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How to Install a CPU:
QuickStart Guide
Note: See our complete guide to build a pc for more detail on installing a CPU (and all your other parts) including quality images from our most recent real-life build to make it easier for you to follow along.
One of the key parts of building your own computer is installing a CPU. The CPU is regarded as the brains of your PC and is one of the most delicate components so you must take care and have an idea of what you're doing when installing one. Although, I must admit these days it's very hard to screw up the installation of a processor since they are designed to install easily.
Find the CPU Socket
Locate the processor socket on your motherboard. The CPU socket is square and with many pinholes on it. Now, raise the brown lever on the socket so that you are able to install the CPU in it. Don't actually install the CPU yet though.
Before installing a CPU in the socket you need to match up the pinholes from the socket to the pins on the actual CPU. There is only one proper way to match them up, so hold your CPU by its sides and examine the pins, and then match them to the pinholes on the CPU socket.
Install CPU
Once you have the pins all matched up, slowly and carefully insert the CPU into the socket. It should fit in gently if you have the pins matched up correctly. Don't force it in too hard, although meeting a little resistance when fitting the CPU in is normal.
Some CPUs will make a slight snapping or clicking noise once it has been installed all the way, while some will not. Once you're sure it's fitted in properly, close the brown lever on the CPU socket to firmly secure the CPU in place.
Installing the Heatsink and Fan
The next step to installing a CPU is to attach the heatsink to the CPU. You need to install the heatsink correctly so that it does not come loose and let your CPU burn to death.
If your heatsink has a separate fan, then connect the fan to the heatsink first. Then you need to follow the instructions that came with the heatsink to install it to the CPU, as different manufacturers have different methods of installation. Don't worry it's very simple to do, just follow the instructions carefully and take it one step at a time.
Once the heatsink is fitted to the CPU correctly, you need to connect the heatsink's power leads to the headers on the motherboard.
You need to locate the correct header on the motherboard to connect to, as they have more than one. Once again follow the instructions that came with the heatsink to locate the proper header. Once you connect the power lead, make sure it is securely in place.
Also, if you are going to be applying thermal paste to your CPU and heatsink to help with cooling, learn how to apply thermal compound here. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:ImRDVerma
RD Verma RD Verma is an empyoyee of UPPCL( Uttar Pradesh Power Corporation Limited) as a Technician grade II. He is working in Shrawsti District of State Uttar Pradesh. | WIKI |
MIDEAST STOCKS-Most markets rise on Biden transition, vaccine optimism
Nov 24 (Reuters) - Most major Gulf markets tracked broader Asia stocks higher on Tuesday, helped by a formal transition approval for U.S. President-elect Joe Biden and new coronavirus vaccine developments.
U.S. President Donald Trump on Monday gave the head of the General Services Administration the go-ahead to proceed with a transition to a government led by Biden despite plans to continue with legal challenges.
Saudi Arabia's benchmark index .TASI put on 0.3%, driven by gains in National Commercial Bank 1180.SE and Saudi Basic Industries Corp 2010.SE, which added 0.7% each.
Dubai's main share index .DFMGI surged 1.6%, with financials and real estate stocks leading the gains.
Property stock Emaar Properties EMAR.DU added more than 4%, while lender Dubai Islamic Bank DISB.DU tacked on 1.8%.
The Abu Dhabi index .ADI, however, bucked the trend, easing 0.4%.
First Abu Dhabi Bank FAB.AD lost about 0.8%, while International Holdings Co IHC.AD shed 1.2%.
In Qatar, the index .QSI edged up 0.1%, with industrial firm United Development Co UDCD.QA gaining 6.6% to be the top gainer in the benchmark.
Financial markets globally have gained in recent weeks from encouraging news in the development of a vaccine in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic, spurring hopes of a speedy global economic revival.
Brent crude prices on Tuesday hit their highest levels since March, before Saudi Arabia initiated a price war with Russia, which sent oil prices crashing. O/R
(Reporting by Aby Jose Koilparambil in Bengaluru; Editing by Ramakrishnan M.)
((abyjose.koilparambil@thomsonreuters.com; +91 (0)8061822683;))
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Daily Crypto Discussion - November 25, 2024 (GMT+0)
**Welcome to the Daily Crypto Discussion thread. Please read the disclaimer and rules before participating.**
***
###Disclaimer:
Consider all information posted here with several liberal heaps of salt, and always cross check any information you may read on this thread with known sources. Any trade information posted in this open thread may be highly misleading, and could be an attempt to manipulate new readers by known "pump and dump (PnD) groups" for their own profit. BEWARE of such practices and exercise utmost caution before acting on any trade tip mentioned here.
**Please be careful about what information you share and the actions you take.** Do not share the amounts of your portfolios (why not just share percentage?). Do not share your private keys or wallet seed. Use strong, non-SMS 2FA if possible. Beware of scammers and be smart. Do not invest more than you can afford to lose, and do not fall for pyramid schemes, promises of unrealistic returns (get-rich-quick schemes), and other common scams.
***
###Rules:
- All [sub rules](https://www.reddit.com/r/CryptoCurrency/about/rules/) apply in this thread. The prior exemption for karma and age requirements is no longer in effect.
- Discussion topics must be related to cryptocurrency.
- Behave with civility and politeness. Do not use offensive, racist or homophobic language.
- Comments will be sorted by newest first.
***
###Useful Links:
- [**Beginner Resources**](https://www.reddit.com/r/CryptoCurrency/wiki/beginner_resources)
- [**Intro to r/Cryptocurrency MOONs 🌔**](https://www.reddit.com/r/CryptoCurrency/comments/gj96lb/introducing_rcryptocurrency_moons/)
- [**MOONs Wiki Page**](https://www.reddit.com/r/CryptoCurrency/wiki/moons_wiki/)
- [**r/CryptoCurrency Discord**](https://www.reddit.com/r/CryptoCurrency/comments/kth255/join_the_crypto_currency_discord/)
- [**r/CryptoCurrencyMemes**](https://www.reddit.com/r/cryptocurrencymemes)
- [**Prior Daily Discussions**](https://www.reddit.com/r/CryptoCurrency/search?q=title%3A%22Daily+Crypto+Discussion+-+%22+&restrict_sr=on&sort=new&t=all) - (Link fixed.)
- [**r/CryptoCurrencyMeta**](https://www.reddit.com/r/CryptoCurrencyMeta/) - Join in on all meta discussions regarding r/CryptoCurrency whether it be moon distributions or governance.
***
### Finding Other Discussion Threads
Follow a mod account below to be notified in your home feed when the latest r/CC discussion thread of your interest is posted.
* u/CryptoDaily- — Posts the Daily Crypto Discussion threads.
* u/CryptoSkeptics — Posts the Monthly Skeptics Discussion threads.
* u/CryptoOptimists- — Posts the Monthly Optimists Discussion threads.
* u/CryptoNewsUpdates — Posts the Monthly News Summary threads. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Microdata (statistics)
In the study of survey and census data, microdata is information at the level of individual respondents. For instance, a national census might collect age, home address, educational level, employment status, and many other variables, recorded separately for every person who responds; this is microdata.
Advantages
Survey/census results are most commonly published as aggregates (e.g. a regional-level employment rate), both for privacy reasons and because of the large quantities of data involved; microdata for one census can easily contain millions of records, each with several dozen data items.
However, summarizing results to an aggregate level results in information loss. For instance, if statistics for education and employment are aggregated separately, they cannot be used to explore a relationship between these two variables. Access to microdata allows researchers much more freedom to investigate such interactions and perform detailed analysis.
Availability
For this reason, some statistical organizations allow access to microdata for research purposes. Controls are generally imposed to limit the risk that this data may be abused or lead to loss of privacy. For example, the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series requires researchers to implement security measures, avoid redistribution of microdata, use microdata only for noncommercial research/education purposes, and not make any attempt to identify the individuals recorded. Names and fine-level geographical data are removed, some data items are altered as necessary to make it impossible to identify individuals, and small ethnic categories are merged.
The International Household Survey Network has developed tools and guidelines to help interested statistical agencies improve their microdata management practices. The Microdata Management Toolkit is a DDI metadata editor which is now used in about 80 countries, with the support of the Accelerated Data Program, implemented by the PARIS21 Secretariat, the World Bank, and other partners, in the context of the Marrakech Action Plan for Statistics. | WIKI |
John Pekyns
John Pekyns was an Oxford college head in the 16th century.
Pekyns was educated at Exeter College, Oxford, graduating B.A. in 1523 and M.A. in 1524. He was Rector from 1531 to 1534. A priest, he held the living at Bradwell juxta Mare from 1542 until his deprivation in 1554. He was also a Canon of Westminster. | WIKI |
Persisting sign-in state with Angular service
With a barebones UI in place, we need to start building some actual functionality into the application. The forms actually need to submit its contents to something instead of just logging them, and the UI has to have some indication as to whether a user in signed in or signed out. Additionally, the “Profile” page has to be locked down to signed in users only. To accomplish all of this, we’ll need to start adding some persistent state to the client side!
User service
Angular services are a great fit for what we want to do, so let’s make one! I’ll throw it in a \shared\user directory, just to keep track of it.
\src\app\shared\user $ ng g s user
installing service
create src\app\shared\user\user.service.spec.ts
create src\app\shared\user\user.service.ts
WARNING Service is generated but not provided, it must be provided to be used
The CLI has helpfully warned us that this service hasn’t been provided anywhere in the app. As we only ever want a single instance of this service, we’ll provide it in the root of the application – app.module.ts.
// app.module.ts
...
import { HeaderComponent } from './header/header.component';
+ import { UserService } from './shared/user/user.service';
...
- providers: [],
+ providers: [UserService],
...
We’ll flesh it out with some placeholder functions, using local storage to cache a simulated authentication token on the client side. Note that this is one small step above useless – it doesn’t check anything, it doesn’t reach out to the server, it just basically sets the status to signed in or signed out when told to. We’ll implement this for real shortly.
// user.service.ts
import { Http } from '@angular/http';
import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
@Injectable()
export class UserService {
private authToken = 'auth_token';
private signedIn: boolean = false;
constructor(private http: Http) {
this.signedIn = !!localStorage.getItem(this.authToken);
}
signIn(email: string, password: string) {
// This would be where we call out to the server to authenticate
// We'll use 'token' as a placeholder for now
localStorage.setItem(this.authToken, 'token');
this.signedIn = true;
}
create(username: string, email: string, password: string) {
// Obviously this is not what this function will ultimately do
this.signIn(email, password);
}
signOut() {
localStorage.removeItem(this.authToken);
this.signedIn = false;
}
isSignedIn() {
return this.signedIn;
}
}
Allow “signing in”
For the time being, there will be two ways to sign into the app. An existing user can sign in (duh), or a new user can register. This means both the sign-in component and the sign-up component will need access to the user service.
// Both sign-in.component.ts and sign-up.component.ts
...
+ import { UserService } from './../shared/user/user.service';
...
- constructor() { }
+ constructor(private userService: UserService) { }
...
We’ll also connect the form submission to the user service:
// sign-in.component.ts
- onSignIn(email, password) {
- console.log(this.form);
+ onSignIn() {
+ let formContents = this.form.value;
+ this.userService.signIn(formContents.email, formContents.password);
}
// sign-up.component.ts
onSignUp() {
- console.log(this.form);
+ let formContents = this.form.value;
+ this.userService.create(formContents.username, formContents.email, formContents.passwords.password)
}
Signing in
This is all well and good, but how do we know if we’re signed in or not? One way to do so would be change the navigation bar depending on the status. That will address a bit of the usability, as well as taking care of visualizing the state. Like with the sign in and sign out components, we’ll get rid of the OnInit at the same time.
// header.component.ts
- import { Component, OnInit } from '@angular/core';
+ import { Component } from '@angular/core';
+ import { UserService } from './../shared/user/user.service';
@Component({
selector: 'app-header',
templateUrl: './header.component.html',
styleUrls: ['./header.component.css']
})
- export class HeaderComponent implements OnInit {
+ export class HeaderComponent {
+ constructor(private userService: UserService) { }
- constructor() { }
+ isSignedIn() {
+ return this.userService.isSignedIn();
+ }
- ngOnInit() {
+ signOut() {
+ this.userService.signOut();
}
}
We’ll make the header show the appropriate links when relevant, and add a button in to sign out.
// header.component.html
<nav>
<a [routerLink]="['/']">Home</a>
<a [routerLink]="['/profile']">Profile</a>
- <a [routerLink]="['/sign-in']">Sign In</a>
- <a [routerLink]="['/sign-up']">Sign Up</a>
+ <a *ngIf="!isSignedIn()" [routerLink]="['/sign-in']">Sign In</a>
+ <a *ngIf="!isSignedIn()" [routerLink]="['/sign-up']">Sign Up</a>
+ <button *ngIf="isSignedIn()" (click)="signOut()" style="float: right;">Sign Out</button>
</nav>
This pretty much works! It’s a bit gross usability wise, but we’re getting there…
signingin
Before signing in, users can sign in and sign up
signout
After signing in, the sign in links disappear and a sign out button appears
So maybe there’s a kink or two to work out… We can improve this all significantly for pretty cheap.
Route away
The app makes a bunch more sense if sent the user to a different page after signing in/signing out. For the naive first pass, we can just send everybody to the “profile” page. At this point, all its accomplishing is not showing the user the “sign in” page right after signing in.
// sign-in.component.ts
+ import { Router } from '@angular/router';
...
- constructor(private formBuilder: FormBuilder, private userService: UserService) {
+ constructor(private formBuilder: FormBuilder, private userService: UserService, private router: Router) {
...
onSignIn() {
let formContents = this.form.value;
this.userService.signIn(formContents.email, formContents.password);
+ this.router.navigateByUrl("/profile");
}
Samesies for the sign-up component.
// sign-up.component.ts
+ import { Router } from '@angular/router';
...
- constructor(private formBuilder: FormBuilder, private userService: UserService) {
+ constructor(private formBuilder: FormBuilder, private userService: UserService, private router: Router) {
...
onSignUp() {
let formContents = this.form.value;
this.userService.create(formContents.username, formContents.email, formContents.passwords.password)
+ this.router.navigateByUrl("/profile");
}
Also dump the user on the home page when they’ve signed out
// header.component.ts
+ import { Router } from '@angular/router';
...
- constructor(private userService: UserService) { }
+ constructor(private userService: UserService, private router: Router) { }
...
signOut() {
this.userService.signOut();
+ this.router.navigateByUrl("/");
}
Things are pretty much working with the sign in/sign out flow. Unfortunately nothing is respecting whether a user is signed in or signed out. In particular, it was a goal that the profile page would be locked to only signed in users. That’s not happening right now – a signed out user can navigate right back to the profile page, so lets prevent that from happening.
Guarding the profile page
The whole point of signing in is to differentiate access to particular resources. We’re simulating that with the profile page – pretending that’s something that’s only accessible to logged in users. To restrict access, we’ll make use of an Angular guard.
// min-auth/min-auth-client/src/app/shared/authenticated.guard.ts
import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
import { CanActivate, Router } from '@angular/router';
import { UserService } from './user/user.service';
@Injectable()
export class AuthenticatedGuard implements CanActivate {
constructor(private userService: UserService, private router: Router) { }
canActivate() {
if (!this.userService.isSignedIn()) {
this.router.navigate(['/sign-in']);
return false;
}
return true;
}
}
Provide it in the app.module.ts:
// app.module.ts
...
+ import { AuthenticatedGuard } from './shared/authenticated.guard';
...
- providers: [UserService],
+ providers: [UserService, AuthenticatedGuard],
...
And attach it to the route we want to guard:
// app-routing.module.ts
...
+ import { AuthenticatedGuard } from './shared/authenticated.guard';
...
- { path: 'profile', component: ProfileComponent }
+ { path: 'profile', component: ProfileComponent, canActivate: [AuthenticatedGuard] }
...
And voila, the profile page is protected. In this case, all logged in users see the same page, which is likely unrealistic for something like a profile page. The important part is that we’ve accomplished what we set out to with the UI portion of this (see the goals in this post):
• We have somewhere to dump public users -the landing page
• We have a page that is not accessible to public users, but is accessible to signed in users – the profile page
• We have a sign up page
• We have a sign in page
• We have a UI manifestation as to whether a user is signed in or signed out – the presence/absence of the Sign Out button and the Sign In/Sign Up links
That’s it for our extreeeeeemely “minimalist” sign in/sign out UI. This is enough structure to get us moving on the server side aspect of authentication and have something to associate it with. Everything is easier if you can see it.
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Connecting to %s | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
個別研究テーマ編集
光機能物質
教授 大石泰丈
掲載年度
2021
個別研究テーマ
(日本語)
スーパーコンティニュームのコヒーレンスに及ぼす3次の波長分散の効果
個別研究テーマ
(英語)
Effect of third-order dispersion on the coherence properties of supercontinuum spectra
研究者 Kenshiro Nagasaka
Guanshi Qin（*）
鈴木健伸
大石泰丈
研究概要
The effect of third-order dispersion on the coherence properties of supercontinuum spectra has been numerically investigated by solving the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation and using the complex degree of coherence theory. First, the effect of third-order dispersion on the coherence properties of supercontinuum spectra generated by soliton fission and soliton self-frequency shift has been investigated. The results show that if the group velocity dispersion values at the pump wavelength are identical and under the identical pumping conditions, negative third-order dispersion can cause much larger intensity fluctuations and wavelength jitters at the red edge of generated solitons than positive third-order dispersion, resulting in higher coherence degradation. Then the effect of negative third-order dispersion on the coherence properties of supercontinuum spectra generated by soliton fission and soliton self-frequency shift compensation has also been investigated. When at low input laser peak powers, due to the combined effects of modulation instability, negative third-order dispersion and the second zero-dispersion wavelength, the coherence depending on the input laser peak power decreases steeply first and then increases. When at high input laser peak powers, the modulation instability, negative third-order dispersion and soliton collision significantly contribute to the coherence degradation. The second zero-dispersion wavelength cannot stabilize the red-shifted solitons.
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2012 Clifford Cup
The 78th Clifford Cup tournament was held between the 28 September and 7 October 2012.
The cup final was held on the same day, 7 October 2012, as the final of the 2012 T20 World Cup (which was played at R. Premadasa Stadium in Colombo, between Sri Lanka and West Indies), this resulted in lower crowds than normally experienced at previous Clifford Cup finals. The game was played at Bogambara Stadium instead of Nittawela Rugby Stadium. Havelock SC came into the final after securing the 2012 Rugby League title, having edged out Kandy SC. Kandy SC were the current cup holders, having had won the cup for the previous five years, while Havelock SC's last win was 31 years earlier, in 1981. Kandy SC applied constant pressure during the first half, with a momentary lapse allowing Havelock SC to score before half time, resulting in a 7-5 scoreline. After the break both sides fought hard with only Kandy SC making a dent on the scoreboard eventually winning the game, 10 points (1 converted try and one penalty) to 5 (one unconverted try).
Seedings
The seeding is based upon the teams standings at the end of the 2012 Dialog Rugby League season. The first four seeds represent the four teams in the cup section of the league and the remaining four seeds are the first four teams in the plate section of the league.
* 1) Havelock SC
* 2) Kandy SC
* 3) Navy
* 4) Up Country Lions
* 5) Army SC
* 6) Police SC
* 7) Ceylonese R & FC
* 8) Air Force SC | WIKI |
Disney's new streaming service to be priced "significantly lower" than Netflix
Disney is revealing more details about its new over-the-top digital entertainment app that will launch in 2019. Why it matters: Legacy entertainment businesses are becoming very difficult to sustain in an era where consumers want on-demand, digital video that they can access at scale from tech companies like Netflix and Facebook. Linear options, like movies delivered in theaters and primetime shows on cable TV, are becoming less appealing to consumers who want to watch everything on their own time and across many digital devices. This is part of Disney's push to be a competitor to Netflix in the direct-to-consumer entertainment space. The details: The new OTT product will be priced "significantly lower than Netflix," CEO Bob Iger says. Iger notes that the service will launch with less volume than Netflix but with quality content that centers around three of its top brands: Pixar, Marvel and Star Wars. The new streaming service will be commercial free, according to Iger. While the Walt Disney Co. plans to integrate commercials into its sports streaming app, Iger says "We're not planning to have the programming that airs in the DTC service interrupted by commercials." Iger did say that sponsored programmed is being considered. The name of the product has yet to be determined, says Iger. "We're working on the cadence in which we will schedule and produce in the OTT service." A brand new Star Wars trilogy coming to Disney. It will be launched by the Star Wars: The Last Jedi Director Rian Johnson, who will write and produce the trilogy with producer Ram Bergman. Go deeper: Disney is reported to have approached 21st Century Fox about a deal to acquire its entertainment and studios businesses, including 21st Century Fox studios as well as National Geographic, FX cable channels and more. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Tracking Activity after Bariatric Surgery
Tracking Activity after Bariatric SurgeryFor a number of years, bariatric surgeons debated the value of exercise after weight loss surgery. While many surgeons felt exercise should be encouraged because it has many health benefits beyond promoting weight loss through calorie utilization, others felt that the modest number of calories burned (around 150) while walking for 30-45 minutes a day were too few to impact a patient’s weight loss success, so they did not advocate it.
Exercise Improves Weight Maintenance
New research shows that increasing physical activity, either through lifestyle activity or through a formalized exercise program, improves bariatric surgery patients’ ability to maintain their weight loss. Similar results have been observed in studies of people who lost weight by dieting.
If you are like many bariatric surgery patients, you have learned to move as little as possible because of the discomfort and pain you have experienced while carrying sometimes more than 100 pounds of excess weight. Now that your excess weight will start peeling off, it is time to turn over a new leaf. Once your surgeon says you can go home, you can begin to be more active, one step or stretch at a time. If the word exercise makes you cringe, think of it in friendlier terms like putting more movement into your daily activities.
Simple Strategies for Adding Activity to Your Life
Simple ways to increase your activity are to get up and walk around the couch or room during each TV commercial and to move your feet and arms while sitting. There are even complete gentle exercise routines that can be performed while sitting. You can find information about them by looking up chair aerobics on the Internet.
As your weight comes down and your strength increases, park your car a bit farther from your destination. Gradually learn to walk stairs by walking up an escalator instead of standing still.
As you become more accustom to and comfortable with moving, start adding two-minute walks into your daily schedule. In the beginning, you may only be able to walk two minutes twice a day. The goal is to gradually build up to at least 30 minutes of walking each day. Add one more step or one more minute of activity a day until you reach this goal.
Benefits of Activity Far Outweigh Weight Loss
Walking is one of the most basic physical activities. It requires no special training or equipment other than comfortable clothes and shoes. Done routinely, walking lowers blood pressure, blood sugar, and cholesterol levels, which can help prevent or improve medical conditions like diabetes, stroke, obesity, osteoporosis, and heart disease. Walking is also a good way to reduce stress and boost your mood. Listening to favorite music or, if you choose to walk indoors on a treadmill, watching a favorite TV show can help make walking more enjoyable.
Tracking Activity Promotes Success
Tracking your activity is a good way to make sure you are being as active as you think you are, and it can document subtle signs of progress you may otherwise not notice.
You can document your activity in an exercise journal. Simply note the day, the activity you performed, and the amount of time you spent performing it (see sample below). Be sure to include lifestyle-related activities such as time spent cleaning or gardening.
You can also wear a pedometer to track the number of steps you take during each day. Many modern pedometers track steps, miles, and calories burned. Keep track of the total number of steps recorded on your pedometer in a daily steps log so you can see your progress. If you are using a pedometer, your ultimate goal is accumulate at least 10,000 steps each day. Experts associated with the Centers for Disease Control and the National Institutes of Health point out that walking 10,000 steps a day will help a person burn off an extra 150 calories. Over the course of a month, taking 10,000 steps each day is equivalent to burning off a pound and a quarter of fat. The average American takes only 2,600-3,500 steps per day, so reaching the 10,000 steps-a-day goal takes concerted effort and requires you to add about 30 minutes of purposeful walking to your daily routine.
SAMPLE Activity Journal
Date ACtivity Time
June 2nd Chair aerobics 2 min while watching TV
Commercial Walking 4 min total during primetime TV ads
Vacuuming Living Rm 5 min
Trimmed rose bushes 5 min
A well-balanced activity plan should include flexibility (stretching) and strengthening exercises as well as aerobic activities. As you develop a more varied and complete exercise program, be sure to track these other forms of activity in your exercise log.
As you learn strategies for adding more activity to your life, remember that small changes can add up to big differences. Try to add at least one more step to your activity level each day. Be patient with yourself while learning to be more active. It took time to develop your old lifestyle of weight gain, and it will take time to lose weight and become more fit. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Joshua Sang
Joshua Arap Sang, born in Kitale, Trans-Nzoia District, Kenya, is the current head of Radio Emoo FM and acting head of radio stations at Mediamax Ltd. in Nairobi, Kenya.
ICC Case
On March 8, 2011, he was indicted by the International Criminal Court for five charges of crimes against humanity committed during the 2007–2008 Kenyan crisis. He was alleged to have committed these crimes against PNU supporters.
An ICC Pre-Trial Chamber summoned him to appear before the court on April 7, 2011, together with William Ruto and Henry Kiprono Kosgey. The ICC charges against Ruto and Sang were dropped in April 2016. | WIKI |
Urquhart Graph
Urguhart Graph
In computational geometry, the Urquhart graph of a set of points in the plane, named after Roderick B. Urquhart, is obtained by removing the longest edge from each triangle in the Delaunay triangulation. Using the as3delaunay library to generate the triangulation, I then proceeded to remove the longest edge from each triangle to create the Urquhart graph. I had to modify the library slightly to keep track of the triangles when building the delaunay triangulation. Luckily the code was already there, just commented out.
This demo shows that the Urquhart is a subset of the Delaunay and that a Minimum Spanning Tree is often, but not always, a subset of the Urquhart.
The code
private function createUrquhartGraph(voronoi:Voronoi):Vector.
{
var hash:String;
var hashline:Function = function(line:LineSegment):String
{
return "" + Math.max(line.p0.x, line.p1.x) + "" + Math.min(line.p0.x, line.p1.x) + "" + Math.max(line.p0.y, line.p1.y) + "" + Math.min(line.p0.y, line.p1.y);
};
var uniqueSegments:Object = {};
var line1:LineSegment, line2:LineSegment, line3:LineSegment;
var triangles:Vector. = voronoi.delaunayTriangles();
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} | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
-- OCI Tax Debacle in Egypt Stokes Concern Over Who Might Be Next
Egypt ’s decision to go after its
biggest publicly traded company on a tax-evasion claim is
deterring investors that regard the case as a possible precedent
setter, EFG-Hermes Holding SAE’s head researcher said. Orascom Construction Industries (OCIC) , which accounts for a
quarter of the value of the benchmark EGX 30 Index, has been in
talks with tax officials to settle a 14 billion Egyptian-pound
($2 billion) claim stemming from the 2007 sale of its cement
business. The company didn’t pay taxes on the transaction
because it listed the business on the bourse two months prior to
the sale, it said in a March 8 statement. Egypt didn’t have a
capital gains tax at the time, which remains the case today. Egypt aims to “take more measures to improve the
investment environment” by developing the legislative
framework, providing new incentives for investment and
developing vocational training and education, the Cabinet said
in an e-mailed statement yesterday. The government wants to
increase economic growth to 4.1 percent next year from 3 percent
this year, including a 59 percent contribution from the private
sector to its 291 billion-pound investment target. “The government is talking about attracting foreign
investment but its actions aren’t consistent with that,” Wael Ziada , head of research at the Cairo-based investment bank, said
by phone. “A settlement would be a positive development in the
medium term, but it doesn’t mean we won’t see similar cases in
the future, which is what concerns potential investors.” The case of Orascom Construction , or OCI, is the latest in
a series of charges brought against investors that thrived under
the rule of former President Hosni Mubarak . ‘Bumpy Road’ Damac Properties Co., a Dubai-based developer, filed for
international arbitration in 2011 after Egypt seized land the
company purchased in 2006 and sentenced its chairman to five
years in prison with hard labor. Ezz Steel (ESRS) ’s former chairman
Ahmed Ezz received a 37-year prison sentence this month for
profiteering and squandering of public funds in his company’s
acquisition of another steelmaker, El Ezz Aldekhela Steel. (IRAX) “The government is making some mistakes,” said Muhammed
El Demerdash, board member of prominent Islamist businessman
Hassan Malek’s Egyptian Business Development Association.
“However, the challenge is not that easy: to create a business-
friendly investment environment, while applying social justice
and the rule of law. The short-term is really challenging. It’s
a bumpy road, and that’s a by product of the democratic
transition.” OCI Offer OCI offered the Egyptian Tax Authority 7 billion pounds to
settle the dispute, Ahmed Abdel Rahman, head of the authority’s
tax-evasion unit said in a phone interview today. Officials will
study the offer once the company files necessary documentation
to support its proposal, he said. Omar Darwazah, OCI’s head of
investor relations , declined to comment. OCI’s chief executive officer Nassef Sawiris and his father
Onsi have been placed on a travel ban/arrivals watch list by
Egypt’s public prosecutor. The company is seeking Egyptian
market regulator approval to relocate its base from Cairo to
Amsterdam. The shares gained 3.5 percent, the most in more than three
months, to 238.27 pounds at the close in Cairo. The stock is
down 8.1 percent since the public prosecutor placed Sawiris on
the watch list. That dragged the EGX 30 Index (EGX30) down by 5 percent
over the same period. To contact the reporters on this story:
Ahmed A. Namatalla in Cairo at
anamatalla@bloomberg.net ;
Nadine Marroushi in Cairo at
nmarroushi@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Claudia Maedler at
cmaedler@bloomberg.net | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Talk:主
Mandarin pronunciations
Can it be added in which contexts each of the two different Mandarin pronunciations are used? <IP_ADDRESS> 05:23, 20 December 2007 (UTC) | WIKI |
Find Doctors The Right Way - Get Facts, Not Opinions With TopMed
Can A Chiropractor Help With Neuropathy?
Can A Chiropractor Help With Neuropathy?
June 07, 2018 / By medadmin
Can A Chiropractor Help With Neuropathy?
Do you suffer from chronic pain numbness in your arms, hands, legs or feet? Do your knees feel weak or inflamed? Do you get frequent headaches or are just generally feel pain of some sort? These are some of the symptoms of neuropathy, which affects about twenty million people in the United States alone. A chiropractor Rockville, MD trusts can help treat neuropathy and the symptoms that go along with it. Depending upon the source of the neuropathy, they may be able to eliminate the condition entirely or at least control the pain with chiropractic treatments and other types of plans.
Neuropathy is the result of nerve damage or disease. Diabetes is the majority of neuropathic patients although there are several other potential causes for the pain associated with neuropathy. These include:
• You experienced a traumatic injury
• Infection
• Metabolic Disorders
• Alcohol abuse that has been occuring over a long period of time
• Toxin and heavy metal exposure, which includes certain chemotherapy drugs
• Tumors that may be putting pressure on certain nerves
• AIDS, HIV, Lyme disease, hypothyroidism
• Any condition or disease that affects liver and kidney function
• Vitamin B deficiencies
It is important that you discover the cause behind your neuropathy before seeking treatment to determine and eliminate any other underlying factors that are contributing to the condition.
There are several types of peripheral ner damage:
• Motor nerve damage is associated with weakening of the muscles. Other symptoms are cramps, twitching muscles that is noticeable under the skin, decreasing size of muscles or atrophy, and a decrease in reflexes.
• Large sensory nerve damagecauses many different symptoms because these nerves have several different functions. If there is damage to the large sensory fibers it can impede touch, which lessens the sensation in hands and feet. Large sensory damage also results in a loss of reflexes. You may lose your sense o balance when you shut your eyes.
• Small sensory nerve damage can inhibit the body’s ability to feel pain or temperature change. This is very serious if you suffer from diabetes because of losing the sensation in the feet.
• Autonomic Nerve Damage is comprised of very diverse symptoms because these nerves almost every organ in the body. Most common symptoms of this type of damage include bladder control loss, not able to sweat normally, and the muscles that contract and expand blood vessels cannot be controlled.
Using diagnostic tools, including advanced nerve testing, and meeting with a neurologist can assist you in determining if what you are suffering from has a hidden cause or if there is truly no known cause for your pain. This can rule out the more serious causes up front. You need to determine if your neuropathy is caused from high blood sugar levels as diabetes can lead to further damaging the nerves.
Neuropathy treatments may include chiropractic adjustments, injections for inflammation, and physical therapy. Your chiropractor may also talk about nutrition and what foods to possibly avoid and what foods to make sure you include in your diet.
If you are experiencing any unusual weakness, pain or tingling in your hands or feet you should see your doctor right away. It is easier to treat and control your symptoms if you are diagnosed and treated early.
Thank you to our contributors at the Pain Arthritis Relief Center for their insight into neuropathy. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
China’s smartphone shipments dropped 14 percent in 2018 – TechCrunch
Smartphone numbers are down all over — but things look especially stark in China these days. Tim Cook cited softened demand in the world’s largest smartphone market as a key factor in Apple’s lowered guidance, and Apple is far from alone in feeling the pinch. Today, Canalys reported another large drop in the country for 2018. The firm says that shipments dropped 14 percent in China for the year. That’s the second year in a row shipments have dropped, following more than half a decade of impressive growth, rocketing China to the number one spot, ahead of the U.S. All told, 396 million units were shipped last year, marking the lowest level since 2013. Domestic companies Huawei and Vivo both managed to grow in that time, hitting first and third place, respectively. Oppo and Xiaomi slipped a bit, but managed to hold the second and fourth place positions, respectively. Apple, the sole U.S. representative in the top five, held on to fifth place, but still dropped 13 percent. The rest of the industry, meanwhile, dropped a staggering 60 percent, year over year. Much of what’s at play here is a familiar story all over. A matured market means upgrade cycles have slowed down, as more users are choosing to hold onto handsets for longer. Even more pronounced, however, is a combination of slowed economic growth and lowered purchasing power in the country. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Main Page Rock & Roll Catalog Frequently Asked Questions Performance Results Pontiac Racing Events Calander Race Results Pontiac Links About Rock & Roll Engineering Order Forms
WE MAKE SERIOUS PONTIAC HORSEPOWER
AND WE KNOW MORE ABOUT BUILDING STOCK PONTIAC ENGINES THAN ANYONE.
PUMP GAS COMPRESSION
by Bruce Fulper
With the incredible amount of mechanical ignorance reappearing in both Pontiac magazines
it doesn't surprise me that I'm constantly meeting people whos power and/or heat
problems are directly related to their compression being too high. Do you know anyone like that?
They've tried every "trick" they've heard, and nothing helps. What's the problem?
It's very basic. If you're not meeting the engines octane requirements you will create
unnecessary heat in the combustion chamber. That heat doesn't just go out the exhaust.
It soaks into the piston top and combustion chamber, heating the water more
than normal. It also travels into the top ring where normal heat is
supposed to be transferred into the oil at the top of the cylinder.
If the piston and ring gets too hot the heat will take off the oil
that's supposed to be at the top of the cylinder, setting up at domino effect
of more heat, less oil, the ring scrapes the cylinder wall harder making more
friction - (heat,) now there's less oil for proper cooling - and the top ring turns into a
potato chip. Worse case the top of the piston collaspes, pinches
the top ring and keeps it from expanding against the cylinder wall.
Now oil blows by in larger amounts. You'll see the effect as increased oil
consumption.
---------------------------------------------
There are no tricks. Water doesn't burn.
Referring to water injection. The dumbest of dumb ideas.
Unfortunately engines like these are still being built every week by shops without
the proper experience. If a shop tells you they "fixed" a potential compression problem,
You need to know specifically how they did it. It's your money - Never be intimidated.
Always feel free to ask me questions - I can explain every bogus "trick."
I'll list every specific problem - it's symptoms - and it's cure.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BASICS
I'm going to keep this as simple as possible. Those of you who are "super intelligent" and want to
spar with me on this topic - go replace your rod bearings and maybe your crank. (J.H.)
I have no time for defensive uneducated jerks.
However, I will gladly answer any well meaning questions.
Let me list several typical phone calls to our shop.
"I just had my old high compression original engine rebuilt to stock specs and it's not running as well as I expected. The engine pings and the builder doesn't have any answers why it doesn't run like it should. I'm very disappointed"
---------------------------------------------------------
"I've been driving my rebuilt engine for 10,000 miles now and although it never pings it just
doesn't run like I expected. It's sluggish and has no throttle response."
----------------------------------------------------------
Add to any lament, "I've installed a new aluminum radiator, used special cooling fluid,
and tried every thermostat on the shelf. Nothing helps."
______________________________________________________________
"I bought Joe-Bobs cam and he said it would trick the engine into seeing less cylinder pressure."
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Have you noticed at most gas stations there are three different octanes available?
87, 89, and depending on what area of the country you're in, 91 to 94 premium.
You might think - can numbers that close be necessary?
Yes. Engine designs are that sensitive. Most of you know that if you use 87 octane in an engine designed
for premium - it will detonate. There are not enough detontaion resisting chemicals (octane) present
for the cylinder pressure being created. Conversely, what happens if you use premium fuel
in an engine designed for 87 octane? (Most people don't know, so don't feel bad.)
The engine will not detonate - but because the burn rate is wrong the engines efficiency is hindered.
Performance and mileage will suffer. Here's your first tip in diagnosing efficiency -
IF YOU USE TOO HIGH AN OCTANE YOU'LL LOSE POWER AND WASTE MONEY.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Again, that's too high for what the engine was designed for.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most of the 1960's standard Pontiac engines were high compression by todays standards.
Even most of the two barrel engines were 10.5 Cr. That's how they made good power.
At that compression 98 octane or better was needed. You can see the problem now.
Todays octane levels cannot support the older engines demands.
We have learned that no matter what kind of math formula or cam you want to use,
it boils down to this: You are NOT going to have an efficient engine throughout the entire normal operating
on 92 octane if you're over 9.65 static compression and a carburetor. Using cast iron heads the safe zone is 9.5 Cr or less.
BASICS
Cast iron headed engines are mainly prone to this problem.
When using original high compression heads you'll need to select one one of three options in order not to have problems.
#1: Run the correct octane the engine demands.
#2: Change the heads to larger combustion chamber versions.
#3: If you want to keep the high compression heads for looks, you'll
need to use a dished piston - just like the factory used to use.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
While the compression limit with cast iron heads and todays crummy pump gas is best
limited to a safe 9.5 static, an aluminum headed Pontiac engine won't detonate on 92 until you pass 11.5 Cr.
I built an 11.8 Cr four inch stroke engine with aluminum heads and it
experienced detonation on 92. We built another 4 inch stroke and made 661 hp at 11.4 Cr. on 93 octane and using our aluminum heads. I built a 9.65Cr. cast iron head 455 and it was
a loser on 92 octane when the ambient temperature climbed above 65 degrees Fahrenheit.
Be safe - The thought of losing compression frightens guys. I've developed
these low compression combinations for a reason. If you try to push the limits - you run the risk
of losing your engine early.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Here's one of the saddest salesmen con games going.
"Buy our special cam that bleeds off cylinder pressure. It makes the engine think
it has less compression."
Reeeeeeally? And how does it do that? If you press the salesman for a more precise answer you'll get this:
"The larger duration holds the intake valve open longer bleeding off cylinder pressure."
What you have is HALF a correct answer. But it's a half answer to a situation that does NOT work
under normal operating conditions.
Let me first ask you this - cause I'm a good one at making people think.
Under NORMAL circumstances why does a person buy a larger duration cam?
Answer - to make more power.
Soooooooooo
How does the larger duration cam make more power?
-------------------------------------------------------
By filling the cylinder with MORE air and fuel on each filling cycle.
Making MORE cylinder pressure.
Kinda like putting a grenades worth of gunpowder in a .22 shell.
--------------------------------------------------------------
Of course depending on how much more duration you have - will
directly relate to what RPM it takes for the extra PRESSURE to happen.
So the HALF an answer that is correct from Mr. Dummy is, yes, at idle, or
below 2000 - 2500 rpm the cylinder pressure is lower than a stock cam.
So, as long as you can never put your foot into it, you're fine.
You can never go over 3500 rpm. Is that want you want?
No.
--------------------
An engine detonates when cylinder pressure is too high for the detonation
resisting chemicals, (octane) to work. If, you were not meeting the octane
requirement with a stock cam, when you install a bigger duration cam
and build more cylinder pressure, you'll be worse off than before.
You also need to reason - if a bigger duration cam "tricks" an
engine into seeing less cylinder pressure, I guess those
Pro Stock cars have no cylinder pressure at all!
----------------------------------------------
Anyone that says they have a trick - contact me first.
I'll explain anything anyone tries to lay on you .
There is no magic when it comes to meeting
the octane requirement for any engine.
You simply must!
---------------------------------
How does this effect you?
If you own a 1970 or earlier Pontiac V-8 and are not meeting the octane requirement
of that engine you're probably in trouble. We just took apart a 1967 Firebird 400
that had 3000 miles on it. It was using two quarts of oil every fifty miles.
All of the bearings were showing copper. The pistons were tagging the cylinder walls.
The same thing will happen to you.
We'll post those pictures soon.
Other inaudible detonation pictures also coming.
Don't force your engine to be a martyr for your ignorance.
--------------------
I have spent over a decade developing pump gas combinations.
I have been blessed with results that stun everyone.
Whether by owning one, or just by watching one run, you'll be impressed too.
It's time to open your mind - and ask us questions.
No one else does what we do - so it's useless to ask anyone else how we do it.
You won't get a straight answer.
ALUMINUM HEADS VERSUS CAST IRON HEADS
I get this question all of the time. "Why can you run more compression with aluminum
heads over cast iron heads?"
The answer is simple. Aluminum dissipates heat quicker.
Aluminum heads transfer heat into the water passages quicker, thus
they run cooler han cast iron heads.
There's a group of yet-to-learn dudes that argue that cast iron heads
make more power because they retain more heat. If ALL things were the same - that
would be true. But ALL things are not the same.
You cannot port a cast iron D-port head to work as well as our aluminum heads.
Game over.
---------------------
If you could run a cast iron head at 100 degrees water temp you
could get away with 10.5 Cr. But that's impractical for most people
to achieve. Boats can do it as they use the lake water to cool the engine.
----------------------------
That's why I've spent so much time working on practical - pump gas - combinations.
For the everyday (Pontiac) guy to have more power than ever before, and
have it with todays camel whiz. Today - 3/28/03 - we dyno'd two
more King Street 455's. These are 87 octane, (not even 91) street engines.
The smaller cam (245 @ .050) hydraulic roller made 633 lbs. ft at 4200 rpm.
The solid roller cam version made 679 hp at 6200 rpm
I have recently made 603 ft lbs at 3000 rpm with my latest 455 street engine combination.
BMF | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Fairhead
Fairhead is a surname and may refer to:
* Gerry Fairhead, former Canadian sailor who competed in the 1948 Summer Olympics
* Rona Fairhead, Chair of the BBC Trust
* Charlie Fairhead, character from the UK TV series Casualty, played by Derek Thompson
Fair Head, a headland in County Antrim, United Kingdom.
