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Payal Nagre was born in Pune, Maharashtra, Payal Nagre stay with her family in Pune. She studied her schooling at Huzurpaga Girls High School and Junior College, Pune and she studied her college education from Nowrosjee Wadia College, Pune.
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Payal Nagre began her career as a actor in 2009 with marathi serial Anadmahima (For Sahyadri). In the year, she acted as lead actor in her first marathi film todfod in 2010. after the her career started with Marathi serials, Marathi Film and Marathi Plays.
She has acted in marathi serials Anadmahima (For Sahyadri), Chakwa and Lakshya. She appeared in the period marathi plays Darling Darling, Avdhya and Bayko Asunhi Shejari also acted as Lead role and Directed a award winning short film Lights off. She got a award for best direction by women for Lights Off marathi short film based on a social subject in 2019. She acted in Marathi Films Todfod Marathi Film, Sttadhish The Real Game , Palvi , Mamta Hindi Film , Premasathi Coming Soon , Resort No.212 Marathi Horror Film, Ajunhi Vel Geleli Nahi and Wanted Bayko No.1. along with these projects she has acted in webseries also Syringe Killer. | WIKI |
Jonah Laulu
Jonah Laulu (born June 30, 2000) is an American football defensive tackle for the Indianapolis Colts of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Hawaii Rainbow Warriors and the Oklahoma Sooners.
College career
Laulu was a member of Hawaii's scout team in 2018. At the conclusion of the season, he was named the scout team defensive MVP. In 2021, Laulu amassed 34 tackles, eight tackles for loss, and four sacks, before transferring to the University of Oklahoma to play for the Oklahoma Sooners.
In his first season with Oklahoma, Laulu recorded 5.5 tackles for loss, 1.5 sacks, and an interception. Entering the 2023 season, he switched positions, becoming a defensive tackle. In his final collegiate season, Laulu made three starts, totaling 11 tackles, three tackles for loss, and a sack.
Professional career
Laulu was drafted 234th overall by the Indianapolis Colts in the 2024 NFL Draft. | WIKI |
George W. Connitt et al. v. The Reformed Protestant Dutch Church, of New Prospect et al.
(General Term, Third Department,
June, 1871.)
The relationship of pastor and people in the church known as “ The Reformed Church, in America,” is purely ecclesiastical; Its ecclesiastical-tribunals alone have cognizance of it.
The contract between a particular church of this denomination, and the' pastor, thereof, is conditional, and dependent upon the ecclesiastical relationship.
A contract between such a church and its minister, for the services of the latter, at a stipulated salary, based upon the fact of its subordination to the rules of church government, as established by the denomination, is subject to the ecclesiastical rule of the church; anda decree of the authorized church tribunal; dissolving the pastoral relation between the minister and his church, severs that relation, and annuls the contract of employment.
An appeal from a subordinate to a higher tribunal of the church, waives objection to the decree of the latter, for want of jurisdiction.
A written declination; signed by several members of-the consistory, or board of church officers, publicly read-in presence of the congregation, by which they decline to act further, as such officers, under the then present pastor of the church, succeeded by acts on the part of the remaining officers, of the authorities of the church, and of the officers declining, showing that the declination was notintendedasaresígnation; though the' officers declining ceased to act; for the time, there being no act or conduct on the part of the corporation, or any of its members, or authorities, accepting it as such, until after the pastor had ceased to be such, and the declining members had resumed their duties as officers, is not to be construed as a resignation. Subsequent action of thé consistory, in which the declining members being a majority thereof, participated, is regular, and binding upon the church.
This case came before the. court upon a case made and submitted, under section 372 of the Code.
The defendant, the Reformed Dutch Church, of hfew Prospect, located at Shawangunk, in Ulster county, was organized as a religious corporation under the laws of this State, and was attached to the Reformed Dutch Church (now Reformed Church) in America.
Each church of the denomination is, by the constitution of the denomination, under the control and management of a board of officers, consisting ordinarily of eight persons, being elders and deacons, and of the minister of the church, if any, and together constituting the consistory, or trustees, of the church.
The elders and deacons have each an equal voice in all that relates to the temporalities of the church, to the calling of a minister, and the choice of their own successors; and a majority of the consistory constitutes a quorum for the transaction of business. The consistories have the right of calling ministers for their own congregation; but the call must, in all eases, before presentation to the minister, be approved by the classis, a higher body of officers.
The constitution also provides that the ecclesiastical assem - blies which shall be maintained in the Reformed Church are three in number: 1st, Consistorial; 2d, Classical; 3d, Synodical ; that in these assemblies ecclesiastical matters only shall be transacted. The classis has the same jurisdiction over a consistory that a particular synod has over the classis, and a general over a particular synod. The classes have cognizance of whatever respects the welfare of their particular churches, for the management of which the consistory may be incompetent. It has, however, to approve or disapprove of calls to ministers, also of the ordaining, suspending and deposing of them, or of dismissing them when called elsewhere. An individual, conceiving himself aggrieved by the decision of a lower judicatory, may appeal therefrom to the judgment of a higher judicatory. A classis consists of all the ministers and an elder designated from each consistory within the bounds prescribed by the particular synod.
The plaintiff Connitt was regularly called and settled as minister over the church of New Prospect, at an annual salary, together with use of the parsonage belonging to the church; the call was in the usual form used by the churches of the denomination, and set forth, substantially, that whereas the church was destitute of the preaching of the word and regular administration of the ordinances, and was well satisfied of the qualifications of George W. Connitt, therefore, the consistory of the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church of New Prospect had resolved to call, and hereby called the said G. W. C., to be pastor and teacher, &c., “to fulfill the whole work of the gospel ministry, agreeably to the word of God and the excellent rules and constitution of our Reformed Protestant Dutch Church, established in the last national synod held at Dordrecht, and ratified and explained by the ecclesiastical judicatory under which all stand, and to which you, in accepting this call, must, with us, remain subordinate.” (For full form of the call in tins case, see Dutch Church of Albany v. Bradford, 8 Cow., 459.)
In October, 1868, six of the eight members of consistory, with four other members of the church, presented a communication to the classis of Orange, to which the church of New Prospect was attached, praying that the pastoral relation between the plaintiff Connitt and the church might be dissolved ; upon this petition, which presented, as grounds for the request, the embarrassed and divided condition of the church, a prevailing dissatisfaction therein, and suffering state of its temporal and spiritual welfare, and that the church could not longer be sustained under the pastoral care of the plaintiff Connitt. The classis took proceedings resulting ultimately in a resolution dissolving the pastoral relation, as prayed by the petition, which resolution bore date May 3, 1869. From this resolution or decree Mr. Connitt appealed, and refused to withdraw from the church or suspend the exercise of his pastoral duties. New charges were prefered, involving his insubordination to the decrees of classis, and other acts alleged regarding his persistence in. exercising the duties of the office of pastor in the church of New Prospect. Upon these charges he was tried by classis, and was suspended by resolution of September 29, 1869, from the exercise of the office of the ministry. From this resolution an appeal was also taken by Mr. Connitt, as well as from a resolution of classis requiring him to surrender the keys of the church, minutes of consistory, &e. The appeal from the resolution of May 3, 1869, was heard by the particular synod, and the action of the classis sustained thereby; and, upon a further appeal to the general synod, it was also sustained. The other appeals were withdrawn. The questions presented by the case are stated in the opinion of the court.
A stipulation was contained in the case, that judgment should be rendered against either or any of the parties, in conformity with the findings upon the questions presented, for the surrender of possession of the corporate property to the parties adjudged to be the consistory, and for a reference to settle amounts awarded, &c., &e.
