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Per-pixel lighting
In computer graphics, per-pixel lighting refers to any technique for lighting an image or scene that calculates illumination for each pixel on a rendered image. This is in contrast to other popular methods of lighting such as vertex lighting, which calculates illumination at each vertex of a 3D model and then interpolates the resulting values over the model's faces to calculate the final per-pixel color values.
Per-pixel lighting is commonly used with techniques, such as blending, alpha blending, alpha to coverage, anti-aliasing, texture filtering, clipping, hidden-surface determination, Z-buffering, stencil buffering, shading, mipmapping, normal mapping, bump mapping, displacement mapping, parallax mapping, shadow mapping, specular mapping, shadow volumes, high-dynamic-range rendering, ambient occlusion (screen space ambient occlusion, screen space directional occlusion, ray-traced ambient occlusion), ray tracing, global illumination, and tessellation. Each of these techniques provides some additional data about the surface being lit or the scene and light sources that contributes to the final look and feel of the surface.
Most modern video game engines implement lighting using per-pixel techniques instead of vertex lighting to achieve increased detail and realism. The id Tech 4 engine, used to develop such games as Brink and Doom 3, was one of the first game engines to implement a completely per-pixel shading engine. All versions of the CryENGINE, Frostbite Engine, and Unreal Engine, among others, also implement per-pixel shading techniques.
Deferred shading is a recent development in per-pixel lighting notable for its use in the Frostbite Engine and Battlefield 3. Deferred shading techniques are capable of rendering potentially large numbers of small lights inexpensively (other per-pixel lighting approaches require full-screen calculations for each light in a scene, regardless of size).
History
While only recently have personal computers and video hardware become powerful enough to perform full per-pixel shading in real-time applications such as games, many of the core concepts used in per-pixel lighting models have existed for decades.
Frank Crow published a paper describing the theory of shadow volumes in 1977. This technique uses the stencil buffer to specify areas of the screen that correspond to surfaces that lie in a "shadow volume", or a shape representing a volume of space eclipsed from a light source by some object. These shadowed areas are typically shaded after the scene is rendered to buffers by storing shadowed areas with the stencil buffer.
Jim Blinn first introduced the idea of normal mapping in a 1978 SIGGRAPH paper. Blinn pointed out that the earlier idea of unlit texture mapping proposed by Edwin Catmull was unrealistic for simulating rough surfaces. Instead of mapping a texture onto an object to simulate roughness, Blinn proposed a method of calculating the degree of lighting a point on a surface should receive based on an established "perturbation" of the normals across the surface.
Hardware rendering
Real-time applications, such as video games, usually implement per-pixel lighting through the use of pixel shaders, allowing the GPU hardware to process the effect. The scene to be rendered is first rasterized onto a number of buffers storing different types of data to be used in rendering the scene, such as depth, normal direction, and diffuse color. Then, the data is passed into a shader and used to compute the final appearance of the scene, pixel-by-pixel.
Deferred shading is a per-pixel shading technique that has recently become feasible for games. With deferred shading, a "g-buffer" is used to store all terms needed to shade a final scene on the pixel level. The format of this data varies from application to application depending on the desired effect, and can include normal data, positional data, specular data, diffuse data, emissive maps and albedo, among others. Using multiple render targets, all of this data can be rendered to the g-buffer with a single pass, and a shader can calculate the final color of each pixel based on the data from the g-buffer in a final "deferred pass".
Software rendering
Per-pixel lighting is also performed in software on many high-end commercial rendering applications which typically do not render at interactive framerates. This is called offline rendering or software rendering. NVidia's mental ray rendering software, which is integrated with such suites as Autodesk's Softimage is a well-known example. | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Lou Kravitz
The result was keep. Further discussion of redirecting/merging on the article's talk page is encouraged. A rbitrarily 0 ( talk ) 21:29, 19 November 2011 (UTC)
Lou Kravitz
* – ( View AfD View log )
Not a player, more of a nobody. Run amok in the country (talk) 00:12, 11 November 2011 (UTC)
* Delete Mentioned a single time in the book listed on the page with no substantial detail. I could not find Kravitz discussed in-depth in any other books or news sources. Doesn't meet notability requirements for WP:BIO. I, Jethrobot drop me a line (note: not a bot!) 01:56, 11 November 2011 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Crime-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 02:31, 11 November 2011 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of People-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 02:31, 11 November 2011 (UTC)
* Keep—There's no question that sources are hard to find. I couldn't find much outside of proquest, but there's plenty from the NYT from 1929 through 1939. I put about a fifth of them into the article, where they can be seen and evaluated. There's more to add about his involvement with Lepke and narcotics importation, but I don't have time tonight. here's the proquest search if anyone else wants to take a whack at it before I can get back to it.— alf.laylah.wa.laylah (talk) 05:35, 11 November 2011 (UTC)
* I've looked through these articles using my university account access. He is mentioned in each of them, but only in passing as a lackey of Lepke or in a list of a slew of other associates that Lepke had. He is given all of two sentences in this article, "2 New Witnesses link Lepke to Ring":
* ''She subsequently received $12,000 dollars from Katzenberg "that he got from Louis Kravitz," she went on. Kravitz, a fugitive in the case, had previously been described as a business manager for Lepke.
* There is also an article briefly describing an active police search for Kravitz, noting that he went under another psuedonym. Really, this doesn't seem substantial enough for its own article. His involvement with Lepke is certainly verifiable, I'm not sure if it's notable enough for its own article because there just isn't enough coverage of him specifically. Perhaps it might be better to merge relevant info to the Louis "Lepke" Buchalter. I've struck my delete above. I, Jethrobot drop me a line (note: not a bot!) 06:27, 11 November 2011 (UTC)
* Yeah, I can see that this case is borderline re: notability. The thing that tipped me into a keep was the $1000 reward 2 years after the big Lepke drug ring roundup, but I'll certainly still be able to sleep at night if this gets merged to Lepke's article.— alf.laylah.wa.laylah (talk) 06:37, 11 November 2011 (UTC)
* Keep - Per sources currently in the article. While they are behind a paywall, they appear to establish topic notability per the General notability guideline. Northamerica1000 (talk) 03:23, 12 November 2011 (UTC)
* Delete The sources may mention him in passing, they don't establish his notability. --Cox wasan (talk) 22:18, 12 November 2011 (UTC)
* Comment - Do you have access to the paywalled site for the references in the article to verify your statement? Northamerica1000 (talk) 16:00, 14 November 2011 (UTC)
* Keep - well-documented mobster over a ten-year period, as attested by reliable sources. His arrest was also a test case for inchoate offenses. Louis Kay was famous in his day. Once notable, always thus so. Bearian (talk) 21:31, 14 November 2011 (UTC)
* Redirect to an article about the crime since he does not appear to have any notability that is not somehow connected to that particular event. The sources I find refer to him as "Louis Kravitz" rather than "Lou Kravitz", so I'm wondering if the article title should be changed if the article is kept. A photo of him can be found here on page 245. Location (talk) 13:43, 16 November 2011 (UTC)
| WIKI |
project/
SSL Validator
2020
Screenshot of SSL Validator
Laravel, Bootstrap, MySQL.
A website that checks a domain's SSL certificate details, IP address and DNS servers.
How it works
A user enters a domain on the site and the domain is queried to the database to check if it has already been checked previously.
If the domain has already been checked previously, it will return the results from the database, if not, it will fetch the latest SSL information.
Fetching new SSL information can also be done manually by adding fresh on the request. Cleaning up the results on the database was not part of this project.
Code snippet
SSLCheck.php->check()
<?php
public function check(Request $request)
{
$domain = $request->input('domain');
$fresh = $request->input('fresh');
$this->validate($request, [
'domain' => ['required', 'regex:/^(?!:\/\/)(?=.{1,255}$)((.{1,63}\.){1,127}(?![0-9]*$)[a-z0-9-]+\.?)$/i']
]);
$parse_domain_input = parse_url($domain);
$domain = isset($parse_domain_input['host']) ? $parse_domain_input['host'] : $domain;
$data = $this->getDbResults($domain);
if ($fresh) {
$data = $this->getFreshResults($domain);
}
if (!$data) {
$error = 'Could not download certificate for host.';
$data = compact('error');
}
return view('sslcheck.index', $data);
}
Design
The client didn't require any special design. I've used bare Bootstrap components and FontAwesome for this project.
Project post
You may view the project posted at https://www.freelancer.com/projects/php/need-someone-create-PHP-script.
My Spotify is currently offline. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Discovering the Best Allergy Medication for Vegan Diets!
Discovering the Best Allergy Medication for Vegan Diets!
Living with allergies can be a challenge, especially when you’re on a special diet such as veganism. Everything from pet dander to pollen can make it difficult to breathe and can even cause severe reactions. Thankfully, there are plenty of options for vegan allergy medication to help you stay healthy and symptom-free. Here, we’ll discuss the best allergy medication for vegan diets so you can get relief from your allergies without relying on animal-based products.
What Causes Allergies?
Allergies are caused by the body’s immune system overreacting to harmless substances, such as dust mites, pollen, or pet dander. The body perceives these substances as foreign invaders and produces antibodies to fight them. As a result, your body releases chemicals such as histamines, which cause the symptoms of an allergic reaction, such as sneezing, coughing, watery eyes, and a runny nose.
Understanding What Makes a Medication Vegan-Friendly
When it comes to selecting vegan allergy medication, the main thing to look for is whether or not the medication is animal-derived. Animal-based ingredients in medication often include gelatin, glycerin, and lactose, which can all be derived from animals. So, when selecting a vegan-friendly allergy medication, it’s important to look for products that are free of animal-based ingredients.
Types of Vegan Allergy Medication
There are several types of vegan allergy medication available, from pills and capsules to nasal sprays and eye drops. Pills, capsules, and tablets typically contain non-animal-based ingredients such as plant-based starches, D-mannitol, and magnesium stearate. Nasal sprays and eye drops often contain plant-based preservatives and other plant-based ingredients. Some of the most popular brands of vegan allergy medication include Allegra, Benadryl, Claritin, and Zyrtec.
See also Is the Shake Shack mushroom burger vegan?
Things to Consider Before Taking Allergy Medication
No matter what type of allergy medication you choose, it’s important to speak to your doctor before taking it. Allergy medications can interact with other medications, such as blood thinners, so it’s important to consult your doctor first. Additionally, some allergy medications can make you drowsy, so it’s important to know how it will affect your daily activities. Once you’ve spoken to your doctor and determined the best course of action, you can confidently choose the vegan allergy medication that is right for you.
Natural Alternatives to Allergy Medication
If you’re looking for a natural alternative to allergy medication, there are plenty of vegan-friendly options available. Using a saline rinse or neti pot can help to clear out your sinuses and reduce allergy symptoms, as can consuming plenty of Vitamin C. Additionally, taking probiotics can help to regulate your immune system, which can reduce your symptoms. You can also try herbal remedies, such as butterbur or stinging nettles, to help with your allergies.
Living with allergies can be difficult, but it doesn’t have to be. With the right vegan allergy medication, you can get relief from your symptoms without relying on animal-based products. Consider talking to your doctor about your options and trying out some natural remedies, and you’ll soon be able to safely manage your allergies so you can get back to living your best life.
Leave a Comment
en_USEnglish | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:A Good Snowman Is Hard to Build
Refs
* http://indiegames.com/2014/04/interview_a_good_snowman.html
* http://indiegames.com/2014/12/a_good_snowman_is_hard_to_buil_1.html
* http://www.gamezebo.com/2015/12/10/a-good-snowman-is-hard-to-build-review-easy-to-love/
* http://www.pocketgamer.co.uk/r/iPad/A+Good+Snowman+Is+Hard+To+Build/news.asp?c=58814
* http://www.pocketgamer.co.uk/r/iPad/A+Good+Snowman+Is+Hard+To+Build/news.asp?c=60754
* http://www.pocketgamer.co.uk/r/iPad/A+Good+Snowman+Is+Hard+To+Build/news.asp?c=67381
* http://www.pocketgamer.co.uk/r/iPad/A+Good+Snowman+Is+Hard+To+Build/news.asp?c=68391
* http://www.pocketgamer.co.uk/r/iPad/A+Good+Snowman+Is+Hard+To+Build/news.asp?c=68500
* http://www.pocketgamer.co.uk/r/iPad/A+Good+Snowman+Is+Hard+To+Build/review.asp?c=68577
* http://www.pocketgamer.co.uk/r/iPad/A+Good+Snowman+Is+Hard+To+Build/news.asp?c=72717
* http://www.stuff.tv/app-reviews/good-snowman-hard-build/review
* https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2014/04/09/a-good-snowman-is-hard-to-build-preview-sokobond-puzzle/
* https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2014/07/02/a-good-snowman-is-hard-to-build-video/
* https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2014/12/22/a-good-snowman-is-hard-to-build/
* https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2015/01/22/how-to-make-a-puzzle-game/
* http://time.com/collection-post/4579066/the-top-10-apps-2016/
* http://www.pcgamer.com/a-good-snowman-is-hard-to-build-trailer-introduces-the-charming-chilly-puzzler/
* http://www.gamezone.com/originals/dr-david-s-indie-roundup-a-good-snowman-is-hard-to-build-guacamelee-ruah-and-sunless-sea
* http://www.technologytell.com/gaming/143421/good-snowman-hard-build-review-yes-want-build-snowman/
* http://kotaku.com/a-game-where-you-can-snuggle-snowmen-1674743738
* http://www.polygon.com/2015/2/24/8105027/this-game-is-setting-its-price-according-to-the-weather
* http://www.hardcoregamer.com/2014/12/22/a-good-snowman-is-hard-to-build-trailer-shows-most-adorable-sokoban-ever/125309/
* https://www.engadget.com/2015/02/26/temperature-price-snowman-indie-game/
* http://toucharcade.com/games/a-good-snowman-is-hard-to-build
* http://archive.is/z1evp | WIKI |
Jason Hirsh
Jason Michael Hirsh (born February 20, 1982) is an American former starting pitcher in Major League Baseball. In his career, he pitched for the Houston Astros and the Colorado Rockies. He stands at 6' 8" and weighs 250 lb. He batted and threw right-handed. He threw a two-seam fastball, a four-seam fastball, a slider, and a changeup.
Hirsh was not highly recruited out of high school, but after attending California Lutheran University, he was drafted by the Houston Astros in the second round of the 2003 Major League Baseball Draft. From 2005–06, Hirsh won the Double-A Texas League Pitcher of the Year Award and the Triple-A Pacific Coast League Pitcher of the Year Award in successive seasons, as he went a combined 26–10 with 283 strikeouts. In 2006, he was called up to the major leagues for the first time, and he appeared in nine games with the Astros. During the offseason, he was traded to the Colorado Rockies. He was named to the Rockies' starting rotation in 2007 and made a career-high 19 starts before injuries curtailed his season. In 2008, he was limited to four games with the Rockies due to injuries; as it turned out, those would be his last game in the major leagues. He spent the next two season in the minors, getting traded to the New York Yankees (whom he never played in the major leagues with) in 2009.
Early and personal life
Hirsh was born in Santa Monica, California. His father is Michael Hirsch.
The Astros drafted and signed Hirsh's younger brother Matt (6 ft 5 in; 235 lbs.), another Cal Lutheran right-handed pitcher, in the 30th round in 2005. Matt went 1–2, 5.61, in 2005 at Rookie-level Greeneville. Released by the Astros on June 12, 2006, Matt signed with the St. Louis Cardinals in September 2006. He never pitched in the Cardinals' organization and finished his career with two independent league teams in 2007.
Hirsh is Jewish, and he keeps track of all the Jewish players in major league baseball. In 2007, the Rockies had a strong Christian influence in their clubhouse; The New York Times said, "Christianity rocks in Colorado's clubhouse." On this, Hirsh said, "There are guys who are religious, sure, but they don’t impress it upon anybody. It’s not like they hung a cross in my locker or anything. They’ve accepted me for who I am, and what I believe in."
He married Pamela Clark in 2007. On November 5, 2009, Hirsh and his wife had a baby boy, Brady Antoine Hirsh.
High school
Hirsh was only 5' 11" as a freshman in high school, and failed to make the basketball team, whereupon he decided to focus on baseball. "Baseball was it for me," said Hirsh. "High school turned out to be one big growth spurt.... All of a sudden I'm 6-foot-8, and people are like, 'What happened to you?'"
Despite his size by the end of high school, Hirsh drew little interest from scouts out of St. Francis High School of La Cañada, California, because he then threw just 86–88 mph. He went undrafted when he graduated in 2000, and no NCAA Division I programs wanted him, so he wound up at Division III California Lutheran University, which was only 40 minutes from his house.
College
Hirsh attended and played baseball at California Lutheran, where he was a 3-year starter, and flashed a 97 mi/h fastball and a mid-80s slider. His record was 26–6, he had a 2.96 earned run average (ERA), and he struck out 238 batters in 258.1 innings pitched. As of 2013, he is tied for first at the university in career wins (26) and holds the record for the most strikeouts in a game (18). He was a First-Team All-SCIAC twice, as well as an ABCA All-West Region First-Team selection in 2003.
He was drafted by the Houston Astros with their top pick in the second round (59th overall) of the 2003 amateur entry draft, and signed for a $625,000 signing bonus.
Although Hirsh left college after his junior year, he went back after his first minor league season, e-mailing his assignments in from his laptop when he was in the minors to earn a BA in multimedia in 2004.
Minor leagues
In his pro debut, Hirsh went 3–1 for the 2003 Tri-City ValleyCats, with a 1.95 ERA, limiting batters to a .175 average, and striking out 33 hitters in $32 1/3$ innings of work. Following the season, he was rated the No. 8 prospect in the organization by Baseball America. In 2004, he recorded 11 victories with the Single-A advanced Salem Avalanche.
2005: Texas League Pitcher of the Year
For a week in January 2005 he worked with Nolan Ryan at Ryan's off-season pitching camp in Houston. Hirsh said: "The biggest thing I got out of it was the confidence ... [having Astros manager] Phil Garner and Nolan Ryan sit there and tell you that you've got the stuff to be in the big leagues."
Playing for the Double-A Corpus Christi Hooks in 2005, Hirsh pitched two perfect innings for the Texas League's West All Star team in the league All Star Game. He was the Texas League Pitcher of the Week three times. For the season, he went 13–8 with a league-best 165 strikeouts while walking only 42, finishing second in the league with 13 wins and second in ERA (2.87) and innings (172.1), and was named 2005 Texas League Pitcher of the Year, team MVP, and Baseball America Double-A All Star. He also earned Texas League post-season All Star honors.
Baseball America named Hirsh Houston's top prospect heading into the 2006 season; it also listed Hirsh as having the "Best Control" in the organization. Before the season, Houston added him to its 40-man roster. "He's a very mature kid," Astros assistant general manager Ricky Bennett said. "He keeps everything in perspective." With Hirsh in spring training with the major league team, manager Phil Garner summed up his estimation of Hirsh as follows: "'He looks to me like he maintains good concentration. Whatever he's doing, he looks like he focuses at it. He looks like he throws the ball down in the zone well, which is really good for as big as he is. And his stuff's good. He looks like he has some of the other ingredients that you've got to have to go along with having good stuff. He's a good athlete. He swings the bat pretty good, and he moves on the mound well.'"
2006: Pacific Coast League Pitcher of the Year
Hirsh began 2006 with the Triple A Round Rock Express, where he mastered a two-seam and four-seam fastball. He suffered a pinched sciatic nerve in his lower back, and therefore did not pick up a weight until June or July, but he got better through running and extra stretching. He was named the starting pitcher for the U.S. Team at the 2006 MLB All-Star Futures Game in Pittsburgh, and was also named a Triple A All Star, and pitched an inning in that game. On July 26, he set a team record of consecutive innings without an earned run at 46$2⁄3$ innings. He had a season record of 13–2 (including a 12-game winning streak; an Express record), led the league in wins, and had a 2.10 ERA (2nd in the league) and 118 strikeouts (4th in the league) in 137.1 innings, as he held batters to a .193 batting average. Hirsh was named the 2006 Pacific Coast League Pitcher of the Year, the MLB.com 2006 Triple-A Starting Pitcher of the Year, a Baseball America Triple-A All Star, and was also elected to the post-season 2006 All-PCL squad as the top right-handed starting pitcher in the league. "Needless to say, he's had an excellent season," Round Rock manager Jackie Moore said. "He's as consistent from one start to the next as any young pitcher I've been associated with."
He was regarded as the top pitching prospect in the Astros' farm system. He was rated by Baseball America as having the best breaking pitch in the PCL, and the league's ninth best prospect.
During the 2006 season, Hirsh also kept an on-line journal on MiLB.com.
2008–13: Rehab and trade to the New York Yankees
In 2008, Hirsh tried to work back from his rotator cuff problems and rehab his shoulder after May 30 for the Colorado Springs Sky Sox in the Pacific Coast League. With reduced velocity, he was 4–4 in 18 games (17 starts), with a 5.80 ERA in 99.1 innings. The slow pace of his recovery made for what Hirsh admitted was "a very trying season. I was mentally defeated several times this year." He was still not fully recovered when the Rockies recalled him when rosters expanded in September.
Hirsh was sent to the minors to begin 2009. He went 6–7 with a 6.66 ERA in 20 games, 16 of them starts, for Colorado Springs before being traded to the New York Yankees on July 29 for a player to be named later. He was assigned to the Triple-A Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Yankees of the International League. Yankees manager Joe Girardi said the Yankees got Hirsh to add depth to their rotation. He was 4–0 for the team in 6 starts, with a 1.35 ERA.
Hirsh pitched for Scranton/Wilkes-Barre again in 2010. In early August, he was named International League Pitcher of the Week. He finished 2010 with a 9–7 record in 19 starts and a 3.90 ERA with 95 strikeouts in $122 1/3$ innings.
After not pitching in 2011 or 2012, Hirsh made one start for the Amarillo Sox of the independent American Association in 2013, allowing three runs in four innings but earning the win.
Houston Astros (2006)
Hirsh made his major league debut for the Astros on August 12, 2006, allowing four runs in four innings and taking the loss in a 6–3 defeat to the San Diego Padres. On August 17, he won his first game, allowing three runs in $5 1/3$ innings in a 7–3 victory over the Milwaukee Brewers. In celebration, his teammates doused him with beer in the shower after the game. He started 9 games for the season, posting a 3–4 record, a 6.04 ERA, 29 strikeouts, and 22 walks in $44 2/3$ innings. He held batters to a .231 batting average with runners in scoring position. On December 12, the Astros traded Hirsh, Willy Taveras, and Taylor Buchholz to the Colorado Rockies for Rockies pitchers Jason Jennings and Miguel Asencio.
Colorado Rockies (2007–08)
In March 2007, Rockies' manager Clint Hurdle designated Hirsh his No. 4 starter. In Hirsh's first start as a Rockie, on April 6, he allowed one run in $6 2/3$ innings, struck out eight, and walked nobody in a 4–3 victory over San Diego. On June 10, he allowed one run and threw the only complete game of his career in a 6–1 victory over the Baltimore Orioles.
During the season, Hirsh would use his secondary pitches to such an extent that he failed to use his fastball, his best pitch, enough of the time. On July 2, he sprained his right ankle in a game against the Mets, diving back to the third base bag when catcher Paul LoDuca attempted to pick him off. He was forced to leave the game despite having pitched six shutout innings, and ended up on the disabled list from July 3 until August 1.
His season was abruptly interrupted, however, when Hirsh went on the disabled list again after his right fibula was broken in a game August 7. Not realizing his leg had been broken on a line drive comebacker hit by the second batter of the game, J. J. Hardy, that caught him in the shin in the first inning, Hirsh went on to throw out Hardy and pitch six innings that day, earning a key win for the club. Asked what he would do the next time he faced Hardy, Hirsh joked: "I might put a catcher's shin guard on, just for him." The injury ended his season. "I was crushed," Hirsh said. "Obviously, nobody wants to have someone tell them that their season's cut short."
In 19 starts in 2007, Hirsh compiled a 5–7 record with a 4.81 earned run average, 75 strikeouts, and 48 walks in $112 1/3$ innings; he kept batters to a .204 batting average in their first plate appearance against him in games. Tracy Ringolsby wrote, "Hirsh would have moments, but they were limited. He was 4–7 with a 4.90 ERA in his first 17 starts, and more concerning to the Rockies was he worked five innings or fewer six times." Hirsh missed pitching in the World Series, as he was still on the 60-Day DL.
Hirsh was expected to be in the starting rotation in 2008, as the number 4 starter. But he found himself on the disabled list after just two scoreless innings in one spring training game, and started the season on the DL because of a strained muscle in his right rotator cuff and right rotator cuff inflammation. While on the DL, Hirsh spent a number of weeks in a strengthening program and at extended spring training in Tucson, Arizona, to rebuild his arm strength. "This is the first time I've ever really had injuries," Hirsh said. "I had maybe one injury in the minor leagues coming up. Throughout my career, from when I was a little kid, I've never had arm problems, I've never broken a bone, I've never rolled an ankle. But I've managed to do all three of those in the last two years."
Hirsh was recalled in September and pitched in only four games during the season, including the first relief appearances of his career. His final major league appearance (a start) came on September 26; Hirsh gave up three runs in $4 1/3$ innings pitched and received a no-decision in a 6–4 loss to the Arizona Diamondbacks. In four games (only one of which was a start), Hirsh had no record, an 8.31 ERA, six strikeouts, and four walks in $8 2/3$ innings.
Pitching
Hirsh had good leverage, pitched down to hitters, and had a refined repertoire of pitches. He had a "plus" 2-seam fastball that had sink and good movement at 91–94 mph, and threw a "filthy" hard-breaking slider that was consistently precise, and had bite at 80–86 mph (managers rated it the best breaking ball in the Texas League). Hirsh continued to refine his moderate changeup, which had fair deception and movement in the low-80s. He also threw a 4-seam fastball in the 94–96 mph range. He was not afraid to pitch inside, and threw strikes to both sides of the plate. "I'm 6-foot-8 and I keep a high three-quarters arm angle," noted Hirsh. "You figure the mound is a foot and a half, and my arm may be another two, three, four feet. It makes the batter have to look up instead of straight at me, and he may have a difficult time adjusting." During the 2007 season, Hirsh had trouble throwing his fastball enough. Pitching coach Bob Apodaca gave this assessment of Hirsh before 2008: "All Jason has to do is trust his stuff. He has the type of fastball you work off, but he was using his fastball the way you'd use an off-speed pitch —- to try and trick hitters."
Injuries began plaguing Hirsh in 2007, and he had trouble recovering from them; he spent all of 2009 and 2010 in the minor leagues.
Awards
* 2005 – 3x Texas League Pitcher of the Week (4/24, 6/26, 7/17)
* 2005 – Texas League All Star (P)
* 2005 – Texas League Post-Season All Star (SP)
* 2005 – Texas League Pitcher of the Year
* 2005 – Baseball America Double-A All Star
* 2006 – Futures Game US Starting Pitcher
* 2006 – Pacific Coast League All Star (P)
* 2006 – Pacific Coast League Post-Season All Star (P)
* 2006 – Pacific Coast League Pitcher of the Year
* 2006 – MLB.com Triple-A Starting Pitcher of the Year
* 2006 – Baseball America Triple-A All Star | WIKI |
Wikipedia talk:Adopt-a-typo
Please Any Suggestions are welcome. Be bold!
Comment
I think it's a great way to get new users involved in the project and feel like they're doing something useful. It's a worthwhile sub-project of its parent, the Typo Team. Perhaps it should be moved as a subpage? Also, I notice that the letter 'a' in 'adopt' is lower-case in the title. Is that intentional? -- œ ™ 15:09, 17 December 2011 (UTC)
* FWIW, WP:Typo Team has been requested to be renamed to WP:WikiProject Typo Team, so this might cascade here as WP:WikiProject Adopt-a-typo... <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 07:09, 25 March 2012 (UTC)
Intend to change the way userboxes work
I have been intending to change the way the userboxes work for this new project. I think it is much better if the user can click on the userbox to perform their search. So I intend to make the first parameter link to their search and the second parameter be the "gender" of the search, which by default will be neutral (i.e., yellow). This will also require some restructuring of the templates. Ideas or comments are encouraged beforehand. Jason Quinn (talk) 20:31, 29 February 2012 (UTC)
* I suppose that the color of the user box was originally intended to indicate the gender of the user. I think that perhaps the color is best to indicate gender on the search. Maybe not. I'll have to think about it more. In many case, it would be great to have four different versions of the icon (male-male, male-female, female-male, female-female) and that way, all cases could be covered. I will request that of somebody. Jason Quinn (talk) 20:39, 29 February 2012 (UTC)
* I have asked user Ezra Katz at Commons to create a full set of these icons for all male/female/neutral combinations. If created, we can solve this issue once and for all. Jason Quinn (talk) 21:04, 29 February 2012 (UTC)
Generate a list in AWB
It could be that I've totally missed the point somewhere but I can't figure out how to use anything on this page to make it easier to search for typos in AWB. Jamesmcmahon0 (talk) 10:16, 19 July 2013 (UTC)
* Hi, Jamesmcmahon0. This page has nothing to do with AWB. If there was something that made that confusing, it should be clarified. Basically, the idea behind "adopting" a typo, is to create a userbox that quickly searches for a particular misspelling (so you can fix any hits that are found). That's it. Jason Quinn (talk) 15:34, 19 July 2013 (UTC)
Is this about typos or spelling errors?
The example of a typo given in the article is not a typo at all, but a spelling error - "privledge" instead of ""privilege". So, see the question in the heading. HiLo48 (talk) 03:52, 16 October 2014 (UTC)
* Hi HiLo48. I didn't realize that there was a difference between the two. It seems to me like this project is devoted to both typos and spelling errors--I think colloquially there isn't a distinction made between the two. --Mcps39 (talk) 19:46, 11 March 2019 (UTC)
* I see them as two very different things. I am quite proud of my spelling skills. I believe I can achieve a high standard in several of the different versions of English, such as US English, and Australian English, my native tongue. Rarely make a mistake. But my typing is crap, especially when I'm on my phone. HiLo48 (talk) 21:46, 11 March 2019 (UTC)
Making the 'search link' function more literal, to eliminate false positives?
Request: Would it be possible for the string of characters entered in the 'search link' subfields to be taken literally, including any spaces? Reason for asking: For hyphenated words, searching on the non-hyphenated typo currently returns the correctly hyphenated occurrences as well as the real typos. Example: Take the word 'hurdy-gurdy', which should be hyphenated. When I try to identify articles containing the typo (i.e. without the hyphen), by submitting the search link as follows (note the blank space between 'hurdy' and 'gurdy'): ... ... the list of articles provides all combinations of the words 'hurdy' and 'gurdy', including all occurrences of the correctly spelt 'hurdy-gurdy', even though I specifically submitted the search argument without the hyphen. Why is this a problem? When I submit the above search link, I receive a list of articles which include all occurrences of 'hurdy' and 'gurdy', regardless of whether they are separated by a blank (=typo) or a hyphen (correct spelling). So, the more typos I fix, the more I have to wade through page upon page of correct spellings before I reach the next typo to fix. Possible solution: The search link function could be enhanced to enable to submitter to code the search argument between single or double quotation marks, thereby indicating that only that specific string should be scanned for; i.e. ... would hunt for those explicit character strings, and thus ignore the correctly spelt occurrences ('hurdy-gurdy'). This way, every time I re-submit the search link, I would receive only the names of articles which still have the typo, and my time would be spent much more productively. Thank you for reviewing this anomaly and also for considering a solution, perhaps as I have outlined. With kind regards; Patrick. ツ Pdebee.(talk) 17:50, 6 February 2015 (UTC)
Who has the Burden of Proof When Typo is Propagated in Name?
I adopted the typo "ya'll", meant to be "y'all". This is used in a lot of names of songs, books, etc. The artist act of "Timbaland and Magoo" have a song with the typo listed on Wikipedia. The same typo is on Discogs, and maybe other places. BUT, when I look up an image of the rear cover of the album on any purchase site (or Discogs), they have the word listed correctly as "y'all". It seems like I wouldn't need a reference to change the Wikipedia entry for the track to match the correct word on the album cover, without providing an additional reference since there was no clear basis that it should have been listed that way in the first place. Is that true, or does the burden of proof rest with the me, the changer simply because I am changing the word in question? Spawn777 (talk) 05:51, 1 June 2015 (UTC)
* Dear Typo Team colleague;
* First of all, it should be quite obvious to most other editors that "ya'll" is a typo, because it actually does not mean anything. Although I am no expert in obscure forms of the English language, I have never heard "ya'll" used as a substitute for "you'll", which does mean something ("you will"). So, I would have thought you should be able easily to convince most editors that "ya'll" is a typo of "y'all", as you say, especially if there is enough context for an easy validation of "y'all" as the intended meaning.
* Secondly, if the source (like in your example: the back cover of an album) has the correct spelling of "y'all", then all I would do is always to complete the edit summary with a very clear explanation, something like:
* "Typo: "ya'll" > "y'all"; see back cover of [album title] at discogs website, which shows correct spelling of "y'all", as intended by the artist."
* In this way, even an editor intent on challenging your edit would most likely go to the source you pointed at, to satisfy him-/herself that the initial spelling [in the source] was correct all along and that the typo occurred when the Wikipedia text was typed in by an earlier editor. Again, your example is quite simple and, I dare say, non-contentious.
* I encountered a different situation some time ago, when I adopted the typo "hurdy gurdy", where the correction involved adding the missing hyphen. When the word was used throughout Wikipedia in sentences that related directly to the musical instrument as a physical object played on an album (for example), then I simply proceeded with correcting the typo because dictionaries (generally deemed reliable sources... ) show the correct spelling with the hyphen. However, for the title of artworks, where the original artist had misspelt the name of the instrument when it was adopted into the title of a painting or a book, for example, then I was unable to apply the correction, since the piece of artwork had become forever known (and generally copyrighted) under that misspelt name. You can see examples of such instances of "legitimized typos" in the list published at the hurdy-gurdy disambiguation page, like the name of the band "Hurdy Gurdy", which became the subject of Donovan Leitch's song "Hurdy Gurdy Man".
* So, in your case, you should be fine as long as you always make sure: 1) there is a verifiable source of the correct, original spelling and 2) that you point this out in your edit summaries. (Until, of course, someone produces a piece of artwork where the typo "ya'll" is actually written, deliberately or by accident, on the original material itself!)
* Since there is always the possibility that I might be missing some Wikipedia guideline, I am happy to be corrected by any other editor(s) who know(s) more on the subject than I do.
* In any case, good luck and thank you for your contributions to our encyclopaedia.
* With kind regards;
* Patrick. ツ Pdebee.(talk)(guestbook) 01:51, 9 June 2015 (UTC)
Baby in blankets
What is this about adopting na child ByrdJessByrd42 (talk) 13:29, 18 November 2020 (UTC)
Get rid of 'genders' for typos
Why are the background colors called 'genders'? Maybe I'm misunderstanding something, but it seems quite confusing to me specify the gender of a typo. As far as I can tell all that is meant by this is the background color of the icon. Is there any way in which this is necessary/helpful/useful? Jimpaz (talk) 21:51, 4 September 2023 (UTC) | WIKI |
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typodupeerror
Submission Summary: 0 pending, 28 declined, 2 accepted (30 total, 6.67% accepted)
The Internet
Submission + - Internet routing and the Sony PSN DDoS? 1
JWSmythe writes: "I know this won't make a real story, but I'm hoping others can give their input. Is your Internet routing horrible right now? I'm seeing slow speeds (>500ms on a cable modem, with our own usage only at about 75Kbps.
I received several complaints from my staff around the country, and they're being routed all over the place. For example, from Massachusetts to Florida, their route is literally:
(their location) -> Boston MA -> Pompano FL -> New York NY -> Ashburn VA -> Atlanta GA -> Seattle WA -> (4 unknown hops) -> (our endpoint in Florida)
Similar spot checks from my location show the same horrible routing, that looks more like a band tour schedule than Internet routing.
Someone mentioned that Sony took yet another online game down due to security breeches. Has the DDoS against them stepped up? If so, I'd like to kindly say to those doing it "STOP IT! You're breaking other stuff!""
Submission + - Interview: One Man's Fight Against Forum Spam (freeinternetpress.com)
JWSmythe writes: "Free Internet Press has an interview with "Random Digilante", an anonymous hacker who has been taking over forum spammer's email accounts, and notifying forum operators to delete those accounts.
It looks like his reasoning is sound, and his methods are safe, where he won't hurt any real users.
Anyone who's used message boards has noticed, sooner or later spam becomes a serious problem. Without some proactive measures to slow the tide of ads for discount drugs, adult entertainment sites, and even cut rate name brand clothing, will overrun the forum. This person is doing something about it."
Sci-Fi
Submission + - Live Long & Prosper: This Ain't Star Trek XXX
JWSmythe writes: Drafting on the heels of the summer release of Star Trek, Hustler plans to release a trekky themed porn titled, This Ain't Star Trek XXX. With the success of the parody, Who's Nailin' Paylin, it seems adult companies are finally tapping into the idea of using pop culture and plot to sell porn. This is nothing new (See The Office and Scrubs), but as the adult industry is forced to compete with free internet porn, I suspect we'll see a rise in adult films with bigger budgets, plots, and high production value.
I have to say I'm kind of excited to see pornography become a bit more professional. These parodies give regular people an excuse to buy porn without feeling creepy. Sure there will be plenty of trekkies with hard drives loaded with free smut, but this parody will be the only one they proudly display on their shelves and watch with friends. If you're the type of person who can't understand watching an X-rated film around company, rent the Blockbuster version of Pirates or Caligula and pop it in at a party. Not only do parody porns have the same aphrodisiac effects as alcohol, they also provide for the same amount of laughs.
Evan Stone, possibly the only humorous actor I've ever seen do porn (again see Pirates), cut his porny-tail to play the captain. The cast also includes Tony DeSergio with shaved eyebrows as "Spock," Jada Fire as "Uhura", Jenna Haze, Codi Carmichael, Sasha Grey, Aurora Snow, Anthony Rosano as "Scotty," Cheyne Collins, and Nick Manning as "Khan."
Warning: Needless to say, NSFW.
Read More and more and see the promo video
I knew when Kirk screamed "Kahn!" there must have been more to it.
Security
Submission + - Googlebot attacks 1
JWSmythe writes: It looks like Google's Googlebot's have been exploited.
Today I noticed a surge in our server load. I had a look at our access logs, and found tens of thousands of requests like this. This is one from my Apache logs. (lines broken intentionally)
66.249.71.99 — -- [16/Apr/2009:18:16:51 -0400] "GET /mobile.story.php?sid=19365'%20and%201=2%20union%20select%201,
CONCAT(char(118),char(97),char(114),char(99),char(104),char(97),
char(114),char(39),char(124),(SELECT%20column_name%20%20from
%20information_schema.COLUMNS%20where%20table_schema=
CONCAT(char(100),char(117),char(98),char(116),char(101),
char(114),char(114),char(111),char(114))%20and%20table_name=
CONCAT(char(112),char(104),char(112),char(98),char(98),char(95) ,char(117),char(115),char(101),char(114),char(115))
%20limit%2011850,1),char(124),char(39)),3,4,5,6,7,8,9%20and
%20'1'='1 HTTP/1.1" 200 1342 "-" "Nokia6820/2.0 (4.83)
Profile/MIDP-1.0 Configuration/CLDC-1.0 (compatible;
Mediapartners-Google/2.1; +http://www.google.com/bot.html)"
It's a good thing my site is coded well. These sort of things don't get anywhere.
Parts of the request may be spoofed, but the IP is awful hard to spoof. That's a Googlebot IP.
The heaviest offender is an IP in China, with 48k requests. Google owns the rest.
My list of attackers from the last two hours are:
48368 113.232.73.2
22032 66.249.71.99
2 66.249.71.21
2 66.249.67.179
2 66.249.66.244
2 66.249.66.206
1 66.249.73.37
1 66.249.73.106
1 66.249.72.139
1 66.249.72.136
1 66.249.71.134
1 66.249.71.108
1 66.249.70.75
1 66.249.70.59
1 66.249.70.248
1 66.249.70.219
1 66.249.70.193
1 66.249.67.118
1 66.249.65.83
1 66.249.65.110
1 66.249.65.109
If anyone has any suggestion who could be masquerading as Google from their own IP's, that would be nice. I've blocked the offensive IP's at our firewall, so they are nothing more than a gnat buzzing at the door.
Supercomputing
Submission + - Densest CPU configuration motherboard?
JWSmythe writes: "What is the densest CPU configuration motherboard available?
I know in the Linux kernel, it handles SMP from 2 to 255 CPU's.
I was talking to a friend, and we were considering what the most CPU's we could stick into a server is. Anyone can buy older CPU's at budget pricing. From what I understand, most of the older Opteron's were limited by design to 1, 2, 4, or 8 CPUs in one machine. I don't know the limit on P4's, nor the newer Opteron's.
Where could I find a motherboard a huge density of CPU's?
Wouldn't a 128 CPU 1.5Ghz machine be just a little faster than a dual core 4Ghz, assuming multi-threaded processes?
Besides the cool factor of having 128 CPU's running at once, this could make one hell of a server or virtualization environment."
Communications
Submission + - Termination of bad Internet and phone service? 1
JWSmythe writes: I'm sure many of you have found yourselves in the same situation that I am in. You start at a new company, and every problem is thrust upon you with the upmost urgency. Many times, we find ourselves on a new network with substandard connectivity.
I recently started with a company who's connectivity was slow. At first it was a "we'll fix it later" problem. A few days later, the connection went down. Not only was the data line down, but so was the voice. 2 hours later, it was resolved.
Two weeks later, the provider had a significant outage of between 12 to 14 hours (depending on who you ask). I was then informed that this wasn't the first time this happened. This was the 4th major event in 2 months. "minor" events have included bad latency and packet loss, and phone numbers that simply don't ring to the office. It was already established policy for staff to call the office phones on their cell phones every hour or so, just to make sure all the numbers would ring.
We were gentle with our phone call and letter, simply reminding them that it is unacceptable for us to have long periods of downtime during our business day. We didn't ask for reimbursement, just termination of the services. Their response was that we could cancel our contract for payment of one full year of service.
User Journal
Submission + - PC controlled pulse generator
JWSmythe writes: Ok, here's a question for all you nuts. :)
I want to generate a high voltage DC pulse, and be able to control it from a computer (Windows or Linux, it doesn't matter).
Ideally, I want to control an ignition coil from a car, to make a nice high voltage pulse. I'm playing with the idea of supplementing the fuel intake for a car with hydrogen gas. I know putting a DC current through water makes it (electrolysis), and I've played with straight voltages from 1vdc to 110vdc.
There's lots of theory floating around the net, and a few folks who have some wild ideas that generally cannot be reproduced. I want to try out some of them from the comfort of a script. :)
Several people talk about putting say 2vdc pulsed at some magic frequency, which will make the water fall apart, rather than the electrical current breaking the bonds of the atoms.
I'd kinda like to give that a shot, but either they show in their diagrams some mysterious box that generates the current, or some virtually unreproducable electronics that I have to solder together. I'm not a great electronics person. I have a pretty diagram that uses a 555 timer chip to do it, but when I put it together as drawn it didn't do anything. I fiddled with it a little bit and made it pass some sort of dc current out, but in a matter of seconds, the 555 chip started to smoke.
My current load is a bit high, so it tends to be hard on more delicate parts. :(
I'd like to drive the ignition coil from a car, but be able to vary the frequency at will, and be able to have a script (or something) adjust it for me, so I can sit back and observe the results. Like I said, I'm not the best electronics person, but I can put together something basic, if I have a schematic of something that will work.
Working the car ignition coil seems fairly easy, if I can control it from the PC. Transformers work on AC current, but aparently if I pulse a DC current at it, when the current drops, it makes the voltage come out the other side. Don't ask me why, I'm no expert. :)
Anyways, anyone with interfacing a PC to a real world device, and working with high voltages and/or current loads, if you'd reply or email me, I'd appreciate it.
"From there to here, from here to there, funny things are everywhere." -- Dr. Seuss
Working... | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
重要
你正在查看 TiDB v6.0 (DMR) 的文档。PingCAP 不提供基于 v6.0 的 bug 修复版本，如有 bug，会在后续版本中修复。
如无特殊需求，建议使用 TiDB 数据库的最新 LTS 版本
PARTITIONS
PARTITIONS 表提供有关分区表的信息。
USE information_schema;
DESC partitions;
+-------------------------------+--------------+------+------+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------------------------------+--------------+------+------+---------+-------+
| TABLE_CATALOG | varchar(512) | YES | | NULL | |
| TABLE_SCHEMA | varchar(64) | YES | | NULL | |
| TABLE_NAME | varchar(64) | YES | | NULL | |
| PARTITION_NAME | varchar(64) | YES | | NULL | |
| SUBPARTITION_NAME | varchar(64) | YES | | NULL | |
| PARTITION_ORDINAL_POSITION | bigint(21) | YES | | NULL | |
| SUBPARTITION_ORDINAL_POSITION | bigint(21) | YES | | NULL | |
| PARTITION_METHOD | varchar(18) | YES | | NULL | |
| SUBPARTITION_METHOD | varchar(12) | YES | | NULL | |
| PARTITION_EXPRESSION | longblob | YES | | NULL | |
| SUBPARTITION_EXPRESSION | longblob | YES | | NULL | |
| PARTITION_DESCRIPTION | longblob | YES | | NULL | |
| TABLE_ROWS | bigint(21) | YES | | NULL | |
| AVG_ROW_LENGTH | bigint(21) | YES | | NULL | |
| DATA_LENGTH | bigint(21) | YES | | NULL | |
| MAX_DATA_LENGTH | bigint(21) | YES | | NULL | |
| INDEX_LENGTH | bigint(21) | YES | | NULL | |
| DATA_FREE | bigint(21) | YES | | NULL | |
| CREATE_TIME | datetime | YES | | NULL | |
| UPDATE_TIME | datetime | YES | | NULL | |
| CHECK_TIME | datetime | YES | | NULL | |
| CHECKSUM | bigint(21) | YES | | NULL | |
| PARTITION_COMMENT | varchar(80) | YES | | NULL | |
| NODEGROUP | varchar(12) | YES | | NULL | |
| TABLESPACE_NAME | varchar(64) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------------------------------+--------------+------+------+---------+-------+
25 rows in set (0.00 sec)
CREATE TABLE test.t1 (id INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY) PARTITION BY HASH (id) PARTITIONS 2;
SELECT * FROM partitions WHERE table_schema='test' AND table_name='t1'\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
TABLE_CATALOG: def
TABLE_SCHEMA: test
TABLE_NAME: t1
PARTITION_NAME: p0
SUBPARTITION_NAME: NULL
PARTITION_ORDINAL_POSITION: 1
SUBPARTITION_ORDINAL_POSITION: NULL
PARTITION_METHOD: HASH
SUBPARTITION_METHOD: NULL
PARTITION_EXPRESSION: `id`
SUBPARTITION_EXPRESSION: NULL
PARTITION_DESCRIPTION:
TABLE_ROWS: 0
AVG_ROW_LENGTH: 0
DATA_LENGTH: 0
MAX_DATA_LENGTH: 0
INDEX_LENGTH: 0
DATA_FREE: 0
CREATE_TIME: 2020-07-06 16:35:28
UPDATE_TIME: NULL
CHECK_TIME: NULL
CHECKSUM: NULL
PARTITION_COMMENT:
NODEGROUP: NULL
TABLESPACE_NAME: NULL
*************************** 2. row ***************************
TABLE_CATALOG: def
TABLE_SCHEMA: test
TABLE_NAME: t1
PARTITION_NAME: p1
SUBPARTITION_NAME: NULL
PARTITION_ORDINAL_POSITION: 2
SUBPARTITION_ORDINAL_POSITION: NULL
PARTITION_METHOD: HASH
SUBPARTITION_METHOD: NULL
PARTITION_EXPRESSION: `id`
SUBPARTITION_EXPRESSION: NULL
PARTITION_DESCRIPTION:
TABLE_ROWS: 0
AVG_ROW_LENGTH: 0
DATA_LENGTH: 0
MAX_DATA_LENGTH: 0
INDEX_LENGTH: 0
DATA_FREE: 0
CREATE_TIME: 2020-07-06 16:35:28
UPDATE_TIME: NULL
CHECK_TIME: NULL
CHECKSUM: NULL
PARTITION_COMMENT:
NODEGROUP: NULL
TABLESPACE_NAME: NULL
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
文档内容是否有帮助？ | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
-- Shale Boom in the U.S. Is Bridge to Future Cleaner-Burning Fuels
A shale boom in the U.S. that’s led to lower natural gas prices and higher energy efficiency will act as a bridge to cleaner burning fuels, Carol Browner , a former Environmental Protection Agency head, said today. “Right now there are a lot of reasons” to favor using natural gas, said Browner, a senior counselor at Albright Stonebridge Group, a Washington-based global strategy organization. She spoke at “The Year Ahead: 2014,” a two-day conference sponsored by Bloomberg LP in Chicago. The U.S. is forecast to pump 70.29 billion cubic feet a day of natural gas this year, up from the 2012 record of 69.18 billion as hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, has unlocked shale deposits that previously were uneconomical to produce, according to data from the Energy Information Administration, the statistical arm of the U.S. Energy Department. Natural gas for December delivery rose 3.3 percent today to $3.674 per million British thermal units on the New York Mercantile Exchange. That’s down from a record $15.78 in 2005. Gas accounted for 30 percent of electricity generation last year, up from 19 percent in 2005, EIA data show. Browner said the U.S. shouldn’t settle on the fuel as a staple for energy production because it can have adverse effects on the climate. She was President Barack Obama’s energy and climate czar and was in charge of the EPA during Bill Clinton’s two-term administration. Storm Damage The country has to adapt to the fact that storms are becoming more violent and sea levels are rising, citing the impact of Hurricane Sandy in the Northeast last year. A glut of natural gas has prompted U.S. companies to seek to export the fuel. The federal government approved in August, three export projects, including Cheniere Energy Inc.’s Sabine Pass and the Lake Charles Exports LLC terminals. Abundance of the fuel could “be a major source of strength” versus other countries, said Robert Hormats , a former undersecretary of state for economic growth, energy and the environment in the Obama administration. “We have an enormous competitive advantage,” he said. Browner said advances in shale drilling technology have happened so rapidly that it will take “billions” of dollars to reconfigure infrastructure to export fuel from initial plans to import it. The U.S. should boost reliance on nuclear power by making carbon more costly, said Mark Tercek , president and chief executive officer of the Nature Conservancy, an Arlington, Virginia-based environmental organization. “We failed to put a price on carbon,” Tercek said. “That would help nuclear.” Browner said that she also supports nuclear power development. To contact the reporter on this story: Mario Parker in Chicago at mparker22@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story: Dan Stets at dstets@bloomberg.net | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Commits
Bryan O'Sullivan committed 42c51bd
Ensure that we parse null as NaN when expecting a floating point number.