* See also | WIKI |
Looking Back on the Making of ‘The Godfather’ With Francis Ford Coppola
“Oh, gosh, am I bleeding?” Francis Ford Coppola bleated out while ambling around his Napa Valley home, talking on the phone to a reporter. Though the director of groundbreaking films such as “The Conversation,” “Apocalypse Now” and “The Godfather” rarely gives interviews (even ones where actual blood is not shed), he was doing so on this Thursday morning a few weeks ago to promote “The Godfather Notebook.” The nifty document of film history basically takes all of Mr. Coppola’s jottings in the margins of the original novel — as well as his actual screenplay from the first installment of the trilogy — and turns them into a holiday season coffee table book. It has just been published by Regan Arts. The book shows how he brought Mario Puzo’s 1969 novel to life in a film that would go on to win the Academy Award for best picture in 1973, excising whole portions of the story and highlighting what he believed was a flawed novel’s essence: a narrative of capitalism in America, as seen through the spilled blood and guts of one family. But for a moment, the topic was blood — his own. “Broke a glass,” he said, explaining that he had been watching a sports event, went to grab the remote control, and then knocked over the glass. The cut wasn’t so bad. He felt fine, he said, save for the fact that he was bleeding, and knew there might be consequences if the blood ended up on anything valuable. “My wife will kill me,” Mr. Coppola said. “Hold on.” So he put the phone down, went off to dress his wound and then returned for an hour’s worth of questions about the movie he would sort of like to forget, the career he’s mostly left behind and the non-film empire he’s subsequently built. First, he made it clear that the book was a fairly low-profit venture that he did largely because people around him told him it was time. Then, he carped about his publisher. “The amount of work that company made me do,” said Mr. Coppola, who has an unusual ability to turn complaining into a joyous experience. “I could get that from a speaking engagement. And it’s constant. I have to do this. I have to do that. I have to write the foreword.” As well as do this interview. Oh, well. What else was there to do but make the best of it? (The interview has been edited and condensed.) When was the last time you watched “The Godfather”? Oh, I don’t know, years ago. For me, the memory of “The Godfather” brings great unhappiness. That movie took 60 days, and it was miserable, not to mention the months after of jockeying over the cut. So my reaction is usually of panic and nausea, but that has nothing to do with how it is for the audience. Something I liked about reading your book was finding out how methodical you were. There’s a presumption that all great art is the result of a boundless imagination. This book shows that it’s a slog. It was insecurity. I was so young. I was hired because I was young. A lot of important directors turned it down. Elia Kazan turned it down. Costa-Gavras turned it down, a whole bunch of important directors. So the philosophy was, let’s get someone young, who could presumably be pushed around. Also, I was Italian-American, and that was good, because it meant if the studio got flak they could simply say, “But it was an Italian-American director.” And I was someone they could get for a good cheap price. How much were you paid? They offered me two fees: either $75,000 and 10 percent of the profits, or $125,000 and 6 percent of the profits. I had two kids and a third one on the way, so I took 125 and 6 percent. I think I asked for 7 percent and didn’t get it. When the movie was done, did you immediately know what a hit it was? I didn’t. Bob Evans, the producer, kept it really close to the vest. He hadn’t shown it to anyone. And I had been so browbeaten, heard I was going to be fired, that they were going to send in an action director. I was shellshocked. There was some happiness on set. Diane Keaton has written that she fell in love with Al Pacino making the film. In the auditions, she indicated he was her favorite, but Paramount didn’t want him. I set up an improv where I took a room at the St. Regis Hotel and I had them order room service. Then I left them alone and I went home, and I’m sure that was the incubation. But it’s tricky. It can backfire. If they break up right during the film. That’s happened to me, too. Do tell. Oh, I shouldn’t say. Another movie. I imagine “The Godfather Part II” was easier. Part II was a joy. I had total control. Throughout all this, did you read your reviews? I learned not to, but I did then. I remember when I did “Apocalypse Now,” Frank Rich said there had not been so big a disaster in years. “Superman” had just come out. I thought, “That was about a guy in a suit flying around, and he’s saying ‘Apocalypse Now’ is the biggest and worst thing!” What was the most widespread criticism about “The Godfather?” Of the first? That it was violent and romanticized those guys. Do you think it did? In effect, yes. Because the acting ultimately made those people sympathetic, even though their behavior was so terrible. Real Mafia people are animals. With the third film, the critics really sunk their teeth in. The third part was not something I wanted to do. I was coming out of a bankruptcy. Today you’re the founder of a very successful wine business. You don’t direct movies as regularly. People ask me “What do you like better?” I say, “There’s no comparison.” They’re both very pleasurable, but the cinema remains the most magical thing. Which is why it’s so heartbreaking to see what’s happening to it. If it weren’t for this sliver of independent cinema, there would be nothing left. Doing a movie of more than $3 million on an interesting topic today is nearly impossible. I sometimes say: I didn’t leave the cinema, the cinema went off in its own direction. Meaning? The great Hollywood studios who produced such great films along with great entertainment have now been bought up by telecom companies. So I guess you were not pleased to learn that AT&T was purchasing Time Warner. I do not think it will pass the regulations. Are there movies you liked recently? Many, actually. I loved “Swiss Army Man.” Totally imaginative. I liked “Mommy” by Xavier Dolan. “Tangerine” was beautiful. So full of life and humor. There is TV now. Many would argue the advent of Netflix, HBO and Amazon in relation sort of make up for the decline of the movie studio. Yes. Cinema and television are becoming the same thing. You can’t say I do this for television or movies. They both can be shown in theaters or at home. It can be one minute or a hundred hours, and you can have a screen that’s big and beautiful like the LG OLED screens, which are a miracle. I noticed recently that you endorsed those. Do you have a deal with them? I kept buying them, so they said: “Would you make a statement about how much you like them? We’ll give you some televisions.” And I said “Great, because I already ordered them.” | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Tây Sơn dynasty
The Tây Sơn dynasty (, Nhà Tây Sơn, Chữ Nôm: 茹西山; triều Tây Sơn (chữ Hán: 朝西山), officially Great Việt (Đại Việt; Chữ Hán: 大越), was a dynasty of Vietnam. It was founded after three Nguyễn brothers from the village of Tây Sơn rebelled against the Lê dynasty, Nguyễn lords, and Trịnh lords. The Tây Sơn were led by these three brothers, referred to by modern Vietnamese historians as the Tây Sơn brothers because of their origin in the district of Tây Sơn. The Tây Sơn was later succeeded by the Nguyễn dynasty.
The Tây Sơn dynasty ended the century-long war between the Trịnh and Nguyễn families, ended the Lê dynasty, and united the country for the first time in 200 years. The Tây Sơn entered a tributary relationship with the Qing dynasty of China and gained the recognition as the official rulers of Vietnam from the Qianlong Emperor. Under the most prominent of the Tây Sơn brothers, Nguyễn Quang Bình—later the emperor Quang Trung—Vietnam experienced an age of relative peace and prosperity. However, his heir was not capable of properly ruling the country, allowing the exiled Nguyễn lord Nguyễn Ánh to retake the south of Vietnam and eventually pave the way for his own imperial dynasty, the Nguyễn dynasty.
Name
The Tây Sơn dynasty was named after the Tây Sơn district in Bình Định province, the birthplace of the three brothers who established the dynasty. The name "Tây Sơn" means "western mountains" from Chinese 西山 Xīshān where 西 xi means west and 山 shan means mountain.
Background
In the 18th century, Vietnam was de jure ruled by the Lê dynasty, but real power lay in the hands of two warring families, the Trịnh lords of the north who ruled from the imperial court in Thăng Long and the Nguyễn lords in the south, who ruled from their capital Huế. Both sides warred extensively for control of the country. Life for the peasants during these times were difficult: ownership of land became concentrated in the hands of a handful of landlords as time passed. The imperial bureaucracy became corrupt and oppressive; at one point the imperial examination-degrees were sold to whoever was wealthy enough to purchase them. As the people grew poorer, the ruling lords lived lavish lifestyles in opulent palaces. While the Trịnh lords had enjoyed peace since the end of the war between the Trịnh and the Nguyễn in 1672, the Nguyễn lords regularly campaigned against Cambodia and later the Kingdom of Siam (Thailand). While the Nguyễn lords usually won these wars and opened up new fertile lands for the landless poor to settle, the frequent warring cost money, resources, and lives.
Tây Sơn rebellion
In 1769 the new king of Siam Taksin launched a war to regain control of Cambodia. The war went against the Nguyễn lords, and they were forced to abandon some of the newly conquered lands, which included the Principality of Hà Tiên in the eastern coast of Cochinchina. Lord Nguyễn Phúc Khoát died in 1765, the court power was transferred to regent Trương Phúc Loan, creating a political crisis. This coupled with heavy taxes and endemic corruption at the local level spurred three brothers Nguyễn Nhạc, Nguyễn Huệ, and Nguyễn Lữ (not related to the Nguyễn lords) from the village of Tây Sơn, central Vietnam, to revolt in 1771 against the Nguyễn lord Phúc Thuần.
The Tây Sơn brothers styled themselves as champions of the people. Over the next year, the revolt gained traction and they won some battles against the Nguyễn army that was sent to crush their rebellion. The Tây Sơn drew their support from not only poor farmers but also by some indigenous highland tribes. Nguyễn Huệ, the brothers' leader, said that his goal was to end the people's oppression, reunite the country, and restore the power of the Lê emperor in Hanoi. The Tây Sơn also promised to remove corrupt officials and redistribute land.
In 1773 the Tây Sơn captured the port of Qui Nhơn, where the merchants, who had suffered under restrictive laws put in place by the Nguyễn, lent the uprising their financial support. The Nguyễn, at last recognizing the serious scale of the revolt, made peace with the Siamese, giving up some land they had conquered in previous decades. However, their problems were compounded when Trịnh Sâm chose to end the 100-year peace and exploit the turmoil in the south by sending his army to attack Phú Xuân (modern-day Huế), the Nguyễn capital. The Trịnh army captured the city, forcing the Nguyễn to flee to Gia Định (now modern day Saigon).
The Trịnh army continued to march south and the Tây Sơn army continued its conquest of other southern cities. The forces arrayed against the Nguyễn were simply too many and in 1776 the Tây Sơn army captured the last Nguyễn stronghold of Gia Định and massacred the town's Chinese population. The entire Nguyễn family was killed at the end of the siege, except for one nephew, Nguyễn Ánh, who managed to escape to Siam. The eldest Tây Sơn brother, Nguyễn Nhạc, proclaimed himself Emperor in 1778. A conflict with the Trịnh thus became unavoidable.
Conflict with Siam
The Tây Sơn spent the next decade consolidating their control over the former Nguyễn territory. Nguyễn Ánh proved to be a stubborn enemy. He convinced the King of Siam, P'ya Taksin, to invade Vietnam in support of him. The Siamese army attacked in 1780, but in several years of warfare, it was unable to defeat the Tây Sơn army, as gains were followed by losses. In 1782, the Siamese king was killed in a revolt, and less than a year later, Nguyễn Ánh's forces were driven out of Vietnam. In 1785, Siam launched an invasion again and occupied part of the Mekong Delta, but was defeated by Nguyen Hue in the Battle of Rạch Gầm-Xoài Mút.
Conquest of Trịnh lords
Having vanquished the Nguyễn for the time being, Nguyễn Huệ decided to destroy the power of the Trịnh lords. He marched to the north at the head of a large army in 1786, and after a short campaign, defeated the Trịnh army successfully. The Trịnh were also unpopular and the Tây Sơn army seemed invincible. The Trịnh lord fled north into China. Nguyễn Huệ later married princess Lê Ngọc Hân, the daughter of the nominal later Lê Emperor, Lê Hiển Tông.
Overthrow of Lê dynasty and relationship with Qing dynasty
A few months later, realising that his hope of retaining power had gone, the Emperor Lê Chiêu Thống fled north to the Qing Empire of China, where he formally petitioned the Qianlong Emperor for aid. The Qianlong Emperor agreed to restore Lê Chiêu Thống to power, and so in 1788, a large Qing army marched south into Vietnam and captured the capital Thăng Long.
Nguyễn Huệ gathered a new army and prepared to fight the Qing army. He addressed his troops before the battle saying:
"The Qing have invaded our country and occupied the capital city, Thăng Long. In our history, the Trưng Sisters fought against the Han, Đinh Tiên Hoàng against the Song, Trần Hưng Đạo against the Mongol Yuan, and Lê Lợi against the Ming. These heroes did not resign themselves to standing by and seeing the invaders plunder our country; they inspired the people to fight for a just cause and drive out the aggressors... The Qing, forgetting what happened to the Song, Yuan and Ming, have invaded our country. We are going to drive them out of our territory."
In a surprise attack, while the Qing army was celebrating the Lunar New Year, Nguyễn Huệ's army defeated them at the Battle of Ngọc Hồi-Đống Đa and forced them, along with Lê Chiêu Thống, to retreat. The Tay Son were supported by Chinese pirates. Anti-pirate activities were undertaken by a joint alliance between the Qing dynasty and Nguyễn lords Gia Long while Chinese pirates collaborated with the Tay Son.
After the battle, Nguyễn Huệ sought to restore the tributary relationship in order to deter a joint Qing-Siam pincer attack and prevent further Qing Chinese attempts to restore the Lê dynasty. Nguyễn Huệ sent a ritually submissive request to the Qianlong Emperor under the name of Nguyễn Quang Bình (also referred to as Ruan Guangping).
In 1789, the Qianlong Emperor agreed to re-establish the tributary relationship and enfeoff Nguyễn as the King of Annam on the condition that Nguyễn Huệ personally lead a special delegation to Beijing to celebrate the Qianlong Emperor's 80th birthday. For the Qianlong Emperor, the motivation for accepting the arrangement was to retain the Qing's supremacy and stabilize their southern border. Chinese and Vietnamese sources agreed that Nguyễn Huệ sent an imposter with a delegation to Beijing, where they were received with lavish imperial favors. The Qianlong Emperor approved the proposal and bestowed Nguyễn Huệ with the title An Nam quốc vương ("King of Annam"). The title indicated that Nguyễn Huệ was recognized as the legal ruler of Vietnam and Lê Chiêu Thống was no longer supported.
War with Nguyễn Ánh and fall
Quang Trung, was resentful. He trained his army, built large warships and waited for an opportunity to take revenge. He also provided refuge to organizations such as the Tiandihui and the White Lotus. Chinese pirates, such as Chen Tien-pao (陳添保), Mo Kuan-fu (莫觀扶), Liang Wen-keng (梁文庚), Fan Wen-tsai (樊文才), Cheng Chi (鄭七) and Cheng I (鄭一) were granted official positions and noble ranks under the Tây Sơn empire. All attack plans had to be given up due to Nguyễn Huệ's sudden death. The attack never materialized by the time that Quang Trung died in 1792.
After the Tây Sơn massacred ethnic Han Chinese settlers in 1782, the support of the Qing Chinese shifted towards to the Nguyễn lords.
After Quang Trung's death, his son Nguyễn Quang Toản was enthroned as Emperor Cảnh Thịnh at the age of ten. However, the real power was in the hands of his uncle Bui Dac Tuyen, who enacted a massive political purge. Many who served under Quang Trung were executed, while others became discouraged and left the regime, considerably weakening the Tây Sơn. This paved the way for Nguyễn Ánh to capture the entire country within 10 years, with the help of French military adventurers enlisted by French bishop Pigneau de Behaine. In 1800, Nguyễn Ánh occupied Quy Nhơn citadel. In 1801, he occupied Phú Xuân, forcing Nguyễn Quang Toản to flee to Thăng Long. In 1802, Ánh besieged Thăng Long. The then 20-year-old Nguyễn Quang Toản escaped, but then was captured and executed, ending the dynasty after 24 years, and the Nguyễn, the last imperial dynasty of Vietnam, took over the country in 1802.
The Nguyễn lords eventually defeated the Tây Sơn dynasty, took complete control of Vietnam, and established the imperial Nguyễn dynasty in 1802. The Nguyễn executed the defeated Tây Sơn leader Bùi Thị Xuân by crushing the body with an elephant. The heart and liver from her body were consumed by soldiers of the Nguyễn. | WIKI |
keulakuva
Noun
* 1) A figurehead carved figure.
* 2) A figurehead person in nominal position of power. | WIKI |
3 Days of a Blind Girl
3 Days of a Blind Girl (, alias: Retribution Sight Unseen) also known as Maang lui 72 siu si (1993) is a 1993 Hong Kong psychological thriller film directed by Chan Wing-Chiu and starring Veronica Yip, Anthony Wong, Jamie Luk Kin-ming, Anthony Chan, Alfred Cheung, Fruit Chan, Chan Yuet-Yue. This film is quite possibly the Hong Kong version of Wait Until Dark.
Plot
A heart specialist's young wife is left temporarily blind after an operation and will recover in around three days. As her husband departs for a doctor's convention in Macau he leaves her in the care of their maid. A strange man ingratiates himself into the household in order to avenge the seduction and death of his wife.
Cast and roles
* Veronica Yip – Mrs. Jack Ng
* Anthony Wong – Sam Chu
* Anthony Chan – Dr. Jack Ng
* Alfred Cheung – Dr. Wong
* Fruit Chan – Burglar
* Jaime Luk Kin-ming – Cop
* Chan Yuet-Yue – May
* Chan Wing-Chiu – Pedestrian fighting over taxi with Mrs. Jack Ng
Box office
The film grossed HK$2,934,838 at the Hong Kong box office during its theatrical run from 27 May to 2 June 1993 in Hong Kong.
Home media
This film was released on Blu-ray on 13 November 2020. | WIKI |
John Ribat
Sir John Ribat (born 9 February 1957) is a Papua New Guinean prelate of the Roman Catholic Church and a cardinal since 2016. He has been Archbishop of Port Moresby since 2008.
Biography
Ribat was born in Volavolo, Papua New Guinea. He professed as a member of the Missionaries of the Sacred Heart of Jesus in February 1979. He was ordained a priest on 1 December 1985.
He worked as a parish priest, continued his studies in Manila, and served as master of novices for the Missionaries in Suva, Fiji.
On 30 October 2000, Pope John Paul II named him auxiliary bishop of Bereina and titular bishop of Macriana Minor. He was consecrated bishop on 11 February 2001 and named Bishop of Bereina on 12 February 2002. Pope Benedict XVI named him Coadjutor Archbishop of Port Moresby on 16 April 2007 and he succeeded to that office on 26 March 2008.
He was conferred a knighthood on 12 June 2016 in the Queen's Birthday Honours list.
On 9 October 2016, Pope Francis announced that he planned to raise Ribat to the rank of cardinal at a consistory scheduled for 19 November 2016. He was made a Cardinal Priest on that day and assigned to the titular church of San Giovanni Battista de Rossi. He is the first cardinal from his country.
Francis made him a member of the Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development on 23 December 2017. | WIKI |
Dadie Mayila
Dadie Mayila (born January 11, 1990) is a Congolese professional footballer currently playing for Yverdon-Sport on loan from Lausanne-Sport. | WIKI |
MP37-14: Surgical management of the clinically negative contralateral groin when the ipsilateral groin is cli
Surgical management of the clinically negative contralateral groin when the ipsilateral groin is clinically and pathologically positive in squamous cell carcinoma of the penis
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INTRODUCTION
Diagnosis of pathologically positive inguinal nodal disease in squamous cell carcinoma of the penis is the single most important prognostic factor. There however remains variation in practice. This is especially pertinent in the management of the contralateral non-palpable inguinal basin (cN0) when the ipsilateral basin is clinically and pathologically positive (cN+/pN+). In this cohort, our practice is to perform an FNA on the cN+ groin for pathological diagnosis followed by ipsilateral radical inguinal node dissection (ILND) with synchronous dynamic sentinel node biopsy (DSNB) on the contralateral side. ILND is then only undertaken if the sentinel node is pathologically positive. The purpose of this study is to establish the probability of the contralateral inguinal basin being pathologically positive when the ipsilateral side is cN+/pN+.
METHODS
A prospective DSNB cohort study has been on-going in our institution since 2003. All patients were reclassified according to TNM 7 classification. Management of patients was in a multidisciplinary team setting and the nodal treatment algorithm has not changed over the study. Patients with ipsilateral cN+/pN+ on initial presentation who had a contralateral DSNB were identified. The probability of the contralateral DSNB being positive was calculated. This was compared with the rate of the contralateral basin being pathologically positive when the ipsilateral basin is clinically negative but pathologically positive (i.e. bilateral positive DSNB). Chi squared test was used for statistical analysis.
RESULTS
A total of 614 patients underwent DSNB between 2003-2017. Overall 17.5% were positive. 42 patients were identified with unilateral cN+/pN+. Of this cohort, 16 patients (38%) had pathologically positive disease in the contralateral groin after DSNB. In patients with bilateral cN0 groins, 84 patients (14.6%) had a positive DSNB. Of these, 52 (9%) had a unilaterally positive DSNB and 32 were bilaterally positive (5.5%) (p
CONCLUSION
There is a statistically significant increased risk of the contralateral inguinal basin being involved if the ipsilateral basin is clinically and pathologically positive. However, the rate of 38% positivity would still support our practice of contralateral DSNB as it avoids the associated morbidity of radical groin dissection in the 62% of patients who would have had a negative result. We therefore continue to recommend using DSNB prior to groin dissection in all clinically negative groins.
Funding: N/A | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
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ANTONINO MESSINA
Quantum plasmonics with multi-emitters: application to stimulated Raman adiabatic passage
• Autori: Castellini, A.; Jauslin, H.; Rousseaux, B.; Dzsotjan, D.; Colas des Francs, G.; Messina, A.; Guérin, S.
• Anno di pubblicazione: 2018
• Tipologia: Articolo in rivista (Articolo in rivista)
Abstract
We construct a mode-selective effective model describing the interaction of the localised surface plasmon polaritons (LSPs) supported by a spherical metal nanoparticle (MNP) with N quantum emitters (QEs) in an arbitrary geometric arrangement. Simplifying previously presented procedures, we develop a formulation in which the field response in the presence of the MNP can be decomposed into orthogonal modes, expanding the Green tensor of the system in the spherical vector harmonics basis and using the generalized global Löwdin orthogonalization algorithm. We investigate the possibility of using the LSPs as mediators of an efficient control of population transfer between two QEs. We show that a Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage (STIRAP) configuration allows such a transfer via a decoherence-free dark state for a specific range of angular distances between the QEs, when they are located very close to the MNP. The transfer is otherwise blocked. We explain this blockade by the destructive superposition of all the plasmonic modes.
Allegati | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
COVID-19 Updates >
Watchman
overview
The Watchman device offers an alternative to the lifelong use of warfarin for people with atrial fibrillation not caused by a heart valve problem (also known as non-valvular AFib).
This permanent heart implant effectively reduces the risk of stroke—without the risk of bleeding that can come with the long-term use of warfarin (the most common blood thinner). What’s more, the Watchman device can eliminate the regular blood tests and food-and-drink restrictions that come with warfarin. (Warfarin is also known as Coumadin®.)
How It Works
To understand how the Watchman device works, it helps to know more about the connection between atrial fibrillation and stroke.
Atrial fibrillation, or AFib, affects your heart’s ability to pump blood normally. This can cause blood to pool in an area of the heart called the left atrial appendage, or LAA. There, blood cells can stick together and form a clot. When a blood clot escapes from the LAA and travels to another part of the body, it can cut off the blood supply to the brain, causing a stroke.
The Procedure
The Watchman device is implanted into your heart in a one-time procedure. It’s a permanent device that doesn’t have to be replaced and can’t be seen outside the body.
To implant Watchman device, your doctor makes a small cut in your upper leg and inserts a narrow tube, as done in a standard stent procedure. Your doctor then guides Watchman device into the left atrial appendage (LAA) of your heart. The procedure is done under general anesthesia and takes about an hour. Patients commonly stay in the hospital overnight and leave the next day.
After the Procedure
Following the procedure, you’ll take warfarin for 45 days or until your LAA is permanently closed off. During this time, heart tissue will grow over the implant to form a barrier against blood clots. Your doctor will monitor this process by taking pictures of your heart to see when you can stop taking warfarin.
Your doctor will then prescribe a medicine called clopidogrel (also known as Plavix) and aspirin for you to take for 6 months. After that, you’ll continue to take aspirin on an ongoing basis. A very small number of patients may need to keep taking blood thinners long term.
Related Articles
By the Numbers
56,500 +
OFFICE VISITS ANNUALLY
11,500 +
COUMADIN CLINIC VISITS ANNUALLY
150 +
CODE-SAVE-A-HEART PROCEDURES ANNUALLY
5,500 +
OPEN HEART SURGERIES SINCE 2005
Find a Doctor | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Encrypted email
Contents
1. Encryption and signature
2. OpenPGP
1. PGP/Inline
2. PGP/MIME
3. S/MIME
4. reop
5. Post-email systems
6. Centralized non-email systems
1. Protonmail
2. Tutanota
7. Conclusion
When you try and look around for articles, regarding encrypted emails, all you’ll find is people complaining about it’s difficulties and shortcomings. But, no one actually explains what to do if you, nevertheless, want to encrypt your emails! At best most articles will just shove some product up your face.
That’s why, after a fairly lengthy research process, I’ve decided to do just that. These are the more common ways to encrypt your email with their strengths and weaknesses. I also wrote a (somewhat rough) tutorial on how to setup OpenPGP or S/MIME in practice.
Note: What I’m referring to is end-to-end encryption, where you send an encrypted email, and the recipient decrypts it. Encryption between you and a mail server is practically a given and is setup by the mail server administrator.
Encryption and signature
Unless stated otherwise, all of the listed encryption (and signature) schemes work by utilizing public-key cryptography.
In brief, if you are sending an encrypted email, the recipient needs to have generated a public and private key pair. Then you need to have acquired their public key. Finally, if you want to send them an encrypted email:
1. You encrypt your email with their public key
2. The recipient decrypts your message with their private key
And if someone wants to send you an encrypted email, you need to generate a public and private key pair, share your public key with them, and when you receive the message, decrypt it with your private key.
Every email you send can be digitally signed (not to be confused with electronic signatures), meaning the message is (cryptographically) “signed”, and with this signature, the recipient can check if the message was changed during transit. Digital signatures also use public-key cryptography, but the other way around:
1. You sign your email with your private key
2. Then the recipient verifies your message with your public key.
This might sound a bit complicated, but all you need to worry about is you and the recipient generating these public-private key pairs, exchanging public keys, and your email client should handle the rest. And if you use a tool like pEp, the creation and exchange of keys can be easily automated.
OpenPGP
By far, the most popular way to encrypt your emails is with OpenPGP. PGP is the original program which implemented the encryption scheme, while OpenPGP is the standard/encryption scheme, which was created from PGP (so when I say OpenPGP, I mean a program that implements OpenPGP).
By design, it relies on a web of trust, the idea being, different people sign each others public keys (sometimes at key signing parties), and you know that a specific key corresponds to a specific person, only when a large amount of people have signed it.
OpenPGP divides the security community quite a lot, some abolish it while other still defend it, but at the end of the day, it’s very widespread and if someone encrypts their email, chances are it’s with OpenPGP (unless they’re in a business, where S/MIME rules).
There are two main ways to encrypt an email with OpenPGP:
PGP/Inline
The first is called “PGP/Inline”, with which you encrypt only the message itself. That’s it. And there are other limitations too, to name a few:
1. You can’t encrypt attachments, period.
2. Your message can only be plain ASCII text characters. So any Unicode character (probably) won’t work, and HTML messages are out of the question.
Though, it’s not all bad. If you can survive only sending text to other people, PGP/Inline might be a better option:
1. It’s much easier to work with, you can directly copy the encrypted PGP message and decrypt it however you like
2. The other option, PGP/MIME, is much harder to implement properly and there have been cases where it’s implementation is flawed
PGP/MIME
“PGP/MIME” is the second option. As it’s name suggests, you can encrypt MIME data with PGP, which by definition means it supports any content type. This includes:
1. Support for Unicode characters and HTML messages
2. Attachments of any type
3. Delivery status report
Basically, any multipart subtype. Also, I should mention, the message structure and all metadata is hidden by design.
PGP/MIME is capable of a lot more, and is generally preferred over PGP/Inline. Nonetheless, it has it’s shortcomings:
1. As already mentioned, it is hard to implement and flawed implementations have been made
2. Everything is encrypted together, so you’ll need to download the whole email, including all attachments, to decrypt it
3. If your client doesn’t support it, manual decryption takes a bit more work
S/MIME
S/MIME, roughly said, combines and extends the Cryptograhic Message Syntax encryption scheme and MIME standard to create a singular, email-oriented standard.
Unlike OpenPGP it doesn’t use a web of trust, but a Public key infrastructure. This means that, rather than people exchanging certificates between themselves, a Certificate Authroity connects public keys with entities (people or organizations for example).
So, already, it has a huge advantage, you don’t need to exchange keys, since the email client will handle it. S/MIME is most often used by corporations/organizations, so support in commercial mail clients like Google Workspace Enterprise Edition and Outlook Enterprise/Business (Exchange Online has to be configured by an administrator and can be used only with paid clients) is available.
On the other hand, you can browse Google’s and Microsoft’s trusted (root) CAs all you want, but you’ll find that there is only one place where you could register a certificate for free: Actalis. A good tutorial on the procedure can be found here, but beware, they generate the private key.
Otherwise, it’s email encryption capabilities are the same as those outlined in PGP/MIME.
reop
reop is a very new, simple and “completed” system. The thing is, it’s only a single command line utility that uses some encryption schemes (picked by the nacl library) for it’s own unique system. Currently, there doesn’t seem to be any email clients that support it.
It is also fairly limited:
no support for key revocation, or long chains of certificates, or partial trust, or key servers
However, as explained in it’s article, that might not be that big of a deal. Finally, there are very very few people that use it. From experience, I have only seen Haelwenn Monnier use it.
The only reason for using reop is if you want a very small system with a very simple source code behind it. Nevertheless, it’s still a viable alternative.
Post-email systems
There is a somewhat old document, created by the OpenTechFunc, which outlines very thoroughly all “next generation secure email or email-like communication” technologies.
In it, they define the term “post-mail” as:
projects to create alternatives to email that are more secure yet still email-like
And outline zero trust and fingerprinting as the main advantages of these systems. Also most of these systems are peer-to-peer.
Given that these projects aren’t really email, I won’t dive much deeper into it. But I will mention, almost all listed projects seem to have been abandoned. Those still under active development are goldbug and retroshare. Until 2021, zeronet was updated, but the author seems to have disappeared.
Centralized non-email systems
“Centralized non-email systems” is another term, which as far as I can tell, is also coined by this document from OpenTechFunc. They define it as “centralized email-like messaging platform” and further divide it into:
1. Closed system: you can only send to other users on the same provider.
2. Semi-closed system: you can communicate outside the system, but it is troublesome to do so.
• If you send an email to someone else using the same system, it is end-to-end encrypted.
• If you send an email outside the system, then the recipient gets a URL they can use to view the message. Often, the message is symmetrically encrypted using a shared secret.
3. Semi-closed system, with no encryption: just like above, but emails outside the system have no encryption.
Out of the listed options, Enlocked doesn’t work anymore and was a bad system to begin with, ShazzleMail is pretty much dead and Walnut also isn’t up.
That leaves us with the two last-standing providers:
Protonmail
Protonmail, or proton.me as they are called now, which uses good old OpenPGP. That means they have end-to-end encryption and zero-access encryption by default for all protonmail accounts. They also support encrypted conversations with non-protonmail users.
Funnily enough, Protonmail doesn’t really fit in any of the listed categories, since encrypted emails outside the system will work as any OpenPGP encrypted one.
Protonmail’s services have a free tier, which should be enough for lighter usage, but restricts heavily storage, label and folder count, amount of sent messages per day, etc. At the time of writing, their second tier pretty much lifts all restrictions for 5 euro per month (without annual contracts). Check out their pricing here.
Tutanota
Tutanota uses it’s own special system for security. In brief, all of your emails are (zero-access) stored and end-to-end encrypted with (mostly) AES 128, and while they generate and hold your public and private keys, your password is needed to decrypt your private key (do check out their security page for more details).
However, it’s crucial to note that they are a type 2. Semi-closed system. If you send an encrypted email to a non-tutanota recipient, the recipient will get a URL from which they will be able to reply, through Tutanota’s web client.
Finally, pricing. In general, they have a lot less features than Protonmail, but their free tier is a lot more capable than Protonmail’s. Their pricing is extremely flexible, being able to buy specific features by themselves, like storage or mail aliases. Check it out here.
Conclusion
In brief, almost all email encryption systems use public-key cryptography. The most popular of these systems for personal use is OpenPGP, but in the business space, S/MIME is quite a bit more prominent. reop is a viable, but limited, very new and lightweight systems for encrypting your email messages.
Protonmail is an email provider, which has OpenPGP built-in, enabling and supporting encryption by default, but their free tier leaves what to be desired. Tutanota is another provider, with their own entirely different system, where encrypted emails to non-tutanota users force the recipients to use their web client. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Stimpson
Stimpson is a surname, and may refer to:
* Sandy Stimpson, mayor of Mobile, Alabama since 2013
* Charles R. Stimpson, U.S. Navy fighter ace
* Jodie Stimpson, British professional triathlete
* Tim Stimpson, rugby player
* John Stimpson, tennis player
* William Stimpson, marine biologist
* Harry F. Stimpson Jr., lawyer and ambassador
As a given name:
* Stimpy, a fictional cat, whose full name is "Stimpson J. Cat" | WIKI |
James Haggerty (New York politician)
James Haggerty (December 21, 1834 – December 21, 1887) was an Irish-American lawyer and politician from New York.
Life
Haggerty was born on December 21, 1834, in Glasgow, Scotland, the son of Irish parents. After he immigrated to America, he studied law and worked as a lawyer.
Haggerty enrolled in the 111th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment in February 1863 and was mustered in as a first lieutenant and adjutant. He was discharged for disability in June. In 1869, President Grant appointed him U.S. Consul at Glasgow, but when he arrived the British refused him due to his connections with Irish nationalist movements. He was shortly afterwards appointed Deputy Naval Officer of the Port of New York. He resigned from the office in 1872. A Republican until that point, he then joined the Liberal Republican Party and, when that party failed, he became a Democrat.
In 1881, Haggerty was elected to the New York State Assembly as a Democrat, representing the New York County 20th District. He served in the Assembly in 1882, 1883, 1884, 1885, and 1886.
Haggerty was married, but had no children. He was a member of the Grand Army of the Republic and the Irish National League.
Haggerty died at home from pneumonia on December 21, 1887, his 53rd birthday. He was buried in Green-Wood Cemetery. | WIKI |
India's Wipro says date for ADR bonus issue not decided
(Reuters) - Indian software exporter Wipro Ltd (WIPR.NS) (WIT.N) said on Monday the payable date for its American Depository Receipts (ADR) bonus issue is yet to be determined. The clarification from India’s third-largest software services company came after its U.S.-listed shares slumped nearly 49 percent to $5.35 in premarket trading. The trading of the shares, which was halted for a while, are currently down 1.5 percent at $10.29. “The company felt that it was important to clarify to the market that the payable date and ex-dividend date for its ADR bonus issue, or stock dividend, are yet to be determined,” Wipro said. Wipro, in May, told its investors that the board has fixed June 14 as the record date to determine eligible shareholders entitled to receive bonus share equity for its Indian-listed shares. (bit.ly/2rnj8K3) In April, the company announced the issue of bonus shares in 1:1 ratio and said that its board would also consider a proposal for buyback of shares around July. Wipro’s U.S.-listed shares have been down nearly 6 percent over the past four sessions, following media reports of a sale of a part or whole company. However, the company denied the news reports last week. Wipro, like other Indian software exporters, has been struggling with U.S. President Donald Trump’s tough stance on H1-B visa rules. Trump has ordered a review of the U.S. visa program that brings high-skilled foreign workers into the country, potentially affecting hiring plans of technology firms and outsourcing companies. Reporting by Rishika Sadam in Bengaluru and Sankalp Phartiyal in Mumbai; Editing by Arun Koyyur | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Talk:inha
Entry: "Inha"
The entry "inha" isn't the correct definition of the word "gross" in Finnish and should be removed, thank you.
* NSK says it's chiefly used poetically and the synonyms include paha, vaikea, hankala, häijy, kova, ilkeä. Thus it may express a multitude of negative aspects and thus "gross" is not all wrong. The entry needs to be worked on, however, and I'll do that this weekend. Anyway, deletion would be too gross a reaction. --Hekaheka (talk) 07:43, 31 January 2014 (UTC)
* I only tagged it because of the message above without the intention to get it deleted. Consider the nominatior the IP user above. I'm sure it'll pass RFD. --Anatoli (обсудить/вклад) 07:58, 31 January 2014 (UTC)
The provided synonyms reveal an incongruity with "gross" as a definition for "inha". Your assistance is deeply appreciated.
* It's done. Feel free to improve. --Hekaheka (talk) 10:24, 2 February 2014 (UTC)
"Gross" has many defintions and would be best replaced by another word to ensure a proper defintion, thanks.
* I think that mentioning it in the list "appalling, gross, disgusting" defines the sought-after sense sufficiently. In the examples given, gross could be used as translation for inha, don't you think? --Hekaheka (talk) 05:33, 4 February 2014 (UTC)
To non-English speakers the ambiguity may require further clarification, hence the need for a more suitable synonymous adjective. The manner in which "gross" is defined in the entry is also informal. More importantly, the second definition of "inha", as presented currently in the entry, applies exclusively to "inho". Would recommend only keeping the poetic defintion of "inha" as defined in NSK.
* Keeping only poetic definition would definitely be wrong, because since the days when NSK was compiled (1960's), the word inha seems to have acquired new usage. One can hardly call Iltalehti a poetic publication, or Rosa Liksom's prose poetry. I have two questions to you. First, do you agree with the translations "appalling" and "disgusting" for the second sense? Second, I repeat my previous question: do you think that "gross" is an incorrect translation for inha in the two usexes given? --Hekaheka (talk) 09:44, 5 February 2014 (UTC)
Neither "appalling" nor "disgusting" apply to the proposed second defintion of "inha" - "gross", informally referenced, is incorrect for the uses given as well. Furthermore the synonyms "inhottava" & "tympeä" refer strictly to "inho". The provided synonyms for "inha" in the NSK allude to the second defintion being "disturbing", "difficult", "tricky" or some variation thereof. Truly fitting given the belaboring effort to discover the proper defintion.
Thank you for your diligence & patience.
* -- Furthermore the synonyms "inhottava" & "tympeä" refer strictly to "inho". -- Exactly, that's the point. All the modern usage that one can find, at least by googling, refers strictly to "inho" . That's the very reason for having the second sense. It may be a misconception, and you may not like it, but that is the way the word is currently used. It's normal evolution of the language. Wiktionary is not a normative dictionary, but a descriptive one. Therefore, we must have the second definition, no matter what NSK says. --Hekaheka (talk) 04:32, 13 February 2014 (UTC) | WIKI |
Natural Wellness, Beauty & Lifestyle |
Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis shouldn't be an inevitable side effect of ageing. Specific nutrients and lifestyle factors have been shown to improve bone health. Here's some tips from our Nutritional Team...
What is osteoporosis?
Osteoporosis is when bone strength diminishes, posing increased risk of fracture for people, especially post-menopausal women[i]. The fractures most commonly occur in the hips in elderly women which can result in long term medical care. Fractures can also occur in the spine and this can lead to additional health issues such kyphosis and digestive issues. Men can also develop osteoporosis, but the occurrence is much less than women.
Usually, there aren’t any symptoms until a hip fracture or other type of fracture happens[ii]. A decrease in height can be an indicator sometimes. Diagnosis is usually confirmed by a bone mineral density test[iii].
Osteoporosis happens when there is an imbalance between bone removal and bone replacement as this results in bone loss. Usually, bone is constantly remodeling, and this happens through bone cells called osteoclasts and osteoblasts which breakdown and rebuild bone[iv]. The most common risk factors for hindering this process are age (50-90 years), sex (hormone changes in women), small body structure, genetics, current smoker, high alcohol intake, low vitamin D and calcium and low physical activity[v].
Nutrition support for osteoporosis
Diet:
Following a nutritious diet consisting of lots of fruit and vegetables, healthy fats (oily fish, extra virgin olive oil, avocado and nuts and seeds) with adequate amounts of protein is helpful in the prevention of osteoporosis. Additionally, it is wise to reduce the amount of sugar in your diet and also soft drinks, as they lower calcium levels in the blood[vi]. Green leafy vegetables are rich in vitamin K, calcium and boron, all of which are necessary for good bone health.
Lifestyle:
Exercise: particularly progressive resistance training and high velocity power training are particularly helpful in the prevention of osteoporosis by keeping bones strong and increasing bone mass[viii].
Recommended supplements for osteoporosis:
Soy isoflavones: organic, non-genetically modified soy products have an oestrogenic effect by binding to oestrogen receptors. For post-menopausal women, this oestrogen support can help bone metabolism and has a bone-building effect[vii]. Menopause Support (60 Caps)
Calcium, phosphorus and Vitamin D: it is well-known that calcium is needed for good bone health, but what is equally as important is vitamin D as it is crucial for the absorption of calcium[ix] and phosphorus from our diet. Calcium supplemented on its own has only a modest benefit on bone density in post-menopausal women, highlighting the need for additional nutrients like vitamin D, phosphorus, vitamin K and boron for their support with absorption. Wild Nutrition Bone Complex/ Calcium (Citrate) (180 Capsules)
Fish oils: the EPA and DHA in fish oils help to slow down bone loss and increase bone mass density by reducing inflammation and also helps with neurological health, which has been shown to be a causative factor in osteoporosis[x]. EPA/DHA Essentials
Green Tea: studies suggest that drinking green tea can offer protection against bone loss and increase bone mass[xi]. Green tea is packed full of healthy polyphenols and also vitamin K. Green Tea 500mg/ Vitamin D3 + K2 (2000IU & 100ug)
Additional key nutrients: magnesium, zinc, copper, manganese, folic acid, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin K
- Folic acid 400mcg
- Magnesium Citrate
- Homocysteine Factors
- Methyl Factors
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Please note that the information contained within this website does not and should not replace medical advice, and is not intended to treat or diagnose. We always recommend you consult with your doctor. Our Nutritional Therapy team is highly trained and we offer one to one Nutritional Therapy Consultations, which are designed to be complementary to any medical treatment from a functional medicine approach, as well as offering a preventative & optimal health focus. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Linear Congruential Generator
scripts
sprites
See inside
Instructions
This project computes pseudo-random numbers using the Linear Congruential Generator method.
The parameters (See inside) are set to the Park-Miller Minimal Standard values (see Notes and Credits).
Click on the green flag. The algorithm then generates a 2,147,483,647 sequence of pseudo-random numbers before the sequence repeats.
Notes and Credits
The random numbers generated in a computer or calculator are not truly random. They are not produced by sampling a physical process that contains a random process, such as flipping a coin or monitoring radioactive decay.
Computer and calculator-generated random numbers are produced by computing an algorithm, in this project, the LInear Congruential Generator (LCG). An algorithm, by its very nature, contains no random processes. Still, these computer-generated random numbers pass most statistical tests and are, for most (but not all) practical purposes, random. Random numbers produced by an algorithm are more accurately called pseudo-random numbers.
The most commonly used algorithm for generating psuedo-random numbers is the linear congruential generator (LCG). The defining equation for a LCG, and the variables, are shown at the top of the project screen.
In 1988 Park and Miller published a set of parameters that has become widely used in software packages for generating psuedo-random numbers. Their generator is known as the minimal standard random number generator. The parameters are a = 16807, c = 0, and m = 2147483647.
You can change the parameters to test other LCGs.
Shared: 9 Jul 2016 Modified: 10 Jul 2016
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Complex Formation and Precipitation
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EXPERIMENT 4
TITLE
Complex Formation and Precipitation.
INTRODUCTION
Precipitation is the formation of a solid in a solution as the result of either a chemical reaction, or supersaturating a solution with a salt resulting in solid material collecting on the bottom of the beaker (Housecroft & Constable, 2006). When the solution has been supersaturated by a compound and no more material can be supported by the solution, it considered as precipitate. Commonly, the solid will fall out of the solute phase and sinks to the bottom part of the solution. However, the solid may float on top of the solution or suspended within the solution if the precipitate is less than the aqueous solution. On the other hand, complex formation is the soluble compound that can increase the solubility of an insoluble salt form in aqueos solution (Housecroft & Constable, 2006). They are formed from a cation such as water or ammonia that has pair of electrons that become attracted to the positively charged cation. In terms of the solubility, the formation of a complex lowers the concentration of the cation in the solution. In this experiment, there are 3 parts need to be done which is complex formation, weak acids and bases and precipitation reaction. During complex formation experiment, student needs to observe the different reaction occur when adding ammonia or sodium hydroxide in small quantity and in excess. At the second part, student needs to measure the pH of different solution by using universal indicator paper and determine whether each solution is acidic, basic or neutral. Lastly, the precipitation reaction is observed by using phosphates, chlorides and silver halides groups.