T. H. Westbroo7c, for the plaintiff.
M. &7ioonmaJcer, for the defendant.
Present—Potter, P. J. Parker and Learned, JJ.
By the Court
Parker, J.
The pastoral relation between plaintiff Connitt and defendant, the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church, of New Prospect, -was dissolved by the classis of Orange, on the 3d day of May, 1869.
This action of the classis, upon appeal by Mr. Connitt, lias been affirmed by the particular synod of New "Fork, and the general synod, which is the highest judicatory of the Reformed Church, in America.
Upon the question, “Is the Rev. George W. Connitt still the pastor of the church of New Prospect ? ” which is the first of those submitted to us, we must, I think, be governed by those decisions.
The relationship of pastor and people is, in the reformed church, purely ecclesiastical; and the ecclesiastical tribunals alone have cognizance of it. The civil contract is, necessarily, a conditional one, dependent upon the existence and continuance of the ecclesiastical relation.
In speaking of ecclesiastical tribunals, I do not. mean to imply the existence of any such tribunals, in the sense in which they are known to the English law, but merely existing judicatories, known to the several religious denominations in this country.
The church of New Prospect is attached to the religions denomination known as the “Reformed Ohurch, in America,” and is under the ecclesiastical order and government of said church. The call, pursuant to which Mr. Connitt became the pastor of the church of New Prospect, is based upon that fact; and the undertaking of the consistory of that church to pay him a salary of $800, per year, and allow him the use of the parsonage, so long as he shall “ continue the minister of the church,” is in subserviency to the ecclesiastical rule; and the continuance of the relationship between him and the church, is dependent upon the administration of such rule by the ecclesiastical judicatories. All this follows from the call itself, its acceptance, and the then existing relation of Mr. Connitt and the church of New Prospect to the Dutch reformed church, as organized in this country.
While the civil courts have jurisdiction over the civil contract, by which Mr. Connitt is entitled to his salary, and the use of the parsonage, they have no jurisdiction over the relation of pastor and people, and cannot lengthen or abridge its con tinuance.
We cannot fail to see, I think, that in this case the pastoral relation established between Mr. Connitt and the church of Hew Prospect, was as purely ecclesiastical as that in which he stood as minister in the Reformed Church, of America. His rights and duties as minister, and as pastor, were ecclesiastical, not civil; and the" ecclesiastical tribunals of the Reformed Church, of America, alone could suspend or depose him from the ministry, or dissolve the relation which existed between him and the church, as pastor and people. His duties as minister, when placed over this church, were of a character peculiarly within the cognizance of the authorities of the church organization to which he belonged, and were to be performed in pursuance of the rules and usages of that organization; as minister and pastor he was amenable to no other organization; and such organization, through its different instrumentalities, consistories, classes, and synods, had entire control of both pastor and people in all ecclesiastical matters. The secular courts have no jurisdiction over the ecclesiastical rights of either pastor or people, and neither can resort to those courts for the protection or enforcement of such rights.
The fact that the civil contract is subsidiary to this relation, does not serve to bring this within the jurisdiction of the civil authorities. Hothing in the case of Austin v. Searing (16 N. Y. R., 112), relied upon by plaintiff, warrants the conclusion that it does. The doctrine of that case is, that the civil courts will not recognize the adjudications of voluntary associations, upon the property rights of the members of such associations.
How, inasmuch as the relation in question is not a civil one, dependent upon municipal law, but wholly ecclesiastical, and wholly dependent upon ecclesiastical rule, and its administration, by the church judicatories, it is not for this court to review the decisions and judgments of such church judicatories. Over them, and the administration of their rules and usages, we have no jurisdiction. Ho civil right is infringed by them in dissolving the pastoral relation. Mr. Connitt has no right to the continuance of such relation, cognizable in the civil courts, and, consequently, any wrong done him by the church courts, in its dissolution, is not one cognizable by the civil courts, either in an original or appellate proceeding. The rights to salary, &c., it is true, is, by contract, made dependent upon the continuance of the pastoral relation. But this does not bring such continuance within the cognizance of the civil courts. They can inquire only into the fact of the continuance. The relation is, nevertheless, controlled by the ecclesiastical authorities; and the fact of their dissolution of it is conclusive.
Upon principle, this view seems to me the only logical and correct one. As was wisely remarked in the opinion of the Supreme Court of Illinois, in the case of Chase v. Cheney (10 Am. Law Reg., 303, N. S.), delivered by Thobnton, J., Our Constitution provides that the free exercise and enjoyment of religious professions and worship, ¿ without discrimination, shall forever be guaranteed.’ * * * The Constitution intended to guarantee, from all interference by the State, not only each man’s religious faith, but his membership in the church, and the rites and discipline which might bo adopted. The only exception to uncontrolled liberty is, that acts of licentiousness shall not be excused, and practices inconsistent with the peace and safety of the State shall not be justified. Freedom of religious profession and worship cannot be maintained if the civil courts trench upon the domains of the church, construe its canons and rules, dictate its discipline, and regulate its trials. The larger portion of the Christian world has always recognized the truth of the declaration, a church without discipline must become, if not already, a church without religion.’ It is as much a delusion to confer religious liberty without the right to make and enforce rules and canons, as to create a government with no power to punish offenders. * * * The civil courts will interfere with churches, or religious associations, when rights of property or civil rights are involved. But they will not reverse the decisions of associations upon ecclesiastical matters, merely to ascertain their jurisdiction.” This view I regard as in entire consonance with the current of authority on the subject in this State.
The case of The Dutch Reformed Church of Albany v. Bradford (8 Cow., 457), decided by the Court for the Correction of Errors of this State, fully sustains the view above .taken.
In that case, Dr. Bradford, the pastor of the Dutch Reformed Church of Albany, sued for his salary. The. defendant set up, in defence, his suspension from the ministry by the proper church judicatories; which defence was overruled by the Supreme Court, and the case was taken by writ of error to the Court for the Correction of Errors, where the judgment was reversed.
The suspension of Dr. Bradford, by the church judicatories, from the ministry, was held by the court of review, in that case, conclusive upon the civil courts. Senator Cbaby, one of those voting for the reversal of the judgment of the Supreme' Court, in delivering his opinion, says: “ Questions arising between pastors and people must principally depend upon the regulations adopted for the government of each particular church and denomination. These tribunals may be considered as the choice of those subjected to their jurisdiction; and, when parties appear and litigate before them, common-law .courts are bound to respect their proceedings.”
In this view, both the majority and minority in that case concur. Chancellor Jones, who voted to affirm the judgment of the Supreme Court, in his opinion, said, in reference to the questions between the pastor and his people: The matter could not be drawn into the courts of law, or made the subject of judicial cognizance. If the accused was guilty of the charge [drunkenness], his sentence was to be pronounced by the classis, and could only be reviewed by a higher judicatory. * * * Courts of law do not interfere with the discipline of -the church, or the punishment of ministers, or the sentences of ecclesiastical authorities; and if the right of the defendant in error to the salary for which he sues has been lost to him, it must be the sentence of the classis which has produced that effect, and the plaintiffs in error must rest upon that sentence alone for the support of their defence to the action at law.” ■ The exclusive power of the church courts over the question decided by them, to wit, the suspension of Dr. Bradford from the exercise of his ministerial duties, was assumed by the parties and the members of the court; but whether such suspension, under the contract for the salary, which, as in the case at bar, was to continue as long as Dr. Bradford continued the minister of the church, deprived him thereof or not, was the subject on which the parties and members of the court differed; it being held by the majority that, by the suspension, he ceased, within the meaning of the contract, to be their minister.
