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The act of preserving food is as old as civilization, and like many of the things we take for granted today, the methods of preservation were most likely first discovered by accident and/or trial and error.
Some of the methods that we still use today trace their origins back to ancient times, where forms of fermentation, oil packing, pickling, salting, drying, and smoking were all practised regularly. One of the earliest recorded examples of food preservation is from ancient Egypt and shows the drying of grains and their storage in sealed silos.
The Greeks, Romans, Sumerians, and Asians, in addition to the Egyptians, all used different food storage methods and preserved their food in clay pots. Their preservation use persisted and developed into techniques we still use today.
But why, to begin with, has food preservation been developed? The need for preservation arose because, in some areas, the climate dictated when food could or could not be grown. In other areas, especially those subject to harsh weather, raising livestock could be difficult if done year-round; instead, livestock was raised for most of the year and would be slaughtered before winter set in. The fruits, vegetables, and meats stored and set aside after the harvest had to carry people through the tough months when fresh foods were not available in both scenarios. And, as food
Now let’s take a quick look, historically speaking, at the methods used by early civilizations worldwide. Further along, we will take a closer look at these methods, all of which are still in use today.
One of the first methods of preservation you would probably think of when talking about preserving the harvest is canning (especially if you grew up with a grandmother or mother who always had a pantry full of home-canned products!)
Canning, like freezing, is one of the “newer” preservation methods. It was established in France after Napoleon asked Nicholas Appert to find a way to store food in the mid-1790s so that the army could bring food supplies with them. By 1806, the French Navy was using the canning method for meat, milk, fruits, and vegetables.
In 1810, as a storage container, the tin can was first used in England. Raymond Chevalier Appert then patented the pressure canner in 1851. This enabled canning at temperatures higher than 212°F.
Today we still home can, and while we may have developed a few more techniques to make our food storage even safer, canning hasn’t changed all that much over the years.
Sugar is another form of preservation. Today we use sugar primarily as the method to create jelly or jam. In early cultures either sugar or honey, another form of sugar would be used. Fruit and honey were a popular mix of goods and preserves.
The ancient Greeks would take their first slightly dried quince and pack it tightly into jars of honey. By first cooking the quince and honey together before packing, making more jelly or jam, the ancient Romans strengthened this technique.
Jellies and jams were a form of fruit preservation that was used as an alternative when it was not possible to dry fruits. A good example would be in the northern states of colonial America, where drying fruits was not practical or efficient. In areas like these, jellies and jams allowed families to still have fruit in the snowy winters.
Freezing (and Refrigeration)
It probably goes without saying, but freezing (and refrigeration) was among the most climate/weather-specific method of storing and preserving foods. In areas of extreme cold and those that had winter conditions during at least part of the year, ice, snow and cold streams were used to keep items cold or, depending upon temperature, frozen. Caves were also used for this purpose, and in later times, people would build cellars designed for cold storage. These cold storage rooms, which we would come to know as root cellars, could store food at temperatures between 30° and 40°F.
The root cellar would then be replaced by the ice house (in the US) where ice and food would be stored. After this, the ice house was replaced by the icebox, which served to bring the ice house into the kitchen.
True refrigeration would arise later in the 1800s, and by the late 1800s, a man called Clarence Birdseye would find a way to freeze food easily, changing the way food was kept cold forever. His techniques would later build into the home freezer method that we heavily depend on today.
Drying is one of the oldest forms of preservation and is probably the simplest method of keeping food longer. The method’s widespread usage goes back as far as 6000 B.C., and evidence of its use goes much further back to 12,000 B.C. The Middle East and parts of western Asia. The Roman citizens enjoyed dried fruits in ancient Rome. Similar to what we would think of today as a smokehouse, the Middle Ages used the use of still houses as an alternative to sun drying.
This allowed foods to be dried in areas or regions that did not have enough sun for the natural drying process to take place. It is possible to dry fruits, vegetables and herbs this way.
In colonial America, drying was used mainly in the South, where heat and sunlight were plentiful for natural drying, although other areas may have been able to take advantage of some drying as well. For example, even in the north, herbs and flowers were hung out to dry, in either an outbuilding or inside the home.
Europeans used the drying process for fish more than for other meats, especially in those regions where fish such as cod and haddock were the main meat consumed.
A couple of interesting points on drying originate with the Indians in early America and have to do with pumpkins has been a staple in their diet. Not only was pumpkin dried and ground into flour to be stored for later use, but the pumpkin was also dried in strips, then woven into mats. These mats were not for feeding, but for sitting or sleeping. An odd usage when we think about eating dried foods!
The technique has its drawbacks, as simple as drying is. Drying will change the texture and taste of food. A perfect example is beef jerky. Compare a dried meat strip to a standard cooked meat strip. The differences in looks and taste are quite apparent.
By immersing it in vinegar, pickling typically includes preserving food. It was made famous by the Romans, who used the pickling fish technique to make something called garum, which was pickled fish sauce, one of the oldest types of food preservation.
Use of pickling rose during the sixteenth century due to the arrival of new foods in Europe and today is still one of the most well-known and popular forms of food preservation.
Although dehydration may be the earliest known form of curing, most people, when prompted, will probably first think of salt curing. One of the oldest recognised food additives is salt. In 1250 B.C., during the time of the Phoenicians, fish were gutted, dried, and then packed in salt. In ancient Rome, the word “salary” came from the Roman word salarium (meaning “salt”). Salt was so important during this time that soldiers received salt as payment. The ancient Egyptians even use salt as part of their embalming process. The Middle Ages also found a great many salts uses, particularly in the healing of their meat.
By the 1800s, the methods of using salt for curing were greatly improved when it was discovered that some salts work better with meats than others. It was found that some salts left the meats more red and friendly in appearance when combined with saltpetre. Foods that were preserved using these methods include pork, beef, and fish, foods that we continue to salt today.
Herring was (and still is) a popular salted fish. The fish needed to be preserved quickly, as the oil of the fish goes bad, usually within 24 hours of the catch.
As with drying, smoking dates back to at least 6000 BC as a preservation technique. Some believe that it was the still houses used for drying in the Middle Ages that had a part in making smoking popular as a method of preserving food.
People found that, in some cases, the effects of smoke on some of the foods they were drying allowed them to produce more flavorful and longer-lasting preserves. Smokehouses were used in early times and were usually any type of shed or covered structure.
The first meat to be smoked was fish, and there is evidence that the technique was so common in ninth-century Poland that large amounts of fish were smoked for later consumption. Smoked pork became a common way for farmers in early America to preserve and store meat from the fall/winter pig slaughter in the late nineteenth century, as it allowed them to be able to carry the meat during the winter.
Smoking has become popular again today and is a form of food preparation particularly used for preserving meats.
Another ancient method of preservation is fermentation, theoretically going back as far as 10,000 B.C. Kimchi, sauerkraut, wine, and beer are some products that are produced through fermentation. Although you can definitely buy food preserved through a fermentation process, it is a process that is not widely used today in the typical household.
However, this trend is changing as more and more households begin to prepare their sauerkraut, beer, and wine at home.
This debate is just a very brief look at the past of process preservation. However, even this short glimpse is enough to show how long and storied the techniques of preserving food are. Most had very humble roots but worked well enough that we still use the methods in one form or another today. In the “Preserving Today”, we will look at preserving for use in today’s modern home. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Corruption in Sudan
Corruption in Sudan is substantial, as it is considered one of the most corrupt nations in the world. On the 2010 World Bank Worldwide Governance Indicators, on one hundred point scale, it scored in the single digits in every category, including 0.9 for political stability, 6.2 for rule of law, 7.2 for regulatory quality, 6.7 for government effectiveness, and 4.3 for control of corruption. In 2011 Freedom House named Sudan as one of the worst nations for human rights.
Sudan presents one of the most challenging business environments in the world. Sectors where foreign investments are concentrated, such as construction and transportation, are recognized worldwide as being very prone to corruption. Corruption exists in every sector of the economy and in every level of the Sudanese government. It takes the form of "financial and political corruption, nepotism, and misuse of power". According to the Sudan Democracy First Group, petty corruption is pervasive for citizens seeking government services.
One source notes the ubiquity in Sudan of "petty and grand corruption, embezzlement of public funds, and a system of political patronage well entrenched within the fabrics of society", and that the effects of corruption are often obfuscated by constant instability. While patronage negatively affects businesses, police and military corruption infringe on civil rights.
In recent years, Sudan has enjoyed rapid economic growth, mainly owing to its natural resources, including several high-demand natural resources, increasing the opportunities for corruption.
Background
Colonel Omar al-Bashir took power during an Islamic 1989 coup after which he executed 30 military officers who initiated a failed coup attempt in 1990. He acceded to the presidency in 1993. He then took further measures to silence his opposition including numerous executions.
The Second Sudanese Civil War ended in 2005, and after a long ceasefire, in 2011 South Sudan gained independence. Nonetheless, corruption remained rampant, all while a new conflict arose in Darfur, between government-supported Janjaweed forces and rebel groups seeking control of state natural resources. By 2009 the conflict was deemed a genocide and the International Criminal Court called for al-Bashir's arrest.
Corruption in the public sector
Corruption is common among Sudanese government officials, who routinely act with total impunity, knowing that they will almost certainly not be investigated for any transgression. Sources have stated that the opportunities for corruption are created by an inefficient administration and bureaucracy, along with poor record-keeping and a lack of transparency. Bribes are commonly demanded by government employees.
On Transparency International's 2023 Corruption Perceptions Index, Sudan scored 20 on a scale from 0 ("highly corrupt") to 100 ("very clean"). When ranked by score, Sudan ranked 162nd among the 180 countries in the Index, where the country ranked first is perceived to have the most honest public sector. For comparison with worldwide scores, the best score was 90 (ranked 1), the average score was 43, and the worst score was 11 (ranked 180). For comparison with regional scores, the average score among sub-Saharan African countries was 33. The highest score in sub-Saharan Africa was 71 and the lowest score was 11.
Bribery
Bribery is a commonplace demand made by public officials for services that citizenry are entitled to by law. Of respondents to a 2011 Transparency International survey who had dealt with various Sudanese government entities, almost a quarter were forced to pay bribes. Bribery demands were particularly high among the police, the customs bureau, tax authorities, and land services.
Police
Sudanese police officers are alleged to commit several human-rights abuses, including making arbitrary and unwarranted arrests. Law enforcement officials are said to receive bribes on a regular basis from citizenry. In addition, investigations lack any due process and retaliations against police critics are common.
The Sudanese police force is said to surpass all other government agencies in the public's perception of corrupt agencies. In addition, law-enforcement officers are subject to interference by government officials, and hiring for the police force can often be explained by political connections rather than by professional qualifications.
Judiciary
The Sudanese judiciary is not an independent branch of government and is therefore subject to influence by other branches of government. Efficiency in the courts is also hampered by inadequate resources, poor infrastructure, poor training, inadequate salaries, and long delays before trial. Freedom House reported that courts are often subject to political manipulation and fail to meet international legal standards.
Customs officials
Customs regulations are not uniformly enforced. Companies and officials with political connections are often exempted from customs duties, who earn income through importing goods without paying tariffs.
Job appointments
In August 2015, the head of the Darfur Regional Authority (DRA) and former head of the Liberation and Justice Movement (LJM), were publicly accused of corruption. Abu Garda said Sese had complete authority over appointing government positions at every level. In other words, Sese had stripped all authority from the DRA, as a result of which the Council of Ministers had a total of four meetings in four years. Abu Garda said that the people of Darfur should impeach Sese as president of the DRA for failure to implement a recovery and enabling corruption in the Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration program.
Procurement
Sudanese legislation is supposed to address conflicts of interest on the part of public procurement officials and is also supposed to provide for the monitoring of these officials' finances, but in practice these laws are not enforced. Companies with Islamist connections are unfairly awarded public contracts without following the proper procedures for bidding. They subsequently subcontract to party loyalists, eliminating any competition, leading to a high frequency of small businesses failing.
Ministry of Finance and budgeting
In January 2014, the Sudanese Ministry of Finance was accused by El Tahir Abdel Gayoum, an auditing body, of omitting £s.16 billion in liabilities from its ledger. The auditors noted other irregularities, including the retention by ministries of $12.1 million in funds intended for the finance ministry, the spending of extra-budgetary funds by some government units, the retention of consultants whose contracts had not been renewed, the retention on the payroll of former government employees, and the awarding of bids by influential government figures to associates at above-market prices and without written contracts.
In March 2014, economic minister Adel Abdel Aziz, held the Ministry of Finance responsible for Sudan's poor showing on international corruption indexes. He accused the Ministry of Finance of mismanaging the budget and of administrative negligence and said that the Ministry uses political power to force tenders, bribery, royalties, and allocation of lands to their benefit.
The Sudanese budget is alleged to be completely opaque and therefore easily allow embezzlement. Sudan was ranked lowest score in all East Africa on the 2010 Open Budget Index. According to the United States sources, over US$2 billion of public funding was embezzled in 2008. The entire military budget is undisclosed, allowing for no insight into spending.
Tax collection in Sudan is characterized as lacking rule of law where the politically connected are given breaks, but all others suffer unjustly high taxes. There is no uniform tax code across the country, leading many to misreport incomes and apply creative methods to cheat taxes. In addition, the one agency involved in fixing the tax code lacks necessary resources and independence to sufficiently improve the tax environment.
Treatment of media
Media outlets in Sudan are subjected to political manipulations and lack journalistic independence. As a result, government agencies regularly censor newspapers and mandate outlets to release pro-government stories.
Under the 2009 Press and Publication Act, journalists and others who are critical of the government can face harassment and arrest, as well as violence in some cases. Several private newspapers have faced arrests, seizures, and raids. Visas are denied to some foreign reporters as well.
According to the Radio Dabanga website, the Sudanese Security Service monitors all Sudanese newspapers daily, demanding editors delete and censor news about corruption, security, or the war crimes committed by the government against its own citizens in Darfur, South Kordofan, and along the Blue Nile. Also, several journalists have noted that the ruling National Congress Party does not allow any media to be published not in their interests.
On 22 January 2014, members of Sudanese police in Khartoum confiscated all of that day's El Jareeda newspapers at the printer. The government did not explain the action, although the headline story in that day's newspaper was about corruption at the Sudanese Cottons Company. El Jareeda's story reported that the Auditor General's office had accused Badr El Din Mahmoud, Minister of Finance and former deputy director of the Bank of Sudan, of several crimes including forgery and misuse of legal tender, while he was chairman of the Committee on Purchases of the New Ginneries.
In July 2015, the Sudanese government ordered the director of the National Television and Radio Corporation to stop airing "Beit El Jalous", a new radio show hosted by screenwriter and psychologist Ali Baldo, who on the program addressed rising corruption and nepotism in Sudan. Baldo accused prominent leaders and major figures in the media of pressuring officials to stop the series.
Treatment of NGOs
Conditions for NGOs in Sudan, according to Freedom House, have worsened significantly due to antagonism towards government critics. In 2009, when an arrest warrant was issued for Omar al-Bashir, Sudan responded by expelling several international humanitarian aid organizations, revoking permits for thirteen foreign NGOs and permanently shutting down three domestic NGOs.
Elections
Elections in Sudan are riddled with corruption. Bashir was re-elected by a large majority in the 2010 elections, the country's first open election in over two decades, but international observers expressed deep concern about extensive fraud and intimidation. According to the observers, the election was not fair by international standards; the US State Department deemed them unfree and unfair.
Fairness in the 2010 election was rendered impossible by the strict limits on freedom of the press, of assembly, and of expression, by a lack of media coverage, and by the buying of votes. While some opposition parties boycotted the 2010 elections, other opposition parties that took part in them refused to recognize the results, charging voting fraud. Prior to the elections, several candidates have been known to withdraw their candidacies in exchange for explicit and implicit bribes. This practice has made it common for some to run without the intent of taking office, but rather be offered a bargain to withdraw from the election.
Writing in the New York Daily News about the April 2010 elections, Dan Morrison stated that in addition to such "structural issues" as "the manipulated census, the gerrymandering, the packing of the National Election Commission with ruling party retainers, or the use of patronage to secure blocks of votes and suppress competition", there were reports of school children who were allowed to cast votes; soldiers who voted "both at their duty station and also, magically, at their home villages hundreds of miles away"; election officials who used "solvents to dilute the indelible ink that is meant to stain the fingers and prevent repeat voting"; and "stuffed or stolen" ballot boxes.
Sale of public lands
In 2014 public lands were sold in great quantity in southern Darfur. In November of that year an investigation was launched to determine if these lands were sold to ineligible owners with government connections, without the proper consent. In turn, the investigative committee was accused of neglecting legal recourse against those responsible for the illegal sales.
DDR misappropriations
In late 2014, the nation's Minister of Health, accused Dr. Tijani Sese, leader of the Liberation and Justice Movement (LJM), of using his own personal guard rather than LJM operatives to aid in the DDR program, allowing for over $2 billion of public funding to be misappropriated by private soldiers and embezzled into undisclosed accounts.
Corruption in business
Sudan's business sector is rife with corruption, due to no mechanisms existing to promote transparency. Several international business organizations have warned investors that Sudan's business environment is considered high-risk.
Doing business in Sudan requires unordinary excessive amounts of documentation, fees, and procedures which all increase the likelihood of public officials soliciting bribes to ease the process or ignore certain rules. Sudan was ranked 135th (of 183 countries) on the 2012 ease of doing business index. The Financial Standards Foundation characterized Sudan in 2010 as a difficult nation to conduct business.
The oil sector
After South Sudan seceded, taking with it most of Sudan's oil wealth, the Sudanese government imposed greater rule and regulation of the remaining industry. Omar al-Bashir is alleged to funnel the nation's oil revenues into his own private accounts. A leaked diplomatic cable alleged that al-Bashir embezzled nearly US$9 billion in Sudanese oil revenues.
Sports
According to a September 2015 report, a lack of oversight governing the sale of tickets to soccer matches has led to the emergence of a criminal network that profits illegally by manipulating the sale of ticket sales. The people involved in this corruption are the stadium ticket-sellers, stadium employees, and the relevant regulatory authorities.
The stadium employees only tear a handful of the tickets they are handed by fans. They then resell the bulk of them to the ticket seller, who in turn sell them back to the public, greatly overfilling the stadiums.
The scheme is said to be run by a mafia. Also, some fans can get into games by bribing stadium employees with an amount less than the ticket price, while the stadium can report the full seat price as an expense. This scheme results in substantial financial losses for football clubs and the cities in which they are based and causes widespread consternation. But the Sudanese Football Association, which employs these people, has failed to address it seriously.
Transport
Corruption is endemic in the sale of bus tickets. After approximately half the tickets for any given bus trip have been sold at the ticket office for the official price, the sale is cut off and the bus conductors then start selling the remaining tickets on the black market for almost double the official price. When would-be ticket buyers complain, they are informed that the tickets have been reserved for soldiers, or that the tickets have been reserved in advance by other passengers.
Moreover, after all the tickets have been sold, either legally or illegally, the conductor and driver load yet more passengers onto the bus, usually under supervision of traffic enforcement who purposefully do not report newly added passengers. These police are therefore participants in this corrupt system.
In addition, they record a false departure time for the bus, so that the driver can drive faster and make extra trips. Also involved in this scheme are police officers at highway checkpoints, who play along with these deceptions. This kind of corruption not only cheats customers but endangers them and others, and in case of a bus accident would invalidate any insurance claims.
Nepotism
Nepotism and favoritism is a rampant problem. It is common practice for businessmen to pay kickbacks to family members in government positions in exchange for contracts.
Top leaders of the ruling party control at least 164 companies. Among the richest men in Sudan, for example, is one of President Bashir's brothers, who controls the cement industry and is the chief supplier of the Merowe Dam construction firm. Two other brothers of Bashir are reportedly majority shareholders of a firm that owns shares of over twenty of the largest subsidiaries.
Corruption in mine disposal program
Dismissed employees of the Sudanese Association for Combating Mines (Jasmar), accused its director in November 2014 of stealing large numbers of technical devices borrowed from the UN, of creating shell companies in Ed Daein, East Darfur, and Zalingei, Central Darfur, of forging invoices, and of making off with "vehicles, office furniture, and other equipment" worth about half a million Sudanese pounds. The director had also allegedly dealt out over 20 Toyota Land Cruisers to individuals who were in no way associated with the mine disposal program, charged one dismissed official, who also said that three major power generators had also gone missing.
Anti-corruption efforts
Until recently, Sudan had no federal anti-corruption agency. Corruption charges were almost never investigated, although the Auditor General urged the prosecution of certain officials for embezzling public funds. At an emergency cabinet meeting in March 2014, President Bashir ordered his Council of Ministers to combat corruption and introduced an anti-corruption reform plan which would be implemented by a new committee and five new sub-committees. Despite the government's claims to want to fight corruption, its anti-corruption agency has so far failed to bring corrupt public officials to justice.
The relevant public disclosing body is supposed to serve as an ombudsman, but is underfunded and lacks independence. The office of the Auditor General is nominally independent under Sudanese law, but in practice is subject to political influence. The office also has insufficient resources and the government rarely takes any serious steps to combat corruption. The office has itself, moreover, been the target of corruption allegations. In a 2007 case, three high-ranking officials in the office were suspended in an embezzlement case.
According to one source, Sudan has poor anti-corruption measures in place due to weak administrative protocols, "wavering" political will to combat corruption, and a blurred distinction between the government and the ruling political party. Sudan has endorsed anti-corruption protocols from the United Nations. Still, however, public officials are not required to disclose their finances and there is no provision for transparency.
Sudanese criminal law is supposed to protect officials who report corruption. In practice, however, whistleblowers often experience retaliation. | WIKI |
Colorado 1870–2000
Colorado 1870–2000 is a pictorial history of frontier Colorado consisting of repeat photography by photographers William Henry Jackson and John Fielder. This book is also a collaboration with the Colorado Historical Society.
Jackson - Nineteenth Century
Jackson started photographing Colorado for the Hayden Survey to map the West in 1870. Jackson owned his own photography studio in Denver, which enabled him to make contacts with railroad companies. Jackson traveled all over the Colorado territory and later, the state of Colorado, for over 30 years. He even climbed Rocky Mountains peaks that are over 14,000 feet high in to capture his photographs for the survey. Jackson's photographs also depict various Colorado geological characteristics such as boulders and creeks. Due to the lack of railroads, Jackson did not photograph the eastern plains and northwestern Colorado. Jackson later sold his business and the negatives from his photos to a photography company in Detroit when Colorado's economy declined in the late 1890s.
Fielder - Twentieth Century
Fielder has a long history of being a nature photographer, with his focus primarily on landscapes and nature of Colorado. Fielder had his own collection of old photographs which gave him the idea to follow in the footsteps of another historical photographer of Colorado landscapes. Fielder worked with the Colorado Historical Society which had a large collection of Jackson's photographs taken a century earlier. The historical society liked Fielder's concept to rephotograph the areas of Colorado that Jackson had traveled to and worked in collaboration with Fielder for the project. Jackson took thousands of photographs throughout his Colorado travels so it was an enormous challenge for Fielder to narrow down 300 photos that he would rephotograph from 1997-1998. Fielder used Jackson's pictures to assist him with finding the location from Jackson's pictures, which often was a challenge since some geological landmarks changed over a century. Fielder photographed the same landmarks and scenery that Jackson using the same lighting and the same view as Jackson, only a century later. Fielder states that he could not find evidence left behind by Jackson of the spots where he took his photos, although other local photographers found imprints in the ground from Jackson's equipment. Colorado 1870-2000 is an easily recognizable hardcover brown volume of 156 Jackson-Fielder photographs. It was published in 1999 under Westcliffe Publishers, Fielder's own publishing company.
Awards
Colorado 1870-2000 became a success with Colorado residents and is most widely known as Colorado Then and Now. It won the Colorado Humanitaries Colorado Book Award for non-fiction of Colorado/West in 1999. It was also named as Colorado's Tourism Website as one of the "10 Top Colorado History Reads.
Related works
Colorado 1870-2000 Revisited, published in 2001, was a companion book to the original book providing additional information and history about the images. This book was a collaboration between Fielder and Thomas Noel. The final book of the Fielder-Jackson, Colorado 1870-2000 II was released in 2005. It contains the remaining photos that Fielder took on his quest to rephotograph Jackson. Several other then and now books on Colorado have been published by various authors, many predating Fielder's work. Robert L. Brown produced three then and now books on Colorado ghost towns in the 1960s and early 1970s. Grant Collier retraced the steps of his great-great-grandfather, the pioneer photographer Joseph Collier, in his book Colorado: Yesterday & Today. More recently, Sandra Forty produced the book Colorado Past and Present. | WIKI |
Cementing Techniques In Knee Surgery (CeTIKS): a UK expert consensus study
Matthew Hampton, Vivek Balachandar, Charalambos P Charalambous, Paul M Sutton, Phillip Jonathan Walmsley, CeTIKS study group
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
Abstract
AIMS: Aseptic loosening is the most common cause of failure following cemented total knee arthroplasty (TKA), and has been linked to poor cementation technique. We aimed to develop a consensus on the optimal technique for component cementation in TKA.
METHODS: A UK-based, three-round, online modified Delphi Expert Consensus Study was completed focusing on cementation technique in TKA. Experts were identified as having a minimum of five years' consultant experience in the NHS and fulfilling any one of the following criteria: a 'high volume' knee arthroplasty practice (> 150 TKAs per annum) as identified from the National joint Registry of England, Wales, Northern Ireland and the Isle of Man; a senior author of at least five peer reviewed articles related to TKA in the previous five years; a surgeon who is named trainer for a post-certificate of comletion of training fellowship in TKA.
RESULTS: In total, 81 experts (round 1) and 80 experts (round 2 and 3) completed the Delphi Study. Four domains with a total of 24 statements were identified. 100% consensus was reached within the cement preparation, pressurization, and cement curing domains. 90% consensus was reached within the cement application domain. Consensus was not reached with only one statement regarding the handling of cement during initial application to the tibial and/or femoral bone surfaces.
CONCLUSION: The Cementing Techniques In Knee Surgery (CeTIKS) Delphi consensus study presents comprehensive recommendations on the optimal technique for component cementing in TKA. Expert opinion has a place in the hierarchy of evidence and, until better evidence is available these recommendations should be considered when cementing a TKA.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)682-688
Number of pages7
JournalBone & Joint Open
Volume4
Issue number9
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 6 Sept 2023
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Sleeper (Godstar album)
Sleeper is the debut album by Godstar, released in 1993.
Critical reception
AllMusic wrote that "the songs are unpretentious but extremely catchy." Trouser Press called the album full of "chiming guitars and charming vocals." Spin called it "14 pure power pop shots to the dome."
Track listing
* 1) "Ersatz"
* 2) "Bad Bad Implication"
* 3) "Little Bit About"
* 4) "Single"
* 5) "Everything You Give Me Breaks"
* 6) "Wigram"
* 7) "Forgotten Night"
* 8) "Lie Down Forever" (Tom Morgan, Robin St. Clare)
* 9) "The Brightest Star"
* 10) "Had The Time Of My Life"
* 11) "Stranger"
* 12) "Days Gone By"
* 13) "Something Unplanned"
* 14) "Every Now & Again"
All songs written by Nic Dalton except where indicated.
Personnel
* Nic Dalton
* Tom Morgan
* Robin St. Clare
* Alison Galloway
* Bob Weston
* Evan Dando
* Rachel King | WIKI |
Jeff Stanzler
Jeff Stanzler is an American screenwriter and director. He wrote and directed the 1992 film Jumpin' at the Boneyard along with the 2005 psychological thriller, Sorry, Haters, an "official selection" in both the Toronto International and American Film Institute film festivals. He is currently working on a documentary about politics in West Africa. He's married to Annouchka Yameogo-Stanzler.
Selected filmography
* Jumpin' at the Boneyard (1992)
* Sorry, Haters (2005) | WIKI |
Wikipedia:WikiProject Military history/Peer review/Operation Deny Flight
Operation Deny Flight
This is still a relatively young article, and as a matter of fact it's still nominated to be on DYK, but I intend to take it all the way to FA status if possible. Thus, I'm soliciting input on what direction you think the article needs to take to get there. At the moment, I think the article is well-referenced to a large portion of the relevant literature, and provides a good look at the topic. I am somewhat concerned that it may not present enough background for people unfamiliar with the Bosnian War, and I'd like your feedback on that, as well as any other concerns or comments you may have. Many thanks. Cool3 (talk) 23:29, 25 February 2009 (UTC)
Nick-D
This is off to a very good start, and may already be A-class My comments are:
* The size and organisational structure of the NATO air forces used and how this changed over time should be described. Which air bases did these aircraft operate from?
* Were any of the contributing air forces and their aircraft particularly effective or ineffective?
* Did rules of engagement differ between participating countries?
* The photo in the infobox is rather dull
* A map showing the extent of the no-fly zone would be helpful. Nick-D (talk) 05:53, 28 February 2009 (UTC)
* Thanks for the input. Those are all things I should probably incorporate. As for the photo, yes I'd like a more exciting one, but I don't know what to use, any suggestions? Cool3 (talk) 06:00, 28 February 2009 (UTC)
* How about DF-ST-94-00193, DF-ST-94-00194, F-3282-SPT-93-000811-XX-0075 or F-3282-SPT-93-000811-XX-0048 from http://www.defenseimagery.mil/? (I like the last one best as it shows an F-15 and E-3) Nick-D (talk) 06:16, 28 February 2009 (UTC)
* I agree, that's a much better picture, and I've uploaded it to Commons and put it in the article. Cool3 (talk) 07:04, 28 February 2009 (UTC)
* I've also added a section on the participating forces and command structure, I hope it resolves some of the questions you raised. Cool3 (talk) 07:04, 28 February 2009 (UTC)
Skinny87
To echo NickD, this is an excellent article, and I've only a few comments.
* The lead could be expanded slightly, it's looking a tad anemic at the moment.
* That infobox picture is much better that the previous one.
* During Sky Monitor, it would be helpful to know who actually breached Bosnian airspace - the nationalities, that is, if possible.
* 'The United States had also begun unilaterally dropping humanitarian supplies into Bosnia under Operation Provide Promise in February, and some American officials were eager to expand US air operations' - Any particular reason why?
* 'After its adoption, Operation Deny Flight was relatively successful in preventing the operation of fixed-wing aircraft in Bosnia; however, at the start of the conflict there were only an estimated 32 fixed-wing military aircraft in Bosnia' - Could be made clearer why it was only 'relatively' successful, and also that the fixed-wing aircraft were all NATO (well, I'm assuming they were, anyway)
* 'All sides in the Bosnian conflict made extensive use of helicopters for a variety of purposes, and some flights were authorized by the Zagreb Flight Coordination Center, making matters even more difficult for NATO pilots' - What is the Zagreb Flight Coordination Centre?
* Just wondering should 'In particular, Bill Clinton campaigned in 1992 on the promise of a "lift and strike" policy' - have 'President of the United States Bill Clinton'? Especially since youhave President in the next sentence - I'd suggest swapping them
* 'The Serb aircraft dropped napalm and cluster bombs. Although most of the ordnance failed to explode, the attacks were a clear violation of the no-fly zone, and a challenge to NATO' - Why did they fail to explode most of the time?
That's all for now, I'll come back and have a look at a later time. Good work though! Skinny87 (talk) 09:14, 28 February 2009 (UTC)
* I will rewrite the lead, that's always my number one problem with articles.
* Well, I'm unable to find the number of violations by nationality, but it was a combination of everyone, I've added that.
* They thought expanded air operations would end the conflict more quickly, added that.
* The planes were all under Serb control, yea that was unclear.
* I've moved the info to show how Deny Flight was relatively successful: flights dropped from 20 per month to 3
* The Zagreb Flight Coordination Center is referenced in the section above, it was the UN body established to authorize flights. I've changed the phrase to "the UN's Zagreb Flight Coordination Center" which I hope makes it more clear.
* Well the I just say "Bill Clinton campaigned in 1992" because he wasn't President yet when he was campaigning, but I've changed it to campaigned for President of the United States to make that more clear to people who perhaps don't know what he was running for.
* The ordnance failed to explode because it was old, crappy JNA stuff, I've put that in the article too in somewhat more appropriate terms.
Thanks for the feedback. Cool3 (talk) 17:20, 28 February 2009 (UTC)
Glad I could help; here's a few more:
* 'According to many US officials, O'Grady may have been deliberately targeted so that the Serbs could take an American hostage.[29]
After O'Grady was shot down, tensions increased greatly in the period of six days before his rescue by NATO forces. Many US officials called for immediate retaliatory air strikes; however, the Serbs still held the majority of the hostages seized after the bombing of Pale' - Repetition of 'Many US officials'
* 'After the horrifying events at Srebrenica, sixteen nations met at the London Conference, beginning on July 21 1995' - The last part seems a bit odd to me, gramatically - maybe 'which began' instead? But I'm not hugely sure on that.
* You mention the HARM missile several times, and wikilink to the missile, but you might need to lay out in brackets what HARM stands for.
* 'American aircraft also provided the majority of the airstrikes during the conflict. Of the 1,150 bombs dropped during the conflict, 88% came from American aircraft. [4]' - Stand-alone sentence. Can it be merged into the preceding paragraph?
And, that's all folks! Excellent article which will have my full support once the additional comments above. Skinny87 (talk) 17:29, 28 February 2009 (UTC)
* Thanks again, I've done my best on all of those. As for the HARM missile, I didn't lay out its full name in parentheses as that doesn't really tell you too much, but I have now called them AGM-88 HARM anti-radiation missiles, which gives you more information. Cool3 (talk) 18:29, 28 February 2009 (UTC)
* I've also rewritten and lengthened the lead, what do you think? Cool3 (talk) 18:46, 28 February 2009 (UTC) | WIKI |
File:Mom and dad engagement.jpg
Hetty Cassutto Haden 03:58, 12 May 2007 (UTC)== Summary == Ernest and Elisabeth Cassutto,archives of Hetty Cassutto Haden | WIKI |
Curcumin and Cancer
Tagged:
Cancer cells are everything we would like healthy cells to be. They quickly adapt to toxic environments, they readily alter themselves to assure their continued survival, and they are immortal. All of these factors make cancer an extremely difficult disease to treat.
Chemotherapy drugs have a high rate of failure. That's because these drugs usually kill only specific types of cancer cells within a tumor, or the cancer cells mutate and become resistant to the chemotherapy.
An example of how cancer cells mutate to ensure their survival can be seen in the recently approved "miracle" drug Gleevec (STI-571). This drug produced striking benefits in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia and was quickly approved by the FDA. In a recent clinical trial, however, many patients relapsed as their cancer cells grew resistant. Doctors found that a protein in the cellular DNA targeted by STI-571 altered its shape, thus rendering the drug useless in killing these mutant cancer cells. The company that makes STI-571 is already developing strategies to overcome this resistance, but this case of a new drug quickly losing its effectiveness is an illustration of how easily cancer cells will mutate to avoid total eradication.
Oncologists are increasingly using combination chemotherapy regimens that consist of several cytotoxic drugs that work by different mechanisms of action. The objective is to obliterate as many different types of cancer cells within the tumor, or interfere with as many cancer cell survival factors as possible. Despite the use of these potent multi-drug cocktails, 552,000 Americans died of cancer last year.
Curcumin's potential anti-cancer benefits
Curcumin may be effective in helping to suppress the escape mechanisms cancer cells use to avoid eradication by conventional therapies. Curcumin has been shown to inhibit cancer cell propagation via the following mechanisms:
Inhibiting the epidermal growth factor receptor site (EGFR), in a dose dependent response. Two thirds of all cancers over-express this receptor as a primary means for hyper-proliferation.
Inhibiting induction of the basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). This is responsible for angiogenesis of endothelial cells. Curcumin's effect here again was a dose dependent response.
Inhibiting expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), the enzyme involved in the production of PGE2, a tumor promoting prostaglandin.
Inhibiting a transcription factor in cancer cells known as nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-kB). Many cancers over-express NF-KB and use this as a growth vehicle to escape cell regulatory control.
Increasing expression of nuclear p53 protein in human basal cell carcinomas, human hepatomas and leukemia cell lines. This increases apoptosis (cell death)in these cancers.
Inhibiting induction of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Over-expression is involved in hepatcellular carcinoma.
Based on the multiple favorable mechanisms listed above, higher-dose curcumin would appear to be a useful supplement for cancer patients to take.
As far as curcumin being taken at the same time as chemotherapy drugs, there are contradictions in the scientific literature. Some studies indicate significant benefit, whereas other studies hint at reduced benefit or even potential toxicity.