• Participants
• Parent commits bc9eb4e
Comments (0)
Files changed (1)
File Data/Aeson/Types.hs
parseJSON (Number n) = case n of
D d -> pure d
I i -> pure (fromIntegral i)
+ parseJSON Null = pure (0/0)
parseJSON v = typeMismatch "Double" v
{-# INLINE parseJSON #-}
instance FromJSON Number where
parseJSON (Number n) = pure n
+ parseJSON Null = pure (D (0/0))
parseJSON v = typeMismatch "Number" v
{-# INLINE parseJSON #-}
parseJSON (Number n) = case n of
D d -> pure . fromRational . toRational $ d
I i -> pure (fromIntegral i)
+ parseJSON Null = pure (0/0)
parseJSON v = typeMismatch "Float" v
{-# INLINE parseJSON #-} | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Carl Ruiz, celebrity chef, dies
(CNN)Celebrity chef Carl Ruiz, the owner of La Cubana restaurant who made frequent appearances on The Food Network, has died, the New York restaurant said. He was 44. "On behalf of the La Cubana family, with heavy hearts, we are deeply saddened to share the passing of our beloved Executive Chef Carl Ruiz," La Cubana posted on its social media sites. "No words can fully express our sadness at the sudden loss of our dear friend and brother," the post said. La Cubana didn't post the cause of death. Ruiz was a presence on both television and radio, and he opened restaurants the world over, according to a biography on La Cubana's website. "He was a mighty force of down home Cuban cuisine, and lived life to the fullest, just as he cooked—with "dancing always" as the most important ingredient," the La Cubana post said. Fellow celebrity chefs who were friends with Ruiz posted tributes online. Guy Fieri posted on Instagram that he's "heartbroken" at the news. "Over the years, I've met a lot of great people, but a friend like Carl is one in a hundred million," Fieri posted. "Carl 'The Cuban' Ruiz will forever live on in my heart and in those of all who loved him." "You taught us how to enjoy every moment to the fullest and not live wondering what if," chef Jet Tila, who's appeared on several cooking shows, tweeted. "Can't explain the profound specialness of some people," Alex Guarnaschelli said on Instagram. "This man was somehow fatherly, comforting, wise, reckless, brilliant, wickedly funny and unique all rolled into one." Ruiz's zest for food and life was such a part of him that he had a verb for it: ruizing. It's a "way of living," that started with Ruiz, according to the Urban Dictionary, which defines it as "enjoying great drinks, food, smoking cigars, and doing what you want. You must drink with pinkies up!" The restaurant said it will continue Ruiz's work in establishing the Carl Ruiz Scholarship Foundation for "aspiring chefs." CNN's Hollie Silverman contributed to this report. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Unannounced active shooter drill sparks chaos, stampedes at Florida high school | TheHill
Students and parents are outraged after an unannounced active-shooter drill resulted in chaos at a Florida high school. Video and images from inside Lake Brantley High School in Altamonte Springs have gone viral after the incident. On Thursday morning, officials announced a “code red" over the school's intercom, saying that it was not a drill, according to BuzzFeed News. Lake Brantley High School teachers received this message warning of an active shooter this morning. Nowhere does it mention it was just a drill. I’m hearing from students who say they were hiding in closets and praying for their lives. https://t.co/EcRLHhhz4M pic.twitter.com/wscNFmlGq0 A second announcement made during the school’s lunch hour reportedly attempted to clarify that the incident was a drill, but students could not hear the announcement clearly, and believed there was an active shooter on campus. Students also distributed a screenshot of a text alert about the supposed active shooter. Students reported stampedes, mass chaos, panic attacks, screaming and crying as they tried to leave the school. A number of injuries were reported, according to BuzzFeed News. “I saw a bunch of kids running to their parents and sobbing because they thought they were going to die,” one senior told BuzzFeed News. I had three panic attacks back to back today because of this drill. I had to be checked out and taken home, and on my way out I saw multiple people hugging family and sobbing, and kids who had fled being herded back to campus. Next time take into consideration the aftermath of it An email to parents from principal Trent Daniel obtained by BuzzFeed News called the code red drill “standard practice,” and appeared to blame students sharing information on social media for the chaos. “After the Code Red drill was over and classes resumed as normal, there was a campus disruption caused by a social media post,” Daniel wrote. “The post indicated a possible threat to the campus.” Daniel said that the second issue is being investigated as a “disciplinary matter.” Parents are now calling on the school to apologize for how the drill and aftermath were handled, telling the Orlando Sentinel that the unannounced drills could have lasting negative mental health effects for students. “It’s more than just protecting children from bullet holes,” said the mother of one student. “It’s protecting them from the anxiety and trauma they’re now experiencing.” School safety and methods to deal with active shooting incidents on campuses has been an increasingly fiery national debate since the Parkland, Fla., high school shooting in February. View the discussion thread. The Hill 1625 K Street, NW Suite 900 Washington DC 20006 | 202-628-8500 tel | 202-628-8503 fax The contents of this site are ©2019 Capitol Hill Publishing Corp., a subsidiary of News Communications, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
How to reduce the amount of slag produced in the galvalume steel sheet process | Viet Nam Steel
How to reduce the amount of slag produced in the galvalume steel sheet process
Large amount of slag production during the galvalume steel sheet process is a very troublesome thing. It will not only increase the workload of slag, but also to product quality has a great impact. To reduce the number of slag formation, we choose the raw materials with a smooth surface and less iron, oil and rust. This can strengthen the degreasing effect, also can adjust the temperature to reduce the amount of slag.
Measures to reduce the amount of slag produced during galvanizing are largely consistent with measures to prevent skip plating and white coating.
1. Use raw materials with less iron powder and rust, improve the effect of pre-treatment and cleaning. And this also reduce the amount of iron powder and sponge iron entering the plating pot with the steel strip.
2. To choose the raw material with low carbon content and impurities. Because the raw materials with high content and impurities have very serious corrosion in the plating solution.
3. Strictly control the chemical composition of plating solution. Aluminum content should not be too high and silicon content should be low.
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4. Strictly control the bath temperature and the temperature when put the strip into pot. Put the temperature as low as possible under the premise of ensuring the quality of products.
5. Strictly control the fluctuations and change of bath temperature. Accurately measure the bath temperature, and adopt pre-melting pot to pre-melting aluminum zinc ingot in advance, then flow into the pot after matching the ingredients.
6. Be careful not to put the oxide scale or other impurities on the surface of the strip enter into the pot during shutdown.
7. To improve the corrosion resistance of roller in plating pot and the machine, staff should select the material with good corrosion resistance. It is best to use the roller that spray ceramic materials, and put into the pot after the fully preheating of roller.
8. If the product is used as a substrate of color coated steel sheet, try to adopt the ingredients with low aluminum to produce galvalume steel sheet. The result is obvious. However, some companies use the method that reduce the aluminum content into about 33%, that is not appropriate. According to foreign information, the product with this composition has poor corrosion resistance.
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| ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
(No. 39797.
The People of the State of Illinois, Appellant, vs. Theodore J. Isaacs et al., Appellees.
Opinion filed March 29, 1967.
Rehearing denied May 16, 1967.
Ward, J., took no part.
Raymond L. Terrell, State’s Attorney, of Springfield, (Laurin A. Wollan, Jr., Assistant State’s Attorney, of counsel,) for appellant.
Harry J. Busch and Jacob Shamberg, both of Chicago, and Hugh J. Graham, Jr., of Springfield, for appellee Theodore J. Isaacs.
George J. Cotsirilos, of Chicago, for appellee John J. Lang.
Mr. Justice Klingbiel
delivered the opinion of the court:
This is an appeal by the State of Illinois from an order of the circuit court of Sangamon County quashing and dismissing thirty-four counts of a thirty-five-count indictment charging defendants Theodore J. Isaacs and John J. Lang with various offenses. Cook Envelope and Lithographing, Inc., an Illinois corporation, is charged with offenses as a co-defendant in some of the counts and is charged alone in count III. However, since no appearance on its behalf has ever been made, the circuit court did not act upon the indictment with regard thereto, and insofar as the counts under consideration here affect the corporation, they are not in issue on this appeal. Thirty-three counts are made the basis of the appeal, the People having confessed error as to count XXI. Constitutional questions relating to the sufficiency of several counts bring the cause directly to this court. Ill. Const., art. VI, sec. 5; Rule 28 — 1.
Counts I, IV, VIII and IX, which the parties have denominated the “less detailed Section 75 counts”, charge defendant Isaacs with knowingly and unlawfully acquiring, obtaining and holding a direct pecuniary interest in certain specifically described contracts entered into by the State of Illinois and Cook Envelope and Lithographing, Inc., an Illinois corporation, pursuant to which the latter was to furnish and supply the former with envelopes, printing and paper. It is alleged in all of these counts that Isaacs occupied, during the times of the commission of the offenses sought to be charged therein, a position as an officer and employee of the State of Illinois, to-wit: Director of the Department of Revenue. It is further averred in each count that the payments for the materials to be furnished under the contracts were to be satisfied from funds appropriated by the General Assembly. Defendant Lang is charged in counts I and IV as having aided and abetted defendant Isaacs in the planning and commission of the offenses charged therein while an employe of the State of Illinois, to-wit: Superintendent of Printing in the Department of Finance.
The first paragraph of section 12 of the act relating to State contracts (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1963, chap. 127, par. 75), pursuant to which these counts are brought, provides: “Except as herein otherwise provided, it shall be unlawful for any person holding any elective state office in this state or a seat in the General Assembly or any person employed in any of the offices of the state government or the wife, husband or minor child of any such person to have, acquire, obtain or hold any contract, whether for stationery, printing, paper or for any services, materials or supplies, which will be wholly or partly satisfied by the payment of funds appropriated by the General Assembly of the State of Illinois, nor shall any such person have, acquire, obtain or hold any direct pecuniary interest in any such contract provided, however, that payments made in behalf of a public aid recipient shall not be deemed payments pursuant to a contract with the state.”
It is apparent that the counts now under consideration are brought pursuant to the second clause of the first paragraph of section 12, for nowhere else in the paragraph is language employed proscribing the acquisition of a “direct pecuniary interest” in a State contract.
The defendants maintain that these counts are constitutionally insufficient under section 9 of article II of the Illinois constitution, requiring that in all criminal prosecutions the accused shall have the right to demand the nature and cause of the accusation against him, in order that he will have such specific designation of the offense charged as to enable him to prepare his defense and to plead a judgment of acquittal or conviction thereon in bar of a subsequent prosecution for the same offense. People v. Brown, 336 Ill. 257; People v. Flynn, 375 Ill. 366.
Consistent with this constitutional requirement, it has long been a rule of law in this State that where the language of the statute defining an offense so far particularizes such offense that by its use alone the accused is notified with reasonable certainty of the precise offense with which he is charged, an indictment drawn substantially in the language of the statute is constitutionally sufficient. (People v. Blanchett, 33 Ill.2d 527; People v. Sims, 393 Ill. 238.) However, it is equally well settled that “where the statute creating the offense does not describe the act or acts which compose it, they must be specifically averred in the indictment or information.” (People v. Brown, 336 Ill. 257, 258-59.) Here, it may fairly be said that these counts, as to the interest alleged to have been obtained, are drawn substantially in the language of the above statute, for it is alleged in each count that defendant Isaacs "did knowingly and unlawfully have, acquire, obtain and hold a direct pecuniary interest” in the State contracts therein specified. The question to be determined by this court is, therefore, whether such language sufficiently particularizes the nature of the offense sought to be charged so as to bring these counts within the rule authorizing charges couched in substantially statutory terminology. If so, defendants’ constitutional contention is without merit. If not, the cases adhering to the rule in Brown are controlling, and the trial court’s order was correct. If the constitutional requisite is met in this case, section hi — 3 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of 1963 (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1963, chap. 38, par. m — 3) which was enacted to satisfy the mandate that an accused be adequately notified of the offense with which he is charged, is also sufficiently complied with.
The People in contending these counts are not defective as vague and uncertain rely principally on People v. Adduci, 412 Ill, 621, where this court dealt with the predecessor of present section 12 of the act relating to State contracts. The pertinent section then provided, inter alia, that State officers and employees were precluded from becoming “directly or indirectly” interested in certain State contracts. (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1951, chap. 127, par. 75.) After upholding the constitutionality of this statutory language against a contention of vagueness and uncertainty, the court upheld an indictment brought pursuant thereto. That indictment, however, charged the defendant with an offense not only in the language of the statute, but also specifically alleged the type of interest in the contract that defendant was charged with having obtained, i.e., that he was paid a large amount of money as a commission in connection with the contract. The counts under consideration here charge only the acquisition of a “direct pecuniary interest”, and although the People urge that such distinction is of no consequence, we believe it manifest that the interest alleged in Adduci was measurably more specific than the interest alleged here. In our opinion, therefore, that case is not controlling.
Defendants rely upon cases such as People v. Peters, 10 Ill.2d 577, where this court held that an information alleging that the accused on a certain day in a certain county, as a resident of the State of Illinois not authorized to practice law “did then and there unlawfully, knowingly and wilfully represent himself as authorized to practice law” was constitutionally insufficient to state an offense. The statute pursuant to which the information was brought provided: “That any person residing in this state not being regularly licensed to practice law in the courts of this state, who shall in any manner hold himself out as an attorney at law or solicitor in chancery or represent himself either verbally or in writing, directly or indirectly, as authorized to practice law, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor”. (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1953, chap. 38, par. 298.) The court held that since the statute did not define or describe the acts constituting the offense created thereby, a charge couched substantially in the statutory language should have been dismissed. Similar cases are People v. Chiafreddo, 381 Ill. 214; People v. Green, 368 Ill. 242; People v. Flynn, 375 Ill. 366; People v. Barnes, 314 Ill. 140.
After a thorough consideration of the foregoing authorities, we believe that the statute pursuant to which these counts are brought, proscribing a certain class of individuals from acquiring a “direct pecuniary interest” in certain State contracts, does not by that language sufficiently define or describe the acts composing the offense so that an indictment couched substantially in the language thereof is constitutionally sufficient. While the People argue that “direct pecuniary interest” is reasonably specific, it cannot be denied that there are many types of such interests that the statutorily included class might acquire in State contracts. Without more specific particularization of the "direct pecuniary interest” alleged to have been obtained by an accused, he has no way of knowing with what he is charged. It may well be that the particular interest considered by the grand jury is not a “direct pecuniary interest” as envisaged by section 12, and an indictment charging the acquisition of such interest would be quashable as a matter of law. If the interest is not averred with greater specificity than was employed here, defendants might be forced to go to trial unnecessarily.
Our disposition of counts I and IV as to defendant Isaacs necessarily requires the determination that they are also insufficient as to defendant Lang, who is charged as having aided and abetted defendant Isaacs in the commission of the offenses sought to be charged therein.
The trial court’s order quashing counts I, IV, VIII and IX, is, for the foregoing reasons, affirmed.
We now come to a consideration of counts VI and VII, which the parties have denominated the “detailed Section 75 [12] counts”. Each of these counts charge defendant Isaacs, while occupying a position as a State officer and employee, with obtaining a direct pecuniary interest in a certain specified State contract for envelopes between the State of Illinois and Cook Envelope and Lithographing, Inc., an Illinois corporation. Count VI further alleges that on the contract date defendant Isaacs “was entitled to and owned 25 % or more of the outstanding common stock of the said Cook Envelope and Lithographing, Inc.” Count VII further presents that defendant Isaacs was on the contract date “entitled by contract and stock ownership in said Cook Envelope and Lithographing, Inc. * * * to more than 7^% of the total distributable income of said Cook Envelope and Lithographing, Inc.”.
Section 12 of the act relating to State contracts provides in pertinent part:
“Except as herein otherwise provided, it shall be unlawful for any person holding any elective state office in this state or a seat in the General Assembly or any person employed in any of the offices of the state government or the wife, husband or minor child of any such person to have, acquire, obtain or hold any contract, whether for stationery, printing, paper or for any services, materials or supplies, which will be wholly or partly satisfied by the payment of funds appropriated by the General Assembly of the State of Illinois, nor shall any such person have, acquire, obtain or hold any direct pecuniary interest in any such contract provided, however, that payments made in behalf of a public aid recipient shall not be deemed payments pursuant to a contract with the state.
“It shall also be unlawful for any firm, partnership, association or corporation from which any such person shall be entitled by contract, stock ownership or otherwise, to receive more than 7J^% of the total distributable income thereof to have, acquire, obtain or hold any such contract or direct pecuniary interest therein.
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“Any person found guilty of a violation of this section shall upon conviction be fined not to exceed $2,500. As amended by act approved July 15, 1959. L. 1959, p. 1237.”
It is the State’s position that stock ownership, to the extent alleged in these counts, constitutes a direct pecuniary interest in the contracts of the corporation in which the stock is held, and if a person within the included class of the first paragraph of section 12 is entitled to more than 7J^% of the total distributable income of a corporation which enters into a contract with the State, such individual is personally subject to prosecution. We do not so read section 12. The first paragraph declares that it shall be unlawful for a certain class of people to obtain direct pecuniary interests in certain State contracts. The second paragraph declares that it shall be unlawful for any firm, partnership, association or corporation from which any of that same class of persons shall be entitled to receive more than 7^2% of the total distributable income to hold or obtain any direct pecuniary interest in certain State contracts. In no way does section 12 purport to equate any stockholding interest in a corporation with a direct pecuniary interest in that corporation’s State contracts and thus subject the stockholder to personal liability. While the State argues that to construe section 12 as not subjecting such stockholder to personal liability in a case where the corporation would manifestly bé subject to a penal sanction cannot have been the intent of the General Assembly and in fact serves to thwart the public policy inherent in the statute, we must remember that we deal here with a penal statute and must construe it strictly in favor of the accused. (People v. Eagle Food Centers, Inc. 31 I11.2d 535.) It might well have been thought by the General Assembly that sanctions only against the corporation in situations arising under the second paragraph would constitute a sufficient protection to the State, for it is apparent that by amending section 12 to substitute the acquisition by a State officer or employee of a “direct pecuniary interest” in a State contract for the former language which precluded such persons from becoming “directly or indirectly interested” in such contracts, the General Assembly has substantially narrowed the scope of the statute. We therefore hold that section 12 does not impose personal liability upon a stockholder of a corporation which, under the second paragraph thereof, unlawfully holds or obtains a direct pecuniary interest in a contract with the State. The trial court’s order quashing and dismissing these counts as to defendant Isaacs was correct.
Cases cited by the People concerning the competency of witnesses under the Dead Man’s Act (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1963, chap. 51, par. 2) are inapposite, as are those cases decided under statutes proscribing the acquisition of a direct or indirect interest in State contracts similar to the predecessor of section 12 considered by this court in People v. Adduci, 412 Ill. 621.
Count II purports to charge defendants Isaacs and Lang, and Cook Envelope and Lithographing, Inc., with conspiracy, under section 8 — 2 of the Criminal Code of 1961 (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1963, chap. 38, par. 8 — 2) to violate the heretofore discussed portion of section 12 proscribing a State employee’s acquisition of a direct pecuniary interest in a State contract. Such count charges, insofar as relevant here, that defendants Issaacs and Lang, employees of the State of Illinois, and Cook Envelope and Lithographing, Inc., committed the offense of conspiracy, in that they, with intent to violate that portion of section 12 making it unlawful for any employee of the State to acquire a direct pecuniary interest in any contract for stationery, etc., knowingly and unlawfully agreed with each other and with others, to commit said offense, and in furtherance of said agreement Cook Envelope and Lithographing, Inc., entered into a certain specified ■ contract with the State.
Defendants say that this count wholly fails to allege that as an object of the conspiracy, a particular State employee was to acquire a particular direct pecuniary interest in the contract specified, and that thus the count is fatally defective as containing insufficient averments of fact. The People say that it is unnecessary to aver with particularity the State employee who is to acquire a particular direct pecuniary interest, citing People v. Beeftink, 21 Ill.2d 282. In that case, the defendants were indicted for the offense of conspiracy to commit burglary in that they unlawfully agreed together “to commit a felony, to-wit: Burglary, to-wit: to feloniously, burglariously, wilfully, maliciously and forcibly break and enter into certain buildings” situated in the county of Cook, and to feloniously steal, take and carry away personal goods, chattels, money and property of divers persons contained in said buildings. The court stated that this count was sufficient to charge the offense of conspiracy and that it was unnecessary to describe the particular buildings which, as an object of the conspiracy, were to be burglarized. However, it is clear from a reading of that case that the court was of the opinion that the burglary statute was sufficiently specific so that a valid indictment for that offense could be drafted in the language of the statute defining burglary. Here, we have held that in order to charge a violation under the pertinent paragraph of section 12, since it does not describe or define the acts which constitute an offense thereunder, it is necessary to aver them with specificity. Accordingly, Beeftink is not authority here for the sufficiency of this count.
We believe that, in order to adequately charge defendants with conspiracy to violate that portion of section 12 proscribing State employees from obtaining a direct pecuniary interest in certain State contracts, it is necessary to allege as an object of the conspiracy that a State officer or employee is to obtain a particular type of direct pecuniary interest in a State contract, and not an indirect interest by way of an interest in distributable income of the corporation, for it must be ascertainable from a reading of the indictment, as was the case in Beeftink, that the object of the alleged conspiracy is in fact criminal. While it is not necessary in a conspiracy count to describe the criminal offense which is the object thereof with the same precision as would be requisite in an indictment for that offense alone (Beeftink, p. 290), a charge that alleges, in the language of section 12, that certain State employees agreed together and with others to violate the portion of section 12 forbidding a State employee’s acquisition of a direct pecuniary interest in a State contract does not sufficiently apprise the defendants of the offense with which they are charged, and would not enable them to plead in bar a judgment of acquittal or conviction in a prosecution for the same offense. The order of the trial court quashing count II is correct.
Count X charges, insofar as pertinent here, that defendants Lang and Isaacs along with Cook Envelope and Lithographing, Inc., committed the offense of conspiracy in that they, with intent to violate that portion of section 12 making it unlawful for any corporation to have, acquire or hold any State contract for the purchase of stationery, printing, etc. or to have any direct pecuniary interest therein, when any person employed by the State, shall be entitled to receive more than 7^2% of the total distributable income of said corporation, knowingly and unlawfully agreed to commit said offense. An overt act by Cook Envelope and Lithographing, Inc. is alleged to have been committed in furtherance of the conspiracy.
This count charges that, as an object of the alleged conspiracy, a corporation of the prohibited class is to either acquire a State contract or a ■direct pecuniary interest therein. Since we have held the emphasized language not sufficiently specific so as to allow its use in stating the object of a conspiracy, count X must fall for the same reason as count II.
Counts XIII, XIV, XV, XVIII, XIX, XX, XXII, XXIII and XXIV charge defendants with conspiracies under section 46 of division I of the old Criminal Code (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1961, chap. 38, pars. 139, 140), which all parties hereto agree was repealed as of January 1, 1962, (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1963, chap. 38, par. 35 — 1). The People maintain, however, that these defendants may nevertheless be charged thereunder at the time of this indictment. It is the law of this State that conspiracy is deemed to be a continuous offense (People v. Walsh, 322 Ill. 195), and we have previously held that every overt act in furtherance of a conspiratorial agreement is a renewal of the conspiracy and that the Statute of Limitations begins to run from the date of the commission of the last overt act. (People v. Drury, 335 Ill. 539, 552; People v. Blumenberg, 271 Ill. 180.) The People take this to mean that even though a conspiracy statute is repealed, if the alleged conspirators continue to commit overt acts in furtherance of the original agreement, they may be brought to trial at any time within 18 months (the applicable Statute of Limitations) from the date of the commission of the last overt act. Thus, if a conspiratorial agreement were consummated prior to the repeal of the statute, and overt acts were committed after the repeal but within 18 months of the agreement or any earlier overt act, the offense would be prosecutable at any time within 18 months from the date of the last such overt act. This argument is without merit. Where a statute defining an offense is repealed, conduct prohibited thereby no longer constitutes an offense, and subsequent overt acts which would have ordinarily commenced anew the running of the Statute of Limitations while the statute was in force cannot resurrect the prosecutability of conduct which no longer amounts to an offense. While we have held that a prosecution pursuant to a repealed statute may be timely brought to punish a violation thereof occurring while such statute was in force, (People v. Tanner, 27 Ill.2d 82), we have never indicated that a prosecution might properly be brought pursuant to a repealed statute after the Statute of Limitations has run as to any offenses committed while the statute was in force. Sections 139 and 140 were repealed as of January 1, 1962. The Statute of Limitations would have run as to all offenses committed thereunder as of June 30, 1963. No indictments were returned prior thereto, and these counts were properly quashed.
Counts XXV through XXIX and counts XXXI through XXXIV seek to charge defendant Lang with offenses under section 4 of the act relating to State contracts. (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1963, chap. 127, par. 67.) Defendant Isaacs, along with Cook Envelope and Lithographing, Inc., is charged with, having aided and abetted defendant Lang in the commission of the offenses therein sought to be charged. Section 4 provides: “If any officer or employee of the Department of Finance shall, by himself or through others, corruptly collude or have any secret understanding with any person to defraud the State of Illinois, whereby the State shall sustain a loss, he shall, on conviction thereof, forfeit his office or employment and be imprisoned in the penitentiary for a term of not less than one (1) or more than five (5.) years, and fined in a sum not exceeding three thousand dollars ($3,000), and, the sureties upon his official bond, if any, shall be bound for the amount of any fine which may be assessed and fixed under this section.”
Counts XXV and XXX charge substantially in the language of section 4 that defendants Isaacs, Cook Envelope and Lithographing, Inc. and defendant Lang, an employee of the Department of Finance, violated the laws of Illinois relating to State contracts in that they knowingly and unlawfully corruptly colluded and had a secret understanding with each other to defraud the State, and as a result of such conduct the State suffered a loss. Isaacs and Cook Envelope and Lithographing, Inc. are thereafter charged with aiding and abetting defendant Lang in the commission of said offense.
Section 4 manifestly does not describe the particular act or acts which compose an offense thereunder, and in accordance with the views expressed earlier in this opinion a charge pursuant thereto must therefore specifically aver acts and conduct of those charged with the commission of the offense. Counts XXV and XXX merely generally charge the defendants in the language of section 4. The trial court properly quashed such counts.
Counts XXVI through XXIX, and counts XXXI through XXXIV charge defendants in the language of section 4, and specifically aver at length conduct in which defendants have allegedly engaged. Thus count XXVI charges defendants with knowingly causing the State to enter into a specifically described contract with Cook Envelope and Lithographing, Inc. while knowing that a contract could have been consummated with a named responsible bidder that would have supplied the materials specified therein for a lesser charge, whereby the State suffered a monetary loss. Isaacs and Cook Envelope and Lithographing, Inc. are thereafter charged as having, with the intent to promote and facilitate the commission of the offense, solicited, aided, and abetted defendant Lang in the planning and commission of the same. Counts XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, and XXXIV are similarly specific with regard to allegations of fact.
We believe these counts are sufficiently specific so as to notify defendants of the offenses with which they are charged, and thus they should not be quashed on the basis of vagueness and uncertainty. The counts charge defendant Isaacs and Cook Envelope and Lithographing, Inc. with having aided and abetted defendant Lang in the commission of the offenses substantially in the language of the statute defining principles of accountability. Ill. Rev. Stat. 1963, chap. 38, par. 5 — 2.
It is argued that section 4 is a special penal statute applying only to employees of the Department of Finance, and that since each count does not charge that Isaacs was an employee of the Department of Finance at the times specified therein, such counts do not charge him with an offense. We agree that section 4 is a special statute applying to employees of the Department of Finance. This means that persons without the defined class cannot be held principally liable as having aided and abetted an employee of the Department of Finance in the commission of an offense which inevitably involves participation of more than one person. Section 5 — 2 of the Criminal Code of 1961 dealing with accountability provides * * a person is not so accountable, unless the statute defining the offense provides otherwise, if: * * * (2) The offense is so defined that his conduct was inevitably incident to its commission * * While this court has heretofore recognized that a person, not encompassed within the class of people included in the statute defining the offense, may nevertheless be accountable for an offense thereunder and be punished as a principal offender, (People v. Damen, 28 Ill.2d 464; People v. Trumbley, 252 Ill. 29, 35,) the statute in those cases did not involve an offense which by its definition required action of more .than one person.
Counts XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII and XXXIV charged defendants Isaacs, Cook Envelope and Lithographing, Inc., a corporation, and Lang (said Lang being an employee of the Department of Finance of the State of Illinois) “committed the offense of a violation of the laws of the State of Illinois relating to State of Illinois contracts in that they, knowingly and unlawfully corruptly colluded and had a secret understanding with each other to defraud the State of Illinois, a body politic, whereby as a result of said corrupt collusion and secret understanding as aforesaid the State of Illinois sustained a loss, etc.”, contrary to section 4 of “An Act to revise the law in relation to State contracts,” as amended, (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1965, chap. 127, par. 67), which provides that “If any officer or employee of the Department of Finance shall, by himself, or through others, corruptly collude or have any secret understanding with any person to defraud the State of Illinois, whereby the State shall sustain a loss, he shall, on conviction thereof, * * *”.
Collusion is defined by Bouvier as “an agreement between two or more persons to defraud a person of his rights by the forms of law, or to obtain an object forbidden by law,” and in similar terms by other legal dictionaries. Dickerman v. Northern Trust Co., 176 U.S. 181, 190, 44 L. Ed. 423, 430.
“The term [collusion] is synonymous with conspiracy, and it is obvious and manifest that to constitute collusion more than one mind must be involved.” 11 C.J. 1221.
To “corruptly collude” is synonymous with having a “secret understanding,” since “collusion” is also defined to mean “a secret agreement.” 15 C.J.S. 348.
Both by the terms of said section 4 and definition, the word “collude” expressly contemplates participation by more persons than the employee of the Department of Finance, and the alleged conduct of persons charged other than the employe is inevitably incident to the commission of the offense charged in the said counts.
While the said counts allege that the defendants, other than Lang, “did solicit, aid, abet, agree and attempt to aid the said John J. Lang in the planning and commission of the said offense,” since the offense is “collusion,” which term is synonymous with “conspiracy,” there can be no solicitation, aiding, abetting, agreeing or attempting to aid in the planning and commission of the offense, without participation in the primary sense, and the conduct of each participant is inevitably incident to the commission of the offense of “collusion.”
Since the alleged conduct of defendants, other than Lang, was inevitably incident to the commission of the offense charged, it falls within the exclusion found in section 5 — 2(c)(2) of our Criminal Code which provides that a person is not accountable unless the statute defining the offense provides otherwise, if the offense (with which the other party is charged) is so defined that his (the excluded party’s) conduct is inevitably incident to its commission.
In the Committee Comments, S.H.A. Statutes, chap. 38, par. 5 — 2, it is said that “* * * sub-sections (c) (1) and (c) (2) do not prevent the extension of liability to such persons by provision in the particular statutes if this is desired. Thus, if it be decided that a bribe-taker should be treated as guilty of bribery, this can be provided in the bribery section. All that is done in these provisions is to state the rule that persons falling under sub-sections (c) (1) and (c) (2) are not guilty if there is no specific provision to the contrary.”
Section 4 is not contrary to section 5 — 2(c)(2), since section 4, dealing, as it does, with more than one person and not having provided a penalty for any person other than the employee of the Department of Finance, has made no specific provision to the contrary.
The legislature having, in section 4, expressed the thought that the officer or employee of the Department of Finance would engage in activity with other person or persons, and having had in mind that other person or persons would be involved, and, not having included therein such other person or persons, it has, by the expression of only the officers or employees of the Department of Finance, excluded the other person or persons.
In Ex parte Cooper, 162 Calif. 81, 121 Pac. 318, the Supreme Court of California in construing the statute proscribing adultery held that an unmarried female person who had cohabited with a married male, could not even under principles of accessoryship and accountability, be convicted of the offense of adultery.
In California at that time the offense of adultery was limited to married persons, and that case excluded her conviction as an accessory because she was a participating party. Cooper is, therefore, an authority for the position that persons in the participating class defined in a statute and omitted from the penalty in the statute may not be prosecuted under the accountability concept.
We must distinguish penal statutes which by their terms define offenses which may be committed by act of a single participant, from penal statutes, such as section 4, which define offenses, dependent upon acts of more than one person. With regard to the former type of penal statute, there may be accountability, but with regard to the latter type of penal statute, there can be only primary participation, and there is responsibility only when the latter type of penal statute specifically provides responsibility against all participants. Section 4 does not specifically provide responsibility against others than employees of the Department of Finance, and, as indicated, persons other than such employees are not liable under accountability provisions.
It is argued that the “Act to revise the law in relation to State contracts” (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1963, chap. 127, par. 64 et seq.) has been impliedly repealed by the Illinois Purchasing Act (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1963, chap. 127, par. 132.1 et seq.) and that thus section 4, a part of the former act, no longer defines an offense.
The former of these acts deals specifically with the manner of purchasing stationery, printing, and paper for the State, and implements section 25 of article IV of the Illinois constitution requiring, inter alia, the General Assembly to provide by law that such material shall be purchased by the letting of contracts to the lowest responsible bidder on such contracts. Section 5 of the Illinois Purchasing Act provides that “All purchases, contracts or other obligations or expenditure of funds by any State agency shall be in accordance with rules and regulations governing such State agency procurement practices and procedures which it shall promulgate and publish * * * for distribution to person interested in bidding on purchases or contracts to be let by such state agency.” It is provided that such rules and regulations shall be filed in accordance with the provisions of the act relating to rules and regulations of the State’s agencies, (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1965, chap. 127, par. 263 et seq.) and that such rules and regulations shall be approved by the Department of Finance.
It will be seen immediately that the Illinois Purchasing Act is general in nature and is broad enough to encompass all purchases by State agencies, while the “Act to revise the law in relation to State contracts” deals only with a limited subject matter, the manner of purchasing stationery, printing, and paper for the State. We have previously held that “where two statutes treat upon the same subject, the earlier being special and the later one general, unless they are irreconcilably inconsistent, the latest in date will not be held to have repealed the former, but the special act will prevail in its application to the subject matter coming within its particular provision. (Rosehill Cemetery Co. v. Lueder, 406 Ill. 458, 466-467; Village of Ridgway v. Gallatin County, 181 Ill. 521, 526.” (City of Champaign v. City of Champaign Township, 16 Ill.2d 58, 67, 68); see also Sutherland, Statutory Construction, Yol. 1, sec. 2021 (1943) and cases cited thereunder.) Moreover, repeal by implication is not favored, and even if there is an apparent inconsistency between two laws, they will be construed, insofar as possible, so as to preclude an implied repeal of the earlier by the later. See Village of Glencoe v. Hurford, 317 Ill. 203, 215-16; Dugan v. Berning, 11 Ill.2d 353, 358; People ex rel. Lunn v. Chicago Title and Trust Co. 409 Ill. 505, 510-12.
We do not believe these acts are so inconsistent with each other as to require an implied repeal, and it clearly was not the intention of the legislature that a repeal occur, for the “Act to revise the law in relation to State contracts” has been amended many times subsequent to the enactment of the Illinois Purchasing Act.
It is further urged that the section 4 counts are defective in failing to allege the amount of the loss sustained by the State. We cannot agree; each sustained count avers a monetary loss, and some further state that the grand jurors are unable to further particularize the amount. The amount of loss is clearly a matter of evidence and it is unnecessary to aver it with specificity in the indictment.
It is claimed that section 4 was repealed by the enactment of section 33 — 3 (official misconduct) of the Criminal Code of 1961, effective as of January 1, 1962, and thus no prosecution could be brought pursuant thereto at the time of the return of this indictment. We do not agree. The Committee Comments under section 33 — 3, which we have held are instructive in determining legislative intent, (People v. Blanchett, 33 Ill.2d 527, 532) say that “Section 33 — 3 codifies a variety of provisions of similar import found in Illinois Revised Statutes 1959, chap. 38, pars. 449, 464”. Section 4 is not included therein, and we believe it has not been repealed by section 33 — 3.
The People maintain that these charges are timely brought although June 15, 1961, is more than three years prior to the return of the present indictment. It is averred in each count where deemed necessary that June 15, 1961, is within the period within which a prosecution for these offenses may be commenced, in that the offenses are based upon misconduct in office by a public officer or employee and that the State’s Attorney of Sangamon County, the proper prosecuting authority, first discovered and became aware that the offenses had been committed less than one year from December 16, 1964.
Section 3 — 6(b) of the Criminal Code of 1961, which became effective as of January 1, 1962, provides: “(b) A prosecution for any offense based upon misconduct in office by a public officer or employee may be commenced within one year after discovery of the offense by a person having a legal duty to report such offense, or in the absence of such discovery, within one year after the proper prosecuting officer becomes aware of the offense. However, in no such case is the period of limitation so extended more than 3 years beyond the expiration of the period otherwise applicable.”
It is urged that section 3 — 6(b) is not applicable here for the reason that it refers only to prosecution for offenses brought under section 33 — 3 of the Criminal Code of 1961, denominated “Official Misconduct”. It is maintained that the language “misconduct in office” in section 3 — 6(b) must be taken to refer only to “official misconduct” as defined in section 33 — 3. We cannot accept this argument. If the drafters of the Criminal Code had meant to restrict the operation of section 3 — 6(b) to prosecutions brought for the substantive offense, “Official Misconduct”, they could have easily employed the same terminology in both sections. We believe the phrase “prosecution for any offense based upon misconduct in office by a public officer or employee may be commenced * * *” (emphasis added) was meant to provide for extended limitations for all prosecutions for breaches of fiduciary obligations of public officers. The Committee Comments bear this out: “Subsection 3 — 6(b) attempts to deal with the problem of the public official who commits misconduct in office, which has been more widely recognized in the statutes than that of the private offender. In addition to the states which have the more general provisions mentioned above, and those in which embezzlement and related offense are accorded special treatment without distinction between the public official and the private offender, several states prescribe a period which is longer for an official than for a private offender * * * Illinois had no statute recognizing the limitation problem as to either public officials or private offenders in offenses involving fraud or a breach of fiduciary obligation, except the provision considered below, concerning the exclusion of the official’s tenure of office from the period of the limitation in embezzlement cases. Some such recognition, however, seems advisable in view of the comparatively short (3 year) general limitation in this State; and, with respect to public officials, in view of the recent disclosures of large-scale embezzlements, some of which were discovered only several years after the offenders left public office.”
It will be observed that the comments refer to a three-year Statute of Limitations, and offenses committed under section 33 — 3 are misdemeanors and ordinarily subject to an eighteen-month period of limitation. (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1963, chap. 38, par. 3 — 5). This strengthens the conclusion that section 3 — 6(b) is more pervasive in scope than defendants maintain.
In our opinion, section 4, which manifestly involves a breach of fiduciary obligation of a Department of Finance employee, is within the contemplation of section 3 — 6(b). But even if this is so, it is argued section 3 — 6(b) is of no moment here for the reason that it is not retrospective in application. (It did not become effective until January 1, 1962, and these counts charge offenses on June 15, 1961.)
This court has earlier observed: “Statutes of limitations are measures of public policy only. They are entirely subject to the will of the legislature, and may be changed or repealed altogether in any case where a right to acquittal has not been absolutely acquired by the completion of the [original] period of limitation. Such a statute is an act of grace in criminal prosecutions. The State makes no contract with criminals at the time of the passage of acts of limitations that they shall have immunity from punishment if not prosecuted within the statutory period.” People v. Buckner, 281 Ill. 340.
Of course, it is the intent of the General Assembly which controls the determination of the question of retrospective application, and this intent may be ascertained not only from the language employed by the new statute but also from a consideration of the evil to be remedied thereby. (Orlicki v. McCarthy, 4 Ill.2d 342.) As stated in the Committee Comments referred to above, the drafters of this legislation deemed it wise to provide for an extended period of limitations concerning prosecution for misconduct in office because of the likelihood that such misconduct would not be discovered while the guilty person held office and even for some time thereafter. While it is true that section 3 — 6(b) does not expressly provide for retrospective application, we do not believe the General Assembly intended to immunize, upon the running of the former limitations period, persons guilty of misconduct in office which had not been discovered at the time this legislation was enacted but which was then still subject to prosecution. We accordingly hold that section 3 — 6(b) applies retrospectively.
Count XII seeks to charge defendants with conspiracy (section 8 — 2 of the Criminal Code of 1961) to violate section 4, earlier referred to. The object of the conspiracy is alleged as that conduct proscribed by section 4, and is couched substantially in the statutory language. As previously stated, we do not believe section 4 sufficiently describes the act or acts which compose a substantive offense thereunder, and in accordance with our views expressed elsewhere in this opinion, count XII is insufficient to charge the offense of conspiracy to violate section 4.
The People have averred in each count in this indictment where deemed necessary “that the period within which the prosecution in this case must be commenced does not include the period between December 16, 1964, and April 28, 1965, in that an indictment was returned by the Sangamon County Grand Jury against these defendants on December 16, 1964, which said indictment constituted a prosecution against these same defendants for the same conduct as is charged in this indictment, and which said indictment remained in full force and was pending in the circuit court of Sangamon County until April 28, 1965.”
It is said that this averment is insufficient to preclude the consideration of such period in that the disposition of the prior indictment for these same offenses is not specifically pleaded. We cannot agree, for the Criminal Code of 1961 (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1965, chap. 38, par. 3 — 7(c)) indicates that the period within which a prosecution must be commenced does not include the period during which a prosecution was pending against the same defendants for the same conduct, even if the indictment which commenced the prosecution was quashed or the proceedings thereon were set aside. We do not believe this language requires the People to allege in the new indictment the particular disposition of the original indictment. The salient requirement is that it allege the tolling of the Statute of Limitations on the basis of the pendency of prior proceedings against the same defendants for the same conduct. The cases of Lamkin v. People, 94 Ill. 501 and Swalley v. People, 116 Ill. 247, referred to a tolling statute which differed substantially in terminology from section 3 — 7(c) and are therefore inapposite. If a defendant maintains that prior proceedings constitute a bar to the instant indictment, he must specifically so plead.
Counts XVI and XVII charge defendants Isaacs and Lang, along with Cook Envelope and Lithographing, Inc., with the offense of conspiracy to violate sections 33 — 3(c) and 33 — 3(b) of the Criminal Code of 1961. The objects of the alleged conspiracies are set forth substantially in the language defining the offense, which we believe does not sufficiently specify the act or acts which compose offenses so as to authorize indictments couched in statutory language for substantive offenses thereunder. Accordingly, in an indictment for conspiracy to commit such offenses, it is necessary to allege more than agreements to violate the statute in the language thereof. Our comments as to counts II, X, XXV and XXX are also applicable here, and the circuit court did not err in quashing.
Defendant Isaacs, as to count XII which seeks to charge a conspiracy to violate section 4, argues that under section 8 — 3 of the Criminal Code of 1961 he may not be charged as sought by the People. Section 8 — 3 provides: “It is a defense to a charge of solicitation or conspiracy that if the criminal object were achieved the accused would not be guilty of an offense.”
Since we have held that persons other than employees of the Department of Finance are not subject to prosecution under section 4, count XII which seeks to charge a conspiracy to violate section 4 cannot be sustained as to defendant Isaacs.
Count V charges defendants Isaacs and Lang, along with Cook Envelope and Lithographing, Inc., with the offense of conspiracy to violate the Retailers’ Occupation Tax Act (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1961, chap. 120, pars. 440-453) whereby it is unlawful for any persons to engage in the business of selling tangible personal property at retail in the State of Illinois, without a certificate of registration from the Department of Revenue (paragraph 441a) in that they unlawfully agreed together and with others to commit such offense. Overt acts by Cook Envelope and Lithographing, Inc. are alleged to have been committed in furtherance of the commission of the offense.
Count XI charges defendants Isaacs and Lang along with Cook Envelope and Lithographing, Inc. with conspiracy to violate that portion of the Retailers’ Occupation Tax Act requiring the making of a return to the Department of Revenue of the State of Illinois (par. 444). The corporation is charged with having committed overt acts in furtherance of the conspiracy.
Charges under the provisions of the Retailers’ Occupation Tax Act for failure to obtain a certificate of registration and for failure to file returns substantially in the language of the statute defining the offenses require allegation that the defendant engaged in the business of selling tangible personal property at retail without registration or without filing returns. A count which undertakes to charge a conspiracy to engage in the business of selling tangible personal property at retail .and fail to register or file returns under the Retailers’ Occupation Tax Act, while substantially in the language of the statute defining the offenses, must charge who, as the object of the conspiracy, was to engage in the business of selling tangible personal property at retail.
Counts V and XI do not charge who, as the object of the conspiracies, was to engage in the business of selling tangible personal property at retail. These counts, therefore, are defective.
Count XXXV charges defendant Lang alone with the offense of official misconduct (section 33 — 3) in that he with the intent to obtain a personal advantage for one Theodore J. Isaacs, performed an act in excess of his lawful authority in causing the State to enter into a contract for the purchase of envelopes from Cook Envelope and Lithographing, Inc., an Illinois corporation, well knowing that Isaacs was an officer and employee of the State of Illinois and one of the owners of said corporation. This count fails to allege that, at the time of the contract, the corporation had, as one of its owners, a State officer or employee entitled to more than 7^2% of its distributable income. Under the allegations of the count, Cook Envelope and Lithographing, Inc. is not necessarily a corporation precluded from entering into a contract with the State, and the count accordingly is insufficient to charge an offense as to defendant Lang.
We accordingly hold counts XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII and XXXIV are good and sufficient as to defendant Lang, and the order of the Sangamon County circuit court quashing and dismissing those counts is reversed as to defendant Lang; as to all other counts the order is affirmed as to defendant Lang; the order of the Sangamon County circuit court quashing and dismissing all counts as to defendant Isaacs is affirmed; the cause is remanded for further proceedings as to defendant Lang.
Affirmed in part and reversed in part and remanded.
Mr. Justice Ward took no part in the consideration or decision of this case. | CASELAW |
Paramount Plaza Walk of Fame
The Paramount Plaza Walk of Fame honors artists who recorded for Paramount Records in Grafton, Wisconsin with a 'piano key'.
The first of a total of 44 'piano keys' is 2 ft wide by 7 ft long and made of black granite to resemble a keyboard. Annually, additional keys – placed by the Village of Grafton – will be inscribed with the names of artists who recorded for Paramount Records.
Starting in 2006, the first inductees chosen by the Paramount GIG ('Grooves In Grafton') organization, in Grafton, were Charley Patton, Ma Rainey, Blind Lemon Jefferson, Skip James, Thomas Dorsey, and Henry Townsend. | WIKI |
Talk:Tokoin
Notability tag
, are you able to help establish this article's WP:NOTABILITY? It's been tagged for notability for seven years, since you created it. We mainly need to establish that it actually exists, but on a Google search, I couldn't find a good reliable source and the French article is unreferenced. Also per WP:NPLACE: ''Cities and villages anywhere in the world are generally kept, regardless of size or length of existence, as long as that existence can be verified through a reliable source. This usually also applies to any other area that has a legally recognized government, such as counties, parishes and municipalities. Larger neighborhoods are usually kept if their names are found to have verifiable widespread usage. Smaller suburbs are generally merged, being listed under the primary city article, except when they consist of legally separate municipalities or communes (e.g., having their own governments).'' Whether this is notable will depend on whether it is considered a smaller or larger neighbourhood, but I have no idea. Best wishes, Boleyn (talk) 12:07, 30 March 2015 (UTC)
, what is your opinion on this at the moment? I have failed to find sources to add to the article and have asked for help at the Lome article talk page. It is one of only around 8 neighbourhoods mentioned for a city of several hundred thousand people, making me think that it stands a good chance of meeting notability, if we can verify it with reliable sources. Boleyn (talk) 10:31, 19 May 2015 (UTC) | WIKI |
RE: Alternative to NOBR tag?
Thanks for the references to the HTML spec. (I had searched for
All occurrences of the word "break", and didn't find anything
obviously applicable.) But to drill down on of your citations:
>From: Dave J Woolley [mailto:david.woolley@bts.co.uk]
>
>http://www.w3.org/TR/html40/struct/text.html#h-9.3.5
>about 4 paragraphs from the end.
>By convention, visual HTML user agents wrap text lines to fit within
the
>available margins. Wrapping algorithms depend on the script being
formatted.
>In Western scripts, for example, text should only be wrapped at white
space.
[JD:] Note that section 9.3.5 begins with the disclaimer:
"Note. The following section is an informative description of the
behavior
of some current visual user agents when formatting paragraphs...."
I think it's somewhat strong to characterize as "broken" a user agent
Which conflicts with text which is merely "informative" and not
"normative".
(Taken by itself, I don't read section section 9.3.3 on soft hyphen as
implying that the line-breaking behavior under discussion is broken.)
That said, I understand the frustration at the variation in behavior!
Jerry Dunietz
jerryd@microsoft.com
Received on Friday, 3 August 2001 18:54:51 UTC | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
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Aspose.ocr with java
Hi all ,
I am using the below code for text recognition from an image(attached in the file attachments).
public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException {
String imagePath = "./Image/Newwww.BMP";
String String resourcesFolderPath = ".\\resources\\Aspose.OCR.Resources.zip"; //(created a folder resources and copied Aspose.OCR.Resources.zip in it).
// Create an instance of OcrEngine , Modified the build path of my project by adding external jars.
OcrEngine ocr = new OcrEngine();
// Set Resources for OcrEngine
ocr.setResource(new FileInputStream(resourcesFolderPath));
// Set image file
ocr.setImage(ImageStream.fromFile(imagePath));
// Add language
ILanguage language = Language.load("english"); ocr.getLanguages().addLanguage(language);
// Perform OCR and get extracted text
try {
if (ocr.process())
{
System.out.println("\ranswer -> " + ocr.getText());
}
} catch (Exception e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
This was the output.
Output :
com.aspose.ocr.OcrException
: Error occurred during recognition.
at com.aspose.ocr.OcrEngine.a(Unknown Source)
at com.aspose.ocr.OcrEngine.process(Unknown Source)
at com.tcs.test.TextExtraction.main(
TextExtraction.java:51) //////(Line 51, i.e : if(ocr.process()) in my code)
Caused by: com.aspose.ocr.internal.bx: Error while loading 0 net (Network_12netsFS_Arial_BigAlphabet_18x18_8pt_468-26_v4L): Can't find resource "Network_12netsFS_Arial_BigAlphabet_18x18_8pt_468-26_v4L"
at com.aspose.ocr.aU.(Unknown Source)
at com.aspose.ocr.ae.c(Unknown Source)
at com.aspose.ocr.aK.(Unknown Source)
at com.aspose.ocr.an.a(Unknown Source)
... 3 more
Caused by:
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Can't find resource "Network_12netsFS_Arial_BigAlphabet_18x18_8pt_468-26_v4L"
at com.aspose.ocr.aE.a(Unknown Source)
... 7 more
Please help me how to resolve the error.
Thank you,
Divya.
Hi Divya,
Thank you for considering Aspose products.
By looking at the provided stack trace, we believe the error is caused due to the corrupted or incompatible resource archive. Please note, Aspose.OCR APIs use a version specific resource file, therefore if you are using any older version of the API with latest resource file or the other way around, you may encounter similar problems.
Please download & use the latest version of Aspose.OCR for Java 2.0.0 & it’s corresponding resource archive for your testing. Moreover, the current implementation of Aspose.OCR APIs work well with high resolution images having at least 300 DPI. Your provided image has the resolution of 96 DPI, and therefore returns garbage data when performed OCR operation with latest version.