AIMS
The main objective of this experiment was to identify certain inorganic reaction types and the differences in solubility of silver halides. Thus, a series of inorganic reactions was carried out as an introduction to complex formation and precipitation. All the reaction in this experiment involved alteration of equilibrium by changing concentration to make precipitation to form or dissolve. Other than that, weak acid and bases of the solution can be identified and students able to write the balanced equations for inorganic reactions. PRE-LAB QUESTIONS
1. Precipitation reaction is a type of reaction that forms a solid in a solution as a result of chemical reaction or supersaturating a solution. This reaction involves changing the soluble ions into insoluble compound and as a result precipitate is formed when the solution has been saturated by a compound (Heitz, 2005).
2. Inorganic complex consists of a central ion or atom (usually metallic) that is surrounded by anions or molecules bound to the central ion/metal via chemical bonds that range in strength from weak to strong (Heitz, 2005).
3. Trigonal planar, tetrahedral and octahedral.
METHODS
* PART A: COMPLEX FORMATION (AMMONIA COMPLEXES)
1. 0.5 cm3 of dilute zinc nitrate, cupric nitrate and lead nitrate solutions was poured into 3 different test tubes. 2. 4 M of ammonia solution was added dropwise in each test tube until each solution turn alkaline (test with pH paper). 3. Ammonia solution was added more and observes if any precipitate dissolves. 4. The experiment was repeated by replacing the ammonia solution with 2 M of sodium hydroxide.
* PART A: COMPLEX FORMATION (IODIDE COMPLEXES)
1. Saturated solution of potassium hydroxide was added dropwise to 0.5 cm3 of 0.1 M mercuric nitrate solution until the precipitate of HgI2 just dissolves by forming [HgI4]2-. 2. Saturated solution of potassium hydroxide was added dropwise to 5 drops of 0.1 M lead nitrate solution until the precipitate of PbI2 just dissolves by forming [PbI4]2-. 3. The solution of [PbI4]2- was added to about 10 times its volume of distilled water in a medium test tube. 4. The amounts of I- required to dissolve the precipitates formed was compared between Hg (II) and Pb (II)....
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What Was It Like When The Universe Made The Very First Galaxies?
Starts With A Bang
This article is more than 2 years old.
Chris Blake and Sam Moorfield
When you look out beyond the Milky Way today, as far as we've ever been able to see, there are galaxies absolutely everywhere. Even if you take a dark patch of sky without stars, galaxies, or any known matter at all, if you look deep enough, thousands upon thousands of galaxies will be your reward. All told, there are an estimated two trillion galaxies within the observable Universe, stretching for tens of billions of light years in all directions.
Yet despite all the galaxies we've seen, never have we gone far enough back to encounter the very first ones ever made in the Universe. The current record-holder, despite its light arriving from when the Universe was only 400 million years old — 3% of its present age — is already evolved and full of old stars. The first galaxies come from a time before we've ever probed. But if we get lucky, we'll get there soon. Here's what those galaxies should be like.
Adam Block/Mount Lemmon SkyCenter/University of Arizona
The galaxies we see today are old. They're massive, they're huge, and they're full of a variety of stars. For the most part, there are lots of heavy elements in there: approximately 1-2% of all the atoms present in galaxies (by weight) are something other than hydrogen or helium. That's a big deal, considering that the Universe was born without carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, silicon, sulfur, iron, or practically any of the elements we find in stars and galaxies today.
But it took billions of years and innumerable generations of stars to bring them about today. If we look back to the distant Universe, we also look back in time, and find that galaxies were vastly different back then from how they appear today. They were smaller, bluer, more numerous, and poorer in these heavy elements than the galaxies we have today. Over the history of the Universe, galaxies have evolved substantially.
NASA and ESA
But how did the very first ones form? And what was the Universe like when they did?
The cosmic story that brought them to us saw a number of important steps happen first. Matter won out over antimatter; atomic nuclei and then neutral atoms formed; the first generation of stars were born, died, and gave rise to the second generation of stars. But even after all these steps, there were still no galaxies around.
The simple reason? The smallest-volume cosmic scales gravitationally collapse first, while the larger scales take longer.
NASA/JPL-Caltech/R. Hurt (SSC)
Think about two important factors at play here: gravity and the speed of light. Gravity is the only mechanism that can bring ever larger and larger clumps of matter together. It's limited, however, by the speed at which things can gravitationally grow.
Imagine you start with a small mass, over and above whatever the average density is. If you have some additional mass for it to attract that's a light-year away, it will take that matter an entire year to feel the force from the mass, since the gravitational force only travels at the speed of light. But if there's an additional mass a hundred, or a million, or a billion light-years away, you have to wait for all that additional time to pass. Gravity isn't instantaneous; it only travels at the speed of light.
European Gravitational Observatory, Lionel BRET/EUROLIOS
So what happens, then, when you finally get a large amount of mass together in one place, from gravitational collapse of your first stars and star clusters? They attract one another, and can finally do so effectively.
But the timescale for one massive star cluster attracting another is going to be much longer than the timescale for individual star clusters to form. Instead of looking at volumes of space that might be a few thousand light years on a side — the scale of what might collapse to form a star cluster — you need to look on scales tens or hundreds of times as large to bring together enough matter to start to make the first galaxies.
ESO
But remember, also, that the original overdensities that lead to both star clusters and galaxies are only one-part-in-about-30,000, meaning that these overdensities need to grow over large amounts of time. If it takes gravity tens or hundreds of times as long to reach between star clusters than it does for an individual cluster, you might worry that it takes tens or hundreds of times as much time to make galaxies than stars.
Luckily, this isn't true! It takes longer, but not by nearly that amount. The power of an attractive gravitational force is cumulative, so it's basically like starting a clock on a delay. The "star cluster" clock starts a few million years after the Big Bang; the "galaxy" clock begins perhaps ten million years after that, and starts with a handicap: it has farther to go to collapse.
O. Hahn and T. Abel (simulation); Ralf Kaehler (visualization)
But this is okay! This is how large-scale structure formation works. We have density imperfections on all scales, and they grow as soon as enough time has passed for gravity to attract matter a certain distance away.
We form the first star clusters quickly, after perhaps 50-to-100 million years. We form the second generation of stars almost immediately after, because the first generation of stars lives-and-dies so fast, triggering a new generation shortly thereafter.
Then we have to wait tens of millions of years for the first galaxies to form, since that requires star clusters to attract one another across the abyss of empty space, where they finally merge. And it will take even longer timescales for large galaxies and then galaxy groups and galaxy clusters to arise.
Illustris Collaboration / Illustris Simulation
The hardest challenge for finding these first galaxies is that there haven't yet been enough stars formed throughout the Universe to ionize all the neutral atoms in intergalactic space. Protons and electrons are still bound to one another, and will remain so until the Universe is flooded with enough sustained ultraviolet light to permanently kick those electrons off of their atoms.
This means that the light from the first stars (and first galaxies) gets absorbed by those atoms; the Universe is still opaque. The earliest galaxies we've ever seen date back to 400 million years after the Big Bang, and were only discovered because they are located along a serendipitously more-ionized-than-average line of sight.
NASA, ESA, and A. Feild (STScI)
However, we can do a little better than that. We've observed a slew of galaxies from a little bit later on than that, and we've been able to determine how old the stars in them are!
The galaxy MACS1149-JD1 is the second-most-distant galaxy ever found, whose light arrives from 530 million years after the Big Bang. Yet, when we observe it, we find that the stars inside of it are approximately 280 million years old, meaning that they formed in a massive burst just 250 million years after the Big Bang.
ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO), NASA/ESA HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE, W. ZHENG (JHU), M. POSTMAN (STSCI), THE CLASH TEAM, HASHIMOTO ET AL.
These massive bursts of star formation don't simply occur because you had a star cluster; they occur when large mergers happen, giving rise to what astronomers call a starburst. Colliding gas causes material to collapse, which can trigger massive amounts of new star formation. Much larger and more powerful than a mere collapsing star cluster, these should signify the true first galaxies.
They will be larger, contain more stars, be more massive, more luminous, and will leave an unmistakable signature. They will imprint themselves on the Universe. And that imprint will be observable.
Nicole Rager Fuller / National Science Foundation
Not only will they begin contributing to the reionization of the Universe, but wherever they form stars, we will find electrons recombining with their ionized nuclei. That act, when it occurs for hydrogen atoms, has a 50% chance of forming a configuration where the spins are aligned (up-up or down-down) and a 50% chance where the spins will be anti-aligned (up-down or down-up).
The up-down or down-up configurations are more stable, by a tiny amount. If you form the aligned configuration, it will transition down to the anti-aligned configuration on timescales of around 10 million years. And when it transitions, it emits a photon of a very specific wavelength: 21 centimeters.
Tiltec of Wikimedia Commons
That photon then travels throughout the Universe, arriving at our eyes, redshifted by the expansion of the Universe. Earlier in 2018, there was a paper that came out, albeit very controversially, that claimed to detect this signature for the first time. Impressively, the timescale for when these first galaxies ought to have formed coincides very nicely with these observations.
Whenever "cosmic dawn" occurred, whenever these first galaxies arrive, every piece of evidence points to a timetable of 200-250 million years as the main origin of the first galaxies.
J.D. Bowman et al., Nature, 555, L67 (2018
The first galaxies required a large number of steps to happen first: they needed stars and star clusters to form, and they needed for gravity to bring these star clusters together into larger clumps. But once you make them, they are now the largest structures, and can continue to grow, attracting not only star clusters and gas, but additional small galaxies. The cosmic web has taken its first major step up, and will continue to grow further, and more complex, over the hundreds of millions and billions of years to follow.
Meanwhile, the regions with smaller initial overdensities will continue to grow, forming stars for the first (or second) time in places where they didn't form earlier. The great cosmic story of forming structures doesn't happen all at once, but in bits-and-pieces throughout the cosmos. But with the first galaxies, the race to form galaxies like our own has officially begun.
Further reading on what the Universe was like when:
Follow me on TwitterCheck out my website or some of my other work here
I am a Ph.D. astrophysicist, author, and science communicator, who professes physics and astronomy at various colleges. I have won numerous awards for science writing
I am a Ph.D. astrophysicist, author, and science communicator, who professes physics and astronomy at various colleges. I have won numerous awards for science writing since 2008 for my blog, Starts With A Bang, including the award for best science blog by the Institute of Physics. My two books, Treknology: The Science of Star Trek from Tricorders to Warp Drive, Beyond the Galaxy: How humanity looked beyond our Milky Way and discovered the entire Universe, are available for purchase at Amazon. Follow me on Twitter @startswithabang. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
VS Code Exercises
In these exercises, we’ll explore a few ways of working with VS Code. If you haven’t already, make sure you’ve worked through our setup exercises!
As we work through these exercises, we’ll be opening and working with a set of files you can download here called jupyter_exercise_materials.zip.
Working With Your .py File
altairning Against Terminal
1. Begin by opening the Python file analyze_health_and_income.py. Does it open with appropriate syntax highlighting?
2. To run this file, you will need to load three packages: pandas, matplotlib, and seaborn. From the command line, use conda to install these packages (e.g. run conda install pandas matplotlib seaborn).
3. Pick your interpreter! Python lets you select the Python installation you want to use when running Python files by clicking on the name of the currently selected Python installation along the bottom left. This will open a drop-down menu of available installations – select your 'base': conda installation – this is the default conda Python installation you have setup.
4. First, run this file (as a single file) in your normal terminal by clicking the Green Arrow in the top right of the window of your .py file. Clicking this – rather than typing python [filename] in the terminal – will ensure that VS Code runs the version of Python you have selected in the step above.
5. Next, select all the code in your .py file, right click and select “Run Selection/Line in Python Terminal”. This will open the installation of Python you selected in step three and execute the lines of code you have highlighted. If you now select more lines of code and make the same selection, they will continue to be executed in the currently open Python session.
Note you may also want to right-click on the top of the open Python session and click “Move Panel Right” if you prefer to have your open Python session running on the side rather than the bottom of your window.
As you will see, this way of interacting doesn’t let you see the plot generated by this code, you just see that at the end a seaborn chart has been generated.
1. Type wdi in your active Python session to see part of the contents of the wdi DataFrame. This is a table of data, but as you will see, you only get to see a small part of it in the active session.
Running Against Interactive Window
1. Now close that terminal session and go back to your .py file. Select the two import statements and the full multi-line read.csv call. Then right-click and select “Run Selection/Line in Interactive Window”. Note that if you turned on the “Jupyter: Send Selection To Interactive Window” option suggested in the video you watched, you can also just hit “Shift-Enter”.
(You may be asked to install some packages at this point – click yes!)
1. In the bottom of the Interactive Window you will see a little console for typing code to run interactively. In that window, type wdi. How does this presentation of the wdi DataFrame compare to what you saw in the basic terminal?
Note that by default, the system providing this augmented interactive window will only display a full DataFrame if it has <= 15 rows, but this is a setting you can change. Try running the code pd.options.display.max_rows = 220, then typing wdi again. A little overwhelming, I’ll admit, but it’s all there!
1. Now, along the top of your interactive window is as “Variables” button (it may be hidden in the three dots menu). Click it. This feature is still a LITTLE buggy, so if you don’t see variable, try clicking back to the Interactive window, then back to the variable list?
Next to wdi is a small pop-out button. Click it. This will open your data table in an interactive window. Note you may have to move around your windows a little to see it well…
You can sort (click the arrow next to a column name), or filter (type text below a column name). This is a great tool for just getting to know your data!
Note that if you just see three dots like this but no image:
my_chart_bug
Click the three dots, select “Change Presentation” (that was wording as of Fall 2022, it may change again…), choose “text/plain”. Then click the dots against, select “Choose Output Mimetype” again, and pick “text/html” and the figure should appear.
(Did I mention this new interface in VS Code is still a little buggy? Sorry… it is improving quickly, and it was this or teach multiple editors!)
OK, hopefully that gives you a sense of why the interactive window can be really nice, save some occasional bugs that will likely be fixed soon! Now let’s move on to Jupyter Notebooks.
Jupyter Notebooks (.ipynb files)
Jupyter Lab can also be used to manage your Jupyter Notebooks. In order to get some experience working with a Jupyter Notebook, lets move the analysis we do in this analyze_health_and_income.py into a Jupyter Notebook.
First, open the first_jupyter_notebook.ipynb file you downloaded in VS Code.
Note: All jupyter notebooks carry the file suffix of .ipynb, regardless of what kernel they are running. This is a hangover from the old days when “jupyter” was “ipython”, so all notebooks were IPython Notebooks. But we still use the suffix .ipynb even if your notebook is running a non-Python kernel (like R, Julia, etc.). This file suffix is important because seeing that suffix is what allows VS Code to know it needs to treat the document it’s openning as a Jupyter Notebook.
Once open, follow the directions in the notebook to complete the exercise! | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
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Cover image for Dead-simple graphql with typeclasses and functional dependencies
Mike Solomon
Mike Solomon
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Dead-simple graphql with typeclasses and functional dependencies
When working with GraphQL queries and mutations, I want them to behave like a database: given an operation (ie upload a video), I want to look up the string I need to send, the variables the string needs and the response.
In SQL, this may be expressed like so:
select querystring, input_vars, output from graphql where action = 'upload_video';
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Typeclasses in Haskell and PureScript are like database tables. Using typeclasses, we can execute the above query purely with types. Let's see how!
The GraphQL kind and the GraphQL class
Continuing the SQL analogy, a kind is the "type" of your column or, in our program, the type of your type. There has been much ink spilled on comparing kinds to types of types, and it's not a perfect analogy, but in this case that's exactly what's going on.
In our example, each GraphQL query like upload_video will be indexed by a data type with kind GraphQL. This index will point to three things - a type representing a string to send the server (called a Symbol in PureScript), the type of the input and the type of the output.
foreign import kind GraphQL
class GraphQL (operation :: GraphQL) (gql :: Symbol) (i :: # Type) (o :: # Type) | operation -> gql i o
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Let's see two different instances (rows) of our typeclass (table) GraphQL: one to get information from Filestack and one to upload a video to 8base.
foreign import data GetFileStackUploadInfo :: GraphQL
instance graphqlGetFileStackUploadInfo ::
GraphQL GetFileStackUploadInfo """
query {
fileUploadInfo {
policy
signature
apiKey
path
}
}
""" () ( fileUploadInfo ::
{ policy :: String
, signature :: String
, apiKey :: String
, path :: String
}
)
---------
foreign import data VideoUpload :: GraphQL
instance graphqlVideoUpload ::
GraphQL VideoUpload """mutation ($id: ID!, $filename: String!, $fileId: String!) {
recordingUpdate(
filter: {
id: $id
}
data: {
video: {
create: {
filename: $filename
fileId: $fileId
}
}
}
) {
id
video {
id
downloadUrl
shareUrl
}
}
}
""" ( id :: String, filename :: String, fileId :: String ) ( recordingUpdate ::
{ id :: String
, video ::
{ id :: String
, downloadUrl :: String
, shareUrl :: String
}
}
)
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Each instance (row) of GraphQL is filled with four types (columns) where each type has the correct kind (datatype). For example, GetFileStackUploadInfo has the query (a multi-line string), the input variables type (in this case an empty record) and the output type (data for our file upload).
A word on symbols
Symbols are one of the more confusing concepts in PureScript because they look exactly like strings. This works from the compiler's point of view because strings are values whereas symbols are types, so it would never confuse a string for a symbol or vice versa. But the fact that they look alike can be confusing for us humans. What's more confusing is how something that looks like a string can be a type?
A string is just a list or array of characters with some sort of terminating "end-of-string" indicator. Similarly, a symbol is just a list of types with kind Char and some sort of terminating indicator.
If we wanted to build symbols from the ground up in PureScript, we would do:
foreign import kind Char
foreign import data D :: Char
foreign import data O :: Char
foreign import data G :: Char
foreign import kind Word
foreign import data ConsW :: Char -> Word -> Word
foreign import data EndW :: Word
type DOG = (ConsW D (ConsW O (ConsW G EndW)))
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Thankfully, the PureScript compiler reduces this boilerplate by allowing us to do:
type DOG = "DOG"
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So Symbol-s are just a list of characters with some terminal value, making each unique symbol a unique type.
Back to GraphQL
Now that I have my instances of GraphQL, I can create a function that sends the GraphQL to my backend (in this case, 8base).
data Gql (operation :: GraphQL)
= Gql
graphQL :: forall (operation :: GraphQL) (gql :: Symbol) (i :: # Type) (o :: # Type). GraphQL operation gql i o => IsSymbol gql => JSON.WriteForeign { | i } => JSON.ReadForeign { | o } => Gql operation -> Record i -> Aff { | o }
graphQL _ variables = do
endpoint <- liftEffect $ get8baseURL
token <- get8baseToken
let
output =
{ variables
, query: replaceAll (Pattern "\n") (Replacement " ") (replaceAll (Pattern "\r\n") (Replacement " ") (reflectSymbol (SProxy :: SProxy gql)))
}
res <-
AX.request
( AX.defaultRequest
{ url = endpoint
, method = Left POST
, responseFormat = ResponseFormat.string
, content =
Just
(RequestBody.string (JSON.writeJSON output))
, headers =
[ RequestHeader "Authorization" ("Bearer " <> token) ]
}
)
case res of
Left err -> do
liftEffect $ Log.info "Request did not go through"
throwError (error $ AX.printError err)
Right response -> case (JSON.readJSON response.body) of
Left err1 -> throwError (error $ ("Could not parse " <> show response.body <> " err " <> show err1))
Right ({ data: d } :: { data :: { | o } }) -> pure d
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This function will work for any "row" from the GraphQL "table". Meaning we can do:
{ fileUploadInfo } <- graphQL (Gql :: Gql GetFileStackUploadInfo) {}
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and we can also do:
{ recordingUpdate } <-
graphQL (Gql :: Gql VideoUpload)
{ id: input.recordingID
, filename: fsResponse.filename
, fileId
}
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Both are typesafe: they will fail with anything other than the exact input you need and they will return nothing other than the exact input you expect to receive from your typeclass defintion.
An alternative to codegen
There are some great GraphQL codegen projects out there, and they definitely help reduce boilerplate. I personally prefer this approach because it pegs the output to the input. For example, checkout the codegen produced by graphql-codegen for the following graphql:
scalar Date
schema {
query: Query
}
type Query {
me: User!
user(id: ID!): User
allUsers: [User]
search(term: String!): [SearchResult!]!
myChats: [Chat!]!
}
enum Role {
USER,
ADMIN,
}
interface Node {
id: ID!
}
union SearchResult = User | Chat | ChatMessage
type User implements Node {
id: ID!
username: String!
email: String!
role: Role!
}
type Chat implements Node {
id: ID!
users: [User!]!
messages: [ChatMessage!]!
}
type ChatMessage implements Node {
id: ID!
content: String!
time: Date!
user: User!
}
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produces
export type Maybe<T> = T | null;
export type Exact<T extends { [key: string]: unknown }> = { [K in keyof T]: T[K] };
export type MakeOptional<T, K extends keyof T> = Omit<T, K> & { [SubKey in K]?: Maybe<T[SubKey]> };
export type MakeMaybe<T, K extends keyof T> = Omit<T, K> & { [SubKey in K]: Maybe<T[SubKey]> };
/** All built-in and custom scalars, mapped to their actual values */
export type Scalars = {
ID: string;
String: string;
Boolean: boolean;
Int: number;
Float: number;
Date: any;
};
export type Query = {
__typename?: 'Query';
me: User;
user?: Maybe<User>;
allUsers?: Maybe<Array<Maybe<User>>>;
search: Array<SearchResult>;
myChats: Array<Chat>;
};
export type QueryUserArgs = {
id: Scalars['ID'];
};
export type QuerySearchArgs = {
term: Scalars['String'];
};
export enum Role {
User = 'USER',
Admin = 'ADMIN'
}
export type Node = {
id: Scalars['ID'];
};
export type SearchResult = User | Chat | ChatMessage;
export type User = Node & {
__typename?: 'User';
id: Scalars['ID'];
username: Scalars['String'];
email: Scalars['String'];
role: Role;
};
export type Chat = Node & {
__typename?: 'Chat';
id: Scalars['ID'];
users: Array<User>;
messages: Array<ChatMessage>;
};
export type ChatMessage = Node & {
__typename?: 'ChatMessage';
id: Scalars['ID'];
content: Scalars['String'];
time: Scalars['Date'];
user: User;
};
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So if I query:
query { me { email } }
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What do I get back? In the typeclass solution, I get back something with the type { me :: { email :: String } }. In the typescript solution, I get back User. This leads to three interrelated problems:
1. I have a lot more boilerplate now to check if the fields I want (ie email) are present.
2. The object model is too permissive, which means I need to hand-write a type { email :: String } to enforce email's presence downstream, which defeats the purpose of codegen.
3. If email is not served back for whatever reason, the runtime error is shifted far downstream to the point where we try to do something with it. In the typeclass solution, the failure happens directly at the point of query.
Note that this is no fault of graphql codegen (great project!). It's a limitation of typescript's type system and in general any system that does not have the ability to build up functional dependencies or dependent types.
Use typeclasses!
Typeclasses with functional dependencies are a graphql-programmer's dream-come-true. They allow you to create elegant simple relationships between graphql queries, input variables, and responses that are typesafe and predictable across your codebase. You can take typeclasses and functional dependencies for a spin in:
Top comments (0) | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
G60
G60 may refer to
Automobiles
* Dorcen G60, a 2018–present Chinese compact SUV
* Dorcen G60s, a 2019–present Chinese compact SUV
* Ginetta G60, a 2012–2015 British sports car
* Ginetta G60-LT-P1, a 2018 British race car
* Toyota Century (G60), a 2018–present Japanese full-size luxury sedan
* Volkswagen G60 engine, an inline-four cylinder automobile petrol engines
Highways
* G60 Shanghai–Kunming Expressway, an expressway in China | WIKI |
Gary Pettis
Gary George Pettis (born April 3, 1958) is an American former professional baseball center fielder in Major League Baseball (MLB) and current third base coach for the Houston Astros. Pettis won five Gold Glove Awards and finished in the top ten in stolen bases in the American League seven times.
Biography
Pettis was selected in the 6th round of the 1979 draft by the California Angels after attending Castlemont High School in Oakland, California, and played minor league baseball for the Salinas Spurs of the class "A" California League in 1980, then the Holyoke Millers of the double "A" Eastern League in 1981. In 1982, Pettis was promoted to the California Angels, where he played the first six seasons of his career.
After the 1987 season, Pettis went on to play two seasons with the Detroit Tigers, 1988 through the following season of 1989. After two years with Detroit, Pettis joined the Texas Rangers for two seasons, 1990–91. Pettis finished his career in the major leagues in 1992. The 1992 season saw Pettis play for two teams. After leaving the Texas Rangers, Pettis joined the San Diego Padres for the 1992 season but ended that season back in Detroit with the Tigers.
During his career, Pettis consistently hit for low averages and was known for striking out often, but he performed extremely well on defense, earning five Gold Glove Awards. He was noted for making many spectacular leaping or diving catches, depriving hitters of home runs or base hits, and was known in baseball circles as "The man who made center field look easy". Additionally, he was a prolific base runner and had five seasons where he stole over 40 bases. Pettis held the Angels' club record for stolen bases for nearly 20 years, until it was broken by Chone Figgins on July 15, 2007. Pettis was tagged as "Pac Man" Pettis by a local radio station listener call-in contest in 1986, referring to his unusual speed in the outfield and ability to chase down opponents' hits.
On his 1985 Topps baseball card, the person posing in the picture is not Pettis; it is in fact a picture of his younger brother.
In 2022, the Astros won 106 games, the second-highest total in franchise history. They advanced to the World Series and defeated the Philadelphia Phillies in six games to give Pettis his second World Series title as an Astro.
Personal life
His nephew, Austin Pettis, is a former wide receiver for the St. Louis Rams and San Diego Chargers. Pettis has four children, Paige, Kyler, Shaye, and Dante. Dante plays wide receiver for the Chicago Bears and set the NCAA record for most career punt return touchdowns while at the University of Washington. Kyler is an actor who appeared on the NBC daytime drama Days of Our Lives. Brother Stacey Pettis was drafted #94 4th round 1981 by Pittsburgh Pirates. Played in the Pirates system (1981-1984) and Angels (1985-1986). Stacey has been scouting for the past 20 yrs. Seattle Mariners (2001-2016), St Louis Cardinals (2018–present). | WIKI |
Most women juggle busy schedules filled with demanding careers, motherhood and managing a household, often leaving their own health issues on the back burner. Amid these hectic lifestyles, doctors say the lesser-known symptoms of a heart attack can go untreated. “We commonly have women come to the emergency room who are stunned to learn they are having a heart attack,” says Dr. Linda Stronach, an interventional cardiologist at Missouri Baptist Medical Center (MoBap).
As medical director of MoBap’s Advanced Cardiac Care Unit, Stronach advises women to slow down and seek treatment. “It’s important for women to recognize that they are at risk, and recognize what can be done to modify that risk.” In fact, heart disease continues to be the No. 1 killer of women—and the condition is more deadly for women than men. Stronach, who also sees patients, notes that only 8 percent of women consider cardiovascular disease their greatest health risk, but one in three will die from it; whereas one in every 33 women will succumb to breast cancer.
Symptoms of a heart attack for women can vary, leading many to ignore the signs or attribute them to non-critical conditions. Statistics show that only 40 percent of women who were having a heart attack actually thought they were, because they didn’t experience chest pain. A common sign many men and women will experience is chest discomfort radiating to the neck or arms. However, international studies have found women also are 50 percent more likely than men to have shortness of breath, twice as likely to experience nausea, and more than twice as likely to feel a sensation of uneasiness or fear of death as a symptom, Stronach explains. They also may have discomfort in the throat or jaw, upper abdominal pain, dizziness and pain between the shoulder blades. And MoBap’s ER data findings align with these international studies, Stronach notes. “Women also are more likely to have a constellation of symptoms, rather than just one or two as many men do,” she adds.
Since women’s symptoms of a heart attack are less typical, it takes them longer to get to the emergency room, Stronach continues. Statistics show that men experiencing a heart attack arrive at a hospital within 1.3 hours, whereas women get to the ER in 1.9 hours. And that delay in recognizing serious symptoms can be life-threatening, Stronach warns. “The faster we can take care of patients, the better their outcomes.”
Risk factors of coronary heart disease include family history, smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes, being 30 pounds or more overweight and an inactive lifestyle. And some of these risk factors impact women more than men, Stronach notes. “A woman doubles her risk of a heart attack by smoking, but it increases men’s risk by 30 percent.” Additionally, women who have hypertension and diabetes are at higher risk of having a heart attack than men with the same conditions. To mitigate these risks, Stronach recommends not smoking and working with your health care provider to ensure other risk factors are under good control.
When women experience a heart attack, MoBap’s cardiac cath team is at the ready to take patients to the cath lab to assess the cause of the episode, then address it by opening up a blocked vessel, and even putting in a stent if warranted. Stronach encourages women who are experiencing heart attack symptoms to call 911 for an EMT response, rather than driving themselves to the hospital. She also recommends taking an aspirin while waiting for medical personnel to arrive. EMTs can complete an EKG in the patient’s home or en route to the hospital and alert the cardiac cath team members, who are waiting for the ambulance to offer immediate assistance.
Stronach hopes to educate more women about their heart disease risks, preventive measures and treatment. And those women who arrived at the MoBap ER not realizing they were experiencing a heart attack also are helping the hospital spread the word. “They are very helpful in communicating what the lesser-known symptoms are to the community,” Stronach says.
Heart disease is the No. 1 killer of women—and many remain unaware of the lesser-known symptoms they can experience during a heart attack. At Missouri Baptist Medical Center, cardiologists encourage women to know their heart disease risks. For more information, call 996-LIFE (5433) or visit herheartmatters.org.
More Health-wellness articles. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Generate Test Data for Exchange 2010 Using PowerShell: Sending Email
by Jeff Hicks - March 15, 2013
In a previous article I guided you through a technique to generate user logons in a test Exchange 2010 server. Certainly the heart of any testing will center around mailboxes and storage groups. The challenge is to populate mailboxes with data. This is easier than you might imagine using PowerShell.
I’m not going to mess with Outlook or even Outlook Web Access, so my techniques won’t create perfect simulations of a user’s mailbox, but it will fill it with as much data as I want, which for my purposes is all I care about. When I run a command like Get-MailboxStatistics I want to see something. I hope it goes without saying, but these techniques are for use in a test and non-production environment. And they are certainly not the only way. But all I need is PowerShell on a client machine.
Creating Test Data: Send Mail Message
In PowerShell we can use the Send-MailMessage cmdlet and essentially spam the test Exchange server with mail messages.
PS C:\> Send-MailMessage -to jeffhicks@globomantics.local -from jfrost@globomantics.local -subject Spoof -body "I am a test message" -SmtpServer chi-ex01.globomantics.local
There are steps you can do to define the SMTP server name in your PowerShell session, but I wanted to show the complete command. I sent a message to myself that will appear to come from Jack Frost.
Exchange 2010 TestData
The message won’t show up as a sent item in Jack’s mailbox, but I don’t care about that. The point is that I was able to generate a mail message and Exchange delivered it.
Scaling Up
The great thing about PowerShell is that if I can do something once I can do it 10, 100, or 1,000 times. To load up my server with test messages all I need to do is get user accounts from Active Directory and send mail messages. Let’s look at this step by step.
First I’m going to get all enabled users with mailboxes in the Employees OU from my domain.
Import-Module ActiveDirectory
$OUPath = "OU=Employees,DC=globomantics,DC=local"
$users = Get-ADuser -filter {mail -like "*" -AND Enabled -eq $True} -properties mail -SearchBase $OUPath -ErrorAction Stop
I’m running this command from a Windows 8 desktop with RSAT installed. It should work from PowerShell 2 on Windows 7 as long as you have the ActiveDirectory module installed.
I’ll get a random user as the sender.
$sender = $users | Get-Random
Because people often email to multiple recipients, and to help build data, I’ll send to random number of recipients, but no more than five.
$numUsers = Get-Random -Minimum 1 -Maximum 5
$sendto = $users | Get-Random -Count $numUsers
Now, I need a subject and a body, but I want it to be a somewhat random (yet reasonable) size. So I decided to use the About topics that have a synopsis defined. There are some that don’t.
$topics = Get-help about* | where {$_.synopsis}
With this, I can get a random topic.
$topic = $topics[(get-random -Minimum 0 -Maximum $topics.count)]
All that remains is to send the mail message.
Send-MailMessage -To $sendto.mail -From $sender.mail -Subject "re: $($topic.name)" -body ($topic.Synopsis | out-string)
This will work in PowerShell 3.0 because even though $sendto is a collection of user objects, PowerShell 3.0 will automatically turn the Mail property into an array of mail addresses. In 2.0 I’d have to try something like this.
Send-Mailmessage –To $($sendto | select –expand Mail) …
The subject will be the topic name and the mail body will be the synopsis. I can repeat this process for as many users as I want and in no time I have populated mailboxes.
You can see my code below, but you can also click on the link to download my Add-MailData script.
#requires -version 3.0
<#
This script is designed to populate a test Exchange server
with mail messages. The script can be run from a client
desktop that has the Active Directory module installed.
#>
Param (
[string]$PSEmailServer = "chi-ex01.globomantics.local",
#number of messages to create
[int]$Count = 25
)
#import the module
Import-Module ActiveDirectory
#use about help topics as message bodies
$topics = Get-help about* | where {$_.synopsis}
Try {
#get all enabled users with mailboxes in the Employees OU
$OUPath = "OU=Employees,DC=globomantics,DC=local"
$users = get-aduser -filter {mail -like "*" -AND Enabled -eq $True} -properties mail -SearchBase $OUPath -ErrorAction Stop
}
Catch {
Write-Warning "Failed to find any mail-enabled user accounts in $OUPath. $($_.Exception.Message)"
}
#only proceed if users were found
if ($users.count -ge 1) {
0..$count | foreach {
$per = ($_/$count)*100
#get a random user
$sender = $users | Get-Random
#get a random number of users, between 1 and 5
#to send the message to
$numUsers = Get-Random -Minimum 1 -Maximum 5
$sendto = $users | Get-Random -Count $numUsers
#get a random help topic
$topic = $topics[(get-random -Minimum 0 -Maximum $topics.count)]
Write-Progress -Activity "Generating Mail Data" -Status "Item $_" `
-CurrentOperation "From $($sender.mail) Subject re: $($topic.name)" -percentComplete $per
#send the mail message
Send-MailMessage -To $sendto.mail -From $sender.mail `
-Subject "re: $($topic.name)" -body ($topic.Synopsis | out-string)
#insert a random time offset so not all the messages show up
#at once.
$sleep = Get-Random -Minimum 1 -Maximum 30
Start-Sleep -Seconds $sleep
} #foreach
} #if users found
I can run this as often as I want for as many times as I want. It doesn’t take too long and of course you could always run it as a background job. For me, the end result is data.
Exchange 2010 Test Data
The script puts some work on the Exchange server, which is helpful if I’m testing something with performance data.
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Page:Popular Science Monthly Volume 1.djvu/606
590 that on Mount Vesuvius. It is a pity that no observatory has ever replaced the ancient one of Empedocles, near the summit of Etna, or even at Nicolosi, where the valuable services of Dr. Gemellaro might have been obtained. This would have been the more interesting, as Palmieri can detect shocks caused by that volcano, though the distance is enormous. With a third observatory, say in the Philippine Islands, we could not fail to increase our knowledge enormously.
From long practice Palmieri is able to predict eruptions. We remember well, when we were enjoying his hospitality at the beginning of last year, how he said, "This is a small eruption, but there is going to be a great one; I do not say it will be soon, it may be a year, but it will come." In almost exactly a year the great eruption did come.—Abstract from Nature.
N the neighborhood of one of our midland cities is a school for some fifty boys, varying in age from nine or ten to fourteen or fifteen years. During some recent visits to this school, the singular healthiness and heartiness of the boys made me curious to learn exactly how they were fed. The following I ascertained to be the dietary:
Breakfast (in summer at 8, in winter at 8.30) consists of tea or good strong coffee, with abundance of milk, bread-and-butter, and cold meat. By way of change, now and then, eggs for a few days together take the place of meat. Before the foregoing, boys who like it have a small basin of bread-and-milk, or of Scotch porridge made with milk. The milk is new, and comes straight from a farm adjoining the school-grounds.
Lunch at 11.—Each boy has a small fresh roll of bread, or a bun, or a captain's biscuit, and, if weakly, a tumbler of milk or small glass of wine or ale; but, as a rule, nothing is drunk at lunch, dinner, or supper, but pure water.
Dinner, at 1.30, always consists of two courses: 1. Two kinds of meat, viz., beef and mutton, with not less than two kinds of vegetables, and of these a liberal supply. 2. Pudding, usually of fruit, fresh or preserved according to the season, and always well sweetened. On four days of the week the meat is hot roast; on one day it is hot boiled; on one day steaks, cutlets, or made dishes, are substituted for joints; while the Sunday dinner always consists of cold beef, mashed potatoes or salad, and plum-pudding. After dinner some ripe fruit, as an orange or some kind of garden-fruit, according to the season.
Tea at 6 —Tea, bread-and-butter, varied almost daily either | WIKI |
Threat Matrix (database)
The Threat Matrix is an intelligence-based measure and thorough assessments database program that Pakistani government officials and military science circles use in evaluating perceived external and internal threats that challenge the national security of Pakistan. Development began in 2011 under the government of Prime minister Yousaf Raza Gillani. The program identifies the military's operational priorities and goes beyond in comprehensively describing both existential and non-existential threats to the country. The Threat Matrix program is viewed to become a permanent fixture of the national security policy of Pakistan.
The database's comprehensive existence was revealed by political scientist Dr. Farrukh Saleem in his work published in The News International in 2013, but it was earlier mentioned by the ISPR in a press briefing given to media. In his published thesis Saleem critically opined that the source of all existential threats has always been a state actor(s), not a non-state on, the armed forces.
Conventional threats vs. sub-conventional threats
The Threat Matrix has two defined dimensions: conventional threats and sub-conventional threats. Conventional threats are external threats to national security from outside the country, and sub-conventional threats refer to internal threats to national security from within the country. In January 2013, Major-General Asif Salim of the Inter-Services Public Relations (ISPR) briefed the news media on new recent studies conducted by Pakistan military.
According to the ISPR, the armed forces were programmed for conventional warfare but the current situation necessitated change, as the Forces fighting on the front-line in the tribal regions are now being program according to the requirements of sub-conventional warfare. In an interview military scientist, Talat Masood noted that before the new doctrine, India was viewed as "No. 1 enemy", but for the first time, it has been realised that Pakistan faces the real threat from within, a threat that is concentrated in areas along western borders. The conflict in the northwest is closely tied to the War in Afghanistan, with factors like militant insurgency and future US pullout in Afghanistan having an intertwined effect on the conflict in Pakistan. According to Lieutenant-General Khalid Rabbani, commander of the XI Corps in Peshawar, the withdrawal of foreign combat troops from Afghanistan since 2014 may trigger some challenging ramifications for Pakistan in terms of the threat matrix of Afghanistan: "If they are leaving and giving a notion of success to the Taliban of Afghanistan, this notion of success may have a snowballing effect on to the threat matrix of Afghanistan."
Along with the challenges posed at the western front, India still retains an important focus in threat assessments and Pakistan's civil-military foreign policy doctrine. According to an Express Tribune editorial, the potential threat of arch-rival India in the east has an effect on the state's threat matrix on the western front too: "The dwindling capacity of the state to cope with terrorism is owed to Pakistan's 'vigilance' on the eastern border from where Pakistan's static 'threat matrix' expects India to attack and occupy Pakistan because it never accepted the creation of Pakistan." Harsh V. Pant of Outlook India thinks that Pakistan's fast-growing nuclear arsenal, expanding at a greater rate than India's. during a charged sociopolitical atmosphere in the country is rapidly changing the dynamics of the nuclear matrix of the region and tactically underscores the Pakistani military establishment's "India-centric threat matrix."
In 2016, the Pakistan Navy revealed it was developing a "maritime doctrine" in response to an evolving conventional and subconventional threat matrix in the region of the Indian Ocean. The doctrine would aim to protect Pakistan's maritime interests in the region.
Debates and rational thesis
According to J. Berkshire Miller of The Diplomat, "The military establishment in Pakistan, meanwhile, still views its Threat Matrix through an India-centric lens—Pakistan genuinely believes, rightly or wrongly, that India continues to work aggressively against its strategic interests through bribery and espionage in Afghanistan."
In his comprehensive thesis, Minimum Deterrence: Pakistan's Dilemma, published at the Royal United Services Institute (RUSI) by the nuclear strategist and theorist Brigadier-General (retired) Feroz Hassan Khan states that "Pakistan's Threat Matrix dramatically changed" after the events of the 1971 war and India's nuclear bomb test in 1974. The country's threat perception became "dominated by the twin threat of India's conventional force superiority and nuclear weapons capability," and "the acquisition of nuclear weapons hence became Pakistan's highest national security objective, with unanimity across all parts of the political spectrum. This was augmented by the strong perception that outside powers could not be relied upon in moments of crisis and war."
The term also has economic connotations. For instance, US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton outlined the downturn of the global financial crisis and its effect on Pakistan, especially in the context of the war against militancy: "this economic crisis, left unresolved, will create massive unemployment. It will upend governments, it will, unfortunately, breed instability.... I appreciated putting that into the context of the Threat Matrix, because look at Pakistan, a country that we know has to be stabilized for the benefit of not only South Asia, but beyond."
Military exercise and programming
In June 2013, the Pakistan Armed Forces started a joint-war game exercise, codenamed Azm-i-Nau IV, in which the aim was to update the military's "readiness strategy for dealing with the complex security threat environment." The objective of the exercise was to assess military tactics, procedures and techniques in the event of an emerging threat environment, and explore joint operations strategies in response to combating the threat with all three branches of the military: the Army, Air Force and Navy.
The exercise took place amid renewed fears of the situation in Afghanistan post-withdrawal of coalition forces in 2014 as well as the "continuing internal threat of terrorism and India's growing regional ambitions." The newspaper Dawn reported: "A senior military official said [the] war games were meant for coming up with a comprehensive response to all threats. He explained that the threat matrix was evolving and transforming. It includes both the internal challenge from terror groups of various shades and the conventional threat of external aggression."
From 2009, the Azm-i-Nau exercises are aimed at preempting India's Cold Start doctrine and improving a joint armed forces response to any conventional threat.
Scope
In a work published by Dr. Farrukh Saleem, the current Threat Matrix has five major elements: military; nuclear; terrorism; cyber and economic. According to Saleem, the first two threats, the military and the nuclear, are existential in nature, as they threaten the "very basis of the state and its physical existence." Existential threats essentially threaten the "unity, demography and integrity" of a nation-state, Pakistan. The last three threats, terrorism, cyber and economic, are non-existential in nature because they are asymmetric in sense between belligerents that possess "unequal military resources and the weaker opponent uses unconventional weapons and tactics to exploit the vulnerabilities of the enemy."
The government and military science officials describing the Threat Matrix program as legally and morally sound when a recent joint military exercises were conducted to rapidly respond to the threat matrix, which falls in the category of low-intensity conflict being confronted in some areas of the country.
Soon after the revelation of the program to international media by the ISPR, the international media quoted the change of policy as in what is being seen as a "paradigm shift" in the country's policy.
However, Pakistani political science scholar, Ghazi Salahuddin, remains uncertain if this can be described as a "paradigm shift." | WIKI |
Pseudodaphnella leuckarti
Pseudodaphnella leuckarti is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae.
Description
The length of the shell attains 7 mm, its diameter 2.5 mm.
