—An Act jbr the Reliefof Daniel Doland. Aug. 13, 1856. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Secretary of the In- Daum Dokmd terior be, and he is hereby, directed to place the name of Daniel Doland, to be placed on a private in Captain Steele’s company of New York volunteers, during §‘g“fg°" mu M .. . . . . per month the Mexican war, on the roll of invalid pensioners, and pay him the sum {0,- ms, r,-Om of six dollars and seventy-five cents per month, from the first day of Jan- JM- L 1865- uary, eighteen hundred and fifty-five, during his natural life. Approved, August 13, 1856. Cnr. XCVI.—An Actfar the Reliefqf Charles Stearns. Aug, 13, 1856. Be it enacted by the Senate and Phase of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Secretary of the Charles Stearns Treasury be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to pay to Charles gg g§OP*"d Stearns, out of any money in the treasury not otherwise appropriated, the ’ ` sum of five thousand dollars, to indemnify him for losses sustained and expenses incurred in defending his title to certain lands claimed by the United States; and also in defending two criminal prosecutions brought against him by direction of the Secretary of War. Approved, August 13, 1856. CHAP. XCVII.-—An Act to construe the Act entitled, "An Act jbr the Relief of James M. Aug. 13, 1856. G¤ggin,” approved twenty-seventh July, eighteen hundred and jijty;fbur. W Be it enacted bg the Senate and House of Representatives of the United 1854 ch 153 States of America in Congress assembled, That the Postmaster-Gem VOL pz Bod eral be, and is hereby, authorized and required, so to construe the act of Congress, approved twenty-seventh July, eighteen hundred and f:ifty-four, for the relief of James M. Goggin, late special agent of the Post-Ofilce J&;zm“z£_ Department in Califbmia, as that he shall be paid the same salary for g1¤,1ss4;ch. the time he acted as such agent, as is now paid to his successor in office 168- voL. XI.· Pnrv.-61 | WIKI |
In every pregnancy, a woman starts out with a 3-5% chance of having a baby with a birth defect. This is called her background risk. This sheet talks about whether exposure to methotrexate may increase the risk for birth defects over that background risk. This information should not take the place of medical care and advice from your health care provider.
What is methotrexate?
Methotrexate is a medication that can stop the growth of cells and can interfere with the immune system. Methotrexate is prescribed to treat many conditions, including cancers and autoimmune conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. Methotrexate is also used to treat ectopic pregnancies (ones that grow outside the uterus). It can be taken by mouth, intravenous injection, or intramuscular injection. Methotrexate is prescribed in a range of doses including low doses for rheumatoid arthritis to high doses for cancer. Methotrexate is sold under the brand names Otrexup®, Trexall®, and Rasuvo®.
Methotrexate decreases the body’s ability to break down and use folic acid. During pregnancy, folic acid is important for normal development of the baby. If you have recently stopped taking methotrexate and are planning to get pregnant, talk with your health care provider about taking folic acid and what dose you should take.
How long does methotrexate stay in the body?
Every person’s ability to break down medication is different. The time for methotrexate to leave the body also varies with dose. However, methotrexate is mostly cleared from the body of a non-pregnant adult within one week after the last dose is taken. Certain medications may slow down the clearance of methotrexate. Individuals who have reduced kidney function or a condition that leads to extra body fluid may clear methotrexate more slowly.
I am currently taking methotrexate, but would like to become pregnant. How long do I need to wait to become pregnant after I stop taking methotrexate?
Some health care providers suggest waiting 1 to 3 months after stopping methotrexate to ensure the medication has been cleared from the body. However, there are no reports of babies being born with methotrexate-related birth defects when mom stops taking this medication before conception.
I have recently been treated with methotrexate for an ectopic pregnancy and I want to try to become pregnant again. What do I need to know?
Before you try to become pregnant again, you should confirm with your health care provider that the ectopic pregnancy has been treated and you are no longer pregnant. Your health care provider may want to monitor your levels of hCG (a hormone produced during pregnancy) in order to confirm you are not pregnant.
If I get pregnant while taking methotrexate, what should I do?
Contact your health care provider right away so they can discuss your specific risks, as well as suggest prenatal testing. Prenatal testing may involve a blood or amniotic fluid test that can assess for neural tube defects (such as spina bifida, a defect involving the baby’s spinal cord) and a detailed ultrasound to look at the growth and development of the baby. Ultrasounds done in the second or third trimester can show some birth defects associated with methotrexate, but are not able to detect all potential problems caused by a methotrexate exposure.
Will my past methotrexate use make it harder for me to get pregnant?
Probably not. One study on infertility patients treated with methotrexate for ectopic pregnancy suggested a decreased number of eggs available for fertilization, however this was temporary. Other studies have not shown risks to fertility with use of methotrexate. Because methotrexate is known to increase the risk for birth defects when taken in the first trimester, women who are actively trying to become pregnant should not be taking methotrexate.
Does exposure to methotrexate cause an increased risk for miscarriage?
Since methotrexate can be used to abort pregnancies or treat ectopic pregnancies, it seems likely that methotrexate use in early pregnancy would increase the risk of a miscarriage. Small studies have reported an increased risk for miscarriage, however more studies are needed to determine the chance a woman might have of a miscarriage after exposure to methotrexate during pregnancy.
Can taking methotrexate in pregnancy cause birth defects?
Yes. The use of methotrexate in the first trimester has been associated with a specific pattern of birth defects. This pattern of birth defects includes malformations of the infant’s head, face, limbs, and bones. Poor growth, developmental delay, and intellectual disability have also been described. For other birth defects, like heart defects and oral clefts, the evidence is currently not strong enough to show that methotrexate is the cause.
Limited evidence suggests that a pregnant woman will be at risk for having a baby with methotrexate-related birth defects if she takes 10 mg or more of methotrexate per week between 6 and 8 weeks after conception (8 to 10 weeks after the first day of her last menstrual period). More research is needed on the risks related to specific timing and dose of methotrexate to draw firm conclusions.
One 2009 review paper reported no increase in miscarriage or birth defect rates in 101 women with rheumatoid arthritis who were exposed to 5-25mg/week of methotrexate in the first trimester. While reassuring, this paper does not mean there is no risk for low dose methotrexate exposure in the first trimester.
Is it OK to restart methotrexate after the first trimester?
No. Methotrexate should continue to be avoided after the first trimester. During the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, the baby is still growing and the brain is still developing. Poor growth and learning problems have been associated with methotrexate, so use after the first trimester is a potential concern.
Can I take methotrexate while breastfeeding?
There are no studies looking at the effects of methotrexate in the breastfed infant. Methotrexate passes into breast milk in small amounts. Because of its toxic properties and possible buildup of the drug in an infant’s body, some providers do not recommend methotrexate in breastfeeding.
However, some breastfeeding experts believe that weekly low-dose methotrexate, such as the dose used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, is a low risk to the breastfed infant. If a woman and her health care provider decide to continue low-dose methotrexate treatment while breastfeeding, monitoring of the baby’s blood count is suggested. Be sure to talk to your health care provider about all your breastfeeding questions.
If a man uses methotrexate, will it cause infertility or birth defects in the baby?
Methotrexate may cause an increased risk for infertility, not birth defects. Low sperm count has been seen in some men using methotrexate. Most of these men were using high doses of the medication, as well as other medications used to treat cancer. Sperm levels returned to normal after the men stopped taking methotrexate. Men who need to take methotrexate as part of cancer treatment may want to consider banking sperm prior to treatment.
There are no reports suggesting that men who use methotrexate at the time of conception are more likely to father a baby with a birth defect. Four studies noted no increase in birth defects in the children of 65 men who had taken methotrexate around the time of conception. However, due to general concern rather than actual risks, some health care providers recommend that men wait at least 3 months after stopping methotrexate before trying to conceive. For more information, please see the MotherToBaby fact sheet Paternal Exposures and Pregnancy at https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/paternal-exposures-pregnancy/pdf/.
MotherToBaby is currently conducting a study looking at autoimmune conditions and the medications used to treat these conditions in pregnancy. If you are interested in taking part in this study, please call 1-877-311-8972 or sign up at https://mothertobaby.org/join-study/.
References Available By Request | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Model,view,control are not connecting
Hello
I create modal MyloginForm:-
<?php
class MyloginForm extends CFormModel
{
public $email;
public $password;
private $_identity;
public function rules()
{
return array
(
array('email,passwor','required'),
array('email,password',authenticate)
);
}
public function authenticate($attribute,$params)
{
$this->_identity=new UserIdentity($this->email, $this->password);
if ($this->_identity->authenticate())
{
$this->addError('password', 'Incorrect Email Or Password');
}
}
}
?>
the Contoller Login Controller:-
<?php
class LoginController extends Controller
{
public function actionMylogin()
{
$model= new MyloginForm;
if(isset($_POST['MyloginForm']))
{
$model->attributes=$_POST['MyloginForm'];
if($model->validate())
{
$this->redirect(yii::app()->user->returnUrl);
}
}
$this->render('mylogin',array('model'=>$model));
}
}
?>
Then Form mylogin:-
<h1>Login</h1>
<div class="form">
<?php echo CHtml::beginForm(); ?>
<?php echo CHtml::errorSummary($model); ?>
<div class="row">
<?php echo CHtml::activeLabel($model,'email'); ?>
<?php echo CHtml::activeTextField($model,'email') ?>
</div>
<div class="row">
<?php echo CHtml::activeLabel($model,'password'); ?>
<?php echo CHtml::activePasswordField($model,'password') ?>
</div>
<div class="row submit">
<?php echo CHtml::submitButton('Login'); ?>
</div>
<?php echo CHtml::endForm(); ?>
</div><!-- form -->
But it not coming on my browser It Gives
Error 404
The system is unable to find the requested action "pages".
what should i do to run it
once you have setup the action and controller, point your browser to login/mylogin
First of all use "Insert code snippet" [<>] for your code to make it easier to read.
You get this error because there is no method called actionPages in the controller and this is the action you are calling with the url you typed in browser. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:Abby Buttery xxx
My name is Abegayle (Abby) Darla Anne Buttery, I was born in 1994. I am an aspiring author and am currently half was through my first novel.
Novels
My first novel, "Broken Fairytale", will be the first of a trilogy about the protagonist Kathryn Verona. These novels contain elements of vampires, fallen angels, greek gods and witches. My fourth novel, which will not be released for a long time, will be about how teens living the high life.
"Broken Fairytale"
I am currently writing my first novel, which has the unoffical title of "Broken Fairytale" which is set to be released hopefully in the spring/summer of 2011. The story is told from the perspective of main character Kathryn Verona, a fifteen year old girl, who's life is turned upside down when new boy Drew Darcy starts her school. Drew is charming and gorgeous, but there is something very dangerous about him; Kathryn knows she shouldn't trust him, but she does. However when her friends start dying, but magically coming back to life, and a creepy guy who she knows to be a vampire starts following her around, she needs Drew more than ever... no matter what he turns out to be.