Please feel free to write back in case you need our further assistance with Aspose APIs. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Paid Notice: Deaths MCDONALD, ROSE
McDONALD-Rose. Retired 1997 from United States Trust. On September 22, 2001. Dear sister of Patrick McDonald and Joseph McDonald. Sister-in-law of Marilyn. Cherished aunt of Patrick Jr. and Maria McDonald and the late Maureen and Kevin. Great-aunt of Dylan McDonald and longtime family friend of Fred Hupfer. Funeral from Matthew Funeral Home, Inc., 2508 Victory Blvd. at Willowbrook Road, on Thursday, 9 AM. Mass of Chrisian Burial Our Lady Star of the Sea Church, 9:45 AM. Friends may call Wednesday, 2-4 and 7-9. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Clinton team fretted about foundation optics
Hillary Clinton’s campaign has pushed back against criticism of her family’s charitable foundation, declaring that she’s “really proud” of its work, but behind the scenes her aides worked to deflect attention from the foundation and her role in it, hacked emails released Thursday show. As Clinton’s aides prepared for her presidential run in late 2014, Robby Mook, who would eventually become her campaign manager, raised the possibility of removing the former secretary of state’s name from the foundation. The Clinton Foundation in 2013 was formally renamed the Bill, Hillary and Chelsea Clinton Foundation, but Mook emailed top Hillary Clinton aide Cheryl Mills asking “whether it will still have and/or use her name next year.” Mook’s note, which was among a batch of emails hacked from the Gmail account of Clinton confidant John Podesta and distributed by Wikileaks on Thursday, suggested that dropping Hillary Clinton’s name from the foundation might be a smart political play ahead of her campaign launch. “It only matters for research and press purposes – i.e. it will invite press scrutiny and she’ll be held accountable for what happens there,” he wrote to Mills, using his own personal Gmail account. Republicans have cast the Clintons’ $2-billion foundation as a pay-for-access scheme that leveraged Hillary Clinton’s position as Secretary of State to raise funds for the foundation and enrich the family personally. In his 2014 email, Mook seemed to suggest he could omit Clinton’s name from some materials, though he wouldn’t necessarily have had any input on the formal name of the foundation, since he didn’t have any official role at the massive non-profit. “I can remove it if you think it's counter productive, but it's a discussion that should be had at some point in my view,” he wrote. Mills, who added Podesta to the email chain in her response, delivered a two-word response: “Like this.” The foundation’s website now refers to the organization mostly as “The Clinton Foundation,” and in August, Former President Bill Clinton announced that if Hillary Clinton is elected president “we will change the official name from the Bill, Hillary & Chelsea Clinton Foundation to the Clinton Foundation.” A couple months after Hillary Clinton launched her campaign in April 2015, Mook queried staffers about the foundation again: this time, about the splashy nature of some of its events. Writing under the email address “re47@hillaryclinton.com” on June 24, 2015, he suggested it would be politically wise to tone down the foundation’s events. “Do they plan to do big events next year? Possible for those to be smaller and lower key in 16?,” he asked Podesta. Wikileaks Thursday release does not include a response to Mook’s query, but the foundation did cancel at least one planned gathering during the campaign, even as it proceeded with several others that attracted plenty of press scrutiny. Clinton’s circle also had prepared for questions about the foundation in debates, an email from Nov. 13, 2015 indicates, although through the first two debates, Donald Trump has not made of an issue of it. Washington lawyer Robert Barnett contributed to an email chain with senior staffers, including policy adviser Jake Sullivan featuring a list of “tricky questions” for Clinton’s primary debate prep. “Role of Clinton Foundation if elected,” Barnett wrote. The Clinton Foundation declined to comment. Clinton's deputy national press secretary, Jesse Ferguson, noted that the campaign would not confirm "the authenticity of any individual emails." And an additional statement from another campaign spokesperson, Glen Caplin, noted that "the FBI believes the Russians are behind this hack and that a Trump campaign associate was back-channeling with Julian Assange." And Caplin also took a shot at the Trump campaign. "On Day 5 of the WikiLeaks propaganda campaign the question is what did the Trump campaign know and when did they know it?," he added in his statement. "The fact that Donald Trump refuses to condemn this intrusion by a foreign government, cheers it on, and even says it didn't happen is yet another reason why he is unfit to be president of the United States." | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Striving for Perfection
If you were to ask ten people on the street,What does it mean to be perfect?” you’ll likely get ten different answers. One person may say that it is the state of being without flaw. Another may say that it’s a state of complete harmony or of having solely positive qualities. Although perfection is a subjective concept, and thus virtually unattainable, there are still individuals who will go attempt to reach it. When this desire for perfection becomes ingrained in every aspect of a person’s life, it begins to consume them. This is the case for those with obsessive compulsive personality disorder.
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) is distinguishable from obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) in that those with OCPD believe their habits and actions to be rational and meaningful while those with OCD find that their behavior is unwanted and unhealthy. Most people with OCPD do not have OCD and most people with OCD do not have OCPD (De Caluwe, 2014). OCPD is a pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control and affects approximately 3-8% of the general population. Those with OCPD are noted to be obsessed with details, perfectionistic, stubborn, and inflexible. In addition, they are also extremely devoted to work, unable to discard objects with no material or sentimental value, hesitant to delegate tasks or give responsibilities to others, and often do not spend money (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
While some with OCPD are able to perform duties immaculately as a result of their perfectionism, others struggle to complete their daily tasks. People with OCPD often look in control, responsible, and orderly, leading many people to believe that they have everything going for them. Even though everything appears right from their point of view, this disorder causes several complications. In an empirical study assessing comorbidity in 43,093 individuals with OCPD, approximately 30% of those who had OCPD met the criteria for substance abuse disorder. They are also more likely to develop depression, attempt suicide, and have difficulty expressing emotions than their non-OCPD counterparts (Steenkamp et al., 2015). Many with OCPD are unable to complete their work in a timely manner because it didn’t reach their high standard. They easily become overstressed when things aren’t perfect, thus exhausting themselves. When they lose control of a situation, they will either emotionally withdraw from a situation or react strongly, often times in anger. Those surrounding a person with OCPD may view that person as arrogant for his or her unwillingness to work with others, stuck-up for being too hard working, and anti-social for focusing more on work than other leisurely activities. As a result of their refusal to work with others, people surrounding someone with OCPD will grow frustrated and distance themselves from that person. (Cain et al., 2015).
Marie Giunta, a freelance writer who focuses on OCPD, had spoken about her friend Marion’s husband, George, who has OCPD. Marion initially believed that her George’s habits regarding cleanliness and work ethics were innocent and desirable traits of a husband. However, once they moved in together, the extent of George’s perfectionism became clear:
“An example of his extreme view was how he insisted on a clean, tidy house – ALL THE TIME. Once cleaned the house was to stay that way. If you moved something it had to be put back exactly where it was. Believe me, you didn’t want to be around if George noticed something wasn’t how he had left it. We, (the children and I) knew that if he cleaned something, especially his work areas, we didn’t touch anything. Imagine living with that kind of scrutiny all the time?”
George was eventually diagnosed with OCPD but refused treatment and after 20 years of marriage, Marison asked for a divorce. Although she cared for him deeply, the tension was too much. Marison states:
“Had George been open to seeking help for his OCPD the marriage may have survived, but why would he seek help when he didn’t believe he had a problem?” (Giunta, 2016).
When you’re in a work environment that promote organization and cleanliness, it’s difficult to change how you think and what you do. Those with OCPD have difficulty identifying when there is a problem. When aspiring for perfection, it is sometimes natural to expect others to express the same. George’s life was structured; he had a loving family and a successful career. When there are so many positives in one’s life, it’s difficult to see that there’s a problem.
People with OCPD present traits that most would see as useful and almost enviable. However, not everything is what it appears to be. Like most mental illnesses, OCPD is difficult to see and even the most well balanced and calm individuals can possess one. OCPD affects not only the person who possesses it, but also everyone around them. When you see someone working to reach perfection or something of the utmost quality, you would see them as admirable and they may believe it too. However, even if you can’t acknowledge that there is an issue, it doesn’t mean that it isn’t there and it doesn’t mean that your life isn’t affected by it.
References
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
Cain, N. M., Ansell, E. B., Simpson, H. B., & Pinto, A. (2015). Interpersonal functioning in obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. Journal Of Personality Assessment, 97(1), 90-99. doi:10.1080/00223891.2014.934376
De Caluwe, E., Rettew, D., & De Clercq, B. (n.d). The Continuity Between DSM-5 Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder Traits and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in Adolescence: An Item Response Theory Study. Journal Of Clinical Psychiatry, 75(11), E1271-E1277.
Giunta, M. (2016, July 25). Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD). Life After an OCPD Marriage Breaks Down. Retrieved November 07, 2016, from http://hubpages.com/health/Obsessive-Compulsive-Personality-Disorder-OCPD-Life-After-an-OCPD-Marriage-Breaks-Down
Hasin, D., & Kilcoyne, B. (2012). Comorbidity of psychiatric and substance use disorders in the United States: current issues and findings from the NESARC. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 25(3), 165–171. http://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0b013e3283523dcc
Steenkamp, M. M., Suvak, M. K., Dickstein, B. D., Shea, M. T., & Litz, B. T. (2015). Emotional functioning in obsessive-compulsive personality disorder: Comparison to borderline personality disorder and healthy controls. Journal Of Personality Disorders, 29(6), 794-808. doi:10.1521/pedi_2014_28_174
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swh.storage.postgresql.storage module
swh.storage.postgresql.storage.EMPTY_SNAPSHOT_ID = b'\x1a\x88\x93\xe6\xa8oDN\x8b\xe8\xe7\xbd\xa6\xcb4\xfb\x175\xa0\x0e'
Identifier for the empty snapshot
swh.storage.postgresql.storage.VALIDATION_EXCEPTIONS = (<class 'KeyError'>, <class 'TypeError'>, <class 'ValueError'>, <class 'psycopg2.errors.CheckViolation'>, <class 'psycopg2.IntegrityError'>, <class 'psycopg2.errors.InvalidTextRepresentation'>, <class 'psycopg2.errors.NotNullViolation'>, <class 'psycopg2.errors.NumericValueOutOfRange'>, <class 'psycopg2.errors.UndefinedFunction'>)
Exceptions raised by postgresql when validation of the arguments failed.
swh.storage.postgresql.storage.convert_validation_exceptions()[source]
Catches postgresql errors related to invalid arguments, and re-raises a StorageArgumentException.
class swh.storage.postgresql.storage.Storage(db, objstorage, min_pool_conns=1, max_pool_conns=10, journal_writer=None)[source]
Bases: object
SWH storage proxy, encompassing DB and object storage
get_db()[source]
put_db(db)[source]
db()[source]
check_config(*, check_write: bool) → bool[source]
content_add(content: List[swh.model.model.Content]) → Dict[source]
content_update(contents: List[Dict[str, Any]], keys: List[str] = []) → None[source]
content_add_metadata(content: List[swh.model.model.Content]) → Dict[source]
content_get_data(content: bytes) → Optional[bytes][source]
content_get_partition(partition_id: int, nb_partitions: int, page_token: Optional[str] = None, limit: int = 1000)swh.core.api.classes.PagedResult[swh.model.model.Content, str][source]
content_get(contents: List[bytes]) → List[Optional[swh.model.model.Content]][source]
content_missing(contents: List[Dict[str, Any]], key_hash: str = 'sha1') → Iterable[bytes][source]
content_missing_per_sha1(contents: List[bytes]) → Iterable[bytes][source]
content_missing_per_sha1_git(contents: List[bytes]) → Iterable[bytes][source]
content_find(content: Dict[str, Any]) → List[swh.model.model.Content][source]
content_get_random() → bytes[source]
skipped_content_add(content: List[swh.model.model.SkippedContent]) → Dict[source]
skipped_content_missing(contents: List[Dict[str, Any]]) → Iterable[Dict[str, Any]][source]
directory_add(directories: List[swh.model.model.Directory]) → Dict[source]
directory_missing(directories: List[bytes]) → Iterable[bytes][source]
directory_ls(directory: bytes, recursive: bool = False) → Iterable[Dict[str, Any]][source]
directory_entry_get_by_path(directory: bytes, paths: List[bytes]) → Optional[Dict[str, Any]][source]
directory_get_random() → bytes[source]
revision_add(revisions: List[swh.model.model.Revision]) → Dict[source]
revision_missing(revisions: List[bytes]) → Iterable[bytes][source]
revision_get(revision_ids: List[bytes]) → List[Optional[swh.model.model.Revision]][source]
revision_log(revisions: List[bytes], limit: Optional[int] = None) → Iterable[Optional[Dict[str, Any]]][source]
revision_shortlog(revisions: List[bytes], limit: Optional[int] = None) → Iterable[Optional[Tuple[bytes, Tuple[bytes, ]]]][source]
revision_get_random() → bytes[source]
release_add(releases: List[swh.model.model.Release]) → Dict[source]
release_missing(releases: List[bytes]) → Iterable[bytes][source]
release_get(releases: List[bytes]) → List[Optional[swh.model.model.Release]][source]
release_get_random() → bytes[source]
snapshot_add(snapshots: List[swh.model.model.Snapshot]) → Dict[source]
snapshot_missing(snapshots: List[bytes]) → Iterable[bytes][source]
snapshot_get(snapshot_id: bytes) → Optional[Dict[str, Any]][source]
snapshot_count_branches(snapshot_id: bytes) → Optional[Dict[Optional[str], int]][source]
snapshot_get_branches(snapshot_id: bytes, branches_from: bytes = b'', branches_count: int = 1000, target_types: Optional[List[str]] = None) → Optional[swh.storage.interface.PartialBranches][source]
snapshot_get_random() → bytes[source]
origin_visit_add(visits: List[swh.model.model.OriginVisit]) → Iterable[swh.model.model.OriginVisit][source]
origin_visit_status_add(visit_statuses: List[swh.model.model.OriginVisitStatus]) → None[source]
origin_visit_status_get_latest(origin_url: str, visit: int, allowed_statuses: Optional[List[str]] = None, require_snapshot: bool = False) → Optional[swh.model.model.OriginVisitStatus][source]
origin_visit_get(origin: str, page_token: Optional[str] = None, order: swh.storage.interface.ListOrder = <ListOrder.ASC: 'asc'>, limit: int = 10)swh.core.api.classes.PagedResult[swh.model.model.OriginVisit, str][source]
origin_visit_find_by_date(origin: str, visit_date: datetime.datetime) → Optional[swh.model.model.OriginVisit][source]
origin_visit_get_by(origin: str, visit: int) → Optional[swh.model.model.OriginVisit][source]
origin_visit_get_latest(origin: str, type: Optional[str] = None, allowed_statuses: Optional[List[str]] = None, require_snapshot: bool = False) → Optional[swh.model.model.OriginVisit][source]
origin_visit_status_get(origin: str, visit: int, page_token: Optional[str] = None, order: swh.storage.interface.ListOrder = <ListOrder.ASC: 'asc'>, limit: int = 10)swh.core.api.classes.PagedResult[swh.model.model.OriginVisitStatus, str][source]
origin_visit_status_get_random(type: str) → Optional[Tuple[swh.model.model.OriginVisit, swh.model.model.OriginVisitStatus]][source]
object_find_by_sha1_git(ids: List[bytes]) → Dict[bytes, List[Dict]][source]
origin_get(origins: List[str]) → Iterable[Optional[swh.model.model.Origin]][source]
origin_get_by_sha1(sha1s: List[bytes]) → List[Optional[Dict[str, Any]]][source]
origin_get_range(origin_from=1, origin_count=100)[source]
origin_list(page_token: Optional[str] = None, limit: int = 100)swh.core.api.classes.PagedResult[swh.model.model.Origin, str][source]
origin_count(url_pattern: str, regexp: bool = False, with_visit: bool = False) → int[source]
origin_add(origins: List[swh.model.model.Origin]) → Dict[str, int][source]
stat_counters()[source]
refresh_stat_counters()[source]
raw_extrinsic_metadata_add(metadata: List[swh.model.model.RawExtrinsicMetadata]) → None[source]
raw_extrinsic_metadata_get(type: swh.model.model.MetadataTargetType, target: Union[str, swh.model.identifiers.SWHID], authority: swh.model.model.MetadataAuthority, after: Optional[datetime.datetime] = None, page_token: Optional[bytes] = None, limit: int = 1000)swh.core.api.classes.PagedResult[swh.model.model.RawExtrinsicMetadata, str][source]
metadata_fetcher_add(fetchers: List[swh.model.model.MetadataFetcher]) → None[source]
metadata_fetcher_get(name: str, version: str) → Optional[swh.model.model.MetadataFetcher][source]
metadata_authority_add(authorities: List[swh.model.model.MetadataAuthority]) → None[source]
metadata_authority_get(type: swh.model.model.MetadataAuthorityType, url: str) → Optional[swh.model.model.MetadataAuthority][source]
clear_buffers(object_types: Sequence[str] = ()) → None[source]
Do nothing
flush(object_types: Sequence[str] = ()) → Dict[str, int][source] | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Slideshow URLs
Thanks to the PITCHME.md Convention , anyone with an account on GitHub, GitLab, or Bitbucket can publish and share slideshow presentations directly from within public and private Git repositories. This guide describes how you can create a GitPitch URL for your slideshow presentations maintained under the following services:
By default, GitPitch treats GitHub as the default git repository service a.k.a. GRS. If you want to view or share a slideshow URL for a presentation published from a GitLab or Bitbucket repository you need to indicate the GRS on the slideshow URL as explained in the following sections.
GitHub Slideshow URLs (Default)
A slideshow URL for a presentation published on GitHub is defined as follows:
https://gitpitch.com/$user/$repo/$branch
Substitute your Git account name, repository, and branch for $user, $repo, and $branch respectively. Note, Git account names are case-sensitive.
GitLab Slideshow URLs
A slideshow URL for a presentation published on GitLab is defined as follows:
https://gitpitch.com/$user/$repo/$branch?grs=gitlab
Substitute your Git account name, repository, and branch for $user, $repo, and $branch respectively. Note, Git account names are case-sensitive.
Bitbucket Slideshow URLs
A slideshow URL for a presentation published on Bitbucket is defined as follows:
https://gitpitch.com/$user/$repo/$branch?grs=bitbucket
Substitute your Git account name, repository, and branch for $user, $repo, and $branch respectively. Note, Git account names are case-sensitive.
Advanced Slideshow URLs
Each of the slideshow URLs indicated above can be used to address the default slideshow presentation within a named branch and repository. But GitPitch also supports the publication of unlimited slideshow presentations from within a single branch. This requires further customization of the slideshow URL.
See the next chapter that describes advanced slideshow URLs and how you can Do More With Git . | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 32 Part 1.djvu/1321
XXIV INDEX. , Chkf of Engineers, Army, P¤8€· Chippewa Indians of Lake Superior, P¤€0· duties of, public buildings and grounds, a propriation for sup rt, etc., of .. 255, 991 D. O. 152 allotment to, on_l41c ggurte Oreille Resercvtu 0 sum; Army, v=m<>¤, W ¤¤, -- _ - - - Z95 apjprbpriation for contingent expenses 927 _ 0D Lac dl} Fl$mb€*}u R°S°!'V3U0¤» WIS- - #95 supervisory powers of, over line and staff. 831 0h*PP¢'“’“ !”*P¤”·* of M"”€80W» Chihuahua, Mexico, _ aptproprn=tion_ for advance interest . 243, 985 ¤¤¤~¤¤»¤¤¤ for ·=·>¤¤¤1 M -—--- Se 815 f3? StL1J33E?; ?F?;;;;;;;:;;;;;;;:;;.." 323 Ohudfmi D- C-, for paying for improvements, Mille Lac plan for_ care of delinquent, to be sub- _ Reservation __________ _ ___________ 268 mined ·-··--·—-·---···---··-·---· 9*8 for selling, etc., pine timber ... 986 Children? Guardians, D. CC, Board of, ceded lands to be surveyed .. 400 appropriation for administrative expenses- 612, separated into pinean agricultural lands 400 978 sale of timber on pine lands. 401 for feeble-minded children .. 613, 978 lease of saw-mill sites. 401 · for board, etc., of children .. 613, 978 forestry lands reserved on certain reservapayment to sectarian institutions. - . 613, 978 tion .. 402 forcareof children, HartFarmSch00l- 613, 978 selection by forester of Agricultural Dedeiiciency appropriation for care, etc. .. 119, 1044 partment .402 for expenses .. 562 lands reserved as Indian land 402 for S. S. Parkman, reimbursing 562 regulations for cutting, removal, etc., of payment to sectarian institutions. 562 timber _. - . 402 C;,ad,,.m»,, H08pm,], D_ Cr, upon removal of t1mber lands to be classed ·¤¤~¤**¤“°¤*¤**~°*¤*¤¤¤*¤ ·- 6**** i.0mt,?§§2§?.ltt‘;‘2L·;,_;;;,;,;lts¤·lt;(a··· 283 . s .. 0hc`i§‘iIJié:g¥r¤1woourt¤rmsu¤¤;p¤yme¤t- 764 Qf‘n;l*j,fcQ§s;{’°’V?s; §Q;f{£§;S€;;}L{t%éh··- jg}, Chiki yment of expenses ..., 404 up repriation for minister to 76, 807 dgposits or proceeds from sues or timber- . 404 gif ¤€°1'€t-ary of 18g9W0n ---·-···-- 77» 808 provision for sale of dead timber repealed. 404 d€6¢¤1¤¤€Y ¤·PPFoP¤¤¤0¤ {OF P¤·Ym9¤t Of allotment to be completed before opening 3WUd to -·--···--·-···--· 5 to settlement. ..._.,., 404 Chillicothe, Ohio, Chippewa Indians of the Mlbsixrippi, construction of public building authorized appropriation for fulfilling treaty with. . 248, 985 at ... 319 Citi pcwa River, His., appropriation for .. 427, 1084 deficiency appropriation for improving - - - 1046 · .imit of cost increased, public building - . - 1203 provision for improvement of, re `lod-- - 374 ` Chilocco, Okla., Choctaw and Chickasaw Citizenship 8::11, appropriation for Indian school ... 270, 1002 proceedings in, to determine citizenship. . 647 · China, created, jurisdiction; composition, etc 648 appropriation for ministerfo ... 76, 807 appropriation for expenses .. 995 or secretary of legation .. 77, 808 transfer of papers and causes ..,,,.,,..,, 995 for second secretary .. 77, 808 compensation of attorneys ,,,_,,_____ 995 for Chinese secretary 77, 809 l existence extended to December 31, 1904- 996 for student interpreters; appointment. 78, 809 Choctaw Indimm, for rent. of legation buildings, etc. 78,810 J appropriation for fnltilling treaties with. 248, 985 for erection ot legation builc ings, Pekin- 78 Q deposit of fund for relief of indigent .. 177 for interpreters at consulates .-,. . 86, 818 . commission to distribute .. 177 for mars als, consular courts in ... 87, 819 (7llm·mu· uml ( 7li¢·kusau· Indiana, for expenses of prisoners. 87, 819 additional agreement for allotment of Chinese Ervlrmiorl, lands, etc., ratified ,,.,,,,__,__,___ 641 appropriation for 450, 1112appraisement and allotment ._.,,,,._ 642 de ciency appropriation for 7, 29, 555,1036 sales of lands not reserved ...,,___,,__, 642 for deporting to Hongkong 1036 exclusive jurisdiction of commission ____ 644 laws relating to, continued ...,.. ---. 176 lands reserved from allotment _________ 645 extended to island territory ... 176 enrollment of citizens and freedmen ,____646 immigration fromislandstomainland pro- proceedings in citizenship court .. . - 647 hibitod .. 176 creation and powers of court .. - 648 transit in same group of islands allowed,- 176 appropriation for ex nses .. 648 mainland lleined ... 176 { rights of Chickasaw freeggien to be deter-· laborers, etc., for expositious admitted. .- 177 V mined by Court of Claims. 649 registration required in insular territory,. 177 enrollment and allotment to Mississippi duties of Treasury omcials transferred to V Choctaws .____,__ - ____________ 65] immigration officers .. 828 l reservations, etc., of town sites .. 652 jurisdiction over, transferred to Depart- ; issue of bonds for public improvements. - 653 ment of Commerce and Labor. 828sale of coal and asphalt deposits. 653 not affected by new immigration law 1221 l relinquishment of sulphur springs tracts- - 655 Chinese Plague, miscellaneous provisions 656 appropriation for preventing epidemic- 450, l113 appropriation for cash payment per capita- 657 Chinese Rclid Expedition, ratification by Indians _ _` ________________ 657 badges adopted for service in, may be Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory, wom at ceremonial occasions .. 1229 appropriation for town—site expenses -- - 259, 996 C’kim>ewa Halls, Wis., appointment of town - site commisdeiiciency appropriation for public build- sioner in case of vacancy 259, 996 mg site ., _ -- :-.., Z 1039 town limits of small towns .. 259 purchaseof public building site authorized. 1203 disposal of lands in _______________ 259 | WIKI |
Jeanette Lynes
Jeanette Lynes is a Canadian author, poet and professor born in Hanover, Ontario. She went to high school in Hanover and Flesherton, Ontario. She then earned an Honours B.A. in English from York University, Toronto, and went on to earn an M.A. and a Ph.D. in English (Canadian Literature) from York University. In 2005 she received an M.F.A. in Writing from the University of Southern Maine's low-residency Stonecoast Program. Jeanette has taught university in Canada and the United States since the mid-1980s. She was the Pathy visiting Professor of Canadian Studies at Princeton University in 2003. She is a former co-editor of The Antigonish Review. Lynes has been a Writer in Residence at Northern Lights College in B.C., Saskatoon Public Library, Kwantlen Polytechnic University and The Kingston Writers' Festival. She has also been on faculty at The Banff Centre (Writing with Style, 2010) and The Sage Hill Writing Experience (2006-2008) She is now Coordinator of the M.F.A. in Writing at the University of Saskatchewan and a professor in the Department of English at the University of Saskatchewan. Lynes is the author of seven collections of poetry and two novels.
Novels
The Small Things that End the World (Coteau Books 2018)
Set in World War II, Factory Voice (Coteau Books 2009) is the story of four women whose lives are forever changed by the opportunities the war affords them. The Globe and Mail calls it a, "rollicking good tale that shows regular ol' Canadians making the best of the worst of times. It'll make you laugh and cry."
Poetry
Bedlam Cowslip (Buckrider Books 2015)
Archive of the Undressed (Wolsak & Wynn 2012) is based on vintage Playboys and explores our relationship with pornography, the naked form, and the loneliness of these images.
The New Blue Distance (Wolsak & Wynn 2009)
It's Hard Being Queen: The Dusty Springfield Poems (Freehand Books 2008)
Left Fields (Wolsak & Wynn 2003)
The Aging Cheerleader's Alphabet (Mansfield Press 2003)
A Woman Alone on the Atikokan Highway (Wolsak & Wynn 1999)
Awards
The Factory Voice (2009) was long-listed for The Scotiabank Giller Prize, for the ReLit Awards (2010), and was a Globe and Mail 'Top 100' book for 2009.
Archive of the Undressed(2012) was shortlisted for the City of Saskatoon and Public Library Saskatoon Book Award and the Saskatchewan Arts Board Poetry Award.
Lynes was shortlisted for the 2012 Matrix Litpop Awards, won the Nick Blatchford Occasional Verse contest sponsored by The New Quarterly, for her poem The Day John Clare Fell in Love (1818) in 2010. Lynes was a co-winner of the Ralph Gustafson Poetry Prize in 2005, was a finalist for the Pat Lowther Memorial Award in 2004, won the Bliss Carman Poetry Prize in 2001, the Short Grain Contest for best dramatic monologue in 2001, and the Short Grain Contest for best postcard story in 2000 (from Grain Magazine). | WIKI |
Backus Creek State Game Area
Backus Creek State Game Area is a state game area within Roscommon County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It incorporates 4379 acres of hunting, recreational, and protected wildlife and wetland areas of rural Backus Township and Higgins Township. Backus Creek State Game Area is administered by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR).
Location
Backus Creek State Game Area is centrally located within Roscommon County in the north-central portion of the Lower Peninsula. The area contains three dams and receives its water source from Backus Creek, which itself flows into the Cut River and eventually to Houghton Lake. The state game area is mostly surrounded by undeveloped state forest lands, which are part of the Roscommon section of the Au Sable State Forest. Only a small portion along the western boundary consists of private property.
It is accessible by several unmaintained dirt roads, with the main entrance being Backus Creek Road off M-18 (North Roscommon Road). Interstate 75 (I-75) forms the northeastern boundary of the state game area. M-55 and M-157 are to the south but not within the area's boundaries. The state game area's headquarters are located at the Roscommon DNR Service Center and Wildlife Office at 8717 North Roscommon Road to the north at exit 239 off I-75 (M-18 and BL I-75). The nearest sizable communities include Prudenville and Houghton Lake to the southwest and St. Helen to the northeast. The village of Roscommon is located 10 mi to the north, and West Branch is the nearest incorporated city 20 mi to the east.
Located 4 mi to the south, the Denton Creek Flooding State Wildlife Management Area is the next nearest unit managed by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources. Backus Creek State Game Area is one of 12 state game and wildlife areas located within Roscommon County.
History
Prior to state ownership, the land was under single private ownership. The Backus Lake Dam was first constructed in 1937 and created the artificial wetlands.
The surrounding land was purchased by the state of Michigan through a grant allocated by the Pittman–Robertson Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act. The state game area was dedicated on October 13, 1954. Soon after its establishment, two additional dams were constructed in 1956 to expand the artificial wetlands to enhance the recreational area. In 2008, the state game area was expanded to include the southern Backus Lake Flooding near the original dam, which made the total area approximately 4379 acres.
In 2017, Backus Creek State Game Area was also designated as a Grouse Enhanced Management Site (GEMS). There are currently 19 GEMS in the state of Michigan, which are designated bird hunting locations with advanced mapping and flora identifications. Being designated as a GEMS allowed the state game area to receive improvements in walking trails and mobility for hunters, in which the Backus Creek State Game Area consists of 12 mi of maintained walking trails for hunters and hikers. Further mapping identified 60% of the state game area consisting of aspen trees and also an abundance of conifers and tag alders. The area designated as a GEMS extends slightly further than the boundaries of the state game area.
All three dams receive annual maintenance, and in 2019, the Backus Lake Dam and Backus Creek Dam were disabled to provide extensive reconstruction, while the Little Mud Dam remains operational. The water levels within the state game area were significantly reduced, as the two disabled dams have lowered the water level to the natural flow of Backus Creek. The two dams and their dikes were strengthened to provide better water level control. The project was completed by late 2020, in which water levels in the reservoirs were slowly restored. The state game area remained opened during the project, although normal hunting and fishing activities were greatly reduced during that time.
Dams and reservoirs
There are three artificial impoundments within Backus Creek State Game Area, which have expanded Backus Creek and created three subsequent reservoirs. The state game area consists of approximately 1830 acres of managed wetlands.
The Backus Lake Dam (44.33075°N, -84.58033°W) was first constructed further upland in 1937 and led to the creation of Backus Creek. This smaller dam created the uppermost impoundment, known as Backus Lake (or Backus Lake Flooding) at approximately 735 acres. This larger impoundment marks the headwaters of Backus Creek and receives its water from natural runoff and the surrounding wetlands. The reservoir is also sometimes referred to as Mud Lake.
The Backus Creek Dam and Little Mud Dam were built in 1956. Both dams are small, nearly identical barrage dams consisting of four spillways that are used for flood control. The Backus Creek Dam (44.34564°N, -84.59492°W) is the second dam along Backus Creek, which flows in a northerly direction. Its construction created the Backus Creek Flooding. This reservoir is approximately 485 acres. The farthest upstream dam is the Little Mud Dam (44.35856°N, -84.61178°W) closer to M-18. Because of this dam's closer proximity to houses, it is considered a "high risk" and requires more frequent inspections. This dam creates Little Mud Lake (or Little Mud Lake Flooding) at approximately 610 acres. The water flowing from the Little Mud Dam then flows unimpeded into the Cut River and a short distance to Houghton Lake.
Activities
The state game area provides a mixed-use of activities, while hunting remains the primary recreational activity. Common fauna hunted within the state game area include deer, turkey, bear (black bear), waterfowl, grouse, woodcock, snowshoe hare, and squirrel. Trapping is also permitted and includes beaver, muskrat, mink, and river otter. Coyote, fox, and raccoon can also be trapped in certain areas. The state game area has 12 mi of designated walking trails for hunters.
Fishing is also a popular activity but is not a main focus for development of the state game area. The water levels within Backus Creek and flooded areas can vary greatly depending on the time of the year and rainfall amounts. There are two rustic boat launches only suitable for kayaks and smaller canoes. Camping is permitted, although there are no designated camping locations. Hiking, birdwatching, and geocaching are also secondary activities within the state game area. | WIKI |
-- Dubai Shares Drop as DFM Posts Loss, Raising Concern October Gain Overdone
Dubai shares retreated to the lowest
level in a month as Dubai Financial Market PJSC reported a
third-quarter loss, raising concern that the benchmark’s gain of
almost 5 percent in October was overdone. Dubai Financial Market decreased the most since March as it
posted a loss of 2.95 million dirhams ($803,000). Drake & Scull
International PJSC, an engineering contractor for the real-
estate industry, declined 1.3 percent after profit fell 44
percent amid rising costs. The DFM General Index slipped 1.7
percent to 1,693.3, the lowest since Oct. 5, at the 2 p.m. close
in Dubai. The measure gained 4.8 percent in October. “Markets have been very strong, so this is a bout of
profit-taking,” said Sebastien Henin, portfolio manager at The
National Investor in Abu Dhabi. “The DFM reported poor results
and some investors were disappointed.” Arabtec Holding Plc ’s
third-quarter earnings also drove the decline, he said. Arabtec, the biggest construction company in the United
Arab Emirates, yesterday said profit slumped 96 percent as it
was hurt by project cancellations. The shares have tumbled 12
percent in the last two days to 1.90 dirhams. The 32 companies
listed on Dubai’s benchmark index are trading at 15.3 times
earnings , according to data compiled by Bloomberg. That compares
with 12 times earnings for Abu Dhabi’s gauge and 15 times for
the MSCI EM Index. Dubai Financial Market, the only Gulf Arab Stock market to
sell shares to the public, retreated 6.7 percent, the most since
March 17, to 1.53 dirhams. The bourse’s loss follows a profit of
71.5 million dirhams a year ago, according to Bloomberg data. Drake & Scull Drake & Scull fell the most since Oct. 12 to 97.7 fils. Net
income dropped to 34 million dirhams from 60.8 million dirhams
in the same period a year ago. Financial costs in the third
quarter rose to 13.8 million dirhams compared with 2.33 million
dirhams a year earlier. Abu Dhabi’s measure lost 0.7 percent and the Bahrain All
Share Index slipped 0.5 percent and Kuwait’s gauge decreased 0.9
percent. Qatar’s QE Index advanced 0.1 percent and Oman’s
benchmark stock index closed 0.2 percent higher. Saudi Arabia’s
Tadawul increased 0.2 percent at 1:19 p.m. in Riyadh. To contact the reporter on this story:
Zahra Hankir in Dubai at zhankir@bloomberg.net or To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Claudia Maedler at
cmaedler@bloomberg.net . | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
3 Replies Latest reply on Oct 5, 2010 12:35 AM by maziak
What are the benefits of FXG?
maziak
I know the high-level benefits, like being able to code it declaratively. But what are the underlying technical benefits over an embedded asset?
For example: Take a panel that has a gradient background. The skin-class can: (1) be defined as FXG or (2) contain a BitmapImage who's source property references the background as an embedded image. What will the benefits be in terms of:
- compiled swf size
- on-screen graphics processing
Cheers
Tracy
• 1. Re: What are the benefits of FXG?
Flex harUI Adobe Employee
Should be the standard trade-offs of vector vs bitmap graphics.
1 person found this helpful
• 2. Re: What are the benefits of FXG?
DavidSalahi Level 1
You can also apply effects to FXG graphics dynamically. Suppose you have 3 states that you want to render differently. If you're using bitmaps you'd need 3 bitmaps, one for each state. With FXG, you could just turn on and off the appropriate effects (assuming that you could accomplish the desired visual changes with effects). Furthermore, you could transition between the effects gradually if you wanted to. With bitmaps, you'd get no transitions, just an abrupt switch from one state to the next. Finally, it is easy to tweak the effects at any time (in code) with FXG. With bitmaps, you're going back to the artwork and exporting every time you want to tweak something.
David Salahi
1 person found this helpful
• 3. Re: What are the benefits of FXG?
maziak Level 1
Thanks Flex harUI & DavidSalahi
Now I have a little more insight into my conversion from .swf to .fxg assets ... I have been very hesitant, but I guess with playing around with effects / .fxg the benefits / tradeoffs will become more clear. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Adaptive immunity in invertebrates
Mário Arala-Chaves, Ph.D. Teresa Sequeira, Ph.D. Abel Salazar
Adaptive immune response differs from that of vertebrates
invertebrates
Lobsters have shown some enhanced resistance after microbial vaccination.
Recognizing the possible existence of a peculiar form of adaptive immunity in invertebrates is an important element in better understanding immunological evolution and the development of vaccination strategies. These may be relevant in the management of infectious diseases commonly found in intensive culture systems of economically important crustaceans.
Several empirical anti-microbial vaccinations have been attempted in shrimp and lobsters, with enhanced resistance reported. The prophylactic immunopotentiation was accompanied by immune cell activation and increased phagocytic activity. However, these results remain to be clarified by the existence of an adaptive secondary immune response in invertebrates homologous to that observed in vertebrates, or to a distinct type of immunoprotective pathway.
Adaptive immunity
Adaptive immunity has been assumed absent from invertebrates because they lack immunoglobulin (Ig), T cell receptors, and major histocompatibility complex, high-diversity molecules. Since adhesion Ig super family (SF) molecules – which in mammals are known to be involved in adaptive immune response – are present in invertebrates, it can be postulated they may also be responsible for invertebrate adaptive immunity.
However, because invertebrate IgSF molecules are not phylogenetically homologous to those of vertebrates, the existence of an anticipatory immunity has not been accepted in invertebrates. Undoubtedly, vertebrate and invertebrate IgSF adhesion molecules are functionally comparable, and humans and Drosophila share similar Toll cascade regulatory pathways. The non-existence of an adaptive immune response in invertebrates is taken for granted because direct homology between these molecules and those of vertebrates is absent.
Innate immunity
It is generally accepted that both vertebrates and invertebrates have innate immunity, which must have been conserved from primitive life forms to humans, and that the expression is upregulated by immune challenge. This up-regulation can be considered a peculiar form of adaptive immune response, since this response is increased upon challenging with immune stimulants. In addition, it has been postulated that invertebrates have an immune-neuroendocrine recognizing system that is optimized for a gross but efficient discrimination between self and non-self, and which is only slightly less complex than the vertebrate immune system.
Diversity of receptors for immunostimulants
Janeway (1989) suggested that invertebrates have a low range of pattern diversity of receptors for immunostimulants, resulting in similar intense responses to disparate antigens. In agreement with this, we found the shrimp’s constitutive hemocyte proliferation rate (HPR) was increased from 1 percent after stimulation with different mammalian B cell mitogens or combinations of two of these mitogens.
In contrast to this postulate, we also observed the HPR of P. japonicus was considerably higher in Fusarium infected shrimp than in the mitogentreated animals. Thus, like Drosophila, P. japonicus seems to be able to discriminate different challenges.
Fungal antigenic challenges
Furthermore, we observed significantly higher HPRs in P. japonicus challenged twice with the same fungal constitutive antigens than in P. japonicus challenged only once. Interestingly, this fivefold increase in HPR observed after a second challenge was identical to the constitutive HPR observed in cactus mutant Drosophila when compared to 1 percent in wild-type flies.
The higher HPR observed in shrimp stimulated twice with fungal antigens also correlated with cell activation detected by transmission microscopy and increased “cytokine-like determinations.” However, a secondary HPR increase was not observed after challenge with all antigens, and when observed after fungal antigen stimulation, it was much reduced in intensity compared to the secondary immune response seen in vertebrates.
Immune memory
The secondary responses we observed fit with the designation of immune memory stated by Hildemann (1984): “A common denominator of all memory responses is selectively altered reactivity following repeated antigen stimulation,” or with the concept of Kaattari (1994): “A memory response is one which is distinctive in its form and function from that of a primary response.” Thus, it seems reasonable to assume that a peculiar form of adaptive immune response, quantitatively and qualitatively different from that of vertebrates, probably exists in invertebrates.
Conclusion
We believe that although invertebrates have a lower diversity of receptors for immunostimulants than vertebrates, this limited diversity does allow immune responses of different intensity, at least to some antigens. Also, an adaptive immune response can be detected in invertebrates after challenge with certain antigens but not with others.
This secondary response is markedly different from the one observed in vertebrates. In addition, the cell proliferative levels observed in a secondary immune response are markedly smaller in invertebrates than vertebrates.
(Editor’s Note: This article was originally published in the December 2000 print edition of the Global Aquaculture Advocate.)
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Alan Cowman
Alan Frederick Cowman AC, FRS, FAA, CorrFRSE, FAAHMS, FASP, FASM (born 27 December 1954) is an internationally acclaimed malaria researcher whose work specialises in researching the malaria-causing parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, and the molecular mechanisms it uses to evade host responses and antimalarial drugs. , he is the deputy directory and Laboratory Head of the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI) in Melbourne, and his laboratory continues to work on understanding how Plasmodium falciparum, infects humans and causes disease. He was elected as a fellow of the Royal Society in 2011 and awarded the Companion of the Order of Australia in 2019 for his "eminent service to the biological sciences, notably to molecular parasitology, to medical research and scientific education, and as a mentor."
Education
Cowman was awarded his Bachelor of Science (honours) from Griffith University in 1979 and received his PhD from WEHI and the University of Melbourne in 1984, with David Kemp as his supervisor. His PhD thesis involved the cattle parasite Babesia bovis: in conjunction with other students they developed cloning, immunochemical and recombinant DNA techniques to analyze the parasite. This was followed by two postdoctoral projects and further exploring the malaria parasite at WEHI. He then took up a postdoctoral position to study Drosophila at the University of California, Berkeley in 1984. He was awarded an honorary doctorate from QUT university in Brisbane, Australia in 2020.
Career
Cowman returned to WEHI in 1986, and concentrated his research on genes that make malaria parasites resistant to drugs. In 1999 he was appointed head of the division of infection and immunity, a position which he held until he was appointed deputy director of WEHI in 2015. He also holds honorary professorships with the University of Melbourne and Harvard University.
Cowman's work has been supported by a senior principal research fellowship from the NHMRC since 2018, a Wellcome Trust Australian senior research fellowship in 1988, then by three successive international research scholarships from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. He held an Australia fellowship from 2007 to 2012.
His research focus has been on protozoan infections, in particular the cause of malaria (Plasmodium falciparum), which kill over 400,000 people each year world-wide. He made significant advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms which the malaria parasites use to take over human cells, and how they evade the body's natural defenses. He found that once malaria parasites take over human red blood cells, and remodels them so they can reproduce without triggering the patient's immune system. He also investigated how the parasites build resistance to antimalarial drugs. These two lines of research have helped to guide the development of new drugs, supplemented by his team's monitoring the spread of drug resistance strains. He also conducts research into the genetic properties of the parasite, and he was the first researcher to develop a live genetically attenuated vaccine of P. falciparum.
Publications
Cowman has published extensively:, Google Scholar listed over 350 of his papers, and 48,669 citations of his works. Google Scholar calculated his h-index as 124, while Scopus gave it as 91.
Honours and awards
* 1993 Gottschalk Medal for Medical Science and Biology from the Australian Academy of Science
* 1994 ASBMB Boehringer-Mannheim Medal
* 1998 Glaxo Award for Advanced Research in Infectious Diseases
* 2001 Centenary Medal awarded by the Australian government
* 2001 Fellow, Australian Academy of Science
* 2006 Lemberg Medal awarded by the Australian Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
* 2010 Howard Taylor Ricketts Medal from the University of Chicago
* 2010 Glaxo-Wellcome Australia Medal
* 2010-2014 president, World Federation of Parasitology
* 2011 Fellow of The Royal Society
* 2013 Victoria Prize for Science and Innovation, Victorian Government and veski
* 2013 Mahathir Science Award, Malaysia
* 2014 Award for Research Excellence from the Federation of Asian and Oceanian Biochemists and Molecular Biologists
* 2016 Wellcome Trust grant for development of antimalarial drugs with Merck & Co., Inc.
* 2016 Research Excellence Award from the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) recognising outstanding performance and excellence in health and medical research innovation.
* 2019 Fellow, Australian Academy of Health and Medical Sciences (FAHMS)
* 2019 Companion of the Order of Australia
* 2020 Corresponding Fellow, The Royal Society (Edinburgh)
Professional societies
Australia Society for Parasitology
Australian Society for Microbiology
Australian Academy of Science
The Royal Society (United Kingdom)
Australian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB)
Selected international and national committees
2010–14 president, World Federation of Parasitologists
2010, 2015, 2020 member, quinquennial review committee, Welcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
2013 chair, 'Target identification for malaria drug discovery' Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation 2013-
2013-2022 member, appointments and promotion committee QIMR Berghofer, Queensland, Australia
2014 fellow appointment panel, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Washington, USA
2015 Malaria Eradication Scientific Alliance, chair of working group, Boston, USA | WIKI |
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Mar
28
comment Script does not start when OS start|reboot
Does it work if you do initctl start vendorBroker manually?
Mar
28
awarded Critic
Mar
28
comment Leveraging Raid 0 with SDD and Traditional Hard Drive
A RAID 0 with a SSD and a 1TB drive will almost certainly be slower than the SSD by itself.
Mar
28
comment XMPP chat room logger
Logging is the most basic functionality of any chat bot. Just pick one and don't enable any additional features.
Feb
11
awarded Nice Answer
Apr
29
awarded Caucus
Feb
15
awarded Commentator
Feb
10
comment How can I set grep to default to a certain filename pattern?
csh is not POSIX compliant.
Feb
10
comment How can I set grep to default to a certain filename pattern?
@terdon I am going to guess no, since alias wasn't added to the POSIX spec until 2004.
Feb
10
comment How can I set grep to default to a certain filename pattern?
@slyx that should be an answer, but with "$@" instead of $1.
Feb
3
awarded Editor
Feb
3
revised Why does the “date -u” command show time 25 seconds ahead of “export TZ=UTC; date”?
fix formatting of command output
Feb
3
suggested approved edit on Why does the “date -u” command show time 25 seconds ahead of “export TZ=UTC; date”?
Feb
3
awarded Yearling
Apr
27
comment one sudo for multiple terminals
run screen after you start a shell with sudo?
Apr
23
comment How can i set the flags with gentoo prefix
unset PKG_CONFIG_PATH.
Mar
16
comment shell scripting - How to zip contents inside a folder without the folder itself?
Unless the files have spaces
Feb
5
comment How do I start in bash when ssh'ing into my server?
If you use adduser, it should set it to bash by default. The default is configured in /etc/adduser.conf. Otherwise specify the shell explicitly with useradd.
Feb
5
comment How do I start in bash when ssh'ing into my server?
See "posix mode" in the bash manpage. When used in scripting as /bin/sh, it's not really a problem (which is what I believe you are referring to). In interactive use, differences are more likely to be noticed. E.g. When executed as /bin/sh not all RC files are sourced.
Feb
5
comment How do I start in bash when ssh'ing into my server?
Good to hear you have been very careful. Not everyone has. Another note on your update, launching /bin/bash as /bin/sh is the same as executing it with --posix, which may have undesirable results. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Friday, February 26, 2010
I will never read all the books I want to.
Here is a frightening fact.
Being aged 42, if I live to 75 and read one book a week, the maximum number of books I will ever read is 1,716.
In the UK there are over 200,000 books published per year which means I will never read 99.974% of them.
So what are the 1,716 books I should definitely read?
Demo of my Shaw Low D Whistle
A demo recording of my new Shaw Low D whistle. Some people say that the Shaw needs a lot of breath but I think its more the speed of air that it needs so I breath through it like I do with my trumpet - concentrating on the speed of air rather than the quantity. If you have one and are having problems blowing it try keeping your cheeks in and raising the level of your tongue (think pronouncing "sss").
One of the big advantages of the Shaw Low D is the narrow diameter of the tube where the holes are and the close spacing of the holes themselves. A lot easier to play than my home made low D which has conventional hole spacing.
Tuesday, February 23, 2010
How to connect a computer running Ubuntu Linux to a printer on a Windows network.
Connecting an Ubuntu machine is remarkably easy:
1. On the Ubuntu machine go to System > Administration > Printing.
2. Click on the New button.
3. The system will search for printers, but not find any.
4. A new dialogue box pops up.
5. Click on "Network Printer" and "Windows printer via Samba".
6. In the box next to smb:// click on the browse button.
7. A box pops up showing the network.
8. If it doesn't then you might need to type the network name into the box next to smb://. You can get this information from a machine on the Windows network but the default is often MSHOME.
9. Double click on the name of the network then on the machine that the printer is connected to. You should then see its name.
10. Select this printer and follow the on screen instructions to install the driver. Choose the "from database" option first as the drivers for most printers will be available from there.
The procedure is the same for wired or wireless printers and computers on the network.
This information is correct for Ubuntu 9.10
Monday, February 22, 2010
Ubuntu Display Resolution Stuck on 800x600
This article refers to Ubuntu 9.10.
If you can't see a resolution option of higher than 800x600 this probably means that Ubuntu has not recognised your graphics card when the operating system was installed. The main group of cards that are not detected properly are Nvidia Geforce cards running under AMD systems.
To fix this go to settings and then hardware drivers. Ubuntu should search for appropriate drivers and install them. You will be asked to activate the driver and then reboot. Now when you go into the display settings you will be told that Ubuntu can't control these drivers do you want to use the manufacturers software? You select Yes and it launches the Nvidia driver interface where you can set the resolution to all of the ones that are possible. You should also see your monitors correct name showing (assuming it has been able to detect it correctly via its plug and play identifier).
I can't guarantee this will work for you, but it has worked for me and its a lot easier than many of the solutions I have seen posted in forums. Its probably better to try my method before delving into the operating system at the terminal window.
Tuesday, February 16, 2010
Tips for finding an available domain name
I can remember how easy it used to be to find a domain name for a web site, but as time has gone on the popular extensions like .com have filled up considerably.
I operated a domain registration service for many years and helped lots of people find suitabled domain names so here is my guide to finding a suitable one:
• Decide whether you want something easy to remember like plumber.com or whether you would be just as happy with joebloggstheplumber.com.
• If you do want a one word or memorable domain you are either going to have to buy it from its current owner or register it in one of the newer, less populated extensions like .me or .im. This can present credibility problems as people tend to trust .com or country specific domains like .co.uk or .ie more if its a commercial site they are visiting. Using a tld from a country other than the one you are physically located in can cause problems with Google not returning you in searches made by users in your own country. This problem has lessened because Google allow you to set the country in their Webmaster Tools (if you have not used Google webmaster tools go there now, its a must have tool and its free).
• Do you need a descriptive domain name at all? Not all memorable domain names bear any relation to the services associated with them. Think Amazon.com or Ebay.co.uk. Neither of these domain names mentions auctions or books. Wih this in mind you could make up an entirely fictitious word that sounds good, or you could do what I did when I inverted the word "someplace" to make ecalpemos.org. Another idea I have used is to add numbers to the end of words. I currently own musician2.com and musician2.co.uk which I am planning to develop into a site for musicians. Its easy to remember and was easy to register at the time so try adding a number onto the end of your chosen word. How about plumber1.co.uk?
• You might also want to consider a domain name which incorporates a search term into it like hire-car-in-edinburgh.co.uk. This might help with search engine placement, but it might not be so good for the overall promotion of your business. Google and other search engines reward content quality, relevance and updating frequency so you can do as well in the long run with a domain name that is not laden with keywords.
The next stage is to search for available domains based on your ideas. This can be surprisingly tricky because a lot of domain registration sites have very slow or cumbersome search systems.
Here are some more intelligent search sites that I have used recently:
http://www.dropped.ie (returns .ie and .com suggestions)
http://instantdomainsearch.com/ (searches for availability as you type)
http://www.bustaname.com/ (allows you to put in multiple words and select suffixes to add)
There are a surprising number of good domains out there which have either never been registered or have expired at some point so spend some time analyzing your needs and you should be able to find something that works for you.
Wednesday, February 3, 2010
Including content from Blogger posts in another web page.
If you want to include the content of your blogger posts in another page the easiest way is with PHP.
This is the code I used to pull the data out:
<?php $url = "http://blogname.blogspot.com/index.html";
$content = file_get_contents($url);
$start = strpos($content,'<!-- google_ad_section_start(name=default) -->');
$end = strpos($content,'<!-- google_ad_section_end -->',$start);
$mycontent = substr($content,$start,$end-$start);
echo ($mycontent);
?>
Then I manipulated its formatting using CSS.
It works, but exactly where you look for the beginning and end of posts will depend on the blogger template you are using.
Tuesday, February 2, 2010
Moving from Blogger FTP to blogspot hosting with Custom Domain
I received an email from Blogger today saying they were discontinuing FTP publishing. This was the service I used to publish my blog to my own server at www.hudson.nu/blog. I was not surprised they were discontinuing it because it had become very unreliable. Over Christmas I had considered moving my blog to a Google custom domain and had done some of the necessary work, but having received the email I decided to go ahead and make the move. It was slightly more complicated for me because I wanted to move from my old Blogger log in to my new Google log in.
This involved:
• Creating a new empty Blogger blog with the same template under my new Google log in.
