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-- GlaxoSmithKline to Reconsider Price for Stake in Nigerian Unit
GlaxoSmithKline Plc (GSK) , the U.K.’s
biggest drug-maker, will consult Nigerian shareholders and that
country’s regulator before making a fresh bid to increase its
stake in the local unit. The company, which is at the center of a bribery and
corruption probe in China , withdrew a plan yesterday “after the
parties did not conclude on where to pitch the price,”
GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Nigeria Plc (GLAXOSMI) Chairman Olusegun Osunkeye
told reporters in Lagos, the commercial capital, today. “Glaxo
will consult with Nigerian shareholders and regulator to come
back with acceptable plan.” Glaxo agreed with its Nigerian unit in November to raise
its stake to 75% from 46.4% at 48 naira a share. Nigerian
shareholders want it to pay the prevailing market price “and
will resist any attempt to obtain their shares at an unfair
price or by force,” Godwin Anono, the president of Standard
Shareholders Association of Nigeria , which represents minority
shareholders, told a meeting. Glaxo Nigeria gained for a second day, adding 2.6 percent
to 60 naira at the close on the local exchange. The stock has
surged 33 percent this year, in line with a 35 percent gain for
the Nigerian Stock Exchange All-Share Index. (NGSEINDX) “We understand the difference in the stock price today
from what it was when the offer was made and will consider
appropriate amendments to the initial offer,” Osunkeye said. To contact the reporter on this story:
Emele Onu in Lagos at
eonu1@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Vernon Wessels at
vwessels@bloomberg.net | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
John Dillon
John Dillon (4 September 1851 – 4 August 1927) was an Irish politician from Dublin, who served as a Member of Parliament (MP) for over 35 years and was the last leader of the Irish Parliamentary Party. By political disposition, Dillon was an advocate of Irish nationalism, originally a follower of Charles Stewart Parnell, supporting land reform and Irish Home Rule.
Early life
John Dillon was born in Blackrock, Dublin, a son of the former "Young Irelander" John Blake Dillon (1814–1866). Following the premature death of both his parents, he was partly raised by his father's niece, Anne Deane. He was educated at Catholic University School, at Trinity College Dublin and at the Catholic University of Louvain in Belgium. He afterwards studied medicine at the Royal College of Surgeons in Dublin, then ceased active involvement in medicine after he joined Isaac Butt's Home Rule League in 1873, winning notice in 1879 when he attacked Butt's weak parliamentary handling of Irish Home Rule. His family's financial means enabled him to turn and devote all his energies to political life.
He became a leading land reform agitator as a member of the original committee of the Irish National Land League, spearheading the policy of "boycotting" advocated by Michael Davitt with whom he was allied in close friendship. He entered the Parliament of the United Kingdom in 1880 as member for County Tipperary, and was at first an ardent supporter of Charles Stewart Parnell. He travelled to the United States with Parnell on a fund-raising mission for the Land League. On his return, he denounced William Ewart Gladstone's Land Law (Ireland) Act 1881 as achieving nothing for small farmers. His views on agrarian reform and on Home Rule led him to be branded an extremist, which resulted in his arrest from May until August 1881 under the Irish Coercion Act.
Radical reformer
Again imprisoned for agitation in October 1881 together with Parnell, William O'Brien and others in Kilmainham Gaol, he signed the No Rent Manifesto in solidarity although not fully in agreement with it. Parnell sought to end the Land War by agreeing to the Kilmainham Treaty after which they were released from prison in May 1882. Shortly afterwards they received the freedom of the city of Dublin. Unhappy with Parnell's "New Departure" and because his health had suffered, he resigned his seat in Parliament on 6 March 1883, and retired from politics to Colorado in America where his brother lived. Returning in 1885, Parnell nominated him as the Irish Parliamentary Party candidate for East Mayo in the general election in November 1885, where he was returned unopposed. He represented the constituency without a break until 1918.
He was one of the prime movers in the Irish Land League's famous Plan of Campaign instigated by Timothy Healy and organised by Timothy Harrington, which provided, that in the case of excessive rents the tenant should pay his rent to the Land League instead of the landlord, and in case of eviction be supported by the general fund. Dillon was compelled by the Court of Queens Bench in December 1886 to find securities for good behaviour, but two days later he was arrested while receiving rents on Lord Clanricarde's estate at Portumna, County Galway. In this instance, the jury disagreed, but in April 1887 he was again imprisoned under Coercion and upon release, he resumed agrarian agitation with a speech during a demonstration in September where O'Brien was on trial in Mitchelstown during which the crowd threw stones at the police who then shot three civilians, known as the "Mitchelstown massacre". When in 1888 he defended Munster farmers he was again imprisoned for six months under the provisions of the new Criminal Law Procedure Bill, or Coercion Act. In all he was imprisoned six times.
Anti-Parnellite course
He was released in September, and in the spring of 1889 sailed for Australia and New Zealand, where he collected funds for the Nationalist party. On his return to Ireland he was again arrested, but, being allowed bail, sailed to America, and failed to appear at the trial. He returned to Ireland by way of Boulogne, where he and William O'Brien held long and indecisive discussions with Parnell after his divorce crisis over his continued leadership of the Irish Parliamentary Party. When these broke down they surrendered to the police in February, and were interned in Galway gaol from where they were released in July 1890.
Both he and O'Brien had become increasingly perturbed with the tenor of Irish politics as epitomised by Timothy Healy. After Parnell's divorce case, the leader refused to step down and the party split. Dillon was one of his strongest opponents and joined the majority anti-Parnellite block, the Irish National Federation (INF), with Justin McCarthy becoming its leader. John Redmond led the minority pro-Parnellite Irish National League (INL) after Parnell's death later in 1891. When the Liberals reclaimed office in 1892 Dillon took part in the negotiations on the second Home Rule Bill, the Irish Government Bill 1893, which was rejected by the House of Lords. Although he never lost sight of home rule or the land question, particularly the evicted tenants, he now concentrated on the day-to-day running of the INF as deputy chairman.
Party manoeuvrings
When home rule became postponed after the Conservative Party returned to power in 1895, Dillon took the opportunity to expel Healy from his influence in the party. He also opposed Horace Plunkett in his attempts to bring Unionists and Nationalists together, and his efforts to help small farmers through his cooperative movement. In November Dillon married Elizabeth Mathew at the Brompton Oratory who bore him six children. In February 1896 he took over as chairman of the INF on McCarthy's resignation. That autumn he arranged a convention of the Irish race, which included 2,000 delegates from various parts of the world. In 1897 Dillon opposed in the House of Commons the Address to Queen Victoria on the occasion of the Diamond Jubilee, on the ground that her reign had not been a blessing to Ireland, and he showed the same uncompromising attitude in 1901 when a grant to Lord Roberts was under discussion, accusing him of systematised inhumanity. He was suspended on 20 March 1902 for violent language addressed to Joseph Chamberlain, calling the then Colonial Secretary a "damned liar".
Dillon was present in January 1898 when William O'Brien launched his "United Ireland League" (UIL) from an agrarian platform in Ballina, County Mayo. Though helping to establish its constitution Dillon was very ambivalent about this new association, marking the first strains in the O'Brien-Dillon relationship. The year was also eventful with the attainment of the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898 which put the administration of local affairs into Irish hands, not at all favoured by Dillon before attaining full Home Rule. O'Brien's UIL spread rapidly, forcing the divided factions, the INL and the INF, of the Irish Parliamentary Party to reunite under Redmond in 1900, with Dillon as deputy Party leader. He faithfully supported Redmond in the following years.
Conciliation unthinkable
Dillon played a decisive role in opposing O'Brien's "doctrine of conciliation" in Irish politics, especially during the 1902 Land Conference and after O'Brien won the subsequent Wyndham Land Purchase (Ireland) Act 1903. O'Brien was viciously attacked by Dillon, who bore an instinctive dislike of negotiations with landlords, unwilling to accommodate the landlord class, he never shed his mistrust of dialogue with Unionists. His theory was that agrarian unrest better favoured achieving Home Rule by putting relentless pressure on landlords and the government. His attacks and those of the party's Freeman's Journal alienated O'Brien who left the Party in November 1903. O'Brien's engagement during 1904–5 with the Irish Reform Association and his appraising of the 1907 Irish Council Bill were equally condemned by Dillon who despised all dealings with the "hereditary enemy". The ensuing breach never healed. Dillon subsequently gained control of the UIL through his protégé, its new secretary Joseph Devlin, MP for Belfast West, with whom Dillon always maintained a close alliance.
With the UIL and the IPP practically fused into a single body, Dillon later had MP members associated with O'Brien's policy of conciliation, amongst them Thomas O'Donnell and D. D. Sheehan, expelled as "factionists" from the party. The Home Rule Movement, influenced very greatly by Dillon, reverted to a narrow traditional stand, which opposed any chance of an inclusive nationalism and failed to include new interests within Catholic society. His Home Rule Movement was largely a confessional ethnic body, sustained largely by the Ancient Order of Hibernians, an exclusively Catholic and secret fraternity, largely under the control of his close associate Joe Devlin. Dillion's Home Rule Movement was characterised by permanent class war and did not facilitate the working of the Wyndham Land Act; conflict above victory.
Dillon suffered occasional health incapacities causing irregular attendance at Westminster, particularly when his wife died in 1907 though after the Liberals returned to power in 1906, he was more often consulted. Between 1910 and 1914 the Irish Home Rule question re-emerged, introduced by Prime Minister H. H. Asquith. In his approach to Irish self-government under Home Rule took a more uncompromising stand than Redmond's, who during the Ulster crisis of 1913 was prepared to concede a large measure of local autonomy to Ulster. On 15 and 16 January Dillon spent lunch at the Commons with one of his closest supporters, Guardian editor, C. P. Scott, and ardent home ruler, he urged the Irish leader to lobby the new Labour MPs. It was unthinkable for Dillon, who put the integrity of Ireland foremost: he poured scorn on Edward Carson's Ulster Unionist Party and their Ulster Volunteers' threat of civil war as being a gigantic bluff. Scott courted Dillon's opinion most assiduously at the Bath Club and his Manchester home in favour of "gradual strengthening of the military force in Ulster", without support the police might "cave in altogether". "Incredibly weak" Dillon was unable to prevent Carson's amendments to Crewe's Home Rule bill. Likewise Dillon condemned O'Brien's new All-for-Ireland League's proposals for concessions to Ulster as encouraging their demands. He remained inflexible at various meetings, including the Buckingham Palace Conference's endeavour to settle the problem of Ulster. He agreed only reluctantly to Redmond conceding to six counties temporarily opting out of the Home Rule Act 1914, which in September received Royal Assent but was suspended for the duration of World War I.
Dillon was a strong opponent of giving women the vote, telling a group of women that "women's suffrage will I believe, be the ruin of our western civilisation. It will destroy the home, challenging the headship of man, laid down by God. It may come in your time - I hope not in mine."
Uncompromising stand for peace
With the outbreak of the Great War Dillon accepted Redmond's decision to follow Britain's support of the Allied war effort, but he abstained from recruiting for the Irish divisions. The 1916 Rising took the Irish Party by surprise. He intervened with David Lloyd George to halt the 90 sentences of execution pronounced by "field court-martial" (in camera without defence or jury) under martial law by General Maxwell after he declared the rebellion "treason in time of war". He told Scott his party must support Conscription or lose the election. But on 10 January, they did just that "to make their protest" with Lib-Lab assistance. Dillon insisted that if they went ahead they would "fill the whole country" with the same type of radicals, as opposed to imprisonment. This would leave the radicals with as many supporters as could "fit in a single gaol cell". He attacked the Government in the House of Commons and declared that the rebels were "wrong", but had fought "a clean fight". Intervention to halt the executions after the 15th; an unbridgeable chasm in Anglo-Irish relations. The secret trials and executions had changed public opinion into sympathy for the rebels. He was involved in May 1916 with Lloyd George's futile attempt to implement Home Rule after the Rising, which failed in July on the issue of the exclusion or not of Ulster. He declined a nomination to the Irish Convention on Home Rule in 1917.
After Redmond's death on 6 March 1918, Dillon returned to Ireland to take up the party leadership. When the allied armies on the Western Front were hit and thrown into a temporary severe retreat by the German spring offensive, which decimated the 10th and 16th Irish divisions, the Government attempted a month later in panic to extend conscription to Ireland, which Dillon opposed with tenacity, and in protest withdrew all Irish Members from the House of Commons. The attempt to impose conscription jointly linked with implementing Home Rule disgusted the wider Irish public and resulted in an immediate swing of support to Sinn Féin which precipitated their election landslide after the war.
Dillon attempted to persuade the Government in July 1918 to implement Irish self-government by introducing a motion for self-determination in the Commons. He made clear in September that the goal of Home Rule could only be "the establishment of national self-government, including full and complete executive, legislative and fiscal power", and that national solidarity was essential. But he completely underestimated the need to offer provisions for Ulster concerns, a fatal misjudgement shared by most Nationalists and Republicans alike.
It was left to Dillon to fight a last campaign in the general election of December 1918. After a failure to reach a pact with Sinn Féin, his party was swept into oblivion. He was defeated in East Mayo by Éamon de Valera's 8,975 votes to his 4,514. Retiring from politics, Dillon was not spared witnessing the violent epoch of the Anglo-Irish War, the implementation of Home Rule in Northern Ireland, the ensuing Partition of Ireland endorsed by the Irish Free State and the resulting Irish Civil War.
Family background
He got married in 1895 to Elizabeth, daughter of Lord Justice J. C. Mathew, who bore him six children. Tall and slim he cut an imposing figure, his personal reputation hampered at times by a pessimistic and gloomy nature as well as conservative views on labour and women. He died in a London nursing home at the age of 76, on 4 August 1927, and was buried four days later in Glasnevin cemetery, Dublin. There is a street named after him in Dublin's Liberties, beside the old Iveagh Market.
One of his six children was James Mathew Dillon (1902–1986), a prominent Irish politician and leader of the National Centre Party and of Fine Gael (1957–1966), also Minister for Agriculture.
Commemoration
John Dillon Street in Dublin city is named after him. | WIKI |
rfc:php-namespace-in-core
This is an old revision of the document!
PHP RFC: PHP Namespace in core
Introduction
The PHP project has reserved the right to use the \PHP namespace but has never acted upon starting to use it. We therefore propose that core symbols which cannot be unbundled such as those related to the language/parser/interpreter must use \PHP namespace.
This would provide a way to reduce the usage of the global namespace as “PHP”'s namespace and also provide a way to fix some fundamental misnaming.
This is not a concrete proposal on how to structure the namespace or a proposal on realiasing classes to use the \PHP namespace. This is only an agreement that core classes or newly introduced symbols which are tightly coupled to the PHP engine must start using the \PHP namespace, e.g. for type prefixes.
Features which could benefit from the PHP namespace
As these sort of symbols are tied to the engine there is no risk that they will get unbundled from PHP core and moved to PECL. We note this as we are aware that if a non core extension would use the \PHP namespace and gets unbundled and moved to PECL we would find ourselves in a situation where symbols under the \PHP namespace are not always available in PHP.
A small toy-example
Currently debug_backtrace() produces and array of arrays. An object oriented API could introduce the Frame class to hold details about each frame in the backtrace. As this would be an internal API using the \PHP namespace this signals clear ownership and possibly limit the BC breaks for users which don't use the namespace feature of PHP.
A chance to clean up poor design/naming decisions
Currently within the Reflection extension we have the following classes ReflectionType and ReflectionNamedType however their purpose isn't exactly to present a type.
From PHP's type system perspective, a class is a type. Therefore, ReflectionClass not extending from ReflectionType could be seen as questionable. Thus the ReflectionType class acts more as a type constraint and renaming it to ReflectionTypeConstraint may be a good way to clarify it's concern.
This RFC could allow us to redesign, with the benefit of hindsight, some of the core APIs provided by PHP.
Continuing from the previous example we could alias ReflectionType to the more accurate PHP\ReflectionTypeConstraint class name, and possibly in the future introduce PHP\ReflectionType as the top reflector for all kinds of types which may be introduced in the future, e.g. Enums, Generics, etc.
Another infamous example would be some of the data structures provides by the SPL extension. Indeed as SplQueue extends SplDoublyLinkedList this means that SplQueue inherits the push() and pop() methods from SplDoublyLinkedList meaning that if you decide to use these functions instead of the designated enqueue() and dequeue() methods you get something which behave like a stack instead of a queue.
Although some of these concerns may be fixed with the introduction of the Language evolution RFC as this aspect of the proposal is a redesign once, live with it's imperfection forever. We still believe this may have some valid use cases which are not easily achieved with the fore-mentioned RFC.
Proposal
New features or symbols which are tightly coupled to the internals/engine of the PHP interpreter must use the \PHP namespace starting from PHP 8.
Backward Incompatible Changes
No backwards incompatible changes as only new classes/symbols would be introduces under the \PHP namespace.
Proposed PHP Version
PHP 8.0.
Proposed Voting Choices
The vote is a straight Yes/No vote requiring a 2/3 majority to accept the RFC.
Patches and Tests
This RFC doesn't provide any changes.
Changelog
1.0.0: Initial version
1.1.0: New features must use the PHP engine, before this was merely a suggestion
rfc/php-namespace-in-core.1586983053.txt.gz · Last modified: 2020/04/15 20:37 by girgias
| ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
SIGNS AND SYMPTONS OF LIVER CANCER
Symptoms do not necesserily mean you have cancer
However, most liver cancer patients experience signs or symptoms such as the following:
• Loss of weight (without trying)
• Loss of appetite
• A feeling of being very full (even after a small meal)
• Nausea or vomiting
• Swelling under the ribs on the right side (enlarged liver)
• Swelling under the ribs on the left side (enlarged spleen)
• Swelling or buildup of fluid in the abdomen
• Pain in the abdomen or near the right shoulder blade
• Itching or yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice)
Liver cancer can cause other symptoms, too
These include fever, enlarged veins on the belly that can be seen through the skin, and abnormal bruising or bleeding.
Methods to diagnose liver cancer
AFP Blood Exam
The AFP blood test checks for high levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), which can indicate the presence of liver cancer. It is not a perfect diagnostic method. Some people with early HCC may have normal levels of AFP, while others who have high levels of AFP do not have HCC.([FOOTNOTE=American Cancer Society. Liver Cancer. Updated April 28, 2016. http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/cid/documents/webcontent/003114-pdf.pdf Accessed December 21, 2016.],[ANCHOR=],[LINK=])
Computed Tomography (CT)
CT delivers radiation (like an x-ray) to take a series of images of your body from different angles. The CT scan requires that you lie still on a flat table. During the scan, the table slides back and forth inside the doughnut-shaped opening of the scanner. When the CT scan is done, the doctor will biopsy the abnormal tissue to make a diagnosis.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
MRI uses magnets and radio waves to make images of soft tissues wherein location makes them harder to detect by other methods. An MRI scan requires that you lie still in a tubular, enclosed space. If you have a pacemaker or other metallic implant, check beforehand if you can have an MRI and at what strength. Once the MRI scan is done, the doctor will biopsy the abnormal tissue to make a diagnosis.
Ultrasound
Ultrasound produces sound waves to create images of soft tissues. It can help the doctor tell if an abnormal tissue is a tumor or a cyst filled with fluid. Ultrasound images are not as detailed as those produced by computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The doctor can do an ultrasound exam quickly without exposing you to radiation. Once the exam is completed, the doctor will biopsy the abnormal tissue to make a diagnosis.
Click on the sections below to learn more
How Liver Works
How Liver Cancer Attacks
Symptoms & Diagnosis of Liver Cancer
Liver Cancer Treatment | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Welcome to our blog post on “Best Stories in English for Class 9th”! In this post, we have compiled a list of some of the most engaging and thought-provoking stories that are perfect for students in Class 9th. These stories have been chosen for their ability to capture the imagination and encourage critical thinking. From classic literature to contemporary works, these stories are sure to spark a love of literature in your students. So, sit back, relax, and enjoy the journey of reading some of the best stories in English for Class 9th.
List of best Stories in English for Class 9th
1. An Angel and the Woodcutter
There was a kind-hearted woodcutter named Jack who lived in a small village. He was known for his generosity and willingness to help others, always going out of his way to lend a hand to those in need.
One day, while out in the forest chopping wood, Jack came across a beautiful angel who had fallen from the sky. She was injured and in need of help. Without hesitation, Jack scooped the angel up in his arms and carried her back to his cottage.
He tended to her wounds and nursed her back to health. As the days passed, the angel and Jack grew closer, and she revealed to him that she was sent to Earth as a reward for his good deeds. She told him that he was to be given three wishes, and whatever he asked for, would be granted.
Jack thought long and hard about his wishes. He knew that he could ask for anything he wanted, but he wanted to make sure that his wishes would be used to help others. Finally, he made his first wish. He wished for enough food to feed the entire village, so that no one would ever go hungry again.
His second wish was for a well in the village, so that everyone would have access to clean water. And for his third and final wish, he wished for a school to be built in the village, so that all the children could have an education.
The angel granted his wishes and the village was forever changed for the better. From that day on, the villagers looked up to Jack as a hero, and he was remembered for his selflessness and kindness. The angel returned to the heavens, but not before bestowing a final blessing upon Jack, ensuring that he would always be remembered for his good deeds.
From that day on, Jack lived a peaceful and contented life, knowing that he had made a difference in the lives of those around him. And the villagers lived happily ever after, thanks to the angel and the woodcutter.
2. The Bear and the Two Friends
Once upon a time, in a dense forest lived a big and fierce bear. He was feared by all the animals in the forest, as he was known to attack and eat anyone who dared to cross his path. However, one day, the bear met two friends – a fox and a rabbit. They were wandering in the forest, looking for food and shelter.
The bear was surprised to see the two friends, as they were small and weak, unlike the other animals he had met before. But instead of attacking them, he decided to talk to them. The fox and rabbit were also surprised to see the bear, but they were not afraid. They told the bear that they were looking for a place to live, and that they had heard that the forest was a safe place.
The bear listened to the two friends and felt a sense of compassion for them. He realized that he had been living alone for a long time and that he had been misunderstood. He then offered to help the two friends and showed them a cave that would be perfect for them to live in. The fox and rabbit gratefully accepted the offer and moved into the cave.
From then on, the three of them lived together in harmony. The bear taught the fox and rabbit how to hunt for food and how to protect themselves from other animals. The fox and rabbit, in turn, taught the bear how to be more social and how to make friends. They all became good friends and enjoyed each other’s company.
Years went by, and the bear and his two friends became the most respected animals in the forest. They were known for their kindness, generosity, and strength. The other animals would come to them for help, and they would always be there to assist.
The bear realized that true strength is not just in having power over others, but in being able to help and protect those weaker than oneself. He had learned that true friends are those who accept you for who you are and help you to become a better person. And the fox and the rabbit learned that true friends can come from unexpected places and that even the biggest and most feared creature can have a kind heart.
The three of them lived happily ever after in the forest, and their friendship was an inspiration to all the animals around them.
3. The King and the Spider
There was a powerful king who ruled over a vast kingdom. He was a just and fair ruler, beloved by his subjects. But one day, while out on a hunt, the king came across a small spider spinning its web in a corner of the forest. The spider’s web was so delicate and intricate that the king was intrigued, and he stopped to watch the spider work.
As he watched, the king noticed that the spider was struggling to spin its web. It kept getting tangled and having to start over again. The king felt sorry for the little spider and decided to help it. He used his own hunting knife to carefully cut away the tangles and helped the spider spin its web.
The spider was grateful for the king’s help and thanked him by weaving a beautiful golden web. The king was amazed by the spider’s skill and thanked the spider for the gift. He took the web with him back to the palace and had it hung in his throne room as a reminder of the day he helped a small creature in need.
From that day forward, the king’s kingdom prospered and his people were happy. And the king always remembered the lesson he learned from the spider: that no matter how great or powerful one may be, it is important to always help those in need and be kind to all creatures.
The Foolish Stag
Once upon a time, in a dense forest, there lived a stag who was known for his foolishness. He would often make decisions without thinking them through and would end up in trouble.
One day, while grazing in a meadow, the stag saw a lion approaching. In a panic, he ran towards the nearest tree and tried to climb it. However, being a deer, he was not built for climbing and fell to the ground. The lion, seeing the stag’s foolish attempt, laughed and walked away.
Feeling embarrassed and foolish, the stag decided that he needed to change his ways. He began to think before acting and to pay attention to his surroundings. He also started to learn from the other animals in the forest.
Years passed, and the stag grew wise and respected by all the creatures of the forest. One day, a group of hunters entered the forest to hunt for deer. The wise stag warned the other animals to hide and be quiet. Thanks to his wisdom, the hunters left empty handed.
The foolish stag learned his lesson and lived the rest of his days as a wise and respected member of the forest community.
Moral of the story: Wisdom is the key to survival. It is never too late to change and become a better person.
A farmer and his Sons
Once upon a time, there was a farmer named John who lived in a small village with his two sons, Jack and Jill. John was a hardworking man who had dedicated his life to the farm. He loved nothing more than to work the land and watch his crops grow.
One day, John fell ill and knew that he wouldn’t be able to work the farm for much longer. He called his two sons to his bedside and told them that they would have to take over the farm when he was gone. Jack and Jill were both sad to hear this news, but they promised their father that they would take care of the farm and make him proud.
After John passed away, Jack and Jill took over the farm. They worked hard to keep it running and were determined to make it a success. They planted crops and tended to the animals, but they soon realized that they didn’t know as much about farming as they thought they did. They made many mistakes and the crops they planted didn’t yield as much as they had hoped.
Feeling discouraged, Jack and Jill decided to seek help from the other farmers in the village. They learned many new techniques and strategies for farming and were able to improve the yield of their crops. They also made many new friends and were able to build a strong community of farmers.
Years passed and the farm prospered under the care of Jack and Jill. They were able to provide for their families and their community, and they were proud of what they had accomplished. They knew that their father would be proud of them too and they felt his spirit with them every day on the farm.
The Greedy Dog
Once upon a time, there was a greedy dog named Max. He lived in a small village and was known for his insatiable appetite. He would eat anything and everything he could find, and was always looking for his next meal.
One day, while wandering through the village, Max came across a butcher shop. The delicious smell of fresh meat wafted out of the shop and immediately caught his attention. He decided to sneak inside and see if he could find something to eat.
Max crept through the shop, looking for any scraps of food that he could find. Suddenly, he came across a large bone that was sitting on the counter. It was a big, juicy bone and it looked absolutely delicious.
Without hesitation, Max snatched the bone and ran out of the shop as fast as he could. He was so excited to sink his teeth into the bone and enjoy his tasty treat.
However, as he was running, he didn’t see the big hole in the ground. As he fell into the hole, he realized the bone was still in his mouth and he could not let it go. He was stuck in the hole, unable to move and unable to get the bone out of his mouth.
The villagers soon heard the commotion and came to see what was happening. They found Max stuck in the hole, still clinging to the bone. They laughed at him and said, “Max, you were so greedy that you didn’t even notice the hole in the ground. Now you’re stuck, and you can’t even enjoy your bone.”
From that day on, Max learned his lesson and became more careful about where he was going and what he was doing. He realized that greed only leads to trouble and that it’s better to be content with what you have. He lived the rest of his days in peace, never again allowing his greed to get the better of him.
The Fox and the Grapes
Once upon a time, in a lush green forest, there lived a cunning fox. The fox was known for his wit and intelligence, but he was also known for his insatiable hunger. He would roam the forest in search of food, and he would stop at nothing to get it.
One day, as the fox was wandering through the forest, he came across a vineyard. The vineyard was full of ripe, juicy grapes, and the fox’s mouth began to water at the sight of them. The grapes were hanging from the vines, high above his head, but the fox was determined to get them.
He looked around for a way to reach the grapes, and he finally found a tall tree nearby. The fox climbed the tree and reached the branches that were closest to the grapes. But as he reached out to grab the grapes, he realized that they were still out of reach.
The fox wasn’t one to give up easily, though. He tried jumping from branch to branch, but he still couldn’t reach the grapes. He tried shaking the branches, but the grapes remained stubbornly out of reach.
Finally, the fox decided to give up. He climbed down from the tree and looked at the grapes one last time. “They’re probably sour anyway,” he said to himself. “I don’t want them now.”
As the fox walked away from the vineyard, he realized that the grapes had been too high for him to reach, and that he had been foolish to try and get them. He learned that it was better to be content with what he had, rather than to strive for something that was out of reach.
From that day on, the fox lived a contented life, never again trying to reach for something that was out of his grasp. He learned that sometimes, the things we want most are not meant for us, and that it’s better to be happy with what we have.
And as for the grapes, they remained on the vine, ripe and juicy, waiting for someone who could reach them. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Scala Improvement Process
Language
There are two ways to make changes to Scala.
1. Library changes, typically to the Scala standard library and other central libraries.
2. Compiler/language changes.
The Scala Platform Process (SPP) is intended for library changes, and the Scala Improvement Process (SIP) is intended for changes to the Scala compiler or language.
Scala Platform Process (SPP)
The Scala Platform aims to be a stable collection of libraries with widespread use and a low barrier to entry for beginners and intermediate users. The Platform consists of several independent modules that solve specific problems. The Scala community sets the overall direction of the Platform.
Learn more
Scala Improvement Process (SIP)
The SIP (Scala Improvement Process) is a process for submitting changes to the Scala language. All changes to the language go through design documents, called Scala Improvement Proposals (SIPs), which are openly discussed by a committee and only upon reaching a consensus are accepted to be merged into the Scala compiler.
The aim of the Scala Improvement Process is to apply openness and collaboration to the process of evolving the language. SIPs are for changes to the Scala language and/or compiler and are subject to a rigorous review process and are usually accompanied by changes to the Scala language specification, lots of review and discussion on the Scala Contributors mailing list and voting/approval milestones. Please read Submitting a SIP and our SIP tutorial for more information.
Note: the SIP process replaced the older SID (Scala Improvement Document) process, however the old completed SID documents are still available to review in the completed section of the SIP list. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Why Gilead Sciences Stock Lagged Behind Other Biotechs in April
What happened
According to data from S&P Global Market Intelligence , Gilead Sciences (NASDAQ: GILD) stock gained only 0.98% in April, despite the rest of the industry having yet another fairly strong month. The iShares Nasdaq Biotechnology Index (NASDAQ: IBB) , for instance, gained 2.29% last month.
So what
Gilead's stock has so far failed to take part in the broader biotech rally this year due to a continually worsening outlook for its hepatitis C franchise. In the first quarter of this year, for example, the company missed consensus estimates on revenue by $126 million because of its plummeting hepatitis C product sales both domestically and abroad. As a result, Gilead's stock has now lost over 7% this year, while the iShares Nasdaq Biotechnology Index has rallied by more than 10%:
GILD data by YCharts .
Now what
Unfortunately, Gilead's hepatitis C revenue could take another major hit later this year if AbbVie 's (NYSE: ABBV) new once-daily pan-genotype hepatitis C therapy gets a green light from the FDA. The short version of the story is that AbbVie's glecaprevir/pibrentasvir, or G/P for short, is currently under priority review with the FDA, meaning that it could hit the market before year's end.
Unlike the slew of other would-be competitors in the past, this experimental drug is actually significant threat to Gilead's hepatitis C trio of Harvoni, Sovaldi, and Epclusa because it offers shorter treatment times across a range of genotypes. And besides lowering the average treatment duration, AbbVie's G/P could also trigger another round of discounts across the spectrum of next-generation hepatitis C drugs at the behest of payers.
Bottom line: Gilead's going to remain under significant pressure until it fixes its top line via an acquisition. And until that day comes, this stock will almost certainly continue to diverge from the rest of the surging biotech industry.
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The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Page:Witty and entertaining exploits of George Buchanan (6).pdf/3
3 pg in a paſſon, ſets off, and would never cour- enance him any more. The young gentleman being ſadly vexed at this affront given to him by George, ſent him a challenge to fight him, ap. pinting day and place where they were to meet. Being to fight on horſeback, George gets an old biff borſe, and, for harneſſing, covers him about with blown bladders, with ſmall ſtones in each, without either ſword or ſpear; and away to the cid he goes, where the duel was appointed. So when George saw his enemy coming againſt im, all in glittering armour, armed with ſword ud ſpear, he made up to him with all toe ſpeed is horſe could carry him ; when the ſmall ſtones the bladders made ſuch a rattling noiſe, that the gentlemen's fine geiding would not ſtaed the battle, but ran away, and threw his maſter to he ground; which cauſed all the ſpectators ugh, and ſay, the gentleman was more fool han George. The gentleman being ſtill more praged at this ſecond affront, he would fight ith George on foot; but his friends perſuaded im, that it would be no honour for him to ght, and kill the King's fool; and far leſs to e killed by the fool. So they were adviſed oth to agree. But the gentleman would try bother exploit with George, for to have it ſaid sio was ſtill the clevereſt man, viz. To hold him jumping-bout publicly, the next day thereafter: With all my heart, ſays George, and we will end and about where we began, they not knowing is meaning in this. The place and hour being it, where they were to meet next morning, corge, in the night time, cauſed a deep pit | WIKI |
@article {Nagylaki315, author = {Nagylaki, Thomas and Petes, Thomas D.}, title = {INTRACHROMOSOMAL GENE CONVERSION AND THE MAINTENANCE OF SEQUENCE HOMOGENEITY AMONG REPEATED GENES}, volume = {100}, number = {2}, pages = {315--337}, year = {1982}, publisher = {Genetics}, abstract = {Intrachromosomal gene conversion is the non-reciprocal transfer of information between a pair of repeated genes on a single chromosome. This process produces eventual sequence homogeneity within a family of repeated genes. An evolutionary model for a single chromosome lineage was formulated and analyzed. Expressions were derived for the fixation probability, mean time to fixation or loss, and mean conditional fixation time for a variant repeat with an arbitrary initial frequency. It was shown that a small conversional advantage or disadvantage for the variant repeat (higher or lower probability of producing two variant genes by conversion than two wild-type genes) can have a dramatic effect on the probability of fixation. The results imply that intrachromosomal gene conversion can act sufficiently rapidly to be an important mechanism for maintaining sequence homogeneity among repeated genes.}, issn = {0016-6731}, URL = {https://www.genetics.org/content/100/2/315}, eprint = {https://www.genetics.org/content/100/2/315.full.pdf}, journal = {Genetics} } | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Wikipedia:Featured and good topic candidates/Blood Harmony/archive1
Blood Harmony
Blood Harmony is the debut studio EP by American singer-songwriter Finneas O'Connell. It was released on October 4, 2019, and spawned 4 singles. The EP was Finneas' first solo release after co-writing and producing material for his sister Billie Eilish.
* Contributor(s): The Ultimate Boss
All the articles in this series have been promoted to GA status. The Ultimate Boss (talk) 07:42, 27 January 2021 (UTC)
* Support: Looks like the album and all singles, including the fifth from the "deluxe" version, with appropriate categories all contained in a supercategory and connected by a navbox, similar to other album nominations. Good work! -Bryan Rutherford (talk) 15:40, 27 January 2021 (UTC)
* Support All articles within scope are good articles. HĐ (talk) 07:09, 30 January 2021 (UTC)
* Support. P anini 🥪 16:35, 23 February 2021 (UTC)
* Does the GA Topic look ready to promote? The Ultimate Boss (talk) 23:19, 26 February 2021 (UTC)
* Hi, yes I would think so, I hadn't seen Panini's support from a couple of days ago. I will do so tomorrow unless Sturm or Gamer get to it before me (the delay is that it takes quite a bit of page/category creation that has to be done manually, which I don't have time for right now.) Aza24 (talk) 07:29, 28 February 2021 (UTC)
* In light of the comment below, promotion will have to be delayed until it is appropriately addressed. Aza24 (talk) 00:39, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
* Support Comment I would advise the removal of CelebMix as it doesn't strike as a reliable source on "Break My Heart Again". It has been disputed on several discussions on wiki. I also have doubts regarding "Our Culture Mag", on Bllod Harmony it can be removed from the album and replaced by Hot Press, Rolling Stone or Uproxx. NME also supports Finneas stamente. The same website is also present on "Break My Heart Again". After these changes I will support. MarioSoulTruthFan (talk) 13:27, 28 February 2021 (UTC)
* and I have fixed the issues. The Ultimate Boss (talk) 06:58, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
* how's this looking now? Aza24 (talk) 00:36, 5 March 2021 (UTC)
* Good job. MarioSoulTruthFan (talk) 22:06, 5 March 2021 (UTC)
* Mariosoul supports. The Ultimate Boss (talk) 01:45, 6 March 2021 (UTC)
* , it looks like Aza24 does not want to respond. So is there anyway this can get promoted since MarioSoulTruthFan supports it now? The Ultimate Boss (talk) 21:03, 6 March 2021 (UTC)
* Hi The Ultimate Boss, please be patient. See the instructions: “[the director and delegates] determine the timing of the process for each nomination”, you do not. Everytime I log onto WP, I have 4-5 pints or alerts; you have pinged me 4 times, so it is not unreasonable to expect some to get lost in the mix. As I said earlier, promoting and FT/GT involves a lot of manual work (there is no bot to do so) so it is not as easy as FAC where they put one template and update 1–2 page(s). Your sly comments do not help the process; if you want others to help you, I would advise you to avoid such remarks. I’m out of the house typing on my phone right now (and will promote later, unless Gamer or Sturm get to it before me) Aza24 (talk) 22:38, 6 March 2021 (UTC)
* Closed with a consensus to promote to Good Topic - Aza24 (talk) 00:57, 7 March 2021 (UTC) | WIKI |
Gold Worksheet #1 The Gold Rush in the 1800s: “Gold! Gold!” These words drew thousands of people from all over the world. During the 1800s fortune seekers rushed to American gold fields by foot, horseback, wagon, or ship. Gold rushers lined the trails, and towns sprang up almost overnight. Each person carried a dream of wealth and was willing to endure tremendous hardships while searching for gold. Gold as a Mineral: Gold is a bright yellow metal. It has many qualities which make it popular. Gold will not tarnish or rust. It is very soft, easy to work with, and can be shaped into any form desired. Gold can be combined with other metals to make hard objects such as jewelry and cups. The mixture of gold and other metals is called an alloy. Gold alloys are measured in Karats. Jewelry that is pure gold is said to be 24 Karat (24K). Jewelry that is half gold and half other metals is 12 Karat (12K). Gold, however, is not valuable just because it has many good qualities. It is valuable because it is scarce. Possession of gold has been a sign of wealth for thousands of years. Historic Importance: No one knows when gold was first discovered, but gold cups and gold jewelry made as early as 3500 B.C. have been found in ancient tombs and ruins. Greek and Roman myths refer to gold in stories like “King Midas” and “The Golden Fleece.” During the Middle Ages gold became so scarce that men called alchemists tried unsuccessfully to make gold from other metals. When gold was discovered in the new world in the 1500s, Europeans explored and conquered these new lands to get gold. The Aztecs and Mexico and the Incas in Peru had their gold and land taken from them by gold-hungry explorers. These early explorers didn’t find gold in the present day boundaries of the United States, but it was there. The first gold rush in America took place in Georgia in 1828, and gold in vast amounts was discovered in several far western states later in the century. | FINEWEB-EDU |
-- Gedeon Richter Profit Beats Estimates as Focus Shifts to China
Gedeon Richter Nyrt ., Hungary ’s
biggest drugmaker, reported a first-quarter profit that beat
analyst estimates as the company shifts its focus to China and
the former Soviet Union while sales in the U.S. decline. Net income rose 14 percent from a year earlier to 19.1
billion forint ($86 million), Richter said in a regulatory
statement today. That exceeded the 14.3 billion-forint mean
estimate for adjusted profit in a Bloomberg survey of four
analysts. Sales rose to 85.8 billion forint from 82 billion
forint a year earlier, with revenue from China climbing more
than six-fold to 9.6 million euros ($12.6 million). Richter kept its forecast for a group sales increase of 3
percent in euro terms this year, Chief Executive Officer Erik
Bogsch told reporters today. The company cut its 2013 operating
margin forecast about one percentage point to 14 percent on
higher sales and marketing costs, he said. While Richter “delivered a positive surprise” with a
“more robust rise in the bottom line,” and jump in sales in
China , the market reaction was mitigated by “persisting
pressure” on operating margins, Vladimira Urbankova, a Vienna-based analyst at Erste Group Bank AG, said in a note. Management sees as much as 35 million euros in annual sales
from China, with Ukraine and former Soviet members representing
other areas of growth, while U.S. revenue drops as much as a
quarter, Bogsch said. The shares rose 0.4 percent to 34,295 forint at 2:01 p.m.
in Budapest, trimming this year’s drop to 5.4 percent. To contact the reporter on this story:
Andras Gergely in Budapest at
agergely@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Wojciech Moskwa at
wmoskwa@bloomberg.net | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Conservative Party of Quebec (historical)
The Conservative Party of Quebec (Parti conservateur du Québec) was a political party in Quebec, Canada, from 1867 until 1936, when it merged with members of the Action libérale nationale to form the Union Nationale.
Origins
The party originated as the Parti bleu which was formed around 1850. The parti bleu opposed the anti-clericalism of its rival, the parti rouge.
The parti bleu supported the role of the clergy in Quebec society. Members of the parti bleu, led by George-Étienne Cartier from Canada East, joined with the followers of Sir John A. Macdonald in Canada West to form a coalition government with Cartier as co-premier from 1857 to 1862. It was out of this coalition that the Conservative Party was formed (then known as the Liberal-Conservative Party), laying the basis for Confederation in 1867.
Post-Confederation
With Confederation and Quebec's entry as a province, what had been the parti bleu became the Quebec wing of Macdonald's Conservative Party. It formed the government in the province, with Pierre-Joseph-Olivier Chauveau as Quebec's first premier. Cartier acted as Macdonald's Quebec lieutenant in the federal House of Commons. The Conservatives dominated Quebec politics at both the federal and provincial level for the next 30 years. The Conservatives held power in Quebec for 25 out of 30 years, providing eight of the province's ten premiers in that period.
However, the party became increasingly divided between a moderate wing and an Ultramontane wing of Catholic fundamentalists. As well, the party's links with the federal Conservatives harmed the party as the Tories in English Canada became increasingly identified as hostile to French Canadians and Quebec. The execution of Louis Riel in 1885 outraged French Canadians and hurt the Macdonald Conservatives at the polls.
After Macdonald's death in 1891, the coalition that formed the national Conservatives unravelled, particularly around the Manitoba Schools Question that pitted English-Canadian Protestants against French-Canadian Catholics. This issue essentially ended the possibility of a significant French-Canadian presence in western Canada.
The federal Conservatives lost the 1896 federal election, largely due to the collapse of their support in Quebec. The provincial Conservative government of Edmund James Flynn lost the 1897 Quebec election.
With the defeats of 1896 and 1897, the Conservatives became a minority party in Quebec at both levels of government. The Conservative Party of Quebec never formed another provincial government. The Quebec Liberal Party held power without interruption for the next 38 years.
Decline and re-emergence as Union Nationale
Conservative fortunes were further hurt by the Conscription Crisis of 1917 when the federal Conservative government of Sir Robert Borden invoked conscription against the opposition of Quebec. This led to riots in the province.
In 1929, mayor of Montreal Camillien Houde succeeded Arthur Sauvé as leader of the Conservative Party, which went on to lose four by-elections.
In 1933, Maurice Duplessis became leader of the Quebec Conservatives. The next year, the ruling Liberal party split when a group of nationalist Liberals dissatisfied with the government of Louis-Alexandre Taschereau bolted from the party to form the Action libérale nationale or ALN. Duplessis wooed the dissident party and, two weeks before the 1935 election, the Conservatives and ALN formed a "Union Nationale" alliance to contest the election. On June 20, 1936 the Quebec Conservative Party dissolved when the alliance became a formal merger into a single political party, the Union Nationale.
Two months later, the UN took power in the 1936 election under the leadership of Duplessis. The party was unexpectedly defeated in 1939, but went on to dominate Quebec politics from 1944 until Duplessis died in 1959.
The Union Nationale formed the government again from 1966–1970 and afterwards went into rapid decline, being supplanted by the Parti Québécois as the main opposition to the Liberals.
Federal Tories and Quebec after the Union Nationale
Since the late 1960s, the main divide in Quebec politics was between supporters of Quebec separatism and federalism, rather than the traditional conservatism and liberalism. This resulted in a reorientation of Quebec politics with the conservative Union Nationale collapsing in the early 1970s and the new polarization in Quebec politics being between the separatist Parti Québécois and the federalist Quebec Liberal Party.
Federalists, whether conservative or liberal, generally supported the Liberals with federalist former Union Nationale members joining that party in the 1970s while more nationalist UN members joined the PQ. This reorientation could be seen in the family of former Union Nationale premier Daniel Johnson, Sr. whose son, Daniel Johnson, Jr. joined and eventually became leader of the Quebec Liberals while his brother, Pierre-Marc Johnson, joined and eventually led the PQ.
Claude Wagner, a judge and a prominent Quebec Liberal cabinet minister who departed provincial politics in 1970, ran successfully as a Progressive Conservative in the 1972 federal election, and was the front-runner in the party leadership convention in 1976 before losing on the final ballot to Joe Clark. When Bourassa returned to politics in the 1980s, he worked closely with the federal Progressive Conservatives led by Brian Mulroney. During that decade, the Liberals won the majority of Quebec's seats in 1985 and 1989, while the PCs did so at the federal level in 1984 and 1988. Some Quebec Progressive Conservatives attempted to form a provincial party, the Progressive Conservative Party of Quebec, in the 1980s but this effort was not supported by the federal party and failed to win any seats.
In 1998, federal PC leader Jean Charest moved to provincial politics as the leader of the Quebec Liberals.
With the decline of support for separatism in the early twenty-first century there are indications that Quebec politics is returning to a right/left divide and there have been several attempts to create centre-right parties, with varying success. The Action démocratique du Québec was formed in 1994 and attracted support from a number of federal Conservatives due to its neoliberal economic program and populist conservative social positions. In the years following the ADQ's collapse following the 2008 Quebec election a new nationalist party was formed, the Coalition Avenir Québec, which absorbed the ADQ in 2012. Conservative Quebec federalists have created a new Quebec Conservative Party under the leadership of former Conservative Party of Canada MP Luc Harvey.