Chemotherapy drugs are highly toxic in and of themselves. Whether high-dose curcumin is beneficial or detrimental depends on the type and dose of the chemotherapeutic drug used, the kind of cancer cell being attacked, and the dose of the curcumin. Until more definitive information is published, we prefer to err on the side of caution and recommend that chemotherapy patients wait four weeks after their last dose of chemo before taking high-doses of curcumin.
Life Extension believes the multiple mechanisms of curcumin's actions against cancer cells warrants aggressive further investigation. We will keep members fully informed of our findings, but at this time, we have to take a cautious stance and officially state that high-dose curcumin should not be taken with anti-cancer drugs.
Cancer patients are faced with many difficult treatment choices. With the exponential increase of new scientific information, conflicts will inevitably occur. Life Extension remains at the forefront in evaluating new scientific data to help members make informed choices.
Curcumin dosing
As far as prevention is concerned, the evidence is substantial that curcumin may be effective in protecting against cancer and a host of other diseases.
For disease prevention purposes, healthy people typically take 900 to 1800 mg of curcumin (with piperine added to enhance assimilation into the bloodstream) a day. Cancer patients often take two to three times this much curcumin-piperine for a six to twelve month period and then taper off the dose.
Arbiser JL, et al. Curcumin is an in vivo inhibitor of angiogenesis. Mol Med 1998 Jun;4(6):376-83.
Gorre, M.E. et al. Clinical resistance to STI-571 cancer therapy caused by BCR-ABL gene mutation or amplification. Science Jun 21, 2001.
Hanahan D, et al. Less is more, regularly: metronomic dosing of cytotoxic drugs can target tumor angiogenesis in mice. J Clin Invest 2000 Apr;105(8):1045-7.
Jee SH, et al. Curcumin induces a p53-dependent apoptosis in human basal cell carcinoma cells. J Invest Dermatol 1998 Oct;111(4):656-61.
Korutla L, et al. Inhibition of ligand-induced activation of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine phosphorylation by curcumin. Carcinogenesis 1995 Aug;16(8):1741-5.
Seol DW, et al. Transcritional activation of the hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c-met) gene by its ligand (hepatocyte growth factor) is mediated through AP-1. Oncogene 2000 Feb 24;19(9):1132-7.
Shoba G,,et al. Influence of piperine on the pharmacokinetics of cuccumin in animals and human volunteers. Planta Med 1998 May;64(4):353-6.
Zhang F, et al. Curcumin inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 transcription in bile acid phorbol ester-treated human gastrointestinal epithelial cells. Carcinogenesis 1999 Mar;20(3):445-51.
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[SOLVED] using a for loop to utilize spotifyr get_artist_audio_features function in R, skip errors in the loop
Issue
I downloaded my personal Spotify data from the Spotify website.
I converted these data from JSON to a regular R dataframe for further analysis. This personal dataframe has 4 columns:
Endtime artistName trackName Msplayed
However, Spotify has many variables coupled to songs from an artist, that you can only retrieve using the function get_artist_audio_features from the spotifyr package. I want to join these variables to my personal dataframe. The package allows data retrieval for only one artist at a time and it would be very time consuming to write a line of code for all 3000+ artists in my dataframe.
I used a for loop to try and collect the metadata for the artists:
empty_list <- vector(mode = "list")
for(i in df$artistName){
empty_list[[i]] <- get_artist_audio_features(i)
}
My dataframe also has podcasts, for which non of this meta-data is available. When i try using the function on a podcast i get the error message:
Error in get_artist_audio_features(i) :
No artist found with artist_id=''.
In addition: Warning messages:
1: Unknown or uninitialised column: `id`.
2: Unknown or uninitialised column: `name`.
When i use the for loop, it stops as soon as the first error (podcast) in the dataframe occurs. When i feed it a vector of only artists and no podcasts, it works perfectly.
I checked stack for possible answers (most notably: Skipping error in for-loop) but i cant get the loop to work.
My question: how can i use the function spotifyr::get_artist_audio_features in a for loop and skip the errors, storing the results in a list. Unfortunately, it is very difficult to post a reproducable example, since you need to active a developer account on spotify to use the spotifyr package.
Solution
It looks like your issue is in artist_id = '', so try the below code to see if it helps get you started (since I don’t have reproducible data, not sure if it will help). In this case it should just skip the podcasts, but I’m sure some more codesmithing will allow you to put relevant data in the given list position.
for(i in df$artistName){
if(artist_id = ''){
empty_list[[i]] <- NA
} else {
empty_list[[i]] <- get_artist_audio_features(i)
}
}
You could also use a while loop conditioning on an incremental i to restart the loop, but I can’t do that without the data.
Answered By – jpsmith
Answer Checked By – Marie Seifert (BugsFixing Admin)
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Babies have an innate desire to explore and move before they turn one year old. Usually, they move their arms and legs and, boy, do they move them! As your little one grows, you’ll be excited to finally see him walk, but before that he has to achieve other milestones to do so, like, crawling.
Typically, babies start crawling, then they stand up, and afterwards they learn how to walk. Even if your baby is still too young to crawl, he’ll reach other developmental milestones that will prepare him to crawl later on. Some of them are lifting the upper part of his body when lying down and using his legs to push himself, even if he can’t move forward yet.
But, what does your baby need to start crawling and explore the world? To master this skill, your little one first has to develop enough neck and head control. To help him, make sure that he spends enough time on his tummy. You can play with him on the floor while he is lying on his stomach. Try this in different places, times of day, and use objects to entertain him. You can also motivate him to move by placing his favorite toy in front of him so that he can reach it. Another way of helping your baby start crawling is putting him on all fours and pushing him from behind to propel him forward.
Remember that each baby develops at their own pace and that some never crawl in a traditional way. What’s important is that your son moves to explore and learn from his surroundings. So don’t worry if he is not crawling yet or if he never does. This won’t affect his development, as long as you give him an adequate environment and a lot of opportunities to keep learning new skills. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Page:Popular Science Monthly Volume 14.djvu/214
202 "crotchet." In certain states of the moral atmosphere crotchets spread just as do epidemics—which they closely resemble—in certain conditions of the physical atmosphere and other surroundings of man. Who would attempt to deal with the cholera or the small-pox by ridicule, how pungent and incisive soever?
We purpose, therefore, to examine this movement in the light of the principles of natural selection, of differentiation, and specialization, and to inquire whether the relations of the sexes in the human species and the distribution of their respective functions are or are not in general harmony with what is observed in that portion of the animal kingdom which lies nearest to man—to wit, in the Mammalia. With the origin and history of the agitation, with the hopes and motives of its supporters, and with the ethical, sentimental, economical, and political arguments used on either side we have no direct concern.
Even a very superficial and popular survey of the class Mammalia will satisfy us that the structural differences between the males and the females of each species are by no means confined to the reproductive organs. The male ruminant, whale, bat, elephant, rodent, carnivore, or ape, is on the average a larger and heavier animal than his mate. The tiger, for instance, exceeds the tigress in size by a proportion of from ten to twenty per cent. In few, if any, species is the superior stature of the male more striking than in the one which approaches man most nearly in its physical development—the gorilla.
But the mere difference in size is not all; the female is scarcely in any normal case a mere miniature copy of the male. Her proportions differ; the head and the thorax are relatively smaller, the pelvis broader, the bones slighter, and the muscles less powerful. The male in many cases possesses offensive weapons which in the female are wanting. In illustration we need only refer to the tusks of the elephant and the boar, and the horns of many species of deer. On the contrary, there is no instance of a female mammal possessing any weapon which is not also found, to at least an equal degree, in the male.
Further, the superior size of the head in the male is not merely due to the more massive osseous growth needful for the support of tusks, horns, etc., but to a proportionately larger development of brain. Thus, according to the recent investigations of M. le Bon, "taking the mean weight of seventeen brains of human males, of 154 to 164 centimetres in height, and comparing them with the brains of seventeen women of the same stature, we find between the two a difference of 172 grammes (nearly six ounces) in favor of the male."
Summing up these facts, commonplace but not the less important, we see that in the whole mammalian class, man included, the males are distinguished from the females, not merely by larger size, but by superior cerebral and thoracic development, and by the more general possession of offensive weapons. On the other hand, trite as the remark may | WIKI |
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OP78 A causal inference perspective on compositional data and collider ‘bias’
1. KF Arnold1,2,
2. L Berrie1,2,
3. PWG Tennant1,2,3,
4. MS Gilthorpe1,2,3
1. 1Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
2. 2School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
3. 3The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK
Abstract
Background Compositional data (CD) comprise the parts of some whole, for which all parts sum to that whole; the whole may vary across individual units of analysis or remain fixed. Such data are common in many contexts, where interest often lies in understanding the effect of a particular part in relation to a subsequent outcome. Many of the inherent challenges associated with analysing CD have been discussed previously, though not within a formal causal framework by utilising directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). We use DAGs to consider the specific issue of collider bias as it pertains to CD.
Methods We demonstrate how to depict CD using DAGs, and identify two distinct effect estimands in the generic case: (1) the ‘unbiased’ (total) effect, and (2) the ‘collider biased’ effect. We consider each effect in the context of three specific example scenarios involving CD with variable or fixed totals: (1) the relationship between the economically active population and area-level gross domestic product (GDP) (variable total); (2) the relationship between fat consumption and body weight (variable total); and (3) the relationship between time spent sedentary and body weight (fixed total). For each scenario, we consider the distinct interpretation of each effect, and the resulting implications for related analyses.
Results In scenario (1), the ‘unbiased’ effect represents the average change in GDP that results from adding economically active individuals to the area whilst doing nothing to the population of economically inactive individuals, whereas the ‘collider biased’ effect represents the average change that results from swapping economically inactive individuals for economically active ones. In scenario (2), the ‘unbiased’ effect represents the average change in weight that results from adding fat to an individual’s diet irrespective of other macronutrient consumption, whilst the ‘collider biased’ effect represents the average change that results in swapping ‘other’ macronutrient consumption for fat consumption. In scenario (3), only the ‘collider biased’ effect is estimable and causally meaningful; it represents the average change in weight that results from swapping time spent physically active for time spent sedentary.
Conclusion For CD with variable totals, both effects may be estimable and causally meaningful, depending upon the specific question of interest. Researchers should be clear about which effect is being sought and estimated, since they may be radically different quantities. For CD with fixed totals, only the ‘collider biased’ effect has any meaning. Careful attention must be paid to sensibly interpreting the relative effects that characterise this type of data.
• causal inference
• compositional data
• methodology
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Beowulf is a character that possesses all the qualities of an Anglo-Saxon hero. He is strong, fearless, brave, courageous, and arrogant. But are these qualities enough to consider him a hero by the standards of today? A hero not only needs to be physically outstanding, but he also needs to have integrity, moral values and needs to act without thinking in his own benefit. Beowulf has many characteristics of a hero but he also has some defects that make me think that he wouldn’t be considered a hero in today´s world.
Beowulf had a direct spiritual connection while Gilgamesh questions the actions and even opposes one of them (Ishtar). Beowulf and Gilgamesh are both deemed heroes. According to heroic ethos, Beowulf proves to be the more valiant, law abiding one. He embodies the necessary characteristics of the Anglo – Saxon/Germanic hero (courage, loyalty, and greatness in warfare/battle). However, it can also be argued that Gilgamesh is a great hero because of his divergence from the classical heroic model.
In Beowulf the poem, Beowulf is considered to be an epic hero, he is different than just a regular hero. At the time, except for the King, warriors were the most honored and respected. Throughout this poem the author expresses that Beowulf is a true epic hero. What makes an epic hero? An epic hero must undertake a quest to achieve something tremendous value to his nation, must be super-human, and protects his people and their ideals.
During his journey he proves his self-confidence before the encounter with Skylla Mountain. Even though... ... middle of paper ... ...-evaluation and corrected himself by turning his life around so that he could be fully aware of what it means to be a hero. Even though he has different traits from different heroic people he still succeeded in proving himself, like all heroes do. Now he truly understands his place in the world, his purpose, and what he must do in the future as the main hero of his household. Journeys like Odysseus’s would influence people to think about a hero in a complete opposite way than stories about pure-hearted knights in shining armor because it shows a person’s mistakes and how he handles or copes with them while maturing overtime.
The hero participates in a cyclical journey or quest, faces adversaries that try to defeat him, gathers allies, and returns home significantly transformed by his journey. The epic hero illustrates traits, performs deeds, and exemplifies certain morals that are valued by the society from which the epic originates. They usually embody cultural and religious beliefs of the people. Many epic heroes are recurring characters in the legends of their native culture. Epic heroes are superhuman in that they are smarter, stronger, and braver than average humans.” By definition, there are certain traits a character must fit to be considered an epic hero.
Odysseus was no ordinary man he was a hero. To say Odysseus had courage means that he (according to the dictionary) used mental or moral strength to venture, persevere, and withstand danger, fear, or difficulty. Using that definition Odysseus displayed courage in each and every battle he fights on his journey. An action that would have made Odysseus heroic i... ... middle of paper ... ...sposing of all the mockery and shame inflicted without having to kill so many people is heroic in my eyes. Odysseus may have had the help of Gods to win this battle but even without their assistance he would have been a hero in his own right.
Heroes in epics typically exemplify the values of a particular culture, and the eponymous protagonist of Beowulf is no different. Because Beowulf represents the ideal Anglo-Saxon warrior and king, readers can infer that his personality traits are those that were held in high esteem by members of Anglo-Saxon society. As depicted in Seamus Haney’s translation of Beowulf, Beowulf’s strength, loyalty, and acceptance of fate are traits that were admired by his society. The time of the Anglo-Saxons was rife with tribal warfare. This meant that men were expected to be strong fighters capable of protecting and avenging their people.
Sir Gawain also participates in challenges that define his character. Sir Gawain was indeed a hero, but he was mostly concerned with maintaining his reputation, which sets him and Beowulf apart when it comes to being the most ideal hero. Beowulf and Sir Gawain are both models of strength and bravery as they achieve deeds in order to bring glory to their king. As both men try to establish a heroic title, Beowulf gained better recognition because he was a hero to his not only his king, but to his entire society.
Though all men to a certain extent share the same qualities, some are more pronounced than in the others. It is important to see how these qualities are central to their respective stories and how it helps (or hinders) them in their journeys. The greatest value of Beowulf is his bravery, some may say bravado. There is no doubt that he is a great warrior. Beowulf's heroism belongs to a different time than that of King Arthur or Sir Gawain.
These stories both have a main character that possesses heroic qualities, many of which are very similar. Gawain’s identity as a hero is not clearly demonstrated, but when compared with Beowulf, who is demonstrated to be a hero, hiss merits earn him that title as well. Exactly what defines a heroic act, or a hero for that matter? Often times we dismiss the question due to its complex nature. But when confronted with an individual with heroic qualities we readily identify them as a hero. | FINEWEB-EDU |
-- Equity Bank Rises 9th Day Ahead of Earnings: Nairobi Mover
Feb. 16 (Bloomberg) -- Equity Bank Ltd., Kenya ’s biggest
lender by market value, gained for a ninth day, its longest
winning streak in almost three years, on speculation full-year
earnings will grow. The stock advanced as much as 3.2 percent before paring its
rise to 0.5 percent at 19 shillings, the longest stretch of
gains since March 18, 2009, at the close of trading in Nairobi. “It is in anticipation of the release of the full year
results; guys are expecting very good results,” Caleb Mutai, an
analyst at Nairobi-based Tsavo Securities Ltd., said in a phone
interview today. Profit before taxes could rise to as much as 12 billion
shillings ($144.4 million), Mutai said. For the year ending Dec.
31, 2010, the lender announced a pretax profit of 8.95 billion
shillings. Five analysts forecast profit before taxes will grow,
ranging from 9.38 billion shillings by Exotix Ltd. to 13.6
billion shillings by African Alliance Kenya Securities Ltd. To contact the reporter on this story:
Eric Ombok in Nairobi at
eombok@bloomberg.net . To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Shaji Mathew at
shajimathew@bloomberg.net . | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
A hog plum is both a genus of tree and a name used to describe the fruit that some of the trees bear. The trees are all part of the genus Spondias and are related to the family Anacardiaceae, also known as cashews. They bear a fruit that looks like a pear but is actually a relative of the mango. The hog plum fruit is harvested and eaten, providing a nutritional snack. There are numerous culinary uses for a hog plum, including as a sweet juice.
The genus Spondias has 17 species, although only 10 of these produce the fruits known as hog plums. The trees themselves can grow to more than 75 feet tall (about 25 meters) and are indigenous to the tropical areas of the world, particularly Asia. Some of the trees have been domesticated in certain areas for their fruit, although this practice is not widespread.
The term hog plum is used to describe many of the fruits from the Spondias trees. Some of the fruits also have other names, such as Spanish plums or Java plums, and can be collectively called mombins. The color of the skin can range from red to orange to green, although many of the fruits have a skin color that looks like a mango. The plums with yellow skins are most often used in cooking. The pit inside the fruit is very large and has long spikes on the surface, making it difficult to eat or prepare for cooking.
Hog plums have several beneficial properties. They are very high in fiber and have very few calories. The fruit also is an excellent source of vitamin C and iron, and it can provide some calcium. For these reasons, some people seek out the plums for their nutritional value, squeezing them into a citrus juice.
All throughout the tropics, the hog plum is used in different types of meals. It is most frequently squeezed and turned into a juice that is mixed with sugar. It can be made into chutney or jelly. Pickling the fruit in vinegar provides a plum that is traditionally eaten with salt.
There are some who believe that both the hog plum fruit and the tree have medicinal properties. The leaves can be turned into a tea that causes drowsiness. They also have been studied because they might have the ability to lighten the color of the skin. The roots are said to reduce fever, and the fruit is purported to lower blood sugar. Pregnant women, however, are not advised to eat hog plums, which can cause complications with a pregnancy. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Urvara (crater)
Urvara (উর্বর) is the third-largest confirmed crater on Ceres after Kerwan and neighboring Yalode. Urvara means fertile. It is named after the ancient Indo-Iranian personification of fertility (plants in the Avesta, fertile fields in the Rig Veda). It has a central peak, and a number of unexplained ridges intersect it. | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/US transition to electric cars
The result was delete. -- RoySmith (talk) 01:14, 15 December 2015 (UTC)
US transition to electric cars
* – ( View AfD View log Stats )
Seems to be an essay rather than an encyclopedic article. I would recommend merging anything useful to electric car but I imagine most of it's already in there. — foxj 02:19, 7 December 2015 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Transportation-related deletion discussions. North America1000 10:14, 7 December 2015 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of United States of America-related deletion discussions. North America1000 10:14, 7 December 2015 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Technology-related deletion discussions. North America1000 10:15, 7 December 2015 (UTC)
* Delete There's no need to be U.S.-centric and this is a sort of artificial topic which doesn't need its own page. Electric car covers it all fine. Rcsprinter123 (notify) 10:32, 7 December 2015 (UTC)
* Delete Although the information is important the form of the article is not suitable for an encyclopedia. It starts out: "This page explores the consequences..." Encyclopedias are for facts, other media are for exploring alternatives. A published article (or even better more than one) making this kind of speculation should be linked to electric car and the conclusions given in a short section there.Borock (talk) 18:08, 7 December 2015 (UTC)
| WIKI |
Northern Sierra Madre forest monitor
The Northern Sierra Madre forest monitor (Varanus bitatawa), also known by the local names bitatawa, baritatawa, and butikaw, is a large, arboreal, frugivorous lizard of the genus Varanus.
Description
The forest monitor lizard can grow to more than 2 m in length, and weigh up to 15 kg, or possibly more. Its scaly body and legs are a blue-black mottled with pale yellow-green dots, while its tail is marked in alternating segments of black and green. Dorsal ground coloration is black, accentuated with bright golden yellow in life, while the dorsum is golden yellow spots and flecks.
News reports emphasized that males have hemipenes, paired penis-like organs. However, all male lizards and snakes have hemipenes.
Behavior
Varanus bitatawa is one of only three species of frugivorous monitor lizards, along with V. olivaceus and ''V. mabitang.
The diet of the Northern Sierra Madre forest monitor is reliant on the fruit of Pandan palm trees and Canarium. As a result it is likely an important seed disperser of these plants, but particularly of Canarium, because the consumption of its fruit by monitors of the subgenus Philippinosaurus is an unusual adaptation amongst vertebrates, being able to detoxify the high levels of secondary compounds such as calcium oxalate which otherwise makes digestion difficult.
During June and July, the short fruiting season of Microcos stylocarpa occurs, and their diet then switches to mostly consisting of its sugary berries as opposed to the oilier fruits of Pandan palms and Canarium.
Like V. olivaceus, and unlike V. mabitang, it is not a strict herbivore, supplementing its frugivorous diet with insects and snails.
They spend most of their time in trees, more than 20 meters above the ground; similar species spend less than 20 minutes on the ground per week.
Taxonomy and distribution
Varanus bitatawa was described as a new species in April 2010 by biologists from the University of Kansas. The holotype specimen was salvaged from a hunter. The specific epithet comes from 'bitatawa', the Aeta name for the species. DNA analysis has revealed genetic divergence between this species and its closest relative, Gray's Monitor (Varanus olivaceus), which is also a fruit-eater, but lives on the southern end of Luzon, rather than the northern end where the forest monitor lizard lives.
The known range of Varanus bitatawa is currently limited to the Sierra Madre Forest on the northeastern coast of the island of Luzon, Philippines.
Varanus bitatawa is most closely related to another species of fruit-eating monitor from the Philippines, V. olivaceus. The relationship of these two species to the third known species of fruit-eating monitor, V. mabitang, is unknown due to a lack of genetic data on V. mabitang, but similar genital morphology suggests that these three species are each others' closest relatives (sometimes referred to as subgenus Philippinosaurus ).
Fruit-eating monitor lizards are most closely related to a larger Indo-Asian clade of small monitor lizards that includes the arboreal V. prasinus complex and the mangrove monitors (V. indicus complex). They are more distantly related to other Indo-Asian monitor lizards, such as V. salvator, and still more distantly related to Indo-Australian monitors, including the well-known Komodo dragon of Indonesia.
Conservation
Despite being a shy and reclusive species that escaped the notice of biologists until very recently, the species is well known to the indigenous Aeta and Ilongot people who hunt it for food. Both indigenous tribes and the bushmeat market view it as a prized target, making it a heavily hunted species. The Aeta hunt it particularly heavily, preferring it over the marbled water monitor (which is also frequently targeted by the bushmeat market). Although the hunting of wildlife is illegal without a permit in the Philippines under Republic Act No. 9147 9 (with indigenous peoples being exceptions to this rule), the hunting of monitor lizards for personal consumption, the bushmeat market, and the pet trade is widespread and largely uncontrolled. As it is arboreal and heavily relies on the largest trees in its habitat, it is highly vulnerable to the illegal selective logging that occurs on the already heavily deforested island of Luzon. Selective logging of the dipterocarp forests in which it lives forces it to shelter in smaller trees instead, rending them more visible and more vulnerable to hunting. Furthermore the species cannot be found in areas with regular human activity, such as the proximity of human settlements, making it vulnerable to human encroachment.
An additional problem is the road construction in Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park fragmenting its habitat, and has made this habitat more accessible to loggers, farmers, and hunters.
The first record of this species being illegally captured for sale in the pet trade occurred in 2012, when an 1.7 metre long adult was listed on social media at an asking price of ₱ 100,000 PHP ($2,380 USD). | WIKI |
George Harding
George Harding may refer to:
* George Harding (British Army officer) (1788–1860), British general
* George Harding (cricketer) (born 1996), English cricketer
* George C. Harding, American architect of Pittsfield, Massachusetts
* George Edward Harding (1843–1907), American architect in New York City
* George Frederick Harding (1858–1927), British rugby player
* George M. Harding (1827–1910), American architect of Portland, Maine
* George Matthews Harding (1882–1959), war artist, trained as an architect
* George Perfect Harding (died 1853), English portrait-painter and copyist
* George Rogers Harding (1838–1895), Queensland judge and the founder of St John's Wood, Brisbane
* George Tryon Harding (1843–1928), American physician, father of Warren G. Harding | WIKI |
Happydevdays Happydevdays - 1 month ago 7x
reST (reStructuredText) Question
redis database design - determining the proper data type and creating secondary indexes
i have the following data that looks like this:
{
location: 'zimbabwe',
phone_num: 123-123-1234,
ext: 2222
}
or
{
location: 'puerto rico',
phone_num: 222-222-2222,
ext: 8888
}
My end users need to be able to query a REST API and send something like this:
http://myapp/internalext/123-123-1234
that should return an internal extension value of 2222.
But I also need to be able to support a query like this:
http://myapp/phonenumber/2222@abc.com
That should return to me a value of 123-123-1234
In order to be able to support queries like this, I'd like to know what the best way is for creating my data in redis. I have to create a node-redis web api.
So far, I've tried creating data like this:
127.0.0.1:6379> set phone:1
"{\"id\":1, \"locid\":1, \"loc_name\":\"zimbabwe\", \"extension\":\"2222\", \"e164\":\"1231231234\"}"
And then I created a secondary index referencing the same phone object:
127.0.0.1:6379> hset phone:lookup:e164 1231231234 1
Now, when I query, I have to do two lookups to find the ifnormation I want. So if the user passes me the full phone number, I have to do the following queries:
1. First lookup using the e164 as key:
127.0.0.1:6379> hget phone:lookup:e164 1231231234
"1"
2. now you know that it's the first key in the "phone" set(?? i dunno if this is the terminology)
127.0.0.1:6379> get phone:1
"{\"id\":1, \"locid\":1, \"loc_name\":\"zimbabwe\", \"extension\":\"2222\", \"e164\":\"1231231234\"}"
127.0.0.1:6379>
QUESTIONS
Is this the best way to organize / create my redis data for these types of GET requests?
I'm just reading about hashes. But I'm not familiar enough to know which way to proceed.
Also, given the above data, how would i request to see all phone numbers and their data?
Answer
I would use a HMSET to store the entire record, then simple key/value to query the data. For example:
HMSET 123-123-1234 location "zimbabwe" phone_num "123-123-1234" ext "2222"
HMSET 222-222-2222 location "puerto rico" phone_num "222-222-2222" ext "8888"
SET ext:2222 123-123-1234
SET ext:8888 222-222-2222
To get 123-123-1234 you use:
GET ext:2222
Given the number to get ext or location:
HMGET 123-123-1234 ext
HMGET 123-123-1234 location
Comments | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
DeprecatedInstanceVariableProxy transforms an instance variable into a deprecated one. It takes an instance of a class, a method on that class and an instance variable. It optionally takes a deprecator as the last argument. The deprecator defaults to ActiveSupport::Deprecator if none is specified.
class Example
def initialize
@request = ActiveSupport::Deprecation::DeprecatedInstanceVariableProxy.new(self, :request, :@request)
@_request = :special_request
end
def request
@_request
end
def old_request
@request
end
end
example = Example.new
# => #<Example:0x007fb9b31090b8 @_request=:special_request, @request=:special_request>
example.old_request.to_s
# => DEPRECATION WARNING: @request is deprecated! Call request.to_s instead of
@request.to_s
(Backtrace information…)
"special_request"
example.request.to_s
# => "special_request"
Methods
N
Class Public methods
new(instance, method, var = "@#{method}", deprecator = ActiveSupport::Deprecation.instance)
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/deprecation/proxy_wrappers.rb, line 91
def initialize(instance, method, var = "@#{method}", deprecator = ActiveSupport::Deprecation.instance)
@instance = instance
@method = method
@var = var
@deprecator = deprecator
end | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Chuck Todd to Megyn Kelly: Trump 'seems to get more enraged' by female criticism | TheHill
NBC's "Meet the Press" host Chuck Todd said Wednesday that President TrumpDonald John TrumpTrump pushes back on recent polling data, says internal numbers are 'strongest we've had so far' Illinois state lawmaker apologizes for photos depicting mock assassination of Trump Scaramucci assembling team of former Cabinet members to speak out against Trump MORE "seems to get more enraged when a woman criticizes him than when a man" does in an interview with Megyn Kelly on her NBC morning program. The commentary comes after Sen. Kirsten GillibrandKirsten Elizabeth GillibrandThe Hill's Morning Report - Trump on defense over economic jitters F-bombs away: Why lawmakers are cursing now more than ever White House offers reassurances amid recession fears as 2020 candidates sound alarm MORE (D-N.Y.) called on the president to resign after being accused by several women of sexual misconduct in the past. Trump responded by tweeting that Gillibrand used to come to his office "begging" for donations and was a person who "would do anything for them." Kelly, who after a dismal start with “Megan Kelly Today” has enjoyed a ratings bump while making sexual harassment a prominent theme, tacked the issue on Wednesday by quoting a fiery USA Today editorial that included the opinion that the president "pours the gasoline of sexist language and lights the match, gleefully knowing how it will burst." "So USA Today is out today with an editorial," Kelly remarked to Todd. "There is a quote from it, 'A president who'd all but call a senator a whore is unfit to clean toilets in Obama's presidential library or to shine George W. Bush's shoes.’ ” Todd responded that while three Democratic men in the Senate called for Trump's resignation, he only responded to Gillibrand. "You know, what’s interesting is about how he reacted to her. So she’s actually the fourth Democratic senator, I believe, to call for his resignation over — over the accusations of sexual harassment. The first three were men: Bernie SandersBernie SandersTop Sanders adviser: Warren isn't competing for 'same pool of voters' Eight Democratic presidential hopefuls to appear in CNN climate town hall Top aide Jeff Weaver lays out Sanders's path to victory MORE [I-Vt.], Jeff MerkleyJeffrey (Jeff) Alan MerkleySenate Democrats push Trump to permanently shutter migrant detention facility Senate Dem seeks answers from DHS on reports of pregnant asylum seekers sent back to Mexico Schumer backs Pelosi as impeachment roils caucus MORE [D-Ore.] and I think Cory BookerCory Anthony BookerEight Democratic presidential hopefuls to appear in CNN climate town hall Biden, Buttigieg bypassing Democratic delegate meeting: report F-bombs away: Why lawmakers are cursing now more than ever MORE [D-N.J.],” Todd noted. "[But] the first time he seems to notice this is when Kirsten Gillibrand does it. Coincidence? I’m not sure," he continued. "But that is something that only adds fuel to this rage that’s building among many women who look at this and think, he seems to be tougher on women, he seems to get more enraged when a woman criticizes him than when a man criticizes him." Kelly became a magnet for controversy in the 2016 presidential campaign after she had a confrontation with then-candidate Trump during the first GOP primary debate in August 2015. Kelly asked Trump about his past comments on women, quoting him as calling some "fat pigs, dogs, slobs and disgusting animals." Trump responded by criticizing her on stage and later saying in an interview on CNN that Kelly had “blood coming out of her eyes, blood coming out of her wherever” during the debate. Trump, in January, skipped a Fox News debate amid his continued feud with the network and Kelly. But he sat down later in the campaign with Kelly for a one-on-one interview. In July, Kelly took part in an internal investigation into claims of sexual harassment by former Fox News host Gretchen Carlson against former Chairman and CEO Roger Ailes. Kelly would later reveal in her memoir, "Settle for More," that Ailes had made unwanted advances against her on several occasions. She has featured several women who have accused Trump of sexual misconduct that allegedly occurred years ago. The president denies all the accusations. View the discussion thread. The Hill 1625 K Street, NW Suite 900 Washington DC 20006 | 202-628-8500 tel | 202-628-8503 fax The contents of this site are ©2019 Capitol Hill Publishing Corp., a subsidiary of News Communications, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Acquackanonk Township, New Jersey
Acquackanonk Township was a township that existed in New Jersey, United States, from 1693 until 1917, first in Essex County and then in Passaic County.
Patent
The land on which the town was situated was at one time owned by the Surveyor General of New Netherland Jacques Cortelyou, some "12,000 morgens at Aquackanonk on the Passaic, purchased by himself and associates of the Indians." and known as the Acquackanonk Patent. It was first settled in 1678 by Dutch traders, who in 1693 formed the Acquackanonk congregation of the Dutch Reformed Church, variantly named as late as 1697 as the Achquegnonck congregation.
The township was first formed on October 31, 1693, by the proprietors of the Province of East Jersey together with New Barbadoes Township, and was located in what was then the northern part of Essex County on the Passaic River. The English formed the Province of New Jersey and appointed a royal governor in 1702. New Barbadoes Township became part of Bergen County in 1710, with Acquackanonk still part of Essex County.
On February 21, 1798, Acquackanonk was incorporated as one of the initial group of 104 townships in the State of New Jersey. On February 7, 1837, Passaic County was created, incorporating the township and other portions of both Bergen County and Essex County. Over the years portions of the township were taken to create (or add to the territory of) Caldwell Township (February 16, 1798; now Fairfield Township), Paterson Township (April 11, 1831), Little Falls (April 2, 1868), Passaic village (created within the township on March 10, 1869, and independent from the township as of March 21, 1871), Paterson (1869) and Montclair (1907). The township became defunct on April 26, 1917, with the creation of Clifton.
Acquackanonk tribe
The Acquackanonk were a Lenape group who spoke the same Algonquian language dialect and shared the same totem (turtle) as the neighboring Hackensack and Tappan. They were so called by the exonym by the New Netherlanders, who commonly referred to the people by the indigenous word for their territory. The name may mean a place in a rapid stream where fishing is done with a net. Alternatively, at the lamprey stream from contemporary axkwaakahnung (spellings include Achquakanonk, Acquackanonk) Lastly it may mean where gum blocks were made for pounding corn. Ackquekenon was the spelling used by European explorer Jasper Danckaerts in 1679 describe his visit there.
Passaic River crossing
A bridge crossing of the Passaic River at Acquackanonk was first created in the colonial era, and was burned during Washington's 1776 great retreat from Fort Lee. Today's Gregory Avenue Bridge was built on a slightly different alignment. | WIKI |
Kybernetika 46 no. 2, 226-259, 2010
4D Embryogenesis image analysis using PDE methods of image processing
Paul Bourgine, Róbert Čunderlík, Olga Drblíková-Stašová, Karol Mikula, Mariana Remešíková, Nadine Peyriéras, Barbara Rizzi and Alessandro Sarti
Abstract:
In this paper, we introduce a set of methods for processing and analyzing long time series of 3D images representing embryo evolution. The images are obtained by in vivo scanning using a confocal microscope where one of the channels represents the cell nuclei and the other one the cell membranes. Our image processing chain consists of three steps: image filtering, object counting (center detection) and segmentation. The corresponding methods are based on numerical solution of nonlinear PDEs, namely the geodesic mean curvature flow model, flux-based level set center detection and generalized subjective surface equation. All three models have a similar character and therefore can be solved using a common approach. We explain in details our semi-implicit time discretization and finite volume space discretization. This part is concluded by a short description of parallelization of the algorithms. In the part devoted to experiments, we provide the experimental order of convergence of the numerical scheme, the validation of the methods and numerous experiments with the data representing an early developmental stage of a zebrafish embryo.
Keywords:
finite volume method, image processing, embryogenesis, image analysis, image filtering, object counting, segmentation, partial differential equation
Classification:
35A99, 74S10, 68U10 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
There’s Never Been A More Important Winter to Make Sure You’re Getting Enough Vitamin D
Did you know that Vitamin D is not technically a vitamin? It is actually a prohormone. Prohormones are substances the body converts to a hormone. In this case we only take in via food approximately 10% of our vitamin D needs. The body also makes vitamin D in a chemical reaction that occurs when sunlight hits the skin. This reaction produces cholecalciferol, and the liver converts it to calcidiol. The kidneys then convert the substance to calcitriol, which is the active form of the hormone in the body.
Vitamin D has its effects by binding to a protein (called the vitamin D receptor). This receptor is present in nearly every cell and affects many different body processes. Vitamin D is one of the only vitamins our bodies can make on their own. It still requires the processing by the liver and kidneys before it can be utilized.
What is vitamin D?
Vitamin is not one compound, it made up of several different compounds that are related. Your skin produces a compound that is turned to Vitamin Dᴈ when skin is exposed to sunshine. There is another form found in dietary supplements which is almost identical to Vitamin Dᴈ. This is called Vitamin D2. These two have almost identical function in the body. Very few foods are rich in Vitamin D. As we talked about above it can be found in oily fish and shellfish. Egg yolks also contain some but in all these food sources, there’s not enough Vitamin D to meet the body’s requirements in normal portions.
How does Vitamin D work?
Vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium so that blood calcium levels are at the ideal point. This helps enable the mineralization of bone that is required for strong, healthy bones. That’s why many times Vitamin D will be included as part of the recommendation when taking calcium or magnesium for bone health, especially in people who are more at risk of Vitamin D shortages.