"Forever" and "Sacrifice"
The second and third books respectively, both follow Drew and Kathryn through hard times where they learn that being together forever is not the most important thing, especially not more important than the entire world. The whole group learn just how hard it is to sacrifice something you love, but that sacrifices are necessary in their line of work.
"The Sharpest Lives"
This is going to be fast paced. The definition of dying young and staying pretty. Based on the song "The Sharpest Lives" by My Chemical Romance, it will be from the perspective of new girl Lara, who immediately gets invited to be an unofficial member of the exclusive "High Life" club. At first it seems great: they're all straight A students who dress to perfection. Yet she starts to notice that they never seem to sleep throughout the week, only on weekends. Following her "friends" she witnesses a life of booze, sex and drugs. Desperate to fit in, and unable to say no, Lara becomes a fully fledged member of the "High Life". But little does she know the cost of this life; "The Sharpest Lives are the deadliest to lead"... | WIKI |
-- European Stocks Close Little Changed at a 10-Week High
European stocks closed little
changed at a 10-week high as a rally in mining companies offset
slower-than-forecast economic growth in Japan. Fresnillo Plc soared 6.6 percent to a two-month high as
precious metals gained. Prudential Plc climbed to the highest in
more than two decades after posting a 22 percent jump in profit.
Telekom Austria AG dropped 1.6 percent after reporting second-quarter earnings that missed analysts’ projections. Ladbrokes
Plc (LAD) slid 2.6 percent as JPMorgan Chase & Co. downgraded the U.K.
gambling company. The Stoxx Europe 600 Index increased less than 0.1 percent
to 306.08 at the close of trading, having earlier risen as much
as 0.2 percent ad declined 0.6 percent. The benchmark gauge
added 0.6 percent last week as better-than-forecast economic
data in Europe and China outweighed concern that the Federal
Reserve will reduce the pace of its bond-purchase program. The
measure has rallied 9.4 percent this year. “Japan has delivered some conflicting data recently, but
market participants are in a positive mood and see the economy
is not on a bad road,” said Christian Zogg, who manages about
$540 million as head of equity and fixed income at LLB Asset
Management AG in Vaduz, Liechtenstein. “Stocks are still the
better bet as opposed to bonds, which should lead some large
institutional investors to rethink their investments, and that
should continue to support shares in the mid-term.” The volume of shares changing hands in Stoxx 600 companies
was 33 percent lower than the average of the last 100 days,
according to data compiled by Bloomberg. Japanese Economy Japan ’s Topix lost 0.6 percent on a report that showed the
nation’s economy expanded an annualized 2.6 percent in the
second quarter, slowing from a revised 3.8 percent in the
previous three months. The median forecast of economists
surveyed by Bloomberg was for 3.6 percent growth. Still, the German Economy Ministry is predicting that
growth in the second quarter was about 0.75 percent, according
to a person familiar with the forecast, who asked not to be
identified because the projection is confidential. That exceeds
the 0.6 percent median of 46 economist estimates compiled by
Bloomberg. The Federal Statistics Office will release the data
on Wednesday. Euro-area stocks have risen half as much as global
benchmarks this year, leaving them cheaper than equities in the
U.S. and Asia as the region’s economy starts to recover from the
longest recession on record. European Valuations After a 7.2 percent gain in 2013 through last week, the
Euro Stoxx 50 Index trades at 12.5 times projected earnings, 6.7
percent less than in 2009, the last time the euro area was in
the final quarter of a contraction, data compiled by Bloomberg
show. In the U.S., where the economy is in its 10th straight
quarter of growth, the S&P 500 is valued at 15.3 times estimated
profit and Japan’s Topix trades at 14.1 times income after Prime
Minister Shinzo Abe vowed to end two decades of deflation. National benchmark indexes advanced in 10 of the 18 western
European markets today. Germany ’s DAX added 0.3 percent, while
France ’s CAC 40 and the U.K.’s FTSE 100 dropped 0.1 percent. Fresnillo, the world’s biggest primary silver producer,
rallied 6.6 percent to 1,103 pence, leading a gauge of mining
shares to the best performance among 19 industry groups in the
Stoxx 600. Randgold Resources Ltd. advanced 2.5 percent to 4,841
pence. Gold and silver climbed for a fourth day. Prudential Earnings Prudential, the U.K.’s biggest insurer by market value,
rose 4.1 percent to 1,232 pence, the highest price since at
least September 1988. Operating profit climbed to 1.42 billion
pounds ($2.2 billion) in the first half from 1.16 billion pounds
a year earlier. That beat the 1.3 billion-pound estimate of 17
analysts provided by the company. Catlin Group Ltd. (CGL) rose 1.1 percent to 495.4 pence as HSBC
Holdings Plc raised the second-largest Lloyd’s of London insurer
by market value to overweight from neutral, meaning investors
should buy the shares. ‘‘Catlin is the largest syndicate at Lloyd’s,” HSBC said.
“We believe that this is putting it in a very strong position
at a time when the smaller players may be challenged by the
setting up of broker facilities.” Roche Holding AG added 1.5 percent to 239.60 Swiss francs.
NZZ am Sonntag said the Swiss drugmaker is distancing itself
from a possible takeover of Alexion Pharmaceuticals Inc.,
without saying where it got the information. Roche was said to
have informally approached Alexion in July about a deal. Opap SA gained 4 percent to 7.49 euros after Emma Delta, a
Cyprus-based fund, signed a contract to buy a 33 percent stake
in the Greek gambling company. Telekom Austria Telekom Austria (TKA) slid 1.6 percent to 5.63 euros. Second-quarter earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and
amortization fell to 330.3 million euros ($439 million) from
364.8 million euros a year earlier. That compared with the
average 332.7 million-euro analyst estimate. Ladbrokes declined 2.6 percent to 193.9 pence as JPMorgan
Chase & Co. cut the stock to underweight from neutral, meaning
investors should sell the shares. The brokerage cited the weak
outlook for U.K. retail and limited revenue growth in an
increasingly competitive online market. Deutsche Boerse AG lost 2.7 percent to 53.94 euros. Equinet
Bank AG trimmed its rating on the operator of the Frankfurt
stocks exchange to sell from hold, citing the risk of consensus
earnings downgrades. To contact the reporter on this story:
Corinne Gretler in Zurich at
cgretler1@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Andrew Rummer at
arummer@bloomberg.net | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Template:Attached KML/Pinellas Bayway
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FieldInfo.GetRawConstantValue Method
Definition
Returns a literal value associated with the field by a compiler.
public:
virtual System::Object ^ GetRawConstantValue();
public virtual object? GetRawConstantValue ();
public virtual object GetRawConstantValue ();
abstract member GetRawConstantValue : unit -> obj
override this.GetRawConstantValue : unit -> obj
Public Overridable Function GetRawConstantValue () As Object
Returns
An Object that contains the literal value associated with the field. If the literal value is a class type with an element value of zero, the return value is null.
Exceptions
The Constant table in unmanaged metadata does not contain a constant value for the current field.
The type of the value is not one of the types permitted by the Common Language Specification (CLS). See the ECMA Partition II specification Metadata Logical Format: Other Structures, Element Types used in Signatures.
The constant value for the field is not set.
Remarks
This method is provided for designers of managed compilers and code analyzers.
This method can be used in both the execution context and the reflection-only context.
In unmanaged metadata, the Constant table is used to store constant values for fields, parameters, and properties. Constant information does not directly influence runtime behavior. Compilers inspect this information, at compile time, when importing metadata. If used, the value of a constant is embedded in the Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) stream the compiler emits. There are no MSIL instructions that can be used to access the Constant table at run time.
Note
For more information on constant values and the Constant table, see Partition II of the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) documentation.
Applies to | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Hunterdon County Democrat
The Hunterdon County Democrat is a weekly newspaper that serves Hunterdon County, New Jersey. Currently owned by Penn Jersey Advance, Inc., its offices are in Raritan Township. It is one of the largest paid weekly newspapers in New Jersey, with an estimated total circulation of more than 21,000. It is published every Thursday.
History
The first newspaper to serve Hunterdon County was the Hunterdon Gazette and Farmers' Weekly Advertiser, established at Flemington on March 24, 1825, by Charles George, who shortened the paper's title to the Hunterdon Gazette in 1829. He discontinued the Gazette on May 2, 1832, but retained his shop in Flemington and periodically published issues of the paper. George sold the Gazette to John S. Brown, who returned the paper to weekly publication beginning with his first issue, published on July 18, 1838.
On the Gazette's editorial page, Brown state that he was "'an old-fashioned Democrat,' which was in reality an admission that he was a Whig and opposed to the Jacksonian administration." While the Gazette retained a strong readership among Whigs and independents, Hunterdon County had become Democratic with the election of Andrew Jackson as president in 1828.
In 1838, the same year that Brown bought the Gazette, a rival newspaper appeared under the name Hunterdon Democrat. The Democrat's editor, George C. Seymour, ensured that his newspaper held to the principles of the Democratic Party. Within months, the rival editors began making personal attacks on each other in addition to their sniping on political topics. However, it "took more than politics to support a newspaper. The fight between Brown and Seymour was essentially one of trying to win readers and advertisers."
In 1843, Brown sold the Gazette to John R. Swallow. The new owner hired Henry C. Buffington as editor. Earlier in his career, Huffington had worked at Philadelphia area newspapers with Seymour, the Democrat's owner and editor. "Seymour did not welcome his old colleague to Flemington" and within months he initiated a new personal feud. Early in 1844, Swallow sold the Gazette to Buffington, then moved to Lambertville where he started a newspaper. This venture lasted only three or four years before Swallow sold out and headed west.
"In the meantime, Seymour of the Hunterdon Democrat and Buffington of the Hunterdon Gazettepursued their respective ways without much change or improvement. ... Actually, both editors were probably skating on thin financial ice at all times."
In 1852 Seymour sold the Democrat to Adam Bellis, also a staunch Democrat.
On July 3, 1867, The Hunterdon County Democrat made its debut, taking the place of both The Hunterdon Democrat and the erstwhile Gazette (which had changed its name to The Democrat after having been transformed into a Democratic paper in 1866). The editor during this time was Robert J. Killgore. His son, Anthony Killgore, later took over the editorship, serving until 1922. Alex L. Moreau and D. Howard Moreau then became the owners of The Democrat. Following the death of A.L. Moreau in 1933, D. Howard Moreau became sole owner of the newspaper, until his death on June 7, 1963. After Moreau's death his son-in-law H. Seely Thomas Jr. became publisher of The Democrat. Thomas hired Edward J. Mack as editor of the newspaper in 1965. Family ownership continued in the 1980s when Thomas was joined in the publication of the newspaper by his three children, Catherine, John, and Howard. Catherine's husband, Jay Langley, became editor in 1988, while Mack rejoined the newspaper in 1989 as general manager. Catherine Langley succeeded her father as publisher after his death in 1994.