Leaders of the Parti conservateur du Québec
* Pierre-Joseph-Olivier Chauveau 1867-1873 (Premier 1867-1873)
* Gédéon Ouimet 1873-1874 (Premier 1873-1874)
* Charles-Eugène Boucher de Boucherville 1874-1878 (Premier 1874-1878, 1891-1892)
* Joseph-Adolphe Chapleau 1878-1882 (Premier 1879-1882)
* Joseph-Alfred Mousseau 1882-1884 (Premier 1882-1884)
* John Jones Ross 1884-1887 (Premier 1884-1887)
* Louis-Olivier Taillon 1887-1896 (Premier 1887, 1892-1896)
* Edmund James Flynn 1896-1904 (Premier 1896-1897)
* Pierre-Évariste Leblanc 1904-1908
* Joseph-Mathias Tellier 1908-1915
* Philémon Cousineau 1915-1916
* Arthur Sauvé 1916-1929
* Camillien Houde 1929-1932
* Charles Ernest Gault 1932-1933 (acting)
* Maurice Duplessis 1933-1936 (later, Premier as leader of Union Nationale) | WIKI |
Talk:Shen Yiqin
Pronunciation
- By the way I watched a Guizhou official newscast broadcast of the subject's name, and the pronunciation was confirmed to be Shen (fourth tone); the dictionary of course gives both pronunciations. Shall we reverse? Colipon+ (Talk) 19:08, 14 December 2016 (UTC)
* I think we should go with WP:COMMONNAME. Google results for "Chen Yiqin" guizhou = 33,600, while "Shen Yiqin" guizhou = 151. "Chen" wins by a wide margin. -Zanhe (talk) 20:00, 15 December 2016 (UTC)
* : Xinhua seems to give the spelling as "Shen Yiqin"; and every newscast I've seen about the appointment of her as governor also uses the pronunciation "Shen". I suggest we revert. Colipon+ (Talk) 14:44, 11 September 2017 (UTC)
External links modified
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First female running a provincial party organization ?
I don't recall any other female ever heading a province-level party committee, but perhaps someone has a better memory than I. If Shen is the first, it is worth noting. DOR (HK) (talk) 18:44, 22 March 2021 (UTC) | WIKI |
House Intel chief 'satisfied' with probe disputing Trump wiretap claims
House Intelligence Chairman Devin Nunes said Friday that his committee was "satisfied" with the information the Justice Department has produced as the panel investigates President Donald Trump's wiretapping claims against former President Barack Obama, accusations that remain unsubstantiated. “The Committee is satisfied that the Department of Justice has fully complied with our request for information from our March 8 letter on possible surveillance related to Donald Trump or his associates," Nunes said in a statement released Friday night. Nunes added that his committee had yet to receive information on the matter from either the Central Intelligence Agency and the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and thus could not definitively determine "whether information collected on U.S. persons was mishandled and leaked." But congressional leaders in recent days have said that they've yet to find any evidence of wiretapping, despite Trump's claims to the contrary. Nunes, who was a member of the Trump transition team’s executive committee, said Wednesday that he doesn’t think “there was an actual tap of Trump Tower," adding that if you took his tweets on the matter literally, "then clearly the president was wrong.” The leaders of the intelligence committees were briefed last week behind closed doors by FBI Director James Comey, who is set to be asked on Monday to comment publicly on Trump’s claim during testimony before the House panel. The Republican chairman and top Democrat on the Senate Intelligence Committee, meanwhile, also rejected Trump's claims Thursday. Nunes also said Friday that the National Security Agency had "partially" met their request for information but was committed to "fully meet our request by the end of next week.” | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
The Spanish Jesuit St. Francis Xavier (1506-1552) was a pioneer of Catholic missions in eastern Asia. Known as the Apostle of the East Indies, he has been acclaimed as one of the greatest missionaries in history.
Francis Xavier was born Francisco de Jasso y Xavier of a noble family of Basque stock on April 7, 1506. During his studies in Paris (1525-1536), he became involved in the small enthusiastic band that was organized by Ignatius of Loyola into the Society of Jesus. He and Ignatius were ordained priests in Venice in 1537. The following year Francis went to Rome, where he helped prepare the foundation of the Society of Jesus.
While in Rome, Xavier volunteered to fill a vacancy in a Portuguese delegation to eastern Asia. He spent from 1542 to 1549 in India, Ceylon, Malacca, and eastern Indonesia. In 1549 Japan became Xavier's mission field. While there he discovered that he had to change his missionary methods. No longer confronted with what he regarded as "barbarian" people, he traced the origins of Japanese culture to China, which was closed to foreigners. In a fantastic adventure Xavier tried to smuggle himself into this intriguing empire. Off the Chinese coast he died, with the promised land in sight, on March 19, 1552.
Xavier was a pathfinder who improvised missionary methods in the changing contexts of his life. In Goa, the Portuguese stronghold and capital of the East, he fought the scandalous vulgarity of colonial Christendom. In a second phase, working among lower-caste fishermen who accepted baptism to escape Moslem oppression, he devised Christian instruction for illiterates, focusing on children who taught their parents the message of the Gospel, preferably in songs. He baptized whole villages "until his hands gave up," leaving a summary of the faith and a government-protected catechist whenever he decided to move to regions beyond. His missionary methods remained basically the same during his apostolate in southeastern Asia.
After his adventurous journey to Japan, however, Xavier found himself in a new situation. He became engaged in dialogues with competent and self-confident partners and realized that a different approach was called for. He left this task to his successors, who before the end of the 16th century baptized almost 1 percent of the total population and inaugurated the "Christian century in Japan." Xavier went on to attempt his visit to China, which was the most important cultural influence on eastern Asia. His missionary voyage ended in an unfulfilled dream.
With the wisdom of hindsight, many people have criticized the superficiality of his methods. More important, however, many following generations have caught his vision of amplius ("further"). Xavier's commitment to the speedy dissemination of the Gospel has led many to call him a "St. Paul in modern style" who made the Society of Jesus into a missionary order. In 1622 he was canonized, and Pope Pius XI declared him (with St. Thérèse of Lisieux) the patron saint of all missions. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Retro City Rampage
Retro City Rampage is an action-adventure game developed by Vblank Entertainment. It is a parody of retro games and 1980s and 1990s pop culture, as well as Grand Theft Auto and similar games. It was first released for PlayStation 3, PlayStation Vita and Microsoft Windows in 2012, with ports later releasing for several other platforms. An enhanced version, Retro City Rampage DX, was released for Nintendo 3DS in 2014, followed by later ports for other platforms. Previous ports of the original version were later updated to the DX version via free updates.
An MS-DOS version, Retro City Rampage 486, was released on July 29, 2015, as a limited physical run on a floppy disk as well as a free digital download for owners of modern computer version of the game.
Story
In the city of Theftropolis in 1985, "The Player", a thug for hire, is hired as a henchman of a major crime syndicate led by the Jester. Three years later, during a bank heist gone wrong, The Player runs into a time-traveling telephone booth, which he then steals from its owners. The booth flings him forward an indeterminate amount of time to the year 20XX. Upon arrival, the booth breaks down and a man named Doc Choc (a parody of Dr. Emmett Brown from the Back to the Future films) arrives in his own time-traveling vehicle and rescues the Player, mistakenly believing him to be a time-traveling hero.
The Player must work with Doc Choc to gather the rare parts needed to repair the time booth, whilst encountering numerous 1980s videogame and pop culture references and parodies, including law enforcement, the Jester, Bayside High School students, and Dr. Von Buttnik (a parody of Sonic the Hedgehog's arch enemy Dr. Robotnik), Doc Choc's rival and head of R&D at A.T. Corp, a tech corporation that desires to use the time machine to control the electronics market.
Gameplay
The game is inspired by Rockstar Games' Grand Theft Auto games, in that the player can complete a variety of missions within an enormous city that is open to explore. During development, around 50 story missions and 30 challenge levels were planned. Gameplay elements shared with GTA include the vast assortment of weaponry, the miscellaneous shops, the ability to hijack vehicles, and the ability to attract police attention with violence and destruction.
As a homage to numerous 8-bit video games, Retro City Rampage incorporates design elements from many different genres, and features 16 graphical filters that simulate various retro computers and game consoles. Although it is primarily played from a top-down bird's-eye viewpoint, in specific sections, it may switch to a strictly two-dimensional perspective in the style of a 2D platformer.
The game also includes a "Free Roaming Mode" that allows players to freely explore the city and cause as much chaos as they can. This mode can also be played with unlockable characters from other indie developed games: like Super Meat Boy, Commander Video from the Bit.Trip series, and Steve from Minecraft, among others.
On February 28, the same day as the Wii release, an update for PC became available, allowing users to access a version of the game's prototype, called ROM City Rampage. ROM City Rampage is a port of Retro City Rampage to NES homebrew and emulated within Retro City Rampage. PC users received the update for free, and it was included with the Wii and 3DS versions. The update was later released on PSN and Xbox Live.
Development
The concept for Retro City Rampage originally came from a homebrew project that began in 2002. In his spare time, game programmer Brian Provinciano constructed his own Nintendo Entertainment System development kit and set about remaking one of his favourite titles, Grand Theft Auto III, with 8-bit sprite graphics, under the codename of Grand Theftendo. At the 2011 Game Developers Conference, he revealed his methods, showing how, over several years, he built advanced software tools to help him overcome the limitations of Nintendo Entertainment System hardware, before eventually shifting development to the PC.
At one point in the process, he started to add characters and locations from other games he enjoyed from his childhood. This ultimately inspired him to work on the project full-time, but instead of using scenarios from GTA III, he decided to create an entirely new game with original content in 2007, which would be released as a downloadable title for consoles. He used a real-time map editor to adjust and debug on the fly, and also integrated several suggestions from playtesters.
For most of the project, he had worked completely independently on the design, coding and art. Later in development, he hired a pixel artist to assist with the visual design of the game and went through revisions. He also brought in three renowned videogame composers, Leonard "FreakyDNA" Paul, Jake "Virt" Kaufman and Matt "Norrin Radd" Creamer, to create chiptune songs for the game's soundtrack. Provinciano stated that the game contains roughly two and a half hours of chiptune music. On February 22, 2012, the Retro City Rampage soundtrack was released on Bandcamp.
The game pays tribute to many titles through its title, storytelling, levels, and character abilities, such as River City Ransom, Super Mario Bros., The Legend of Zelda, Duck Hunt, Mega Man, Contra, Bionic Commando, Metal Gear, Smash TV, and Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, among others. The game also pays tribute to "cheesy" one-liners, television shows and pop culture, as well as cameos including Phil Fish (creator of Fez), Billy Campbell, and Phil Guerrero (of YTV fame) with permission.
Despite the game's title sounding similar to River City Ransom, Vblank Entertainment's Retro City Rampage Twitter account has stated that the title is, in fact, not a reference to River City Ransom.
The game has received several updates since the original release polishing the game and adding features.
On July 2, 2020, days after announcing a Europe-exclusive, limited edition Wii port of Retro City Rampage's sequel, Shakedown: Hawaii, Vblank Entertainment announced that a physical Wii version of Retro City Rampage, titled Retro City Rampage DX+ would also be simultaneously released with it in the same region on July 9, 2020, with a limited print run of 3,000 copies. It was released in Europe only due to Nintendo of America no longer having the necessary departments open to be able to produce physical Wii games. This special, limited edition release also features more polished animation and visuals. This release also gives both Retro City Rampage and Shakedown: Hawaii the accolade of being the final Wii games ever released for the console.
Around the time these limited edition Wii physical releases were made available, Provinciano revealed that he is also working on trying to port Rampage to the Game Boy Advance, a challenging project he spent years on.
Reception
Retro City Rampage has received positive reviews. It holds a metascore of 71 on Metacritic.
As of March 2013, the game had sold around 100,000 copies. PS3 and PC versions made the most profit, 360 version the third most, and Wii came last with about 2,500 units sold.
As of December 2014, the developer announced the game had reached 400,000 sold copies (and an additional 270,000 PS+ units) while also revealing that the PC and the PlayStation family versions were the most successful.
Sequel
On November 24, 2015, Shakedown: Hawaii, a sequel to Retro City Rampage, was announced. Set 30 years after the major events in Retro City Rampage, the game features an open world, destructible environments and 16-bit visuals. The game is set to be released for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, PlayStation Vita, Nintendo 3DS, and Nintendo Switch. The game was released on May 7, 2019 for all platforms, with a Nintendo 3DS version released on September 19, 2019 in North America, in Europe and Australia on September 26, 2019. In June 2020, it was revealed that Shakedown: Hawaii was releasing on the Wii on July 9, 2020 exclusively in Europe, making it (and Retro City Rampage DX) the final Wii games to be officially released. There is also a port for Wii U that came out exclusively in North America in August 2020, along with a release on Steam. | WIKI |
Free Knowledge Culture Calendar/September 19
Today in 2009 began the Free Software Foundation mini-summit on Women in Free Software. It was just one project in a wave of activity that rebirthed and set a regular schedule for GNOME’s outreach program which grew into a successful and lasting project. It was one of the first official acknowledgements of systemic sexism the Free Software world. Even compared to the rest of the IT industry, the gender ratio was several times worse. | WIKI |
How are Traditional Braces Removed?
How are Traditional Braces Removed?
Getting braces is the beginning of a journey to a better smile. Braces can correct bites, align teeth and transform smiles. It is one thing to get the braces on, and a whole different process of getting them off. After your orthodontic treatment, which can last about a year or more, getting rid of your braces is exciting anticipation. The good news is that the process of removing braces is much simpler than that of installing them. Better yet, the process is painless. You do not have to fear your orthodontist getting rid of your traditional braces in Chino, CA. Still, it helps to understand how the process works and how you can prepare for it.
What does the removal process entail?
Once you make an appointment with your dentist, the first step involves an oral checkup to investigate the state of your dental formula. If the assessment allows you to get rid of the braces, then you are ready to go. Afterward, the dentist uses a special type of pliers or clips to separate the brackets of the braces from the teeth. This is typically for the standard braces. The dentist has to use different tools for people who have braces with bands custom made for each tooth. The reason is that strong adhesive was used to bond the braces to each tooth. Once the braces are removed, the next step entails scrapping off the glue from your teeth. Some patients say that they can hear scraping when the glue is being removed from their teeth. It may also be uncomfortable if you have very sensitive teeth, especially when the dentist has to polish your enamel with a hand piece. Other than that, people do not complain about pain during the removal of traditional braces.
Do you feel anything during the process?
Removing traditional braces is typically a painless procedure. However, because of the close attachment of the braces to your teeth, it is normal to feel some pressure or tension when they are removed. The pressure is not in any way painful.
How long does the process take?
Removing braces is nothing like getting them. You do not have to spend so many hours with your orthodontist as you did for traditional braces treatment in Chino. Instead, in an hour or two, you should have all your braces off of you.
Do you need a retainer post braces?
Once the braces are removed, you will receive retainers. Retainers are part of the whole dental treatment process. Using braces shifts teeth in different ways to align them properly. The push and pull of the teeth are supported by the metal braces. When braces are removed, the teeth can get a little wiggly. Using a retainer is the way to hold the teeth in their new position. This will help get your teeth adapt to the new change and be more steady, without needing reinforcement from braces. The period of wearing a retainer differs for people. Depending on how severe your previous dental misalignment was, you may have to wear a retainer for a few years or the rest of your life. Wearing a retainer prevents the need for having braces a second time. There are different types of retainers. Some retainers are bonded, while others are invisible. Your orthodontist will recommend the best type of retainer for your situation.
Why do you need an x-ray post braces?
After your braces are removed, the dentist may need an x-ray of your face. This is a measure to inspect your bone structure. The records are also useful for future reference for your dental health.
How to care for your teeth after braces are removed
Part of caring for your newly aligned teeth has to do with wearing a retainer. This will help make the results more permanent. Besides that, you have to practice active dental hygiene. Brushing your teeth twice every day is a good habit to adopt. You will also need to consider flossing to get rid of food residue and debris between your teeth. Soon after the braces are removed, avoid very hot or very cold foods. Your teeth will still be sensitive a few weeks into removing the braces. Avoid very hard foods in the first few weeks after the procedure, including nuts and carrots. You should be able to resume normal eating habits after a couple of weeks. Do not make the removal of your braces the last day you visit your dentist. Checking in with your dentist will help track the progress of your dental health. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
The Science Behind Industrial Nitric Acid Production
Nitric acid is a highly corrosive and useful chemical compound that is widely used in various industries such as fertilizer, explosives, and metallurgy. Industrial nitric acid production is a complex process that involves several stages, each of which uses specific scientific principles and techniques to produce high-quality nitric acid.
The production process of nitric acid begins with the purification of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), which is the primary raw material for the production of nitric acid. The NO2 is obtained by oxidizing ammonia, which is produced through the Haber-Bosch process of nitrogen fixation. The purified NO2 gas is then reacted with water to form nitric acid (HNO3).
The production of nitric acid is done in two main stages: the catalytic oxidation of ammonia to nitrogen monoxide (NO) and the oxidation of NO to NO2. The first stage uses a platinum-rhodium catalyst at high temperatures (around 850°C) to oxidize ammonia to nitrogen monoxide. The second stage, which is done in the presence of air, uses a catalyst made from vanadium and molybdenum oxides to oxidize NO to NO2.
Both of these stages involve complex chemical reactions that are optimized for maximum efficiency and yield. The use of the platinum-rhodium catalyst in the first stage, for example, is based on the catalytic properties of these metals, which facilitate the reaction between ammonia and oxygen within the catalyst. The vanadium and molybdenum oxide catalyst in the second stage helps to increase the yield of NO2 by minimizing the amount of NO that is formed during the reaction.
The most common method used for industrial nitric acid production is the Ostwald process, which was developed by Wilhelm Ostwald in 1902. This process uses a series of chemical reactions to convert ammonia to nitric acid. In this process, ammonia is first oxidized to nitrogen monoxide using a platinum-rhodium catalyst. The nitrogen monoxide is then further oxidized with air to form nitrogen dioxide, which is then dissolved in water to produce nitric acid.
The Ostwald process involves highly exothermic reactions that require careful temperature control to prevent dangerous runaway reactions. Additionally, the high-temperature reactions required for this process result in the release of large amounts of nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere, which pose significant environmental concerns.
In conclusion, industrial nitric acid production is a complex process that involves several chemical reactions and scientific principles. The efficient production of high-quality nitric acid requires careful control of reaction conditions, the use of appropriate catalysts, and proper monitoring of the entire production process. Advances in scientific knowledge and technological innovation continue to improve the efficiency and sustainability of nitric acid production while minimizing the impact on the environment. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:LittleBookOfPrayersFromOldEnglish.djvu/60
May the choir of Holy Innocents, slain for the infant Jesus, intercede beneath the throne of the Lamb of God for me.
O thou glorious and illustrious through every age. Saint Stephen, and you, all ye crimsoned ranks of martyrs, by your intercession help to wash me from every stain of sin.
O Mary, holy and immaculate Virgin Mother of God! Thou art the most merciful and most loving mother of my Lord: Thou art most glorious and exalted above the stars of heaven, for thou alone, without any equal, hast found favour with Christ, and, coming to the aid of a fallen world, hast brought to it salvation. Unspotted and most worthy Virgin of Virgins; most powerful of all creatures; Lady exalted above all women; to you nothing is difficult to obtain from God: come to my aid, who am a wretched sinner, full of sins and a man of many iniquities. O thou, who didst bring forth the Lamb that taketh away the sins of the world, come, I beseech thee, to mine aid, unworthy and sinful though I am. | WIKI |
West Preston Lakeside Football Club
West Preston Lakeside Football Club is an Australian rules football club in Reservoir, Victoria, currently competing in the Northern Football League.
History
The West Preston F.C. was formed in 1948 in the CYMS competition. It remained there until 1963, when it joined the very strong church based YCW National Football Association.
The club had a reasonable amount of success and it was decided that it should field junior sides as well and from those early days more than 10 players from those sides went on to join the ranks of the then VFL.
The club had continued to grow which led the club to apply for membership in the Diamond Valley Football League in 1981. The DVFL was one of, if not the strongest of Melbourne's suburban competitions and thus the successful application was a great moment for the club.
Since 1981 the club has won 9 Senior and 6 junior Premierships and provided 18 Best and Fairest winners in the DVFL. In 1988 and again in 1993 it won the Div. 2 A Grade flag and promotion to Div. 1, only to return to Div. 2 the year after failing both times in the very strong First Division.
In 1996 the club was again successful in winning both the A and B Grade Premierships, however this time the club remained in the top level.
West Preston joined Reservoir Lakeside in the DVFL; the Lakies had already been playing in the league since World War II and had achieved significant success including three Division 1 A Grade Premierships.
On 23 March 1998 members of both the West Preston FC (Roosters)and Reservoir Lakeside FC (Lakies) met and voted on a merger of the two clubs as Lakies who had just competed in the Division 2 finals were struggling to field sides. Reservoir Lakeside was to bring with it a steeped history with three A Grade Premierships and a total of 20 senior pennants as well as 20 competition Best and Fairest winners.
From this day on the West Preston Lakeside FC Inc. emerged and continued to be known as the Roosters and Lakies returned to J.E. Moore Park, Preston. The merged club had immediate success In the first season this new entity missed out on the finals by only one game, and a similar result in 1999. Season 2000 the club finished on top of the ladder only to be beaten in the Grand Final by Northcote Park. In 2003 against Montmorency secured its first Premiership as a merged entity.
In 2010, West Preston Lakeside won its second Premiership as a merged entity, beating heavy favourite Heidelberg, whom had won the past 4 Grand Finals. In 2018, West Preston Lakeside WON the Premiership, defeating Macleod by 9 points.
In addition the club has a strong commitment to junior football, fielding nine teams as the West Preston Junior F.C along with an association with Preston YCW Cricket Club.
Reservoir Lakeside – Founded 1947
In Round 18 2012, West Preston-Lakeside wore a Reservoir-Lakeside Jumper to commemorate 'Lakies Day'. The jumper was the same jumper worn by the Lakies before the merger with West Preston. | WIKI |
Prosecutor in Leak Inquiry Orders Rove to Return Again
Special prosecutor in CIA leak case, Patrick J Fitzgerald, summons senior White House adviser Karl Rove to return to testify to federal grand jury for fourth time, step that could mean charges will be filed in case; Fitzgerald reportedly tells lawyers for several Bush administration officials that he will decide before grand jury's term expires on Oct 28 whether to accuse anyone of wrongdoing; he is expected to request that several other White House officials return to grand jury to testify as he proceeds toward charging decision; he indicates that he is not entirely finished with Judith Miller, New York Times reporter who served 85 days in jail for refusing to divulge identity of her source, but agreed to testify after I Lewis Libby, Vice Pres Cheney's chief of staff, released her from pledge of confidentiality; it is unknown whether Libby has been asked to appear again before grand jury (M) | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
@article {Barthet258335, author = {Barthet, Ga{\"e}l and Jord{\`a}-Siquier, Tom{\`a}s and Rumi-Masante, Julie and Bernadou, Fanny and M{\"u}ller, Ulrike and Mulle, Christophe}, title = {Presenilin-mediated cleavage of APP regulates synaptotagmin-7 and presynaptic plasticity}, elocation-id = {258335}, year = {2018}, doi = {10.1101/258335}, publisher = {Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory}, abstract = {Presenilin (PS), the catalytic subunit of γ-secretase and its main substrate the amyloid precursor protein (APP) are mutated in a large majority of patients with familial Alzheimer disease. PS and APP interact with proteins of the neurotransmitter release machinery but the functional consequences of these interactions are unknown. Here we report that genetic deletion of presynaptic PS markedly decreases the axonal expression of the Ca2+ sensor synaptotagmin-7 (Syt7), and impairs synaptic facilitation and replenishment of release-competent synaptic vesicles. These properties are fully restored by presynaptic re-expression of Syt7. The regulation of Syt7 expression occurs post-transcriptionally and depends on γ-secretase activity. In the combined absence of both APP and PS1, the loss of Syt7 is prevented, indicating that the action of γ-secretase on presynaptic mechanisms depends on its substrate APP. The molecular mechanism involves the substrate of PS, APP-βCterminal (APP-βCTF), which interacts with Syt7 and accumulates in synaptic terminals under conditions of pharmacological or genetic inhibition of γ-secretase. These results reveal a role of PS in presynaptic mechanisms through regulation of Syt7 by APP-dependent cleavage, and highlight aberrant synaptic vesicle processing as a possible new pathway in AD.}, URL = {https://www.biorxiv.org/content/early/2018/02/01/258335}, eprint = {https://www.biorxiv.org/content/early/2018/02/01/258335.full.pdf}, journal = {bioRxiv} } | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
St. Andrews na Creige Golf Course
St. Andrews na Creige is a privately owned golf course located in St. Andrew's, Newfoundland, Canada.
History
St. Andrews Na Creige is a 9-hole (par 35) course located at the edge of the Long Range Mountains in the Codroy Valley of western Newfoundland. The course has plans to add an additional 9-holes and a chalet development.
The property was originally deeded to current owner Pat MacIsaac's great grandfather, Captain John MacIsaac by Queen Victoria in 1889. | WIKI |
Toby Walker
Toby Walker may refer to:
* Toby Walker (musician) who worked with Bob Fass
* Toby Walker, character in Annie Oakley (1935 film) | WIKI |
Latest available version: IDA and decompilers v8.4.240320 see all releases
Hex-Rays logo State-of-the-art binary code analysis tools
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One of the features added in IDA 7.6 was automatic renaming of variables in the decompiler.
Unlike PIT, it is not limited to stack variables but also handles variables stored in registers and not just calls but also assignments and some other expressions. It also tries to interpret function names which include a verb (get, make, fetch, query etc.) and rename the assigned result accordingly.
Triggering renaming manually
To cover situations where automatic renaming fails or insufficient, the decompiler also supports a manual action called “Quick Rename” with the default hotkey ShiftN. It can be used to propagate names across assignments and other expressions. Usually it only renames dummy variables which were not explicitly named by the user (v1, v2, etc.). Here is an incomplete list of rules used by the action:
• by name of the opposite variable in assignments: v1 = myvar: rename v1 -> myvar1
• by name of the opposite variable in comparisons: offset < v1: rename v1 -> offset1
• as pointer to a well-named variable: v1 = &Value: rename v1 -> p_Value
• by structure field in expressions: v1 = x.Next: rename v1 -> Next
• as pointer to a structure field: v1 = &x.left: rename v1 -> p_left
• by name of formal argument in a call: close(v1): rename v1 -> fd
• by name of a called function: v1=create_table(): rename v1 -> table
• by return type of called function: v1 = strchr(s, '1'): rename v1 -> str
• by a string constant: v1 = fopen("/etc/fstab", "r"): rename v1 -> etc_fstab
• by variable type: error_t v1: rename v1 -> error
• standard name for the result variable: return v1: rename v1 -> ok if current function returns bool
Example: Windows driver
We’ll inspect the driver used by Process Hacker to perform actions requiring kernel mode access. On opening kprocesshacker.sys, IDA automatically applies well-known function prototype to the DriverEntry entrypoint and loads kernel mode type libraries, so the default decompilation is already decent:
NTSTATUS __stdcall DriverEntry(_DRIVER_OBJECT *DriverObject, PUNICODE_STRING RegistryPath)
{
NTSTATUS result; // eax
NTSTATUS v5; // r11d
PDEVICE_OBJECT v6; // rax
struct _UNICODE_STRING DestinationString; // [rsp+40h] [rbp-18h] BYREF
PDEVICE_OBJECT DeviceObject; // [rsp+60h] [rbp+8h] BYREF
qword_132C0 = (__int64)DriverObject;
VersionInformation.dwOSVersionInfoSize = 284;
result = RtlGetVersion(&VersionInformation);
if ( result >= 0 )
{
result = sub_15100(RegistryPath);
if ( result >= 0 )
{
RtlInitUnicodeString(&DestinationString, L"\\Device\\KProcessHacker3");
result = IoCreateDevice(DriverObject, 0, &DestinationString, 0x22u, 0x100u, 0, &DeviceObject);
v5 = result;
if ( result >= 0 )
{
v6 = DeviceObject;
DriverObject->MajorFunction[0] = (PDRIVER_DISPATCH)&sub_11008;
qword_132D0 = (__int64)v6;
DriverObject->MajorFunction[2] = (PDRIVER_DISPATCH)&sub_1114C;
DriverObject->MajorFunction[14] = (PDRIVER_DISPATCH)&sub_11198;
DriverObject->DriverUnload = (PDRIVER_UNLOAD)sub_150EC;
v6->Flags &= ~0x80u;
return v5;
}
}
}
return result;
}
However, to make sense of it we need to make some changes. The indexes into the MajorFunction array are so-called IRP Major Function Codes which have symbolic names starting with IRP_MJ_. So we can apply the Enum action (M hotkey) to convert numbers to the corresponding symbolic constants available in the type library.
Afterwards we can rename the corresponding routines and make the pseudocode look very similar to the standard DriverEntry:
To get rid of the casts, set the proper prototypes to the dispatch routines using the “Set item type” action (Y hotkey). We can use the same prototype string for all three routines:
NTSTATUS Dispatch(PDEVICE_OBJECT Device, PIRP Irp)
This works because function name is not considered to be a part of function prototype and is ignored by IDA. For the unload function, the prototype is different:
void Unload(PDRIVER_OBJECT Driver)
After setting the prototypes, no more casts:
Now we can go into KhDispatchDeviceControl to investigate how it works. Thanks to the preset prototype, the initial pseudocode looks plausible at the first glance:
NTSTATUS __stdcall KhDispatchDeviceControl(PDEVICE_OBJECT Device, PIRP Irp)
{
// [COLLAPSED LOCAL DECLARATIONS. PRESS KEYPAD CTRL-"+" TO EXPAND]
v13 = Irp;
CurrentStackLocation = Irp->Tail.Overlay.CurrentStackLocation;
FsContext = CurrentStackLocation->FileObject->FsContext;
Parameters = CurrentStackLocation->Parameters.CreatePipe.Parameters;
Options = CurrentStackLocation->Parameters.Create.Options;
LowPart = CurrentStackLocation->Parameters.Read.ByteOffset.LowPart;
AccessMode = Irp->RequestorMode;
if ( !FsContext )
{
v9 = -1073741595;
goto LABEL_105;
}
if ( LowPart != -1718018045
&& LowPart != -1718018041
&& (dword_132CC == 2 || dword_132CC == 3)
&& (*FsContext & 2) == 0 )
But on closer inspection, some oddities become apparent. The Parameters member of the _IO_STACK_LOCATION structure is a union which contains the request-specific parameters. With insufficient information, the decompiler picked the first matching members, but they do not make sense for the request we’re dealing with. For IRP_MJ_DEVICE_CONTROL, the DeviceIoControl struct should be used.
Thus, we can use the “Select union field” action (AltY hotkey) to choose DeviceIoControl on the three references to CurrentStackLocation->Parameters to see which parameters are actually being used.
The references have been changed, but the variable names and types remain. In such situation, we can update the names by using Quick rename (ShiftN) on the assignments.
To get rid of the cast, we can either change the Type3InputBuffer variable type to void* manually, or simply refresh the decompilation (F5). This causes the decompiler to rerun the type derivation algorithm and update types of automatically typed variables.
Now the pseudocode more closely reflects what is going on. In particular, we can see that the first comparisons are checking the IoControlCode against some expected values, which makes more sense than the original LowPart.
Other uses
Quick rename can be useful when automatic renaming fails due to a name conflict. For example, if we go back to DriverEntry, we can see that DeviceObject is copied to a temporary variable v6:
v6 = DeviceObject;
DriverObject->MajorFunction[IRP_MJ_CREATE] = KhDispatchCreate;
qword_132D0 = (__int64)v6;
DriverObject->MajorFunction[IRP_MJ_CLOSE] = KhDispatchClose;
DriverObject->MajorFunction[IRP_MJ_DEVICE_CONTROL] = KhDispatchDeviceControl;
DriverObject->DriverUnload = KhUnload;
v6->Flags &= ~0x80u;
We can rename v6 manually, or simply press ShiftN on the assignment and the decompiler will reuse the name with a numerical suffix to resolve the conflict:
DeviceObject1 = DeviceObject;
DriverObject->MajorFunction[IRP_MJ_CREATE] = KhDispatchCreate;
qword_132D0 = (__int64)DeviceObject1;
DriverObject->MajorFunction[IRP_MJ_CLOSE] = KhDispatchClose;
DriverObject->MajorFunction[IRP_MJ_DEVICE_CONTROL] = KhDispatchDeviceControl;
DriverObject->DriverUnload = KhUnload;
DeviceObject1->Flags &= ~0x80u;
| ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
hold hard
Etymology
Originally an expression used in riding or driving, now general.
Verb
* 1) To remain still; to stop suddenly.
* Hold hard: here come the sheep. | WIKI |
A French Region Considers the Costs of a New Europe
Opponents of European Union's draft constitution, which faces close vote in French referendum this month, seize on Schirmeck case as example of everything that is wrong with new Europe that France has helped to build; Schirmeck drew national attention this month when tiny transformer factory there laid off nine employees because it was moving to Romania; factory told employees they could keep their jobs if they wanted to move there to work for about $140 a month, about a tenth of what they had been earning in France; new European Union members, which have cheaper labor, lower taxes and more lax industrial regulations than their Western European neighbors, make attractive place for employers constrained by social welfare costs and elaborate workers' rights laws in countries like France; photo (L) | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Approval Rating for Supreme Court Hits Just 44% in Poll - The New York Times
Advertisement By ADAM LIPTAK and ALLISON KOPICKIJUNE 7, 2012 WASHINGTON Just 44 percent of Americans approve of the job the Supreme Court is doing and three-quarters say the justices' decisions are sometimes influenced by their personal or political views, according to a poll conducted by The New York Times and CBS News. Those findings are a fresh indication that the court's standing with the public has slipped significantly in the past quarter-century, according to surveys conducted by several polling organizations. Approval was as high as 66 percent in the late 1980s, and by 2000 approached 50 percent. The decline in the court's standing may stem in part from Americans' growing distrust in recent years of major institutions in general and the government in particular. But it also could reflect a sense that the court is more political, after the ideologically divided 5-to-4 decisions in Bush v. Gore, which determined the 2000 presidential election, and Citizens United, the 2010 decision allowing unlimited campaign spending by corporations and unions. The results of this and other recent polls call into question two pieces of conventional wisdom, said Lee Epstein, who teaches law and political science at the University of Southern California. One is that the court's approval rating has been stable over the years, the other is that it has been consistently higher than that of the other branches of government, Professor Epstein said. Advertisement On the highest-profile issue now facing the court, the poll found that more than two-thirds of Americans hope that the court overturns some or all of the 2010 health care law when it rules, probably this month. There was scant difference in the court's approval rating between supporters and opponents of the law. Advertisement Either way, though, many Americans do not seem to expect the court to decide the case solely along constitutional lines. Just one in eight Americans said the justices decided cases based only on legal analysis. As far as the Supreme Court goes, judgments can't be impersonal, Vicki Bartlett, 57, an independent in Bremerton, Wash., said in a follow-up interview. When you make judgments, it's always personal. But the best hope is that they will do their job within the legal parameters. The public is skeptical about life tenure for the justices, with 60 percent agreeing with the statement that appointing Supreme Court justices for life is a bad thing because it gives them too much power. One-third agreed with a contrary statement, that life tenure for justices is a good thing because it helps keep them independent from political pressures. Thirty-six percent of Americans said they disapproved of how the Supreme Court was handling its job, while 20 percent expressed no opinion. Though the court's approval rating has always been above that of Congress which is at 15 percent in the latest poll it has occasionally dipped below that of the president. A Gallup tracking poll conducted at the same time as the new survey by The Times and CBS News had President Obama's approval rating at 47 percent, but about as many respondents disapproved of his performance. The court's tepid approval ratings crossed ideological lines and policy agendas. Liberals and conservatives both registered about 40 percent approval rates. Forty-three percent of people who hoped the court would strike down the health care law approved of its work, but so did 41 percent of those who favored keeping the law. The court was also expected to decide this month whether a tough Arizona immigration law conflicts with federal immigration laws and policies. Perhaps the most contested part of the state law is one that often requires the police there to check the immigration status of people they stop or arrest. Advertisement As a general matter, more than 6 in 10 Americans said both the federal and state governments should play a role in addressing illegal immigration. A quarter said the federal government should have sole responsibility, and 11 percent said only state governments should address the matter. One-third of Americans said the part of the Arizona law allowing the police to question people about their immigration status goes too far, and half said it was about right. Coverage of Supreme Court arguments in the case in April did not seem to affect public attitudes on the question, which have not changed since 2010. Please verify you're not a robot by clicking the box. Invalid email address. Please re-enter. You must select a newsletter to subscribe to. View all New York Times newsletters. The responses on immigration split along partisan and racial lines. About half of Democrats but only one in seven Republicans said the law went too far. The recent survey did not have enough black and Hispanic respondents to make fine distinctions among racial and ethnic groups, but 46 percent of those who identified themselves as nonwhite said the provision went too far, compared with 28 percent of non-Hispanic whites. Asked about the health care case, 41 percent of those surveyed said the court should strike down the entire law, and another 27 percent said the justices should overturn only the individual mandate, which requires most Americans to obtain health insurance or pay a penalty. Only 24 percent said they hoped the court would keep the entire health care law in place. These numbers have not changed much in recent months and appeared to be largely unaffected by the more than six hours of arguments in the Supreme Court in March. Some respondents said their view of the court could drop, depending on how it rules. The government is mandating that you have to buy something, and that shouldn't be the case, said Chuck Eriksen, 80, an independent of Cardington, Ohio. I don't like the whole thing in general. My opinion of the Supreme Court will diminish if they approve of it. There was greater Republican opposition to the law than Democratic support. About two-thirds of Republicans in the recent survey said the entire law should be overturned, while 43 percent of Democrats said all of it should be upheld. More than 70 percent of independents said they wanted to see some parts or all of the law struck down, with more of them saying they hoped to see the whole law overturned. Twenty-two percent of independents said they hoped the entire law would survive. Responses varied by education, too. Nearly a third of respondents with a college degree said they would like to see the law upheld, compared with about 20 percent of those without a college diploma. Dr. Gerald Schall, 68, a San Francisco independent, said that he approved of most of the law, but not the mandate, and hoped that the court would follow suit. If they overturn the whole thing, he said, it'll be like seeing your mother-in-law go over a cliff in your new Lexus. Advertisement The nationwide poll is based on telephone interviews with 976 adults conducted May 31 through June 3 on landlines and cellphones and has a margin-of-sampling error of plus or minus three percentage points. Adam Liptak reported from Washington, and Allison Kopicki from New York. Marina Stefan and Dalia Sussman contributed reporting from New York. A version of this article appears in print on June 8, 2012, on Page A1 of the New York edition with the headline: Approval Rating For Justices Hits just 44% In Poll. Order Reprints| Today's Paper|Subscribe We're interested in your feedback on this page. Tell us what you think. Go to Home Page » | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Talk:The Story of Gangstalicious 2
Pearl Necklace
Nothing? No mention? About the symbolism? LOL! <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:41, 18 February 2009 (UTC)
What's the symbolism? — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 14:01, 7 January 2014 (UTC) | WIKI |
Thu. Aug 5th, 2021
Are you struggling with weight management? If yes, you need to assess what you do and eat daily. Several people suffer from the woes of obesity and its associated health conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure, cardiovascular diseases, and more because they do not exercise and are eating the wrong food. Simply thinking about weight loss will not help you to shed off the excess pounds. You need to take action and walk towards the right path with the help of a good personal transformation coach to help you attain your goals.
Charles D’Angelo – How can you kickstart your weight loss journey?
Charles D’Angelo is a popular transformation coach and has assisted several USA clients in their weight loss stories. Many motivational weight loss stories of his clients are shared in the widely acclaimed series Transformation Tuesday where the story highlights how his personal coaching has improved their well-being and weight loss goals.
He says that most people who want to lose weight lack the motivation they need to remain persistent in the goals. He adds that several people join a gym and often get scared by the look of the different kinds of machines there. Despite spending hours at the gym, they see no results and quit.
Regular and moderate exercise to beat the fat
Research shows that one does not have to work out for long hours at a stretch to witness the advantages of exercise. Short, frequent exercise sessions of just 10 minutes at least two to three times a day work well. Here you can choose moderate workout activities that give you the same advantages as a longer session in the gym. Adding variety to your exercise routine helps you to remain motivated, see gradual results and make you look and feel good. In this way, you will not get bored over time.
Balanced routine
You should have a balanced routine that includes cardio workouts for the health of your heart, resistance training for obtaining strength, functional fitness workouts for balance, and last but not least, stretching for body flexibility. This does not stop here at just 30 minutes a day; the amount of idle time where you sit matters as well. You must avoid a sedentary lifestyle and move throughout the day.
Extra benefits
Regular exercise routines aid weight control, boost your strength, enhance sex drive, improve your self-esteem as well as body image, and triggers quality sleep. Regular exercise has proved to boost brain health, too, with improvements in learning and memory. Therefore, if you are struggling with excess weight, do not allow it to control your life. Even one small step of exercising regularly for at least 30 minutes a day consistently will show you results. Change your workouts frequently and see the positive transformation it will make to your mind and body over time.
Charles D’Angelo further says that in addition to the above, exercise has other significant benefits in your life. It helps you to reduce the risks of chronic diseases like cancer, heart disease, and diabetes. It combats the effects of high blood pressure and stress. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
US Services Growth Rebounds in October: Markit
US Services Growth Rebounds in October: MarkitUnited States Services PMIThe IHS Markit US Services PMI came in at 54.8 in October 2018, almost unchanged from a preliminary reading of 54.7 and above the previous month's eight-month low of 53.5. Output growth regained momentum after September’s weather-related weakness driven by a sharp expansion in new business amid more favorable demand conditions and new product launches. Meanwhile, the pace of job creation eased to a nine-month low mainly due to difficulties finding suitable candidates. Therefore, capacity pressures remained, with backlogs rising further. On the price front, input cost inflation quickened to the fastest since September 2013 and the rate of charge inflation was the second-highest in the nine-year series history. The level of optimism improved to a five-month high in October.2018-11-05T14:52:00 | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Opinion | Name Brand Nostalgia
Opinion GAMBIER, Ohio — When I was a child, my family traveled with a single, totemic “toilet articles bag.” With its Pan Am logo, it hinted at the international life my parents had lived before my sisters and I came along. Now their only travels consisted of vacations to Lake Champlain in Vermont or Rehoboth Beach in Delaware. While my mother was in charge of packing the paisley, non-rolling suitcases, the toilet articles bag was my father’s domain. Into its navy blue plastic he put all those brands I associate with my childhood — Sea and Ski, Bayer aspirin, Noxzema. My father used the Dry Look to keep his comb-over in place, the neutral, masculine name allowing him to use what must have been hair spray. He believed in Vick’s VapoRub for chest colds and Desitin — a fishy-smelling ointment meant for Norwegians and diaper rashes — for everything else. He spent long hours in our only bathroom with a towel wrapped around his waist and a Q-tip stuck in each ear, shaving with Gillette foam and gargling with Listerine, finally emerging in a cloud of humidity and the fluorocarbons from his Right Guard aerosol deodorant. To me, my father was the castle on the Kent cigarettes he smoked. He drove a Beetle with a similar castle on the steering wheel; the clangorous sound of it pulling into the garage meant that he was home from work at the C.I.A. and it would soon be dinnertime. He had his first heart attack pushing that car; whenever it stalled he would aim it downhill, running alongside, then hop in and pop the clutch. After washing the dinner dishes, my mother would apply Jergens lotion while walking through the house, twisting her hands like Lady Macbeth. She didn’t wear makeup, except for the red lipstick she wore to our orchestra concerts. She used Ivory soap, except at Christmas, when she was given Yardley. She used Kotex pads with a belt, and had Catholic concerns about our intrusive Playtex tampons. Everyone used Crest toothpaste, and when gel toothpaste was invented, my parents maintained a wary distance. To them, the gel seemed slightly louche, like using margarine instead of butter. My younger sister was still a kid when I went off to college, so I don’t remember her having any products of her own. But my older sister was all Bonne Bell and Johnson’s Baby Oil; she was determined to tan despite our Scottish skin. She battled the oily hair of adolescence with Herbal Essence and Psssst, a groundbreaking dry shampoo. She didn’t need these products to be beautiful; she had my father’s blue eyes, and her shapely calves made mine look like French’s potato sticks. It was gilding the lily when she lightened her hair with Sun In and doused herself in Jean Naté. But the “body splash” helped to disguise the smell of the marijuana she smoked her junior year of high school, when, according to our parents, she ruined her college chances with mediocre report cards. Years after the heyday of the Pan Am bag, I gave my parents two matching, wheeled, carry-on suitcases, which they used to visit their children and grandchildren, and once for a barge trip down the Rhine. My mother brought hers when she came to stay with us after Hurricane Sandy flooded her home. My younger sister had packed it, along with an index card that listed all our telephone numbers, in case she got confused en route, and a copy of her do-not-resuscitate order. My father was gone by then, and her toiletries had been stuffed into a plastic grocery bag. My two grown sons may one day feel the pang I felt when I saw my mother’s familiar sundries in that bag, if they come upon the tubes and jars that now live upon my bureau — the Dove powder deodorant, Aveda hand cream and Kiehl’s grapefruit body butter. And when those brands have fallen out of fashion, or are gone altogether, I’ll probably be gone, too. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
José Luis Vilela de Acuña
José Luis Vilela de Acuña (born 19 March 1953) is a Cuban chess International master (IM) (1977), Cuban Chess Championship winner (1977).
Biography
From the begin of 1970s to the begin of 1980s José Luis Vilela de Acuña was one of Cuba's leading chess players. In 1977, he shared first place with Gerardo Lebredo Zarragoitia and Jesús Nogueiras in Cuban Chess Championship. All three chess players have been declared Cuban chess champions.
José Luis Vilela de Acuña played for Cuba in the Chess Olympiads:
* In 1978, at fourth board in the 23rd Chess Olympiad in Buenos Aires (+2, =2, -2),
* In 1982, at second reserve board in the 25th Chess Olympiad in Lucerne (+1, =3, -1).