It is said, on behalf of the plaintiff, that, in the case just cited, the minister was tried for an offence, and found guilty, while, in the case at bar, no offence is charged against the plaintiff. This difference does not, I think, affect the question under examination. In each case, the ecclesiastical tribunals having jurisdiction of the subject pronounced their judgment in respect to it. In each case the parties submitted them selves to the judgment of such tribunals. For, though it is said that, in the case at bar, there was no trial by the classis, and it had no jurisdiction of the person of the plaintiff, still, granting that there was no summoning of the plaintiff by the classis to a trial or hearing, yet, if there was any defect of personal jurisdiction in the classis, the plaintiff, by appealing to the particular and general synods, submitted himself to the jurisdiction of those courts, and their judgments are not void, but binding and conclusive upon him.
In Robertson v. Bullions (9 Barb., 64), defendant Bullions had been deposed by the presbytery, from the ministry, but, with the assent of the trustees of the society, and a large part of the church and congregation, still continued to officiate as pastor of the church, and to exclude other ministers sent by the presbytery to officiate in the church edifice. Plaintiffs filed a bill for relief, setting forth his deposition, and praying, among other things, that he might be restrained from officiating as minister; and the trustees, from permitting him to do so in the church edifice, and from using the property of the society for his support. He set up in his answer, that, although he was deposed by the presbytery, such presbytery was not legally constituted; that he was absent, and not legally notified ; that the act was that of a minority. Upon the subject of his deposition, the court say: Much was said on the argument respecting the manner of his deposition from the ministry. It is contended, among other things, that the act of the presbytery was irregular and void, not only because it was by a minority of the ministers composing it, a ministerial majority being necessary, but because the four clerical members remaining, after the votes of four others had been rejected, were the accusers of Dr. Bullions in the case. It is also insisted that he could, and did protest against their authority and appeal, and thus suspend their powers. * * * * This argument, perhaps, under the peculiar circumstances of this case, would be apposite, were it not for the appeal to the synod, by Dr. Bullions himself, which was not sustained. * * * * I do not see how we can look beyond the decision of the synod. * * * *■ Dr. Bullions himself took the case to the synod; and the deposition of a minister is purely an ecclesiastical matter, though the effect of that deposition upon civil rights is quite another thing. The church judicatories had power to depose him, but they could not sequester the property of the congregation. * * * * Our courts have, as we have seen, declared that such dissolution of the connection between pastor and flock, discharges the civil contract.” The result was, that by the decree granted, the defendants were restrained from using the temporalities of the corporation for the support of Dr. B.’s ministry, as long as he should be under sentence of deposition. This judgment was subsequently affirmed by the Court of Appeals (1 Kern., 243).
The case of Chase v. Cheney (supra) fully sustains the view above taken. A minority of the court in that ease dissents from that portion of the opinion of the court, holding the conclusivenoss of the judgment of the ecclesiastical court upon ecclesiastical matters. But even the view of the minority would sustain the decision of the ecclesiastical courts in this case. “We concede,” they say, “that when a spiritual court has once heen organized in conformity with the rules of the denomination of which it forms a part, and where it has jurisdiction of the parties and the subject-matter, its subsequent action, in the administration of spiritual discipline, will not be reviewed by the secular courts.” Although I am inclined to agree with the court in that case, that when no other right is involved than the clerical office, (or any other right merely ecclesiastical), the decision of the ecclesiastical court, even as to its own jurisdiction, under the canons of the association, is conclusive ; yet in the case at bar, as already intimated, the ecclesiastical courts, against whose judgments Mr. Connitt claimed to be pastor of the church of Hew Prospect, had undoubted jurisdiction, both of the subject-matter, and, so far as synods are concerned, of the parties; and, I think, the learned counsel of the plaintiffs is in error, in insisting that there was, under the constitution of the church, a want of jurisdiction, because by the amendment of 1809, the right of the classis to dissolve the pastoral relation, on the ground of expediency, was taken away. The classis, nevertheless, had jurisdiction of the subject-matter, the pastoral relation, and its continuance or dissolution. If it erred in dissolving such relation, placing its judgment upon the ground that the good of the church required it, still it is not for this court to interfere with such judgment, and pronounce it invalid. The synods to which the plaintiff appealed, and to whose judgment he submitted himself, and the question at issue, having affirmed the judgment of the classis, I think, upon this question, such judgment is conclusive, both upon the parties and this court.
As to the first question submitted to us, then, I am of the opinion that Mr. Oonnitt is not the pastor of the church of Hew Prospect, and that he ceased to be such pastor on the 3d day of May, 1869, when the decree of the classis, dissolving the pastoral relation, was made.
To the second question, viz., “ Is George W. Connitt entitled to any salary as pastor of said church since the 3d day of May, 1869, and, if so, to what date?” the answer follows, that he is not entitled to any salary since May 3, 1869.
The third question is, “ Which of the parties are now the consistory of said church ?”
This is a question of some doubt; but I am inclined to think that the individual defendants, David Parliman and the seven others who claim with him to be such consistory, are the legal consistory of the church.
Unless the action of the six members, who publicly refused to act as elders and deacons of the church under the then pastor, amounted to a resignation by them, and I think it did not, there can be no doubt that defendants are the true consistory. The paper signed by them and read publicly in church on the 24th of January, 1869, is as follows: “ We, the undersigned, members of the consistory of the Reformed Church of New Prospect, under the existing troubles in our church, do decline, from this time forth, to act as elders and deacons under the present pastor.”
This was not taken, either by the pastor, or the residue of the consistory, or the church, or the classis, to which the recusants were presented for discipline for their recusancy, as a resignation, but merely as a dereliction of duty. Manifestly, the recusants themselves did not regard it as a resignation, for, on the 20th of April following, they, as elders and deacons of the church, presented to the classis a statement or representation concerning the condition of the church, praying a dissolution of the relation between the pastor and people. There was also, in effect, an utter refusal to accept the resignation. The pastor sought the assistance of the classis to compel a quorum of the consistory to attend its meetings; and classis did reprehend that refusal to perform their official duties, and recommend to them their resumption. They did thereupon again enter upon the performance of their duties, as members of the consistory; and it was not until several weeks later, and after the dissolution of the pastoral relation, that Mr. Connitt and one member of the consistory proceeded to declare the offices of those six members vacant, and to elect persons to fill enough of them to constitute a quorum.
This action of Mr. Connitt and one member of the consistory was, if I am correct in holding that there was no resignation by the six, wholly void. But, irrespective of that question, as Mr. C. was no longer pastor, and, therefore, no longer a member df the consistory, the action of the two was not the action of the consistory, and, therefore, was wholly nugatory and void. And in neither event are the plaintiffs the consistory.
As already remarked, there was no acceptance of the resignation. “ To complete a resignation, it is necessary that the corporation manifest their acceptance of the offer to resign.” (Angel & Ames on Cor., §433.) This maybe done either expressly or by implication. But, in this case, there is no express act of acceptance, and no act or conduct on the part of the consistory, or any member of it, or of the church, from which an acceptance can be implied. The whole course of all parties concerned is inconsistent with the idea of a resignation having been made, or of an acceptance of it, if made, until after Mr. Connitt had ceased to be the pastor, and after the recusants had resumed the performance of their duties as members of the consistory. I am of the opinion that no resignation occurred.