The shell has an ovately acute shape with 6-7 slightly convex whorls. The surface of this small monochrome brown snail is characterized by fairly dense, rounded longitudinal ribs, covered by regular raised striae, forming a coarse grid. The aperture is narrow and somewhat shorter than half the length of the shell. The siphonal canal is straight and short, in which the longitudinal ribs are still visible.
Distribution
This marine species occurs off Japan, Korea and the Philippines. | WIKI |
Mohamed Alanssi
Mohamed Alanssi is a Yemeni national who has worked as an informant for the FBI in over 20 terrorism-related federal prosecutions, starting in November 2001. Alanssi set himself on fire in front of the White House on November 15, 2004. A note he wrote to his FBI handler at the time said he had to travel to Yemen to see his sick wife before he testified in a major terrorism prosecution in 2005. Alanssi was the sole informant in that case, which involved various counts of material support of terrorism against Mohammed Ali Hassan Al-Moayad and his assistant. At the trial, Alanssi was not called by the prosecution, but appeared as a hostile witness for Al-Moayad's defense.
Early life
Alanssi was born in Yemen in 1952. He worked for a time at the U.S. Embassy in Sana'a in the mid-1970s and came to the U.S. on a tourist visa on July 23, 2001. Alanssi came to the attention of federal investigators after an arrest in October 2001 involving Yemenis sending money from the U.S. back to Yemen. He began work with his handler Robert Fuller as an FBI informant in November 2001.
Investigation
Alanssi was sent by the FBI to Yemen three times in 2002 to talk to Shiek Mohammed Ali Hassan al-Moayad, who was suspected of having terrorist ties. Alanssi had previously known al-Moayad in Yemen as a neighbor and as a worshiper in al-Moayad's mosque. Alanssi convinced al-Moayad to travel to Frankfurt, Germany in January 2003 to meet a potential donor for Islamic fundamentalist causes. Alanssi bought airline tickets for Moayad and his assistant, booked them into the hotel in Frankfurt and provided about $500 for extra expenses, including visas from the German Embassy in Sana'a. During several meetings over 2 or 3 days, Alanssi served as a translator for the undercover FBI agent posing as a wealthy former Black Panther. The meeting was audio- and video-recorded by the FBI and Al-Moayad and his assistant were arrested and extradited to the U.S. to face charges. In the reporting of the arrest, Alanssi's name was leaked and appeared in the Yemeni press. He was paid around $100,000 by the FBI during 2003.
In November 2004, Alanssi contacted the Washington Post to discuss his work as an FBI informant in a series of interviews. He related to the paper that he was very unhappy with his treatment by the FBI and he was desperate to travel to Yemen to see his wife, who was sick with stomach cancer. On the morning of November 15, 2004, he informed the Post that he was going to "burn my body at unexpected place." [sic] Alanssi approached a White House guardhouse that afternoon and asked that a note be delivered to President Bush. After he was turned away, he used a lighter to set his jacket on fire. Secret Service officers wrestled him to the ground and put out the flames with fire extinguishers. Alanssi suffered severe burns over 30% of his body. A note he had earlier sent to FBI agent Fuller and the Washington Post read: "I must travel to Yemen to see my sick wife (stomac cancer) and my family before I testify at the court or any other places. Why you don't care about my life and my family's life? Once I testify my family will be killed in Yemen, me too I will be dead man. [sic]"
At that time, Alanssi was the prosecution's star witness in the material support of terrorism case against Al-Moayad and his assistant, Mohammed Mohsen Yahya Zayed. Alanssi eventually testified at that trial in February 2005, although as a hostile witness for the defense. Al-Moayad was convicted of five counts of material support to a foreign terrorist organization and sentenced to 75 years. The conviction was eventually overturned in 2008.
Alanssi pleaded guilty to bank fraud charges in May 2004. He was given five years probation in April 2005. The FBI asked that he be allowed to travel overseas occasionally, to which the judge agreed. Alanssi was the key witness for an investigation that produced arrests in 2006 against four Muslim-Americans, Abdulrahman Farhane, Tarik Shah, Rafiq Sabir, and Mahmud Faruq Brent. The taped conversations between Farhane and Alanssi which formed the center of the investigation occurred in Farhane's Brooklyn bookstore in October 2001. | WIKI |
User:Klingoncowboy4/William Hopper (author)
William Hopper was born a Catholic and even studied for the priesthood until he "discovered women". | WIKI |
Negative capability means the capability of negating oneself. Through this, Keats indicates a poet’s ability to keep himself aloof from his writings.
In accordance with John Keats (1795-1821), “one who has the negative capability, is capable of being uncertainties, mysteries, doubts, without any irritable reaching after fact and reason”. Negative capability is also known as impersonality or objectivity. Although Keats was a writer in the age of subjectivity, he had objectivity or impersonality. His negative capability is seen to a great extent in the poem named “Ode to a Nightingale”. Forgetting the stern realities of life, he shares the joy if the Nightingale enjoys the joy of an ideal world in his imagination. Similarly, in the poem called “Ode on a Grecian Urn” Keats is able to take joy. The Grecian Urn is a symbol of purity, which teaches him to absorb the eternal value.
So, we can say that negative capability is the ability of a poet to keep himself and his emotions aloof from his writings. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Rhode Island Rams men's basketball
The Rhode Island Rams men's basketball team is a college basketball program that competes in NCAA Division I and the Atlantic 10 Conference. The team was recently under the direction of head coach Archie Miller. The Rams play their home games at the Ryan Center (capacity 7,657) which opened in 2002.
The Rams experienced their greatest success by making the Elite Eight in 1998, pulling within 3 points of making their first Final Four in just their 7th appearance before ultimately losing to Stanford.
All-Americans
Rhode Island has had three All-Americans in its history.
NCAA tournament results
The Rams have appeared in ten NCAA tournaments. They have a combined 8–10 record. Tom Garrick holds the Rhode Island single-tournament game scoring record with 29 points in 1988 during a march to the Sweet Sixteen. The eighth-seeded 1997–98 Rams, led by senior guards Tyson Wheeler and Cuttino Mobley, had the best tournament run in school history, making it to the Elite Eight. Six head coaches have led Rhode Island to the NCAA Tournament with four of them registering tourney wins. Success in basketball fell off after the 1998 season, with the Rams making the tournament in 1999 but losing in the First Round. The team has seen a new degree of success recently, qualifying for the NCAA tournament in 2017 and 2018, both times successfully defeating their First Round opponents and advancing to the Second Round.
NIT results
The Rams have appeared in the National Invitation Tournament (NIT) 15 times. Their combined record is 14–16. The Rams reached the NIT semifinals three times (1945, 1946, and 2010) with their best showing being runner-up in the 1946 final. Seven head coaches have led Rhode Island to the NIT with four of them recording wins.
CBI results
The Rams have appeared in the College Basketball Invitational (CBI) one time. Their record is 1–1.
International players
* David Bernsley (born 1969), American-Israeli basketball player
* Xavier Munford (born 1992), basketball player for Hapoel Tel Aviv of the Israeli Basketball Premier League
* Jared Terrell (born 1995), basketball player in the Israeli Basketball Premier League
Participations in FIBA competitions
* 1978 FIBA Intercontinental Cup: 5th place | WIKI |
Talk:Hina (goddess)
Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 7 January 2019 and 15 May 2019. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Mnordee2. Peer reviewers: Pili2.
Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 23:27, 16 January 2022 (UTC)
Attribution to a culture within Polynesia
This article suffers from a lack of proper attribution to a culture within Polynesia. Is this the Hina from Hawaii, or New Zealand, or Rarotonga, or where. Without this attribution the article is pretty meaningless, since Hina is different from country to country. Even within a country, there are often differences from region to region, so figuring out which country we are dealing with is just the start of attaining a semblance of accuracy. What does portrayed with two heads symbolizing day and night mean? Portrayed how? In artwork? In stories? Kahuroa 10:14, 29 May 2006 (UTC)
* I agree. It looks like its Tahitian according to one of the last lines. Goldenrowley 02:28, 8 June 2007 (UTC)
Great Goddess
I removed the sentence in the lead paragraph of the article which said that Hina has been described as the Great Goddess of the Polynesians, ie the Earth Mother. This is certainly not the case in this corner of Polynesia, where Papa is the Earth Mother, and Hina is definitely not in the same league. It may or may not be true elsewhere in Polynesia, but a book like Wilkinson, the source given for the quote, probably wouldn't have that level of detail Kahuroa (talk) 23:52, 6 April 2008 (UTC)
New Zealand Hina?
So in the New Zealand section there's Tuna-roa, Tami, and Suki. Where's Hina? Shouldn't this section be moved to a page about Tuna-roa, Tami, and/or Suki? — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:19, 31 January 2014 (UTC)
Suki is not a New Zealand word
The Maori Language of New Zealand does not feature the letter S, therefore no Suki in New Zealand (the closest NZ equivalent would be Huki). I also have never heard a story about Tami and Suki and really doubt if it is a genuine New Zealand tale. I will be editing<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 08:32, 19 July 2015 (UTC)
Merge from Hinauri
It seems that Hinauri is simply an aspect of Hine, already detailed in the Måori mythology section of this page. It would make sense to merge the small amount of extra information there is at the stub Hinauri into the New Zealand section. Grutness... wha? 03:32, 17 September 2023 (UTC)
* I think my preference would be to expand the content on Hinauri on that article specifically, rather than merge it into here - though I agree that the content at Hinauri is currently not up to scratch. Turnagra (talk) 19:52, 25 December 2023 (UTC)
* Closing given the uncontested objection and no support. Klbrain (talk) 09:52, 8 January 2024 (UTC) | WIKI |
Bathymetric observations of an extreme tidal flow: Approaches to the Gulf of Corryvreckan, western Scotland, UK
Christian Armstrong, John Howe, Andrew Dale, Chris Allen
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
3 Citations (Scopus)
39 Downloads (Pure)
Abstract
The growing interest in tidal energy has led to a need to better understand the interaction between energetic tidal flows and submarine bathymetry. The Gulf of Corryvreckan (GoC) is a highly energetic tidal channel, ∼3.2 km long and ∼1.1 km wide with a maximum depth of 220 m occurring between the islands of Scarba and Jura, western Scotland, UK. A high-resolution bathymetric survey of the region, groundtruthed by sediment samples, has enabled the bathymetry to be related to Lagrangian flow data from GPS-tracked surface drifter buoys. The maximum recorded drifter velocity was 4.75m/s within the GoC during the ebb (east-flowing) tide. Exiting the GoC into open water to the west on the flood tide, the ‘Great Race’ decelerates and subsequently flows in a curve to the north. East and west of the GoC, sedimentary bedforms lie on the flanks of the main flow paths. The northern flank of the Great Race aligns with a 6 km elongate bedform (‘banner bank’) extending from the GoC. East of the GoC, complex tidal bottom flows are suspected to result in uncommon sediment morphology, including suspected sediment wave interference patterns expressed by the mobile bedforms. The novelty of these findings indicates the importance of further research into sediment pathways in energetic tidal zones. A greater understanding of how sediment transport may be modified during offshore construction is an important consideration for offshore installations and the feasibility of marine renewables.
Original languageEnglish
Article number104347
Number of pages13
JournalContinental Shelf Research
Volume217
Early online date13 Jan 2021
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 15 Mar 2021
Keywords
• Tidal flows
• Mobile bedforms
• Bathymetry
• Hydrodynamics
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Scalable concurrency, a design pattern in the Apama EPL
Scalable concurrency, a design pattern in the Apama EPL
April 09, 2009 0 Comments
This is my final installment in a series devoted to a specific example in the Apama EPL. I began this example by describing the basic design pattern of a consumer/producer. Further enhancements enabled multiple consumers and as a result the instance idiom. Finally below, I will again enhance this consumer/producer by illustrating how one can leverage multi-core processors for massive scalability and parallelism.
As I have mentioned before, instances or 'sub-monitors' as they're often referred to in the Apama EPL define a discrete unit of work. That unit of work represents a set of business logic however large (a complete application scenario) or small (a simple analytic). Instances are created on demand using the spawn operator in the language. Each scenario instance is invoked with a unique set of input parameters that represent that occurrence. Each instance can then uniquely maintain its own reference data, timers and event streams, in effect its own state. In general programming patterns this is known as a factory behavioral model but we've extended it to include an execution model.
To provide a means to leverage multi-core processors, the Apama EPL provides a syntax and a simple semantic to allow those instances to execute in parallel. We do this with a language feature called contexts. These are silos of execution which take the factory model to the next level. A context defines a logical container that holds and executes instances of a scenario (of the same or differing types). The EPL provides a semantic for inter-context communication, there is no need for mutexes, semaphores or other locking schemes thus avoiding common deadlock code patterns typical of imperative languages such as java. Each context in effect has it's own logical input queue to which events are streamed from external sources or other contexts. Behind contexts our CEP engine squeezes the most out of operating system threads to leverage maximum use of multi-core processors.
The same CEP engine can create multiple contexts (a context pool as you'll soon see in the code example below), they can be used to hold and execute multiple scenario instances, additionally those instances can create sub-contexts for additional parallelism. If for example, these instances are an application for pricing Options and require a compute-intensive calculation such as Black Scholes, additional contexts can be spawned for these calculations. Furthermore, sub-contexts can be designed as shared compute services to be leveraged by multiple scenario instances running in different (parallel) contexts.
Contexts take the factory model and extend it to include a parallel execution model with a few simple keywords in the EPL as you'll soon see below.
The enhancements to the Item consumer/producer include a Context Pool which I've listed the code for below and the enhanced Item Producer that leverages it. The interface is unchanged except for one new event and the Consumer (client) has a minor revision (thus adhering to my belief that an EPL should follow the principles of structured programming of modularity and encapsulation that I've blogged on at the start of this series). The complete example for this revision is available here and requires Apama version 4.1 (or later of course).
The Context Pool
.
package com.apamax.sample;
event ContextPool {
integer numContexts;
sequence<context> contexts;
integer idx;
action create(integer nc, string name) {
self.numContexts := nc;
while(nc > 0) {
contexts.append(context(name, false));
nc := nc - 1;
}
}
action getContext() returns context {
context c:= contexts[idx];
idx := idx + 1;
if(idx=numContexts) then {
idx := 0;
}
return c;
}
}
The ContextPool as implemented here is a general-purpose utility that provides a pool of contexts via a create method (i.e. action) and a means to distribute a workload across them in a simple round-robining technique each time the getContext action is called.
As I mentioned above contexts are mapped to operating system threads, so judicious use of the create action is expected. The basic rule-of-thumb is that number of total contexts should equal the number of cores on a server. One noteworthy point, contexts can be public or private. A public context means that event listeners running within it can receive event streams from external sources (i.e. adapters), listeners within a private context can only receive events that are directed to the context via the enqueue statement in application logic running in another context. For my example, this context pool utility creates private contexts: context(name, false)
I've leveraged another general capability of the Apama EPL in the implementation of this context pool, that of actions on events. You'll notice these two actions are enclosed in an event definition which is part of our com.apamax.sample package.
In keeping with it's charter of structured programming, actions on events provides a means to promote code modularity by encapsulating reusable utility functions (like a context pool).
The (parallel) Item Producer
.
package com.apamax.sample;
monitor ItemService {
event ClearUserID {
integer id;
}
integer count := 0;
float price := 0.0;
action onload {
ContextPool cf:=new ContextPool;
cf.create(4, "ClientService");
// list of subscriber (user) identifiers
sequence<integer> ids := new sequence<integer>;
SubscribeToItems s;
on all SubscribeToItems():s {
if ids.indexOf(s.subscriberId)= -1 then {
context c:= cf.getContext();
ids.append(s.subscriberId);
route SubscriptionResponse(s.subscriberId, c);
on completed SubscriptionResponse() {
spawn startSubscriptions(s.subscriberId, s.item_name,
context.current()) to c;
}
}
}
ClearUserID c;
on all ClearUserID():c {
log "in " + c.toString();
integer index := ids.indexOf(c.id);
if index != -1 then {
ids.remove(index);
}
}
}
action startSubscriptions(integer this_subscriberId, string name,
context mainContext) {
log "in startSubscriptions";
on all wait(0.1) and not UnsubscribeFromItems(subscriberId =
this_subscriberId) {
route Item(this_subscriberId, name, count, price);
count := count + 1;
price := price + 0.1;
}
on UnsubscribeFromItems(subscriberId = this_subscriberId){
enqueue ClearUserID(this_subscriberId) to mainContext;
}
}
}
To get a general sense of what the multi-instance Item Producer code is intended to do, I suggest a quick scan of my last installment, this revision does not change that basic foundation it only parallelizes it. It is worth pointing out how little the code and design has changed yet this implementation has the ability to scale massively to tens of thousands of instances across multiple processor cores. Clearly this is just a simple example that does very little real work (producing Item events). However structurally, it's a model that represents how one would design such a scalable service in the Apama EPL.
The parallel Item Producer (like it's previous incarnation) manages multiple uniquely identified Consumers. For that it must maintain a list of identifiers, one for each Consumer. But this time, the Producer instance created on behalf of the Consumer is spawned into a context: spawn startSubscriptions(s.subscriberId, s.item_name, context.current()) to c; We're still passing the subscriberID and item_name, (the instance parameters) but we also pass the context handle of the main context (context.current()). This is necessary for the inter-context communication.
The Consumer implementation has undergone a minor change to support this parallelized execution mode to match the Producer. A good design pattern is to ensure that monitors that frequently pass events operate within the same context. This is not a hard-fast rule, only one that limits the amount of inter-context communication (i.e. enqueueing). I've enhanced the interface slightly, there is a new event, SubscriptionResponse that is used as a response to subscription requests (on all SubscribeToItems()) . This event is used to communicate back to the client the context handle of the Producer spawned on its behalf. Once the Consumer receives this event, it also spawns into this same context. By doing so, both the Producer and Consumer operate as they always did sending Item events (route Item(this_subscriberId, name, count, price)) and handling termination (on UnsubscribeFromItems). Within each context, the producer/consumer still adheres to that single-cast event passing scheme where it creates and sends uniquely tagged Item events. The Consumer and the Interface are included in the download (not shown here for brevity's sake).
Two additional noteworthy points to highlight in this Producer implementation.
1) The on completed SubscriptionResponse() listener. The completed keyword indicates that this listener wakes up after the SubscriptionResponse event has been delivered. This way we can guarantee that our Consumer has received this event and has the context handle before spawning the Producer.
2) To process UnsubscribeFromItems events, the statement: enqueue ClearUserID(this_subscriberId) to mainContext; is executed. This statement is used to send an event to the listener (on all ClearUserID) which executes in another context. Recall, that the action startSubscriptions is the target of the spawn operator. So this is the main body of code for which multiple instances are parallelized running in contexts (from the pool). The onload action, which is controlling all of this spawning is logically considered the main context. Due to the strong semantic for inter-context communication, events must be enqueued to another context's input queue. Each context in effect has its own input queue and with the context handle the inter-context communication mechanism is defined. So to communicate the client termination request from the spawned instance running in a private context the ClearUserID event must be enqueued to the main context where the appropriate listener is waiting.
Routing (i.e. route Item(...)) is still possible, but routed events stay within the boundaries on the context where the Producer and it's corresponding Consumer reside. To logically expand the example, multiple Consumers could reside in the same context (i.e. a multi-cast design pattern as I described in the previous revision of this example).
This example is designed to illustrate the simplicity of parallelism in the Apama EPL. With just a few simple statements, one can quickly and easily leverage multi-core processor technologies for massive scalability.
As I mentioned earlier this is the final entry for this specific example, if you're just seeing this for the first time you can start from the beginning (only three short segments) here. I hope this has been informative and provided some insight into the Apama EPL, I plan to have many more code examples in the future on various use cases.
You can download the complete example here with the consumers, interface and producer. Any questions or comments, just let me know,
Louie
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Overnight Healthcare: GOP rift threatens repeal effort | Republicans move against Planned Parenthood | Humana to quit ObamaCare | TheHill
House Republicans are facing a major split on ObamaCare repeal that threatens to stall the effort. Members of the conservative House Freedom Caucus late Monday vowed to oppose any ObamaCare repeal bill that doesn't go as far as what Congress passed in 2015. But the bill being pushed by the Freedom Caucus would repeal ObamaCare's expansion of Medicaid, a measure that centrist Republicans are wary of supporting, particularly in the Senate. Asked about the Freedom Caucus's demand to simply pass the 2015 repeal bill, Rep. Fred Upton (R-Mich.) said: "I don't think you can get 218 votes and do just that." Read more here. http://bit.ly/2levoxo House GOP looks to Medicaid overhaul in ObamaCare bill A top House Republican on healthcare said Tuesday that lawmakers are looking to dramatically restructure Medicaid as part of an ObamaCare repeal bill. Rep. Brett Guthrie (R-Ky.), the vice chairman of the House Energy and Commerce health subcommittee, told reporters that Republicans are looking to include an idea known as "per capita caps" for Medicaid in the fast-track reconciliation bill used to repeal ObamaCare. The comments suggest that Republicans are dealing not just with ObamaCare, but also with restructuring Medicaid as part of their repeal efforts, adding another level of complication. Read more here. http://bit.ly/2knOgKW Humana dropping out of ObamaCare in 2018 Health insurance company Humana announced Tuesday that it would leave the ObamaCare market in 2018. The insurer said it would offer plans through 2017, but that the market has not stabilized enough to participate next year. Humana said it was losing money from taking on too many sick people without enough healthy people to balance the pools. Read more here. http://bit.ly/2kHD5bP Republicans make first move targeting Planned Parenthood funding Republicans are taking their first shot of 2017 at Planned Parenthood. The House is expected this week to vote on a resolution that would rescind an Obama-era regulation barring states from defunding the organization for political reasons. Because the measure is being moved through a law that allows Congress to rescind recently finalized rules, the bill cannot be filibustered in the Senate, raising its odds for success. Republicans framed the move to rescind the regulation as a way to give back to the states the power to determine how federal funds should be spent on women's healthcare. "It is not the role of politicians in Washington to usurp the states' 10th Amendment rights and subject our judgment for that of state and local leaders," said Rep. Diane Black (R-Tenn.), sponsor of the resolution. But Democrats call the move a thinly shrouded attack on abortion providers. "It's really about getting at Planned Parenthood, and this is the first salvo in doing so," said Rep. Jim McGovern (D-Mass.) Read more here: http://bit.ly/2lN6Nxi Some GOP lawmakers want entitlement reform in next budget Members of the conservative Freedom Caucus said Tuesday entitlement reform should be included in the next budget that passes the House, despite President Trump's campaign promise that he would leave Social Security and Medicare alone. "I think any budget that we pass out of the House must include entitlement reform," said Rep. Mark Meadows (R-N.C.), chairman of the House Freedom Caucus. But, he said, benefits to taxpayers who paid into the system should be left untouched. "I think it's incumbent upon conservative members of Congress to put forth a conservative budget, and the only want to really address that is through saving Medicare and Social Security." Read more here: http://bit.ly/2lHWa1Y What we're reading: Angry town hall meetings on healthcare law, and few answers (The New York Times) Bipartisan bill aims to crack down on illicit opioid shipments into U.S. (Stat News) A deep dive into 4 GOP talking points on healthcare (Kaiser Health News) State by state: Iowa House advances bill blocking Planned Parenthood funding (Des Moines Register) House committee moves to block D.C.'s assisted-suicide law (The Washington Post) View the discussion thread. The Hill 1625 K Street, NW Suite 900 Washington DC 20006 | 202-628-8500 tel | 202-628-8503 fax The contents of this site are ©2019 Capitol Hill Publishing Corp., a subsidiary of News Communications, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Is Nano smaller than an atom?
Is Nano smaller than an atom?
Atoms are smaller than a nanometer. One atom measures ~0.1-0.3 nm, depending on the element. SEM image of atoms on a surface.
Can nanotechnology cure cancer?
Doctors have used nanotechnology to treat cancer for more than a decade. Two approved treatments — Abraxane and Doxil — help chemotherapy drugs work better. Abraxane is a nanoparticle made from the protein albumin attached to the chemo drug docetaxel. It stops cancer cells from dividing.
What is Enano?
gnome; hobgoblin; dwarf; pixie; kobold; imp; troll; shorty; squirt; runt; half-pint.
What is the name of Nano?
MEANING: This name derives from the West Gothic name “Fridunand”, composed of two elements: “*friþuz” (peace, tranquility, friendship) plus “*nanþi-” (bold, to be bold, daring, to dare). The name means “bold protector, brave in peace”. The name was adopted by Romance languages from its use in the Visigothic Kingdom.
What is Nano short for in Spanish?
‘Nano’ is a shortened form of ‘Enano’ (‘dwarf’).
What is the goal of nanotechnology?
The vision of the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) is a future in which the ability to understand and control matter at the nanoscale leads to a revolution in technology and industry that benefits society.
Can nanoparticles cure cancer?
Nanoparticles are a promising treatment option for cancers that are resistant to common therapies. In a new study that demonstrates an innovative and non-invasive approach to cancer treatment, Northwestern Medicine scientists successfully used magnetic nanoparticles to damage tumor cells in animal models.
Is Nano a boy or girl?
Hana Ishiyama Ohara, known professionally as Nano (ナノ, stylized as nano; born July 12, 1988), is a Japanese-American singer and lyricist managed by HoriPro and signed to the Flying Dog label.
What are the disadvantages of nanotechnology?
Disadvantages include: Potential dangers to humans and the environment. Loss of manufacturing and agricultural jobs. Economic market crashes related to a potential lower value of oil due to more efficient energy sources and gold or diamonds, materials that can be reproduced with molecular manipulation.
How small is nano?
Just how small is “nano?” In the International System of Units, the prefix “nano” means one-billionth, or 10-9; therefore one nanometer is one-billionth of a meter. It’s difficult to imagine just how small that is, so here are some examples: A sheet of paper is about 100,000 nanometers thick.
How can nanotechnology treat cancer?
Nanotechnology offers the means to target chemotherapies directly and selectively to cancerous cells and neoplasms, guide in surgical resection of tumors, and enhance the therapeutic efficacy of radiation-based and other current treatment modalities.
Can nanoparticles cause cancer?
Tissue studies indicate that nanoparticles, engineered materials about a billionth of a meter in size, could damage DNA and lead to cancer, according to research presented at the 2007 Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research.
What is Nano a nickname for?
Nano is a short form of the Greenlandic name Nanoĸ. In Spanish, Nano is a diminutive of several names, especially of Fernando.
How do gold nanoparticles treat cancer?
Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a central application of gold nanoparticles in cancer treatment. Gold nanoparticles absorb incident photons and convert them to heat to destroy cancer cells.
What nanoparticles can find and kill cancer cells?
Scientists have carried out experiments on how cancer cells in the human liver react to various types of magnet nanoparticles. They found that iron oxide nanocubes and nanoclusters are capable of activating certain genes that give a ‘self-destruct command’ to liver cancer cells.
What comes after Nano?
Table 5. SI prefixes
Factor Name Symbol
10-9 nano n
10-12 pico p
10-15 femto f
10-18 atto a | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Fault Detection and Isolation for an Uncertain Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy System using the Interval Approach
Fault Detection and Isolation for an Uncertain Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy System using the Interval Approach
Hassene Bedoui (University of Monastir, Tunisia), Atef Kedher (University of Tunis Manar, Tunisia) and Kamel Ben Othman (University of Tunis Manar, Tunisia)
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-7248-2.ch013
Abstract
This work deals with the fault detection and localization in the case of uncertain nonlinear systems. The presented method uses the diagnosis based on mathematical models. To model nonlinear systems, the multiple model approach is used. This method uses the Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy systems principle to obtain a nonlinear system named multiple models. This modeling principle has the advantage of obtaining a general model that can describe any class of nonlinear systems. This modeling principle also allows one to obtain the generalization of many results that are already obtained for linear systems to the nonlinear systems. To model the system uncertainties, the interval approach is used because the faults or disturbances are generally unknown, but it is possible to know their upper and lower bounds. The proposed technique is insensitive to measurement uncertainties and highly reliable in case of a fault affecting the outputs system.
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1. Introduction
State еstimаtiоn plays an important role in a context of systеm diаgnosis. It.is an.analytical source of rеdundаncy used to generate system fаilure symptoms by making a.comparison between the real behavior signals of the system and the estimated signals. A not desired variation between these signals indicates the possible presence of fаults affecting the systеm operation.
An accurate representation of the system model is the challenge faced by the scientific community. Several methods have been proposed to model the systems behavior in order to ensure proper supervision. Indeed, in many industrial fields, which must give product with good precision or which are dangerous, such as nuclear power plants or aerospace, all faults must be detected to ensure the materials and human security and the product precision (Bedoui et al, 2013). Hardware redundancy is often considered to detect and locate faults solution, or any material is ideal. Each instrument has an uncertainty which is often indicated by the manufacturer. Hardware redundancy consists in using several sensors to measure one output. This technique allows being sure of the output measure. The disadvantage of this technique is the installation blocking and considerable additional cost.
The diagnosis is an important field that allows detecting and locating the origin of faults or failure and permits to locate and track their evolution. It is based on the principle of residuals generation. The principle of residual generation is to compare the evolution of the system state to the state estimated. Computing the state estimation error leads to conclude if the system is faulty or no. If the residual is null, the system has a good behavior and no faults are affecting the system. In the opposite case it is possible to detect a fault affecting the system. These residuals are only functions of the measurement of noise and faults, and are determined, in this work, in the case of sensor faults.
In this work, a method for diagnosis of nonlinear systems with measurement uncertainties (sensors) based on the interval analysis as tools for state estimation is proposed. This method is used to make the fault detection and location.
In general, faults can be detected by developing performing checks to verify the adequacy of the information provided by the model and the sensors. An inconsistency appears when the residual is out of the vicinity of zero (for filter-based methods (Kalman, 1960), observers (Luenberger, 1964) or space parity (Chow & Willsky, 1984)) or when the parameters derived abnormally in the methods of parametric estimations (Isermann, 1984).
The interval analysis is to define an envelope in which the fault is considered non-existent and any measurement deviation inside this envelope is considered normal. Otherwise, the system is declared faulty. This approach has been explored by Adrot (Adrot et al, 2002; 2000) and recently by Bedoui (Bedoui et al, 2014) and applied to a mechatronic system by Letellier (Letellier, 2012).
Recently, Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy systems are the subject of many researches by virtue of their approximation capabilities (Witczak et al, 2008 ; Khedher & Othman, 2010). They can represent exactly a nonlinear model (Tanaka et al, 1998; Witczak et al., 2008; Khedher & Othman, 2010). They are constructed by a set of linear models blended together with nonlinear functions holding the convex-sum property. In the case of Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy systems, state estimation is based on the design of nonlinear observers (multiple observers) using the same nonlinear weighting functions as the Takagi-Sugeno models (Akhenak et al, 2009; 2003; Ichalal et al, 2009a; Khedher et al, 2008; 2009).
Key Terms in this Chapter
Fault: A fault is any difference between the observed feature on the device and the reference feature.
Nonlinear System: Nonlinear system is a system which does not satisfy the superposition principle – meaning that the output of a nonlinear system is not directly proportional to the input.
Multiple Model Approach: This approach is based on the reduction of the system complexity by the decomposition of its operation space in a finished number of operation zones. Multiple models is a set of submodels aggregated by an interpolation mechanism for characterizing the overall dynamic behavior of a system.
Uncertain Parameter: Uncertain parameter is a variable whose value is not known.
Fault Isolation: Fault isolation aims at the location of a detected fault occurring on the actuators, sensors, instrumentation, control or system controlled by specifying which organ or component is affected by it.
Sensor Faults: A sensor fault causes a false value of `physical quantities measured.
Interval Analysis: A mathematical tool resulted from the ensemblist approach to perform arithmetic and logic operations between intervals.
Fault Detection: Fault detection determines whether the physical system operates normally and signaling the presence of a fault.
Complete Chapter List
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Space Detectives Are Figuring Out What Borked Japan's Hitomi Satellite
Think back to your worst first day of work ever. Maybe you stepped in dog doo right before you got to the office. Or the fates aligned such that you shared a cubicle with last week's failed Tinder match. Or maybe you just randomly exploded. Even if that last one doesn't match a personal experience, you can at least empathize with Hitomi, the Japanese satellite that got buck fiftied by an asteroid—or something—while warming up for its first day of work. The satellite, launched February 17 to collect X-rays from black holes and other cosmic bodies, was supposed to come online at 3:40am ET on March 26. But when the appointed time arrived, Hitomi didn't clock in for work. https://twitter.com/planet4589/status/714118301555757060 | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
=head1 NAME Mail::Addressbook::Convert::PersistentUtilities =head1 SYNOPSIS This module is not designed to be used by the user. It provides a method with values that persist between calls. =head1 REQUIRES Perl, version 5.001 or higher Carp =head1 DESCRIPTION =head1 DEFINITIONS =head1 METHODS =head2 new no arguments needed. =head2 makeAliasUnique Input Parameter 1 : A email alias ( string ) Parameter 2 boolean. if true underscores are allowed in aliases if false, they are eliminated Returns An alias, which is unique among all the previous aliases called during the life of the object. =head1 LIMITATIONS =head1 REFERENCES =head1 HISTORY This code is derived from the code used on www.interguru.com/mailconv.htm . The site has been up since 1996 ( but ldif was only included on 1997, when Netscape 3 started using it.) The site gets about 8000 unique visitors a month, many of whom make addressbook conversions. The code has been well tested. =head1 FUTURE DIRECTIONS =head1 BUGS =head1 CHANGES Original Version 2001-Sept-09 =head1 COPYRIGHT Copyright (c) 2001 Joe Davidson. All rights reserved. This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the Perl Artistic License (see http://www.perl.com/perl/misc/Artistic.html). or the GPL copyleft license ( http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html) =head1 AUTHOR Mail::Addressbook::Convert was written by Joe Davidson in 2001. =cut package Mail::Addressbook::Convert::PersistentUtilities; # This class contain methods which need persistent values. use Carp; use Mail::Addressbook::Convert::Utilities; use strict; ############################ sub new { my $self=shift; my %usedAlias; return bless { ADDNUM=> 100, USEDALIAS =>\%usedAlias }, $self; } ##########################################################################3 sub makeAliasUnique { my ($self,$inputAlias,$allowUnderscores) = @_; my $alias = &cleanalias($inputAlias,$allowUnderscores); if (substr ($alias, -1,1) =~ /\d/) # does alias end in a number { $alias = $alias."a"; } if ($self->{USEDALIAS}{$alias}) { my $addNum = $self->{ADDNUM}; $alias = $alias.$addNum; $self->{ADDNUM}++; } $self->{USEDALIAS}{$alias} = 1; return $alias; } ##########################################################################3 return 1; | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Nnooo (2nd nomination)
The result was delete. Liz Read! Talk! 21:44, 17 January 2023 (UTC)
Nnooo
AfDs for this article:
* – ( View AfD View log | edits since nomination)
Fails WP:GNG with the only sources of note being interviews, not secondary sources. These interviews were presented in the last AfD in an apparent misunderstanding of policy. There is little about the studio itself, only about their games. Notability is not inherited. ᴢxᴄᴠʙɴᴍ (ᴛ) 18:18, 10 January 2023 (UTC)
* Note: This discussion has been included in the deletion sorting lists for the following topics: Video games and Companies. ᴢxᴄᴠʙɴᴍ (ᴛ) 18:18, 10 January 2023 (UTC)
* Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Australia-related deletion discussions. Spiderone (Talk to Spider) 18:26, 10 January 2023 (UTC)
* Delete per nom. Non-notable company, page does not contain RSs and any would seem unlikely to exist. Fails to establish notability, fails WP:NCORP. Cabrils (talk) 23:23, 12 January 2023 (UTC)
* Delete: Couldn't find an independent, secondary, source with more than a trivial mention. Fails WP:GNG - GA Melbourne (talk) 14:46, 16 January 2023 (UTC)
| WIKI |
Page:Statesman's Year-Book 1871.djvu/175
GERMANY WURTEMBERG. 1 39
III. WURTEMEERG.
(KONIGREICH WURTEMBERG.)
Reigning Sovereign and Family.
Karl T., King of Wurtemberg, born March 6, 1823 ; ascended the throne at the death of his father, King Wilhelm I., June 25, 1864. Married, July 13, 1846, to Grand-duchess Olga of Russia, daughter of Czar Nicholas I.
Sisters of the King. — 1. Princess Catharine, born Aug. 24, 1821 ; married Nov. 20, 1845, to her cousin, Prince Friedrich of Wiirtem- berg. 2. Princess Augusta, born Oct. 4, 1826, married June 17, 1851, to Prince Hermann of Saxe- Weimar, major-general in the service of Wurtemberg.
Half-Sisters of the King — Offspring of the second marriage of KingWilhelmLwith Grand-duchess Catharine of Russia. 1. Princess Marie, born Oct. 30, 1816 ; married March 19, 1840, to Count Alfred von Neipperg, eldest son of Count Adam Neipperg, and of Archduchess Maria Louise of Austria, former consort of the Emperor Napoleon I.; widow Nov. 16, 1865. 2. Princess Sophie, born June 17, 1818 ; married June 18, 1839, to King Willem III. of the Netherlands.
Cousins of the King. — 1. Prince Friedrich, born Feb. 21, 1808, the son of Duke Paul of Wurtemberg, uncle of the king, and of Princess Charlotte of Saxe-Altenburg ; married Nov. 20, 1845, to his cousin, Princess Catharine, daughter of King Wilhelm I. Issue of the union is a son, Prince Wilhelm, born Feb. 25, 1848. 2. Prince August, brother of the preceding, born Jan. 24, 1813, general of cavalry in the service of Prussia. 3. Princess Charlotte, sister of the preceding, born Jan. 9, 1807 ; married, Feb. 20, 1824, to Grand-duke Michael of Russia ; widow, Sept. 9, 1849.
Other Relatives of the King. — 1. Prince Alexander, born Sept. 9, 1804, the son of Duke Ludwig of Wurtemberg, uncle of the king; married May 2, 1835, to Claudine, daughter of Count Rheday of Transylvania, created at the marriage Countess von Hohenstein; widower, Oct. 1, 1841. Issue of the union are one son and two daughters, namely, Franz, born Aug. 27, 1837, created Prince von Teck Dec. 1, 1863, and married to Princess Mary of Cambridge June 12, 1866; Claudine, born Feb. 11, 1836; and Amelia, born Nov. 12, 1838 ; married Oct. 24, 1863, to Baron von Hiigel, captain in the Austrian cavalry. 2. Princess Marie, born | WIKI |
clear markdown compare help best fiddles feedback dbanow.uk a leap of faith?
clear markdown donate comments/suggestions/bugs a leap of faith? bible365 diddy dollings
By using db<>fiddle, you agree to license everything you submit by Creative Commons CC0. 1811935 fiddles created (25311 in the last week).
CREATE TABLE Temp(Xdate DATE, Xmessage varchar(20)); insert into Temp values ('2020-05-15','測試'); insert into Temp values ('2020-05-15','xx'); insert into Temp values ('2020-06-13 ','測試'); insert into Temp values ('2020-06-15','測試'); insert into Temp values ('2020-06-19','測試'); insert into Temp values ('2020-06-19','zz'); insert into Temp values ('2020-06-19','zz'); insert into Temp values ('2020-06-19','zz'); insert into Temp values ('2020-06-19','yy');
hidden batch(es)
select Substring(Xdate,1,7) as XMonth,Xmessage,count(Xmessage) as XCount from Temp where Xmessage = '測試' group by Substring(Xdate,1,7),Xmessage
XMonth Xmessage XCount
2020-05 測試 1
2020-06 測試 3
hidden batch(es) | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
C++ Program to Convert Octal Number to Decimal Number
In the previous article, we have discussed about C++ Program to Convert Decimal Number to Binary Number. Let us learn how to Convert Octal Number to Decimal Number in C++ Program.
Methods to Convert Octal Numbers to Decimal Numbers in C++
In this article, we will discuss different methods of converting octal to decimal numbers in c++. The list of the methods that we will discuss is given below.
Let discuss the basic idea for converting octal to a decimal number which will help us later in writing the code. Let discuss the approach with the help of an example. Suppose the octal number is 67 then its decimal form is 55. We will write 67 as 6*(8^1)+7*(8^0) which is equivalent to 55. So here we see we extract the digit of decimal number and multiply the digit with the power of 8 in increasing order. This means the first digit is multiplied with 8 to the power 0 while the second digit is multiplied with 8 to the power 1 and so on. So this is the intuition. Let’s discuss different methods to do it.
Method 1-Using Loop with arithmetic operator
In this approach, we will take the help of a loop and modulo(%) and division(/) operator to extract the digit of the binary number. When we extract the digit we will simply multiply the digit with a power of 8 and stored the result in the variable. Let’s write the code for this.
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int convertOctalToDecimal(long long n)
{
int decimalNumber = 0, i = 0, rem;
while (n!=0)
{
rem = n%10;
n /= 10;
decimalNumber += rem*pow(8,i);
i++;
}
return decimalNumber;
}
int main()
{
long long n=67;
cout << n << " in octal is " << convertOctalToDecimal(n) << " in decimal";
return 0;
}
Output
67 in octal is 55 in decimal
Method 2-Using pre-defined function
In c++ there is a pre-defined function that is used to convert octal to decimal numbers. Here we are talking about stoi() function. Let us see what the stoi() function is.stoi() stands for the string to integer, it is a standard library function in C++ STL, it is used to convert a given string in various formats (like binary, octal, hex, or a simple number in string formatted) into an integer. Let’s write the code for this.
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
string n="67";
cout << n << " in octal is " << stoi(n, 0, 8) << " in decimal";
return 0;
}
Output
67 in octal is 55 in decimal
So these are the methods to convert octal numbers to decimal numbers in c++. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Lancaster, California
Lancaster is a charter city in northern Los Angeles County, in the Antelope Valley of the western Mojave Desert in Southern California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 173,516, making Lancaster the 153rd largest city in the United States and the 30th largest in California. Lancaster is a twin city with its southern neighbor Palmdale; together, they are the principal cities within the Antelope Valley region.
Lancaster is located approximately 70 mi north (via I-5 and SR 14) of downtown Los Angeles and is near the Kern County line. It is separated from the Los Angeles Basin by the San Gabriel Mountains to the south and from Bakersfield and the San Joaquin Valley by the Tehachapi Mountains to the north. The population of Lancaster has grown from 37,000 at the time of its incorporation in 1977 to over 157,000 as of 2019.
History
Antelope Valley, the area where Lancaster is now located, was home to the Paiute tribe at the time of first contact with Europeans. The Antelope Valley's central geography then served as the hub of a trade route for tribes trading between the California coast, the Central Valley, the Great Basin, and the pueblos of Arizona.
After statehood, the Antelope Valley again served as a geographic shortcut but for the Stockton-Los Angeles Road and the Butterfield Overland Mail, which had two nearby stops in Mud Spring and Neenach in the 1850s. However, Lancaster's origins as a settlement start with the Southern Pacific Railroad, which replaced the stage coach routes. The railroad built a station house, locomotive watering facility, section gang housing, and railroad track in the location of the town's current center. In 1876 the Southern Pacific completed the line through the Antelope Valley, linking San Francisco and Los Angeles.
Lancaster began as a Scottish settlement. The origin of Lancaster's name is unclear, attributed variously to the surname of a railroad station clerk, the moniker given by railroad officials, or the former Pennsylvania home (Lancaster, Pennsylvania) of unknown settlers. Train service brought passengers through the water-stop-turned-community, which, with the help of promotional literature, attracted new settlers. The person credited with formally developing the town is Moses Langley Wicks, who in 1884 bought property from the railroad for $2.50 per acre, mapped out a town with streets and lots, and by September was advertising 160-acre tracts of land for $6 an acre. The following year, the Lancaster News started publication, making it the first weekly newspaper in the Antelope Valley. By 1890, Lancaster was bustling and booming, and thanks to adequate rainfall, farmers planted and sold thousands of acres of wheat and barley.