José Luis Vilela de Acuña played for Cuba in the World Student Team Chess Championships:
* In 1972, at fourth board in the 19th World Student Team Chess Championship in Graz (+2, =3, -5),
* In 1974, at fourth board in the 20th World Student Team Chess Championship in Teesside (+5, =4, -2),
* In 1976, at first reserve board in the 21st World Student Team Chess Championship in Caracas (+2, =3, -0) and won team bronze medal,
* In 1977, at fourth board in the 22nd World Student Team Chess Championship in Mexico City (+8, =1, -0) and won team silver medal.
José Luis Vilela de Acuña played for Cuba in the World Youth U26 Team Chess Championship:
* In 1978, at third board in the 1st World Youth U26 Team Chess Championship in Mexico City (+5, =4, -1) and won team bronze medal.
José Luis Vilela de Acuña played for Cuba in the CACAC Team Chess Championship:
* In 1974, at fourth board in the 12th CACAC Team Chess Championship in San Salvador (+5, =2, -0) and won team and individual gold medals.
In 1977, José Luis Vilela de Acuña was awarded the FIDE International Master (IM) title. He is also a FIDE Trainer and worked as chess trainer. | WIKI |
Baghban
The Baghban are a Muslim community, found in North India and in Pakistan. In the Deccan region they are known as Bagwan. | WIKI |
Izip Electric Bike Battery Pack – Electric Bike Distance Range
Electric bikes can be utilized to commute to function, institution or play any type of area where bicycles are enabled. The electric bike array is expanding with even more technological improvements. Even more individuals are attracted to the healthy and balanced benefits of riding an electrical bike. Seniors and the less than in shape populace can currently participate in this enjoyable sporting activity as well as make use of its wide range of health and wellness optimizing benefits. So, if you are just one of those searching for info on electric bike array, bring you valuable answers to the oft Repeated question as to what electric bike battery is required for optimum usage.
There are numerous factors that regulate the size as well as weight of an electric bike range, consisting of the kind of electric motor being used. Other factors consist of the condition of the surface under which the lorry will be driven. It is essential to understand whether the lorry will be driven on smooth paved roadways or harsh surface. It’s additionally required to take into consideration the surface in the city and also backwoods. Driving on mountain roads need to require unique batteries to withstand the tension as well as volatility of the nature’s pressures.
There are numerous variables which identify the pedaling rate of electric bikes. The pedaling rate is essentially the force with which the biker applies on the pedals to keep a consistent speed. The a lot more reliable and also powerful the electric motor is, the quicker and a lot more efficient the pedaling will be. Bikes typically have a series of around 15 mph when just starting out and also rise to speed up much quicker as the electric motor obtains stronger. Izip Electric Bike Battery Pack
The surface under which the electrical bike array is to be ridden likewise affects the battery fee capability of the motor and also the rate with which the bike pedals. When the surface is flat and also smooth, the battery can preserve its fee for a very long time before requiring recharging. Hills and also uneven terrains present special challenges to the battery. The terrain forces the electric motor to function more challenging and also for this reason, causes increased battery acidity as well as for this reason boosted battery damage.
Among the main variables affecting the capacity of an electric bike battery is the proportion in which it is covered up. The greater the ratio, the better is the gain in power and distance covered. Greater courts would certainly indicate that the even more times the battery has been topped-up, the more miles per hour the electric motor can go. At the same time, reduced geurts means that the battery ability is limited by the slower rise in electrical power. Therefore, it is suggested to choose a variety that falls in between the two varieties, so as to cover all the occasions that an electrical bike may be used.
The efficiency of electrical bikes depends on the electrical bike speed. Greater rates indicate greater use of energy. However, electrical bike speed is a feature of torque as well as not pressure. As a result, e-bikes with less than full power can not take a trip extremely much.
The 2nd significant element impacting the capacity of electric bike ranges is the weight of the electric motor. Basically significant batteries are needed for greater rate e-bikes. Bikes with bigger weight are much easier to drive and therefore need a smaller battery. Therefore, e-bikes with greater rate call for batteries of higher dimension.
E-bikes that are propelled by pedaling use a various approach for achieving maximum performance. The electrical bike uses the power of the motorcyclist’s legs pressing the pedals and also thus transforming the wheel quicker. Hence, bigger battery is needed for this kind of riding. Motorcyclists choose this style of riding for obtaining a good exercise in lower time. For much better exercise, nevertheless, higher speed is preferred. Izip Electric Bike Battery Pack | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
ABSITE ch 32 biliary system.txt
Card Set Information
Author:
alshada
ID:
3715
Filename:
ABSITE ch 32 biliary system.txt
Updated:
2010-01-11 11:06:00
Tags:
biliary system ABSITE
Folders:
Description:
ABSITE biliary system
Show Answers:
1. What artery does the cystic artery come off of?
Right hepatic a.
2. Triangle of Calot
Cystic duct, CBD, liver edge
3. Blood supply to CBD
Right hepatic artery, GDA
4. Parasympathetic innervation of gallbladder
Vagus (anterior/left trunk)
5. Sympathetic innervation of gallbladder
T7-T10
6. Drug that contracts the sphincter of Oddi
Morphine
7. Drug that relaxes the sphincter of Oddi
Glucagon
8. Normal CBD size
<8mm
9. Normal GB wall size
<4mm
10. Normal pancreatic duct size
<4mm
11. Invagination of epithelium of the wall of the GB formed from increased GB pressure
Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses
12. Biliary ducts that go directly into the GB from the liver
Ducts of Luschka
13. Factors that increase bile excretion (3)
CCK, secretin, vagal input
14. Factors that decrease bile excretion (3)
Somatostatin, VIP, sympathetic stimulation
15. Essential functions of bile (3)
Fat soluble vitamin absorption, bilirubin excretion, cholesterol excretion
16. % of bile salts lost in stool
5-10%
17. Location of active resorption of conjugated bile salts (and proportion absorbed by this method)
Terminal ileum (50%)
18. Location of passive resorption of nonconjugated bile salts (and proportion absorbed by this method)
Small intestine (45%) and colon (5%)
19. Breakdown product of conjugated bilirubin in the gut; gives stool brown color
Stercobilin
20. Breakdown product of conjugated bilirubin in gut; yellow
Urobilin
21. Enzyme that synthesizes cholesterol
HMG coA reductase
22. Cause of gallstones in obese people
Overactive HMG coA reductase
23. Cause of gallstones in thin people
Underactive 7-alpha-hydroxylase
24. Most common type of gallstone found on ultrasound
Nonpigmented stones
25. Gallstones caused by stasis, calcium nucleation by mucin glycoproteins, and increased water absorption from GB
nonpigmented stones
26. Most common type of gallstone worldwide (ex: US)
Pigmented stones
27. Gallstones caused by solubilization of unconj bili with precipitation of calcium
Pigmented stones
28. Gallstones caused by hemolytic disorders or cirrhosis, chronic TPN or ileal resection
Black stones
29. Type of stone primarily found in CBD
Brown stones
30. GB wall distension and inflammation caused by obstruction of cystic duct by stones
Cholecystitis
31. Most common organisms in suppurative cholecystitis (3)
E. coli, klebsiella, enterococcus
32. Findings of acute cholecystitis (3)
Gallstones, GB wall thickening, pericholecystic fluid
33. If GB cannot be seen on HIDA, then . . .
Cystic duct is probably obstructed; need cholecystectomy
34. Impaired GB excretion despite adequate stimulation by CCK
Biliary dyskinesia
35. Indications for preop ERCP (6)
Jaundice, cholangitis, pancreatitis, inc bilirubin, inc AST/ALT, CBD stone
36. % of patients who have a retained stone after cholecystectomy
5
37. Transient cystic duct obstruction caused by gallstone passage
Biliary colic
38. Causes of pneumobilia (3)
Previous ERCP, cholangitis, erosion of biliary system into duodenum (gallstone ileus)
39. Causes of acalculous cholecystitis (4)
Severe burns, prolonged TPN, trauma, major surgery
40. Gas in GB wall secondary to C. perfringens
Emphasematous gallbladder disease
41. Fistula between GB and duodenum causing SBO
Gallstone ileus
42. Treatment of CBD injury after lap chole
Hepaticojejunostomy (if >50% circumference injury); primary repair (if <50% circumference)
43. Treatment of bile leak
ERCP/stent if small injury, hepaticojejunostomy if large injury
44. Most important cause of late postoperative biliary strictures
Ischemia
45. UGI bleed, jaundice, RUQ pain + Fistula between biliary system and hepatic artery
Hemobilia
46. Most common cancer of biliary tract
GB adenocarcinoma
47. Gallbladder type that increases risk of GB cancer
Porcelain gallbladder
48. Treatment of porcelain GB
Cholecystectomy
49. Treatment of stage I GB cancer
Cholecystectomy
50. Treatment of stage II GB cancer
Cholecystectomy + segment IV and V resection + regional lymphadenectomy
51. Risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma (7)
C. sinesis infection, typhoid, PSC, UC, choledochal cyst, chronic bile duct infection, congenital hepatic fibrosis
52. Cholangiocarcinoma in upper 1/3 of bile duct; usually unresectable
Klatskin tumor
53. Fusiform or saccular dilation of extrahepatic ducts
Type I choledochal cyst
54. Totally intrahepatic cystic disease of bile ducts
Type V choledochal cyst (Karoli�s disease)
55. Autoimmune disease with beading of bile ducts on ERCP; can lead to portal HTN and hepatic failure
PSC
56. Drug to decrease pruritic symptoms in liver disease (2)
Cholestyramine, urodeoxycholic acid (UDCA)
57. Autoimmune disease caused by anti-mitochondrial antibodies that can lead to liver failure
PBC
58. Charcots triad
RUQ pain, fever, jaundice
59. Reynold�s pentad
Charcot�s triad + mental status changes and shock
60. Most common organisms causing cholangitis
E. coli, Klebsiella
61. Late complications of cholangitis (2)
Abscess, stricture
62. Most common cause of shock after lap chole (2: early AND late)
Hemorrhagic (from clip falling off) and septic (from CBD clip/cholangitis)
63. Thickened nodule of mucosa and muscle associated with Rokitansky-Aschoff sinus
Adenomyomatosis
64. Benign neuroectoderm tumor of GB
Granular cell myoblastoma
65. Speckled cholesterol deposits on GB wall
Cholesterolosis
66. Treatment of GB polyp
Cholecystectomy
67. Compression of common hepatic duct by a stone in the infundibulum of GB
Mirizzi syndrome | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Alex Deans (2nd nomination)
The result was keep. The Wordsmith Talk to me 14:54, 24 August 2016 (UTC)
Alex Deans
AfDs for this article:
* – ( View AfD View log Stats )
Problematic WP:BLP, with some overtones of advertorial/PR spin, of a university student whose main claim of notability is that he won a couple of youth science awards for inventing a device that, as of today, is still not actually available on the market as a consumer product. The referencing here is fully two-thirds to primary sources, like corporate and organizational press releases, that cannot support notability -- and the few pieces of reliable source coverage sprinkled in among the self-promotion are virtually all the same pieces of coverage that were deemed not enough to get him over WP:GNG the first time an article about him came up for AFD two years ago. And the other, potentially more serious, problem here is that virtually the entire substantive edit history has been at the hands of 17 newly-registered WP:SPAs (the creator, 15 more followup editors and one more who added Deans to a list of people but never edited the BLP itself) that have existed only to edit this article -- these editors almost certainly represent a coordinated puppet campaign (of either the sock or meat varieties) by one or more people with a direct conflict of interest. As always, Wikipedia is not a place where anybody is entitled to keep a LinkedIn-style profile for promotional or public relations purposes. It's an encyclopedia, where certain specific quantifiable standards of notability and sourceability have to be demonstrated for an article to become earned -- but nothing written or sourced here suggests that the subject belongs in an encyclopedia yet, and SPA puppets don't get to make up their own special rules for their own pet topic. Delete. Bearcat (talk) 18:28, 11 July 2016 (UTC) *Interesting discussion - I contributed at one point to this page and agree that at its current state reads slightly advertorial. I also recently removed the last "media" section which seemed superfluous. That being said, I agree withKurtis that Mr. Deans's accomplishments exceed GNG requirements. This person is notable for an encyclopedia, so I vote keep, though would suggest some small re-writes in section 2014-present to align with more encyclopedic language. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Marialaee (talk • contribs) 19:15, 11 July 2016 (UTC)
* Interesting read. On one hand, this person has clearly amassed a great deal of noteworthy accomplishments - at face value, he would seem to fulfill GNG. However, it does read as self-aggrandizement. This is a borderline case, but I'm leaning delete per nom. He's really not that significant in the grand scheme of things, and his invention hasn't actually been marketed for public consumption. Kurtis (talk) 18:47, 11 July 2016 (UTC)
* Please note that SPI/CheckUser has confirmed that virtually all of the substantive editors to this article, including Marialaee, are indeed sockpuppets of a single user and have been editblocked. Bearcat (talk) 00:05, 12 July 2016 (UTC)
* Possible technical reason for deletion: This page had previously been deleted twice, once by AFD, once by speedy. Given that all the major editors were sock puppets, that means that the person who created this third edition is the same as the creator of the second edition, User:Markus1463, which means that in effect he undid his own speedy deletion, which is a no-no. (Actually, there may have been one more edition than I was counting; I see that the first take was marked to be speedy-deleted, and I don't have access to information about whether the speedy was declined, or whether it was accepted, the article quickly rebuilt, and then AFD.) Perhaps User_talk:Alex_Deans should have been included in the sock investigation? --Nat Gertler (talk) 01:35, 12 July 2016 (UTC)
* The speedy on the first version was declined, which precipitated it being taken to AFD. For what it's worth. Bearcat (talk) 03:21, 12 July 2016 (UTC)
* Keep - While this is burdened with promotional fluff, it's a very clear GNG keep based on sources showing. Don't let WP:IDONTLIKEIT get in the way of your judgement on the matter. Needs some editorial weed-whacking, for sure. Carrite (talk) 16:02, 16 July 2016 (UTC)
* Fully two thirds of the sourcing here is the primary sourcing kind, and the remaining third is the same set of sources that were deemed not sufficient to get him over GNG the first time. So where's there a GNG pass here exactly? This isn't about me liking or not liking the subject — I hate Donald Trump, but he's clearly notable, and I love my six-year-old niece, but she's clearly not notable. This is strictly about the level of sourcing present, which is simply not where it needs to be. Bearcat (talk) 16:53, 16 July 2016 (UTC)
* Which leaves 1/3 of the sources as okay and you need 3 decent ones to meet GNG. Carrite (talk) 01:20, 18 July 2016 (UTC)
* Which part of "the remaining third is the same set of sources that were deemed not sufficient to get him over GNG the first time" did you miss? There's not a single reliable source here, including the ones you point out below, that wasn't already considered, and discounted as not enough, the first time — two of the three sources you singled out below, frex, are local coverage in his own hometown, where human interest coverage of "local teen wins teen achievement award" is pretty common and WP:ROUTINE. (I was the subject of that many local media pieces in 1989 after I did well in a high school poetry contest — but that's not nearly enough by itself to make me a notable poet.) Bearcat (talk) 16:11, 18 July 2016 (UTC)
* (1) Windsor Star, "Inventive Windsor teen named 'future leader' by Maclean's magazine." (2) Canadian Broadcasting Corp., "Alex Deans Wins Ontario Science Center Award...". (3) Toronto Globe and Mail: "Young Inventor Inspired to Give Back." Multiple, independently published sources of presumed reliability dealing substantially with the subject. GNG is met, we are done... Carrite (talk) 01:27, 18 July 2016 (UTC)
Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus.
* Delete Per nom. The independent sources point to someone who is on the way to notability but not quite there. One of them says he hopes to be able to market his invention within a couple years. If it sells well, that might get him up to GNG. At the moment all we have is a guy with a few "he has potential" mentions trying to sockfarm an article about himself onto Wikipedia. INeverCry 00:26, 19 July 2016 (UTC)
Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, MBisanz talk 03:11, 19 July 2016 (UTC)
* Delete This is borderline and doesn't really pass GNG. I'm also leaning delete per WP:NOTPROMO and WP:NOTDIR. The subject is locally notable for participating in science fairs and winning awards - but quite a few kids have won such awards. The product he is working on hasn't really developed so I don't see what kind of lasting notability the subject would be known for at present. It should also be remembered that GNG is simply a presumption of notability - not a guarantee. Wikipedia is not a directory of kids winning science fairs (even kids winning multiple science fairs). Neither is it a platform for promotion. The multiple bad faith attempts at trying to create this article show that the intent is to promote a non-notable subject. A clear delete from my side. --Lemongirl942 (talk) 11:15, 20 July 2016 (UTC)
* I understand and share some of your concerns (even if I have a different idea of what should be done about them) but I do want to register that I think the "Wikipedia is not a directory of kids winning science fairs" is off-base for this. For one, Wikipedia actually is a directory of kids winning spelling bees, and an Intel prize is considerably more consequential going forward even than Scripps is. IMO, the problem really isn't that this couldn't be encyclopedic; it's only whether there are enough sources to develop a valid rather than promotional entry. Have posted more to sourcing question below. Innisfree987 (talk) 20:44, 2 August 2016 (UTC)
* That's actually a list of kids winning spelling bees. These kids don't have their own individual articles. Similarly, if the subject's name was added to the list of winners, I wouldn't mind. But I frankly don't think it deserves its own article. The facts in the sources btw are largely primary, having been gleaned from interviews with the subject and the sources are local. --Lemongirl942 (talk) 01:06, 7 August 2016 (UTC)
* Delete per Lemongirl941, and for being the recreation of a page deleted by deletion discussion that does not fix the reasons for deletion. --Nat Gertler (talk) 14:37, 20 July 2016 (UTC)
* Keep: Sorry, but I'm seeing substantive coverage in multiple reliable sources, and obviously not press releases either. That sockpuppets are putting their oars in, that this was previously up at AfD, that the article was written in a promotional style, none of that matters -- those are content disputes that aren't within AfD's purview. I'm also unimpressed with Lemongirl's reasoning: indeed, the GNG is not a guarantee, but it sure as hell isn't optional, and I want rather a better reason to blithely ignore it than that some of you don't think the kid is old enough, or famous enough, or hasn't "earned" lasting notability. Baldly put, so what? Nha Trang Allons! 18:05, 20 July 2016 (UTC)
* GNG is not really met here - quite a few of the secondary sources are local news and if we consider local news, then it would be quite easy for many individuals to have articles. WP:NOTDIR applies here as Wikipedia is not a directory of kids who have won science fairs. And WP:NOTPROMO applies here as well - the intent is clearly to promote the subject. If the GNG isn't a guarantee that indeed means that it is "optional". --Lemongirl942 (talk) 15:09, 25 July 2016 (UTC)
* I disagree on the GNG not being met: we're not talking about local supermarket weeklies, we're talking some of Canada's most prominent papers, and there is no guideline or policy debarring local papers being used for a source. As far as the "intent" goes, you are not a mindreader, and neither am I: we have no idea, actually, whether the "intent" in creating the article was promotional or not. Your application of NOTDIR is just plain baffling: this is an article sourced to reliable sources with significant coverage of the subject, and there's nothing debarring Wikipedia from having an article on a kid who won science fairs. Your argument sounds like a giant honking WP:ITSNOTIMPORTANT deal. Nha Trang Allons! 14:48, 9 August 2016 (UTC)
* This is an example of "local news" in an otherwise respected newspaper. And the intent here is promotional: they have been using multiple accounts to get this article up on Wikipedia. AGF only goes so far. --Lemongirl942 (talk) 11:02, 10 August 2016 (UTC)
* You can also see this Sockpuppet investigations/Markus1463/Archive for their intentions. Nobody abuses a bunch of accounts to productively contribute to the encyclopaedia. --Lemongirl942 (talk) 11:04, 10 August 2016 (UTC)
* Nobody ever said local media was always inherently invalid sourcing. But local media cover local people accomplishing things of no encyclopedic significance all the time — local teen wins science fair award, local teen wins local poetry contest, single mother opens new furniture store on Main Street, city councillor holds press conference to demand new traffic lights at the corner of Dewey Boulevard and McDonald Drive, PTA president denounces plan to close local elementary school, nine-toed teen tries out for high school football team, etc. — so local coverage can be deprecated as not able to assist passage of GNG in and of itself, even while still being valid for supplementary confirmation of facts after GNG has already been satisfied by stronger sources. It all depends on whether the context in which said coverage is being given constitutes an encyclopedic claim of notability or not. If a person satisfies an SNG by virtue of a specific, quantifiable and notable accomplishment (mayor of a city large enough to get its mayors over NPOL, winner of a notable national literary award, etc.), then we don't care how local or non-local the sourcing is because that accomplishment covers off the notability question in and of itself — but if they haven't, and instead you're shooting for "notable because media coverage exists", then localized sourcing doesn't assist GNG and can only serve as supplementary verification of facts after GNG has already been met elsewhere, because local media frequently devote coverage time to local people of no wider encyclopedic interest. Bearcat (talk) 15:58, 11 August 2016 (UTC)
* Delete as I'm simply still not seeing enough for a comfortably confident substance for his own notability. SwisterTwister talk 21:22, 27 July 2016 (UTC)
* Keep The subject has received significant coverage in this 2012 article in The Globe and Mail, this 2014 article in Maclean's, and this 2015 article from the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation among the other sources listed in the article. These three sources are all national publications, not local publications. They cover the subject over a period of three years, demonstrating that has received persistent coverage. He easily passes Notability, which requires "significant coverage in reliable sources that are independent of the subject". Regarding the concerns about promotion, Editing policy and Deletion is not cleanup. Cunard (talk) 06:36, 1 August 2016 (UTC)
* The news is specifically from the "local" sections. And GNG is a presumption, not a guarantee. We often delete articles due to WP:NOT and over here WP:NOTDIR applies. --Lemongirl942 (talk) 07:34, 1 August 2016 (UTC)
* The CBC source is from CBC Windsor (see the "windsor" right in its URL), not the CBC's national news division — so it's local coverage in his own hometown, where "local teen does stuff" coverage is expected and WP:ROUTINE. The Maclean's is a "several young future leaders" listicle, featuring barely 100 words about Deans, and therefore not substantive. Those sources would count toward supplementary confirmation of facts after GNG had already been passed, but cannot bring the GNG in and of themselves. Which leaves us with just the Globe and Mail, which leaves us with GNG not met because one GNG-qualifying source is not enough to pass GNG. And just like I told Carrite above, all three of those sources are among the set of sources that have already been looked at and found to be not enough the first time. If you want to show that he passes GNG, you need to show new sources that haven't already been considered and discounted, not just repeating the same inadequate sources over and over again. Bearcat (talk) 15:50, 1 August 2016 (UTC)
* Keep Ongoing news coverage of him. Seems to be a leaning the youth of the subject as a partial reason to delete. I see more reasons to keep the article than delete. Karl Twist (talk) 10:23, 2 August 2016 (UTC)
* Keep I certainly agree there are problems with the entry, but since "Notability is a property of a subject and not of a Wikipedia article" (emphasis in the original), and I see cited sources from the Globe and Mail, the Independent, the CBC, and then here's more attention from:
* 1) Metro
* 2) GOOD magazine
* 3) Bustle
* 4) Upworthy
* 5) The Indian Tribune
* 6) Sputnik News
* ...I feel comfortable saying GNG is met. Innisfree987 (talk) 20:27, 2 August 2016 (UTC)
* I think you may be the first established editor in Wikipedia history to try putting forward Upworthy as a reliable source (which it's not.) Bearcat (talk) 17:59, 7 August 2016 (UTC)
* Update I've taken a pass at reorganizing and cutting out a lot of the promotionalism. Plenty more where that came from, truth be told, so if anyone else wants to hop in please do! In meantime I hope it's A, somewhat improved, and B, a little easier to assess for what more legitimate aspects there might be. Innisfree987 (talk) 01:49, 3 August 2016 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Academics and educators-related deletion discussions. Lemongirl942 (talk) 02:28, 3 August 2016 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Artists-related deletion discussions. Lemongirl942 (talk) 02:28, 3 August 2016 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Science-related deletion discussions. Lemongirl942 (talk) 02:28, 3 August 2016 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of United Kingdom-related deletion discussions. Lemongirl942 (talk) 02:28, 3 August 2016 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Canada-related deletion discussions. Lemongirl942 (talk) 02:28, 3 August 2016 (UTC)
Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus.
Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, — Coffee // have a cup // beans // 07:04, 3 August 2016 (UTC)
* Keep Clear pass of the GNG. Claiming sources are "local" doesn't really mean anything to me. The New York Times, our gold standard, is "local" to New York. Should I discount the NYT as a source because its obviously local? Th e S te ve 07:53, 6 August 2016 (UTC)
* Depending on the context in which coverage in The New York Times is being given, the answer to that question most certainly can be "yes". The NYT, for example, does not get the owner of a hipster foodie chip stand in Williamsburg into Wikipedia just because it got a restaurant review in the NYT's food section; the NYT does not get unelected candidates to New York City Council into Wikipedia just because the election campaign got coverage in the local news section. And on and so forth; the coverage still has to be in a context that makes the topic more than just locally interesting. Bearcat (talk) 18:01, 7 August 2016 (UTC)
* , the kinds of examples you give of course would not be sufficient to establish notability but as I understand 's concern--or, the concern that I have here and often elsewhere is not whether the source suffices, but whether it is automatically excluded from contributing toward notability at all, on the basis of localism. For instance, I think we'd almost certainly consider the NYT write-up of a hipster chef (just to keep it in BLP territory, for consistency) in Williamsburg alongside other sources if others exist? It could go toward, for instance, the "multiple independent sources may be combined to demonstrate notability" at WP:BASIC, no? Or to take a different example, we wouldn't insist that only commentary in non-New York media count toward assessing the notability of a Broadway performer, right? If we literally only had New York sources, then that could be a problem, but if we have some from elsewhere and some from New York, we'd count them all together, no? Innisfree987 (talk) 18:25, 7 August 2016 (UTC)
* Innisfree is exactly right. Lemongirl says "quite a few of the secondary sources are local news and if we consider local news" - of course we need to consider local news. We can certainly give local news less weight, but it must still be considered. Add Macleans + Globe and Mail + "quite a few local sources" and the GNG is met. Th e S te ve 23:10, 7 August 2016 (UTC)
* And as I've already noted above, the Maclean's reference is a blurb in a "several young people to watch" listicle, so it's not substantively enough about Deans to help get Deans over GNG. None of the other people profiled in the listicle have Wikipedia articles, and none of them would get articles just because listicle either. And the Globe piece, while longer, is a fluffy human interest piece which simply isn't saying anything about him that would constitute a notability claim for the purposes of an encyclopedia if it's the strongest source anybody's been able to come up with. Bearcat (talk) 16:11, 10 August 2016 (UTC)
* Delete The claims made in the article are outrageous. According to the Windsor Star he was supposedly an "inventor, scientist, artist, athlete, politician" at 16 years old. He's none of those things per our guidelines. He has no career as an artist; he fails WP:ARTIST in every conceivable way, and similarly fails WP:ATHLETE, WP:ACADEMIC and WP:POLITICIAN. If age shouldn't matter, and I agree it shouldn't, then we should not hold children and adolescents to lower standards than adults, as the Winsor Star does. To say that he is an artist on the basis of a statement that "he’s been teaching himself the art of portraiture" completely invalidates the source. He's a promising young man, but until he has actually fulfilled that promise, he's not yet notable. Mduvekot (talk) 14:04, 6 August 2016 (UTC)
* I'm wondering if you have any thoughts on GNG and the other sources beyond the Windsor Star ? Innisfree987 (talk) 16:23, 7 August 2016 (UTC)
* I'm not convinced that WP:GNG applies. The article is a WP:BLP, so WP:BIO applies, or any of the other subject specific notability guidelines I mentioned above. The CBC and the Globe and Mail are usually reliable sources. The problem is not the number of sources, but what notable accomplishments they support. As far as I can tell, that amounts to winning the Intermediate $1,000 award at the Canada-Wide Science Fair in 2013 and the Second Award of $1,500 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair. The iAid has not been built, and has not yet proven to be something that has actually helped blind people. When the iAid is in production and has been demonstrated to make a significant improvement to blind people's lives, and when peer-reviewed papers about his work are published and widely cited I'll consider him a notable scientist. If his figure drawing is exhibited in a solo-show in a major art museum and a monograph is published about his art, I'll consider him a notable artist. But until then, the press he has received amounts to reporting on someone who is known for being a promising student. Mduvekot (talk) 03:03, 10 August 2016 (UTC)
* Ah, ok so guideline's really straightforward on this count. You're right, we're talking about a biography, so from WP:BASIC (in broader article, WP:Notability_people): "People are presumed notable if they have received significant coverage in multiple published secondary sources that are reliable, intellectually independent of each other, and independent of the subject." If you believe "The CBC and the Globe and Mail are usually reliable sources. The problem is not the number of sources," then the entry passes our notability guidelines, unless it "fall[s] under exclusionary criteria, such as being notable only for a single event, or such as those listed in What Wikipedia is not." The next section, on SNGs also cautions: "Failure to meet these criteria is not conclusive proof that a subject should not be included; conversely, meeting one or more does not guarantee that a subject should be included. A person who fails to meet these additional criteria may still be notable under Wikipedia:Notability." This is a matter of consensus, that if sufficient secondary sources giving notice to a topic exist, we don't go on to second-guess whether the accomplishments they are covering deserve their attention. That would be gravely at odds with WP:NPOV. WP:WHYN reminds us of the same: if you read through its reasoning, it's all about whether enough sources exist to develop a balanced article on the topic. That's our question here at AfD: do sufficient sources exist to write that article? Not even, are they in the article yet (WP:ARTN), or, does the content meet other Wikipedia standards like due weight. Those would be questions for the talk page or edits directly to the article (which I encourage you to join in on, I def agree the article still needs a lot more work!) Innisfree987 (talk) 17:29, 10 August 2016 (UTC)
* If you believe "The CBC and the Globe and Mail are usually reliable sources …" then the entry passes our notability guidelines No it does not. The coverage still needs to be substantial. Mduvekot (talk) 19:12, 10 August 2016 (UTC)
* I did not say that it was strictly a matter of reliability. I was pointing out that you said both 1, that the sources are reliable and 2, that the number of them is not the problem. I am trying to assume good faith here, but (I apologize to, I was wrong to suggest it might not be in good faith!) Innisfree987 (talk) 16:29, 11 August 2016 (UTC) When someone points out to you that there being an adequate number of reliable sources means that a subject gets an entry, and then you change your mind about whether it is an adequate number of sources, it really starts to feel like WP:IDONTLIKEIT. But maybe I am misunderstanding your argument, I really apologize if I'm getting it wrong here. And for what it's worth, I'm not even saying it'd be a bad opinion to hold, simply to think this isn't the sort of thing that ought to be in the encyclopedia. I see the argument for that POV. All I'm saying is that I think the census guidelines have different inclusion criteria, and I think we should strive to apply them as evenly as possible. I don't see how this entry clearly meets any of the exclusionary categories; I do think it meets BASIC standard; and I don't think our personal opinions should override that. Innisfree987 (talk)
* , I think it would good if we took a moment on either your talk page or mine to figure out if you are accurately representing my position. I don't think that discussion ought to be part of this AfD Mduvekot (talk) 21:06, 10 August 2016 (UTC)
* Sure thing --if I've misunderstood or mischaracterized or both I'd def want to correct it here too (would certainly be germane!) but I'm happy to discuss wherever you think it'd be most productive. I'll ping you now. Innisfree987 (talk) 23:56, 10 August 2016 (UTC)
* The problems remain that the CBC source is not the CBC's national news division, but its local bureau in the subject's own hometown. So because CBC, it would be perfectly acceptable for some additional confirmation of facts after GNG had already been met — but because local CBC rather than national CBC, it can't help to carry the passage of GNG. It can be the icing on the cake; it cannot be the cake itself. And The Globe and Mail remains (a) the only genuinely strong source that has been offered at all, and hence not passing GNG all by itself, and (b) a fluffy, non-substantive human interest piece in the Life section, which fails to say anything about him that would confer passage of any SNG as an alternative to passing GNG on volume. Bearcat (talk) 19:29, 10 August 2016 (UTC)
* Are you kidding us? I'm aware that here on Wikipedia there's a lot of self-referential navel gazing, but damn: are you seriously suggesting that people aren't permitted to be inventors, scientists, artists, athletes or politicians if they don't meet our self-created notability criteria for the same? Nha Trang Allons! 14:50, 9 August 2016 (UTC)
* I neither said nor suggested that "that people aren't permitted to be inventors, scientists, artists, athletes or politicians if they don't meet our self-created notability criteria for the same". I do, however in all seriousness suggest per our policies, that articles about people who fail the notability criteria for their professions ought to be deleted. Mduvekot (talk) 23:26, 9 August 2016 (UTC)
* Er, no, a person's allowed to be anything they want to be. But they don't get a Wikipedia article about them doing their thing until they've met our notability criteria for it. Have we become some kind of virtual reality universe where not having a Wikipedia article somehow makes a person cease to exist? Bearcat (talk) 14:05, 10 August 2016 (UTC)
* What I understood Nha Trang to be saying is, or at least the part of the argument that also occurred to me was, SNGs don't apply to statements in an entry, only to the subject, and only if GNG/Basic hasn't already made them moot, as I was just saying to Mduvekot above. I realize your view is that Basic isn't met anyway. All the same I think Nha Trang is correct that not meeting a given special notability standard does not automatically disqualify a claim in an article, per WP:NNC. George W. Bush is not wiki-notable for being a painter but I definitely believe the entry should mention him being one, all the same! Innisfree987 (talk) 17:49, 10 August 2016 (UTC)
* Exactly. What I was refuting was Mduvekot's indignation at the Windsor Star making claims for the subject that flout various SNGs. I continue to maintain that the Windsor Star (or any other reliable source, hopefully) doesn't give a good goddamn about our opinion, and might well continue to call people inventors, artists or just about anything else without seeking the permission of Wikipedia authors to do so. Nha Trang Allons! 19:14, 10 August 2016 (UTC)
* And with all due respect, that's not at all what Mduvekot said. He can be an amateur artist all he wants, and the Windsor Star can say he's an amateur artist all it wants — but that doesn't make him wiki-notable as an artist until he objectively passes WP:CREATIVE for something related to art. Bearcat (talk) 17:08, 11 August 2016 (UTC)
* Delete Does not meet WP:BIO notability, just a handful of human interest stories typical for this sort of topic. OhNo itsJamie Talk 17:24, 8 August 2016 (UTC)
* Delete. The coverage of the science fair win is a clear instance of BLP1E, and in my opinion, an excellent example or why we need that policy--to prevent attempts at encyclopedic coverage of what gets some human interest coverage tat the time, but is of no actual importance as judged in a broader perspective. BLP1E was adopted as policy because it is specifically intended to over-rule the GNG guideline, where it applies. DGG ( talk ) 14:20, 11 August 2016 (UTC)
* Where, exactly, do the words "No Human Interest Stories" appear in our General Notability Guideline? Carrite (talk) 15:33, 11 August 2016 (UTC)
* The context in which the coverage is being given very much matters to GNG. Lots of people have been the subject of human interest pieces in The Globe and Mail or The New York Times without qualifying for a Wikipedia article because of it — the coverage has to be about them doing something that constitutes an encyclopedic notability claim in order to count toward GNG. Bearcat (talk) 15:57, 11 August 2016 (UTC)
Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus.
Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, -- RoySmith (talk) 13:42, 14 August 2016 (UTC)
* Delete -- the arguments for the deletion have been convincing. All of the coverage seems trivial (aka human interest stories) and is not yet sufficient for an encyclopedia entry. K.e.coffman (talk) 06:34, 15 August 2016 (UTC)
* Keep After reading the delete arguments, which I initially thought were strong, I was inclined to lean delete. However, upon closer inspection I realized that those delete arguments were unfounded so I discounted them. We're struggling here over whether Deans i) meets GNG and 2) if he has enough significant non-'local' coverage. Cunard shared Globe and Mail article, Maclean's article, and this 2015 CBC article...Bearcat continued to argue: "All three of those sources are among the set of sources that have already been looked at and found to be not enough the first time". The last AFD wrapped up by the 29th of August, 2014. The Globe and Mail article was published on the 26th of September 2014, while the CBC article was published in 2015. It is abundantly clear that both of those articles were published after the last debate had ended. More specifically, 17 out of the 28 shown sources were published AFTER the last debate finished, so it's not even possible that they were considered in the last AFD. I see comprehensive and in-depth coverage(and not just human-interest stories) from (1)the mentioned Globe and Mail article (2) The Independent, (3) CBC/Radio-Canada which is NOT the same article which was discounted before, (4)this CTV national article and interview and (5)this article from Postmedia Network, one of the largest Canadian news distributors(publishing under Canada.com online). These articles were all written after the last AFD, are NATIONAL (and international) publications (so the argument of being 'local' can't even apply here) and are significant, in-depth articles, detailing Deans' work with the blind community and his efforts about working with young people on a national level. This is a clear meet of GNG, and with 5 very strong sources with plenty more of supporting ones, this seems like a no-brainer. IamNate (talk) 21:33, 18 August 2016 (UTC)
| WIKI |
Popular music of Vietnam
The Western-influenced popular music of Vietnam (Tân nhạc Việt Nam, "New music of Vietnam") developed from the 1940s–1980s.
Singers, songwriters and singer-songwriters
The Vietnam War and the plight of Vietnamese refugees inspired a collection of musical pieces that have become "classical" anthems among Vietnamese people both in Vietnam and abroad.
There are many notable songwriters including the nicknamed three 'fathers' of popular music. They are Lam Phương (b. 1937), who is best known for his love songs and ballads, traditional Cải lương, and Vietnamese patriotic music, Phạm Duy (b. 1921), and Trịnh Công Sơn (b. 1939), known as the "Bob Dylan of Vietnam" whose songs were sung by Khánh Ly. Other notable songwriters include Văn Cao (b. 1923), a Vietnamese composer whose works include "Tiến Quân Ca", which became the national anthem of Vietnam, Dương Thụ (b. 1943), and Phú Quang (b. 1949), an influential Vietnamese composer primarily known for his love songs and songs about Hanoi.
Modern Music
The songwriters of the 1970s are now "easy listening" for the middle aged, while the modern TV scene is dominated by Japanese-, Korean- and Cantopop influenced V-pop shows like Vietnam Idol. | WIKI |
Notice: MediaWiki has been updated. Report any rough edges to marcan@marcan.st
Hardware info
From OpenKinect
Revision as of 19:41, 20 November 2010 by Marcan (talk | contribs)
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Hardware Information
• Laser illuminator
The illuminator uses an 830nm laser diode. There is no modulation - output level is constant. Output power measured at the illuminator output is around 60mW (Using Coherent Lasercheck). The laser is temperature stabilised with a small peltier element mounted between the illuminator and the aluminium mounting plate. This element can both heat and cool the laser to maintain a constant temperature, presumably in order to stabilise the laser's output wavelength. on the sample tested, at room temperature, the laser is being slightly heated.
The depth sensing appears somewhat sensitive to the relative position of the illuminator and sensor. Even a gentle bend of the aluminium plate causes significant disturbance of the depth image.
There is a non-resettable 102°C thermal cutout attatched to the outside of the illuminator housing - this is connected in series with the main 12V supply to the kinect, so clearly a product-safety feature. This positioning suggests that it may be to detect fault conditions causing the laser to heat its enclosure, e.g. if the front window is damaged, or possibly a peltier-induced meltdown distorting the housing and causing laser light to escape other than through the pattern optics. The raw laser power is definitely eye-hazardous if not spread out by the pattern-generating optics. Apart from the laser diode, the illuminator is likely to contain a temperature sensor and a photodiode for laser output power feeedback - the latter may be integrated in the laser diode can.
• Depth Image sensor
The depth sensor uses a monochrome image sensor. Looking at the signals from the sensor, resolution appears to be 1200x960 pixels at a framerate of 30Hz. The camera's I2C control interface perfoms a one byte transaction every frame - this could be somethng like gain setting or avarage level sensing. No change in this data was seen during random hand-waving in front of the sensor. The camera has an IR-pass filter at the laser wavelength - tests with various light sources show minimal sensitivity to visible and 950nm sources.
• Marvell chip
This chip is for audio processing, and has nothing to do with the depth system. Markings on chip are 88AP1-BJD2 P2G2750A/2 1024 AOP CX08 88AP102. Possibly one of Marvell's ARMADA series ARM chips, which has members with clock rates from 400MHz to 1GHz. Connected to the chip are a Winbond 25Q16B 16mbit, quad SPI flash, a custom-marked 8 pin device marked H102338 XBOX1001 X851716-006 GEPP , and a 512mbit DDR2 SDRAM. The Marvell is also resposible for cryptographic authentication of the Kinect to the Xbox (to prevent clones). It would make sense for the custom 8-pin device to be the authentication chip containing the RSA key and certificate, similar to what Apple does with "Made for iPod" devices with a custom auth chip.
Standalone operation of image board
All the image and depth sensor functionality is on the front PCB, and it should be possible to operate this without the rear board, using an external power supply to provide the +5V, 3.3V and +1.8V rails.
It has been confirmed that connecting the USB pins directly to a PC USB port works, with only the power connections from the rear PCB remaining connected.
Unfortunately the peak current draw puts it slightly above what can be 'legally' drawn from a single USB connector, due to the current draw of the Peltier element. Total power = 10mA @5V, 200mA @1.8v, 900mA @3.3V, = 3.4W, which would pull about 750mA at 5V assuming 90% converter efficiency and a 5V supply from the USB port. In practice cable voltage drops on the USB supply would mean near 800-850mA.
It may be feasible to limit this, e.g. by adding a series resistor to the peltier to limit its maximum power draw. It may be possible to operate without the peltier - this is something still to be investigated.
• Image board connector signals
Connector on PCB appears to be Tyco FP series Mating connector Tyco 4-174639-4
Pins 1,3,5 : +3.3V 500-900mA depending on Peltier temperature
Pins 2,4,6,9,12 : Ground
Pin 7 : +1.8v, 200mA
Pin 8 : USB DP
Pin 10 : USB DM
Pin 11 : +5V 10mA directly from USB connector
Pin 13 : Input to sensor board, pulled weakly to +3.3v. read board pulls low until USB connection established. Can be left unconnected.
Pin 14 : Output from sensor board - pulses high for about 70mS after pin 13 rising edge. Can be left unconnected. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
DOCTOR JOHN’S, INC., a Utah corporation, and John Haltom, Plaintiffs and Counterclaim Defendants, v. CITY OF ROY, UTAH; G. Blake Wahlen, in his official capacity as City Manager; Tammy Nelson, in her official capacity as Development Services Manager, Defendants and Counter-Claimant.
No. 1:03-CV-00081 PGC.
United States District Court, D. Utah, Northern Division.
Sept. 7, 2004.
■W. Andrew McCullough, McCullough & Associates, Midvale, UT, for Plaintiffs/Counter-Defendants.
Robert C. Keller, Jody K. Burnett, Williams & Hunt, Salt Lake City, UT, Defendants/Counter-Claimant.
MEMORANDUM OPINION DENYING MOTIONS FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT
CASSELL, District Judge.
The parties are before the court on cross-motions for summary judgment. The court finds that the Roy City Ordinance § 17-5 regulating sexually oriented businesses does not violate the First Amendment and that the Doctor John’s store located in Roy is subject to the provisions of the Ordinance. As such, summary judgment in favor of the City is hereby GRANTED.
BACKGROUND
Plaintiff, Doctor John’s Inc., currently operates about ten stores in the United States selling a variety of merchandise including lingerie, swim wear, lotions, oils, games, roses, stuffed animals, novelty items. Doctor John’s also sells “marital aids” and “adult toys” including “vibrators,” “dildos,” and other masturbation toys, as well as videotapes, DVDs, magazines, and books — some educational and some explicitly sexual in nature.
In February, 2001, Doctor John’s, Inc. applied for a general business license for the purpose of opening a store in the City of Roy, Utah. According to the Affidavit of Chris Zimmerman, the Economic and Community Development Director for the City of Roy, Doctor John’s representatives informed him at the time of the application “that the store would sell ‘adult’ novelties, gifts and videos.” The City of Roy did not have a sexually oriented business ordinance but Mr. Zimmerman “informed Dr. John’s representatives that the City would closely monitor sales to minors and pornography/obscenity issues. At that time, the owners voluntarily agreed that they would not allow minors in any portion of the store.”
The decision to open the store was based on the perceived need for pornography in Utah. According to the deposition of John K. Coil, president of Doctor John’s Inc.:
I was in Los Angeles and I read the newspaper on a Sunday morning, and there was an article in there that said that the State of Utah had appointed an anti-porn czar. And I had never been to Utah before. I had no knowledge that Utah existed except seeing it on a map, but I thought to myself and said out loud to those people around me, “There’s some uptight people. They need a porn store.”
The City of Roy issued a general business license to Doctor John’s in February, 2001.
The license states: GENERAL BUSINESS RETAIL SALES — LINGERIE, NOVELTIES, GIFTS & VIDEOS — NO MINORS ALLOWED PER AGREEMENT WITH OWNER.
On May 1, 2001, the City of Roy adopted Ordinance 879, titled “An Ordinance Providing for the Licensing and Regulation of Sexually Oriented Businesses and Employees.” Section 1 of the Ordinance sets forth the purpose of the Ordinance and findings demonstrating the need for the ordinance. These findings are based on case law, congressional testimony, and a compilation of studies of the secondary effects of sexually oriented businesses from other jurisdictions. Twenty-five findings are set forth in the Ordinance, the gist of which are that sexually oriented businesses have adverse secondary effects on crime, health, welfare, and morality, and that reasonable licensing procedures are an appropriate way to deal with these secondary effects.
The Ordinance states:
(A) It shall be unlawful for any person to operate a sexually oriented business in the City of Roy without a valid sexually oriented business license.
(B) It shall be unlawful for any person to be an employee ... of a sexually oriented business in the City of Roy without a valid sexually oriented business employee license.
The license fee under the Ordinance for sexually oriented businesses can be no more than $200.00, and annual renewal fees cannot exceed $100.00.