In February 2001, Penn Jersey Advance, Inc., a unit of Advance Publications (Newhouse), bought The Democrat and its sister publications. Based in Somerville, New Jersey, Penn Jersey Advance is the parent company of NJN Publishing, a network of newspapers in New Jersey and Pennsylvania.
Sister publications
The Democrat purchased The Frenchtown Star in 1932, which had been published in Frenchtown since 1879, and renamed it The Delaware Valley News. In 1949 The Milford Leader was also purchased and combined with The Delaware Valley News. The newspaper was shut down in September 2008.
The Democrat launched a free-circulation weekly newspaper, The Hunterdon Observer, in August 1987. Another free weekly, The Warren Reporter, formerly served Warren County. A monthly magazine, Horse News, is also a member of The Democrat's publishing group. Penn Jersey Advance bought The Delaware Valley News, The Hunterdon Observer, The Warren Reporter, and Horse News in its 2001 acquisition of The Democrat. | WIKI |
How do I fix "disk read error occurred" on my laptop?
“A disk read error occured on my laptop. How can I fix this?”
Your computer unexpectedly freezes while you're using it, requiring a hard reset. Once it turns on, you notice "A disc read error occurred" and are advised to hit Ctrl+Alt+Del to restart Windows 10. Data loss could result from the mistake, frequently linked to a damaged or defective hard disc.
However, the problem still exists even after doing the advised restart. This mistake occurs for numerous reasons, but don't worry—solutions are available for a disk error occurred during a read operation. A disk read error occurred press ctrl+alt+del to restart windows 10 can be fixed in this manner.
a disk read error occurred
1. Part 1: What Does a Disk Read Error Occurred Mean?
2. Part 2: What Causes a Disk Read Error Occurred?
3. Part 3: How Do I Get Rid of a Disk Read Error Occurred in Windows 10?
4. Part 4: 3 Advaneced Ways to Fix a Disk Read Error Occurred in Windows 10/7/8/XP
5. Part 5: Further FAQs about A Disk Read Error Occurred in Windows
Part 1: What Does a Disk Read Error Occurred Mean?
You could encounter many issues as a computer user that restricts you from accessing your hard drive or data. Disc read error is the most annoying of them all. You'll get the following notification when it does: a disk read error occurred press ctrl+alt+del to restart windows 10. To retry, press Ctrl+Alt+Del. It is a frequent error that you may run across and shows that Windows has identified a hard disc issue or that the process of reading the hard disc has failed. After restarting the computer, you can still see the same screen by clicking Ctrl + Alt + Del.
A disc read error can occur in Windows versions other than 7 and 10, although more often in those two. The following symptoms can help you spot them early on.
1. The loading of the hard disc takes longer than usual.
2. The system begins with a strange clicking sound.
3. There are a few unwelcome read/write disc faults or warnings.
4. Some of your data disappear or get erased by accident.
5. Restarting the system or turning it off takes a long time.
6. You are browsing without a drive or partition icon.
7. Unexpectedly, a section becomes inaccessible.
8. what is disk read error occurred mean
Part 2: What Causes a Disk Read Error Occurred?
Identifying the issue before learning how to resolve a disk read error occurred press ctrl+alt+del to restart windows 10 is crucial. In most cases, one or more of these circumstances can be the root of the a disk error occurred during a read operation problem.
• Hard drive failure is one of the leading causes of a disc read error in Windows. It's likely that the system's hard disc has faulty sectors, is corrupted, or both. As a result, Windows cannot read the drive's stored data.
• The cable that connects your hard disc to other system parts is also susceptible to harm. The hard disk's read/write head may also be broken or faulty.
• The system takes specific booting components from your hard drive. You can experience the a disk error occurred during a read operation that just happened if they are missing.
• A power outage or an event that caused your system to shut down suddenly could result in some missing parts.
• A system cannot start without the Master Boot Record. The method may display the "a disc read error occurred" screen if it is corrupted or missing.
• Other than that, any other BIOS- or firmware-related problem could also be a factor. Other causes include a malware attack, a physically damaged drive, a faulty sector, a corrupt file system, etc.
Part 3: How Do I Get Rid of a Disk Read Error Occurred in Windows 10?
A systematic approach is needed to solve this issue and determine its cause. We'll look at various fixes, including checking your hard drive's health and ensuring your BIOS settings are correct.
Way 1: [Protect Data] Clone Hard Disk via 4DDiG Partition Manager
Data migration between discs or partitions can be done safely and effectively with the help of the powerful disc cloning programme 4DDiG Partition Manager. Users may update, replace, or create backups of their hard discs using its cloning capability. Using 4DDiG Partition Manager gives you access to a dependable solution that speeds up the disc cloning procedure while lowering the possibility of data loss or disc read failures.
This tool is an excellent option for anyone looking for a reliable way to properly manage their disc operations because it has a user-friendly interface, robust functionality, and quick performance. You may rely on 4DDiG Partition Manager to quickly and effectively address any disk-related issues.
• Effectively clone your entire disk or partition to upgrade disk & back up your data.
• One-click migrate Windows OS to SSD without reinstalling system.
• Upgrade to a larger hard drive without data loss.
• Flexibly resize, split, create, delete, and format partitions to optimize disk space.
• Safely move installed apps & programs, system updates, drivers, custom settings from one PC to another.
1. Connect an external disk to your computer after downloading and installing 4DDiG Partition Manager on your computer. Then launch the application, select “Clone Disk”.
FREE DOWNLOAD
For PC
Secure Download
select
2. Click "Continue" after selecting the target disk to receive the cloned data. The target disk defaults to the disk you connect to the compute
select the target disk that will receive the cloned data from the source disk
3. Cloning process will overwrite all data on the target disk. Ensure you have selected the correct target disk. Then click on the Sure button.
click on the Sure
4. Next, you will be presented with a preview interface showing the cloned disk's expected outcome. Review the preview to confirm its accuracy. If everything appears correct, click on the "Start" button to initiate the cloning operation.
preview the effect of the cloned disk
5. Wait for the disk cloning to complete. The speed of cloning depends on the size of the source disk. Please wait patiently and do not perform other operations or interrupt the current operation.
cloned successfully
Way 2: Check Hard Disk IDE/SATA Cables to Fix a Disk Read Error
Windows may respond with this a disk read error occurred if your hard disc isn't correctly attached to the motherboard. Users of laptops can make sure their hard drive container isn't lint- or dust-blocked, or loose by inspecting it. Make sure the connecting cable, which is frequently SATA for desktop computers, is firmly linked to the motherboard and the hard drive ends.
Try switching the SATA port you're connected to if it's not working. It might be necessary to modify the boot order to check for the new SATA port, but doing so will make the connection point less likely to be broken. You can also attempt switching out the cable.
Way 3: Boot OS from Hard Drive
How to run bootrec? Windows 10 users may see a disc read problem due to an improper boot sequence. Your computer might be attempting to boot from a storage source that doesn't include an operating system if you have more than one installed or connected. You can modify the boot order in your BIOS. Each brand of computer will have a somewhat different look for the precise procedure:
1. Activate your BIOS. Press the BIOS key after turning on your computer but before Windows boots. It frequently corresponds to one of the keys DEL, F1, F2, F10, or F12.
2. Navigate to Boot Device Priority under the Boot section.
3. Ensure that your hard disc is on top.
how to run bootrec
Part 4: 3 Advaneced Ways to Fix a Disk Read Error Occurred in Windows 10/7/8/XP
Way 1: Check My Memory RAM
It's not unusual for a disk read error occurred press ctrl+alt+del to restart windows 10 to have its roots in RAM-related cases. To make sure your RAM is firmly attached:
• Consider reseating it first.
• Use a different slot if it doesn't work, and you only use one RAM stick.
• Try swapping their positions if you're using dual-channel RAM.
• Run the Windows Memory Diagnostic tool if you can evaluate the RAM in another device. By pressing Windows Key + R, enter "mdsched" into the box that appears.
mdsched
Way 2: Reset or Upgrade BIOS to Fix Disk Read Error
The settings in your BIOS are also out-of-date. It may result in a problem since your BIOS is involved in the hardware communication. To start, try clearing the BIOS settings to see if it resolves the issue. Again, this will vary depending on the manufacturer of your computer.
1. Activate your BIOS.
2. Set the device to its factory defaults. Typically, pressing F9 will allow you to do this.
3. Exit the BIOS after saving the modifications.
4. If the issue still exists, try updating your BIOS to the most recent version. You can check your current BIOS version and install the new one using the procedures below.
5. Check for updates on the manufacturer's website by going to your motherboard. Download it and place it on a USB device if it's available.
6. Install the latest BIOS from the USB by entering your BIOS and using the menus.
upgrade bios
Way 3: Run Bootrec to when A Disk Read Error Occurred
The information required for your computer to locate and load the operating system is found in the Master Boot Record (MBR), which is located in the first sector of your hard drive or SSD. Your computer won't boot if it is corrupted or damaged. You will want a bootable USB device with Windows to complete this step to access the recovery environment.
1. Choose your language and currency formats, boot from the USB, and click Next.
2. On the first screen, select the option to repair your machine.
3. Click Troubleshoot and then click Command Prompt.
4. Type bootrec /fixmbr and press Enter.
bootrec fixmbr
5. Type bootrec /fixboot and press Enter.
bootrec fixboot
6. Type bootrec /scanos and press Enter.
bootrec scanos
7. Type bootrec /rebuildbcd and press Enter.
bootrec rebuildbcd
8. Boot from your hard drive when you restart your computer.
Part 5: Further FAQs about A Disk Read Error Occurred in Windows
Q1: How to Fix Disk Error in BIOS?
Follow these methods to correct a disk read error occurred press ctrl+alt+del to restart windows 10 in the BIOS:
• Start the computer again, then access the BIOS settings.
• Find the "Advanced" or "Storage" menu.
• Use a disc diagnostic programme or do a disc scan.
• Try repairing or replacing the disc if faults are discovered.
• Save changes and close the BIOS.
Q2: Why Does My Computer Say Disk Read Error when It Starts?
A disk read error occurred press ctrl+alt+del to restart windows 10 notice could mean several different things when starting up. A bad hard drive, frayed connections, damaged system files, or the wrong boot order are examples of potential causes. Make sure all cables are firmly attached, check the BIOS boot sequence, run a disc diagnostic programme, and try system repair or reinstallation to troubleshoot. Consider replacing the hard disc or contacting a professional if the issue persists.
Q3: Can External Hard Disk Be Repaired?