The town was devastated by the decade-long drought that began in 1894, killing businesses and driving cattle north, though fortunes improved somewhat in the late-1890s following the nearby discoveries of gold and borax. The Tropico Gold Mine in Rosamond was briefly the largest goldmine in Southern California before its 1956 closure. The Pacific Coast Borax Company mine would later become the world's largest borax mine, producing nearly half of the world's supply of borates. The 1912 completion of Antelope Valley High School allowed students from the growing region to study locally instead of moving to distant cities, hosting the state's first high school dormitory system.
Lancaster State Prison opened in 1993 and before that Los Angeles County hosted no prisons but accounted for forty percent of California's state-prison inmates. "Most of Lancaster's civic leaders and residents" opposed the building of the prison, and four inmates escaped from LAC in its first year of operation. Nevertheless, by 2000 a proposal to increase the proportion of maximum-security inmates received little criticism.
In 2005, Hyundai Motor Co. announced the grand opening of a 4,300-acre, $60 million "Proving Ground," a state-of-the-art testing facility for cars and sports utility vehicles in nearby California City.
In 2010, the city opened The BLVD, a one-mile revitalized stretch of Lancaster Boulevard between 10th Street West and Sierra Highway, with additional construction on Elm Avenue and Fig Avenue continuing for the next few months.
City leaders set the goal of becoming the nation's first Net-Zero municipality, wherein the city would produce more clean energy than it consumes. Much of the city's infrastructure including City Hall, local schools, and the minor league baseball stadium are solar-powered. In March 2013, Lancaster became the first city in the USA to require solar panels on all new homes in an effort to make the community more carbon neutral. The rule took effect in January 2014.
War Eagle Field / Mira Loma
War Eagle Field is a former airfield located in the Mojave Desert, about 5 mi west of central Lancaster.
In 1944, the flight school changed its name to Mira Loma Flight Academy. The airfield inactivated on October 1, 1945, and was declared surplus in 1946. Responsibility for it was given to the War Assets Administration. The land was then bought by Los Angeles County. The airfield was converted to the Mira Loma Detention Center. In 2012, Los Angeles County closed the detention center. Los Angeles County is currently collaborating with the City of Lancaster, the faith-based community, and the non-profit community to convert the facility into a winter shelter.
Climate
Lancaster has a semi-arid climate, bordering on an arid climate. The area within Lancaster is covered by shrublands (80%), forests (8%), grasslands (7%), lakes and rivers (2%), and croplands (2%). Lancaster and its immediate surroundings are part of USDA Plant Hardiness Zone 8b. Winters are cool to mild, with daily normal minimum temperatures at or just below freezing from late November until late January; summers are hot and nearly rainless. On average, annually there are 68 mornings with a minimum at or below freezing, and 35.7 afternoons with a maximum at or above 100 °F. With a normal annual precipitation of 6.81 in, clear days are the norm even in winter, when surrounding mountain ranges are blanketed with snow. Thunderstorms are infrequent but do occur in July through September. Spring wildflowers are abundant, including Lupines, the California Poppy, Fiddlenecks, purple owl's clover, California Goldfields, Creamcups, and Coreopsis. Summer nights are cool and the Pacific tree frog or barn owl can be heard. Average annual snowfall is around 2 in.
The record high temperature in Lancaster was 115 °F on June 30, 2013. The record low temperature was 2 °F on December 24, 1984. The wettest “rain year” was from July 1992 to June 1993 with 19.57 in and the driest from July 2012 to June 2013 with 1.26 in. The most precipitation in one month was 7.46 in in January 1993. The most precipitation in one twenty-four-hour period was 2.93 in on March 1, 1983. In December 1979, 23.9 in of snow fell in Lancaster.
2010
The 2010 United States Census reported that Lancaster had a population of 156,633. The population density was 1,656.7 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Lancaster was 77,734 (49.6%) White (34.2% Non-Hispanic White), 32,083 (20.5%) African American, 1,519 (1.0%) Native American, 6,810 (4.3%) Asian (2.2% Filipino, 0.4% Chinese, 0.4% Indian, 0.3% Vietnamese, 0.3% Korean, 0.2% Japanese), 362 (0.2%) Pacific Islander, 29,728 (19.0%) from other races, and 8,397 (5.4%) from two or more races. There were 59,556 people of Hispanic or Latino ancestry, of any race (38.0%).
The Census reported that 148,374 people (94.7% of the population) lived in households, 1,484 (0.9%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 6,775 (4.3%) were institution
There were 46,992 households, out of which 22,021 (46.9%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 22,108 (47.0%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 9,481 (20.2%) had a female householder with no husband present, 3,389 (7.2%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 3,374 (7.2%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 376 (0.8%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 9,239 households (19.7%) were made up of individuals, and 3,060 (6.5%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.16. There were 34,978 families (74.4% of all households); the average family size was 3.62.
The population was spread out, with 47,160 people (30.1%) under the age of 18, 18,607 people (11.9%) aged 18 to 24, 42,575 people (27.2%) aged 25 to 44, 35,632 people (22.7%) aged 45 to 64, and 12,659 people (8.1%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30.4 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.5 males.
There were 51,835 housing units at an average density of 548.2 /sqmi, of which 28,366 (60.4%) were owner-occupied, and 18,626 (39.6%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 3.8%; the rental vacancy rate was 9.4%. 90,064 people (57.5% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 58,310 people (37.2%) lived in rental housing units.
According to the 2010 United States Census, Lancaster had a median household income of $50,193, with 21.5% of the population living below the federal poverty line.
2000
As of the census of 2000, there were 118,718 people, 38,224 households, and 27,674 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,263.0 PD/sqmi. There were 41,745 housing units at an average density of 444.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 62.82% White, 16.01% African American, 1.02% Native American, 3.81% Asian, 0.23% Pacific Islander, 11.11% from other races, and 5.00% from two or more races. 24.13% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 16.95% were Mexican, 0.6% were Puerto Rican and 0.22% were Cuban. Mexican and German were the most common ancestries.
There were 38,224 households, out of which 42.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.4% were married couples living together, 17.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.6% were non-families. 22.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.92 and the average family size was 3.41.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 32.3% under the age of 18, 9.5% from 18 to 24, 31.3% from 25 to 44, 18.2% from 45 to 64, and 8.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.9 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $41,127, and the median income for a family was $48,276 (based on Merrit Research). Males had a median income of $40,710 versus $27,619 for females (+/- $3,000 per year).
Mexican (16.9%) and German (10.3%) are the most common ancestries in the city. Mexico (44.3%) and the Philippines (8.4%) are the most common foreign places of birth in Lancaster.
Homelessness
In 2022, there were 636 homeless individuals in Lancaster.
Economy
The Greater Antelope Valley Economic Alliance describes five areas as business and industrial parks in the city of Lancaster: Fox Field Industrial Corridor (adjacent to the General William J. Fox Airfield) along Avenue G, North Valley Industrial Center, Lancaster Business Park, Enterprise Business Park, Centerpoint Business Park, and the Southern Amargosa Industrial Area. The former Lancaster Redevelopment Agency is credited with attracting major business operations to the area such as SYGMA, Rite Aide, Micheals, Bank of America, and many more. In 2012 the state of California abolished all local redevelopment agencies. The city's economic development department is now responsible for recruiting large employers and is involved in attracting retail and dining to Lancaster Town Center, Front Row Center, and other retail centers throughout the city.
Another focus of the Agency and the city was the revitalization of Downtown Lancaster. With historic buildings interspersed with modern amenities such as a library and performing arts center, downtown businesses formed the Lancaster Old Town Site (LOTS). LOTS has resulted in the renovation of business facades and attraction of new businesses, including boutiques and restaurants in the Old Town Area.
In 2009, Lancaster had 17% unemployment. Given the strength of China's economy in the face of the global recession, Mayor R. Rex Parris identified recruitment of Chinese manufacturing firms as a high priority in 2009. In early 2010, Mayor Parris led a delegation to explore trade opportunities with China. An essential component of this trade mission was a stop in Shenzhen, China to meet with representatives of the battery, alternative energy, solar panel, and vehicle manufacturing firm BYD. BYD was looking to break into the United States vehicle manufacturing market, and was introduced to the City of Lancaster by Los Angeles County Supervisor Michael Antonovich and his wife, Christine.
Lancaster's partnership with BYD began with the "Home of the Future," in which KB Home utilized BYD's energy efficiency and storage technology to construct some of the first affordable near net-zero homes in the U.S. Through the success of this project, a working relationship was born, which BYD and Lancaster continued to cultivate as BYD Auto prepared to enter the U.S. market. Once the firm was ready to establish its manufacturing facility, Lancaster was its first stop. In May 2013, BYD Auto announced two manufacturing facilities to be located in Lancaster. These include a 120,000-square-foot BYD electric bus manufacturing facility, as well as a separate 44,000-square-foot energy storage system (large scale battery) manufacturing facility. By April 2019, BYD Lancaster had produced over 300 electric buses for US and Canada. Lancaster has the highest solar production per capita in California.
unemployment is around 6%.
Shopping centers
* Valley Central Way
* Lancaster Boulevard (The BLVD)
* Lancaster Commerce Center Shopping Center
* West Lancaster Plaza Shopping Center
Lancaster Museum of Art and History
The city has prioritized arts and culture as an economic driver, opening the Lancaster Museum of Art and History, or MOAH, in 2012 locating the new facility in its downtown district known as The BLVD. Originally founded as the Lancaster Museum/Art Gallery in 1986, the MOAH operates four sites within the city, serving the Antelope Valley, Los Angeles County, and parts of Kern and San Bernardino Counties. The museum contains over 10,000 art pieces about Southern California.
The BLVD Cultural District
In 2018, downtown Lancaster was designated The BLVD Cultural District, one of fourteen California Cultural Districts recognized as a place where culture happens within the state. Within the district, BLVD Cultural District Family Days and the biannual POW! WOW! Antelope Valley mural and arts festival has added nearly 50 murals by both local and internationally known artists to the district. The BLVD project was completed in 2010 and consists of Lancaster Blvd from 10th Street West to Sierra Highway. The multiple festivals have attracted huge crowds in the tens of thousands. The BLVD project was largely accepted as a major success. The Western Hotel (1876) is the oldest standing structure in the city of Lancaster, which was converted to a museum under the California Historic Site program in 1992, is also located within The BLVD Cultural District.
The Lancaster Performing Arts Center, in addition to MOAH, is a cultural anchor within the cultural district, providing a varied array of fine arts from community theatre productions to classical music and various forms of dance. It also draws celebrity performers from across the country and around the world, including renowned singers, dancers and musicians of all genres as well as comedians and variety shows.
The BLVD Cultural District is also home to the Lancaster Aerospace Walk of Honor. Established in 1990 by the Lancaster City Council, the Aerospace Walk of Honor celebrates test pilots who were associated with Edwards Air Force Base. Recognition is awarded for distinguished aviation careers marked by significant and obvious achievements beyond one specific accomplishment. The sidewalk monuments are dedicated to a distinguished group of internationally known experimental test pilots. Five honorees are inducted each year in a special ceremony held in September.
The city has changed from a railroad water stop of the 19th century to a city with many residents and visitors. Lancaster was the headquarters of the "Flat Earth Society" from 1974 through 2001.
The Musical Road
Lancaster has the first musical road in the United States. The Civic Musical Road "plays" part of the William Tell Overture, also known as the theme to the 1950s television show The Lone Ranger. It was first put in by Honda for a television commercial. After noise and safety complaints, it was paved over two weeks later. After complaints in favor of the road, the musical road was reinstalled in a new location, at 30th Street West and Avenue G, near Fox Airport and Apollo County Park, completed October 17, 2008. While it plays the same song, it is now two miles (3 km) away from the nearest residence.
Special events
Each spring, the California Poppy Festival draws upward of 60,000 guests to Lancaster City Park to celebrate springtime. The California Poppy Reserve, 20 mi west of Lancaster, boasts one of California's most abundant crops of the state flower, and the Poppy Festival has become a popular event not only for Lancaster residents, but also for visitors from around the world. The California Poppy Festival began as an Earth Day celebration and has grown into an event with over 55 acre of activities and extensive wildflower information.
"Celebrate Downtown Lancaster", a street fair and farmers' market, is held multiple times throughout the summer and features family-friendly activities, street musicians and a variety of specialty vendors.
In October 2009, the city launched the first annual Streets of Lancaster Grand Prix, a professional go-kart racing event, in downtown Lancaster. In October 2010, the event was held along the newly revitalized BLVD and expanded to 3 days of festivities, boasting an attendance of 35,000. The event is accompanied by a street festival, live music, and a car show.
In April of each year the "Antelope Valley Gem and Mineral Club" hosts its annual gem and mineral show. This show usually takes place the last weekend of April at the Lancaster High School grounds. This event usually draws many visitors and local residents as it is a unique opportunity to see rare rocks, gemstones, specimens and hand made goods such as cabochons, faceted stones and hand made jewelry.
The Miss Lancaster pageant takes place every year in June. The winner represents her community at the Miss Antelope Valley Pageant in September and serves as an ambassador for the Lancaster Chamber of Commerce. Notable recipients include Hannah Fernquist (2010), the first Miss Lancaster to be crowned Miss Antelope Valley since 1999 and the redhead featured on the Miss Antelope Valley banner.
BLVD Market is a farmers market held every Thursday year round on Lancaster BLVD between Fern and Ehrlich Avenues.
Other Cultural Assets
Today, the city has over 600 acre of developed or planned parkland, including playground and picnic areas as well as tournament-level sports facilities at Big 8 Softball Complex and the Lancaster National Soccer Center. The Prime Desert Woodland Preserve, located in West Lancaster, is a facility dedicated to preserving the pristine beauty of the High Desert and educating residents about their environment through nature walks and educational programs at its unique Interpretive Center. Forrest Hull Park, located near the southern border of the city on its west side and across the street from Paraclete High School, is a popular dog park where local residents frequently gather to allow their dogs to play and exercise together.
In 1996, the city built Lancaster Municipal Stadium (now The Hangar). It was home to the Lancaster JetHawks, a California League High-A minor league baseball team, from 1996 to 2020. As of 2023 it is home to the Lancaster Sound Breakers, a professional baseball team in the Pecos League.
Lancaster JetHawks
The Lancaster JetHawks were a minor league baseball team of the California League located in Lancaster, California. The team was named for the city's association with the aerospace industry and played its home games at The Hangar. The Lancaster JetHawks were last the Class A - Advanced affiliate of the Colorado Rockies since 2016. In 2012, the JetHawks won their first California League Championship in franchise history. In 2020, MLB revoked the JetHawks' affiliation in a contraction of all Minor League Baseball.
The Los Angeles Slam
The Los Angeles Slam is a team of the American Basketball Association, formed in 2008. The team relocated to Lancaster in 2011.
Lancaster Sound Breakers
On November 8, 2022, the Independent Pecos League announced the Lancaster Sound Breakers as an expansion team. The team played their first home game in May 2023 at The Hangar.
Master plan of trails and bikeways
The city's declared intent is to create a connected network of on-road and off-road trails and bikeway facilities to accommodate users of all ages and abilities including equestrians. This network is to provide linkages between residential areas, commercial centers, transportation hubs, employment centers, and recreational activities.
The Master Plan of Trails and Bikeways has been a collaborative effort with a variety of community interests, from transportation, public health, law enforcement, people with disabilities, schools, public and community-based bicycling, walking, equestrian groups and general public. The Master Plan directly responds to citizen input from the General Planning process. The plan will guide the design and development of pedestrian, bicycle and trail facilities to try to encourage people to use healthier transportation modes in Lancaster.
City government
Lancaster is a charter city which utilizes a City Council/City Manager system of government. This system of government provides accountability and responsiveness to the electorate, while maintaining the stability necessary for implementation of a long-term vision.
The Lancaster City Council consists of an elected Mayor and four elected Council Members. As the city's legislative and policy entity, the Mayor and Council Members are responsible to the residents of Lancaster for all municipal programs and services as well as for any legislative matters concerning the city. The Council approves and adopts ordinances, resolutions and contracts and enacts regulations and policies. It appoints the City Manager and City Attorney as well as members of commissions and citizen advisory committees that provide broad perspective in the decision-making process. Members of the council also serve as directors of the Lancaster Redevelopment Agency, the Financing Authority and the Housing Authority.
City Council meetings are held the second and fourth Tuesday of each month, with special or adjourned meetings scheduled as needed. City Council meetings are open to the public and include opportunities for residents to voice concerns and suggestions.
The office of City Manager is an appointed, long-term professional position. With oversight and direction from the City Council, the City Manager sets and implements policy. The City Manager leads the management team to achieve the goals and directives set forth in the city's General Plan and to develop and implement a long-term vision for city growth and achievement.
A Deputy City Manager and Assistant City Manager are appointed by the City Manager to help manage, coordinate, control and direct Administrative Services, and to ensure achievement of operating department goals and objectives.
As of 2021 the mayor was Lancaster native and local lawyer R. Rex Parris. He was first elected in April 2008 and was re-elected in 2010, 2012, 2016 and 2020. The City Manager is Jason Caudle, who has been with the City of Lancaster since 2008 and was appointed City Manager in December 2018. The current Vice Mayor is Marvin Crist, and other current Council Members are Raj Malhi, Ken Mann and Darrell Dorris.
State and federal government
In the California State Legislature, Lancaster is in, and in.
In the United States House of Representatives, Lancaster is in.
Public schools
There are three elementary school districts in Lancaster: Eastside Union School District, Westside Union School District, and Lancaster School District.
The city has taken an active role in education through its Lancaster CARES after-school program created in collaboration with the Lancaster School District. CARES provides learning and enrichment activities as well as mentors and positive adult role models to give children the encouragement and personal attention essential to building future leaders.
The Antelope Valley Union High School District covers all high schools in Lancaster.
SOAR (Students on the Academic Rise) is a specialized high school which is located on the Antelope Valley College campus, but is part of the Antelope Valley Union High School District. It is an Early College High School which integrates college courses into the high school curriculum. Successful students receive both a high school diploma and an Associate's college degree within five years. SOAR High School has an emphasis in mathematics, science, and engineering. In the 2011–2012 academic year, SOAR students received an API score of 945, which is ranked in the top 1% of all high schools in the nation.
In March 2015, two students from Lancaster's SOAR High School demonstrated a blood alcohol content detection wristband at the fifth annual White House Science Fair.
The Antelope Valley Union High School District currently houses 6 Career Academies, all of which include some STEM component: Green Enterprise at AV High School (Project Lead the Way pre-engineering and business); Law and Government at Highland High School (crime scene investigation); Digital Design and Engineering at Knight High School (PLTW pre-engineering, 3D simulations); Agriculture and Environmental Science at Littlerock High School; Health Careers Academy and Falcon Academy of Sustainable Technology (FAST) (PLTW pre-engineering, automotive, construction, 3D simulations) at Palmdale High. AVUHSD also has 3 middle school academies, which include Soar Prep, Knight Prep, and Palmdale Prep.
In addition, STEM career pathways and courses are in place at other high schools, including: PLTW pre-engineering at Lancaster and Quartz Hill High School; Health Science with dental concentration at Antelope Valley High School; Automotive technology at Highland, Littlerock, Quartz Hill, and Desert Winds; Agriculture science at AV High School and Palmdale High; Computer multimedia design at every AVUHSD comprehensive site.
Quartz Hill High School of the AVUHSD houses the district's International Baccalaureate (IB) program. The IB program combines advanced content knowledge with a focus on the development of critical thinking. Earning an IB diploma requires a multi-year commitment across disciplines.
The U.S. News & World Report education site shows the district falls below the California Academic Performance Index Evaluation. 70% of students receive a free lunch, with 8% participating in Advanced Placement courses or credits.
Private schools
There are also several private schools in the city including Bethel Christian School (K-8), Desert Christian Schools, Grace Lutheran Christian School, Sacred Heart School (TK - 8th grades), Paraclete High School, Lancaster Baptist School, Desert Montessori Academy, Antelope Valley Adventist School, Country Christian School, and Desert Vineyard Christian School.
Charter schools
Charter schools include Academy for the Advancement of Children with Autism, Antelope Valley Learning Academy, Assurance Learning Academy, Desert Sands Charter High School, Gorman Learning Charter Network, iLEAD Innovation Studios High School, iLEAD Lancaster Charter School, Learn4Life Concept Charter School, Life Source International Charter School, and Options For Youth Charter School.
Higher education
Lancaster is home to Antelope Valley College, the University of Antelope Valley, as well as a satellite campus of California State University, Bakersfield. In 2005, Charter College was opened. The city has spearheaded the development of the Lancaster University Center to provide local students with a chance to receive a first-rate education in engineering and technology. The $3.5 million reconstruction of Challenger Hall, located at the old Antelope Valley Fairgrounds, gave the new campus 13 classrooms, two of which are high tech distance learning rooms and 2 of which are lab classrooms, as well as office space. Through partnerships with local aerospace companies, and California State University, Bakersfield. Previously California State University, Fresno offered two Bachelor of Science degrees in electrical and mechanical engineering in association with the Lancaster University Center. However, CSUF began phasing out these programs in the Antelope Valley in 2010, ceasing course offerings at the end of the 2011 spring term. Beginning in fall 2011, California State University, Long Beach will now be offering Bachelor of Science degrees in electrical and mechanical engineering at the LUC, ensuring students in the Antelope Valley will receive a first-rate education without leaving the area.
Antelope Valley College
Antelope Valley College is the oldest institution of higher learning in the Antelope Valley. It was founded in 1929 on the campus of Antelope Valley High School. In the mid-1950s, it moved to its current location.
California State University, Bakersfield-Antelope Valley
California State University, Bakersfield-Antelope Valley (CSUB-AV) is located on the north side of the Antelope Valley College campus. Many bachelor's and master's degrees are offered on this campus.
West Coast Baptist College
Lancaster is also home to West Coast Baptist College, an accredited independent Baptist Bible College offering graduate and undergraduate degrees in pastoral studies, evangelism, missions, church ministries, music, Christian education, youth ministry, and secretarial studies. West Coast opened in 1995.
University of Antelope Valley
Formerly known as Antelope Valley Medical College, University of Antelope Valley is a private, for-profit institution approved by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WSCUC). In June 2009, the institution received approval from the United States Department of Education to offer Associates, Bachelors, and master's degrees.
Newspapers
* AV News
* Antelope Valley Press
* AV Political Observer
* Los Angeles Times
AM
* KAVL 610 Sports
* KTPI 1340 Adult Standards
* KOSS 1380 News/Talk
* KUTY 1470 Mexican Oldies
FM
* KCRY 88.1 FM NPR (KCRW Santa Monica)
* KTLW 88.9 FM Religious/Christian
* KLXP 89.7 FM Religious/Christian (simulcast of Hollister KHRI 90.7)
* K211EY 90.1 FM Religious/Christian (simulcast of Victorville KHMS 88.5)
* K216FA 91.1 FM Religious/Christian (simulcast of Twin Falls KAWZ 89.9)
* KWTD 91.9 FM Religious/Christian (simulcast of Bishop KWTW 88.5)
* KQAV 93.5 FM Old School
* KTPI-FM 97.7 FM Country
* KKZQ 100.1 FM The Quake (Rock)
* KRAJ 100.9 FM The Heat Hip Hop
* KSRY 103.1 FM Modern Rock (simulcast of Los Angeles KYSR 98.7)
* KGBB 103.9 FM Adult Hits
* KEPD 104.9 FM Country
* KVVS 105.5 Kiis FM (simulcast of Los Angeles KIIS 102.7)
* KGMX 106.3 FM Adult Contemporary
* KMVE 106.9 FM Light Rock
* ((KLOS)) 95.5 FM Classic Rock
Television stations
Directory of locally based TV stations, otherwise they get all Los Angeles area on cable TV and sometimes, through the airwaves.
* KPAL 38 Home Shopping/ Christian programming.
* KILM 64 Independent, based in Victorville, 40 mi away.
* KAVTV Time Warner Cable News on Channel 3
* KCAL CBS News on Channel 9
Airport
General William J. Fox Airfield (also known as Fox Field) is the local airport serving Lancaster. Fox Field previously had scheduled passenger air service primarily to Los Angeles (LAX) but no longer has airline flights.
Rail
Lancaster station is the northern terminus of the Antelope Valley Line on the Metrolink commuter rail network. The line runs south from Lancaster through multiple cities in Los Angeles County, such as Palmdale, Santa Clarita, Burbank, and Glendale down to Los Angeles Union Station, which is located in Downtown Los Angeles and connects to multiple local Los Angeles Metro Rail lines.
Health care
The Los Angeles County Department of Health Services operates the Antelope Valley Health Center in Lancaster.
Law enforcement
Law enforcement in Lancaster is provided by contract with the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department (LASD). The LASD operates the Lancaster Station in Lancaster.
The city also makes use of technology in law enforcement, allowing citizens to file police reports with the Sheriff's Department through the city's website. These and other programs are reducing response times to law enforcement incidents. In August 2012, the city also launched the use of a Cessna 172 aircraft equipped with a remote control camera for use in patrolling the city. Initially, aircraft surveillance was carried out in a single ten-hour shift daily, but its use has been expanded to nighttime hours, as well.
Notable people
* Raymond Allen, television actor
* Kevin Appier, former MLB player
* Chris Avalos, professional boxer
* Pancho Barnes, aviator
* Priscilla Barnes, actress
* Lon Boyett, NFL player
* Steve Buechele, baseball player
* Aaron Carter, singer and actor
* Dewayne Dedmon, NBA player
* John "Drumbo" French, musician, author
* Judy Garland, singer, actress
* Donald Glover, actor, writer, comedian and musician; born on nearby Edwards AFB
* Noah Gray-Cabey, actor
* Buddy Hackett, actor, comedian
* Sandy Hackett, actor and son of Buddy Hackett
* Edmond Hamilton, science fiction writer
* Bob Hannah, professional motorcycle racer and seven-time Motocross National Champion
* Jon Howard, musician
* Miguel Ibarra, professional soccer player
* Al Krueger, professional football player, attended high school in Lancaster and died in Lancaster
* John McKibbin, politician and businessman
* Dwayne Murphy, Major League Baseball player and coach
* Vinc Pichel, professional UFC mixed martial artist
* James Richards, professional football player
* George Runner, politician who currently represents 1/4 of California on the California State Board of Equalization
* Sharon Runner, California state senator
* Dick Rutan, retired airforce pilot
* Burt Rutan, aerospace engineer
* James Sakoda, psychologist and pioneer in computational modeling
* Chaz Schilens, former NFL player
* Wesley Swift, most prominent of the early popularizers of the Christian Identity movement
* Bruce Van Dyke, former football guard
* Don Van Vliet, musician (as Captain Beefheart), painter
* Frank Zappa, musician, composer, satirist
* Patrick Watson, musician
* Adam Wheeler, Olympic Greco-Roman wrestler
* Joshua Kelley, NFL player
In popular culture
The Two Pines Church in Lancaster is a chapel used by Quentin Tarantino in many scenes of his film, Kill Bill.
Lancaster was also used to film spots in Rob Zombie's film, The Devil's Rejects.
Sister cities
Lancaster is a sister city with Namie, Fukushima, Japan. | WIKI |
User:Yogabear2020/sandbox3
{GOCE|user=Yogabear2020|date=March 23–29, 2024 } add two more "} }" to put within shell
Note for talk page
On the usage of "SPARS" vs. "SPARs"
As part of my recent GOCE edit, I tried to unify the usage/formatting of the term "SPARS" (and variants). Looking through the sources revealed a variety of usage, even within articles produced by one organization (such as the USCG online newsletter "My CG", searching for articles tagged "SPARs" or "Spar"). So I made some choices, based on USCG usage, and came up with my own 'standard'. In my edits, I have:
* used "SPARS" to mean 'the (USCG) Women's Reserve', hence singular and usually preceded by "the", as in "the SPARS was authorized"
* used "SPAR" as a noun modifier, as in "SPAR recruitment poster" meaning "Women's Reserve recruitment poster" (two noun modifiers in this case, one noun as subject), or in "SPAR personnel"
* used "SPARs" to refer to the 'female reservists', hence plural, as in "200 SPARs were sent to Alaska". (as can be found in more recent (after 1946) "My CG" articles, see link above)
* based on above (and USCG sources), used "SPAR" also to mean an individual reservist, as in "the first SPAR to be recruited was"
* also used "Spar"/"Spars" in some cases to mean 'individual reservists' when found in direct quotes, as from Three Years Behind the Mast (1946), per MOS principal of minimal change. (MOS:PMC) NOTE: Behind the Mast, and other sources, do use "Spars" to refer to the Women's Reserve as a whole; but the USCG usage of "SPARs" is more recent, more authoritative (if not always consistent)—and using all-caps for "the SPARS" was already the choice of article as I found it.
I know this may be splitting hairs: but it does help making other small edits (such as checking verb tense, or deciding whether "the" is needed before "SPARS"). This is me being pedantically transparent.
Notes on recent GOCE edit
I just finished doing a GOCE edit, per a request by ATPendright on the GOCE Request page. As part of this, I attempted to:
* vary the use of repeated terms, such as USCG/SPARS, or even U.S. Navy. (partly in response to editing comment by ATCuprum17 )
* make the usage of "SPARS" more consistent. (see separate thread above)
* use "em-dash" whenever possible. (this style-choice was evident before I arrived)
* trim the lede, esp. to eliminate repetition of items discussed later.
* improve accuracy of description of LORAN (with the help of User:Cuprum17, thanks!). LORAN is not the focus of the article, but I hope we got it right.
* re-order some sections of text, to bring together pieces of the same topic/argument (and tried! to bring the refs along).
* update a few section headings, to be more like nouns & more specific to topic.
* attribute unattributed passages, or better incorporate; and made effort to verify direct or block quotes (some quotes marked "direct" included paraphrase, for example). I did my best to correct–incorporate quoted text. Some sections seemed to cut/paste from WP sources (such WAVES or Dorothy C. Stratton) or other sources (such as those from Three Years Behind the Mast), without clear attribution.
That's most of it. Thanks for your patience as this novice tried to finish the task.
On the subject of GAN
AT Pendright mentioned in GOCE Request for Copyedit (WP:GOCE/REQ) that this article might be put up for an A-class review (ACN); so I've noted a few sections that could perhaps use some attention (if someone wanted to), especially to add to the "story":
* In the section African American women : I added "Yeoman" to Olivia Hooker (found easily on her page). Could rank be added to the other Black service-women? (Even the previous section on Native American women gives the rank of each.) I could not find this information (quickly) myself. (NOTE: some NPS articles refer to a "lack of records" on this issue of SPAR 'minority recruitment'—both for Black women, but also Hispanic, etc.
* Perhaps a few other details could be added for notable women in Minority recruitment? There is much notable about Olivia Hooker; and the NPS project on SPARS ( at the NPS article on SPARS, see end-links to other articles in the series), which has separate articles for each of the Native American recruits. (Yes, too many details would probably be more appropriate for individual articles; but a few might help in the section.)
* Consider adding another section ("Other"?) in Minority recruitment with some mention other diverse groups, such as Latina? I don't see that there was an "official" policy on this, but it is of interest, just to list "firsts" or other notable women. Again, "My CG" (articles related to SPARs) and NPS (linked above) both have specific articles on "minority" women. [I might try adding something about this myself, but not today.]
* In the section Women of the SPARS, could some examples be given, of actual awards? (One might search the USCG the USCG 1946 report (linked above), as it includes many lists, including in the captions of photos. Again, the USCG online newsletter "My CG" (linked above) is another good source, searching for articles tagged "SPARS" and/or "SPAR".
* As for adding to the "story", the LORAN article at "My CG" pulls out some VERY interesting stories about the "top-secret" aspect. (They all seem to come from Behind the Mast, but the "My CG" version is easier to read.)
That's my two-cents.
An alert to those who are following SPARS (perhaps Cuprum17, Pendright, and Jonesey95): I am currently attempting to do a GOCE copyedit for the March drive. As a novice, I may go a bit slowly; but I will try to finish by the end of the week. I did place a {GOCE in use} tag on the article. I'll be sure to post a note, and remove the tag, when I'm finished
I have noted a few issues that I will try to address; but someone more knowledgeable than me will certainly want to double-check.
* A very minor issue, but dashes were not uniform: I have tried to introduce em-dashes as much as possible, following the style mostly already in use; and to check for en-dashes (like in date ranges or in double-categories like "Yuchi–Choctaw")
* Cuprum17 noted in an edit comment that there is an over-use of USCG—but this applies to many of the acronyms and other uses, that could have more variety (like U.S. Congress vs just Congress). It might be good to include, as Cuprum17 does in one edit, more use of "Coast Guard" for USCG, as well as words like "reservists" or "the Reserve", to break up the repetition of SPARS.
* I have tried to pay attention to the use/formatting of SPARS. After comparing some of the sources, I've found a variety of formatting. The original 1946 report from the USCG uses "the SPARS" sparingly, mostly for the organization (e.g. to mean "the Women's Reserve") and in the ALL CAPS HEADINGS; but the USCG report frequently uses "Spar"/"Spars", for both the individual "reservist/s", and (seemingly) for the Reserve itself (all the women) (as "a policy regarding Spars" no "the"). The behind the scenes Three Years Behind the Mast uses "Spar"/"Spars" almost exclusively. (And, hence, the block quotes do the same, as in the quote from Commodore Hirshfield featured at the end of the article.) The "oral history" by Stratton (written much later than both) shows the use of "SPARs' " (as in "the SPARs' uniform "), and "SPAR" (in ref. to the coining the acronym); the title of the piece is "SPARs" (lowercase final 's') to mean "all the women in the Reserve" or "the Women's Reserve". In the articles by the National Park Service, the choice seems to vary, based on the source for (or writer of?) each specific article. They sometimes use "SPAR" as a modifier (like "SPAR personnel" or "SPAR recruiting poster") or for an individual reservist ("she enlisted as a SPAR"). In other cases, the NPS uses "Spar" (especially if a main source is Behind the Mast. So . . . I made some decisions in my editing, based on this, I edited with the use of:
* – "the SPARS" to mean "the Women's Reserve", a singular collective noun, almost always preceded by "the" (as it just seemed right, given SPAR, WAVES, WAC, etc.)
* – "Spar" only in direct quotations, to meet the "principal of minimal change" MOS:PMC
* – "SPAR" as noun modifier ("a SPAR policy", "SPAR recruiting poster")
* – "SPAR" or "SPARs" to refer to individual reservists ("to recruit more SPARs", "the first SPAR to enlist"), because this seemed to be in line with the style conventions already set by the article as I encountered it; although most sources use "Spar" or "Spars" to refer to "reservist/s". This is suggested by the Stratton's use (or the editor); and some of the use at NPS. (And is does seem to fit with the similar use of "WACs".)
I know this is splitting hairs; but I needed a specific rule of thumb, to copyedit the other issues (like singular noun/verb, which is not readily apparent with SPARS = sing. noun).
* I have attributed many unattributed quotes, and attempted to verify direct or block quotes (as some quote marked as "direct" included paraphrase). I did my best to correct or incorporate the quoted text. There were many sections that seemed to cut/paste from other sources (like the WP articles on WAVES or Dorothy C. Stratton) or the various USCG/NPS sources (especially the oral history on SPARS by Stratton, and the Behind the Mast history), without attribution.
Thanks for your patience as a novice made his way through this enjoyable piece of history. Feel free to respond, but I'll let you know when I've called it a day.
LEDE
SPARS was the authorized nickname for the United States Coast Guard (USCG) Women's Reserve. The nickname was an acronym fashioned from the USCG's motto, "Semper Paratus—Always Ready" (SPAR). (The female reservists themselves were sometimes referred to as "Spars" or, below, as SPARs.) The Women's Reserve was established by the U.S. Congress in late 1942 and signed into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on November 23.
LORAN
This newly developed and top-secret radio navigation system allowed stations in the continental U.S. to assist in position location, and navigation, for ships at sea and long-range aircraft.
NEW SHORT
This newly developed and top-secret radio navigation system allowed LORAN stations to assist ships and aircraft in finding their navigation location.
NEW LONG
This newly developed and top-secret radio navigation system allowed on-shore LORAN-equipped stations to assist ships and aircraft in finding their navigation location.
p117 (all-female manned stations) Loran Monitor Stations within the continental U.S. (manned by Spars) "transmitting station"
radio signals, transmitted from two shore-based stations, are picked up by a receiver-indicator installed in ships and planes, enabling them to calculate their exact position.
first Spar monitor station in Chatham
Women of the SPARS
Source for Three Years Behind the Mast (clickable) (Available online at: )
Entered text below, but need to verify revised refs
As the authors of Three Years Behind the Mast describe, the average "Spar" officer would have been 29 years old, single, and a college graduate. She had worked seven years in a professional or managerial position (typically in education or government) before entering the service. The average enlisted member was in generally younger (24 years old), single, a high school graduate, and had worked for more than three years in a clerical or sales position before recruitment. In most cases, enlisted "Spars" likely came from the Northeastern states of Massachusetts, New York, or Pennsylvania; from the Midwestern Illinois and Ohio; or from the west-coast state of California.
In their off-duty hours, SPARs contributed time and effort to many community and wartime causes. Some became active nurse's aides or rolled bandages for the Red Cross; others donated blood to blood banks; some visited service men in convalescent hospitals; and others collected gifts for the men overseas. Many of them were also involved in the March of Dimes campaigns, and war chest or war bond drives. Based on their service, both officers and enlisted were awarded service ribbons and medals; and some were acknowledged for their outstanding contributions to the Women's Reserve and the country.
THIS IS TOO GENERAL TO BE VERIFIED: needs to be a quote to show opinion In general, SPARs looked upon their service favorably, and many of them found a form of kinship in having been a part of the nation's military forces during wartime.
NEED TO ADD THIS and re-check page citations above, below
In reporting on their own personal experience as SPARs, the authors of Three Years Behind the Mast evaluate the overall positive experience had by many who served in the Women's Reserve, describing a sense of kinship that developed between them. Written at the end of the war (just after the demobilization of the Reserve), their "history of the Spars" relates the value of their service in this way: "We were taking away many intangible things that should be of value to us for the rest of our lives—increased tolerance, a new sense of self-confidence, a better idea of how to live and work with all kinds of people, [and} a keener recognition of our responsibility as world citizens."
pg Behind the Mast, theon their service—and the sense of kinship they found with other service-women—
TO FIX (completed)
The standard Mainbocher-designed uniform was made of navy-blue wool and consisted of a single-breasted jacket, worn with a six-gored skirt, along with a white shirt and dark blue tie. Matching accessories included: black oxfords or plain black pumps; a brimmed hat; black gloves; a black leather purse; and both rain and winter coats. The summer uniform was similar to the standard, but made of white Palm Beach cloth, tropical worsted, or other light-weight fabrics; the shoes were white leather oxfords or pumps. Work wear for summer consisted of a grey-and-white striped seersucker dress and jacket.
Following the surrender of Japan in August 1945, the USCG demobilization effort began. SPAR personnel were gradually discharged; and, as with other U.S. service members, they were separated from the service on a point system or on the basis of their jobs. To aid in the process, many SPARs were reassigned to Coast Guard personnel separation centers, where they assisted in the demobilization of both male and female reservists. These reassigned reservists were later separated when demobilization was considered complete. By the middle of 1946, nearly all USCG female reservists had been discharged; and, with the end of World War II, the Coast Guard once again became part of the U.S. Department of the Treasury.
The Women's Reserve (SPARS) was inactivated on July 25, 1947, but later reactivated as the USCG Women's Volunteer Reserve on November 1, 1949, the eve of the Korean War. During the Korean conflict (1950-1953), the Coast Guard actively recruited former SPARs—both officers and enlisted personnel—for the volunteer reserve. Enlistment was for a three-year period. Approximately 200 former SPARs entered the Women's Volunteer Reserve and served during the Korean War. By 1968, about 158 women remained as active volunteer reservists. In 1973, Congress enacted legislation ending the Women's Volunteer Reserve, allowing women to be officially integrated into active-duty or the reserve. Following the policy change, those enlisted female reservists then serving on active duty were given the choice of enlisting in the regular USCG or completing their reserve enlistments.
Assignments (quote)
Most of the officers served in administrative and supervisory roles in various divisions of the USCG. Others served as communication officers, supply officers, and barracks and recruiting officers. The bulk of the enlisted women had clerical and stenographic civilian backgrounds—and the Coast Guard put them to work using these much-needed skills. As the authors of Three Years Behind the Mast explain, exciting jobs for most could be 'few and far between'. Yet they add that not all SPARs assigned to paperwork found it "boring". Even though some jobs were "humble, humdrum duties", as the authors put it, the women nevertheless could see how their contributions "fit into the overall picture". Though the majority of enlisted women worked in clerical positions—with many of them earning petty officer ratings as yeoman and storekeepers—enlisted personnel were found in nearly every job classification. As the Behind the Mast authors describe, they did everything from "baking pies to rigging parachutes and driving jeeps". MOS:INOROUT
A select group of officers and enlisted SPARs were chosen to work with LORAN (short for 'Long-Range Aid to Navigation'). This newly developed and top-secret radio navigation system allowed stations in the continental U.S. to monitor ships at sea and calculate the positions of long-range aircraft. In order to qualify for work at LORAN stations, reservists had to complete two months of instruction at M.I.T., focused on the operation and maintenance of the new system. The first monitoring station staffed by the SPARS was at Chatham, Massachusetts. The SPAR unit at Chatham was believed to have been (at the time) the only all-female staffed monitoring station of its kind in the world.
Female reservists were initially prohibited, by law, from serving in USCG districts outside the continental United States. But in late 1944, as the war was nearing an end, Congress lifted the prohibition; and this allowed SPARs to serve overseas. For those who had the right qualifications, were in good health, and had at least a year of service, the new authorization meant they could now request a transfer to Hawaii and Alaska (then U.S. territories). Before its inactivation in 1946, the Coast Guard sent about 200 women to serve in Hawaii, and another 200 to Alaska, where they performed roughly the same kind of work (and held the same ratings) as at the mainland stations.
Officer training DONE ready to go
The initial agreement between the Navy and the Coast Guard required that SPAR officer candidates receive their indoctrination at Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts—the official Naval Reserve (WR) Midshipmen's School. But in June 1943, the USCG withdrew from the agreement; and the indoctrination for their Women's Reserve candidates was transferred to the USCG Academy in New London, Connecticut. Approximately 203 SPARs were enrolled at the New London Midshipmen's School (for the Women's Reserve); and the U.S. Coast Guard became the only U.S. military service to train female officer candidates at its own academy. [is this correct? is "female" needed?]
The officer training period was initially six weeks, but later increased to eight weeks. The program was designed to provide candidates with an overall view of the Coast Guard, and to help them become good officers. Academically, the curriculum included subjects such as: administration, correspondence, communications, history, organization, ships, personnel, and public speaking. Military regimentation, another part of training, was designed to help candidates adjust to military life and their responsibilities as officers. Candidates included women who, in their civilian life, had previously been employed as teachers, journalists, lawyers, and technicians. Approximately one-third of all officers received specialized training, either as communication officers or as pay and supply officers. To minimize the need (and time required) for extra instruction, the USCG intentionally recruited candidates whose previous civilian work experience would eliminate the need for further training.
By the end of the program, a total of 955 women—ranging in age from 24 to 40—had been commissioned and trained. Of these, 299 came up from the enlisted ranks. In late 1944, after determining that the number of commissioned officers was sufficient, the Coast Guard discontinued the program. However, when the need arose to replace officers who had been sent overseas or separated from the service, the training program was later reopened. The final class of officer candidates was made up of former enlisted SPARs who had trained at Manhattan Beach, Brooklyn, New York. (dates for this class? could be added)
DONE and revised again a second time and third re-read
Enlisted training
The agreement between the Navy and the Coast Guard also required that the USCG's enlisted recruits would receive their basic training at U.S. Naval Training Schools located around the country. About 1,900 SPARs received their recruit training at Hunter College in the Bronx, New York. A small number of SPARs received yeoman training at Oklahoma A&M University in Stillwater, Oklahoma. An additional 150 received yeoman training at Iowa State Teachers College in Cedar Falls, Iowa. But by March 1943, the USCG had decided to establish its own training center, both for basic and for specialized recruit training programs. They leased the Palm Beach Biltmore Hotel in Palm Beach, Florida; and the site was commissioned as a training station on May 23, 1943. Beginning in late June, all enlisted personnel began receiving both basic and specialized training at the new site.