The Ordinance also subjects sexually oriented businesses to certain regulations. For example, operating hours are limited to between 10:00 a.m. and 11:00 p.m., a no loitering policy must be enforced and there must be appropriate lighting around the exterior of the business. More stringent regulations are imposed on businesses which have on-site “viewing rooms” where adult material can be watched. Doctor John’s, however, has no such viewing rooms.
The City contends that Doctor John’s falls within category 2 and is therefore subject to the licensing procedure and other regulations of the Ordinance. The Ordinance defines category 2 as follows:
“Adult Bookstore”, “Adult Novelty Store”, or “Adult Video Store” means a commercial establishment which has a significant or substantial portion of its stock-in trade or derives a significant or substantial portion of its revenues or devotes a significant or substantial portion of its interior business or advertising, or maintains a substantial section of its sales or display space to the sale or rental, for any form of consideration, of any one or more of the following:
1. Books, magazines, periodicals or other printed matter, or photographs, films, motion pictures, video cassettes, compact discs, slides, or other visual representations which are characterized by their emphasis upon the exhibition or description of specified sexual activities or specified anatomical areas;
2. Instruments, devices, or paraphernalia which are designed for use or marketed primarily for stimulation of human genital organs or for sadomasochistic use or abuse of themselves or others.
The Ordinance defines “specified sexual activities” as follows:
“Specified Sexual Activity” means any of the following:
1. Sex acts, normal or perverted, including intercourse, oral copulation, masturbation or sodomy; or
2. Excretory functions as part of or in connection with any of the activities described in (1) above.
The Ordinance defines specified anatomical areas as follows:
“Specified Anatomical Areas” shall mean human genitals, anus, cleft of the buttocks, or the female breast.
In December, 2002, Chris Zimmerman, who believed that Doctor John’s fell within the Ordinance, delivered a copy of the Ordinance to Doctor John’s along with application materials for a sexually oriented business license for the year 2003. In response, Doctor John’s sent the City a 2003 renewal for a general business license. On February 24, 2003, counsel for Doctor John’s sent the City a letter stating:
We have ... reviewed the Roy City Business License Ordinances, and do not believe this client falls under the definition of a Sexually Oriented Business. Because of our belief and decisions, we applied for the business license we believe is appropriate.
Your City Attorney may be aware of the pending case of Midvale City v. Haltom, et al., now pending before the Utah Supreme Court. [A] decision is expected shortly. There are similar disputes between the City of Midvale and my client over whether a Sexually Oriented Business ordinance is necessary. We fully expect this decision to answer the questions ... It is my suggestion that we hold off a court determination of whether we will need a Sexually Oriented Business [license] to continue doing business in your city, pending the decision of the Utah Supreme Court.
On May 16, 2003, the Utah Supreme Court handed down its decision in Midvale City Corporation v. John Haltom, et al. That case involved the Doctor John’s store located in Midvale, Utah. The Midvale store had applied for a commercial business license in June of 2000, representing to the city that it would sell such items as candles and lotions. On June 28, 2000, Susan Shreeve, the Midvale City Business License Administrator visited the location and found that some of the products sold were sexually oriented and that she could not issue the license because Haltom had misrepresented the items he was going to sell. On July 29, 2000 the Midvale store began operating without a license. A Temporary Restraining Order was granted against Doctor John’s which led to the removal of all inventory covered by the Midvale ordinance. However, inspections revealed that Doctor John’s was still selling sexual gratification devices. On November 21, 2000, the trial court determined that the Midvale Doctor John’s was operating as a sexually oriented business without the proper license and issued a permanent injunction prohibiting Doctor John’s from doing business in Midvale.
Doctor John’s appealed to the Utah Supreme Court raising four arguments: First, that Midvale City’s sexually oriented business ordinance was unconstitutionally vague or overbroad; second, that injunc-tive relief was not an appropriate remedy; third, that the ordinance in question was not a valid time, place, and manner restriction; and fourth, that the Utah Constitution offered broader protection than the United States Constitution.
While the issues presented do not exactly mirror the issues in the Midvale case, the Utah Supreme Court’s ruling is instructive. The Utah Supreme Court rejected Doctor John’s arguments. The court first held that Doctor John’s did not have standing to bring a facial challenge to the licensing ordinance based on the First Amendment because “even in the most restrictive light, the statute only regulates the type of license for which one must apply. To mount a facial attack in a prior restraint case, an appellant must demonstrate that the ordinance restricts, or will restrict, communication in some discernible manner.” The court found that Doctor John’s had “offer[ed] no evidence that the purpose of the ordinance is ‘to restrict stores, as opposed to addressing the secondary effects of such stores.’ ” The court also rejected Doctor John’s argument that the ordinance gave city officials too much discretion since the record showed that “had Dr. John’s applied for the correct license he would have received one. While normally, ‘[ajpplying for and being denied a license ... is not a condition precedent to bringing a facial challenge to an unconstitutional law,’ it is a central factor where the law presents no constitutional concerns.” Ultimately, the court concluded that Doctor John’s
[H]ad not alleged any harm arising from the licensing proceedings except for the classification of the business as an [S.O.B.].... The Midvale ordinance threatens no restriction whatsoever, save for the issuance of a different business license ... In sum, Dr. John’s does not have standing to mount a facial attack on the Midvale ordinance because it has not shown that the ordinance has any deterrent effect on expression.
While the standing issue was dispositive, the Utah Supreme Court provided additional reasons for rejecting Doctor John’s appeal. The court proceeded to reject Doctor John’s vagueness and prior restraint claims, finding that the Midvale ordinance was “unrelated to expression” and that Doctor John’s clearly fit within the statute. The language Doctor John’s thought unconstitutionally vague was “principal purpose of the business.” The court found prior restraint analysis completely inapplicable. “Prior restraint is only at issue where the government exercises some form of censorship or indirectly represses the communication of ideas before their dissemination.” The court further found that “[classification is clearly permissible without implicating any constitutional concerns, ‘The mere fact that ... material protected by the First Amendment is subject to ... licensing requirements is not a sufficient reason for invalidating [an] ordinance].’ ”
In additional dicta, the Utah Supreme Court addressed the prior restraint analysis and found that even if the ordinance applied to speech it still passed constitutional muster since “the ordinance is devoid of any unbridled official discretion” and “there are no temporal ambiguities that might result in unreasonable delaying licensing.”
The Utah Supreme Court also rejected Doctor John’s contention that injunctive relief was an inappropriate remedy. “Although injunctive relief should be a measure of last resort and require a clear showing of irreparable harm,, a municipality may obtain an injunction against a business selling protected material when that business operates without a license or violates some valid regulatory provision.”
Finally, the Utah Supreme Court held that the Midvale ordinance was a valid time, place, or manner restriction. Analyzing this issue under the framework set forth by the Supreme Court in City of Renton v. Playtime Theatres, Inc., the court found that the Midvale ordinance was a valid time, place, or manner restriction and left adequate means for alternative communication. The court found that any intrusions on speech were de minimis since the ordinance did not affect the location of the store nor the content of the store but was simply a licensing scheme intended to deal with secondary effects. “ ‘If States are to be able to regulate secondary effects, then such de minimus intrusions on expression cannot be sufficient to render the ordinance content based.’ ” The court also noted that while the ordinance did not provide for prompt judicial review, Circuit courts were split over whether such review is constitutionally required and the Supreme Court had yet to resolve the issue. The court chose to follow a ruling of the Sixth Circuit that “any city procedure, however informal, that maintains existence of the status quo pending judicial review, will suffice until the United States Supreme Court devises some way out of this imbroglio.”
Notwithstanding the ruling in the Mid-vale case, Doctor John’s filed the current action alleging that the City or Roy’s Ordinance impinges upon constitutionally protected speech, is void for vagueness, fails to leave open alternative adequate avenues of communication, vests unbridled discretion in licensing officials, and does not provide for prompt judicial review. These are essentially the same arguments rejected in the Midvale case. The City of Roy counterclaimed, seeking injunctive relief requiring Doctor John’s to comply with the Ordinance.
DISCUSSION
The court set briefing in this matter on the dispositive issues of whether the Ordinance is unconstitutionally vague and, if not, whether the Doctor John’s store in Roy is a sexually oriented business. The court holds that the Ordinance at issue is not susceptible to a facial constitutional challenge. This is true for two reasons: First, with respect to Doctor John’s, the Ordinance does not implicate First Amendment concerns, second, the Ordinance sufficiently limits the discretion of local officials and adequately provides for judicial review.
1. Standing and Vagueness
Doctor John’s does not have standing to bring a facial constitutional vagueness challenge to the Ordinance because the Ordinance does not operate as an improper prior restraint on protected speech. “ ‘The burden to establish standing rests on the party invoking federal jurisdiction.’” “‘[M]ere allegations’ of injury, causation, and redressability are insufficient.”
To invoke standing under the Article III “cases and controversies” requirement a plaintiff must demonstrate three things: (1) injury-in-fact, (2) causation, and (3) re-dressability. The Supreme Court has relaxed the standing requirements when plaintiffs are mounting a facial challenge based on the First Amendment.
Standing usually requires that the plaintiff assert an injury to himself, rather than injuries to third parties not before the court. However, this rule is not strictly enforced in the context of facial challenges to laws as violative of the First Amendment, even though a facial challenge to the validity of a statute necessarily entails a challenge to the statute as applied to third parties besides the plaintiff.
However, only “unbridled licensing schemes” are subject to a facial constitutional challenge. The Supreme Court has identified two risks which justify relaxed standing requirements to challenge such licensing schemes. The first risk is that “unbridled licensing schemes” may lead to “self-censorship by speakers in order to avoid being denied a license to speak.” The second risk is the “difficulty of effectively detecting, reviewing, and correcting content-based censorship ‘as applied’ without standards [in the ordinance] by which to measure the licensor’s action.” As the Supreme Court has explained:
It is when statutes threaten these risks to a significant degree that courts must entertain an immediate facial attack on the law. Therefore, a facial challenge lies whenever a licensing law gives a government official or agency substantial power to discriminate based on the content or viewpoint of speech by suppressing disfavored speech or disliked speakers. This is not to say that the press or a speaker may challenge as censorship any law involving discretion to which it is subject. The law must have a close enough nexus to expression, or to conduct commonly associated with expression, to pose -a real and substantial threat of the identified censorship risks.
Facial challenges are limited to licensing schemes which grant too much discretion to local officials for several good reasons:
Standards provide the guideposts that check the licensor and allow courts quickly and easily to determine whether the licensor is discriminating against disfavored speech. Without these guideposts, post hoe rationalizations by the licensing official and thé use of shifting or illegitimate criteria are far 'too easy, making it difficult for courts to determine in any particular case whether the licensor is permitting favorable, and suppressing unfavorable, expression.... In sum, without standards to fetter the li-censor’s discretion, the difficulties of proof and the case-by-case nature of “as-applied” challenges render the licensor’s action in large measure effectively unreviewable.
Thus, it is only when the licensing statutes grant broad discretion to licensing officials that “the risks are sufficiently great” that the remedy should be “to strike the licensing -law in its entirety” so that the “law cannot be applied to anyone.” Where the risks of prior restraint are not present, courts should review statutes on an as-applied basis.
Doctor John’s facial challenge fails for two reasons: First, the Ordinance does not seek to suppress speech based on content or viewpoint; and second, the Ordinance does not give licensors unbridled discretion. The Ordinance passed by Roy is a rather innocuous scheme aimed at secondary effects and not at the content of speech and does not implicate either of the concerns given by the Supreme Court for relaxing the standing requirement.
The standards by which a license is either granted or denied under the Ordinance at issue are objective, easily applied, easily reviewed by courts, and give very little discretion to licensing officials. Applicants for a sexually oriented business license are immediately granted a temporary license upon completing the application. A final decision on granting a permanent license is required within forty days. The City “shall approve” the license unless (1) the applicant is less than eighteen years of age; (2) the applicant fails to provide the appropriate information on the application form, such as whether the applicant has previously pled guilty to certain specified criminal activity or has had a license for a sexually oriented business denied, suspended or revoked within the two previous years; (3) the license fee has not been paid; (4) an applicant has been convicted of specified criminal activity; or (5) the premises is not in compliance with the configuration requirements for the interior of sexually oriented businesses. “Specified criminal activity” is thoroughly defined in the ordinance, as are the requirements for the interior configuration of sexually oriented businesses. Essentially the same objective standards are applied to employee licenses.
The Ordinance also sets forth detailed grounds for revocation or suspension of a license and provides for notice and a speedy hearing when the City believes a license should be denied, revoked, or suspended. Finally, when a license is denied, suspended, or revoked, the Ordinance allows for appeal to a court of competent jurisdiction and “the City shall immediately issue the aggrieved party a Provisional license [and] allow the aggrieved party to continue operation” until a court decision is issued. According to the Tenth Circuit, the Supreme Court has allowed licensing of adult establishments “so long as two classic evils of prior restraints are not present.... First, the licensing scheme may not vest unbridled discretion in the government officials charged with granting or denying the license ... Second, the licensing scheme may not allow the deci-sionmaker unlimited time to decide on matters affecting the license....” The licensing scheme must also provide for “prompt judicial review of the denial of a license.” However, “[w]here the regulation simply conditions the operation of an adult business on compliance with neutral and nondiscretionary criteria ... and does not seek to censor content, an adult business is not entitled to an unusually speedy judicial decision ...”
The Ordinance at issue here suffers from none of the evils of prior restraint. The objective criteria are not difficult for an applicant to meet and present little opportunity for abuse. Further, the criteria are not based on content since, once an applicant has met the criteria for a license he may have as much or as little adult-oriented material as he chooses. The Ordinance merely “regulates the type of license for which one must apply.” In addition, even were a city official to abuse his discretion in applying these objective criteria, the Ordinance requires a provisional license to be issued until the official’s actions can be reviewed by a court. This means that the opportunity for court review exists before any adverse affects can take place. Indeed, even if Doctor John’s had been denied a sexually oriented business license, rather than choosing not to pursue one, it could have remained in business until a court ruled on the denial of its license. Doctor John’s cannot manufacture standing to challenge the Ordinance simply by objecting to the type of license the City wishes to give it. To repeat the legal standard, facial challenges to the constitutionality of licensing schemes such as the Ordinance at issue in this case are only appropriate where the scheme places too much discretion in licensing officials. That is clearly not the case here.
The Tenth Circuit addressed a very similar ordinance in Z.J. Gifts D-4, L.L.C. v. City of Littleton The ordinance in that case defined an “adult bookstore, adult novelty store, or adult video store” as a business that “devotes a significant or substantial portion” of its floor space, inventory, or advertising to adult materials, or that obtains “a significant or substantial portion” of its revenue from those materials. The Ordinance in that case set forth licensing criteria very similar to the criteria at issue here. The Tenth Circuit found that the plaintiff did not have standing to bring a facial vagueness challenge to the ordinance:
[A]s the [Supreme] Court in Young explained, “if the statute’s deterrent effect on legitimate expression is not both ‘real and substantial,’ and if the statute is ‘readily subject to a narrowing construction by the state courts,’ the litigant is not permitted to assert the rights of third parties.” ... In Young, the Court concluded that the ordinance in question did not have a “real and substantial” deterrent effect on legitimate expression because “there is surely a less vital interest in the uninhibited exhibition of material that is on the borderline between pornography and artistic expression than in the free dissemination of ideas of social and political significance.” The same rationale applies equally to the present case. Adult businesses covered by Littleton’s ordinance are, by definition, likely to carry materials that border on pornography. Stated simply, in light of Young, Littleton’s ordinance does not have a “real and substantial” deterrent effect upon “legitimate expression.”
While the Tenth Circuit found that the plaintiff did not have standing to bring a vagueness challenge, the court did find the Littleton ordinance unconstitutional because it did not provide for a prompt judicial decision when a license was denied. The Supreme Court reversed the holding with reasoning very much applicable to this case. The court concluded that because “the licensing scheme applies reasonably objective, nondiscretionary criteria unrelated to the content of the expressive materials that an adult business may sell or display,” and because the “objective criteria are simple enough to apply and their application simple enough to review that their use is unlikely in practice to suppress totally the presence of any specific item of adult material in the ... community,” the adult business licensing scheme “does ‘not present the grave dangers of a censorship system.’ ” Indeed, the Supreme Court classified the Littleton ordinance, which uses the exact language as is at issue here, as one that “simply conditions the operation of an adult business on compliance with neutral and nondiscretionary criteria” and that “does not seek to censor content. ...”
It is true that the City of Roy’s statute gives city officials discretion in classifying a business based on whether the business has a “significant or substantial” amount of sexually oriented materials, but the effects of classification do not implicate First Amendment concerns—as evidenced by the Tenth Circuit and Supreme Court opinions in Z.J. Gifts which had nothing to say about discretion in classification. This discretion goes to what type of license to grant, not whether to grant or deny a license. Thus, it can hardly be used as a means of censorship and is not the type of unbridled discretion which “has the potential for becoming a means of suppressing a particular point of view.” Classification as a sexually oriented business under the license “threatens no restriction whatsoever, save for the issuance of a different license. ‘[T]he city does not exercise discretion by passing judgment on the content of any protected speech. Rather, the city reviews the general qualifications of each license applicant, a ministerial action that is not presumptively invalid.’ ”
This presents a second reason for denying Doctor John’s standing to challenge the Ordinance — Doctor John’s has not identified any injury to itself. “[T]he over-breadth doctrine ‘does not eliminate the need for the plaintiff to demonstrate its own cognizable injury in fact.’ ” “[T]his requirement is satisfied where the plaintiff is engaged ‘in a course of conduct arguably affected with a constitutional interest, but proscribed by a statute, and there exists a credible threat of prosecution.’ ” Doctor John’s argues that it is not a sexually oriented business and does not desire to be classified as a sexually oriented business but does not identify an “invasion of a legally-protected interest that is (a) concrete and particularized and (b) actual or imminent, i.e., not conjectural or hypothetical.” Doctor John’s argues that its First Amendment rights are being violated because the material in its store is presumptively entitled to protection under the First Amendment. However, registration as a sexually oriented business would have no effect on the content of the store. Doctor John’s is not prohibited by the Ordinance from engaging in any activity. Its only complaint is that the City wishes it to do business under a sexually oriented business license rather than a general business license. The additional burdens imposed by classification as a sexually oriented business are unrelated to speech and content and are fairly minimal, especially since Doctor John’s has been exempted from the zoning provision. The only apparent additional burdens imposed on Doctor John’s are a somewhat extended application process (during which it is free to remain in business), a minor limitation on hours of operation, the requirement to place some extra lighting on the exterior of the business, and the requirement to enforce a no loitering provision. As such, it is clear that Doctor John’s objection in this case is to the label of sexually oriented business. In the absence of some limitation on protected speech, there is no constitutionally protected right to obtain a general business license over a sexually oriented business license. As a result, this court finds that Doctor John’s does not have standing to mount a facial constitutional challenge to the Ordinance.
Even if Doctor John’s had standing to challenge the Ordinance at issue, the court cannot conclude that it is unconstitutionally vague. This is true for many of the same reasons Doctor John’s does not have standing because, as the Supreme Court has explained, “if the statute’s deterrent effect on legitimate expression is not both ‘real and substantial,’ and if the statute is ‘readily susceptible to a narrowing construction by the court,’ the litigant is not permitted to assert the rights of third parties.” The court has already determined that the Ordinance does not present a “real and substantial” threat to legitimate expression. Further, the Tenth Circuit has already determined that the exact language at issue here — “significant and substantial” — is readily susceptible to a narrowing construction by the courts. One “common method” of narrowing the language “has been to develop a percentage that will act as a guide as to what constitutes ‘significant or substantial.’” The court did not say that this was the only method or even a necessary method. Doctor John’s argues that the Utah Supreme Court has not narrowed this language, and has refused to set a percentage by which “significant or substantial” can be measured. However, the standard is not whether a court has narrowed the language but whether the language is readily susceptible to being narrowed. And, in Z.J. Gifts the Tenth Circuit concluded that the exact language at issue here is “easily susceptible of a narrowing construction.”
2. Prior Restraint
In Z.J. Gifts, the Tenth Circuit held that while the plaintiff did not have standing to bring a facial vagueness challenge to the Littleton sexually oriented business licensing ordinance, the plaintiff could challenge the ordinance as an invalid prior restraint. The Tenth Circuit has “concluded that ‘licensing of adult entertainment establishments’ must be analyzed as a prior restraint.”
As noted above, the Ordinance at issue here presents none of the threats of an invalid prior restraint. As the Tenth Circuit has explained:
The Supreme Court has allowed licensing of adult entertainments so long as two classic evils of prior restraints are not present. First, the licensing scheme may not vest unbridled discretion in the government officials charged with the responsibility of granting or denying the license. Second, the licensing scheme may not allow the decisionmaker unlimited time to decide on matters affecting the license; otherwise, there is the “risk of indefinitely suppressing speech.” To ensure that the decision time is limited, certain procedural safeguards are required.
In the adult business licensing context, at least two procedural safeguards are essential: (1) the licensor must make the decision whether to issue the license within a specified and reasonable time period, (2) there must be opportunity for prompt judicial review of a license.
The Ordinance at issue here complies with these requirements. First, completing a license application is not an onerous task. The most burdensome requirement is that the license be accompanied by a sketch or diagram of the premises, including a statement of total floor space. The diagram does not haVe to be professionally prepared. Businesses which are going to offer on-site viewing must make the diagram more detailed. Two points make such a requirement innocuous. First, the time involved in drafting such a diagram is minimal. Second, such a requirement does not present the City with the opportunity to indefinitely delay the application procedure. ' In Z.J. Gifts, for example, the Tenth Circuit was concerned that applicants had to obtain a written statement from the City’s Zoning Official that the proposed location was in compliance with the zoning restrictions in the ordinance. In addition, the ordinance placed no time limit on the Zoning Official. There is no such provision in the Ordinance at issue here.
Most troubling to the Tenth Circuit in Z.J. Gifts was the fact that the ordinance did not place a time limit on when the license must either be issued or denied. In contrast, the Ordinance at issue here requires that
[U]pon the filing of a completed application ... Roy City Development Services shall immediately issue a Temporary License to the applicant, which Temporary License shall expire upon the final
decision of the City to deny or grant the license. Within forty (40) days of the initial filing date of the completed application, the City shall issue a license to the applicant or issue to the applicant a
■letter of intent to - deny the application. As set forth above, the Ordinance also provides easily-applied, objective criteria to city officials determining whether a license should be granted or denied.
The final requirement is the necessity of providing for prompt judicial review. In Z.J. Gifts, the Tenth Circuit found that the Littleton ordinance was unconstitutional because it did not provide for a prompt judicial decision on the merits of granting or denying the license. The Supreme, Court reviewed only this holding of the Tenth Circuit and reversed. As described above, the Littleton ordinance at issue was very similar to the Ordinance at issue here. The Supreme Court first noted that the ordinance “does not seek to censor material” because its licensing scheme “applies reasonably objective, non-discretionary criteria unrelated to the content of the expressive materials....” Because of this, the Supreme Court noted that the licensing scheme simply “does ‘not present the grave dangers of a censorship system.’ ” The Court’s holding was that “[wjhere ... the regulation simply conditions the operation of an adult business on compliance with neutral and nondiscretionary criteria ... and does not seek to censor content, an adult business is not entitled to an unusually speedy judicial decision....” Thus, the requirement of a prompt judicial decision is relaxed in cases such as this where the licensing scheme provides objective neutral criteria and does not present the dangers of censorship.
Perhaps even more important to this case, pursuant to the Ordinance, when a license is denied, revoked, or suspended, the applicant “shall have the right to appeal such action to a court of competent jurisdiction” and when such an action is filed “the City shall immediately issue the aggrieved party a Provisional License” which “shall allow the aggrieved party to continue operation of the sexually oriented business.... ” Thus, no matter how prompt or delayed judicial review is, the business is allowed to remain in operation. Not only does this statute not constitute a prior restraint, it constitutes no restraint at all prior to judicial review.
In sum, the Ordinance at issue presents none of the dangers of prior restraint. The Ordinance sets forth application procedures that are neither time-consuming nor costly, provides easily-applied objective criteria, for the issuance of a license, requires a temporary license to be immediately issued upon the completion of an application, mandates a final decision to be made within forty days, and provides for a provisional license when an application is denied or a license revoked or suspended. The Ordinance is a well-drafted way for the City to deal with the secondary effects of sexually oriented businesses while protecting First Amendment principles.
3. Time/Place/Manner Restrictions
Doctor John’s next attacks the Ordinance as being an invalid time-place-manner restriction. In particular, Doctor John’s argues that the Ordinance is not sufficiently narrowly-tailored because, it is not justified by the “secondary effects” cited by the City. Doctor John’s argues that this is particularly true with respect, to its business because it does not offer any onsite entertainment. Doctor John’s also argues that the “significant or substantial” language sets too low a threshold and is therefore not narrowly tailored.
It is important to clarify what Doctor John’s is challenging. Challenges to time-placé-manner restrictions usually focus on the zoning provisions of adult-business licensing schemes. However, Doctor John’s does not have standing to challenge the zoning ordinance because it does not apply to the store. In Essence, Inc. v. City of Federal Heights, the Tenth Circuit rejected a plaintiffs challenge to the disability provisions of an adult-business licensing scheme because there was no allegation that any of the plaintiffs were subject to the provisions. As the City concedes, Doctor John’s is not affected by the zoning provision of this Ordinance.
Doctor John’s is affected by the provision of the Ordinance limiting the hours of operation of sexually-oriented businesses. However, nothing in the record reveals how, or even if, this provision has any effect on Doctor John’s current operating hours. In sum, Doctor John’s has alleged no injury-in-fact with respect to this provision. Nevertheless, the court will presume that this provision, does affect Doctor John’s and will proceed accordingly.
The Ordinance at issue is content-neutral and thus subject to intermediate scrutiny. “The Supreme Court has held that city ordinance limiting the locations of adult-film theatres for the purpose of avoiding their secondary effects ... rather than for the purpose of regulating the content of the films, are content-neutral, and can be constitutional as time-place-manner restrictions.” In Z.J. Gifts D-2, L.L.C. v. City of Aurora, 136 F.3d 683 (10th Cir.1998) the Tenth Circuit rejected the argument that adult-business licensing schemes should be treated as content-based regulations subject to the most exacting scrutiny:
Content-based restrictions on speech, those which “suppress, disadvantage, or impose differential burdens upon speech because of its content,” are subject to “the most exacting scrutiny.” Conversely, content-neutral regulations “pose a less substantial risk of excising certain ideas or viewpoints from the public.dialogue” because they are unrelated to the content of speech. Content-neutral regulations are accordingly subject to intermediate scrutiny....
In determining whether a regulation is content-neutral, “[t]he government’s purpose [in enacting the regulation] is the controlling consideration.” If the regulation “serves purposes unrelated to the content of expression” it Is considered neutral, “even if it has an incidental effect on some speakers or messages but not others.”
The Supreme Court has long held that city zoning ordinances which place limits on the location of adult uses are valid exercises of the city’s police power ... Though such regulations treat adult uses differently from other uses based on their sexually explicit nature, they are “designed to prevent crime, ... maintain property values, ... and preserve ... the quality of urban life.” Because ordinances zoning adult uses are intended to curb the secondary effects of those uses on surrounding communities and burden free speech interests only incidentally, they are generally reviewed as content-neutral regulations subject to a less stringent standard of review.
The record here clearly establishes that the City’s purpose in enacting the Ordinance was to deal with the secondary effects of sexually-oriented businesses. The Ordinance itself states,
It is the purpose of this ordinance to regulate sexually oriented businesses in order to promote the health, safety, morals, and general welfare of the citizens of the City, and to establish reasonable and uniform regulations to prevent the deleterious secondary effects of sexually oriented businesses within the City.
The Ordinance then sets forth a number of findings, based on the studies listed, concerning the secondary effects of sexually oriented businesses. The court thus finds that the Ordinance is aimed at the secondary effects of sexually oriented businesses and should therefore be reviewed as a content-neutral regulation subject to intermediate scrutiny.
Content-neutral time-place-manner restrictions are reviewed under the framework set forth by the Supreme Court in City of Renton v. Playtime Theatres, Ine. Under Renton, ordinances such as this one survive constitutional scrutiny if (1) they are narrowly tailored to serve a significant government interest, and (2) they leave open “reasonable alternative avenues of communication.”
Doctor John’s does not contend that the Ordinance does not leave open reasonable alternative avenues of communication. Indeed, Doctor John’s itself is free to obtain a sexually oriented business license and sell as much adult material as it chooses in the very location it now occupies. The only issue before the court is whether the Ordinance is narrowly tailored to prevent the secondary effects of sexually oriented businesses.
The Supreme Court has stated that “[a] city’s ‘interest in attempting to preserve the quality of urban life is one that must be accorded high respect.’” The Tenth Circuit has recognized the “significant” interest cities have in regulating sexually oriented businesses. Nevertheless, Doctor John’s wishes this court to distinguish between the City’s interest in regulating sexually oriented business which offer on-site entertainment versus those which only offer off-site entertainment. The Fifth Circuit made this distinction in Encore Videos, Inc. v. City of San Antonio. However, in Z.J. Gifts D-2, the Tenth Circuit specifically rejected this distinction as “constitutionally irrelevant” and stated that its analysis would be “unaffected” by such a distinction. Moreover, a review of the report of many of the studies relied upon by the City reveals that the distinction has apparently not been considered significant.
Nor has Doctor John’s made any serious showing that the studies relied upon by the City were not appropriate. The Ordinance cites eighteen studies from different cities reviewed by the City, as well as other materials. The dates of the studies reveal that they are not so old as to be outdated. Five of the studies were done within the last decade. It is clear from the record that the City “reasonably believed” the studies were “relevant to the problem” the .city was . addressing. The detailed findings of the Ordinance reveal that these studies were relied upon in drafting the licensing scheme. The Ordinance also cites a large body of case law where courts have accepted the findings of such studies. Indeed, this issue has been litigated so often now that the secondary effects of sexually oriented businesses seem to be well-established and the requirement that cities find and rely on such studies may now be easily satisfied. At any rate, it is clear that the City complied with this requirement and was justified in enacting the Ordinance based on the hearings it held and its review of the studies. It is well established in the case law that cities are not required to do their own studies but may rely on studies from other cities. A city “need not wait for sexually oriented businesses to locate within its boundaries, depress property values, increase crime, and spread sexually transmitted diseases before it regulates those businesses. It may rely on the experience of other cities to determine whether the harms presented by sexually oriented businesses are real and should be regulated.”
Finally, it may be true that not all sexually oriented businesses present precisely the same problems for cities. To this end, Doctor John’s notes that not all of the findings in the Ordinance apply to Doctor John’s. Particularly, some of the findings relate only to businesses which offer on-site entertainment. However,
[T]ime, place or manner regulations on protected speech must be narrowly tailored, but “need not be the least restrictive or least intrusive means of doing so.” ... Instead, “[s]o long as the means chosen are not substantially broader than necessary,” an ordinance is narrowly tailored if the regulation “promotes a substantial governmental interest that would be achieved less effectively absent the regulation.”-
The [Supreme] Court’s, interpretation of the narrow tailoring prong in time, place and manner analyses recognizes the judiciary’s limited role in reviewing content-neutral limitations on speech. , “It is not [the court’s] function to appraise the wisdom of [the city’s] decision[.]”
The court is satisfied that the Ordinance is narrowly tailored toward a substantial government interest, that the City relied on valid studies in enacting the ordinance, and that the Ordinance leaves, open ample alternative communication channels. Further, as applied to Doctor John’s, the Ordinance does nothing more than prohibit opening before 10:00 a.m. or closing later than 11:00 p.m. as well as requiring exteri- or lighting and enforcement of a no loitering provision. As such, the court finds that the Ordinance is a valid use of the City’s legislative powers and does not run afoul of the Constitution.
4. Civil Disability Provisions of the Ordinance
The next issue presented is a challenge by plaintiff John Haltom to the disability provisions of the Ordinance. The Ordinance also requires employees to obtain a license to work in sexually oriented businesses. Issuance of such a license is governed by essentially the same procedures as issuance of a license for the business. An employee license may be denied if the “applicant has been convicted of a specified criminal activity, as defined in this ordinance.... ”
The Ordinance defines “specified criminal activity” as”
1. Prostitution or promotion of prostitution; dissemination of obscenity or illegal pornography; sale, distribution or display of harmful material to a minor; sexual performance by a child; possession or distribution of child pornography; lewdness; sexual battery; rape; indecent exposure; indecency with a child; engaging in organized criminal activity relating to a sexually oriented business; sexual assault; molestation of a child; or distribution of a controlled substance; criminal attempt, conspiracy or solicitation to commit any of the foregoing offenses or offenses involving the same elements from any jurisdiction regardless of the exact title of the offense; for which;
a., Less than two years have elapsed since the date of conviction or the date of release from confinement imposed for the conviction, whichever is the later date, if the conviction is of a misdemean- or offense;
b. Less than five years have elapsed since the date of conviction or the date of release from confinement for the conviction, whichever is the later date, if the conviction is of a felony offense; or
c. Less than five years have elapsed since the date of the last conviction or the date of release from confinement for the last conviction, whichever is the later misdemeanor offenses occurring within any 24-month period.
To have standing to challenge provisions such as these the plaintiff must show (1) a conviction of one or more of the enumerated crimes, and (2) that the conviction or release from confinement occurred recent ly enough to disable the applicant under the ordinance. Plaintiff John Haltom was recently convicted in Utah of selling pornographic materials to a minor and he has three convictions in Nebraska for distributing obscene materials. The Utah conviction appears to be recent enough to fall within the disability provision of the Ordinance. The issue before the court, therefore, is whether the disability provision operates as an improper prior restraint on constitutionally protected activity-
Assuming the civil disability provision does burden speech, which is not at all clear, the court must address what standard of review to apply. Plaintiff may be correct that the provision acts as a prior restraint. However, that argument goes more to the judicial review provisions which the court has already thoroughly addressed above and found adequate to satisfy constitutional standards. The Tenth Circuit has not expressly addressed this issue. A review of the case law, however, reveals the general rule that “courts have held that a municipality may .deny licensure ‘when an individual has been convicted of specified crimes that relate to the “crime-control intent” of the ordinance,”’ but that courts have “struck down such disabling provisions where convictions for the crime in question have no demonstrable relation to the purpose of the ordinance.”
The Sixth Circuit has addressed a civil disability provision similar to the one before the court. In Deja Vu of Nashville, Inc. v. Metropolitan Gov’t of Nashville, the Circuit applied the test set forth by the Supreme Court in United States v. O’Brien. To withstand scrutiny under O’Brien, the Ordinance must (1) be within the City’s constitutional power, (2) further a substantial government interest, (3) the interest must be unrelated to speech, and (4) the Ordinance may place only an “incidental burden of First Amendment freedoms that is no greater than is essential to further the government interest.” In Deja Vu, the Sixth Circuit found that the city had met these requirements, finding that the ordinance was validly enacted and was in furtherance of a substantial government interest unrelated to speech, namely, controlling the same secondary effects the entire licensing scheme was aimed at. The court then considered whether the ordinance placed only an incidental burden on speech and concluded:
The Ordinance’s civil disabilities provisions serve to weed out those applicants most likely to engage in the type of criminal behavior that the Ordinance seeks to redress by temporarily disqualifying those who have recently committed such acts from working for sexually oriented establishments, or alternatively, from declaring any sexually oriented establishment closely associated with such an individual ineligible to operate. In light of the temporary nature of the ban and the narrow reach of the provisions (applying only to those who have committed a felony sex crime within the last five years or a misdemeanor sex crime within the last two years), we do not find that these provisions violate the Constitution.
The Sixth Circuit’s opinion suggests that two factors are particularly important in drafting civil disability provisions. First, the court noted the temporary nature of the disability. Second, the court noted that the ordinance was narrowly tailored to the types of crimes typically associated with sexually oriented businesses.
The Fifth Circuit addressed this issue in FW/PBS v. City of Dallas. The provision at issue in that case was again very similar to the provision challenged here, including the list of disabling crimes (after the district court struck out crimes it felt unrelated to the purposes of the ordinance). The Fifth Circuit struggled with the appropriate standard of review, but noted that the provision would pass even strict scrutiny since “by documenting the strong relationship between sexually-oriented businesses and sexually related crimes, the City established a compelling justification for barring those prone to such crimes from the management of these businesses.” The court also noted the “well-accepted notion that government may attach to criminal convictions disabilities aimed at preventing recidivism.” However, the court did not think strict scrutiny was appropriate and instead held “that only a substantial relationship need be shown between the conviction and the evil sought to be prevented. The courts have not engaged in such strict scrutiny and have not otherwise required compelling necessity to justify other occupational bars attending a criminal conviction, including those laced with activity protected by the First Amendment....” In the end, the Fifth Circuit upheld the provision as narrowly tailored to achieve legitimate ends.
Ineligibility results only from offenses that are related to the kinds of criminal activity associated with sexually oriented businesses. In addition, the Ordinance permits licensing of former offenders after enough time has passed to indicate they are no longer criminally inclined and takes into account the seriousness of applicant’s offenses. The relationship between the offense and the evil to be regulated is direct and substantial.
On appeal the Supreme Court held that none of the petitioners had standing to challenge the disability provision. However, the logic of .the Fifth Circuit’s ruling seems sound.
Several district courts have also followed the approach used by the Fifth and Sixth Circuits. In Brownell v. City of Rochester, the District Court for the Western District of New York removed from the list of disabling crimes those “non-sex crimes” which were unrelated to the secondary effects the city sought to prevent but upheld the provision. It explained:
Convictions for the remaining crimes— prostitution offense, obscenity and related offenses, sexual performance by a child, possession or distribution of child pornography, offenses against public sensibilities, sex offenses, and unlawfully dealing with a child — are sufficiently related to the kinds of criminal activity associated with sexually oriented businesses to provide a legitimate basis for denying a license.
The Seventh Circuit struck down an ordinance challenged by a nude dancer which disqualified license applicants who had been convicted of certain enumerated crimes. The court labeled the ordinance a content-based restriction, but then seemingly applied the Renton test, which applies to content-neutral time, place, or manner restrictions. The Seventh Circuit’s apparent holding was that the ordinance “fail[s] to provide alternative channels for communication.” The court also stated that “[t]he First Amendment does not allow licensing provisions based on criminal history that ‘totally prohibit certain classes of persons’ from First Amendment expression.”
Even assuming the Seventh Circuit applied the appropriate analysis, it is not clear to this court that the civil disability provision at issue here fails to leave open alternative means of communication. First, the Ordinance only prohibits a tiny class of people from working in sexually oriented businesses. The constitutionally protected material will still be readily available to the public. Second, as to individual persons affected by the Ordinance, the provision prohibits only their employment in sexually oriented businesses. Such persons are still free to disseminate pornographic material, for example, by setting up a website. Therefore, the provision can be easily seen as merely a content-neutral restriction on the manner and location of distribution — the goal being to eliminate the secondary effects of sexually oriented businesses by preventing those who have been guilty of crimes associated with those secondary effects from being employed on the premises. One of the findings of the City Council in adopting the ordinance was that the licensing procedure was a valid means of preventing the secondary effect of the distribution of pornography to minors — the crime for which Mr. Haltom was recently convicted. The Council also found that the “fact that an applicant for an adult use has been convicted of a sexually related crime leads to the rational assumption that the applicant may engage” in the conduct again.
Mr. Haltom also points the court to the Fifth Circuit case of Fernandes v. Limmer, 663 F.2d 619 (5th Cir.1981). There the court concluded that an ordinance prohibiting persons “convicted of a felony or other offense of moral turpitude” from distributing literature at the Dallas airport was unconstitutional. The court described the provision as an attempt “to deny an applicant total access to the airport grounds if he has been convicted of a felony or other offense of moral turpitude.” The goal of the provision was to prevent fraud. The court found that the airport “has not shown any ‘impressive’ evidence to sustain this provision” but was merely engaging in “assumptions.”
Several important factors distinguish Fernandes from this case. First, the petitioners in Fernandes were engaged in “pure speech” in a public forum of the kind which ordinarily receives the highest protection. By contrast, employment in a sexually oriented business is at the very least speech mixed with conduct which “ ‘rests at a pronounced distance from the “pure speech” at the core of the First Amendment.’ ” Indeed, nude dancing by employees of sexually oriented businesses “falls only within the outer ambit of the First Amendment’s protection.” As such, the provision here is not subjected to the same type of scrutiny as the provision at issue in Fernandes. Second, the respondents in Fernandes had made no showing that the prohibition in any way prevented fraud. By contrast, the Ordinance at issue here has detailed findings and the civil disability provision is directly related to the types of secondary effects the City wishes to control. Most importantly, as noted above, the Fifth Circuit addressed the issue at hand directly in FW.J PBS, Inc. v. City of Dallas, and did not follow Fernandes. As such, this court finds other precedent more directly on point.
From the cases cited above it can be gleaned that the rule of law that' disability provisions denying licensure to work in sexually oriented businesses based on pri- or criminal convictions will be upheld so long as narrowly tailored to effectuate a significant government interest. The two most important elements of narrow tailoring appear to be a time limit on the disability and ensuring that the disabling crimes are sufficiently related to the evils the city wishes to prevent.
The Ordinance before the court is sufficient on all counts. First, the disabling crimes in the Ordinance are all related to the secondary effects the city wishes to avoid. Second, the affected workers are not forever prohibited but. can apply for a license after two years for a misdemeanor and five years for a felony. Mr. Haltom has previously and recently been convicted both of distributing obscenity and distributing pornography to a minor. While the issue here may be tinged with First Amendment concerns, the disability provision is really little different than numerous other provisions which prevent persons with criminal convictions from holding certain jobs.
5. Application of the Ordinance
Having determined that the Ordinance withstands constitutional scrutiny, the sole issue left for the court is the state law issue of whether Doctor John’s is a sexually oriented business as defined by the Ordinance. The City contends that Doctor John’s fits within the category of “Adult Bookstore, Adult Novelty Store, Adult Video Store” defined in the ordinance as
[A] commercial establishment which has a significant or substantial portion of its stock-in trade or derives a significant or substantial portion of its revenues or devotes a significant or substantial portion of its interior business or advertising, or maintains a substantial section of its sales or display space to the sale or rental, for any form of consideration, of any one or more of the following:
1. Books, magazines, periodicals or other printed matter, or photographs, films, motion pictures, video cassettes, compact discs, slides, or other visual representations which are characterized by their emphasis upon the exhibition or description of specified sexual activities or specified anatomical areas;
2. Instruments, devices, or paraphernalia which are designed for use or marketed primarily for stimulation of human genital organs or for sadomasochistic use of abuse of themselves or others.
Doctor John’s does not dispute that it sells the specified items. Rather, the dispute is over whether the items are a “significant or substantial” portion of its business.
Doctor John’s suggested at oral argument that floor space creates the best yardstick for “significant or substantial.” Doctor John’s further insisted that if the City would simply declare what percentage of floor space constitutes “significant or substantial,” it would immediately comply by reducing the amount of floor space devoted to the defined materials. Floor space as the sole measurement creates significant problems. Doctor John’s could easily manipulate any specific percentage given by the city by simply increasing its floor space with other non-sexually oriented material — even material it had no intention of selling — or by simply taking the same sexually oriented material and repositioning it into a smaller area.
The City suggests that revenue is the best measure. However, using revenue as the sole measure is problematic as well. For example, using revenue as a measure might cause a business to manipulate its prices to avoid classification as a sexually oriented business. More important, it seems intrusive to allow the City to investigate Doctor John’s revenue — on a per item basis — simply to implement this Ordinance.
Were this court to rule on the issue at this time, it would likely find that Doctor John’s is a sexually oriented business subject to the Ordinance. While the court has no evidence regarding advertising or revenue, according to Doctor John’s own calculations, approximately twenty-five percent of its floor space is devoted to the defined materials. It is plausible that twenty-five percent of a business is a significant or substantial portion.
It would, however, be inappropriate for this court to answer this question at this time. Having resolved all of the federal questions before the court, the sole remaining issue is one of state law: Is Doctor John’s covered by the Ordinance? The Ordinance sets forth detailed procedures for classification of businesses, including an administrative procedure and appeal to state courts of competent jurisdiction. These procedures should be applied in this case and state authorities should have the first opportunity at interpreting the Ordinance to determine whether Doctor John’s is a sexually oriented business. Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1367(c)(3), a federal court may decline to exercise supplemental jurisdiction over an issue of state law where “the district court has dismissed all claims over which it has original jurisdiction.” Having resolved all federal claims, the court hereby DENIES the City’s motion for summary judgment that Doctor John’s is a sexually oriented business. These matters are best left to be resolved by the appropriate state authorities under the procedures — including procedures for judicial review — specified in the Ordinance.
CONCLUSION
The City’s Motion for Partial Summary Judgment requesting an injunction is hereby DENIED (# 26-1). Doctor John’s Motion for Summary Judgment is hereby DENIED (# 31-1). The clerk of the court is directed to close the case.
. See Deposition of Lorann Blaine at pp. 23-25; see also, Doctor John’s Inc. v. City of Sioux City, Iowa, 305 F.Supp.2d 1022 (N.D.Iowa, 2004)
. Affidavit of Chris Zimmerman at ¶ 2.
. Id.
. Deposition of John K. Coil at pp. 19-20.
. 73 P.3d 334 (Utah 2003)., cert. denied, - U.S. -, 124 S.Ct. 826, 157 L.Ed.2d 698 (2003).
. Id. at 340.
. Id. (citation omitted).
. Id. citing ACORN v. Municipality of Golden, Co., 744 F.2d 739, 744 (10th Cir.1984).
. Id. at 341.
.Id. at 342.
. Midvale City, 73 P.3 d at 342-43.
. Id. at 343 quoting Young v. American Mini Theatres, Inc., 427 U.S. 50, 62, 96 S.Ct. 2440, 49 L.Ed.2d 310 (1976).
. Id. at 344-45.
. Id. at 347 citing Ogden City v. Eagle Books, Inc., 586 P.2d 436 (Utah 1978).
. Id. at 348 quoting City of Erie v. Pap’s A.M., 529 U.S. 277, 294, 120 S.Ct. 1382, 146 L.Ed.2d 265 (2000).
. Id. at 347.