The subsequent filling up of the vacancies in the consistory by the said five members thereof, if they were in fact members, was regular, though Mr. Connitt was ignored as a member of the consistory, for he was no longer a member, and the persons so elected are regular and legal members of the consistory.
The subsequent call of the defendant, John T. Demarest, to be the pastor of the church, and his installation as such, it follows from the views above taken, was regular and effectual; and he, with the other individual defendants, are the true and regular consistory of the church.
The fourth question submitted is, “ from what time, if any, are the defendants, the New Prospect church, entitled to a reasonable rent or allowance for use and occupation of the parsonage and grounds attached thereto, by way of counterclaim against the demands of the said George W. Connitt V’
The consistory, at the time Mr. Connitt was paid his salary up to May 3d, 1869, granted him the use of the parsonage until the first of July then next, and required him, on or before that day, to vacate it. Since that time, the use of the parsonage belonged to the religious corporation, the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church, of New Prospect; and for such use, which Mr. Connitt has enjoyed, he should pay the corporation a reasonable rent or allowance.
It follows that, under the submission, a judgment should be entered, adjudging and declaring that the said George W. Connitt ceased on the 3d day of May, 1869, to be the pastor of the said church, and is not entitled to any salary as pastor of said church since that time; and that the judgments obtained by him against said corporation, which are for his salary as pastor of said church since that time, be satisfied and discharged of record. That the defendants, John T. Demurest, David Parliman, Daniel M. Schoonmaleer, George W. Evans, Robert L. Thompson, David A. Decker, Levi V. Depuy, John Raymond, and Albert Schoonmaker, are the true and lawful consistory of said church. That the said corporation is entitled to recover of the said George W. Connitt, who-is adjudged to pay to it, such sum for the use and occupation oi the parsonage and grounds attached, belonging to said corporation, from July 1st, 1869, to February 7, 1871, as shall be found by a referee to be appointed by the court, to be reasonable therefor; and that the said Connitt, and other plaintiffs, respectively, surrender all the corporate property in his or their possession, or under his or their control, to the defendants, within one month after the entry of such judgment; and that neither party, as against the other, recover costs.
Learned, J.
(dissenting.) This is a case made under section 372 of the Code, without action. It is intended to settle an unfortunate controversy and several actions which have arisen out of it. The controversy, in brief, is this. Who are the legal officers of the R. P. D. 0., of Hew Prospect; and who is the pastor ? Many facts are spread out in the case, and much discussion was had in the argument, and some ecclesiastical questions raised. But, of course, the only matters which come before the court for decision, are the civil rights of the parties. As to ecclesiastical rights and duties, except so far as they affect civil rights and duties, the court has nothing to decide. If in any way they affect civil rights and duties, then the matter is under the control of the court.
In the course of the argument, and in the discussions, which this controversy has occasioned, and which appear in the case, something has been said about ecclesiastical courts. This phrase has no accurate meaning in this country, and its use is liable to mislead.
We have no ecclesiastical courts. The language which is used in a part of the case about the interference of civil courts, with the prerogatives and actions of ecclesiastical judicatories, is incorrect in the principles which it implies. There are no such judicatories except as any body of men may call itself a judicatory; and there is no ecclesiastical sphere of authority in any other sense than there is a “ Sons of Temperance” sphere of authority, or an “ Odd Fellows” sphere of authority.
The bodies which are called classes, synods, presbyteries, general assemblies, conventions, and the like, are not courts, to name them so is to use language appropriate only to a State church. Ordinarily, this assumption is harmless; but in the discussion of a question like the present, the use of the word, court, implies an authority in these bodies, vvbich they do not possess. A court is established by law, and derives its authority from the State. These ecclesiastical bodies in this country are not established by law, and have no authority from the State. Whatever authority they possess, arises from the consent or contract of parties, and is not judicial. The maxim that causes spiritual must be judged by judges of the spirituality, and causes temporal by temporal judges, has no meaning in this State. For there are no judges of the spirituality. So long as any action of an ecclesiastical body, or of any other organization, does not affect civil rights, nothing can arise for the decision of a court. When it does, then the question will be decided by the courts; and there are no courts but the courts of the State. .
The State confers no authority on any of the several ecclesiastical organizations within its limits. It authorizes, by a general act, the formation of religious corporations, composed severally of the members of a congregation. These are not ecclesiastical corporations, in the sense of the English la-w, but civil corporations, governed by the ordinary rules of the common-law. (Robertson v. Bullions, 11 N. Y., 243.) These corporations are often united together by some general organization. The rights, powers and duties which such a general organization may possess over the individual churches arise, not from legislative authority, but only from consent and agreement. It was said, in the course of the argument, that such powers are derived from the great head of the church. But powers so derived are not to be enforced by the State, unless distinctly recognized by its laws. The entire separation of church and State leaves the church, like other voluntary organizations, to the voluntary obedience of its members to the general laws of the land. (See the case of Austin v. Searing, 16 N. Y., 112.)
There is not, so far as I know, any law which invests ecclesiastical bodies, such as classes, presbyteries, conventions, and others, with any power over religious corporations. It if important to keep this principle in mind. For, since some oi these organizations have come from countries where they are established by law, it is easy to assume that they bring with them the same legal authority which they had there. It was the intention of the legislature, says Judge Selden, in Robertson v. Bullions (ut supra), “ to place the control of the temporal affairs of these societies in the hands of a majority of the corporators, independent of priests or bishops, presbytery, synod, or other ecclesiastical judicatory.” “We have,” say the court, in Smith v. Nelson (18 Vt., 511), “no religious establishment, no ecclesiastical law or courts, established by any authority. All their laws are wanting in this essential requisite to give them any authority, that they are not prescribed by the supreme power of the State. And, although they may form constitutions, enact canons, laws or ordinances, establish courts, or make any decisions, decrees or judgments, yet they can have only a voluntary obedience, cannot affect civil rights, immunities or contracts, or alter or dissolve any relations or obligations arising from contract. When their proceedings are to be examined in the ordinary -tribunals of justice, their power is a phamtom, and they can receive no more consideration than the regulations of any other voluntary associations formed for trifling or for grave and important purposes.”
The Reformed Protestant Dutch Ghureh of Hew Prospect is a religious corporation, duly organized under the laws of the State. The officers of this corporation are the elders and deacons and the minister, when there is one. (Act to provide for the incorporation of religious societies, § 2.) That is, the same persons who, as the consistory, are selected to take care of the spiritual affairs of the people, are also the officers of this civil corporation. There are four elders and four deacons, whose term of office is two years, except when chosen to fill a vacancy occasioned by death, resignation, &c., and the consistory choose their successors. The persons chosen are published in the church for the approbation of the people, and they are ordained. The plaintiffs claim to be the consistory of this church, and the individual defendants make the same claim. If this were only a question as to an ecclesiastical office, probably the court would not consider the question* But, as the elders, deacons and minister are the officers of the corporation, a legal body, with civil rights, the question submitted is probably intended to be, Who are those officers % And this is proper for our decision.
On the 24th day of January, 1869, the officers of this corporation were: George W. Connitt, pastor; David Paliman, Daniel M. Schoonmaker, George W. Evans, Isaiah A. Whitter, elders; and Robert L. Thompson, Milton Terwilliger, Albert Schoonmaker, and John A. Niver, deacons. On that day, being Sunday, David Paliman presented and publicly read to the congregation of said church, assembled for public worship, a paper, signed, and in the words following, viz.:
“We, the undersigned, members of the consistory of the Reformed Church of New Prospect, under the existing troubles in our church, do decline, from this time forth, to act as elders and deacons under the present pastor. Eldars—David Paliman, Dan’l M. Schoonmaker, George W. Evans. Deacons— Robert L. Thompson, William Terwilliger, Albert Schoonmaker.”