The training period for recruits at Palm Beach was six weeks. Boot camp was designed to bridge the gap from civilian to military life. The training covered instruction on subjects such as: USCG activities and organization; personnel; and current events. [social hygiene? just hygiene, physical?] The physical component included education in body mechanics, swimming, games, and drill exercises.
Another important aspect of recruit training was the testing, classification, and selection process. This was designed to make the most of each recruit's abilities, background, and interests. Testing results provided a basis for general assignments, and the opportunity for further specialized training. Approximately 70 percent of enlisted women (mostly yeoman and storekeepers) received some specialized training. Some recruits attended different Navy schools to be trained as: motion picture sound technicians; link trainer operators; parachute riggers; or air control operators. Others attended USCG schools to be trained as cooks and bakers, but also as radioman, pharmacist mates, radio technicians, and motor vehicle drivers.
From the first class (June 14, 1943) to the final class (December 16, 1944), more than 7,000 recruits were trained at the Palm Beach station. In January 1945, the training of enlisted personnel was transferred from Palm Beach to Manhattan Beach, Brooklyn, New York, the largest USCG training station for men.
READY TO GO
The Spars asked no favors and no privileges. They, like most Americans, knew there was a job to be done and they went to work. The amazement of some of their hardbitten superiors is legendary. With enthusiasm, with efficiency, and with a minimum of fanfare, these young women began to take over. [...] The Service was fortunate in having the help of the [more than] 10,000 Spars who volunteered for duty in the Coast Guard when their country needed them, and carried the job through to a successful finish.
FIXED THIS - READY TO PASTE
As with the Navy WAVES, the Coast Guard did not officially open its doors to African American women until October 1944. This policy reflected the attitudes of the Secretary of the U.S. Navy, Frank Knox, who had become the supervisor of the USCG when it was made part of the Navy in November 1941. Knox vehemently opposed to the acceptance of African American women into the naval services. When Knox died in April 1944, he was replaced by James Forrestal. The new secretary recommended that African American women be accepted, but only under some desegregated conditions. President Roosevelt, as commander-in-chief, decided to delay any decision on the matter until after the 1944 United States presidential election (which would take place on November 7). In the interim, Roosevelt himself was criticized for discriminating against African American women—a critique made by the Republican presidential candidate, Thomas E. Dewey, during a speech in Chicago. In response, the president then reversed his earlier decision. On October 19, 1944, he ordered the Navy—and thereby the Coast Guard—to accept African American women into their women's reserves.
In 1945, five African American woman were accepted as SPARs and completed boot camp at the Brooklyn training center. The first enlisted was Olivia Hooker—becoming the first Black woman to enter the U.S. Coast Guard Reserves—accompanied by four others (who all attended the same boot camp). These four were: D. Winifred Byrd, Julia Mosley, Yvonne Cumberbatch, and Aileen Cooke. All five women were qualified for active duty during the latter part of the war, before the Women's Reserve was inactivated in 1947. WEB CITE (from gov site)
General
READY TO ENTER INTO THE ARTICLE
Early on in the planning process, both the U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps, along with the USCG, agreed to recruit and train their respective women's reserves together at existing Navy facilities. For recruiting purposes, the SPARS would utilize the Office of Naval Officer Procurement. Their recruiting efforts began in December 1942, but were hampered at first by the lack of SPAR personnel. After the Navy agreed to allow transfer requests for its WAVES reservists, a total of 15 officers and 153 enlisted women discharged from the Navy reserves, becoming the first SPARS. Eventually, SPAR officers were assigned to most Naval Officer Procurement sites to facilitate USCG recruitment. Recruitment information about SPARS was sometimes disseminated along with WAVES publicity materials; but it became increasingly apparent that the job of selling the USCG Women's Reserves would include selling the U.S. Coast Guard itself.
By June 1943, it was clear that combined SPARS-WAVES recruitment did not favor the Coast Guard itself, so it withdrew from the joint agreement effective July 1. After this point, all USCG applicants would be interviewed and enlisted only at USCG district recruiting stations. The change was met with enthusiasm by SPAR recruiters and yielded positive results overall. But despite this change, competition with the other, better-known women's reserves remained keen. In Three Years Behind the Mast, written by former Women's Reserve officers Lyne and Arthur, the authors describe some of the difficulties faced by SPAR recruiters: "During the day, we made speeches, distributed posters, decorated windows, led parades, manned information booths, interviewed applicants, appeared on radio programs, and gave aptitude tests. By night, we made more speeches, prayed women would be drafted, and went to bed dreaming about our quotas." The primary recruitment phase ended on December 31, 1944. During the two-year effort, over 11,000 women signed enlistment contracts to join the Women's Reserve, though many more women were interviewed. Of those applicants who otherwise met the requirements, one-fourth were rejected for failure to pass the medical exam.
In her 1989 oral history article, "Launching the SPARS", Dorothy C. Stratton revisited the recruiting practices during her tenure as director:"At first we were going for perfection in our recruiting effort. As we were falling behind in our numbers, modifications to physical requirements were made. It was ridiculous to make the same physical demands of women when they weren't going to be manning ships at sea. If we hadn't been so inflexible in our standards at the beginning—if we'd set more reasonable ones—I'm sure we'd have been better off." Dorothy Tuttle had the distinction of being the first woman to enlist in the Coast Guard Women's Reserve, on December 7, 1942. As a newly enlisted SPAR, her rating classification was that of a Yeoman Third Class (YN3).
OK, CHECKED TO HERE
From Lede (entered into real article, with some small word changes, so not the same as below)
At peak strength, the Women's Reserve had approximately 11,000 officers and enlisted personnel.
Following the end of World War II in August 1945, the demobilization of SPARs personnel began. By 1946, nearly all reservists had been discharged; and in 1947, the Women's Reserve was officially inactivated. But on the eve of the Korean War in November 1949, the Women's Reserve was reactivated—this time as the USCG Women's Volunteer Reserve. Throughout the conflict in Korea (1950–1953), the USCG actively recruited former SPARs for the volunteer reserve, recruiting approximately 200 former reservists to return.
In 1973, Congress enacted legislation ending the Women's Volunteer Reserve, and allowing women to be officially integrated into either active-duty or reserve service.
blahblahblahblahblah "Semper Paratus—Always Ready"
blahblahblahblahblah "Semper ParatusAlways Ready"
blahblahblahblahblah "Semper Paratus—Always Ready"
The USCG has named two Coast Guard cutters in honor of the SPARS. USCGC Spar (WLB-403) was a 180-foot (55 m) sea going buoy tender that was commissioned on June 12, 1944. She had a complement of six officers and 74 enlisted in 1945; and later, in 1966, a complement of four officers, two warrant officers, and 47 enlisted. The cutter was decommissioned on February 28, 1997. The second vessel was USCGC Spar (WLB-206)—a 225-foot (69 m) seagoing buoy tender that was commissioned on August 3, 2001. As of the spring of 2022, she was still in active service, with a complement of eight officers and 40 enlisted.
Native American
As early as April 1943, an active effort was made by the SPARS to recruit Native American women. During World War II, no less than six women from Oklahoma's tribal nations enlisted as SPARs. This group included women from the Otoe-Missouria, Choctaw, Yuchi, and Cherokee tribal nations. Nicknamed the Sooner Squadron (since Oklahoma is known as "the Sooner State"), these six women included: Seaman Mildred Cleghorn Womack (Otoe), Yeoman Corrine Koshiway Goslin (Otoe), Yeoman Lula Mae O'Bannon (Choctaw), Yeoman Lula Belle Everidge (Choctaw), June Townsend (Yuchi–Choctaw), and Yeoman Nellie Locust (Cherokee). All six were enlisted personnel.
The new director's first official act was to ask Mildred H. McAfee, director of the WAVES, for a core number of WAVE officers to help make Stratton's new USCG program operational. McAfee obliged. The next question on Stratton's mind was what to call the new women's service. In her 1989 oral history article, "Launching the SPARS", Stratton described her inspiration in selecting a name: "There was no one else to think about this... so I tossed and turned for several nights contemplating this... Suddenly it came to me from the motto of the Coast Guard, 'Semper Paratus'–'Always Ready': SPAR. I proposed this to the Commandant of the USCG, Admiral Russell R. Waesche, and he accepted it." There had also been an informal proposal to call the new women's reserve "WARCOGS", but it was quickly jettisoned for the more nautical nickname of "SPARS". Stratton also noted that the four letters (SPAR) might also stand for the four freedoms—of speech, of the press, of assembly, and of religion.
That same month Dorothy C. Stratton was appointed director of the SPARS and given the rank of lieutenant commander; she was later promoted to captain.
=Notes for Owl's Eye Appearance=
Parts of the Cell
Nucleus (see image)
Histopathology from Vacuole
In histopathology, vacuolization is the formation of vacuoles or vacuole-like structures, within or adjacent to cells. It is an unspecific sign of disease. | WIKI |
كۆرۈنمەك
Verb
* 1) be seen, be visible, to appear, to emerge
* 2) be consulted, be examined, be checked, be visited | WIKI |
Category talk:Airports in the San Francisco Bay Area
Scope
I suggest we broaden the scope of this category to include airfields, private and public, and airstrips too, even if they are not general aviation airfields to include flying fields for remote controlled planes, or any airstrip with a runway longer than 300 feet or something like that to be more illusionist and state this on the category brief that this doesn't necessarily denote that the place is a "real" airport.MY♥IN chile 23:45, 12 August 2008 (UTC)
* I think that would be fine so long as the same criteria apply to the parent and grandparent categories. Otherwise I'd rather be consistent. Stepheng3 (talk) 23:53, 12 August 2008 (UTC)
* Consistency has been the whole point. First of all, Category:Airports in the San Francisco Bay Area is not the place to talk about it. I see that User:Myheartinchile likes to re-open the debate on new pages when he didn't get the answer he wanted elsewhere. I wish he would accept the advice that Breuner Airfield does not belong on a list of airports. (Many reasons listed before on other talk pages won't be repeated again here.) He found Category:Airfields and others which adequately and appropritately categorize the article. His campaign to get it reclassified as an airport is inappropriate and a waste of everyone's time. Everywhere on Wikipedia, an official airport has an ICAO, IATA and/or (for US airports) FAA code, and it's the minimum standard. Ikluft (talk) 01:17, 13 August 2008 (UTC)
* A second point about private airports. It isn't arbitrary to exclude them. On a list that includes the likes of SFO, SJC and OAK, you can stretch it too far down to topics where the available information is too sparse to be relevant in the same context, and where the land owners would prefer not to be bothered by people asking questions. There aren't even any articles about private airports in the Bay Area - and none of them would qualify as notable. There was a case brought to my attention via e-mail months ago where a WP editor became overzealous trying to collect info about an airport in Sonoma County. He visited the property and was asked to leave. He asked me what to do - I told him the people have a right to privacy and their wishes should be respected. Wikipedia is not a paparazzi. Trying to fill out a list of airports doesn't give us an excuse to pursue people who don't want to talk. That was the idea behind the omission of private airports. We as a community should discourage our members from that kind of activity and avoid creating situations that tempt them to step over that line. Ikluft (talk) 01:17, 13 August 2008 (UTC)
* Well now i see your point and it is one of genuine concern, but i'll have you know i am no stalker and even if i was stalker-gathered information is well original research anyways, the only place i would go to find information on private airports would be, i don't know, county or city records, a library, a website, that sort of thing. you never before stated that the meta category should be consistent and that this was an issue, i would have brought it up. and furthermore there is no standard for the airports category aside from the one you just made up for the bay area one (as far as i know, correct me if i am wrong). cheers.MY♥IN chile 17:06, 13 August 2008 (UTC)
* See the related note about forum shopping at User talk:Myheartinchile which refers to this talk page. Ikluft (talk) 01:41, 15 August 2008 (UTC) | WIKI |
How to Calculate Kcalories From Carbohydrates
Whole grains, fruits and vegetables are excellent sources of carbohydrates.
i Brand X Pictures/Brand X Pictures/Getty Images
Food scientists measure food energy in kilocalories or simply calories. Kilocalories are units of heat -- specifically, the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water 1 degree Celsius. Carbohydrates, fat and protein are the energy-yielding nutrients, meaning that the human body can use the energy they contain. Nutrient quantities are measured in gram weight. Carbohydrates and protein each contain 4 kilocalories per gram, whereas fat contains 9 kilocalories per gram of energy.
Simple Sugars
pocketsense article image
Polka Dot Images/Polka Dot/Getty Images
Six simple sugar molecules exist in human nutrition. The three single sugar molecules are the basis for carbohydrates -- glucose, fructose and galactose. During digestion, fructose and galactose are converted into glucose to be used for energy. Glucose is the most important sugar and is used for energy for most bodily functions. The other three sugar molecules are formed by two single sugar molecules. Lactose or milk sugar is made from glucose and galactose. Maltose is formed from two glucose molecules, and sucrose is made up of glucose and fructose.
Complex Carbohydrates
pocketsense article image
Hemera Technologies/Photos.com/Getty Images
Along with sugar, glucose occurs in long stands of glucose units known as complex carbohydrates. Starch and fiber are the forms found in plants. Starch is easily digested after cooking. Fiber is mostly indigestible to humans. Carbohydrates -- especially from fiber-rich foods such as whole grains, fruits and vegetables -- are the preferred sources of glucose in the diet.
Food Labels and Carbohydrates
Food labels report grams of total carbohydrates, dietary fiber and sugars along with the percent of the daily value based on a 2,000-kilocalorie diet. The daily recommended intake for carbohydrates for adults and children greater than 4 years of age is 300 grams based on a 2,000-kilocalorie intake. The daily recommended allowance for fiber in adults and children 4 years and older is 25 grams of total fiber per day based on a 2,000-kilocalorie diet.
Example
Using the food label and calculator, convert the amount of kilocalories of carbohydrate from grams of carbohydrate. Look at a food label and find the total number of carbohydrate grams. One gram of carbohydrate is equal to 4 kilocalories. So, multiply grams of total carbohydrate by four. For example, if a food label reports total carbohydrates as 40 grams, multiply 40 grams by 4 kilocalories to yield 160 kilocalories of total carbohydrates.
the nest
× | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Sarah Siddons as the Tragic Muse
Sarah Siddons as the Tragic Muse, or Mrs. Siddons as the Tragic Muse, is a 1783–1784 painting by English painter Sir Joshua Reynolds. The 1784 version is in the Huntington Library art museum, while a 1789 reproduction from Reynolds's studio is in the Dulwich Picture Gallery.
Composition
The painting depicts the actress Sarah Siddons as Melpomene, the muse of tragedy. Siddons wears a diadem and is dressed in an 18th-century costume adorned with pearls. She is seated on a large throne while behind her, figures personifying Pity and Terror stand in the shadows. | WIKI |
Talk:Wenn die Nacht am tiefsten...
Fundraiser
A fundraiser was found back then. That ensured the production and release of this album and the purchase of an estate. At least the inspiration to the lyrics of the title song by Rio Reiser — Preceding unsigned comment added by HighwayDealer (talk • contribs) 05:51, 24 January 2019 (UTC) | WIKI |
Maxim Katz
Maxim Yevgenyevich Katz (Макси́м Евге́ньевич Кац; born 23 December 1984) is a Russian political and public figure, co-founder of the Urban Projects Foundation, author of the YouTube channel of the same name, Russian champion in sports poker, and former deputy of the municipal assembly of the Moscow district Schukino (III convocation 2012–2016) from Party "Yabloko".
Early years
Katz was born in Moscow, Russia, to a Jewish father and an ethnic Russian mother. In 1993, at the age of eight he moved to Israel, to join his father who had moved there one year prior and worked as a programmer. He lived in Givatayim with his parents, and attended the David Ben-Gurion school nearby.
In a 2023 interview, Katz recalled having feelings of alienation in the first few years after moving to Israel. In the context of a massive wave of ex-Soviet immigration (around one immigrant for every five inhabitants) in the 1990s, the country had trouble integrating all these immigrants, and he was initially largely left to himself at school, at first not understanding a word of Hebrew, and the language barrier preventing any classmates from helping him out. Until his late 20s he had a huge fear of public speaking, which he said stemmed from school traumas.
After about two or three years, he was able to speak Hebrew "without an accent", but nevertheless felt as though he did not fit in: "I never liked living in Israel. Every year I went to Moscow to visit my grandparents when I was a child. And I always really liked Moscow,... And again, I kind of lived in the Russian media environment, we watched [Russian] TV, that is, I spoke Russian at home ... I never felt like an Israeli. And I always felt like I was visiting. I felt that there is my country, it is there, and I am in another, I am a guest here."
Katz eventually returned to Russia in 2001, at the age of 17. In Russia, he also stood out "'because I grew up in a school in a Western country with a completely different approach to everything in general and, first of all, to self-confidence. That is, in Israel, self-confidence is very much brought up in children and in people in general, but in Russia, on the contrary, you should be a spineless worm.'" He has credited this difference with opening many opportunities for him over the years, as in the 2000s there was high demand in Moscow for people with Western education of any kind.
After arriving in Russia, Katz played poker in Moscow casinos. In 2007, he became the champion of Russia in sports poker. He won the 2009 World Series of Poker (WSOP) in the No-Limit Hold’em category.
2010-18
In an interview, Katz said that he did not have experience of military service. In 2012, in an interview with the Komsomolskaya Pravda radio station, he said that he studied at three Russian universities, but did not graduate from them. Instead, Katz went to urban planners in Denmark and the United States to take private lessons at his own expense.
In 2014, Katz was accused of having Israeli citizenship, which would ban him from participating in elections in Russia. However, his electoral headquarters' head denied it. Later, Yevgeni Fyodorov, member of the State duma, complained of the same case to the Investigative Committee of Russia asking to institute criminal proceedings, but the case was not opened.
In 2016, Katz was among 13 Russians who received a Chevening Scholarship from the UK government. The scholarship allows students with leadership skills in various fields to study at a British university master's program. Katz enrolled in graduate studies at the University of Glasgow at the Department of Social and Political Sciences with a degree in Urban Management and Public Policy. According to Katz, he is fluent in Russian, Hebrew and English.
2019-present
In 2019 and 2021, Katz visited Israel and shot videos for his YouTube channel about his school and the country.
On 6 May 2020, he married Ekaterina Patulina (CEO of "Author's Media" LLC). On May 3, 2022, their daughter Valeria was born. On June 13, 2024, their second daughter Alexandra was born.
In early 2022, Katz declared his opposition to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, and left the country.
On 22 July 2022, he was designated as a "foreign agent" by the Russian Ministry of Justice. On 29 October, he was put on the federal wanted list. Earlier that month, he was also added to the Ukrainian Myrotvorets database. On 5 December 2022, he became the first Russian to be fined for failing to add the "foreign agent" label to his posts and videos. Due to the fact that, since the start of the invasion, Katz resided in Israel, the trial took place in absentia.
On 23 March 2023, he was arrested in absentia by the Basmanny District Court on charges of "discrediting" the Russian Armed Forces. He faced up to 10 years in prison on these charges. It was the first time the prosecution officially asked for the highest sentence available under the statue.
On 24 August 2023, he was given an 8-year sentence in absentia. According to the decision, he is also barred from "managing websites" for 4 years. (The prosecution asked for a 5-year long ban on this activity).
As of 2023, Katz was studying for a master's degree in education at the Tel Aviv University.
Political activity
During his travels to various cities of the world, Katz became interested in the problems of urban planning and in October 2011 he studied at the company of Jan Gehl, which is engaged in urban design.
Wanting to put into practice his views on the development of the city, Katz decided to engage in political activities and, as the start of his political career, took part in the election of deputies of the municipal assembly of WMO Schukino from the "Yabloko" party. Katz's election campaign won the attention of many media outlets and social networks. During the 4 March 2012 vote, Katz took fourth place, which ensured him the post of deputy in the municipal assembly.
Katz took part in protests against election fraud and was one of the speakers at the rally on 10 March 2012. In October 2012, he was elected to the Opposition Coordination Council. On 27 May 2013, he announced his withdrawal from the Coordination Council.
In October 2013, he announced his readiness to run for deputies of the Moscow City Duma in 2014. After a three-week collection of 5850 signatures, he was registered as a candidate in the 5th constituency (Schukino, Khoroshevo-Mnevniki districts, Filevsky park). The campaign was funded entirely by donations from private individuals, conducted with the participation of more than 300 agitators. However, he failed to win the elections of 14 September 2014. Katz calls the reason for the loss a low turnout and lack of support from the Yabloko party.
Campaign management
In 2012, he was the head of the election headquarters of Ilya Varlamov in the election of the mayor of Omsk.
In 2013 - Deputy Head of the electoral headquarters of Alexei Navalny in the mayoral election in Moscow. After the election, the head of the electoral headquarters, Leonid Volkov, praised Katz's work, calling him “the genius of the organization of processes.” Three years after the campaign, Volkov said that Katz had been dismissed from headquarters a week before the election due to threats to contact law enforcement in the event of unlawful actions by staff. According to Katz, there was no dismissal. According to Ilya Varlamov's statements, the dismissal attempt was due to Katz's personal conflict with Volkov, but Navalny did not support the attempt to dismiss.
In May 2016, Alexey Navalny, negatively assessing Katz and the experience of working with him, ruled out the possibility of any further interaction and cooperation. Soon after, Yekaterina Patulina, the former head of the Internet department of Navalny's headquarters, spoke about the conflict between Katz and Volkov, saying that the real cause of the conflict was sexual harassment of her by Volkov.
In 2015, Katz joined the federal council of the "Civil Initiative" party and headed the party's campaign headquarters for elections to the Kaluga Regional Duma.
In 2016, he headed the election headquarters of the State Duma deputy of the VI convocation Dmitry Gudkov, who in the 18 September elections to the State Duma was nominated for the Tushino constituency from the Yabloko party. During the election campaign, he created an online platform for conducting the election campaign, which won the "Pollie award" in the nomination “Digital / internet - foreign language”. The campaign was also awarded the "International - best in Show" award.
In March 2017, Katz, together with Dmitry Gudkov, launched the United Democrats project, designed to elect democratically minded Muscovites as municipal deputies in the September elections. The site, created by Katz and Gudkov, helped candidates register, collect signatures, join teams, print campaign materials, and collect money for election accounts. A total of 3,500 people applied for participation in this project as candidates for deputies, but only those candidates who expressed clear democratic and opposition positions and negative attitude to the incumbent president Vladimir Putin received assistance. A total of 999 people were nominated, as a result of which 267 became deputies.
Of the 266 deputies supported by the United Democrats project, 177 were nominated by the Yabloko party, making the party the second in the city in terms of the number of deputy mandates. Commenting on the election results for the party, leader Grigory Yavlinsky called Katz “an effective ally” and noted the youth's interest in the elections. Later, in January 2018, Dmitry Gudkov broke off cooperation with Katz due to disagreements regarding the Yabloko part.
In 2019, Katz participated in the leadership of election campaigns in the Moscow City Duma of Daria Besedina and Anastasia Bryukhanova, employees of City projects. Daria Besedina was registered, her team raised more than 18 million rubles through fundraising, Daria was supported by a "Smart Voting" of Alexei Navalny and was able to win the election, becoming a deputy of the Moscow City Duma.
Participation in the Yabloko Party
On 12 September 2016, Katz announced his intention to join the Yabloko party. In a video published on this topic, Katz said that his statement was accepted by Grigory Yavlinsky, and urged his supporters to join the Yabloko party and announced his intention to be elected in the future to the regional council of the branch and to the post of chairman of the Moscow branch of Yabloko. Later in September 2016, Katz was accepted into the party at a meeting of the Federal Bureau.
After the appeal of Katz, at least 328 people submitted applications for joining the party. These actions provoked a negative reaction from the current chairman of the Moscow branch of the party, Sergei Mitrokhin, who called what was happening "a raider seizure." As a result, more than 110 people were denied admission to the party because of “political independence”. Later, these people were accepted into the party by the federal bureau, and Sergei Mitrokhin was removed from the post of chairman of the Moscow branch.
On 1 December 2018, Katz was elected chairman of the local branch of the Yabloko party in the North-Western District of Moscow. In 2019, he headed the headquarters of Yabloko in the elections in St. Petersburg. As a result of the campaign, 99 representatives of the party became municipal deputies (previously the party had 0 municipal deputies in St. Petersburg).
On 11 February 2020, information appeared about the dissatisfaction of Katz's supporters with the procedures adopted by the Yabloko party for the election of the party's governing bodies, as well as about the possible soon expulsion of Katz from the Yabloko party. Further, this information was refuted by the head of the Moscow branch of the Yabloko Sergey Ivanenko.
On 21 February 2020, Katz was again expelled from the Yabloko party along with 15 of his supporters by decision of the Federal Bureau. After this, Katz announced plans to create an urban faction in Yabloko and the intention to lead the party in the future.
Awards
In March 2021, the center for Belarusian Solidarity awarded Katz the Global Belarusian Solidarity Award in the category "View from the outside". | WIKI |
Sydney Gedge
Sydney Gedge (16 October 1829 – 6 April 1923) was a British Conservative politician and prominent lay member of the Church of England.
Biography
Born in North Runcton, Norfolk on 16 October 1829, he was the eldest son of the Rev. Sydney Gedge, and was educated at King Edward's School, Birmingham and Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. He graduated in 1854, and received a first class Moral Sciences Tripos. He married Augusta Herring in 1857. He was a Cambridge Apostle.
He became a solicitor, and senior partner in Gedge, Fisher & Gedge. The company became solicitors to the London School Board in 1870, and Gedge was solicitor to the board for twenty years.
Gedge first stood for election to parliament in 1880, but failed to be elected at Cambridge. Five years later he was the Conservative candidate for Luton, but again was unsuccessful. In 1886 he was elected as one of two Conservative Members of Parliament (MPs) for Stockport, but was defeated at the subsequent 1892 general election. He returned to the House of Commons in 1895 as member for Walsall, defeating the sitting Liberal Arthur Hayter. In 1900 Hayter regained the Walsall seat, ending Gedge's parliamentary career. In November 1900 he was elected a member of the London School Board. He was defeated when he was a candidate for the London County Council in 1901.
Gedge was deeply involved in the Church of England, being a diocesan lay reader of London and Rochester and a member of the House of Laymen of the General Synod. He was a governor of Ridley Hall, Wycliffe Hall, Westfield College for Women, and Christ's Hospital, and Chairman of Henley's Telegraph Works Co. He was also an enthusiastic member of the Church Missionary Society. He was a member of the Carlton Club and the Junior Constitutional Club.
He died at his home in Mitcham, Surrey on 6 April 1923, aged 93. | WIKI |
Tancred Ibsen Jr.
Tancred Ibsen Jr. (6 July 1921 – 11 February 2015) was a Norwegian diplomat.
He was born in Kristiania as a son of Tancred Ibsen and Lillebil Ibsen. He was the great-grandson of both playwright Henrik Ibsen and Nobel Prize laureate Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson. He had two daughters, Nora Ibsen and Hedda Ibsen.
He finished Oslo Commerce School in 1939 before taking the cand.oecon. degree in 1943 and the cand.jur. degree in 1946. He started working for the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1947, and was promoted to assistant secretary in 1960. He held various positions between 1962 and 1968, before serving as the Norwegian ambassador to Hungary from 1968 to 1973, to Egypt from 1973 to 1979, to the People's Republic of China from 1979 to 1982, to India from 1982 to 1986 and to Greece from 1986 to 1989.
While serving in India he also covered Sri Lanka and the Maldives.
He was decorated as a Commander of the Order of St. Olav. After retiring he settled in Lillesand. | WIKI |
In the fourteenth century, the Renaissance was just beginning, and it was influencing a new generation of Renaissance artists, philosophers, inventors, and writers. One of the most famous artists and inventors of the Renaissance time period was Leonardo Da Vinci. When he was living in Vinci, his birthplace, he learned new techniques to use on his paintings and drawings. Leonardo was born in the Renaissance time, around 1452. From the day Leonardo was born, he was surrounded by Renaissance creations. The masterful Leonardo Da Vinci symbolized the Renaissance spirit greatly and was so influential because of the techniques he used on the paintings he created.
The Renaissance began in the fourteenth century and lasted all the way until the seventeenth …show more content…
Leonardo had an immediate impact on young Raphael who adopted the Mona Lisa format for many of his paintings. Raphael sketched his work in progress, and used the Mona Lisa format for one of his portraits. This portrait is called the Portrait of Maddalena Doni. Raphael executed this painting in 1506, “the period when Raphael studied the art of Leonardo Da Vinci most closely,” (Da Vinci). This painting is now located in Florence, Italy. The portrait is an oil painting. Leonardo Da Vinci not only had an immediate impact on artists, but he also had a long term impact on artists. A long term impact that Leonardo had is his use of sfumato in his works. By using this technique, it helped enhance the details that Leonardo put in his different paintings. Sfumato is still used today, and is used for the same reasons that Leonardo Da Vinci used the techniques for. For example, in the Mona Lisa, Leonardo used sfumato to blur the background of the …show more content…
Leonardo invented many different inventions such as the anemometer, the flying machine, and the self propelled cart. “One of Leonardo Da Vinci’s greatest inventions known to man is the parachute”. The parachute was imagined and sketched by Leonardo da Vinci in the fifteenth century. Leonardo was never able to create the parachute because they did not have high quality technology at the time (“Leonardo Da Vinci”). There was not really any technology at this time. Since there was no technology for Leonardo Da Vinci to use to create the parachute, nobody was able to invent the parachute until 1783 when there was technology able to create the parachute. No one ever tried to build or use Leonardo’s version of the parachute until Adrian Nicholas did in 2000. “On Monday, June 26th of that year, a British man, Adrian Nicholas, dropped from a hot air balloon 3,000 meters above the ground” (“Leonardo Da Vinci”). Adrian Nicholas used Leonardo Da Vinci’s version of the parachute, and it actually worked. Everyone thought that Leonardo’s version would never work, but on that day Nicholas proved that it does work. “Nicholas said that the ride down was even smoother and better than when he used modern parachutes to float down” (“Leonardo Da Vinci”). Leonardo Da Vinci was not just a practical inventor, but he was an intellectual man that could solve problems about the world even before anyone else
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Leonardo was popular in the Renaissance and today. He was very significant to the art world. When he was alive, he showed individualism through his art, but he also had a variety of skills. In the Leonardo Da Vinci DBQ, it says, “Besides painting masterpieces, Leonardo made scientific studies, dissections, observations, and research on engineering and anatomy.” I believe that having knowledge in these
Leonardo was a highly intelligent man if you investigate him, he did so many important things for the world and some wonder what inspired a man like this to be so great. Here are just a few things that inspired him: Art, Science, Nature, Literature, Music, Architecture and even God. There are few documented records of his formal education, it is believed that he received some education in basic reading, writing, and arithmetic, as was common for the sons of wealthy families during the time. Da Vinci learned the technical skills of painting and drawing and the broader principles of art and design. During
Leonardo Da Vinci didn’t benefit everyone. He only benefitted 4 humans. Those four humans are Faust Vrančić, The Wright Brothers, and Igor Sikorsky. Since he only made diagrams, those four people used the diagrams and finished what he was going to make. They benefitted from the diagrams because they became famous for improving and completing Leonardo Da Vinci’s inventions.
His scientific discoveries are still used today for research and to gather an understanding of science. Also, da Vinci was the first to conceive and sketch his ideas for the tank, helicopter, submarine, and crossbow. Many of his inventions are now used. Leonardo da Vinci was a noteworthy Renaissance artist.
(Leonardo da Vinci, Mona Lisa) What most people do not know about Leonardo was that paintings and art was not his main focus he was actually an anatomist and also an engineer which art helped him pursue. He used his art to draw out all the parts of machines and of the human body to understand more of how they worked and fit together. He would draw small gears and parts in a bigger scale to show detail which also helped to understand more which was
“Simplicity is the Ultimate Sophistication” Leonardo Da Vinci was known for this quote and countless other things. Born on April 15th, 1452 in Vinci, Italy, his beliefs inspired and influenced the Catholic Church in many ways. Out of all of his paintings, he was most commonly known for the Mona Lisa and the Last supper. His paintings have affected countless artists. He is one of the most common artists of the Italian renaissance.
When Leonardo was in his teens, Verrocchio agreed to teach Leonardo bout painting. Leonardo wanted to be different than other artists and found beauty in nature that influenced him to start to draw and paint realistic. He also drew machines to fly in the air and drew sails on the sea. He also discovered many
His paintings were predominantly religious; he had a desire to paint things realistically. This became the standard for painters who followed in the 16th century (Museum of Science). While Leonardo strayed from traditional techniques he was still able to maintain the Renaissance values. Many of the painters during the Renaissance period used oil paints whereas Leonardo used tempura as he did not want to wait as long for the paint to dry. Leonardo was able to master
He started gaining an interest in painting at a young age, with the help of his father he became a well-known artist. The two well known and admired paintings Da Vinci created throughout the Renaissance were “The Last Supper” and “The Mona Lisa.” The paintings helped set the excellence for all future portraits. Leonardo Da Vinci was a highly admired painter that inspired many during the Renaissance, throughout his career and today, making him a dominate Italian Renaissance artist due to believing art was connected to science and
Fathom a world devoid of complex weapons, accurate timekeeping, planes, and automobiles. This was the world before Leonardo da Vinci. Articles from Encyclopedia Britannica, Ducksters, and The Museum of Science plainly show that Leonardo da Vinci was one of the most influential men of the Renaissance. Da Vinci was such an important figure of the Renaissance because he created brilliant inventions that were ahead of his time, made stunning scientific observations, and created the most famous pieces of artwork known to man. To begin, Leonardo da Vinci was a skillful innovator.
Most people know Leonardo Da Vinci as being painter but he was also a sculptor, architect, engineer, musician, inventor and scientist. Da Vinci was a hard worker and had a creative soul that reflected in all his work. From the Renaissance to present day Leonardo Da Vinci work is still admired and constantly influences people all around the world. Leonardo Da Vinci was one of the most gifted, well rounded artist of the Renaissance. This can been proven through research and collected data.
" You may not think of a parachute or other invention such as the bicycle, the helicopter and an airplane based on the flying abilities of a bat. Young Leonardo had received little education beyond basic reading, writing and mathematics instruction. After doing so, da Vinci looked for a job and sent the future Duke of Milan a letter that
However, Leonardo da Vinci was a master of this technique called chiaroscuro. He developed a new perspective understanding, starting from the fact that he could not catch the details of the "objects" he observed in the less illuminated places of the light. The transitions between the forms in the picture softened, the details became unclear, and he moved away from using sharp teeth lines and not only the depths covering far distances, this technique, called sfumato, led to the creation of the most subtle examples of the atmospheric perspective that struck the fifteenth-century form of painting: The Portessa of Cecilia Gallerani, the Madonna of the Rocks, Mona It is possible to see all the details of this technique in paintings like Lisa. With its composition with sensitive mathematical calculations, with its dark backgrounds and especially with the use of color tone, Leonardo da Vinci 's painting was the manifestos of the painting, while the artist depicted a unique attitude in the figure depictions Leonardo da
He was by far the greatest renaissance artist. He was very talented in painting, so talented that his paintings have been easily argued the best in the world. The leonardo DBQ states, “... In the present era it is arguably the most famous painting in the world.” He also had artistic talent when he was a kid, “... Leonardo was 15 years old, and his father knew his son had artistic talent.
There was a far greater degree of realism within painting , a new sensitivity towards portrayal of facial features and expressions and a much greater range in the depiction of human movement. Figures within the paintings also related to each other in a far more natural fashion. Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) Leonardo da Vinci was the oldest and most famous of the great Renaissance masters. He was the originator | FINEWEB-EDU |
Basil was already known in ancient Greece and Rome. It was known as ocimum (Latin) or basilikos (in Greek “a herb worth a king”). It is mentioned i.e. by Pliny the Elder, who distinguishes one type of this herb. He also notes that basil may have white, yellow or purple flowers.
Basil probably comes from India, from where merchants brought it to the Mediterranean area. As Pliny points out, basil among Greek authors initially had a bad opinion. Over time, however, the approach to this spice had changed. Pliny himself gives 32 different medical recipes, using basil, which i.e. acted against pain or scorpion’s venom.
Apicius in one of his recipes for pea soup suggests adding basil to taste, and Columella claims that this is his favorite spice for olives. Basil for the Romans also had symbolic significance – it was a sacred and magical plant dedicated to Venus, which should be broken after the appropriate ritual. Any damage to basil with an iron tool caused a reduction in the healing properties of basil.
Pliny also mentions that basil was valued as an aphrodisiac. Apparently, farmers, in order to breed donkeys or horses, added this plant to their diet. Over time, basil also became a symbol of lovers and was even valued in Gaul. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Page:The Climber (Benson).djvu/140
130 merely passing the time about this; it was the fulfilment of preconceived and thought-out ideas which he had broached to her before marriage. The upshot of them, as she went over it in her mind now, did not really give a fair idea of them, since, taken in bulk, they savoured of too rooted a passion for education. But the various items of this menu had been suggested singly; it was only when they were put together that they became excessive. But to her mind now they formed a sort of soliloquy, delivered in Edgar's smooth voice, to this effect:
"You will like to see Canada, my darling, will you not? So let us go there directly after our marriage. The yacht will meet us at Liverpool, and we will go by the Northern route, where we shall certainly see an iceberg or two. Then we will leave the yacht at Quebec, and travel by the Canadian-Pacific to San Francisco. I am told that American enterprise has already largely repaired the destruction caused by the earthquakes. It will interest me, no less than you, to see the speed with which the most terrific convulsion of Nature is overcome by the industry of man. Think of us! Little pigmies, little ants on a planet, yet whatever Nature destroys is repaired by us in a minute. It is as if you stir up an ants' nest with a stick. How quickly they rebuild!
"Egypt, Lucia! How I long to see the valley of the tombs of the kings with you! What lights you will strike for me! How, with our imaginations helping each other, we will conjure up out of the past the spectre of bygone civilization! I think of my life before I knew you as the vision of the dry bones in Ezekiel. There were facts then, there were cut and plucked ideas then—all dry bones, and I wandered among them. Then you came; bone went to his bone, and already there is standing an army. But I want twenty armies—fifty armies!
"My darling, you don't appreciate Japanese art. I have often noticed that. I shall drag you to Japan; perhaps there I may be of use to you. Give me that chance, Lucia.
"Then for what we neither of us know. Let us see the Southern Islands; see where Stevenson lived, and where he voyaged. Tusitala, the teller of tales. We should both like to see Apia, should we not, and Vailima, and pluck a little of the sensitive plant which he warred against? Oh yes, it will take time; but nothing that is worth doing is waste of time. Two years. Shall we give ourselves two years, more or less, to get what is to be got from other lands, from the contemplation of other peoples? | WIKI |
pause()
Suspend the calling thread until delivery of a signal
Synopsis:
#include <unistd.h>
int pause( void );
Library:
libc
Use the -l c option to qcc to link against this library. This library is usually included automatically.
Description:
The pause() function suspends the calling thread until delivery of a signal whose action is either to execute a signal handler or to terminate the process.
If the action is to terminate the process, pause() doesn't return. If the action is to execute a signal handler, pause() returns after the signal handler returns.
Returns:
On error, pause() returns -1 and sets errno to EINTR; otherwise, it never returns.
Examples:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int main( void )
{
/* set an alarm to go off in 5 seconds */
alarm( 5 );
/*
* Wait until we receive a SIGALRM signal. However,
* since we don't have a signal handler, any signal
* will kill us.
*/
printf( "Hang around, "
" waiting to die in 5 seconds\n" );
pause();
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
Classification:
POSIX 1003.1
Safety:
Cancellation point Yes
Interrupt handler No
Signal handler Yes
Thread Yes
See also:
alarm(), errno, sigaction() | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Markabta
Marakbta (مركبتا) is a village in the Dinniyeh District in the North Governorate of Lebanon.The population, according to regulations issued by the Ministry of Interior and Municipalities, is about 6 thousand people, including 2,500 people from the village and the rest from Minieh and Syrian refugees. There are also about 450 expatriates living in Sydney today.
Demographics
Markabta is a Lebanese town with an Orthodox Christian majority. Administratively, it is affiliated with the Dinniyeh-Miniya District. Religiously, it is affiliated with the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Tripoli and Koura. It is considered the backbone not only for the Orthodox, but for all Christians in the Dinniyeh-Miniya District, and it comes in first place for Christian communities in the city. Al-Dinniyeh District - Al-Minya, followed by Kfarhabo, Al-Minya, and Hakel Al-Azima.
Geography
It is at an altitude of between 200 and 250 meters above sea level and is about twenty kilometers away from the city of Tripoli, the capital of northern Lebanon, while its distance from Beirut is about 102 kilometers. The town is surrounded by a large number of orchards and fields and is located between many hills. Half of the lands surrounding the town are owned by the townspeople. The Minieh-Dennieh highway passes through the town, connecting approximately 50,000 people to approximately 80,000 from the two regions. Surrounding villages: Kefraya, Al-Minya, Terbol, Zouk, Hanin.
History
The town was besieged several times during the Lebanese War, but it did not fall into the hands of any of the conflicting parties. In 2014, the town was threatened by ISIS by writing threats to the people of the town on churches and on the Minieh-Dinniyeh highway.
Local council
The municipality has nine members and a mayor.
The position of mayor has existed in the town for more than 90 years. The Council was elected for the first time in 2010. The number of people entitled to vote was about 1,100 people in 2016. There is a middle school and a high school. The number of teachers reaches approximately 30 and the number of students reaches 530 students. The town has a dispensary and a club.