. Z.J. Gifts D-4, L.L.C. v. City of Littleton, 311 F.3d 1220, 1226 (10th Cir.2002) (citation omitted) reversed on other grounds City of Littleton, Colo. v. Z.J. Gifts D-4, L.L.C., - U.S. -, 124 S.Ct. 2219, 159 L.Ed.2d 84 (2004).
. Z.J. Gifts, 311 F.3d at 1226 (citation omitted).
. Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife, 504 U.S. 555, 560, 112 S.Ct. 2130, 119 L.Ed.2d 351 (1992).
. Z.J. Gifts, 311 F.3d at 1226.
. City of Lakewood v. Plain Dealer Pub. Co., 486 U.S. 750, 759, 108 S.Ct. 2138, 100 L.Ed.2d 771 (1988).
. Id.
. Id.
. Id. at 758-59, 108 S.Ct. 2138.
. The Tool Box v. Ogden City Corp., 355 F.3d 1236, 1241 (10th Cir.2004) (en banc).
. Essence, Inc. v. City of Federal Heights, 285 F.3d 1272, 1290 (10th Cir.2002), cert. denied, 537 U.S. 947, 123 S.Ct. 411, 154 L.Ed.2d 291 (2002).
. Id.
. Z.J. Gifts, - U.S. at -, 124 S.Ct. at 2226.
. Midvale, 73 P.3d at 340.
. See FW/PBS, Inc. v. City of Dallas, 493 U.S. 215, 223, 110 S.Ct. 596, 107 L.Ed.2d 603 (1990) aff'd in part, vacated, on other grounds in part, 493 U.S. 215, 110 S.Ct. 596, 107 L.Ed.2d 603 (1990) (facial challenge appropriate where "licensing scheme vests unbridled discretion in the decisionmaker”).
. 311 F.3d 1220 (10th Cir.2002).
. Z.J. Gifts, 311 F.3d at 1228.
. Id. at 1229 (citations omitted).
. Id. at 2225 (citations omitted).
. Id.
. Heffron v. International Soc. for Krishna Consciousness, Inc., 452 U.S. 640, 649, 101 S.Ct. 2559, 69 L.Ed.2d 298 (1981).
. Midvale, 73 P.3d at 341 (quoting FW/PBS, Inc. v. City of Dallas, 493 U.S. at 229, 110 S.Ct. 596).
. Z.J. Gifts, 311 F.3d at 1227 (quoting National Council for Improved Health v. Shalala, 122 F.3d 878, 883 (10th Cir.1997)).
. Z.J. Gifts, 311 F.3d at 1227 (quoting Babbitt v. United Farm Workers National Union, 442 U.S. 289, 99 S.Ct. 2301, 60 L.Ed.2d 895 (1979)).
. Lujan, 504 U.S. at 560, 112 S.Ct. 2130.
. Young, 427 U.S. at 60, 96 S.Ct. 2440.
. Z.J. Gifts, 311 F.3d at 1229.
. Id.
. Id.
. Id. at 1231 (quoting Essence, 285 F.3d at 1289-90).
. Essence, 285 F.3d at 1289-90.
. Z.J. Gifts, - U.S. at -, 124 S.Ct. at 2225.
. Id. (citations omitted).
. Id.
. 285 F.3d at 1281.
. The Tool Box, 355 F.3d at 1240; see also City of Renton v. Playtime Theatres, Inc. 475 U.S. 41, 47. 106 S.Ct. 925. 89 L.Ed.2d 29 (1986) (Zoning ordinance is content-neutral where it "is not aimed at the content of the speech but rather at the secondary effects of [the sexually-oriented business] on the surrounding community”).
. 136 F.3d at 686 (citations omitted).
. Z.J. Gifts D-4, 311 F.3d at 1239 n. 15.
. 475 U.S. 41, 106 S.Ct. 925, 89 L.Ed.2d 29 (1986).
. Id. at 45, 53, 106 S.Ct. 925.
. City of Renton, 475 U.S. at 50, 106 S.Ct. 925 (quoting Young, 427 U.S. at 71, 96 S.Ct. 2440).
. See Z.J. Gifts D-2, 136 F.3d at 686.
. 330 F.3d 288, 295 (5th Cir.2003), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 124 S.Ct. 466, 157 L.Ed.2d 372 (2003) ("Off-site businesses differ from on-site ones, because it is only reasonable to assume that the former are less likely to create harmful secondary effects. If consumers of pornography cannot view the materials at the sexually oriented establishment, they are less likely to linger in the area and engage in public alcohol consumption and other undesirable activities.”).
. 136 F.3d at 688.
. City of Renton, 475 U.S. at 51-52, 106 S.Ct. 925.
. Z.J. Gifts D-2, 136 F.3d at 688 (citing City of Renton, 475 U.S. at 51-52, 106 S.Ct. 925).
. Id. at 689, 106 S.Ct. 925 (citations omitted).
. Schultz v. City of Cumberland, 228 F.3d 831, 846 (7th Cir.2000) (regulation of operating hours of sexually oriented businesses "is a classic time, place or manner restriction”).
. See Z.J. Gifts D-4, 311 F.3d at 1228.
. Deja Vu of Nashville, Inc. v. Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County, Tennessee, 274 F.3d 377, 391 (6th Cir.2001), cert. denied, 535 U.S. 1073, 122 S.Ct. 1952, 152 L.Ed.2d 855 (2002) (prior restraint argument "more properly applies to our examination of the Ordinance’s mechanisms for providing prompt judicial review rather than our decision of which level of constitutional scrutiny to apply”).
. Brownell v. City of Rochester, 190 F.Supp.2d 472, 496 (W.D.N.Y.2001) (quoting Tee & Bee, Inc. v. City of West Allis, 936 F.Supp. 1479, 1489 (E.D.Wis.1996)).
. Id.
. 391 U.S. 367, 88 S.Ct. 1673, 20 L.Ed.2d 672 (1968).
. Id. at 377, 88 S.Ct. 1673.
. Deja Vu, 274 F.3d at 392.
. 837 F.2d 1298 (5th Cir.1988).
. Id. at 1305.
. Id.
. Id.
. Id.
. 190 F.Supp.2d 472 (W.D.N.Y.2001).
. Id. at 496.
. Id.; see also Tee & Bee, Inc., 936 F.Supp. at 1489 (upholding ordinance denying licensure based on prior convictions).
. Schultz v. City of Cumberland, 228 F.3d 831 (7th Cir.2000).
. Id. at 852.
. Id.
. Id. at 629.
.Id. at 630.
. Dodger's Bar & Grill, Inc. v. Johnson County Bd. of County Com'rs, 32 F.3d 1436, 1443 (10th Cir.1994).
. Pap’s AM., 529 U.S. at 289, 120 S.Ct. 1382.
. See e.g., Utah Code Ann. § 53A-6-405 (teachers may be denied license because of criminal convictions); Utah Code Ann. § 32A-4-103 (person convicted of enumerated crimes prohibited from obtaining restaurant liquor license); Utah Code Ann. § 36-11-103 (person convicted of enumerated crimes within previous five years prohibited from holding a lobbyist license); Utah Code Ann. § 4-38-10 (person convicted of a crime of moral turpitude prohibited from holding a race meet).
. 28 U.S.C. § 1367(c)(3).
| CASELAW |
Crown Castle International Corp. Makes a Big Bet on Small Cells
Wireless tower operator Crown Castle International (NYSE: CCI) reported first-quarter results after the closing bell on Monday, April 24. Here's what you need to know.
Crown Castle's first-quarter results: The raw numbers
Data source: Crown Castle.
What happened with Crown Castle this quarter?
Crown Castle exceeded the high end of management's guidance ranges on many metrics, including revenue and AFFO profits.
Site rental revenue showed 4% organic year-over-year growth, with the remaining increases coming from new site acquisitions.
Small-cell revenue jumped 41% higher and now accounts for 15% of Crown Castle's total sales. That's up from 11% in the year-ago quarter.
Crown Castle is emphasizing its small-cell operations in a big way, backed by large capital investments. Sixty-one percent of this quarter's discretionary capital expenses, or $151 million, were funneled into construction and infrastructure improvements in the small-cell segment. That's up from 43% or $79 million in the first quarter of 2016.
Management provided the following guidance targets for the second quarter and full year of 2017:
Second-quarter rental revenue should land near $869 million. Further down the income statement, the net income target was set at roughly $100 million and AFFO profits were guided to approximately $435 million.
Crown Castle's full-year revenue and AFFO profit projections were held fairly steady, but the net income target was raised by 17%.
What management had to say
In a prepared statement, CEO Jay Brown made sure to steer the conversation toward the large growth opportunities he expects in the next few years.
"Given the expected substantial increase in mobile data demand over the coming years, we are excited about the opportunities for growth we see as a result of our position as a leading provider of wireless infrastructure in the US," Brown said. "Over the longer term, we believe there is an extended runway of growth driven by positive industry developments, including the deployment of FirstNet and spectrum from the recently completed incentive auction ."
Looking ahead
Crown Castle is planning to double its network of small-cell stations over the next 28 to 24 months. The network model of small wireless stations supported by direct fiber-optic backbone connections promises to match the traditional cell tower market in terms of long-term revenue footprint.
The wireless industry is evolving as we speak, and Crown Castle is doing its level best to capitalize on these new market conditions.
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Anders Bylund has no position in any stocks mentioned. The Motley Fool owns shares of and recommends Crown Castle International. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy .
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Wikipedia talk:Featured article candidates/Apororhynchus/archive1
TFA blurb review
Apororhynchus is a genus of small, parasitic spiny-headed (or thorny-headed) worms, the only genus in the order Apororhynchida. A lack of features commonly found in Acanthocephala suggests an evolutionary branching from the other three orders of class Archiacanthocephala. The distinguishing features of this order are a highly enlarged proboscis containing small hooks, and differently structured musculature around this proboscis in its receptacle and receptacle protrusor. The genus contains six species that are distributed globally, being collected sporadically in Hawaii, Europe, North America, South America, and Asia. These worms exclusively parasitize birds by attaching themselves around the cloaca using their hooks and adhesives secreted from cement glands. The bird hosts are of different orders, including owls, waders, and passerines. Infection by an Apororhynchus species may cause enteritis and anemia.
Just a suggested blurb ... thoughts and edits are welcome. - Dank (push to talk) 20:40, 12 December 2019 (UTC)
* David Levy will be resizing the image, probably the day before it hits the Main Page. - Dank (push to talk) 23:29, 12 December 2019 (UTC)
* Looks great, I just wish we had a better picture than a hundred year old sketch, but I cannot find one yet. Mattximus (talk) 12:55, 13 December 2019 (UTC)
* I don't know, that looks suitably creepy to me. Removed two words. I see Jim has scheduled this already! - Dank (push to talk) 13:11, 13 December 2019 (UTC) | WIKI |
Journal of Discourses/Volume 17/The Belief of the Saints in the Mission of the Savior, etc.
I should like the people to keep as quiet as possible, I have a few words to say to them concerning the inheritances of the Saints. I will talk to those who are believers in the Old and New Testaments, as this book which lies before me is called—the Bible, and in the mission of the Savior. I will ask the Latter-day Saints if they believe that the man Christ Jesus, who was crucified at Jerusalem, over eighteen hundred years ago, was the Savior of the world, and that he paid the debt contracted by our first parents, and redeemed the children of men from the fall? Of cour[s]e, they will answer in the affirmative. You believe, then, in the mission of the Savior to the earth? "Of course we do," is the answer. Do we believe that the Savior is heir to this earth. I will answer for all Saints and all believers in the Savior and say we do. Do we believe that this man Christ Jesus has received his inheritance; has he finished the work which he came into the world and was manifested in the flesh to accomplish? I will answer for all Christians and say he has not, as yet, finished his work or received the kingdom. As for the proof of this you can go to the Bible and all the other revelations that we have in our possession, and you will find it there. Are we co-workers with the Savior to redeem the children of men and all things pertaining to the earth? I will answer for the Saints and say that we most assuredly believe we are. All who, while in the flesh, received and were faithful to the Priesthood, labored with the Savior while they remained here, and when they passed into the spirit world their labors did not cease, but they passed into the prison, and, to this day, they are preaching to the spirits there, and laboring for the salvation of the human family and for the earth and all things pertaining to it.
Have these men, who have lived upon the earth and enjoyed the blessings of the holy Priesthood, received their inheritances? I take the liberty of answering for all Saints in the negative. They have not received their inheritances, but they have received promises like Abraham of old when he was shown the land of Canaan, and it was promised to him that it should be his inheritance, and that of his seed after him forever and ever. To this day they have not inherited the land according to the promises that were made to Abraham. So it is with all others. Have any of us, in the latter-days, received inheritances upon the face of this earth that shall be everlasting? No, we are not prepared to receive them, and they are not prepared for us. I am telling you these things that you may know and understand that, when we talk about property, or anything else that we seem to possess, we have not yet received anything for an everlasting inheritance. If we are faithful we shall receive after a long time, that is, it may seem long to us who reckon time by years, months, weeks, days, minutes and seconds. I should like to have the Latter-day Saints understand what their labor is, and to have each one understand his duty, and then understand the reward of obedience to that duty.
We get a great many good gifts here—we enjoy a great deal that the Lord gives us; gifts that we will say are inherent natural gifts. What a beautiful gift the power of the eye is for a man to enjoy! What a beautiful gift the power of hearing is to the people, and all our senses—tasting, smelling, &c., and the passions when they are governed and controlled, how beautiful they are! Shall we inherit them for ever and ever, or shall we take a course that they shall be taken from us?
We are talking now to the brethren about being one, operating together, submitting all to the kingdom of God. What for? Am I to give what I have? "Why, this is my house, this is my farm, these are my cattle!" We only seem to have them, they are only in our possession for the present. "This is my wife, these are my wives, here are my children!" We seem to possess them, but whether we shall possess them forever depends entirely upon our future course. How long will this state of things last? Until we have passed the ordeals allotted to finite, intelligent beings, and have passed from one degree and state to another; until the work is completed by the Savior, pertaining to this earth, and our eternal salvation is sealed to us. While we live here in the flesh we are subject to turn to the right and to the left, and we have the vanities and allurements of the world to contend with; and we see Latter-day Saints, after traveling five, ten, twenty, and even forty years, faithful in the kingdom of God, turn away from the holy commandments. They will be lost, and all that they have had, and all that they think they have will be taken from them and given to those who are faithful; and those who are faithful will not receive their inheritances, so that they can say they are their own, until they have passed all these ordeals, and until the Savior has completed the work of redemption. He is now trying to get the people to avail themselves of the advantages of his atonement, and we, professedly, are enjoying these advantages, but how slow and slothful we are! What trifling, frivolous shadows, I may say vain ideas, will turn the hearts and the affections and judgment and will of man from the principles of truth! I want you to understand that you have not your eternal inheritances, although you may have an inheritance here in this city.
By and by the centre stake of Zion may be redeemed. We may go there, and Zion may be built up and spread abroad and we receive our inheritances; and if we are faithful we shall receive all that has been promised to us. But suppose that we turn away from our covenants, all will be taken from us and given to others.
When shall we receive our inheritances so that we can say they are our own? When the Savior has completed the work, when the faithful Saints have preached the Gospel to the last of the spirits who have lived here and who are designed to come to this earth; when the thousand years of rest shall come and thousands and thousands of Temples shall be built, and the servants and handmaids of the Lord shall have entered therein and officiated for themselves, and for their dead friends back to the days of Adam; when the last of the spirits in prison who will receive the Gospel has received it; when the Savior comes and receives his ready bride, and all who can be are saved in the various kingdoms of God—celestial, terrestrial and telestial, according to their several capacities and opportunities; when sin and iniquity are driven from the earth, and the spirits that now float in this atmosphere are driven into the place prepared for them; and when the earth is sanctified from the effects of the fall, and baptized, cleansed, and purified by fire, and returns to its paradisiacal state, and has become like a sea of glass, a urim and thummim; when all this is done, and the Savior has presented the earth to his Father, and it is placed in the cluster of the celestial kingdoms, and the Son and all his faithful brethren and sisters have received the welcome plaudit—"Enter ye into the joy of your Lord," and the Savior is crowned, then and not till then, will the Saints receive their everlasting inheritances. I want you to understand this. We seem to have something now, but how long shall we keep it?
The Latter-day Saints are believers in the atonement of the Savior, and I would like to have the Elders of Israel understand as far as they can all the points of doctrine in regard to the redemption of the human family, that they may know how to talk about and explain them. No one who believes in the Bible and in the mission of the Savior believes that the wicked are going to possess this earth; but they believe that when it is prepared it will be given to the Saints and they will inherit it. The Savior has requested us and all of his disciples to remember him as oft as we meet together, and to break bread in remembrance of his body which was broken for us, and to drink from the cup in remembrance of the blood that was shed for us. We meet, as we are doing to day, and partake of the bread and the water in compliance with this request of the Redeemer. We have a great work before us; and that portion of it we are now trying to inaugurate is not new. The doctrine of uniting together in our temporal labors, and all working for the good of all is from the beginning, from everlasting, and it will be for ever and ever. No one supposes for one moment that in heaven the angels are speculating, that they are building railroads and factories, taking advantage one of another, gathering up the substance there is in heaven to aggrandize themselves, and that they live on the same principle that we are in the habit of doing. No Christian, no sectarian Christian, in the world believes this; they believe that the inhabitants of heaven live as a family, that their faith, interests and pursuits have one end in view—the glory of God and their own salvation, that they may receive more and more,—go on from perfection to perfection, receiving, and then dispensing to others; they are ready to go, and ready to come, and willing to do whatever is required of them and to work for the interest of the whole community, for the good of all. We all believe this, and suppose we go to work and imitate them as far as we can. Would it be anything derogatory to the character of a gentleman or a lady? I think not. As far as I understand true principle the title of gentleman should not be applied to any man on the earth unless he is a good man. No gentleman takes the name of the Deity in vain. Some who do take his name in vain may be called gentleman, but it is a mistake, they are not gentlemen. A gentleman carries himself respectfully before the inhabitants of the earth at all times, in all places and under all circumstances, and his life is worthy of imitation. She who is worthy of the title of lady adorns her mind with the rich things of the kingdom of God; she is modest in her attire and manners; she is prudent, discreet and faithful, and full of all goodness, charity, love, and kindness, with the love of God in her heart. Such a woman has a right to the title of lady, and I do not consider that any others have, whether they are elect or not.
We will try to imitate in some small degree, the family that lives in heaven, and prepare ourselves for the society that will dwell upon the earth when it is purified and glorified and comes into the presence of the Father.
For us to think that we have an inheritance on the earth is folly, unless God has declared, and sealed it upon us, by revelation, that we shall never fall, never doubt, never come short of glorifying him or of doing his will in all things. No person, unless he is in the possession of this blessing, has the least right to suppose that he has an inheritance on the earth. For the time being we have our wives, children, farms and other possessions, but unless we prove ourselves worthy, what we seem to have will be taken from us and given to those who are worthy, consequently we need not worry with regard to the defects of one another. I say to the brethren, you need not have the least concern in the world about meeting a man in the celestial kingdom that you, if you are worthy and are so happy as to get into the celestial kingdom, can not fellowship; and if you should happen to be the one that is in fault and you cannot pass the sentinel, and your neighbor or brother does, he will not see you there, you need not be concerned in the least about being joined to any person by the holy sealing power, that will not do right in the next world. I say to my sisters in the kingdom, who are sealed to men, and who say, "We do not want this man in eternity if he is going to conduct himself there as he does here"—there is not the least danger in the world of your ever seeing him in eternity or of his seeing you there if he proves himself unworthy here. But if he honors his Priesthood, and you are to blame and come short of doing your duty, and prove yourself unworthy of celestial glory, it will be left to him to do what he pleases with you. You will be very glad to get to him if you find the fault was in yourself and not in him. But if you are not at fault, be not troubled about being joined to him there, for no man will have the privilege of gathering his wives and children around him there unless he proves himself worthy of them.
I have said a number of times, and I will say again, to you ladies who want to get a bill of divorce from your husbands, because they do not treat you right, or because you do not exactly like their ways, there is a principle upon which a woman can leave a man, but if the man honors his Priesthood, it will be pretty hard work for you to get away from him. If he is just and right, serves God and is full of justice, love, mercy and truth, he will have the power that is sealed upon him, and will do what he pleases with you. When you want to get a bill of divorce, you had better wait and find out whether the Lord is willing to give you one or not, and not come to me. I tell the brethren and sisters, when they come to me and want a bill of divorce, that I am ready to seal people and administer in the ordinances, and they are welcome to my services, but when they undertake to break the commandments and tear to pieces the doings of the Lord, I make them give me something. I tell a man he has to give me ten dollars if he wants a divorce. For what? My services? No, for his foolishness. If you want a bill of divorce give me ten dollars, so that I can put it down in the book that such a man and such a woman have dissolved partnership. Do you think you have done so when you have obtained a bill of divorce? No, nor ever can if you are faithful to the covenants you have made. It takes a higher power than a bill of divorce to take a woman from a man who is a good man and honors his Priesthood—it must be a man who possesses a higher power in the Priesthood, or else the woman is bound to her husband, and will be forever and ever. You might as well ask me for a piece of blank paper for a divorce, as to have a little writing on it, saying—"We mutually agree to dissolve partnership and keep ourselves apart from each other," &c. It is all nonsense and folly; there is no such thing in the ordinances of the house of God; you cannot find any such law. It is true Jesus told the people that a man could put away his wife for fornication, but for nothing short of this. There is a law for you to be obedient, and humble and faithful.
Now, brethren, the man that honors his Priesthood, the woman that honors her Priesthood, will receive an everlasting inheritance in the kingdom of God; but it will not be until this earth is purified and sanctified, and ready to be offered up to the Father. But we can go to work now and live as near as we can like the family of heaven, that we may secure to ourselves the blessings of heaven and of earth, of time and of eternity, and life everlasting in the presence of the Father and the Son. This is what we want to do. Remember it, brethren and sisters, and try to live worthy of the vocation of your high calling. You are called to be Saints—just think of and realize it, for the greatest honor and privilege that can be conferred upon a human being is to have the privilege of being a Saint. The honor of the kings and queens of the earth fades into insignificance when compared with the title of a Saint. You may possess earthly power, and rule with an iron hand, but that power is nothing, it will soon be broken and pass away; but the power of those who live and honor the Priesthood will increase forever and ever.
Now I am going to yield for my brethren to talk to you. I have said a few things. Remember the exhortation I gave you this morning. Live according to the faith of our religion. Let contention, all contention cease; cease finding fault with and casting reflections upon those who are not exactly with us. Let us show by our daily walk and doings that we have something better than they have. I will say to you who enter this Order, with regard to your temporal affairs, cease your extravagance. The Lord has said he would make the Latter-day Saints the richest people on the earth; but all he will do is to give us the ability and place means in our possession, and we must go to work and organize this means and make ourselves rich; and the first step is to stop our extravagance, cease this needless expense, learn to make that which we wear, raise that which we eat, live within ourselves, accumulate the good things of life, and so make ourselves wealthy.
I pray the Lord our God to bless you and to inspire every heart to faithfulness, that we may be prepared for a better place than this—for this world when it shall be sanctified and glorified, that we may then enjoy the society of each other without sin and without these annoyances. | WIKI |
Carillon Tower
The Carillon Tower is a 394 ft high-rise in Charlotte, North Carolina, United States. The building was completed in 1991 and it has 24 floors. The top of the high-rise contains a copper-roofed, Gothic central spire shaped like a bell tower, which rises 300 ft from the base of the building. This structure is considered to be the most striking feature of the property, and it was designed to resemble the architecture of the historic First Presbyterian Church located across the street. The same church also inspired the building's name. An art gallery is located in the lobby of the building hosts a program of rotating exhibitions, including artist Jean Tinguely's Cascade, a 40 ft mobile suspended above an indoor fountain. A landscaped public plaza is situated at the entrance of Carillon on West Trade Street. It surrounds a 30 ft high multi-colored aluminum sculpture, designed by Jerry Peart, named The Garden. It has 470726 sqft of Class A office space. This building was built on the former site of the Hotel Charlotte. In 2007, it was sold for $140 million (equivalent to $ million in ) to Hines. | WIKI |
Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair: A Minimally Invasive Solution to a Life-Threatening Condition
Imagine living with a ticking time bomb inside your body, completely unaware of the danger it poses. This is the reality for people who have an aortic aneurysm, a condition characterized by an abnormal bulging of the aorta, the body’s largest artery. An aortic aneurysm, if left untreated, can cause life-threatening complications such as rupture and internal bleeding. There is, however, hope. Thanks to advances in medical technology, Endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) provides a minimally invasive solution to this critical condition.
Understanding Aortic Aneurysms
An aortic aneurysm occurs when the aortic walls weaken, resulting in a localized dilation. This condition frequently develops gradually and is caused by a variety of factors including age, high blood pressure, smoking, and a family history of aneurysms. The danger comes from the possibility of a rupture, which can cause severe internal bleeding, organ damage, or even death. To facilitate timely intervention and prevent catastrophic consequences, it is critical to recognize the signs and risk factors associated with aortic aneurysms.
Introduction to Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair
Endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) is a revolutionary treatment option that has transformed the management of aortic aneurysms. Endovascular repair, as opposed to traditional open surgery, which requires a large incision and extensive recovery time, is a minimally invasive procedure. It entails using catheters and stent grafts to reinforce the weakened section of the aorta, lowering the risk of rupture. This novel approach has numerous advantages, making it a popular choice among many patients. As the population ages, a large subset of people in their 60s, 70s, and 80s require complex repairs, but open surgery is too risky for them. As a result, the endovascular approach may be a viable option for those in this category.
The Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair Procedure
Patients are thoroughly prepared and evaluated prior to the procedure to guarantee an optimal result. Anesthesia is administered in the operating room, and the patient is carefully positioned for the surgery. The procedure begins by inserting a guidewire and sheath into the femoral artery, which is usually located in the groin area. These instruments create a path for the endovascular stent graft to be precisely positioned within the aneurysm. The stent graft strengthens the weakened aortic wall, restoring proper blood flow and preventing rupture. The procedure lasts less time than traditional surgery, and patients experience less postoperative pain and faster recovery.
Postoperative Care and Recovery
Patients receive immediate postoperative care in a hospital setting following endovascular aortic aneurysm repair. While complications do occur, they are usually less frequent and less severe than in open surgery. Patients are closely watched for signs of infection, blood clots, or graft-related complications. The recovery time varies according to the individual’s condition, but most patients can expect to resume normal activities within a few weeks. To ensure a smooth recovery, it is critical to follow the doctor’s instructions regarding medication, lifestyle changes, and scheduled follow-up appointments.
Benefits and Success Rates of Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair
Endovascular repair has long-term benefits for people who have aortic aneurysms. Compared to open surgery, this minimally invasive procedure has higher success rates, lower mortality rates, and shorter hospital stays, according to studies. It also reduces the risk of complications and allows patients to resume their normal activities sooner. It is important to note, however, that endovascular repair may not be appropriate for everyone, particularly in complex cases or when anatomical factors are unfavorable. In such cases, open surgery may still be the best option. Regular monitoring and follow-up appointments are essential to the continued success and durability of the repaired aortic segment.
Endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) has changed the face of aortic aneurysm treatment, providing patients with a minimally invasive and effective option. This procedure can significantly improve a patient’s quality of life and life expectancy by reinforcing the weakened aortic wall and preventing rupture. Seek medical attention right away if you suspect or have been diagnosed with an aortic aneurysm. Remember that early intervention is critical for avoiding potentially fatal complications. Recognize the hope and life-changing potential of endovascular repair and take the first step towards a healthier future.
Dr. Krishna Chaitanya, Lead Consultant – Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Aster RV Hospital
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Supported platforms
Platform and APIs
The following table lists the platform and architectures that are currently supported via MyScript Developer Portal:
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Windlust, Achthuizen
Windlust ("Wind love"), is a flour windmill in Achthuizen, Oostflakkee, South Holland, Netherlands.
History
The mill was built by Dirk David van Dijk in 1852. From 1933 to 1991 the mill was owned by Van Reijen & Zn, a grain, feed and fertilizer merchant. The mill was shut down and fell into disrepair. It was dismantled around 1970. Starting about 1981 an extensive renovation began. Many problems were encountered, so the project took much longer than expected. The mill was purchased by the Goeree-Overflakkee Mill Foundation in 1991, and is now back in working order. It has two pairs of millstones, and is operated by volunteers. | WIKI |
Python: Megre multiple dataframes into single data frame
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How to merge multiple dataframes into single data frame? I have 3 different dataframes. I want to combine them and make then as one dataframe. Can you please provide the code?
6 days ago in Python by Kumar
10 views
1 answer to this question.
0 votes
You can merge the data frame using the various methods based on your requirement you can use join, merge, concat, append and so on to implement the merging. Example of using the concat method is as follows. Suppose you have 2 dataframe df1, df2 and df3. Then you can merge them as follows:
import pandas as pd
frames=[df1,df2,df3]
result=pd.concat(frames)
answered 6 days ago by Sharan
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Jim Crow in “To Kill A Mockingbird” by Harper Lee
The Jim Crow laws had an extremely strong influence en route of life of many individuals in the late sass’s up to the mid-sass’s. Partition was extremely enforced and had the result of people victimizing each other. The Jim Crow laws had actually affected the southern part of the US, Alabama in specific. In Harper Lee’s unique “To Kill a Mockingbird”, numerous traces of the influence of the Jim Crow laws can be discovered. Her story is based upon life in the sass’s and takes place in Macomb County in Alabama. The traces of the laws are primarily seen through the characters in her unique and in the ay that they act towards each other.
The narrator and main character Jean Louise Finch, better known as Scout, has her own ideas on the ways that individuals deal with each other and how they discriminate. Lots of grownups may think that she has little understanding of the things that go around worldwide and why things are done the way they are. In reality Scout, along with many other children, understands Just as much about life as we do. The only difference may be that her viewpoint Is more Innocent and Perfect. In time Scout tarts to discover bit by bit that life is unfair and It Is not how It needs to be, however It Is instead segregated between the people.
The Ells are extremely distinguished from the remainder of the society. This Is clearly revealed when Attic’s mentioned that “the Ells had been the disgrace of Macomb for 3 generations” which “the Ells were made up of an unique society comprised of Ells.” (Lee, p. 30) The Ells were dealt with Just as Inferior as the African Americans, yet they had more benefits due to the fact that they are white. They do not have to follow the law and the kids did not need to participate in school the entire year. The Lowell family lives beside the dump and Remains in an extremely uncomfortable situation. Mrs.
Lowell had died awhile back and Mr. Lowell Is extremely abusive and tends to drink beyond the limitations. Without her mom to help, Male Lowell needs to look after the home and her younger brother or sisters alone. Others of higher class do not Like to “socialize” with her family and as an outcome, she has no friends aside from Tom Robinson. This small reality was learned when Attic’s concerns Male throughout court: “miss out on Male,’ said Attic’s, In spite of himself, ‘a nineteen-year-old woman Like you need to eave friends. Who are your pals?’ The witness frowned as If puzzled. ‘Pals?” (Lee, p. 183) Another household that Is likewise distinguished from society Is the Cunningham household. The Cunningham are a poor household that were affected by the Great Anxiety and now are discriminated against since of their low status. Due to the fact that of the absence of cash, the Cunningham just pay debts with what they have such as crops. There was a time In which young Walter Cunningham experienced embarrassment and a bargain Trot scout Decease MISS Caroline tree to leno ml a kneel Ana en, as well s the entire class, understood that he would not be able to pay it back. Lee, pegs. 20-22) Attic’s Finches sis and Scout’s auntie, Alexandra, is a fine example of somebody that still lives according to the Jim Crow laws. This is shown when it is understood that she does not like the concept having California raising the children even though Cal resembled a second mom to both Scout and Gem. Alexandra demonstrated how she was uneasy having Cal play the role of the mother when she said “… You’ve got to do something about her. You have actually let things go on too long, Attic’s, too long. (Lee, p. 36) Aunt Alexandra likewise disagrees with Scout and Gem socializing with the other children that were of lower class such as the Ells or, more particularly, the Cunningham. She victimizes anyone that does not have the same origins or the same skin color as she does. Gem when informed Scout that “… Our kind of folks don’t like the Cunningham, the Cunningham do not like the Ells, and the Ells hate and abhor the colored folks.” (Lee, p. 226) The Jim Crow laws were mainly displayed in the unique when Tom Robinsons trial took place.
It was seen that the laws had actually left a mark on the attitudes of the members of the Jury in addition to any other person in the courtroom. The mark was shown when it was said that “A Jury never looks at an offender it has actually founded guilty, and when this Jury can be found in, not one of them took a look at Tom Robinson.” (Lee, p. 211) It was obvious that Tom Robinson was innocent but because of the effect the Jim Crow laws, Tom was declared guilty. Everyone was cautious of Tom’s attitude towards Male Lowell because the laws had said that a black man was not to show emotions or feelings towards a white woman.
Martin Luther King, Jar., NASH Jim Crow Laws) There was likewise a time in the book in which a mob had been looking for Tom to lynch him, which is “to choose equally without holding a legal trial that someone is guilty of some crime or misdemeanors, and subsequently to put them to death, generally by hanging” (wry. Lords. Com). Many would think that the Jim Crow laws do not affect Boo, but I think otherwise. Arthur Raddled, much better referred to as Boo, is really strange character in the book. He would never come out of his home leaving curiosity in the eyes of grownups as well as hillier.
Boo might not have been affected straight by the laws however other people are impacted by them. Gem once said “l believe I’m beginning to comprehend why Boo Reader’s remained stopped talking in the house all this time … It’s since he wants to stay inside. “(Lee, p. 227) Boo would not come out due to the fact that he was victimized by people such as Miss Stephanie Crawford, who would not stop making presumptions and Evaluating him. He did not like being in a vicious world where individuals were being extremely racist and discriminatory, not just to African-Americans, however to inferior whites as ell.
Cal and the rest of the African Americans were really discriminated against by the population of Macomb. Cal was respected more than the others because of her having the advantage of working for Attic’s, but other than that, she was set apart Trot teenager winless. All AT teen Hypnotic trance Americans level past teen ump an a teen Lowell home, in the Negro Cabins. She would attend the First Purchase African M. E. Church along with the other State’s. Throughout the times of Jim Crow, both white and black victimized each other and since of this Cal required to act differently hen associating with either group.
Cal stated folks do not like to someone around known’ more than they do. It aggravates ‘me. You’re not goanna modification any of them by talking’ right, they have actually got to want to learn themselves, and when they don’t wish to learn there’s absolutely nothing you can do however keep you’re mouth shut or talk their language.” (Lee, p. 126) Because Cal was literate and other weren’t, she required to speak the way that they spoke when around them and she needed to be more sophisticated around the other classes. The Jim Crow laws had much impact on Harper Lee when writing To Kill a Mockingbird. | FINEWEB-EDU |
The road map to solving childhood obesity - POLITICO
By Mike Allen 05/16/2010 11:27 PM EDT White House domestic policy adviser Melody Barnes says first lady Michelle Obama is speaking quite literally when she says the goal of her Let's Move campaign is solving the problem of childhood obesity within a generation. That is literally achievable, Barnes said in an interview for the new POLITICO video series, The Politics of America's Youth. In the 1970s, about 5 percent of the nation's child and adolescent population was considered obese. Now, that's shot up to 20 percent. We set the goal of 2030. So we'll go from 20 percent childhood obesity to 5 percent childhood obesity by the year 2030. Story Continued Below The White House Task Force on Childhood Obesity, appointed by President Barack Obama, this month delivered a 124-page Report to the President, with 70 recommendations in five areas: early childhood, empowering parents and caregivers, health food in schools, access to healthful, affordable food and increasing physical activity. Barnes is a policy architect of Let's Move, a road map for federal, state and local governments, as well as the private sector, to engage individuals and communities. The audience, she said, includes parents, doctors, nurses, the food and beverage industry and workers who provide school lunches. We want to get back down to those 1970 levels, and we know that in doing that, we'll be able to solve a whole host of other health-related concerns, Barnes said. We spend about $150 billion annually on diseases that emanate out of obesity, like heart disease and diabetes. So, if we can catch this on the front end, then we can solve those problems and prevent them from occurring on the back end. Barnes, a native of Richmond, Va., has one of the West Wing's most expansive portfolios: She was a leader of a conference call for the press last week on the administration's response to the growing oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, and she's responsible for education and health care. She was chief counsel for the late Sen. Ted Kennedy (D-Mass.) on the Senate Judiciary Committee and was head of policy at the Center for American Progress before becoming senior domestic policy adviser to Obama's 2008 presidential campaign. In an interview with C-SPAN in 2007, Barnes said her first memory of political activism was selling cupcakes for the 1972 presidential campaign of George McGovern. Healthy cupcakes, she jokes now. We're not trying to eliminate and eradicate cupcakes and cookies from people's lives. Everyone enjoys that, or most people do I know that I do. This is an issue of balance, and we want to make sure that people are active, that children are active, that they're eating fresh foods, fresh fruits and vegetables, so that they are conscious of leading healthy lives, and they are, indeed, leading healthy lives. A cupcake every once in a while is actually probably a nice thing. Barnes said she stays fit, in part, by running up and down the steps of the West Wing and by practicing yoga. I go to the gym, she added. I try to walk home when I can. All those things are really important building them into my life in a natural way but also trying to find the time to do it. Missing out on the latest scoops? Sign up for POLITICO Playbook and get the latest news, every morning in your inbox. By Susan B. Glasser By Robert Everett Johnson By Bill Scher By David Wade 2017 POLITICO LLC | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
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= April 29 = Reference_desk/Archives/Mathematics/2022 April 29
* 1) Join vs Coarsest common refinement
= April 30 = Reference_desk/Archives/Mathematics/2022 April 30
* 1) Identify this polyhedron | WIKI |
Talk:International Journal of Transpersonal Studies
WP:RS?
This discussion on WP:RSN seems to suggest that Lulu is not a WP:RS publisher... History2007 (talk) 14:22, 16 March 2012 (UTC)
* Lulu.com clearly mentions in its website that they are self-publishing company, Lulu published books fall under WP:SELFPUB. -- Supernova Explosion Talk 15:01, 16 March 2012 (UTC)
* Do I then take it that the term "peer reviewed" does not apply in the body of this article? Can a peer be your cousin in LuLu terms? History2007 (talk) 15:06, 16 March 2012 (UTC)
* But the International Journal of Transpersonal Studies is published online. Lulu publishes on demand prints only. The publisher of the journal is not Lulu, but International Transpersonal Association. Now whether ITA is a reliable scholarly organization is a matter of debate. But the reliability of this journal has nothing to do with Lulu. -- Supernova Explosion Talk 15:09, 16 March 2012 (UTC)
* So how do we determine if this journal is WP:RS? History2007 (talk) 15:12, 16 March 2012 (UTC)
* The journal is included in many major databases that are selective in what they cover (see here). That means to me that this is an RS. That they use Lulu for people who want to have a printed copy (which they don't normally produce themselves) is therefore immaterial, I think. --Guillaume2303 (talk) 15:30, 16 March 2012 (UTC)
* It's reliability depends on what you want to do with it. If you want to make medical claims for example, then it would seem it would fail to pass WP:MEDRS. The Transpersonal Psychology article mentions that Transpersonal Studies may include a number of unscientific approaches. IRWolfie- (talk) 16:48, 16 March 2012 (UTC)
* Anything associated with spirituality is bound to include unscientific views. -- Supernova Explosion Talk 16:49, 16 March 2012 (UTC)
* I think therefore that we can only use the journal to say the views of those who undertake Transpersonal Studies, nothing more. IRWolfie- (talk) 16:51, 16 March 2012 (UTC)
* Another thing to bear in mind that is if Lulu is vanity press then it puts severe doubts on the reliability of the journal. IRWolfie- (talk) 17:09, 16 March 2012 (UTC)
* No, it doesn't. Lulu is a print on demand publisher. When people use their services to "publish" their completely forgettable debut novel, we call this a "vanity press". But other uses, such as what this journal does, seem perfectly legitimate to me. --Guillaume2303 (talk) 17:21, 16 March 2012 (UTC)
If it does not pass WP:MEDRS, then the types of articles it can be used in may be limited in any case. Are the "peers" generally MDs or the types who hang around Sedona and think about "Harmonic Convergence"? History2007 (talk) 21:22, 16 March 2012 (UTC)
* No idea. All I'm saying is that the Lulu connection does not necessarily mean that it's not an RS... --Guillaume2303 (talk) 08:47, 17 March 2012 (UTC)
* Ok, the long and short of it seems to be that it is not WP:MEDRS and its being WP:RS is up in the air. History2007 (talk) 09:19, 17 March 2012 (UTC)
* Well, there still is the fact that it is included in reputable databases that don't usually include fringe journals. --Guillaume2303 (talk) 09:59, 17 March 2012 (UTC)
* Is database inclusion a criterion for being declared WP:RS? History2007 (talk) 10:04, 17 March 2012 (UTC)
* It certainly is part of it. It may be good to ask the advice of User:DGG, who is a specialist in this kind of things. --Guillaume2303 (talk) 10:35, 17 March 2012 (UTC)
* Ok, I asked DGG for advice. History2007 (talk) 12:54, 17 March 2012 (UTC)
The concept of a self-publishing publisher makes no sense. Since it is a journal with an editorial board, the reliability of an article published by the journal depends on the qualifications of the author and the diligence and standards of the editorial process. It has nothing to do with the publisher. Zerotalk 04:27, 18 March 2012 (UTC)
* That is true to some extent. But still in the academic world that type of association does not get brownie points. I did take a look at the board members of the Transpersonal society now. I did not even know what the field was about. And they are all so... let us say groovy. I wonder if the headquarters is decorated in hippie colors... or if they have out of body experiences during board meetings... But many of them have teaching posts in psychology departments, so from that angle they look respectable. So my own feeling is that it is WP:RS when applied to esoteric psychology, but not medical science, etc. as IRWolfie stated. History2007 (talk) 13:34, 18 March 2012 (UTC)
* I have the same impression and would not personally take most of these papers seriously in my own work. However, my personal view has no value from Wikipedia's perspective. The fact that many of the editors and authors are academics at respectable universities means that the journal passes WP:RS. I wouldn't complain if all-too-cute things were attributed like "According to ...", though. Zerotalk 14:05, 18 March 2012 (UTC)
* Anyway, I will stop watching this page now. History2007 (talk) 14:34, 18 March 2012 (UTC) | WIKI |
Kilburn Park tube station
Kilburn Park is a London Underground station at Kilburn in the London Borough of Brent. The station is on the Bakerloo line, between Queen's Park and Maida Vale stations, and is in Travelcard Zone 2.
The station is situated on Cambridge Avenue approximately 100 m west of Kilburn High Road, shortly before it becomes Maida Vale, (A5). It is Grade II listed.
History
Kilburn Park was opened on 31 January 1915 as the temporary terminus of the Bakerloo line's extension from Paddington station towards Queen's Park. Services were extended to Queen's Park on 11 February 1915. At the extension's opening, Maida Vale station was not complete and the previous station was Warwick Avenue until 6 June 1915. The station building was designed by Stanley Heaps in a modified version of the earlier Leslie Green designed Bakerloo line stations with glazed terra cotta façades but without the large semi-circular windows at first floor level. It was one of the first London Underground stations built specifically to use escalators rather than lifts.
It opened a short distance south of Kilburn High Road station which had previously handled much of the commuter traffic of the area, providing a quicker connection to the West End.
Transport links
Bus routes 31, 32, 206, 316, 328, school route 632 and night routes N28 and N31 serve the station. Also, it is only a short walk from Kilburn High Road Station (London Overground). | WIKI |
Rechercher une page de manuel
Chercher une autre page de manuel:
gp2c-dbg
Langue: en
Version: 251600 (debian - 07/07/09)
Section: 1 (Commandes utilisateur)
NAME
GP2C-DBG - The GP to C debugger driver
DESCRIPTION
gp2c-dbg [gp2c options] [file.gp]
Compile file.gp with gp2c and launch a debugger session of gp where the functions of file.gp are loaded. [gp2c options] are passed to gp2c.
gp2c-dbg file.c
Compile file.c and launch a debugger session of gp where the functions of file.c are loaded. The file file.c must have suitable GP;install() lines.
USAGE
Since there is no debugger for the GP language, gp2c-dbg allows to debug GP scripts with the C debugger. To catch PARI errors, you can set a break point on the function "pari_err". Note that your functions will not be loaded until gp read the .run file.
FILES
file.gp.c The C output of gp2c.
file.gp.so
The GP loadable module.
file.gp.run
The commands to load the module. Once a module is compiled, you can load it inside a gp session by running this script.
ENVIRONMENT
GP2C
Path to the gp2c compiler, default: /usr/bin/gp2c
GP_DBG
Path to the gp calculator, default: /usr/bin/gp
GP2C_DBG
Command to start the debugger, default: "gdb --args"
COPYING
Copyright 2000-2006 The PARI Group
GP2C is free software, covered by the GNU General Public License, and you are welcome to change it and/or distribute copies of it under certain conditions. There is absolutely no warranty for GP2C.
SEE ALSO
The GP2C manual, gp2c-run(1), gp2c(1), gp(1), gdb(1)
Le nu : "Me montrer nu de dos ne me pose pas de probleme mais, de face,
c'est une autre histoire, je ne voudrais pas perdre tout mes fans."
-+- Jean-Claude VanDamme -+- | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Carl Jung was a psychologist who sought to explain much of human psychology through mythology and by noting humanity's use of a startlingly unified symbology, even across cultures. Jung referred to these common symbols as archetypes. He wrote a book, Man and his Symbols, to explain as much, and his work was heavily influential on Joseph Campbell, who examined similar topics.
Life of Carl Gustav Jung
Carl Gustav Jung was born on July 26, 1875. He had initially wanted to be an archaeologist, but his parents could not afford to send further than Basle, where he grew up, so he studied medicine at the University of Basle. Towards the end of his time there he got interested in psychiatry, and later worked with Eugen Bleuler at the Burgholzli in Zurich. He took an interest in psychoanalysis and corresponded with Sigmund Freud and he later worked with Freud, but he later fell out with Freud. Thereafter, he called his psychology "analytical psychology" to distinguish it from Freud's psychoanalysis. He published a book "Psychological Types" in which he distinguishes between two attitude types - introverts and extroverts - and four function types, the intuitive, sensate, thinking and feeling types. He died on June 6, 1961. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Bedale Hoard
The Bedale Hoard is a hoard of forty-eight silver and gold items dating from the late 9th to early 10th centuries AD and includes necklaces, arm-bands, a sword pommel, hacksilver and ingots. It was discovered on 22 May 2012 in a field near Bedale, North Yorkshire, by metal detectorists, and reported via the Portable Antiquities Scheme. Following a successful public funding campaign, the hoard was acquired by the Yorkshire Museum for £50,000.