Secondly, Vitamin D boosts immune function and can be protective against the common winter flu and other respiratory illnesses. It is both anti-inflammatory and immune regulating and is crucial for the activation of the immune system when faced with pathogens. Serum levels were found to be lowest during the winter months and supplementation reduced the incidence of the winter flu.
A lack of vitamin D has been linked to mood disorders such as depression. Studies have also shown that people with low vitamin D levels are more likely to be obese. There are many factors to obesity so taking Vitamin D alone is not a cure all but sometimes when you don’t know what to do taking the next right step or one step at a time can be helpful.
As we talked about above Vitamin D does a multitude of good in the body. It prevents bone fractures by helping the body to absorb and retain calcium and phosphorous. Vitamin D may also help increase muscle strength. Some studies have shown that Vitamin D may inhibit the development of tumors and malignancies in the brain, colon, breast, and pancreas. The heart is specialized muscle that has receptors for Vitamin D. A study showed that people with a higher serum Vitamin D were less likely to have heart attacks compared with those that had low serum Vitamin D. Some studies found that Vitamin D may negatively affect the pathways that lead to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
So what can you do to ensure that you and your family have enough Vitamin D?
An increased focus on protecting the skin from sun damage and a change from an outdoor lifestyle to an indoor lifestyle in recent generations has led to a serious problem with vitamin D deficiency in many developed parts of the world. Too little vitamin D means the bones will not be able to grow strong, leading to problems like rickets for children or osteoporosis for adults. Due to the weakening of bones, individuals with low vitamin D levels are more prone to falling. Low vitamin D levels can also cause a poorly functioning immune system, cardiovascular disease, depression, development of diabetes, and multiple sclerosis. It has also been linked to certain types of cancer.
As we spoke of before, not many foods have Vitamin D so you need to have another way to ensure that you are getting enough Vitamin D. But just how much vitamin D do you need and are you getting enough today? I had this same question for myself recently so I popped on over to Everlywell, found a coupon code online and had them send me a vitamin D test kit in the mail.
It was very simple to do as they sent me everything I need as well as detailed instructions. With the enclosed lancet I pricked my finger and put a few drops of blood on an absorbent card that I let dry. I then I sent it in via their mailing kit. Within a week I had my results. As you can see from the below I’m just in the adequate range. Now for me I was supplementing with 2,000 IU of vitamin D and I stopped for about a week prior to this test so I may have still had elevated levels from my supplementation. Since I was on the low end of the range, 2,000 IU of vitamin D daily in the winter when I’m not getting lots of sun should be sufficient but I may need more potentially up to 5,000 IU. I highly recommend testing before and after to confirm you’re getting enough vitamin D. Too much is not a good thing either and can be toxic and this is a good time to say that you should consult your doctor or nutritionist to make sure you’re doing the right amount of supplementation.
Even though people rarely struggle with dangerously high levels of vitamin D. If your body has too much of the vitamin it can also cause calcium levels in the blood to increase, causing hypercalcaemia. This condition can trigger confusion, depression, headaches, constipation, nausea, and feelings of thirst.
Vitamin D supplements for the whole family.
There are many Vitamin D formulations to choose from and some are more geared towards infants and toddlers while others are more suited for older people. We have a wide variety of Vitamin D supplements for you to choose from and we have the top supplements that our patients choose down below. We’ll start with babies, work our way to kids and then adults
Getting your Vitamin D and your fish oil at the same time can be a great option. Here are a few products that can help with that:
References
1. Vitamin D prohormone in the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with chronic kidney disease https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5436758/
2. Vitamin D: A Hormone for All Seasons – How much is enough? Understanding the New Pressures https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240026/
3. Boonen S, Lips P, Bouillon R, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Vanderschueren D, Haentjens P. Need for additional calcium to reduce the risk of hip fracture with vitamin D supplementation: evidence from a comparative metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2007 Apr 1;92(4):1415-23
4. Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Dawson-Hughes B, Staehelin HB, Orav JE, Stuck AE, Theiler R, Wong JB, Egli A, Kiel DP, Henschkowski J. Fall prevention with supplemental and active forms of vitamin D: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ. 2009 Oct 1;339:b3692
5. Giovannucci E, Liu Y, Hollis BW, Rimm EB. 25-hydroxyvitamin D and risk of myocardial infarction in men: a prospective study. Archives of internal medicine. 2008 Jun 9;168(11):1174-80.
6. Pittas AG, Dawson-Hughes B, Li T, Van Dam RM, Willett WC, Manson JE, Hu FB. Vitamin D and calcium intake in relation to type 2 diabetes in women. Diabetes care. 2006 Mar 1;29(3):650-6
NOTHING IN THIS WEBSITE IS INTENDED AS, OR SHOULD BE CONSTRUED AS, MEDICAL ADVICE. ANY HEALTHCARE AND/OR NUTRITIONAL MATERIAL CONTAINED IN THIS WEBSITE IS FOR CONSUMER INFORMATIONAL AND EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY. SUCH MATERIAL IS NOT INTENDED AS MEDICAL ADVICE FOR CONDITIONS OR TREATMENT, NOR IS IT INTENDED AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR A MEDICAL EXAMINATION BY A HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONAL. CONSUMERS SHOULD CONSULT THEIR OWN HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS FOR INDIVIDUAL MEDICAL RECOMMENDATIONS.
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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Maritime science fiction
The result was delete. Sandstein 07:33, 9 August 2016 (UTC)
Maritime science fiction
* – ( View AfD View log Stats )
As per Articles for deletion/List of maritime science fiction media, this genre does not appear to have attracted any academic or critical attention. There are no hits on Google Scholar and no relevant hits on Google Books; all of the hits on Google News are by Andrew David Thaler, a scientist and author who appears to have invented the term. This is perhaps an example of an article created too soon. Josh Milburn (talk) 15:17, 1 August 2016 (UTC)
* Delete- a badly sourced article about a premature neologism. Wikipedia is not for things you just madeup one day. Reyk YO! 15:26, 1 August 2016 (UTC)
* Comment: See also Categories for discussion/Log/2016 August 1. Josh Milburn (talk) 15:51, 1 August 2016 (UTC)
* Ah, fine. I was going to wait for the Afds to conclude, but they should be considered together. Shawn in Montreal (talk) 15:53, 1 August 2016 (UTC)
* Delete - nobody disputes that science-fiction films can be set at sea, but there is no evidence that such a sub-genre has been identified and analyzed in a scholarly context, unlike space opera or steampunk for example. I don't see an avenue for the development of the article. Betty Logan (talk) 21:53, 1 August 2016 (UTC)
* Rename to Underwater science fiction or Undersea science fiction. Gscholar shows 0 hits for "maritime science fiction" but 13 hits for "Underwater science fiction" and 2 hits for "undersea science fiction". GBooks shows 588 hits for "undersea science fiction" and 230 hits for "underwater science fiction". It seems a genre more likely called underwater or undersea sci fi. Under these alternative names there seem sufficient reliable sources to discuss this genre. --Mark viking (talk) 22:06, 1 August 2016 (UTC)
* Comment You seem to have identified that there are places on the 'net that use the phrase "underwater science fiction" and that is a good start, but it does not show that there are reliable sources about a genre of fiction by that name. I'm seeing a good number of lists on IMDb, Goodreads and such, a few blogs and a number of pages that are completely off-topic. I'm not really finding reliable sources for meaningful content about a genre by any of these names. - Sum mer PhD v2.0 22:25, 1 August 2016 (UTC)
* Keep but rename to Underwater science fiction or Undersea science fiction per . If good-faithed, failed to see Mark is referring to Google Scholar and Google Books hits, not crap "placed on the net." --PanchoS (talk) 23:02, 1 August 2016 (UTC)
* Comment - I've found a few mentions of one or the other variants, but no meaningful content. Perhaps you can shed a bit of light on what you found. - Sum mer PhD v2.0 01:45, 2 August 2016 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Science fiction-related deletion discussions. North America1000 23:10, 1 August 2016 (UTC)
* Delete per nominator J Milburn, Reyk and Betty Logan. This is not an academically recognized genre. Also note that the related category was used to justify repeated edit warring in the lead of several articles. - Gothicfilm (talk) 04:17, 2 August 2016 (UTC)
* Strong keep This has enough citations as a stub and needs additional citations for expansion. A scientist who is cited is clearly an academic source. This is amongst the earliest kinds of science fiction going to 1800s. --Taeyebar 04:31, 2 August 2016 (UTC)
* I think you have misunderstood the nature of the citations. They are not to academic work on science fiction (peer reviewed or otherwise). Further, while the scientist in question is an author of what he calls maritime science fiction, he is not, unless I'm mistaken, a scholar of literature. Josh Milburn (talk) 17:59, 3 August 2016 (UTC)
* Delete - this is a made-up term. The mere existence of a tiny handful of Google hits for two words strung together does not constitute the existence of a recognized category or concept. NO reference works on science fiction or literature in general recognize any such field or tradition. -- Orange Mike | Talk 09:33, 2 August 2016 (UTC)
* Strong keep A major science fiction theme (together with spaceflight). And don't rename underwater since it can also be about using ordinary boats and ships travelling between islands. J 1982 (talk) 11:09, 2 August 2016 (UTC)
* Where are your references, please? Josh Milburn (talk) 17:59, 3 August 2016 (UTC)
* Comment Another website seems to acknowledge this in it's mention of sci-fi subgenres probably from Wikipedia, but it shows that it's still acknowledged. I have dispatched an email to a science fiction author who talks about subgenres. Let's see what his reply is.--Taeyebar 05:34, 4 August 2016 (UTC)
* Comment - Yes, a blog-like promotional site that copies material from Wikipedia will have material that is in Wikipedia. That this unreliable source found the material here says nothing about whether or not it should be here. I'm not sure what you think we will be able to do with any response you get from "a science fiction author". We need sufficient coverage in independent reliable sources to be able to write a reasonably detailed article, not copies of what we have on a blog or emails from an author. - Sum mer PhD v2.0 12:17, 4 August 2016 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Literature-related deletion discussions. Coolabahapple (talk) 12:45, 5 August 2016 (UTC)
* Delete. This does not seem to be a recognized genre in independent reliable sources. As others have said, there are a few hits for variations of the phrase, but there doesn't seem to be in-depth coverage of it. We would need sources that describe the history, major works, and common themes. Instead, we get a few trivial mentions that point out that a science fiction story takes place underwater, much as people will clarify that a science fiction work takes place on the moon. Instead of lunar science fiction, we've got Moon in fiction (which is pretty terrible). Nautical fiction is a good enough home for this topic. NinjaRobotPirate (talk) 16:29, 5 August 2016 (UTC)
* Delete We lack the number of sources discussing this is detail to demonstrate this is a recognized sub-genre worth having an article on.John Pack Lambert (talk) 23:40, 7 August 2016 (UTC)
* Comment A list from good reads is not a workable source to show a sub-genre is recognized. The article cited has even bigger problems. He seems to be trying to show that the US navy naming ships "enterprise" has some link to science fiction. Of the 7 ships, 6 of them (including the air craft carrier he mentions) pre-date the first airing of star trek. Cause and effect are mixed, and so are the lines between "science fiction" and "adventure fiction".John Pack Lambert (talk) 23:46, 7 August 2016 (UTC)
| WIKI |
time_range.ncl 1.51 KB
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; time_range.ncl
; Carl Schreck (carl@cicsnc.org)
; November 2011
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; Description: Print the time-range and optionally change the units
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load "$CJS_NCL_LIB/lib.time.ncl"
begin
; These are some parameters that could be useful to have up top
if( .not.isvar("path") ) then
path = "*nc"
end if
if( .not.isvar("timeVar") ) then
timeVar = "time"
end if
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print("path="+path)
print("timeVar="+timeVar)
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if( isStrSubset( path, "*" ) ) then
pathList = systemfunc( "ls " + path )
else
pathList = path
end if
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do pathInd = 0, dimsizes(pathList)-1
print( (pathInd+1) + ": " + pathList(pathInd) )
ioFile = addfile( pathList(pathInd), "r" )
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if( isfilevar( ioFile, timeVar ) ) then
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time = ioFile->$timeVar$
print( (/ " " + time@units /) )
add_time_atts( time )
time&$timeVar$ = time
print( " Start: " + time@beginning_date )
print( " End: " + time@ending_date )
print( " Range: " + time@actual_range(0) )
print( " Range: " + time@actual_range(1) )
print( " Delta: " + time@delta_t )
print( " Length: " + dimsizes(time) )
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print( " Units: " + time@units )
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delete(time)
delete(ioFile)
end if
end do
end | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Grpesim
The result of the debate was Speedy delete per WP:CSD criterion A6. (Deleted by Doc glasgow) -Nameneko 03:09, 6 November 2005 (UTC)
Grpesim
God alone knows what they are on about, but whatever it is it scores precisely one Google hit (for an unrelated email adrdess) and zero for apparentt notability. - Just zis Guy, you know? [T]/[C] :: AfD? 22:49, 5 November 2005 (UTC)
* Speedy Delete per A6. Also, utterly non-notable. Also, title of article is misspelled. Seems to have a dual purpose of 1) insulting whoever the subjects of the article are, and 2) promoting BillyBob's personal webpage. - Pasiphae 22:55, 5 November 2005 (UTC)
* Speedy delete per A6. Disparagement. - Sensor 22:56, 5 November 2005 (UTC)
| WIKI |
Q82. What do you know of Guru Har Gobind?
Guru Har Gobind (1595-1644) acted as per the advice of his father to maintain an army. His father had been a victim of Mughal tyranny. The Mughal rulers wanted to break the power of the Sikhs. He organized a band of soldiers and trained them in warfare. Some historians call it the beginning of a military theorcracy.
Emperor Jahangir felt jealous of the Guru’s military power and had him imprisoned in Gwalior fort. When the Guru’s release was ordered, he refused to leave the fort till the other Indian princes who were also in jail were released. After this was done the Guru came to be known as Bandhichhor or the Great Liberator.
Guru Har Gobind realized that a fight with the Mughal power was inevitable, so he had his small army well trained. He himself was a great rider, hunter and swordsman. Cunninghham reports that he had 800 horses, 300 trained horsemen and 60 artillery-men. Guru Har Gobind fought three major battles which were forced on him by the Mughals. The first battle at Amritsar was fought in 1634. The Commandar of the Mughals-Mukhlis Khan- was completely routed. In the second battle near Lehra in 1637, the Guru’s army was also victorious. The third battle in which Painde Khan got killed was fought at Kartarpur in 1638. The Guru’s success in all the three battles created confidence and inspired courage among his Sikhs.
Guru Har Gobind’s career marks the turning point in Sikh history. Due to the new circumstances, Sikhism was becoming militant. The Guru carried two swords: one of spiritual power – Peeri, and the other of military power – Meeri. The Sikhs had challenged the Mughal power, and has raised the banner of revolt against a crual and corrupt administration. The martydom of Guru Arjan had not been in vain. The mission of the Sikhs henceforth was for the liberation of people from religious and political tyranny. The use of the sword as means of defence and justice became popular among the Guru’s followers. In 1644, Guru Har Gobind nominated Guru Har Rai as his successor. | FINEWEB-EDU |
@article {CoffeyC169, author = {Coffey, Richard and Knutson, Mitchell D.}, title = {The plasma membrane metal-ion transporter ZIP14 contributes to nontransferrin-bound iron uptake by human β-cells}, volume = {312}, number = {2}, pages = {C169--C175}, year = {2017}, doi = {10.1152/ajpcell.00116.2016}, publisher = {American Physiological Society}, abstract = {The relationship between iron and β-cell dysfunction has long been recognized as individuals with iron overload display an increased incidence of diabetes. This link is usually attributed to the accumulation of excess iron in β-cells leading to cellular damage and impaired function. Yet, the molecular mechanism(s) by which human β-cells take up iron has not been determined. In the present study, we assessed the contribution of the metal-ion transporters ZRT/IRT-like protein 14 and 8 (ZIP14 and ZIP8) and divalent metal-ion transporter-1 (DMT1) to iron uptake by human β-cells. Iron was provided to the cells as nontransferrin-bound iron (NTBI), which appears in the plasma during iron overload and is a major contributor to tissue iron loading. We found that overexpression of ZIP14 and ZIP8, but not DMT1, resulted in increased NTBI uptake by βlox5 cells, a human β-cell line. Conversely, siRNA-mediated knockdown of ZIP14, but not ZIP8, resulted in 50\% lower NTBI uptake in βlox5 cells. In primary human islets, knockdown of ZIP14 also reduced NTBI uptake by 50\%. Immunofluorescence analysis of islets from human pancreatic sections localized ZIP14 and DMT1 nearly exclusively to β-cells. Studies in primary human islets suggest that ZIP14 protein levels do not vary with iron status or treatment with IL-1β. Collectively, these observations identify ZIP14 as a major contributor to NTBI uptake by β-cells and suggest differential regulation of ZIP14 in primary human islets compared with other cell types such as hepatocytes.}, issn = {0363-6143}, URL = {http://ajpcell.physiology.org/content/312/2/C169}, eprint = {http://ajpcell.physiology.org/content/312/2/C169.full.pdf}, journal = {American Journal of Physiology - Cell Physiology} } | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
provision of easy and shortest path to the flow of fault current without exceeding the operation and equipment limit
provision of easy and shortest path to the flow of fault current without exceeding the operation and equipment limit
• The Complete Research Material is averagely 26 pages long and it is in Ms Word Format, it has 1-5 Chapters.
• Major Attributes are Abstract, All Chapters, Figures, Appendix, References.
• Study Level: BTech, BSc, BEng, BA, HND, ND or NCE.
• Full Access Fee: ₦4,000
Get the complete project » Delivery Within 34-48hrs
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
The process of transferring the immediate discharge of the electrical energy directly to the earth by the help of the low resistance wire. The electrical earthing is done by connecting the non-current carrying part of the equipment or neutral of supply system to the ground.
Mostly, the galvanized iron is used for the earthing. The earthing provides the simple path of the leakage current. The short circuit current of the equipment passes to the earth which has zero potential. Thus, protects the system and equipment from damage.
Types of Electrical Earthing.
The electrical equipment mainly consists of two non-current carrying parts. These parts are neutral of the system or frame of the electrical equipment from the earthing of these two non-current carrying parts of the electrical system earthing can be classified into two types:
i. Neutral Earthing
ii. Equipment Earthing
NEUTRAL EARTHING
In neutral earthing, the neutral of the system is directly connected to earth by the help of the GI wire. The neutral earthing is also called the system earthing. Such type of Earthing is mostly provided to the system which has star winding. For example, the neutral earthing is provided in the generator, transformer, motor etc.
EQUIPMENT EARTHING
Such type of Earthing is provided to the electrical equipment. The non-current carrying part of the equipment like their metallic frame is connected to the earth by the help of the conducting wire. If any fault occurs in the apparatus, the short circuit current to pass the earth by the help of wire. Thus, protect the system from damage.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The purpose of the scale model experiments is the investigation of the variation of the transient resistance of the grounding grids, when the impulse current is injected each time at a different point of the grounding grid. Typically, when a lightning strike, a huge current is transmitted to the system. The same is happen when current fault occur in electrical system of a building. This current have to be channeled to ground to protect that system. However, channeling a huge current require a meticulous and reliable grounding system. That is the reason to why the grounding grid is important. Different configuration of the grid could produce different result. The meshes that tested can give a different results which the best can be design can be determined. Thus, better protection can be chosen and can keep our protected system safely.
1.3 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
Aim of the work is to provide easy and shortest path to the flow of fault current without exceeding the operation and equipment limit and adversely affecting the continuity of service, it is also to ensure that a person present in the station yard is not exposed to danger of electrical shock.
The objectives of the work is as follows;
i. To understand of requirements, objectives, planning, and properties of earthing system.
ii. To understand basic practical constructional aspects of earthing system.
iii. To install earthing systems for various flours in the Electrical and Electronics building.
1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
Most engineers view earthing mainly as a method to protect equipment from damage or malfunction. However, the most important element is operator safety. Proper earthing is a basic protection against AC line disturbances. This applies whether the source of the disturbance is lightning, power-system switching activities, or faults in the distribution network. Proper earthing is also a key element in preventing radio frequency interference in transmission or computer equipment. Moreover, power quality can be significantly degraded due to improper earthing. Implementing an effective ground network is not an easy task. It requires planning, quality components, and skilled installers. It is not inexpensive. However, proper earthing is an investment that will pay dividends for the life of the facility.
1.5 METHODOLOGY
There are several methods of earthing like wire or strip earthing, rod earthing, pipe earthing, plate earthing or earthing through water mains. Most commonly used methods of earthing are pipe earthing and plate earthing. These methods are explained below in details.
1.5.1 Earthing Mat
Earthing mat is made by joining the number of rods through copper conductors. It reduced the overall grounding resistance. Such type of system helps in limiting the ground potential. Earthing mat is mostly used in a placed where the large fault current is to be experienced. While designing an earth mat.
1.5.2 Earthing Electrode
In this type of earthing any wire, rod, pipe, plate or a bundle of conductors, inserted in the ground horizontally or vertically. In distributing systems, the earth electrode may consist of a rod, about 1 meter in length and driven vertically into the ground. In generating substations, grounding mat is used rather than individual rods.
1.5.3 Pipe Earthing
This is the most common and best system of earthing as compared to other systems suitable for the same earth and moisture conditions. In this method the galvanized steel and perforated pipe of approved length and diameter in place upright in a permanently wet soil, as shown below. The size of the pipe depends upon the current to be carried and type of soil.
Normally, the size of the pipe uses for earthing is of diameter 40 mm and 2.5 meters in length for ordinary soil or of greater length in case of dry and rocky soil. The depth at which the pipe must be buried depends on the moistures of the ground.
1.5.4 Plate Earthing
In Plate Earthing an earthing plate either of copper of dimension 60cm×60cm×3m of galvanized iron of dimensions 60 cm× 60 cm×6 mm is buried into the ground with its face vertical at a depth of not less than 3 meters from ground level.
The earth plate is inserted into auxiliary layers of coke and salt for a minimum thickness of 15 cm. The earth wire (GI or copper wire) is tightly bolted to an earth plate with the help of nut or bolt. The copper plate and copper wire are usually not employed for grounding purposes because of their higher cost.
1.5.5 Earthing Through Water Mains
In this type of earthing the GI or copper wire are connected to the water mains with the help of the steel binding wire.
The water pipe is made up of metal, and it is placed below the surface of the ground, i.e. directly connected to earth. The fault current flow through the GI or copper wire is directly get earthed through the water pipe.
1.6 REPORT OUTLINE
In view of this project, the chapter one gives the introduction, the chapter two talks about the literature reviews, while chapter three highlighted the construction and packaging of the project, also chapter four outline the testing and result obtained and chapter five gives the conclusion, recommendation and references of the project.
You either get what you want or your money back. T&C Apply
You can find more project topics easily, just search
Quick Project Topic Search | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Cedar Lane (Leggett, North Carolina)
Cedar Lane, also known as Fountain House, is a historic plantation house located near Leggett, Edgecombe County, North Carolina. It was built in the late-1840s, and is a two-story, double-pile, three bays wide, vernacular Greek Revival style frame dwelling. Also on the property are the contributing cook's house, dairy and electric plant, a smokehouse, tool shed, barn, and carriage house.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. | WIKI |
Onegai Miwaku no Target
"Onegai Miwaku no Target/Crazy Happy!" (お願い魅惑のターゲット/Crazy Happy!) / "Onegai Miwaku no Target" (お願い魅惑のターゲット) is a single by Japanese girl group Melon Kinenbi. It was released in two versions, the first of which was released as an indies single in 2006, and the second of which was released as a major single in 2007. The major single release peaked at #50 on the Oricon weekly chart.
"Onegai Miwaku no Target/Crazy Happy!" was originally released in 2006 as a double A-side indies single. In 2007, Onegai Miwaku no Target was remixed and re-released as a major single, for which a PV was created. Crazy Happy! was later released as a bonus track on the coupling compilation album URA MELON. Onegai Miwaku no Target - Original new ver. was used as the ending theme of the TV Tokyo music programme Onryū ~On Ryu~.
On March 31, 2012, the idol group Up-Up Girls from Up-Front Agency released this with a new arrangement as the b-side to their indies debut single, Going my ↑.
Indies Version
* 1) Onegai Miwaku no Target (お願い魅惑のターゲット)
* 2) Crazy Happy!
* 3) Onegai Miwaku no Target (Instrumental) (お願い魅惑のターゲット(instrumental))
* 4) Crazy Happy! (Instrumental) (Crazy Happy!(instrumental))
Major Version
* 1) Onegai Miwaku no Target ~Mango Purine Mix~ (お願い魅惑のターゲット ～マンゴープリン Mix～)
* 2) Onegai Miwaku no Target - Original new ver. (お願い魅惑のターゲット オリジナルnew ver.)
* 3) Onegai Miwaku no Target - Original new ver. (Instrumental) (お願い魅惑のターゲット オリジナルnew ver.(Instrumental)) | WIKI |
Page:Southern Historical Society Papers volume 13.djvu/138
Reminiscences of Cavalry Operations. 137
creek, which was intended as a feint, and his two guns under the gal- lant Carter were very active. I could see that we were in imminent danger of capture. The enemy fell back in Rosser's immediate front. Payne had now moved up, and when this body fell back, another column, unobserved by Rosser, passed under and behind a hill to his left, and pushed rapidly in his rear towards our hospital of the evening before, and our camp. The next time the enemy moved up to attack Rosser, it was a heavy column, and their whole line started. They soon overpowered Payne and White, of Rosser's brigade. We could now hear the yell of the column on our left and rear, and on my right we could hear Lomax's guns receding. I saw we had no possible chance now but to move out, and that, at a run, my left had given away, and it was only by a quick run that we escaped capture. Lieutenant-Colonel Cary Breckenridge had the best opportunity, being on the extreme right held his regiment in hand, covered by the Sharpshooters of the Second, and when, they arrived in some timber, half a mile in the rear, he formed his regi- ment, and upon which the brigade was soon formed. Captain Lamb of the Third. Hobson of the Fourth, Captain James Breckenridge of the Second, kept his Sharpshooters well out, and Captain Litch- field of the First, were all active with their Sharpshooters, and con- spicuous in their efforts.
My men could see the enemy's numbers, and it was clear from the very start that this handful had not a glimmering of a chance in its favor. Had we retired at once, we could have done so without trouble, and with credit; had we attempted to hold our line any longer the capture of the whole command was inevitable. When my brigade had reformed, Rosser came to where we were and told me that the rest of the command were forming in our rear, and would support me; that he wanted me to move over to the road and drive off a small body of the enemy and recapture a part of our train which had attempted to escape. I did move my brigade as he had wished, and upon arriving at the point he desired me to move to, he accom- panying me, I made the necessary dispositions for the attack, and just as we were about ready, a regiment moved up in full view with drawn sabres, and his discretion returned, he then said "we can't doit." The enemy moving up towards us, my sharpshooters en- gaged them, and we had another sharp skirmish in which Lieuten- ant Abner Hatcher, of Company A, Second Virginia, was killed, and we lost some others. (I sincerely regret that I am without data to enable me to report from any of the other regiments than my | WIKI |
Heart problems
IRREGULAR HEARTBEAT (ARRHYTHMIAS)
My child's heart seems to beat very fast. Does she have an irregular heartbeat?
Your child's heart rate normally will vary to some degree. Fever, crying, exercise, or other vigorous activity makes any heart beat faster. And the younger the child, the faster the normal heart rate will be. As your child gets older, her heart rate will slow down. A resting heart rate of 130 to 150 beats per minute is normal for a newborn infant, but it is too fast for a six-year-old child at rest. In a very athletic teenager, a resting heart rate of 50 to 60 beats per minute may be normal.
The heart’s regular rhythm or beat is maintained by a small electrical circuit that runs through nerves in the walls of the heart. When the circuit is working properly, the heartbeat is quite regular; but when there’s a problem in the circuit, an irregular heartbeat, or arrhythmia, can occur. Some children are born with abnormalities in this heart circuitry, but arrhythmias also can be caused by infections or chemical imbalances in the blood. Even in healthy children, there can be other variations in the rhythm of the heartbeat, including changes that occur just as a result of breathing. Such a fluctuation is called sinus arrhythmia, and requires no special evaluation or treatment because it is normal.
So-called premature heartbeats are another form of irregular rhythm that requires no treatment. If these occur in your child, she might say that her heart “skipped a beat” or did a “flip-flop.” Usually these symptoms do not indicate the presence of significant heart disease.
If your pediatrician says that your child has a true arrhythmia, it could mean that her heart beats faster than normal (tachycardia), very fast (flutter), fast and with no regularity (fibrillation), slower than normal (bradycardia), or that it has isolated early beats (premature beats). While true arrhythmias are not very common, when they do occur they can be serious. On rare occasions they can cause fainting or even heart failure. Fortunately, they can be treated successfully so it’s important to detect arrhythmias as early as possible.
Signs and symptoms
If your child has a true arrhythmia, your pediatrician probably will discover it during a routine visit. But should you notice any of the following warning signs between pediatric visits, notify your doctor immediately.
• Your infant suddenly becomes pale and listless; her body feels limp.
• Your child complains of her “heart beating fast,” when she’s not exercising.
• She tells you she feels uncomfortable, weak, or dizzy.
• She blacks out or faints.
Diagnosis
It's unlikely that your child will ever experience any of these symptoms, but if she does, your pediatrician will perform additional tests and perhaps consult with a pediatric cardiologist. In the process the doctors may do an electrocardiogram (ECG), to better distinguish a normal sinus arrhythmia from a true arrhythmia. An ECG is a tape recording of the electrical impulses that make the heart beat, and it will allow the doctor to observe any irregularities more closely.
Sometimes your child's unusual heartbeats may occur at unpredictable times, often not when the ECG is being taken. In that case the cardiologist may suggest that your child carry a small portable tape recorder that continuously records her heartbeat over a one- to two-day period. During this time you'll be asked to keep a log of your child's activities and symptoms. Correlating the ECG with your observations will permit a diagnosis to be made. For example, if your child feels her heart "flutter" and becomes dizzy at 2:15 P.M. and the ECG shows her heart suddenly beating faster at the same time, the diagnosis of tachycardia will probably be established.
Occasionally irregular heartbeats will occur only during exercise. If that's the case with your child, the cardiologist may have your youngster ride a stationary bicycle or run on a treadmill while her heartbeat is being recorded. When your child is old enough to participate in sports, ask your pediatrician if any special tests or restrictions are necessary.
Source - 11/21/2015
Caring for Your Baby and Young Child: Birth to Age 5 (Copyright © 2009 American Academy of Pediatrics)
HEART DISEASE: REDUCE YOUR CHILD'S RISK
Heredity is clearly an important risk factor for conditions such as heart disease, cancer, and diabetes. However, researchers are steadily gathering strong evidence about how diet influence development of diseases. Experts agree that healthy eating habits from an early age can lower the risk of developing several deadly diseases later on. A diet designed to lower the risk of heart disease, diabetes, and other serious diseases is one that benefits the whole family, adults and children alike.
Risk Factors for Heart Disease
Heart disease is the number one killer of men and women in the United States and most industrialized countries. The chief risk factors are:
Following a Heart-Healthy Diet From an Early Age
American children and adolescents, on average, eat more saturated fat and have higher blood cholesterol levels than young people their age in most other developed countries. The rate of heart disease tends to keep pace with cholesterol levels. One study found early signs of hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis) in 7% of children between ages 10 and 15 years, and the rate was twice as high between ages 15 and 20.
According to the American Heart Association, a heart-healthy diet from an early age lowers cholesterol and if followed through adolescence and beyond, should reduce the risk of coronary artery disease in adulthood.
All children older than 2 years should follow a heart-healthy diet, including low-fatdairy products. For children between the ages of 12 months and 2 years with a family history of obesity, abnormal blood fats, or cardiovascular disease, reduced-fat milk should be considered.
Is There a Family History?
When you and your children first saw your pediatrician, you were probably asked if there was a history of heart or vascular disease in your family. If your children were young, their grandparents were probably relatively young as well and may not have had a heart attack or stroke (even though they may have been headed for one). If heart disease in the grandparents becomes apparent later on, be sure to bring it to your pediatrician’s attention at the next checkup.
Cholesterol Testing for Adopted Children
Complete biological family medical histories are not usually available to adopted children and their parents, even for those adopted in open proceedings. To prevent the development of diseases linked to high blood cholesterol levels, adopted children should be screened periodically for blood lipid (fat) levels throughout childhood.
Additional Information
Source - 11/21/2015
Nutrition: What Every Parent Needs to Know (Copyright © American Academy of Pediatrics 2011) | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Albuterol Sulate
List of products in the National Drug Code with proprietary name albuterol sulate. Albuterol (also known as salbutamol) is used to treat wheezing and shortness of breath caused by breathing problems such as asthma. It is a quick-relief medication. Albuterol belongs to a class of drugs known as bronchodilators. It works by relaxing the muscles around the airways so that they open up and you can breathe more easily. Controlling symptoms of breathing problems can decrease time lost from work or school.
NDC Proprietary Name Non-Proprietary Name Dosage Form Route Name Labeler Name Product Type
68071-4777Albuterol Sulate HFAAlbuterol SulfateAerosol, MeteredRespiratory (inhalation)Nucare Pharmaceuticals,inc.Human Prescription Drug
68788-7353Albuterol Sulate HFAAlbuterol SulfateAerosol, MeteredRespiratory (inhalation)Preferred Pharmaceuticals Inc.Human Prescription Drug | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Emscripten下载和安装
注解
如果您不喜欢使用emsdk下载二进制文件，也可以 build Emscripten from source
注解
There are additional ways to install Emscripten than the instructions below, for example, using brew on MacOS, the package manager on your linux distro, or a Docker image, etc. However, the emsdk is the only officially supported way to use Emscripten that is supported by the Emscripten project, and the only one that we constantly test (emsdk CI, Emscripten GitHub CI, Chromium CI). (While we don’t officially support other ways of getting Emscripten, we definitely appreciate the efforts by third parties to package Emscripten for users’ convenience, and we’d like to help out, please get in touch if you are such a packager!)
安装说明
首先，检查下面的关于 Platform-specific notes ，然后安装必要的软件包。
Emscripten SDK (emsdk) 的核心驱动程序是 Python 脚本。 您可以通过以下方式首次获取它
# Get the emsdk repo
git clone https://github.com/emscripten-core/emsdk.git
# Enter that directory
cd emsdk
注解
你也可以不使用Git来获取emsdk，而是在 Github 上下载它.
运行下面的 emsdk 命令可以从Github上获取最新版的工具，并设置为 active :
# Fetch the latest version of the emsdk (not needed the first time you clone)
git pull
# Download and install the latest SDK tools.
./emsdk install latest
# Make the "latest" SDK "active" for the current user. (writes ~/.emscripten file)
./emsdk activate latest
# Activate PATH and other environment variables in the current terminal
source ./emsdk_env.sh
注解
在 Windows下，使用 emsdk 代替 ./emsdk 命令，emsdk_env.bat 代替 source ./emsdk_env.sh 命令。
注解
git pull 将获取标签的当前列表，但是那里可能还没有最新的标签。您可以运行 ./emsdk update-tags 以直接更新标签列表。
如果改变了SDK的位置(例如：使用USB带到别的计算机), 需要从新运行 ./emsdk activate latestsource ./emsdk_env.sh 命令。
Emsdk install targets
在上面的描述中，我们要求emsdk安装并激活 latest，这是最新的标记发行版。这通常就是您想要的。
您还可以通过指定特定版本来安装它，例如，
./emsdk install 1.38.45
注解
When installing old versions from before the build infrastructure rewrite (anything before 1.38.33), you need to write something like ./emsdk install sdk-1.38.20-64bit (add sdk- and -64bit) as that was the naming convention at the time.
您也可以指定要使用的后端，fastcomp``upstream``（不指定后端，则使用当前默认值），例如，
# Get a specific version using the upstream backend.
./emsdk install latest-upstream
# Get a specific version using the fastcomp backend.
./emsdk install 1.38.45-fastcomp
There are also “tip-of-tree builds”, which are the very latest code that passes integration tests on Chromium CI. This is updated much more frequently than tagged releases, but may be less stable (we tag releases manually using a more careful procedure). Tip-of-tree builds may be useful for continuous integration that uses the emsdk (as Emscripten’s GitHub CI does), and you may want to use it in your own CI as well, so that if you find a regression on your project you can report it and prevent it from reaching a tagged release. Tip-of-builds may also be useful if you want to test a feature that just landed but didn’t reach a release yet. To use a tip-of-tree build, use the tot target, and note that you must specify the backend explicitly,
# Get a tip-of-tree using the upstream backend.
./emsdk install tot-upstream
# Get a tip-of-tree using the fastcomp backend.
./emsdk install tot-fastcomp
(In the above examples we installed the various targets; remember to also activate them as in the full example from earlier.)