Notable people
* Saadeh Al Shami – Deputy Prime Minister of Lebanon | WIKI |
Review: Warming Up to the Frozen North in ‘Alaxsxa / Alaska’
The last frontier comes closer in “Alaxsxa / Alaska,” Ping Chong + Company’s stealthily cozy exploration of the 49th state. In front of a three-channel video assemblage, three performers re-create Alaska’s past and present in quick-fire scenes that somehow take on way too much and, yet, perhaps not enough. Mr. Chong, a theatermaker with a longstanding interest in otherness then and now, created the piece in collaboration with its three performers: Justin Perkins, a puppeteer; Ryan Conarro, a teaching artist in Alaska’s public schools; and Gary Upay’aq Beaver, a native Alaskan versed in Yup’ik drum and dance. All of the actors wear coveralls, but only Mr. Perkins and Mr. Conarro have coveralls emblazoned with Kass’aq Bros And Co. “Kass’aq” is Yup’ik for “white guy.” And as long as we’re talking translation, the first half of the title is the Unangan word for Alaska’s rocky coast, meaning, “land against which the action of the sea is directed.” I’d hazard that most people in La MaMa’s basement space, myself included, don’t know all that much about that coast, whatever we might call it. As a local interviewee says in a voice-over passage, most non-natives encapsulate Alaska as a place of “cold, dark and Sarah Palin.” Touché. The imagistic work that Mr. Chong and his collaborators have created offers a broader introduction to the place. But the tone is so varied, the style so rangy that some of its impact drips away. Though it’s less than 90 minutes long, “Alaxsxa / Alaska” teems with 30 or so scenes. Many of these are arch representations of Alaska’s history, particularly its 1867 purchase from the Russian Empire for $7.2 million. After describing the sale of this “polar bear garden,” Mr. Perkins beckons his collaborators and has them put on mustaches. Then the men all perform a high-stepping dance. These passages, staged with Mr. Chong’s typically wry wit, are jazzier and more satirical than a Wikipedia entry, but not a lot more profound. Yet there are other, more personal passages, like those detailing Mr. Conarro’s arrival in Alaska as a fresh-faced college graduate. And in the middle of the piece there is a wrenching monologue in which Mr. Beaver details a struggle with alcoholism. “People tell you what you did when you were blacked out,” he says. “You attempted suicide, a couple times. You didn’t even know.” I’m not sure whether this agonized speech describes Mr. Beaver’s own experiences or those of a family member, but the pain with which he delivers it is palpable, unmatched emotionally by anything else onstage. It makes the historical sequences seem coy, even smug. And why devote so much space to past threats — proposed atom bomb tests, hunting species to near extinction — and so little to how climate change threatens Native American communities right now? For a play about a chilly place, “Alaxsxa / Alaska” is most absorbing when it eases up and thaws out. There is elegant shadow puppetry here and eloquent video sequences. Fans of Mr. Chong’s stage wizardry will expect nothing less. Yet the play’s emotive core is found in its simplest scenes. Late in the show, Mr. Conarro recalls meeting Mr. Beaver in 2009 and wanting to reach out to him, but not wanting to seem like “the white guy who tries to be friends with the lead drummer.” Mr. Beaver felt similarly shy about being “Eskimo guy who tries to be friends with the visiting kass’aq.” They got over it. Onstage, their evident affection is the warmest thing going. This information was last updated on Aug. 27, 2018 | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Obama to meet McConnell, Grassley to discuss Supreme Court vacancy | TheHill
President Obama will convene a long-anticipated meeting at the White House next Tuesday with top Republican senators to discuss the Supreme Court vacancy left by the death of Justice Antonin Scalia. Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnellAddison (Mitch) Mitchell McConnellAre Democrats turning Trump-like? House Democrat calls for gun control: Cities can ban plastic straws but 'we can't ban assault weapons?' Churches are arming and training congregants in response to mass shootings: report MORE (R-Ky.) and Senate Judiciary Committee Chairman Charles GrassleyCharles (Chuck) Ernest GrassleyGOP senators call for Barr to release full results of Epstein investigation Trump health official: Controversial drug pricing move is 'top priority' Environmental advocates should take another look at biofuels MORE (R-Iowa) will both attend, White House press secretary Josh Earnest said Thursday. The spokesman said the meeting was arranged "after a number of conversations, some more awkward than others." "Ulimately, the president is going to fulfill his duty and it will be up to the Senate to decide if they're going to fulfill theirs," Earnest said of the leaders' handling of the nomination process. They will be joined by Harry ReidHarry Mason Reid2020 Democrats fight to claim Obama's mantle on health care Reid says he wishes Franken would run for Senate again Panel: How Biden's gaffes could cost him against Trump MORE (Nev.), the top Senate Democrat, and Judiciary Committee ranking member Patrick LeahyPatrick Joseph LeahyAppropriators warn White House against clawing back foreign aid House panel investigating decision to resume federal executions Graham moves controversial asylum bill through panel; Democrats charge he's broken the rules MORE (D-Vt.). The scheduling follows a day of public wrangling between the White House and Grassley, who initially did not respond to the president’s request to speak in person about his Supreme Court nominee. When Grassley was slow to respond to the invitation, the White House informed Grassley’s hometown newspaper, The Des Moines Register. Reid blasted the Iowa Republican, saying he would go down in history as the “most obstructionist” chairman if he denies a hearing to Obama’s pick. Grassley responded that he didn’t care if he goes down in history. Obama and his Democratic allies are trying to pressure Republican leaders to abandon their position to not conduct hearings or hold votes for the president’s nominee. Democrats say such a move would be unprecedented and hurt the credibility of the court. But Republicans say it should be up to the next president, not Obama, to select Scalia’s replacement. McConnell and Grassley indicated the meeting would do little to change their minds. "We look forward to reiterating to him directly that the American people will be heard and the next Supreme Court justice will be determined once the elections are complete and the next president has been sworn into office," the senators said of Obama in a joint statement. Obama also met with Sen. Orrin HatchOrrin Grant HatchTrump to award racing legend Roger Penske with Presidential Medal of Freedom Trump awards Presidential Medal of Freedom to economist, former Reagan adviser Arthur Laffer Second ex-Senate staffer charged in aiding doxxing of GOP senators MORE (R-Utah), a former chairman of the judiciary panel, on Wednesday to talk about the nomination process. The president or members of his staff have consulted with every member of the Judiciary Committee or their aides since Scalia’s passing on Feb. 13. The president has said he is looking to name a nominee who has impeccable credentials and brings a nonideological approach to the law. “A sterling record. A deep respect for the judiciary’s role. An understanding of the way the world really works,” Obama wrote Wednesday on the popular Supreme Court website SCOTUSblog.com. “That’s what I’m considering as I fulfill my constitutional duty to appoint a judge to our highest court.” -- This report was updated at 4:55 p.m. View the discussion thread. The Hill 1625 K Street, NW Suite 900 Washington DC 20006 | 202-628-8500 tel | 202-628-8503 fax The contents of this site are ©2019 Capitol Hill Publishing Corp., a subsidiary of News Communications, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 4.djvu/650
shall sell and dispose of the said lots, as soon as reasonably practicable, for the best price or prices they can obtain; and shall vest the proceeds of the same in some public stock, or in stock of some incorporated bank.
. And be it further enacted, That, when the lots aforesaid shall be selected and valued as aforesaid, the said commissioner shall make return of the numbers and description thereof to the clerk of the circuit court of the county of Washington; to be by him recorded among the records of land titles in the said county.
. And be it further enacted, That the proceeds of the sales aforesaid, so to be vested, shall not be otherwise used by the said trustees than as a capital, to be by them for ever hereafter kept vested as aforesaid; and the dividends or interest therefrom accruing, shall, by them, be used and applied in aid of the other revenues of the said college, to the establishment and endowment of such professorships therein as now are, or hereafter shall be, established by the said trustees; and to no other purpose whatever.
, July 14, 1832.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That when it shall be satisfactorily proved to the Secretary of the Treasury, that any rail iron imported for the purpose of being applied in the construction of any railroad or inclined plane by any state or incorporated company has been actually and permanently laid on any such railroad or inclined plane, that then, and in that case, he may allow a drawback of the duty on such rail iron so laid, or if the duty shall have been actually paid, he may refund the same; any thing in any act to the contrary notwithstanding: Provided, That no iron shall be considered as railroad iron but such as is prepared to be laid upon railroads, or inclined planes, without further manufacture.
. And be it further enacted, That whenever any railroad iron may have been, or shall hereafter be imported by any state or incorporated company for the purpose of being laid down on any railroad, and the bonds given for the duties on the same, shall become due before the said iron can be so laid down, the Secretary of the Treasury be, and he is hereby authorized to extend the time for the payment of so much of said bonds as shall be equal to the amount of the drawback to which said state or company may be entitled: Provided, The time shall not be extended beyond three years from the date of the importation: and where any such state or company may have already paid the whole amount of any such bond, the Secretary of the Treasury be authorized to cause the amount of the drawback on the same to be refunded, on taking bond with sufficient sureties that the same shall be repaid, should the iron for which said bond may be given, not be actually laid down within three years from the time of importation.
, July 14, 1832.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That it shall and may be lawful | WIKI |
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 123.djvu/798
123STA T .7 7 8PUBLIC LA W 111 – 8 —M A R .11, 2 0 0 9tobe t ransf erre di na p propriate part fro m t h e F edera lH ospital I ns u ran c e T rust Fund and the Federal S upplementar yM edical Insurance Trust Fund .OF F ICE OF TH E NA TIONA L COO RD INATOR FOR HEALTH INFOR M ATION TECHNOLO GY For e x penses necessary for the O ffice of the N ational C oordi - nator for Health Information Technolo g y , including grants, con- tracts, and cooperati v e agreements for the development and advancement of interoperable health information technology, $43, 5 5 2 , 0 00
* Provide
d, That in addition to amounts provided herein, $ 17, 6 7 9 ,000 shall be available from amounts available under section 241 of the P ublic Health Service A ct. OFFICE OF IN SP ECTOR GENERAL For expenses necessary for the Office of Inspector G eneral, including the hire of passenger motor vehicles for investigations, in carrying out the provisions of the Inspector General Act of 197 8, $45,279,000: Provided , That of such amount, necessary sums shall be available for providing protective services to the Secretary of Health and Human Services and investigating non-payment of child support cases for w hich non-payment is a Federal offense under 18 U .S.C. 228: Provided fu r th er, That at least forty percent of the funds provided in this Act for the Office of Inspector General shall be used only for investigations, audits, and evaluations per- taining to the discretionary programs funded in this Act. OFFICE FOR CI V IL RIGHTS For expenses necessary for the Office for Civil R ights, $36,785,000, together with not to exceed $3,314,000 to be trans- ferred and expended as authori z ed by section 201 ( g ) (1) of the Social Security Act from the Federal Hospital Insurance Trust Fund and the Federal Supplementary Medical Insurance Trust Fund. RETIREMENT PAY AND MEDICAL B ENEFITS FOR COMMISSIONED OFFICERS For retirement pay and medical benefits of Public Health Service Commissioned Officers as authorized by law, for payments under the Retired Serviceman ’ s Family Protection Plan and Sur- vivor B enefit Plan, and for medical care of dependents and retired personnel under the D ependents’ Medical Care Act, such amounts asmaybere q uired during the current fiscal year. P U BLIC HEALTH AND SOCIAL SERVICES EMERGENCY FUND ( INCLUDING TRANSFER OF FUNDS ) For expenses necessary to support activities related to coun- tering potential biological, nuclear, radiological and chemical threats to civilian populations, and for other public health emergencies, $537,704,000, of which not to exceed $22,052,000 shall be to pay the costs described in section 319F – 2(c)(7)(B) of the Public Health Service Act ( ‘ ‘PHS Act’’). | WIKI |
-- Orascom Telecom Calls Algeria Arbitration Last Resort
Orascom Telecom Holding SAE , the
Middle East’s biggest mobile-phone operator by users, said it
sees international arbitration to settle its disputes with
Algeria over its unit there as a last resort. “We need to exhaust all amicable possibilities,” Chairman
Naguib Sawiris told a news conference today in Dubai. “If we
get a negative reply or don’t get a reply, then we will decide
to go for arbitration,” he said. “Arbitration is the last
resort.” The Algerian government, which wants to buy the unit,
known as Djezzy, has ordered it to pay more than $800 million in
back taxes and banned it from transferring money abroad,
penalties that Orascom has contested. The dispute has brought
the Cairo-based company’s shares down 16 percent this year,
valuing it at 22.1 billion Egyptian pounds ($3.8 billion.) The Algerian government this year thwarted a plan by MTN
Ltd., Africa’s biggest mobile-phone operator, to buy several of
Orascom’s African assets because it objected to the inclusion of
Djezzy in the transaction. MTN had valued Djezzy at $7.8
billion, Sawiris said. Algeria will name consultants this month to assess Djezzy’s
value, Communications Minister Moussa Benhammadi said on Nov. 5.
Sawiris said today that the acceptable price for Djezzy should
be more than $7.8 billion. “You think that you are going to knock the price down and
then take it,” the Egyptian billionaire said at the press
conference. “It’s not going to happen.” ‘Biggest Issue’ “Algeria is the single biggest issue for Orascom now,”
Dalibor Vavruska , telecommunications analyst at ING Groep, said
by e-mail. “Its value could be anything between $1 billion to
$7 billion. Only the difference between the best case and the
worst case for Djezzy is bigger than Orascom’s current entire
market capitalization.” VimpelCom Ltd. , Russia’s second-biggest mobile network
operator, and Orascom parent company Weather Investments SpA
said Oct. 4 they had agreed to merge most of their assets in a
transaction valued at about $6.5 billion. Sawiris said that the talks with Algeria will not affect
the potential merger, which he gave a “50-50” chance of
success. Benhammadi said that before the government’s planned
acquisition of Djezzy, the company must meet conditions
including tax payments. Orascom said it has already paid
$596 million in back taxes, pending an appeal. Orascom is also being asked to pay compensation to Algerian
workers in its Lacom landline subsidiary, which has been
dissolved, as well as debts to local telecommunications
partners, the minister said. Orascom operates in countries including Egypt, Pakistan,
Canada, Bangladesh and North Korea. The company has bought the
documents required to bid for Serbia’s sale of Telekom Srbija
and is also looking to expand into Poland, Sawiris said. To contact the reporters on this story:
Alaa Shahine in Cairo at
asalha@bloomberg.net ;
Arif Sharif in Dubai at
asharif2@bloomberg.net . To contact the editors responsible for this story:
Vidya Root at
vroot@bloomberg.net ;
Edward Evans at eevans3@bloomberg.net . | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Identifier
etd-042908-144927
Abstract
With the introduction of air bags, occupant safety in frontal car crashes has been improved for upper regions of the body, such as the head and thorax. These improvements, however, have not helped improve the safety for the lower extremities, increasing their percentage of injuries in car crashes. Though lower extremity injuries are usually not life threatening, they can have long lasting physical and psychosocial consequences. An LSDYNA finite element model of the knee-thigh-hip (KTH) of a 50th percentile adult male was developed for exploring the mechanics of injuries to the KTH during frontal crash crashes. The model includes a detailed geometry of the bones, the mass of the soft tissue, and a discrete element representation of the ligaments and muscles of the KTH. The bones were validated using physical tests obtained from the National Highway Traffic and Safety Administration's (NHTSA) test database. The geometry, the material properties and the failure mechanisms of bone materials were verified. A validation was also performed against a whole-body cadaver test to verify contributions of passive muscle and ligament forces. Failure mechanisms in the tests and simulations were compared to ensure that the model provides a useful tool for exploring fractures and dislocations in the KTH resulting from frontal vehicle crashes. The validated model was then used to investigate injury mechanisms during a frontal car crash at different occupant positions. The role of muscle forces on these fracture mechanisms was explored and simulations of frontal impacts were then reproduced with the KTH complex at different angles of thigh flexion, adduction and abduction. Results show that the failure mechanism of the lower limb can significantly depend on the occupant position prior to impact. Failure mechanisms in the simulations were compared to results found in literature to ensure the model provides a useful tool for predicting fractures in the lower limb resulting from out-of-position frontal vehicle crashes. The FE model replicate injury criteria developed for ligament failure and suggested lowering the actual used axial femur force threshold for KTH injures both in neutral and out-of-position KTH axial impacts.
Publisher
Worcester Polytechnic Institute
Degree Name
PhD
Department
Civil & Environmental Engineering
Project Type
Dissertation
Date Accepted
2008-04-29
Accessibility
Unrestricted
Subjects
active muscles, out-of-position, fracture mechanisms, impacts, KTH, dynamic ligament failure model
Share
COinS
| ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Oregon Historical Quarterly vol. 9.djvu/188
170 John Minto. from our side of the line, and men who had lived long enough near the center of the Cascade forest reserve, are now perma- nent residents of the Yukon Valley. In the spring of 1907 the United States Forester sold stump- age off land in California near the Oregon line at $2.00 per M. The mills in Marion County had to get stump age much cheaper to compete in the San Francisco market with those on the McLeod River, 350 miles nearer. It is understood that this year the Forester is selling lodge-pole pine railroad ties. The reports, however, have not yet come to hand. The report of the cut in Wyoming for the year ending June 30, 1907, was 233,000,000 feet, board measure, valued at $644,202.26. Oregon's account of the same date is 28,643,589 feet, board measure, sold at $48,526.50; but the Forester's accounts are of range rentals as well as lumber sold, for the latest of which I am under obligation to Hon. F. W. Benson, Secretary of State for Oregon, as will be seen from the following letter : State of Oregon, Hon. John Minto, Salem, May 29, 1908. Salem, Oregon. Dear Sir :— Responding to your request of the 26th, to be advised of the amounts received from the National Govern- ment from five per centum of the sales of public lands and also ten per centum of the amounts received from sales of forest reserve timber, and rentals, etc., have to advise you as follows : On account of five per centum of the proceeds of the sales of public lands : 1899 $ 1,475.84 1900 4,404.06 1901, 11,763.45 1902 15,113.55 1903. . 23,365.90 1904 90,135.24 1905 64,562.24 1906 , 28,212.37 1907 22,489.56 1908 74,011.17 $335,533.38 | WIKI |
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/integritymusic.com
Reporting statistics of link integritymusic.com; 20 records.
* integritymusic.com resolves to <IP_ADDRESS> -.
* Link is not on the blacklist.
* Link would be caught by rule \bintegritymusic\.com on the monitor list (Automonitor: conflict of interest? (calculated overlap Mktintegrity <-> integritymusic.com; diff)).
* Link would be caught by rule \bintegritymus on the monitor list (Automonitor: conflict of interest? (calculated overlap IntegrityMedia1 <-> integritymus; diff)).
* Link would be caught by rule \bintegritymusic on the monitor list (Automonitor: conflict of interest? (calculated overlap IntegrityMedia1 <-> integritymusic; diff)).
* Link would be caught by rule \bintegritym on the monitor list (Automonitor: conflict of interest? (calculated overlap IntegrityMedia1 <-> integritym; diff)).
* Link would be caught by rule \bintegritym on the monitor list (Automonitor: conflict of interest? (calculated overlap IntegrityMedia1 <-> integritym; diff)).
Reports COIToolBot reported 20 links.
* 14:59:47, Tue May 13, 2008 en:user:Mktintegrity <-> integritymusic.com (75%/52.94%/39.7% - calculated overlap Mktintegrity <-> integritymusic.com) - en:Joel_Auge - diff (undo) - COIBot UserReport - en:Special:Contributions/Mktintegrity.
* 14:01:11, Fri Jul 18, 2008 en:user:IntegrityMedia1 <-> integritymusic.com (66.66%/58.82%/39.2% - calculated overlap IntegrityMedia1 <-> integritymusic.com) - en:Israel_Houghton - diff (undo) - COIBot UserReport - en:Special:Contributions/IntegrityMedia1.
* 14:40:32, Fri Jul 18, 2008 en:user:IntegrityMedia1 <-> integritymusic.com (66.66%/58.82%/39.2% - calculated overlap IntegrityMedia1 <-> integritymusic.com) - en:Brooklyn_Tabernacle_Choir - diff (undo) - COIBot UserReport - en:Special:Contributions/IntegrityMedia1.
* 15:55:13, Fri Jul 18, 2008 en:user:IntegrityMedia1 <-> integritymusic.com (66.66%/58.82%/39.2% - calculated overlap IntegrityMedia1 <-> integritymusic.com) - en:Brooklyn_Tabernacle_Choir - diff (undo) - COIBot UserReport - en:Special:Contributions/IntegrityMedia1.
* 15:58:11, Fri Jul 18, 2008 en:user:IntegrityMedia1 <-> integritymusic.com (66.66%/58.82%/39.2% - calculated overlap IntegrityMedia1 <-> integritymusic.com) - en:Worth_Dying_For - diff (undo) - COIBot UserReport - en:Special:Contributions/IntegrityMedia1.
* 16:07:03, Fri Jul 18, 2008 en:user:IntegrityMedia1 <-> integritymusic.com (66.66%/58.82%/39.2% - calculated overlap IntegrityMedia1 <-> integritymusic.com) - en:Worth_Dying_For - diff (undo) - COIBot UserReport - en:Special:Contributions/IntegrityMedia1.
* 16:14:50, Fri Jul 18, 2008 en:user:IntegrityMedia1 <-> integritymusic.com (66.66%/58.82%/39.2% - calculated overlap IntegrityMedia1 <-> integritymusic.com) - en:Worth_Dying_For - diff (undo) - COIBot UserReport - en:Special:Contributions/IntegrityMedia1.
* 18:41:30, Fri Aug 01, 2008 en:user:IntegrityMedia1 <-> integritymusic.com (66.66%/58.82%/39.2% - calculated overlap IntegrityMedia1 <-> integritymusic.com) - en:Gateway_Worship - diff (undo) - COIBot UserReport - en:Special:Contributions/IntegrityMedia1.
* 18:41:30, Fri Aug 01, 2008 en:user:IntegrityMedia1 <-> integritymusic.com (66.66%/58.82%/39.2% - calculated overlap IntegrityMedia1 <-> integritymusic.com) - en:Gateway_Worship - diff (undo) - COIBot UserReport - en:Special:Contributions/IntegrityMedia1.
* 18:41:30, Fri Aug 01, 2008 en:user:IntegrityMedia1 <-> integritymusic.com (66.66%/58.82%/39.2% - calculated overlap IntegrityMedia1 <-> integritymusic.com) - en:Gateway_Worship - diff (undo) - COIBot UserReport - en:Special:Contributions/IntegrityMedia1.
* 18:43:12, Fri Aug 01, 2008 en:user:IntegrityMedia1 <-> integritymusic.com (66.66%/58.82%/39.2% - calculated overlap IntegrityMedia1 <-> integritymusic.com) - en:Gateway_Worship - diff (undo) - COIBot UserReport - en:Special:Contributions/IntegrityMedia1.
* 18:43:12, Fri Aug 01, 2008 en:user:IntegrityMedia1 <-> integritymusic.com (66.66%/58.82%/39.2% - calculated overlap IntegrityMedia1 <-> integritymusic.com) - en:Gateway_Worship - diff (undo) - COIBot UserReport - en:Special:Contributions/IntegrityMedia1.
* 18:43:12, Fri Aug 01, 2008 en:user:IntegrityMedia1 <-> integritymusic.com (66.66%/58.82%/39.2% - calculated overlap IntegrityMedia1 <-> integritymusic.com) - en:Gateway_Worship - diff (undo) - COIBot UserReport - en:Special:Contributions/IntegrityMedia1.
* 18:46:00, Fri Aug 01, 2008 en:user:IntegrityMedia1 <-> integritymusic.com (66.66%/58.82%/39.2% - calculated overlap IntegrityMedia1 <-> integritymusic.com) - en:Gateway_Worship - diff (undo) - COIBot UserReport - en:Special:Contributions/IntegrityMedia1.
* 18:46:00, Fri Aug 01, 2008 en:user:IntegrityMedia1 <-> integritymusic.com (66.66%/58.82%/39.2% - calculated overlap IntegrityMedia1 <-> integritymusic.com) - en:Gateway_Worship - diff (undo) - COIBot UserReport - en:Special:Contributions/IntegrityMedia1.
* 18:46:17, Fri Aug 01, 2008 en:user:IntegrityMedia1 <-> integritymusic.com (66.66%/58.82%/39.2% - calculated overlap IntegrityMedia1 <-> integritymusic.com) - en:Gateway_Worship - diff (undo) - COIBot UserReport - en:Special:Contributions/IntegrityMedia1.
* 18:46:17, Fri Aug 01, 2008 en:user:IntegrityMedia1 <-> integritymusic.com (66.66%/58.82%/39.2% - calculated overlap IntegrityMedia1 <-> integritymusic.com) - en:Gateway_Worship - diff (undo) - COIBot UserReport - en:Special:Contributions/IntegrityMedia1.
* 18:52:23, Fri Aug 01, 2008 en:user:IntegrityMedia1 <-> integritymusic.com (66.66%/58.82%/39.2% - calculated overlap IntegrityMedia1 <-> integritymusic.com) - en:Gateway_Worship - diff (undo) - COIBot UserReport - en:Special:Contributions/IntegrityMedia1.
* 18:52:23, Fri Aug 01, 2008 en:user:IntegrityMedia1 <-> integritymusic.com (66.66%/58.82%/39.2% - calculated overlap IntegrityMedia1 <-> integritymusic.com) - en:Gateway_Worship - diff (undo) - COIBot UserReport - en:Special:Contributions/IntegrityMedia1.
* 19:01:37, Fri Aug 01, 2008 en:user:IntegrityMedia1 <-> integritymusic.com (66.66%/58.82%/39.2% - calculated overlap IntegrityMedia1 <-> integritymusic.com) - en:Gateway_Worship - diff (undo) - COIBot UserReport - en:Special:Contributions/IntegrityMedia1.
Below a full report on all use of the link integritymusic.com.
LinkWatcher records:
* 1) 2008-05-01 19:31:31 (---): User Bilingua (talk - contribs; 7) to Bilingual worship songs (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/. * Links added in this diff: www.integritymusic.com/ (7, 68, 1, 1)
* 2) 2008-05-13 10:58:11 (---): User Mktintegrity (talk - contribs; 6) to Joel Auge (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/. * Links added in this diff: www.integritymusic.com/ (6, 68, 1, 1) www.christianmusicdaily.com/content/view/141/92/ (6, 17, 2, 1)
* 3) 2008-06-06 01:32:26 (UTC): User Park john u (talk - contribs; 29) to The Mercy Seat (Don Moen album) (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=audio&aid=3&did=63&Itemid=72. * Links added in this diff: www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=audio&aid=3&did=63&Itemid=72 (29, 68, 8, 1)
* 4) 2008-06-08 17:59:22 (UTC): User Park john u (talk - contribs; 29) to Hiding Place (album) (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=audio&aid=3&did=59&Itemid=72. * Links added in this diff: www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=audio&aid=3&did=59&Itemid=72 (29, 68, 8, 1)
* 5) 2008-06-11 14:21:33 (UTC): User Messenger777 (talk - contribs; 12) to Smithton, Missouri (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/new/artist/8-99.html. * Links added in this diff: www.worldrevivalchurch.com/aboutus/smithton-story/ (12, 2, 2, 1) www.basileiapublishing.com/sojan11nl.htm.php3 (12, 1, 1, 1) www.headacheno.com/olivet/renewal2001/smithton.htm (12, 1, 1, 1) www.integritymusic.com/new/artist/8-99.html (12, 68, 1, 1) www.jillaustin.org/newsjune2001.htm (12, 1, 1, 1) www.baptiststandard.com/1999/7_21/pages/smithton.html (12, 24, 1, 1) www.renewed.net/hsp/0377.html (12, 1, 1, 1) www.worldrevivalchurch.com/aboutus/smithton-story/ (12, 2, 2, 1)
* 6) 2008-06-13 01:12:21 (UTC): User Park john u (talk - contribs; 29) to God Will Make a Way - The Best of Don Moen (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=audio&aid=3&did=66&Itemid=72. * Links added in this diff: www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=audio&aid=3&did=66&Itemid=72 (29, 68, 8, 1)
* 7) 2008-06-13 01:12:21 (UTC): User Park john u (talk - contribs; 29) to God in Us (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=audio&aid=3&did=65&Itemid=72. * Links added in this diff: www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=audio&aid=3&did=65&Itemid=72 (29, 68, 8, 1)
* 8) 2008-06-13 01:12:21 (UTC): User Park john u (talk - contribs; 29) to I Will Sing (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=audio&aid=3&did=64&Itemid=72. * Links added in this diff: www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=audio&aid=3&did=64&Itemid=72 (29, 68, 8, 1)
* 9) 2008-06-13 01:12:21 (UTC): User Park john u (talk - contribs; 29) to God Is Good - Worship with Don Moen (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=audio&aid=3&did=61&Itemid=72. * Links added in this diff: www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=audio&aid=3&did=61&Itemid=72 (29, 68, 8, 1)
* 10) 2008-06-13 01:12:21 (UTC): User Park john u (talk - contribs; 29) to Let Your Glory Fall (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=audio&aid=3&did=60&Itemid=72. * Links added in this diff: www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=audio&aid=3&did=60&Itemid=72 (29, 68, 8, 1)
* 11) 2008-06-14 03:10:22 (UTC): User Dweller (talk - contribs; 333) to Hillsong Church (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/company/press/88.html.
* User is on global Whitelist: Dweller <-> * (Over 5000 edits on en wikipedia)
* 1) 2008-06-14 03:10:22 (UTC): User ClueBot (talk - contribs; 855874) to Hillsong Church (diff - undo) - Link: integritymusic.com/company/press/88.html.
* User is on global Whitelist: cluebot <-> * (Bots don't have a COI)
* 1) 2008-06-14 03:10:22 (UTC): User ClueBot (talk - contribs; 855874) to Hillsong Church (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/company/press/88.html.
* User is on global Whitelist: cluebot <-> * (Bots don't have a COI)
* 1) 2008-06-18 02:37:09 (UTC): User Park john u (talk - contribs; 29) to Thank You Lord (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=audio&aid=3&did=67&Itemid=72. * Links added in this diff: www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=audio&aid=3&did=67&Itemid=72 (29, 68, 8, 1)
* 2) 2008-06-22 02:13:58 (UTC): User Latreia (talk - contribs; 5) to Hillsong Church (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/company/press/88.html. * Links added in this diff: www.mos (5, 1, 1, 1) www.christianpost.com/article/20060705/22715_Hillsong_Launches_20th_Conference,_New_Album.htm (5, 240, 2, 1) www.christianpost.com/article/20070131/25516_Hillsong_Kids_Go_'Supernatural'.htm (5, 240, 2, 1) www.integritymusic.com/company/press/88.html (5, 68, 1, 1)
* 3) 2008-06-24 21:33:45 (UTC): User Spellcast (talk - contribs; 2406) to I Can Only Imagine (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/worship/artist/0603.html.
* User is on global Whitelist: Spellcast <-> * (Over 5000 edits on en wikipedia)
* 1) 2008-06-25 14:30:18 (UTC): User <IP_ADDRESS> (talk - contribs; 1) to Noel (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/worship/story/1203-2.html. * Links added in this diff: www.integritymusic.com/worship/story/1203-2.html (1, 68, 1, 1)
* 2) 2008-07-02 12:44:41 (UTC): User SWik78 (talk - contribs; 5425) to Lakewood Church (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/worship/artist/0502.html. * Links added in this diff: www.outreachmagazine.com/docs/top100_2007_largest.pdf (5425, 20, 1, 1) www.cioinsight.com/article2/0,1540,1888980,00.asp (5425, 8, 1, 1) www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2005-07-14-largest-church_x.htm (5425, 13368, 19, 1) www.lakewood.cc/site/PageServer?pagename=LCH_ourleadershipteam (5425, 12, 9, 1) www.lakewood.cc/site/PageServer?pagename=LCH_ourleadershipteam (5425, 12, 9, 1) www.lakewood.cc/site/PageServer?pagename=LCH_ourleadershipteam (5425, 12, 9, 1) www.lakewood.cc/site/PageServer?pagename=LCH_ourhistory (5425, 12, 9, 1) www.lakewood.cc/site/PageServer?pagename=LCH_ourhistory (5425, 12, 9, 1) www.msnbc.msn.com/id/8565629/ (5425, 12030, 36, 1) www.nytimes.com/2004/03/10/business/10prop.html?ex=1172552400&en=c8cb3279d9f71269&ei=5070 (5425, 31182, 54, 1) www.msnbc.msn.com/id/8565629/ (5425, 12030, 36, 1) www.nytimes.com/2004/03/10/business/10prop.html?ex=1172552400&en=c8cb3279d9f71269&ei=5070 (5425, 31182, 54, 1) www.christianpost.com/article/20070215/25806_2_Interview%3A_Joel_Osteen_on_the_Future_of_America%27s_Churches_and_Him_Pastoring_One.htm (5425, 240, 1, 1) www.lakewood.cc/site/PageServer?pagename=LCH_aboutjoelandvictoria (5425, 12, 9, 1) www.lakewood.cc/site/PageServer?pagename=LCH_music (5425, 12, 9, 1) www.integritymusic.com/worship/artist/0502.html (5425, 68, 1, 1) www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A47023-2005Jan29_3.html (5425, 17767, 55, 1) www.amazon.com/We-Speak-Nations-Lakewood-Church/dp/B000066AUD/ref=pd_bbs_sr_1?ie=UTF8&s=music&qid=1196842809&sr=8-1 (5425, 14405, 16, 1) www.amazon.com/Cover-Earth-Lakewood-Church/dp/B0001BS4ME/ref=pd_bxgy_m_img_b (5425, 14405, 16, 1) www.amazon.com/Gift-Houston-Symphony-Lakewood-Church/dp/B000KC80U0/ref=pd_sim_m_img_2 (5425, 14405, 16, 1) joelosteen.lakewood.cc/site/PageServer?pagename=JOM_ftw (5425, 5, 1, 1) www.lakewood.cc/site/PageServer?pagename=LCH_element (5425, 12, 9, 1) www.lakewood.cc (5425, 12, 9, 1) www.joelosteen.com (5425, 2, 1, 1)
* 3) 2008-07-10 19:44:50 (UTC): User <IP_ADDRESS> (talk - contribs; 2) to Don Moen (singer) (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/donmoen. * Links added in this diff: www.integritymusic.com/donmoen (2, 68, 2, 1)
* 4) 2008-07-10 19:44:50 (UTC): User <IP_ADDRESS> (talk - contribs; 2) to Don Moen (singer) (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/music/nrp/makeaway.html. * Links added in this diff: www.integritymusic.com/music/nrp/makeaway.html (2, 68, 2, 1)
* 5) 2008-07-18 13:58:05 (UTC): User IntegrityMedia1 (talk - contribs; 35) to Israel Houghton (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/israel&newbreed. * Links added in this diff: www.integritymusic.com/israel&newbreed (35, 68, 33, 1)
* 6) 2008-07-18 14:37:23 (UTC): User IntegrityMedia1 (talk - contribs; 35) to Brooklyn Tabernacle Choir (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/thebrooklyntabernaclechoir. * Links added in this diff: www.integritymusic.com/thebrooklyntabernaclechoir (35, 68, 33, 1)
* 7) 2008-07-18 15:34:18 (UTC): User IntegrityMedia1 (talk - contribs; 35) to Brooklyn Tabernacle Choir (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/thebrooklyntabernaclechoir. * Links added in this diff: www.integritymusic.com/thebrooklyntabernaclechoir (35, 68, 33, 1)
* 8) 2008-07-18 15:37:11 (UTC): User IntegrityMedia1 (talk - contribs; 35) to Worth Dying For (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor. * Links added in this diff: www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1)
* 9) 2008-07-18 15:47:58 (UTC): User IntegrityMedia1 (talk - contribs; 35) to Worth Dying For (diff - undo) - Link: integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor. * Links added in this diff: integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1)
* 10) 2008-07-18 15:51:37 (UTC): User SEWilco (talk - contribs; 596) to Worth Dying For (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=home&aid=65&itemid=72.
* User is on global Whitelist: SEWilco <-> * (Over 5000 edits on en wikipedia)
* 1) 2008-07-18 15:51:37 (UTC): User SEWilco (talk - contribs; 596) to Worth Dying For (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio&aid=65&itemid=72.
* User is on global Whitelist: SEWilco <-> * (Over 5000 edits on en wikipedia)
* 1) 2008-07-18 15:51:37 (UTC): User SEWilco (talk - contribs; 596) to Worth Dying For (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio&aid=65&itemid=72.
* User is on global Whitelist: SEWilco <-> * (Over 5000 edits on en wikipedia)
* 1) 2008-07-18 15:54:53 (UTC): User IntegrityMedia1 (talk - contribs; 35) to Worth Dying For (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor. * Links added in this diff: www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1)
* 2) 2008-07-18 15:59:07 (UTC): User IntegrityMedia1 (talk - contribs; 35) to Worth Dying For (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor. * Links added in this diff: www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1)
* 3) 2008-07-18 15:59:07 (UTC): User IntegrityMedia1 (talk - contribs; 35) to Worth Dying For (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor. * Links added in this diff: www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1)
* 4) 2008-07-18 15:59:07 (UTC): User IntegrityMedia1 (talk - contribs; 35) to Worth Dying For (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor. * Links added in this diff: www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1)
* 5) 2008-07-18 15:59:07 (UTC): User IntegrityMedia1 (talk - contribs; 35) to Worth Dying For (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor. * Links added in this diff: www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1)
* 6) 2008-07-18 15:59:07 (UTC): User IntegrityMedia1 (talk - contribs; 35) to Worth Dying For (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor. * Links added in this diff: www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1)
* 7) 2008-07-18 15:59:07 (UTC): User IntegrityMedia1 (talk - contribs; 35) to Worth Dying For (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor. * Links added in this diff: www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1)
* 8) 2008-07-18 15:59:07 (UTC): User IntegrityMedia1 (talk - contribs; 35) to Worth Dying For (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor. * Links added in this diff: www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1)
* 9) 2008-07-18 15:59:07 (UTC): User IntegrityMedia1 (talk - contribs; 35) to Worth Dying For (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor. * Links added in this diff: www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/worthdyingfor (35, 68, 33, 1)
* 10) 2008-07-18 16:00:48 (UTC): User SEWilco (talk - contribs; 596) to Worth Dying For (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio&aid=65&itemid=72.
* User is on global Whitelist: SEWilco <-> * (Over 5000 edits on en wikipedia)
* 1) 2008-07-18 16:00:48 (UTC): User SEWilco (talk - contribs; 596) to Worth Dying For (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio&aid=65&itemid=72.
* User is on global Whitelist: SEWilco <-> * (Over 5000 edits on en wikipedia)
* 1) 2008-08-01 18:36:01 (UTC): User IntegrityMedia1 (talk - contribs; 35) to Gateway Worship (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio=24<emid=72. * Links added in this diff: www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio=24<emid=72 (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio=24<emid=72 (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio=24<emid=72 (35, 68, 33, 1)
* 2) 2008-08-01 18:36:01 (UTC): User IntegrityMedia1 (talk - contribs; 35) to Gateway Worship (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio=24<emid=72. * Links added in this diff: www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio=24<emid=72 (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio=24<emid=72 (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio=24<emid=72 (35, 68, 33, 1)
* 3) 2008-08-01 18:36:01 (UTC): User IntegrityMedia1 (talk - contribs; 35) to Gateway Worship (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio=24<emid=72. * Links added in this diff: www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio=24<emid=72 (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio=24<emid=72 (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio=24<emid=72 (35, 68, 33, 1)
* 4) 2008-08-01 18:38:13 (UTC): User IntegrityMedia1 (talk - contribs; 35) to Gateway Worship (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio=24&itemid=72. * Links added in this diff: www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio=24&itemid=72 (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio=24&itemid=72 (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio=24&itemid=72 (35, 68, 33, 1)
* 5) 2008-08-01 18:38:13 (UTC): User IntegrityMedia1 (talk - contribs; 35) to Gateway Worship (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio=24&itemid=72. * Links added in this diff: www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio=24&itemid=72 (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio=24&itemid=72 (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio=24&itemid=72 (35, 68, 33, 1)
* 6) 2008-08-01 18:38:13 (UTC): User IntegrityMedia1 (talk - contribs; 35) to Gateway Worship (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio=24&itemid=72. * Links added in this diff: www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio=24&itemid=72 (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio=24&itemid=72 (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio=24&itemid=72 (35, 68, 33, 1)
* 7) 2008-08-01 18:40:41 (UTC): User IntegrityMedia1 (talk - contribs; 35) to Gateway Worship (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio&aid=24&itemid=72. * Links added in this diff: www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio&aid=24&itemid=72 (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio&aid=24&itemid=72 (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio&aid=24&itemid=72 (35, 68, 33, 1)
* 8) 2008-08-01 18:40:41 (UTC): User IntegrityMedia1 (talk - contribs; 35) to Gateway Worship (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio&aid=24&itemid=72. * Links added in this diff: www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio&aid=24&itemid=72 (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio&aid=24&itemid=72 (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio&aid=24&itemid=72 (35, 68, 33, 1)
* 9) 2008-08-01 18:40:41 (UTC): User IntegrityMedia1 (talk - contribs; 35) to Gateway Worship (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio&aid=24&itemid=72. * Links added in this diff: www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio&aid=24&itemid=72 (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio&aid=24&itemid=72 (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio&aid=24&itemid=72 (35, 68, 33, 1)
* 10) 2008-08-01 18:40:41 (UTC): User IntegrityMedia1 (talk - contribs; 35) to Gateway Worship (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio&aid=24<emid=72. * Links added in this diff: www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio&aid=24<emid=72 (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio&aid=24<emid=72 (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio&aid=24<emid=72 (35, 68, 33, 1)
* 11) 2008-08-01 18:40:41 (UTC): User IntegrityMedia1 (talk - contribs; 35) to Gateway Worship (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio&aid=24<emid=72. * Links added in this diff: www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio&aid=24<emid=72 (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio&aid=24<emid=72 (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio&aid=24<emid=72 (35, 68, 33, 1)
* 12) 2008-08-01 18:40:41 (UTC): User IntegrityMedia1 (talk - contribs; 35) to Gateway Worship (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio&aid=24<emid=72. * Links added in this diff: www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio&aid=24<emid=72 (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio&aid=24<emid=72 (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio&aid=24<emid=72 (35, 68, 33, 1)
* 13) 2008-08-01 18:43:41 (UTC): User IntegrityMedia1 (talk - contribs; 35) to Gateway Worship (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio=24<emid=72. * Links added in this diff: www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio=24<emid=72 (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio=24<emid=72 (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio=24<emid=72 (35, 68, 33, 1)
* 14) 2008-08-01 18:43:41 (UTC): User IntegrityMedia1 (talk - contribs; 35) to Gateway Worship (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio=24<emid=72. * Links added in this diff: www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio=24<emid=72 (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio=24<emid=72 (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio=24<emid=72 (35, 68, 33, 1)
* 15) 2008-08-01 18:43:41 (UTC): User IntegrityMedia1 (talk - contribs; 35) to Gateway Worship (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio=24<emid=72. * Links added in this diff: www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio=24<emid=72 (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio=24<emid=72 (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio=24<emid=72 (35, 68, 33, 1)
* 16) 2008-08-01 18:46:57 (UTC): User IntegrityMedia1 (talk - contribs; 35) to Gateway Worship (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio=24<emid=99999999. * Links added in this diff: www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio=24<emid=99999999 (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio=24<emid=99999999 (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio=24<emid=99999999 (35, 68, 33, 1)
* 17) 2008-08-01 18:46:57 (UTC): User IntegrityMedia1 (talk - contribs; 35) to Gateway Worship (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio=24<emid=99999999. * Links added in this diff: www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio=24<emid=99999999 (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio=24<emid=99999999 (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio=24<emid=99999999 (35, 68, 33, 1)
* 18) 2008-08-01 18:46:57 (UTC): User IntegrityMedia1 (talk - contribs; 35) to Gateway Worship (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio=24<emid=99999999. * Links added in this diff: www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio=24<emid=99999999 (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio=24<emid=99999999 (35, 68, 33, 1) www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio=24<emid=99999999 (35, 68, 33, 1)
* 19) 2008-08-01 18:54:25 (UTC): User IntegrityMedia1 (talk - contribs; 35) to Gateway Worship (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio&aid=24<emid=72. * Links added in this diff: www.gatewayworship.com/aboutus.html (35, 2, 1, 1) www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio&aid=24<emid=72 (35, 68, 33, 1)
* 20) 2008-08-01 20:32:04 (UTC): User WorshipGuy22 (talk - contribs; 33) to Hillsong United (band) (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/hillsongunited. * Links added in this diff: www.christianitytoday.com/music/reviews/2005/looktoyou.html (33, 849, 7, 1) www.integritymusic.com/hillsongunited (33, 68, 10, 1) www.hillsong.com/united (33, 34, 1, 1)
* 21) 2008-08-04 18:45:25 (UTC): User WorshipGuy22 (talk - contribs; 33) to Gateway Worship (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/gatewayworship. * Links added in this diff: www.integritymusic.com/gatewayworship (33, 68, 10, 1)
* 22) 2008-08-04 19:23:57 (UTC): User WorshipGuy22 (talk - contribs; 33) to Gateway Worship (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio&aid=24<emid=72. * Links added in this diff: www.gatewayworship.com/aboutus.html (33, 2, 1, 1) www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio&aid=24<emid=72 (33, 68, 10, 1) www.soul-audio.com/album-reviews/05-06-2008/gateway-worship/ (33, 6, 2, 1)
* 23) 2008-08-05 19:14:55 (UTC): User WorshipGuy22 (talk - contribs; 33) to Alvin Slaughter (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/alvinslaughter. * Links added in this diff: www.integritymusic.com/alvinslaughter (33, 68, 10, 1)
* 24) 2008-08-07 14:33:37 (UTC): User WorshipGuy22 (talk - contribs; 33) to Desperation Band (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/desperationband. * Links added in this diff: www.integritymusic.com/desperationband (33, 68, 10, 1) www.desperationonline.com/conference.jsp?id=3 (33, 4, 4, 1) www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio&aid=28<emid=72 (33, 68, 10, 1) www.christianitytoday.com/music/reviews/2007/everyoneovercome.html (33, 849, 7, 1) newlifeworship.com/leadership.jsp (33, 2, 2, 1) www.desperationonline.com/leadership.jsp?id=2&pageid=4 (33, 4, 4, 1) www.desperationonline.com/conference.jsp?id=3 (33, 4, 4, 1) www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio&aid=28<emid=72 (33, 68, 10, 1) www.worshipmusic.com/39652.html (33, 26, 1, 1) www.desperationonline.com/leadership.jsp?id=2&pageid=4 (33, 4, 4, 1) newlifeworship.com/leadership.jsp (33, 2, 2, 1) www.christianitytoday.com/music/reviews/2007/everyoneovercome.html (33, 849, 7, 1)
* 25) 2008-08-07 14:33:37 (UTC): User WorshipGuy22 (talk - contribs; 33) to Desperation Band (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio&aid=28<emid=72. * Links added in this diff: www.integritymusic.com/desperationband (33, 68, 10, 1) www.desperationonline.com/conference.jsp?id=3 (33, 4, 4, 1) www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio&aid=28<emid=72 (33, 68, 10, 1) www.christianitytoday.com/music/reviews/2007/everyoneovercome.html (33, 849, 7, 1) newlifeworship.com/leadership.jsp (33, 2, 2, 1) www.desperationonline.com/leadership.jsp?id=2&pageid=4 (33, 4, 4, 1) www.desperationonline.com/conference.jsp?id=3 (33, 4, 4, 1) www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio&aid=28<emid=72 (33, 68, 10, 1) www.worshipmusic.com/39652.html (33, 26, 1, 1) www.desperationonline.com/leadership.jsp?id=2&pageid=4 (33, 4, 4, 1) newlifeworship.com/leadership.jsp (33, 2, 2, 1) www.christianitytoday.com/music/reviews/2007/everyoneovercome.html (33, 849, 7, 1)
* 26) 2008-08-07 14:33:37 (UTC): User WorshipGuy22 (talk - contribs; 33) to Desperation Band (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio&aid=28<emid=72. * Links added in this diff: www.integritymusic.com/desperationband (33, 68, 10, 1) www.desperationonline.com/conference.jsp?id=3 (33, 4, 4, 1) www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio&aid=28<emid=72 (33, 68, 10, 1) www.christianitytoday.com/music/reviews/2007/everyoneovercome.html (33, 849, 7, 1) newlifeworship.com/leadership.jsp (33, 2, 2, 1) www.desperationonline.com/leadership.jsp?id=2&pageid=4 (33, 4, 4, 1) www.desperationonline.com/conference.jsp?id=3 (33, 4, 4, 1) www.integritymusic.com/?option=com_artists&task=bio&aid=28<emid=72 (33, 68, 10, 1) www.worshipmusic.com/39652.html (33, 26, 1, 1) www.desperationonline.com/leadership.jsp?id=2&pageid=4 (33, 4, 4, 1) newlifeworship.com/leadership.jsp (33, 2, 2, 1) www.christianitytoday.com/music/reviews/2007/everyoneovercome.html (33, 849, 7, 1)
* 27) 2008-08-13 15:36:30 (UTC): User WorshipGuy22 (talk - contribs; 33) to Brooklyn Tabernacle Choir (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/brooklyntabernaclechoir. * Links added in this diff: www.integritymusic.com/brooklyntabernaclechoir (33, 68, 10, 1)
* 28) 2008-08-13 15:42:06 (UTC): User WorshipGuy22 (talk - contribs; 33) to Kathryn Scott (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com/kathrynscott. * Links added in this diff: www.integritymusic.com/kathrynscott (33, 68, 10, 1)
* 29) 2008-08-13 18:53:16 (UTC): User WorshipGuy22 (talk - contribs; 33) to Paul Baloche (diff - undo) - Link: www.integritymusic.com. * Links added in this diff: www.integritymusic.com (33, 68, 10, 1) | WIKI |
Tocowa, Mississippi
Tocowa is a ghost town located just outside Batesville in Panola County, Mississippi, United States.