The particular problem an external hard disc is having will determine if it can be fixed. Using disc repair programmes or employing partition management software like 4DDiG Partition Manager can frequently resolve common issues like corrupted files or software difficulties.
Concluding Thoughts
Windows 7/8/10 all have the "A disc read error occurred" bug. The issue is with your RAM, hard drive, or BIOS settings. The best course of action is to use CheckDisk to fix any hard drive-related problems. If that is ineffective, ensure your boot order is accurate, and your RAM is operational and correctly seated. The best thing you can do if none of the solutions are working for you is to clone the partition. The best disc cloning tool available is 4DDiG Partition Manager, which lets you swiftly and safely copy data from one disc or partition to another.
4DDiG Partition Manager
4DDiG Partition Manager
4DDiG Partition Manager is a simple and secure professional system migration tool that can migrate Windows OS to SSD in one click without reinstalling your system, effectively clone your entire hard drive to backup your data and more. It supports securely moving installed applications, system updates, drivers, custom settings from one PC to another.
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How to maintain the engine of 4WD all terrain forklift in summer?
How to maintain the engine of 4WD all terrain forklift in summer?
maintain the engine of 4WD all terrain forklift in summer
How to maintain the engine of 4WD all terrain forklift in summer?
We need to regularly maintain our four-wheel rough terrain forklift according to the maintenance manual. What are the precautions when maintaining the engine of the off-road forklift in summer?
1. The engine lubricating oil is easy to deteriorate in season and needs to be replaced in time
In summer, long-term working in high-temperature environment will cause the engine to transfer heat to the engine lubricating oil, making the oxidation resistance stability of the lubricating oil worse. Dust in dry air or moisture in humid air will enter the oil pan of the engine to pollute the lubricating oil, which will cause oxidation and deterioration of the lubricating oil.
The long-term use of poor or deteriorated lubricating oil for the engine may cause oil passage blockage and cause great loss to the engine.
Before using the vehicle, the quantity, color and smell of the engine lubricating oil must be checked. If the oil is found to be insufficient, blackened and burnt, it needs to be replaced in time. In addition, it is important to purchase qualified lubricating oil.
1. The viscosity of engine lubricating oil shall be appropriate and cannot be wrong
The off-road forklift operator will find that the oil pressure is low when using the off-road forklift in summer. Some operators will change the engine lubricating oil with high viscosity in order to increase the oil pressure. However, although the oil pressure is increased at this time, the power of the forklift is obviously decreased. This is because the lubricating oil with high viscosity will increase the friction force, increase the oil consumption and waste energy. Moreover, when the viscosity of the lubricating oil is too high, it will slow down the flow speed of the lubricating oil, cause the engine to overheat and increase the wear of the engine.
In summer, high viscosity lubricating oil can be properly selected for four-wheel drive forklift, but it should be properly selected instead of too high viscosity.
1. Engine coolant cannot be replaced by water
The water will be corrosive and easy to produce scale, which will damage the cooling system. The antifreeze has anti-corrosion and anti rust functions and can protect the cooling system.
Kaystar Heavy Industry
3.5 Tons Articulated Four Wheel Drive Forklift Maintenance Information | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:AMAZN BOI
{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
amadi chinedu peter, better known as Amazn Boi, is a Nigerian singer, songwriter and entertainer.
Early life and education
Amazboi started from imo state where he was born and raised ,His life has always been around entertainment like singing and dancing also plays very well in football
Career
Amaznboi released his debut single "sisi latino" when he was called by the zswezy also released a single called eleke still pushing for a hit | WIKI |
UBC Theses and Dissertations
UBC Theses Logo
UBC Theses and Dissertations
The integration of vision and proprioception for obstacle crossing in people with motor-incomplete spinal cord injury Malik , Raza Naseem
Abstract
Background: In people with motor-incomplete spinal cord injury (m-iSCI), the ability to perform skilled walking tasks (e.g. obstacle crossing) is an essential component of functional mobility. Sensorimotor integration of visual and proprioceptive inputs, alongside indicators of functional ambulation (i.e. self-efficacy) is important for successful obstacle crossing. Thus, the overall objective was to understand how motor and sensory (specifically proprioception) deficits in people with m-iSCI affect obstacle-crossing strategies. Methods: Nine individuals with m-iSCI and 10 able-bodied controls were asked to step over an obstacle scaled to their motor abilities under full and obstructed vision conditions. An eye tracker was used to determine gaze behavior, motion capture analysis was used to determine toe kinematics relative to the obstacle, and electrogoniometers were used to determine peak ankle, hip and knee (dorsi)flexion angles during obstacle crossing. In subjects with m-iSCI, questionnaires were used to determine balance and ambulatory self-efficacy. Lower limb proprioceptive sense was assessed using a hip and knee joint position-matching task using the Lokomat and customized software controls. Results: Lower limb proprioceptive sense was impaired and varied across subjects with m-iSCI. m-iSCI subjects tended to glance at the obstacle more frequently as they approached it and with shorter gaze durations compared to controls. Decreased self-efficacy and impaired proprioceptive sense may have contributed to these differences in gaze behavior. Obstruction of the lower visual field led to appropriate modulation of lead and trail horizontal distance, however toe clearance height in m-iSCI subjects was increased to a greater extent than controls. An emerging relationship was observed between proprioceptive sense and toe clearance height, in particular for the trail limb. m-iSCI subjects increased peak knee flexion to a greater extent than controls when vision was obstructed. All other changes in joint kinematics were similar across groups. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that people with m-iSCI rely more heavily on vision to cross obstacles and show impairments in the key gait parameters required for successful obstacle crossing. Our data suggest that proprioceptive deficits also need to be considered in rehabilitation programs aimed at improving functional mobility in individuals with m-iSCI.
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Naturally Speaking
Naturally Speaking
Part 5
Community Contributed
By G.T. Larson
In our last installment, we began a simple overview of the earth’s atmosphere. We will continue now by considering the two key elements in the heated debate of global warming: the source of the heat and the covering that keeps that heat in for our greenhouse home we call Earth.
Our greenhouseʼs heat source, the sun, is a near perfectly round, massive, continuous thermonuclear explosion, radiating tremendous amounts of energy into space. Solar energy enters our atmosphere as short wave visible light; much of it is absorbed by the floor of our greenhouse, the earth’s oceans and land masses. This absorbed heat is, in turn, reradiated back through the atmosphere towards space as long wave infrared radiation. As this infrared radiation is ascending through the atmosphere, much of it is absorbed by an important range of gasses called greenhouse gasses.
The main greenhouse gasses are water vapor (H2O), which makes up between 36 to 72 percent of the total; carbon dioxide (CO2), 9 to 26 percent; methane (CH4), 4 to 9 percent; and ozone (O3), 3 to 7 percent. The remainder is made up of trace percentages of a variety other gasses. These greenhouse gasses reradiate much of the infrared radiation back toward the earth’s surface, heating the earth. This is what is called the greenhouse effect.
A very simple example of the greenhouse effect is parked outside most of our homes. On any sunny day, if you leave your windows up, the sunlight enters the vehicle through the windows and the solar energy is absorbed by the seats and dashboard. As the interior surfaces absorb the solar radiation, it is reradiated as infrared radiation which returns toward the windshield and the windows. Some of this heat escapes through the glass, but much of it is retained and if your vehicle sits in the sunshine long enough with the windows rolled completely up, when you open that car door you will be met with a hot blast of Honda or Ford or VW warming. We leave our vehicle windows cracked a bit to allow some of that build-up of heat to dissipate, thus, to a degree, regulating the vehicles interior temperature. This is an example of an artificial greenhouse effect.
Without a natural greenhouse effect, the average temperature of the Earth would be about 0 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 18 Celsius), instead of its present 57 F (14 C). The temperature controls that regulate our climate are the naturally occurring greenhouse gasses in our atmosphere that absorb infrared radiation from the sun. The greenhouse effect has been in a relative state of balance for millennia, but as we on Earth have become more technologically advanced, we have advanced the dials on our home planets climate controls and they appear to be malfunctioning. Without a correct level of greenhouse gasses there would be no life on Earth. We will look at these greenhouse gasses next time. Aloha Ke Akua.
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Circle Mod with Stock XXKG5 ?
As the title say is it possible ? and if so could some one please point me in the right direction.
As i see circlesmod is on the market place it is it is for CM7 Theme chooser so does this mean i would have to install the CM7 Rom
I do have root on XXKG5 if it make any difference
Hawker
Android Expert
I really like this mod. So much better than the stock battery indicator.
As we are in the root section am I right in thinking you HAVE to be rooted to apply this?
How is this mod applied? Is it via Odin? If so, does it go into the PDA, PHONE or CSC file?
wrighty.uk.gor
Member
Thread starter
Well after not being able to get the dam thing to install i thought sod it and now running lightning ROM 6.1 and so far i am so pleased i installed it.
Last question is though then i will shut up :)
Is it possible to remove the clock from the task bar on lightning ROM have a google etc but could not really find any thing.
Cheers Ian
steslatt
Android Expert
There is an app called EDT tweaks that allows you to remove the clock. It works on Revolution rom, not sure about litening rom but you could try it.
wrighty.uk.gor
Member
Thread starter
Thanks look like it could well work
What does this mean though please ?
You must push SystemUI.apk to /system/app
does that just mean paist into that dir on phone ? Ian
steslatt
Android Expert
Push usually means install via adb.
I didn't realise you needed the SystemUI app for it to work. Its installed via a tweak on Revolution rom so its just a case of downloading and installing.
Unless the SystemUI app is specificity for litening rom I wouldnt bother with it as it could cause problems or maybe ask in the litening rom thread on XDA if anyone has successfully installed EDT Tweaks or do a nand backup before your try it.
Slug
Check six!
A heads-up to avoid unnecessary anguish... DO NOT replace SystemUI.apk, framework-res.apk or twframework.apk unless you've got confirmation that the versions you're installing will work with your current firmware. These files contain themed and/or modded UI components such as notification and status icons, the power menu, customised fonts, altered buttons etc and are also heavily version-dependent. Get it wrong and you'll quickly find yourself in either bootloop or force-close hell, requiring a nandroid restore to recover. I speak from experience...... :rolleyes:
wrighty.uk.gor
Member
Thread starter
Steslatt Or Slug
As you helped me out loads at the moment would you be kind enough to put this into english for me :D
I now running villain rom very happy with it and come across this but dont want to balls is up after getting my phone running perfect for how i want it.
xda-developers - View Single Post - [MODS][MORPH] Kahvitahra's mods - EDT TWEAK + JKay VR2.4 & Cogn1.5 & KR KH3, APM, OS
Cheers chap Ian
Worked it out in the end,
If any one interested though it dont work wieht the villain tweeks Eg the blue circle mod etc
Slug
Check six!
it dont work wieht the villain tweeks Eg the blue circle mod etc
That's because VRTweaks rewrites the SystemUI.apk and/or framework-res.apk and cancels the previous mod out.