• Backing up the old blog within the Blogger control panel and then restoring it to the new one.
• Sorting out the new widget based version of the template to make it match my old layout.
• Set up a mod rewrite rule to indicate a 301 redirect for each page so that no traffic was lost.
• Set up Google Analytics for the new domain (although I might just switch back to using the code from my main site which should cover two domains OK).
It all seems to have worked except that the main www.hudson.nu/blog address is not rewriting to www.ecalpemos.org (update: now working, may have been a browser cache problem).
Incidentally ecalpemos is the word "someplace" spelled backwards.
Update:
So glad to be off FTP publishing - this is much faster!
Here is the mod rewrite rule I used to redirect all the individual posts at www.hudson.nu/blog to www.ecalpemos.org
This was put in the .htaccess file located in the directory www.hudson.nu/blog
RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^(www\.)?hudson\.nu
RewriteRule (.*) http://www.ecalpemos.org/$1 [R=301,L]
This means that when a search engine lists a post like this:
http://www.hudson.nu/blog/2010/01/cumberland-spaceman.html
It redirects to:
http://www.ecalpemos.org/2010/01/cumberland-spaceman.html
and its a 301 (permanently moved) redirect so search engines should switch to indexing the new one.
Update 3rd February 2010:
So far, so good. No major problems. I fixed the image address rewrite issue.
My only concern now is that Google picks up the 301 redirects for all the blog posts and updates their addresses on search results. The change of address also means that my backlinks are via a 301 redirect so i exepct to see some crashing of positions for certain search terms that have genuine organic links back to my articles.
Another tip:
With a custom domain blog you can still use Google Webmaster Tools to submit a sitemap. There are two stages to this:
1. Add the verify meta tag into the head section of the blogger template.
2. There is no discrete xml sitemap file, but webmaster tools accepts this as the address of the sitemap: atom.xml?redirect=false&start-index=1&max-results=500
I have seen a suggestion that you could use "feeds/posts/full" but I found that only indexed about 20 or so posts. I set mine as "results=500" because I have a few hundred posts. I tried 100 and it only took 101 posts.
Google Analytics:
You do not need to split up your web stats between the new custom domain blog and the old web site. I used the same google analytics code on my new custom domain as I was using on the ftp hosted version of the blog and the rest of www.hudson.nu. This was done yesterday and today hits for both domains are in the one analytics report. If I go to a specific blog post in the report and select "hostname" it shows the hits seperately for the two different addresses.
| ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
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A Ray of Hope: Locating the Right Drug Detox Center
Health care cleansing is the initial step towards healing from medication or alcoholic drinks addiction. It is actually a watched process that assists men and women conquer drawback signs and symptoms and get sobriety properly. Nevertheless, lots of people are not aware of what medical detox consists of and how it operates. In this particular thorough manual, we shall make clear all you need to understand about medical detox.
Precisely what is Health-related Detoxify?
Medical detoxification is really a procedure that seeks to assist people get over actual physical reliance upon medicines or alcoholic beverages in the harmless way. It requires the use of detox programs medicine to handle withdrawal signs and symptoms preventing difficulties such as convulsions and respiration distress.
Who Requirements Healthcare Detoxify?
Health-related detoxify is usually recommended for those who have developed bodily addiction to prescription drugs or liquor. Withdrawal symptoms might be serious and also existence-harmful in some cases, so it is essential to look for professional help to manage them.
How Can Health-related Cleansing Operate?
In the course of health care detoxification, sufferers are monitored by medical professionals who provide prescription drugs to help relieve withdrawal signs and symptoms and make certain their basic safety. The time of health-related detox is determined by many variables like the form of substance abused, the seriousness of addiction, and specific health position.
Kinds of Drugs Employed in Medical Cleansing
You can find different types of prescription drugs employed in health-related detox based on the chemical abused and personal needs. By way of example, benzodiazepines may be used to control alcoholic beverages withdrawal signs or symptoms when buprenorphine may be used for opioid dependency.
Advantages of Health-related Cleansing
The benefits of healthcare detoxification are extensive, which include elevated safety in the course of drawback, reduced soreness along the way, improved chance of profitable finishing of treatment, and decreased likelihood of relapse.
Summary:
To conclude, when you or someone you know is being affected by substance or alcohol dependency, looking for professional guidance through healthcare detoxify is essential for attaining sobriety properly and successfully. Understanding what medical detoxification is, who needs it, the way it operates, and the key benefits of the method may help folks make informed decisions with regards to their treatment solutions. Do not forget that healing is achievable with the correct assistance and resources. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
What is the Difference Between Delta 8 and Delta 9?
What is the Difference Between Delta 8 and Delta 9?
With the new and increasing popularity of Delta 8, many people are wondering, “What is the difference between Delta 8 and Delta 9?" While these compounds are both derived from Cannabis plants and are very similar in their chemical makeup, they are different in the effects they produce. At low enough levels of concentration, Delta 8 THC is federally legal in the United States because it is derived from Hemp. Delta 9 THC is generally extracted from Marijuana and is still illegal on a federal level.
What Is Delta 9?
Delta 9 is Tetrahydrocannabinol, more commonly known as THC. THC is a substance found in Marijuana. This chemical is one of over 60 different cannabinoids (just a fancy word meaning it comes from Cannabis). Delta 9 THC is the psychoactive component in Marijuana that produces that “high” feeling. THC, like CBD and other cannabinoids, works within the Endocannabinoid System (ECS). The ECS affects many bodily functions including pain response, mood, memory, sleep, reproduction and immune response.
What Is Delta 8?
Delta 8 THC comes from Hemp and must contain no more than 0.3% Delta 9 THC to be federally legal. This Cannabis compound provides many benefits including promoting a sense of calm and relaxation in users. Hemp Bombs® offers premium Delta 8 THC that is derived from the best Industrial Hemp that is always grown on sustainable farms in the United States. Our Delta 8 THC products including our popular Delta 8 Gummies are produced in-house in our FDA-registered facility located in Tampa, Florida. We have a team of experts that constantly monitors product development to ensure the best, most consistent results for our customers. And it doesn’t stop there. We also use a third-party lab to ensure the safety and content of our Delta 8 products. View results by batch number on our lab testing page.
What Is the Difference Between Delta 8 and Delta 9?
The chemical compounds of these two THCs are almost exactly the same, with the only difference being the location of a double bond in each molecular structure. For Delta 9, the double bond is on the 9th chain of the carbon atom, and for Delta 8, the double bond is on, you guessed it, the 8th chain. Ok, enough of the science already.
While Delta 8 and Delta 9 are both forms of THC, they seem to affect people differently, with Delta 8 being more gentle than Delta 9. Delta 8 may produce some mild intoxicating effects, but Delta 9 is stronger, producing what many people refer to as “high.” Because Delta 8 is less potent, it seems to have more of a calming effect without the intense anxiety and paranoia that can sometimes accompany Delta 9 THC. (https://jcannabisresearch.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s42238-021-00115-8)
We hope we helped you get a better idea of the difference between Delta 8 and Delta 9 THC. Shop Hemp Bombs Plus and try some tested and trusted Delta 8 THC products. We conveniently deliver our products right to your home.
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Setting a wait state for an object
This feature is used to set a wait state for an object during playback to check for its existence. This is useful when waiting for an object right after starting your application, or after other actions that may take a long time.
Before you begin
To set a wait state:
Procedure
1. Click the Record a Functional Tester Script button on the Functional Tester toolbar.
2. In the Recording Monitor, click the Start Application button to start your test application.
3. Locate the object in your application that you want to wait for.
4. In the Recording Monitor, click the Insert Verification Point or Action Command button.
5. On the Select an Object page of the Verification Point and Action Wizard, use the Object Finder to select the object in your application. Once you have selected the object, click Next.
6. On the Select an Action page, click the Wait for Selected Test Object option and click Next.
1. To set a wait state for the object, either use the defaults, or set your own time. Maximum Wait Time is the maximum number of seconds Functional Tester will wait for the object to appear in your application during playback. Check Interval is the number of seconds between times that Functional Tester will check for the object during the wait period.
2. Check Use the defaults. Functional Tester check for the existence of the object in your application every 2 seconds, for up to 120 seconds.
3. To set your own time, clear the Use the defaults check box and type in your own values for Maximum Wait Time and Check Interval.
7. Click Finish. The statement containing the waitForExistence will then be written into your script at the point you inserted the object.
What to do next | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Hidden thoughts brought to light.pdf/8
Exod xxxviii 24 All the Gold that was occupied, the Gold of the Offering was twenty-nine Talents, and seven hundred and thirty Shekels, after the Shekel of the Sanctuary; is one hundred and twenty one thousand, five hundred and ninety-five Pounds.
Ver 25 And the Silver of them that was numbered of the Congregation, one hundred Talents, and seven hundred and seventy-five Shekels, after the Shekel of the Sanctuary, comes to thirty seven thousand seven hundred and twenty-one Pounds, seventeen Shillings and Six-pence
Ver 27. And of the hundred Talents of Silver were cast the Sockets of the Sanctuary, and the Sockets of the Vail, one hundred Sockets, a Talent for a Socket; is thirty-seven thousand five hundred Pounds
Ver 28 And of the thousand seven hundred and seventy-five Shekels, he made Hooks for the Pillars; is two hundred and twenty-one Pounds, sixteen Shillings and Eight-pence.
Ver 29 And the Brass of the Offering was seventy Talents, and two thousand four hundred Shekels; it eight thousand eight hundred and fifty Pound Weight, or seventy-nine ton and a half.
Levit xxvii 3 4 The Estimation of a Male from twenty years old to sixty, fifty Shekels of Silver of the Sanctuary is six Pounds five Shillings. If a Female, thirty shekels; is three Pound fifteen shillings.
Ver 5 If it be from five to twenty Years old, the Male twenty shekels; fifty shilling: a Female ten shekels, twenty-five shillings.
Ver 6 If from a Month to five Years old, of a Male five shekels, twelve shillings and six-pence, Female three shekels, seven shillings six pence, | WIKI |
Forget Penny Stocks: Your Money Is Better Off in These 3 Companies
Though penny stocks have the potential to skyrocket out of nowhere, they are often dangerous investments -- which is why they're valued in penny stock territory (usually $200 million or less in market cap, or under $5 per share). Institutional investors usually avoid penny stocks for their high risks, which is a clue that the retail investor probably should, too.
Rather than rolling the dice on a penny stock and hoping for the best, our Foolish investors believe your money would be better off in these three companies: robotic-assisted surgical system developer Intuitive Surgical (NASDAQ: ISRG) , genome-editing drug developer Editas Medicine (NASDAQ: EDIT) , and online travel booking behemoth Priceline Group (NASDAQ: PCLN) .
Arguably the best business model in healthcare
Sean Williams(Intuitive Surgical): Though the returns of penny stocks might seem alluring at times, they can be inherently risky. Rather than risking a dart throw, might I suggest you consider robotic-assisted surgical system developer Intuitive Surgical?
While the company's $400-plus share price might appear to be a hindrance to the average investor, it shouldn't, because this company is primed to get stronger as time passes.
Intuitive Surgical has three channels that generate revenue for the company. The first is the sale of its robotic-assisted surgical systems (da Vinci Surgical Systems), which tend to range between $0.5 million and $2.5 million. However, these are intricate systems, and their high cost to build often means the machines themselves are a low-margin product.
The other two revenue channels include the instruments associated with each surgical procedure, and services related to system maintenance. These latter two are high-margin sources of revenue, and their prominence as a percentage of the company's total sales will only grow over time as more da Vinci Surgical systems are installed. In other words, this is a fancy way of saying that Intuitive Surgical's margins are only going to improve over time , despite the entrance of competitors.
Speaking of competitors, Intuitive Surgical also has what might be an insurmountable lead over its peers in terms of installed systems. Since inception, the company has installed 4,149 machines, as of June 30, 2017. Comparatively, all of its peers combined hardly register as a blip next to this figure. It takes a long time to build rapport within the medical community, and the impetus to switch to a new robotic-assisted system simply isn't there for hospitals given the amount of money and time that goes into training surgeons to use these systems. In short, Intuitive has hooked its customers for a long time.
With the company dominating in gynecology and urology procedures, and angling to push into general thoracic and colorectal surgeries, a high single-digit or low double-digit growth rate should remain the norm. That's safety that penny stocks simply can't buy.
A risky biotech -- but the rewards could be huge
Keith Speights (Editas Medicine): I shy away from penny stocks, because they're just too risky. However, I'm not afraid to take on some risk when I think the potential rewards could be worth it. And in the case of Editas Medicine, I think the risk-reward proposition looks pretty good.
Let's first talk about the risks. Editas doesn't even have a product in clinical testing yet. As a result, the company is losing lots of money and will likely do so for several years to come. Editas focuses primarily on a gene-editing technique called CRISPR-Cas9, which hasn't been tested in humans yet by any company and could run into problems along the way. There's no guarantee that Editas will ever successfully launch a product.
Now that I've scared you, let's talk about the biotech's potential. CRISPR-Cas9 really could change healthcare as we know it . The approach offers a way to quickly and easily edit genes that cause diseases. While there are several biotechs working on gene-editing therapies using CRISPR-Cas9, Editas has a key advantage: It holds the patents to use the approach in humans. What's more, a court has upheld its rights to those patents already.
Currently, Editas Medicine's market cap stands at around $1.4 billion. That's an enormous level for a company with no revenue to speak of. However, one success with CRISPR-Cas9 in treating a genetic disease could give Editas a market cap several times higher. It's risky, but it's also a risk that I personally feel comfortable taking.
Worth every penny
Brian Feroldi (Priceline Group): I know all too well just how alluring penny stocks can be. I invested in them heavily almost exclusively when I first got started. My logic was that I could control hundreds of shares with just a small amount of money, which I thought was obviously better than buying just a few shares of "high-priced" stock.
Of course, I learned the hard way that penny stocks are priced low for a reason. All too often the companies behind the stock are pure garbage. I lost so much money early on that I was quickly cured of my myopic focus on price.
That's why I like to suggest that price-focused investors cure themselves once and for all by buying a stock that trades for well over $100 per share. My favorite business that fits this mold at the moment is Priceline Group.
Priceline owns a range of high-quality travel portals that you may have used to book your last vacation. Websites like Kayak.com, Cheapflights.com, Rentalcars.com, Booking.com, and more all fall under Priceline Group's umbrella. This is a wonderful business because the company gets paid each time a user books a car, flight, or hotel through one of its sites. With more consumers using the internet to book their vacations each year, Priceline Group's revenue, net income, and stock price have soared over the last decade.
PCLN revenue (TTM) data by YCharts .
Despite its tremendous history, Wall Street still believes that this company will be able to crank out earnings growth of more than 15% annually over the next five years. That's quite fast for one that's currently trading around 23 times this year's earnings estimates.
Don't let the high share price scare you away. The numbers clearly suggest that Priceline Group is a fabulous business that's trading at a reasonable price. Take advantage of it by buying a few shares today.
10 stocks we like better than Priceline Group
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Click here to learn about these picks!
*Stock Advisor returns as of January 2, 2018
Brian Feroldi owns shares of Intuitive Surgical and Priceline Group. Keith Speights owns shares of Editas Medicine. Sean Williams has no position in any of the stocks mentioned. The Motley Fool owns shares of and recommends Intuitive Surgical and Priceline Group. The Motley Fool recommends Editas Medicine. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy .
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Page:Federal Reporter, 1st Series, Volume 4.djvu/820
808 FEDBBAL BKPOBTKB. �a partnership files his petition in bankruptcy, and makes np his sohedulea without mentioning partnership assets or debts, and aska for his discharge onlyfrom his individual liabilities, he is net required by the law to inolude any partnership assets in his schedules of property. It is claimed that his discharge, when granted upon such a petition and adjudica- tion, applies to and releases him only from his individual debts, and does not release him from his partnership obliga- tion. �Much support for such a proposition is, doubtless, found in a number of the adjudged cases, {In re Little, 1 N. B. E, 341; In re Sheppard, 3 N. B. E. 172; Hudgins v. Lane, 11 N. B. E. 462; Cary v. Perry, 17 N. B. E. 147;) and I have so much respect for the opinion of the learned judges who have thus held that I have, with great care and consideration, examined the grounda on which they have founded their judgment, and regret that I am unable to reach the same conclusion. �There are difficulties, I confess, in the matter growing ont of the provisions of the bankrupt aot, and the general orders in regard to proceedings in the case of partnership; but, not stopping to set forth in detail the reasons for my opinion, I think that Judge Lowell, in Wilkim v. Davis, 15 N. B. E. 60, has correctly stated the law, and indioated the proper prac- tice, and that it is the duty of the bankrupt in such cases to include in his schedules his interest in partnership property, as well as his individual assets. �The second reason assigned is that only such property as is assignable should be included in a bankrupt's schedules, and the suit in question, being an action in tort, is not assign- able, and wcald not pass to the assignee in bankruptcy. �Section 5016 of the Eevised Statutes, in referring to the sehedule and inventory which the voluntary bankrupt must annex to his petition, provides that "the said inventory must contain an accurate statement of ail the petitioner's estate, both real and personal, assignable under this title, deseribing the same, and stating where it is situated, and whether there are any, and, if so, what encumbrances thereon." What description of property is stated to be assignable? ���� | WIKI |
User:Davidjacobchemla
Hello world,
I am new at wikipedia.
I hope you do not mind.
I speak French, Italian, English, and some Spanish, Portughese, German, Hebrew and Interlingua.
I am working on the European English project.
I hope that this article will not be withdrawn from Wikipedia.
European English does exist.
I have been working in many international IT projects in Europe. And I have noticed that Europeans speaking English do it in a European way, with a not very proper English, not defined in Oxford, or in New York.
If you are a native English speaker you will respond that we European should just study and improve our English language skills. But please, make an effort, it is not only a poor English, it is a European English.
For example if we often use the words "respond / response" instead of "answer" it is not because our English language skills are poor it is also because is is "réponse" in French, "respuesta" in Spanish, and "risposta" in Italian.
So please support the European English project, so all European, but also north and south americans have a chance to communicate all together. | WIKI |
Reply
Color in solid edge
Hello everyone: Smileyhappy:
I have square constructed with c # in solid.
But I have now colored
can someone help me. does anyone have idea how I can square colored with C sharp.
my
code looks like this
/ / Draw the base profiles
lines2d.AddBy2Points (A, C, A, B) ;/ / Line lines2d.AddBy2Points (A, B, D, B); lines2d.AddBy2Points (D, B, D, C); lines2d.AddBy2Points (D, C, A, C);
/ / Define relations among the Line objects to make the profiles closed relations2d = (SolidEdgeFrameworkSupport.Relations2d) profile.Relations2d; relation2d = relations2d.AddKeypoint (lines2d.Item (1), (int) KeypointIndexConstants.igLineEnd, lines2d.Item (2), (int) KeypointIndexConstants.igLineStart, true); relation2d = relations2d.AddKeypoint (lines2d.Item (2), (int) KeypointIndexConstants.igLineEnd, lines2d.Item (3), (int) KeypointIndexConstants.igLineStart, true); relation2d = relations2d.AddKeypoint (lines2d.Item (3), (int) KeypointIndexConstants.igLineEnd, lines2d.Item (4), (int) KeypointIndexConstants.igLineStart, true); relation2d = relations2d.AddKeypoint (lines2d.Item (4), (int) KeypointIndexConstants.igLineEnd, lines2d.Item (1), (int) KeypointIndexConstants.igLineStart, true);
Thanks
4 REPLIES
Re: Color in solid edge
Hello Karapara,
Here is one way:
lines2d.Item(1).Style.LinearColor = 16711680 // for Blue
Also I'd suggest using 'Insert Code' for the purpose.
~Regards,
Re: Color in solid edge
hallo Tushar
Thanks for the helpful reply
but I want to change the square surface colors and not just the perimeter. maybe you have idea
Thanks a lot
Re: Color in solid edge
Karapara,
Your term 'square surface' leads to several possibilities -
1. Are you creating a boundary patch using the line and change its color.
2. Extruding the square to a solid block whose surface colors you want to change.
3. You want to fill a solid pattern inside the square and change its color.
The code you posted has nothing inside the limits of the square - its a void and cannot be colored.
Can you kindly post the complete working code that creates the surface.
Regards,
Re: Color in solid edge
2 and 3 the possibility ...
First I want a solid fill pattern in the square and change their color.
I want to an extruded part of the (already konstruriert with solidedge) failed with c #
my code is not quite right and not complet
using SolidEdgeConstants;
using System;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Threading;
namespace MyMacro
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
SolidEdgeFramework.Application application = null;
SolidEdgeFramework.Documents documents = null;
SolidEdgePart.PartDocument part = null;
SolidEdgePart.ProfileSets profileSets = null;
SolidEdgePart.ProfileSet profileSet = null;
SolidEdgePart.Profiles profiles = null;
SolidEdgePart.Profile profile = null;
SolidEdgePart.RefPlanes refplanes = null;
SolidEdgeFrameworkSupport.Relations2d relations2d = null;
SolidEdgeFrameworkSupport.Relation2d relation2d = null;
SolidEdgeFrameworkSupport.Lines2d lines2d = null;
SolidEdgeFrameworkSupport.Line2d line2d = null;
SolidEdgePart.Models models = null;
SolidEdgePart.Model model = null;
SolidEdgeAssembly.AssemblyDocument assembly = null;
SolidEdgeAssembly.Occurrences occurrences = null;
SolidEdgeAssembly.Occurrence occurrence = null;
System.Array aProfiles = null;
try
{
// Connect to a running instance of Solid Edge
application = (SolidEdgeFramework.Application)
Marshal.GetActiveObject("SolidEdge.Application");
// Get a reference to the documents collection
documents = application.Documents;
// Create a new part document
part = (SolidEdgePart.PartDocument)
documents.Add("SolidEdge.PartDocument", Missing.Value);
// Get a reference to the profile sets collection
profileSets = part.ProfileSets;
// Add a new profile set
profileSet = profileSets.Add();
// aDD a new farbe
// Get a reference to the profiles collection
profiles = profileSet.Profiles;
// Get a reference to the ref planes collection
refplanes = part.RefPlanes;
// Add a new profile
profile = profiles.Add(refplanes.Item(3));
// Get a reference to the lines2d collection
lines2d = profile.Lines2d;
//parameter
double A = -1.5;
double B = -2;
double C = 6;
double D = -4;
// Draw the Base Profile
lines2d.AddBy2Points(A, C, A, B);// Line
lines2d.AddBy2Points(A, B, D, B);
lines2d.AddBy2Points(D, B, D, C);
lines2d.AddBy2Points(D, C, A, C);
// Define Relations among the Line objects to make the Profile closed
relations2d = (SolidEdgeFrameworkSupport.Relations2d)
profile.Relations2d;
relation2d = relations2d.AddKeypoint(lines2d.Item(1), (int)KeypointIndexConstants.igLineEnd, lines2d.Item(2), (int)KeypointIndexConstants.igLineStart, true);
relation2d = relations2d.AddKeypoint(lines2d.Item(2), (int)KeypointIndexConstants.igLineEnd, lines2d.Item(3), (int)KeypointIndexConstants.igLineStart, true);
relation2d = relations2d.AddKeypoint(lines2d.Item(3), (int)KeypointIndexConstants.igLineEnd, lines2d.Item(4), (int)KeypointIndexConstants.igLineStart, true);
relation2d = relations2d.AddKeypoint(lines2d.Item(4), (int)KeypointIndexConstants.igLineEnd, lines2d.Item(1), (int)KeypointIndexConstants.igLineStart, true);
lines2d.Item(1).Style.LinearColor = 65280;// grün
lines2d.Item(2).Style.LinearColor = 65535;// Gleb
lines2d.Item(3).Style.LinearColor = 16711935;// Blau
lines2d.Item(4).Style.LinearColor = 255;// Rot
}
catch (System.Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
}
finally
{
if (model != null)
{
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(model);
model = null;
}
if (models != null)
{
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(models);
models = null;
}
if (line2d != null)
{
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(line2d);
line2d = null;
}
if (lines2d != null)
{
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(lines2d);
lines2d = null;
}
if (relation2d != null)
{
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(relation2d);
relation2d = null;
}
if (relations2d != null)
{
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(relations2d);
relations2d = null;
}
if (refplanes != null)
{
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(refplanes);
refplanes = null;
}
if (profile != null)
{
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(profile);
profile = null;
}
if (profileSet != null)
{
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(profileSet);
profileSet = null;
}
if (profileSets != null)
{
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(profileSets);
profileSets = null;
}
if (part != null)
{
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(part);
part = null;
}
if (documents != null)
{
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(documents);
documents = null;
}
if (application != null)
{
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(application);
application = null;
}
}
}
}
}
| ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Action off Bermuda (1585)
The action off Bermuda, also known as Grenville's action off the Bermuda's, was a minor naval engagement that took place off the island of Bermuda over three days in late August 1585 during the Anglo–Spanish War between an English galleass, Tiger, and a larger Spanish galleon, Santa Maria de San Vicente. Tiger was victorious when the Spanish ship surrendered after a severe bombardment.
Background
In April 1585, English Admiral Richard Grenville was in charge of a seven-strong fleet that brought English settlers to establish a military colony on Roanoke Island. This had been founded by Sir Walter Raleigh, off the Western coast of North America (modern-day North Carolina). War had already been declared by Philip II of Spain after the Treaty of Nonsuch in which Elizabeth I had offered her support to the Protestant Dutch rebels. In August the 160-ton English ship Tiger or Tyger of twenty two guns (which had been converted into a galleass) under Grenville began her voyage back to England from the 1585 Roanoke Expedition.
On 31 August 1585 the Tiger after only the seventh day of sail sighted a ship; upon closer inspection it turned out to be a Spanish ship, and eventually caught up with her.
Battle
The Spanish ship fired off a friendly salute, and as soon as the ship was in range, the Tiger opened fire. The Spanish ship was the Santa Maria de San Vicente, the flagship of the Santo Domingo squadron of the Spanish Flota, captained by Alonzo de Cornieles. At near 400 tons Santa Maria de San Vicente was a richly-laden galleon having sailed from Havana with nearly 300 crew, soldiers, and passengers. She was struggling to catch up with the main convoy of thirty ships much farther ahead, having been forced to heave-to by gale-force winds.
Grenville soon realised that the size of the Santa Maria de San Vicente was much larger (200 tons bigger) than his own ship. The Tiger sought to close and use her guns to pound the ship into submission rather than board, which was Grenville's initial strategy. Cannon fire from the Tiger soon found their target and sent shot firstly into the rigging of Santa Maria de San Vicente. She was hit by a number of broadsides from the Tiger, and a further shot holed her below the waterline. For three days the Santa Maria managed to put up with incessant attacks from Tiger but was unable to reply effectively as her guns were falling well short of the English vessel. Unable to tolerate the bombardment any more the Santa Maria de San Vicente turned around and attacked. She attempted to board, but the Tiger kept a good distance putting up stout resistance. The English ship, despite being outnumbered, was able to gain the upper hand by pounding the Spanish ship into submission.
Tiger began to have some sustained damage, and the English decided to act. With crates and sheathing from the Tiger, English sailors created a raft and used it to assault the Spanish ship. Cornieles seeing that he was in a desperate situation having already been holed and suffered heavy damage, then surrendered. The twenty men on the makeshift raft sank just as they landed on board.
The Spanish had suffered ten casualties in all, while the English had only two wounded. The Spanish prisoners were transferred to the Tiger, and the two ships travelled together, bound for England.
Aftermath
On the journey home both ships endured high seas and storms - the prisoners were dropped off at the Azores islands under oath. The Santa Maria de San Vicente was taken into Bideford amid much rejoicing. Grenville officially valued the prize at 15,000 pounds, making the voyage a large profit. The capture was vital for underlining Grenville and Raleigh's case that colonization and exploration could be financed through privateering. Over 40,000 ducats worth of gold, silver, and pearls” along with cochineal, ginger, sugar, and ivory were discovered in the large hold. On the other hand, the Spanish estimated the value of the vessel at 50,000 pounds, and it was rumoured by some to have been worth as much as one million ducats. This spurred accusations against Grenville of embezzlement. Santa Maria was converted into a galleon known as the Galleon Dudley. Three years later both Tiger and the Galleon Dudley fought during the defeat of the Spanish armada.
Pedro Diaz, a pilot of the Santa Maria de San Vicente', was kept as a prisoner by the English, who brought him along on the 1586 Roanoke Voyage, of which he kept a detailed journal which proved useful in knowledge of that expedition.
The cannons from Santa Maria de San Vicente were discovered by the quayside of Bideford in 1895. They were then placed in Bideford's Victoria Park only to be erroneously labelled 'Amada cannons'. | WIKI |
akọigba
Etymology
From.
Noun
* 1) Someone who was taught manners but refused to heed instructions; a mannerless untrainable person. | WIKI |
Linux Base64.
I’ll show you how it works!
perl -MCPAN -e shell install MIME::Base64
cpanm MIME::Base64.
Encode. Decode and Encode Base64 data with this online base64 decoder. Base64 encode your data in a hassle-free way, or decode it into human-readable format. Linux下用管道执行base64命令加密解密字符串直接上实例代码，用base64加密解密字符串。 test.c 文件：#include #include #include #define MAXL_B... Jiajiajiang_的博客 We do not provide any option for this. "Unicode.GetBytes.ToBase64String"
Base64 encoding is used in quite a few places and there are many online web sites that let you encode or decode Base64.
base64(3) - Linux man page Name base64 - Implements base 64 encode and decode, see RFC2045.
To install MIME::Base64, simply copy and paste either of the commands in to your terminal. Decoding Base64 encoded data to binary data in Node.js. Linux Base64. How can I decode a base64 string from the command line? Implements base 64 encode and decode, see RFC2045. Now we will look some examples about to encrypt and decrypt Base64 in Linux bash environment. We will encode file contents named data.txt with base64 command.
Linux Bash Encode Decode. U. rl Encode Decode in Linux Terminal: URL is the address or the location of the server.The URL expanded as “Uniform Resource Locater“.The sample URL format is “https://tecrobust.com“.You can access the files and folder of tecrobust server using the URL “https://tecrobust.com“.URL Encode is a process of encoding URL under cetain circumtances. Therefore 64 characters are chosen that are both members of a subset common to most encodings (ASCII), and also printable.
Linux base64 encode. I'm trying to base64 encode an image in a shell script and put it into variable: test="$ ... How to base64 encode image in linux bash / shell. Description. CPAN shell. We will encode file contents named data.txt with base64 command. We mostly use Base64 encoding to encode binary data.
Alternatively we can also google and use any website offering decoding of text from these two types. I am not very comfortable using such sites for security and privacy reasons so I went looking for alternative solutions. $ base64 foo.dat # エンコード $ base64 -d foo.txt # デコード ファイル名を渡さないか - をパラメータにすると標準入力を処理する。 エンコード済みのデータの改行位置がおかしかったりしてうまくデコードできない場合は以下のように tr コマンド で削除をするとよい。
This is to ensure that the data remains intact without modification during transport.
Command. The following example shows how to decode a Base64 encoded data back to binary data. Whether you're using Linux, Windows or macOS you can use built-in tools to both encode or decode Base64 data. Now we will look some examples about to encrypt and decrypt Base64 in Linux bash environment. It can work two way without a security restriction of password. Base64 The term Base64 is coming from a certain MIME content transfer encoding. Base64 encoding schemes are commonly used when there is a need to encode binary data that needs be stored and transferred over media that are designed to deal with textual data. cpanm. Decode base64 string from 'YmFzZTY0IGRlY29kZXI=' to 'base64 decoder' Tweet. Ask Question Asked 6 years, ... Browse other questions tagged linux image shell variables base64 or ask your own question. This question probably has been answered, but I couldn't find it Question How can I 'base64 encode' a string in bash so it matches "what windows expects", i.e. Decoding is very similar to encode we will just provide -d option to the base64 command like below. ... Base64 decode. Base64 encoded data can be easily reverted or decoded back to the text format.
base64 - Encode data in base64 format. Decode Base64 and ROT13 in Linux Terminal Below are the commands , to Decode and Encoded text from Base64 and Rot13. Base64 to hex: Encode and decode bytes online. If you have ever needed to quickly decode or encode base64, Linux has a command line utility called base64 that works great.
Tap code AES Encryption Crockford's Base32 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:Jkreeg
Hey I'm Jim, I've been editing anonymously for a while now but I decided to create an account. I mostly work on articles about higher education and some other random stuff I find interesting. | WIKI |
pack : Java Glossary
*0-9ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ (all)
pack
pack resizes the Window to the minimum size to satisfy the preferred size of each of the components in the layout, then computes the layout by calling validate. pack also ensures the peers of the Window and its parent are present by calling addNotify if necessary. In constrast validate uses the current size of the Window.
pack is a method of Window, and validate of Container. Thus you can use pack on Frames but not Panels. validate works on Panels and Frames.
pack makes its Window displayable but not necessarily visible. Displayable means it has been hooked into the native GUI (Graphic User Interface), any peer objects have been created and addNotify has been called.
Packing also refers to bundling together several fields into a larger one. This used to be a common thing to do, but today it is used only when RAM (Random Access Memory) is tight. You do it with shifts << >>> and logical ors |. For example you could pack a (a four bit field) and b (a two bit field) into a 16 bit short c, like this:
// packing a (4 bit field) and b (2 bit field) into c (a 16-bit short)
// slide a to left to make room for b and plop a to the left of b
short c = (short) ((a << 2) | b);
If you use setLocationRelativeTo, make sure you call it after pack.
Oracle’s Javadoc on pack package : available:
This page is posted
on the web at:
http://mindprod.com/jgloss/pack.html
Optional Replicator mirror
of mindprod.com
on local hard disk J:
J:\mindprod\jgloss\pack.html
Canadian Mind Products
Please the feedback from other visitors, or your own feedback about the site.
Contact Roedy. Please feel free to link to this page without explicit permission.
IP:[65.110.21.43]
Your face IP:[18.232.31.206]
You are visitor number | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Why Does My Car Squeal When I Start It?
Why Does My Car Squeal When I Start It?
Car squealing when you start your car is frustrating, especially if you don’t know what’s the cause of it.
Why Does My Car Squeal When I Start It
In this article, we will walk you through common causes of why your car squeals whenever you start it and possible ways to fix it.
Reasons Why Your Car Squeals When You Start It
Below are some likely reasons why your car squeals when you start it, the reason may not be a definite one, therefore you are strongly advised to seek professional help after you try some DIY options whenever your car has issues in order not to complicate issues and for your safety.
There are several distinct causes for why your car can start squealing whenever you start it.
If this has been happening to you for a while, you might be able to spot some patterns. Does the noise only start up your automobile and stop after a few minutes?
How loud is the sound? Where’s the sound coming from?
Let’s Find Out Ways to Fix It
Nevertheless, you can try some DIY steps if your car squeals when you start it. There are a few things you can do to fix the problem.
If none of the solutions below fixes your car from squealing when you start it then there may be something wrong with you will need to take your car to a mechanic for a proper check-up.
Faulty Alternator
You should make sure that the squealing sound coming from your car is not an indication that your alternator is failing before starting to work on your belt.
When you start your car, a faulty alternator may make the engine squeal. This is accomplished by obstructing the belt’s operation.
Remove the belt and rotate the pulley to check the alternator to make sure it is operating properly.
Make sure it spins smoothly; that’s what you want. It can be a clue that your alternator is failing if you hear any noises, feel any crunching, or have trouble turning it.
When you start the car, a loud screeching sound can be coming from it. Along with the belt, the alternator needs to be replaced.
Solution
Alternator replacement is not a task for the typical do-it-yourself enthusiast. It requires someone with strong mechanical aptitude and knowledge of motor repairs.
You’d be far better off leaving the task to the specialists if you’re not confident about it.
An alternator is an electrical component found in the engine compartment of your car. Its responsibility is to produce electricity to recharge the battery.
This is accomplished by connecting to the engine drive, and as it rotates, it generates electricity.
The rotor, a collection of rapidly rotating magnets, and the stator, a bundle of copper wires, are what generate the power.
A regulator is included in its parts to guarantee that the correct amount of electricity flows throughout the vehicle.
The new alternator, a replacement alternator belt, and a variety of tools are required. A belt tensioner tool, a voltmeter, and a few additional items are required among those tools to keep things simple.
Protect the Electronic Settings in Your Car
You might need to utilize a memory saver to record all of your electronic preset data, depending on your vehicle and the requirements of the repair manual.
Disconnect the negative battery cable once you’ve resolved that.
To find out if your alternator belt is a serpentine or a V-belt, check it. The underside of a serpentine belt will have ribs and will be flat and thin.
Unsurprisingly, a V-shaped belt is in existence. You can skip stepping 5 if your alternator uses a V-belt.
Take the Serpentine Belt Off
Be very careful to avoid getting hurt if the belt tensioner snaps back into place because it is spring-loaded. wherever possible, keep your hands free.
If you have to use only one hand, the task will be much more difficult!
To make the belt removal process simpler, loosen the belt tensioner. The belt may require some patience because moving or taking it off can be challenging.
Disconnect All the Components
To ensure that you know which wires and fasteners go where during reassembly, mark all of the components.
Remove the Alternator’s Bolts
If a V-belt is present, the alternator must first be loosened before the belt can be removed.
Instead of a separate tensioning component, as with a serpentine belt, the alternator in these situations provides the belt tension.
Set up the Fresh Alternator
Make sure the fit is nice and snug. All of the bolt holes should be lined up. Tighten the bolts to the proper tension.
Re-Install the Belt
There are a few methods for reinstalling the alternator belt if you experience any difficulties.
Some alternators contain a transverse bolt that enables the alternator to move on its mounting bracket. The belt tension can be altered as a result.
Reconnect the Battery
Start the vehicle, attach your voltmeter, and reconnect the negative battery terminal. Your alternator’s correct output should be between 13.1 and 16.5 volts.
Faulty Serpentine Belt
Why Does My Car Squeal When I Start It
A faulty serpentine belt is one of the major reasons why your car starts to squeal just after you start your car or while it’s warming up.
Typically, a fan belt or serpentine belt is located near the front of the engine compartment. The serpentine belt, which links to and powers accessories, is driven by the car’s engine.
The serpentine belt is typically to blame for the squealing. It is an extraordinarily lengthy belt that is wrapped around numerous pulleys when you open your hood.
The water pump, power steering, AC, and alternator are just a few of the systems that it interfaces to.
There are three primary causes of serpentine belt squeaking, all of which are simple to address.
• Belt spillage
• Loose tensioner
• Damaged belt
Solution
Spray some belt dressing or spray lubrication on the belts while the engine is running and you are wearing your safety glasses.
The sound may abruptly stop if there is an issue with the belts. This is a temporary solution. In fact, in a little while, the belt can begin to squeal soon.
Try to flex the belt with your fingers after turning off the engine. How much you should be able to move will be specified in the workshop manual.
While new serpentine belts will have much less flex, vintage V belts may have up to an inch. On the belts’ exterior, look for fractures or glazing.
As they age, the belts change from being rather supple to becoming rigid and polished.
Even with the proper tension, a hard belt has a higher likelihood of slipping. Nothing can be done but replace the belt if it is worn out and hard.
Conclusion
When your car squeals, it can be a real pain. Not only is it inconvenient, but it can also be dangerous. If you’re experiencing this problem continuously.
Always take precautionary measures, and don’t ignore any warning signs from your car, if you can’t handle the situation, make sure you get professional help to avoid compounding the situation and most especially the safety of your car and you.
If you’re experiencing car squealing don’t ignore it, take action to fix the problem as soon as possible. Ignoring it will only lead to further damage and expensive repairs. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Cidimar
Cidimar Rodrigues da Silva (born 1 July 1984), commonly known as Cidimar, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a striker and is currently a free agent. | WIKI |
Movie Making Manual/Writing
Writing is the creative process of developing a concept and putting it on paper. The main method of doing this within the media and moviemaking approach, is to write a Screenplay.
Subtopics
The Writing Process can be quite long and tedious depending on the approach you take. This guide will give you an overview, but note that not all steps are necessary.
The Concept
The concept of a film is in simple terms, what the movie is going to be about. For some people, this may be the hardest part in the creative process as it can make or break a film, but some may already have an idea. From here, the concept should be developed, stretched out and planned.
Usually a, or a team of writers will sit down and plot out the story, highlighting major key points and refining some concepts and coming up with a timeline of events.
Writing
And now the actual writing process begins. The screenplay is the format used for writing films, as it provides a good amount of deal to help guide the filmmaker in creating the film. It is similar to a Blueprint, but it isn't as exact as it allows room for other creative decisions.
After the screenwriter writes the screenplay, they will generally rewrite it, removing unnecessary sections and adding scenes to the film flow and be better understood. The first pass for rewriting will fix grammar and other small errors. It is estimated that 80% of writing time will be spent on rewriting.
Pitching
After numerous drafts and time spent rewriting, you should now have a pretty decent script. So what comes next? Pitching. Pitching is where you take your script, and throw it at a bunch of people, in the hopes that someone will pick it up, pay your money and make it. That's the basic idea, and how you go about that is obviously the deciding factor.
When you pitch, some people decide to write Spec Script and option that off to potential filmmakers. The general idea is to be as visual as possible and provide the best imagery as possible For example, which do you believe is better?
* 1) Amores Perros opens with a shot of a dog.
* 2) Amores Perros opens with a shot of a slavering pit bull terrier.
Resources
There are a ton of really awesome resources for screenwriters, and a lot of free software to aid in the process. In terms of writing, some of the web resources include:
* Word Player is a phenomenal resource. Ted Elliott and Terry Rossio are working screenwriters who co-wrote the DreamWorks animated feature SHREK, winner of the first Academy Award for Best Computer Animated Film in 2002. These guys have written a number of brilliant essays and articles on the art and business of screenwriting that are essential reading.
* The Artful Writer is blog on "information, theory and debate for the professional television and film writer".
* Free Film School has extensive articles on all phases of independent film production from developing screenplay ideas to marketing the finished film.
* Screenplay Talk is a free community for screenwriters to share ideas and discuss industry trends. | WIKI |
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Ocular Motor Dysfunction
Parents are often aware of the need to screen children for nearsightedness or farsightedness, but fewer know about other pediatric vision problems. Ocular motor dysfunction is a condition that often manifests in childhood, although adults may also have this disorder. Because ocular motor dysfunction causes serious disruption of everyday abilities such as reading, it is important to receive a comprehensive eye exam to test for this condition.
What Is Ocular Motor Dysfunction?
Six muscles control the movement of the human eye. These tiny muscles work together to allow the eyeball to move up, down, left, and right. In most people, the brain signals the muscles to move the eyes without our conscious awareness. For people with ocular motor dysfunction, however, the eyes do not work together properly to contribute to smooth, fluid eye movements.
There are several movements necessary for proper eye function. Smooth pursuits involve following a moving object accurately. Saccades are often used when reading or tracking information; they appear as the eyes jumping back and forth very quickly. Additionally, the eyes must be able to move inward and outward to change the point of focus. Disruption in the effectiveness of eye muscle activity may significantly impair everyday abilities, resulting in the following symptoms:
If your child exhibits any of these signs, it’s important to schedule a comprehensive eye exam promptly to diagnose ocular motor dysfunction or rule out alternative explanations.
Diagnosis of Ocular Motor Dysfunction
An optometrist can diagnose ocular motor dysfunction by conducting a variety of tests. Your eye doctor may ask you to visually follow an object while keeping your head still. This allows the doctor to identify tracking difficulties. The doctor will also look for reduced accuracy of saccades (the quick back-and-forth eye movements), inability to follow objects in a particular sequence, and need to move the head or follow a finger to follow along on a page.
Treatment for Ocular Motor Dysfunction
Your eye muscles are just like other muscles in your body; exercising them can help them perform better. As a result, vision therapy is one of the best treatments for ocular motor dysfunction. Vision therapy allows you to practice new skills to strengthen eye muscles’ ability to work together effectively.
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Will not compile
Help
fyngyrz
2005-03-27
2013-05-13
• fyngyrz
fyngyrz - 2005-03-27
redhat 9 machine, pretty much stock. Latest (as of
yesterday) mplayer compiles, installs, runs w/o
problems. My intent is to get the plugin working with
FireFox. So, I D/L source, and...
./configure --enable-gtk1 ((no errors or warnings)
make
(various things compile, then:)
----------------------------------------
Source/plugin-support.cpp: In function `int
toolkitOk(NPP_t*, int*, int*)':
Source/plugin-support.cpp:577: `NPNVToolkit' undeclared
(first use this function)
Source/plugin-support.cpp:577: (Each undeclared
identifier is reported only once for each function it
appears in.)
make: *** [plugin-support.o] Error 1
----------------------------------------
I googled for NPNVToolkit, but got very few results
(seven, in fact) and none of them led me to a resolution.
I looked for binary RPMs, but they're only available
for Fedora, which RH9 definitely isn't. So source seems
to be my only option.
Assistance would be most appreciated.
• Kevin DeKorte
Kevin DeKorte - 2005-03-27
You need to install mozilla-devel or use the gecko-sdk method of compiling mplayerplug-in.
See this page: http://mplayerplug-in.sourceforge.net/install.php#plugin
• fyngyrz
fyngyrz - 2005-03-27
Ok. I did "apt-get install mozilla-devel", and (besides an obsolete version of firefox, mozilla, galeon and a bunch of other stuff) I received level 1.4.x of the development kit. Which, according to the docs page you pointed to, isn't going to work. I tried anyway, but got the same error.
So next I went and got gecko, configured with it, and that DID allow the plug-in to compile. I installed it (.so and .xpt) by hand into the firefox plugins directory, and got rid of the old stuff in the process.
The new plugin comes up in the browser (it looks quite different, a lined backdrop) but the controls do not show and there is no video. You just get the download bar. The audio does play. Once the entire clip has been loaded, you can save it using the context menu, and that will play just fine in mplayer, but again, it won't show in the window.
I'm using the sin city small trailers at apple.com's trailers site as testbeds.
Any other ideas?
• fyngyrz
fyngyrz - 2005-03-27
Hmm. I realized forgot to do the "gtk1" configure option... so I went back and did that, now firefox (1.0) crashes when mplayer has opened on a page -- the movie does not play at all, I just get a white square, then if I press back or clsoe or anything, firefox dumps.
So I went back to just the gecko option, and I'm back to the pretty lined box with progress bar (but no play, pause, stop, etc buttons) and that can download a movie, play the sound but not the video, and allows me to save the downloaded file.
I'm really bollixed here -- this system has GTK1 and GTK2 on it, I have apps compiled for both, though GTK1 is the "native" version that gnome uses and so forth (redhat 9, remember.)
mplayer will play the downloaded video just fine from the command line, so it seems to be entirely a plug-in issue.
• fyngyrz
fyngyrz - 2005-03-27
More: whatoptions.sh suggests gtk1.
With gtk1, though, I just get the crash (I think there is a little bit of art visible around the white square -- no controls, no movie, no audio, but it looks like the right and bottom edges of the art that shows with the gtk2 compile. Exit or back, and boom.
When I use gecko and forced gtk2, that gave me the same results as gecko and no suggestion about gtk.
ldd shows linked with gtk2 if I build it that way, and with gtk1 if I build it the other way. Nothing shows as unresolved.
Firefox shows gtk2 (two) with ldd, which surprised me, but there you have it.
I've put the .xpt file in both the plugins dir and the
There is an mplayerplugin.conf file in the source directory, but I've not located any directions as to what to do with this -- where to put it, what settings one might want to change.
Sadly, since I did that apt-get to grab the mozilla-devel, which got the useless 1.4 devel package, mozilla no longer starts, firefox starts instead, so I can't test there.
• Kevin DeKorte
Kevin DeKorte - 2005-03-28
Ok, so if you are using a current version of firefox 1.0 or greater. They all seem to be compiled with GTK2. So couple of things.
1. Make sure you have the RPM gtk2-devel installed.
2. try these steps
a. make clean
b. ./configure --enable-gtk2 --with-gecko-sdk=[path to gecko sdk]
c. make
d. make install (this will install it in your User HOME in .mozilla/plugins. Make sure mplayerplug-in.xpt and .so are not anywhere else in the system.
3. Check config.h and make sure GTK2_ENABLED is 1 (near the bottom of the file)
This should get you a working mplayerplug-in. Since the version of GTK is tied to the browser and not to the desktop. Also if your mozilla is GTK1 and your Firefox is GTK2 the plugin will have issues with the browser that does not have the same toolkit.
• Kevin DeKorte
Kevin DeKorte - 2005-03-28
• fyngyrz
fyngyrz - 2005-03-28
I do have the latest gtk2-devel, according to apt-get. I delete the .so and the .xpt from /root/.mozilla/plugins and where I've been keeping FF, which resolves to:
/usr/src/ff1.0/firefox-installer/plugins
make clean
./configure --enable-gtk2 --with-gecko-sdk=/usr/src/gecko-sdk
(GTK2_ENABLED is 1 at this point)
make
make install
everything seems to go fine. The results are in...
/root/.mozilla/plugins
...and nowhere else.
I've just deleted the .dat that registers plugins, and will save this message and then restart the browser and test. BRB.
• fyngyrz
fyngyrz - 2005-03-28
Ok. Sigh. Same exact results. I get a blue, lined backdrop with no controls. Some stuff downloads, the bar moves, then the bar stops, the audio begins, and there we sit, no video, no buttons.
On my fedora core 3 system, I get video, and some nice UI widgets - play, stop, etc. So I know what I'm looking for, more or less.
So... faced with more of the same, I removed the .xpt and the .so, and grabbed the RPM you linked to. Was a little bamboozled because the RPM put the .xpt and .so in /usr/lib/mozilla/ instead of in the home dir (/root/.mozilla) but I found them and moved them there so firefox could find them. Until I did that, I had a "click here to download plugin" puzzle piece in the video window, which means there is nothing for it (which means I got it out ok, I guess, so maybe that's a good thing.)
So, now I get a video window, and... same. exact. results.
Assuming that the binary from the RPM is good, then it looks like something in my system isn't.
Now, firefox is pretty much carrying gtk2 internally, isn't it? I mean, it doesn't need those libs, because it runs on an unmodified RH9 system without gtk2, which came after RH9 was put together. So it must have a way to get its libs without RH9 providing them.
mplayer plugin, though, has to be referring to the gtk2 libs that are <i>on</i> the machine. Am I right in these assumptions? That's all I can think of at this point, and I'm afraid I'm feeling more than a little stupid. :-(
• Kevin DeKorte
Kevin DeKorte - 2005-03-28
In mplayers config make sure you that you don't have gui=yes and you may want to try vo=x11
• fyngyrz
fyngyrz - 2005-03-28
the gtk2 libs for my RH9 system are:
libgtk-x11-2.0.so.0.200.1
Tonight, I tried - hard - to get a later gtk installed, but the dependancy thing is a total, utter mess. apt-get claims the "latest version"s are already installed (obviously gtk-2.0 isn't as recent as gtk-2.2!!!) and won't do anything further; compiling from source fails left right and sideways. Installing binary RPM's blows up in a myriad of failed dependancies. gtk requires pango and libtiff, pango requires some type package and gtk, libtiff requires gtk... Sheesh.
Sometimes I just want to strangle the people who set these tail-eating RPM situations up. Bleagh.
So let me ask you this: What version of gtk is required? Is 2.0 too early for some reason? Maybe this is my problem.
I can't upgrade this RH9 system to fedora, because this is a stable, production system which works in a bunch of places where fedora falls flat on its bleeding edge-face. This is the first thing that's really stymied me other than the new GIMP, which is also a total mess to try to install, and which I never succeeded at. Probably also for gtk2 reasons.
If you do require a later gtk, may I ask why? Is there something in there you really need to put up a few buttons? Is there actually some reason this can't be done in gtk1, for that matter? Remember, if I try to use GTK1, the thing blows up when I try to look at a video (because FF uses GTK2?)
I think I'm about to tear my hair out and set it on fire. :/
• Kevin DeKorte
Kevin DeKorte - 2005-03-28
Another thing you may want to just try to see if it is the GTK version. is this
make clean
./configure --enable-x --with-gecko-sdk=[blah]
make
make install
Those commands will run the plugin in X mode. No buttons and limited GUI, but should tell you if GTK is the problem. I don't believe GTK is the issue, but it has been a long time since I have used RH9. I do all my work on Fedora Core 3.