Contents
The hoard contains 48 items of silver and gold and was declared "treasure" under the Treasure Act 1996. In addition to 29 silver ingots, the hoard contained an iron sword pommel inlaid with foil plaques, four gold hoops or bands from the hilt of the sword, six small gold rivets, four silver collars and neck-rings (one cut into two pieces), one silver arm, one fragment of a "Permian" ring, and one silver penannular brooch.
Sword fittings
The large, iron, sword pommel survived along with the guard, four gold hoops from the hilt and six gold rivets. The pommel is broadly triangular and is inlaid with plaques of gold foil decorated with incised animal interlace with nicked edges in the late Anglo-Saxon Trewhiddle style, which can be dated to the late 9th century. The form of the pommel is typical of Petersen's late 9th-century type L. Silver is far more usual as a decoration on sword pommels of this date and the extensive use of gold foil on the present find is unique.
Neck-rings
The largest neck collar from the hoard consists of four twisted cables of silver, each a different size, hammer-welded together into flat terminals. The outermost cable consists of six thick, plaited rods and the inner three "hollow" ropes each consists only of three coiled strands of double-twisted rods. Whilst the individual components of the collar can be paralleled, this "West Viking" variant is unique. International trade associated with this hoard is best demonstrated by the "Permian"-style ring fragment, a type imported from Russia during the early part of the Viking period. Two complete six-plait cable neck-rings are also present in the hoard, as is a triple-strand neck-ring cut into half and used as hacksilver.
Ingots
Twenty-nine ingots of silver (with a variety of minor alloys) were found with the hoard, many of which have testing-nicks. Three have crosses incised upon them. They range from 40 to 146 g in weight.
Significance
The hoard represents the scale of international connections in the Early Medieval period, with Russian and Irish influences among the Anglo-Saxon and Anglo-Scandinavian elements. The lack of coinage in this hoard shows the bullion-weight economy in use in the late 9th-century AD. It is earlier than both the Cuerdale Hoard and the Vale of York Hoard.
Public display
The hoard was first placed on permanent public display in the Yorkshire Museum in 2014. From 2017 it formed part of a touring exhibition titled 'Viking: Rediscover the Legend' and is displayed alongside the Vale of York hoard and the Cuerdale hoard, with the tour starting at the Yorkshire Museum and subsequently including Atkinson Art Gallery and Library in Southport, Aberdeen Art Gallery, Norwich Castle Museum, and the University of Nottingham. | WIKI |
Raids using mdadm
Raids using mdadm
23 Ubuntu 16.04 Linux Server Security
Translation made by DeepL Traduttore
Introduction
The RAID is a disk grouping system that allows you to read and write to disks in a specific way, thus offering you greater security and speed than ungrouped hard disks.
Installation
This tutorial is going to be developed in Linux, so, in order to continue, we have to install the tool we are going to use.
sudo apt-get install mdadm
List the discs
In order to create a RAID, we must first know the disks that our computer has, so, we have the following command.
fdisk -l
Once this has been done, we can then move on to setting it up.
Configure RAIDs
RAID 0 - Striping
This RAID distributes the data between the different disks, this means a higher write and read speed, but if a disk stops working, the information is lost.
Create the Raid
To create RAID 0, let's use the following command.
mdadm --create /dev/md/raid0 --level=0 --raid-device=2 /dev/sdb /dev/sdc
Using this, we create a RAID 0 in the folder /dev/md/raid0 using the disks /dev/sdb and /dev/sdc
To see if it has been created correctly and to be able to locate it, we have two options.
cat /proc/mdstat
mdadm -D /dev/md/raid0
Using the command of the first option, we get the name of the RAID, so now we can use it to identify it and see more information.
mdadm -D /dev/md127
Create a partition
To create a partition, we must know the name of the RAID to use it next
fdisk /dev/md127
After executing this, we have to enter some specific values.
> n
> p
>
>
> w
Now we can see the changes we have made to create the partition.
fdisk -l
Format the partition
Now we are going to format the partition we have created previously, when creating the partition you will have assigned a different name to the RAID partition, so, we need to know to use it next.
mkfs -t ntfs /dev/md127p1
Mount the partition
We are going to mount the partition to be able to access it, therefore, we create the folder where we want to mount it.
mkdir /media/raid0
mount /dev/md127p1 /media/raid0
Delete the RAID
If we want to delete the RAID, first we have to stop it in order to delete it, then we delete all the information from the disks so that the grouping disappears.
mdadm --stop /dev/md127
mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/sdb /dev/sdc
RAID 1 - Mirror
This RAID duplicates the data between the different disks, this means more security, but the speed of writing and reading does not improve.
Crear el RAID
mdadm --create /dev/md/raid1 --level=1 --raid-devices=2 /dev/sdb /dev/sdd
Using this, we created a RAID 1 in the mask /dev/md/raid1 using the disks /dev/sdb and /dev/sdd
mdadm -D /dev/md/raid1
Cause a disk failure
Let's test the RAID for performance by causing a disk failure
mdadm /dev/md127 -f /dev/sdb
mdadm -D /dev/md/raid1
Add a disc
We are now going to add a disk to the RAID to be restored from the failure we caused
mdadm /dev/md127 --add /dev/sdf
mdadm -D /dev/md/raid1
Raid 5 - Striping and Parity
This RAID distributes the data between the different disks adding parity, this means a higher read and write speed, and allows up to 1 disk to fail.
Create the RAID
mdadm --create /dev/md/raid5 --level=5 --raid-devices=3 /dev/sdb /dev/sdd /dev/sde
Using this, we create a RAID 5 in the folder /dev/md/raid5 using the disks /dev/sdb, /dev/sdd and /dev/sde
mdadm -D /dev/md/raid5
RAID 5 from 3 RAID 0
We created the three RAIDs 0
mdadm --create /dev/md/raid1 --level=0 --raid-devices=2 /dev/sdb /dev/sdc
mdadm --create /dev/md/raid2 --level=0 --raid-devices=2 /dev/sdd /dev/sde
mdadm --create /dev/md/raid3 --level=0 --raid-devices=2 /dev/sdf /dev/sdg
Later we create the RAID 5 using the 3 Raids 0 previously created.
mdadm --create /dev/md/raid5 --level=5 --raid-devices=3 /dev/md/raid1 /dev/md/raid2 /dev/md/raid3
mdadm -D /dev/md/raid5
| ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Wikipedia:Today's featured article/June 25, 2011
Coenred was king of Mercia from 704 to 709. He was a son of the Mercian king Wulfhere, whose brother Æthelred succeeded to the throne in 675 on Wulfhere's death. In 704 Æthelred abdicated in favour of Coenred to become a monk. Coenred's reign is poorly documented, but a contemporary source records that he faced attacks from the Welsh. The same threat may later have led Æthelbald to build Wat's Dyke, a defensive earthwork on the northern Welsh frontier. Coenred is not known to have married or had children, although later chronicles describe him as an ancestor of Wigstan, a 9th-century Mercian king. In 709 Coenred abdicated and went on pilgrimage to Rome, where he later died. Æthelred's son Ceolred succeeded Coenred as king of Mercia. (more...)
Recently featured: Peregrine Falcon – Holy Thorn Reliquary – Cerro Azul | WIKI |
Tag Archive: wellness
Glyconutrients and Athletes
Nutrition is paramount for athletes seeking to achieve maximal performance and rapid post-exercise recovery. For elite athletes dietary factors can often translate into those milliseconds that separate winning from losing. Glyconutrition can support athletes in increasing performance, reducing pain, and reducing recovery time.
Optimised cellular function through glyconutrients supplementation results in enhanced performance. Roy Kurban, a karate black belt and Black Belt Magazine’s previous Man of the Year had tried many new nutritional supplements before he started taking glyconutrients in 1996. He found that glyconutrients worked where others didn’t.
A study involving NFL athletes found that those taking glyconutrients experienced less pain, had an improved range of motion in their joints and experienced an overall improvement in their quality of life.
One of the major drawbacks of the intensive training regimes undertaken by elite athletes is the diminished immune system function, resulting in increased risk of infection, prolonged recovery time and decreased tissue repair mechanisms. Glyconutrients boost immune system functioning and support the natural functions of our body to heal, repair, regenerate, regulate and protect itself.; Antioxidants can help protect your cells from free radicals which are released during exercise.
It’s well known that excessive exercise diminishes immune-system function. This increases the risk of infection, prolongs recovery time and decreases tissue-repair mechanisms. Glyconutrients have been shown to enhance immune function. Both the U.S. and Canadian Olympic teams officially endorse glyconutrient products for their athletes.
Glycoproteins make up more than 85% of the molecules in our cells. If glycosylation is not adequate, due to deficiency in glyconutrients, then crucial cells and their components – such as enzymes, antibodies, collagen, muscle fibres, hormones – are not created in sufficient quantities and as a result health and performance can be dramatically reduced.
Glyconutrients are non-toxic at even high amounts, and there is no possibility of long-term damage or drug interactions.
You can check out some of the athletes who use these Glyconutrients. They are part of Team Mannatech. Click here.
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Phytonutrients are nutrients derived from plant material that have been shown to be necessary for sustaining human life. Phytochemicals are non-nutritive plant chemicals that contain protective, disease-preventing, compounds. Their role in plants is to protect plants from disease, injuries, insects, drought, excessive heat, ultraviolet rays, and poisons or pollutants in the air or soil. They form part of the plants immune system.
Although phytochemicals are not yet classified as nutrients, substances necessary for sustaining life, they have been identified as containing properties for aiding in disease prevention. Phytochemicals are associated with the prevention and/or treatment of at least four of the leading causes of death in Western countries – cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension. They are involved in many processes including ones that help prevent cell damage, prevent cancer cell replication, and decrease cholesterol levels.
One of the most important groups of phytochemicals are the phytosterols or phytohormones as they are sometimes known. These are plant based sterols that act as precursors to human sterols. They act to modulate the human endocrine system. One of the most important human sterols is Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). This hormone is produced in our adrenal glands and serves a variety of functions. It is often called the ‘mother’ hormone as it has the ability to convert itself into other hormones such as oestrogen, testosterone, progesterone, and corticosterone, on demand. Thus it is a precursor to all other hormones and active metabolites. Precursors are substances the body uses to produce other substances.
Scientific research reveals that adequate DHEA in the body can slow the aging process, and prevent, improve, and even often reverse conditions such as cancer, heart disease, memory loss, obesity, and osteoporosis. DHEA blood levels peak between ages 20 to 25 years and then decline with age in both men and women.
DHEA is the precursor of stress hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline. That is, our body makes cortisol and adrenaline from DHEA. When our body makes these hormones, DHEA levels decline. With our stressful lives it is no wonder that most people have deficient levels of DHEA and the medical conditions, and degenerative diseases listed above.
Dioscorea, found in the Mexican yam, contains a biochemical storehouse of valuable phytochemicals for use as hormone precursors. The molecular structure is almost identical to the body’s natural hormone precursors.
Who needs glyconutrients?
Whether we are suffering from a Glyconutrients and Specific Medical Conditionsor not, our bodies need glyconutrients to function.
From the Scientific Validation for Glyconutrients scientific research evidence it is clear that if our body is suffering from an auto-immune disorder or degenerative condition it can benefit from glyconutrients, notably the eight essential glyconutrients. These glyconutrients help our body to exercise its incredible ability to heal, repair, regenerate, regulate and protect itself just by giving it the raw materials it is already pre-programmed to use.
And the evidence is also clear that by the same processes, the eight necessary glyconutrients are essential to maintaining a healthy body in optimal wellness. If we were getting the essential glyconutrients in our diet in sufficient quantities, we would not need supplementation, but unfortunately current agricultural practices leave our foods with few of the eight essentials.
The bottom line is: If we are alive and have cells, we need the eight essential glyconutrients.
The most important discovery for your immune system in the last 100 years is something called glyconutrients. Science and medicine have long tried to understand the code by which the cells in the body communicate with one another in order for its complex functions to occur. For example, how does your digestive system know which food components to absorb into the blood stream and which to ignore? Or which cells to attack and destroy and which to protect and nurture? That code has now been broken. This role is undertaken by glyconutrients. Researchers proclaim it to be the most important discovery in the history of medicine ..the key to a long, healthy life.
What are glyconutrients? Glyconutrients are plant carbohydrates (monosaccharides). There are over 200 carbohydrates or sugars but only 8 are essential to bodily function. These are:
• xylose
• fucose
• galactose
• glucose
• mannose
• N-acetylglucosamine
• N-acetylgalactosamine
• N-acetylneuraminic acid (a sialic acid).These 8 essential glyconutrients combine with other molecules eg proteins and lipids, to form glycoforms or glycoconjugates which coat cell surfaces. When they combine with protein molecules, they form glycoproteins that coat the surface of every cell with a nucleus in the human body. When glyconutrients bind with lipids (fats) they form glycolipids which also adhere to the cell surface.Glyconutrients are the key to effective cellular communication and proper cell function. This has been established by the world’s leading scientists and researchers.
Glyconutrients are not vitamins, minerals, amino acids or enzymes, but are in a class of their own as nutritional supplements derived from plants. Glyconutritional supplements are formulated based on new understanding in the biochemistry of how the human body maintains health at the cellular level. Healthy cells lead to healthy tissue – healthy tissue leads to healthy organs – and healthy organs lead to healthy bodies.
Every cell in our body – all 600 trillion of them – needs glyconutrients.
Despite the relatively recent discovery of glyconutrients and their functions, medical doctors and the general public are becoming increasingly aware of their importance in treating underlying causes of disease and in maintaining good health. As good as allopathic medicine is, it simply has NO answer to the increasing incidence of auto-immune diseases, cancers and degenerative diseases in Western societies. Glyconutrients will soon become a part of standard care by medical practitioners for all auto-immune diseases, cancers, and degenerative diseases. A glyconutritional approach gets at the root cause rather than treating only the symptoms. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Air Force revs up massive migration to cloud technologies
One of two U.S. Air Force B-1B Lancer aircraft is refueled during a mission to fly in the vicinity of Kyushu, Japan, the East China Sea, and the Korean peninsula June 20, 2017. North Korea is setting its sites on Guam because it has two key military bases the U.S. uses to conduct exercises in Southeast Asia
(U.S. Air Force/Airman 1st Class Gerald R. Willis/Handout via REUTERS) The Air Force is working with the Department of Defense and industry to accelerate widespread migration to cloud technology to enable faster decision-making, AI implementation, rapid data organization and improved IT security, Pentagon leaders said. The multi-faceted cloud initiative includes data consolidation, reducing the hardware footprint, cyber “hardening” weapons systems and efforts to connect satellite ground terminals more seamlessly with one another; the key concept, of course, is to increase access to otherwise disparate pools of information, share data quickly and give combat commanders more options on a faster time frame. “The Under Secretary of the Air Force and Vice Chief of Staff directed key Air Force organizations and stakeholders to begin the transition of applications from legacy IT infrastructure to cloud environments,” Air Force spokeswoman Capt. Hope Cronin told Warrior Maven. Pentagon cloud developers say automation and increased applications of AI are making a difference when it comes to improving cloud-network security. DOD efforts emphasize the often discussed two-fold cloud strategy which seeks to maximize both decentralized nodes and centralized servers and data access. Having awarded a $1 Billion deal last year to Dell EMC, Microsoft and General Dynamics for massive cloud migration services, the Air Force is revving up cloud technology across a range of service networks and data systems. Called Cloud Hosted Enterprise Services by the Air Force, the deal is now quickly progressing into the integration phase. The services enable data consolidation, collaboration software, email and document management, among other things. These initiatives also heavily emphasize the use of established commercial technologies such as Microsoft Office 365 and cloud service offerings such as Amazon Web Services and Oracle, among others, a General Dynamics statement said. There are a variety of respects in which cloud migration, fortified by AI, changes the paradigm for cybersecurity and data access. In one sense, cloud-based systems can potentially increase vulnerability by virtue of allowing intruders to more broadly access large data systems through fewer points of entry, should an attack be met with initial success. Yet at the same time, cloud-enabled virtualization can network many security-oriented software applications and other measures able to much more quickly detect anomalies, defend broad networks and counter intrusions. By leveraging cloud technology, this kind of software can simultaneously protect multiple nodes in a more ubiquitous, far-reaching manner. Cloud technology can also expedite helpful kinds of computer automation by offering much wider reach, among other things. For instance, Air Force developers are using advanced computer automation to replicate human behavior online – for the specific purpose of luring and tracking potential intruders. Algorithms can create online activity which resembles that of an individual user, leading intruders to think they are tracking a person when, in fact, they themselves are being tracked. Also, AI can be used to perform real-time analytics on incoming traffic potentially containing malware, viruses or any kind of attempted intrusion. If the source, characteristics or discernable pattern of a cyberattack are identified quickly, cyber defenders are better positioned to respond. The cloud offers an opportunity to concurrently perform these functions across vast numbers of interconnected “nodes.” Also, an often-discussed phenomenon seems to inform the Pentagon’s push for faster cloud migration, namely that multi-year government developmental programs are, in many instances, generating technical systems which are potentially obsolete by the time they are completed. “I am directing aggressive steps to establish a culture of experimentation, adaptation and risk-taking,” Deputy Defense Secretary Patrick Shanahan wrote in a memo last year upon launching a new multi-service cloud initiative. Commercial innovation, therefore, coupled with an open architecture framework, is intended to allow faster, wide-sweeping upgrades more consistent with the most current and impactful innovations. “DOD is using a tailored acquisition process to acquire a modern enterprise cloud services solution that can support Unclassified, Secret, and Top Secret requirements. Known as the Joint Enterprise Defense Infrastructure (JEDI) Cloud, the planned contracting action will be a full and open competition,” a Pentagon statement said. Pentagon leaders of the JEDI program explain that cloud security will be approached in a measured way so as to ensure maximum data protections. They envision being able to generate secure secret networks in 6 months - and Top Secret cloud-based networks in 9 months. Cloud Hardens Satellite Coms By facilitating improved satellite ground terminal interoperability and network data sharing, cloud-based systems can also speed up SATCOM connectivity and allow command and control technology to expedite directives to satellites, industry developers have explained. CACI is among a handful of industry developers, to include Hughes and Viasat, who are currently exploring emerging technologies as a way to further protect and harden SATCOM connections and command and control. CACI uses a specific kind of new cloud-based battle management software engineered to integrate fast-emerging data from a wide range of “nodes” on a network. “If there is a scenario in which there is a cyberattack that is ground based or space based which degrades assets, ultimately what happens is a sequence of decisions. Am I willing to take some risk?” Ryan Fairchild, Vice President and Division Manager, Space Operations, CACI, told Warrior Maven in an interview earlier this year. For instance, Fairchild said emerging cloud systems could allow a combatant commander to quickly make an informed decision about whether to utilize a laser weapon or EW system. Viasat has developed an Ethernet encryptor designed to improve security for cloud computing. “Viasat KG-142 is a 100 Gbps Type 1 Ethernet encryptor delivering speeds ten-time faster than existing solutions. With the new encryptor, government users can better meet the bandwidth need for cloud-computing and real-time data transport across the battlespace,” a Viasat statement said. Viasat developers describe the KG-142 as a high-speed, low-latency encryptor with integrated security standards and software upgradeable designs aimed at minimize the need for hardware changes. More Weapons and Technology - WARRIOR MAVEN (CLICK HERE )-- | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Sana Daoudi
Sana Daoudi (سناء الداودي; born 12 March 1998) is a footballer who plays as a midfielder for Première Ligue club Guingamp. Born in France, she has represented her country of birth and Morocco at youth and senior levels, respectively.
Early life
Daoudi is a native of Paris, France, and started playing football at French side Aulnay FC. She was regarded as a French international football prospect.
Club career
Daoudi started her career with French side PSG. While playing for the club, she suffered injuries and received interest and offers from English sides. In 2017, she signed for Spanish side Atlético Madrid, helping the club win the league. After that, she signed for French side Guingamp.
International career
Daoudi represented France internationally at youth level. She helped the youth national team reach the semi-finals of the 2018 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup. In 2022, Daoudi received her first call-up to represent the Morocco women's national football team internationally.
Style of play
Daoudi mainly operates as a midfielder and is known for her tenaciousness. She is also known for her ability to mark opposing players. | WIKI |
Amber Slagle
Amber Slagle (born July 7, 1996) is an American professional stock car racing driver, crew chief, and engineer. She competes part-time in the ARCA Menards Series and ARCA Menards Series East, driving the No. 24 Chevrolet SS for McGowan Motorsports, and part-time in the ARCA Menards Series West, driving the No. 17 Chevrolet SS for the same team.
Early career
Slagle began racing at seven years old after her father bought her a quarter midget. She won the Dixie Motor Speedway Female Driver of the Year award three times, from 2007 to 2009, where she also won Rookie of the Year in 2007. She won the Owosso Speedway track championship in 2011, while also winning the "Got Game" award.
She moved up to the Champion Racing Association in 2014, posting her best finish of 14th at Salem Speedway that year, and would get that same finish the following year at Springport Mid-Michigan Speedway. Slagle would put her racing career on hold in 2016 after the money for the tour became more expensive.
She made her return in 2017, starting 20th and finishing 16th at Owosso Speedway.
Amber moved south in 2018, questioning if she would ever race in a late model again. She got the opportunity with Cook-Finley Racing, and would drive part-time late model races in the Southeast Limited Late Model Series, and would drive in the NASCAR Advance Auto Parts Weekly Series from 2019 to 2020.
Crew chief
In 2021, Slagle became the crew chief for Cook-Finley Racing and Parker Retzlaff in the ARCA Menards Series East. They've earned 1 top 5, and 4 top 10s that season.
ARCA Menards Series West
On June 7, 2021, Slagle announced that she will make her ARCA Menards Series West debut with Steve McGowen Motorsports at Irwindale Speedway. She started 4th and would finish 14th. She made two more starts that year, posting her first career top 10 at the All American Speedway.
ARCA Menards Series
(key) ( Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led. )
ARCA Menards Series West
(key) ( Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led. )
Personal life
Slagle currently resides in Sylvan Lake, Michigan, and is currently a mechanic for Cook-Finley Racing. | WIKI |
Russian lawmakers told to rally behind Putin's move to extend rule
MOSCOW (Reuters) - Russia’s parliamentary head told lawmakers on Thursday to rally behind Vladimir Putin against what he said was a foreign campaign to discredit constitutional reforms that could allow the president to stay in power until 2036. Putin, who has been in power as president or prime minister since the turn of the century, would be cleared to run for president in 2024 under the proposed changes, overturning a constitutional ban which prevents him from doing so. The changes must still be reviewed by the constitutional court and put to a public vote before they become law. The 67-year-old president’s critics say he is brazenly engineering a way to stay as president for life, an allegation rejected by the Kremlin. Some Russian opponents of the change have mocked Valentina Tereshkova, the lawmaker who proposed it, on social media. Vyacheslav Volodin, the lower house’s speaker, told parliament that Tereshkova was being subjected to a campaign from abroad that was tantamount to an attack on Russia. “We must ... be decent, be patriots, be aware that the attacks against Tereshkova are attacks on our country,” Volodin told parliament. “Today with all the challenges and threats in the world, it’s not oil and gas that give us our edge. As you can see, oil and gas prices can fall. It’s Putin who gives us our edge and we must protect him,” Volodin added. Tereshkova’s amendment is now part of an array of constitutional reforms announced by Putin in January that were approved by the lower and upper houses of parliament and regional parliaments this week. Putin is required to vacate the Kremlin when his second sequential presidential term and fourth overall, ends in 2024. The amendment would reset this tally, allowing him to run two more times. Open Russia, a group financed by former oil tycoon and Kremlin critic Mikhail Khodorkovsky, said seven activists had been detained in St Petersburg while protesting against the constitutional changes outside the local legislative assembly. Andrey Pivovarov, an opposition activist, said that the state communications regulator, Roskomnadzor, had also blocked an opposition website campaigning against the constitutional amendments under the slogan “Nyet!” Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov told reporters that Putin had not yet said whether he would run again in 2024 and would decide closer to the time. Putin’s decision to acquiesce with the amendment was motivated by a turbulence in global affairs, including the outbreak of coronavirus, regional conflicts and the unpredictable and unacceptable behavior of some other countries, Peskov said. Reporting by Tom Balmforth and Andrew Osborn; Editing by Alexander Smith | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
/*- * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause-FreeBSD * * Copyright (C) 2018 The FreeBSD Foundation. * * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions * are met: * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. * * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF * SUCH DAMAGE. */ #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include static const size_t bufsize = 65536; /* SDM vol 3 9.11.1 Intel microcode header. */ struct microcode_update_header { uint32_t header_version; uint32_t update_revision; uint32_t date; /* BCD mmddyyyy */ uint32_t processor_signature; uint32_t checksum; /* Over update data and header */ uint32_t loader_revision; uint32_t processor_flags; uint32_t data_size; uint32_t total_size; uint32_t reserved[3]; }; /* * SDM vol 2A CPUID EAX = 01h Returns Model, Family, Stepping Information. * Caller must free the returned string. */ static char * format_signature(uint32_t signature) { char *buf; unsigned family, model, stepping; family = (signature & 0xf00) >> 8; model = (signature & 0xf0) >> 4; stepping = signature & 0xf; if (family == 0x06 || family == 0x0f) model += (signature & 0xf0000) >> 12; if (family == 0x0f) family += (signature & 0xff00000) >> 20; asprintf(&buf, "%02x-%02x-%02x", family, model, stepping); if (buf == NULL) err(1, "asprintf"); return (buf); } static void dump_header(const struct microcode_update_header *hdr) { char *sig_str; int i; bool platformid_printed; sig_str = format_signature(hdr->processor_signature); printf("header version\t0x%x\n", hdr->header_version); printf("revision\t0x%x\n", hdr->update_revision); printf("date\t\t0x%x\t%04x-%02x-%02x\n", hdr->date, hdr->date & 0xffff, (hdr->date & 0xff000000) >> 24, (hdr->date & 0xff0000) >> 16); printf("signature\t0x%x\t\t%s\n", hdr->processor_signature, sig_str); printf("checksum\t0x%x\n", hdr->checksum); printf("loader revision\t0x%x\n", hdr->loader_revision); printf("processor flags\t0x%x", hdr->processor_flags); platformid_printed = false; for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) { if (hdr->processor_flags & 1 << i) { printf("%s%d", platformid_printed ? ", " : "\t\t", i); platformid_printed = true; } } printf("\n"); printf("datasize\t0x%x\t\t0x%x\n", hdr->data_size, hdr->data_size != 0 ? hdr->data_size : 2000); printf("size\t\t0x%x\t\t0x%x\n", hdr->total_size, hdr->total_size != 0 ? hdr->total_size : 2048); free(sig_str); } static void usage(void) { printf("ucode-split [-v] microcode_file\n"); exit(1); } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { struct microcode_update_header hdr; char *buf, *output_file, *sig_str; size_t len, resid; ssize_t rv; int c, ifd, ofd; bool vflag; vflag = false; while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "v")) != -1) { switch (c) { case 'v': vflag = true; break; default: usage(); } } argc -= optind; argv += optind; if (argc != 1) usage(); ifd = open(argv[0], O_RDONLY); if (ifd < 0) err(1, "open"); buf = malloc(bufsize); if (buf == NULL) err(1, "malloc"); for (;;) { /* Read header. */ rv = read(ifd, &hdr, sizeof(hdr)); if (rv < 0) { err(1, "read"); } else if (rv == 0) { break; } else if (rv < (ssize_t)sizeof(hdr)) { errx(1, "invalid microcode header"); } if (hdr.header_version != 1) errx(1, "invalid header version"); if (vflag) dump_header(&hdr); sig_str = format_signature(hdr.processor_signature); asprintf(&output_file, "%s.%02x", sig_str, hdr.processor_flags & 0xff); free(sig_str); if (output_file == NULL) err(1, "asprintf"); ofd = open(output_file, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0600); if (ofd < 0) err(1, "open"); /* Write header. */ rv = write(ofd, &hdr, sizeof(hdr)); if (rv < (ssize_t)sizeof(hdr)) err(1, "write"); /* Copy data. */ resid = (hdr.total_size != 0 ? hdr.total_size : 2048) - sizeof(hdr); if (resid > 1 << 24) /* Arbitrary chosen maximum size. */ errx(1, "header total_size too large"); while (resid > 0) { len = resid < bufsize ? resid : bufsize; rv = read(ifd, buf, len); if (rv < 0) err(1, "read"); else if (rv < (ssize_t)len) errx(1, "truncated microcode data"); if (write(ofd, buf, len) < (ssize_t)len) err(1, "write"); resid -= len; } if (vflag) printf("written to %s\n\n", output_file); close(ofd); free(output_file); } } | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Node:Miscellaneous, Next:, Previous:Event Handling, Up:Tk
Miscellaneous
There are a couple of other Tk commands that we ought to mention: destroy and update.
The destroy command is used to destroy a widget, i.e. remove it from the Tk interpreter entirely and so from the display. Any children that the widget may have are also destroy-ed. Anything connected to the destroyed widget, such as bindings, are also cleaned up automatically.
For example, to create a window containing a button that is destroyed when the button is pressed:
button .b -text "Die!" -command { destroy . }
pack .b
creates a button .b displaying the text Die!, which runs the command destroy . when it is pressed. Because the widget . is the main toplevel widget or window, running that command will kill the entire application associated with that button.
The command update is used to process any pending Tk events. An event is not just such things as moving the mouse but also updating the display for newly created and displayed widgets. This may be necessary in that usually Tk draws widgets only when it is idle. Using the update command forces Tk to stop and handle any outstanding events including updating the display to its actually current state, i.e. flushing out the pending display of any widgets. (This is analogous to the fflush command in C that flushes writes on a stream to disk. In Tk displaying of widgets is "buffered"; calling the update command flushes the buffer.) | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:DerekDrane
St Josephs senior high school is one of the best private school in Ghana.Founded by Mr Joseph Manu whose vision is to train and orient the next future academicians in the country.The school have trained well profiled personalities including politicians,doctors,nurses,lawyers and so on.As the school's motto depicts aspire and achieve its sole aim is to let students to aspire and achieve their goal and aspiration in life.Great joteco!!!!! Ahotefoc...... | WIKI |
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Citations 0
Clinical Problem Solving: Radiology
November 2005
Radiology Quiz Case 2: Diagnosis
Author Affiliations
R. NICKBRYANMDPATRICIA A.HUDGINSMD
Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2005;131(11):1028. doi:10.1001/archotol.131.11.1028
Primary tumors of the peripheral nervous system are either neuronal or nerve sheath in origin. Neuronal tumors usually arise from the adrenal medulla or sympathetic ganglia. Most nerve sheath tumors are schwannomas (neurilemomas) or neurofibromas.
Schwannomas are benign nerve sheath tumors that arise from the Schwann cells of the nerve sheath. Twenty-five percent to 48% of schwannomas occur in the head and neck region.1 The most common site in the neck is the parapharyngeal space. These tumors are usually solitary, slow growing, firm, encapsulated, and smooth surfaced. They commonly arise from sensory nerves. Neurofibromas are generally encapsulated and are softer in consistency than schwannomas. They represent a combined proliferation of all elements of a peripheral nerve, ie, axons, Schwann cells, fibroblasts, and perineural cells, although Schwann cells are the principal component. Most Schwann cells have markedly elongated nuclei and pointed ends and are immunoreactive to S100 protein. Schwannomas, unlike neurofibromas, often show Verocay bodies, pallisading of nuclei, and hyaline thickening of vessel walls. The terms Antoni type A neurilemoma (compact spindle cell pattern with nuclear pallisading) and Antoni type B neurilemoma (looser arrangement with pleomorphic spindle cells and foam cells) are used to describe varying growth patterns in schwannomas.
× | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Jeremy Tree
Arthur Jeremy Tree (21 December 1925 – 7 March 1993) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse trainer.
Background
Born into a prominent London family, Tree was always known by his middle name, Jeremy. His father was Ronald Tree, an American-born British journalist, investor and Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) for Harborough in Leicestershire. His mother, Nancy Lancaster, was a niece of the MP Nancy Astor, through whom young Jeremy would be introduced to the sport of Thoroughbred racing. Jeremy Tree was a paternal half-brother of the model Penelope Tree and full-brother of Michael Lambert Tree.
Racing career
Jeremy Tree embarked on a career in racing in 1947 after inheriting the bloodstock of his uncle, Peter Beatty, and initially worked as assistant to the trainer Richard Warden. He began training on his own at Newmarket Racecourse in 1952, then the following year relocated to stables at Beckhampton, Wiltshire. He won his first Classic in 1963 when Only for Life captured the 2,000 Guineas Stakes. He went on to win three more classics, taking The Oaks with Juliette Marny in 1975 and Scintillate in 1979, then a second 2,000 Guineas Stakes in 1980 with Known Fact. Among his other top runners, Jeremy Tree trained Rainbow Quest to wins in the 1985 Coronation Cup and the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe.
During his career, Jeremy Tree conditioned horses for prominent owners such as Charles W. Engelhard, Jr., Prince Khalid Abdullah and American John Hay Whitney.
Retirement
After 43 years in racing, Jeremy Tree retired in 1989 to his home in Beckhampton. During retirement he suffered ill-health and died in 1993 aged 67. | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The 27 Various
The result was delete. Users who suggested to not delete the articles are (reletively) new users. Also, 4 of the 5 other album articles have been deleted. If you have any questions, please contact me at my talk page. Ian Manka 02:08, 13 January 2007 (UTC)
The 27 Various and associated album articles
* — (View AfD)
Was nominated for deletion, for it was previously deleted but remade by the same user, as mentioned here by a different user. esanchez, Camp Lazlo fan! 08:01, 4 January 2007 (UTC)
* Note that it was speedy deleted before. I removed the speedy notice because I didn't feel it was speedyiable. Theresa Knott | Taste the Korn 08:22, 4 January 2007 (UTC)
* Also see Up (The 27 Various) which is currently reading like an advert. Theresa Knott | Taste the Korn 08:33, 4 January 2007 (UTC)
This band was a significant particpant in the Minneapolis music scene in the time period and should be listed. I will add information to the listing which will elaborate upon the previous information posted. This band is not currently active and I will remove the text referring to the reissuing of its albums, as I agree it reads as a commercial posting. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Jmy0987 (talk • contribs) 09:24, 4 January 2007
* This AfD nomination was incomplete. It is listed now. DumbBOT 15:27, 4 January 2007 (UTC)
* Delete and delete all five of their albums The article asserts little, if any, notability, and lists no reliable sources. "The 27 Various" only gets 186 total and 92 unique Google hits; many are unrelated to the band, and none are articles from well-known sources (or articles at all- every page is a trivial mention). None of the album articles contain any additional information aside from track listings and the knowledge that all of the albums are out of print- but you can buy some of them on burned CDs! -- Kicking222 16:31, 4 January 2007 (UTC)
* Delete unless articles on local bands who end up nowhere are somehow notable. Last I checked, they weren't. Second Talon 16:41, 4 January 2007 (UTC)
* ""Do Not Delete"" It is my understanding that Wikipedia is a centralized location for information rather than some sort of popularity contest. There naturally will be a relatively small number of web references to a band whose lifespan predated the widespread availability of the Internet and whose material has been unavailable for some time. Independent music in the time period was covered by independent print media (fanzines, etc.) that has largely not been archived on the Internet. To base the significance of a band solely on its contemporary web presence is a form of information Darwinism that will skew future discourse toward only the most commercially successful artists.
Contrary to assertions in previous posts, there are multiple non-trivial articles, reviews and other references about the band readily found on the Internet (Googling "27+various+ackerson" will yield more focused hits, since "27" and "various" alone are extremely common words):
http://www.trouserpress.com/entry.php?a=27_various http://www.littlehits.com/2005/04/song-of-day-april-10-2005.html http://www.scaruffi.com/vol5/polara.html http://www.hyped2death.com/allTeenline%20R2Z.htm
I believe this is a legitimate topic for inclusion in Wikipedia and I hope this post will help support this assertion. jmy0987
* Delete; I speedied it initially, because it was only comprised of the list of five or six albums with no other explanation or exposition. In this case, I would still consider it for deletion as it does not meet the standards set by WP:MUSIC --Mhking 22:28, 4 January 2007 (UTC)
* ""Do Not Delete""It is unfortunate that the lack of information online would cause deletion of an entry on a band who released 5 records on notable labels. Twin/Tone, for one, released records by Soul Asylum, The Replacements, Robyn Hitchcock and many others that are far above the mentioned "local" label. Additionally, band founder Ed Ackerson has gone on to release records on Interscope (last I checked not a local label) and is a notable producer who has worked on records by The Jayhawks among many others. The Trouser Press entry mentioned above should alone validate this entry. --Jackpine1000
* ""Do Not Delete"" (Disclaimer: I ran sound for this group and, as mentioned in the article, played bass for them briefly.) The *tone* of the article reads more like a promotional bio/history than a Wiki article; it could be edited to remove sentences such as "The band's Midwest audience had solidified, and the years of touring seemed to be finally paying off." This group meets item #s 4 and 5 in the "Criteria for musicians and ensembles" in WP:MUSIC and so I contend that the band article should stand. --Omnidrew 07:11, 10 January 2007 (UTC)
* Delete, and above posts reek of sockpuppetry. ~ Flameviper 22:08, 10 January 2007 (UTC)
* Comment. Can you please show which album is produced by a notable record label? John Vandenberg 07:31, 12 January 2007 (UTC)
| WIKI |
The Augsburg Chalk Circle
"The Augsburg Chalk Circle" (Der Augsburger Kreidekreis) is a short story written in 1940 by Bertolt Brecht. The story derives from The Chalk Circle, a 14th-century play by Li Xingdao, and can be seen as a "first draft" for Brecht's subsequent play, The Caucasian Chalk Circle.
Summary
The story is set during the Thirty Years War. Zingli, a Protestant of means, delays leaving his home in Augsburg until the Catholic forces are plundering the city. His wife spends too much time packing her clothes, and so is forced to flee emptyhanded, leaving the child behind. Their maid, Anna, a simple girl, rescues the child and flees to her brother's farm in the country.
To avoid humiliation as an unwed mother, Anna claims that she is waiting for her husband to return for her. Given the nature of the war, the ruse is plausible for a time, but eventually, to avoid suspicion and possible eviction, she feels compelled to produce a husband. She marries a man who is on his deathbed, expecting to be a widow soon; however, he recovers and she must live with him for a few years.
When the war ends, Frau Zingli returns to reclaim her son. Ignatz Dollinger, a wise judge, cannot determine who is the real mother, so enacts a version of the Judgment of Solomon. The child is placed inside a chalk circle with two ropes tied around him: one in the hands of each claimant. Anna is unwilling to risk harm to the child, so pulls only lightly, while Frau Zingli pulls with force that could have "ripped the child in two." Although Anna appears to have lost the contest, the wise judge rules that, having shown the greater love, Anna is the fit and rightful mother.
Differences from the original
While the essential form of the story and its resolution remain the same as in the original play, there are several important differences. Most obviously, the setting is changed from Imperial China to Germany, but the period chosen (the greatest civil war in the turbulent history of that country) has important consequences for the story.
Notably:
* The cause of the conflict is not personal (jealousy), but political (the division between Catholics and Protestants).
* The heroine must engage in a deception to preserve her status in the community.
* The nature of the heroine's claim on the child is changed from biological mother to de facto adoption.
* The just reason to deny the wife's claim is changed from lack of biological status to neglect: she loses control of the child because she is more concerned with her clothes than with her maternal duty.
* The Imperial intervention at the end of the story becomes unnecessary and out of place, and is therefore dropped. | WIKI |
i-nth logo
Authors
Thomas Schmitz, Birgit Hofer, Dietmar Jannach, & Franz Wotawa
Abstract
Large spreadsheets are often diffcult to understand and to test. Detecting the true cause of an observed wrong calculation outcome in a chain of calculations is even more challenging.
In this work, we propose a novel approach that automatically decomposes large spreadsheets into smaller units called fragments. This decomposition serves two purposes.
First, it allows us to apply fault localization procedures that can exploit such structural abstractions to find possible explanations for the wrong outcomes (called diagnoses). This results in a faster identification of the diagnoses.
Second, it makes the testing process better manageable for the users, as they can provide simpler test cases to reduce the number of possible explanations of the fault.
An empirical evaluation of our method shows that the required running times for computing the possible explanations can be measurably reduced when applying the proposed fragmentation approach and that fragment-based test cases help to significantly reduce the number of possible explanations.
Sample
Example of fragment-based diagnosis
Example of fragment-based diagnosis
This example spreadsheet computes the velocity and the distance covered by an object within three phases (acceleration, constant velocity, and deceleration).
The three formulas in row 5 are faulty. The spreadsheet creator has forgotten to divide the computed distance by two, which results in a triple fault comprising the cells B5, C5, and D5.
In fact, the developer only made one mistake, but by copying the formulas the number of actually faulty formulas was tripled.
Publication
2016, Software Technologies: Applications and Foundations, July, pages 372-387
Full article
Fragment-based diagnosis of spreadsheets | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
John James Erskine
John James Erskine (1771-1833) was a British colonial administrator who served as a member of the governing council of Prince of Wales Island (Penang), Malaysia (1810-1826) and worked for the East India Company.
Early life
John James Erskine was born in Muthill, Perthshire, Scotland, second son of Reverend William Erskine, Episcopalian Minister and Helen Drummond. He joined the East India Company in London as a merchant sailing on East Indiamen between Europe and Asia as Mate.
Career
At the age of 24 he was offered a job in the marine supplies section for the East India Company based on Prince of Wales Island. He arrived on 18 September 1805 with Philip Dundas, newly appointed governor and other members of the new Fourth Presidency of India, including Thomas Raffles, later founder of Singapore.
His first job was Assistant to the Superintendent and Storekeeper of Marine with an initial salary of 6,000 Spanish dollars plus 2% commission on sale of goods, and in 1811 he was appointed Warehouse Keeper.
In 1810 when governor Charles Andrew Bruce died in office there was a vacancy in the governing council and he was sworn in as Third Member in Council. Five years later he was promoted to Second Member in Council, second only to the governor. In 1819 he declined to vote in favour of governor John Alexander Bannerman's proposal to withhold support to Stamford Raffles when he requested assistance to secure Singapore for the British Crown, although Bannerman later changed his mind.
He retired on 26 July 1826 and married Isabella Boyd on 6 July 1830. He died in 1833 aged 62 and was buried in Muthill Church.
Legacy
Mount Erskine, the hilly area north-west of George Town, Penang, and the street leading to it bear his name. | WIKI |
Abstract Body
Presentation:
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) scale-up has dramatically reduced rates of pediatric HIV mortality and morbidity. Children living with perinatally acquired HIV (PHIV) are living through adolescence and well into adulthood, such that adolescents now represent the largest growing population living with HIV. This presentation aims to discuss the literature describing the prevalence of cardiometabolic complications and the research gaps that remain, as well as opportunities to optimize research and care. There are continued challenges in determining the risk of cardiometabolic co-morbidities in adolescents and young adults with PHIV, and their risk factors differ compared to adults with horizontally acquired HIV. Data suggest evidence for subclinical cardiometabolic complications in PHIV in the setting of newer ART and include: 1) Cardiovascular: evidence of functional cardiac abnormalities, subclinical vascular disease and endothelial dysfunction; 2) Metabolic: evidence of alterations in adipose tissues, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. In addition, previous exposure to thymidine analogues continue to cause increase risk of metabolic complications in this population. Novel techniques available techniques in imaging and omics may help identify early cardiometabolic abnormalities in this population as well as mechanistic pathways. Further studies are needed to understand the long term risk and management strategies in adolescents with PHIV to prevent complications to avoid diabetes and cardiovascular disease. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Shirley (1849 Volume 1).djvu/307
they had been blessed)—Shirley Keeldar was no ugly heiress: she was agreeable to the eye. Her height and shape were not unlike Miss Helstone's: perhaps in stature she might have the advantage by an inch or two; she was gracefully made, and her face, too, possessed a charm as well described by the word grace as any other. It was pale naturally, but intelligent, and of varied expression. She was not a blonde, like Caroline: clear and dark were the characteristics of her aspect as to colour: her face and brow were clear, her eyes of the darkest gray: no green lights in them,—transparent, pure, neutral gray; and her hair of the darkest brown. Her features were distinguished; by which I do not mean that they were high, bony, and Roman, being indeed rather small and slightly marked than otherwise, but only that they were, to use a few French words, "fins, gracieux, spirituels:" mobile they were and speaking; but their changes were not to be understood, nor their language interpreted all at once. She examined Caroline seriously, inclining her head a little to one side, with a thoughtful air.
"You see she is only a feeble chick," observed Mr. Helstone.
"She looks young—younger than I. How old | WIKI |
Talk:Flag of Wallis and Futuna
Untitled
It is not a Maltese cross but a cross patee. --Daniel C. Boyer 18:34, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
* Fixed it. AnonMoos 22:26, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
Is this not the flag solely of Uvea? Is there confirmation that it is accepted by the two Futunian Kingdoms as the Territorial Flag as I cannot see any differentiation...
Pacificbiblio (talk) 02:59, 10 August 2010 (UTC) | WIKI |
Bärbel Inhelder
Bärbel Elisabeth Inhelder (15 April 1913 – 17 February 1997) was a Swiss psychologist most known for her work under psychologist and epistemologist Jean Piaget and their contributions toward child development.