Look at Stericson's MetaMorph app - if suitable mods are available as Morph packages this will allow them all to co-exist. I also believe the VillainROM team is working on something with similar functionality.
wrighty.uk.gor
Member
Thread starter
I have gone across to Revolution Rom now.
I have to say i am blown away with it so easy to change the way things look.
There will have to be something really special from villain or lightning to get me to change back.
Thank you both for your help been some learning curve the last couple weeks :D
Hawker
Android Expert
Slightly off topic I know, but can I make a suggestion to Mods to create a sticky thread for each of the popular 3rd party ROMS (eg. Villain, Revolution, Lite'ning, Sicopat etc.) for people to post up what the differences are from stock, the good points and the bad points?
Just an idea. Could prove very useful for people like me who are undecided which way to go!
Slug
Check six!
sticky thread for each of the popular 3rd party ROMS
We're actually trying to get away from having multiple stuck threads, hence the Guide stickies in each device section. Threads dealing with specific ROMs could be added to the GS2 Rooting Guide, where they will always be easily found. All that's required is for someone to create the topics. :)
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Self balancing Robotic Scooter
A Self Balancing Robotic Scooter is a vehicle
which can balance itself under the force of
gravity and regardless of the surface/ angle.
Similar projects worth following
Self balancing Robotic Scooter will help balance the rider while on commute even its being hit by other vehicle or the commutor is disabled person.
The concept behind self-balancing is the PID control loop. Proportional-Integral-derivative is a feedback loop which uses the value of Inertial measurement unit (IMU) as the process variable and adds the value to a set point to find and eliminate the error and reach the set point as close as possible.
The IMU and PID controller are interfaced with Raspberry Pi and then motor driver IC is interfaced with Pi which in turn controls the motors of the bot.
We can understand the working of bot with a simple analogy.
Consider a human body. Whenever someone pushes us, we tend to move our legs in the direction of push so as to balance our body. Or when we get off a bus we start running in the forward direction so that we do not fall. Similarly the robot tends to balance itself by adjusting the direction and speed of the motor.
We can understand the working of bot with a simple analogy.
Consider a human body. Whenever someone pushes us, we tend to move our legs in the direction of push so as to balance our body. Or when we get off a bus we start running in the forward direction so that we do not fall. Similarly the robot tends to balance itself by adjusting the direction and speed of the motor.
• 1 × Raspberry Pi 3
• 1 × GY-521 IMU Accererometer + Gyroscope sensor to measure gravity and tilt values
• 3 × Rotary Potentiometer Variable Resistance for PID loop
• 1 × L293d Interface and IO ICs / Peripheral Drivers and Actuators
• 2 × DC Motor
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Julian Blanco wrote 12/05/2016 at 15:26 point
What motors did you use for this project? Also what are the approx dimensions of the robot?
Nice work!
Thanks
Are you sure? yes | no
Akshul Goyal wrote 12/06/2016 at 14:48 point
hi Julian thanks for the comment!
I used a 500rpm dc motor. Dimensions of my bot around 18*8*20 cms
Are you sure? yes | no
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User:Oatley2112/Created Articles - Roman and Byzantine History - B
* Battle of Adramyttium
* Battle of Hades | WIKI |
Total Annihilation: The Core Contingency
Total Annihilation: The Core Contingency is a 1998 expansion to the 1997 real-time strategy Video game Total Annihilation. It contains extra units and maps, as well as a campaign of 25 missions and a map editor.
Story
The Core Contingency picks up where the original game finishes with the Arm ending, in which the Arm achieved final victory over the Core in its homeworld Core Prime, in their Galactic War of over 4,000 years. With the Core supposedly wiped out of existence, the Arm undergoes one-hundred years of reconstructing civilization.
However, a lone Core Commander survives, hidden away in a distant system. The Core Commander, the heart of the Core's Contingency plan in case the Core would ever be defeated, is charged with a single mission: to search for a powerful and ancient alien artifact hidden in the region. With modifications, the beacon could supposedly be converted into an Implosion Device—a single, phenomenally powerful superweapon which, when activated, would cause the entire galaxy to implode into itself, with the Core's pure intention to permanently extinguish the Arm. The Core Commander would stay inside the gigantic machine as it causes the galaxy to virtually self-destruct, then step out unscathed and rebuild the entire Core race.
Meanwhile, rumors circulate amongst the mending Arm over the said Contingency Plan, so an Arm Commander is dispatched along with sizable reinforcements to confirm or eliminate the gossip.
Gameplay
The Core Contingency, while fixing various bugs and glitches from the original game, features 25 new missions following the events after the original game's Arm campaign. 12 missions pertain to each side for the Arm and the Core, and a bonus mission is included, named "Krogoth Encounter".
"Krogoth Encounter" is an Arm bonus mission, set during the time of the original game (which allows it to technically be considered a "lost mission") during the Galactic War on the metallic world of Core Prime, as the Arm was slowly making its way to domination. The level is available only in Hard difficulty, with its highlight being experimental, super-powerful Krogoth Kbots which the player must overcome and whose production facilities the player must destroy. Because it chronologically occurs before The Core Contingency, new units introduced in the expansion pack are not available during the mission.
The Core Contingency missions provide new worlds with idiosyncratic natural disasters, such as the planet Temblor, whose only habitable land lies on mountains high above clouds, which suffers frequent, unpredictable earthquakes that can damage structures and ground forces. It additionally features native, hostile alien inhabitants of various planets, such as dangerously powerful sea creatures on the campaign's opening world (Hydross, an ocean planet), and biomechanical Scorpions on Lusch, a bog world. | WIKI |
Here Are Some ECM Failure Symptoms
Could you have issues with your car starting out? The other issue is that you might have the fuel consumption being consistent. The problem could be the emission fuel is not working as required. If these are some of the issues you have then you might want your auto to be ECM checked. You ought to understand that the engine control module is used to care for the needs of the engine capabilities and the setup. This being the case, you should note most of the complications with the engine can be due to the ECM. The reason you should take care of it is that you do not want it to have any issues and turn out to be useless. You might even wend up getting into accidents are most drivers who cause accidents do this since they do not know that their auto has problems. To avoid this, learn about some of the engine control module failures to watch out for.
You need to look at the meter of the car to find out if the engine light is one as this might be an indication of a bad ECM. When you have the light being on it might mean that you have some problems with the sensors or the circuits. When you have the engine checked, and the lights still come one then the problem is with the ECM.
You need to know that if your start is not starting, then it might be an ECM issue.If this is the case, start by looking at the starter system and the wires.Should you find that they do not have any complications then it could means that the ECM is defective.
When you notice erratic engine then this should be another sign to watch out for.One of the signs you should watch out for is the erratic idling. This means you need to have the ECM checked.
When your engine stops for no reason, and you cannot find the problem then it could be the ECM. The staling of the engine is brought forth since when an ECM is faulty it might not be able to communicate and regulate with other parts of the car.
You should note that the ECM is essential to the overall functionality of the vehicle. It is the place that handles essential settings of the engine. When the ECM is faulty then the performance of the engine will drop. If this is the case, you need to have it checked.
When you have problem with the transmission then you should know that the transmission might cause this. If this is the case, some of the problems you might have are a sudden shift in the apparatus when having an automatic transmission. The auto might also end up jerking. When you have such complications you need the ECM to be tested as quickly as you can. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
This bunk bed is $1,200 a month, privacy not included
(CNN)Housing costs have become so expensive in some cities that people are renting bunk beds in a communal home for $1,200 a month. Not a bedroom. A bed. PodShare is trying to help make up for the shortage of affordable housing in cities like San Francisco and Los Angeles by renting dormitory-style lodging and providing tenants a co-living experience. A PodShare membership allows you to snag any of the 220 beds -- or pods -- at six locations across Los Angeles and one in San Francisco. There's no deposit and no commitment. You get a bed, a locker, access to wifi and the chance to meet fellow "pod-estrians." Each pod includes a shelf and a personal television. Food staples, like cereal and ramen, and toiletries like toothpaste and toilet paper, are also included. What you don't get? Privacy. But that's an easy trade-off, say the mostly young people who live there. Stephen T. Johnson, the 27-year-old founder of FlipMass, an advertising company for Instagram influencers, says he can afford his own place in San Francisco, but doesn't want to be locked into renting a tiny, overpriced apartment. "I had a micro studio that was $1,750 per month," says Johnson. "It was less than 200 square feet. This is actually a luxury and costs less than the place that I lived a couple blocks down the street." He's been living at PodShare for five months, and using it as a live/work space. "I think anyone that's staying in arrangements like this is just early to a new form of housing," Johnson says. "There's so many different living arrangements and I think this will just be one of the available options to everyone in the future." The Pod life Although PodShare may seem a lot like a hostel (bunk beds in a shared room, for example), the company prefers to call it co-living. PodShare may not have as much privacy as an apartment, says Rayyan Zahid, 23, a software engineer living in San Francisco, but that's not a priority for him at the moment. "What does matter is if I'm in the right place and surrounded by the right people and if it is efficient." PodShare allows him to live close to work, eliminating the two-hour commute time he would have if he'd moved to a suburb he could afford. As an immigrant from Pakistan, Zahid says he struggled with all of the requirements to get an apartment. "I was trying to find a place to rent," he says. "But I needed to have a credit score. I needed to have my tax records. Just stuff like that. If you study here, you might have some of those things. But if you're immigrating, you will most definitely not have those things." Elvina Beck, PodShare's 34-year-old founder, says that she created these spaces because this is the way she wanted to live -- meeting new people, traveling to new places -- but she's gratified that it provides a safe solution for others who have few options. "Maybe they don't have two months' rent to put down or they don't have proof of income," she says. "Whether it's from a divorce or their family kicked them out for being gay or because they're in a different country or a different city." She says when she launched the company in 2012, tenants were mostly 24 to 30, but now the typical age has pushed up to late 20s and early 30s. And while the typical user is a young person starting out or moving to a new city, there are older adults who are trying out a new city and even business travelers. A home of her own -- with others Beck, who is also a resident of PodShare and moves among the different locations, has her sights set on a larger affordable housing solution: membership-based housing in the cloud. She imagines finding a home wherever you happen to be via a network of existing properties to which members would have access. Ultimately her vision is global: "The goal is to empower the global citizen and live anywhere across the world for one monthly price. A $1,000 a month [membership] should get you a chance to live from here to Taiwan back to Boston. You cover the flight and we'll cover the housing. It's all included." In 2010, when Beck was struggling to find production work in LA, she was having a hard time finding an affordable place to live near her freelance gigs in Hollywood. She had an idea to scale up the roommate model to a higher density so that the cost of living in an appealing location could be as low as possible. She figured, why not also split up some costs of toiletries and basic food staples, too? When she told her dad she was going to use her savings to build a co-living space and asked him to come to LA to help her build the adult-sized bunk-beds she calls pods, he didn't think it was a great idea. "People don't want to live with strangers,'" Beck recalled him saying. " 'They want privacy. They want lots of space themselves. You're basically taking away everything that people want.' " But she pushed back and told him that in desirable urban areas, privacy and space are things people are willing to give up in order to be where the action is. And the community component is critical. "You have to be willing to share," she says. "I think if you are not willing to share a small space with a stranger, PodShare is not for you." And there are some ground rules: Lights out at 10 pm, and no guests allowed. "You can't invite any friends over," she says. "Sorry. Just make new ones here." | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Talk:Balance board
Merge with rola bola?