Yes, the reason mplayerplug-in in GTK1 mode blows up in Firefox is because of Firefox; being built on GTK2. The plugin is supposed to detect this and not do anything, but I have not checked that code in a long time since almost everyone is on GTK2 now.
Oh.. you don't really need to be running as root to get mplayerplug-in installed. The install for mplayerplug-in is a little different than most programs in that make install defaults to the users home. So you don't need to install it as root. If you want to install it system wide you do a "sudo make sysinstall" or "make sysinstall" as root.
mplayerplug-in.conf can go into $HOME/.mplayer $HOME/.mozilla or /etc This is documented on the configuration page.
When you type mplayer does it come up with a GUI by default? If so this is a problem. mplayer should run the command line version and gmplayer should run the GUI if it was installed that way.
• fyngyrz
fyngyrz - 2005-03-28
gui=yes is NOT present in the mplayer config
vo=x11 wasn't present, but I put it in and it made no difference.
mplayer does not come up with a gui. gmplayer does.
I then tried --enable-x
This produces video and audio, but as you described, no buttons. So if I understand you right, it looks like GTK is the issue.
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Page:Barnes (1879) Poems of rural life in the Dorset dialect (combined).djvu/171
Rh ’Tis lively at a feäir, among The chattèn, laughèn, shiften drong, When wold an’ young, an’ high an’ low, Do streamy round, an’ to an’ fro; But what new feäce that we don’t know,  Can ever meäke woone’s warm heart dance  Among ten thousan’, lik’ a glance   O’ looks we know’d avore, John.
How of’en have the wind a-shook The leaves off into yonder brook, Since vu’st we two, in youthvul strolls, Did ramble roun’ them bubblèn shoals! An’ oh! that zome o’ them young souls,  That we, in jaÿ, did plaÿ wi’ then  Could come back now, an’ bring ageän   The looks we know’d avore, John.
So soon’s the barley’s dead an’ down, The clover-leaf do rise vrom groun’, An’ wolder feäzen do but goo To be a-vollow’d still by new; But souls that be a-tried an’ true  Shall meet ageän beyond the skies,  An’ bring to woone another’s eyes   The looks they know’d avore, John.
music, in a heart that’s true, Do kindle up wold loves anew, An’ dim wet eyes, in feäirest lights, Do zee but inward fancy’s zights; When creepèn years, wi’ with’rèn blights,  ’V a-took off them that wer so dear,  How touchèn ’tis if we do hear   The tuèns o’ the dead, John. | WIKI |
User:SweetJonesN/Lakota mythology/Maeloves Peer Review
General info
* Whose work are you reviewing?
SweetJonesN
* Link to draft you're reviewing
* User:SweetJonesN/Lakota mythology
* Link to the current version of the article (if it exists)
* Lakota mythology
Evaluate the drafted changes
The bibliography looks well drafted and well composed, the links look impressive and well versed. The article is well written and provides a good idea of what I am about to read, try adding in some more insight onto the topic, if you can find a way to really grab the readers attention this would help as well. Overall this is a great first draft and I would very much like to read the full article. | WIKI |
Evaluating the response of nitrogen implantation in ZnO ALD thin films and their photocatalytic assessment
J. Rodríguez-López, R. Rangel*, D. Berman-Mendoza, A. Ramos-Carrazco, J. J. Alvarado
*Corresponding author for this work
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
3 Scopus citations
Abstract
The present work aims to contribute to giving light to the photocatalytic process, where compounds that have been anionically doped, are discussed. The columnar growth of ZnO films produced through the atomic layer deposition technique and their further nitrogen doping using a nitrogen plasma source are discussed. Those films were tested as photocatalysts to degrade the complex lignin molecule. The procedure started manufacturing ZnO thin films through self-limited reactions of diethylzinc and H2O on either glass, or Si (100) substrates using an atomic layer deposition facility. In a further stage, using a hydrothermal process, highly oriented columnar nanostructures, were grown. Those structures were nitrogen-doped through a nitrogen plasma discharge in homemade glass reactor. The films were characterized by XRD, XPS, SEM, Raman, photoluminescence, and UV-Vis spectroscopies. The results suggest that the silicon substrate and the zinc acetate precursor provide samples with the best photocatalytic performance. Besides, nitrogen doping increases the percentage of lignin degradation compared to undoped films. The methodology here presented provides a viable way to produce high-quality N-ZnO thin films with potential application in the field of photocatalysis.
Original languageEnglish
Article number114211
JournalJournal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry
Volume433
DOIs
StatePublished - 1 Dec 2022
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Elsevier B.V.
Keywords
• Atomic layer deposition
• Nitrogen plasma doping
• Semiconductor
• Substrates
• Thin films
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Page:Bohemia An Historical Sketch.djvu/102
an agitation during Charles's reign which was to develop, under that of his son, into the Hussite movement, when Bohemia for a time attracted the attention of all Europe.
The movement in Bohemia in favour of Church reform was originally free from all hostility to the dogmas of the Roman Catholic Church. The earliest leaders were among "the truest and most obedient sons of the Church." As the two earliest of these reformers, Conrad Waldhauser and Milič of Kroměřiže, died before the Emperor Charles, it will be as well to mention them here. Conrad Waldhauser, a German by birth, was summoned to Prague by the Emperor Charles in consequence of the great reputation as a preacher which he had acquired in Austria, his original home. In his sermons at Prague he at first inveighed against the immorality and extravagance of the citizens, and the result of his preaching was most extraordinary. The women of Prague left off wearing jewels and costly dresses, and many of the greatest sinners in the town did public penance. Conrad then began attacking the corruption of the clergy, particularly of the mendicant friars. He was denounced both by the Dominican and Augustine monks, but the Emperor continued his protection to him, as is proved by the fact that he appointed him to the most important parish in Prague. Waldhauser therefore remained unmolested by the priests up to his death in the year 1369.
Milič of Kroměřiže, who is also generally considered one of the precursors of Hus, was a canon of the cathedral of Prague, and for some time held the office of vice-chancellor at the court of Prague. Most Bohemian historians agree in attributing the Emperor's attitude at the Diet of Maintz largely to the influence of Milič. In 1363 he suddenly renounced all his dignities, intending in future to live in complete poverty, and for the one purpose of preaching the gospel. As Milič—a Moravian by birth—spoke the language of the country, his preaching attracted more attention, and had a wider influence on the people, than that of Waldhauser.
On the other hand, he seems to have provoked greater enmity on the part of the monks, whose views he very openly exposed. They were therefore only too glad when | WIKI |
User:Unknown Dragon
Hello, I'm the user known as "Unknown Dragon". I came to Wikipedia to contribute to it with any information I could provide. However it seems that some individuals are blind and don't know a good edit when they see one (no, I am not a vandal or should I say "WikiTroll"), and I don't intentionally vandalize, if I happen to vandalize it is by accident, I try to promote as much order as I can while making Wikipedia an even more perfect source of knowledge.
Interests
Fiction seems to be my biggest interest, most especially that which includes Science Fiction, Fantasy and Christian Fantasy (I am Roman Catholic by the way, although I shamefully admit that at a great deal of times I am not as faithful as I would like to or should be).
I highly enjoy video games, especially those made by Nintendo, mostly any games that are linked to the games involved in Super Smash Bros. (series) (to learn more about what I mean, look down at "Theories about Crossovers in Fiction"). I also enjoy Shadow of the Colossus and I would also like to someday play Kingdom Hearts (series) and Halo (video game series) (thanks to Red vs. Blue).
And at last there are movies and tv shows. I enjoy Tokusatsu-related tv shows and movies such as Ultraman and Power Rangers/Super Sentai. I especially love Kaiju movies and shows (there's nothing more fun to watch than two or more giant monsters fighting each other LOL). I have some interest in Anime, which include Pokemon (anime), Digimon: Digital Monsters, Sonic X, Fullmetal Alchemist and InuYasha. I also like a couple of Anime-influenced shows such as Avatar: The Last Airbender and Jackie Chan Adventures. Star Wars is among my favorite movie series as well. Besides Science Fiction and Fantasy based series, I also enjoy some of Nickelodeon (TV channel)'s comedy shows, these include Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide and All That (as well as just about all of All That's spinoffs like Good Burger, Kenan and Kel (and like Kel Mitchell's character in that show, I'm a fan of Orange soft drinks), Cousin Skeeter, The Amanda Show, Drake and Josh and KaBlam!). I enjoy some of Fox Broadcasting Company and USA Network's shows as well like House (TV series), Monk (TV series) and Psych. I've been a fan of Home Improvement since I was little and I am just now starting to enjoy George Lopez (TV series) and Jeff Dunham.
I love Dragons, they have this strange allure and multiple portrayels. It isn't a suprise that some of the video games I enjoy are Drakengard/Drakengard 2, Spyro the Dragon (series) and to a degree, Drakan (although the Flesh Mage completely ruined the game for me). I also enjoy American Dragon: Jake Long and Gargoyles (TV series) and Dragonheart is one of the best movies out there (Dragonheart: A New Beginning is nice too). Reading is also another one of my favorite past times, of course most of the books I read involve dragons, like Dragon Rider and Dragonology: The Complete Book of Dragons. My favorite books series are the Inheritance Cycle, Age of Fire and Dragons in Our Midst (they are by far the best dragon fantasy books and those of you who love Dragons and are Christian, you should read Dragons in Our Midst, and even if you are not a dragon lover but are still Christian you should read, it RULES!). And call me crazy if you will but I was one of the few people that hoped that the Pickled dragon was real and that The Last Dragon (docudrama) was a true story.
Besides dragons other mythological creatures I like are Yeti/Hibagon and Golems, and sometimes I find it interesting to learn about demons. Digressing from my previous topic for a moment, I would like to point out which creatures I consider to belong to the category of Goblinoids: Goblins/Hobgoblins (obviously), Orcs, Gremlins, Imps, Trolls and Ogres (including Oni (folklore)) as well as some related characters like the Nephilim and Grendel.
Favorite characters
Video Games: Nintendo and related: Mario/Luigi, Yoshi, Bowser (Nintendo), Link (The Legend of Zelda)/Princess Zelda/Ganon, Donkey Kong (character)/Diddy Kong, Samus Aran, Sonic the Hedgehog (character)/Shadow the Hedgehog, Doctor Eggman, Solid Snake, Nightmare (Soulcalibur), Astaroth (Soulcalibur), Kratos (God of War),
* Luke Skywalker, Anakin Skywalker/Darth Vader, Yoda, Qui-Gon Jinn/Obi-Wan Kenobi, Han Solo, Palpatine/Count Dooku, General Grievous, Jar Jar Binks, List of Star Wars creatures: Wampa
TV/Movie:
* Tim Taylor (character), Al Borland, Wilson (Home Improvement)
* Frasier Crane
* Adrian Monk, Natalie Teeger
* Homer Simpson, Sideshow Bob, Bender (Futurama), List of characters from Family Guy: Peter Griffin/Stewie Griffin
Anime/Manga:
* Alphonse Elric
* Deltora Quest (anime): Characters in the Deltora Quest series
* Veemon, Royal Knights/Zeromaru, Seven Great Demon Lords
* Evangelion (mecha), Angel (Neon Genesis Evangelion)
Kaiju:
* Godzilla, King Ghidorah, Anguirus, Rodan, Mechagodzilla, Gigan, Manda (kaiju), Gorosaurus, Zilla
* King Kong/King Kong (Toho), Yonggary, Gorgo (film)
* Ultra Monsters: Gomora, Red King (Ultraman)
* Ogre Tribe Org/Underground Hades Empire Infershia(Infershia Pantheon)/Negative Syndicate
* Gojulas/Gojulas Giga/King Gojulas, Death Saurer
Dragons and related characters:
* Dragon Riders, Eragon (character)
* Demon Sorcerers
* Dragon (Dungeons & Dragons): Bahamut (Dungeons & Dragons), Metallic dragons (Dungeons & Dragons)
* Spyro (character)
Items/Terminology
* Universe of The Legend of Zelda,
* Precious (Boukenger): Excalibur, Force (Star Wars)/Lightsaber
Video games
In no particular order.
* Super Smash Bros./Super Smash Bros. Melee/Super Smash Bros. Brawl
* Super Mario 64/Super Mario Sunshine/Super Mario Galaxy/Super Mario Galaxy 2, Luigi's Mansion, Super Mario RPG: Legend of the Seven Stars, Paper Mario/Paper Mario: The Thousand-Year Door/Super Paper Mario
* The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time/The Legend of Zelda: Majora's Mask, The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess, The Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker
* Star Fox 64, Star Fox Adventures, Star Fox: Assault
* Diddy Kong Racing/Donkey Kong 64, Jet Force Gemini, Banjo-Kazooie/Banjo-Tooie
* Pikmin/Pikmin 2
* Metroid Prime: Trilogy: (Metroid Prime 2: Echoes/Metroid Prime 3: Corruption), Metroid Fusion
* Pokémon Red and Blue/Pokémon FireRed and LeafGreen, Pokémon Snap, Pokémon Gold and Silver
* Sonic Adventure/Sonic Adventure 2, Shadow the Hedgehog (video game), Sonic and the Black Knight
* Soulcalibur Legends, Soulcalibur IV
* Dante's Inferno (video game), God of War (series), Heavenly Sword, Darksiders
* Star Wars: Episode I Racer, Star Wars: Battle for Naboo, Star Wars: Rogue Squadron/Star Wars Rogue Squadron II: Rogue Leader/Star Wars Rogue Squadron III: Rebel Strike, Star Wars: Shadows of the Empire (video game)
* Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots, Assassin's Creed/Assassin's Creed 2/Assassin's Creed Brotherhood Batman: Arkham Asylum
* Rampage World Tour/Rampage 2: Universal Tour/Rampage: Total Destruction, Godzilla: Destroy All Monsters Melee/Godzilla: Save the Earth/Godzilla: Unleashed
* The Legend of Spyro: A New Beginning/The Legend of Spyro: The Eternal Night/The Legend of Spyro: Dawn of the Dragon, Spyro the Dragon/Spyro 2: Ripto's Rage!/Spyro: Year of the Dragon, Spyro: A Hero's Tail
* Drakan: The Ancients' Gates, Drakengard/Drakengard 2, Lair (video game), Shadow of the Colossus
* Turok: Dinosaur Hunter/Turok 2: Seeds of Evil/Turok 3: Shadow of Oblivion
Games I'd like to play:
* Banjo-Kazooie: Nuts & Bolts
* Halo: Combat Evolved/Halo 2/Halo 3
* Kameo: Elements of Power
* Kingdom Hearts/Kingdom Hearts II
* Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty
* Spyro: Shadow Legacy
* The Legend of Zelda: Skyward Sword
* And if these games had been released and not cancelled: Donkey Kong Racing, Dinosaur Planet and Super Mario 128.
Favorite Bands and Songs
NOTE: In the first half I put the word "songs" next to the bands that I don't particularly favor, I only like the songs listed next to them.
* Avenged Sevenfold songs: Almost Easy, Nightmare (song), Welcome to the Family (song)
* Backstreet Boys: As Long as You Love Me, I Want It That Way, Larger than Life (Backstreet Boys song)
* Garth Brooks: The Dance (song), More Than a Memory, Much Too Young (To Feel This Damn Old), Standing Outside The Fire, Unanswered Prayers
* The Cranberries: Linger (song), Zombie (song)
* Crush 40 and related songs: List of Sonic the Hedgehog series vocal songs: Sonic Adventure Vocal mini-Album (Songs with Attitude), Seven Rings in Hand
* Destiny's Child/Beyoncé Knowles and Lady Gaga: Alejandro (song), Bad Romance, Beautiful Liar, Best Thing I Never Had, Countdown (Beyoncé Knowles song), Crazy in Love (Beyoncé Knowles song), If I Were a Boy, Irreplaceable, Just Dance (song), Lose My Breath, Marry the Night, Paparazzi (Lady Gaga song), Poker Face (Lady Gaga song), Say My Name, Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It), Survivor (Destiny's Child song), Sweet Dreams (Beyoncé Knowles song), Telephone (song)
* Disturbed (band): The Animal (Disturbed song), Another Way to Die (Disturbed song), Asylum (Disturbed album), Down with the Sickness, Hell (Disturbed song), Indestructible (Disturbed song), Inside the Fire (song), Stricken (song), Warrior (Disturbed song),
* Drowning Pool songs: Bodies (Drowning Pool song), Feel Like I Do
* Evanescence songs: Bring Me to Life, Going Under, My Immortal,
* Fergie (singer) songs: Big Girls Don't Cry (Fergie song), Clumsy (Fergie song), Glamorous (song)
* Five for Fighting songs: 100 Years, Superman (It's Not Easy)
* Nelly Furtado and Timbaland songs: All Good Things (Come to an End), I'm Like a Bird, Maneater (Nelly Furtado song), Promiscuous (song), The Way I Are
* Godsmack: The Enemy (Godsmack song), I Stand Alone (song), Love-Hate-Sex-Pain
* Green Day: Basket Case (song), Good Riddance (Time of Your Life)
* Jewel (singer): Standing Still, You Were Meant for Me (Jewel song)
* Avril Lavigne songs: Girlfriend (Avril Lavigne song), I'm with You, Keep Holding On, My Happy Ending, What the Hell, When You're Gone (Avril Lavigne song)
* Linkin Park: Breaking the Habit, Crawling (song), Faint (song), Headstrong (Trapt song), In the End, Leave Out All the Rest, Numb (Linkin Park song), One Step Closer (Linkin Park song), Somewhere I Belong, What I've Done
* Jesse McCartney: Bleeding Love, How Do You Sleep? (Jesse McCartney song), She's No You
* Nickelback: Burn It to the Ground, Far Away (Nickelback song), Gotta Be Somebody, How You Remind Me, Into the Night (Santana song), If Today Was Your Last Day, Rockstar (Nickelback song), This Afternoon (song), When We Stand Together
* 'N Sync/Justin Timberlake: Bye Bye Bye, Dead and Gone, (God Must Have Spent) A Little More Time on You, Hallelujah (Leonard Cohen song), Here We Go ('N Sync song), Rock Your Body, Summer Love (Justin Timberlake song), Tearin' Up My Heart
* OneRepublic songs: All the Right Moves (song), Apologize (song), Good Life (OneRepublic song), Secrets (OneRepublic song),
* Brad Paisley and Carrie Underwood: Alcohol (Brad Paisley song), All-American Girl (song), Before He Cheats, Cowboy Casanova, Jesus, Take the Wheel, Just a Dream, Online (song), Remind Me (Brad Paisley and Carrie Underwood song), She's Everything, Temporary Home, Ticks (song), Undo It, When I Get Where I'm Going, Whiskey Lullaby, The World (Brad Paisley song)
* Papa Roach songs: Getting Away with Murder (song), …To Be Loved
* Pussycat Dolls songs: Hush Hush, I Don't Need a Man, I Hate This Part, When I Grow Up (Pussycat Dolls song),
* Rammstein songs: Feuer frei!, Sonne (song)
* Rascal Flatts: Life Is a Highway, Me and My Gang (song), My Wish, Stand (Rascal Flatts song), Take Me There (Rascal Flatts song), What Hurts the Most, Winner at a Losing Game
* Rihanna: California King Bed, Disturbia (song), Don't Stop the Music (Rihanna song), Rehab (Rihanna song), Rude Boy (song), S&M (song), Take a Bow (Rihanna song), Umbrella (song), We Found Love, What's My Name? (Rihanna song)
* Skillet (band): Awake and Alive, Hero (Skillet song), It's Not Me, It's You (Skillet song), Monster (Skillet song),
* Smash Mouth: All Star (song), I'm a Believer
* Taylor Swift: Fifteen (song), Our Song (song), Picture to Burn, Teardrops on My Guitar, Tim McGraw (song), White Horse (song), You Belong with Me
* Three Days Grace: Animal I Have Become, Break (song), The Good Life (Three Days Grace song), I Hate (Everything About You), Never Too Late (Three Days Grace song), Pain (Three Days Grace song), Riot (song), World So Cold (Three Days Grace song)
* "Weird Al" Yankovic songs: Albuquerque (song), Eat It, Fat (song)
* Bad Reputation (Joan Jett album)
* Blow Me Away
* Blue (Da Ba Dee)
* Duel of the Fates
* Every You Every Me
* (Everything I Do) I Do It for You
* Everything You Want (song)
* Feel Good Inc.
* For All the Cows
* Hello Zepp
* Holding Out for a Hero
* In da Club
* Iron Man (song)
* Kids in America (Kim Wilde song)
* Meant to Live
* Pump It
* Redemption (song)
* Right Round/You Spin Me Round (Like a Record)
* Run-Around
* A Thousand Miles
* Tubthumping
* Two Princes
* Ultimate Showdown of Ultimate Destiny
* U Can't Touch This
* Wait for You
* Wake Me Up Before You Go-Go
* Youth of the Nation
Opinions about Wikipedia
I have some opinions concerning Wikipedia and a couple of its users: Cool Wikipedians (those who I hold with high regard): Rivals (individuals I often clash with but I still respect): (Since it is considered a Personal Attack, I will not put down Wikipedians who I dislike)
* User:Ben 10
* User:Sophiakorichi
* User:Ryulong
I also have some unhappy opinions about some of the articles that on Wikipedia, these are ones that no one seems to agree with me:
* Digimon: Many of the articles have been merged and seem very inconvenient and unnecessary.
* Ganon: Okay, there are so many debates about this article that it's really pathetic. People need to have some common sense with this one, Ganon(dorf) is a Fictional Deity, Demon, Pig, King, Emperor, Wizard, Thief, Knight, Swordsman and Kaiju all rolled into one.
Why is it that if a category is under another category, why do articles that in both categories have both categories listed under them? If they are under a category under another category wouldn't it technically be in both categories? Why do both categories have to be listed under an article? It's so pointless! I'm sick of people of giving me a hard time about adding or taking away categories from certain pages, it gets on my nerves and I would appreciate that it would stop, I know what I'm doing with that. Lastly, I don't get why I am unallowed to have extra images on my user page, I would like to use visual aids so that others who read my profile know exactly what I'm talking about.
Discarded Material
There was some valuable material on Wikipedia that, over time, was no longer viewed as relevant and was therefore removed, sad to say. Here I have collected some of my favorite material that I believe should not have been removed:
American Dragon: Jake Long
Dragon Training Because other magical creatures look up to dragons for leadership and guidance, the dragons of the world have become official protectors of the magical realm. Using their powers and abilities, the dragons of the world have formed a union of sorts and strive to protect magical creatures and the world around them and to keep normal humans from becoming aware of any magical creatures and the magical world. In many ways the dragons of American Dragon: Jake Long are similar to the Jedi Knights of Star Wars. The Teacher and Student: Older and more experienced dragons can be appointed as "Dragon Masters", coaches to younger and less experienced generations of dragons, their "Dragon Student". One traditional rule the Dragon Council follows is that the student and teacher should not be related. One exception to this rule is the Student/Teacher relationship between Jake Long and his grandfather, Lao Shi. Lao Shi personally asked the Dragon Council if he could train Jake himself since he believed that one day the Dark Dragon would return and that Jake would have to face him. The Council reluctantly agreed but only on a strict basis. Also, students who are unable to learn sufficiently enough from their teachers are transferred to a new Dragon Master. The Dragon Council tests the progress of students through three tests that three of the Council members personally administrate.
* The Test of Judgement in Fire (Councilor Kulde administrates this one): This trial tests the dragon student's use of judgement. In this trial, the student is guided into a warehouse where they are assaulted by ice sculptures depicting various different creatures (magical and non-magical alike), but the student must only use their fire breath to melt only the sculptures that would pose a threat.
* The Test of Wisdom in Battle (Councilor Andam administrates this one): This trial tests the dragon's knowledge of magical creatures and the magical world. In this trial, Councilor Andam pits the Dragon student against another magical creature of his choosing. If the student is able to overcome their opponent, they pass the test.
* The Test of Courage in Flight (Councilor Chang administrated this one, although she may no longer do so because of her imprisonment): This trial puts many of the dragon student's abilities to the test. In this test, the student must make their way through an obstacle course set up around Draco Island and must fly through three rings. Not only that, but the student must also compete against another dragon, whom the student has the option of choosing. If the student is able to fly through all three rings and complete the course before their opponent, they pass the test.
Rules: Dragons follow a strict set of rules. Most importantly a dragon must not allow humans to become aware of magical creatures and their world, including themselves. When humans become aware, the dragons must then erase all knowledge (and sometimes traces of) any information of their being magical creatures. Secondly, a dragon must not use their dragon powers for personal gain. A running gag in the show is that Jake Long ends up breaking this rule constantly, although most of the time inadvertently. Jake also seems to be a rebel against certain rules, such as when Trixie and Spud found out about his and his grandpa's identities, Jake was asked to use a memory-erasing potion on them, but refused (see "Professor Rotwood's Thesis"). Jake also uses his powers for personal gain a great deal of the time, such as using his ability to shapeshift, which landed him in trouble in "Dragon Summit".
Heavenly Sword
Nariko is the main character of the game. She's 23 years old at the beginning of the game. A fierce, talented, and beautiful young warrior who belongs to a clan headed by her father, Shen. A prophecy once foretold that a son would be born who would act as a saviour to the clan; with the birth of Nariko, a daughter, the clan have come to shun her, and even go so far as to blame their misfortunes on her. Despite the loneliness and resentment felt towards the people of her clan, Nariko willingly protects them with her life. A strong-willed individual, Nariko is a deadly fighter who displays unprecedented skill in combat. After King Bohan launches his destructive tirade to find the Heavenly Sword that the clan protect, Nariko bears the burden of wielding the cursed sword, trading her life to save her people from the grip of the genocidal King and to avenge the people who died protecting it.
Kai is the adopted sister of Nariko, and a member of the clan which protects the Heavenly Sword. She is an innocent character with child-like and impish behaviour, but is highly skilled in the use of her deadly crossbow, a "game" which she names "twing twang". Previously belonging to a once-great clan, Kai is the last survivor; her mother was murdered by one of Bohan's generals, Flying Fox right in front of her which caused severe trauma. Kai was eventually found by Nariko and her clan. She is extremely attached to Nariko and will often disobey orders from Shen or other clan members to assist her.
Shen is both the father of Nariko and the leader of the clan that protects the Heavenly Sword. He acts as Nariko's mentor first and father second. Despite the failed prophecy that was foretold, Shen spared his daughter's life and instead crafted her into a fierce and loyal warrior. For ages he has protected the sword from the forces of evil and corruption. He was once a fellow student with King Bohan before they became the leaders of a separate clan and kingdom, respectively.
King Bohan is the main villain in Heavenly Sword. Bohan is a power crazed king, utterly obsessed with otherworldly treasures and getting his hands on the Heavenly Sword. He leads his army in a search to obtain it, attacking Nariko's clan in the process. He believes himself to be a messiah sent from Heaven to shape the world for a new era and to eliminate all "savages", and that capturing the Heavenly Sword will symbolise his dominance over the land. He obeys and worships a raven which has a gold face plate covering its face that may have some connection with the Raven Lord mentioned in the animated prequel series. He wields some kind of axe or maul as a weapon.
Flying Fox is the first of King Bohan's war generals. Flying Fox is a rather crazy, eccentric, and demented blade wielder, who is capable of appearing in a different spot in an instant. He does not seem to have any desire for dominance over the land; he is only in it for the money and the "sadistic desire" to hunt and kill. Fox was one of the people who took part in the decimation of Kai's clan and was personally responsible for the brutal murder of her mother. His back is covered with several metallic wings on both sides, and he possesses the ability to levitate, teleport, and create copies of himself.
Whiptail A twisted, serpentine seductress, Whiptail serves as Bohan's lover, mistress, and general who has an insatiable desire to please Bohan and craves his attention. She wears a stylized headdress in the shape of an eel atop her head and down her back; the tail moves as if it is part of her. With her scaly skin, razor-sharp teeth and forked tongue, it would appear that she is not necessarily even human. In battle, her weapon of choice is a whip. She also possesses the ability of water manipulation, allowing her to create massive tidal waves and typhoons with water in her immediate vicinity. She also possesses the unique ability delve into people's minds.
Roach is King Bohan's illegitimate son. His mother is probably Sumi, the remains of whom is kept in the treasury, and is described as a warrior-witch, who desecrated the Kings loins. Roach is mentally retarded and he often seeks his father's approval. He frequently refers to King Bohan as "daddy" which Bohan hates being reminded of. Despite Roach' hulking, gargantuan, and intimidating appearance, he is a rather gentle creature with the mind of a child. He is very mindful and caring of his father and seeks his approval. His large torso resembles a cockroach's thorax.
Kai's Mother is a character in one part of the story. She was killed by Flying Fox, in front of her daughter, Kai which is supposedly the cause of her traumatic behaviour. Years later Kai goes to King Bohan's Armory to find the Heavenly Sword for her sister. While she retrieves the sword, she accidentally discovers the corpse of her mother which instantly rekindled her memory of her mother's fatal encounter with Fox, and briefly drove her insane with grief, before an unexpected and near-fatal reunion with her mother's killer.
The Heavenly Sword is the mighty sword that came from the skies with the "heavenly warrior" a long time ago, and defeated the Raven Lord in a fierce battle. After the evil lord was killed, the warrior vanished and the sword remained on earth, and it was later delivered to a clan of warriors devoted to protect it, and wait for the return of the heavenly warrior, who was going to lead mankind to a new age of peace and freedom. As the game moves forward it is shown that the heavenly sword is somehow alive; it gives the wielder incredible destructive power, as well as some degree of agility and speed, in exchange for his or her soul. The game does not explain why this bargain happens, why the wielder must die in order to use the sword; that is just the price that has to be paid for wielding it. Nariko states that when she is away from it she feels weak, empty, and meaningless. This is probably another effect from using the sword: the wielder gets 'addicted' to it. Also, she says near the end of the game that in the past she fought only to defend herself and her people. However, after wielding the sword for so long, she was beginning to enjoy the slaughtering and all the kills, which implies that the sword was slowly twisting her personality. In the animated series, in chapter 2, it is said that after being used by so many warriors to kill and tear apart flesh, bones and blood, the sword now hungers for killing.
Theories about series
This is bonus content, somethings I came up with on my own.
Legend of Zelda chronology
In the words of the Angry Video Game Nerd I would consider myself a lineist (spelling?), believing there is one timeline. There are some games that I'm not sure where they fit thought. ( "-" denotes that the game is a direct sequel to the other)
* Hero of Time saga (this came first): The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time-The Legend of Zelda: Majora's Mask- (here it explains how the Hero's garb came to be, it's based on the Kokiri's tunics. It also takes place during the events of the King (Gustaf?) uniting the kingdom and of course the sealing war when Ganondorf, Link and Zelda get their respective Triforce pieces.) The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess-Link's Crossbow Training-(upcoming Wii Zelda game) (Twilight Princess and the two related games take place 100 years after Ocarina of Time/Majora's Mask, it is unknown how long after these games the other games take place or if the other games take place in between the 100 years or after)
* Four Sword saga: The Legend of Zelda: The Minish Cap (birth of the Four Sword, plus Zelda is shown to have the Triforce, called the Gold Force in this game)- (Four Swords)- The Legend of Zelda: Four Swords Adventures (Ganon gets his trident), The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past (even though they say that the Master Sword was never used again, this is obviously not true as many Links afterwards have wielded it), BS Zelda no Densetsu-BS Zelda no Densetsu Kodai no Sekiban
* Awkward Link (XD) saga (The Legend of Zelda (TV series) and CD-i games from The Legend of Zelda series-LCD games from The Legend of Zelda series take place during these events): The Legend of Zelda-Zelda II: The Adventure of Link-The Legend of Zelda: Link's Awakening, The Legend of Zelda: Oracle of Seasons and Oracle of Ages (also takes place sometime after the Hero of Time saga, only this time it is not stated)
* Post-Hyrule saga (this is the last connection in the series as Hyrule is now at the bottom of the sea): The Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker-The Legend of Zelda: Phantom Hourglass (jump 100 years) The Legend of Zelda: Spirit Tracks
* Tingle (otherwise the "who cares?") saga: Freshly-Picked Tingle's Rosy Rupeeland, Tingle's Balloon Fight DS (this series takes place anytime AFTER Majora's Mask)
Crossovers
This section is merely a fun theory I came up on how almost every popular video game (and other) franchises are linked and part of the same multiverse. There are so many though that I don't even feel like covering them ALL!
The MAJOR crossover games are the Super Smash Brothers series, Soul series and Pac-Man Fever (video game) and Namco × Capcom).
Super Smash Brothers series are connected with: Mario/Donkey Kong (series), The Legend of Zelda (series) (which is connected to the Soul series), Metroid (series), Kirby (series), Pokemon, F-Zero (series), Star Fox (series), Pikmin (series), Mother (series), Metal Gear (series) and Sonic the Hedgehog (series)
* The Bomberman (series) is linked to Wario (through Wario Blast: Featuring Bomberman!). The Mario series is linked to Final Fantasy (series) because characters from both series appear in Mario Hoops 3-on-3, Final Fantasy is linked to Kingdom Hearts (series) because its characters appear in those series, and Kingdom Hearts is obviously linked to just about every Disney series.
* The DK series is linked to Killer Instinct, Conker the Squirrel and Banjo-Kazooie (series) because of their cameos in Diddy Kong Racing and BK and Conker in turn are linked to Grabbed by the Ghoulies, Jet Force Gemini, Kameo: Elements of Power, Perfect Dark, Viva Piñata and Mr. Pants because of an X-Box commercial and because of various crossovers in the game (namely the other characters' cameos in the BK games and cameos in Grabbed by the Ghoulis).
The Soul (series), which in turn is related to many other game series including Tekken (series) (with the appearance of Heihachi Mishima), Xenosaga series (with the appearance of KOS-MOS), the Tales (role-playing game series) (with the appearance of Lloyd Irving), the Spawn (comics), the God of War (series) (with the appearance of Kratos, also Kratos' armor and weapons appear in Heavenly Sword) Star Wars (with the apperances of Yoda and Darth Vader). The same alien species as E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial appear in the Star Wars film Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace.
There is no proper chronological order for these games because Soul Edge and Soul Calibur (from the Soul series), as well as Tabuu and the Master and Crazy Hands (from the Super Smash Bros series) have the power to warp and manipulate time and space. For those of you who would like to contribute more to this chain, please contact me in my UserTalk, thanks.
Categories
You could probably find attributes of me in the following categories:
(I'd like to thank User:Ben 10 for providing most these boxes). | WIKI |
Revitalize Your Smile with Restorative Dentistry Choices
Revitalize Your Smile with Restorative Dentistry Choices
Understanding Restorative Dentistry
Restorative dentistry is a branch of dental care focused on repairing and restoring the function and aesthetics of your teeth. Whether dealing with decay, damage, or missing teeth, restorative dentistry offers various options to bring back your confident smile.
Dental Fillings for Decay
One of the most common restorative procedures is dental fillings. If you have a cavity caused by tooth decay, your dentist may recommend a filling. These fillings, typically made of materials like composite resin or amalgam, restore the tooth’s structure and prevent further decay.
Crowns to Reinforce and Protect
For more extensive damage or weakened teeth, dental crowns provide a robust solution. Crowns, also known as caps, are custom-made to fit over your natural tooth, reinforcing its strength and protecting it from additional damage. They are often used after root canal therapy or for severely damaged teeth.
Bridges for Missing Teeth
When you have one or more missing teeth, dental bridges offer a reliable solution. A bridge consists of artificial teeth anchored by adjacent natural teeth or dental implants. This not only restores your smile but also helps maintain proper tooth alignment and bite functionality.
Dental Implants for a Permanent Solution
Dental implants are a cutting-edge option for replacing missing teeth. An implant involves placing a titanium post into the jawbone, providing a sturdy foundation for a crown. This solution not only restores the appearance of your smile but also stimulates the jawbone, preventing bone loss.
Dentures for Comprehensive Tooth Replacement
For individuals with multiple missing teeth, dentures provide a versatile restorative option. Modern dentures are designed to look natural and fit comfortably. They can replace a full arch of teeth (complete dentures) or several missing teeth (partial dentures), restoring both function and aesthetics.
Root Canal Therapy for Tooth Preservation
When a tooth is infected or severely decayed, root canal therapy becomes necessary. This procedure involves removing the infected pulp from the tooth, cleaning the canal, and sealing it. Despite its reputation, modern root canal therapy is a highly effective way to save a damaged tooth.
Orthodontic Solutions for Alignment Issues
Restorative dentistry extends beyond fixing individual teeth; it also addresses overall oral health and aesthetics. Orthodontic treatments such as braces or clear aligners can correct misalignments and bite issues, contributing to a healthier and more attractive smile.
Cosmetic Bonding for Minor Imperfections
Cosmetic bonding is a versatile option for correcting minor dental imperfections. Whether dealing with small chips, gaps, or discoloration, your dentist can use a tooth-colored resin to enhance the appearance of your teeth. This non-invasive procedure provides quick and effective results.
Regular Check-ups and Preventive Care
The foundation of any effective restorative dentistry plan is regular dental check-ups and preventive care. Routine examinations help identify issues early, allowing for less invasive and more cost-effective treatments. Maintain good oral hygiene habits, including brushing, flossing, and professional cleanings, to support your overall dental health.
Exploring Your Restorative Dentistry Options
To learn more about the restorative dentistry options available and find the best solution for your dental needs, visit myownperfectsite.com. Whether you require a simple filling or a more complex procedure, modern dentistry offers a range of choices to revitalize your smile and improve your oral health.
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Page:The Small House at Allington Vol 1.djvu/149
Rh sharp words, or encourage in her own heart a feeling of animosity against him, and yet she believed him to be wrong; and so believing could hardly bring herself to hear the injury. Such was her nature, as a Dale. And let it be remembered that very many who can devote themselves for great sacrifices, cannot bring themselves to the endurance of little injuries. Lily could have given up any gratification for her lover, but she could not allow herself to have been in the wrong, believing herself to have been in the right.
"I have asked him now, and he must come," she said.
"But do not press him to come any more."
"Certainly not, after what you have said, Adolphus. If he comes over to Allington, he will see me in mamma's house, to which he has always been made welcome by her. Of course I understand perfectly"
"You understand what, Lily?"
But she had stopped herself, fearing that she might say that which would be offensive to him if she continued.
"What is it you understand, Lily?"
"Do not press me to go on, Adolphus. As far as I can, I will do all that you want me to do."
"You meant to say that when you find yourself an inmate of my house, as a matter of course you could not ask your own friends to come and see you. Was that gracious?"
"Whatever I may have meant to say, I did not say that. Nor in truth did I mean it. Pray don't go on about it now. These are to be our last days you know, and we shouldn't waste them by talking of things that are unpleasant. After all poor Johnny Eames is nothing to me; nothing, nothing. How can any one be anything to me when I think of you?"
But even this did not bring Crosbie back at once into a pleasant humour. Had Lily yielded to him and confessed that he was right, he would have made himself at once as pleasant as the sun in May. But this she had not done. She had simply abstained from her argument because she did not choose to be vexed, and had declared her continued purpose of seeing Eames on his promised visit. Crosbie would have had her acknowledge herself wrong, and would have delighted in the privilege of forgiving her. But Lily Dale was one who did not greatly relish forgiveness, or any necessity of being forgiven. So they rode on, if not in silence, without much joy in their conversation. It was now late on the Monday afternoon, and Crosbie | WIKI |
Northbrook Island
Northbrook Island (остров Нортбрук) is an island located in the southern edge of the Franz Josef Archipelago, Russia. Its highest point is 344 m above sea level.
Northbrook Island is one of the most accessible locations in the island group. Thus it often served as a base for polar expeditions in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
History
The island was discovered in 1880 by English Arctic explorer Benjamin Leigh Smith. It was named after the Earl of Northbrook, who was president of the Royal Geographical Society from 1879 to 1880. The naming of the island was partly due to the insistence of Nikolai Góring, who was among the Earl's entourage during his presidential term.
Cape Flora, located in an unglacierized area in the Southwest of Northbrook Island (79.95°N, 50.08333°W) camp is historically significant. Benjamin Leigh Smith was shipwrecked at Cape Flora in 1881. A chance encounter between explorers Fridtjof Nansen and Frederick George Jackson took place here in 1896. Jackson was leading the Jackson–Harmsworth expedition, based at Cape Flora, when this meeting occurred, on 17 June 1896.
A cape to the north of the island, at 80°55'N, was named Cape Bruce, after British zoologist and oceanographer William Speirs Bruce, a member of the Jackson–Harmsworth expedition. In 1904, coal was mined about 150 m up the slopes by explorers of the American Ziegler Polar expedition wintering over after their ship sank at Rudolf Island.
After a gruesome ordeal, navigator Valerian Albanov and sailor Alexander Konrad, the sole survivors of the ill-fated expedition of the Svyataya Anna, ended up on Cape Flora in 1914. Albanov and Konrad were ultimately rescued by the Svyatoy Foka as they were preparing for the winter.
For a long time, Northbrook Island was thought to be a single entity. However during an archeological expedition on the icebreaker Kapitan Dranitsyn in 1985, Ratislav Gaidovskiy found that there was a narrow strait separating it into a large eastern part, and a smaller island, containing Cape Flora, to the west. The existence of this strait was confirmed in 2006 by Stanislav Rumyantsev on the icebreaker Yamal, in 2007 by Børge Ousland and Thomas Ulrich, and in 2012 by the crew of Professor Molchanov and Rossiya. It is assumed that the islands were until recently linked by a tombolo that has since been washed away.
Although various names have been suggested, the land to the west of the discovered strait is now officially called West Northbrook Island (остров Западный Нортбрук), the larger entity to the east is East Northbrook Island (остров Восточный Нортбрук).
Adjacent islands
* Ostrov Robertsona (Остров Робертсона), Robertson Island is a small island lying right off Northbrook Island's eastern shore, close to its easternmost point. This island was named after Scottish Antarctic explorer Captain Thomas Robertson of the 1904 the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition to the South Orkney Islands on ship Scotia.
* Ostrov Novyy lies less than 2 km to the SSW of Robertson, closer to the shore. Both islands are less than 1 km in length. | WIKI |
Danoff
Danoff is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Bettye Danoff (1923–2011), American golfer
* Bill Danoff (born 1946), American songwriter and singer
* Owen Danoff (born 1989), American singer-songwriter
* William Danoff (born 1959/1960), American money manager | WIKI |
Oracle VSIZE Function with ExamplesIn this article, I’ll explain what the Oracle VSIZE function does and show you some examples.
Purpose of the Oracle VSIZE Function
The VSIZE function returns the number of bytes of an expression using the internal representation.
That sounds a lot like the LENGTH function, doesn’t it?
I’ll explain the differences shortly after we cover the syntax and parameters.
Syntax
The syntax of the VSIZE function is:
VSIZE ( expression )
Parameters
The parameters of the VSIZE function are:
• expression (mandatory): The expression to calculate the VSIZE for.
If the expression value is NULL, then the function returns NULL.
What’s the Difference Between LENGTH and VSIZE Functions in Oracle?
If you think that the VSIZE function looks a lot like the LENGTH function, you’re right. They are pretty similar.
But, they have some differences.
• LENGTH returns the number of characters in the specified string, but VSIZE finds the number of bytes that a string uses. One byte does not always equal one character (related: character sets in Oracle).
• LENGTH takes any character argument, but VSIZE takes almost any data type, so LENGTH will have to do an implicit conversion if another data type is specified (such as a number).
So looking at VSIZE vs LENGTH in Oracle will depend on your requirements.
The examples section below looks at an example of both functions.
Examples of the VSIZE Function
Here are some examples of the VSIZE function.
Example 1 – Basic VSIZE
This example is a basic example of the VSIZE function.
Result:
VSIZE_TEST
12
The result is 12 because 12 bytes would be used.
Example 2 – VSIZE vs LENGTH
Let’s see how VSIZE and LENGTH compare using an example.
First, let’s set up a new table with some data.
Now, let’s select these values.
Result:
SINGLE_BYTE_CHARMULTI_BYTE_CHAR
DatabaseDatab?se
Now, let’s use the VSIZE and LENGTH functions on these values.
Result:
SINGLE_BYTE_ CHARVSIZE_ SINGLELENGTH_ SINGLEMULTI_BYTE_ CHARVSIZE_ MULTILENGTH_ MULTI
Database88Datab?se168
You can see that the results are different here.
Similar Functions
Some functions which are similar to the VSIZE function are:
• LENGTH: Returns the number of characters in the specified string.
If you want to know more about SQL functions, you can find a full list of Oracle SQL functions here.
Lastly, if you enjoy the information and career advice I’ve been providing, sign up to my newsletter below to stay up-to-date on my articles. You’ll also receive a fantastic bonus. Thanks!
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Improve your Oracle SQL queries by signing up to my free 21-day Oracle Tips email course.
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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 55 Part 1.djvu/160
77TH CONG. , S1TSESS.-CH. 64-APR. 11, 1941 shall not actively engage in any other business, vocation, or employ- ment. The counsel shall receive compensation at the rate of $10,000 per year and necessary traveling expenses. With the exception of a clerk to the counsel, the attorneys, and such special agents and experts as the counsel may from time to time find necessary for the conduct of his work, all employees of the counsel shall be appointed and their compensation fixed in accordance with the civil-service laws and the 42 Stat. 1488. Classification Act of 1923, as amended. 5U.C. 661 -674. "(b) The counsel shall have and perform the functions conferred Functions. 50 Stat. 74. and imposed upon the Consumers' Counsel of the National Bitumi- U.taS.C. 829 (b). nous Coal Commission by this Act as in force upon its enactment. The functions of such office which were transferred, by Reorganiza- tion Plan Numbered II transmitted by the President to Congress on May 9, 1939, to the office of the Solicitor of the Department of the 53 .stac4.33tnote. Interior shall not be performed by such office of the Solicitor after the Bituminous Coal Consumers' Counsel has taken office, and in no event after the expiration of sixty days after the date this section takes effect. "(c) All records and property of such office of the Consumers' Transfer of recordp Counsel of the National Bituminous Coal Commission transferred by sonnel. such Reorganization Plan to the office of the Solicitor of the Depart- ment of the Interior, and all records and property of the office of such Solicitor used primarily in the administration of any function of the office of such Consumers' Counsel transferred by such Reorganiza- tion Plan, and all personnel so transferred (not heretofore retrans- ferred or separated from the service under section 402 of such Reor- ganization Plan) and all personnel used in the administration of such a3 stat. 1435. functions are transferred to the Office of the Bituminous Coal Con- U.. tnote. sumers' Counsel established by subsection (a) of this section for use in the administration of the functions vested in such office by this section. (d) So much of the unexpended balances of the appropriations, pTranfeaar oun allocations, or other funds available for the use of the office of the Solicitor of the Department of the Interior in the exercise of the functions of the Office of the Consumers' Counsel of the National Bituminous Coal Commission transferred by such Reorganization Plan, or for the use of the Secretary of the Interior in the exercise of any function so transferred, as the Director of the Budget with the approval of the President shall determine, shall be transferred to the Office of the Bituminous Coal Consumers' Counsel for use in connection with the exercise of the functions vested in such office by this section. In determining the amount to be transferred the Direc- tor of the Bureau of the Budget may include an amount to provide for the liquidation of obligations incurred against such appropria- tions, allocations, or other funds prior to the transfer: Provided,That Use restricted. the use of the unexpended balances of appropriations, allocations, or 53 tat. 2562 W3. other funds transferred by this section shall be subject to the pro- 133r. visions of section 4 (d) (3) and section 9 of the Reorganization Act of 1939. "(e) All orders, rules, regulations, permits, or other privileges made, Conetintion of or- issued, or granted by or in respect of the Consumers' Counsel of the National Bituminous Coal Commission, or the office of such Con- sumers' Counsel, or the Solicitor of the Department of the Interior, or the office of such Solicitor, in the administration of the functions vested in such office or officer by this Act or such Reorganization Plan and in effect at the time this section takes effect, shall continue in effect to the same extent as if this section had not been enacted, until modified, superseded, or repealed. 135 55STAT.]
� | WIKI |
Celluloid
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Table tennis balls (40 mm) made from celluloid.
Celluloid is the name of a group of compounds made from nitrocellulose and camphor, plus dyes and other agents. It was the first thermoplastic. It was first called Parkesine in 1856, then Xylonite in 1869 and then Celluloid in 1870. Celluloid is easily molded and shaped.
It was first widely used as an ivory replacement, in billiard balls for example. In the early 20th century it was used in most photographic film. Celluloid catches fire very easily and also easily breaks down, and is no longer widely used. Its most common uses today are for making table tennis balls and guitar picks.[1]
References[change | change source]
1. http://www.dandreapicks.com/about.htm Andrea Picks: The Saga of Cellulose | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Pop-up ads annoy pretty much everyone and Microsoft has started spamming their current users with ads that are irrelevant or are impossible to remove. Fortunately, there is a way to fix it. All you have to do to remove the pop-up ads is follow the steps in this guide.
Something that most people find annoying, no matter where they are on the internet, is an overabundance of pop-up ads. They are really just an extra layer of annoyance for many people and the ultimate goal is to get them removed as soon as possible and hope they will never return. Microsoft has been using pop-up ads to advertise Windows 10 and Office 365 for some time now but the ads just recently began popping up on user accounts who are subscribed to Office 365 but do not have the Office 2016 locally installable apps.
Pop Up Ads Office 365
What the Pop-up Ads Say
The pop-up ads seem to be friendly enough even if they are a bit misleading. While the pop-up ads are really just prompting users to upgrade their Office 365 to Office 2016, some people do not actually have the free upgrade available. If you are someone who has used the free download of Office 365 or someone with a different plan, then by clicking upgrade on the ad, you will be taken to a payment screen and you will be charged for the upgrade. The ad uses the words “free upgrade” and this is not true for everyone because it is not necessarily free. Another big issue is that when some people are trying to remove the ad, choosing an option, no matter what option it is, is not doing anything. The ad is staying there and there is no movement. This makes it seem as though it is impossible to move to another screen and get rid of the ad.
How to Remove the Pop-up Ads
Although these pop-up ads are very annoying, there is an easy fix that Microsoft has provided. You do not have to continuously try to get rid of these ads. This quick fix should do the trick for some time until Microsoft has figured out how to remove them from accounts where the upgrade is not free or to simply provide a notification instead of a pop-up ad. Either way would be a huge fix for current Microsoft users and would allow them to use the software without constant annoyances. To remove the pop-up for now, you will have to click on this link. The link came straight from Microsoft so it should be safe to click and download. Once you click the link, you should be brought to a File Download dialog box where you will need to click on Run or Open. Once this is done, you should follow the remaining steps. At the end of the fix wizard, the problem should be taken care of and you should be able to continue using your Microsoft Office version the way you always have.
No one likes pop-up ads, especially when they already have a product from a company. Microsoft is working to fix it but until this is done, you can remove them. If you are still having trouble and cannot figure out how to remove pop-up ads in {city}, be sure to stop by Veltec Networks or contact them via info@veltecnetworks.com or (408) 809-0774 to get some additional assistance. If the fix above does not work, they can help you find another great solution that should do the trick for your Microsoft Office system.
Check Out Veltec’s Latest Videos On Technology & Cybersecurity
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Don't Plug In Anything To Unknown Computer Devices | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Volleyball at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Volleyball at the 1972 Summer Olympics was represented by two events: men's team and women's team. | WIKI |
San José de Jáchal
San José de Jáchal (, often shortened to Jáchal) is a city in the northeast of the province of San Juan, Argentina, located on National Route 40, south of the Jáchal River. It has 21,018 inhabitants per the, and is the head town of the Jáchal Department. | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/Black skimmer skimming
Black skimmer skimming
Voting period ends on 26 May 2020 at 12:15:28 (UTC)
* Reason:High quality large image. FP on Commons. In flight image essential to illustrate what a skimmer does.