Born in St. Gallen, Switzerland, Inhelder initially showed interest in education. While attending high school she became interested in Sigmund Freud's writing and information on adolescents. She then moved to Geneva where she studied at the University of Geneva Institut Jean-Jacques Rousseau earning her bachelor's and doctoral degrees both in psychology. Inhelder continued her work at the University of Geneva up until her retirement. During her time at Geneva, she worked alongside Jean Piaget collaborating on experimental work targeted toward child development. Their collaboration began with her dissertation on children's conservation and continued for 50 years. Inhelder's work was significant in the discovery of the formal operational stage of child development occurring during the transition between childhood and adolescence. Inhelder and Piaget were joint on many publications of their research. Inhelder's contributions to developmental psychology resulted in her being elected as a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Bärbel Inhelder died in 1997 of natural causes and her work is still used in developmental psychology today.
Early years and education
Bärbel Inhelder grew up as an only child in Switzerland. Her Swedish-born father was a zoologist and her German-born mother was a writer. At a young age Inhelder was moved around in different private and public schools; her father spent time teaching her history, philosophy, nature, and geography. While attending primary school, Inhelder was exposed to the possibility of becoming a teacher. During middle and high school, Inhelder attended classes devoted to Latin, science, mathematics, and art. When Inhelder was accepted into the University of Geneva, she began studying the history of science, neurology, evolutionary theory, as well as Gestalt psychology. Inhelder also began studying under Jean Piaget and by 1943 while at the University of Geneva where she was later awarded her doctorate degree.
Contributions
While working with Piaget, Inhelder carried out an experiment on children’s perceptions of quantity conservation which led to her first publication. This started her career as a female psychologist under Piaget where she was able to publish her work done thus far. During Inhelder's work with Piaget, collaboratively they published many joint publications including: The Growth of Logical Thinking from Childhood to Adolescence (1958), The Psychology of the Child (1966), and the Child's Conception of Space (1967). Their work together influenced Inhelder's discovery of the "formal operations" stage of development occurring during the transition between childhood and adolescence. Her discovery of this stage as well as her deductive reasoning and ability to think hypothetically resulted her in being elected for a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1976. Much of her work was foreshadowed due to her work with Piaget. As her career advanced during a visiting appointment at Harvard University in (1961-1962), Inhelder was able to break away from the logical-structural approach of Piaget and focus on applying the functional approach to genetic epistemology.
Later life and death
As a well-known scientist working under Piaget, Inhelder kept her personal life out of the public eye. According to recent biography about Inhelder's life, there is no information stating she was ever married or had children. Inhelder died in 1997 at the age of 83 due to natural causes. In her legacy, she left behind fourteen published books, multiple articles and book chapters, as well as numerous generations of students that she influenced through teaching during her lifespan. | WIKI |
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Title: Study of the Impact of Uterine Artery Embolization (UAE) on Endometrial Microvessel Density (MVD) and Angiogenesis
PurposeTo investigate the influence of uterine artery embolization (UAE) on endometrial microvessel density (MVD) and angiogenesis.MethodsSixty female guinea pigs were divided into two groups, the control group (n = 15) and the UAE treatment group (n = 45). In the UAE group, tris-acryl gelatin microspheres were used to generate embolization. Animals were further divided into three subgroups, A1, A2, and A3 (n = 15 for each subgroup), with uterine specimens collected at 7-15, 16-30, and 31-45 days after UAE, respectively. Immunostaining for factor VIII and CD105 was performed to identify total endometrial MVD (MVD{sub FVIII}) and CD105-positive angiogenesis (MVD{sub CD105}) at the indicated time points after UAE.ResultsQuantitative analysis revealed that MVD{sub FVIII} significantly decreased in the A1 (11.40 {+-} 2.76, p < 0.05) and A2 (15.37 {+-} 3.06, p < 0.05) groups compared to the control group (19.40 {+-} 2.50), and was restored to normal in the A3 group (18.77 {+-} 2.69). UAE caused a temporal up-regulation of MVD{sub CD105}-positive angiogenesis in the A1 group (9.33 {+-} 2.37, p < 0.05) and the A2 group (11.63 {+-} 1.56, p < 0.05) compared to the control group (7.12 {+-} 1.67), and the MVD{sub CD105} value returned to normal in the A3more » group (8.07 {+-} 1.97).ConclusionUAE caused a temporal decrease in endometrial MVD that reversed over time as a result of the increase of CD105-positive angiogenesis. Although the UAE-induced reduction of endometrial MVD was reversible, its long-term effect on endometrial receptivity still needs further study.« less
Authors:
; ; ; ; ; [1]
1. The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Department of Interventional Radiology (China)
Publication Date:
OSTI Identifier:
22121719
Resource Type:
Journal Article
Resource Relation:
Journal Name: Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology; Journal Volume: 36; Journal Issue: 4; Other Information: Copyright (c) 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York and the Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe (CIRSE); Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE; ANGIOGENESIS; ARTERIES; COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONS; FEMALES; GELATIN; GUINEA PIGS; MICROSPHERES; RADIOLOGY; REGULATIONS; UTERUS | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Collision detection
Added a link to the GJK algorithm, the best algorithm known for distance between convex polytopes.
I've been doing some work on the ragdoll physics article and related subjects. --Nagle 05:13, 9 March 2006 (UTC)
Request for "sweep and prune" algorithm
For anyone interested, there is a request for the "sweep and prune" collision detection algorithm on Requested articles/Applied arts and sciences/Computer science, computing, and Internet. Quick external link: ; a wealth of information can be found on Google. When done, please create the article sweep and prune to redirect here to the relevant section, and remove the request from the requested articles list. -- intgr 01:36, 17 December 2006 (UTC)
* Done. Loisel 18:52, 17 December 2006 (UTC)
Why do say that the billiard ball simulation is numerically unstable?
This statement is unqualified. How can you say that the numerical algorithm is unstable when you haven't even presented the numerical algorithm? If you used an implicit method, for example, it would be unconditionally stable. Certain explicit algorithms would be unconditionally unstable, but some of course would be stable provided the time step is sufficiently small. Moreover, one would probably use an adaptive time stepper because the problem would become very stiff once collisions start to take place... Discostu5 18:40, 13 January 2007
* "If you used an implicit method, for example, it would be unconditionally stable." Actually, as one of the few people to ever try ragdoll physics with an implicit integrator, I can report that it doesn't help much. The problem is that the integration becomes more stable, but solving the implicit system when it is highly stiff turns out to be difficult. Getting the solution to converge can require very small steps in a high-dimensional nonlinear space and very frequent recomputation of the Jacobian. Overall, it turned out to be slower than using an RK4 integrator and tiny time steps. But it would violate WP:OR to put that in the article. --John Nagle 02:50, 10 June 2007 (UTC)
* The actual line of the article says this:
* "This particular example also turns out to be numerically unstable: a small error in any calculation will cause catastrophic changes in the final position of the billiard balls."
* So what is meant here is not 'instability' in the sense of the numbers blowing up to infinity or something - although many practical physics engines do exhibit these kinds of instabilities. What is meant here (I believe) is that a comparison of reality versus the simulation would be very sensitive to small numerical errors - such as might result from normal arithmetic precision issues. For example, if the black ball only just enters into a pocket after being hit by the cue ball, a very small error in calculating the trajectory of the cue ball could result in a much larger error in the post-collision trajectory of the black ball - which in turn might allow it to just ricochet off the side of the pocket - which in turn could result in half a dozen balls winding up half a meter away from where they should be. This is a consequence of 'sensitive dependance on initial conditions' - Chaos theory and all that stuff. In most applications of collision detection, (ie video games), we might not care - if the outcome was that close, do we really care?
* So I'm not really defending this line in the article - I think it's misleading - but there is little doubt that there exist no really reliable collision detection algorithms that work in finite time and which never make errors other than those due solely to arithmetic precision. Yes, you can go with smaller and smaller time-slices - but there is always the possibility that your time slices aren't small enough - or that an unreasonably small time-slice might be needed in order to resolve a collision correctly.
* The article needs to say something about the limits of what these algorithms can actually manage. Since they universally fall short of perfection.
* SteveBaker 01:04, 14 January 2007 (UTC)
* The billiards problem is essentially a version of problem #2 from the SIAM 100 digit challenge . The photon in that problem bounces a few times (seven? I forget) but if you compute the bounces using double precision, the answer is completely incorrect. To obtain 10 digits, I had to use something like 250 digits of precision in my calculations.
* To see the similarity with billiards, think of the photon as the cue ball, and the mirrors as the other 15 balls on the table. Loisel 22:10, 14 January 2007 (UTC)
--Isc ekul 05:17, 2 May 2007 (UTC)
* I tend to aggree with 'steve baker' or someone else (can't follow the posts) above on finding the billiard ball thing slightly missleading - ok it does become chaotic - but to describe it as computationally unstable sounds a bit over the top. It would be numerically unstable quite quickly if you only use 1% accuracy on the vectors, eventually any computer will get the answers wrong - but nowadays I'd imagine the ball to come to a rest before the positions were significantly out?
* Surely any similation involving repeated collisions is unstable - is that what it is trying to say? I guess so. But as it is it sounds like a lot of air - no substance - with that statement I'd like to see some work associated.. or something.
As to the above I hope you meant 10 digits of precision in decimal and 250 digits in binary - other wise I'd imagine you to have a very broken computer (just my joke)<IP_ADDRESS> 22:03, 19 June 2007 (UTC)
Collision detection vs. collision response
In this field, there's generally a strong distinction between collision detection, which is a purely geometric problem, and collision response, which is concerned with the physics of simulating what happens when collisions are detected. Material on the latter should be moved out to physics engine or ragdoll physics, where it's already covered. --John Nagle 07:02, 6 May 2007 (UTC)
Did some cleanup work, but the article is still something of a mess. I've cleaned up the description of the Lin-Canny / GJK convex polyhedron systems, which I know something about. Now we need a better description of the precomputation-based approaches, where trees are precomputed from level maps and collision with the fixed features is computed cheaply. That's not something I've worked with, and someone who really understands that stuff should write it up.
Actually, numerical stability in collision detection isn't a serious problem any more. (It was ten years ago, but we're past that.) Numerical stability in collision response is still tough. But that's a different subject. --John Nagle 07:39, 6 May 2007 (UTC)
minor point
great article nice to see a mention of bounding volumes etc - this would be a good start for someone to learn about computer games physics programming - assuming they could understand all the words, but the section Collision_detection states "Almost all games use a posteriori collision detection" - I don't think this is nowadays true - I think most new 3d games use an "a priori" method on a frame by frame basis - (is this a mixture of a priori and a posteriori?) - so in a give 1/50sec frame a typical engine would calculate the distance to intersection when moving in a given direction and then compare with the distance travelled in that time - effectively calculating the when the touch things are touching. This applies to linear motion.
If the the object is rotating I know of two methods that are still commonplace - one is to approximate the area produced by the rotating line by a triangle, the other is to solve the quadratic associated with rotation (more accurate) - both are still a priori.
When an object is rotating and translating approximations are used - typically using both the translation and rotation detection one each in turn - this obviously is an approximation - but typically the movements are small in given frame and the approximation is satisfactory for games.
In case of objects moving under gravity etc usually a 'a priori' method is used on a frame by frame basic with the approximation used that an arc (parabola) is well estimated by a series of short straight lines along its path.
I'm not aware of any method that uses a 'a posteriori' method on a frame by frame basis nowadays though I can imagine that it used to be used.
The methods I've described above would calcualted friction etc in between the frames - effectively they convert the 'smooth' motion of a thing into a series of small straight lines (typically one line per frame) and then accurately test for the exact touching point on collision of the thing moving along that line.<IP_ADDRESS> 00:39, 10 June 2007 (UTC)
Now I've read in more detail I realise the article to be shit in parts - see below. The bits on bsp trees was quite good though.
Added better references
Added links to the two main collision detection research groups: Berkeley and Oxford. Cited M.C. Lin paper properly. We could use more on precomputed spatial partitioning methods, which is how most games do walls. --John Nagle 16:39, 16 June 2007 (UTC)
?
"binary search is known to be relatively inefficient compared to other root-finding algorithms such as Newton's method."
I removed this. It was put back in - what does newtons method for finding roots have to do with collision detection
—Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs) 14:25, 19 June 2007
Dear anonymous editor,
Collision detection involves finding when the distance d(x,y) between two objects x and y becomes zero (i.e., root finding on the distance function d). Two such methods are bisection and Newton's method, but there are many other methods as well.
I reverted you the previous time, I will revert you this one additional time. If you delete this passage again, I will rely upon another editor to make the appropriate decision.
I don't know if it would be possible for me to make a request of you, but if you don't understand something, would it be possible for you to ask on the talk page instead of modifying the article?
Thank you very much,
What about the question? ie is there a single example in which newtons method is USEFUL in finding a collision point - if so name it - otherwise why did you revert.?
Lin's findings are not relevant for inclusion - just because you found means nothing - is that why you reverted - because you didn't like your additions removed? Loisel 15:58, 19 June 2007 (UTC)
Addendum: for an overview, see section 2.3 of this paper. Loisel 16:18, 19 June 2007 (UTC)
Oh great a sarcastic cunt- thanks - I asked a question see above.
A. What does the linked page Newton's method have do do with finding a collision in any general case - for simple motion - linear, rotating exact solutions are known. For more complex cases eg motion in magnetic fields the equations of motion are complex and it may not be possible to even solve the differential equation giving the motion.
B. What does the 'binary search' refer to in this case - is it some sort of iterative method to get to a best estimate of the collision distance - in which case the phrase 'binary search' hardly is a good discription. If not what is it exactly?
I doubt you can even fucking answer these - thats why the biggest thing you can do is revert on site - am I right?<IP_ADDRESS> 16:37, 19 June 2007 (UTC)
Also Ph.D students 'MC Lin' or whatever - that paper is (as the article states) useless (a lot like most students) so why does it even get a mention? Is the author a friend of Lin or wants to be friends. Any idiot can come up with an unworkable idea - the real methods involve bsp or bounding volumes etc and triangle triangle intersections or similar.<IP_ADDRESS> 16:42, 19 June 2007 (UTC)
* this bit "Better methods have since been developed. Very fast algorithms are available for finding the closest points on the surface of two convex polyhedral objects. Early work by M. C. Lin [1] used"... why??
First off, let me point you to WP:CIVIL, which is official policy. Please do not violate this rule again.
Second, if you want to learn about rootfinding and collision detection, consult the literature, it is easy. I found a rough paper which I linked above, and a google search also yields http://www.springerlink.com/content/y485230u8147111r/, which is in Springer. "An Integrated Runge–Kutta Root Finding Method for Reliable Collision Detection in Multibody Systems" by Gerald Grabner and Andrés Kecskeméthy.
Third, I have never met M. C. Lin, never spoken to her, and she does not know of me. We're not in the same field at all. I'm a numerical mathematician at Temple University http://www.math.temple.edu/~loisel/ and she's a professor of computer science at UNC http://www.cs.unc.edu/~lin/. I've never set foot in North Carolina.
Finally, the point of that paragraph is not to pitch this algorithm to anyone, but this being an encyclopedia, I was just trying to give as many alternatives as I knew of. Loisel 16:59, 19 June 2007 (UTC)
? continued
ok I removed this
"Given that exact numbers are impossible to obtain, one can also use a simple a posteriori algorithm, and then use a binary search to attempt to compute the first moment of collision, if any. However, aside from the fact that this approach may miss some collisions, binary search is known to be relatively inefficient compared to other root-finding algorithms such as Newton's method."
In what way are exact numbers impossible to obtain.?
"one can also use a simple a posteriori algorithm, and then use a binary search to attempt to compute the first moment of collision, if any" should be at least "one can also use a simple a posteriori algorithm such as a binary search to attempt to compute the first moment of collision, if any"
Is binary search actually inefficient compared to another iterative process such as newtons method? - calculating with binary search takes n steps to get to more than n bits accuracy - and the only compuation required is to test whether the object has crossed another object.
Newton's method involves calculating a (potentionally complex) function a number of times - for complex motion (as I stated above) the equation of motion may not even be known. Unless small time frames are used bsp partioning or similar will break down (cease to reduce the amount of objects to be considered)
I'd expect a reference that states that a root finding algorthym is better than binary search.
—Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs) 17:41, 19 June 2007
First, please consult WP:SIG and sign your further comments by putting three or four tildes at the end of your comments.
Second, the article that I gave above, http://www.springerlink.com/content/y485230u8147111r/, uses a much more complicated root finding algorithm than binary search. First, the "event function" (the d(x,y) distance function) is interpolated using a polynomial. This is done by augmenting the ODE of the system by adjoining differential equations for the distance functions. Then the RK integrator gives a dense output, consisting of a polynomial which interpolates the true solution (including the event function) over the time interval. Third, the roots of this polynomial over the time interval are found using Sturm sequences (I do something similar, but I use the Durand-Kerner method instead.) Finally, the exact zero of the distance functions are found by running a Newton-Raphson rootfinding algorithm on the (nonpolynomial) distance functions, and using the roots found by the Sturm sequence algorithm as initial guesses. The overall algorithm is compared to LSODAR, which is a black-box numerical integrator that includes event handling. By comparison, LSODAR apparently uses a variant of the secant method and bisection method, as does MATLAB's ODE suite (see Brent's method.) The black-box algorithms can sometimes be faster, but part of the point of the Grabner paper is that the interpolation method more reliably catches the first event in a time interval. Apparently, they found that for 25+ spheres, LSODAR works 20-30% slower than their algorithm.
Loisel 18:05, 19 June 2007 (UTC)
Well you certainly used a lot of names there but that really doesn't help. I'm assuming that you were saying that the root finding algorhythm was better. if the distance functions are not polynomials then why does it need a rootfinding algorhythm to find the zero? typing error? Also as you say LSDOR is an integrator - does that use a binary search then ? Otherwise what you've just said is irrelevant? (it's definately not 100% binary search by a long shot is it?)
and my other questions/comments - any thoughts?.
(comment - It seems that you must be looking at more complex movements of simple shapes (particle physics or something?) whereas I tend to imaging the problem in term of examples where motion is relatively simple - but shapes may be very complex ?? so I may not fully understand the type of methods you need to use)
exact pairwise collision detection
why doesn't the article decribe a method that works eg test for ray/plane (6 of) and line/line collsion (9 of) (brackets give the numbers for a single triangle)
- and what is the obsession with convex polyhedra - utilising only convex shapes doesn't give such a major reduction in computation as bounding volumes etc (also described) - as far as I can tell this is info that is just an academic curiosity no more?
Also the link to the Gilbert-Johnson-Keerthi distance algorithm has a link within that is to a paysite - this link *"The Gilbert-Johnson-Keerthi distance algorithm: a fast version for incremental motions", Ong and Gilbert this should be removed.
Also how is MC Lins work relevant?
Also why no mention that linear motion is a good approximation when dealing with small time frames eg 1/20 - 1/60 sec for computer graphics? —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs)
* Most of the commercial physics engines, like Havok and Ageia, support convex polyhedra and use GJK. Incremental enhanced GJK is so fast that "pairwise pruning" can slow things down. You need a coarse level system to decide which pairs to examine, but axis-oriented bounding boxes do that. --John Nagle 21:41, 15 November 2007 (UTC)
also ????
" We note here that if the trajectories of the vertices are assumed to be linear polynomials in t then the final sixty functions are in fact cubic polynomials, and in this exceptional case, it is possible to locate the exact collision time using the formula for the roots of the cubic. Some numerical analysts suggest that using the formula for the roots of the cubic is not as numerically stable as using a root finder for polynomials."
most of this should be removed.
1. "..assumed to be linear polynomials in t then the final sixty functions are in fact cubic polynomials" comment if the trajectories of verticies are for example quartics the final sixty functions are NOT CUBICS - the paragraph as it is is simply wrong - what was it meant to say?
2. "Some numerical analysts suggest that using the formula for the roots of the cubic is not as numerically stable as using a root finder for polynomials" - needs a citation - is this hearsay or what?
Is the paragraph trying to say that complex motion equations can be approximated by cubics over a small time frame? (that's my guess) - I expect this to be deleted or substationally corrected - as it stands it is nonsense - please help. Thank you.
I have no idea what it is supposed to say so I cannot begin to correct it.
unforced error
Collision_detection third paragraph (including the one line paragraph at beginning - quote "There are twenty such planes." - as far as I can tell this should be 18 reason - the two planes formed by the triangles don't count? I'm assuming I've understood - can someone please check this.<IP_ADDRESS> 20:53, 19 June 2007 (UTC)
* I agree. The plane going through (v1, v2, v3) and the plane going through (v4, v5, v6) cannot be used as separating planes as the triangles (v1, v2, v3) and (v4, v5, v6), respectively, lie within these planes - therefore one cannot speak of a separating plane.
* By the way - what about the article Separating axis theorem - wouldn't this be a good wikilink addition to this article? --Abdull (talk) 12:44, 14 June 2008 (UTC)
Collision_detection
The algorhytm described isn't very good (to test whether or not two stationary triangles intersect)- a simpler one would be to:
Part A
* 1. Find the equation describing the line (call in line X) formed by the intersection of the two planes defined by the two triangles (if the triangles are parallel the equation includes a divide by zero, if the triangles are coplanar the equation reduces to zero divided by zero see Part B)
* 2. taking an edge of the triangle (any edge) find the intersection of this edge with the line X - if this intersection lies between the two points defining the triangle edge the trinagles are intersecting = TRUE and stop obviously
* 3. taking an edge of the same triangle (any of the two remaining edges) find the intersection of this edge with the line X - if this intersection lies between the two points defining the triangle edge the trinagles are intersecting = TRUE and stop here
* 4. If this point has been reached then the triangles are not intersecting
Part B
* The triangles have been found to be coplanar in part A.1.
* Use a method of your choice to test whether the coplanar triangles are interseting - possible methods include:
* 1. Express each of the 6 points in terms of vectors formed by the edges of the other triangle
* eg triangles ABC and DEF
* point D =A+nAB+mAC (AB is vector from A to B) if n>=0 AND m>=0 AND n+m<=1 then that point is inside the triangle = TRUE, stop. otherwise check the other five points..
* If you checked all six points and none were inside the other triangle then triangles ABC and DEF are coplanar but do not insect. stop anyway.
* 2. Alternatively use a different test (can't think of one off hand)
I'm sure that this test will use less compatation than the 18 (20? see previous question) planes each with 2 cross products to be calculated. Note that part B will be used very rarely but can be included for completeness.
* In the vast majority of cases part B is rarely used (unless for some reason all your triangles tend to be coplanar in 3d space - why?)
* (trivia Note that on average Part A2 catches 2/3 of intersections)
Personally I'd recommend an 'a priori' method instead that attempts to calculate the intersections in small time frames (for rag-doll type stuff) using linear approximations to rotary motion if you don't want to solve the quadratic associated with rotary motion. Under rare conditions this will miss collisions but no more than any other method (except those which find exact solutions)
* missed objects = mostly very thin objects moving past other very thin objects whilst rotating about the axis formed by the linear motion - in general use though it catches ALL usefull collisions - such collisions might tend to slice past each other anyway in real life?
I'm sure that anyone who knows maths should be easily able to find a references for this method and recognise it's betterness as well as maybe give it a name. According to wiki-law I can't include it now as without references it would be original research - no way is such a simple method original though.<IP_ADDRESS> 21:28, 19 June 2007 (UTC)
* Write it up, post it somewhere else, and link to it. That's what everyone else does to get their original research incorporated. Rogerborg 11:19, 11 July 2007 (UTC)
Collision detection at intersections
Would efforts to devise an automated method for detecting traffic collisions fall under the scope of this article? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 01:21, 10 September 2008 (UTC)
* Not really; this article deals with collision detection in computer physics simulations. -- intgr [talk] 08:56, 10 September 2008 (UTC)
A posteriori versus a priori
This seems to be producing an ongoing series of edits. First, this is really a collision response or game physics issue, not a collision detection issue. That whole discussion belongs in Game physics. Second, the discussion here seems to be mostly original research. Third, what I think someone is trying for here is to talk about simulation systems where there's a "fixup step" in handling collisions. This is a hack that tries to back out of a collision hard case in a way that's not physically valid but usually yields plausible gameplay. The technology of modern physics engines has gone beyond that, but some older games did it that way.
The actual distinctions in collision detection are more related to the geometry. There are algorithms for spheres (easy and fast). There are algorithms for convex polyhedra (hard, bur fast). There are algorithms for "polygon soups" of arbitrary triangles (hard and can be slow). There are algorithms that work against "height fields" for terrain (medium hard, and fast). There are algorithms for vertical walls (complex, require precomputation, but very fast). Some algorithms only measure the distance between objects; others support interpenetration, and have a notion of "interpenetration distance" or "negative distance". "Negative distance" has its own set of problems; Prof. Steven Cameron at Oxford has come up with some ideas in that area. Personally, I think about half the material in the article is bogus. (I used to write physics engines; I seem to be the first one who made a ragdoll physics engine that really worked, back in 1997, and hold a key patent in this area.) Much of the uncited material in this article could be deleted. Game physics and Ragdoll physics have better citations and cover some of the same material. --John Nagle (talk) 04:37, 27 September 2008 (UTC)
"Impulse"
Actually, discussion of this subject belongs in game physics, but since someone put the term "impulse" in the article, it's worth mentioning. In the real world, there are forces, but no impulses. An "impulse" is a simplified abstraction - an infinite force applied over zero time with finite energy, resulting in an instantaneous change in velocity. Collisions between infinitely rigid objects (which do not exist in reality) behave that way. Using this abstraction makes computation faster, although it doesn't look right for big objects. --John Nagle (talk) 17:57, 29 October 2010 (UTC)
Adding an image of visible hitboxes in-game
It might be useful to have an image from a game which compares the apperance of an object with its collision model. Maybe something similar to these two images: Models Hitboxes Toomai Glittershine (talk) 03:17, 10 June 2011 (UTC)
Optimization: Content and organization issues
As far as I can see, the section "Optimization" spends a lot of time describing specific techniques and implementation instead of explaining the principles, mentioning existing techniques, discussing general issues and giving an overview. The "Exploiting temporal coherence" subsection seems to explain a particular implementation of sweep and prune, going into more detail than the sweep and prune article itself, and spends little time on temporal coherence in general. The "Pairwise pruning" subsection does not mention that other pairwise pruning methods exists, such as precise but expensive bounding volumes like the convex hull of non-convex objects, and spends very little time on general issues. The "Exact pairwise collision detection" focuses first and foremost on collisions between triangles in 3 dimensions, and other issues, approaches and collision objects are not discussed, such as images and volumes, other geometric representations, and morphing vs. rigid objects.
Furthermore, the organization is inconsistent: While the first couple of subsections suggests starting from the broadest phase of collision detection to a narrower and narrower phase (n-body/broad phase pruning ("Exploiting temporal coherence"), pair-wise pruning, exact pair-wise collision detection), "a priori pruning" is then mentioned, and coming back to "spatial partitioning", which is a broad phase pruning technique.
Finally, the subsections seems to constitute a narrative, making it harder to read, understand subsections independently of each other, as well as making it difficult to edit and add to the section.
I believe that a rewrite of the section is needed, with a focus on the following properties:
* Better organization (such as presenting the different phases of collision detection and then discussing them in order)
* More focus on general issues instead of focusing on particular issues and implementations
* Independent sections
Does anyone disagree? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Poxelcoll (talk • contribs) 16:46, 5 April 2012 (UTC)
* The article could certainly be improved. There's confusion between algorithms that use closed volumetric representations (spheres, boxes, polyhedra) and ones that just look for surface elements in contact ("polygon soup" algorithms). The whole "A posteriori (discrete) versus a priori (continuous)" distinction seems to confuse things further. The psuedo-math under "Temporal coherence" doesn't help much. (The basic idea there is simple. Each object has an bounding box aligned with the axes. The system tracks which boxes are overlapping in each axis as the the boxes move. This is done by keeping sorted lists of boxes for each axis. When two boxes overlap on all axes, the boxes intersect. If most boxes aren't moving much, the updates are very fast.) It's also possible to exploit temporal coherence for collision detection of complex polyhedra in GJK. This is done by using the result from the last calculation of the closest points as the starting point for the search next time. If the objects aren't rotating fast, the compute time is almost constant. All this is what we were doing in the late 1990s, and there's been progress since. --John Nagle (talk) 17:34, 5 April 2012 (UTC)
Moving "Bounding boxes" up above "Exploiting temporal coherence"?
I suggest we move the "Bounding boxes" section up to just above "Exploiting temporal coherence" because I think it kind of explains what the sections above says, just much simpler and it will be kind of like a preview.
I haven't read everything under "optimization" mostly because I think its hard to understand it, but from what I have understood from that I read about it I think it is kind of the same. --Sebbes333 (talk) 13:50, 16 December 2013 (UTC)
* Rewrote that part, using an academic reference. We need a good reference in this article to a respected book on game programming. We have a reference to the seminal paper by Lin on how to do collision detection fast, but later books are clearer. "Real-Time Collision Detection (The Morgan Kaufmann Series in Interactive 3-D Technology)" by Ericson, for example. John Nagle (talk) 05:52, 13 May 2014 (UTC)
Article tone and use of the pronoun "we"
As the article now stands, there are forty-some uses of the pronoun "we", some of which are used in ways generally considered unencylopedic. Per the link from the relevant text is:
* Articles should generally not be written from a first or second person perspective. In prose writing, the first person ("I" and "we") point of view and second person ("you" and "your") point of view typically evoke a strong narrator. While this is acceptable in works of fiction, it is generally unsuitable in an encyclopedia, where the writer should be invisible to the reader.
However, there is also
* As with many such guidelines, however, there are exceptions: for instance, in professional mathematics writing, use of the first person plural ("we") as "inclusive we" is widespread.
Now I would argue that the use of "we" in this article is sometimes, but not always the inclusive we; in a mathematics article the author and reader are following a shared line of reasoning, so it is not incorrect to say something like "…and we can see from Lemma 22 that…". Some of the uses here are in the same vein. However, we also have sentences like "In physical simulation, we wish to conduct experiments, such as playing billiards." In these sentences, the assertion is not that the reader wants to conduct billiards experiments; the "we" is a "we" of unspecified person, and could be replaced with the more formal "one".
Still, there may be other reasons to preserve these "we"s that I am overlooking. If the consensus is that there are, please pardon my boldness and remove the template. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:30, 27 August 2014 (UTC)
Collision by Triangle Centroid Method
I have a new scheme for fast collision detection. It relies on a maintenance of the mesh triangle's centroid. Given a single point detector. Just use the 3D Cartesian coordinates. So with sets of centroid, a state of collision can be defined as a certain scalar distance between target and object centroid points. The threshold for action is defined.
Exact triangle intersection is avoided. This method is just as valid of all others because the mesh form is approximative also.
I updated the page. I got help from a sci.math newsgroup mathematician. I will reference him if this method is well received. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Millsseintific (talk • contribs) 13:50, 29 May 2016 (UTC)
<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 14:00, 26 May 2016 (UTC)
Proposed merge with Hitbox
I don't see how we can write a fully-fledged article on this, especially as reliable sources (at least on the web) seem to be scarce. Adam9007 (talk) 00:06, 27 March 2018 (UTC)
* Support, there is no real difference between the two, so a merger seems ideal as it would reduce redundancy between the two articles. ~ Dissident93 (talk) 20:05, 12 November 2018 (UTC)
How should this section be rewritten?
Why does this section have this cleanup tag? Jarble (talk) 04:08, 28 January 2024 (UTC)
* I was wondering the same thing. (It is unreferenced; I added a tag for that.) Cheers! DoctorMatt (talk) 05:13, 28 January 2024 (UTC)
* Don't remember why I added that there, might have been a mistaken placement, as there was some manual-like language later on... I removed it. Thanks for noticing! OnlyNano 15:51, 29 January 2024 (UTC) | WIKI |
Clan MacDowall
Clan MacDowall or MacDouall is a Lowlands Scottish clan.
Origins of the clan
The name Macdowall is from the district of Galloway which itself was named after the Galli or Gaelic settlers of the seventh and eighth centuries. There are many legends surrounding the foundation of the princedom of Galloway and even historian Alexander Nisbet narrated that Dovall of Galloway killed Nothatus the Tyrant in 230 BC. The royal house of Galloway is said to have also resisted the Romans and Nesbit also stated that it was because of these early deeds that the lords included a fierce lion on their shield with a royal crown.
The Lords of Galloway were powerful and scattered their princedom with abbeys and priories. Fergus of Galloway was a Norse-Gaelic lord who flourished in the reign of David I of Scotland and he divided his princedom between his sons. One of his sons or grandsons was Dougal. The last native Lord of Galloway was Alan who died in about 1234. Alan's daughter was Devorgilla who married Balliol, Lord of Barnard Castle. Their son was John who claimed Galloway through his mother. In 1295 Balliol as Lord of Galloway granted a charter of the lands of Garthland to Dougal. In 1296 both Dougall and Fergus M'douall appear on the Ragman Rolls swearing fealty to Edward I of England.
14th, 15th and 16th centuries
Dougal's grandson was Fergus, third of Garthland who during the reign of David II of Scotland was sheriff depute for Kirkcudbright. His grandson was Sir Fergus Macdowall, the fifth Laird who in 1401 was taken prisoner at the Battle of Homildon by the English.
Uchtred, the ninth of Garthland married Isobel Gordon of the branch of the Clan Gordon who controlled Lochinver. However he and his son Thomas were both killed at the Battle of Flodden in 1513 along with James IV of Scotland. John the eleventh Laird was also killed fighting the English at the Battle of Pinkie Cleugh in 1547.
John had passed his estates to his son, another Uchtred, before going to war. This Uchtred was implicated in the Raid of Ruthven when the Earl of Gowrie and other Protestant nobles kidnapped the young James VI of Scotland in 1582 and held him at Ruthven Castle and later Edinburgh Castle. Uchtred was later pardoned in 1584 for his involvement in the conspiracy and received a fresh charter from the king for the barony of Garthland and Corswall.
Modern history
James Macdowall and William Macdowall were the sixteenth and seventeenth Lairds respectively. During the seventeenth century, they were members of the Scottish Parliament for Wigtownshire. William and his wife, Grizel Beaton, had fourteen children. Their grandson, James Macdowall, became Lord Provost of Glasgow.
The twenty-first Macdowall Laird, William McDowall, was an advocate at the Scottish Bar and was elected to Parliament. From 1783 to his death in 1810, he served in the House of Commons at Westminster. He was succeeded by his nephew, William, who sold the clan lands of Garthland but transferred the name to his estate at Lochwinnoch, Renfrewshire. He and his brother died unmarried and the title passed to Lieutenant General Day Macdowall. At the end of the nineteenth century, the chiefly family of Macdowall emigrated to Canada.
Lesser-status MacDowalls were among those who were recruited by the English for plantations in Ireland in the early 18th century and many settled there.
Clan chief
Prof. Fergus Day Hort Macdowall of Garthland is the current Chief of the Name and Arms.
Clan castles
* Barr Castle, Garthland, Lochwinnoch, Renfrewshire is the present seat of the chief of Clan Macdowall.
* Garthland Castle was located near Garthland Mains, Stoneykirk, Rhins of Galloway, Wigtownshire, Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland. The castle was possibly built in 1211, as a datestone bearing that date has been discovered within the Garthland Mains estate. The castle was seat of the family of M'Dowall of Garthland.
* Logan Castle: In 1295 the McDouall family were granted lands in the Kirkmaiden Wigtownshire area by King John Balliol son of their half-sister, Dervorgilla, and built a stronghold at Castle Balzieland, which apparently burned down in about 1500. Today only the stump of one corner of this ancient castle still stands, as a spectacular ornament in the walled garden. The family moved to another residence close by, before building the current Logan House in AD1702. In about 1800 a walled kitchen garden was built to service Logan House, incorporating the remains of Castle Balzieland. James McDouall, Laird of Logan married Agnes Buchan-Hepburn and she passed on her love of gardening to her their sons, Kenneth and Douglas. In 1949, after about 700 years, the Logan estate passed out of McDouall / McDowell family hands.
Branches of the clan
The main branches of the clan include:
* The MacDowalls anciently at Garthland Castle, Stoneykirk, Wigtownshire shown on a c.1747 military map at : The present seat is at Barr Castle, Garthland, Lochwinnoch, Renfrewshire.
* The MacDoualls of Freugh, Stoneykirk, Wigtownshire
* The MacDoualls of Logan, Kirkmaiden, Wigtownshire
* The MacDowalls of Machrimore, (Machermore, Machars, Old Luce, Wigtownshire in southern portion of Glenluce Parish prior to AD1707). Machermore is 3 miles S.E. from Glenluce. Uchtred Macdowall of Machermore m. Isobelle Gordon and they had a charter of the lands of Machermore, 7 July 1516. In 1576 Peter McDowell was fiar of Machermore, Glenluce. In AD1606 there were two charters of Cruggleton Castle Sorbie and the contiguous lands to James Kennedy, and Jaine Agnew his spouse : one from Peter M'Dowall of Machcrmore, Old Luce, Wigtownshire who seems to have been in actual possession under Sir John Vans, as superior ; the second from Dominus Johannes Wauss de Longcastle, miles (soldier) ; signed Barnebarroch, who as superior confirmed the above 23 Sep. 1606. After Peter Macdowall of Machermore disponed Cruggleton castle in 1606, that Barony (MacDowall of Machermore) faded out. In 1626 Alex McDowell of Machermore, Wigtownshire, sold Physgill in Glasserton in Wigtownshire. This Machermore in Wigtownshire became the property of the Earl of Stair of nearby Sinnenness Castle.
* The Makdougals of Makerston, Jedburgh. Sir Fergus Maddougal / Macdowlle by charter (1373) knighted by King David II, witnessed a charter to Thomas MacDowall, Head of the Name granting him the family Baronies in Wigtownshire.
Clan profile
* Chiefly arms: The current chief's coat of arms is blazoned: azure, a lion rampant argent crowned of a ducal coronet Or; Supporters: (on a compartment consisting of rocks with plant badge, issuing from the sea proper) two lions rampant, each gorged of an antique crown Or; Crest: (issuant from a crest coronet Or) a lion's paw erased and erected proper holding a dagger point upwards proper, hilted and pommelled Or; Motto: vincere vel mori. The motto translates from Latin as "to conquer or die". The chief's heraldic standard is blazoned: azure, a St Andrew's Cross argent in the hoist and of two tracts azure and argent, upon which is depicted the badge three times along with the motto "vincere vel mori" in letters azure upon two transverse bands Or.
* Clan member's crest badge: The crest badge suitable for members of the clan contains the chief's heraldic crest and motto. The crest is: (issuant from a crest coronet Or) A lion's paw erased and erected proper holding a dagger point upwards proper, hilted and pommelled Or. The motto is: vincere vel mori ("victory or death").
* Origin of the surname: The surname Macdowall and its variants are anglicised forms of the Gaelic Mac Dubhghaill, meaning "son of Dubhghall". The Gaelic personal name Dubhghall means "dark stranger".
* Branch Families, Septs and other spellings connected to Macdowall: Coyle, Dole, Dougal, Dougall, Doyle, Dow, Dowdle, Dowall, Dowell, Dowler, Dowling, Dugle, Duvall, Duwall, Kyle, MacDewell, MacDill, MacDole, MacDool, MacDougall, McDougal, MacDouyl, M'Douwille, Macduoel, Mcdoual, Mcdoll, MacDowall, MacDowal, McDowall, McDowal, MacDowell, McDowell, MacDowile, MacDowile, MacDowile, MacDowilt, MacDuael, MacDuel, McDuhile, MacDull, Macduuyl, Macduyl, Makdougall, Makdull, Mcduwell, M'Gowall, Mactheuel.
Tartan
In 2007, Chief Fergus D. H. Macdowall of Garthland designed the Clan MacDowall tartan (the clan did not previously have one of its own, and used MacDougall or a Galloway district tartan). He registered it with the Lord Lyon King of Arms and Scottish Tartans Authority in 2008. | WIKI |
Page:Southern Historical Society Papers volume 17.djvu/439
Development of the Free Soil Idea in the United States. 431
following strictly in its construction the preamble to that great charter known as the Constitution of the States, and which gave all power of the governed to the people themselves. All discussions of import- ance on the bill of rights, the purchase of lands, their division into territories and their organization and government as such, their in- ternal improvement, consequent development, and final admission in- to the union as States, have arisen from the public consideration of these political dogmas, as enunciated and applied by successive ad- ministrations. Each Territory and State has partaken of these doc- trines as successively brought forth and constituted, with the single exception of Kentucky, which was ceded by Virginia and directly admitted upon her acceptance of the Constitution, without becoming a ward of the general government under that political tutelage known as a territory, taking effect June ist, 1792.
The Federal idea had for its home the New England colonies, bound together by the ties of religion, kindred community of inter- ests in Indian wars, and early confederation in opposition to the mandates of the mother country. It also extended gradually west- ward with emigration. The remaining colonies were embraced in separate and distinct grants from the British Government to the original proprietors and patentees, and were subdivided at the first patentees' day into great and broad baronies, vestiges of which still remained. The immunity shared by them from invasions, insurrec- tions, and the general pacific relations with Indian tribes, had ren- dered a compact unnecessary.
Other reasons for the view may be had by considering the religion and character of the settlers of the southern colonies. Maryland was peculiarly Catholic, Virginia Episcopal, South Carolina Huguenot, and North Carolina was a refuge for all the distressed classes of Britain. Nothing had occurred up to the year 1775 to create a com- munity interest in these southern colonies.
At this time the colonies were possessed in their original grants by the general treaty with Great Britain, and owned vast tracts of territory over which they held jurisdiction and control. The bounda- ries were not always well defined, but the titles were unquestioned. In adjusting the indebtedness of the several States and of the gen- eral government these vast tracts were ceded to the latter and control assumed by the United States. These grants included all the unset- tled country north of Florida and west of Pennsylvania, Virginia, and the Carolinas. The organization of the territory northwest of the Ohio immediately followed, and a restriction imposed that there | WIKI |
Bang. En roman om Herman Bang
'Bang. En roman om Herman Bang' (lit. Bang. A Novel About Herman Bang) is a 1996 novel by Danish author Dorrit Willumsen about Herman Bang. It won the Nordic Council's Literature Prize in 1997. | WIKI |
Swift Package Manager Mac App
Swift binary framework download compatibility. Carthage will check to make sure that downloaded Swift (and mixed Objective-C/Swift) frameworks were built with the same version of Swift that is in use locally. If there is a version mismatch, Carthage will proceed to build the framework from source. Until the time of this writing answer, Swift Package Manager do not support the iOS, tvOS, and watchOS. Instead, you will have to add the files from the package directly to your project. I would suggest you creating a Dependencies group in your project and a group below that with the package name, like this answer. So, first you will add the files dependency that you want to import into your.
The powerful programming language that is also easy to learn.
Swift is a powerful and intuitive programming language for macOS, iOS, watchOS, tvOS and beyond. Writing Swift code is interactive and fun, the syntax is concise yet expressive, and Swift includes modern features developers love. Swift code is safe by design, yet also produces software that runs lightning-fast.
Modern
Swift is the result of the latest research on programming languages, combined with decades of experience building Apple platforms. Named parameters are expressed in a clean syntax that makes APIs in Swift even easier to read and maintain. Even better, you don’t even need to type semi-colons. Inferred types make code cleaner and less prone to mistakes, while modules eliminate headers and provide namespaces. To best support international languages and emoji, Strings are Unicode-correct and use a UTF-8 based encoding to optimize performance for a wide-variety of use cases. Memory is managed automatically using tight, deterministic reference counting, keeping memory usage to a minimum without the overhead of garbage collection.
Declare new types with modern, straightforward syntax. Provide default values for instance properties and define custom initializers.
Add functionality to existing types using extensions, and cut down on boilerplate with custom string interpolations.
Quickly extend your custom types to take advantage of powerful language features, such as automatic JSON encoding and decoding.
Perform powerful custom transformations using streamlined closures.
These forward-thinking concepts result in a language that is fun and easy to use.
Swift has many other features to make your code more expressive:
• Generics that are powerful and simple to use
• Protocol extensions that make writing generic code even easier
• First class functions and a lightweight closure syntax
• Fast and concise iteration over a range or collection
• Tuples and multiple return values
• Structs that support methods, extensions, and protocols
• Enums can have payloads and support pattern matching
• Functional programming patterns, e.g., map and filter
• Native error handling using try / catch / throw
Designed for Safety
Swift eliminates entire classes of unsafe code. Variables are always initialized before use, arrays and integers are checked for overflow, memory is automatically managed, and enforcement of exclusive access to memory guards against many programming mistakes. Syntax is tuned to make it easy to define your intent — for example, simple three-character keywords define a variable ( var ) or constant ( let ). And Swift heavily leverages value types, especially for commonly used types like Arrays and Dictionaries. This means that when you make a copy of something with that type, you know it won’t be modified elsewhere.
Another safety feature is that by default Swift objects can never be nil. In fact, the Swift compiler will stop you from trying to make or use a nil object with a compile-time error. This makes writing code much cleaner and safer, and prevents a huge category of runtime crashes in your apps. However, there are cases where nil is valid and appropriate. For these situations Swift has an innovative feature known as optionals. An optional may contain nil, but Swift syntax forces you to safely deal with it using the ? syntax to indicate to the compiler you understand the behavior and will handle it safely.
Use optionals when you might have an instance to return from a function, or you might not.
Features such as optional binding, optional chaining, and nil coalescing let you work safely and efficiently with optional values.
Fast and Powerful
Swift
From its earliest conception, Swift was built to be fast. Using the incredibly high-performance LLVM compiler technology, Swift code is transformed into optimized native code that gets the most out of modern hardware. The syntax and standard library have also been tuned to make the most obvious way to write your code also perform the best whether it runs in the watch on your wrist or across a cluster of servers.
Swift Package Manager Mac App Download
Swift is a successor to both the C and Objective-C languages. It includes low-level primitives such as types, flow control, and operators. It also provides object-oriented features such as classes, protocols, and generics, giving Cocoa and Cocoa Touch developers the performance and power they demand.
Great First Language
Swift can open doors to the world of coding. In fact, it was designed to be anyone’s first programming language, whether you’re still in school or exploring new career paths. For educators, Apple created free curriculum to teach Swift both in and out of the classroom. First-time coders can download Swift Playgrounds—an app for iPad that makes getting started with Swift code interactive and fun.
Aspiring app developers can access free courses to learn to build their first apps in Xcode. And Apple Stores around the world host Today at Apple Coding & Apps sessions where you can get hands-on experience with Swift code.