From that time till (at least) the 12th of May, 1869, the persons whose names are signed, did not act, or pretend to act, as members of the consistory, and absented themselves from all meetings of that body. One of the most important questions in this case, perhaps the most important, is, as to the effect of this paper. Was it, or was it not, a resignation 1 We are not aided in the decision of this question by the fact that, in the following May the classis of Orange recommended these persons to resume their duties. If they had not resigned, no such recommendation was necessary. If they had, it was utterly inoperative. The classis could not reinstate them in-office, nor could they reinstate themselves. We must, therefore, come back to the transaction of January 24tli.
There can be no doubt as to the power of a member of the consistory to resign. It is recognized in the constitution of the Dutch church (chap. 1, art. 3, sec. 5), if any recognition were necessary. The paper under consideration was a deliberate and formal instrument, signed by the parties. It was presented to the corporation, of which they were the officers, and by one of the signers was publicly read.
The trustees of a religious corporation (in this case the elders, deacons, and ministers) are the officers of the corporation, like the directors of a bank, or of a railroad company. (Robertson v. Bullions ut supra.) Thus it was fully delivered and was beyond recall. It cetainly had as much binding force as if it had been presented only to the consistory, and not to the whole body of the corporation. By the terms of the paper, the signers decline to act in their offices from that time forward; and they follow up this refusal by ceasing to act. In the act to provide for the incorporation of religious corporations (section 6) there is a provision for an election in case any trustee shall die, refuse to act, or remove; which is a legislative declaration, that a refusal to act vacates the office. So too, if a trustee withdraws from a religious society, so that it can be said that he no longer belongs to it, he ceases to be a trustee, and the society may elect another, even though he has not formerly resigned. (Laight street Baptist church v. Noe and al., 12 How., 497.)
And can a person hold an office who declines to act in it 2 What does the holding of an office consist in, except in the performance of official duties 2 Suppose that one of this bench were to file a paper, in the proper office, to the effect that he declined, from that time forth, to act as a justice of the Supreme Court, is there any doubt that such paper would be a resignation 2 True, the paper in question has the words, under the present pastor; but these words are to be understood as giving the reason for the resignation. For it is plain that one cannot resign an office for a limited time, and then resume it when circumstances are more agreeable. If, for instance, a director of a railroad company should deliver to the board a paper in the words, “ I decline, from this time forth, to act as director under the present president,” he could not be entitled to resume his office, in case the president should be removed. A formal refusal to act in an office, addressed to the proper body, or person, must be considered a resignation, so that one may be substituted who will act. And the proper body, or persons, to whom a resignation is to be addressed, will usually be the one that can take proceedings to supply the vacancy. In the present case, the corporation through its officers.
What could have been the object of this paper, other than to relieve the signers from all further responsibility as officers? It is plain that there was trouble in the church, and discord in the consistory. And the parties who signed the paper, finding that the consistory could not agree, were unwilling to act in a discordant body. Being a majority, they could have retained control of the affairs of the corporation, but they preferred not to do this. They, therefore, announced, not merely to the consistory, but to the rest of the congregation, their resignation of office, leaving the responsibility of all future actions on the remaining officers. And, in accordance with this paper, they did not, for three months after, act in the consistory; while the remaining members did continue to act.
It may be well to go a little further in the history of this case, as it is supposed to bear on the point now in question.
On the 3d day of May, 1869, the classis of Orange resolved that the elders and deacons, aforesaid, be recommended to resume their official duties. This recommendation, of course, was valuable, only as the opinion of wise and earnest men.. It could not affect the legal position of these persons, nor could it make them officers of the corporation, if they had ceased so to be. On the 7th day of May, 1869, the signers of the paper (excepting Terwilliger, who had moved away) met together with John A. River, in the lecture room of the church, and claimed to act as the consistory. At this time the property of the corporation, including the book of minutes, was in the possession, or under the control of Mr. Connitt, claiming, as pastor, to be president of the consistory. These same persons, excepting Terwilliger and John A. River, at several times afterward met and claimed to be the consistory. At a meeting on the 17th of December, 1869, when were present Daniel M. Schoonmaker, David Paliman, George W. Evans Robert L. Thompson, and Albert Schoonmaker, claiming t< be the consistory, they elected David A. Decker, as elder, in place of Isaiah J. Whitter, and Levi Y. Dupuy, and John Raymond, deacons, in place of Milton Terwilliger and John A. River. The usual notice was published for three Sundays, and these persons so elected were ordained by Rev. Mr. Spaulding, June 2d, 1870.
After the resignation of Paliman and others, on the 2otli of January, 1869, meetings were held, from time to time, of the pastor and the remaining members, claiming to be the consistory.
They numbered, at the most, two, in addition to the pastor. At such a meeting, on the 5th of July, 1869, where were present, the pastor and John A. River, claiming to be the consistory, thus elected Hiram River, elder, in place of David Paliman; James E. Echect, elder, in place of Daniel M. Schoonmaker, and Justus Baker, deacon, in place of Albert Schoonmaker, for the unexpired terms of office. The usual notice was published for three Sundays, and the persons so elected were ordained by Mr. Connitt, July 2oth, 1869.
And thus are composed the two bodies, each of whom claim to be the consistory.
We have nothing to do, in looking at this question, with the ecclesiastical merits of this sad controversy, or with the moral blame which must belong somewhere. The case does not show, and was not intended to show, where the little fire was which has kindled this great matter. We have only to decide who are the legal officers of the corporation; and that must depend, as was said before, principally on the effect of the paper signed by Paliman and others. Whether they acted wisely or not in signing it, is immaterial. If, as we are obliged to hold, it was a resignation of office, then they could not recall it. They ceased to be the legal officers of the corporation. They could not resume their offices. They were not members of the consistory, and their acts claiming to be the consistory are void. It is immaterial that they were the majority. Their resignation necessarily left the power with those who had not resigned, whether they were few or many. It follows, from these views, that Paliman and the other signers had no authority to elect new members, consequently the persons'so elected did not become officers of the corporation. The call to Mr. Demarest was, therefore, not made by legar officers, and is not binding on the corporation; and the individual defendants are not the consistory, or the legal officers of the corporation. It is necessary, next, to examine the claim of the plaintiffs to be such officers.
Passing over for the present, the question, what effect the resolution of the classis passed May 3d, 1869, had on Mr. Connitt’s position, we find it undisputed that John A. Fiver was a member of the consistory at the time of the resignation of Paliman and others.
It is undisputed, that at least, till May 3d, Mr. Connitt was pastor, and, therefore, a member of the consistory, and Mr. Whitter continued a member until about May 3d. These persons were in the actual possession and enjoyment of their respective offices. They met and acted, and as president of the consistory Mr. Connitt had possession of the book of minutes and the keys of the church. Whitter appears to have ceased to act about the 3d of May, and did not consider himself a member, as he says, having been elected in April, 1867. On the 5th of July, 1869, John A. Fiver was one of' the consistory, and Mr. Connitt claimed to be pastor. He was pastor, unless he had ceased so to be by the vote of the classis, May 3d, 1869; a point which will be examined hereafter. By their votes the three other plaintiffs were that day elected for the residue of terms," and these were the votes, it is to be remembered, of persons who, however few, had continuously claimed to be the officers of the corporation, and had been continuously in actual possession of their offices, and till May 3d, had been the only body claiming office. If, as we have seen, Mr. Paliman and his associates resigned their office, then it necessarily follows that these members of the consistory who did not resign, had the power to fill the vacan? cíes. Since it is undisputed that vacancies are to be filled by the consistory (Constitution Dutch Church, ch. 1, act 3, sec. 485), it may be very unfortunate that this power should have been left in the hands of so small a number. The corporation must have its officers; and if some of those who are elected desert their positions, those that remain must fill the places. The plaintiffs, therefore, leaving out, for the present, Hr. Connitt, are the consistory.