* Articles in which this image appears:Rynchops, Black skimmer
* FP category for this image:Featured pictures/Animals/Birds
* Creator:Charlesjsharp
* Support as nominator – Charlesjsharp (talk) 12:15, 16 May 2020 (UTC)
* Support – agree with Daniel Case at Commons. Bammesk (talk) 18:43, 16 May 2020 (UTC)
* Support. MER-C 19:20, 16 May 2020 (UTC)
* Oppose (sorry to be a bore). The image was only added to the article a few days ago, and the article is already carrying more images than it can really support. From WP:WIAFP: "It is preferable to wait a reasonable period of time (at least 7 days) after the image is added to the article before nominating it, though this may be ignored in obvious cases, such as replacing a low-resolution version of an image with a higher resolution of the same image." In this case, I'd rather see the image stable for quite a lot longer than 7 days. Josh Milburn (talk) 06:36, 17 May 2020 (UTC)
* You are right, Josh Milburn . I will renominate in a month's time. Sorry Bammesk, MER-C Charlesjsharp (talk) 09:27, 17 May 2020 (UTC)
--Armbrust The Homunculus 04:43, 20 May 2020 (UTC)
* Withdrawn nomination. Armbrust The Homunculus 04:43, 20 May 2020 (UTC) | WIKI |
Classic British Sports Cars
E-mail: cliffknight@tiscali.co.uk
Overhaul of SU Fuel Pumps Used On MG TA, TB, and TC Type Midgets
S.U. electric fuel pumps are amongst the most reliable fuel pumps found on older cars providing they are properly serviced and maintained. When supplied new with MGs they could be expected to easily outlive the engine without adjustment. Our cars and all their components are now well past their design life, yet many of us are still using original fuel pumps. They will still operate, albeit unreliably, with eroded and incorrectly set contacts, poorly adjusted diaphragms and partially blocked filters. Often a sharp tap will restore a stalled pump to life for another month. This ability to just about keep working with no maintenance, has unfairly given the product a reputation for poor reliability.
The following instructions should allow any enthusiast to restore an SU fuel pump to as new specification and reliability. The work requires no special tools and very little skill. Even if you are new to old car maintenance and restoration, please try overhauling your SU fuel pump yourself. You will derive a lot more satisfaction than paying an expert to do the job or buying a renovated pump.
There is nothing more satisfying than sitting behind the wheel of a TA, TB or TC on an open country road listening to the change in the frequency of the tick from the fuel pump as you pull up hills or accelerate to pass a slower vehicle............ and knowing that the tick sounds correct because it is correct because you made it so.
DESCRIPTION
The S.U. fuel pump used in MG TA, TB and TC cars was a 12 volt, low pressure Type L electric pump designated AUA 25. The same or similar pump was used on many British cars from 1930 to 1960 and they are readily available at autojumbles.
All early cars were fitted with pumps with brass bodies. A two part aluminium body was introduced in 1948, but no alterations were made to the part numbers and the exact introduction date is unknown.
A side effect of the improving octane levels of post war fuels was a tendency for vapour locks to form in under bonnet pumps. A high pressure pump was introduced on the TF, installed at the rear of the car near the petrol tank, thus preventing fuel vaporisation problems due to higher under bonnet temperatures. That pump had a slightly longer body than the L type (2¾ in. as against 2¼ in.). Many post 1950s British cars used HP pumps with 2¼ in bodies. Care should be taken to distinguish the correct pressure type for use on TA, TB and TC cars as the higher delivery pressure of the HP types may cause flooding at the carburettor and the reduced lift may cause fuel starvation with a low fuel level in the tank.
A GUIDE TO DISTINGUISHING L FROM HP TYPE PUMPS
The following identifiers should help when purchasing second hand pumps with tags missing.
Note 1: The Morris Minor AUA 66 pump is identical apart from the delivery pipe connection, which can easily be changed. This is probably the most widely available SU pump.
Note 2: I have seen several minor differences in the outside of the magnet assembly case. Some have a short pipe for the outlet; some have a small web near the flange. They all seem to be interchangeable with one exception (see below). I have no idea which is “correct”.
ORIGINAL SPECIFICATION - TYPE L PUMP
CONSTRUCTION OF THE FUEL PUMP
The pump consists of four main assemblies: the body A, the diaphragm assembly L, the magnet assembly M and the contact breaker assembly T.
The body is either a hollow brass stamping on early pumps, or a two part aluminium casting held together by the screws which secure it to the cast-iron coil housing. The screws are longer than those used with the brass type and are not interchangeable. A filter B is screwed into the bottom. The inlet union C is screwed in at an angle on one side and the outlet union D is screwed into the top. The outlet union screws onto the delivery valve cage, which is clamped between two fibre washers. In the top of the delivery cage is the delivery valve, which consists of a thin brass disc H held in position by a spring clip I. The suction valve is a similar disc K and rests in a seating machined in the body. Holes connect the space between the valves and the pumping chamber which faces the diaphragm and magnet assembly M.
The diaphragm assembly is clamped at its outside edge between the magnet housing and the body and in the centre between the brass retaining plate and the steel armature. A rod is permanently attached to the centre and passes through the magnet core to the contact breaker which is located at the other end. A spring is interposed between the armature and the end plate of the coil. The diaphragm assembly should be replaced as a single unit.
The magnet assembly consists of a cast-iron pot having an iron core on which is wound the wire coil which energises the magnet. Between the magnet housing and the armature are eleven spherical-edged rollers S which locate the armature centrally within the magnet. Some later pumps used a plastic guide clip in place of these rollers. I have also seen magnet assemblies with a larger diameter spigot, which I suspect is the HP magnet assembly. That magnet can foul the normal bore in the L diaphragm assembly. I’m not sure which model this was as I bought it as a supposedly restored brass bodied AUA 25 unit without any labels. Do check that your replacement diaphragm can seat properly and does not foul at the spigot in the magnet assemble.
OVERHAUL AND ADJUSTMENT
The contacts are relatively easy to clean and reset without disturbing other settings. The filter and valves can also be cleaned and replaced without full disassembly of the pump. Replacement of contacts, rocker mechanism or diaphragm will require the pump to be fully dismantled.
Cleaning and Resetting Contacts
Valves and Filter
Replacement of Diaphragm and/or Contact Breaker Mechanism
Safety note
The original diaphragms fitted to SU pumps are attacked by some of the aromatics used in modern fuels. Failure of the diaphragm could allow petrol to pass through the coil into the contact cover where sparking may ignite the fuel or flow out of the vent onto the hot exhaust pipe. Replacement diaphragms for older SU pumps using materials designed for modern fuels are readily available. If you intend to use a second hand or old SU pump you are advised to replace the diaphragm, regardless of apparent condition, with a new one sourced from a reputable supplier.
Dismantling
Reassembly and adjustment
Refit the spring washer, coil wire tag, lead washer, and dished brass nut to the terminal screw. The correct order is shown below:
1 - spring washer, 2 - terminal tag, 3 - lead washer, 4 - coned nut with cone towards lead washer. Fit bakelite end cover then sealing washer 5
The important aspects of fitting the diaphragm are:
1) The contact breaker blade must be removed when the diaphragm is adjusted.
2) The diaphragm must be pressed with a steady pressure and not jerked when setting.
3) The diaphragm must be stretched to the limit when the body screws are tightened.
NOTES ABOUT CONTACT LIFE
The pumps fitted to T-ABC cars had no spark arresters. The current switched is about 3 amps so some contact erosion will occur. Providing the car is used regularly, the wiping action should keep the points in good condition for considerable mileage. When car radios first started to appear, SU fitted a capacitor to reduce sparking. To retrofit this you will need a later end cover with a bulge. The capacitor is wired across the points and is not polarity sensitive.
Most SU pumps supplied now are fitted with a zener diode as original equipment. For positive earth installations as on MG T Types fit a 24 volt zener diode. The positive terminal (usually marked with a band) should be connected to the rocker blade screw and the negative to the terminal stud. It should be possible to fit the diode within the standard cover.
Some later pumps were fitted with double contacts. Whilst this may increase contact life on an L type pump, the reason SU introduced the change was to accommodate higher currents in heavier duty coils.
A NOTE ABOUT SPARES
Burlen Fuel Systems are the owners of SU and are responsible for the distribution of SU products throughout the world. They also publish an excellent workshop manual and reference catalogue for SU products used on classic British vehicles. They can supply everything from individual washers to complete pumps and even electronic contactless conversions.
Burlen Fuel Systems
http://www.burlen.co.uk/
I have no connection whatsoever with this company other than as a satisfied customer.
Clifford F Knight
| ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Pontoon: Update Arabic (ar) localization of Thunderbird
authorRuba <ruba.awayes@gmail.com>
Thu, 25 Oct 2018 09:36:23 +0000
changeset 1505 fee8964c3322b66e80bb0a6626f0807f9e6df253
parent 1504 c141e771b28e178344a71f654b17d37277193e1d
child 1506 db329f86ccaae9cfdac84adc360681037f6d27dd
push id751
push userpontoon@mozilla.com
push dateThu, 25 Oct 2018 09:36:26 +0000
Pontoon: Update Arabic (ar) localization of Thunderbird Localization authors: - Ruba <ruba.awayes@gmail.com>
editor/ui/chrome/dialogs/EdColorPicker.dtd
mail/chrome/messenger/addons.properties
--- a/editor/ui/chrome/dialogs/EdColorPicker.dtd
+++ b/editor/ui/chrome/dialogs/EdColorPicker.dtd
@@ -3,16 +3,17 @@
- file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. -->
<!ENTITY windowTitle.label "لون">
<!ENTITY lastPickedColor.label "آخر لون مختار">
<!ENTITY lastPickedColor.accessKey "خ">
<!ENTITY setColor1.label "انقر على لون أو">
<!ENTITY setColor2.label "أدخل عبارة لون HTML">
<!ENTITY setColor2.accessKey "H">
+<!ENTITY chooseColor1.label "اختر لونًا:">
<!ENTITY setColorExample.label "(مثلا: "#0000ff" أو "blue"):">
<!ENTITY default.label "المبدئي">
<!ENTITY default.accessKey "م">
<!ENTITY palette.label "لوح الألوان:">
<!ENTITY standardPalette.label "معياري">
<!ENTITY webPalette.label "كل ألوان وِب">
<!ENTITY background.label "خلفية ل:">
<!ENTITY background.accessKey "خ">
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mail/chrome/messenger/addons.properties
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+xpinstallPromptMessage.dontAllow=لا تسمح
+xpinstallPromptAllowButton=اسمح
+# Accessibility Note:
+# Be sure you do not choose an accesskey that is used elsewhere in the active context (e.g. main menu bar, submenu of the warning popup button)
+# See http://www.mozilla.org/access/keyboard/accesskey for details
+
+# LOCALIZATION NOTE (addonPostInstall.message1)
+# %1$S is replaced with the localized named of the extension that was
+# just installed.
+# %2$S is replaced with the localized name of the application.
+
+# LOCALIZATION NOTE (addonPostInstall.restartRequired.message)
+# %S is the application name
+
+# LOCALIZATION NOTE (addonDownloadingAndVerifying):
+# Semicolon-separated list of plural forms. See:
+# http://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/Localization_and_Plurals
+# Also see https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=570012 for mockups
+
+
+# LOCALIZATION NOTE (addonConfirmInstallMessage,addonConfirmInstallUnsigned):
+# Semicolon-separated list of plural forms. See:
+# http://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/Localization_and_Plurals
+# #1 is brandShortName
+# #2 is the number of add-ons being installed
+
+# LOCALIZATION NOTE (addonConfirmInstallSomeUnsigned.message):
+# Semicolon-separated list of plural forms. See:
+# http://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/Localization_and_Plurals
+# #1 is brandShortName
+# #2 is the total number of add-ons being installed (at least 2)
+
+# LOCALIZATION NOTE (addonInstalled):
+# %S is the name of the add-on
+# LOCALIZATION NOTE (addonsGenericInstalled):
+# Semicolon-separated list of plural forms. See:
+# http://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/Localization_and_Plurals
+# #1 number of add-ons
+
+# LOCALIZATION NOTE (addonInstallError-1, addonInstallError-2, addonInstallError-3, addonInstallError-4, addonInstallError-5, addonLocalInstallError-1, addonLocalInstallError-2, addonLocalInstallError-3, addonLocalInstallError-4, addonLocalInstallError-5):
+# %1$S is the application name, %2$S is the add-on name
+
+# LOCALIZATION NOTE (addonInstallErrorIncompatible, addonInstallErrorLegacy, addonLocalInstallErrorLegacy):
+# %1$S is the application name, %2$S is the application version, %3$S is the add-on name
+
+# LOCALIZATION NOTE (addonInstallErrorBlocklisted): %S is add-on name
+
+# LOCALIZATION NOTE (webextPerms.header)
+# This string is used as a header in the webextension permissions dialog,
+# %S is replaced with the localized name of the extension being installed.
+# See https://bug1308309.bmoattachments.org/attachment.cgi?id=8814612
+# for an example of the full dialog.
+# Note, this string will be used as raw markup. Avoid characters like <, >, &
+
+
+# LOCALIZATION NOTE (webextPerms.listIntro)
+# This string will be followed by a list of permissions requested
+# by the webextension.
+
+# LOCALIZATION NOTE (webextPerms.sideloadMenuItem)
+# %1$S will be replaced with the localized name of the sideloaded add-on.
+# %2$S will be replace with the name of the application (e.g., Firefox, Nightly)
+
+# LOCALIZATION NOTE (webextPerms.sideloadHeader)
+# This string is used as a header in the webextension permissions dialog
+# when the extension is side-loaded.
+# %S is replaced with the localized name of the extension being installed.
+# Note, this string will be used as raw markup. Avoid characters like <, >, &
+
+
+# LOCALIZATION NOTE (webextPerms.updateMenuItem)
+# %S will be replaced with the localized name of the extension which
+# has been updated.
+
+# LOCALIZATION NOTE (webextPerms.updateText)
+# %S is replaced with the localized name of the updated extension.
+# Note, this string will be used as raw markup. Avoid characters like <, >, &
+
+
+# LOCALIZATION NOTE (webextPerms.optionalPermsHeader)
+# %S is replace with the localized name of the extension requested new
+# permissions.
+# Note, this string will be used as raw markup. Avoid characters like <, >, &
+
+# LOCALIZATION NOTE (webextPerms.description.nativeMessaging)
+# %S will be replaced with the name of the application
+
+
+# LOCALIZATION NOTE (webextPerms.hostDescription.wildcard)
+# %S will be replaced by the DNS domain for which a webextension
+# is requesting access (e.g., mozilla.org)
+
+# LOCALIZATION NOTE (webextPerms.hostDescription.tooManyWildcards):
+# Semi-colon list of plural forms.
+# See: http://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/Localization_and_Plurals
+# #1 will be replaced by an integer indicating the number of additional
+# domains for which this webextension is requesting permission.
+
+# LOCALIZATION NOTE (webextPerms.hostDescription.oneSite)
+# %S will be replaced by the DNS host name for which a webextension
+# is requesting access (e.g., www.mozilla.org)
+
+# LOCALIZATION NOTE (webextPerms.hostDescription.tooManySites)
+# Semi-colon list of plural forms.
+# See: http://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/Localization_and_Plurals
+# #1 will be replaced by an integer indicating the number of additional
+# hosts for which this webextension is requesting permission.
+
+# LOCALIZATION NOTE (webext.defaultSearch.description)
+# %1$S is replaced with the localized named of the extension that is asking to change the default search engine.
+# %2$S is replaced with the name of the current search engine
+# %3$S is replaced with the name of the new search engine
+
+# LOCALIZATION NOTE (webext.remove.confirmation.title)
+# %S is the name of the extension which is about to be removed.
+# LOCALIZATION NOTE (webext.remove.confirmation.message)
+# %1$S is the name of the extension which is about to be removed.
+# %2$S is brandShorterName | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
2021 UEFA European Under-21 Championship squads
The following is a list of squads for all sixteen national teams that competed at the 2021 UEFA European Under-21 Championship. Each national team had to submit a final squad of 23 players, three of whom had to be goalkeepers.
Players in boldface were capped at full international level at some point in their career.
Group stage
Age, caps, goals and club as of 24 March 2021.
Germany
Head coach: Stefan Kuntz
The squad was announced on 15 March 2021.
Hungary
Head coach: Zoltán Gera
The squad was announced on 15 March 2021.
Netherlands
Head coach: Erwin van de Looi
The squad was announced on 15 March 2021. On 21 March, it was announced that Lutsharel Geertruida would be replacing Jurriën Timber due to illness.
Romania
Head coach: Adrian Mutu
The squad was announced on 16 March 2021. On 19 March, it was announced that Adrian Petre would be replacing Valentin Costache.
Czech Republic
Head coach: Karel Krejčí
The squad was announced on 15 March 2021.
Italy
Head coach: Paolo Nicolato
The squad was announced on 15 March 2021. On 19 March, Andrea Pinamonti was replaced by Lorenzo Colombo, because of his unavailability due to COVID-19 quarantine restrictions applied to Inter Milan players. On 23 March, Samuele Ricci withdrew from the squad, with Andrea Pinamonti subsequently returning to the official squad list, though he was not present at the tournament.
Slovenia
Head coach: Milenko Ačimovič
Spain
Head coach: Luis de la Fuente
The squad was announced on 15 March 2021. On 19 March, Mateu Morey withdrew injured and was replaced by Yeremy Pino.
Denmark
Head coach: 🇪🇸 Albert Capellas
The squad was announced on 15 March 2021.
France
Head coach: Sylvain Ripoll
The squad was announced on 15 March 2021. On 21 March, Houssem Aouar and Moussa Diaby were ruled out due to injury and replaced by Armand Laurienté and Alexis Claude-Maurice.
Iceland
Head coach: Davíð Snorri Jónasson
The squad was announced on 18 March 2021.
Russia
Head coach: Mikhail Galaktionov
The squad was announced on 15 March 2021. On 20 March, Konstantin Kuchayev was ruled out due to an injury and replaced by Konstantin Tyukavin.
Croatia
Head coach: Igor Bišćan
The squad was announced on 9 March 2021. On 18 March, Joško Gvardiol was ruled out due to an injury and replaced by David Čolina. On 21 March, Luka Sučić was ruled out due to an injury and replaced by Matej Vuk. On 22 March, Borna Sosa was ruled out due to an injury and replaced by Hrvoje Babec.
England
Head coach: Aidy Boothroyd
The squad was announced on 15 March 2021. On 23 March, Todd Cantwell was called up to replace the injured Mason Greenwood.
Portugal
Head coach: Rui Jorge
The squad was announced on 15 March 2021. On 19 March 2021, forwards Rafael Leão and Jota Filipe were ruled out of the tournament due to injury, being replaced by Gonçalo Ramos and João Mário.
Switzerland
Head coach: Mauro Lustrinelli
The squad was announced on 15 March 2021. On 20 March, Noah Okafor withdrew injured and was replaced by Kevin Rüegg.
Knockout stage
Age, caps, goals and club as of 31 May 2021.
Croatia
Head coach: Igor Bišćan
The squad was announced on 17 May 2021. On 25 May, Luka Sučić, Dario Vizinger and Mihael Žaper withdrew and were replaced by Neven Đurasek, Sandro Kulenović and Matej Vuk.
Denmark
Head coach: 🇪🇸 Albert Capellas
The squad was announced on 21 May 2021. On 28 May, Mads Bech Sørensen withdrew injured and was replaced by Simon Graves Jensen.
France
Head coach: Sylvain Ripoll
The squad was announced on 20 May 2021. On 24 May, Randal Kolo Muani and Alban Lafont withdrew due to club obligations, while Wesley Fofana withdrew injured, and were replaced by Axel Disasi, Etienne Green and Arnaud Kalimuendo. On 26 May, Adrien Truffert withdrew injured and was replaced by Nicolas Cozza.
Germany
Head coach: Stefan Kuntz
The squad was announced on 24 May 2021. On 25 May, Maxim Leitsch withdrew injured and was replaced by Lars Lukas Mai. On 30 May, Janni Serra withdrew injured and was replaced by Shinta Appelkamp.
Italy
Head coach: Paolo Nicolato
The squad was announced on 24 May 2021.
Netherlands
Head coach: Erwin van de Looi
The squad was announced on 21 May 2021. On 24 May, Noa Lang and Deyovaisio Zeefuik withdrew injured, while Ludovit Reis withdrew due to club obligations, and were replaced by Mats Knoester and Kaj Sierhuis (thus reducing the squad to 22 players). On 26 May, Brian Brobbey withdrew injured and no replacement was added (thus reducing the squad to 21 players), though he was still included in the official squad list with the number 19 shirt.
Portugal
Head coach: Rui Jorge
The squad was announced on 21 May 2021. On 24 May, Thierry Correia withdrew due to a positive COVID-19 test, while Francisco Trincão withdrew due to quarantine as a close contact, and were replaced by Abdu Conté and Filipe Soares.
Spain
Head coach: Luis de la Fuente
The squad was announced on 21 May 2021. On 26 May, Jon Moncayola withdrew injured and was replaced by Antonio Blanco. | WIKI |
.NET
A 20-post collection
5 years ago
Configuring Windows Azure Access Control Service
security .NET Azure
When implementing an application I think it is nice if you can focus your development solving the problems the application should solve and almost nothing else. Most of the time authentication isn't r…
5 years ago
NServiceBus course summary
.NET NServiceBus CQRS
Last week I've been attending the course Enterprise Development with NServiceBus authored by Udi Dahan and held by Andreas Öhlund at Programutvikling. The course was well structured and the course mat…
5 years ago
Linq tip of the day - Aggregate
.NET linq
One thing that I have noticed is that people tend to not be aware of the Aggregate function that exist for linq. If you learn how to use the Aggregate function it will be useful for you in many scenar…
5 years ago
Generic data mapper for DataReader
.NET ADO.NET
Isn't it boring to write mappers to map data from a db to objects? Wouldn't it be nice if someone wrote one that is simple to use and works in most cases? I guess so and maybe there are several out th…
5 years ago
Debugging your Windows Service in Visual Studio
WCF .NET
It could be hard to debug your windows services if you play by the book. If you do play by the book you need to install the windows service and then attach a debugger to the process to be able to debu…
5 years ago
Generic list to DataTable
.NET tag
Ok, I have to admit that I'm sitting on a WebForms project that is using datasets and DataTable a lot as DataSource to GridView's for example. When using GridView's in asp.net it's pretty nice to have…
5 years ago
Refactor your code - remove those if-else if-else and switch statements
.NET functional refactoring
I'm currently working with some legacy code and came across a really long if-else if-else function. We've all been down that path writing that type of code. A situation where this is pretty common in…
5 years ago
How to check http status code with watin
.NET watin
I'm about to write my own blog, which will replace this one when it's done. When doing so there is no excuse to not do it as it should be done. So I'm using SpecFlow to define my features and WatiN to…
5 years ago
Convert DataTable to generic list extension
.NET
The background to the following post is this question on Stack Overflow and my old blog post about generic list to DataTable. The question on Stack Overflow is basically asking the opposite of what I…
5 years ago
Disposible WCF client wrapper
WCF .NET
Ok, so you have implemented your WCF service and is about to implement your service client. As usual you want your client to be disposed as it should so you start writing something like: using(var cl… | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Dow snaps 4-session slide, as stock market books sharp gains
U.S. stocks jumped on Monday, with major indexes closing sharply higher in a broad advance as concerns appeared to fade of the prospect of more protectionist trade policies. The Dow Jones Industrial Average rose 344 points, or 1.4%, to 21,882, snapping a four-day losing streak. The S&P 500 gained 30 points, or 1.1%, to 2,721. The Nasdaq Composite Index closed up 1%, or 73 points, ending at 7,331. The day's gains were broad, with all 11 S&P 500 sectors ending higher on the day and most closing up more than 1%. The gains came as investors tried to look beyond the threat of a global trade war and instead focused on positive economic data. Recent volatility has come after President Donald Trump last week said he would impose a 25% tariff on steel imports and a 10% tariff on aluminum, sparking fears of a trade war that contributed to heavy losses last week. The day's rally was seen a recovery from that decline, particularly in the absence of new information about trade policy. Among the day's biggest gainers, Boeing Co. jumped 2.3% while Caterpillar Inc. was up 3.2%. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
TOPICS
Search
Unique Prime
Following Yates (1980), a prime p such that 1/p is a repeating decimal with decimal period shared with no other prime is called a unique prime. For example, 3, 11, 37, and 101 are unique primes, since they are the only primes with periods one (1/3=0.3^_), two (1/11=0.09^_), three (1/37=0.027^_), and four (1/101=0.0099^_) respectively. On the other hand, 41 and 271 both have period five, so neither is a unique prime.
The unique primes are the primes p such that
(Phi_n(10))/(GCD(Phi_n(10),n))=p^alpha,
where Phi_n(x) is a cyclotomic polynomial, n is the period of the unique prime, GCD(a,b) is the greatest common divisor, and alpha is a positive integer.
The first few unique primes are 3, 11, 37, 101, 9091, 9901, 333667, ... (OEIS A040017), which have periods 1, 2, 3, 4, 10, 12, 9, 14, 24, ... (OEIS A051627), respectively.
See also
Cyclic Number, Decimal Expansion, Full Reptend Prime
Explore with Wolfram|Alpha
References
Caldwell, C. "Unique Primes." http://primes.utm.edu/glossary/page.php?sort=UniquePrime.Caldwell, C. "Unique (Period) Primes and the Factorization of Cyclotomic Polynomial Minus One." Math. Japonica 46, 189-195, 1997.Caldwell, C. and Dubner, H. "Unique Period Primes." J. Recr. Math. 29, 43-48, 1998.Delahaye, J.-P. "Merveilleux nombres premiers." Pour la Science, p. 324, 2000.Sloane, N. J. A. Sequences A040017 and A051627 in "The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences."Yates, S. "Unique Primes." Math. Mag. 53, 314, 1980.
Referenced on Wolfram|Alpha
Unique Prime
Cite this as:
Weisstein, Eric W. "Unique Prime." From MathWorld--A Wolfram Web Resource. https://mathworld.wolfram.com/UniquePrime.html
Subject classifications | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
New Zealand Rifle Brigade (Earl of Liverpool's Own)
The New Zealand Rifle Brigade (Earl of Liverpool's Own), affectionately known as The Dinks, was formed on 1 May 1915 as the third brigade of the New Zealand Division, part of the New Zealand Expeditionary Force. During the First World War it fought in Egypt, against the Senussi, and then on the Western Front. It was disbanded on 4 February 1919.
Background
Following the outbreak of the First World War, the New Zealand government authorised the formation of the New Zealand Expeditionary Force (NZEF), under the command of Major General Alexander Godley, for service abroad. By October 1914, there were sufficient volunteers to form two brigades, the New Zealand Infantry Brigade and the New Zealand Mounted Brigade. These two formations formed the main body of the NZEF and, together with the Australian 4th Infantry Brigade and the 1st Light Horse Brigade, were the basis of the New Zealand and Australian Division, which fought in the Gallipoli campaign against the Turks.
In the meantime, another regiment of infantry was being raised, with effect from 1 May 1915. This regiment, the precursor to the New Zealand Rifle Brigade (NZRB), was to consist of two infantry battalions and was originally known as the Trentham Regiment (The Earl of Liverpool's Own). The two battalions were placed under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Harry Fulton. Later, as the first two battalions finished its training in New Zealand, the government decided to increase the strength of the regiment by adding two further battalions, thus bringing the regiment up to the size of a brigade. By this time, the Trentham Regiment's designation had been abolished and it was now officially known as the New Zealand Rifle Brigade (Earl of Liverpool's Own).
Formation
The first personnel, the officers and non-commissioned officers, for the first two battalions of what was then the Trentham Regiment arrived at Trentham Camp, near Wellington, in late April 1915 for a period of instruction by staff of the New Zealand Staff Corps, supervised by Fulton. The main body of the regiment, around 2,200 soldiers, arrived at the end of the following month. Over 600 of these were from the Wellington Military District, while Auckland, Canterbury and Otago contributed over 500 soldiers each. In contrast to how the rest of the NZEF had been organised, the regiment had no provincial identity. Instead, battalions and companies had numerical designators. Thus, Fulton took command of 1st Battalion while Lieutenant Colonel Stewart was in charge of 2nd Battalion.
The regiment underwent training for the next few months, disrupted by a move to a camp near Palmerston North after an outbreak of meningitis at Trentham. Poor weather had also affected the camp grounds. In September 1915, an advance party of 50 men from both battalions were dispatched to Egypt via the Suez, with the rest of the two battalions to follow the following month with the 7th Reinforcements on 10 October 1915 aboard the transports Maunganui and Tahiti. Fulton's 1st Battalion arrived at Cairo on 14 November; the Tahiti, carrying the 2nd Battalion, was travelling to Suez via Colombo, and the men it was carrying would not arrive at the camp being set up near Cairo for a few more days.
Egypt
The 1st and 2nd Battalions were attached for duties with the Western Frontier Force, which had been raised to counter a Senussi invasion from Libya. The 1st Battalion fought two actions south-west of Matruh as part of a mixed force (including British, Australians, and Indians), one on Christmas Day, the other on 23 January 1916. Both were successful and broke the back of the invasion.
By December 1915, the much depleted New Zealand and Australian Division had been evacuated from Gallipoli, and was placed in reserve near the Suez Canal. Since the deployment of the main body of the NZEF, the numbers of volunteers had steadily increased to the point that they could no longer be integrated into either of the two existing brigades. In January 1916, the commander of the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force in Egypt, Lieutenant General Sir Archibald Murray, proposed the number of available New Zealand personnel warranted the establishment of a New Zealand infantry division for service on the Western Front. The New Zealand government concurred after Murray provided assurances that there was sufficient NZEF personnel in Egypt to keep the new division up to strength in the short term.
To form the new infantry division, the original New Zealand Infantry Brigade was redesignated as the 1st Infantry Brigade while three battalions of reinforcements already in Egypt, with another inbound, was to form the 2nd Infantry Brigade. The two battalions of the NZRB in transit to Egypt from New Zealand would join the two battalions already in Egypt to form the completed third brigade of the division. The 3rd and 4th duly arrived in mid-March 1916 and after a period of reorganisation the full brigade left Alexandria on 7 April for France.
France
After a period of training the brigade entered the line on 13 May east of Armentières. It participated in the vast majority of the battles of 1916, 1917 and 1918. Notable examples include:
* The brigade's first major offensive was during the Battle of the Somme when it attacked on 15 September as part of the Battle of Flers-Courcelette.
* The Battle of Messines, possibly the most complete Allied victory of the war until late 1918.
* Third Ypres, normally described these days as Passchendaele.
* It was thrown into a gap in the line caused by the German attack, called Operation Michael, on 26 April 1918.
* Finally it fully participated in the Hundred Days Offensive that ultimately culminated inside Germany
Disbandment
The NZRB, as part of the New Zealand Division, formed part of II Corps of the Second Army, assigned to the Army of Occupation on the Rhine. The NZRB made its way to Cologne, where it was to be stationed, on foot, beginning its march from France on 28 November 1918. It arrived at Cologne on 22 December 1918.
Its occupation duties were light, with morning parades and training sessions leaving time in the afternoon for sightseeing. An education programme was implemented although many men were more interested in returning to New Zealand. The NZEF had begun demobilising on 26 December 1918 and by the end of the following month, up to 1,000 personnel were leaving each week for England to catch ships destined for New Zealand. By mid-January 1919, the brigade's normal complement of four battalions had been reduced to two with the final units being disbanded on 4 February 1919.
The brigade was nicknamed The Dinks although its origin is unclear. It is generally understood to be a contraction of "Dinkum", meaning having excellence and quality. The nickname itself appears to date to the arrival of the 2nd Battalion in Egypt. The newly arrived personnel sought to maintain high standards of presentation and drill which the Gallipoli veterans also in Egypt considered to be excessive. They referred to the battalion as "Square Dinkums" but with disrespect, and this was later applied to the brigade as a whole once it had been assembled. Another possibility for the nickname is that following the 1st Battalion's engagement of December 1915 at Mersa Matruh against the Senussi, Gallipoli veterans ironically referred to it as "a fair dinkum fight", comparing to the much more intensive action experienced on the Gallipoli peninsula. Over time, the nickname was shortened to "The Dinks", and the brigade's personnel took pride in it as the nickname began to be used in a more respectful context as it established its reputation on the Western Front.
Commanders
* William Garnett Braithwaite: December 1915 to February 1916;
* Harry Fulton: March 1916 to June 1917; November 1917 to March 1918;
* Herbert Ernest Hart: December 1916 to January 1917; July 1918 to February 1919;
* Francis Earl Johnston: July to August 1917;
* Robert Young: August 1917;
* Hugh Stewart: August to November 1917; July 1918.
The Duke of Connaught was appointed Colonel-in-Chief in 1916.
Mascot
The unit had a Harlequin Great Dane dog called Freda, as a mascot, which died in England in 1918. A marble memorial to the dog can be found on Cannock Chase in Staffordshire.
Model WW1 battlefield
In September 2013, it was reported that Staffordshire County Council would excavate the World War I model battlefield near Brocton, Staffordshire, which had been constructed by German Prisoners of War held in a camp on nearby Cannock Chase and guarded by soldiers of the New Zealand Rifle Brigade (Earl of Liverpool's Own). The model of the village and surrounding area of Messines in Belgium, which included replica trenches and dugouts, railway lines, roads, and accurate contours of the surrounding terrain, would be open to public view for a few weeks before being buried over again to ensure its preservation. The excavation has revealed details of the 40 metre square battlefield which is said to be perfectly preserved. According to the BBC, the "Staffordshire County Council will be using laser-scanning technology to re-create the site as a 3D interactive model that can be explored online."
Honours
Some of the personnel of the New Zealand Rifle Brigade were highly decorated, including two soldiers that were awarded the Victoria Cross; Lance Corporal Samuel Frickleton and Sergeant Harry Laurent. Two of the brigade's commanders, Brigadier Generals Hart and Melvill, were made Companions of the Order of the Bath. In addition, Melvill was appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George along with Brigadier Generals Fulton and Stewart. There were also three appointments to the Order of the British Empire. In addition, the following decorations were awarded to brigade personnel:
* 18 Distinguished Service Orders (including two bars);
* 94 Military Crosses (including five bars);
* 76 Distinguished Conduct Medals (including two bars); and
* 231 Military Medals (including eight bars).
Some 126 individuals were mentioned in dispatches, several more than once. There were also several foreign decorations awarded; there were 21 recipients of the French Croix de Guerre and 16 soldiers received the Belgian equivalent. | WIKI |
Nios® V/II Embedded Design Suite (EDS)
Support for Embedded Development Tools, Processors (SoCs and Nios® V/II processor), Embedded Development Suites (EDSs), Boot and Configuration, Operating Systems, C and C++
12603 Discussions
What's the meaning of "HAL-based operating systems do not support a CPU with an MMU"
Altera_Forum
Honored Contributor II
1,498 Views
I copied a Nios project from another person,after opened that project using NIOS eclipse,I want to build that project,but got 2 errors.
I think it's because the BSP directory is not correct,so i want to assign the *.sopcinfo file in my computer,
When I opened BSP editor and change SOPC information file which was generated by myself,
I got an error:"HAL-based operating systems do not support a CPU with an MMU".
I don't know what mistake I made,Please help me and give me some advices,thanks very much!
0 Kudos
3 Replies
Altera_Forum
Honored Contributor II
668 Views
I think you either need to create a project with a BSP that supports a CPU with MMU (such as Linux) or disable the MMU in the CPU. To do the latter, open your SOPC Builder / QSys project, double click on the CPU and look for the memory options. You should be able to disable the MMU there.
0 Kudos
Altera_Forum
Honored Contributor II
668 Views
Dear Daixiwen,
My OS is CentOS which is a rebuild version of linux.The only difference is I use a virtual machine based on VMware.
Does this lead to unsuccess?
0 Kudos
Altera_Forum
Honored Contributor II
668 Views
Sorry I was talking about the operating system you are running on the Nios CPU, not the one on your PC. IF you are using Eclipse IIRC the only two options you have is no operating system (just the Altera HAL) and uCOS II. None of those options support a CPU with MMU so I think you should configure your Nios CPU without the MMU.
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Reply | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Alstom to Sign Third Supply Contract for Wind Turbines in Brazil
Alstom SA (ALO) , the French maker of power
equipment, is close to signing its third contract in Brazil to
sell wind turbines as the company seeks to capture a greater
share of the country’s expanding wind market. The turbines will be manufactured at Alstom’s factory in
the northeastern state of Bahia once it begins production in
November, Philippe Delleur, president of the company’s Brazil
unit, said today in a telephone interview. Brazil plans to build more than 10,000 megawatts of wind
farms over the next nine years, according to a draft of its
latest 10-year energy plan . Numerous international companies,
including General Electric Co. (GE) and Suzlon Energy Ltd. (SUEL) , are
building factories in the country to provide equipment the
projects will need. “We’ve got ambitious plans,” for the Brazilian wind
market, he said. “We already manufacture hydro turbines there
so we have the connections and personnel.” Alstom, based in Levallois-Perret, France , has signed two
contracts to supply wind turbines in Brazil worth a total 300
million reais ($163 million) with local developers Brasventos SA
and Desenvix SA. Its third contract will be signed with a developer that
sold electricity in a government-organized auction for new power
capacity in August, Delleur said. Brazil has 60 wind farms with total capacity of 1,205
megawatts in operation, according to Brasilia-based electricity
regulator Agencia Nacional de Energia Eletrica. To contact the reporter on this story:
Stephan Nielsen in Sao Paulo at
snielsen8@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Reed Landberg at
landberg@bloomberg.net | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Thirunavukkarasu Kumaran
Thirunavukkarasu Kumaran (born 30 December 1975 in Chennai, Tamil Nadu), also known as 'Kenny' and 'Thiru Kumaran', is an Indian First Class cricketer & Cricket Coach. He is a right-handed batsman and a right-arm medium-pace bowler. He was a member of Indian World Team in the Indian Cricket League Twenty20 competition.
Playing career
Kumaran was a product of the MRF Pace Foundation under the personal training from Dennis Lillee. He also had some training at the Australian Cricket Academy in Adelaide.
Kumaran got selected into the national ODI team after an exception haul of 10 wickets in an Irani Trophy match against Karnataka at Bangalore in the 1999/2000 domestic season.
He was picked for the Australian tour where he performed well in the first-class games prior to the first Test. However Ajit Agarkar was preferred over him to play in the series. He took this disappointment in his stride, but another one followed when he was one of the five players replaced for Carlton & United one-day series.
He performed averagely in the 8 ODI's that he played and was never picked to play for India again. He was one of many medium pacers Indian selectors tried out in the late 90's to lend support to Javagal Srinath and Venkatesh Prasad.
ICL career
He joined the rebel Indian Cricket League during its inception in 2007 and was one of the stand-out performers for the Chennai Superstars. He took an astonishing 6 for 21 on debut – a league record – and also has the best strike (12.69) in the 20-over tournament. However, he accepted the BCCI's amnesty offer and quit the league in 2009, along with a host of other Indian players.
Coaching career
After retiring from playing, Kumaran emigrated to the United States. He was an assistant coach of the U.S. national side (under Robin Singh) at the 2012 WCL Division Four and the 2013 Americas Twenty20 tournaments and was the caretaker coach (in Singh's absence) for 2013 WCL Division Three tournament.
Kumaran coached the national under-19 team at the 2015 Americas Under-19 Championship. , he was a resident of Dallas, Texas. | WIKI |
Lebanese Hezbollah leader says group stronger than ever
BEIRUT (Reuters) - The leader of Lebanon’s Iran-backed Hezbollah, Sayyed Hassan Nasrallah, said on Tuesday his group was stronger than ever and would “very soon” celebrate victory in Syria, where it has been fighting alongside President Bashar al-Assad. Nasrallah was speaking on live television to mark the anniversary of a 2006 war it fought with Israel, which regards Iran as its biggest foe and Hezbollah as the top threat on its borders. “The resistance in Lebanon today, in its possession of weapons and equipment and capabilities and members and cadres and ability and expertise and experience, and also of faith and determination and courage and will, is stronger than at any time since its launch in the region,” Nasrallah said. Israel has repeatedly struck Hezbollah in Syria, where the group and its Iranian ally have played a key military role in fighting rebels alongside Assad’s forces, backed by massive Russian air power. Assad now holds most of Syria, although a swathe of the northwest remains in rebel hands and U.S.-backed Kurdish forces control the quarter of the country east of the Euphrates river. Israel has told Iran it must quit Syria, and said last year it had carried out air strikes there to stop Iranian weapons shipments to Hezbollah. Assad and his allies last month recaptured the area bordering the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights, while avoiding a wider escalation involving Israel, Iran and Hezbollah. Concerns about such an escalation rose sharply in May, when Israel said it had launched its heaviest barrage since the Syrian war began in 2011 at Iranian targets in the country, prompting retaliatory rocket fire in the following days. Reporting By Angus McDowall and Laila Bassam; Editing by Gareth Jones | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
(click image to enlarge)
Following the foundation of the Society of Antiquaries in 1707, artists – both professional and amateur – were greatly encouraged to record the surviving remains of historic buildings. Canterbury was an obvious focus for such activity, as a result of its significance in the development of Christianity in Britain. St Augustine’s Abbey was founded in 598 AD by Augustine himself, the Benedictine monk who had been sent from Rome by Pope Gregory I to convert King Aethelberht and the people of his Kingdom of Kent. Following the dissolution of the monastery in 1538, the buildings were partly demolished and partly converted into a royal residence, which was itself dismantled from 1658, when it came into the possession of the Hales family. An earthquake in 1692 and a storm in 1702 did further damage. Artists who preceded Edward Dayes in making the remains of St Augustine’s their subject include Jonathan Skelton (1757), S H Grimm (1768) and Francis Grose (1775).
A number of dated works suggest that Dayes was working in Canterbury during the mid 1780s. Most notably, his view of St Augustine’s Gate was one of his first two exhibits at the Royal Academy of Arts in 1785, and, in the following year, it was engraved for publication in the series of volumes, The Beauties of England and Wales. The present watercolour shows the eleventh-century St Ethelbert’s Tower, the then remaining portion of the abbey church of St Peter and St Paul, and a window of the Tudor palace, through which can be seen the tower of the nearby cathedral. St Ethelbert’s Tower collapsed on 10 October 1822. In 1844, the site was purchased by Alexander Hope, who helped establish a missionary college on part of it. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Paul Richardson (organist)
Paul Richardson (1932 – October 2, 2006) was the home field organist for the Philadelphia Phillies from 1970 to 2005.
In 1980 when the Phillies won the World Series, Richardson was awarded a World Series ring alongside the players.
Richardson also played organ for the New York Yankees (owned by his friend George Steinbrenner) from 1978 to 1983 when the Phillies were on the road.
He is credited with popularizing the use of the "Charge!" fanfare in sports games, and with being the first to play a theme song for each player as they stepped up to the plate.
Once a staple of Phillies games, Richardson's organ music was heard much less frequently from the mid-1990s on, as pre-recorded ("canned") music became more prevalent. When the team moved into Citizens Bank Park in 2004, Richardson was not given a booth, and was seen only before games on the Ashburn Alley outfield concourse. A recording of his version of Take Me Out to the Ballgame was used for the seventh-inning stretch. This diminished role combined with health problems and no longer having a place where he could see the game were factors in Richardson announcing his retirement prior to the 2006 season.
On October 2, 2006, Richardson died after a long battle with prostate cancer. The Phillies paid tribute to him prior to their 2007 home opener and also during the seventh-inning stretch of that game. | WIKI |
Page:Sassoon, Siegfried - Counter-Attack and Other Poems (1918).djvu/22
O my brave brown companions, when your souls Flock silently away, and the eyeless dead Shame the wild beast of battle on the ridge, Death will stand grieving in that field of war Since your unvanquished hardihood is spent. And through some mooned Valhalla there will pass Battalions and battalions, scarred from hell; The unreturning army that was youth; The legions who have suffered and are dust. | WIKI |
Can Braces Cause Your Gums to Become Infected?
man scared at dentist - Idaho Falls orthodontist
Getting the smile of your dreams is just one of the many benefits than orthodontic treatments, such as braces can help you to achieve. Aside from straightening your smile, braces can adjust malocclusions such as overbites, underbites, and crossbites which can all lead to numerous health issues down the road if not corrected properly. However, getting any type of braces, such as ceramic, Damon braces, metal and even invisible aligners, will require that you change some of your oral hygiene habits, as well as some of the food you eat and your habits in order to avoid issues like broken brackets or worse infected gums.
Swollen gums are almost synonymous with braces. When you first get them put on and every appointment that they are tightened, there will be some pressure. Most of the time this is because your mouth is still getting used to you wearing this new “hardware”. Even though swollen gums seem to go hand-in-hand with braces, there are some tips your Falls orthodontist will give you in order to relieve your swollen gums and avoid the possibility of getting infected gums. Below you’ll find information about why braces cause swollen gums that may lead to them becoming infected, alongside tips and treatment plans to help tackle this issue.
Why Do Braces Cause Your Gums to Swell?
Closeup portrait young terrified girl woman scared at dentist visit, siting in chair, covering her mouth, doesn't want dental procedure, drilling, tooth extraction, isolated clinic office background
According to Mayo Clinic, as your teeth are repositioned, either during your first appointment or subsequent “re-adjustment” appointments, new bone is formed and old bone dissolves. This causes tension and pressure, which many of us associate with braces when we first get them. Additionally, this can cause the gums to swell when braces are tightened by your Idaho Falls orthodontist. This is normal. But swollen gums that last longer than a week after just getting your braces or having them adjusted may be a sign that your gums are infected.
Besides gum infection, braces can cause some people to develop what is known as hyperplasia or hypertrophy which causes the cells of the gums to overproduce, resulting in swollen or enlarged gums. This condition can occur due to the presence of braces or it may be caused by medicine and can even be inherited. If this occurs speak with your Idaho Falls orthodontist about the various treatment options that are available for you.
Are Braces The Cause of Infected Gums?
Yes and no. While braces aren’t the direct cause of infected gums also known as gingivitis (which can lead to periodontal disease) they can be a key player in their formation. Braces add an additional element to the surface of the teeth from the ceramic or metal bracket and can make it difficult to get in between teeth because of the wires that hold them together across your teeth. These factors make it much harder to remove plaque. This plaque and any build up of food can cause the gums to become infected leaving your gums irritated and swollen. Unfortunately, hormones during puberty in girls and even during pregnancy can cause an increase in gum swelling, even if the orthodontic oral hygiene habits are followed exactly. For this reason, it’s best to avoid (if possible) getting braces during this time in a person’s life.
Idaho Falls Orthodontic Tips for Swollen Gums
From certain foods to avoid, pain management and proper oral hygiene habits, the following tips from your orthodontist, will hopefully help you avoid long-term swollen or infected gums while you wear your braces.
Oral Hygiene Habits
cartoon of tooth holding toothbrush giving a thumbs up
To avoid infected gums with braces due to poor hygiene habits, follow this routine:
• Use a soft toothbrush to clean your teeth daily. Preferably in the morning and before you go to bed for at least two minutes.
• Floss when you brush your teeth and between your teeth. While flossing can be much more difficult with braces, it’s almost more important than when you don’t have braces to floss! When you get your braces, your Idaho Falls orthodontist will show you the right way to floss and even give you special orthodontic floss threaders to make it easier for you to floss.
• Floss after each meal and gently brush if necessary.
• Massage your gums gently with a soft bristled brush.
• Wash your mouth out with fluoride mouth rinse or saltwater if mouthwash only increases your gum irritation.
Lifestyle Habits
In addition to adhering to the above oral hygiene habits, there are some lifestyle habits such as diet and smoking or using tobacco products that may need to be changed and/or avoided. These include:
• Change your diet. If you’re eating hard or crunchy foods often, this can lead to gum irritation and even injury. Try limiting or avoiding hard food and opting for softer foods while you’re wearing braces or at least while your gums are more sensitive.
• Avoid smoking cigarettes or using other tobacco products such as chewing tobacco, as these products are specifically linked to gum disease.
Pain Management
Although, lifestyle changes and proper oral hygiene can help to reduce and even get rid of infected gums caused by braces, you may need something that manages the pain immediately! Below is a list of home remedies that you can use to alleviate some of the pain. If for some reason these don’t work, consult with your doctor to see if there are other options available to you.
• Apply an ice pack to the outside of your mouth/affected area. Make sure to put a barrier like a thin towel between the ice pack and your skin.
• According to LiveStrong, drinking cold water can help to reduce some of the swelling. Even sucking on ice chips is a good idea.
• Over-the-counter pain medication and anti-inflammatory medicine such as Ibuprofen can be taken to reduce gum irritation.
• Topical anesthetics, such as Orajel can be used for fast pain relief and are applied directly to the gums.
If for any reason, you’re still not seeing any progress or reduction of swelling and/or irritation in your gums, contact your Idaho Falls orthodontist. We want to help you create the smile you’ve always wanted, with the least amount of pain as possible. You can also speak with your orthodontist about other orthodontic treatments, such as invisible aligners if you have had issues with infected or irritated gums in the past. Swollen gums shouldn’t keep you from getting a beautiful smile. Schedule a free consultation to see what is the best option for you and how Randall Orthodontics can help.
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Dougal Goodman
Dougal Jocelyn Goodman is a British scientist, and was Chief Executive of the Foundation for Science and Technology during 2000–2018.
Goodman studied at Christ's College, Cambridge and researched the mechanical properties of ice at the Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge under Professor David Tabor. In 1980 he worked for BP managing a research programme on the effects of ice forces on offshore structures, later becoming head of safety for the company. From 1995 to 2000 he was a Deputy Director of the British Antarctic Survey responsible for the science undertaken by the UK Antarctic Programme, and was awarded the Polar Medal. His interests are polar history and development of arctic areas as well as walking from Coulags Croft in Coulags in the highlands of Scotland.
He was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2012 Birthday Honours for services to science. | WIKI |
. is consistent with how Java uses the extends and implements keywords. "extends" UML generalization / specialization relationship; "implements" UML realization The sub-interface is a specialization of the super-interface, not a realization of it. See http://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?p29224&seqNum2.
Object-Orientated Design and Programming Unit 9: Abstract Classes and Interfaces In this section we are going to introduce the concept of abstract classes and illustrate In UML, the name of an abstract class is written in an italic font. This class contains one abstract method called calculatePay, it is written in a italic font.
Want to start using UML for technical documentation? This article will introduce (or give you a refresher) on the different UML number of UML diagrams, but in actuality, UML standards identify 13 types of and this UML diagram can visualize all possible states and the way the object transitions from one state to the next.
This page describes the elements of the UML that I expect my students to know. the class name; the middle contains the fields; the bottom contains the methods. Consider the following Java class definition, a ridiculously-designed example that Static members in class diagrams are underlined, and abstract elements are.
A class diagram describes classes and their attributes, constructors and methods as well as the connections between classes. However a class diagram tells us nothing about the implementation of the constructors or the methods. Therefore a class diagram describes the structure of an object but not its functionality.
A Comprehensive UML Class Diagram tutorial written for everyone who want to learn about Class Diagram. Read this UML classes,; their attributes,; operations (or methods),; and the relationships among objects. An abstract class name is shown in italics. The figure below shows an example of simple association.
Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software (1994) is a software They use inheritance to compose interfaces and define ways to compose objects to obtain In an interview with InformIT in 2009, Erich Gamma stated that the book authors had a Design pattern implementation in Java and AspectJ.
This article considers the two Is of UML class diagrams: inheritance and interfaces. the Payment class and represent two different methods of payment. and those used in directed UML association relationships. Thankfully, the ease in which inheritance trees can be viewed in UML also makes it easy.
Class Diagram helps construct the code for the software application This modeling method can run with almost all Object-Oriented Methods. Aggregation is a special type of association that models a whole- part ATMs system is very simple as customers need to press some Execute Java Online
Class diagrams enable us to model software in a high level of abstraction and Classes in a class diagram correspond with classes in the source code. In a class diagram, we list the constructor (and all other methods) below the attributes.