Platform-specific notes
Windows
1. Install Python 2.7.12 or newer (older versions may not work due to a GitHub change with SSL).
注解
Instead of running emscripten on Windows directly, you can use the Windows Subsystem for Linux to run it in a Linux environment.
macOS
If you use MacOS 10.13.3 or later then you should have a new enough version of Python installed (older versions may not work due to a GitHub change with SSL). Otherwise you can manually install and use Python 2.7.12 or newer.
These instructions explain how to install all the required tools. You can test whether some of these are already installed on the platform and skip those steps.
1. Install the Xcode Command Line Tools. These are a precondition for git.
• Install Xcode from the macOS App Store.
• In Xcode | Preferences | Downloads, install Command Line Tools.
1. Install git:
1. Install cmake if you do not have it yet:
Linux
注解
Emsdk does not install any tools to the system, or otherwise interact with Linux package managers. All file changes are done inside the emsdk/ directory.
• Python, CMake, and Java are not provided by emsdk. The user is expected to install these beforehand with the system package manager:
# Install Python
sudo apt-get install python2.7
# Install CMake (optional, only needed for tests and building Binaryen)
sudo apt-get install cmake
# Install Java (optional, only needed for Closure Compiler minification)
sudo apt-get install default-jre
注解
You need Python 2.7.12 or newer because older versions may not work due to a GitHub change with SSL).
注解
If you want to use your system’s Node.js instead of the emsdk’s, it may be node instead of nodejs, and you can adjust the NODE_JS attribute of your ~/.emscripten file to point to it.
• Git is not installed automatically. Git is only needed if you want to use tools from one of the development branches emscripten-incoming or emscripten-master:
# Install git
sudo apt-get install git-core
Verifying the installation
The easiest way to verify the installation is to compile some code using Emscripten.
You can jump ahead to the Emscripten教程, but if you have any problems building you should run through the basic tests and troubleshooting instructions in 验证Emscripten开发环境.
Updating the SDK
小技巧
You only need to install the SDK once! After that you can update to the latest SDK at any time using Emscripten SDK (emsdk).
Type the following in a command prompt
# Fetch the latest registry of available tools.
./emsdk update
# Download and install the latest SDK tools.
./emsdk install latest
# Set up the compiler configuration to point to the "latest" SDK.
./emsdk activate latest
# Activate PATH and other environment variables in the current terminal
source ./emsdk_env.sh
The package manager can do many other maintenance tasks ranging from fetching specific old versions of the SDK through to using the versions of the tools on GitHub (or even your own fork). Check out all the possibilities in the “How to” guides.
Uninstalling the Emscripten SDK
If you want to remove the whole SDK, just delete the directory containing the SDK.
It is also possible to remove specific tools in the SDK using emsdk. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Beulah College
Beulah College is a coeducational Christian secondary school in Tongatapu, Tonga, established in 1938. It was formally opened by Sālote Tupou III in February 1939. The SDA Annual Statistics first report on Beulah College in 1941. It lists 109 students and five teachers for only grades 1–8. Four students graduated. The 2009 report lists 202 students, 97 of which were Seventh-day Adventists. The school provided a complete secondary school education. There were 16 graduates.
In October 2015 boarders at the school were sent home after a girl in the village was diagnosed with typhoid. | WIKI |
File:Ercument kalmik liman kompozisyon.jpg
Summary
Liman Kompozisyon (Harbour Composition), Painting by Ercument Kalmik (1909-1971)
I believe use of this image falls under fair use as it is a reduced-quality reproduction of a two-dimensional work of art used for the purpose of critique of the aritst's style and technique. Source URL | WIKI |
Forget Telecoms, Twilio Is a Better Communications Industry Stock
Shares of cloud-based communications platform Twilio (NYSE: TWLO) have more than doubled so far in 2018, bringing the company's valuation nearly back to the all-time highs reached shortly after going public in 2016. While all the hype in the world of communications has been around the up-and-coming 5G wireless network , it could take some time for that service to make a meaningful impact for Verizon and AT&T . Meanwhile, Twilio's fast addition of customers on its customizable cloud-based service is translating to positive share price appreciation right now.
What are cloud-based communications?
Twilio operates an application programming interface (API) for software developers and programmers to add voice, text, video, and authentication capabilities to apps. None of that is exactly new; the difference from standard communications networks is that Twilio enables the same services via the cloud.
That means while you may never have heard of Twilio before, it's likely you have utilized its services. Ride-sharing apps Uber and Lyft utilize Twilio for real-time communications between drivers and customers; Hulu's call center makes use of its services to improve the caller experience; and Airbnb uses Twilio to automate rental confirmation texts to travelers and hosts. Other customers include Coca Cola , Intuit , and Nordstrom , among many others.
What's the value proposition, here? It's all about increasing engagement with customers and making the overall experience a better one. Making communications available via an app or website is more convenient for a new generation of consumers, and Twilio's services like artificial intelligence and automation can also help companies reduce the cost of operating a call center and managing other communication initiatives. It's a win-win situation for customers and for the places where they do business.
Twilio's M.O. and how it's working
Lots of companies offer similar services as Twilio, but this communications platform is one of just a handful offering all of them in a convenient cloud-based package. That means while many customers come to Twilio seeking one service, they ultimately end up using other APIs on the cloud later on down the road. That shows up in the net expansion rate, which measures revenue from existing customers and is a key metric for companies that charge a recurring fee. In the first quarter of 2018, that figure was 132%, implying existing customers spent 32% more than they did last year.
Expanding relationships is important, but Twilio is going after new ones, too. Sales and marketing expense increased 55% year over year in the first quarter, which equated to a 33% bump in customer count, to 53,985 at the end of the first quarter. Paired with that net expansion rate figure, revenues were up 48% to kick off 2018.
It's worth noting that Twilio isn't for every investor. This company runs at both an operating and net loss, both of which increased from 12 months ago by 64% and 56%, respectively. That can make for one volatile stock, as can be seen from Twilio's performance thus far as a public company.
Data by YCharts .
For those willing to handle some gut-wrenching moves, though, Twilio's losses for the sake of more sales later could really pay off. With communication via the internet and digital applications only increasing in importance, there's a good chance that should pan out.
10 stocks we like better than Twilio
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Nicholas Rossolillo and his clients own shares of Coca-Cola and Verizon Communications. The Motley Fool owns shares of and recommends Intuit and Twilio. The Motley Fool owns shares of Verizon Communications. The Motley Fool recommends Nordstrom. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy .
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Dental ImplantsPatients with missing teeth have a couple of tooth replacement solutions to choose from. Dental implants and dentures are the primary tooth replacement options. There are considerable differences between these artificial teeth. Here is a look at everything you need to know to make the right decision.
Fit and Functionality
If comfort is your top concern, dental implants1 are the best option. Dental implants are also superior in terms of performance. Dentures have the potential to slip when talking or eating, causing embarrassment as well as discomfort. Some dentures do not fit right and irritate the gums. Dentures even have the potential to create sores within the mouth.
Maintenance
Dentures require much more care then dental implants. Take the denture route and you will have to add adhesive paste to keep the dentures securely in place. Applying this paste is somewhat of a challenge. However, if you fail to apply the adhesive, your dentures will almost certainly slip out while you are talking or eating, creating quite the embarrassing scene. Furthermore, those who opt for dentures have to soak and clean them on a daily basis. This is a far cry from dental implants that really do look and function like regular teeth.
Choose dental implants and you will be able to floss and brush them just like real teeth. You won't have to worry about removing dentures at night prior to sleeping. Nor will you have to worry about removing dentures when you light up a cigarette, cigar or pipe. The heat from smoking has the potential to damage denture acrylic and burn soft tissue.
Food Issues
Opt for dental implants and you can eat whatever food you desire, regardless of whether it is sticky or crunchy. This level of freedom cannot be enjoyed with dentures. Ask anyone who uses dentures about the problems they have with certain foods and you will be inundated with a list of tasty treats that cannot be consumed while wearing dentures.
Cost
Dentures have the edge over dental implants when it comes to cost. Though the price of dental implants will likely continue to decline as they improve in quality, they cost more than dentures at the moment. However, in the long run, dentures have the potential to cost more. Dentures are not the sole cost. Opt for dentures and you will have to purchase additional items ranging from cleaning solutions to fixatives, denture replacements and beyond. The price just keeps on going up as time progresses. Furthermore, removable dentures must be replaced at least once a decade. Alternatively, dental implants have a lifespan upwards of 25 years or longer.
Bone Loss Prevention
Dental implants preserve bone within the jaw better than dentures. Dental implants replace the tooth root, stimulating bone growth that ultimately allows the jaw to remain dense and solid. Furthermore, dental implants will stop the jaw from shrinking, preserving facial structure and ensuring you look as young as possible. However, if your gums and jaw are weak, it might not be possible to add dental implants as titanium rods have to be inserted in the jaw.
Aesthetics
Those who choose dental implants find these artificial teeth look exactly like real teeth. You can open wide while talking, laughing, eating or yawning without feeling self-conscious about how your teeth look. In comparison, dentures look more artificial. If you are concerned with the look of your smile and do not want to feel self-conscious about your teeth, dental implants are the superior option.
The Extent of Tooth Replacement
Dentures and dental implants can replace all of the teeth in your mouth or some of the teeth. If you merely need one tooth replaced, a single dental implant can be placed in your mouth. If you have some teeth remaining, you should give consideration to partial dentures. The only risk with partial dentures is if they do not fit as intended, there will be a heightened chance of decay and/or infection.
The Process for Placement
The dental implant process takes upwards of six months or longer. This length of time is required as the dentist has to add titanium rods to the jawbone. These biocompatible rods or screws function as the new tooth's artificial root. The fusion of these rods to the jaw occurs in a process referred to as osseointegration. Though there is the potential for this process to take a full six months, there is also a chance it will be completed in as little as three months. Once osseointegration is complete, you will return to the dentist's office so a crown or possibly even a bridge can be placed over the implants. This crown looks and functions like a regular tooth.
No such process or wait is necessary with dentures. The denture placement process is comparably easy and simple. Opt for dentures and the dentist will strive for the tightest fit possible by taking impressions of the mouth. The dentist will build a model to ensure the ideal fit. The denture molds are transmitted to a dental laboratory where they are made to suit your unique mouth dimensions. The dentist will ensure your dentures fit exactly as you desire so you can leave the office in full confidence.
Why do Some Patients Prefer Dentures?
Most readers are leaning toward dental implants at this point as implants seem to have a number of advantages over dentures. However, some patients are happy with dentures. As noted above, dentures are cheaper at the outset. Furthermore, some patients love the fact that they can remove their denture whenever desired. Dentures are improving in terms of aesthetics and quality as time progresses. If your dentures are custom made by a true dental professional, the majority of people will not know you have artificial teeth.
Smile Hawaii
If you need one or multiple teeth replaced, contact our office to learn more about dental implants and dentures. Give us a call at (808) 877-8090 to schedule an appointment2.
1. https://www.drogata.com/Dental-Implants
2. https://www.drogata.com/Contact | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
As exports struggle, Israel's economy faces slower growth
JERUSALEM (Reuters) - For decades, Israel’s high growth was driven by exports of oranges, diamonds, pharmaceuticals and software, but the picture is changing due to weak global demand and a strong shekel. Consumer spending is now a critical growth driver. Businesses fear factories and jobs are at risk if exports, which have declined 10 percentage points over the past decade, fall further. “We are exporting 80 percent less than our peak” a decade ago, said Joseph Ben-Dor, chief executive of Ben-Dor Fruits & Nurseries on the Jordan River in northern Israel. Ben-Dor, whose family started the business in 1888, said his main market is Europe, particularly Britain where his largest customers for plums and other fruits are Tesco, Marks & Spencer, Morrisons and Waitrose. He largely blames a strong shekel, rising water, labor and other costs, and government obstacles for lower sales abroad. Diamond exports, 25-30 percent of Israel’s industrial exports, have slid 30 percent in the past few years, mainly on slower global demand, said Yoram Dvash, president of the Israel Diamond Exchange. Exports to China, a key market, have plunged 70 percent in the last 18 months. Citing weak global growth that has hurt exports, Israel’s Finance Ministry on Wednesday lowered its economic growth forecast for 2016 to 2.5 percent from 2.8 percent and trimmed estimates through 2019. The Bank of Israel last month cut its growth estimate from 2.8 percent to 2.4 percent for 2016 and 2.9 percent in 2017. When exports are hot, Israel’s economy tends to grow between 4 and 5 percent a year. With flat or declining exports in 2014, 2015 and probably again this year, growth is closer to 2.5 percent, well below the average of 4.5 percent from 2004-2011. “If the trend continues we can witness sustained private consumption growth but we will shift to a lower growth rate,” Nathan Sussman, head of research at the Bank of Israel, said. “Growth will likely be in the 2.5 to 3 percent range if it stays this way.” With the population growing 2 percent a year, that amounts to per capita growth of just 0.5-1 percent. Ten years ago, net exports accounted for 41 percent of output. Now the ratio is 31 percent. While that tops the 13 percent in the United States and 27 percent for Europe, the decline has strained the economy. “We need to target growth of 4 to 5 percent so if you want to reach that, you need to turn on the engine of exports,” said Shraga Brosh, president of Israel’s Manufacturers’ Association. Brosh said the government needed to invest more in research and development and encourage small- and medium-sized factories to become more efficient through tax incentives. Ohad Cohen, head of the Foreign Trade Administration in the Economy Ministry, said there was only so much the government could do. “We don’t have any magic pill,” he said. Still, the ministry supports exporters with insurance guarantees and in opening new markets. In recent years, it has doubled the number of offices in Asia to 16. Asia now accounts for 22 percent of Israel’s exports, compared with 31 percent for Europe and 25 percent for the United States. Israel plans to invest in penetrating markets in Africa and Latin America, Cohen said. Exports excluding diamonds and start-ups are forecast to fall 1.5 percent this year after a similar decline in 2015. Much of the weakness has come from Europe, in part because the euro has lost 15 percent against the shekel since late 2014. Another issue is that three companies - Intel, Israel Chemicals (ICL) and Teva Pharmaceutical Industries - control nearly half of industrial exports. For various reasons they have trimmed output. Intel is shifting production to a new chip plant in Israel, while falling demand and prices for potash have weighed on ICL. Teva said its exports are “characterized with monthly and seasonal fluctuations” but are not falling on an annual basis. Concerned by sluggish exports, the central bank continues to buy dollars to try to prevent further shekel strength. It has bought about $70 billion of foreign currency since 2008, but the shekel has not weakened enough to spur an export recovery. Editing by Janet Lawrence | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
PowerShell Team
Automating the world one-liner at a time…
BizTalk Server Applications: Get/Start/Stop
Tomas Restrepo has a nice script for getting/starting/stoping BizTalk Server Applications at: http://www.winterdom.com/weblog/2006/09/02/BTSResetWithPowerShell.aspx I like how readable it the script is. It is completely obvious what is going on. Compare that script with his original C# implementation at: http://www.winterdom.com/...
Background "jobs" and PowerShell
A lot of people have asked whegther Windows PowerShell can do UNIX job handling. The paraphrase an old management salesperson joke, "YES - YOU can do UNIX job handling with Windows PowerShell" (which means you have to do it yourself). Jim Truher shows you how in his latest blog entry: http://jtruher.spaces.live.com/...
More Windows PowerShell Training Available
Don Jones, of ScriptingAnswers.com, is holding two two-day classes on Windows administrative scripting in Chicago and Seattle this September. While the first day of each class will focus on advanced VBScript techniques, the second day will be entirely devoted to Windows PowerShell. No prior PowerShell experience is necessary—Don plans to ...
Joel-On-Software on the power of a good language
Joel Spolsky of Joel-On-Software fame, just posted a blog, "Can Your Programming Language Do This?" http://www.joelonsoftware.com/items/2006/08/01.html In this article, he drives home the point that when it comes to code: Maintainability, Readability, Abstraction == Good! He then points out how languages can help or hinder this and goes ...
ScriptCenter EventLog Article
ScriptCenter has a very good article exploring the use of Windows PowerShell to analyze your eventlogs. Check it out at: http://www.microsoft.com/technet/scriptcenter/topics/msh/cmdlets/get-eventlog.mspx PSMDTAG:CMDLET: Get-EventLog PSMDTAG:FAQ: EventLog - How do I find out what event logs exist? ANSWER: Get-EventLog -list ...
Encoding Operations Knowledge
One of the primary goals of Windows PowerShell is to encode operations knowledge. Consider the example of finding out what domain role a computer plays. If you look at the WMI class WIN32_COMPUTERSYSTEM, you'll see that it tells you this information: PS> Get-WMiObject Win32_computerSystem |fl dom*Domain &...
Why do I sometimes get different types?
PSMDTAG:FAQ: Why do I sometimes get different types or different behaviors? PSMDTAG:FAQ: When I pipe a heterogenous set of objects to an cmdlet that expects a homogenous stream - what happens and why? In our newgroup ( Microsoft.public.Windows.PowerShell ), Alex A asked these questions with the following example: cd c:\temp$( gci ; gci hkcu...
Suppressing return values in PowerShell functions
PSMDTAG:FAQ: How do I supress return values in PowerShell functions? This was asked in a newgroup with the clarification: What I mean is:When you call a function Foo that returns a bool, PS will write 'True' or 'False' to the screenby default. Is there anyway to get it to stop writing those return values? Let's illustrate the issue: PS> ...
Casting a scriptblock to an arbitrary delegate signature
Arild asked the following in http://arildf.spaces.msn.com/blog/cns!E99F8B43533149B0!140.entry?_c%3dBlogPart : PSMDTAG:FAQ: Delegates - how to cast a scriptblock to an arbitrary delegate signature? ANSWER - You can't in V1.0. In version 1.0 Windows PowerShell only supports casting scriptblocks to delegates with the ... | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Using Faye with SSL
• Tutorial
We live in an era of abundance and are free to choose from dozens of proposed options, the one that we like the most.
When developing a real-time service, you can get by with the familiar setInterval (), but you should take advantage of the capabilities of WebSocket technology and the like. Here are the benefits you get:
• Instant customer notification of an event
• Ability to create a service using event channels thanks to the pub / sub architecture.
• The lack of constant requests to the server and reduced load as a result.
Our project was developed on Ruby on Rails and uses the Nginx + Passenger bundle .
Of all the libraries that implement messaging, Faye is the most painlessly implemented .
• It works as a separate process and does not require the use of any specific server.
• Independent of project configuration
• There are versions for RoR and Node.js
The process of setting up and using is described in detail in the documentation, an article on the Faye hub as a way not to shut down your server in the Faye screencast .
But as it usually happens, difficulties can arise at any time, it is worth taking a step to the side.
Now I would like to describe the Faye configuration situation when using SSL .
Let this short article save someone a few hours of life.
Faye server setup
Faye uses Thin as a server . We start it with SSL enabled.
Create the file faye.ru in the project root with the following contents
require 'faye'
faye_server = Faye::RackAdapter.new(:mount => '/faye', :timeout => 30)
Faye::WebSocket.load_adapter('thin')
run faye_server
In the project directory lib / ssl / we place SSL certificates.
We create the config file config / thin.yml
- port: 9292
ssl: true
ssl_key_file: / <Project name> /lib/ssl/cert.key
ssl_cert_file: / <Project name> /lib/ssl/cert.crt
environment: production
rackup: faye.ru
To start the server, use the command:
bundle exec thin -C config/thin.yml -e production start
(production mode is required)
The server is configured and running, it's time to help the faye client connect.
Faye client setup
The client will connect at
https://example.com/faye
We use Nginx to create a proxy to the Faye server.
In the server block, we describe the following location.
location /faye {
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_pass https://127.0.0.1:9292;
proxy_http_version 1.1;
proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
break;
}
We restart Nginx and if everything is configured correctly, we can establish a client-server connection and subscribe to the channel.
var faye = new Faye.Client("https://example.com/faye");
faye.subscribe("/events", function(data) {
alert(data)
});
Sending Messages from Rails
To send, you need to make a request to the Faye server with the channel and message. When using SSL, the following method is used for this:
/*
channel канал сообщений
data данные в json формате
*/
def broadcast(channel, data)
url = URI.parse("https://localhost:9292/faye")
form = Net::HTTP::Post.new(url.path.empty? ? '/' : url.path)
form.set_form_data(:message => {:channel => channel, :data => data }.to_json)
http = Net::HTTP.new(url.host, url.port)
http.use_ssl = url.scheme == "https"
http.verify_mode = OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_NONE
http.start {|h| h.request(form)}
end
As a result, we have a fully configured and working messaging system with the client.
The Staply project uses this technology for its intended purpose, for exchanging messages between users.
I did not describe an important security topic, but this is a completely different story.
Thanks for attention.
Also popular now: | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Lyft’s monthly subscription plan is expanding — and now has a waitlist
Lyft is making moves to expand its monthly subscription plans nationwide, announcing a waitlist for riders who are interested in paying a flat monthly fee for discounted ride-hailing trips. Lyft will send out invites to select passengers to join a new waitlist for the next wave of “All-Access Plans” the company is testing, a spokesperson said. Those interested in joining the plan would pay $200 upfront for $15 off 30 rides. So any ride $15 or less is free, and for rides over $15, passengers pay the difference. Starting today, Lyft users in major cities will see a message to join the waitlist when they open the app. If they agree, they are given more information about the details of the plan, including a note that says they won’t be charged just by reserving a spot. Lyft began testing the new service earlier this year. At the time, the company offered a range of variably priced plans in an effort to find the sweet spot for high-frequency users interested in paying an upfront fee for dozens of rides. Prices ranged as high as $450 and as low as $199, so the final plan appears to have landed at that lower range figure. Lyft is framing its All-Access Plan as a way to ween American consumers off of car ownership. Today the ridesharing market makes up less than 0.5 percent of all vehicle miles traveled, but Lyft insists that in 20 years that stat will be over 80 percent. The company likens it to the shift to subscription services in the music and TV industries spearheaded by Spotify and Netflix. Lyft CEO Logan Green mentioned these subscription plans were the future of his company back in March to announce a partnership with auto parts producer Magna to build self-driving cars. “We are going to move the entire industry from one based on ownership to one based on subscription,” he said. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Exclusive: Tri Pointe in advanced talks to buy Weyerhaeuser home unit - sources | Business | Reuters
4 Min Read NEW YORK (Reuters) - Tri Pointe Homes Inc (TPH.N), a homebuilder backed by Barry Sternlicht's Starwood Capital Group LLC, is in advanced talks to buy Weyerhaeuser Co's (WY.N) homebuilding division for about $2.7 billion, according to people familiar with the matter. Weyerhaeuser, which announced in June it was reviewing strategic options for the homebuilding and real estate development unit, is trying to finalize a sale to Tri Pointe as soon as in the next two weeks, the people said on Monday. Under the proposed terms of a deal, the two companies are using a structure known as Reverse Morris Trust - a transaction that allows a parent company to sell its subsidiary in a tax-efficient manner, the people said. Shares of Tri Pointe surged as much as 12 percent after Reuters reported the talks on Monday, and ended up 5.8 percent at $14.89 on the New York Stock Exchange. Weyerhaeuser shares ended flat at $30.09. Discussions with Tri Pointe are still continuing, and the outcome may yet change as other homebuilders remain interested in buying the Weyerhaeuser unit, cautioned the people, who asked not to be named because the matter is confidential. Taylor Morrison Home Corp (TMHC.N) and Brookfield Residential Properties Inc, the land developer controlled by Brookfield Asset Management (BAMa.TO), are among the companies that have also been in talks with Weyerhaeuser about buying the division, the people said. Representatives for Weyerhaeuser, Starwood Capital and Brookfield declined to comment. Tri Pointe and Taylor Morrison did not respond to requests for comment. The so-called Reverse Morris Trust structure is used when a parent company has a subsidiary that it wants to sell without paying tax. That subsidiary will usually have a bigger market capitalization than the company it wants to merge with, and its shareholders would own more than 50 percent of the combined entity. For example, Tri Pointe has a market capitalization of just over $450 million - far smaller than the roughly $2.7 billion expected valuation of the Weyerhaeuser unit. Tri Pointe went public in January, one of the first U.S. homebuilders to do so in almost a decade as the housing sector rebounds from the trough of the financial crisis on the back of low mortgage rates and rising prices. Fellow homebuilder Taylor Morrison, whose owners include private equity firms TPG Capital and Oaktree Capital Management LP, also went public in April. Irvine, California-based Tri Pointe, led by Chief Executive Douglas Bauer, builds houses in California and Colorado. Barry Sternlicht, whose Starwood owns a large stake in the company, is chairman of Tri Pointe. Timber conglomerate Weyerhaeuser said in June it was considering a range of alternatives for Weyerhaeuser Real Estate Company (WRECO), including whether to continue to hold it, or a merger, sale or spin-off. It said the business is one of the 20 largest homebuilders in the United States, and that the improving fundamentals of the housing market make it a prudent time to explore strategic alternatives for the business. The Weyerhaeuser unit's biggest brand is Pardee Homes, which builds houses in Southern California and Las Vegas. Its other brands include Trendmaker Homes in Texas and Maracay Homes in Arizona. Weyerhaeuser, based in Federal Way, Washington, for several years has pared its business lines to focus on its timber business. In 2006, Weyerhaeuser used a Reverse Morris Trust structure to exit another one of its businesses. It spun off its fine paper business to be combined with Domtar UFS.TO, a deal that left Weyerhaeuser stockholders with 55 percent ownership of the merged company. Reporting by Soyoung Kim in New York; Additional reporting by Greg Roumeliotis and Ilaina Jonas; Editing by Phil Berlowitz and Eric Walsh All quotes delayed a minimum of 15 minutes. See here for a complete list of exchanges and delays. 2017 Reuters. All Rights Reserved. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
BioScrip accounting review identifies 'internal control deficiencies' and 'material weakness'
BioScrip Inc. said Thursday that after a review of financial statements, it identified "internal control deficiencies" that may have led to potential financial statement errors. The stock edged up 0.3% in premarket trade. The deficiencies were in connection with reconciliations for certain asset and liability accounts. The provider of infusion and home care management services said the potential errors do not appear to be material, but the ongoing review may result in a delay in the filing of its Form 10-K annual report with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The company said it will report a "material weakness" related to certain spreadsheets used to calculate periodic adjustments to accounts, but it did not have any effect on 2017 financial statements. Separately, the company reported a fourth-quarter net loss that narrowed to $1.2 million from $5.2 million a year ago, and revenue of $182.6 million. The stock has run up 17.6% over the past three months, while the S&P 500 has gained 2.8%. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Talk:Denys Arcand
Untitled
Question: somebody has listed Arcand at List of famous gay, lesbian or bisexual people. I know that this article was also previously categorized as Category:Gay, lesbian or bisexual people, but the category's been removed since the last time I was here. The article makes no mention of this; in fact, it mentions that he's been married twice to women. I do realize that bisexuality does exist, being one myself and all, so I'm asking about it before taking any action: is there any supporting evidence to have Arcand listed as gay or bisexual, or should he be removed from that list? Bearcat 10:24, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)
Quebec a Nation ?
He finally earned from his own nation one of its highest distinction, the title of Knight of the National Order of Quebec, in 2000.
- Is this saying the the knighthood is from Canada or Quebec. Quebec is a province in the country of Canada. Although Ottawa was recognized Quebec as a distinct society it has never been recognised as a nation. I will change the text to read "his own province"
User:Dowew May 30th 2005.
* http://www.gg.ca/media/doc.asp?lang=e&DocID=4454 is saying that Arcand is a Commander Knight in the National Order of Quebec. Zscout370 (Sound Off) 7 July 2005 07:04 (UTC)
* The reason why the post nominal is C.Q. is the C is for chevalier, knight in French. Zscout370 (Sound Off) 7 July 2005 07:11 (UTC)
Yes
1) Let's not use a "bias" support on this one. The very American administrative secret files of the '80s were stating that Quebec qualifies as a Nation in all generally accepted definitions of a nation. It has a people from the same origin who share a common history, a common language, distinct culture and geographic boundaries. Not only does it qualify as a nation, in the view if the American international expert, it would form a viable, legitimate and respectable country.
One can read "Dans l'oeil de l'aigle", a book by university professor Jean-François Lisée for the complete story. Lisée got the files declassified after intensive request to FBI and CIA as I remember. Granted you can understand French he gives the whole story here.
2) Recently, the fact Quebec is a Nation was agreed in the very Canadian House of commons, and its prime minister, the conservative Mr Harper. Not to mention, on the other side of the spectrum, the NDP, the leftist party of Canada. Or the Bloc Québécois.
Oh and by the way, this article is really not very specific in term of the understanding of Arcand's style, esthetic origins, or lifelong ideological thread. I believe one could read the French version and work something from there.
No
Regardless of what any so-called American "expert" has to say about Québec's nationhood, you are wrong about the Parliamentary recognition of "Québec" as a nation. The recognition was that of the "Québécois" as a nation. Although the legal definition in Québec of Québécois is any resident of Québec, everyone (including Prime Minister Harper) knows that many people in Québec (especially anglophones and allophones) do not self-identify as such. The Québécois are, in plain speaking, an ethno-linguistic group which forms a majority in Québec. These people do not exercise some divine right to rule solely over the territory which forms province of Québec. The province does not belong to them only, whether or not their culture is closely tied to it. It belongs to everyone here, and to everyone in Canada (which is a nation, in which Québec takes part and to which Denys Arcand belongs). To say "honored by his own nation" as you have, after mentioning already that he was honored by Canada, makes it sound like Québec is his nation while Canada is not (which it clearly and factually is).
The word nation in this context in this article is a politically loaded buzzword which sparks too much debate for use in this article. I think it ought to be changed to something that none of us can deny; Québec is a Canadian province.
<IP_ADDRESS> 19:12, 22 February 2007 (UTC)
Lapsed Catholic
Is there a reference for Arcand being a Lapsed Catholic? Perhaps he is simply an agnostic or atheist, which in Catholic terminology is an apostate when the person is a former Catholic, not a lapsed Catholic. And if he isn't Catholic, then Catholic terminology is hardly relevant. We wouldn't write that he is a heretic of every other religion, would we? It would be far more useful to say that he grew up in a Catholic household but gave up the religion at some point, if that happens to be true. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:22, 13 May 2009 (UTC)
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Chiricahuia
Chiricahuia is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.
Species
* Chiricahuia cavicola Townsend, 1918
Distribution
United States. | WIKI |
Jack Hayes (footballer, born 1996)
Jack Hayes (born 6 March 1996) is a professional Australian rules footballer playing for the St Kilda Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). He was drafted as a 26-year-old in the 2022 Pre-Season Supplemental Selection Period.
Early life
Hayes is from South Australia and grew up supporting the Adelaide Crows. Hayes' brother Nick was a rookie-listed Brisbane Lions player from 2013-2014. Hayes played for South Australian side Woodville-West Torrens, winning the premiership in 2020. In 2021 Hayes captained the SA state team after being recognised as one of the most versatile and influential players in the SANFL, finished equal third in the Magarey Medal and won the Jack Oatey for best on ground in the grand final (polling 27 of a possible 27 votes) as Woodville-West Torrens claimed their second successive premiership. Hayes collected 26 disposals, nine marks, seven clearances, three tackles and a goal in the grand final win. Hayes also averaged just under 20 disposals, more than seven score involvements and a goal in the SANFL that season. Hayes also played alongside future St Kilda teammate Cooper Sharman. Hayes played over 100 games with the Eagles.
AFL career
In December 2021, Hayes was invited to train with AFL side St Kilda. Hayes played the second half in a practice match against Carlton in February 2022, playing as a forward/ruck. Hayes was formally acquired by the Saints as a rookie on 2 March 2022 as part of the Pre-Season Supplemental Selection Period.
Hayes made his senior debut against Collingwood in the first round of the 2022 AFL season, being named one of the best on ground after kicking 3 goals.
Statistics
Updated to the end of round 7, 2023.
! colspan=3| Career ! 5 !! 6 !! 1 !! 26 !! 34 !! 60 !! 23 !! 9 !! 13 !! 1.2 !! 0.2 !! 5.2 !! 6.8 !! 12.0 !! 4.6 !! 1.8 !! 2.6 !! 1
* 2022 || || 47
* 5 || 6 || 1 || 26 || 34 || 60 || 23 || 9 || 13 || 1.2 || 0.2 || 5.2 || 6.8 || 12.0 || 4.6 || 1.8 || 2.6 || 1
* 2023 || || 47
* 0 || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – ||
* - class="sortbottom"
* 0 || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – ||
* - class="sortbottom"
* }
Notes | WIKI |
Robert Noel Douglas
Robert Noel Douglas (Norwood Green, Middlesex 9 November 1868 – Colyton, Devon 27 February 1957) was an English first-class cricketer, teacher and priest.
He was the second son of Sir Robert Kennaway Douglas (1838–1913) and Rachel Charlotte Kirkby née Fenton (1842–1921).
He was educated at Dulwich and Selwyn College, Cambridge. He represented Cambridge University (three blues), Surrey and Middlesex as a right-handed batsman. His brothers A.P., James and Sholto also played first-class cricket.
In 1888 he was appointed Assistant Master at Dulwich College Preparatory School; then at Uppingham School, 1892; and House Master there, 1904. Head Master of Giggleswick School, 1910-31. He left teaching and was ordained deacon in Exeter in 1931; and priest in 1932 appointed curate of Farway with Northleigh and Southleigh, Devon from 1931-6; and Rector there from 1936.
In 1904 married Caroline Marie Augusta David (1871–1923), daughter of (Peter Julius) Paul David (1841–1932), the Director of Music at Uppingham School. | WIKI |
Appendix talk:Greek number and measurement
Greek numeral sign
Adding articles with greek letters plus the sign is like adding articles with all numbers plus "h." (for hour) or "e" with all existing numbers as exponent. The fact that there is a limited number of greek letters does not candidate them for creation of such pages lemmas. It just make them candidates for "table'ing" them in Appendixes or Indexes. --Xoristzatziki (talk) 06:03, 10 September 2014 (UTC)
* It's closer to writing pages for all numbers plus another set for the numbers plus #, but the basic point is sound. — Llywelyn II 09:18, 15 October 2014 (UTC)
Greek numerals
were previously written as lowercase letters... with overbars and at a time when the entire alphabet was miniscule. The present usage is almost always with capital letters. — Llywelyn II 09:18, 15 October 2014 (UTC)
* Done! — Saltmarsh απάντηση 06:54, 17 November 2014 (UTC) | WIKI |
Halin, Somaliland
Halin (Xalin) is a town in the Sool region of Somaliland. It was the headquarters of the Dervish movement during 1903–1904.
Government
Traditional councils of elders and village assemblies are responsible for administration, and village chiefs are also nominated by councils of elders and assemblies. No elections are held.
The legal system is customary law based on Sharia.
Demographics
The town is inhabited by the Dhulbahante clan of the Harti sub-division of Darod. It is primarily settled by the Nur Ahmed sub-lineage of the Ugadhyahan Siyad-Mohamoud Garad sub-division of the Dhulbahante.
Environment
Unusually for the Sool region, Halin has a year-round river.
Annual precipitation is around 100 to 200 millimeters and is subject to frequent droughts.
A legume called Garanwaa, Prosopis juliflora, is under threat as an invasive species.
Economic
In the past, date palm, sugarcane, and other crops were cultivated and cattle were raised, but the legume Garanwaa, an invasive species, has become a weed, and both crops and pastures have suffered greatly.
Mainly shipped to Qardho, Garowe and other cities in Puntland, as well as to Somaliland and central Somalia.
According to 2019 reports, tomatoes, onions, peppers, lettuce, and cabbage are grown. Residents responding to the report had a monthly income of $160.
Education
The village has a primary and intermediate school, where about 40 percent of the students are women. It is funded by the diaspora. There is no secondary school in the village, and most families complete their education in intermediate school because they do not have the money to send their children to secondary school in the city.
Medical
There are no medical facilities in the village, the closest being the hospital in Las Anod. Pregnant women in particular are often at risk.
History
Harin is an old settlement and was one of the strongholds of Mohammed Abdullah Hassan when he revolted against the British in the early 20th century.
From 1963 until the beginning of the Somali Civil War (c. 1990), there was a date palm agricultural cooperative and the administrative structure was more developed than in surrounding pastoral villages. 800-100 kg of sugar was produced annually in the 1980s.