The next question is, whether Hr. Connitt is pastor; if not, when he ceased so to be ?
Hr. Connitt was, on the 16th of February, 1866, called to $his church and accepted the call. The call is a written instrument, executed in the name of the consistory, and ligned by those who held the office. It specifies the work which he is to do; it agrees to pay him a certain salary, as long as you continue the minister of the church,” with the use of the parsonage; and it calls him to be our pastor and teacher, &c.,” to fulfill.the whole work of the gospel ministry, agreeable to the word of God, and the excellent rules and constitution of our Reformed Protestant Dutch Church, established in the last national synod held at Dordrecht, and ratified and explained by the ecclesiastical judicatory, under which we stand, and to which you, in accepting this call, must with us remain subordinate.”
On the 3d of Hay, 1869, the classis of Orange, without trying Hr. Connitt, and without convicting him of any offence, and without any charge being made against him, voted as follows:
Resolved, That the classis do, in virtue of their interest, power and duty in the care of the churches, dissolve. the pastoral relation between Rev. George W. Connitt and the church of Hew Prospect.”
Hr. Connitt appealed to the particular synod, claiming that the classis had no right to dissolve the pastoral relation for expediency. He claimed, also, that all further proceedings were stayed by the appeal, and that, therefore, he continued to be pastor until the appeal was decided. When the keys and records of the church were demanded from him on the 21st of May, 1869, by Mr. Paliman and bis associates, claiming to be the consistory, he refused to deliver them.
On the first Sunday of July, Mr. Paliman and his associates .invited Rev. Mr. Staats to preach. Mr. Oonnitt entered the pulpit and read, a protest, claiming for himself the right to the pulpit.
On the 19th of July the classis of Orange enjoined him to deliver to the consistory the keys and the book of minutes, and to desist from attempting to preach in the church.
On the 29th of September, 1869, the classis of Orange proceeded to try him on several charges, in substance as follows : 1. That, after the alleged dissolution of the pastoral relation, he declared himself pastor. 2. That, after the consistory had notified him that his services were not desired, he persisted in claiming the office and preaching. 3. That, on the first Sunday of July, he entered the pulpit and claimed the right to it. 4. That, after the classis had enjoined him from preaching, he, with a deacon, assumed to elect two elders and a deacon. 5. That he ordained them. 6. That he preached August 1st. 7. That he refused to deliver to the consistory the book of minutes, August 2d. 8. That he notified Mr. Frazer not to preach in the church. 9. That he served on three of the consistory notice of an application to the Supreme Court for a mandamus, and caused a civil action to be' commenced against three of the classis for their action as such.
On these nine charges the classis found him guilty, and voted to suspend him from the ministry until repentance.
From the vote of the classis of July 19, and that of September 29, he appealed to the particular synod.
On the 3d of May, 1870, the particular synod sustained the classis, and overruled all those appeals. Mr. Oonnitt appealed to the general synod from the three decisions.
In July, 1870, the general synod overruled the appeal from the first, viz., that of May 3, 1869, dissolving the pastora relation; and he withdrew the other appeals.
On the 10th of August, 1870, the classis of Orange, without any further trial, reciting his refusal to deliver up the parsonage, and his attempting to collect by action his salary since Hay 3,1869, deposed him from the ministry, and temporarily excommunicated him.
This is, in substance, a statement of the whole affair, omitting some attempts by the opposing parties to take and to retain forcible possession of the church property.
It will be readily seen that a written contract was made between Hr. Connitt and the corporation called the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church of Hew Prospect, and by its terms the parties are to be governed. It was a contract by which, for certain compensation, he agreed to render certain services. It is silent as to the time for which it is to continue. At this point we need not examine whether either party can determine it at will, or whether it continues for life.
In the view which we have taken of the first question, no dispute arises on this contract. The consistory of the church are, as we have shown, the plaintiffs. They do not desire to terminate this contract. Hor does he. Or, at least, if they so desire, that does not appear in this case. The defendants are only members of the corporation, which must act by its officers. As mere members of the corporation, the defendants cannot question its contracts or terminate them. A great deal was said on the argument as to the power of the classis to dissolve the pastoral relation; and reference was made to early rules and regulations of the Reformed Dutch Church, and to discussions which have arisen in a kindred church. But what is called the pastoral relation, so far as any civil rights are concerned, is but a matter of contract. It is like what might be called the choral relation, which arises when a choir is engaged. To dissolve the pastoral relation means to annul the contract between the pastor and the corporation. If the question were asked, has the classis power to annul the contract, when a church engage a choir of singers, or an organist, or a sexton, it would be answered very quickly in the negative. However much higher the position of a pastor may be, however much more sacred his duties, however much more weighty his responsibilities, yet even his right to receive a salary must arise on a contract. He can sue for his salary on his written contract, or for work, labor and services. (North Dutch Church v. Bradford, 8 Cow., 497.) If, then, the relation between the pastor and the corporation, so far as any civil rights are concerned, is one of contract for services, how can that contract be annulled by any third party, unless the right to annul is expressly granted by the terms of the contract itself? In the present case, it is claimed, on the part of the defendants, that a certain voluntary assembly, not known to the law, not vested by the law with any powers, corporate, judicial or ministerial, has the right, whenever it thinks best, without any cause, except such as satisfies the minds of its members, to annul this contract, even contrary to the wishes of both parties. If such a power exists, it ought to be plain and unquestionably expressed, for it is very unusual. In the case of Smith v. Nelson (ut supra), it is said: “With respect to any contract between the minister and his people, it may be remarked of this, as of any other contract, that we cannot add anything, by implication, to the express terms of the contract itself. * * * When both parties .to the contract are satisfied, and neither desires the relation to be dissolved, it is not for this court, at the instance of others not parties to the contract, to seek for understandings and implications by which to avoid it.”
If we examine the call, which must be the written contract, the only language widely bears on this point is the agreement as to the pastor’s duty, above quoted. He is to fulfill the whole work of the gospel ministry, not only agreeably to the word of God, but also agreeably to the rules and constitution of the Reformed Dutch Church, as explained by the judicatory to which he and the people are subordinate. If, therefore, a civil controversy were to arise between the corporation and the pastor, involving the question whether he was fulfilling that work, any explanation of the rules of the Dordrecht synod, made by the proper judicatory, might be appropriate in evidence. But it is not alleged that Mr. Connitt was not ready to fulfill the work of the ministry agreeably to the word of God and these rules. And even if we were to assume that the individual defendants were the officers of the corporation, still there was no question between Mr. Connitt and' the corporation as to his fulfillment of his duties prior to May 3,1869, when the classis passed the resolution. Supposing, therefore, those defendants to have been the consistory, and the classis, in the character of a quasi arbitrator, to have been called on to explain the rules and constitution, still there is nothing decided showing a violation of the contract.