I don't think the balance board should be confused with the rola bola. The balance board is destined to a medical use. The rola bola seems to be used in leisure, sports, entertainment.
Further, I would like to point out that the word for balance board in French is "plateau de Freeman". It would be interesting to find out who this "Freeman" is, it seems more an anglo-saxon name than a French one.
A happy user of the "balance board" to recover from ankle problems
Robert Monnier —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs).
* I agree. The merge template's been up for 4 months, no comments in support of merging, I'll remove the template. --Darkwind (talk) 22:54, 15 August 2007 (UTC)
* I think this balance board and a rola bola are exactly the same things: the two articles should be merged. I never heard of “plateau de Freeman” but I know we sometimes says “rouleau américain” for rola bola in French. A2 (talk) 01:49, 4 August 2009 (UTC)
Unencyclopedic
Wikipedia is NOT a manual, guidebook, or textbook, this article reads like a how-to in many sections. Cavenba (talk • contribs) 02:03, 22 June 2008 (UTC)
Yeah, this page is absurd. It's way too long, has far too many pictures, and is more like a guide to living life based on balance boards. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:16, 2 October 2008 (UTC)
Rola Bola again
Rola-bola = balance board. they are exactly the same thing, which you do the same thing on, the only difference is the philosphy one takes. Merge it with rola bola. Hell i'll do it if noone else will.
Lucaswilkins (talk) 08:16, 30 July 2008 (UTC)
If anything, rola bola should be merged into balance board, because a rola bola is one type of balance board. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:16, 2 October 2008 (UTC)
* I agree that the rola bola should be merged into balance board, because a rola bola is one type of balance board.--Mick The Surfer (talk) 07:50, 16 January 2010 (UTC)
* Merge done as per foregoing. -- P 1 9 9 • TALK 15:22, 3 March 2011 (UTC)
Original research
I marked the article with Original Research. I see no citations (at least none regarding the actual topic of the article), and the article looks like one long "how to" page anyway. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:36, 15 September 2008 (UTC)
Ridiculous
This article is ridiculous it sounds like a guide and just sounds unprofessional in general. Ill be attempting to clean out pictures and clean up the text. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:26, 8 October 2008 (UTC)
Why a "Playing the game: its tension" section
Rationale for including this section despite some readers' possible judgment that it is inappropriate for an encyclopedia:
An article about a piece of recreational equipment that didn't include a description of the recreational aspect of the activity of using the equipment would be inadequate. The details of the recreational aspect, being merely experiences and mainly ones that are merely felt, aren't perceptible by an eye or other testing instrument and are therefore less objectively noticeable and reportable than are details such as the shape, materials and movements of the recreational equipment; but immediate recreational experiences are the essence of a balance board's function for those users whose purpose isn't to bring about some later improvement in their body, such as physical therapy, injury prevention and athletic skill; and users whose purpose isn't recreation experience the game-like tensions of trying to stand on the board no less than recreational users do.
An article about, for example, gambling, music, sex or tourism that accurately and thoroughly described the shape, materials and movements of the equipment and other objectively observable aspects of the topic but ignored its experiential dimensions (for fear of entering a subjective realm and despair of ever being able to capture its sensations, motivations and other affective realities in sentences) would not be encyclopedic or illuminating. Such an article could hardly be considered informative and for most readers would not be worth reading. Descriptions of trains, their schedules and fares, visa requirements, time zones, currency exchange rates, routes, a country's language, its manners and its history wouldn't give a reader who didn't already know what tourism is any idea of what it is about, such as how it is different from the life of a traveling salesman, diplomat or spy. This rationale could be illustrated further by imagining some corresponding analogies for a non-participating and uncomprehending observer's descriptions of gambling, music and sex based on his/her study of their paraphernalia and parameters.
So, an article about balance boards needs to describe what standing on one feels like. A description of what something feels like--in this case, intense physical challenge, intense fear and intense fun--is going to be impressionistic. Until research is someday done by attaching electrodes to a balance board user's brain and other body parts, the choice that needs to be made in this article isn't between a scientific description and an impressionistic one but rather between an impressionistic one written by someone who didn't focus sharply enough on his/her subjective experience while standing on the board and afterward and an impressionistic one written by someone who did.
This Wikipedia article would be improved more by correcting and vivifying its "Playing the game: its tension" section than by omitting it. The essays in the 1990 book A Natural History of the Senses by Diane Ackerman are literary-quality models for describing the human body's senses and their interactions with consciousness and mood and for paying attention to those processes of one's own.
DavidMaisel (talk) 19:26, 26 December 2010 (UTC)
* I believe the section needs five things:
* Needs to be reworded to resemble an encyclopedia.
* Needs to be focused. The justifications you provided seem to be around documenting the psychological effects that a balance board might induce.
* Needs to remember notability. You might be able to fall into a trance while on a board, but you could also do that while just standing, or sitting, or reading the internet.
* Needs to change that damn title. The rest of the section could be perfect, but that title just confuses me.
* Needs lots of Citation Needed and Original Research? tags.
* Along those lines, I'm reworking the section to be "Psychological Effects" and start paring down the garbage in the section (or moving it to more appropriate sections). Primalmoon (talk) 07:33, 1 January 2012 (UTC)
* Actually, just to nitpick the argument: Tourism doesn't have anything about experience of tourism. Sex only talks about well studied psychological effects (human bonding, effects of orgasm, etc.). Gambling only mentions the psychological effects such as gambling addiction. So along those lines, I think this section should only be including things that are real psychological effects. Since most of the effects deal with just balancing, that sounds easy enough. Primalmoon (talk) 07:47, 1 January 2012 (UTC)
Does article require complete rewrite?
This article hasn't improved much if at all since it first caught my attention on December 2009. Anyone want to try to salvage the article? I'll help identify and assess sources. I've also started a discussion on the coi problems here, which could use further analysis and others' perspectives. --Ronz (talk) 02:01, 20 June 2011 (UTC)
* Where is Lizzie Borden when you need her? This article is ridiculously over-detailed, and needs substantial axe-work. We devote less space to Tachyons than to this... AndyTheGrump (talk) 03:18, 20 June 2011 (UTC)
* I did some massive axing of the article today. While some of the remaining sections may need some rephrasing (a few unencyclopedic comments are left here and there), I don't believe anymore axing is required. While I didn't intend for this, I am proud to say that this page is now smaller than the Tachyon article (26,417 bytes here vs 29,951 bytes in Tachyon). Primalmoon (talk) 09:18, 1 January 2012 (UTC)
More discussion
I'm an expert in the the field of Rolla Bolla. If I can help clarify anything, or if looking at my work helps, I'd like to help write some of this article. www.balanceabstract.tumblr.com Thanks, Skye Skye Gellmann (talk) 13:44, 12 August 2013 (UTC)
Undue weight on niche uses
Just thought I'd point out to anyone who feels like improving it that the article mentions some rather unlikely uses of a balance board in the first sentence, and cites sources in the explanation which I would probably call niche. While I don't doubt given the sources that some people use balance boards for musical training, it's hardly a mainstream use. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:48, 14 December 2013 (UTC)
External links modified
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How Cancer Tumors Use Meat To Fuel Their Growth - RiseEarth
How Cancer Tumors Use Meat To Fuel Their Growth
by Arjun Walia
Collective Evolution
The rate of instances of diseases like Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, cancer, autism, and many more continues to increase at an alarming rate. Since we first began recording statistics on disease we have seen a skyrocketing upward trend which has many scientists and researchers looking for answers, most notably towards our environment. We are surrounded by toxins on a daily basis, and we are also ingesting them constantly. Scientists have been examining the many common habits of modern humans, and one of those habits clearly includes eating a tremendous amount of meat.
How Meat Fuels Tumor Growth
The association between meat consumption and diseases like cancer is no secret. Ever since researchers started studying the links between diet and cancer, one thing has stood out above the rest: people who avoided eating meat were much less likely to develop cancer.(1)(2) Many studies have shown that there is a significantly decreased risk of cancer associated with veganism.(3)
The American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) published their second review of the major studies that have taken place with regards to diet and cancer prevention. They determined that, for multiple cancers, red meat (beef, pork, or lamb) as well as processed meat consumption increases cancer risk. (4)
Studies have also shown that specific chemicals formed when meat is cooked (specifically HCAs and PAHs) can also be linked to cancer, and when I say “linked,” I mean there is a serious cause for concern. There is a great deal of evidence to support the claim that high meat consumption leads to cancer. One such example involves a recent case-control study conducted at the University of Utah. The study included 952 subjects with rectal cancer and 1205 controls, and found that men and women with the highest consumption of processed or well-cooked meat showed an increased risk for developing rectal cancer. (5)
Cooking meat produces (as mentioned above) what are called Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. These are widely believed to play a significant role in human cancers. (6) I find this to be one (out of many) remarkable examples of how there is plenty of strong evidence, yet mainstream medical literature considers the link between meat consumption and cancer inconclusive.
Keep in mind, when looking at this type of science it’s important to use the Bradford Hill Criteria when doing your research.
In another study, researchers followed and analyzed the diets of more than 525,000 participants to determine whether there might be a link between the consumption of fats from red meat and dairy, and pancreatic cancer. They found that the more people ate these particular fats, the higher the risk of pancreatic cancer. Interestingly, this same study found no association between plant-food fat and pancreatic cancer. (7)
The list goes on and on. Another recent study published in the British Journal of Cancer found that vegetarians are 12 percent less likely to develop cancer than meat-eaters overall. They followed 61,000 meat-eaters and vegetarians for over 12 years, and also discovered that cancers of the blood, such as leukemia, multiple myeloma, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, were significantly (“drastically” as they say in the study) reduced by as much as 45 percent for those following a vegetarian diet. Although this study points to an overall reduced risk, this may well be an underestimate of the benefits of vegetarianism. Previous studies have shown as much as a 40 percent reduced risk for all cancers. (8)
On the flip side, one could certainly point out the fact that many people go their whole lives eating cooked meat and live long healthy lives. That might hold true for some, but definitely not all. No one can deny that cancer rates are pretty ridiculous today, and it would be wise to start to take a closer look at our human experience. All of us need to help turn things around, and this is one area of our lives that we can easily control.