In December 2013, residents of Halin were evacuated to avoid fighting between the Khatumo State and Somaliland.
The drought that occurred from 2015 to 2017 caused significant damage.
In August 2017, Somaliland election officials were injured during a visit to the Halin district.
In May 2019, heavy rains caused extensive damage to the Harin district. | WIKI |
Page:1902 Encyclopædia Britannica - Volume 27 - CHI-ELD.pdf/97
CHRONOLOG ICAL ence to Africa signed in Paris, August 5. Heligoland formallytransferred to Germany, August 9. Death of Cardinal Newman, August 12 (born, 1801). Death of M. Chatrian, September 3 (born, 1821)). Revolution in Manipur, September 21. M'Kinley Tariff Bill became law, October 1. Death of Sir Richard Burton, October 20 (born, 1821). Constitution of West Australia proclaimed, October 22. Financial crisis in London ; suspension of Baring Brothers averted by the help of the Bank of England and leading financial houses, November 14, 15. Decree in the divorce suit of O’Shea v. O’Shea and Parnell, November 17. Judgment by the Archbishop of Canterbury in the Bishop of Lincoln’s case, November 21. Death of King William III. of the Netherlands, November 23 (born, 1817). Letter from Mr Gladstone to Mr John Morley regarding Mr Parnell’s leadership of the Irish party, November 24. Disruption of the Irish parliamentary party, December 6. Arrival of the Cesarevitch at Bombay, December 24. Death of Dr Schliemann, December 27 (born, 1822). Death of Octave Feuillet, December 29 (aged 70). 1891. Death of A. W. Kinglake, January 2 (aged 79). Naval revolt in Chile against President Balmaceda, January 7. Death of Charles Bradlaugh, January 27 (born, 1833). Death of Meissonier, January 31 (aged 75). Death of General Sherman, February 14 (born, 1820). Tokar captured by Egyptian troops, February 19. Successes of Chilian insurgents, February 15-20. Australasian Federal Convention at Sydney opened, March 2. Death of Dr Windthorst, March 14. Reverse to British troops in Manipur, March 25. Boer trek into Mashonaland stopped, April 22. Death of Field-Marshal Count von Moltke, April 24. Manipur occupied by British expedition, April 27. Death of Sir J. Macdonald, June 6 (born, 1815). Anglo-Portuguese treaty with reference to East Africa signed at Lisbon, June 11. Regent and Senaputty of Manipur found guilty of waging war against the Queen, June 20. Triple Alliance renewed for six years, June 28. Arrival of the German Emperor and Empress in England, July 4. Free Education Bill read a third time in the Commons, July 8. Yisit of the French fleet to Kronstadt, July 23. Death of J. R. Lowell, August 12 (born, 1819). Execution of the Senaputty of Manipur, August 13. Arrival of French squadron at Spithead, August 19. Capture by Chilian insurgents of Valparaiso, August 27, and Santiago, August 31. Death of ex-President Grevy, September 9 (born, 1807). Suicide of ex-President Balmaceda, September 19. Suicide of General Boulanger, September 30 (born, 1837). Meeting of the National Liberal Federation at Newcastle-on-Tyne, October 1. Death of Mr W. H. Smith, October 6 (born, 1825). Death of Mr C. S. Parnell, October 6 (born, 1846). Mr A. J. Balfour becomes leader of the House of Commons, October 15. Severe •earthquake in Japan, October 28. Death of the Earl of Lytton, November 24 (born, 1831). Mongolian rebels defeated by Chinese, December 5. Betrothal of the Duke of Clarence to Princess May of Teck announced, December 7. 1892. Death of the Khedive Tewfik, January 7 (born, 1852). Death of the Duke of Clarence, January 14 (born, 1864). Death of Cardinal Manning, January 14 (born, 1808). Death of Mr C. H. Spurgeon, January 31 (born, 1834). Death of Professor Freeman, March 16 (born, 1823). Death of Walt Whitman, March 26 (born, 1819). Bering Sea modus vivendi ratified, April 18. Ravachol, French dynamiter, condemned to penal servitude for life for murder and conspiracy, April 26. Terrible hurricane at Mauritius, April 29. Death of Lord Bramwell, May 9 (born, 1808). Irish Local Government Bill read a second time in the Commons, May 24 (abandoned, June 13). Durham miners’ dispute settled after lasting ninety days, June 1. Ravachol sentenced to death for murder, June 23. British Parliament dissolved, June 28. Great fire at St Johns, Newfoundland, July 8. Execution of Ravachol, July 11. Archbishop of Canterbury’s decision in Bishop of Lincoln’s case upheld by the Privy Council, August 2. Meeting of Parliament, August 4. Defeat of Lord Salisbury, August 11, Mr Gladstone forming a Liberal administration. Death of J. G. Whittier, September 7 (born, 1807). Failure of companies connected with the Liberator Building Society, September 8. Behanzin, King of Dahomey, defeated by the French under Colonel Dodds, October 4. Death of Lord Tennyson, October 6 (born, 1809). Lancashire cotton strike, October 5. Mr Cleveland, Democrat, elected President of the United States, October 8. Defeat of the French Ministry in connexion with the Panama scandals, November 21. Warrants issued for arrest of Panama directors, December 16. Death of Sir Richard Owen, December 18 (born, 1804). 1893. Khedive’s anti-British Ministers dismissed, January 17. MM. Lesseps sentenced for Panama frauds by Court of Appeal, February 9. Home Rule Bill introduced in the Commons, February 13. Death of John Pettie, R.A., February 21 (born, 1839). Death of M. Taine, March 5 (born, 1828). Death of M. Jules Ferry, March 17 (born, 1832). Sir G. Portal’s mission reaches Mengo (Uganda), March 17. Panama bribery trial concluded, March 21. Australian bank failures, April 4-May 9. Hull dock strike riots, April 5. Death of Lord Derby, April 11 (born, 1826).
TABLE
71
Serious earthquake in Zante, April 17. Home Rule Bill passed second reading, April 21. Chicago World’s Fair opened, May 1. Hull dock strike ended, May 19. Loss of H.M.S. Victoria, June 22. Nansen’s Polar expedition started, June 24. Indian legislation fixing value of rupee, June 26. Death of Guy de Maupassant, July 4 (aged 43). Marriage of the Duke of York, July 6. French ultimatum to Siam, July 20. Great colliery strike began, July 28. French ultimatum accepted by Siam, August 1. Bering Sea award delivered, August 15. Duke of Edinburgh succeeded to duchy of Coburg, August 22. Home Rule Bill read a third time in the Commons, September 1. Featherstone strike riot, September 7. Home Rule Bill rejected by the Lords, September 8. War with the Matabele begun, October 2. Sir M. Durand’s mission at Kabul, October 2. Death of Ford Madox Brown, October 6 (born, 1821). Russian fleet at Toulon, October 13. Death of Marshal MacMahon, October 17 (born, 1808). Death of M. Gounod, October 18 (born, 1818). Decisive victory over the Matabele, November 2. Death of Peter Tschaikowsky, November 4 (aged 53). Coal strike ended, November 17. Death of Prince Alexander of Bulgaria, November 17 (born, 1857). Major Wilson and thirty-four men pursuing Lo-Bengula surrounded and killed on Shangani river, December 3. Death of John Tyndall, December 4 (born, 1820). Bomb outrage in French Chamber by Vaillant, December 9. Death of Benjamin Jowett, December 12 (born, 1817). Collision between British and French troops at Waima, West Africa, December 23. Matabeleland thrown open to prospectors, December 25. Rio bombarded by Brazilian rebels, December 28. 1894. Manchester Ship Canal opened for traffic, January 1. Serious riots in Sicily, January 2. Death of M. Waddington, January 13 (born, 1826). Jabez Balfour arrested in Argentina, January 22. Death of Sir Gerald Portal, January 25 (born, 1858). Vaillant guillotined, February 5. Bomb outrage at Terminus Cafe, Paris, February 12. Anarchist killed in Greenwich Park by bomb explosion, February 15. Death of LoBengula, February 16. Resignation of Mr Gladstone, March 3, Lord Rosebery succeeding as Prime Minister. Bomb outrage at the Madeleine, Paris, March 15. Death of Louis Kossuth, March 20 (born, 1802). Bomb explosion at Cafe Foyot, Paris, April 4. Sir W. Harcourt’s Budget introduced, April 16. Violent earthquakes in Greece, April 21-27. Mr Coxey, United States labour leader, arrested at Washington, May 2. Finance Bill second reading, May 10. Chicago railway strike begun, May 11. Bomb explosion in the Avenue Kleber, Paris, May 11. Coup d'etat in Servia, May 20. Resignation of M. Stambuloff, May 29. Death of Lord Coleridge, June 14 (born, 1821). Attempt on Signor Crispi, June 16. British Protectorate of Uganda, June 19. Prince Edward of York born, June 23. Death of Mme. Alboni, June 23 (born, 1828). President Carnot assassinated by Caserio, June 24 (born, 1837). Coal strike in Scotland, June 26. M. Casimir-Perier elected President of the French Republic, June 27. Brazil rebels finally defeated, June 27. Inter-Colonial Conference at Ottawa, June 28. Tower Bridge opened, June 30. United States railway strike ended, July 13. Death of Leconte de Lisle,July 17 (aged 75). Finance Bill third reading, July 17. Transport Kowshing sunk by Japanese, July 25. War against China declared by Japan, August 1. Discovery of gold at Coolgardie, August 9. Lord Rayleigh’s paper on argon at the British Association, August 13. Caserio executed, August 16. New commercial treaty with Japan, August 25. Death of the Comte de Paris, September 8 (born, 1838). Death of Professor Helmholtz, September 8 (aged 73). Chinese 'defeated at Ping-yang (Korea) on land, and in the battle of the Yalu by sea, September 16. Death of Oliver Wendell Holmes, October 7 (born, 1809). Death of Earl Grey, October 9 (born, 1802). Death of J. A. Froude, October 20 (born, 1818). Scottish coal strike ended, October 22. Count von Caprivi resigned, October 26. Prince Hohenlohe appointed German Chancellor, October 30. Death of Tsar Alexander III., November 1 (born, 1845), succeeded by Nicholas II. Death of John Walter, of The Times, November 3 (born, 1818). Death of Anton Rubinstein, November 20 (born, 1829). Port Arthur captured by Japanese, November 21. Death of R. L. Stevenson, December 3 (born, 1850). Death of Ferdinand Lesseps, December 7 (born, 1805). Captain Dreyfus, of the French army, condemned for treason, December 22. Death of Christina Rossetti, December 29 (born, 1830). Plague epidemic in Hong-kong, May to August. Turkish outrages on Armenians in Sassun district. 1895. Captain Dreyfus degraded, January 4. President CasimirPerier resigns, January 15. M. F41ix Faure elected President, January 17. Death of Lord Randolph Churchill, January 24 (born, 1849). Death of M. de Giers, Russian Chancellor, January 26 (born, 1820), succeeded by Prince Lobanof, February 27. Death of Marshal Canrobert, January 28 (born, 1809). Japanese naval victory off Wei-hai-wei, February 4. Death of Archduke Albrecht of Austria, February 18 (born, 1817). Mr Stokes, an Englishman, hanged in Congo State by order of Captain Lothaire, | WIKI |
Howard Samuels
Howard Samuels may refer to:
* Howard C. Samuels (born 1952), American clinical psychologist
* Howard J. Samuels (1919–1984), American statesman, industrialist, civil rights activist and philanthropist
* Howard Samuels (actor), in The Nativity | WIKI |
Megyn Kelly's NBC morning debut delivers mixed ratings results | TheHill
Megyn Kelly's morning show debut delivered mixed ratings results for NBC on Monday. According to Nielsen fast affiliate ratings, "Megyn Kelly Today" registered 2.93 million viewers and 917,000 in the key 25-54 demographic that advertisers covet most. Compared to the same time slot in September 2016, Kelly finished 4 percent lower in total viewers. In the 25-54 demographic, the show was down by 11 percent. When breaking the numbers down by gender in the demographic, Kelly was down 15 percent among female viewers. Sept. 26, 2016, was the same day as the highly anticipated first presidential debate between Donald TrumpDonald John TrumpTrump pushes back on recent polling data, says internal numbers are 'strongest we've had so far' Illinois state lawmaker apologizes for photos depicting mock assassination of Trump Scaramucci assembling team of former Cabinet members to speak out against Trump MORE and Hillary ClintonHillary Diane Rodham ClintonTop Sanders adviser: Warren isn't competing for 'same pool of voters' Anti-Trump vets join Steyer group in pressing Democrats to impeach Trump Republicans plot comeback in New Jersey MORE from Hofstra University. The event would go on to be the most-watched debate in history, with 84 million people tuning in. Kelly did put up better numbers than the program that was shown in the 9 a.m. timeslot last Monday, with Kelly finishing up 12 percent in total viewers and 8 percent in the prime demographic. Kelly was signed in January by NBC after 13 years at Fox News for a reported $18 million per year. She replaced Al Roker and Tamron Hall's third hour of "Today," which was routinely the highest-rated program in its time slot. View the discussion thread. The Hill 1625 K Street, NW Suite 900 Washington DC 20006 | 202-628-8500 tel | 202-628-8503 fax The contents of this site are ©2019 Capitol Hill Publishing Corp., a subsidiary of News Communications, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Juan Garcia
Juan Garcia may refer to:
Arts and entertainment
* Juan García de Zéspedes (c. 1619–1678), Mexican composer
* Juan García de Salazar (c. 1639–1710), Spanish composer
* Juan Francisco García (composer) (1892–1974), Dominican Merengue musician
* Juan García Esquivel (1918–2002), Mexican band leader
* Juan García Larrondo (born 1965), Spanish playwright
* Juan Garcia (guitarist) (born 1966), American musician, guitarist for Los Angeles thrash-metallers Agent Steel and Evildead
* Juan Carlos García (actor) (born 1971), Venezuelan actor and model
* Juan Garcia (poet), 1990 Prix Alain-Grandbois
* Juan Garcia (actor), see the Star Trek: Voyager episode "Lineage"
* Juan García Cortes, fictional character in Grand Theft Auto: Vice City
Law and politics
* Juan García Gruber (1904–1997), Venezuelan writer and diplomat
* Juan García Ducós (fl. 1917–1928), Puerto Rican politician
* Juan Manuel García Passalacqua (1937–2010), Puerto Rican lawyer, politician, journalist
* Juan M. Garcia III (born 1966), American politician, Texas State Representative
* Juan Carlos García Padilla (born 1968), Puerto Rican politician and mayor of Coamo
Association football (soccer)
* Juan Enrique García (born 1970), Venezuelan football (soccer) player
* Juan Francisco García García (born 1976), Spanish football (soccer) player
* Juan Manuel García (Mexican footballer) (born 1980), Mexican footballer
* Juan Pablo García (born 1981), Mexican football (soccer) player
* Juan Carlos García (Mexican footballer) (born 1985), Mexican football defender
* Juan Ramón García (born 1987), Spanish footballer for Zamora CF
* Juan Carlos García (Honduran footballer) (1988–2018), Honduran football left back
* Juan Camilo García (born 1988), Colombian football midfielder
* Juan García (footballer, born 1991), Argentine football midfielder
* Juan Manuel García (Argentine footballer) (born 1992), Argentine footballer for Ferro Carril Oeste
Other sports
* Juan Jesús García (1905–1934), Spanish Olympic fencer
* Juan García (basketball) (1926–2003), Cuban basketball player
* Juan García (sport shooter) (born 1934), Spanish Olympic shooter
* Juan García Such (1937–2009), Spanish racing cyclist
* Juan García (hurdler) (born 1945), Cuban former hurdler
* Juan Manuel García (water polo) (born 1951), Mexican Olympic water polo player
* Juan García (equestrian) (born 1965), Spanish Olympic equestrian
* Juan Pablo García (racing driver) (born 1987), Mexican racing driver
* Juan Diego García López (born 2002), Mexican para taekwondo practitioner
* Juan García (volleyball), Mexican volleyball player, see 2008 Men's Pan-American Volleyball Cup squads
* Juan Alejandro García, Colombian road cyclist, see 2010 Vuelta a Colombia
Others
* Juan García (bishop) (died 1601), Spanish Roman Catholic bishop
* Juan García (privateer) (fl. 1622), Spanish privateer
* Juan García Oliver (1901–1980), Spanish (Catalan) anarchist
* Juan Pujol García (1912–1988), Spanish World War II spy
* Juan García Ábrego (born 1944), Mexican drug lord in the Gulf Cartel
* Juan Martin Garcia, (1980–2015), American executed for murder in Texas
* Juan García Postigo (born 1981), Spanish model and Mister World 2007
* Juan Elias Garcia (born 1993), Salvadoran-American on the FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list
Other uses
* Juan García (grape), a Spanish red grape variety | WIKI |
📢 This HIP is in the last call for review stage. The authors wish to finalize the HIP and appreciate feedback.
HIP-690: Identify Community Nodes in Address Book and Related API Source
AuthorKim Rader
Working GroupSimi Hunjan , Ali Katamjani
Discussions-Tohttps://github.com/hashgraph/hedera-improvement-proposal/discussions/691
StatusLast Call
Needs Council ApprovalYes
Review period endsMon, 27 Mar 2023 07:00:00 +0000
TypeStandards Track
CategoryCore
Created2023-03-01
Updated2023-03-16
Abstract
Add a property to the address book to indicate whether a node belongs to a council member or a community member. Update related protobuf message and mirror node response objects.
Motivation
As we begin onboarding node operators outside of council members as part of the community node project, there is a desire to be able to query using node Id whether a node is a community node or a council node.
This information is important to users when choosing a node to stake to. This information can be made available in Hashscan and then partners can expose this data when offering staking to customers. In order to support this, Mirror Node Explorer needs to reliably know which node is council or community, so they can expose this data. Although this can be done manually, it will be extremely hard to maintain as we grow community nodes, therefore we will need to define a systematic path to query if a node is community node or not.
Currently, council members have their accounts hardcoded. They need a way to rotate their account numbers. There is separate work going on to make that happen. Adding a community node flag is a required prerequisite.
Application developers need a way to know which nodes are council nodes vs community nodes so that they can identify these two types of nodes in applications.
Rationale
When Hedera begins allowing non-council members to run nodes, there will be more nodes coming online. This proposal seeks to provide a way to identify which nodes are council nodes and which are non-council (community) nodes.
Currently, each node has an address book configuration file which ties IP addresses to nodes and accounts to nodes. We propose a small addition to the address book to add a new property to indicate whether a given node is a council node or a community node. The information can then be read by outside applications via a small change to the mirror node API.
User stories
• As an application developer, I need a reliable way to know which nodes are council nodes vs. community nodes so that I can appropriately identify them in my application.
• As a developer for an application which supports staking, I want to be able to show my customers whether a node they are choosing to stake to is a council or a community node.
• Users might trust council operated nodes over community hosted nodes
• Today, we only have council nodes in the nodes page in the explorer
• After community nodes are added there is not an immediate way to tell the node operator type (community vs. council)
Specification
The proposal is to add a new property ownershipType in the nodeAddress object in the address book file. Possible values are COUNCIL=0 and COMMUNITY=1, defined in a new enumeration NodeOwnershipType. COUNCIL is the default value and indicates that the node belongs to a council member. COMMUNITY indicates that the node belongs to a community member. If omitted the property defaults to 0 (COUNCIL), ensuring backwards compatibility.
The nodeAddress protobuf definition requires a new property ownershipType to transmit this information.
/**
* The data about a node, including its service endpoints and the Hedera account to be paid for
* services provided by the node (that is, queries answered and transactions submitted.)
*
* If the <tt>serviceEndpoint</tt> list is not set, or empty, then the endpoint given by the
* (deprecated) <tt>ipAddress</tt> and <tt>portno</tt> fields should be used.
*
* All fields are populated in the 0.0.102 address book file while only fields that start with # are
* populated in the 0.0.101 address book file.
*/
message NodeAddress {
...
/**
* The ownership type of the node. Whether the node belongs to a council member or a community member.
* If not present, defaults to 0 (COUNCIL).
*/
NodeOwnershipType ownershipType = 11;
}
/**
* Ownership type of the node. Whether the node belongs to a council member or a community member.
*/
enum NodeOwnershipType {
COUNCIL = 0;
COMMUNITY = 1;
}
The mirrornode REST API will also expose this datum. The /api/v1/network/nodes endpoint currently returns an array of "nodes" objects. A new property ownership_type will be added to the "nodes" JSON response object. Available values for the ownership_type property are COUNCIL and COMMUNITY.
An example /api/v1/network/nodes message REST API response with the new property is shown below.
{
"nodes": [
{
"description": "address book 1",
"file_id": "0.0.102",
"max_stake": 50000,
"memo": "0.0.4",
"min_stake": 1000,
"node_account_id": "0.0.4",
"node_cert_hash": "0x01d173753810c0aae794ba72d5443c292e9ff962b01046220dd99f5816422696e0569c977e2f169e1e5688afc8f4aa16",
"node_id": 1,
"ownership_type": "COUNCIL",
"public_key": "0x4a5ad514f0957fa170a676210c9bdbddf3bc9519702cf915fa6767a40463b96f",
"reward_rate_start": 1000000,
"service_endpoints": [
{
"ip_address_v4": "128.0.0.6",
"port": 50216
}
],
"stake": 20000,
"stake_not_rewarded": 19900,
"stake_rewarded": 100,
"staking_period": {
"from": "1655164800.000000000",
"to": "1655251200.000000000"
},
"timestamp": {
"from": "187654.000123457",
"to": null
}
}
],
"links": {
"next": null
}
}
Backwards Compatibility
If not present in the address book configuration, the ownershipType property defaults to COUNCIL = 0. This ensures full backwards compatibility.
Security Implications
The address book is stored in state in system files 0.0.101 and 0.0.102. If a malicious node operator changes its own copies of the file, then this will result in the malicious node getting an ISS. The remainder of the network will ignore this invalid file.
How to Teach This
• Hedera protobuf documentation
• Hedera Mirror Node documentation - description and code examples of queries in the REST API documentation
Rejected Ideas
If community node operator node account IDs are not part of the Hedera system accounts (entities under 0.0.1000) then the application could say all council nodes are node account IDs under 0.0.1000 and all node account IDs greater than 1000 are community nodes. This idea was discussed but rejected because there have been requests by council members to move to new account numbers above 0.0.1000 and not one of the accounts in the privileged range, making this idea not a viable long term solution.
Also discussed was the idea of adding a flag instead of an enumerated value. This was rejected because an enumerated value adds more flexibility in the future if we want to add more ownership types.
Open Issues
None.
References
Copyright/license
This document is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 – see LICENSE or (https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0)
Citation
Please cite this document as: | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Ruth Hadden Memorial Award
The Ruth Hadden Memorial Award is a former award for the best first novel published in Britain, which was administered by the Booktrust. It was awarded in the early 1990s and has now been discontinued.
The award was unusual in that the prize was awarded to a completed manuscript before acceptance by a publisher, and the prize money (in 1994, £2000) went to the publishers of the novel to spend on promoting it.
Winners
* 1991: The Last Room, by Elean Thomas
* 1992: Leaving the Light On, by Catherine Merriman
* 1993: In the Place of Fallen Leaves, by Tim Pears
* 1994: Pig, by Andrew Cowan | WIKI |
User:David Kernow/François-Marie Barthélemy
François-Marie, marquis de Barthélemy
http://www.archontology.org/nations/france/france_state1/barthelemy.php
François-Marie Barthélemy b. 20 Oct 1747, Aubagne, Bouches-du-Rhône d. 3 Apr 1830, Paris
Title: Membre du Directoire exécutif de la République française (Member of the Executive Directory of the French Republic)
Term: 26 May 1797 - 5 Sep 1797
Chronology: 24 May 1797, ten candidates for election of a member of the Directoire exécutif (Executive Directory) nominated by the Conseil des Cinq-Cents (Council of Five Hundred) and the list passed to the Conseil des Anciens (Council of Ancients) [1]
26 May 1797, elected and proclaimed member of the Executive Directory by the Council of Ancients, session of the Council, salle des Machines, Palais des Tuileries, Paris [2]
6 Jun 1797, installed as a member of the Directory, meeting of the Executive Directory, Palais du Luxembourg, Paris [3, vol II, p. 23], [4], [5] 5 Sep 1797, condemned to exile by Art. XIII of the Law on Public Salvation passed by the Council of Ancients [6] [7]; membership in the Directory implicitly revoked Names/titles: Comte Barthélemy, comte de l'Empire (count Barthélemy, as count of the Empire) [from 26 Apr 1808]; marquis de Barthélemy (marquis of Barthélemy) [from 2 May 1818] Biography:
Nephew of popular author and archaeologist Jean-Jacques Barthélemy, who helped him to receive a job in the foreign affairs department; served on diplomatic missions in Sweden, Switzerland and Great Britain; appointed minister to the Swiss cantons (1791-1797) and was instrumental in negotiating the Treaties of Basel (1795) with Prussia, Spain and Hessen; elected (26 May 1797) member of the Directoire exécutif (Executive Directory) to replace Étienne-François Le Tourneur; was a moderate democrat with royalist leanings, sided with of Lazare Carnot; arrested during the coup d'état of 18 Fructidor, Year V (4 Sep 1797); condemned to exile and expelled from the Directory (5 Sep 1797); deported to French Guiana, escaped to the United States and then moved to Great Britain; put on the lists of émigrés and could not return to France until the coup of 18 Brumaire (9 Nov 1799); during the Consulate was named a member of the Sénat conservateur (24 Jan 1800) and a commander in the Legion of Honor (2 Oct 1803); created count of the Empire (26 Apr 1808); as vice president of the Sénat, presided at the meeting of this body, which voted the deposition of Napoléon I (2 Apr 1814); went over to the Bourbons; appointed to the committee on drafting the Constitutional Charter (1814); created a peer of France (4 Jun 1814); after the second Restoration entered the Chambre des pairs (Chamber of Peers); appointed minister of state (5 Oct 1815) and created marquis (2 May 1818). Biography source: [6]
Sources and notes:
[1] Gazette nationale ou Le Moniteur universel, No. 249, 9 prairial an V.
[2] Bulletin des lois de la République, No. 124, pp. 15-16.
[3] Les procès-verbaux du Directoire exécutif, an V - an VIII. Inventaire des registres des delibérations et des minutes des arrêtés, lettres et actes du Directoire faisant suite au Recueil des actes du Directoire exécutif d'Antonin Debidour, ed. by Pierre-Dominique Cheynet (Paris: Centre historique des Archives nationales, 2000-).
[4] Gazette nationale ou Le Moniteur universel, No. 260, 20 prairial an VI.
[5] Neither the Constitution of the Year III, nor the Law of 30 floréal of the Year V provided a rule for determining the beginning of a director's term. Barthélemy, who was absent from France, could not be installed immediately upon his nomination (aussitôt après sa nomination) as required by the Law of 30 floréal.
[6] Corps législatif: Procès-verbal des séances du Conseil des Anciens (Paris: Imprimerie nationale), Fructidor, an V, p. 304.
[7] Bulletin des lois de la République, No. 142, p. 11.
[8] Dictionnaire des parlementaires français: depuis le 1er mai 1789 jusqu'au 1er mai 1889, ed. by Adolphe Robert, Edgar Bourloton, Gaston Cougny (Paris: Bourloton, 1889-1891).
Britannica 1911: http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/BAR_BEC/BARTHELEMY_FRANCOIS_MARQUIS_DE_.html
http://columbia.thefreedictionary.com/Barth%E9lemy,+Fran%E7ois,+marquis+de
Barthélemy, François, marquis de, 1747?–1830, French statesman. While minister to Switzerland, he negotiated the Treaties of Basel (1795), which took Prussia and Spain out of the French Revolutionary Wars. Elected to the Directory (1797)...
* Directory, group of five men who held the executive power in France according to the constitution of the year III (1795) of the French Revolution. They were chosen by the new legislature, by the Council of Five Hundred and the Council of Ancients; each year one director, chosen by lot, was to be replaced.
.....he was arrested in the coup of 18 Fructidor (Sept. 4, 1797)...
* Fructidor (frŭk`tĭdôr, Fr. früktēdôr`), 12th month of the French Revolutionary calendar. The coup of 18 Fructidor (Sept. 4, 1797), in which General Augereau was a key figure, annulled the previous elections and removed Lazare Carnot and François de Barthélemy from the Directory.
.....and was deported to French Guiana. He soon escaped, returned to France, and supported Napoleon. In 1814 he went over to the Bourbons, who raised him to the peerage. | WIKI |
AQA Information and Communication Technology/ICT5/Software
In ICT5, we cover evaluation of software.
It is performed as part of the Analysis stage of the IS lifecycle.
Software should be evaluated against evaluation criteria to see if it meets the requirements it is needed for.
* Functionality - does the software do what is required, and what we want it to do? (i.e., does it meet the specification)
* Performance - does it do it efficiently and quickly?
* Usability - can the software be used effectively by the intended end-user?
* Compatibility - can it co-exist and work alongside our existing software/can it import data from the software we're replacing?
* Robustness - is the software stable?
* User support - do we have people to turn to if it goes wrong?
* Resource requirements - does it run on our existing hardware? Can our staff be training to use it?
* Upgradability - can we continue to use it in the future?
* Cost - is it cheaper than the alternatives? Can we afford it?
* Vendor quality - what kind of reputation does the vendor have?
* Flexibility - can we alter it to do exactly what we want? (especially relevant for generic as opposed to bespoke software)
Benchmarking is a good way of discovering whether the software is suitable or not. You give each criterion a weight, and then each product being evaluated a score. You multiply the weight by the score and add up all the criteria for that product and the one with the highest total score wins.
Evaluation report
This is what should be written once evaluation is complete to be relayed back to the board of directors.
It should consist of the following sections:
* Introduction, who and why is the report being done?
* Methodology, how was the best software decided upon?
* Evaluation, an actual breakdown of each software package showing the results
* Recommendations, which product do the report writers think we should be investing in?
* Justification for this recommendation | WIKI |
factorial experiment
Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Legal, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia.
factorial experiment
an experiment in which all treatments are varied together rather than one at a time, so the effect of each or combinations of several can be isolated and measured.
factorial experiment
see factorial experiment.
factorial experiment design
a design for an experiment in which all levels of each controlled variable are included with all levels of the others.
References in periodicals archive ?
Experimental data of degraded grease at final series of factorial experiments (mean values of 2 repeated experiments) and the statistical model predictions are given in Table 1.
CONSTRUCTION OF px3x2 ASYMMETRICAL FACTORIAL EXPERIMENTS BY SARDANA AND DAS:
A requirement for factorial experiments is that each cell must have an equal number of observations (n's).
The error using an L8 Taguchi standard matrix instead of a full factorial experiment is less than 1%.
However, in the main factorial experiment, physicians were significantly less certain of the CHD diagnosis for female patients.
A complete 3 x 3 factorial experiment with 10 replicates per cell was conducted to evaluate the factors on the load resistance capability of T-shaped, end-to-face joint.
This simply amounts to studying a fraction of all possible combinations described by the complete factorial experiment.
To determine the effects of seed rate on yield components of three cultivars of rapeseed fall and planting them in the test treatments and variety, Factorial experiment in randomized complete block design in three replicates in which the seed rate in 3 levels: 10, 7, 4 Kg/ha in 3 levels and varieties, including goliath, Option 500, Hyola 308. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Prahlad Pandey
Prahlad Pandey is an Indian politician who is the spokesperson of the Madhya Pradesh wing of the Aam Aadmi Party (AAP, English: Common Man's Party). He has been active in mobilizing, organizing and building party cadre in Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Rajasthan.
Early life and education
Prahalad Pandey was born in the village of Rajapur located in the Satna District of Madhya Pradesh, India. He would walk a muddy road and swim across a river to attend school in town. In 2000, Pandey graduated in history, economics and political science from Govt JT College, Satna. In 2001, he received a Bachelor of Education from the Government College of Education in Dewas. In 2003, he received his post graduation in business economics from APS University Rewa. From 2003 to 2005, he taught in a government school in Satna. In 2006, he qualified for UGC-NET to teach economics. Between 2005 and 2009, he taught various disciplines of MBA courses at Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India (ICFAI) National College. Pandey travelled to Indore in 2009, and taught in some reputed business schools.
Activism and political career
In the 1998 assembly elections, Pandey and other village boys successfully convinced the villagers to abstain from voting. In 2001, he unsuccessfully fielded a people's candidate in the gram panchayat (village self-government) elections.
In September 2011, Pandey left his job and PhD studies to join India Against Corruption movement. During this time, he worked as visiting faculty, corporate trainer and magazine editor. He led the Lokpal Movement in Indore, where he fasted for five days and received written support from three members of parliament. The movement received help from Art of Living and Bharat Swabhiman Trust.
Pandey led a protest against Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan's alleged role in a coal scam. Arrested in the protest, Pandey refused bail and spent two days in jail.
Pandey is a founding member of the Aam Aadmi Party (AAP). In addition to his work in Madhya Pradesh, he played a pivotal role in the party's spread to Rajasthan and Maharashtra. He campaigned for the AAP for five months in Delhi and played an important role in the party's victory in the 2015 Delhi Legislative Assembly election. He is the party spokesperson in Madhya Pradesh and a member of the party's state executive and national council.
Pandey has presented papers in national and international seminars, including a Tedx Talk in 2011. He writes for news portals and has had articles published in Nai Duniya and Dainik Jagran.
Personal life
Pandey lives in Sudama Nagar Indore with his wife and son. Two police cases have been registered against him in relation to protests against Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister Chouhan. | WIKI |
Beach house
A beach house is a house on or near a beach, sometimes used as a vacation or second home for people who commute to the house on weekends or during vacation periods. Beach houses are often designed to weather the type of climate they are built in and the building materials and construction methods used in beach housing vary widely around the world. Beach houses require special paint to protect them from the salt water. If a property is built on sand, it needs foundation with special requirements.
Beach houses are often associated with beach gardens with a special planting and a particular type of leisure use. One of the most famous twentieth century beach gardens was constructed by Derek Jarman at Dungeness, England. It celebrated local materials, native plants and the openness of the site. Other beach gardens have tried to create an isolated microclimate. American architect Andrew Geller designed sculptural beach houses in the coastal regions of New England during the 1950s and 1960s. | WIKI |
Breachacha Castle
Breachacha Castle (also spelled Breacachadh) is either of two structures on the shore of Loch Breachacha, on the Inner Hebridean island of Coll, Scotland. The earlier (also called Old Breachacha Castle) is a 15th-century tower house that was a stronghold of the Macleans of Coll, the island having been granted to John Maclean in 1431. This castle was superseded by a new dwelling in 1750 (see below) but continued to be occupied for a time. It fell into a ruinous state only in the mid-19th century.
Work was performed in the 1930s to prevent further dilapidation. A retired Royal Engineer, Brig.-Gen. Ernest Moncrieff Paul (1864–1942), in 1933 obtained permission from Lyon King of Arms to take Stewart of Coll as his surname, and made Breachacha Castle his seat. The castle was restored to livable condition only in the 1960s, by Nicholas MacLean-Bristol and his wife Lavinia. It is a Category A listed building.
The Project Trust had the old castle as their original base until a custom built location on the west of the island was created in 1988.
The newer Breachacha Castle (also known as Breachacha House), which is also a Category A listed building, was constructed in the mid-18th century 140 m northwest of the old castle (56.5917°N, -6.6297°W). Samuel Johnson and James Boswell stayed at the newer castle on their tour of the Hebrides.
the newer castle is for sale as a listed property in need of great repair. | WIKI |
1964 Taiwanese local elections
Local elections were held in Taiwan on 26 April 1964, the fifth nation-wide elections in post-war Taiwan, electing all 21 mayors of cities and magistrates of counties with a four-year tenure. Fuchien Province, then under military administration, was not up for election.
This is the first local election since the leading liberal figures were detained after Lei Chen and others of the Free China Journal attempted to form an opposition party. The ruling Kuomintang (or nationalist, KMT) suffered minor defeat, losing two magisterial or mayoral seat while keeping 17. Taipei and Tainan were won by Tangwai candidates, while China Democratic Socialist Party (CDSP) and Young China Party (YCP) each secured one administrative division.
Summary
The list below shows the statistics of party membership of candidates standing in the election. Coloured box refers to the party membership of elected mayor or magistrate. Re-elected incumbents are: Lin Fan-wang (Keelung City), Peng Jui-lu (Hsinchu County), Lin Wei-kung (Miaoli County), Lu Shih-ming (Changhua County), Chen Chi-chuan (Kaohsiung City).