In the case of Austin v. Searing (16 N. Y., 112), it was claimed that, by the constitution of a voluntary association, certain powers and duties were granted by the grand lodge over the subordinate lodges. The court say: “ But were it distinctly averred that the defendants had subscribed the constitution of the grand as well as of the subordinate lodge, I should be of the opinion that public policy would not permit of parties binding themselves by such engagements. * * * To create a judicial tribunal is one of the functions of the sovereign power. And although parties may always make such tribunal for themselves in any specified case, by a submission to arbitration, yet the power is guarded by the most cautious rules. A contract that the parties will submit confers no power on the arbitrator; and even when there is an actual submission, it may be revoked at any time.”
The principles of that case apply here. Even assuming that there were a controversy between the corporation and Mr. Connitt, the classis is not a judicial tribunal to decide it. And if it be claimed that the contract and the constitution of the church makes the classis an arbitrator, still a contract to submit confers no power. The defendants do not recognize the fact that the law has given the absolute power to religious corporations severally to control their own afiairs. (Robertson v. Bullions, ut supra.) They have the right to employ as a pastor any one whom they choose, whether the classis and synod and presbytery approve or not. The classis and synod and presbytery may suspend and excommunicate pastors and people all together; but this does not affect the right of the corporation to employ the pastor and to pay him. Their contract makes him their pastor. (Youngs v. Ransom, 31 Barb., 49.) “ ¡Neither presbytery nor synod,” says Judge Seldeít, in Robertson v. Bullions (ut supra), “ had any control over the associate congregation of Cambridge, in respect to the minister whom they should employ. That depended on the trustees and a majority of the congregation. His deposition or excommunication had nothing to do with the right of the congregation to employ him, so far as the administration of its temporalities was concerned.”
It is, undoubtedly, true as to this contract, as to any other similar one, that the performance, or ability and readiness to perform, by the party who is to render service, is the ground of compensation. This is recognized in Smith v. Nelson, and is decided in North Dutch Church v. Bradford.
In the latter case, a minister sued for his salary accrued after his suspension. It was held, that as he could not perform the services, he could not recover the pay. To this extent the action of the classis may affect the rights of a pastor and affect his relation. It is his contract to perform ministerial services; so if he is unable to perform them, he forfeits his contract, and it may be rescinded by the other party. And as the ecclesiastical body to which he belongs (if he belongs to any) may take away his ministerial character, they may thus disable him from fulfilling his contract. It will still, however, remain the privilege of the other party to the contract to continue him as their pastor if they choose,. Beyond what is thus explained, I see no power in the classis or other ecclesiastical body.
In this connection I may say that I do not think that this court has anything to do with the proceedings by which an ecclesiastical body choose to suspend or depose one of its clergy.
¡No legal question can arise as to the regularity of the proceedings ; because in such a voluntary association, regularity or irregularity, are merely arbitrary. The same association which prescribes may vary or break its regulations; and as these regulations are not recognized by law, it is of no consequence as to civil rights whether they are observed or not.
If Hr. Paliman and his associates were the legal officers of the corporation, and being dissatisfied with Mr. Connitt, had sought to annul the contract, it would have been necessary then to inquire whether this contract is for life or is terminable by either party, at will. If terminable at will, then it would be idle to examine as to the power of the classis to do what either party could do for themselves.
The power which is claimed for the classis would be of consequence only if the contract be one for life. In Massachusetts it has been held that the settlement of a congregational clergyman was for life. But in the first case on the question (Avery v. Tyringham, 3 Mass., 160) Chief Justice Parsons remarks that it is a general rule that an office is holden at the will of either party. For certain reasons, ancient usage among others, he holds that a different rule prevails as to the settlement of a clergyman. In the view which has been taken of the present case, the question does not arise. But, certainly, if ancient usage made the contract one for life, usage has reversed the rule. And without deciding this point, in passing it may be remarked that Chief Justice Parsons cites a case in Massachusetts of an action against a clergyman for damages for leaving his congregation. If such an action would now lie, there would, perhaps, be more permanence to the pastoral relation. And it should be observed that the Massachusetts decisions may not be applicable to this question here. The settlement of a clergyman there was, at that time, made in obedience to a constitutional provision, and was accompanied by the payment of a sum of. money called his “ settlement,” additional to the salary. And it is not on the expressed terms of the contract, but altogether on other facts that the court, in the case cited (followed in other cases) held, that the contract was for life. In the case cited once or twice before from the Vermont reports, the chief justice remarks: The whole difficulty which has been so disastrous in its consequences, both here and elsewhere, has arisen from the attempt to exercise an authority where none is possessed, to assume powers of a legislative and judicial character which are not given, and to claim for them attributes and effects which can only belong to tribunals having a legal existence under the supreme power of the State. And, as is too often the case when men feel power, though they have it not, they “ forget right.” Something of this is applicable here; and the examination of the case has satisfied us of the wisdom of the legislature in leaving each religious corporation to manage its own affairs. Patience, forbearance, and a Christian spirit will usually bring controversies to an end, while so-called trials before ecclesiastical bodies seldom restore harmony or produce a satisfactory result. There are many reasons for this fact, which it is unnecessary to state.
If we look at the final result of this controversy, we find Mr. Connitt deposed and excommunicated for no immorality, crime, or neglect of duty. Whose fault the original disagreement was, does not appear.
Ho examination has ever been made on that question. The first resolution of any ecclesiastical body upon this subject, that which' purported to dissolve the pastoral relation, was based only on expediency; and the only charge which the complaints presented was that they had lost confidence in him. The charges on which he was finally deposed are, in substance, but three. 1st. That he insisted that the classis had no power to deprive him of his office for expediency. 2d. That he insisted that pending his appeal he remained pastor. 3d. That he commenced an action for his salary, called fraudulent probably because the summons was not served on Mr. Paliman and his associates. On the first and third of tírese charges it is unnecessary to say anything further. As to the second, of course, a voluntary association may make such rules as to the effect of appeals as it chooses. Ho regulations on this point appear to exist in the constitution of this church. In legal proceedings the effect is usually regulated by positive enactment. On general principles it would seem that a legal appeal to a higher tribunal does stay proceedings. (Penhallow v. Doane’s Adm’r, 3 Dallas, 54, and seq.; 2 Domat, 686.) But even if Mr. Connitt had been in error in every respect, yet as the error was one of judgment, not of heart, excommunication, even temporary, appears to a civil court, if not to an ecclesiastical tribunal, a harsh punishment.
The conclusion is: 1st. That the plaintiffs are the consistory and legal officers of the corporation called the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church, of Hew Prospect, and the individual defendants are not.
2d. That George W. Connitt having been, in fact (whether rightfully or wrongfully,) suspended, and then deposed from the ministry, the plaintiffs, as officers of the corporation, had the right (if they choose so to do) to terminate the contract between him and the corporation, at any time on or after the day when he was suspended, viz., September 29 th, 1869.
3d. That until the corporation, through its legal officers, shall terminate the contract, Mr. Connitt is, and will remain their pastor, so far as any civil rights are concerned, and is, and will be entitled, therefore, to his salary.
Judgment for the defendants. | CASELAW |
David McLaughlin (basketball)
David McLaughlin is an American college basketball coach. He is the head coach of the Dartmouth College's men's basketball team.
Coaching career
After a playing career at Colby College, McLaughlin began coaching as a graduate assistant at Suffolk University. He had a tenure as an assistant at Wesleyan University before landing at Stonehill College in 2000. During the 2004 season, McLaughlin assumed the duties of interim head coach, earning the head coaching job for the 2004-05 season. In his first season at the helm, the Skyhawks went 20-8, which led to six 20-win seasons in nine seasons at the helm, along with five NCAA Division II tournament bids, including two Final Four appearances. He finished his Stonehill career with a 189-99 overall record, and 135-80 in Northeast-10 play.