Source and Binary Compatibility
With Swift 5, you don’t have to modify any of your Swift 4 code to use the new version of the compiler. Instead you can start using the new compiler and migrate at your own pace, taking advantage of new Swift 5 features, one module at a time. And Swift 5 now introduces binary compatibility for apps. That means you no longer need to include Swift libraries in apps that target current and future OS releases, because the Swift libraries will be included in every OS release going forward. Your apps will leverage the latest version of the library in the OS, and your code will continue to run without recompiling. This not only makes developing your app simpler, it also reduces the size of your app and its launch time.
Open Source
Swift is developed in the open at Swift.org, with source code, a bug tracker, forums, and regular development builds available for everyone. This broad community of developers, both inside Apple as well as hundreds of outside contributors, work together to make Swift even more amazing. There is an even broader range of blogs, podcasts, conferences and meetups where developers in the community share their experiences of how to realize Swift’s great potential.
Cross Platform
Swift already supports all Apple platforms and Linux, with community members actively working to port to even more platforms. With SourceKit-LSP, the community is also working to integrate Swift support into a wide-variety of developer tools. We’re excited to see more ways in which Swift makes software safer and faster, while also making programming more fun.
Swift for Server
While Swift powers many new apps on Apple platforms, it’s also being used for a new class of modern server applications. Swift is perfect for use in server apps that need runtime safety, compiled performance and a small memory footprint. To steer the direction of Swift for developing and deploying server applications, the community formed the Swift Server work group. The first product of this effort was SwiftNIO, a cross-platform asynchronous event-driven network application framework for high performance protocol servers and clients. It serves as the foundation for building additional server-oriented tools and technologies, including logging, metrics and database drivers which are all in active development.
To learn more about the open source Swift community and the Swift Server work group, visit Swift.org
Playgrounds and Read-Eval-Print-Loop (REPL)
Much like Swift Playgrounds for iPad, playgrounds in Xcode make writing Swift code incredibly simple and fun. Type a line of code and the result appears immediately. You can then Quick Look the result from the side of your code, or pin that result directly below. The result view can display graphics, lists of results, or graphs of a value over time. You can open the Timeline Assistant to watch a complex view evolve and animate, great for experimenting with new UI code, or to play an animated SpriteKit scene as you code it. When you’ve perfected your code in the playground, simply move that code into your project. Swift is also interactive when you use it in Terminal or within Xcode’s LLDB debugging console. Use Swift syntax to evaluate and interact with your running app, or write new code to see how it works in a script-like environment.
Package Manager
Swift Package Manager Command Line
Swift Package Manager is a single cross-platform tool for building, running, testing and packaging your Swift libraries and executables. Swift packages are the best way to distribute libraries and source code to the Swift community. Configuration of packages is written in Swift itself, making it easy to configure targets, declare products and manage package dependencies. New to Swift 5, the swift run command now includes the ability to import libraries in a REPL without needing to build an executable. Swift Package Manager itself is actually built with Swift and included in the Swift open source project as a package.
Objective-C Interoperability
You can create an entirely new application with Swift today, or begin using Swift code to implement new features and functionality in your app. Swift code co-exists along side your existing Objective-C files in the same project, with full access to your Objective-C API, making it easy to adopt.
Get Started
Download Xcode and learn how to build apps using Swift with documentation and sample code. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Tutorial: Creating an identity pool - Amazon Cognito
Tutorial: Creating an identity pool
Important
Currently, you must configure Amazon Cognito identity pools in the original console, even if you have migrated to the new console for Amazon Cognito user pools. From the new console, choose Federated identities to navigate to the identity pools console.
With an identity pool, your users can obtain temporary AWS credentials to access AWS services, such as Amazon S3 and DynamoDB.
Note
In the new Amazon Cognito console experience, you can manage identity pools from the Federated identities link on the left navigation bar.
To create an identity pool
1. Go to the Amazon Cognito console. If prompted, enter your AWS credentials.
2. Choose Manage Identity Pools.
3. Choose Create new identity pool.
4. Enter a name for your identity pool.
5. To enable unauthenticated identities, select Enable access to unauthenticated identities from the Unauthenticated identities collapsible section.
6. Choose Create Pool.
7. You will be prompted for access to your AWS resources.
Choose Allow to create the two default roles associated with your identity pool: one for unauthenticated users and one for authenticated users. These default roles provide your identity pool access to Amazon Cognito Sync. You can modify the roles associated with your identity pool in the IAM console.
8. Make a note of your identity pool Id number. You will use it to set up policies that will allow your app users to access other AWS services, such as Amazon Simple Storage Service or DynamoDB
For more information on identity pools, see Amazon Cognito identity pools (federated identities).
For an example of using an identity pool with Amazon S3, see Uploading Photos to Amazon S3 from a Browser. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Shepherdess of the Alps (1).pdf/4
4 Oh tell us lovely creature what cruel turn of fate has lowered you to this condition. A man under misfortune, replied Adelaide, may find a thousand means to extricate himself; but to a woman in such cases, has no resource but in the honest servitude; and in the choice of one's master, methinks 'tis best to prefer the good and virtuous. You are going to see mine, and you will be delighted with the innocence of their lives, and thcthe [sic] candour and simplicity of their manners.
As she was still speaking, they arrived at the hut.-It was divided by a partition from the sheepfold, into which the shepherdess turned her flock counting them over with the most serious attention, heedless of the strangers, who beheld her with admiration. The old folks, such as represented Baucis and Philemon, received their guests with the honest simple courtesy which reealledrecalled [sic] the golden agcage [sic]. We have nothing to offer you, said the good woman, but clean straw for your bed, and a hcartyhearty [sic] welcome to such provisions as heaven affords us, milk, fruit and oaten bread. In entering the cabin, they were amazed to see the order and neatness that appeared cvcryevery [sic] whcrewhere [sic] in so poor a habitation. Their table was a walnut plank, finely polished with frequent rubbing; their earthen dishes and dairy pans shone with the nicest cleanness; cvertevery [sic] thing presented the image of contented poverty, happy to be whcrcwithallwherewithall [sic] to supply thcthe [sic] real wants of naturcnature [sic]. 'Tis our dear daughter, said the good old woman, that manages all our little affairs. At break of day, before she leads her flock to the hills and dales, whilst they are nipping about our hut the sweet grass | WIKI |
Page:Jamie and Nancy of Yarmouth.pdf/3
(3) For to be great I never deſire,
* my heart is fixed never to love more,
Then ſaid her father, it is my reſolution,
* altho' I have no more daughters but thee
If that you with him are for to merry,
* baniſhed from me you ever will be
Well cruel father but ſtill I this deſire
* grant me that Jamie once more I may ſee,
Tho' you do part us I ſtill will be loyal,
* for none in this world I admire but he.
For the young man he ſent in a paſſion,
* crying for ever ſir now take your leave,
I have a match more fit for my daughter.
* therefore it is folly longer to grieve.
Honoured father, then ſaid the young lady,
* promiſed we are by the powers above,
Why of all comforts will you bereave me,
* my love is fixed never to remove.
Then ſaid her father a trip to the ocean,
* you firſt ſhall go in a ſhip of own,
And I will conſent that you ſhall have my daughter
* When to Yarmouth again you return.
Honoured ſir then ſaid theſe two lovers,
* ſince 'tis your will we are bound to obey,
Our conſtant hearts can never be parted,
* but our eager deſires now longer muſt ſtay
Then beautiful Nancy ſaid deareſt Jamie,
* here take this ring in pledge of our vows.
As for my heart keep it ſafe in your boſom,
* carry it with you wherever you go
Then whil his arms he did cloſe enfold her;
* while chryſtal tears like a fountain did flow, | WIKI |
Harburg Hills
The Harburg Hills (German: Harburger Berge) are a low ridge in the northeastern part of the German state of Lower Saxony and the southern part of the city state of Hamburg. They are up to 155 m high.
Geography and history
The Harburg Hills lie northwest of the Lüneburg Heath in the Lower Saxon district of Landkreis Harburg and in the Hamburg quarters of Eißendorf, Hausbruch, Heimfeld, Marmstorf and Neugraben-Fischbek within the Harburg borough. Thus they are located between the city of Hamburg to the north, Seevetal to the east, the Lüneburg Heath to the southeast, Handeloh, Welle and Otter to the south, Tostedt and Buchholz in der Nordheide to the southwest, Hollenstedt and Beckdorf to the west and Neu Wulmstorf to the northwest. At the centre of this hill country is the municipal district of Rosengarten (which consists of ten separate villages and covers an area of some 64 km² (25 sq. miles)). The geographic centre of the Harburg Hills is the Buchholz motorway (Autobahn) interchange on the A 1. The hills are framed by the Seeve river in the east and the Este river in the west.
The Harburg Hills are end moraines that were formed in the Saalian glaciation and Weichselian Ice Age. They are a popular recreation area.
Terrain
The Harburg Hills form a landscape of hilly forests, heaths and farmland. They contain protected nature reserves: the Fischbeker Heide (Fischbek Heath, 1958), the Schwarze Berge (Black Hills), Buchenwälder im Rosengarten and Landschaftsschutzgebiet Rosengarten–Kiekeberg–Stuvenwald (1965), and Neugrabener Heide, as well as the Wildpark Schwarze Berge.
Access
The area is crossed by the A 1 and A 261 Autobahns; junctions Neu Wulmstorf-Rade, Buchholz-Dibbersen (both on the A 1) and Rosengarten-Tötensen (A 261) enabling easy access to the hills. The A 7 runs through the northeastern part of the region; leave at the Marmstorf exit.
Hills
* Gannaberg (155 m), Harburg district, Langenrehm village (with the Rosengarten radio and TV tower)
* Hülsenberg (Harburg) (155 m), Harburg district
* Brunsberg (129 m), Harburg district
* Kiekeberg (127 m), Harburg district, Black Hills (Schwarze Berge)
* Hasselbrack (116.2 m), highest elevation in Hamburg.
* Fistelberge (107 m), Harburg district, Black Hills
* Flidderberg (107 m), Harburg district, Lohberge | WIKI |
With Mueller report looming, Trump renews calls to 'investigate the investigators'
President Donald Trump kept up his calls for investigations of his political opponents on Monday, claiming in anticipation of the expected release of special counsel Robert Mueller’s report that it was Democrats and “dirty cops” who were actually guilty of collusion and obstruction of justice rather. “Mueller, and the A.G. based on Mueller findings (and great intelligence), have already ruled No Collusion, No Obstruction,” he wrote in a tweet. “These were crimes committed by Crooked Hillary, the DNC, Dirty Cops and others! INVESTIGATE THE INVESTIGATORS!” Attorney General William Barr is expected to release a redacted version of Mueller’s report on Russian election interference any day. Democrats in Congress have thus far been unsatisfied with Barr’s pledge to release a redacted version of the report, instead demanding the full report as well as the underlying documentation. Barr’s assessment that Trump did not commit obstruction of justice, even though Mueller did not reach a conclusion on that question, has stirred further outcry from Democrats. So, too, have reports that members of Mueller’s team have viewed the attorney general’s summary of the Mueller report as overly favorable to the president. And though Barr quoted Mueller’s report as specifically not exonerating the president, Trump and his allies have declared him innocent of all allegations. They have since amplified their calls that the Justice Department now investigate the origins of the Russia probe, claiming the FBI’s surveillance of the Trump campaign was politically motivated and based on questionable evidence. Last week, congressional appropriates grilled Barr on any discrepancies between the Mueller report and his summary of it. In his testimony, he appeared to back up Trump’s claims that his 2016 campaign was spied on. “Spying on a political campaign is a big deal,” Barr told members of a Senate Appropriations subcommittee during a hearing about the DOJ budget. “I think spying did occur. The question is whether it was adequately predicated. And I’m not suggesting that it wasn’t adequately predicated. But I need to explore that.” While the president and his supporters have raged against his investigators from the beginning of the Russia investigation, he has also sporadically claimed without evidence that Clinton, his 2016 opponent, and the Democratic National Committee are truly guilty of collusion and obstruction of justice. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
DNAStrand.js (7kyu 11)
Codewars 알고리즘 풀이
Problem
• In DNA strings, symbols ‘A’ and ‘T’ are complements of each other, as ‘C’ and ‘G’.
• DNA 문자열에서 기호 ‘A’와 ‘T’는 서로 보완된다.
• ‘C’와 ‘G’도 서로 보완된다.
Solution 01
function DNAStrand(dna) {
let result = '';
for (let i = 0; i < dna.length; i++) {
if (dna[i] === 'A') {
result += 'T';
} else if (dna[i] === 'T') {
result += 'A';
} else if (dna[i] === 'C') {
result += 'G';
} else {
result += 'C';
}
}
return result;
}
DNAStrand('ATCG'); // TAGC
DNAStrand('AAAA'); // TTTT
DNAStrand('TTTT'); // AAAA
DNAStrand('CCCC'); // GGGG
DNAStrand('GGGG'); // CCCC
Solution 02
function DNAStrand(dna) {
const pairs = {
T: 'A',
A: 'T',
C: 'G',
G: 'C'
};
return dna.split('').map(i => pairs[i]).join('');
}
DNAStrand('ATCG'); // TAGC
DNAStrand('AAAA'); // TTTT
DNAStrand('TTTT'); // AAAA
DNAStrand('CCCC'); // GGGG
DNAStrand('GGGG'); // CCCC
split(): 문자열을 부분 문자열로 분할하고, 새 배열로 반환한다.
map(): 배열 내 모든 element에 대해, 호출한 함수의 결과를 모아 새 배열로 반환한다.
join(): 배열의 모든 element를 결합하고, 새 문자열로 반환한다.
Solution 03
function DNAStrand(dna) {
const pairs = {
T: 'A',
A: 'T',
C: 'G',
G: 'C'
};
return dna.replace(/./g, i => pairs[i]);
}
DNAStrand('ATCG'); // TAGC
DNAStrand('AAAA'); // TTTT
DNAStrand('TTTT'); // AAAA
DNAStrand('CCCC'); // GGGG
DNAStrand('GGGG'); // CCCC
replace(): 대응되는 문자열을 찾아 다른 문자열로 치환한다.
.: 개행 문자를 제외한 모든 문자와 대응
g: 전역 검색
Solution 04
function DNAStrand(dna) {
return dna.split('').map(i => {
return { T: 'A', A: 'T', C: 'G', G: 'C' }[i];
}).join('');
}
DNAStrand('ATCG'); // TAGC
DNAStrand('AAAA'); // TTTT
DNAStrand('TTTT'); // AAAA
DNAStrand('CCCC'); // GGGG
DNAStrand('GGGG'); // CCCC | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
MaxMyInterest Appoints Tom Bradley to Advisory Board
NEW YORK, March 22, 2018 /PRNewswire/ -- MaxMyInterest ("Max") – an intelligent cash management and optimization platform for individual investors and financial advisors – today announced J. Thomas Bradley Jr., retired president of retail distribution at TD Ameritrade, is appointed to serve on its Advisory Board.
Bradley is a distinguished executive who brings more than three decades of experience serving financial advisors and their clients. After starting with TD Ameritrade in 1986 as a broker, he became president of the institutional business in 2000 and president of retail distribution in 2012, before retiring in 2017. He has received numerous awards for his work from industry publications, universities, and trade associations, including Investment Advisor Magazine and the National Association of Personal Financial Advisors.
"We are honored to have Tom Bradley, one of the most respected and innovative executives in the wealth management industry, join our esteemed board of advisors," said Max founder and CEO, Gary Zimmerman . "Tom's experience in scaling retail and institutional businesses will help support our plans for substantial growth, and his commitment to doing what's best for the client is in keeping with our company's values and culture. We look forward to benefitting from Tom's expertise and energy as we continue to expand and refine Max's offerings for financial advisors."
"I'm thrilled to be appointed to Max's advisory board. The company's mission to maximize the yield on client cash within FDIC limits is quite simple, yet incredibly compelling for advisors and their clients," said Max advisory board member Tom Bradley . "In today's increasingly competitive market, Max helps advisors provide more holistic advice while growing their business, and as a Max customer, I can personally attest to the value of the platform."
Bradley joins an advisory board comprised of experts in finance, business strategy, information technology and security, and law. Max's existing advisory board members include Professor Jan Rivkin , the C. Ronald Christensen professor of business administration and senior associate dean for research at Harvard Business School; Dr. Gary McGraw , vice president of security technology at Synopsys; Andrew Klaber , a partner at investment-management firm Paulson & Co.; and Andrew Hecht , an entrepreneur and corporate attorney who serves as outside general counsel to Max.
About MaxMyInterest
MaxMyInterest ("Max"), a service of Six Trees Capital LLC, offers a suite of tools for financial advisors that enable individuals to earn dramatically higher yields on cash. Max automatically works to help ensure deposits earn the highest yield possible while remaining FDIC-insured. Today, Max members can earn up to 1.61% on FDIC-insured cash, compared to the national savings average of 0.09%. Learn more about Max's solutions for self-directed investors at MaxMyInterest.com or for financial advisors at MaxForAdvisors.com .
View original content with multimedia: http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/maxmyinterest-appoints-tom-bradley-to-advisory-board-300618040.html
SOURCE MaxMyInterest | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
-- Bond Trading Hampered as Buyers Retreat to Crowded Exits
The lowest volumes for U.S.
corporate-bond trading since 2008 are underscoring the potential
for market disruptions as regulations prompt dealers to retreat. August trading volumes have plummeted to a daily average of
$14.1 billion, down 9 percent from the corresponding period last
year, even as the amount of company debt outstanding has soared
by 12 percent. Bonds have lost 5 percent since the end of April
on the Bank of America Merrill Lynch U.S. Corporate Index, the
worst stretch since the credit crisis as the Federal Reserve
considers curtailing its record stimulus. Exiting from fixed-income securities is getting tougher as
the world’s biggest bond dealers respond to new capital
standards, reducing inventories of the debt by 76 percent since
the peak in 2007. Even as lenders from Goldman Sachs Group Inc.
to UBS AG create electronic-trading platforms, investors are
failing to find relief from waning liquidity, according to a
July report by the Treasury Borrowing Advisory Committee. “You’ve got to be very wary of getting into a crowded
position,” Stephen Antczak, the head of U.S. credit strategy at
Citigroup Inc. in New York, said in a telephone interview. “If
everybody has the same mandate, who’s going to take the other
side of the trade? If far more guys are mark-to-market sensitive
than they used to be and you overlay the lack of liquidity, that
kind of exacerbates the problem.” Basel Committee Investors are souring on the debt after pouring almost $950
billion into corporate-bond mutual and exchange-traded funds in
the wake of Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc.’s collapse in 2008,
when the Fed started expanding its balance sheet to suppress
borrowing costs, Citigroup data show. The unprecedented growth of funds that publish market
prices of their assets daily has changed the dynamic of credit
markets, with investors more inclined to redeem funds as
sentiment deteriorates, Antczak said. The funds now account for
more than 40 percent of the debt’s owners from about 25 percent
in 2007, Citigroup data show. While the biggest banks used to provide a cushion from
plunging debt values, they’re less willing to fill that role
after the 27-country Basel Committee on Banking Supervision
raised minimum capital standards, boosting the cost of owning
riskier assets. Default Swaps “You can see the price swings being correlated to flows,
with inflows and outflows showing up real time in performance,”
said Jeff Meli, co-head of fixed-income, currencies and
commodities research at Barclays Plc in New York. “The dealer
community buffered against those swings at one point and they
aren’t there anymore.” Elsewhere in credit markets, the cost of protecting
corporate debt from default in the U.S. rose, with the Markit
CDX North American Investment Grade Index, which investors use
to hedge against losses or to speculate on creditworthiness,
increasing 1.2 basis points to a mid-price of 83.4 basis points
as of 11:35 a.m. in New York , according to prices compiled by
Bloomberg. The measure typically rises as investor confidence
deteriorates and falls as it improves. Credit-default swaps pay
the buyer face value if a borrower fails to meet its
obligations, less the value of the defaulted debt. A basis point
equals $1,000 annually on a contract protecting $10 million of
debt. Rate Swaps The U.S. two-year interest-rate swap spread, a measure of
debt market stress, climbed 0.13 basis point to 18.88 basis
points as of 11:36 a.m. in New York. The gauge widens when
investors seek the perceived safety of government securities and
narrows when they favor assets such as company debentures. Bonds of Petroleo Brasileiro SA are the most actively
traded dollar-denominated corporate securities by dealers today,
accounting for 4.2 percent of the volume of dealer trades of $1
million or more as of 11:38 a.m. in New York, according to
Trace, the bond-price reporting system of the Financial Industry
Regulatory Authority. Daily trading volumes in high-yield bonds have decreased to
$4.3 billion on average this month through Aug. 19, compared
with $5 billion in the corresponding period in 2012, Trace data
show. Investment-grade (NTMBIV) volumes fell to $9.8 billion from $10.5
billion. The decline marks a reversal from the first five months of
this year, when average trading volumes for debt of corporate
borrowers from the riskiest to the most creditworthy of $19.4
billion were 8 percent higher than last year’s pace. Fund Outflows While market turnover has, if anything, increased since the
financial crisis, “liquidity is about much more than turnover”
and has the “tendency to disappear abruptly when really
needed,” according to a presentation to the Treasury Borrowing
Advisory Committee that sought to assess liquidity in the fixed-income market. Buyers pulled $7.4 billion from investment-grade funds in
July, Bank of America Corp. data show, after Fed Chairman Ben S.
Bernanke said the central bank could start curtailing the
current pace of debt buying if growth is in line with central
bank estimates. The Fed will likely reduce the central bank’s
$85 billion in monthly bond purchases next month, according to
65 percent of economists surveyed by Bloomberg. A 2.8 percent loss this year on dollar-denominated
corporate debt compares with a 7.1 percent gain in the
corresponding period last year, Bank of America Merrill Lynch
index data show. $5.3 Trillion Corporate borrowers racing to lock in borrowing costs that
averaged 4.3 percent as of Aug. 19, compared with a 10-year
average of 5.82 percent, have sold $975 billion of the debt this
year, expanding the size of the market to $5.3 trillion,
according to Bloomberg and Bank of America data. BlackRock Inc.’s $17.8 billion investment-grade bond ETF
has eliminated 7.3 million shares this month, equal to about
$825.6 million, data compiled by Bloomberg show. Its $14.6
billion high-yield ETF reported an outflow of 3.6 million of
shares on Aug. 19, the biggest daily withdrawal on record. “We expect outflows to accelerate,” Bank of America
credit strategists led by Hans Mikkelsen in New York wrote in an
Aug. 19 report. “With poor summer liquidity and hedging needs
we retain our hedge against a disorderly rotation with wider
credit spreads.” Wall Street dealers traditionally act as middlemen by
warehousing bonds until customers seek to buy them. That model
is changing as U.S. and international rules meant to make the
banking system safer have prompted dealers to cut the amount of
debt they hold. Risk Concentration The 21 primary dealers that do business directly with the
Fed reduced their balance sheets to $56 billion at the end of
March from $235 billion in October 2007, New York Fed data show.
They were holding $7.9 billion of investment-grade bonds as of
Aug. 7, Fed data shows , about 0.2 percent of the market for the
dollar-denominated notes. That’s led to a concentration of credit risk in funds that
take bullish positions on corporate debt, leading to more of a
one-sided market than in the past, Citigroup credit strategists
led by Antczak wrote in a report this month. Goldman Sachs spent a year developing an electronic trading
system for corporate bonds called GSessions that started
operating in 2012. UBS, Switzerland ’s biggest bank, has directed
more debt trading onto its Price Improvement Network, which lets
customers directly post prices with a so-called order-book model
where bids and offers are shown before the trade. While there’s been “massive growth” in electronic price
inquiries, much of it is small in size, leading to little extra
depth in trading, according to the Treasury Borrowing Advisory
Committee report. “Liquidity has deteriorated overall,” Barclays’ Meli
said. “Transaction costs remain high. In periods of low
liquidity, the cost of transaction goes up more than we used to
see in similar periods before 2011.” To contact the reporter on this story:
Lisa Abramowicz in New York at
labramowicz@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Alan Goldstein at
agoldstein5@bloomberg.net | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Íñigo Quintero
Íñigo Quintero Dolz del Castellar (born 12 December 2001) is a Spanish singer-songwriter. He is best known for his single "Si No Estás".
Biography
Quintero's parents come from the municipality of Pontedeume, where they currently run a pharmacy. He has seven siblings: Ana, Bosco, Carlos, Jaime, Jorge, Josemaría and Pablo. He studied at the Colegio de Fomento Peñarredonda in A Coruña.
He released his debut single "Si No Estás" in September 2022. The song garnered international attention about a year later through TikTok, reaching the top position on multiple national charts including Spain, Austria, France, Germany, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, and Switzerland, and peaked at fifth on the Billboard Global 200. On 23 October 2023 it became the world number one on Spotify, becoming the first track by a solo Spanish artist to achieve this. Quintero has since released three more singles: "Sobredosis", "Será por ti" and "Sin tiempo para bailar", all in 2023.
Singles
* "Si No Estás" (2022)
* "Sobredosis" (2023)
* "Será por ti" (2023)
* "Sin tiempo para bailar" (2023) | WIKI |
2022 Barcelona Open Banc Sabadell – Doubles
Kevin Krawietz and Andreas Mies defeated Wesley Koolhof and Neal Skupski in the final, 6–7(3–7), 7–6(7–5), [10–6] to win the doubles tennis title at the 2022 Barcelona Open.
Juan Sebastián Cabal and Robert Farah were the two-time defending champions, but they lost in the quarterfinals to Krawietz and Mies.
The tournament marked the final professional appearance of former doubles world No. 5 and ATP Finals champion David Marrero.
Seeds
• # 🇺🇸 Rajeev Ram / 🇬🇧 Joe Salisbury (first round)
• # 🇪🇸 Marcel Granollers / 🇦🇷 Horacio Zeballos (first round)
• # 🇩🇪 Tim Pütz / 🇳🇿 Michael Venus (withdrew)
• # 🇨🇴 Juan Sebastián Cabal / 🇨🇴 Robert Farah (quarterfinals)
Seeds
• # 🇧🇪 Sander Gillé / 🇧🇪 Joran Vliegen (qualifying competition, lucky losers)
• # 🇪🇸 Pedro Martínez / 🇮🇹 Lorenzo Sonego (first round, lucky losers)
Qualifiers
* 1) 🇫🇷 Ugo Humbert / 🇺🇸 Sebastian Korda
Lucky losers
• # 🇧🇪 Sander Gillé / 🇧🇪 Joran Vliegen
• # 🇪🇸 Pedro Martínez / 🇮🇹 Lorenzo Sonego | WIKI |
Barnes Dlamini
Barnes Dlamini is the president of the Swaziland Federation of Trade Unions (SFTU). Barnes was unanimously elected president at the SFTU congress in 2009, after having served at its vice president for four years. Barnes is also the president of the Swaziland United Democratic Front. | WIKI |
New York Islanders Force Game 7 against Washington Capitals | Breitbart
Captain John Tavares placed a lot of blame on himself for the Islanders' loss in Game 5 and boy did he make up for it in Game 6. He started with a wrist shot to put the team up 1-0. However, he received a very weak slashing penalty with a minute left in the period. Oh, the captain is in the sin bin! Time to capitalize! John Carlson ripped a shot past Jaroslav Halak with five seconds left in the period. The fans died down as the Capitals jumped in excitement. The goal brought life to the Capitals. The second period ended as soon as it started. Hits. Hard shots. Brutal. Each team received three penalties, including two roughing penalties on each side. Tensions ran high and the only ones with cool heads were the goalies. With the Islanders down, fans wondered if they watched the last game at the Nassau Coliseum. Nope! The Islanders were determined to win. The players were cleaner in the third with no penalties until the end (more on that in a bit), but it was still a ruthless period. Capitals captain Alex Ovechkin boarded Tavares, but it was a blessing in disguise for the Islanders. The puck moved away to Nick Leddy, who in turn passed it to Nikolay Kulemin. With a clean hit his shot whizzed past Holtby. And the crowd went wild. They quickly semi-forgot about the non-call on Ovechkin. The Capitals were frustrated and proved it with intense hits and shots. Halak stood his ground with help from the crossbar. Jay Beagle almost scored, but hit the crossbar. The puck went directly behind Halak, but sat right next to the goal line. The Capitals pulled Holtby, which allowed Cal Clutterbuck to seal the win with a minute left in the game. Frustrations boiled over when John Carlson shot the puck at Halak after the whistle blew to end the game. The Islanders, who owe everything to Halak, went after the Capitals to defend their goalie. Vice News describes it perfectly: Kyle Okposo roughed up Carlson and he was immediately swallowed up by the surrounding Capitals. Thomas Hickey and Marcus Johansson were vigorously hugging it out before Hickey went to the ice and Johansson started wailing on him. Everyone but the goalies got in on the act as a mix of boos, cheers, and beers rained from the stands. Oh, yeah, and a booming ass-hole chant. However, the Islanders fans lost their cool once again and threw items such as beer bottles on the ice. Hopefully, for their sake, it is not the last game at the Coliseum. That is not how any team or fan want the last game at a historic building to go down in history with pictures and videos of trash all over the ice. Here is the penalty summary for the third period: Game 7 is on Monday in Washington, D.C. Considering how this game ended it should be wild. SportsNew York IslandersNHLPlayoffsStanley CupWashington Capitals . Please let us know if you're having issues with commenting. Copyright 2019 Breitbart | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Venezuela's PDVSA announces oil spill in Anzoategui state
CARACAS, Nov 7 (Reuters) - Venezuela’s state oil company PDVSA said on Monday there had been an oil spill in central Anzoategui state and it was supplying drinking water to affected communities during an operation over a radius of 50 kilometers (31 miles). PDVSA said in a statement the leak occurred in a 36-inch (91 cm) pipeline in the locality of Santa Clara. PDVSA launched an operation to supply drinking water and protect local ecosystems, it added, giving no further details. An opposition lawmaker from Anzoategui, Jose Brito, said the leak occurred between Wednesday and Sunday and that 25,000 barrels had spilled, causing an “ecological disaster.” Blaming poor maintenance for the spill and saying security forces were blocking access to the area, Brito urged the opposition-led legislature to open an investigation. (Writing by Andrew Cawthorne; Editing by Alan Crosby) | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
You are here: DatabaseSQLCreator
SQLCreator
Generates FME features from the results of a SQL query against a database. One FME feature is created for each row of the results of the SQL Query.
Output Ports
Parameters
Usage Notes
Relationship to FeatureMerger
The FeatureMerger joins two datasets and uses a simple, single attribute key to match features. The FeatureMerger is also able to perform certain geometric operations on incoming features using its Merge Type parameter.
Relationship to InlineQuerier
The InlineQuerier can be thought of as the crafty cousin of the SQLCreator/SQLExecutor transformers, in that it allows the power of SQL to be applied to datasets originating from non-SQL capable data sources or disjoint SQL-capable sources.
If all the data to be queried already exists in a SQL-capable data source, it is always more efficient to use the SQLCreator or SQLExecutor, because this allows the queries and filtering of the data to be executed directly by the database before it enters the FME environment.
Relationship to Joiner
The Joiner is very useful and efficient when there exists a one-to-one or one-to-many relationship between data flowing through FME and data held within a database. If it can be used, the Joiner can be more efficient than using either the InlineQuerier or SQLCreator/SQLExecutor, provided that the Joiner key fields have indexes in the source database. The Joiner is simple to use and does not require any knowledge of SQL.
Example
Editing Transformer Parameters
Using a set of menu options, transformer parameters can be assigned by referencing other elements in the workspace. More advanced functions, such as an advanced editor and an arithmetic editor, are also available in some transformers. To access a menu of these options, click beside the applicable parameter. For more information, see Transformer Parameter Menu Options.
Transformer Categories
Database
Search FME Knowledge Center
Search for samples and information about this transformer on the FME Knowledge Center. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Application of homogenization theory to the study of trabecular bone mechanics
S. J. Hollister, David P Fyhrie, K. J. Jepsen, S. A. Goldstein
Research output: Contribution to journalArticle
128 Scopus citations
Abstract
It is generally accepted that the strength and stiffness of trabecular bone is strongly affected by trabecular microstructure. It has also been hypothesized that stress induced adaptation of trabecular bone is affected by trabecular tissue level stress and/or strain. At this time, however, there is no generally accepted (or easily accomplished) technique for predicting the effect of microstructure on trabecular bone apparent stiffness and strength or estimating tissue level stress or strain. In this paper, a recently developed mechanics theory specifically designed to analyze microstructured materials, called the homogenization theory, is presented and applied to analyze trabecular bone mechanics. Using the homogenization theory it is possible to perform microstructural and continuum analyses separately and then combine them in a systematic manner. Stiffness predictions from two different microstructural models of trabecular bone show reasonable agreement with experimental results, depending on metaphyseal region, (R2>0.5 for proximal humerus specimens, R2 <0.5 for distal femur and proximal tibia specimens). Estimates of both microstructural strain energy density (SED) and apparent SED show that there are large differences (up to 30 times) between apparent SED (as calculated by standard continuum finite element analyses) and the maximum microstructural or tissue SED. Furthermore, a strut and spherical void microstructure gave very different estimates of maximum tissue SED for the same bone volume fraction ( BV TV). The estimates from the spherical void microstructure are between 2 and 20 times greater than the strut microstructure at 10-20% BV TV.
Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)825-839
Number of pages15
JournalJournal of Biomechanics
Volume24
Issue number9
DOIs
StatePublished - 1991
Externally publishedYes
ASJC Scopus subject areas
• Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Application of homogenization theory to the study of trabecular bone mechanics'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
• Cite this | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Sectional curvature
In Riemannian geometry, the sectional curvature is one of the ways to describe the curvature of Riemannian manifolds. The sectional curvature K(σp) depends on a two-dimensional linear subspace σp of the tangent space at a point p of the manifold. It can be defined geometrically as the Gaussian curvature of the surface which has the plane σp as a tangent plane at p, obtained from geodesics which start at p in the directions of σp (in other words, the image of σp under the exponential map at p). The sectional curvature is a real-valued function on the 2-Grassmannian bundle over the manifold.
The sectional curvature determines the curvature tensor completely.
Definition
Given a Riemannian manifold and two linearly independent tangent vectors at the same point, u and v, we can define
* $$K(u,v)={\langle R(u,v)v,u\rangle\over \langle u,u\rangle\langle v,v\rangle-\langle u,v\rangle^2}$$
Here R is the Riemann curvature tensor, defined here by the convention $$R(u,v)w=\nabla_u\nabla_vw-\nabla_v\nabla_uw-\nabla_{[u,v]}w.$$ Some sources use the opposite convention $$R(u,v)w=\nabla_v\nabla_uw-\nabla_u\nabla_vw-\nabla_{[v,u]}w,$$ in which case K(u,v) must be defined with $$\langle R(u,v)u,v\rangle$$ in the numerator instead of $$\langle R(u,v)v,u\rangle.$$
Note that the linear independence of u and v forces the denominator in the above expression to be nonzero, so that K(u,v) is well-defined. In particular, if u and v are orthonormal, then the definition takes on the simple form
* $$K(u,v) = \langle R(u,v)v,u\rangle.$$
It is straightforward to check that if $$u,v\in T_pM$$ are linearly independent and span the same two-dimensional linear subspace of the tangent space $$T_pM$$ as $$x,y\in T_pM$$, then $$K(u,v)=K(x,y).$$ So one may consider the sectional curvature as a real-valued function whose input is a two-dimensional linear subspace of a tangent space.
Alternative definitions
Alternatively, the sectional curvature can be characterized by the circumference of small circles. Let $$P$$ be a two-dimensional plane in $$T_xM$$. Let $$C_P(r)$$ for sufficiently small $$r > 0$$ denote the image under the exponential map at $$p$$ of the unit circle in $$P$$, and let $$l_P(r)$$ denote the length of $$C_P(r)$$. Then it can be proven that
* $$l_P(r)=2\pi r \left(1-{r^2\over 6}\sigma(P)+O(r^3)\right),$$
as $$r \to 0$$, for some number $$\sigma(P)$$. This number $$\sigma(P)$$ at $$p$$ is the sectional curvature of $$P$$ at $$p$$.
Manifolds with constant sectional curvature
One says that a Riemannian manifold has "constant curvature $$\kappa$$" if $$\operatorname{sec}(P)=\kappa$$ for all two-dimensional linear subspaces $$P\subset T_pM$$ and for all $$p\in M.$$
The Schur lemma states that if (M,g) is a connected Riemannian manifold with dimension at least three, and if there is a function $$f:M\to\mathbb{R}$$ such that $$\operatorname{sec}(P)=f(p)$$ for all two-dimensional linear subspaces $$P\subset T_pM$$ and for all $$p\in M,$$ then f must be constant and hence (M,g) has constant curvature.
A Riemannian manifold with constant sectional curvature is called a space form. If $$\kappa$$ denotes the constant value of the sectional curvature, then the curvature tensor can be written as
* $$R(u,v)w=\kappa \big(\langle v,w\rangle u-\langle u,w\rangle v\big)$$
for any $$u,v,w\in T_pM.$$
Since any Riemannian metric is parallel with respect to its Levi-Civita connection, this shows that the Riemann tensor of any constant-curvature space is also parallel. The Ricci tensor is then given by $$\operatorname{Ric} = (n - 1)\kappa g$$ and the scalar curvature is $$n(n - 1)\kappa.$$ In particular, any constant-curvature space is Einstein and has constant scalar curvature.
The model examples
Given a positive number $$a,$$ define In the usual terminology, these Riemannian manifolds are referred to as Euclidean space, the n-sphere, and hyperbolic space. Here, the point is that each is a complete connected smooth Riemannian manifold with constant curvature. To be precise, the Riemannian metric $$g_{\mathbb{R}^n}$$ has constant curvature 0, the Riemannian metric $$g_{S^n(a)}$$ has constant curvature $$1/a^2,$$ and the Riemannian metric $$g_{H^n(a)}$$ has constant curvature $$-1/a^2.$$
* $$\left(\mathbb{R}^n, g_{\mathbb{R}^n}\right)$$ to be the standard Riemannian structure
* $$\left(S^n(a), g_{S^n(a)}\right)$$ to be the sphere $$S^n(a) \equiv \left\{x\in\mathbb{R}^{n+1}: |x| = a\right\}$$ with $$g_{S^n(a)}$$ given by the pullback of the standard Riemannian structure on $$\mathbb{R}^{n+1}$$ by the inclusion map $$S^n(a) \to \mathbb{R}^{n+1}$$
* $$\left(H^n(a), g_{H^n(a)}\right)$$ to be the ball $$H^n(a) \equiv \left\{x\in\mathbb{R}^n: |x| < a\right\}$$ with $$g_{H^n(a)} = a^2\frac{\bigl(a^2 - |x|{}^2\bigr)\left(dx_1^2 + \cdots + dx_n^2\right) - \left(x_1 dx_1 + \cdots + x_n dx_n\right)^2}{\bigl(a^2 - |x|{}^2\bigr)^2}.$$
Furthermore, these are the 'universal' examples in the sense that if $$(M, g)$$ is a smooth, connected, and simply-connected complete Riemannian manifold with constant curvature, then it is isometric to one of the above examples; the particular example is dictated by the value of the constant curvature of $$g,$$ according to the constant curvatures of the above examples.
If $$(M, g)$$ is a smooth and connected complete Riemannian manifold with constant curvature, but is not assumed to be simply-connected, then consider the universal covering space $$\pi:\widetilde{M}\to M$$ with the pullback Riemannian metric $$\pi^\ast g.$$ Since $$\pi$$ is, by topological principles, a covering map, the Riemannian manifold $$(\widetilde{M},\pi^\ast g)$$ is locally isometric to $$(M,g)$$, and so it is a smooth, connected, and simply-connected complete Riemannian manifold with the same constant curvature as $$g.$$ It must then be isometric one of the above model examples. Note that the deck transformations of the universal cover are isometries relative to the metric $$\pi^\ast g.$$
The study of Riemannian manifolds with constant negative curvature is called hyperbolic geometry.
Scaling
Let $$(M, g)$$ be a smooth manifold, and let $$\lambda$$ be a positive number. Consider the Riemannian manifold $$(M, \lambda g).$$ The curvature tensor, as a multilinear map $$T_pM\times T_pM\times T_pM\to T_pM,$$ is unchanged by this modification. Let $$v,w$$ be linearly independent vectors in $$T_pM$$. Then
* $$K_{\lambda g}(v, w) = \frac{\lambda g\left(R^{\lambda g}(v, w)w, v\right)}{|v|_{\lambda g}^2|w|_{\lambda g}^2 - \langle v, w \rangle\vphantom|_{\lambda g}^2} = \frac{1}{\lambda}\frac{g\left(R^g(v, w)w, v\right)}{|v|_g^2|w|_g^2 - \langle v, w \rangle\vphantom|_g^2} = \frac{1}{\lambda}K_g(v,w).$$
So multiplication of the metric by $$\lambda$$ multiplies all of the sectional curvatures by $$\lambda^{-1}.$$
Toponogov's theorem
Toponogov's theorem affords a characterization of sectional curvature in terms of how "fat" geodesic triangles appear when compared to their Euclidean counterparts. The basic intuition is that, if a space is positively curved, then the edge of a triangle opposite some given vertex will tend to bend away from that vertex, whereas if a space is negatively curved, then the opposite edge of the triangle will tend to bend towards the vertex.
More precisely, let M be a complete Riemannian manifold, and let xyz be a geodesic triangle in M (a triangle each of whose sides is a length-minimizing geodesic). Finally, let m be the midpoint of the geodesic xy. If M has non-negative curvature, then for all sufficiently small triangles
* $$d(z,m)^2 \ge \tfrac12 d(z,x)^2 + \tfrac12 d(z,y)^2 - \tfrac14 d(x,y)^2$$
where d is the distance function on M. The case of equality holds precisely when the curvature of M vanishes, and the right-hand side represents the distance from a vertex to the opposite side of a geodesic triangle in Euclidean space having the same side-lengths as the triangle xyz. This makes precise the sense in which triangles are "fatter" in positively curved spaces. In non-positively curved spaces, the inequality goes the other way:
* $$d(z,m)^2 \le \tfrac12 d(z,x)^2 + \tfrac12 d(z,y)^2 - \tfrac14 d(x,y)^2.$$
If tighter bounds on the sectional curvature are known, then this property generalizes to give a comparison theorem between geodesic triangles in M and those in a suitable simply connected space form; see Toponogov's theorem. Simple consequences of the version stated here are:
* A complete Riemannian manifold has non-negative sectional curvature if and only if the function $$f_p(x) = \operatorname{dist}^2(p,x)$$ is 1-concave for all points p.
* A complete simply connected Riemannian manifold has non-positive sectional curvature if and only if the function $$f_p(x) = \operatorname{dist}^2(p,x)$$ is 1-convex.
Manifolds with non-positive sectional curvature
In 1928, Élie Cartan proved the Cartan–Hadamard theorem: if M is a complete manifold with non-positive sectional curvature, then its universal cover is diffeomorphic to a Euclidean space. In particular, it is aspherical: the homotopy groups $$\pi_i(M)$$ for i ≥ 2 are trivial. Therefore, the topological structure of a complete non-positively curved manifold is determined by its fundamental group. Preissman's theorem restricts the fundamental group of negatively curved compact manifolds. The Cartan–Hadamard conjecture states that the classical isoperimetric inequality should hold in all simply connected spaces of non-positive curvature, which are called Cartan-Hadamard manifolds.
Manifolds with positive sectional curvature
Little is known about the structure of positively curved manifolds. The soul theorem implies that a complete non-compact non-negatively curved manifold is diffeomorphic to a normal bundle over a compact non-negatively curved manifold. As for compact positively curved manifolds, there are two classical results:
* It follows from the Myers theorem that the fundamental group of such a manifold is finite.
* It follows from the Synge theorem that the fundamental group of such a manifold in even dimensions is 0, if orientable and $$\mathbb Z_2$$ otherwise. In odd dimensions a positively curved manifold is always orientable.
Moreover, there are relatively few examples of compact positively curved manifolds, leaving a lot of conjectures (e.g., the Hopf conjecture on whether there is a metric of positive sectional curvature on $$\mathbb S^2 \times \mathbb S^2$$). The most typical way of constructing new examples is the following corollary from the O'Neill curvature formulas: if $$(M, g)$$ is a Riemannian manifold admitting a free isometric action of a Lie group G, and M has positive sectional curvature on all 2-planes orthogonal to the orbits of G, then the manifold $$M/G$$ with the quotient metric has positive sectional curvature. This fact allows one to construct the classical positively curved spaces, being spheres and projective spaces, as well as these examples :
* The Berger spaces $$B^7=SO(5)/SO(3)$$ and $$B^{13}=SU(5)/\operatorname{Sp}(2) \cdot \mathbb S^1$$.
* The Wallach spaces (or the homogeneous flag manifolds): $$W^6=SU(3)/T^2$$, $$W^{12}=\operatorname{Sp}(3)/\operatorname{Sp}(1)^3$$ and $$W^{24}=F_4/\operatorname{Spin}(8)$$.
* The Aloff–Wallach spaces $$W^7_{p,q} = SU(3)/\operatorname{diag}\left(z^p, z^q, \overline{z}^{p+q}\right)$$.
* The Eschenburg spaces $$E_{k,l} = \operatorname{diag}\left(z^{k_1}, z^{k_2}, z^{k_3}\right)\backslash SU(3)/\operatorname{diag}\left(z^{l_1}, z^{l_2}, z^{l_3}\right)^{-1}.$$
* The Bazaikin spaces $$B^{13}_p = \operatorname{diag}\left(z_1^{p_1}, \dots, z_1^{p_5}\right)\backslash U(5)/\operatorname{diag}(z_2 A, 1)^{-1}$$, where $$A\in \operatorname{Sp}(2)\subset SU(4)$$.
Manifolds with non-negative sectional curvature
Cheeger and Gromoll proved their soul theorem which states that any non-negatively curved complete non-compact manifold $$M$$ has a totally convex compact submanifold $$S$$ such that $$M$$ is diffeomorphic to the normal bundle of $$S$$. Such an $$S$$ is called the soul of $$M$$. In particular, this theorem implies that $$M$$ is homotopic to its soul $$S$$ which has the dimension less than $$M$$. | WIKI |
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