Taipei
Kuomintang was said to have been warned by the United States against manipulating the election, after the Korean April Revolution in 1960 which was sparked by rigged presidential election. Considering the support of Tangwai movement was also growing, the KMT decided to let Tangwai supervise the vote counting.
The KMT was divided over the endorsement as the incumbent Huang Chi-jui was briefly suspended from office for three years during fraud probe, later acquitted. Eventually former city councillor Chou Pai-lien (周百鍊) was nominated by the party.
For the Tangwai camp, former mayor Henry Kao, who withdrew at the last moment in the previous election, decided to run for the office again, citing the KMT's concession on counting supervision. However, the authorities bribed Kao's campaign team, including Huang Hsin-chieh, later leader of Tangwai movement, by offering a free tour to the south until the end of the election. Others in the team were rumoured to have turned against Kao.
Other than Kao, Chen Yi-sung (陳逸松) and Li Sheng-yuan (李鉎源) also registered as independent candidates, raising concern of vote spitting within Tangwai bloc planned by the KMT. Li, a suspected party agent later revealed by Kao's team, was even able to commemorate the February 28 uprising, a political taboo for the regime, further strengthening the accusation. Chen later wrote in his memoir that he ran in the election because Kao told him he is not planning to run for office and pledged to support his campaign. Another independent, Li Chien-sheng (李建生) who is a friend of Kao, joined the race only because Kao wanted to ensure all planned 550 polling stations could be supervised by Tangwai's volunteers, as each candidate can only send 292 personnel.
Regarded as one of the most competitive poll, Kuomintang launched an all-scale smear campaign against Kao through media and schools. Central Daily News, KMT's party media, reported scandals of Kao for days, but was seen as ineffective to hamper Kao.
On the voting day, electoral frauds were again suspected as vote counting briefly suspended. Members in Kao's team were also given torches in case the authorities created blackouts to stuff ballots.
As a result, Kao was again elected as the mayor of Taipei with 51% of votes, defeating KMT's Chou.
Taoyuan
Under rotating leadership between local factions of Taoyuan, Chen Chang-shou was nominated by the Kuomintang to hold the magisterial seat, while CDSP member Huang Yu-chiao (黃玉嬌) ran as an independent and was supported by Hakka constituents.
Despite Huang Yu-chiao presented evidence of electoral frauds, the judge declined to overturn the election result by claiming that the rigged votes could not impact the election result.
Changhua
Lu Shih-ming (呂世明) from KMT was endorsed by the party and the powerful local camp of "red faction". The rivalry "white faction" was indecisive on the representative after three successive heavyweights gave up in just three weeks, finally settled the matter by sending doctor Hung Tiao (洪挑). The unsuccessful negotiation brokered by the Kuomintang between the two camps paved way for one of the fiercest elections in Changhua's election.
Shih Hsi-hsun of the Tangwai, whose three magisterial bids all failed, supported his former rival Lu for re-election, which was believed to be decisive in his narrow victory but also infuriated the "white faction".
Yunlin
Wishing to discourage the local factions, Kuomintang nominated outsider Liao Chen-hsiang, a civil servant in Taiwan Government, in a surprise. While the public was unfamiliar Liao as he had long lived in Taipei, the local factions endorsed Lin Heng-sheng, secretary of incumbent Lin Chin-seng who was also chosen as the successor.
Lin, with quite a certain victory in hand, did not enter the race after persuaded by a third party, while Liao's father announced donating NT$1 million as scholarship as a show of willingness to serve Yunlin, which could be an act of electoral bribery. Running unopposed, Liao was successfully elected. Lin would succeed Liao nine years later.
Tainan
Initially three candidates seek KMT's nomination for the magisterial election: Liu Po-wen, an official in county government representing the "sea faction"; Liao Chien-ting, Speaker of the County Council from the "mountain faction"; Li Yao-chien, doctor and former party agent also from "mountain faction". Just before receiving the anticipated endorsement from the party, Liao received a threatening letter with a bullet, forcing him to withdraw. The party later agreed to an open competition between Liu and Li.
Although both supported by heavyweights (incumbent and former magistrate), with more political donation, Liu defeated Li, whose controversial background damaged his popularity, in a landslide. The new magistrate was attacked for allegedly lying his education history during and after election by Li, and was eventually resolved in court by ruling in favour of him.
In the middle of his term, Hsin Wen-bing intended to resign as he could not withstand Kuomintang's bureaucratic pressure, but was urged to stay on by the Taiwan Government. As the election approached, KMT favoured Hsin for re-election. Nevertheless, Hsin decided not to seek for another term after believing the political comeback of Tangwai's Yeh Ting-kuei is likely successfully.
Kuomintang reluctantly supported Provincial Councillor Huang Yeh (黃業) after multiple candidates declined to run. During election, Huang was engulfed in financial difficulties and was declared bankrupt, damaging his reputation. Yeh was elected with over 51% of votes, defeating the other three candidates, including CDSP's, and starting his third non-consecutive mayoral term.
Kaohsiung
Yu Teng-fa, who was elected in the last election as a Tangwai candidate, was ousted after he cut spending of local Kuomintang, and was barred from running again. He therefore supported his son Yu Jui-yen (余瑞言) in the election. Kuomintang again nominated Tai Liang-ching (戴良慶) to run. Tai captured 58% of votes and defeated inexperience Yu.
Pingtung
Kuomintang surprisingly nominated Chang Feng-hsu from the powerful "Chang faction", outgoing Provincial Councillor and son of inaugural magistrate Chang Shan-chung, breaking the precedence of nominating incumbent for re-election.
Tangwai movement endorsed County Councillor Huang Chen-san (黃振三) to challenge Chang, forcing the first competitive election in Pingtung. Huang, who also garner support from incumbent Lee Shih-chang and anti-Chang "Lin faction", gave much pressure to Chang Feng-hsu. As results showed, despite winning the election, Chang lost in nearly all towns except the strongholds in aboriginal settlements.
Taitung
Two potential candidates, Lin Shang-ying (林尚英) from "Wu faction" and Hsu Tien-chih (許添枝) from "Huang faction", but both withdrew as involved in separate criminal probes. The party lastly nominated township chief Chang Chen-hsiung (張振雄) who was unaffiliated to either faction. Huang Shun-hsing from Young China Party also ran in the poll with public's support.
Risking expulsion from KMT, Lin ran in the election and formed an alliance with Huang to protest against party's nomination. Huang was expected to revoke his registration, giving way to Lin and for himself to run in next year's provincial election. However, Lin's candidacy was rejected by the authorities as he was suspended pending investigation, becoming the only candidate failed the vetting in the local elections. Seen as a confrontation from the local party, the "Wu faction" turned against the party, while "Huang faction" also supported Huang Shun-hsing in low profile.
As all Kuomintang candidates were elected in the past Taitung elections, Chang was widely expected to assume office as the new magistrate, and neither he nor the local party pay much effort in campaign. However, in a huge setback for the KMT, Huang beat Chang by around 4,000 votes, or 6%.
By-elections
By-elections were held in Keelung and Nantou after two leaders died in office in 1965 and 1967 respectively. Kuomintang held the Nantou seat while flipping from CDSP in Keelung. | WIKI |
Talk:Mayank Anand
this page needs more information provided by reliable sources — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 14:37, 4 August 2014 (UTC)
hi guys how do i add an image there? says i have to be confirmed users group?
also if anyone cares to upload the image. just let me know. will send you the image | WIKI |
Understand The Three Doshas in Ayurveda: Vata, Pitta, and Kapha
Understand The Three Doshas in Ayurveda: Vata, Pitta, and Kapha
Ayurveda, the ancient Indian system of medicine, is based on the idea of maintaining the balance between the body, mind, and spirit. According to Ayurveda, there are three primary doshas or energies in the body – Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. Each of these doshas has its own unique qualities, and an imbalance in any of these doshas can lead to various health issues. In this article, we will discuss the three doshas in Ayurveda – Vata, Pitta, and Kapha.
The Three Doshas in Ayurveda
Ayurveda views the human body as a microcosm of the universe, and the three doshas are the energies that make up this universe. The doshas are present in varying degrees in every individual, and they are responsible for different bodily functions.
Vata Dosha
Vata Dosha in Ayurveda - Ashpveda
The Vata dosha is the energy that governs movement in the body. It is responsible for the movement of the muscles, tissues, and cells, as well as the circulation of blood and lymphatic fluids. Vata also governs the nervous system, and it is responsible for the flow of information between the brain and the body.
When Vata is in balance, it promotes creativity, flexibility, and vitality. However, an imbalance in Vata can lead to anxiety, restlessness, and insomnia. Other signs of an imbalanced Vata include dry skin, constipation, and joint pain.
Pitta Dosha
Pitta Dosha in Ayurveda - Ashpveda
The Pitta dosha is the energy that governs digestion and metabolism in the body. It is responsible for the breakdown of food and the conversion of nutrients into energy. Pitta also governs the production of hormones and enzymes, and it is responsible for maintaining body temperature.
When Pitta is in balance, it promotes intelligence, courage, and sharp memory. However, an imbalance in Pitta can lead to anger, irritability, and inflammation. Other signs of an imbalanced Pitta include heartburn, acne, and excessive sweating.
Kapha Dosha
Kapha Dosha in Ayurveda - Ashpveda
The Kapha dosha is the energy that governs structure and lubrication in the body. It is responsible for the strength of the bones, muscles, and tissues, as well as the hydration of the skin and the lubrication of the joints. Kapha also governs the immune system, and it is responsible for the body's ability to fight off diseases.
When Kapha is in balance, it promotes love, compassion, and stability. However, an imbalance in Kapha can lead to lethargy, depression, and weight gain. Other signs of an imbalanced Kapha include congestion, sinusitis, and excessive mucus production.
Ayurvedic Body Massage Oils
Signs of Imbalance in the Doshas
An imbalance in any of the doshas can lead to various health issues. Here are some signs of imbalanced Vata, Pitta, and Kapha doshas:
Imbalanced Vata
• Anxiety and fear
• Insomnia and restlessness
• Dry skin and hair
• Constipation and gas
• Joint pain and stiffness
Imbalanced Pitta
• Anger and irritability
• Heartburn and acid reflux
• Inflammation and skin rashes
• Excessive sweating and body odour
• Ulcers and digestive issues
Imbalanced Kapha
• Lethargy and depression
• Weight gain and obesity
• Excessive mucus production and congestion
• Sinusitis and allergies
• Slow digestion and sluggish metabolism
How To Balancing the Doshas
The key to maintaining good health in Ayurveda is to keep the three doshas in balance. Here are some tips for balancing the Vata, Pitta, and Kapha doshas:
Balancing Vata
• Stick to a regular routine and sleep schedule
• Practice yoga and meditation to calm the mind and body
• Eat warm, nourishing foods and avoid cold, dry, and raw foods
• Use warming herbs and spices such as ginger, cinnamon, and black pepper
• Stay hydrated by drinking warm liquids throughout the day
Balancing Pitta
• Avoid hot and spicy foods, alcohol, and caffeine
• Eat cooling foods such as fresh fruits and vegetables, especially leafy greens
• Practice relaxation techniques such as deep breathing and gentle yoga
• Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water and coconut water
• Use cooling herbs and spices such as coriander, fennel, and mint
Balancing Kapha
• Get regular exercise to stimulate the metabolism
• Eat light, dry, and warm foods and avoid heavy, oily, and cold foods
• Use warming herbs and spices such as ginger, cinnamon, and black pepper
• Practice invigorating yoga and breathing exercises
• Stay hydrated by drinking warm liquids throughout the day
Benefits & Uses Of Neem
Conclusion
Ayurveda recognizes the importance of maintaining balance in the body, mind, and spirit. The three doshas – Vata, Pitta, and Kapha – play a crucial role in this balance. By understanding the unique qualities of each dosha and taking steps to keep them in balance, we can achieve optimal health and well-being.
FAQs Related Doshas
1. What is Ayurveda?
Ayurveda is an ancient Indian system of medicine that emphasizes the importance of maintaining balance in the body, mind, and spirit.
2. What are the three doshas in Ayurveda?
The three doshas in Ayurveda are Vata, Pitta, and Kapha.
3. What are some signs of an imbalanced Vata dosha?
Signs of an imbalanced Vata dosha include anxiety, restlessness, dry skin, constipation, and joint pain.
4. How can I balance my Pitta dosha?
You can balance your Pitta dosha by avoiding hot and spicy foods, eating cooling foods, practising relaxation techniques, staying hydrated, and using cooling herbs and spices.
5. How can I balance my Kapha dosha?
You can balance your Kapha dosha by getting regular exercise, eating light and warm foods, using warming herbs and spices, practising invigorating yoga and breathing exercises, and staying hydrated. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:Karman chan/sandbox
Fluid Infusion is an open source software project that aims to develop and design “easy to use” and “easy to build” user interfaces. Infusion consists of the JavaScript Infusion Framework and a collection of ready-to-use Web components that are highly accessible, customizable and reusable. A growing number of production applications are using Infusion, such as CollectionSpace, uPortal, OER Commons, and the Global Public Inclusive Infrastructure.
Partners & Contributors
The Infusion Framework and components are designed and built by an international cross-disciplinary team of developers, designers and Web accessibility experts.
Infusion is part of Fluid, an open source software committee with the goal of “improving the user experience of community and open source web applications” Fluid is a project of the Inclusive Design Research Centre at OCAD University and funded by a grant from The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation.
List of current Fluid committers and contributors
Infusion JavaScript Framework
The Infusion Framework is an Inversion of Control-driven component system. It uses a Model-View architecture where the underlying models are transparent allowing users to take advantage of building their own UI components. Other features include backwards compatibility and multiple version support, full namespace support, workflow support, custom theme support, and A-Grade browser support. Infusion was also designed to complement and work alongside the jQuery toolkit.
Unlike other open source frameworks and components, the design of Infusion focuses on user-centered design, Web usability and Web accessibility. To date, all out-of-the-box components are fully keyboard accessible. Also, the Infusion Framework is extensively tested with adaptive technologies, such as a screen reader.
The Infusion Framework consists of three core modules: (1) Renderer, (2) Fluid Skinning System, and (3) Keyboard Accessibility Plugin.
Renderer
The Infusion Renderer module allows developers to create user interface templates in pure HTML and render the pages entirely on the client-side. The Renderer separates the Model and View through an internal component tree that is independent of the mark-up.
Fluid Skinning System
The Fluid Skinning System module is a modular CSS framework that allows styling content and layouts quickly and easily. The modular design allows developers to add, remove and mix classes.
Keyboard Accessibility Plugin
The Keyboard Accessibility Plugin module is a jQuery Keyboard Accessibility Plugin that makes it easy for developers to add keyboard handlers to their code.
Infusion Components
Infusion components are built on top of the Infusion Framework and developed with a combination of HTML, CSS and JavaScript. Some components contain subcomponents and some are standalone. By compartmentalizing the Infusion components, the developer has easier control of the behavior, styling and markup. Depending on the component, it can support: (1) Event, (2) Model, (3) View, and (4) Renderer.
The following are examples of this infrastructure:
(1) Event: An Event is an action that is triggered by the user or application. For example, the Uploader component triggers an afterUploadComplete event once a file upload has completed. Developers have the ability to attach a listener to this event that displays a message to users, such as an "Upload Complete" message.
(2) Model: A Model contains the logical structure of data and business rules. For example, in the Pager component, a Model allows users to break up long lists of items into separate pages, maintain the Model including what the current page is, show how many items are on each page, and display how the list is sorted.
(3) View: A View exposes the Model and the Event to the user through the user interface. In other words, a View represents the data output the user sees on screen. For example, in the Pager component, a View might contain a 'Next' button, which when the user selects, updates the screen with a new set of data.
(4) Renderer: A Renderer is like a View except it allows for a greater separation between the Model and the View. It allows data binding and creation of an HTML template. For example, if your UI allows users to select from a number of choices, your component tree will define the choices, but will be independent of whether the selection is rendered using checkboxes, a pull-down list, or another method.
Infusion components are assigned a production-level, preview-level or design-level status. Production-level status indicates a stable release that has been thoroughly tested for usability and accessibility and supports a wide range of Web browsers. Preview-level status indicates a component currently in development and supports a limited number of Web browsers. Design-level status indicates a component that has completed design but has not started development.
Simple Text Inline Edit
The Simple Text Inline Edit component allows the user to edit text directly on the page without the need to change screens. This component contains two subcomponents. The first subcomponent makes the input field editable (edit mode). The second subcomponent displays a hint/tooltip indicator (view mode).
Features :
* Switch to a text field by selecting the editable text area
* Display the original text in a text field when in edit mode
* Save text changes by deselecting the text field
* Support undo and redo
Reorderer Components
The Reorderer Component is a parent object with a collection of four types of reorderer components (List Reorderer, Grid Reorderer, Image Reorderer and Layout Reorderer). See below for details of each component.
List Reorderer
The List Reorderer component allows the user to reorder elements in a vertical or horizontal list with the mouse or keyboard.
Features :
* Drag-and-drop elements in a list to reorder the list
* Use the keyboard to reorder the list (e.g., arrow keys and Enter key)
* Configurable option to include numbering of list items
* Automatic renumbering of items as the list changes
* Customizable visual cues (e.g., selected item and pre-committed ordering)
Known issues:
* Component does not work well using a Mac keyboard.
Grid Reorderer
The Grid Reorderer component allows the user to reorder elements inside a structured grid (or table) containing rows and columns.
Features :
* Drag-and-drop elements in a list to reorder the list
* Use the keyboard to reorder the list (e.g., shortcut keys)
Image Reorderer
Similar to the Grid Reorderer Component, the Image Reorder component allows the user to reorder a collection of images.
Features :
* Drag-and-drop elements in a list to reorder the list
* Use the keyboard to reorder the list (e.g., shortcut keys)
* Screen reader support
* Screen magnifier support
* Low screen resolution support
* Linear layouts support
Layout Reorderer
The Layout Reorderer component allows the user to reorder the contents of a portlet or among several portlets in a portal interface.
Features :
* Drag-and-drop elements within the portlet or between portlets
* Keyboard navigation capabilities
* Configurable option to "lock" content
* Customizable drag handles
* Customizable colour contrast themes
Preview-Level Components
Preview-Level components are currently in development and have limited browser support.
User Interface Options
The User Interface Options component is a collection of presentation options that allows the user to personalize the Web page. This component comes with a built-in in-page preview, which allows the user to view the changes before applying it to the Web page.
Features :
* Change a Web page’s text size, text style, line spacing and color contrast
* Display a table of contents
* Automatically emphasize links (bold, larger font size and underline)
* Automatically make input features larger (buttons, drop down menu, text fields)
* Manage cookies
Uploader
The Uploader component allows the user to upload a file. This component contains several subcomponents: (1) a file queue view to allow the user to upload multiple files at once, (2) a total progress bar view to show the processing status, and (3) a file details view to show the filename and file size.
Features :
* Allows selecting multiple files in a single OS-specific file dialog
* Shows the selected files in a queue
* Allows adding or removing files from the queue
* Provides complete progress information as the files upload
* Shows whether the files have been uploaded successfully or not
* The user interface is completely customizable in HTML. With the exception being the OS specific file open dialog.
Progress
The Progress component is a progress bar that displays the progress of an operation. Progress information is displayed visually and textually (e.g., 88% complete). The Progress component can be used as a standalone component or integrated with other Infusion components, such as the Uploader control.
Features :
* Component is fully customizable
* Accessible with ARIA support
* Customizable hide and show animations
* Used as a standalone component or integrated with other Infusion components
Pager
The Pager component shows the user how many pages/items are left in a list of items. The component is fully customizable allowing the developer to control how items are displayed and the type of navigational features available to the user.
Features :
* Allow users to change the number of items shown per page
* Allow users to jump to the first, last, and the "middle" pages easily
* Allow users to jump to an item or a certain set of records (e.g. students with a last name starting with "L")
* Be aware of the length of list and do not display widget when there is only one page
* Show users how many items there are and where they are in the list (i.e. viewing 11 - 20 of 2,356)
* Remember users' paging settings and save it across visits to the site
Release History
The Infusion project started on May 20, 2007. The first version was released in 2009. According to GitHub, there are currently 27 contributors who are managing the code-base.
Browser Compatibility
As of version 1.4:
Mac OS X 10.6: * Safari 5 * Firefox
Windows XP: * Firefox * Internet Explorer 6 * Internet Explorer 7 * Internet Explorer 8 * Google Chrome
Windows 7: * Firefox * Internet Explorer 8 * Internet Explorer 9
Licensing
Fluid Infusion is released under the Educational Community License (ECL 2.0) and Berkeley Software Distribution License (BSD licenses).
Public Response
The User Interface Options component is a WAI-ARIA Enabled UI Options Plugin for WordPress. No ratings information available.
Further Readings
* Infusion
* Infusion Current Releases
* Infusion Licensing
* Infusion Documentation - API and Demos
* Infusion - How to Guides
* Fluid Project Blog
Related Tools
* Fluid
* Fluid Projects
* jQuery
* Mozilla Developer Network - Web applications and ARIA
* The Paciello Group - Popular JavaScript UI Libraries | WIKI |
-- Aussie, Kiwi Stem Weekly Losses on Bets Recent Declines Overdone
Australia ’s dollar maintained a gain
from yesterday against the greenback on speculation its loss
this week was excessive. The Aussie held its climb above 90 U.S. cents after dipping
to 89.32 yesterday, the lowest in two weeks. Declines have been
fueled by increasing bets the U.S. Federal Reserve will next
month start paring back stimulus that has supported asset prices
around the world. The New Zealand dollar halted a four-day slide
that pushed it to a two-week low yesterday. “I would say fair value is around these levels, and I
expect Aussie to trade between 88 and 92 U.S. cents for the next
little while,” said Chris Weston , chief market strategist at IG
Markets Ltd. in Melbourne . “We could see a bit of upside as
people cover shorts. Positioning is still extreme in the
Australian dollar.” A short position is a wager an asset’s
price will fall. Australia’s currency was little changed at 90.12 U.S. cents
as of 10:12 a.m. in Sydney from yesterday. The currency has
fallen 2 percent this week. One-month volatility rose two basis
points to 12.52 percent, after reaching 12.71 percent on Aug.
21, the most since Aug. 5. New Zealand’s dollar was unchanged at 78.30 U.S. cents from
yesterday, when it touched 78.04, the weakest since Aug. 5. It
has dropped 3.4 percent since Aug. 16, set for the biggest
weekly loss since June. Traders trimmed record positions betting on declines in the
Aussie versus the U.S. dollar , figures from the Washington-based
Commodity Futures Trading Commission showed. The difference in
the number of wagers by hedge funds and other large speculators
on a drop compared with those on a gain -- so-called net shorts
-- was 62,721 as of Aug. 13, compared with an all-time high of
76,779 a week earlier. To contact the reporter on this story:
Kevin Buckland in Tokyo at
kbuckland1@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Rocky Swift at
rswift5@bloomberg.net | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Uterine fibroids Sugarland, TX
What are uterine fibroids?
Uterine fibroids are benign (not cancer) growths that develop from the muscle tissue of the uterus. They also are called leiomyomas or myomas. They are the most common type of growth found in a woman’s pelvis.
Are there different types of fibroids?
The size, shape, and location of fibroids can vary greatly. They may be inside the uterus, on its outer surface or within its wall, or attached to it by a stem-like structure.
Fibroids can range in size from small, pea-sized growths to large, round ones that may be more than 5 to 6 inches wide. As they grow, they can distort the inside as well as the outside of the uterus. Sometimes fibroids grow large enough to completely fill the pelvis or abdomen.
There may be only one fibroid or many of varying sizes. A fibroid may remain very small for a long time and suddenly grow rapidly, or grow slowly over a number of years.
Who is most likely to have fibroids?
Fibroids are most common in women age 30 to 40, but they can occur at any age. Fibroids occur more often in Black women than in White women. They also seem to occur at a younger age and grow more quickly in Black women. These differences may be due to racism and inequities in society, which can increase the risk of health problems. Also, fibroids may run in families, so a family history of fibroids may be a factor as well.
What causes fibroids?
It is not clear what causes fibroids. Some research suggests that they develop from misplaced cells that are in the body before birth. The female hormones estrogen and progesterone appear to be involved in their growth.
Levels of these hormones can increase or decrease throughout your life. For example, menopause causes a decrease in estrogen. Fibroids often shrink when a woman enters menopause. Hormonal medications that contain estrogen, such as birth control pills, may cause fibroids to grow.
What are symptoms of fibroids?
• Changes in menstruation
• Longer, more frequent, or heavy menstrual periods
• Menstrual pain (cramps)
• Vaginal bleeding at times other than menstruation
• Anemia (from blood loss)
• Pain
• In the abdomen or lower back (often dull, heavy and aching, but may be sharp)
• During sex
• Pressure
• Difficulty urinating or frequent urination
• Constipation, rectal pain, or difficult bowel movements
• Abdominal cramps
• Enlarged uterus and abdomen
• Miscarriages
• Infertility
Sometimes fibroids cause no symptoms at all. Fibroids may be found during a routine pelvic exam or during tests for other problems.
What complications can occur with fibroids?
Most fibroids do not cause problems, but there can be complications. Fibroids that are attached to the uterus by a stem may twist and can cause pain, nausea, or fever. Fibroids that grow rapidly, or those that start breaking down, may also cause pain. Rarely, they can be associated with cancer.
A very large fibroid may cause swelling of the abdomen. This swelling can make it hard to do a thorough pelvic exam.
Fibroids may cause infertility, although other causes are more common. Other factors should be explored before fibroids are considered the cause of infertility. When fibroids are thought to be a cause, many women are able to get pregnant after they are treated.
How are fibroids diagnosed?
The first signs of fibroids may be found during a routine pelvic exam. A number of tests may show more information about fibroids:
• An ultrasound exam uses sound waves to create a picture of the uterus and other pelvic organs.
• Hysteroscopy uses a thin device (the hysteroscope) to see the inside of the uterus. It is inserted through the vagina and cervix (opening of the uterus). This lets your health care professional see fibroids inside the uterine cavity.
• Laparoscopy uses a thin device (the laparoscope) to help your health care professional see the inside of the abdomen. It is inserted through a small cut just below or through the belly button. Fibroids on the outside of the uterus can be seen with the laparoscope.
Imaging tests, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scans, may be used but are rarely needed. Some of these tests may be used to track the growth of fibroids over time.
Do You need Uterine fibroid treatment in Sugar Land
Fibroids that do not cause symptoms, are small, or occur in a woman who is nearing menopause often do not require treatment. Certain signs and symptoms may signal the need for treatment:
• Heavy or painful menstrual periods that cause anemia or that disrupt your normal activities
• Bleeding between periods
• Uncertainty whether the growth is a fibroid or another type of tumor, such as an ovarian tumor
• Rapid increase in growth of the fibroid
• Infertility
• Pelvic pain
There are many treatment options for fibroids. The choice of treatment depends on factors such as your own wishes and the size and location of the fibroids.
Can Medication Offer Sugar Land Uterine Fibroid Solutions
Medications are an option for some women with fibroids. Medications may reduce the heavy bleeding and painful periods that fibroids sometimes cause. They may not prevent the growth of fibroids. Surgery often is needed later. Treatment with medications includes the following options:
• Birth control pills and other types of hormonal birth control methods
• Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists—These medications stop the menstrual cycle and can shrink fibroids. They are sometimes used before surgery to reduce the risk of bleeding. GnRH agonists have many side effects, including bone loss, osteoporosis, vaginal dryness, and night sweats. After a woman stops taking a GnRH agonist, her fibroids usually return to their previous size.
• GnRH antagonists with hormonal add-back therapy—These medications can be used to treat heavy bleeding for up to 2 years. They do not shrink fibroids. Hormonal medication (add-back therapy) helps reduce side effects, including hot flashes and bone loss.
• Progestin-releasing intrauterine device (IUD)—This option is for women with fibroids that do not distort the inside of the uterus. It reduces heavy and painful bleeding but does not treat the fibroids themselves.
• Tranexamic acid—This medication is used to treat heavy bleeding. It reduces the blood lost during your period, but does not stop your periods.
Many other medications are being studied for the treatment of fibroids.
What types of surgery may be done to treat fibroids?
Myomectomy is the surgical removal of fibroids while leaving the uterus in place. Fibroids do not regrow after surgery, but new fibroids may develop. If they do, more surgery may be needed.
Because you keep your uterus, you may still be able to have children after a myomectomy. But sometimes a myomectomy causes internal scarring that can lead to infertility. If you do get pregnant after a myomectomy, you may need to have a cesarean birth.
Hysterectomy is the removal of the uterus. The ovaries may or may not be removed. Hysterectomy is done when other treatments have not worked or are not possible or the fibroids are very large. You are no longer able to have children after having a hysterectomy.
How is myomectomy done?
The method used depends on the location and size of the fibroids. In laparotomy, an incision (cut) is made in the abdomen. The fibroids are removed through the incision. In laparoscopy, a laparoscope is used to view the inside of the pelvis. Other tools are inserted through another small incision to remove the fibroids.
Hysteroscopy can be used to remove fibroids that protrude into the cavity of the uterus. A resectoscope is inserted through the hysteroscope. The resectoscope destroys fibroids with electricity or a laser beam. Although it cannot remove fibroids deep in the walls of the uterus, it can often control the bleeding these fibroids cause. In most cases, an overnight stay in the hospital is not necessary.
Myomectomy has risks, including bleeding and infection. Hysteroscopy may cause other problems related to the use of fluid during the procedure. Your health care professional can explain all of the risks to you.
How is hysterectomy done?
In a hysterectomy, the uterus may be removed through a cut in the abdomen or through the vagina. The method used depends on the size of the fibroids.
For pain relief, you may be given general anesthesia, which puts you to sleep, or regional anesthesia, which blocks feeling in the lower part of your body. You may need to stay in the hospital for a few days after this procedure.
Are there other treatments besides medication and surgery?
Other treatment options include the following:
• Uterine artery embolization (UAE)—In this procedure, tiny particles (about the size of grains of sand) are injected into the blood vessels that lead to the uterus. The particles cut off the blood flow to the fibroid and cause it to shrink. UAE can be done as an outpatient procedure in most cases. The effect of UAE on future pregnancies is not clear.
• Radiofrequency ablation (RFA)—This procedure uses energy and heat to shrink the size of fibroids. RFA can be done with laparoscopy, which involves only small incisions. An ultrasound probe and a laparoscope are inserted into the abdomen to help find the fibroids. Then thin needles are inserted through the abdomen into the fibroids, to heat and destroy the fibroid tissue.
Why Choose Our Fibroid Specialist in Sugarland?
Choose our Sugar Land fibroid specialist for personalized care using cutting-edge techniques. We prioritize your comfort, offering minimally invasive treatments that ensure faster recovery and lasting relief. If you are ready to take control of your uterine fibroids? Contact us at Sugar Land Advanced OB/GYN Center today at (281) 322-2222 for expert care and solutions! Your journey to relief starts now. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Deep Vein Thrombosis
0
479
* Phlebitis is deep vein thrombosis; in the lower limb, it is constantly occlusive.
* Some medical causes cirrhosis (antithrombin III deficiency, protein C or S). Lupus (antiphospholipid syndrome, lupus anticoagulant) Behcet’s disease; hiatal hernia and uterine fibroids with bleeding Minimum => hypercoagulable state.
* Placard sign: high temperature and pulse.
* Diagnostic strategy: it takes into account the clinical probability of phlebitis and uses two diagnostic tests: Venous ultrasonography and measurement of D-dimer.
* The fundamental sign sought by the Doppler ultrasound is the loss of compressibility. This exam is especially effective for femoral and popliteal thrombosis.
* The measurement of D-dimer is by ELISA; this test at a very high negative predictive value.
* The venography can be done in case of discrepancy between positive and negative D-dimer Ultrasound
* Phlematia alba dolens: this late stage of the evolutionary phlebitis; general signs are constant (high fever, leukocytosis, VS ++). Local signs are major (white swelling, hard, hot, deformed leg, not pitting).
Total functional impairment.
Deep vein thrombosis
Deep vein thrombosis
* Phlegmasia coerulea: sudden onset, flu-embolic, it combines phlebitis arterial ischemia by arterial compression due to edema or no spasm. It complicates phlebitis haires (iliofemoral) the member is oedematous, cold, cyanotic and peripheral pulses are absent. Pulmonary embolism are common.
* In case of superficial phlebitis treatment is only local (NSAIDs).
* Parade Syndrome costoclavicular => phlebitis of the upper limb.
* LMWH is the cure benchmark emergency (100 IU / Kg morning and evening if Lovenox)
* The vitamin K are begun are started from day to keep the average duration of heparin therapy and prevent thrombocytopenia. (Duration: minimum 3 months
* LMWH is stopped when the INR is between 2 and 3.
* Thrombolysis is a possible indication of phlegmasia coerulea.
* Partial obstruction of the vena cava filter by -> discuss if extensive proximal thrombosis with floating clot despite adequate treatment; recurrent pulmonary embolism despite adequate treatment; of recurrent pulmonary embolism;or pulmonary embolism with against-indication to anticoagulant treatment. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
BOESEN v. COUNTY OF POTTER.
(No. 710.)
(Court of Civil Appeals of Texas. Amarillo.
Jan. 16, 1915.
Rehearing Denied Feb. 13, 1915.)
1. Counties <&wkey;149 — Classification of Claims Against by Statute — Constitutional Provision — Character of Debt for Printing Delinquent Tax Dist.
Under Vernon’s Sayles’ Ann. Civ. St. 1914, art. 1433, classifying claims against counties into three classes, and article 1438, making a division of the county revenue into three corresponding kinds for the payment respectively of such claims, the claim of a publisher for printing the county delinquent tax list, to be paid as when the taxes were collected, would be part of the general county funds for the payment of ordinary current expenses, so that Const, art. 11, § 5, providing that no debt shall be created by any municipality unless provision at the same time be made for its extinguishment through a sinking fund, did not apply to a contract between the publisher and the county court for printing the delinquent tax list.
[Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Counties, Cent. Dig. § 214; Dec. Dig<EMAIL_ADDRESS> 2. Counties <@=3149 — Debt for Publishing Delinquent Tax Lists — Statutory Provision for Extinction — Constitutional Limitation.
Vernon’s Sayles’ Ann. Civ. St. 1914, art. 7687 (Rev. St. 1911, art. 7687), providing for the publication of delinquent tax lists by counties, makes special provision for the extinction of the debt in the clause providing for an assessment against the land of a 25-cont publication fee, so as to render valid the contract of a county court for the publication of such lists by complying with Const, art. 11, § 5, providing that no municipality shall contract a debt without making provision for its extinction.
[Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Counties, Cent. Dig. § 214; Dec. Dig<EMAIL_ADDRESS> 3. Counties <@=149 — Debt Incurred in Publication of Delinquent Tax Lists — Statute Providing for Payment — Constitutional Limitation.
Where a fund for the payment of a county debt to be contracted has been raised or provided for by statute or constitutional provision, there is no necessity that the county court should provide for its payment at the time of contracting under Const, art. 11, § 5, providing that no municipality shall contract a debt without making provision for its payment.
[Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Counties, Cent. Dig. § 214; Dec. Dig. <§=149J
4. Counties <&wkey;149 — Debt Incurred in Publishing Delinquent Tax Lists — Constitutional Limitation.
Where statute gives precedence to tax suits over all others, and where the betterment of the county’s finances, good faith toward the plaintiff, and the punctual performance of official duty demanded promptness by county officials in collecting delinquent taxes, in a suit against it by a publisher of delinquent tax lists, payment therefor to be made as taxes were collected, a county cannot be heard to claim that such a debt was not a current expense payable in the current year, but a future debt, so that, when contracted, provision should have been made for its payment under Const, art. 11, § 5, forbidding municipalities to contract debts without providing for payment thereof.
[Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Counties, Cent. Dig. § 214; Dec. Dig. <¿=149.]
5. Counties <@=149 — Contracts Implied — Invalid Express Contract — Publication of Delinquent Tax Lists.
Vernon’s Sayles’ Ann. Civ. St. 1914, art. 7087 (Rev. St. Í911, art. 7687), requires the county commissioners’ court to pay for the publishing. of delinquent tax lists, so bringing the debt within the exception of obligations imposed by law to Const, art. 11, § 5, providing that no municipality shall contract a debt unless provision is made for its payment.
[Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Counties, Cent. Dig. § 214; Dec. Dig. <@=149J
6. Contracts <@=214r — Implied Conditions— Time of Payment.
Where a contract sets no time for performance and fixes no time for payment, and the happening of the event which is to mature its obligation as to payment depends entirely upon the defendant, the law implies an obligation upon him to pay within a reasonable time.
[Ed. Note. — For .other cases, see Contracts, Cent. Dig. §§ 9S0-995; Dec. Dig. <&wkey;214.]