It’s also noteworthy to mention the fact that the meat available to us today is laden with drugs and other contaminants, and that GMO feed is causing a great deal of damage to the animals consuming it, and us in turn.
There are plenty of studies to choose from, though I am aware that studies do have their limitations. At the same time, think of the Bradford Hill criteria – when you have so much consistency and so many links, it is highly logical to make certain conclusions.
Whenever you have some time to think, whenever you pause for a moment during your day, consider taking a step back and really observing what we are doing to our planet and how we rationalize it. There is much to see, including, of course, the fact that an enormous amount of people consume meat on a daily basis. I don’t mean to say that this is inherently wrong, or to lay judgement down, but merely to question why we do this knowing it’s detrimental to our health and to the environment.
Sometimes bringing up topics like this can rub people the wrong way, but facts are facts; we currently live in a society where so many people have closed their minds to new possibilities, new explanations, and in many cases, new evidence. For example, many people still believe that consuming meat on a daily basis is a completely natural, and that throughout different stages in our evolution we have always eaten meat. This simply isn’t true. In fact, most of our ancestors were completely vegetarian, and the ones that ate meat appear to have had a much higher percentage of plant food than meat in their diet. Pointing to the “cave man diet” (a completely false idea) is not really a valid justification for eating meat, and it doesn’t mean that we are “designed” to eat meat at all. You can read more about that, and access specific studies about the the “cave man diet” myth HERE.
If you are truly curious about meat and its association with human disease, hopefully this article is a good kick start for you to start doing some research about it.
Article sources:
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8610089
(2) http://www.birdflubook.org/resources/Barnard_1995_PM_24_646.pdf
(3) http://www.pnas.org/content/105/48/18936.full.pdf+html
(4) http://www.dietandcancerreport.org/cancer_resource_center/downloads/summary/english.pdf
(5) http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2001.tb06974.x/pdf
(6) http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2001.tb06974.x/pdf
(7) http://jnci.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2009/06/26/jnci.djp168.short
(8) http://www.nature.com/bjc/journal/v101/n1/full/6605098a.html
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4 comments:
1. But carnivorous animals are perfectly fine........
ReplyDelete
2. "The incidence of some cancers may be lower in fish eaters and vegetarians than in meat eaters." This is the result of the study. Little less dramatic than the article states.
ReplyDelete
3. You talk about the cancer causing effects of overcooked meat and processed meat then proceed to lump all meat into the same category. This is just not true, there is no evidence to support the fact that all meat causes cancer and your argument is unconvincing.
ReplyDelete
Replies
1. Yup, I totally agree with Karen. Unhealthy processed meat, overcooked and most likely fast food hamburgers etc all lumped together with healthy grass fed free range meat.
Delete | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
-- Canada Jobs and Housing Data Signal Economic Weakness
Weaker Canadian job creation and
slower housing starts, along with falling exports, add to
evidence growth in the world’s 10th-largest economy is slowing. Employers added 7,700 jobs in May, the fewest in three
months, Statistics Canada said today from Ottawa, leaving the
unemployment rate at 7.3 percent. The country also recorded its
first merchandise trade deficit in six months in April as
exports declined. Beginning home construction dropped 13
percent, the country’s housing agency said. “We probably won’t see much economic momentum in coming
months for Canada,” said Sal Guatieri , senior economist at BMO
Capital Markets in Toronto. Exports will be restrained by “a
strong Canadian dollar and the global economy is downshifting --
emerging-market economies have slowed.” Bank of Canada policy makers led by Governor Mark Carney
held their key interest rate at 1 percent on June 5 and said the
country’s underlying economic momentum is in line with
projections, even after first-quarter growth that trailed their
earlier forecast. The central bank also said that tensions from
Europe ’s debt crisis have increased while the prices of exported
commodities have eased. Canada’s dollar depreciated 0.1 percent to C$1.0291 per
U.S. dollar at 3:05 p.m. in Toronto. One Canadian dollar buys
97.17 cents. Two-year government bond yields fell one basis
point to 1.04 percent. In its April forecast, the central bank forecast 2.4
percent economic growth this year. Statistics Canada said June 1
the economy grew at a 1.9 percent annual pace in the first
quarter. Calm Needed “The Bank remains biased to take the overnight rate higher
but will require a period of relative calm to pull the
trigger,” said Mazen Issa, Canada macro strategist at TD
Securities in Toronto. The May job gain followed increases of 58,200 and 82,300 in
the prior two months that marked the biggest back-to-back
increases in more than three decades. Today’s job report also showed faster wage growth. Hourly
wages of permanent employees rose 2.9 percent in May from a year
earlier, faster than April’s 2.4 percent pace. The jobs report “is a mixed bag,” said Jimmy Jean , a
strategist in the fixed-income group at Desjardins Capital
Markets in Montreal . ‘Market Anxiety’ “The trade report is consistent with the view that weak
external demand, especially for commodities, may be the Bank’s
main worry in the near term,” he said. “Market anxiety and
potential shocks to confidence are also too significant for the
Bank to be credibly contemplating rate hikes in the near
future.” Construction employment fell by 27,000 in May, reversing a
similar gain in April. Demand for homes, along with public works
projects and energy projects, helped drive the share of Canadian
employment involved in construction to a record high in April. Canada Mortgage & Housing Corp. said on its website today
that housing starts fell 13 percent to an annual pace of 211,400
units in May. The central bank’s rate has been at 1 percent since
September 2010, the longest pause since the 1950s, while five-
year mortgage rates have been at or near record lows most of
this year, averaging 5.44 percent last week. The Bank of Canada
this week said that gains in housing have led to a “less
balanced” recovery. European Crisis Prime Minister Stephen Harper said yesterday he told French
President Francois Hollande in a meeting that European leaders
risk a major global crisis unless they build a proper economic
union. “They’re not going to have growth in Europe unless they
establish some confidence in markets, and it’s going to be very
difficult to establish confidence without a plan to address some
of these issues and some of these structural issues,” Harper
told reporters yesterday in Paris. Canada’s trade report today showed a deficit of C$367
million ($355 million) followed a revised surplus of C$152
million in March. Economists surveyed by Bloomberg projected a
C$180 million surplus, based on the median of 22 forecasts. Exports fell as industrial goods and materials dropped 5.8
percent to C$9.34 billion and machinery and equipment shipments
declined 3.1 percent to C$6.68 billion. Imports rose 0.1 percent
to C$39.5 billion, the fifth straight increase. U.S. Deficit The U.S. Commerce Department said the trade deficit
narrowed in April as a drop in imports overshadowed the first
decline in exports in five months. The gap shrank 4.9 percent to
$50.1 billion, greater than the $49.5 billion economists had
forecast. “I am concerned about relative weakness in the U.S.
economy ,” Finance Minister Jim Flaherty told reporters today in
Quebec City , Quebec. The U.S. buys three-quarters of Canada ’s
exports. Flaherty said today’s reports haven’t changed his
expectations for the economy. “Our economic expectations in the
budget, based on the private-sector forecasts, was for modest,
moderate growth in Canada,” he said. “I expect second-quarter
numbers will show that.” To contact the reporter on this story:
Greg Quinn in Ottawa at
gquinn1@bloomberg.net To contact the editors responsible for this story:
David Scanlan at
dscanlan@bloomberg.net ;
Chris Wellisz at
cwellisz@bloomberg.net | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Knightsbridge Security Deposit robbery
The Knightsbridge Security Deposit robbery took place on 12 July 1987 in Cheval Place, Knightsbridge, England, part of the City of Westminster in London. This robbery, the Banco Central burglary at Fortaleza, and the $900 million stolen from the Central Bank of Iraq in 2003 are said to be the largest bank robberies in history.
The robbery was led by Valerio Viccei (1955–2000), a lawyer's son who arrived in London in 1986 from his native Italy, where he was wanted for 50 armed robberies. Once in London, he quickly resumed his robbery career to fund his playboy lifestyle. On this occasion he secured inside help, obtaining the help of the managing director of the centre, Parvez Latif, a cocaine user, who was heavily in debt.
On the day of the robbery, two men entered the Knightsbridge Safe Deposit Centre and requested to rent a safe deposit box. After being shown into the vault, they drew handguns and subdued the manager and security guards. The thieves then hung a sign on the street-level door explaining that the Safe Deposit Centre was temporarily closed, whilst letting in further accomplices. They broke open many of the safe deposit boxes and left with a hoard estimated to be worth £60 million (equivalent to roughly US$98 million at the 1987 exchange rate).
One hour after the robbers departed, the shift changed and the new staff discovered the crime and alerted the police. Police forensic investigators recovered a bloody fingerprint that was traced to Valerio Viccei. After a period of surveillance, several of his accomplices were arrested during a series of coordinated raids on 12 August 1987 and later were convicted of the crime. Viccei, however, fled to Latin America for some time. Later, when he returned to England to retrieve and ship his Ferrari Testarossa to Latin America, police arrested him.
Viccei was sentenced to 22 years, serving his sentence in Parkhurst Prison on the Isle of Wight. While serving his sentence there, he forged a friendship with Dick Leach, a Flying Squad officer who led his arrest. They regularly wrote letters to each other, referring to themselves as Fred (Leach) and Garfield or The Wolf (Viccei).
In 1992, he was deported to Italy to serve the rest of his sentence. He was incarcerated in an open jail in Pescara, where he was allowed to live a lifestyle he was already accustomed to, as well as running a translation company.
On 19 April 2000, during day release from prison, a gunfight broke out between Viccei, an accomplice, and the police, resulting in the Viccei's death. Two autobiographies of Viccei's life have been published, titled Too Fast to Live (1992) and Live by the Gun, Die by the Gun (published posthumously in 2004). | WIKI |
Íris Tanja Flygenring
Íris Tanja Ívars Flygenring (born 12 November 1989) is an Icelandic actress. She is best known for her performance as Ása in the Netflix TV series Katla. She graduated from the Iceland University of the Arts in 2016. In 2021, she appeared as one of the main characters the third season of Trapped. She performed with the band Hatari as a dancer in 2022.
Personal life
Íris is the daughter of actor Valdimar Örn Flygenring. She has a son, born in 2010 and a daughter, born in 2017. She is engaged to Elín Eyþórsdóttir, one of the band members from Systur, a folk music band consisting of three sisters. | WIKI |
Rakri
Rakri may refer to:
* Rakri, Madhya Pradesh, a village in Rewa district, Madhya Pradesh
* Rakri, Punjab, a census town in Hoshiarpur district, Punjab, India
* Rakri, Uttar Pradesh, a village in Mainpuri district, Uttar Pradesh
* Raksha Bandhan | WIKI |
Lowjack for laptops?
fastman
Golden Member
Oct 9, 1999
1,521
4
81
Anyone using a software or hardware solution?