Here's the UML notation for two interfaces and three implementing classes: This includes the declared operation, record, as well as the four inherited operations. Java provides special notation for declaring and implementing interfaces:.
Here's the UML notation for two interfaces and three implementing classes: Java provides special notation for declaring and implementing interfaces: interface This can lead to code replication when a variable or method is common to all.
Introduction Informit. Overview Of The the Unified Process featuring UML, Java and Design. PatternsThe Introduction Informit. UML 2 and the identification is an interface that is based on understand the proper uses of inheritance and.
optional extensive OOD/UML 2 case study on developing and implementing the software OF: Classes, Objects, Encapsulation, Inheritance, Polymorphism, Interfaces, http://ptgmedia.pearsoncmg.com/imprint_downloads/informit/bookreg/.
Learn about types of UML diagrams and UML symbols. Learn With SmartDraw, You Can Create More than 70 Different Types of Diagrams, Charts, and Visuals. Learn more about how to build a class diagram without drawing at all using.
Java Fundamentals Live Lessons at Informit. Informit. Add your review menus with JFrames JPopupMenu Pluggable look-and-feel Multiple-document interfaces IntroductionInheritance hierarchy UML class diagramsCreating and using a.
Get to know all 14 UML diagram types with the help of examples. The guide includes images for all types of UML diagrams so you can quickly identify them. Behavioral diagrams show what should happen in a system.
It helps us provide an overall structure of the software and the flow of instructions. Ideally, there are different UML diagram types that can be drawn under all kinds.
In software engineering, a class diagram in the Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a type of static structure diagram that describes the structure of a system by.
23.3.2 Multiple Inheritance with Abstract Interfaces 531. Point of Departure Part I contains an introduction to C++, UML, and the Qt core. This part is designed.
Static members in class diagrams are underlined, and abstract elements are italicized. Here is another code and diagram example. public abstract class Example2.
For example consider the. UML class diagram of the figure. The arrow in the Professor-Course association means that having a professor instance we can query it.
The inheritance relationships in UML match up very closely with inheritance in Java. Generalization: A class extends another class. For example, the Book class.
If you have an abstract class or method, the UML convention is to italicize the name of the abstract item. Interfaces and Abstract Class: An Example from Java.
Drawing classes. The basic element in a class diagram is a class. In UML, each class is drawn as a rectangle. At minimum, the rectangle must include the class.
UML Class Diagram. The class diagram depicts a static view of an application. It represents the types of objects residing in the system and the relationships.
The UML stands for Unified modeling language, is a standardized general-purpose visual modeling language in the field of Software Engineering. It is used for.
A UML diagram is a diagram based on the UML (Unified Modeling Language) with the purpose of visually representing a system along with its main actors, roles.
Consider, for example, the following sentence: A dog is an animal. We can create a. Conceptual UML diagram that respresents this sentence. (See Figure 1-1.).
Consider, for example, the following sentence: A dog is an animal. We can create a. Conceptual UML diagram that respresents this sentence. (See Figure 1-1.).
Class diagram depicts the static structure of the system. Programming simple associations abstract method does (implement it), otherwise they will also be.
Class diagram describes the attributes and operations of a class and also the constraints imposed on the system. The class diagrams are widely used in the.
Using a unified modeling language ensures that class diagrams drawn by different However a class diagram tells us nothing about the implementation of the.
The UML Class diagram is a graphical notation used to construct and visualize object oriented systems. A class diagram in the Unified Modeling Language.
. in Java. UML Class Diagram Basics Java. ▻ etc. ▻ Could everyone checkout and commit the. HW1 project? Implementing simple data structures (lists).
UML Practical Guide - All you need to know about UML modeling; Purpose of UML; Modeling Architecture Views using UML; 14 Type of Diagrams in UML 2.
Object-oriented concepts were introduced much earlier than UML. In this phase, the design is implemented using OO languages such as Java, C++, etc.
Since classes are the building block of an application that is based on OOPs, so as the class diagram has an appropriate structure to represent.
A Class Diagram in Software engineering is a static structure that gives to map object-oriented programming languages like Java, C++, Ruby,.
My own exam is coming this week. The question is to roughly translate this UML diagram into a Java code, it does not have to be a part of.
Example of UML Class Diagram. Creating a class diagram is a straightforward process. It does not involve many technicalities. Here, is an.
Interfaces. The second I in UML class diagrams are interfaces. The Java programming language also has a concept called an interface that,.
Planning and modeling ahead of time make programming much easier. Besides that, making changes to class diagrams is easy, whereas coding.
Benefits of UML: Simplifies complex software design, can also implement OOPs like a concept that is widely used. It reduces thousands of.
Explaining what all the different shapes on a diagram mean to a new audience could take some time. Standards like UML only require that.
I tend to use sequence diagrams and ER diagrams the most (yes - I know ER diagrams aren't UML but they're roughly analogous to class.
How can UML can be used to graphically describe the extends and implements keywords of the Java programming language? In this second.
Making amazing UML diagrams doesn't have to be difficult. In this article, we'll tell you everything you need to know. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
The Great Movies
The Great Movies is the name of several publications, both online and in print, from Roger Ebert, the American film critic and columnist for The Chicago Sun-Times. The object was, as Ebert put it, to "make a tour of the landmarks of the first century of cinema", by writing essays on films Ebert considered particularly well-made, important or influential.
The Great Movies was published as four books:
* The Great Movies, published in November 2003 (544 pages, Three Rivers Press, ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>385)
* The Great Movies II published in February 2006 (517 pages, Three Rivers Press, ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>869)
* The Great Movies III, published in October 2011 (440 pages, University of Chicago Press, ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>094)
* The Great Movies IV, published in September 2016 (288 pages, University of Chicago Press, ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>984) | WIKI |
Python loops explained
Python loops explained
Chris Bongers
·May 24, 2021·
2 min read
Listen to this article
Besides the Python data types I've walked through just the other day, loops are an essential part of programming.
Today we'll be looking at loops in Python, and there are two types I'll explain in this article.
• For loop
• While loop
Python loops explained
Python for loop
Let me first show you how a basic for loop in Python looks:
for x in y:
# Do something
Based on this example, you can already see it translates to: For each element X inside of statement Y, Evaluate a code block.
Let's say we have a list with animals and would like to print each animal.
animals = ["cat", "dog", "penguin", "tiger"]
for animal in animals:
print(animal)
This will result in:
cat
dog
penguin
tiger
We can also use the range to loop x amount of times. Let's say we want to make a loop go four times.
for item in range(4):
print("Happy Birthday")
Wil print out:
Happy Birthday
Happy Birthday
Happy Birthday
Happy Birthday
Python while loop
Besides the for loop, there is also the option to loop while a certain condition is met.
The basics for a while loop are like this:
while x == True:
# Do something
With that, we say while X is true, you must keep executing this code block. If we actually used the code above, we would, however, build an infinite loop.
So let's make a basic while loop and break it after the first run, so it only executes once
foo = True
while foo == True:
print("Foo is true")
foo = False
print("Foo is false now!")
And this code block will return the following:
Foo is true
Foo is false now!
You've seen the range option, but we could also use a while loop for that.
number = 2
while number < 5:
print("Still smaller")
number = number + 1
This gives us:
Still smaller
Still smaller
Still smaller
And there, you have the basics of two versions to loop code blocks in Python.
Thank you for reading, and let's connect!
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ADVANCE-RUMELY THRESHER COMPANY, INCORPORATED, a Corporation, Appellant, v. PETER GEYER et al., Respondents.
(168 N. W. 731.)
Promissory note — transfer of — for value — consideration — due course — — separate corporations — same general purpose — organized for — agency — evidence.
1. Evidence examined and considered and held to show that the plaintiff did not take a certain $810 negotiable promissory note in due course of business for value without'notice, it having taken and received the note from M. Rumely Company, who did not take said note in due course of business for value without notice; it appearing from the testimony that Rumely Products Company and M. Rumely Company though separate corporations are organized for the same general purpose, to wit, the placing in the hands of the purchasers, the actual users thereof, certain farm machinery manufactured by M. Rumely Company, of which the Rumely Products Company, under all the testimony, appears to be a selling agency of the M. Rumely Company, and for all general purposes so far as the public is concerned are one and the same concern.
Corporations — legal entity — general rule — two corporations — organized for same general purpose — community of interest — form of corporation — court will loot through — substance of — individuals — right of action — redress — impaired or abridged — remedies and relief — granting — corporate character will not prevent.
2. Corporations as a general rule will be considered a legal entity; but where two or more corporations having to some extent a similarity of name and which appear to be organized for the accomplishment of the same general purpose, and there is some appearance of a community of interest, such as where one of the corporations is the manufacturing corporation and the other corporation is organized to sell the manufactured products, turning in the proceeds of the sale to the manufacturing corporation, the court will look through the form of the corporation to its substance; and if it appear to be organized so that public convenience could be defeated, or the right of action or redress of individuals or others against the corporation could be prevented, its corporate character in and of itself will not prevent the exercise of proper remedies and granting proper relief where it appears clearly that the party applying for remedy and relief is clearly entitled thereto.
Opinion filed June 3, 1918.
Petition for rehearing denied June 19, 1918.
Appeal from the District Court of Towner County, North Dakota, Honorable C. W. Buttz, Judge.
Judgment of the trial court modified, with costs.
S. R. Turner and Ba-rnett & Richardson, for appellant.
Every holder of a negotiable instrument is deemed prima facie to be a holder in due course, unless the title of the holder is shown to be defective, as defined by the Code.
There is no claim here that the title of plaintiff is defective. Civ. Code, §§ 6940, 6944.
In the purchase of machinery where there is a written warranty and also provisions as to giving notice by the purchaser, upon which the warranty is based, his failure to give the notice as required by the contract is conclusive against his right to rely on the warranty. Eahey v. Machinery Có. 3 N. D. 220; Case- Co v. Ebbinghausen, 11 N. D. 466; Gould Co. v. Herold, 26 N. D. 287, 292; Nichols v. Knowles (Minn.) 18 N. W. 413; Murray v. Russell, 67 Pac. 421.
Notice to the agent from whom the machine was received is not notice to the company, as provided in the contract, and does not constitute a compliance with its provisions in such respect. Fahey v. Machinery Co. 3 N. D. 220, 224; Case Co. v. Ebbinghausen, 11 N. D. 466; Gould Co. v. Herold, 26 N. D. 287.
Where the agent sends out experts of his own selection, and without authority from the managing office so to do, such acts do not constitute a waiver of the stipulation as to giving notice. Mfg. Co. v. Lincoln, 4 N. D. 410.
Flynn & Traynor, for respondents.
A failure to give notice of defect in machinery bought or that it fails to work as required by the contract or order for the machinery does not constitute a waiver of the warranty contained in the contract. 50 L.R.A.(N.S.) 754.
“One who 'manufactures an article under an order for a particular purpose warrants by the sale that it is reasonably fit for that purpose.” Comp. Laws 1913, § 5980.
Under the sale of such property with a warranty, the purchaser has a reasonable time after- such purchase to ascertain whether or not the property complies with the warranty, and whether there are defects or breaches of the warranty, and what is a reasonable time is always a question for the jury, under the circumstances of each case. Comp. Laws 1913, §§ 5991-5993.
“It is a well-settled rule that an agent having power and authority to sell a machine under a contract which contains conditions for the benefit of the seller has authority to bind his principal by a waiver of such conditions.” First Nat. Bank v. Duteher (Iowa) 104 N. W. 197; McCormick v. Brower, 88 Iowa, 614, 55 N. W. 537; Osborne v. Bavker, 81 Iowa, 375, 47 N. W. 70; Peterson v. Machine Co. 97 Iowa, 148, 59 Am. St. Rep. 399, 66 N. W. 96; Harrison v. Russel] & Co. (Idaho) 87 Pac. 784.
Appellant was not a holder of the note, for value, in due course and without notice. All defenses are still available.
Grace, J.
Appeal from the district court of Towner county, North Dakota, Honorable O. "W. Buttz, Judge.
This is an action to recover the balance claimed to be due upon a promissory note by the plaintiff, which claims to be the holder in due course of such note, and also to foreclose a chattel mortgage given to secure such note. The complaint is in the ordinary form and alleges cause of action on the note, and contains proper allegations asking for the foreclosure of the chattel mortgage given to secure such note. Answer admits the execution of the note and mortgage referred to in the complaint, and further, by way of defense, alleges that the note was given for the purchase price of certain plows and equipment, and sets out a warranty by the seller upon which defendants allege they relied. Answer further sets forth that the plows were unfit for plowing, and that said warranty had never been fulfilled. The breach of warranty is fully pleaded in the ordinary way. Answer further sets out that the plaintiff and the seller and all the assignors and indorsees mentioned in the complaint are one and the same person or party, and that said Rumely organization under its various names is one and the same concern, and its reorganization under its various names is and has been accomplished in part at least for the purpose and with a view to defeat the legitimate defenses and claims of the defendants and others in like circumstances who have had dealings with the said organizations; and defendants specifically allege that said note was not in the usual course of business and for value duly sold and indorsed to M. Rumely Company before maturity, and that said M. Rumely Company had not become the owner and holder of said note before maturity thereof in the usual course of business for value, and without notice, and that the same is true with reference to the plaintiff’s ownership, and that all of the obligations of the seller were, at all times, assumed by the plaintiff and their assignors; and defendant pleads a total failure of consideration of said note, and makes a tender of the property described in the complaint to the plaintiff, and also alleges that the plows and machinery so purchased were wholly worthless. Defendant further alleges with reference to the two payments made upon such note of $100 each, that they were made under a promise and agreement that the plaintiff would make good the warranty, and that this plaintiff has failed and refused to do, and defendant demands payments for $200, with interest. Facts in the case are as follows:
Hansboro Hardware & Implement Company, located in Hansboro, North Dakota, are engaged in the hardware and implement business, and sold to the defendants the plows and plowing outfit, under consideration for which, on the 22d day of May, 1912, the defendants executed and. delivered to the Rumely Products Company the note in question for $810, with interest at 8 per cent, and at the same time the defendants, Peter Geyer and Victor Geyer, executed to the Rumely Products Company the chattel mortgage upon the following property: One 10-bottom, 14-inch Oliver engine gang plow with stubble bottoms; five 14-inch breaker bottoms, ten 14-inch stubble shares, and five '14-inch- breaker shares.
M. Rumley Company was an Indiana corporation organized in 1887 and was a manufacturing corporation. The Rumely Products Company was organized under the laws of New York in 1912 for the purpose of selling the manufactured products of the M. Rumely Company and others. The Advance Rumely Thresher Company was incorporated in September, 1915, and was a New York corporation, and took over or purchased $6,000,000 worth of the assets of the- M. Rumely Company, which had become insolvent and went into the hands of a receiver, and the assets of the insolvent company were largely taken over or purchased by the Rumely Products Company from M. Rumely Company and its receiver, and with the property taken over or purchased was the note upon which suit is brought.
One payment of $100 was made on December 5, 1912, and another payment of $100 was made November 25, 1914. Each payment was made to a collector of the M. Rumely Company. Defendants claim that payments were made with the understanding had and promise made at the time the payments were made that the plows would be made good. Defendant testifies that he would not have made the $100 payments except for the promise to make the plows good, and the same condition is claimed as to the execution of the last chattel mortgage in March, 1915.
Among other findings of fact which the court made, there is the following:
“That during all of said negotiations the said Rumely Products ‘Company, M. Rumely Company, Advance-Rumely Thresher Company, and Finley P. Mount, as receiver of M. Rumely Company, was designated in all conversations by such terms as “the Rumely concern,” and the said defendants were not, during said times, apprised of any change in the corporation or corporation name, but dealt, at all times, with the Rumely people or Rumely Company or Rumely concern with the understanding and belief that they were dealing with the same people at all times, and the said Rumely Products Company, M. Rumely Company, Finley P. Mount as receiver of the M. Rumely Company, and the Advance-Rumely Thresher Company, were each and all of them responsible for the impression given to the defendants that they were, at all times, the same concern and, at all times, each and all of said corporations and said receiver through their duly authorized agents assumed the position that it or he was the first original seller and entitled to all rights of the original seller and assuming all liabilities thereof; that the said last-mentioned chattel mortgage, dated March 30, 1915, was under date of August 14, 1916, assigned by Finley P. Mount, receiver of M. Rumely Company, to Advance Rumely Thresher Company, incorporated.”
The foregoing finding of fact means that the Rumely Products Company, M. Rumely Company, and Advance-Rumely Thresher Company, so far as the rights of defendant are concerned, are to be considered the same concern. We are of the opinion that the finding of fact is correct, at least as to the Rumely Products Company and M. Rumely Company being, in effect, one and the same corporation; for if the Rumely Products Company was organized for the purpose of purchasing and marketing the products of the M. Rumely Company, even though it purchased and marketed the products of other concerns, the Rumely Products Company and the M. Rumely Company were, in effect, one concern. The M. Rumely Company manufactured certain articles of machinery or certain machinery. It is evident that the mere manufacture of the machinery did not terminate the object for which such corporation was organized. The machinery which it manufactured had to be marketed, and if the Rumely Products Company, a corporation, was organized for the specific purpose of marketing such machinery of the Rumely Company as it manufactured, the marketing process was equally as important a part of the business as the manufacture of the machinery, and the specific purpose of the Rumely Products Company being that of selling the articles manufactured by the M. Rumely Company, the conclusion is irresistible that they were really, in effect, one company though operated under separate names and possibly with entirely distinct stockholders. The appellant, in his brief, uses the following language: It concedes that the Rumely Products Company was organized for the purpose of purchasing and marketing the products of the M. Rumely Company and other products. “The undisputed facts in the case show that the Hansboro Hardware & Implement Company, Hansboro, North Dakota, were the local agents of the Rumely Products Company, a New York corporation organized January 25, 1912. This corporation toas organized for the purpose of purchasing and marketing the products of vwrious corporations, among which Was the M. Rumely Company, an entirely distinct corporation, organized in Indiana in 1887. The uncontradicted testimony was that there was no connection whatever between the Rumely Products Company and the M. Rumely Company, and that all the officers and directors of the two corporations were separate and distinct.”
The above language concedes that the Rumely Products Company was organized for the purpose of purchasing and marketing the products of M. Rumely Company. It is also further shown and must be conceded that there was an arrangement between the M. Rumely Company and the Rumely Products Company whereby the Rumely Products Company might turn into the M. Rumely Company the note or evidence of indebtedness which the Rumely Products Company received for the machinery of the M. Rumely Company which it was engaged in selling.
This is more clearly shown by the testimony of George C. Aldrich, witness on behalf of the plaintiffs. He testified by deposition.
The following question was asked him:
Q. Please state if you know the relations between the M. Rumely Company and Rumely Products Company.
A. M. Rumely Company was a manufacturing corporation organized under the laws of the state of Indiana, and in the fall of 1911 increased its capital stock, bought out some other companies engaged in the same business, and thereafter confined itself strictly to manufacture. Rumely Products Company was a corporation organized by some gentlemen wholly independent of M. Rumely Company for the purpose of purchasing and marketing the products made by M". Rumely Company, and products made by other manufacturing concerns, and, in the selling arrangement between M. Rumely Company and Rumely Products Company, it was agreed that Rumely Products Company might pay to M. Rumely Company a pant of its obligations arising to M. Rumely Company by reason of the purchase of its goods in good and collectable farmers’ notes which Rumely Products Company might receive in the usual course of its business, and the note in suit was sold and delivered by Rumely Products Company pursuant to that arrangement.
It would seem from the foregoing that the organization and business of the M. Rumely Company and Rumely Products Company served to accomplish the same purpose, to wit, the manufacture and sale of certain articles, conceded to be mostly farm machinery; this was the general purpose of the business as a whole. The organization of the Rumely Products Company was only an element to assist in carrying out the purposes of the M. Rumely Company and to facilitate and assist in the marketing of the articles manufactured by the M. Rumely Company, and was, in effect, a part of the same business. If the M. Rumely Company and Rumely Products Company were doing their respective parts for the purpose of accomplishing the purposes of the general business, they were, so far as the public is concerned, one and the same party. If it is a fact that the stockholders and directors of the M. Rumely Company and the Rumely Products Company are entirely separate and distinct, this fact alone, so far as the public is concerned, does not make them absolutely independent concerns if the results and whole compass of their work and the effect of the organizations is to accomplish one purpose.
It is not difficult to see, under such an arrangement as claimed by the plaintiff, that the public and the people who deal with concerns organized in the manner claimed for the M. Rumely Company and Rumely Products Company could have no recourse against them or either of them for breach of warranty of machinery purchased from such concern, or for any other cause of action, for the reason that M. Rumely Company would claim that it sold machinery outright to the Rumely Products Company, therefore was under obligations to no one excepting the Rumely Products Company, while the Rumely Products Company, immediately upon taking good negotiable paper for the machinery, would immediately indorse it to the M. Rumely Company before maturity, and thus the M. Rumely Company would take shelter under the familiar rule of negotiable paper, that it took it in the ordinary course of business before maturity for value. Under such an .arrangement, the public who deal with such concerns would be left helpless and would have no recourse for any cause of action against .such concerns.
The time has passed, or at least is swiftly passing, when courts are confined, in their analysis, to the mere form and entity of the corporation. Courts will look upon the corporation as a legal entity until sufficient reason arises to look beyond the mere form and entity of the corporation. If the corporation is so organized that it can be used to defeat the rights of innocent parties, defeat public convenience, or cut off the right of redress, or of action against it or against other corporations of which it is, in effect, an agent, a court of equity will look through the form of the corporation and examine the substance of it, .and if several corporations are organized for a common purpose, it will look through the forms of all such corporations to the substance thereof; and the fact that several corporations are organized to carry nut a common purpose will not prevent redress to an injured party, though the corporation which causes the injury or loss claims to have no connection with the general purpose for which the principal corporation is organized. Its legal entity will not alone protect it.
Authorities which, to some extent, express a similar principle, are as follows: J. J. McCaskill Co. v. United States, 216 U. S. 504, 54 L. ed. 590, 30 Sup. Ct. Rep. 386; Re Rieger, 157 Fed. 609; United States v. Milwaukee Refrigerator Transit Co. 142 Fed. 247; First Nat. Rank v. F. C. Trebin Co. 59 Ohio St. 316, 52 N. E. 834; Coupon Corporation, § 664.
As we view this matter, the M. Rumely Company and Rumely Products Company, while conceding they may be organized separately, having separate stockholders and officers, they are, so far as the public is concerned and those dealing with them, in effect, one concern. That the Rumely Products Company was no more than a selling agency of the M. Rumely Company, that the purpose of the two corporations was a common one, that is, to place in the hands of the actual purchasers for use certain machinery with the understanding and agreement that the Rumely Products Company could turn over the paper it took from the purchaser of the machinery to M. Rumely Company, — all of which simply facilitated the placing on the market of the machinery manufactured by the M. Rumely Company, which was the purpose of its organization.
Under such circumstances we must hold that the paper, the negotiable instrument in question, turned over by the Rumely Products Company to the M. Rumely Company, was not taken in due course, but that the turning over in such manner was, in effect, the same as if taken directly by the M. Rumely Company, and it is subject to all •defenses as it would have been in the hands of the Rumely Products Company. It must be held, under these circumstances, the hi. Rumely Company was not a purchaser in due course without notice and for value, of the paper in question, and having turned it over to the Advance-Rumely Thresher Company after maturity, the Advance-Rumely Thresher Company took it subject to all the defenses which might have been made against the paper in the hands of the M. Rumely Company. It is not necessary to go into an analysis of the corporation which is denominated the Advance-Rumely Thresher Company, as it is not material in this action. Whether the plow in question was manufactured by the M. Rumely Company is not material. The note given for the plows was turned in to the M. Rumely Company. It must be presumed that the Rumely Products Company received the machinery in question from the M. Rumely Company, otherwise it would not have turned in the note as payment therefor. At any rate, under the arrangement between M. Rumely Company and Rumely Products Company which we have before outlined, the M. Rumely Company could not become a purchaser in due course for value without notice, so as to be relieved from any cause of action arising or defenses to be made by reason of the sale of any machinery by the Rumely Products Company.
Referring to the warranty, the plaintiff claims that there is no breach of the warranty. It is claimed there was no showing made that the plows were not made of good material, and no substantial proof adduced that the plows did not do as good work under the same conditions as any other plows of the same size and rated capacity, made for the same purpose. The plaintiff, in his brief, uses the following language: “There is not a word of testimony in the record, that other machinery of the same size and rated capacity, made for the same purpose under the same conditions, would or did work any better than the plows in question. Indeed, there was no attempt to offer any proof with respect to any other machinery of a similar kind whatsoever.”
We do not believe such is the proper construction to be placed upon that portion of the warranty. That language really means, and we believe would be understood by the purchaser to mean, that the plows will actually do the work for which they were intended and constructed; and the statement in the warranty, that the plows would do as good work under the same condition as any other plows of the same size for the same purpose, is a warranty of the working quality of the plows in question, and holds out the meaning that the plows are properly constructed mechanically and thus will do the work. Otherwise, the warranty would be practically meaningless and of little effect, and it would be absurd to hold, under such a warranty, that a person who bought the plows in question would have to go about testing other and different kinds and makes of plows to determine their capacity to do good work and then make note of all those tests and conditions, then make a test of the plows in question, then compare the work of the plows in question with the work performed by the other and different plows which were tested. If a plow is made of good material,.if it is properly constructed and built, if it is mechanically correct, it should do the work for which it was built and intended; and if it does not do the work for which it was constructed and intended, then, as a plow, it is of little value, and to the purchaser would be practically worthless. Presumably the reason the purchaser bought the plow and gave his note therefor was to get a plow that would do the work, and the testimony is' quite conclusive that this plow would not do the work for which it was constructed. The plow in question was warranted to be made of good material and, with good care and proper use and management, to do as good work as other plows of like size and capacity made for the same purpose.
The defendants could not make the plows work, nor did the experts seem to remedy the trouble or do anything which would cause the plows to do the work for which they were constructed. If the testimony is to be believed, the plow was really worthless, and it was not necessary to make a comparison between the working qualities of this plow and other plows of different makes of the same size and rated capacity, to determine the failure of the plows in question to do good work in accordance with its capacity and size, and, as we before stated, the reasonable construction to be placed upon the language as a whole is that the plow, if made of good material and properly constructed, should do the work for which it is constructed; and we think the real meaning of the warranty is that the plow is warranted to do good work within its capacity and size.
There is no merit in the point that notice of the defects and breach of warranty was not served in proper time or upon the proper party. It is properly served, if such notice of defects or breach of warranty is served within a reasonable time upon the person who negotiated the sale of the property, concerning which the breach of warranty is alleged, or who made delivery of such property. Sections 5991 and 5992, Compiled Laws 1913, fully cover these questions. Section 5993 provides that any provisions in any written order or contract of sale or other contract, which is contrary to any of the provisions of this act, shall be void. Said act includes the sections we have quoted. Said act remains in full force and effect.
It is not shown that the Advance-Eumely Thresher Company received any part of the two $100 payments that were made upon the note in question. The payments having been made to the M. Eumely Company before the note in question was turned over to the Advance-Eumely Thresher Company, it must be assumed, in the absence of testimony to the contrary, that the M. Eumely Company retained the $200 so paid. If the defendants have any remedy by which to recover the said $200, it would not be against the Advance-Eumely Thresher Company but against the M. Eumely Company. We do not pass upon the question whether they have' any such remedy against the M. Eumely Company. •
We have examined all the assignments of error from 1 to 15 inclusive, and find no error therein.
The judgment of the trial court is modified, with costs, in that the-judgment is to be reduced in the sum of $200, the amount of the payment on the note, and interest on the $200, if any, which was incorporated in the judgment of the trial court.
Birdzell, J.
(concurring specially). I concur in the result reached in the foregoing opinion of my associate, Judge Grace, and in most of the reasons assigned therefor. I am of the opinion, however, that it was not shown that the Bumely Products Company and the M. Rumely Company were, to all intents and purposes as regards the transaction in question, the same corporation. I am further of the opinion that, under all the facts and circumstances disclosed in the record, there is ample foundation to support a finding that the M. Rumely Company had notice of the defense which was established by the defendants, and that it was consequently not entitled to the protection which is accorded to holders in due course. The M. Bumely Company could transfer, through the receiver, no better title or right than it had. 8 C. J. 472.
Christianson, J.
(dissenting). I anx unable to agree with the conclusions reached by my associates in this case, _ for the following reasons: The If. Bumely Company was a manufacturing corporation. The Rumely Products Company was a corporation organized for the purpose of purchasing and selling agricultural implements. And while the latter company handled some of the goods manufactured by the M. Rumely Company, it also handled goods manufactured by other companies. The undisputed evidence is to the effect that the two corporations were entirely distinct and separate. That they were organized by different men. That the officers, directors, and stockholders were different. That not any of the stock in the Rumely Products Company was ever owned by the If. Rumely Company, and that not a single officer or director of the If. Bumely Company was either a stockholder in, or officer of, the Bumely Products Company. The evidence also shows that the M. Bumely Company was dissolved and its assets sold-by receivers appointed by the district court of the United States for the district of Indiana, and that the plaintiff, AdvanceBumely Thresher Company, purchased a portion of the assets at such receiver’s sale. The sale was conducted in the receivership proceeding in the usual manner; under the supervision and with the approval of the Federal court. The undisputed evidence is to the effect that the Advanee-Rumely Thresher Company was organized under the laws of New York, and that the organizers, directors, and stockholders were men who never had been either stockholders or officers in either the M. Rumely Company or the Rumely Products Company. In the face of this evidence, I am at a loss to understand how it can be held that these different companies were in fact one concern. The name “Rumely” was well known among men interested in agricultural, especially threshing, machinery; and it is easy to understand why it was deemed desirable to include this word as a part of the corporate-name of the different corporations. And the mere use of the word “Rumely” in the names of these different companies, in my opinion, does not justify the conclusion that the companies were in fact one, especially when the uncontradicted evidence in the case is all to the contrary.
Nor is there anything in the record to warrant the conclusion, that the M. Rumely Company was not a holder in due course of the promissory note involved in this action. Under the Negotiable Instruments Act, “a holder in due course is a holder who has taken the instrument under the following conditions:
“1.
“2. That he became the holder of it before it was overdue, and without notice that it.had been previously dishonored, if such was the fact.
“3. That he took it in good faith and for value.
“4. That at the time it was negotiated to him he had no notice of any infirmity in the instrument or defect in the title of- the person negotiating it.” Comp. Laws 1913, § 6931.
And, “to constitute notice of an infirmity in the instrument or defect in the title of the person negotiating the same, the person to whom it is negotiated must have had actual knowledge of the infirmity or defect or knowledge of such facts that his action in taking the instrument amounted to had faith.Comp. Laws 1913, § 6941.
This statute is plain and specific, and leaves little room for construction. It provides that, in order to charge a purchaser of commercial paper with notice of defenses thereto, it must appear that he had actual knowledge of the specific infirmity or defect set up as a defense, or knowledge of such facts that the purchase of the negotiable instrument amounts to bad faith. See American Nat. Bank v. Lundy, 21 N. D. 167, 129 N. W. 99; McPherrin v. Tittle, 36 Okla. 510, 44 L.R.A.(N.S.) 395, 129 Pac. 721; 3 R. C. L. § 277, pp. 1071, 1072.
As alreajdy stated, the undisputed evidence in the instant case is to the effect that the M. Rumely Company and the Rumely Products Company were entirely distinct and separate corporations, owned and officered by] different men. There is not a scintilla of evidence to the effect that the M. Rumely Company had any actual notice or knowledge of any defect or infirmity in, or of any existing defense to, the promissory note involved in this case. There is no contention that all of the machinery manufactured by the M. Rumely Company was defective or undesirable. On the contrary, it is a matter of common knowledge that a great deal of the farm machinery manufactured by this company was desirable and had been, and was then being, purchased and used generally throughout the state of North Dakota. And in this case, the evidence is to the effect that the note in controversy was executed and delivered in payment of certain Oliver plows, and there is not one word of testimony to indicate that there was any connection whatever between the M. Rumely Company and the Oliver Plow Company. But even though the M. Bumely Company had occasion to believe or was informed that the note purchased by it from the Rumely Products Company was received by the latter company in payment of Oliver plows sold by the Bumely Products Company, this would not of itself constitute notice to the M. Bumely Company of any defect or infirmity in the note, and that the makers thereof had any defense thereto. For it is well settled that mere knowledge of the consideration for which a negotiable instrument is given does not of itself impose upon the purchaser the duty to make inquiry with respect to the sufficiency, or charge him with notice of failure of the consideration. See Houston v. Keith, 100 Miss. 83, 56 So. 36; Bank of Sampson v. Hatcher, 151 N. C. 359, 134 Am. St Rep. 989, 66 S. E. 308; Dollar Sav. & T. Co. v. Crawford, 69 W. Va. 109, 33 L.R.A.(N.S.) 587, 70 S. E. 1089; Hakes v. Thayer, 165 Mich. 476, 131 N. W. 174; Park v. Zellars, 139 Ga. 585, 77 S. E. 922; Citizens Bank v. Greene, 12 Ga. App. 49, 76 S. E. 795; Stubbs v. Fourth Nat. Bank, 12 Ga. App. 539, 77 S. E. 893.
I am also of the opinion that §§ 5991-5993, Comp. Laws 1913, relating to the time and manner of giving notice of breach of warranty in personal property, have no application in this case, as the note involved was executed and transferred over a year before those sections became the law of this state.
In my opinion, the judgment should be reversed and judgment ordered for the plaintiff, or a new trial had.
Bruce, Ch. J.
I concur in the opinion of Mr. Justice Christian-son.
Per Curiam.
In the petition for rehearing filed herein, principal reliance seems to be placed upon the contention that the plaintiff is entitled to occupy the position of a holder in due course; and it is insisted that there is no evidence in the record to support a finding either that the M. Rumely Company and the Rumely Products Company are, in effect, the same corporation, or that the M. Rumely Company took the negotiable instrument burdened with defenses that might have existed as to the Rumely Products Company. While the opinions filed by the majority members of the court disclose that these questions have been fully considered, it is deemed proper to briefly state the record evidenced in support of the finding that the M. Eumely Company is not entitled to the favorable position contended for.
The agent who represented the M. Rumely Company, in attempting to collect the note in suit and who, in fact, collected a portion thereof, was shown to have made a definite promise on behalf of the M. Rumely Company that the plows would be made good. It was further shown that experts were sent to work on the plows in an effort to put them in working order, and also that on the 30th day of March, 1915, the defendants, in reliance upon the promise of the agent of the M. Rumely Company to put the plows in working order, executed a new chattel mortgage, running to Finley P. Mount, receiver for the M. Rumely Company, which covered their crop as well as the machinery which had been embraced in the original mortgage (the one in suit). If the M. Rumely Company was at that time claiming to be the holder in due course of the paper, with the right to enforce the security that it had without regard to the warranty, it should have asserted its right then so that the defendants could have chosen as to whether or not they would stand upon the rights which they contend were theirs. The attitude of the M. Rumely Company in taking additional security under the circumstances is in the nature of an admission of their obligation to make the warranty good. If it was a holder in due course, it was a holder in due course before the efforts made to collect and before it undertook to make good on the warranty. A holder in due course of negotiable paper is not ordinarily concerned' about collateral arrangements between the payee and the maker, and the fact that the M. Eumley Company concerned itself to the extent that it did in this case is, to our minds, strong evidence that it considered itself under obligation to the defendants. When this admission is considered in connection with the selling arrangement between the M. Eumely Company and the Eumely Products Company, according to which the M. Eumely Company was to receive payment in notes taken by the Eumely Products Company, and also in connection with the fact that the Eumely Products Company was a selling agent for the “Eumely Line,” the “Advance -Line,” and the “Gaar-Scott Line,” as shown on the note in suit, it is only reasonable to infer that the M. Eumely Company was apprised of the character of the selling contract that the Eumely Products Company customarily used.
The foregoing answers also the contention that the plaintiffs failed to comply with conditions precedent to the enforcement of the warranty, such as the giving of notice, etc. These conditions were for the benefit of the warrantor or its assignees, and could, of course, be waived. There was ample evidence that they were waived in this case.
The petition for rehearing is denied.
Bruce, Ch. J., and Christianson, J., adhere to their dissent. | CASELAW |
Talk:Hawthorne Park
Untitled
what about the domestic pets paragraph i have to change?NotAlisa (talk) 20:04, 9 June 2015 (UTC)
Hi Alisa...I hope you sorted that out in class?TeacherHart (talk) 22:16, 9 June 2015 (UTC)
To Wildlife
You have a bit on the Grey Squirrel and talk about how it is invasive and affects the local squirrel. You'll need to meet up with native species and make sure that the native squirrel is covered (and linked internally in the page)TeacherHart (talk) 22:33, 9 June 2015 (UTC)
To the editors:
We need to sort out plants and animals. I believe one of the main headings was Wildlife under which plants and animals can be found
Maybe
we need bits of info about the playground/waterpark. -skymaster7755 — Preceding unsigned comment added by J.J Skymaster7755 Infinite Skies (talk • contribs) 19:54, 11 June 2015 (UTC)
=Plants=
poisonous
=Trees=
=Animals=
invasive
TeacherHart (talk) 22:12, 9 June 2015 (UTC)
External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,
I have just modified 3 external links on Hawthorne Park. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150819091228/http://www.soilhealth.com/soils-are-alive/what-is-in-soil/p-01.htm to http://www.soilhealth.com/soils-are-alive/what-is-in-soil/p-01.htm
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* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150621220656/http://alienspecies.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca/eng/species/eastern-gray-squirrel to http://alienspecies.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca/eng/species/eastern-gray-squirrel
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Talk:Panopea
Relevance
In my opinion, this article should be removed. Michael! (talk) 19:56, 22 January 2013 (UTC) | WIKI |
UNITED STATES of America v. Gabriel WERDENE, Appellant
No. 16-3588
United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit.
Argued on October 23, 2017 Opinion Filed: February 21, 2018
Leigh M. Skipper, Brett G. Sweitzer [Argued], Office of the Federal Public Defender, 601 Walnut Street, Suite 540 West, Philadelphia, PA 19106, Counsel for Appellant
Louis D. Lappen, Robert A. Zauzmer, Michelle L. Morgan [Argued], Office of United States Attorney, 615 Chestnut Street, Suite 1250, Philadelphia, PA 19106, Counsel for Appellee
Before: GREENAWAY, JR., NYGAARD, FISHER, Circuit Judges.
GREENAWAY, JR., Circuit Judge.
This case arises from the Federal Bureau of Investigation's (FBI) investigation into Playpen, a global online forum that existed on the dark web and that was dedicated to the advertisement and distribution of child pornography. The website had a substantial amount of users. In fact, more than 150,000 users collectively engaged in over 95,000 posts with over 9,000 forum topics related to child pornography. This appeal centers on the FBI's decision to rely on a single search warrant, issued in the Eastern District of Virginia ("EDVA"), to search the computers of thousands of Playpen users across the United States and the world using a form of government-created malware termed a "Network Investigative Technique" ("NIT").
Appellant Gabriel Werdene, a citizen of Pennsylvania, was a Playpen user whose computer was compromised by the NIT. Subsequently, he was charged in the Eastern District of Pennsylvania ("EDPA") with one count of possessing child pornography, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2252(a)(4)(B). He filed a motion to suppress the evidence seized during the search of his computer, including the information revealed by the use of the NIT. The District Court denied the suppression motion, holding that the NIT warrant violated the version of Fed. R. Crim. P. 41(b) then in effect (" Rule 41(b)") , but that the NIT itself did not constitute a search under the Fourth Amendment and that Werdene was not prejudiced by the error. On appeal, Werdene contends that the District Court erred in holding that no Fourth Amendment search took place. Further, he argues that the issuance of the warrant violated his Fourth Amendment rights because it lacked particularity and was issued in violation of the jurisdictional requirements set forth in both Rule 41(b) and the Federal Magistrates Act. The Government concedes that a Fourth Amendment search occurred, but contends that the NIT was authorized by Rule 41(b)(4) and that, in any event, the good-faith exception to the exclusionary rule precludes suppression.
We hold that the NIT warrant violated the prior version of Rule 41(b) and that the magistrate judge exceeded her authority under the Federal Magistrates Act. The warrant was therefore void ab initio , and the Rule 41(b) infraction rose to the level of a Fourth Amendment violation. However, we agree with the Government that the good-faith exception to the exclusionary rule may apply to warrants that are void ab initio , which ultimately precludes suppression in this case. We therefore will affirm on alternative grounds the District Court's decision to deny Werdene's suppression motion.
I. FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
To inform our forthcoming analysis, we shall detail how Playpen escaped traditional law enforcement detection and how the FBI circumvented the dark web to apprehend its users.
A. Tor
The Playpen site operated on the anonymous "The Onion Router" ("Tor") network-a constituent part of the "dark web"-which allows users to conceal their actual internet protocol ("IP") addresses while accessing the internet. An IP address is a unique identifier assigned by an internet service provider to every computer having access to the internet, including computer servers that host websites. Websites that the computer user visits can log the computer's IP address, creating a digital record of activity on each website. After lawful seizure of an illicit website under normal circumstances, law enforcement is able to retrieve the website's IP log to locate and apprehend its users.
Tor, however, prevents websites from registering a computer's actual IP address by sending user communications through a network of relay computers called "nodes" up until those communications reach the website. Numerous intermediary computers therefore stand between the accessing computer and the website, and the website can log the IP address of only the "exit node", which is the final computer in the sequence. Accordingly, Playpen's IP log-like that of other Tor websites-contained only the IP addresses of the exit nodes, rendering traditional IP identification techniques useless.
B. The Playpen Investigation
In December 2014, a foreign law enforcement agency informed the FBI that Playpen was being hosted by a computer server in North Carolina. Playpen's administrator was identified as a person residing in Florida, who was promptly arrested. The FBI then lawfully seized the server, moved it to a government facility in EDVA, and obtained a wiretap order to monitor communications on it. It then assumed administrative control of Playpen and allowed the website to operate while law enforcement officials tried to circumvent Tor and identify Playpen's users.
The FBI's solution was the NIT, a form of government-created malware that allowed the FBI to retrieve identifying information from Playpen users located all around the world. The NIT's deployment worked in multiple steps. First, the FBI modified Playpen's code so that each accessing computer-unknowingly to the user and no matter the computer's physical location-downloaded the NIT whenever a "user or administrator log[ged] into [Playpen] by entering a username and password." App. 133. Once downloaded, the NIT searched the accessing computer for seven discrete pieces of identifying information: (1) an IP address; (2) a unique identifier to distinguish the data from that of other computers; (3) the type of operating system; (4) information about whether the NIT had already been delivered; (5) a Host Name; (6) an active operating system username; and (7) a Media Access Control address. Finally, the NIT transmitted this information back to a government-controlled computer in EDVA. The FBI postulated that it could then rely on this information to identify users' premises and distinguish their computers from other computers located within their proximity.
In February 2015, the FBI obtained a search warrant from a magistrate judge in EDVA to deploy the NIT to all "activating computers." App. 106. An "activating computer" was defined in the search warrant as the computer of "any user or administrator who logs into [Playpen] by entering a username and password." Id . Further, the NIT could be deployed to any activating computer "wherever located ." App. 136 (emphasis added). In other words, this single warrant authorized the FBI to retrieve identifying information from computers all across the United States, and from all around the world. Most importantly, these computers were overwhelmingly located outside of EDVA.
C. Charges Against Werdene and Suppression Motion
Analysis of the NIT data revealed the IP address of a Playpen user, eventually identified as Werdene, residing in Bensalem, Pennsylvania. In the final month of the website's operation, Werdene was logged in for approximately ten hours and made six text postings, commenting on child pornography and sharing links under the username "thepervert." The FBI obtained a separate search warrant for Werdene's home from a magistrate judge in EDPA, where agents seized one USB drive and one DVD containing child pornography.
In September 2015, Werdene was charged in EDPA with one count of possessing child pornography, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2252(a)(4)(B). He filed a motion to suppress the evidence seized during the search of his computer, including the information revealed by the NIT, the evidence subsequently seized from his home, and statements that he later made to the FBI. Werdene argued that the warrant was issued in violation of the jurisdictional requirements set forth in Rule 41(b), and that suppression was required because the violation was constitutional in nature and the good-faith exception to the exclusionary rule did not apply. The Government did not contend that the NIT warrant was explicitly authorized by Rule 41(b), but argued that the rule was flexible and expansive, and included warrants based on technological advances-such as the NIT warrant-which came within the spirit of the rule.
The District Court denied the motion in a memorandum and order issued on May 18, 2016. It first held that the NIT warrant violated Rule 41(b) because the magistrate judge in EDVA was without authority to issue a warrant to search Werdene's computer in EDPA. But the District Court also held that the NIT was not a "search" within the meaning of the Fourth Amendment because Werdene lacked a reasonable expectation of privacy to his computer's IP address. It concluded that the Fourth Amendment was not implicated, and that the Rule 41(b) violation was only "technical" in nature. The District Court therefore denied the suppression motion on the bases that the Government did not intentionally disregard the Rule's requirements and that Werdene was not prejudiced by the violation. This appeal followed.
On June 7, 2016, Werdene pled guilty pursuant to a plea agreement in which he reserved his right to appeal the District Court's ruling on the suppression motion. On September 7, 2016, the District Court accepted the recommendation of the U.S. Probation Office and applied a downward variance from the United States Federal Sentencing Guideline's range of 51-63 months. It sentenced Werdene to 24 months' imprisonment, a term of supervised release of five years, and restitution in the amount of $1,500.
II. JURISDICTION AND STANDARD OF REVIEW
The District Court had original jurisdiction over this case pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 3231. Our jurisdiction arises from 28 U.S.C. § 1291. "We review the District Court's denial of a motion to suppress for clear error as to the underlying factual determinations but exercise plenary review over the District Court's application of law to those facts." United States v. Murray , 821 F.3d 386, 390-91 (3d Cir. 2016) (quoting United States v. Stabile , 633 F.3d 219, 230 (3d Cir. 2011) ).
III. DISCUSSION
This case requires us to decide a multitude of issues regarding Rule 41 and the Fourth Amendment. First, we must determine whether the NIT warrant violated Rule 41. If it did not, then we will affirm the District Court because there is no basis to grant Werdene's suppression motion. Second, if it did violate Rule 41, then we are required to decide whether the breach rose to the level of a Fourth Amendment violation. To do so, we consider whether the NIT warrant, by being issued by a magistrate judge beyond her jurisdiction, was void ab initio and, if so, whether such a transgression constituted a Fourth Amendment violation in the founding era. See Virginia v. Moore , 553 U.S. 164, 168, 128 S.Ct. 1598, 170 L.Ed.2d 559 (2008). If we do not find that a Fourth Amendment violation occurred, then the suppression motion must be denied unless Werdene can prove that he was prejudiced by the error or that the FBI acted with intentional and deliberate disregard for Rule 41. See United States v. Martinez-Zayas , 857 F.2d 122, 136 (3d Cir. 1988), overruled in part on other grounds by United States v. Chapple , 985 F.2d 729 (3d Cir. 1993). Third, if a Fourth Amendment violation did occur, then we are called upon to decide an issue of first impression for this Court: whether the good-faith exception to the exclusionary rule applies when a warrant is void ab initio . If it does not, then we apply the exclusionary rule without consideration of the good-faith exception. Fourth, if the good-faith exception does apply, then we must determine if it precludes suppression in this case.
For the reasons discussed below, we hold that the NIT warrant violated Rule 41(b). As a result, the magistrate judge not only exceeded her authority under the Rule as then drafted, but also under the Federal Magistrates Act, rendering the warrant void ab initio and raising the magnitude of the infraction from a technical one to a Fourth Amendment violation. On the other hand, we also hold that the good-faith exception applies to such warrants, which, given the circumstances of this case, precludes suppression. We therefore will affirm on alternative grounds the District Court's decision to deny Werdene's suppression motion.
A. Federal Magistrate Judge Jurisdiction
The Federal Magistrates Act, 28 U.S.C. § 636(a), authorizes federal magistrate judges to exercise the "powers and duties conferred ... by the Rules of Criminal Procedure" in three geographic areas: "[1] within the district in which sessions are held by the court that appointed the magistrate judge, [2] at other places where that court may function, and [3] elsewhere as authorized by law." § 636(a) ; see also United States v. Krueger , 809 F.3d 1109, 1118 (10th Cir. 2015) (Gorsuch, J., concurring). Accordingly, § 636(a) creates "jurisdictional limitations on the power of magistrate judges" because it "expressly and independently limits where those powers will be effective." Krueger , 809 F.3d at 1119 (Gorsuch, J., concurring); see also United States v. Hazlewood , 526 F.3d 862, 864 (5th Cir. 2008) ("In the Federal Magistrates Act, 28 U.S.C. § 636, Congress conferred jurisdiction to federal magistrate-judge[s]"); N.L.R.B. v. Gov't of Virgin Islands v. Williams , 892 F.2d 305, 309 (3d Cr. 1989) ("The jurisdiction of federal magistrates is defined by the Federal Magistrates Act.").
While § 636(a) defines the geographic scope of a magistrate judge's powers, the Rules of Criminal Procedure-including Rule 41(b) -define what those powers are. See § 636(a)(1) ; see also Krueger , 809 F.3d at 1119 (Gorsuch, J., concurring). Rule 41(b) provides that a magistrate judge may "issue a warrant to search for and seize a person or property located within the district." Fed. R. Crim. P. 41(b)(1). At the time that the NIT warrant was issued, the Rule also authorized four exceptions to this territorial restriction: (1) for property that might be moved outside the district before the warrant is executed, Fed. R. Crim. P. 41(b)(2) ; (2) for terrorism investigations, Fed. R. Crim. P. 41(b)(3) ; (3) to install a tracking device within the magistrate judge's district that may track the movement of property outside that district, Fed. R. Crim. P. 41(b)(4) ; and (4) to search and seize property located outside any district but within the jurisdiction of the United States, Fed. R. Crim. P. 41(b)(5). Notably, "[n]one of these [ Rule 41(b) ] exceptions expressly allow a magistrate judge in one jurisdiction to authorize the search of a computer in a different jurisdiction." United States v. Horton , 863 F.3d 1041, 1047 (8th Cir. 2017).
B. The NIT Warrant Violated Rule 41(b)
We must first determine whether the NIT warrant violated Rule 41(b). The Government conceded below that "[a]lthough Rule 41 does authorize a judge to issue a search warrant for a search in another district in some circumstances, it does not explicitly do so in these circumstances ." App. 91 (Government Br. in Opposition to Motion to Suppress) (emphasis added). Given the concession, the Government instead argued that the Rule set forth an illustrative, rather than exhaustive, list of circumstances in which a magistrate judge may issue a warrant.
On appeal, however, the Government curiously has reversed course, and now contends that the NIT was in fact explicitly authorized by Rule 41(b)(4), which provides that a magistrate judge may "issue a warrant to install within the district a tracking device; the warrant may authorize use of the device to track the movement of a person or property located within the district, outside the district, or both." Fed. R. Crim. P. 41(b)(4) (emphasis added).
According to the Government, under this Rule, "the NIT warrant properly authorized use of the NIT to track the movement of information-the digital child pornography content requested by users who logged into Playpen's website-as it traveled from the server in [EDVA] through the encrypted Tor network to its final destination: the users' computers, wherever located." Government Br. at 30. At that point, the NIT caused the Playpen users' computers to transmit the identifying information back to the FBI over the open internet, thus enabling law enforcement to locate and identify the user. In the Government's estimation, the NIT is similar to a transmitter affixed to an automobile that is programmed to send location-enabling signals (like GPS coordinates) back to a government-controlled receiver because it was designed to send location-enabling information (like an actual IP address) back to a government-controlled computer. "Thus, although not a physical beeper affixed to a tangible object [as was the case in, for example, United States v. Karo , 468 U.S. 705, 104 S.Ct. 3296, 82 L.Ed.2d 530 (1984) ], the NIT operated as a digital tracking device of intangible information within the meaning of Rule 41(b)(4)." Id . at 32.