Appeal from District Court, Potter County ; J. N. Browning, Judge.
Action by P. E. Boeson against the County of Potter. Judgment of dismissal, and plaintiff apxieals.
Reversed and remanded.
I-Iugli L. Umplires, of Amarillo, for appellant. Gustavus & Jackson and R. C. Johnson, all of Amarillo, for appellee.
HALL, J.
This suit was instituted in the district court of Potter county, by appellant, Boesen, to recover an amount alleged to be due Mm for publishing the delinquent tax list of Potter county. Omitting the formal allegations, his first amended original petition, upon which the case was tried, is as follows:
“(3) Heretofore, to wit, on the 21st day of September, 1907, the plaintiff and defendant made and entered into the following contract and agreement, to wit: ‘September 21st, 1907. It is ordered by the court that the proposition of P. E. Boesen, to publish the delinquent tax record, be accepted and spread on the minutes of the court, as follows, to wit: “To the Members of the Commissioners’ Court of Potter County, State of Texas — Gentlemen: Pursuant to your request for an estimate on the cost of the publication of the delinquent tax list of Potter county, Texas, for the years 1885 to 1905, inclusive, a copy of which has been submitted to me, I hereby agree to publish said delinquent list in the Weekly Herald, published at Amarillo, Texas, for three consecutive weeks, at 25 cents per description. Payment for publication to be made as delinquent taxes are paid into the hands of the tax collector. As a consideration of this agreement I ask that all legal citations upon unknown or unrepresented delinquents be ordered published in the aforesaid Weekly Herald. Respectfully submitted. P. E. Boesen.” It is further ordered by the court that one copy of said delinquent tax records be delivered to said P. E. Boesen, editor of the Amarillo Weekly Herald, a weekly newspaper published in Potter county, for publication, and that one copy be delivered to the clerk for use in making a delinquent tax record of Potter county, and that one copy of said record be sent to the state comptroller.’
“(4) Said contract set forth in paragraph 3 of this petition was drawn by the county judge of the defendant, Hon. Sam R. Merrill, while said judge and the commissioners of the defendant were holding a special term of the commissioners’ court for said defendant at the courthouse of the defendant; and while said court was in session, said order accepting the proposition of plaintiff, as the same was drawn by said county judge, was made and entered on the minutes of said court in volume 4, p. 148, and said proposition and order so spread on said minutes constitutes a contract between plaintiff and defendant.
“(5) By the terms of said contract the plaintiff became bound and liable and obligated to the defendant to publish said delinquent tax list in accordance with the contract, with the copy submitted, and with the law, within a reasonable time after said contract was so made and entered into between plaintiff and defendant, and defendant became liable and bound and obligated to plaintiff, and promised to pay him the sum of 25. cents per description for each description contained in said • delinquent tax list so published, within a reasonable time after such delinquent tax list was so published and accepted by defendant.
“(6) Said delinquent tax list was promptly and within a reasonable time published by plaintiff, in accordance with the contract aforesaid, and in accordance with the copy submitted to him, and in accordance with the law, and the same, as published, was correct in all things, was acceptable to, and so accepted by, the defendant, and said delinquent tax list, as published by plaintiff, is now, and has been at all times since said publication and acceptance, the duly recorded tax list and record for defendant, for the years 1885 to 1905, inclusive. Said delinquent tax list so published by the plaintiff contained 14,800 descriptions, for the publication of which defendant, by the terms of said contract set forth in paragraph 3 hereof, promised, agreed, bound, and obligated itself to pay the plaintiff the sum of $3,700, in a reasonable time, and said sum is due and unpaid.
“(7) Upon the publication and acceptance of said delinquent tax list as aforesaid, it became and was the duty of the defendant, under the terms of said contract set forth in paragraph 3 hereof, and under the law, within a reasonable time, to cause suit to be filed in the name of the state of Texas, in the district court of the county of Potter, against the delinquents named in said list, and against the property described therein, and cause publication and citation to unknown and unrepresented delinquents, in each suit so filed, in the Weekly Herald, a newspaper published in-said county and owned by plaintiff. Plaintiff is informed and verily believes, and so charges the facts to be, that at least 1,000 suits would be required and at least 1,000 citations would be published in carrying out this part of said contract by defendant, and that plaintiff would have earned thereby the sum of at least $5,000 in the publication of such citations, over and above all his expenses in publishing such citations.
“ (8) Defendant has wholly failed and refused to cause suits to be filed and citations to be published as provided by the terms of said contract, and as it is alleged in paragraph 7 hereof to be the duty of defendant to do, except as to about 12 suits, to the plaintiff’s damage in the sum of $5,000, which amount plaintiff claims because of the defendant’s breach and violation of its contract in failing to cause such suits to be instituted and citations published, as aforesaid, and said sum is due and unpaid.
“(9) Said delinquent tax list is now in the hands of defendant, and has been ever since its said publication and acceptance, and plaintiff has no right or interest in said list, and no power under the law7 to enforce the collection of delinquent taxes, or the payment of said taxes to the tax collector, although he has often and repeatedly attempted to get the defendant to enforce the collection of such taxes and to pay him the sums that are due and owing him on account of the said publication of said delinquent tax list, but plaintiff has received as the proceeds of so publishing such list only the sum of $275, as he verily believes and charges to be the fact. It is now about six years since said list was published by plaintiff and accepted by defendant, and it is unreasonable for plaintiff to wait longer for defendant to perform its duties and obligations under said contract and under the law. hive years from the date of such publication and acceptance is a reasonable time in which defendant would have performed its duties and obligations under said contract, and plaintiff is entitled to interest on the sums of money due him under said contract from the time when such sums became due. Plaintiff has presented his claim to the commissioners’ court of defendant for said sums, and said claim has been disallowed. Such claim is hereto attached, marked ‘Exhibit A,’ and made a part hereof.
“(10) Pleading in the alternative, plaintiff' says that, if he should be mistaken as to his rights and duties,' and those of the defendant, under the contract and under the law, as to the time and manner in which plaintiff is entitled to payment for publication of said list set forth in paragraph 5 hereof, then he alleges that at all events he is entitled to compensation as herein-before alleged — ‘payment for publication to be made as delinquent taxes are paid into the hands of the tax collector’ — and for the purpose of this alternative pleading plaintiff alleges that he is informed and verily believes, and so charges tho fact to be, that payment was made of delinquent taxes set forth in said list to an amount equal to the sum of $3,700, and interest on that sum at the rate of 6 per cent, per year, same being received by the tax collector and paid into the treasury of the defendant. And plaintiff says that by reason of the facts alleged in this paragraph of this pleading, defendant is due and owing plaintiff the sum of $3,700, and said interest, which it has failed and refused to pay, to plaintiff’s damage in said sum.
“(11) Plaintiff, pleading in the alternative, again says, if he should be mistaken as to the rights and duties of plaintiff and defendant with respect to payment and the time and manner thereof, as alleged in paragraph 5 hereof, yet it is a fact that said list was published by the-plaintiff in accordance with the copy submitted an_d with the law, and said list was correct in all things, -was acceptable to, and accepted by, the defendant, and is now, and has been, the duly recorded delinquent tax list, and recorded ever since said publication and acceptance as alleged herein, and defendant became bound and liable and obligated to pay the plaintiff reasonable compensation for his services within a reasonable time. Reasonable compensation for such publication is $3,700, and plaintiff admits receiving $275. Reasonable time for making payment under the circumstances is five years from date of publication and acceptance by defendant. By reason of the facts alleged in this paragraph of this pleading the defendant is due and owing plaintiff $3,700, less the credit, with interest thereon as aforesaid, to plaintiff’s damage in such sum.
“(12) Under any construction of the facts as alleged as a basis for this action, as set forth herein, whether on the original or alternative allegations of debt and liability of defendant to plaintiff, the plaintiff charges that upon the acceptance of said list as published by the plaintiff it became the duty of defendant, under the law, to institute and prosecute suits, and cause this to be done, against delinquents in said list, and to have enforced the collection of taxes due and- owing the defendant by the delinquents. Said list was a valuable one to defendant, increasing the tax values to the amount of $3,-700, the amount it was accepted by the commissioners’ court, and the law made it the‘duty of the defendant to enforce the collection of said taxes and read into said contract the duties and obligations imposed upon each party of the contract by statute, so that the duties and obligations resting upon the county of Potter, defendant, as set forth by statute, became a part of said contract. Plaintiff relied upon the defendant carrying out its duties under the contract and under the statute, in making said contract, in carrying out his duties and obligations. He has performed all the duties and obligations resting upon him, but the defendant has breached and violated its part of said contract and duties and obligations, to plaintiff’s great damage aforesaid, and which damage would not have been occasioned and sustained by plaintiff if defendant had performed its duties and obligations under the law and under said contract.
“Wherefore, premises considered, plaintiff sues and prays that on final hearing he have judgment for his debt, interest, costs of suit, and for his damages, and for such other and further relief, general and special, in law and in equity, as he may be entitled to.”
Exhibit A.
“Amarillo, Texas, August 11,1913. “To the Honorable Commissioners’ Court of Potter County, Texas:
“On the 21st day of September, 1907, a proposition was submitted to the commissioners’ court by P. E. Boesen, for the publication of delinquent tax lists for the years from 1885 to 1905 for Potter county, Tex., which proposition was accepted by said commissioners’ court for said county, and therefore became a valid contract, being entered upon the minutes of said court in volume 4, p. 148.
“As a basis for the making of said contract, the commissioners’ court and the individual members thereof promised and agreed that the collection of said delinquent taxes contained in said list would be speedily enforced, and that suits would be instituted promptly and the tax of 25 cents which should be taxed against each tract for every description would be collected by law or otherwise within a reasonable time.
“Said delinquent list was published by P. E. Boesen in the Weekly Herald, as required by law, publication being completed in the fall of 1907, and the work was correct, in accordance with the copy submitted to him, and according to the law, was acceptable to the county of Potter and the commissioners’ court, and was approved in all things as the duly published and authorized delinquent tax list for Potter county for said years.
“The enforcement of collection of said delinquent tax list was never undertaken in such a way as to accomplish the result contemplated by the county and P. E. Boesen at the time of making such contract, and no diligence has ever been exercised by the county in the collection of such taxes, so that only a few tracts, comparatively, have been collected for, and so that P. E. Boesen has remained, without his money that would have been collected for him under said contract that he would have otherwise gotten if the county had enforced the collection of such delinquent taxes, as it was the duty of the county to do under the law, and under the terms of said contract, and under the promises and agreements and representations of the commissioners’ court and the individual members thereof prior to the making of the said contract aforesaid.
“P. E. Boesen says that five year's is a reasonable time in which the taxes against the property named in said delinquent list could have been collected, and would have been collected, if any diligence had been exercised by the court and the officers of said county in pursuing their duties- and the law, and that, on account of the failure of the county to use said .diligence and to bring.suits and to prosecute them to'judgment against all of such, delinquents, and to have the land sold under order of the court in satisfaction of said judgment, that P. E. Boesen has beep damaged in the sum of $3,425, on account of printing 14,800 descriptions in said delinquent tax list, upon which he has recovered only $275, whereas he should have received 25 cents per description, and he has been damaged in said amount the sum of $201.50 per annum as interest on said amount at the rate of 6 per- cent, per annum, from the expiration of five years after the date of publication of said list as aforesaid.
“As evidence of the promises and agreements of the county that suits would be instituted for the collection of said taxes, it is provided that P. E. Boesen should get the citations to publish, and it is charged that only a few suits were filed, and he lost the profits he would have made under that feature of the contract, all on account of the neglect of the county to bring and prosecute such suits as aforesaid, to his damage in the sum of $5,000.
“Said delinquent tax list is in the hands of the commissioners’ court and the officers acting for said county, and is not under the control of P. E. Boesen in. any manner whatever. The publication of said list caused the taxes against property in said county to be increased $3,700, to which extent said Potter county has been enriched by the publication of said list, and which amount is secured by the property listed in said delinquent tax list, at the rate of 25 cents per description; so that the county of Potter has received the benefit of the service of P. E. Boesen in the publication of said list, and have given him nothing in return, although, if the officers of said county had been diligent in the performance of their duty, as is enjoined upon them by law, and in carrying out their promises, representations, and agreements to the effect that prompt enforcement of collection of said taxes would be carried out, P. E. Boesen would have received the benefit named in said contract.
“Wherefore P. E. Boesen now here presents his claim to said county of Potter for the items of indebtedness, interest, and damages which he says is justly due and owing him on account of the neglect and failure of the commissioners’ court and officers of said county that are charged with the duty of enforcing collection of delinquent taxes, in the particulars aforesaid, and he prays that this claim be allowed and the clerk of said court be ordered to pay said amounts of damage, interest, and indebtedness to said P. E. Boesen.”
The court sustained the general demurrer to the petition, and, appellant having declined to amend, judgment was entered dismissing the case, from which this appeal is prosecuted. The very question presented here was decided in the case of Wichita Falls v. Skeen, 18 Tex. Civ. App. 632, 45 S. W. 1037, in favor of appellant’s contention. Stephens, J., without discussing the matter at length, said:
“With reference to the second defense, we are of opinion that the current expense of printing delinquent tax lists, which is incidental to the exercise of the vital taxing powers of a municipal corporation, is to he regarded as an item of ordinary expenditure. McNeal v. City of Waco [89 Tex. 83] 33 S. W. 323.”
If such an undertaking is an item of ordinary expenditure and a part of the current expenses of the city, it is, of course, not necessary to make special provisions for its payment under the Constitution (article 11, §§ 5, 7). Should an unusual expenditure of a considerable sum be ordered by the commissioners’ court, such as would be required in the construction of an expensive jail or courthouse, a debt is created to which the constitutional restriction applies; but we do not believe it was intended that the creation of a debt of this class, which may in some instances amount to a nominal sum, should be accompanied by all the ceremony and ritualism required where a drainage of the exchequer of the county is threatened. Cases may arise where the taxes upon only one tract of land are unpaid, and yet, according to appellee’s contention, the commissioners’ court must be called together in solemn conclave, and all the formulary of the law obeyed, before an honest debt of two bits against the county could be paid. The fact that a snug sum is involved in this litigation does not influence our opinion of what the general-rule should be in such cases. In Ault v. Hill County, 102 Tex. 335, 110 S. W. 359, Williams, J., said:
“No levy of a tax was made to provide a special fund to pay the amount agreed to be paid for the improvements; the commissioners who made the contract intending to pay it out of the current revenues. Had the money been on hand, or had the prospect of collecting it out of the taxes legitimately levied for general county purposes been such as to justify a reasonable expectation that it would be on hand, to meet the payments on the contract as they fell due, we should have a question very different from that which is presented by the facts.”
According to statutory classification of claims (Vernon’s Sayles’ Civil Statutes, art. 1433) and funds (Id. art. 1438), the publisher’s fee would be, when collected, a part of the general fund of the county, and subject to the payment of general debts and current expenses. It is therefore, in our opinion, not within the purview of section 5, art. 11, of the Constitution. City of San Antonio v. Serna, 45 Tex. Civ. App. 341, 99 S. W. 875; City of San Antonio v. Tobin, 45 Tex. Civ. App. 631, 101 S. W. 209. AVe feel that we could safely rest a determination of this appeal upon the decision in the Wichita Ealls-Skeen Case, supra; but, if it should be insisted that the current expenses are such as are necessary in the administration of the affairs of the municipality, and not specially provided for, still we think appellee’s contention is unsound. Our construction of article 7687, Vernon’s Sayles’ Civil Statutes (R. S. 1911), is that the Legislature, in providing for the taxation of a fee of 25 cents against each tract of land advertised to pay the expense of publishing the delinquent tax list, has made this special provision.
In the McNeal Case, 89 Tex. S3, 33 S. W. 323, we find this language by Denman, J.;
“These constitutional provisions were intended as restraints upon the power of municipal corporations to contract that class of pecuniary liabilities not to be satisfied out of the current revenues or other funds within their control, lawfully applicable thereto, and which would therefore, at the date of the contract, be an unprovided for liability, and properly included within the general meaning of the word ‘debt.’ They have no application, however, to that class of pecuniary obligations in good faith intended 'to be, and lawfully, payable out of either the current revenues for the year of the contract or any other fund within the immediate control of the corporation. Such obligations being provided for at the time of their creation, so that in the due course of the transactions they are to be satisfied by the provisions made, it would be an unreasonable construction of the Constitution to hold them debts, within its meaning, so as to require the levy of a wholly unnecessary tax upon the citizen. * ■ * * Payment of such claims being lawfully provided for, in such way that their satisfaction in the due course of business is reasonably certain, they are, in legal contemplation, so far satisfied as to be considered as not com-templated by the constitutional provisions, though it may result, from some cause not provided against by the law, such as a failure to collect the taxes, * * * that they are not' paid from the contemplated sources.”
Article 7687, R. S. 1911, requires the commissioners’ court to have the tax list published, and specifically provides that a publisher’s fee of 25 cents, and no more, shall be taxed against eaeb tract of land advertised, and that the fee when collected shall be paid into tbe county treasury. In making each fee of 25 cents a lien upon a tract of land, the Legislature has already provided a certain fund to reimburse the county for the sum paid for publishing the list. We see no necessity for the commissioners’ court to make further provisions for its payment under article 11 of the Constitution. This ,fée of 25 cents for each tract of land “is a fund within the immediate control of the corporation.” The municipality has but to collect it to make it available. Even though provision should be made for the payment of the debt under article 11 of the Constitution, the County would still be required to collect this fee. There is never any necessity for a provision for the payment of interest and a sinking fund where a fund has already been raised or provided by the Legislature or the Constitution. Berlin Iron Bridge Co. v. San Antonio, 50 S. W. 408.
In Mitchell County v. City National Bank, 91 Tex. 361, 43 S. W. 880, Judge Brown said:
“The Legislature has the power to make all such ‘provision’ for counties and cities, or it may leave it to the officers of such corporation to make it when the debt is created. If made by either, it is sufficient.”
In that case it was held that the acts of 18S1 and 1884 made such provision as the Constitution required. The language of article 7687, supra, is even more definite and specific in making “provision” than the act referred to by Judge Brown. It is further said by Judge Brown in that case:
“It was not the purpose of the (constitutional) convention, in adopting the foregoing article (11), to require that a city or county should, at the time of creating a debt, ascertain the rate per cent, required to be levied upon the taxable values of the county in order to raise, a sufficient sum to pay the interest and provide a sinking fund upon that debt, and to actually levy that rate of 'tax at the time. Bassett v. City of El Paso, 88 Tex. 175, 30 S. W. 893. in the case cited the city of El Paso had at the time that it determined to issue its bonds, by an ordinance, provided for the collection annually of a given sum for the purpose of paying the interest which might accrue upon the said bonds, and also a given sum to be raised annually as a sinking fund. This court said: ‘The language and purpose of these provisions (of the Constitution) seem to be satisfied by an order providing for the annual collection by taxation of a sufficient sum to pay the interest thereon, and create a sinking fund, etc., though it does not fix the rate or per cent, of taxation for each year by which such sum is to be collected, . but leaves the fixing of such rate for each, successive year to the commissioners’ court or city council. * * * As stated above, we have not deemed it necessary to determine whether the order of August 11, 1893, actually levied a tax, as we are. of the opinion that it fully complied with the law by making provision for the collection of the interest and sinking fund by taxation.’ What the Constitution requires is that provision shall be made at the time, or shall have been previously made, by which the rate of tax to be levied is so definitely fixed — as was done in the case last cited— that it becomes merely a ministerial act to determine the rate to be levied.”
In the instant case the article of the statute cited above determines the rate, levies the tax, provides an absolute method for its collection, and orders it paid into the general fund of the county for the specific purpose of satisfying the identical debt sued for by the appellant. The following cases announce the same doctrine: Presidio County v. Nat’l Bank, 20 Tex. Civ. App. 511, 44 S. W. 1069; Hardeman County v. Hoard County, 19 Tex. Civ. App. 212, 47 S. W. 30; Wright v. City of San Antonio, 50 S. W. 407; Berlin Bridge Co. v. City of San Antonio, supra.
While we agree with the holding of Judge Stephens in the Wichita Falls-Skeen Case, supra, that this is not a debt within the meaning of the Constitution (article 11), nevertheless, if we are mistaken in such conclusion, the above-cited authorities sustain us in the position that the Legislature made the necessary “provision” when article 7087, R. S. 1911, was enacted. In the case of City of Cleburne v. Gutta Percha & R. Co., 127 S. W. 1072, the true test of the character of the debt is stated thus:
“Does it impose a burden on the revenues of-the city for future years?”
Measured by that rule, our classification ■of appellant’s claim might be erroneous were it not for the fact that the statute previously made provision for relieving the county’s revenues of the burden imposed by the contract. The contract stipulates:
“Payment for publication to be made as delinquent taxes are paid into the hands of the tax •collector.”
Under this clause of the contract appellant’s claim may or may not have matured within the current year; this depending upon the diligence of the county authorities in collecting the taxes. The statute gives tax •suits precedence upon the docket of the trial court over all other litigation. The betterment of the county finances, every consideration of good faith towards appellant, as well as punctual performance of official •duty, demanded prompt effort on the part of the county officials to make the collections. In view of these matters, appellee cannot be heard to insist that it was a debt not to be paid during the current year. Hoard County v. Sandifer, 105 Tex. 420, 151 S. W. 523. As was said by our Supreme Court in that case:
“We must presume that both parties knew the law- and intended' to obey it. Tomlinson v. Hopkins County, 57 Tex. 575. It is a well-established rule of construction that language in a contract which is susceptible of two constructions, one of which would render the contract illegal, and the other would make it lawful, that contract (construction) which would conform the contract to the law must be adopted. Clarke on Contracts, p. 593; Evans v. Pike, 118 U. S. 241, 6 Sup. Ct. 1090, 30 L. Ed. 234; Hobbs v. McLean, 117 U. S. 570, 6 Sup. Ct. 870, 29 L. Ed. 940. The rule of construction is stated by Clarke thus: ‘Where a particular word, or the contract as a whole, is susceptible of two meanings, one of which will render the contract valid, the other of which will render it invalid, the former will be adopted so as to uphold the contract. Thus, where a document was expressed to' be given ‘in consideration. of your being in advance,’ to a person, it was argued that this showed a past consideration which would not support the promise. The court held that the words ‘being in advance’ might mean a prospect of advance, and might be equivalent to ‘in consideration of your being in advance,’ or ‘on consideration of your being in advance.’ So also where a contract is susceptible of two constructions, one of which will render it unlawful as being in violation of law, or contrary to public policy, that construction which will render it lawful will be adopted.’ ”
There is another class of municipal debts which by the weight of authority is not subject to the constitutional restriction, and known as obligations imposed by law. The allegations in plaintiff’s amended original petition bring this case within that class. 37 L. R. A. (N. S.) 1086-1090, note. Eidson, J., in Baldwin v. Travis County, 40 Tex. Civ. App. 149, 88 S. W. 484 (writ of error denied by the Supreme Court), held that the effect of the act under consideration (article 7687) was to require the commissioners’ court to pay for publishing the delinquent tax list. Dwyer v. City of Brenham, 65 Tex. 527, is cited as an illustration of this rule. That was a suit for compensation for printing and binding the ordinances of the city. The city demurred to the petition upon two grounds, viz.: (1) That the contract was ultra vires; and (2) that no provision had been made as required by law for its payment. The charter of the city contained this provision:
“All ordinances of the city when printed and published by authority of the city council shall be admitted and received in all courts and in all places without further proof.”
The court sustained the defendant’s demurrer and dismissed the petition.
Robertson, A. J., said (referring to the section of the ordinances above quoted):
“This section contemplates the printing of the ordinances. The charter does not intend that the city shall own a printing establishment, and the Legislature never expected the printing to be done without compensation, pro bono publico. The power to make a contract to pay for the printing was therefore necessarily implied. If the city needed printed copies of the charter, the occasion for them in the accomplishment of its corporate purposes raised an implication of the power to have them printed. Dillon on Munic. Corp. § 89. The debt contracted for, under the allegations of the petition, was in the nature of current espense, and not such debt as that contemplated in section 5, art. 11, of the Constiution. * * * The demurrer to the petition was improperly sustained, and the judgment dismissing the suit must be reversed, and the cause remanded.”
Having held, as we do, that appellant was entitled to recover upon the contract as declared upon by him, it is unnecessary for us to decide the further question presented, which is his right to recover upon an implied contract. We, however, incline to the opinion that, if his right to recover upon the contract should for any reason be denied, he should nevertheless be entitled to a judgment for the amount due him upon an implied as-sumpsit. “In the case of City of Bryan v. Page [51 Tex. 582, 82 Am. Rep. 637], it was held that the city could not be required to pay for what it had received and made use of, where it had not been contracted for in the manner prescribed. This rule was modified in City of San Antonio v. French, 80 Tex. 575, 16 S. W. 440 [26 Am. St. Rep. 763], and the city was held to pay for benefits actually received by it.” Penn v. City of Laredo, 26 S. W. 636. The charter of the city of San Antonio required the exercise of the power of contracting with any one and the act of fixing his compensation for the collection of delinquent taxes due the city to be done by ordinance. No ordinance was enacted, but, in accordance with a resolution passed by the city council, the mayor contracted with one Brand to collect the delinquent tax, and agreed to pay him for his services 5 per cent, of all amounts so collected. Neill, A. J., denied Brand’s right to recover upon the contract, but held the city bound to pay the reasonable value of the services rendered, of which it had knowingly received the benefit. Brand v. City of San Antonio, 37 S. W. 340.
In City of San Antonio v. French, 80 Tex. 575, 16 S. W. 440, 26 Am. St. Rep. 763, the matter under consideration was the liability of the city to pay rent for certain rooms in a building leased for the use of the city for one year. Judge Gaines, delivering the opinion of the court, said:
“It may be that when a municipal corporation has received the benefit of a contract, which it had the power to make, but which was not legally entered into, it may be compelled to do justice, and to pay the consideration, or at least to pay for what it has received. In such cases it is said that the law will imply a contract; but we think it contrary to sound principles to imply a contract in any other case. As said by Mr. Justice Field, in the case of Gas Co. v. San Francisco, 9 Cal. 453: ‘When the contract is executory, a corporation cannot be held bound unless the contract is made in pursuance of the provisions of its charter; but where the contract is executed, and the corporation has enjoyed -the benefit of the consideration, an implied assumpsit arises against it.’ ”
As further sustaining the liability of a municipality upon implied contracts, we refer to the editorial notes in 27 L. R. A. (N. S.) 1117, 1125, and the supplemental notes in 39 L. R. A. (N. S.) pages 43, 72; 2 Dillon’s Munic. Corp. (5th Ed.) §§ 793, 794.
Appellant’s third assignment of error urges the proposition that when a contract shows an uncertain time for performance thereof or fixes no time for payment thereunder, and the happening of the event which would mature payment depends entirely upon the defendant, the law matures the contract within a reasonable time. We think this proposition is sound. As expressed in 2 Eljiott on Contracts, § 1628:
“It is said that the law enters as a silent factor into every contract. That which is implied by law becomes a part of the written contract tlie same in general as if it wore written there-: in, and, if the contract is thus made clear and complete, it can no more be varied or contradicted by parol evidence as to the matter imported into it by law than it can in any other respect. This doctrine is frequently applied where a contract is silent as to the time of performance. The general rule in such cases is that it must be performed within a reasonable time, and that this implication of law cannot be varied by parol evidence, although such evidence may be admissible to show what is a reasonable time.” Id. § 3713; Self v. King, 28 Tex. 552; Hart v. Bullion, 48 Tex. 552; Andrae v. Watson, 73 S. W. 991; Weaver v. Starnes, 98 S. W. 902; Dunham v. Orange Lumber Co., 125 S. W. 89; Bush v. Merrill, 156 S. W. 606; Pollard v. Allen, 171 S. W. 530, decided by this court and not yet officially published.
We think the court was correct in sustaining defendant’s exception No. 2 to the fourth paragraph 'of plaintiff’s amended petition, exception No. 6 to the seventh paragraph, exception No. 7 to the eighth paragraph, exception No. 11 to the twelfth paragraph, exception No. 12 to the twelfth paragraph, and exception No. 13 to the twelfth paragraph. The general demurrer and the remaining special exceptions should not have been sustained, and, because of the court’s action in so doing, the judgment is reversed, and the cause remanded.
<@=For other cases see same topic and KEY-NUMBER in all Key-Numbered Digests and Indexes
| CASELAW |
Sanders unveils plan to guarantee the 'right to a secure retirement' | TheHill
White House hopeful Sen. Bernie SandersBernie SandersHarry Reid: 'Decriminalizing border crossings is not something that should be at the top of the list' The exhaustion of Democrats' anti-Trump delusions Warren offers plan to repeal 1994 crime law authored by Biden MORE (I-Vt.) on Friday unveiled a plan to guarantee the “right to a secure retirement” as he seeks to burnish his progressive bona fides amid stiffening competition in the Democratic primary. The plan, announced ahead of a discussion at campaign seniors issues roundtable and the AARP Presidential Forum in Iowa this weekend, builds off of several of Sanders’s existing proposals, including “Medicare for All,” slashing drug prices and expanding social security. “Yes, we can live in a country where every senior lives in dignity and security, and does not have to choose between paying for basic necessities like medicine, food, or housing. We will do this by guaranteeing every American the right to a secure retirement, the opportunity to age in place in the community, and by expanding and improving Medicare to include dental, hearing and vision care,” Sanders wrote. Beyond implementing Medicare for All and expanding it to include dental, hearing and vision coverage, Sanders’s health care plan will offer seniors supports and services at home “without waitlists, asset and income restrictions, and other barriers.” Sanders said he would bolster collective bargaining rights of home care workers and enact a “domestic workers bill of rights” to ensure safe working conditions, hoping to attract 7.8 million home health and personal care aides by 2026. Sanders goes on to promise an expansion of the 1965 Older Americans Act that would seek to create a new office within the Administration for Community Living to study social isolation among seniors and its impact and provide grants to states and municipalities to address the issue. The plan would also expand the Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program to guarantee heating and cooling assistance, bolster the Commodity Supplemental Food Program to combat hunger among seniors and cap credit card interest rates at 15 percent and curtail the practices of loan sharks to protect seniors from “scams and predatory financial practices and instruments.” Senior voters will play a crucial role in the 2020 presidential race. Voters aged 65 years and older went for President TrumpDonald John TrumpFacebook releases audit on conservative bias claims Harry Reid: 'Decriminalizing border crossings is not something that should be at the top of the list' Recessions happen when presidents overlook key problems MORE over Hillary ClintonHillary Diane Rodham ClintonThe exhaustion of Democrats' anti-Trump delusions Poll: Trump trails three Democrats by 10 points in Colorado Soft levels of support mark this year's Democratic primary MORE by 52-45 percentage points, according to exit polls, and hold outsized sway in the crucial swing state of Florida. The plan’s introduction comes as Sanders faces an increasingly competitive challenge from Sen. Elizabeth WarrenElizabeth Ann WarrenHarry Reid: 'Decriminalizing border crossings is not something that should be at the top of the list' Warren offers plan to repeal 1994 crime law authored by Biden Panel: Jill Biden's campaign message MORE (D-Mass.) for the presidential primary’s progressive mantle. Warren has unveiled a slate of plans intended to reduce racial and economic inequities and has co-sponsored legislation to secure Americans’ retirement accounts. A poll released Friday shows Sanders and Warren tied for second place in the primary behind former Vice President Joe BidenJoe BidenHarry Reid: 'Decriminalizing border crossings is not something that should be at the top of the list' Warren offers plan to repeal 1994 crime law authored by Biden Panel: Jill Biden's campaign message MORE. View the discussion thread. The Hill 1625 K Street, NW Suite 900 Washington DC 20006 | 202-628-8500 tel | 202-628-8503 fax The contents of this site are ©2019 Capitol Hill Publishing Corp., a subsidiary of News Communications, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Wikipedia:Sockpuppet investigations/Mountain157/Archive
Suspected sockpuppets
* I believe that Adrollim is a sock of Apollo4659. On 8 May 2019, Apollo4659 opened a discussion on Talk page of Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan. The user Apollo4659 later went to user Ravensfire page and wrote this message:
* "I started a discussion on the article talk page like you asked me to. Is it possible you can give your input? Regards"
* Now if you go and check the edit history of Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan, you can easily see that user Ravensfire never asked Apollo4659 to start a discussion on the talk page regarding the issue. Even Apollo4659 Talk page is also empty and no one has told him/her to start discussion on the talk page. However, on 24 April 2019, Ravensfire did ask Adrollim's to discuss it at talk page.
* Moreover, both users are trying to remove India and Afghanistan from allies section on Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan page. Hence both of these accounts show behaviour similarity.
* Another Major similarity between the two account is that both of these accounts use exactly the same words for their edits. For instance Adrollim made this following edit summary: The sources you have used are opinionated and speculative. Similarly Apollo4659, also used exactly the same words on Wiki Neutral point of view board The sources themselves also appear to be speculative or opinionated.
Hence there is a considerable evidence which suggest that Adrollim is the sock puppet of Apollo4659. Could someone please take a look into this. Thanks. JawadChengazi (talk) 18:28, 10 May 2019 (UTC)
Comments by other users
Clerk, CheckUser, and/or patrolling admin comments
* ✅ plus:
* . Please move to Mountain157. As an aside, the filer is a confirmed sock of another master.--Bbb23 (talk) 21:03, 10 May 2019 (UTC)
* ✅. Sir Sputnik (talk) 00:25, 11 May 2019 (UTC)
* . Please move to Mountain157. As an aside, the filer is a confirmed sock of another master.--Bbb23 (talk) 21:03, 10 May 2019 (UTC)
* ✅. Sir Sputnik (talk) 00:25, 11 May 2019 (UTC)
* ✅. Sir Sputnik (talk) 00:25, 11 May 2019 (UTC)
Suspected sockpuppets
* Volocraso account was made right after Apollo4659 was banned because he was a sock puppet of Mountain157.
* Volocraso made all of his edits through mobile. Like Apollo4659 did.
* All of Volocraso edits are minor edits on random wikipedia pages. A behaviour which is consistently found in Mountain157 socks. All of Mountain157 socks will edit random pages for a period of time. After some time, they will return to the page where they really wanted to make their change.
* Another one of major similarity between Volocraso and Apollo4659 is that they make exactly the same type of edit on Baloch Liberation Army page. Apollo4659 tried to remove USA from list of countries that designates Baloch Liberation Army as terrorist group despite the fact that source supporting that is given in the page. diffs Similarly, Volocraso also made a similar type of edit and removed USA from list of countries that designates Baloch Liberation Army as terrorist group. diffs
* Judging from Apollo4659 edit history it is evident that user Apollo4659 went to great length to get USA removed from the list.
<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:55, 24 May 2019 (UTC)
Comments by other users
Clerk, CheckUser, and/or patrolling admin comments
✅, blocked, tagged, closing.--Bbb23 (talk) 02:55, 25 May 2019 (UTC)
Suspected sockpuppets
* Account made after Mountain157 and his/her socks were blocked.
* Same Behaviour as Mountain157, such as adding Pakistan as a ally of terrorist groups like ISIS-K and using exactly the same sources which were used by Apollo4659 previously.
* 1) diffs Apollo4659 used this reference to add Pakistan as ally.
* 2) diffs User Egyptian Kratos used the same references to label Pakistan as ally of ISIS-K.
* Pattern of adding references is also the same.
* Almost all of User Egyptian Kratos edits are focused on adding Pakistan as ally of terrorist groups while providing sources which does not support his/her claim. This type of behaviour was consistently found in Mountain157 and his socks. Even Mountain157 was banned before for this behaviour. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:17, 26 May 2019 (UTC)
Comments by other users
Clerk, CheckUser, and/or patrolling admin comments
* ❌. However, Egyptian Kratos is ✅ to the following accounts:
* AFAIK, based on 's notations, Nittin Das is the master. I've upped the block on Nittin Das to indefinite, blocked Egyptian Kratos, and tagged all three accounts. Please create a new case with Nittin Das.--Bbb23 (talk) 00:56, 26 May 2019 (UTC)
* ✅ at Sockpuppet investigations/Nittin Das. Sir Sputnik (talk) 22:18, 27 May 2019 (UTC)
* AFAIK, based on 's notations, Nittin Das is the master. I've upped the block on Nittin Das to indefinite, blocked Egyptian Kratos, and tagged all three accounts. Please create a new case with Nittin Das.--Bbb23 (talk) 00:56, 26 May 2019 (UTC)
* ✅ at Sockpuppet investigations/Nittin Das. Sir Sputnik (talk) 22:18, 27 May 2019 (UTC) | WIKI |
Pence urges OAS to suspend Venezuela from organization
WASHINGTON (Reuters) - U.S. Vice President Mike Pence called on Monday for the Organization of American States to suspend Venezuela’s membership in the 35-nation group, and he announced new U.S. sanctions targeting drug kingpins said to be linked to the government. Pence, in a speech to the OAS, urged socialist Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro to suspend elections scheduled for May 20, saying they would be a “fraud” and a “sham.” He also urged Venezuela’s neighbors in the hemisphere to step up their own measures against Caracas, imposing visa restrictions for leaders and taking other action to hold Maduro accountable. Reporting by Roberta Rampton; Writing by David Alexander; Editing by Mohammad Zargham | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Page:Germinal - Zola - 1925.djvu/91
GERMINAL out a sou. Otherwise they would have been able to go on until Saturday, like the others.