History
In 1938, Federal Writers' Project wrote up a sketch of the town, and surmised its name to be derived Chickasaw and Choctaw languages meaning "healing waters". However, more recent scholarship rejects the "healing waters" interpretation, and purports the name to mean "broken and bent down trees" or "firewood".
During the late 18th century, and well into the 19th century, the town grew around a natural spring. The spring was used as a socializing area by Native Americans who believed in the spring's mysterious healing powers and that the water could heal braves wounded in battle. In the May 25, 1867 edition of The Weekly Panola Star newspaper, the spring was described as "a fine, clear, and bold running mineral spring of known and well attested medicinal virtues".
A post office operated under the name Tocowa from 1900 to 1921.
Notable natives
Former Mississippi governor Ronnie Musgrove was born and raised in Tocowa. At that time, the town had a population of 42. | WIKI |
Salzgitter-Ringelheim station
Salzgitter-Ringelsheim station is a station in the town of Salzgitter in the German state of Lower Saxony. It is located in the extreme southwest of the urban area in the district of Salzgitter-Ringelheim. Salzgitter has no central station and Salzgitter-Ringelsheim station, despite its remote location, is the main station in Salzgitter.
Infrastructure
The station is a railway junction, built as the through station lying east-west. The Brunswick–Kreiensen railway and the Hildesheim–Goslar railway, which intersect here, are not electrified. It is served by Regionalbahn and Regional-Express trains. It is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 5 station.
History
The Brunswick Southern Railway (Brunswick–Kreiensen railway) was built from Brunswick towards Kreiensen through the south of modern urban area of Salzgitter in 1856, passing through Salzgitter station—now called Salzgitter Bad station—and Ringelheim (Harz). The rail network in the Salzgitter area was extensively remodelled between 1938 and 1958. In Ringelsheim station, the Brunswick–Kreiensen railway crossed the Hildesheim–Grauhof section of the Hildesheim–Goslar railway completed by the Hanover-Altenbeken Railway Company in 1875 to connect with the Halberstadt–Vienenburg railway of the Magdeburg–Halberstadt Railway Company. At this time a station building was built to a Harz design. It was demolished in the late 1980s. Salzgitter Ringelsheim station has been modernised since 2000. | WIKI |
Cayuga, Illinois
Cayuga is an unincorporated community in Livingston County, Illinois, United States, and is located northeast of Pontiac. Never that large to begin with, all that remains is an abandoned grain elevator and depot along the Union Pacific.
History
The Chicago & Alton Railroad was built through the area in 1853. Cayuga was platted by Thomas F. Norton two years later, for Corydon Weed. Population peaked as a village with 160 people in 1898. What would become Route 66 was built along Cayuga in the 1910s. At one point there was a school and two churches, a Presbyterian and a Lutheran. The only documented owner of the grain elevator was the defunct Middle Division Elevator Co. By 1955 the population had dropped to only 60 people.
Climate
The average high and low temperatures are 85 F and 63 F, respectively, during the summer and 30 F and 17 F, respectively, during the winter. | WIKI |
Lightweight OCI compatible images for OpenStack Projects
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README.md
OpenStack LOCI
OpenStack LOCI is a project designed to quickly build Lightweight OCI compatible images of OpenStack services.
Currently we build and gate images for the following OpenStack projects:
Additionally, we produce a "wheels" image for requirements containing all of the packages listed in upper-constraints.txt.
The instructions below can be used for any OpenStack service currently targeted by LOCI. For simplicity, we will continue to use Keystone as an example.
Keystone Image Layer Info
Building locally
Note: To build locally, you will need a version of docker >= 17.05.0.
It's really easy to build images locally:
$ docker build https://git.openstack.org/openstack/loci.git --build-arg PROJECT=keystone \
--tag keystone:ubuntu
The default base distro is Ubuntu, however, you can use the following form to build from a distro of your choice, in this case, CentOS:
$ docker build https://git.openstack.org/openstack/loci.git \
--build-arg PROJECT=keystone \
--build-arg WHEELS="loci/requirements:master-centos" \
--build-arg FROM=centos:7 \
--tag keystone:centos
If building behind a proxy, remember to use build arguments to pass these through to the build:
$ docker build https://git.openstack.org/openstack/loci.git \
--build-arg http_proxy=$http_proxy \
--build-arg https_proxy=$https_proxy \
--build-arg no_proxy=$no_proxy \
--build-arg PROJECT=keystone \
--tag keystone:ubuntu
For more advanced building you can use docker build arguments to define:
• FROM The base Docker image to build from. Currently supported are ubuntu:xenial and centos:7
• PROJECT The name of the project to install.
• PROJECT_REPO The git repo containing the OpenStack project the container should contain
• PROJECT_REF The git ref, branch, or tag the container should fetch for the project
• UID The uid of the user that will be created (defaults to 42424).
• GID The gid of the group that will be created (default to 42424).
• WHEELS The location of the wheels tarball. This accepts a url to a tarball or a Docker image name in the form of [myregistry/]mydockernamespace/requirements[:ubuntu]
• DISTRO This is a helper variable used for scripts. It would primarily be used in situations where the script would not detect the correct distro. For example, you would set DISTRO=centos when running from an oraclelinux base image.
• PROFILES The bindep profiles to specify to configure which packages get installed. This is a space separated list.
• PIP_PACKAGES Specify additional python packages you would like installed. The only caveat is these packages must exist in WHEELS form. So if you wanted to include rpdb, you would need to have built that into your WHEELS.
• PIP_ARGS Specify additional pip's parameters you would like.
• DIST_PACKAGES Specify additional distribution packages you would like installed.
This makes it really easy to integrate LOCI images into your development or CI/CD workflow, for example, if you wanted to build an image from this PS you could run:
$ docker build https://git.openstack.org/openstack/loci.git \
--build-arg PROJECT=keystone \
--tag mydockernamespace/keystone-testing:418167-1 \
--build-arg PROJECT_REF=refs/changes/67/418167/1
To build with the wheels from a private Docker registry rather than DockerHub run:
$ docker build https://git.openstack.org/openstack/loci.git \
--build-arg PROJECT=keystone \
--build-arg WHEELS=172.17.0.1:5000/mydockernamespace/keystone:ubuntu
To build cinder with lvm and ceph support you would run:
$ docker build https://git.openstack.org/openstack/loci.git \
--build-arg PROJECT=cinder \
--build-arg PROFILES="lvm ceph"
Customizing
The images should contain all the required assets for running the service. But if you wish or need to customize the loci/keystone image that's great! We hope to have built the images to make this as easy and flexible as possible. To do this we recommend that you perform any required customisation in a child image using a pattern similar to:
FROM loci/keystone:master-ubuntu
MAINTAINER you@example.com
RUN set -x \
&& apt-get update \
&& apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends your-awesome-binary-package \
&& rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
A Note on the Stability of LOCI
LOCI is considered stable. There are production installs of OpenStack using LOCI built images at this time.
The project is very low-entopy with very little changing, but this is expected. The highest traffic section of LOCI is the gates. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Aubrey Buxton Nature Reserve
Aubrey Buxton Nature Reserve is a 9.7 hectare nature reserve west of Elsenham in Essex. It was donated to the Essex Wildlife Trust by Aubrey Buxton and his wife in 1976.
The site was previously a park for Norman House. It is woodland on a sandy and gravel soil, with meadows and six man-made ponds. Grassland plants include cowslips, wild strawberries and common spotted orchids. There are birds such as nuthatches and woodpeckers, and many species of butterfly. Black poplars, which are the county's rarest native tree, have been planted to replace trees lost to storm damage.
There is access from a track off Alsa Street. | WIKI |
Page:Willich, A. F. M. - The Domestic Encyclopædia (Vol. 3, 1802).djvu/246
224] the new moon, they re-assume their former lustre.—No remedy has hitherto been discovered for this affection, which generally terminates in total blindness. MOOR, or, a black, light, soft soil, remarkably loose, without any admixture of stones, and containing a very small proportion of clay, or sand.
This earth usually forms the uppermost stratum of fen-lands, and consists almost wholly of pure vegetable matter, which renders it very fertile. Moors, however, are subject to inundations, and they retain moisture for a considerable time, so as to render it difficult for cattle to graze, without poaching the soil. To remedy this inconvenience, the tenants of such lands pare and burn them at certain seasons of the year; by which process their nature is considerably improved, as the surface readily takes fire, and burns freely.
In other respects, the conversion of moors into arable or pasture land, varies little from the method already stated under the article ; provided such tracts of ground be in a plain, or on a level. It will be advisable, however, to plant the black willow preferably to any other tree or shrub; as it flourishes well on moors, and affords an excellent shelter to cattle during stormy weather. The course of crops that has been found most profitable, is, for the first three years, grass; that is, hay-seeds, and the different kinds of clever, sown after the surface has been burnt and ploughed in: during the next three years, two crops of corn, with an intermediate fallow. By such rotation, lands that were naturally of little value, have been rendered fit to produce very beneficial crops.
But, where moors occur in mountainous situations, Mr. recommends them first to be drained and irrigated, as the water will work numerous passages round the heath, that is usually found in moor-lands; but which will speedily perish when flooded, and will be succeeded by sweet grasses, and other useful plants.
The next step will be to inclose the land with a double, dry stone-wall, between which young oaks, alders, ash, holly, mountain-ash, &c. may be advantageously planted; for, independently of the immediate shelter thus afforded to cattle, they will, in the course of a few years, become very profitable woods. In some cases, a simple inclosure has, without farther cultivation, been found very beneficial for feeding the common Scotch wethers, which are distinguished by black faces and legs, and long coarse wool.—Mr. observes, that mountainous moors, if tolerably well covered with heath, intermixed with spots of sedge, rushes, and coarse grass, will support a sheep on an acre, throughout the year; and, as the rot seldom occurs on these lands, it has been found, that flocks pastured on them, without the addition of hay, thrive well, and oftentimes better than those which are regularly foddered. If, however, the design be to establish a grass-farm, it will be advisable to pare, burn, and lime the lands, after which they must be once thinly ploughed, that the lime and ashes may not be too deeply buried.
As the cultivation of mountainous moors is either productive of great profit, or of total ruin, the greatest | WIKI |
Ultimate Guide to Bambu Lab X1 Endstops
Ultimate Guide to Bambu Lab X1 Endstops
Welcome to a comprehensive exploration of the Bambu Lab X1 3D printer and its intricate endstops system. Dive into the world of 3D printing technology as we uncover the significance of endstop sensors in ensuring impeccable print quality and precision. Discover the maintenance recommendations and upcoming models from Bambu Lab that are set to revolutionize the 3D printing experience.
Bambu Lab X1 Printer Features
The Bambu Lab X1 is a 3D printer that has gained popularity among enthusiasts. Let’s delve into some details about it:
1. Endstops:
• The endstops in a 3D printer are sensors or switches that help determine the position of the print head or the movement of the printer’s axes. They play a crucial role in ensuring accurate and precise printing.
• For the Bambu Lab X1, endstops are strategically placed to detect the limits of movement along the X, Y, and Z axes.
• These sensors help prevent the print head from moving beyond its intended range, which is essential for successful prints.
2. Maintenance Recommendations:
• Like any 3D printer, the Bambu Lab X1 requires regular maintenance to ensure smooth operation.
• Here are some basic maintenance recommendations for the X1 and X1-Carbon models:
• Check the endstops: Verify that the endstops are functioning correctly. If they’re misaligned or malfunctioning, it can lead to print errors.
• Inspect wiring: Examine the wiring connected to the endstops. Loose or damaged wires can cause issues.
• Clean and lubricate: Regularly clean the endstop sensors and apply lubrication to moving parts.
• Calibration: Properly calibrate the endstops during initial setup and whenever necessary.
3. Upcoming Models:
• Bambu Lab has been working on expanding its printer lineup.
• While the X1 remains popular, there are hints of an upcoming model called the X1E. This new printer is part of their second-generation lineup and is expected to incorporate novel tech features.
For spare parts and accessories related to the Bambu Lab X1, you can explore their official store
Types of 3D Printer Endstop Sensors
Let’s delve into the world of 3D printer endstop sensors. These sensors play a crucial role in ensuring precise movement and positioning within a 3D printer. Here are some key types of endstops commonly used:
1. Mechanical Endstop Switches:
• These are simple and reliable switches that trigger when a physical object (such as the printer carriage) physically contacts them.
• When the moving part reaches the end of its travel, it presses against the mechanical switch, causing it to close and signal the printer to stop.
• Mechanical endstops are often used for homing (returning the printer to a known starting position) and as safety measures to prevent the printer from crashing into its limits.
• They operate in an inverted way: normally dark (not triggered) and light up when triggered, completing the circuit and applying voltage to the signal line.
2. Optical Endstops:
• Optical endstops use infrared or visible light to detect the presence of an object.
• They consist of an infrared emitter (LED) and a phototransistor (receiver).
• When the moving part interrupts the light beam, the phototransistor detects the change and signals the printer.
• Optical endstops are more precise than mechanical switches and are less susceptible to wear and tear.
• They are commonly used for bed leveling and as limit switches.
3. Magnetic Endstops:
• Magnetic endstops rely on magnets and Hall effect sensors.
• A magnet is attached to the moving part, and the Hall effect sensor detects changes in the magnetic field.
• When the magnet approaches the sensor, it triggers a signal.
• These endstops are durable, non-contact, and immune to dust and debris.
• They are often used in delta printers and other designs where precise positioning is critical.
Remember, the choice of endstop type depends on factors such as accuracy requirements, ease of installation, and the specific printer design. Each type has its advantages and limitations, so it’s essential to choose the one that best suits your 3D printer setup
A limit switch mounted to a metal rod using a pink 3D printed bracket.
IMG Source: all3dp.com
Benefits of 3D Printer Endstops
Let’s explore the benefits of different types of 3D printer endstops:
1. Mechanical Endstops:
• Inexpensive and Simple: Mechanical endstops are popular because they are affordable and easy to use. They connect to the 3D printer motherboard with just two wires.
• Reliable: These endstops provide a reliable way to detect the position of the printer’s moving parts, such as the print head or the bed.
• Limit Switches: Mechanical endstops act as limit switches, ensuring that the printer stops when it reaches the end of an axis.
2. Optical Endstops:
• Non-Contact Sensing: Optical endstops use light sensors to detect the position. They don’t physically touch the moving parts, reducing wear and tear.
• High Precision: Optical endstops offer greater precision compared to mechanical ones. They can detect small movements accurately.
• Less Noise: Since there’s no physical contact, optical endstops produce less noise during operation.
3. Magnetic Endstops:
• Hall Effect Sensors: Magnetic endstops use Hall effect sensors to detect the presence of a magnetic field. When a metal part (such as the print head) gets close, the sensor triggers.
• Durability: These endstops are durable because they don’t have moving parts that can wear out.
• Consistent Performance: Magnetic endstops provide consistent performance even in dusty or dirty environments.
4. Precision and Safety:
• Properly functioning endstops ensure accurate and consistent prints. If an endstop fails, it can lead to print defects or even pose safety hazards.
• Regularly check and maintain your endstops to ensure they are working correctly.
Remember, choosing the right type of endstop depends on your specific printer and requirements. Whether you prioritize cost, precision, or ease of use, understanding the benefits of each type will help you make an informed decision.
A macro photo of a limit switch with a red body and white actuator, and a JST connector attached to the end of the wires.
IMG Source: azurefilm.com
Calibrating 3D Printer Endstops
Calibrating your 3D printer’s endstops is crucial for accurate and consistent prints. Here are some steps to help you calibrate them:
1. Inspect and Fix Wired Connections:
• Check the wiring on the endstop. Ensure that the connections are correct and tightly secured. If any wires are loose, push the endstop connector into the control board.
• Loose connections can lead to endstop malfunctions. For example, if your X-axis endstop isn’t working, verify the connections to resolve the issue.
2. Adjust the Position of the Endstop:
• Properly position the endstop. It should trigger at the right moment during movement.
• For example, if your printer’s nozzle should stop at the minimum position (closest to the bed), ensure the endstop triggers when the nozzle reaches that point.
3. Inspect the Endstop Connectors for Rust or Dirt and Clean:
• Over time, endstop connectors can accumulate rust or dirt. Inspect them and clean if necessary.
• Rusty or dirty connectors can interfere with proper functioning. Use a gentle cleaning method to maintain good contact.
4. Update Your Firmware:
• Ensure your printer’s firmware is up to date. Sometimes endstop issues can be resolved by updating the firmware.
• Check the manufacturer’s website or community forums for firmware updates specific to your printer model.
5. Test Your Endstop for Issues:
• Use software like Pronterface, Repetier Host, or Cura to test the endstop.
• Manually trigger the endstop and observe if it responds correctly. Adjust as needed.
6. Replace the Endstops:
• If all else fails, consider replacing the endstops. Sometimes they wear out or become faulty.
• Purchase compatible endstops and follow the installation instructions.
For more details, you can refer to this article on how to fix 3D printer endstop issues.
This is an image of a 3D printed part with a limit switch attached to it.
IMG Source: all3dp.com
Troubleshooting Endstop Issues with Bambu Lab X1
Let’s address the endstop issues you’re experiencing with your Bambu Lab X1. Here are some steps you can take to troubleshoot:
1. Power Cycle and Reset:
• Turn off the printer using the switch at the back.
• Unplug the power cord from the printer itself.
• With the printer unplugged, turn the switch back on and leave it in the “on” position for a few minutes.
• After that, turn the switch back to the “off” position (this step is crucial) and then plug the printer back in.
2. Clean the Nozzle and Endstops:
• Remove any grease or debris from the endstops.
• Clean the outside of the nozzle and the silicone sock thoroughly.
• Also, check the inside of the nozzle for any clogs or blockages.
3. Regular Maintenance:
• The X1 printer is a complex electromechanical device with various sensors, electronics, actuators, and mechanical parts.
• Regular maintenance can help reduce wear and extend the printer’s lifespan.
• Refer to the Bambu Lab Wiki for detailed maintenance guides.
Remember that consistent maintenance
A close-up of a 3D printers hot end and build surface.
IMG Source: redd.it
In conclusion, the Bambu Lab X1 endstops play a crucial role in the functionality and accuracy of the 3D printer. Understanding the different types of endstops and their benefits can help users optimize their printing processes for exceptional results. By following the calibration steps and troubleshooting tips provided, users can ensure seamless operation of their Bambu Lab X1 and elevate their 3D printing capabilities.
Remember, proper maintenance and attention to detail are key to unlocking the full potential of your Bambu Lab X1 3D printer.
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Montezuma oropendola
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Montezuma oropendola
Psarocolius montezuma -near Rancho Naturalista, Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica-8.jpg
Male at Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica
Montezuma oropendola song and calls, recorded in Heredia Province, Costa Rica
Scientific classification edit
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Icteridae
Genus: Psarocolius
Species:
P. montezuma
Binomial name
Psarocolius montezuma
(Lesson, 1830)
Psarocolius montezuma map.svg
Range of Psarocolius montezuma
Synonyms
Gymnostinops montezuma
The Montezuma Oropendola (Psarocolius montezuma) is a New World tropical icterid bird. It is a resident breeder in the Caribbean coastal lowlands from southeastern Mexico to central Panama, but is absent from El Salvador and southern Guatemala. It also occurs on the Pacific slope of Nicaragua and Honduras and northwestern Costa Rica. It is among the oropendola species sometimes separated in the genus Gymnostinops. The English and scientific names of this species commemorate the Aztec emperor Moctezuma II.
The sexes are very different in size; the male is 50 cm (20 in) long and weighs 520 g (18 oz); the smaller female is 38 cm (15 in) long and weighs 230 g (8.1 oz). In total body mass, the males are 100% bigger than the females, which is a 2:1 body-to-mass ratio and makes the Montezuma oropendola one of the most sexually-dimorphic birds in the world. Webster et al. says that the size difference in males and females is probably directly related to differences in foraging habits. The females often forage on thin branches, eating insects out of curled up leaves, while the males often perch on thick branches and forage in epiphytes and bromeliads.[2]
Webster et al. also found that sexual dimorphism was more obvious in length of the wing and body mass. Male size and body mass is associated with sexual fitness and dominance. Webster et al. observed that males defend sexually-receptive females, suggesting that Montezuma oropendolas have a female-defence mating system. While the females nest, the males fight and fend off one another, and the males were ranked depending on the outcome of each fight. The alpha male eventually pushes out all other males until he is the only one left. When the alpha males leave the others come back and defend females until he returns. This type of mating system is similar to that of polygynous mammals, not birds.[3]
Adult males are mainly chestnut with a blackish head and rump, and a tail which is bright yellow apart from two dark central feathers. There is a bare blue cheek patch and a pink wattle, the iris is brown, and the long bill is black at the base with a red tip. Females are similar, but smaller than males with a smaller wattle. Young birds are duller than adults and have a paler and less demarcated bill. No subspecies are currently recognized.
The "unforgettable"[4] song of the male Montezuma oropendola is given during the bowing display, and consists of a conversational bubbling followed by loud gurgles, tic-tic-glik-glak-GLUUuuuuu. Both sexes have loud cack and crrrk calls. In a recent study by on male Montezuma oropendolas, researchers found that, when at breeding sites, males often changed the lowest peak frequency. When males were singing and their song overlapped, the largest male could out-compete the other males at the colony by changing how loud and how deep his lowest peak frequency was.[5]
Although the chestnut-headed oropendola shares much of this species's range, it is smaller, mainly black with a chestnut head (instead of mainly chestnut with a blackish head), and lacks coloured facial patches, so the two oropendolas are unlikely to be confused.
Hanging nests in farmland near Quesada, Costa Rica
British Honduras stamp featuring a Montezuma oropendola
The Montezuma oropendola is a quite common bird in parts of its range. They are omnivorous and are often seen in small or larger flocks foraging in trees for small vertebrates, large insects, nectar, and fruit, including bananas, Cecropia spikes, gumbo-limbo (Bursera simaruba) and Trophis racemosa (Moraceae).[6] Outside the breeding season, this species is quite mobile, with some seasonal movements.
The Montezuma oropendola inhabits forest canopy, edges and old plantations. It is a colonial breeder and only the females build hanging woven nest of fibres and vines, 60–180 cm (24–71 in) long, in a tree that is up to 30 meters high. Each colony has a dominant male, which mates with most of the females following an elaborate bowing display. The female lays two dark-spotted white or buff eggs, and she incubates them without the male until they hatch in 15 days; the young fledge in 30. While the young are still in their nests they are most often fed spiders and other arthropods, frogs, lizards, and fruits. There are typically about 30 nests in a colony, but up to 172 have been recorded.[7]
Unlike some populations of its relative, the chestnut-headed oropendola, the Montezuma oropendola does not tolerate brood parasites near their nests. Although Montezuma oropendolas do not have many defenses against Cowbirds, when females see a Giant Cowbird near their own nest they actively defend their nest by attacking the Cowbirds and forcing them to leave their colony. Webster et al. found that the females did not drive the cowbirds away until they were approaching their own nests. This study also found that unlike chestnut-headed oropendolas, the Montezuma oropendolas did not nest near social Hymenoptera. Combined with the fact that Montezuma oropendolas do not allow Cowbirds near their nest, they have no defense against botflies. Nest success is fairly low for the Montezuma Oropendola. The females lay an average of two eggs per nest, but only one is fledged and only one third of the nests in the colonies are successful. Because of their relatively low nest success rate, brood parasites are too high of a risk to have around the Montezuma oropendolas nest.[8]
References[edit]
1. ^ BirdLife International (2012). "Psarocolius montezuma". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012. Retrieved 26 November 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
2. ^ Webster, Michael S. (1997). "Extreme Sexual Size Dimorphism, Sexual Selection, and the Foraging Ecology of Montezuma Oropendolas". The Auk. 114 (4): 570–580. doi:10.2307/4089276. JSTOR 4089276.
3. ^ Webster, Michael S. (1994-10-01). "Female-defence polygyny in a Neotropical bird, the Montezuma oropendola". Animal Behaviour. 48 (4): 779–794. doi:10.1006/anbe.1994.1302. ISSN 0003-3472.
4. ^ Howell, Steven N. G. & Webb, Sophie (1995): A Guide to the Birds of Mexico and Northern Central America. Oxford University Press, Oxford & New York. ISBN 0-19-854012-4
5. ^ Price, J. Jordan; Earnshaw, Sarah M.; Webster, Michael S. (2006-04-01). "Montezuma oropendolas modify a component of song constrained by body size during vocal contests". Animal Behaviour. 71 (4): 799–807. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2005.05.025. ISSN 0003-3472.
6. ^ * Foster, Mercedes S. (2007): The potential of fruiting trees to enhance converted habitats for migrating birds in southern Mexico. Bird Conservation International 17(1): 45-61. doi:10.1017/S0959270906000554 PDF fulltext
7. ^ "Montezuma Oropendola - Diet and Foraging | Neotropical Birds Online". neotropical.birds.cornell.edu. Retrieved 2018-04-04.
8. ^ Webster, Michael S. (1994). "Interspecific Brood Parasitism of Montezuma Oropendolas by Giant Cowbirds: Parasitism or Mutualism?". The Condor. 96 (3): 794–798. doi:10.2307/1369483. JSTOR 1369483.
External links[edit] | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:Opus33/Books
This is a partial list of the books I've used in editing on the topics shown.
Haydn
* Geiringer, Karl, in collaboration with Irene Geiringer (3rd ed., 1982) Haydn: A Creative Life in Music.
* Hughes, Rosemary (1950/1970) Haydn. Not reliable for biography (as she herself notes guiltily in a preface to a later edition), but I think her comments on the music are often very helpful.
* Jones, David Wyn (2009) The Life of Haydn.
* Jones, David Wyn, ed. (2009) Oxford Composer Companions: Haydn.
* Robbins Landon, H. C. and David Wyn Jones (1988) Haydn: His Life and Music.
* Webster, James and Georg Feder (2002) The New Grove Haydn.
Mozart
The field of Mozart biography is, I think, a mess. It seems that legend-making and falsification kicked in from the moment Mozart died, and people have enthusiastically leapt in with further legend-making ever since. Only starting in the late 20th century does it seem that hard-headed scholars are making a serious effort to sort it all out. In my own editing since 2004 I've sometimes mistakenly relied on legend-makers and am currently trying to be a bit more savvy.
* Abert, Hermann (2007) W. A. Mozart (updated version, with notes by Cliff Eisen)
* Braunbehrens, Volkmar (1990) Mozart in Vienna
* Deutsch, Otto Erich (1965) Mozart: A Documentary Biography
* Eisen, Cliff and Simon P. Keefe, eds. (2006) The Cambridge Mozart Encyclopedia.
* Halliwell, Ruth (1998) The Mozart Family
* Solomon, Maynard (1995) Mozart: A Life
* Wolff, Christoph (2012) Mozart at the Gateway to his Fortune
Sacred Harp
* Cobb, Buell E. (1982) Sacred Harp: A Tradition and Its Music
* Jackson, George Pullen (1932) White spirituals in the southern uplands.
* Steel, David Warren with Richard Hulan (2010) Makers of The Sacred Harp. This ought to be mined much further.
Historical keyboard instruments
* Hubbard, Frank (1967) Three Centuries of Harpsichord Making.
* Kottick, Edward (2003) A History of the Harpsichord
* Pollens, Stewart (1995) The Early Pianoforte
* Zuckermann, Wolfgang (1969) The Modern Harpsichord
General
* Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
* Rosen, Charles (1997) The Classical Style. New York: Norton.
In cases where I've needed to plug a hole in WP coverage, I've found it especially helpful to visit Google Books (occasionally, Google Scholar), rather than the general Google search engine.
Comments from experts about what sources I ought or ought not to be using are welcome; please visit my Talk page for this purpose. | WIKI |
It is an honorable Thought
It is an honorable Thought And make One lift One's Hat As One met sudden Gentlefolk Upon a daily Street
That We've immortal Place Though Pyramids decay And Kingdoms, like the Orchard Flit Russetly away | WIKI |
Commits
Antoine Pitrou committed aa71d5a
owner() and group() are now methods
• Participants
• Parent commits c62ac19
• Branches pep428
Comments (0)
Files changed (3)
File docs/index.rst
an inordinate amount of time.
+.. method:: Path.group()
+
+ Return the name of the group owning the file. :exc:`KeyError` is thrown
+ if the file's gid isn't found in the system database.
+
+
.. method:: Path.is_dir()
Return True if the path points to a directory (or a symbolic link
'#!/usr/bin/env python3\n'
+.. method:: Path.owner()
+
+ Return the name of the user owning the file. :exc:`KeyError` is thrown
+ if the file's uid isn't found in the system database.
+
+
.. method:: Path.rename(target)
Rename this file or directory to the given *target*. *target* can be
Remove this file or symbolic link. If the path points to a directory,
use :func:`Path.rmdir` instead.
-
-.. _st_attrs:
-
-Attributes
-^^^^^^^^^^
-
-Concrete paths provide the following attributes:
-
-.. data::
- Path.owner
- Path.group
-
- The owner name and group name of the file, respectively. :exc:`KeyError`
- is thrown if the file's uid or gid isn't found in the system database.
-
"""
return self._accessor.stat(self)
- @property
def owner(self):
"""
Return the login name of the file owner.
import pwd
return pwd.getpwuid(self.stat().st_uid).pw_name
- @property
def group(self):
"""
Return the group name of the file gid.
File test_pathlib.py
p = self.cls(BASE) / 'fileA'
uid = p.stat().st_uid
name = pwd.getpwuid(uid).pw_name
- self.assertEqual(name, p.owner)
+ self.assertEqual(name, p.owner())
@unittest.skipUnless(grp, "the grp module is needed for this test")
def test_group(self):
p = self.cls(BASE) / 'fileA'
gid = p.stat().st_gid
name = grp.getgrgid(gid).gr_name
- self.assertEqual(name, p.group)
+ self.assertEqual(name, p.group())
def test_unlink(self):
p = self.cls(BASE) / 'fileA' | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
How to Calculate 30 KW to Amps
••• nd3000/iStock/GettyImages
Kilowatts and amps are both different types of measurements in an electrical circuit. In order to convert kilowatts to amps, figure out the voltage in the circuit first The voltage is from the power source, such as a 12-volt battery. Use the formula of 30 kilowatts divided by the number of volts, then multiplying the result by 1000 to get the number of amps available in the circuit.
Find the number of volts on the battery source. For example, assume you have a 12-volt battery.
Divide 30 watts by the amount of volts in the circuit. In the example, 30 watts divided by 12-volts equals 2.5
Multiply the result in Step 2 by 1000. In the example, 2.5 times 1,000 equals 2,500 amps.
References
About the Author
Carter McBride started writing in 2007 with CMBA's IP section. He has written for Bureau of National Affairs, Inc and various websites. He received a CALI Award for The Actual Impact of MasterCard's Initial Public Offering in 2008. McBride is an attorney with a Juris Doctor from Case Western Reserve University and a Master of Science in accounting from the University of Connecticut.
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Lofi hip hop
Lofi hip hop is a form of downtempo music that combines elements of hip hop and chill-out music. It was popularized in the 2010s on YouTube.
Origins
Lo-fi hip-hop originated within the underground beatmaking hip-hop scene of the 2000s, particularly after the advent of Roland SP-303 and Roland SP-404 samplers, each of which featured the "lo-fi" effect as a separate button. Vice contributor Luke Winkie suggested that "if there is one shared touchstone for lo-fi hip-hop, it's probably [the 2004 MF Doom and Madlib album] Madvillainy".
The Japanese artist Nujabes, often called the "godfather of lofi hip hop", is also credited with driving lofi's growth with his contributions to the soundtrack for the popular anime Samurai Champloo. Another artist also often associated with the development of lofi is US rapper and producer J Dilla.
Emergence and popularity
In 2013, YouTube began hosting live streams, which resulted in 24-hour "radio stations" dedicated to microgenres such as vaporwave. Compilation videos are also popular, combining the music with visuals that could take the form of recorded pedestrian walks through major cities like Tokyo, looping visuals from cartoons such as The Simpsons or Internet memes. Spotify added to the popular "lo-fi beats" wave by generating "Spotified genres", including "Chill Hits", "Bedroom Pop" playlists, and promoting numerous "chill pop" artists.
In 2015, a form of downtempo music tagged as "chillhop" or "lo-fi hip hop" became popular among YouTube music streamers. Most, if not all, of the content used in YouTube videos was primarily published on SoundCloud. By 2018, several of these channels had millions of followers. One DJ, Ryan Celsius, theorized that they were inspired by a nostalgia for the commercial bumpers used by Toonami and Adult Swim in the 2000s, and that this "created a cross section of people that enjoyed both anime and wavy hip-hop beats". These channels equally functioned as chatrooms, with participants often discussing their personal struggles. By 2018, Spotify's "Chill Hits" playlist had 5.4 million listeners and had been growing rapidly.
Winkie credited YouTube user Lofi Girl (formerly known as "ChilledCow") as "the person who first featured a studious anime girl as his calling card, which set up the aesthetic framework for the rest of the people operating in the genre".
Viewership of lo-fi hip hop streams grew significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic. In April 2020, MTV News noted, "there might be something to be said for lo-fi hip-hop's composition, and the way its creators mix simplistic melodies with a judicious use of words to create intense memories, feelings, and nostalgia" and stated that the quarantine in place in various countries "has led people to log more hours online due to boredom or virtual workplaces and schools, and livestreamed music performances are reaching their full potential". | WIKI |
Article
Flow cytometric and image analyses of colorectal adenocarcinomas. A comparative study with clinical correlations.
Department of Anatomic Pathology, Lahey Clinic Medical Center, Burlington, Massachusetts 01805.
American Journal of Clinical Pathology (Impact Factor: 3.01). 03/1993; 99(2):187-94.
Source: PubMed
ABSTRACT Quantitative DNA measurements were performed in 183 colorectal carcinomas by image and flow cytometric analyses of paraffin-embedded tissue. Flow cytometric analysis yielded more diploid tumors compared with image analysis, which identified more tetraploid tumors. Histogram patterns were concordant in 115 tumors (66%); the discordant cases were primarily tumors interpreted as diploid by flow cytometric analysis but were aneuploid or tetraploid by image analysis. Linear regression analysis of DNA indices of concordant samples showed good correlation but only moderate correlation for the entire group. Both techniques revealed more aneuploid tumors in the distal colon and rectum than in the proximal colon. Diploid tumors were associated with a better prognosis; however, tetraploid tumors behaved like aneuploid tumors by flow cytometric analysis but like diploid tumors by image analysis. When stratified by stage, the prognostic value of diploid tumors was seen in stages A and B disease by image analysis only and in stage C disease by flow cytometric analysis only, possibly because of the small cohort size. The S-phase fraction (mean value, 16.8% +/- 9.9%) was higher in aneuploid than in diploid tumors, but no relationship to prognosis was seen. Flow cytometric and image analyses are useful to study ploidy of colorectal carcinoma from archival material. However, important discordant observations reflecting differences in characteristics of the two techniques should be considered, depending on which technique is used.
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ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND The prognostic value of flow cytometric DNA ploidy in colorectal carcinoma has not been defined clearly. Most previous studies were conducted retrospectively using archival formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tumor samples. Conversely, few data on prospective studies employing fresh or frozen tissue specimens are available. There is general agreement that fresh/frozen material is more reliable than paraffin embedded tissue for DNA ploidy analysis by flow cytometry.METHODS In the current investigation we evaluated the prognostic significance of nuclear DNA content in a prospective series of 191 patients with curatively resected TNM Stage II (n = 107) or Stage III (n = 84) sporadic colon carcinomas. DNA ploidy status was assessed by flow cytometry utilizing multiple frozen tumor samples. Mean follow-up in surviving patients was 48.5 months (median, 46.9 months; range, 29-77 months). The Cox proportional hazards model was used to adjust for several clinical and pathologic covariates.RESULTSOf the 191 carcinomas examined, 47 (24.6%) were classified as DNA diploid and 144 (75.4%) as DNA aneuploid. DNA ploidy pattern was significantly related to tumor site (P < 0.0001), histologic type (P = 0.0002), and grade of differentiation (P = 0.009), but not to other clinical and pathologic variables. Patients with DNA diploid tumors showed a better disease free (P = 0.013) and overall survival (P = 0.021) than patients with DNA aneuploid adenocarcinomas. In particular, patients with Stage II DNA diploid tumors (n = 30) had an excellent clinical outcome, with an overall 5-year survival rate of 97%. When patients were analyzed according to the anatomic site of the tumor, a significant relationship between DNA ploidy status and disease free and overall survival was observed in the group of patients with carcinomas of the proximal colon (n = 84) (P = 0.004 and P = 0.002, respectively), but not among patients whose tumors were sited distally to the splenic flexure (n = 107). In multivariate analysis, nuclear DNA content was demonstrated to be an independent prognostic variable for both disease free and overall survival. Furthermore, in the group of patients with tumors of the proximal colon, DNA ploidy pattern was the single most important prognostic factor.CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm that flow cytometric DNA ploidy status is a significant and independent prognostic factor in patients with colon carcinoma. These findings may have clinical implications for the management of affected patients, especially those with Stage II disease. Cancer 1998;82:49-59. © 1998 American Cancer Society.
Cancer 10/2000; 82(1):49 - 59. · 5.20 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Background and Objectives Parameters that allow prediction of the disease course in colorectal cancer would aid the development of improved treatment strategies. For this reason, we evaluated the prognostic value of flow cytometric DNA ploidy and S-phase fraction (SPF) and P-glycoprotein (Pgp) expression in this type of tumor.Methods The prognostic significance of DNA ploidy, SPF, and Pgp expression on paraffin-embedded sections from 107 patients with colorectal carcinoma was determined. The mean follow-up was 36.6 months (range = 3–72 months). DNA ploidy and SPF were evaluated by flow cytometry and Pgp by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibody C219. The Cox regression model was used to adjust for several clinical and pathologic covariates.ResultsOf the 107 carcinomas examined, 44 (41.1%) were classified as DNA diploid and 63 (58.9%) as DNA aneuploid. DNA ploidy pattern was significantly related to tumor site (P = 0.010), tumor stage (P = 0.016), and vascular invasion (P = 0.015) but not to other clinicopathologic variables. Patients with DNA diploid tumors showed a better survival rate than did those with aneuploid tumors. After stage IV disease was excluded, patients with diploid tumors also presented a better disease-free and overall survival than did patients with aneuploid tumors. Mean SPF of the whole series was 13.5% (median = 11.3%, range = 1.4%–29.9%). Aneuploid tumors had a higher median SPF than did diploid tumors (17 vs. 6.2; P = 0.0001). SPF was only related significantly with tumor location (P = 0.026). In the multivariate analysis, SPF was a significant independent prognostic factor for overall survival (P = 0.01). When stage IV was excluded, SPF was also an independent prognostic variable for both disease-free (P = 0.02) and overall (P = 0.01) survival. Of 107 tumors, 61 (57%) were positive for Pgp expression, but no relation was found between this and other clinicopathologic parameters. Pgp expression had no influence on survival.Conclusions Our results suggest that flow cytometric DNA ploidy and SPF are significant and independent prognostic factors in patients with colorectal carcinoma, whereas Pgp expression is not. J. Surg. Oncol. 1999;72:167–174. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Journal of Surgical Oncology 11/1999; 72(3):167 - 174. · 2.84 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Molar enthalpies of sublimation of 1,2,4-, 1,2,3-, and 1,3,5-tri-hydroxy-benzene, were obtained from the temperature dependence of the vapor pressure measured by the transpiration method. The molar enthalpies of fusion and molar heat capacities of these compounds were measured by DSC. The measured data sets of vaporization, sublimation and fusion enthalpies were checked for internal consistency. Strength of the inter- and intra-molecular hydrogen bonding in di- and tri-hydroxy-benzenes have been assessed.
Thermochimica Acta 06/2004; 415:35-42. · 2.11 Impact Factor | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
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okay so this IP was blocked because there were people trying to vandalize wikipedia from that IP address | WIKI |
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