We need not resolve Werdene's contention that the Government waived this argument because we find that the Government's tracking device analogy is inapposite. As an initial matter, it is clear that the FBI did not believe that the NIT was a tracking device at the time that it sought the warrant. Warrants issued under Rule 41(b)(4) are specialized documents that are denominated "Tracking Warrant" and require the Government to submit a specialized "Application for a Tracking Warrant." See ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE OF U.S. COURTS, CRIMINAL FORMS AO 102 (2009) & AO 104 (2016). Here, the FBI did not submit an application for a tracking warrant-rather, it applied for, and received, a standard search warrant. Indeed, the term "tracking device" is absent from the NIT warrant application and supporting affidavit.
More importantly, the analogy does not withstand scrutiny. The explicit purpose of the warrant was not to track movement-as would be required under Rule 41(b)(4) -but to "obtain[ ] information" from "activating computers." App. 106. As discussed above, the NIT was designed to search -not track -the user's computer for the IP address and other identifying information, and to transmit that data back to a government-controlled server. Although the seized information (mainly the IP address) assisted the FBI in identifying a user, it provided no information as to the computer's or user's precise and contemporary physical location. This fact-that the NIT did not track movement -is dispositive, because Rule 41(b)(4) is "based on the understanding that the device will assist officers only in tracking the movements of a person or object." Fed. R. Crim. P. 41 Advisory Committee's Note (2006) (emphasis added); see also Fed. R. Crim. P. 41(a)(2)(E) (incorporating the definition of "tracking device" from 18 U.S.C. § 3117(b), which is "an electronic or mechanical device which permits the tracking of the movement of a person or object." 18 U.S.C. § 3117(b) (emphasis added) ). The NIT, by not contemporaneously transmitting the location of the computers that it searched, was therefore unlike the quintessential tracking device that the Government used in United States v. Jones , which "track[ed] the vehicle's movements ... [b]y means of signals from multiple satellites, the device established the vehicle's location within 50 to 100 feet, and communicated that location by cellular phone to a Government computer." 565 U.S. 400, 403, 132 S.Ct. 945, 181 L.Ed.2d 911 (2012) (emphasis added).
Furthermore, Rule 41(b)(4) requires that a tracker be "install[ed] within the district." Fed. R. Crim. P. 41(b)(4). It is difficult to imagine a scenario where the NIT was "installed" on Werdene's computer-which was physically located in Pennsylvania-in EDVA. The Eighth Circuit, which is the only other Court of Appeals to address the Government's Rule 41(b)(4) argument to date, rejected it on this basis:
The government argues that the defendants made a "virtual" trip to the Eastern District of Virginia to access child pornography and that investigators "installed" the NIT within that district. Although plausible, this argument is belied by how the NIT actually worked: it was installed on the defendants' computers in their homes in Iowa.... [W]e agree with the district court that the "virtual trip" fiction "stretches the rule too far."
Horton , 863 F.3d at 1047-48 (citations omitted).
The Government correctly contends that Rule 41 should be read flexibly "to include within its scope electronic intrusions authorized upon a finding of probable cause" so that it can keep up with technological innovations. United States v. New York Tel. Co. , 434 U.S. 159, 169, 98 S.Ct. 364, 54 L.Ed.2d 376 (1977). However, as the District Court aptly stated, "[e]ven a flexible application of the Rule ... is insufficient to allow the Court to read into it powers possessed by the magistrate that are clearly not contemplated and do not fit into any of the five subsections." United States v. Werdene , 188 F.Supp.3d 431, 441 (E.D. Pa. 2016). For the aforementioned reasons, the NIT was not a "tracking device" under Rule 41(b)(4), and therefore the warrant violated the Rule.
C. The NIT Warrant Violated the Fourth Amendment
Since the NIT warrant violated Rule 41(b), we next consider the nature of the violation to assess if suppression is warranted. See United States v. Simons , 206 F.3d 392, 403 (4th Cir. 2000) ("There are two categories of Rule 41 violations: those involving constitutional violations, and all others."). If the violation is "constitutional"-i.e., a violation of the Fourth Amendment-then suppression is governed by the exclusionary rule standards applicable to Fourth Amendment violations generally. See Martinez-Zayas , 857 F.2d at 136 ; see also United States v. Franz , 772 F.3d 134, 145 (3d Cir. 2014) ("The exclusionary rule is a prudential doctrine designed to enforce the Fourth Amendment...."). If, however, the violation is not of constitutional magnitude, but rather is "ministerial" or "technical" in nature, then suppression is warranted only if "(1) there was 'prejudice' in the sense that the search might not have occurred or would not have been so abrasive if the Rule had been followed, or (2) there is evidence of intentional and deliberate disregard of a provision in the Rule." Martinez-Zayas , 857 F.2d at 136 (quoting United States v. Burke , 517 F.2d 377, 386-87 (2d Cir. 1975) ).
The Fourth Amendment guarantees that:
[t]he right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrant shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.
U.S. Const. amend. IV.
"[T]he overriding function of the Fourth Amendment is to protect personal privacy and dignity against unwarranted intrusion by the State." Reedy v. Evanson , 615 F.3d 197, 228 (3d Cir. 2010) (quoting Schmerber v. California , 384 U.S. 757, 767, 86 S.Ct. 1826, 16 L.Ed.2d 908 (1966) ); see also United States v. Pollard , 326 F.3d 397, 410 (3d Cir. 2003) ("The Fourth Amendment's 'central concern ... is to protect liberty and privacy from arbitrary and oppressive interference by government officials.' " (quoting United States v. Ortiz, 422 U.S. 891, 895, 95 S.Ct. 2585, 45 L.Ed.2d 623 (1975) ) ). The Fourth Amendment only prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures, and the Supreme Court has counseled that the Fourth Amendment encompasses "at a minimum, the degree of protection it afforded when it was adopted." Jones , 565 U.S. at 411, 132 S.Ct. 945. Accordingly, "[w]e look to the statutes and common law of the founding era to determine the norms that the Fourth Amendment was meant to preserve." Moore , 553 U.S. at 168, 128 S.Ct. 1598 ; see also United States v. Phillips , 834 F.3d 1176, 1179 (11th Cir. 2016).
We must therefore determine whether the circumstances of this case constituted a Fourth Amendment violation during the founding era. "The principle animating the common law at the time of the Fourth Amendment's framing was clear: a warrant may travel only so far as the power of its issuing official." Krueger , 809 F.3d at 1124 (Gorsuch, J., concurring). The NIT warrant clearly violated this precept. The magistrate judge not only exceeded the territorial scope of Rule 41(b), but, as a result of that violation, she also exceeded the jurisdiction that § 636(a) imposes on magistrate judges. Under § 636(a), the magistrate judge was only authorized to exercise the powers of Rule 41(b) under three circumstances: (1) "within the district" that appointed her-i.e., EDVA, (2) "at other places where [EDVA] may function", and (3) "elsewhere as authorized by law." § 636(a). Pennsylvania obviously does not fall within the confines of EDVA or its places of function, and we have already held that Rule 41(b) did not authorize the NIT warrant.
The NIT warrant was therefore void ab initio because it violated § 636(a) 's jurisdictional limitations and was not authorized by any positive law. See United States v. Master , 614 F.3d 236, 239 (6th Cir. 2010) ("[W]hen a warrant is signed by someone who lacks the legal authority necessary to issue search warrants, the warrant is void ab initio .") (quoting United States v. Scott , 260 F.3d 512, 515 (6th Cir. 2001) ); see also Horton , 863 F.3d at 1049 ("[T]he NIT warrant was void ab initio ...."); United States v. Baker , 894 F.2d 1144, 1147 (10th Cir. 1990) (suppressing evidence of search on Indian land because state court lacked authority to issue search warrant).
It follows that the Rule 41(b) violation was of constitutional magnitude because "at the time of the framing ... a warrant issued for a search or seizure beyond the territorial jurisdiction of a magistrate's powers under positive law was treated as no warrant at all." Krueger , 809 F.3d at 1123 (Gorsuch, J., concurring); see also Engleman v. Deputy Murray , 546 F.3d 944, 948-49 (8th Cir. 2008) ("Under a historical understanding of the Fourth Amendment, the jurisdiction of the issuing judge and the executing officer is limited, and a warrant is not valid if an officer acts outside of that limited jurisdiction.").
The Government retorts that the NIT warrant was valid for the purposes of the Fourth Amendment because it met the Supreme Court's three constitutional requirements for validity: it was "(1) supported by probable cause, (2) sufficiently particular, and (3) issued by a neutral and detached magistrate." Government Br. at 36 (citing Dalia v. United States , 441 U.S. 238, 255, 99 S.Ct. 1682, 60 L.Ed.2d 177 (1979) ). Furthermore, the Government frames Rule 41(b) as a venue provision that is entirely procedural in nature and not substantive-accordingly, because the Fourth Amendment is silent about the proper venue for applying for a search warrant, a Rule 41(b) violation can "only rarely [be] deemed constitutional." Id . at 38. But none of this overcomes our dispositive finding that the magistrate judge acted outside of her jurisdiction under § 636(a). As the D.C. Circuit aptly put it, "[e]ven if we assume that an imperfect authorizing order could be thought facially sufficient, we do not see how a blatant disregard of a ... judge's jurisdictional limitation can be regarded as only 'technical.' " United States v. Glover , 736 F.3d 509, 515 (D.C. Cir. 2013).
D. The Exclusionary Rule and Good Faith Exception
Having established that a Fourth Amendment violation occurred, we must now address an issue of first impression for this Court: does the good-faith exception to the exclusionary rule apply when a warrant is void ab initio due to the magistrate judge lacking jurisdiction to issue it? We must consider the purpose of the exclusionary rule to address this inquiry. See United States v. Wright , 777 F.3d 635, 640 (3d Cir. 2015) (considering "the extent to which the violation ... undermined the purposes of the Fourth Amendment" when applying exclusionary rule).
The exclusionary rule is a prudential doctrine that "prevent[s] the government from relying at trial on evidence obtained in violation of the [Fourth] Amendment's strictures." Franz , 772 F.3d at 145. However, the rule is not intended to remedy Fourth Amendment violations, and does not necessarily apply each time a violation occurs. See Herring v. United States , 555 U.S. 135, 140, 129 S.Ct. 695, 172 L.Ed.2d 496 (2009). Put differently, "there is no constitutional right to have the evidentiary fruits of an illegal search or seizure suppressed at trial." United States v. Katzin , 769 F.3d 163, 170 (3d Cir. 2014) (en banc); see Davis v. United States , 564 U.S. 229, 236, 131 S.Ct. 2419, 180 L.Ed.2d 285 (2011) (noting that the Fourth Amendment "says nothing about suppressing evidence obtained in violation of [its] command."); United States v. Leon , 468 U.S. 897, 906, 104 S.Ct. 3405, 82 L.Ed.2d 677 (1984) ("[T]he use of fruits of a past unlawful search or seizure 'work[s] no new Fourth Amendment wrong.' " (quoting United States v. Calandra , 414 U.S. 338, 354, 94 S.Ct. 613, 38 L.Ed.2d 561 (1974) ) ).
Rather, the exclusionary rule aims to deter government violations of the Fourth Amendment. See Krueger , 809 F.3d at 1125 (Gorsuch, J., concurring) ("Even when an unreasonable search does exist, the Supreme Court has explained, we must be persuaded that 'appreciable deterrence' of police misconduct can be had before choosing suppression as the right remedy for a Fourth Amendment violation." (quoting Herring , 555 U.S. at 141, 129 S.Ct. 695 ) ); see also Elkins v. United States , 364 U.S. 206, 217, 80 S.Ct. 1437, 4 L.Ed.2d 1669 (1960) ("The [exclusionary] rule is calculated to prevent, not repair."). Accordingly, "[i]n determining whether the exclusionary rule applies, we engage in a cost-benefit analysis, balancing the 'deterrence benefits of suppression' against its 'substantial social costs.' " Franz , 772 F.3d at 145 (quoting Davis , 564 U.S. at 236, 131 S.Ct. 2419 ). These costs "almost always require[ ] courts to ignore reliable, trustworthy evidence bearing on guilt or innocence" of the defendant and "in many cases ... to suppress the truth and set the criminal loose in the community without punishment." Davis , 564 U.S. 229, 237, 131 S.Ct. 2419, 180 L.Ed.2d 285 (2011). As a result, "[s]uppression of evidence ... has always been our last resort, not our first impulse." Hudson v. Michigan , 547 U.S. 586, 591, 126 S.Ct. 2159, 165 L.Ed.2d 56 (2006).
In Katzin , we explained how the good-faith exception to the exclusionary rule effectuates this balance:
Where the particular facts of a case indicate that law enforcement officers act[ed] with an objectively reasonable good-faith belief that their conduct [was] lawful, or when their conduct involve[d] only simple, isolated negligence, there is no illicit conduct to deter. In such circumstances, the deterrence rationale loses much of its force and exclusion cannot pay its way. Alternatively, where law enforcement conduct is deliberate, reckless, or grossly negligent or involves recurring or systemic negligence, deterrence holds greater value and often outweighs the associated costs.
769 F.3d at 171 (internal quotation marks and citations omitted). We also acknowledged that the Supreme Court has applied the good-faith exception "across a range of cases." Id . (quoting Davis , 564 U.S. at 238, 131 S.Ct. 2419 ); see, e.g. , Davis , 564 U.S. at 241, 131 S.Ct. 2419 (good-faith exception applicable when warrant is invalid due to later-reversed binding appellate precedent); Herring , 555 U.S. at 147-48, 129 S.Ct. 695 (undiscovered error in police-maintained database); Arizona v. Evans, 514 U.S. 1, 14-16, 115 S.Ct. 1185, 131 L.Ed.2d 34 (1995) (undiscovered error in court-maintained database); Illinois v. Krull, 480 U.S. 340, 349-50, 107 S.Ct. 1160, 94 L.Ed.2d 364 (1987) (subsequently overturned statute); Massachusetts v. Sheppard, 468 U.S. 981, 990, 104 S.Ct. 3424, 82 L.Ed.2d 737 (1984) (judicial clerical error on warrant); Leon, 468 U.S. at 922, 104 S.Ct. 3405 (later-invalidated warrant).
On appeal, Werdene contends that the good-faith exception should not apply when a Fourth Amendment violation arises from a warrant that was void ab initio . He argues that the common theme in all of the Supreme Court's good-faith cases is that police reasonably relied on some positive law that was appropriately issued, even though it was later invalidated. According to Werdene, each of those sources-i.e., a warrant, a statute, binding case law, or non-binding case law-had the force of law, but a warrant that is void ab initio is different because "[a]ll proceedings of a court beyond its jurisdiction are void." Appellant Br. at 49 (quoting Ex parte Watkins , 28 U.S. 193, 197, 3 Pet. 193, 7 L.Ed. 650 (1830) ).
However, the fundamental flaw with Werdene's argument is that it does not appreciate the distinction between the validity of the warrant and the deterrence rationale of the exclusionary rule and the good-faith exception. Implicit in his argument is the assumption that where "the magistrate lacks authority to issue the contested warrant, the supposed 'good faith' of the officer who executes the warrant can do nothing to confer legal status upon the [void] warrant." Master , 614 F.3d at 242. But "whether to suppress evidence under the exclusionary rule is a separate question from whether the Government has violated an individual's Fourth Amendment rights." Katzin , 769 F.3d at 170 ; see also Master , 614 F.3d at 242 ("[T]he decision to exclude evidence is divorced from whether a Fourth Amendment violation occurred.").
Thus, in each of the Supreme Court's good-faith exception cases, "the Court has not focused on the type of Fourth Amendment violation at issue, but rather confined the 'good-faith inquiry ... to the objectively ascertainable question whether a reasonably well trained officer would have known that the search was illegal' in light of 'all of the circumstances.' " Horton , 863 F.3d at 1051 (quoting Herring , 555 U.S. at 145, 129 S.Ct. 695 ). We therefore hold that the good-faith exception applies to warrants that are void ab initio because "the issuing magistrate's lack of authority has no impact on police misconduct, if the officers mistakenly, but inadvertently, presented the warrant to an innocent magistrate." Master , 614 F.3d at 242.
Having determined that the good-faith exception is applicable, we turn to whether it precludes suppression in this case. Here, the FBI sought and received a warrant, and we have identified only four scenarios in which reliance on a warrant is unreasonable:
(1) the magistrate issued the warrant in reliance on a deliberately or recklessly false affidavit;
(2) the magistrate abandoned his judicial role and failed to perform his neutral and detached function;
(3) the warrant was based on an affidavit so lacking in indicia of probable cause as to render official belief in its existence entirely unreasonable; or
(4) the warrant was so facially deficient that it failed to particularize the place to be searched or the things to be seized.
United States v. Pavulak , 700 F.3d 651, 664 (3d Cir. 2012) (quoting United States v. Stearn , 597 F.3d 540, 561 n.19 (3d Cir. 2010) ). The first three scenarios are entirely inapplicable here-Werdene contends only that the NIT warrant was facially deficient because it allegedly did not identify the location to be searched. But the NIT warrant adequately described the "Place to be Searched" as the "activating computers ... of any user or administrator who logs into [Playpen] by entering a username and password," and it described the "Information to be Seized ... from any 'activating' computer' " as seven discrete pieces of information. App. 106-07. The warrant was therefore far from facially deficient because it specified which computers would be searched and what information would be retrieved. See United States v. McLamb , 880 F.3d 685, 691 (4th Cir. 2018) ("Nor was the [NIT] warrant so 'facially deficient ... that the executing officers [could not] reasonably presume it to be valid.' " (second alteration in original) (quoting Leon , 468 U.S. at 923, 104 S.Ct. 3405 ) ); United States v. Levin , 874 F.3d 316, 323 (1st Cir. 2017) (same).
Here, the NIT warrant was issued by a neutral and detached, duly appointed magistrate judge, who determined that the warrant was supported by probable cause and particularly described the places to be searched and things to be seized. This, on its own, is sufficient for us to determine that the FBI acted in good-faith, especially because there is no evidence that it exceeded the scope of the warrant. See Leon , 468 U.S. at 922, 104 S.Ct. 3405 (" '[A] warrant issued by a magistrate normally suffices to establish' that a law enforcement officer has 'acted in good faith in conducting the search.' " (quoting United States v. Ross , 456 U.S. 798, 823, n.32, 102 S.Ct. 2157, 72 L.Ed.2d 572 (1982) ) ); see also Pavulak , 700 F.3d at 663 ("Ordinarily, the 'mere existence of a warrant ... suffices to prove that an officer conducted a search in good faith.' " (quoting Stearn , 597 F.3d at 561 ) ).
The Rule 41(b) error, therefore, was committed by the magistrate judge, not the FBI agents who reasonably relied on the NIT warrant, and we have repeatedly recognized that "officer[s] normally should not be penalized for the magistrate's mistake." Doe v. Groody , 361 F.3d 232, 244 (3d Cir. 2004) ; see also United States v. $ 92,422.57 , 307 F.3d 137, 152 (3d Cir. 2002) ("When a Magistrate Judge has [issued a warrant], law enforcement officers, who are rarely attorneys, are entitled to rely on the Magistrate Judge's judgment").
More importantly, the exclusionary rule "applies only where it 'result[s] in appreciable deterrence.' " Herring , 555 U.S. at 141, 129 S.Ct. 695 (quoting Leon , 468 U.S. at 909, 104 S.Ct. 3405 ) (emphasis added). Thus, even though Rule 41(b) did not authorize the magistrate judge to issue the NIT warrant, future law enforcement officers may apply for and obtain such a warrant pursuant to Rule 41(b)(6), which went into effect in December 2016 to authorize NIT-like warrants. Accordingly, a similar Rule 41(b) violation is unlikely to recur and suppression here will have no deterrent effect. This is dispositive because when the deterrent value of suppression is diminished, the "deterrence rationale loses much of its force and exclusion cannot pay its way." Katzin , 769 F.3d at 181 (quoting Leon , 468 U.S. at 907 n.6, 104 S.Ct. 3405 ).
IV. CONCLUSION
For the reasons above, we will affirm on alternative grounds the District Court's decision to deny Werdene's suppression motion.
NYGAARD, Circuit Judge, concurring.
I join Judge Greenaway's well-reasoned opinion without reservation. However, I write separately to highlight a somewhat nuanced legal point that would go unnoticed were I not to comment. In an attempt to save the search at issue here from the strictures of the Fourth Amendment, the Government not only argued for application of the good faith exception, but also for the application of the tracking device exception set out in Fed. R. Crim. P. 41(b)(4) in the District Court. Anticipating that the Government might bring this argument up on appeal, Werdene argued in his opening brief that it was waived because the Government, contrary to its own interests, conceded in the District Court that none of Rule 41 's exceptions applied. And, indeed, the Government did concede-both in their opposition to the motion to suppress and in open court-that Rule 41 does not explicitly authorize a judge to issue a search warrant in the circumstances presented here. App. at 91-92, 250-251.
Now, the Government says that their tracking device argument is not waived because we can affirm on any basis that is supported by the record, see, e.g., Murray v. Bledsoe , 650 F.3d 246, 247 (3d Cir. 2011), and the Appellant does not quibble with that notion. Instead, Werdene argues that this prerogative is not available to an appellate court when a party has conceded the point on which we wish to affirm in district court. This is an interesting question and one that in my nearly three decades on this court I have not encountered.
The Government offers no authority to the contrary. Werdene points to one Supreme Court opinion and a couple of court of appeals opinions in support of his position. For example, in Steagald v. United States , 451 U.S. 204, 101 S.Ct. 1642, 68 L.Ed.2d 38 (1981), the Government conceded a particular factual point in the District Court (related to the ownership of a residence) and did so again in opposition to the petition for certiorari in the Supreme Court. But, in its brief to the Court, the Government argued the very point it had previously conceded in the District Court, maintaining that the Court could affirm by relying on any basis present on the record.
451 U.S. at 209, 101 S.Ct. 1642. The Supreme Court, to loosely paraphrase, would have none of it. The Court instructed that the Government loses its right to raise factual issues in the Supreme Court "when it has made contrary assertions in the courts below, when it has acquiesced in contrary findings by those courts, or when it has failed to raise such questions in a timely fashion during the litigation." Id . The other cases cited by the Appellant, United States v. Ornelas-Ledesma , 16 F.3d 714, 721 (7th Cir. 1994), United States v. Albrektsen , 151 F.3d 951, 954 (9th Cir. 1998), and United States v. Scales , 903 F.2d 765, 770 (10th Cir. 1990), all hold the Government to be bound by concessions it made in District Court.
Our case differs slightly in that the concession here was legal, not factual. In my view, this is a difference without a distinction. If, as here, the issue or argument has been conceded or waived before a district court, then we must not affirm on that basis. Judge Greenaway elided the issue as unnecessary to a decision in the cause before us. Slip Op. at 13. I do not disagree. I point out my thoughts on this matter nonetheless solely to remind practitioners of that old adage, "you cannot have it both ways." In my opinion, conceding a fact or a legal point in the District Court prevents us from affirming on that basis.
"The dark web is a private global computer network that enables users to conduct anonymous transactions without revealing any trace of their location." Ahmed Ghappour, Searching Places Unknown: Law Enforcement Jurisdiction on the Dark Web , 69 Stan. L. Rev. 1075, 1087 (2017).
The NIT warrant was issued on February 20, 2015. On December 1, 2016, Rule 41(b) was amended to authorize magistrate judges to issue warrants to search computers and seize or copy electronically stored information located outside the magistrate judge's district if the district where the computer or information is located has been concealed through technological means. Fed. R. Crim. P. 41(b)(6). That Rule, which authorizes warrants such as the NIT warrant here, is not at issue in this appeal, and the references to "Rule 41(b)" throughout this opinion thus refer only to the prior version of the Rule.
Tor was developed by the U.S. Naval research Laboratory, and is now made available to the public at large. It is used by myriad individuals, groups and institutions concerned with digital privacy: journalists, military personnel, lawyers, activists, governments, corporations, and those engaged in nefarious enterprises.
The Playpen administrator was responsible for, inter alia , the distribution of child pornography, monitoring the website's activity and content, facilitating private messages between users, instructing users how to evade detection by law enforcement, and periodically changing the website's address to bypass discovery.
Werdene does not contest the lawfulness of this search warrant issued in EDPA. See Appellant Br. at 15 ("The only contested issue in this case [is] the lawfulness of the search of Mr. Werdene's computer, via the NIT, pursuant to the warrant issued in the Eastern District of Virginia.").
Having found that a Rule 41(b) violation occurred, we need not reach here Werdene's argument that the NIT warrant fails the Fourth Amendment's particularity requirement, codified in Fed. R. Crim. P. 41(e)(2)(A). See Horton , 863 F.3d at 1049 n.4 ("Because we find that the NIT warrant failed to meet constitutional standards on alternative grounds, we decline to address [the particularity] issue.").
The District Court wrongly concluded that the Rule 41(b) violation did not violate the Fourth Amendment because Werdene had no reasonable expectation of privacy in his IP address, and accordingly, that the NIT did not conduct a "search" within the meaning of the Fourth Amendment. Both parties agree that this was error, and the Government explicitly disavows this portion of the District Court's ruling. The NIT obtained the IP address and other identifying information from Werdene's home computer and not from a third party, and Werdene had a reasonable expectation of privacy in his home computer. See, e.g. , United States v. Lifshitz , 369 F.3d 173, 190 (2d Cir. 2004) ("Individuals generally possess a reasonable expectation of privacy in their home computers."); Guest v. Leis, 255 F.3d 325, 333 (6th Cir. 2001) ("Home owners would of course have a reasonable expectation of privacy in their homes and in their belongings-including computers-inside the home."). The deployment of the NIT therefore constituted a "search" under the Fourth Amendment.
As previously noted, the state of authorizing positive law for NIT searches has since changed with the promulgation of Rule 41(b)(6). See supra note 2.
The Government also contends that the NIT warrant was not void ab initio because it could validly be executed to search computers within EDVA. We reject this argument-the fact that Rule 41(b) may have permitted a more limited warrant confined solely to EDVA has no bearing on the fatal jurisdictional issues that plagued the actual NIT warrant. See Horton , 863 F.3d at 1049 (collecting cases) ("The possibility that the magistrate [judge] could have executed a proper warrant in the Eastern District of Virginia, however, does not save this warrant from its jurisdictional error.").
The First, Fourth, Eighth, and Tenth Circuits have each applied the good-faith exception to NIT cases. See United States v. McLamb , 880 F.3d 685, 689 (4th Cir. 2018) ("[E]ven if the NIT warrant violates the Fourth Amendment, the Leon good faith exception precludes suppression of the evidence."); United States v. Levin , 874 F.3d 316, 324 (1st Cir. 2017) ("[B]ecause the government acted in good faith reliance on the NIT warrant ... suppression is not warranted."); Horton , 863 F.3d at 1050 ("Our review of relevant Supreme Court precedent leads us to ... conclu[de] that the [good-faith] exception can apply to warrants void ab initio like this one."); United States v. Workman , 863 F.3d 1313, 1319-21 (10th Cir.2017) ("The district court did not apply the [good-faith] exception, mistakenly thinking that it did not apply.").
The 2016 Fed. R. Crim. P. 41(b) Advisory Note states:
The amendment provides that in two specific circumstances a magistrate judge in a district where activities related to a crime may have occurred has authority to issue a warrant to use remote access to search electronic storage media and seize or copy electronically stored information even when that media or information is or may be located outside of the district.
Fed. R. Crim. P. 41 Advisory Committee's Note (2016). Werdene concedes that Rule 41(b)(6)"authorizes warrants such as the NIT warrant here." Appellant Br. at 24 n.10. However, he contends that the Department of Justice originally sought the amendment on October 18, 2013, almost eighteen months before the NIT warrant was issued, indicating that the agency knew that the warrant was not authorized by Rule 41(b) at the time. Although plausible, the amendment may also reflect that the drafters of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure did not believe that it was unreasonable for a magistrate judge to issue a NIT warrant, and that the Rules had simply failed to keep up with technological changes. Werdene's argument, on its own, is insufficient for us to determine that the FBI did not act in good-faith.
Werdene proffers two additional pieces of evidence to demonstrate that the FBI did not act in good-faith, neither of which is compelling.
First, he contends that a published decision by the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas in 2013-In re Warrant to Search a Target Computer at Premises Unknown , 958 F.Supp.2d 753 (S.D. Tex. 2013) -put the FBI on notice that NIT-like warrants violate Rule 41, which prompted the Department of Justice to seek an amendment to the Rule. But the warrant at issue in that case was significantly more invasive than the NIT warrant here because the "software ha[d] the capacity to search [and transmit] the computer's hard drive, random access memory, and other storage media; to activate the computer's built-in camera; [and] to generate latitude and longitude coordinates for the computer's location." Id . at 755. The NIT had none of these capabilities, making it entirely plausible for a reasonably well-trained officer to presume that the NIT was not forbidden under In re Warrant .
Furthermore, In re Warrant was decided by a single magistrate judge in Texas-it has no binding precedential authority and does not reflect the opinions of judges in other jurisdictions. Contrary to Werdene's assertions at oral argument, the legal landscape here was entirely unlike that in Katzin , where government agents relied on a 3-1 federal circuit split to conduct a warrantless search. 769 F.3d at 180-81. It was therefore entirely conceivable for the FBI to believe that reasonable magistrate judges could differ on the legality of the NIT. This view is reinforced by the fact that a number of federal district courts have issued opinions reaching different conclusions on NIT-related suppression motions. Compare United States v. Levin , 186 F.Supp.3d 26 (D. Mass. 2016) (NIT case granting suppression), vacated and remanded , 874 F.3d at 324, with United States v. Michaud , No. 3:15-CR-05351-RJB, 2016 WL 337263 (W.D. Wash. Jan. 28, 2016) (NIT case denying suppression).
Second, Werdene argues that the FBI breached the Department of Justice's Computer Crime and Intellectual Property Section's revised manual for U.S. Attorney's Offices. See Department of Justice, Criminal Division, Computer Crime and Intellectual Property Section, Searching and Seizing Computers and Obtaining Electronic Evidence in Criminal Investigations (3d ed. 2009). This manual was published in 2009 and advises that "[a]gents should obtain multiple warrants if they have reason to believe that a network search will retrieve data stored in multiple locations." Id . at 84. However, we decline to impute to the FBI agents the same understanding of legal nuances that is expected from the U.S. Attorney's Office. See United States v. Tracey , 597 F.3d 140, 152 (3d Cir. 2010) ("[T]he knowledge and understanding of law enforcement officers and their appreciation for constitutional intricacies are not to be judged by the standards applicable to lawyers.") (quoting United States v. Cardall , 773 F.2d 1128, 1133 (10th Cir. 1985) ); see also Workman , 863 F.3d at 1321 ("We expect agents executing warrants to be 'reasonably well-trained,' but we do not expect them to understand legal nuances the way that an attorney would.").
| CASELAW |
This space contains the old OpenAthens SP documentation and is no longer maintained.
OpenAthens SP software is already out of support and reached end of life in May 2020.
Check out OpenAthens Keystone instead. It's supercool and makes dealing with SAML much easier.
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Prerequisites
• A server running .NET and IIS
• Server time synced with NTP or equivalent
• Familiarity with your chosen platform
• Access to the publisher dashboard.
Method
The application is 32bit. For brevity, all quoted file-paths assume a 64bit environment and default install location.
1. Install OpenAthens software
1. You can get the software from our service desk (athenshelp@eduserv.org.uk)
2. Generate or install a metadata signing certificate - most federations allow these to be self-signed and last several years. To generate a key-pair, run the script in the keys folder:
C:\Program Files (x86)\Eduserv\OpenAthens.Net\keys\gen_self_signed_cert.bat
For details, or to import a pre-existing key pair, see: Install metadata signing certificates on .NET
3. If you have not already done so, create an application in the publisher dashboard. You will have the opportunity to paste in the signing certificate you generated in the previous step.when you set it up
1. If this is for an existing application, open the application details and go to the getting started tab of the application details to add this certificate.
4. The dashboard will provide text to copy and paste in these two areas of your web.config file:
1. Referencing the OpenAthens.Net.dll assembly in the <compilation> section, e.g:
<compilation>
<assemblies>
<add assembly="OpenAthens.Net,Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=17390934318f9b06"/>
<add assembly="atacama.net, Version=2.1.3.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=6E679382149F5665"/>
</assemblies>
</compilation>
2. Referencing your OpenAthens configuration published by the publisher dashboard in the <configuration> section (in a single line), e.g:
<openAthens atacamaConfig="https://sp.openathens.net/configurations?id=XxXxXxXxXxXxXxXxXx" accessKey="xxxxxxx-xxxxxx-xxxxxx-xxxxxx" logConfig="C:\Program Files (x86)\Eduserv\OpenAthens.Net\conf\defaultLogConfig.xml"/>
5. Still in the web.config file, define an openAthens section name under <configSections> - e.g:
<configSections>
<section name="openAthens" type="Eduserv.OpenAthens.OpenAthensConfigSection"/>
</configSections>
6. You can then define the OpenAthens enabled area in the <configuration> section of your web.config file, e.g:
<location path="Protected.aspx">
<openAthens>
<authentication enabled="true"/>
</openAthens>
<system.web>
<authorization>
<deny users="?"/>
</authorization>
</system.web>
</location>
(The enabled section could be the whole restricted section of your site, but might just be necessary to integrate part of your existing authorisation section, depending on whether your existing code will handle returning the user to the target page they were originally trying to access)
7. Next integrate OpenAthens SP with the ASP.NET pipeline. How this is done will depend on the version of IIS and which mode it is in. We will assume integrated mode here, as that is most common, and that it is set such that all requests are channelled through the pipeline. In such cases you need only add a line to your web.config in the <system.webServer> section to include OpenAthens SP, e.g:
<system.webServer>
<modules runAllManagedModulesForAllRequests="true">
<add name="OpenAthensServerModule" type="Eduserv.OpenAthens.ServerModule"/>
</modules>
</system.webServer>
If you need to use classic mode, see: Integrating OpenAthens with the ASP.NET pipeline in IIS classic mode
8. Check folder permissions to ensure the IIS user can access them:
1. OpenAthens software, typically in C:\Program Files (x86)\Eduserv\OpenAthens.Net. The IIS_USERS group will need to list, read and execute.
2. Program data, typically in C:\ProgramData\Eduserv\OpenAthens\. The IIS_USERS group will need modify, read and list.
9. Finally, restart IIS to download the configuration from the publisher dashboard and start using it.
Configure your application
See OpenAthens SP common
Advanced
When there will be more than one organisation accessing by this method, such as in a federation, you would usually restrict access by checking the users' scope. See: Example .NET scope check.
SP can be used under a child application in IIS. You would just need to include the child's path in the application prefix and logout path on the configuration tab of your application in the publisher dashboard - e.g. the application path might change from /oa to /mychildapp/oa.
• No labels | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:The Gilded Age - Twain - 1874.pdf/473
name—but I took ample security. The worst that can happen will be a little inconvenience."
Mrs. Bolton looked grave and anxious, but she did not complain or remonstrate; she knew what a "little inconvenience" meant, but she knew there was no help for it. If Mr. Bolton had been on his way to market to buy a dinner for his family with the only dollar he had in the world in his pocket, he would have given it to a chance beggar who asked him for it. Mrs. Bolton only asked (and the question showed that she was no more provident than her husband where her heart was interested),
"But has thee provided money for Philip to use in opening the coal mine?"
"Yes, I have set apart as much as it ought to cost to open the mine, as much as we can afford to lose if no coal is found. Philip has the control of it, as equal partner in the venture, deducting the capital invested. He has great confidence in his success, and I hope for his sake he won't be disappointed."
Philip could not but feel that he was treated very much like one of the Bolton family—by all except Ruth. His mother, when he went home after his recovery from his accident, had affected to be very jealous of Mrs. Bolton, about whom and Ruth she asked a thousand questions—an affectation of jealousy which no doubt concealed a real heartache, which comes to every mother when her son goes out into the world and forms new ties. And to Mrs. Sterling, a widow, living on a small income in a remote Massachusetts village, Philadelphia was a city of many splendors. All its inhabitants seemed highly favored, dwelling in ease and surrounded by superior advantages. Some of her neighbors had relations living in Philadelphia, and it seemed to them somehow a guarantee of respectability to have relations in Philadelphia. Mrs. Sterling was not sorry to have Philip make his way among such well-to-do people, and she was sure that no good fortune could be too good for his deserts.
"So, sir," said Ruth, when Philip came from New York, | WIKI |
Badshah Begum (TV series)
Badshah Begum is a 2022 Pakistani television historical drama series produced by Rafay Rashdi and Momina Duraid under the banners of Rafay Rashdi Productions and MD Productions, written by Saji Gul and directed by Khizer Idrees.It features Zara Noor Abbas, Farhan Saeed, Hamza Sohail, Ali Rehman Khan, Yasir Hussain, Shahzad Nawaz, Komal Meer and Saman Ansari in prominent roles.The story revolves around politics, power lust and rivalry among siblings to get the throne.The series aired on Hum TV from 1 March 2022 to 18 October 2022.
Plot
The drama is set in the fictional village of Peeraan Pur (Interior Larkana, Sindh) which tells the real concept of Gaddi and Politics. When undesired circumstances force his city-born and raised children Jahan Ara, Roshan and Shahmir to their hometown, they find themselves tangled in powerplay and politics that they never wished to be a part of. What follows is an epic tale of dynastic politics, sibling rivalry and anarchy.
Badshah Begum is based on true historical incidents which took place during the 16th and 17th centuries. The characters of Jahan Ara and Roshan Ara are based on the historical figures which lived during the Mughal Empire. They were daughters of the fifth Mughal emperor Shah Jahan, Jahanara Begum and Roshanara Begum. Jahanara was the most honorable Badshah Begum of that time who established herself in the Agra Fort. The drama highlights incidents that occurred during the rule of Jahanara Begum.
Episodes
The series premiered its first episode on 1 March 2022 on Hum TV and concluded on 18 October 2022 with 31 episodes (Each episode has 34-39 minutes in length). Below is the listing of released date of each episode :
Soundtrack
The official soundtrack of the series is performed by Ali Pervez Mehdi on the lyrics of Saji Gul and Music Composition by Suhaib Rashdi. The Original Sound Track of the series widely praised by the audience.People loves the OST and the overall feel.
Reception
Minutes before its launch, the serial trended at number 1 on twitter along with Zara Noor Abbas, Farhan Saeed and Yasir Hussain as well. The first episode achieved decent ratings of 5.8 TRP and mixed response from audience and social media users. However, while reviewing first episode, critics lauded the direction and performances of the cast members. After airing 6 episodes, Youline Magazine praised the performances of almost all the actors but criticised the, writing, executional lapses and slow pace. The story was however praised stating, "On paper, the story certainly has good bones".
Development and casting
After making his big screen debut as producer and director, Rafay Rashdi started working on his next project in late 2017 which was written by Saji Gul. Saba Qamar was selected to play the main role. It was then decided to release as a web-series with other actors until early 2019 including Faysal Quraishi, Imran Ashraf, Mohsin Abbas Haider and Gohar Rasheed. Qamar was then replaced by Iman Ali after which the project was shelved due to some unknown reasons. In late 2021, the work on the project restarted with Farhan Saeed revealed to be a part of the project and it was changed to a television series under the banner of MD Productions of Momina Duraid and Rafay Rashdi Production. Zara Noor Abbas was chosen to play the main role, earlier offered to Ali. In early 2022, it was also announced that Yasir Hussain and Ali Rehman Khan had also joined the cast with other cast members of Saman Ansari, Shahzad Nawaz, Hamza Sohail, Komal Meer, Hiba Aziz and Abul Hassan.
Filming and location
The principal photography began in Larkana in October 2021 with a spell of 90 days on the ancestral Haveli of the producer, Rashdi. After that, the filming also took place in Karachi.
Release and promotion
The first teaser was released on 2 February 2022 while the original soundtrack was released on 24 February 2022.
The series premiered on 1 March 2022, Tuesdays with a timeslot of 08:00pm by succeeding Ibn-e-Hawwa, while Ibn-e-Hawwa moved to Saturdays, as Qissa Meherbano Ka ended. | WIKI |
Page:Primitive Culture Vol 2.djvu/231
Rh The position of tree-worship in Southern Asia in relation to Buddhism is of particular interest. To this day there are districts of this region, Buddhist or under strong Buddhist influence, where tree-worship is still displayed with absolute clearness of theory and practice. Here in legend a dryad is a being capable of marriage with a human hero, while in actual fact a tree-deity is considered human enough to be pleased with dolls set up to swing in the branches. The Talein of Burmah, before they cut down a tree, offer prayers to its 'kaluk ' (i.q., 'kelah'), its inhabiting spirit or soul. The Siamese offer cakes and rice to the takhien-tree before they fell it, and believe the inhabiting nymphs or mothers of trees to pass into guardian-spirits of the boats built of their wood, so that they actually go on offering sacrifice to them in this their new condition. These people have indeed little to learn from any other race, however savage, of the principles of the lower animism. The question now arises, did such tree-worship belong to the local religions among which Buddhism established itself? There is strong evidence that this was the case. Philosophic Buddhism, as known to us by its theological books, does not include trees among sentient beings possessing mind, but it goes so far as to acknowledge the existence of the 'dewa' or genius of a tree. Buddha, it is related, told a story of a tree crying out to the brahman carpenter who was going to cut it down, 'I have a word to say, hear my word!' but then the teacher goes on to explain that it was not really the tree that spoke, but a dewa dwelling in it. Buddha himself was a tree-genius forty-three times in the course of his transmigrations. Legend says that during one such existence, a certain brahman used to pray for protection to the tree which Buddha was attached to; but the transformed teacher reproved the tree-worshipper for thus | WIKI |
User:Wavedirect/sandbox
Wavedirect Telecommunications Inc. is a Canadian rural internet service provider and providers cable internet access to customers in Southwestern Ontario. It is one of the largest rural fixed wireless broadband service providers in the province of Ontario. It is headquartered at Leamington, Ontario, Canada.
History
Wavedirect was founded in September 2004 by Abe and Susan Guenther.
In 2004, Wavedirect only had two service offerings, rural high-speed internet for residential homes and rural business internet packages.
In Aug 2016, the company partnered with Cogeco Cable Services to provide cable internet to customers in the Windsor & Essex County region.
In Sept 2019, Wavedirect will be expanding its network into the Chatham-Kent region.
Services
Wavedirect provides fixed wireless internet access to remote areas through fixed wireless networks. It is constantly updating its companies infrastructure and technology to bring the best rural internet experience possible to its subscriber base.
Core Values
The company has been steadily growing organically on its strong ethics and core values.
* Honesty & Integrity
* Open Communication
* Committed to Working Hard
* Humble yet Confident
We try and adhere to these core values at all times while serving the public and providing access to the internet for people living in rural areas of Southwestern Ontario. | WIKI |
How to upgrade virtualenv (virtual environment) to Python 3.7 on Ubuntu ( Ubuntu server 18.04 )
Just wanted to bump this up a bit. I finally got around to doing this tonight. Took 10 min or so and I had zero issues. I honestly was caught off guard by how well it went. Thank you very much for the easy to follow guide
One thing to note I had a few shell commands in my setup and could not figure out why they were not working anymore.
I have not fixed yet, but I’m pretty sure I need to change the command from
python3 /home/homeassistant/.homeassistant/python_scripts/lock_car.py
to
python3.7 /home/homeassistant/.homeassistant/python_scripts/lock_car.py
A big “Thank you!” to @Alexander_Stepanov and @markbajaj for their helpful instructions. I finally took the plunge and updated my production system from 0.89 to 0.103.2.
It was quite the leap but my test system was already running 0.103.2 (albeit with docker) so at least I knew the configuration changes I would need to make. What has caused me to procrastinate is that it the production system uses a venv and I wasn’t certain how to perform the python upgrade.
Anyway, the instructions helped me a great deal. The biggest glitch occurred when Home Assistant attempted to build the cryptography wheel and aborted. It referred to PEP 517 and after a search through the forum I found I needed to backtrack and do this:
sudo apt-get install libssl-dev
Afterwards, the second attempt to install Home Assistant ran without a problem.
Some more tweaking was needed to clean up my configuration file and then everything settled down to work nominally.
Thanks again!
1 Like
I’m trying to upgrade Python on my system (just installed a Fedora system that comes with Python 3.4.3) and have a silly question.
So I activated the environment and from within venv I try to run the first command
sudo apt update
Then I get a message about a password to the venv. Do I need to “logon” to this virtual environment? If yes, what’s the password? There was no step anywhere I can remember that asked me to create a password
The sudo command requires your userid password. You may not have a password for your homeassistant userid because you have not set a password.
whoami will show your userid.
Either set a password for your homeassistant user and put that userid into the sudoers group or exit back you your login userid and run apt commands from there.
2 Likes
Can I just thank you. These are more concise and complete directions that literally anywhere else that I have found.
1 Like
@Alexander_Stepanov I’m confused here, if you move the venv aren’t you just installing fresh HA here?
Basically, yes. But you’re pointing it to the same config folder, so it just starts up as if nothing happened. Same thing as when you upgrade a docker container.
Edit: “docket” —> “docker”
1 Like
my bad, i didn’t realised i installed in /srv/ that’s what confused me, thanks! | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Kakababu Here Gelen?
Kakababu Here Gelen? is a Bengali detective film of Kakababu series, released in 1995 under the banner of National Film Development Corporation. It is based on a detective novel of Sunil Gangopadhyay in the same name. The movie is a prequel to the 2001 Bengali movie Ek Tukro Chand directed by Pinaki Chaudhuri. Soumitra Chatterjee played the role of antihero in this movie.
Plot
Being unable to maintain his maternal uncle's ancestral house, Biman and his wife Dipa sell their house to a person who decides to demolish it and build something new there. So, Biman and Dipa want Kakababu (Raja Roy Chowdhury) and his nephew Santu to visit the place on 5 March as Biman would have to hand over the building to the buyer by 8 March. However, Santu's examinations would end on 9 March, so he could not accompany them. Kakababu, Biman and Dipa visit the house which is in Alinagar, near Birbhum, along with an expert antique dealer, Asit Dhar.
In the course of their conversations, Biman tells Kakababu and Asit Dhar about his mother's uncle, Dharma Narayan Rao. He had adopted Christianity and changed his name to Gregory Rao. As he had converted to a different religion, he was banished from his house. Ten years later, he was brought back home but he had become completely eccentric. However, he often mentioned about the presence of a valuable item in his possession. Few years later, he was found dead in his room. After his death, his room was searched but no valuable item could be found.
Asit Dhar grew curious and late in the night he tried to enter the room but could not. The next morning, everybody went to have a look at the room and there Asit Dhar saw something that made him greedy to steal it. He deliberately pushed Kakababu from the stairs and while Biman and his wife became busy in helping Kakababu, Asit Dhar fled with the item.
Kakababu gets angry with Asit Dhar for injuring him. The latter also challenges Kakababu to identify what item he had stolen. Kakababu seeks help from the police to recover the item the latter had stolen from Biman's house. In the meanwhile, he asks his nephew to observe Asit Dhar and take photographs of whatever he does and wherever he goes.
At the end of the day, Asit Dhar himself comes to Kakababu and hands over 12 pearls and some jewelry that he had found in the bed on which Gregory Rao slept. He said that he had stolen those things from the room and not the ruby necklace of Nawab Siraj ud-Daulah which everybody was suspecting.
When he was leaving, Santu pushed Asit Dhar intentionally to avenge for his uncle. At that moment, Asit Dhar's briefcase opened up and a Bible printed by Gutenberg fell out. Kakababu later realised that it was actually the Bible that Asit Dhar had stolen. They immediately set off and nabbed him in the airport just before he was boarding the plane to London.
Kakababu admitted that the Bible would be kept in the National Library with the name of Asit Dhar as its discoverer.
Cast
* Sabyasachi Chakrabarty as Kakababu
* Soumitra Chatterjee as Asit Dhar
* Kushal Chakraborty as Biman
* Dolon Roy as Dipa
* Sunil Mukherjee as Gregory Rao
* Moon Moon Sen as Mun mun (Guest appearance)
* Bharat Kaul as Sachin
* Arghyo Chakraborty as Santu
* Partha Sarathi Deb | WIKI |
Talk:List of World War I flying aces from Austria-Hungary
Information needed/desired
Five aces on this list were found in a source that does not offer a victory-by-victory listing to verify that they are aces. Awards and honors are also missing, so that their notability cannot be determined. These aces are Joseph Siegel, Franz Oberst, Vincenz Mageri, Benko Karoly, and Wedige von Froreich. They are on this list provisionally, and as a consequence of the dearth of data, have yet to be entered on List of World War I flying aces.
Two other fairly high-scoring aces are listed here and at List of World War I flying aces because their victory lists check out. However, they are considered non-notable because it isn't known if they were awarded medals, decorations, or honors by Austria-Hungary, despite their being the 8th and 9th ranking aces of the Empire. However, Stefan Feje's photo at http://www.theaerodrome.com/aces/austrhun/fejes.php shows him wearing a row of medals on his uniform, and it is unlikely that Ernst Strohschneider's 15 victories went unrewarded. Again, all info is welcome.
Georgejdorner (talk) 21:17, 4 April 2011 (UTC)
Fejes, Strohschneider, Kenzian, Udvardy all verified as notable. Changes are afoot.
Georgejdorner (talk) 17:11, 21 May 2011 (UTC)
In O'Connor's "Air Aces of the Austro-Hungarian Empire":
* Seigel = only shown in a photo
* von Froreich = 4 confirmed victories
* Magerl = 1 victory while piloting Weber
* Franz Oberst = 4 confirmed victories
* Karoly is unmentioned.
Georgejdorner (talk) 17:26, 21 May 2011 (UTC)
Let's discuss any changes
Hello, all,
I realize this list contains information that may tend to spark volatile action from some editors. In the interests of WP:NPOV, and of an improved list, changes to this list should be both discussed and verifiable, and not just a matter of opinion. An ongoing courteous dialogue will nicely serve WP's purpose.
I thank all in advance for their civility.
Georgejdorner (talk) 16:21, 10 July 2013 (UTC) | WIKI |
Page:Raymond Spears--Diamond Tolls.djvu/41
"It's that I am here to feel and enjoy," she told herself.
Up stream, the plane sloped up and miles back she could see the waters coming down toward her, a wave that rose surely to a crest a thousand miles away and a thousand feet in the air—such a wave as the sea never dreams of throwing, but which the imagination pictures as one floats in a low shantyboat somewhere down the face of that whelming swell. Suppose that wave should heave up and break? Fancy swinging under the crest of a wave breaking a thousand feet higher than one's head!
Delia, feeling that wave, shuddered a little. That wave, in fact, for her was swelling up and swinging over and breaking down upon her—not the Mississippi tide wave, but another wave, a spiritual wave which she believed and hoped would engulf her. It pleased her fancy to recall the river woman's quaint statement that the forks of the Ohio was the jumping-off place for some.
But while she enjoyed the sensation of the oblivion, and while she gazed with pleasure at the miles up stream and the miles down stream, and the great breadth of protecting torrent between her and the far shantyboats and the occasional ferries, she became conscious of a menace. A cold chill swept along her back. She looked up and down and around, | WIKI |
Michael Morin
Michael A. Morin is an American politician and a Democratic member of the Rhode Island House of Representatives representing District 49 since March 4, 2014.
Education
Morin attended the Community College of Rhode Island.
Elections
* 2014 In the special election to replace Representative Lisa Baldelli-Hunt, Morin won the three-way January 21, 2014 Democratic Primary with 344 votes (52.3%) and won the February 25, 2014 General election with 233 votes (83.5%) against write-in candidates.
* 2012 Morin challenged District 3 incumbent Representative Baldelli-Hunt in the three-way September 11, 2012 Democratic Primary but lost to Representative Baldelli-Hunt, who went on to win re-election in the November 6, 2012 General election against Republican nominee Michael Moniz. Baldelli-Hunt won election to mayor of Woonsocket during the term, and resigned to take the position. | WIKI |
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