Maigrat, with protruded belly and folded arms, shook his head at every supplication.
"Only two loaves, Monsieur Maigrat. I am reasonable, I don't ask for coffee. Only two three-pound loaves a day."
"No," he shouted at last, at the top of his voice.
His wife had appeared, a pitiful creature who passed all her days over a ledger, without even daring to lift her head. She moved away, frightened at seeing this unfortunate woman turning her ardent beseeching eyes towards her. It was said that she yielded the conjugal bed to the putters among the customers. It was a known fact that when a miner wished to prolong his credit, he had only to send his daughter or his wife, plain or pretty, it mattered not, provided they were complacent.
Maheude, still imploring Maigrat with her look, felt herself uncomfortable under the pale keenness of his small eyes, which seemed to undress her. It made her angry; she would have understood before she had had seven children, when she was young. And she went off, violently dragging Lénore and Henri, who were occupied in picking up nut-shells from the gutter where they were making investigations.
"This won't bring you luck, Monsieur Maigrat, remember!"
Now there only remained the Piolaine people. If these would not throw her a five-franc piece she might as well lie down and die. She had taken the Joiselle road on the left. The administration building was there at the corner of the road, a veritable brick palace, where the great people from Paris, princes and generals and members of the Government, came every autumn to give large dinners. As she walked she was already spending the five francs: first bread, then coffee, afterwards a quarter of butter, a bushel of potatoes for the morning soup and the evening stew; finally, perhaps, a bit of pigs' chitterlings, for the father needed meat.
The Curé of Montsou, Abbé Joire, was passing, holding up his cassock, with the delicate air of a fat well-nourished cat afraid wetting her fur. He was a gentleman who pretended not to terest himself in anything, so as not to vex either the rkers or the masters. [79] | WIKI |
-- Portugal's Borrowing Costs Rise, Demand Falls at Auction of 12-Month Bills
Portugal’s borrowing costs increased
at an auction of 750 million euros ($1.01 billion) of 12-month
bills and demand fell as Europe’s fiscal crisis weighed on
investors. The securities, due Nov. 18, 2011, were issued today at an
average yield of 4.813 percent, the country’s debt management
agency said. That compares with an average yield of 3.26 percent
at a previous sale of 12-month bills on Nov. 3. The auction
attracted bids for 1.8 times the amount offered, compared with a
bid-to-cover ratio of 2.2 on Nov. 3. The agency had set an
indicative amount of 750 million euros for the auction. “This increase in yield was very accentuated and
surprising because the market was pointing at figures in the
order of 4.3 percent or 4.4 percent,” Filipe Silva , who manages
60 million euros, including Portuguese bonds, at Banco Carregosa
SA in Oporto, Portugal, said in an e-mailed note. “Demand also
fell quite a lot.” Concern that governments may struggle to cut budget
shortfalls and curb debt has pushed up borrowing costs for
Portugal and other high-deficit European countries this year.
Portugal had the euro region’s fourth-largest budget gap in
2009, behind Greece, Ireland and Spain. Irish Review European Union and International Monetary Fund experts will
start scanning the books of Ireland’s debt-laden banks tomorrow
in a prelude to a possible aid package to stem Europe’s widening
fiscal crisis. Finance chiefs from the 16-country euro area said
the joint assessment will determine whether Ireland can patch up
the banking system on its own or needs to fall back on the EU-
IMF 750 billion-euro rescue fund. Portugal can continue to finance itself “in the markets,”
Finance Minister Fernando Teixeira dos Santos said on Nov. 15. The spread on Portugal’s 10-year bonds over German bunds
was at 410 basis points today, after hitting a euro-era record
of 484 basis points on Nov. 11. The spread between Irish and
German 10-year bonds widened to 568 basis points today. Ireland
is fully funded until the middle of next year. Portugal has already issued more than 93 percent of its
2010 funding needs, Alberto Soares , president of Portugal’s
government debt agency, said on Nov. 8. On Nov. 10, borrowing
costs on longer-term debt also increased as Portugal sold 1.24
billion euros of bonds, the last bond sale for this year. Budget Plan The budget plan for 2011 received preliminary approval in
parliament this month as the minority Socialist government tries
to cut a deficit that reached 9.3 percent of gross domestic
product in 2009. It aims to lower the shortfall to 7.3 percent
this year, 4.6 percent in 2011 and meet the EU’s 3 percent limit
in 2012. The planned spending cuts for next year are set to be the
biggest since at least 1978, according to EU statistics office
Eurostat, as the government tries to convince investors it can
narrow its budget deficit and curb debt. The austerity measures
may hurt Portugal’s economic growth , which has averaged less
than 1 percent a year in the past decade. The government is counting on exports such as paper and
wood products to support expansion. The budget forecasts GDP
growth of 0.2 percent in 2011, slower than this year’s estimated
1.3 percent pace. Portugal’s unemployment rate rose to 10.9 percent in the
third quarter from 10.6 percent in the second quarter, the
National Statistics Institute said today. To contact the reporter on this story:
Joao Lima in Lisbon at
jlima1@bloomberg.net . To contact the editors responsible for this story:
Will Kennedy at
wkennedy3@bloomberg.net . | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
SBOA Matriculation and Higher Secondary School, Chennai
SBOA Matriculation and Higher Secondary School, Chennai is one of the schools run by the SBIOA Education Trust of the State Bank of India Officers Association in Anna Nagar Western Extension, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. The school educates students from LKG to class XII. It offers education as per the matriculation and Higher Secondary board of Tamil Nadu in English medium.
History
The SBIOA Educational Trust was founded in 1978 E. A. G. Moses, then general secretary of the State Bank of India Officers Association (Chennai Circle). The SBOA School & Junior College affiliated to the CBSE board was then started for the educating bank's officers' children. In 1983, the SBIOA Educational Trust started a new school providing education in matriculation board syllabus on the same campus and called it the SBOA Matriculation and Higher Secondary School. The school was moved to its current location in 1994. Later, the school acquired the then defunct Sri Chakra School nearby and developed it into an annexe campus.
Campuses
Main Campus houses classes from Standard IX to standard XII and the annexe houses classes from Standard I to VIII, primary and High school and also has a playground.
Student life
The school runs several clubs including Road Safety Patrol (RSP), Junior Red Cross (JRC), Scouts and Guides, National Cadet Corps (NCC), Interact club, School band and Skills for Adolescents (SFA). Activities are organized under four houses named after the major kingdoms in Tamil history. Students are placed in one of the four houses, with the teachers to guide them. The four houses of the school are namely, Cheran, Cholan, Pandian and Pallavan. The school has 2 libraries, one in each campus, which are fully air-conditioned and open till 5:30 PM. The annexe campus has an indoor shuttle court, an open-air auditorium and a basketball court. The main campus has a huge open space in the middle, around which the campus is built in a courtyard fashion. The main campus also has an extensive collection of exotic plant species in the roof garden.
Notable alumni
* Srikanth (actor), film actor
* Arya (actor), film actor
* Aravind, Business Leader
* Priya Bhavani Shankar, Film actor
* Shree Karthick, film director
* Pradeep John ,Indian amateur weather forecasting enthusiast and Blogger | WIKI |
Cast from type 'DBNull' to type 'String' is not valid.
Ok, that is the error... "Cast from type 'DBNull' to type 'String' is not valid. "
I am filling a DataSet from the db and some fields are empty.
Reading from it and placing the info into a label.
Code below....
Sub getProductInfo()
Dim DSprod2 As New DataSet()
Dim MyCommand As OleDbDataAdapter
sql = "Select * from tblProducts Where fldNum = " & intfldNum
MyCommand = New OleDbDataAdapter(sql, conn)
MyCommand.Fill(DSprod2, "tblProducts")
lblProd.Text = DSprod2.Tables("tblProducts"). _
Rows(0).Item("fldProduct")
End Sub
Now, how do I get around a null field in the db?
I have looked at the quick starts, the net, and here in forums...
Is there an easy way to do this such as a type cast?
Thanks,
Zath
0
Zath
4/28/2004 7:33:22 AM
asp.net.getting-started 91979 articles. 4 followers. Follow
8 Replies
837 Views
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[PageSpeed] 11
Hi,
Add "ToString()" to the line where you set lblProd.Text.
This property expects a string.
lblProd.Text = DSprod2.Tables("tblProducts").Rows(0).Item("fldProduct").ToString()
Hope this helps,
Jeroen
0
JeroenKlooster
4/28/2004 12:06:44 PM
Try using the ToString method on the Item. For example:
Rows(0).Item("fldProduct").ToString ()
Steven Bey
Recursion: see Recursion
0
stevenbey
4/28/2004 12:08:25 PM
You could do an IF statement right after you Fill your DataSet to check to see if the field is null. Such as:
If DSprod2.Tables("tblProducts").Rows(0).Item("fldProduct") = System.DBNull
lblProd.Text = "Not Found"
Else
lblProd.Text = DSprod2.Tables("tblProducts").Rows(0).Item("fldProduct")
Hope I helped!
In this world there are 10 types of people, those that know binary and those who don't.
0
optik
4/28/2004 12:10:01 PM
Where possible, we set our DB default value to an empty string and then disallow Nulls.
I also have an old habit of concatenating strings returned from a database with string.empty. this causes a null to turn into an empty string.
Mike Banavige
~~~~~~~~~~~~
Need a site code sample in a different language? Try converting it with: http://converter.telerik.com/
0
mbanavige
4/28/2004 12:14:46 PM
Thank You.......
I have tried to use the .ToString in every place, in every instance....
When I even tried but not tested the Rows(0).Item("fldProduct").ToString (),
the .ToString never came up in the help pop up box; therefore, I need to upgrade.....
Thanks again...
Zath
0
Zath
4/28/2004 12:32:32 PM
Optik,
I have thought about that, but my dataset has more than one textbox to fill.....
So, that would be too much code......
I just didn't know how to read a null to a string into a textbox from a db.....
But we both just found a better way to code.....
Ohh the wonders of creating bugs then killing them....
Zath
0
Zath
4/28/2004 1:07:55 PM
I assume the .ToString worked then?
In this world there are 10 types of people, those that know binary and those who don't.
0
optik
4/28/2004 1:10:56 PM
Yes it did........ the .ToString() worked...
<hits self over head> DOH......
Could not believe I missed that.....
Zath
0
Zath
4/28/2004 2:07:13 PM
Reply: | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Life of Richard Turpin, a most notorious highwayman.pdf/4
4 succeeding to their expectations, they determined to commence house-breakers, and in this they were much encouraged by joining with Gregory’s gang, as it was then called: a company of desperadoes that made the Essex and adjacent roads very dangerous to travel. They formed themselves into a body by Turpin’s directions, and went round the country at night, and whatever house they knew had any value in it they marked. Their method was, one to knock at the door, when, as soon as it was opened, the rest rushed in and plundered; and such was their imprudence and rapacity, that they were not satisfied with the money they found, plate, watches, or rings, but even took away the household goods, if any suited them.
Somehow or other Turpin became acquainted with the circumstances of an old woman who lived at Loughton, who always kept a great quantity of ready cash by her: whereupon he and his gang agreed to rob her; and when they came to the door, Wheeler knocked at it, and Turpin and the rest forcing their way into the house, blindfolded the old woman and her maid, tied the legs of her son, a well-grown lad, to the bedstead, and proceeded to rob the house; but not at first finding the wished for booty, they all set about a consultation what to do to get at it; for they were certain she must have a considerable sum concealed in the house. Turpin began to examine her, where her money and effects were hid; telling her, at the same time, that he knew she had money, and it was in vain to deny it, for have it he would. The old gentlewoman being very loath to part with her money, persisted in it that she had none, and would not declare any thing more of the matter; upon which some of the gang were inclined to believe her, and and were sorry for their disappointment; but Turpin as strenuously insisting she had money, as she | WIKI |
Page:Margaret Fuller by Howe, Julia Ward, Ed. (1883).djvu/89
74 manuscripts are lost or destroyed. The spoken word, fleeting though it be, may kindle a flame that ages shall not quench, but only brighten.
While, therefore, it may well grieve is to-day that we cannot know exactly what Margaret said nor how she said it, we may believe that the inspiration which she felt and communicated to others remains, not the less, a permanent value in the community.
Having already somewhat the position of a "come-outer," Margaret was naturally supposed to be in entire sympathy with the Transcendentalists. This supposition was strengthened by her assuming the editorship of the Dial, and Christopher Cranch, in caricaturing it, represented her as a Minerva driving a team of the new illuminati. Margaret's journals and letters, however, show that while she welcomed the new outlook towards a possible perfection, she did not accept without reserve the enthusiasms of those about her. "The good time coming," which seemed try them so near, appeared her very distant, and difficult of attainment. Her views at the outset arc aptly expressed in the following extract from one of her letters:—
"Utopia it is impossible to build up." At least, my hopes for our race on this one planet are more limited than those of most of my friends. I accept the limitations of human nature, and believe a wise acknowledgment of them one of the best conditions of progress.
Yet every noble scheme, every poetic manifestation, prophesies to man his eventual destiny. And were not man ever more sanguine than facts at the moment justify, he would remain torpid, or be sunk in sensuality. It is on this ground that I sympathize with what is called the “Transcendental party, and that I feel their aim to be the true one." | WIKI |
Page:Plutarch's Lives (Clough, v.2, 1865).djvu/200
192 which the faint-hearted man not having the spirit for, and made effeminate by I know not what hopes, allowed himself to appear as a part of his own spoils. After these were cariued four hundred crowns, all made of gold, sent from the cities by their respective deputations to Æmilius, in honor of his victory. Then he himself came, seated on a chariot magnificently adorned (a man well worthy to be looked at, even without these ensigns of power), dressed in a robe of purple, interwoven with gold, and holding a laurel branch in his right hand. All the army, in like manner, with boughs of laurel in their hands, divided into their bands and companies, followed the chariot of their commander; some singing verses, according to the usual custom, mingled with raillery; others, songs of triumph, and the praise of Æmilius's deeds; who, indeed, was admired and accounted happy by all men, and unenvied by every one that was good; except so far as it seems the province of some god to lessen that happiness which is too great and inordinate, and so to mingle the affairs of human life that no one should be entirely free and exempt from calamities; but, as we read in Homer, that those should think themselves truly blessed to whom fortune has given an equal share of good and evil.
Æmilius had four sons, of whom Scipio and Fabius, as is already related, were adopted into other families; the other two, whom he had by a second wife, and who were yet but young, he brought up in his own house. One of | WIKI |
Dean of Canterbury
The Dean of Canterbury is the head of the Chapter of the Cathedral of Christ Church, Canterbury, England. The current office of Dean originated after the English Reformation, although Deans had also existed before this time; its immediate precursor office was the prior of the cathedral-monastery.
The current Dean, David Monteith was installed on 17 December 2022, and is the 40th Dean since the Reformation, though the position of Dean and Prior as the religious head of the community is almost identical so the line is unbroken back to the time of the foundation of the community by Saint Augustine in AD 597. The previous Dean, the Very Rev. Robert Willis, was appointed in 2001 and retired on 16 May 2022, a day before his 75th birthday.
Version on show in the Cathedral (west end)
* Ceolnoth 820
* Aegelwyn 830
* Alfric
* Kensyn
* Maurice
* Aelfwyn 930
* Alsine 935
* Aelfwyn II 951
* Athelsine
* Aegelnoth 984 (Æthelnoth, later Archbishop of Canterbury)
* Egelric 1020
* Goderic 1058
Victoria County History, 1926
* Cuba, occurs 798
* Beornheard, occurs 805
* Heahfrith, occurs 813
* Ceolnoth, resigned 833
* Æthelwine, occurs c. 860
* Eadmund, occurs c.871
* Æthelnoth, resigned 1020
* Godric, occurs 1020, 1023
* Æthelric, resigned 1058
* Ælfric
* Ælfsige
* Ælfwine
* Ælfwine
* Kynsige
* Maurice
Priors of Canterbury
About a century after becoming a monastic foundation late in the 10th century, the Cathedral started to be headed by a prior rather than a dean. It would next have a dean after the Dissolution of the Monasteries.
Early modern
* 1541–1567 Nicholas Wotton (the first dean; simultaneously Dean of York)
* 1567–1584 Thomas Godwin
* 1584–1597 Richard Rogers
* 1597–1615 Thomas Nevile
* 1615–1619 Charles Fotherby
* 1619–1625 John Boys
* 1625–1643 Isaac Bargrave
* 1643 George Aglionby
* 1643–1672 Thomas Turner
* 1672–1689 John Tillotson
* 1689–1691 John Sharp (afterwards Archbishop of York, 1691)
* 1691–1704 George Hooper
* 1704–1728 George Stanhope
* 1728–1733 Elias Sydall
* 1734–1760 John Lynch
* 1760–1766 William Freind
* 1766–1770 John Potter
* 1770–1771 Brownlow North
* 1771–1775 John Moore
* 1775–1781 The Hon James Cornwallis
* 1781–1790 George Horne
* 1790–1792 William Buller
* 1793–1797 Folliott Cornewall
Late modern
* 1797–1809 Thomas Powys
* 1809–1825 Gerrard Andrewes
* 1825–1827 Hugh Percy
* 1827–1845 Richard Bagot
* 1845–1857 William Lyall
* 1857–1871 Henry Alford
* 1871–1895 Robert Payne Smith
* 1895–1903 Frederic Farrar
* 1903–1924 Henry Wace
* 1924–1929 George Bell
* 1929–1931 Dick Sheppard
* 1931–1963 Hewlett Johnson
* 1963–1976 Ian White-Thomson
* 1976–1986 Victor de Waal
* 1986–2000 John Simpson
* 2000–2022 Robert Willis
* 2022−present David Monteith | WIKI |
CIDER: How do you experiment with libraries using REPL-driven dev?
Hi guys, I’m doing something wrong.
I’m using CIDER and I have a nice REPL set up, however I find out that I need a library of some sort, so I add it to my project.clj config, and then to my ns form. I run
lein do clean, compile
Finally, I eval the form and boom I get an exception:
1. Unhandled java.io.FileNotFoundException
Could not locate honeysql/core__init.class, honeysql/core.clj or
honeysql/core.cljc on classpath.
Now, my reaction is to restart the REPL, so I hit ",: and then type “restart” in the mini buffer. However, I still get the exception above when I try to eval the ns form. So I have to do an “adios” and start a new cider repl. Meanwhile the lein repl runs without complaints.
It is usually not a biggie as I try to store as little state as possible in the repl and try to type out as much as possible using comment or _# in a file, but I think it would be more seamless not to restart the repl at all and just do a reload of some sort.
Injecting dependencies into a running program isn’t something that is very well supported by the JVM.
There are attempts to do this in Clojure, with various levels of success. I have used them in the past, especially for just messing around and trying things out.
The one for lein is called Pomegranate
And for deps.edn, you can still use Pomegranate, or you can try the add-lib branch of tools.deps.
1 Like | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:The Journal of Classical and Sacred Philology, Volume 1, 1854.djvu/204
194 Journal of Philology. The Chevalier Bunsen says (Vol. I. p. 215) "I have proved 14 in the Description of Rome that this (spot) was the place of the old Christian catacombs, called 'in Agro Verano,' a locality on the ancient Tiburtine road. That Hippc^us' remains were deposited here is attested by an authority greater as well as more ancient than that of the Spanish post. The Calendarium Liberianum of the year 352 (?354) has the following article on the anniversary festival of St Hippolytus : ' Idib. Aug. Hippolyti in via Tiburtini* This indeed is the only authentic day connected with the history and memory of Hippolytus. Prudentius also says The value of the record in the calendar we will consider presently, but first we will observe how much is built upon it. The fourth volume of Bunsen's work opens with an account of the author's views of church-matters in England, many of them long ago published, and contains several terse statements on interesting points as that the second epistle of St Peter is not St Peter's ; and that it does not at all matter whether the book of Daniel was written by Daniel, or forged ; and that Hippolytus wrote with much imperfection and presumption on the subject of Antichrist; and that the Baptism of Infants was a novelty of the 3rd century with other propositions concerning things too sacred for us to handle here. Hippolytus is recalled to earth to be the brazen head through whom these oracles are uttered; they are entitled his Apology. But its contents are not so much to us just now as its outside and the prefixed announcement that it is delivered upon and in honour of " The Ides of August mdcccli being the Anniversary of the Deposition of the Remains of St Hippolytus in the Catacombs of the Ager Veranus." It is with these Ides of August that we are concerned, and of them Bunsen says, in a note on the above title, (Vol. rv. p. 119) (1) " The proof (of the deposition on that day) is to be found in the very words of the old Roman Martyrology, ' Id. Aug. Roma? natalis SS. Hippolyti Martyris, Pontiani Episcopi, Cornelii.' " (2) He adds from "another calendar" (to which we shall refer presently as the Martyrologium Hieronymianum) the entry of Hippolytus' natal day or martyrdom on another day, 8. Id. 14 The fact however had long been his description of St Lorenzo's, and no well known. Ciampini assume* it in does Aringhi.iforaa&t&terr. Vol. rv.i6. 3.
* Idibus Augusti &c.' " | WIKI |
Silkerformer 2009R2 uses an architectural de-coupling of the Silkerformer virtual user and the SAPGUI ActiveX control. This means that if there is a crash or failure of the SAPGUI process, the SilkPerformer virtual user measurements are retained. This is done by running 1 SAPGUI replay process per SilkPerformer virtual user. The SAPGUI replay process is called PerfSapGuiReplay.exe and runs inside each perfrun.exe.
The affected virtual user process automatically restarts (in the background) on a SAPGUI API timeout or crash so Silk Performer 2009R2 now recognizes and reports potential instabilities of the SAPGUI client. This reduces the number of test failures when problems occur within SAPGUI itself and allows for more reliable testing.
One additional feature introduced in Silk Performer 2009R2 is the new SapGuiRestart() function. This allows for the tester to force a restart of the SAPGUI engine if an unstable or inconsistent state is detected. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
The history of sports in the United States is replete with bravado and achievement, but one of the unsung heroes is Major Taylor, the first black American sports world hero. Major was a celebrated track cyclist who broke records and blazed trails throughout his life in the early twentieth century. This week, the United States Congress is considering honoring Major Taylor with a bill that would recognize his legacy and achievements, securing his place in history as one of America’s greatest sports icons.
Major Taylor’s life story began in humble fashion. He was born in 1878, just four years after the end of the Civil War, in an area of what is now Indianapolis. His parents, former slaves, had little money and often scraped by with whatever work they could find. Despite the difficulties of his early life, Major always had ambition and a passion for cycling. Thanks to a white benefactor, he was able to purchase a used bike and enter cycling competitions before he even reached the legal age to ride in races.
It was not long until Major was turning heads. By 1896, at just 18 years old, he had risen to compete on the same stage as the greatest cyclists of the day. He became the first African American to hold major cycling titles such as the Sprint World Champion, the U.S. Champion, and the World Record Holder. Throughout his racing career, Major was often met with extreme prejudice, including death threats, unfair rules, and violent attacks. Despite all of these difficulties, Major never backed down and continued to rise to the top of American cycling.
At the end of Major’s racing career, he had set 26 world records, and was a national hero and beloved figure in Europe and the United States. After his retirement in 1910, Major continued to be an advocate for cycling with his organization, the Major Taylor Association. In spite of his successes, Major’s contributions have often been overlooked and he has not had an official day of celebration. This week, however, United States Congress is considering honoring Major Taylor with House Bill 2233, which would officially recognize his life’s work and contributions to American sport. This important recognition would secure Major Taylor’s legacy in history and ensure that future generations remember the remarkable life and achievements of the first black American sports world hero. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Page:The Book of Scottish Song.djvu/544
526
[" my heart that we should sunder" is, the name of a very old tune, at least as old as the reign of James the sixth, but the original words to the tune are lost. The two following songs are by. The second is one of Peggie's songs in "The Gentle Shepherd."]
broken words, and downcast eyes,
Poor Colin spoke his passion tender;
And, parting with his Grisy, cries,
Ah! woe's my heart that we should sunder.
To others I am cold as snow,
But kindle with thine eyes like tinder:
From thee with pain I'm forced to go;
It breaks my heart that we should sunder.
Chain'd to thy charms, I cannot range,
No beauty new my love shall hinder,
Nor time nor place shall ever change
My vows, though we're obligeil to sunder.
The image of thy graceful air,
And beauties which invite our wonder,
Thy lively wit and prudence rare,
Shall still be present though we sunder.
Dear nymph, believe thy swain in this,
You'll ne'er engage a heart that 's kinder;
Then seal a promise with a kiss,
Always to leve me though we sunder.
Ye gods! take care of my dear lass,
That as I leave her I may find her;
When that blest time shall come to pass,
We'll meet again and never sunder.
II.
on—speak thus, and still my grief,
Hold up a heart that's sinking under
These fears that soon will want relief,
When Pate must from his Peggy sunder.
A gentler face, and silk attire,
A lady rich, in beauty's blossom,
Alack, poor me! will now conspire
To steal thee from thy Peggy's bosom.
Nae mair the shepherd wha excell'd
The rest, whase wit made them to wonder,
Shall now his Peggy's praises tell;
Ah! I can die, but never sunder.
Ye meadows, where we alien stray'd,
Ye banks, where we were wont to wander,
Sweet-scented rucks, round which we play'd,
You'll lose your sweets when we're asunder.
Again, ah! shall I never creep
Around the knowe with silent duty,
Kindly to watch thee, while asleep,
And wonder at thy manly beauty?
Hear, heaven, while solemnly I vow,
Tho' thou should'st prove a wand'ring lover,
Through life to thee I shall prove true,
Nor be a wife to any other.
[ song appears in Ruddiman's Edinburgh Magazine for April, 1758. Burns says that the author was a Mr., purser of the Solbay man of war.]
more my song shall be, ye swains,
Of purling streams, or flowery plains;
More pleasing beauties me inspire,
And Phœbus tunes the warbling lyre;
Divinely aided, thus I mean
To celebrate my Highland queen.
In her, sweet innocence ye'll find,
With freedom, truth, and beauty join'd;
From pride and affectation free,
Alike she smiles on you and me.
The brightest nymph that trips the green,
I do pronounce my Highland queen.
No sordid wish, or trifling joy,
Her settled calm of mind destroy;
Strict honour fills her spotless soul,
And adds a lustre to the whole;
A matchless shape, a graceful mien,
All centre in my Highland queen.
How blest that youth, whom gentle fate
Has destined for so fair a mate!
Has all these wond'rous gifts in store,
And each returning day brings more;
No youth so happy can be seen,
Possessing thee, my Highland queen. | WIKI |
List of Toledo Maroons players
This is a list of known American football players who have played for the Kenosha Maroons of the National Football League in 1924. It includes players that have played at least one match with the team.
A
Dunc Annan
B
Don Batchelor, Al Burgin
C
Marty Conrad
E
Howard Edwards
F
Guil Falcon, Frank FitzGerald
G
Joe Gillis, Casimir Gozdowski
H
Cowboy Hill, Tommy Holleran, Steamer Horning, Ben Hunt
J
Cliff Jetmore, Jerry Jones, Reno Jones
K
John Kellison, Clancy Kelly, Jim Kendrick, Gus King, Heinie Kirkgard
L
Dutch Lauer
M
Tom Mcnamara, Cy Myers
O
Chuck O'Neil
P
Dwight Peabody, Elmer Petrie, Bob Phelan
R
Jim Roberts, Tubby Roush
S
Buck Saunders, Jimmy Simpson, Herb Stein, Russ Stein, Frank Seyfrit, Dutch Strauss
T
John Tanner, Festus Tierney
V
Tillie Voss
W
Rat Watson, Wilbur White | WIKI |
3M Company Tops Q3 EPS Street View On Flat Sales; Narrows Guidance to Below Views, Off Pre-Bell
3M Company ( MMM ), the manufacturing conglomerate, Tuesday reported Q3 earnings just above street view and sales just under expectations, and narrowed and lowered midpoint of 2016 full-year EPS guidance. 3M shares traded down pre-bell 1.5%.
3M reported Q3 EPS of $2.15, a penny above the Street view of $2.14, and up from $2.05 a year earlier.
The company reported Q3 revenues of $7.71 billion, a sliver below the Street view of $7.72 billion, and unchanged from $7.71 billion a year earlier.
In guidance, 3M said for full-year 2016 it expects "earnings per share to be in the range of $8.15 to $8.20 versus a prior range of $8.15 to $8.30. Analysts have been expecting FY EPS of $8.21. The company now expects organic local-currency sales growth to be approximately flat versus a previous range of 0% to 1%."
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
Copyright (C) 2016 MTNewswires.com. All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is strictly prohibited.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Page:Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, Volume 1.djvu/450
Rh AND OTHER CONDITIONS OF MATTER.
437
It will alfio be eTident, firom stadying these two systems of arrange- ment, that in the one case every particle disposing itself near the north pole has a tendency to attract those which are influenced by the south pole ; whereas the diamagnetic particles adjusting themselyes under the influence of north polar force, and those which are controled by the power of the other pole, have mutually a tendency to repel each other.
8. The object in view being to ascertain the influence of magnetic force in directing the order of molecular arrangement, it was neces- sary to use magnets of considerable power, and so to dispose them, and the other parts of the apparatus, that the body under experiment should be free to arrange itself in any manner obediently to the polar currents, which should have full power to act, from both poles, on the particles of matter, whilst they are held in suspension between molecular and magnetic forces. It was found most convenient to use a horse-shoe-shaped electro-magnet, so arranged that glass or metal plates could be placed upon the poles. Fig. 3 exhibits the form of my apparatus.
Fig. 3.
It consists of a bar of soft' iron, two inches in diameter and fifteen inches long, bent into a U form ; around which seven coils of copper wire are wound. For the purpose of removing the body under exa- mination as £Bur as possible from the influence of the current which circulates through the wires, when they are connected with the voltaic battery, round pieces of iron, of the same diameter as the iron of the
Digitized by
Google | WIKI |
Page:Popular Science Monthly Volume 33.djvu/318
First of all, the water-seal must be deep—never less than four inches—and this seal must be exposed to view for reasons which will be hereafter given. Again, there must be a considerable depth of standing water in the bowl of the closet, to deodorize fecal matter and to secure cleanliness. The outlet of the bowl must also be completely submerged, to prevent its becoming foul and offensive from use. The closet should invariably have some device for maintaining the water-seal against loss from evaporation.
The traps of water-closets are especially exposed to the danger of losing their seal. This happens frequently from the effect of wind and other atmospheric disturbances. An open fire in an adjoining room, or a ventilator near by, may cause this loss of seal from sudden draughts of air, and sewer-air frequently has free entrance into houses for hours and even days at a time when the danger is not suspected by the occupants, since the water-seal of the trap, in badly constructed fixtures, is wholly concealed from view.
In a series of careful experiments, conducted by the writer, it was observed that even in well-ventilated soil-pipes, strong air-currents prevail to such an extent as to cause the water-seal of traps to fluctuate with a quick rise and fall, so that enough water is soon spilled over the outlet of traps to unseal them entirely. The results of these experiments have recently been fully confirmed by other investigators.
Of course, the more shallow the seal, the greater is the danger of its being destroyed from any cause; and for this reason a considerable depth of water is required in the trap of every water-closet, it is necessary, also, that this seal should be plainly exposed to view, in order that any loss of water from the causes just mentioned, or by leakage, may be readily noticed.
But it will be observed that the water-closets in most common use have an extremely shallow seal. The reason of this is that, with the imperfect means employed for flushing them, a greater depth of water in the trap can not be allowed, since it would seriously retard the outward flow of waste-water. The common | WIKI |
Hair loss can happen for a variety of reasons, and fortunately there are many women’s hair loss solutions available. Although hair loss is often considered a male problem, it actually does affect many women too.
It is believed that as many as half of all women who have Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) go undiagnosed. Despite this, PCOS has a wide range of symptoms, and one of the most obvious and distressing ones is hair loss.
What Is PCOS?
PCOS is when the ovaries become enlarged and contain many follicular cysts. PCOS is estimated to affect around 1 in 10 women of child-bearing age, making it unfortunately very common. To make matters worse, it is not known what causes PCOS. It is related to the levels of certain hormones in the body, particularly to high levels of insulin. PCOS is usually a hereditary condition, and it can be passed down by either parent. To make matters worse, a cruel irony of PCOS is that not only does it cause hair loss on the scalp, but actually causes unwanted hair growth around such areas as the face, breasts, and stomach.
PCOS causes a large amount of testosterone to develop in the body, which is referred to as dihydrotestosterone (DHT). This condition causes the hair follicles to shrink, which slows down and eventually stops hair growth altogether.
Women’s Hair Loss Solutions For PCOS
Women experiencing PCOS-related hair loss must take care of their existing hair. Hairlogica have been helping women with PCOS for years with our first-rate hair loss treatment for women, and we can help you too.
Besides our treatment, we recommend avoiding harsh chemicals, such as perms, colours, and bleach being put into the hair. Affected women should not use hair products containing sulfates or alcohol either. Allow your hair to have some time between washes so your natural oils can nourish your hair.
Treat Your Hair Today
Is PCOS affecting your hairline? Contact Hairlogica today on (03) 8844 9600 to inquire about our hair loss treatment for women. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
zizania
Etymology
Borrowed from.
Noun
* 1) Any of several aquatic North American grasses, of the genus, grown for their edible grain; wild rice.
Etymology
Originally a neuter plural form (see ), which could be subject to a highly productive process of reinterpretation as collective feminine singular.
Pronunciation
* Note: the /a/ is apparently long in Sumerian, unattested in Greek, scanned variously in Latin. The length of the /i/ before the underlyingly-geminate /z/ is unknown.
* Note: the /a/ is apparently long in Sumerian, unattested in Greek, scanned variously in Latin. The length of the /i/ before the underlyingly-geminate /z/ is unknown. | WIKI |
User:Slicker123/Slick Beats
Slick Beats Slick Beats are Gabriel Russel and Issy. The duet was formed in 2010 and it is the hot newcomer in the Greek dance scene. | WIKI |
Your digestive system turns the food you eat into parts it can use for energy and nutrients. The first part of the digestive system is the mouth. Food gets broken down in the mouth through chewing. Saliva also helps to break down food. The stomach is an organ with strong walls that hold in food while it breaks them down further. The intestines are the last steps of the digestion process. These long tubes are responsible for absorbing most of the food's nutrients.
Your digestive system is susceptible to certain problems. Ailments like GERD, IBS, and food poisoning target the digestive tract. Luckily, this is one of the systems in your body that is the most impacted by the foods you eat. Diets like the Bland, BRAT, Ketogenic, and Atkins diet have origins in medicine.
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Disclaimer
This site offers information designed for educational purposes only. You should not rely on any information on this site as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment, or as a substitute for, professional counseling care, advice, diagnosis, or treatment. If you have any concerns or questions about your health, you should always consult with a physician or other health-care professional. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:AlexisLPS/sandbox
Blog: Hello There I'm Alexis Durwood U May have Hear Of Me On Twitter As Carrie In This Show Called Grojband That Came On Cartoon Network In 2013 In Summer Time Before I change My Twitter Account From Alexis Durwood To Carrie Beff I Try to Get My Most Favorite TV Show Grojband Back On TV It Was Not Working Good As I Hope.& Changed My Twitter Account From Alexis Durwood To One Of My Favorite Charaters In Grojband (Carrie Beff. WEBSITES I'M ON: Twitter Wiki Club penguin Webkinz
MY FAVORITE TV SHOWS: THE BIBLE A.D. Switched at Birth SpongeBob Grojband
My Favorite Color Green Baby Blue
Anyways That Was Boring So Here is My Twitter Account (Carrie Beff @WoodCutie) P.S. And I'm a Christian And I LOVE THE WITH ALL MY HEART!! :)
~Alexis Durwood :) | WIKI |
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