If so what?
I have a need and I'm looking for intel on this.
TIA
FoxFifth
Member
Feb 16, 2010
139
0
0
Lojack came free for one year on my Dell Studio laptop and seems like a good product. I didn't renew it once the free year expired because the laptop rarely leaves my house, doesn't have sensitive information on it, has online backups of the data that is on it, and if it was to disappear it would be viable for me to replace it with a newer one. About all I can say about it is that it was easy to activate and seems to have very strong features. If I was traveling a lot I would probably have renewed it. Their website is: http://www.absolute.com/en/lojackforlaptops/home.aspx
Six
Senior member
Feb 29, 2000
523
34
91
I know two people who had lojack on their laptops. When their laptops were stolen in separate incidences, I was eagered to see lojack in action and who the thieves were. Unfortunately recovery was 0/2.
One person had the free version that came with his laptop, which doesn't have the $1000 theft recovery guarantee. The other had the premium version, but he was denied for some weird reason. Luckily for him though, he brought the laptop with the American Express card and got reimbursed through their automatic buyer protection program.
grandpaflo
Member
Jan 18, 2011
139
2
81
http://preyproject.com/
"Prey lets you keep track of your phone or laptop at all times, and will help you find it if it ever gets lost or stolen. It's lightweight, open source software, and free for anyone to use. And it just works."
It's open source.
http://adeona.cs.washington.edu/
"Adeona is the first Open Source system for tracking the location of your lost or stolen laptop that does not rely on a proprietary, central service. This means that you can install Adeona on your laptop and go there's no need to rely on a single third party. What's more, Adeona addresses a critical privacy goal different from existing commercial offerings. It is privacy-preserving. This means that no one besides the owner (or an agent of the owner's choosing) can use Adeona to track a laptop. Unlike other systems, users of Adeona can rest assured that no one can abuse the system in order to track where they use their laptop.
Adeona is designed to use the Open Source OpenDHT distributed storage service to store location updates sent by a small software client installed on an owner's laptop. The client continually monitors the current location of the laptop, gathering information (such as IP addresses and local network topology) that can be used to identify its current location. The client then uses strong cryptographic mechanisms to not only encrypt the location data, but also ensure that the ciphertexts stored within OpenDHT are anonymous and unlinkable. At the same time, it is easy for an owner to retrieve location information."
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W. Caleb McDaniel
William Caleb McDaniel (born August 2, 1979) is an American historian. His book Sweet Taste of Liberty: A True Story of Slavery and Restitution in America won the 2020 Pulitzer Prize for History. He is also an Associate professor of History at Rice University.
Early life and education
McDaniel was born on August 2, 1979 to parents Jim and Pam McDaniel. Growing up, he attended William P. Hobby Middle School and Tom C. Clark High School where he was inspired to become a historian. He attended Texas A&M University for his undergraduate degree and Master's degree after being offered a President’s Endowed Scholarship. After earning his degrees, he enrolled at Johns Hopkins University for his PhD, which he received in 2006. While at Johns Hopkins, he listed historian Dorothy Ross as one of his mentors.
Career
Upon earning his PhD, McDaniel accepted an Assistant professor of History position at the University of Denver before moving to Rice University. In his early years at Rice, he published Repealing Unions: American Abolitionists, Irish Repeal, and the Origins of Garrisonian Disunionism in the Journal of the Early Republic, which received the 2008 Ralph D. Gray Article Prize.
In 2013, McDaniel won the James H. Broussard First Book Prize and Merle Curti Award for his book The Problem of Democracy in the Age of Slavery: Garrisonian Abolitionists and Transatlantic Reform. His book focused on the rise of William Lloyd Garrison, an abolitionist, and his network of connections across the Atlantic. Following his first publication, McDaniel sat as a board member for Historians Against Slavery and received the 2017 George R. Brown Award for Superior Teaching. He was also granted a National Endowment for the Humanities’ (NEH) grant to research Henrietta Wood, a former slave.
McDaniel's second book, Sweet Taste of Liberty: A True Story of Slavery and Restitution in America, was published in 2019 and was a historical account of the life of Henrietta Wood. Wood was captured and enslaved twice before winning the largest known financial settlement awarded by a U.S. court in restitution for slavery. He had first learned about Wood from another historian while working on a research project. It received the 2020 Pulitzer Prize for History, making him the first Rice professor to win a Pulitzer, and the Avery O. Craven Award for "the most original book on the coming of the Civil War, the Civil War years, or the Era of Reconstruction, with the exception of works of purely military history." | WIKI |
Talk:Heat pack
I'm gonna do it. god help me, I'm gonna change it. or am i? dammit... Rakki9999111 (talk) 02:39, 30 March 2014 (UTC)
I, uh, am new to editing here and I don't know if I'm doing this right. Please correct me if I am not. Shouldn't the title of this article be "Heat pack (disambiguation)"? it is a disambiguation page, after all. Rakki9999111 (talk) 11:48, 27 August 2013 (UTC) | WIKI |
Talk:Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi
Unsourced
* One should always generalize.
* Mathematics is the science of what is clear by itself. | WIKI |
Maya Angelou’s Harlem Home for Sale
Exclusive 17 Photos View Slide Show › The century-old Harlem brownstone that served as the New York home of the memoirist, poet and civil rights activist Maya Angelou for almost a decade, and where she entertained scores of friends like Oprah Winfrey and Cicely Tyson with dance parties and competitive Boggle games and whipped up her signature smothered chicken, is about to enter the market. The asking price for the four-story, 20-foot-wide house at 58 West 120th Street, in the Mount Morris Park Historic District, across from Marcus Garvey Park and 10 blocks from Central Park, is $5.095 million, according to Valon Nikci, the broker-owner of Link NY Realty, which is listing the property on behalf of Ms. Angelou’s family. Annual property taxes total $5,358.15. Ms. Angelou, who died in May 2014 at the age of 86, had her primary residence in Winston-Salem, N.C., where she had been a professor of American studies at Wake Forest University. But she often returned to New York, drawn by her literary roots. Her first city home was a modest apartment in Brooklyn, and over the years, she also lived on Central Park West and Riverside Drive. At the suggestion of her friends Nick Ashford and Valerie Simpson, the Motown songwriting couple, Ms. Angelou purchased the Harlem brownstone with a classic front stoop, sight unseen, in 2002, according to city records, though she didn’t move in until 2004. Built in the early 1900s between Malcolm X Boulevard and Fifth Avenue, it was a dilapidated shell when Ms. Angelou bought it, the victim of vandals, with missing stairs and rotting floor beams. (Mr. Nikci said that similar “shell” houses in the neighborhood at that time were selling for $300,000 to $600,000.) The offices of Ms. Angelou’s close friend Bill Clinton were five blocks away. With the help of the architect Marc Anderson of M. Anderson Design of East Harlem, she commenced a gut renovation, transforming the house into a stunning, high-ceilinged home with five bedrooms, five full baths and three half baths, across roughly 5,500 square feet of space, including the finished basement. There is also a 39-by-20-foot backyard garden off the kitchen. Ms. Angelou preserved as many of the original architectural details as she could. This included refurbishing the ornate oak front door, the parlor-level wainscoting and the carved staircase banister, as well as the decorative fireplaces, Mr. Nikci said. She added contemporary elements like an elevator, recessed lighting, two skylights and central air-conditioning. She also turned the basement into a recreation/entertainment area. Her master suite encompassed the third floor and included a fireplace and a spacious library. In fact, there are numerous bookshelves throughout the home, which might have housed her myriad works, including her six-volume memoirs, poetry, plays, essays, children’s books and cookbooks. Additional bedrooms are on the fourth floor (where there’s also a laundry room) and the garden level, which also has the kitchen, with a decorative fireplace and a dumbwaiter. Though it now sits vacant, the brownstone once shimmered with bursts of color from the artwork Ms. Angelou had collected, and from her choice of décor. Oversize armchairs and couches in the living room on the parlor level were upholstered in bold shades of lime green, tangerine, grape and yellow — “I wanted the room to look like a bowl of summer fruit,” she said in a 2007 interview — and the dining room showcased a soffit ceiling with a painted blue sky and clouds, a feature that remains. The parlor level also once displayed a birdcage lamp, resting on a piano, a nod to her autobiographical work “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings,” published in 1969. “I loved that home — it was a gorgeous home,” said her grandson Colin Johnson, who recalls spending numerous holidays at the brownstone with friends and family members, including his children, Caylin and Brandon. (He spoke from the Sundance Film Festival in Utah, where he was attending the premiere of the film “Maya Angelou: And Still I Rise.”) Ms. Angelou herself once described her home as a refuge, “not only from the world, but a refuge from my worries, my troubles, my concerns.” While Mr. Johnson, who lives in the Washington area and now runs the family business, Caged Bird Legacy, said he was sad to see the home leave the family, he believed his grandmother “would have liked us to chart our own course. She would have wanted us to go off and be happy and find a place that we’d want to live in.” Ms. Angelou had returned to the brownstone several times a year, but as she grew increasingly frail, stopped going altogether. The house was rented out for a couple of years, from 2013 to 2015, according to Mr. Nikci. “What makes this house so special,” he said, “is that you’re buying a piece of history.” | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Title: 3D Ta/TaOx/TiO2/Ti synaptic array and linearity tuning of weight update for hardware neural network applications
Authors: Wang, I-Ting
Chang, Chih-Cheng
Chiu, Li-Wen
Chou, Teyuh
Hou, Tuo-Hung
電子工程學系及電子研究所
Department of Electronics Engineering and Institute of Electronics
Keywords: hardware neural network;electronic synapse;three dimensional;RRAM
Issue Date: 9-Sep-2016
Abstract: The implementation of highly anticipated hardware neural networks (HNNs) hinges largely on the successful development of a low-power, high-density, and reliable analog electronic synaptic array. In this study, we demonstrate a two-layer Ta/TaOx/TiO2/Ti cross-point synaptic array that emulates the high-density three-dimensional network architecture of human brains. Excellent uniformity and reproducibility among intralayer and interlayer cells were realized. Moreover, at least 50 analog synaptic weight states could be precisely controlled with minimal drifting during a cycling endurance test of 5000 training pulses at an operating voltage of 3 V. We also propose a new state-independent bipolar-pulse-training scheme to improve the linearity of weight updates. The improved linearity considerably enhances the fault tolerance of HNNs, thus improving the training accuracy.
URI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/27/36/365204
http://hdl.handle.net/11536/134237
ISSN: 0957-4484
DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/36/365204
Journal: NANOTECHNOLOGY
Volume: 27
Issue: 36
Appears in Collections:Articles | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
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