In 2013, McLaughlin joined Bill Coen's staff at Northeastern University, and was part of the staff that won the Huskies' first-ever CAA Tournament title, and first NCAA bid in 24 years.
On April 25, 2016, McLaughlin was named the 28th coach in Dartmouth Big Green history. | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Sockpuppet investigations/Pueriscic/Archive
23 August 2014
* Suspected sockpuppets
* User compare report Auto-generated every hour.
* Editor interaction utility
I stumbled upon numerous "new users" deleting vast amounts of information from Emirate of Granada, and individual emirate articles. As you can see, all these "new users" are targeting emirs/sultans of Granada. I believe this may be the "tip of the iceberg". Kansas Bear (talk) 17:38, 23 August 2014 (UTC)
* Muhammed XIII
* Yusuf I
* Muhammed IV
* Yusuf IV
* Muhammed V
* Muhammed VI
* Muhammed II
* Yusuf IV
* Muhammed II
* Ismail II
* Muhammed XII
* Yusuf III
Comments by other users
Clerk, CheckUser, and/or patrolling admin comments
* Definite quacking going on, so I've blocked a couple of the more recently active socks. Definitely support CU to get to the root of this. Favonian (talk) 19:25, 26 August 2014 (UTC)
* Blocked all the accounts listed as well as some other accounts while on sock patrol. Elockid ( Talk ) 18:57, 27 August 2014 (UTC)
06 September 2014
* Suspected sockpuppets
* User compare report Auto-generated every hour.
* Editor interaction utility
Picked up where the last badge left off with the Nasrid dynasty and related articles. I've blocked the socks as I found them, but based on the previous SPI, a check for sleepers and if possible a block on the IPs used would seem called for. Favonian (talk) 18:49, 6 September 2014 (UTC)
Comments by other users
Clerk, CheckUser, and/or patrolling admin comments
* - Yunshui 雲 水 09:21, 9 September 2014 (UTC)
* CheckUser isn't much if any help this time. So I'm marking this as closed. Callanecc (talk • contribs • logs) 13:31, 9 September 2014 (UTC) | WIKI |
congruens
Etymology
Present active participle of.
Participle
* 1) uniting, combining, running or meeting together with someone
* 2) agreeing, fit, appropriate, suitable, consistent, congruous
* 3) symmetrical, proportioned; consistent, harmonious
* 1) symmetrical, proportioned; consistent, harmonious
* 1) symmetrical, proportioned; consistent, harmonious | WIKI |
Critics say migrant families still being separated at border | TheHill
An advocacy group said in a report on Thursday that the Trump administration has continued to separate families suspected of crossing the border illegally months after President TrumpDonald John TrumpFacebook releases audit on conservative bias claims Harry Reid: 'Decriminalizing border crossings is not something that should be at the top of the list' Recessions happen when presidents overlook key problems MORE signed an executive order halting the practice. The Texas Civil Rights Project said that nearly 300 family separations have occurred at or near McAllen, Texas since Trump signed the executive order last June. Most of the cases involved children who crossed the border illegally with a relative who wasn't their immediate parent, it added. According to the group, the separations largely occurred because U.S. law does not allow unaccompanied minor children to stay with family members who are not their parents, while the group also contends that as many as 38 families have been separated at the location due to one or more parents having criminal convictions. In a statement to The Associated Press, which first reported the group's findings, U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) argued that the law “does not make concessions for anyone other than a parent or legal guardian.” Civil rights groups including the ACLU say that the Trump administration is not giving experts the ability to oversee the welfare of children detained by CBP. “What’s happening is the government is doing separations unilaterally without any process to contest the separations and without a child welfare expert overseeing the separations,” ACLU attorney Lee Gelenrt told the AP. CBP maintains that the agency will continue refusing to release detained migrant children to family members other than their parents in order to "prioritize the safety" of migrant children. “Absent verification that an adult is the parent or legal guardian of a minor, CBP will continue to prioritize the safety of a minor and comply with the statutory requirements,” the agency told the AP. View the discussion thread. The Hill 1625 K Street, NW Suite 900 Washington DC 20006 | 202-628-8500 tel | 202-628-8503 fax The contents of this site are ©2019 Capitol Hill Publishing Corp., a subsidiary of News Communications, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Talk:Woody Guthrie/Archive 1
Malespina bio
I think we ought to link to the Malespina biography, as it begins almost word-for-word the same as the Wikipedia article:
http://www.malaspina.com/site/person_602.asp
--Uncle Ed 16:45 Mar 20, 2003 (UTC)
Protest song
Protest song, or specifically a protest against "God Bless America"?
* Woody Guthrie wrote "This Land Is Your Land" in 1940 on a cross-country hitchhiking trip. The original fourth line of each verse -- "God blessed America for me"--was a nod to another beloved anthem, Irving Berlin's "God Bless America." By 1949, when Guthrie recorded the song for Folkways Records, he had changed the fourth line to "This land was made for you and me."
* While I have always loved "God Bless America", as a Yankee fan, I can understand if he got annoyed at hearing Kate Smith's version again, and again, and again...
Removed
Moved from article:
* Currently the disgraceful Richmond Organization, who own the "copyright" (dispite the disclaimer issued by Guthrie himself) wish to sue people who want to use this song in satire or parody.
I do not really feel this belongs in an article about Guthrie, but if it does it needs to be NPOVed anyway. Rasmus (talk) 08:51, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)
Quote subject
What song does the following quote refer to? Some people (elsewhere on the net) seem to be implying that it is "This Land" which I suspect is erronous, does anyone know?
"This song is Copyrighted in U.S., under Seal of Copyright # 154085, for a period of 28 years, and anybody caught singin it without our permission, will be mighty good friends of ourn, cause we don't give a dern. Publish it. Write it. Sing it. Swing to it. Yodel it. We wrote it, that's all we wanted to do."
* This is printed in one of the many songbooks guthrie put out, also it may have been used in the almanac days, I doubt it specifically applied to this land but I'm not sure wha it was originally attributed to either. Dannygutters 21:50, 9 April 2007 (UTC)
picture
I just changed the picture. I'm not sure if the old one was Woody Guthrie (I think it's Billy Bragg), but the new one definitely is. There may be an issue about the copyright, but I trust more zealous members of this community will look after that. Triped 04:05, Jan 30, 2005 (UTC)
* The photo you replaced was definitely Woody Guthrie. This photo seems to be from the Guthrie archives which i believe retains the copyright to all their images but the copyright situation of the previous image is unclear as well O'Dubhghaill 22:23, 30 Jan 2005 (UTC)
* Let's ask ourselves what Woody would want. =] Thanks for clearing that up. That picture is on the back of Mermaid Avenue. Both photos are cool...could the article have two? Triped 04:34, Jan 31, 2005 (UTC)
Ballads of Sacco & Vanzetti.
This is a part of Woody Guthrie's history that is nearly always left out. His writing of songs about the unjust Sacco & Vanzetti case. I own the LP, which has 11 songs written and recorded by Guthrie, and 1 song by Pete Seeger. The album, titled "The Ballads of Sacco & Vanzetti", was somewhat recently released on CD. There is a ton of detailed information on this at http://www.geocities.com/Nashville/3448/sacco.html I consider this to be his best recorded work. Every song is a master piece.
* Guthrie may have considered the case unjust, as do you, but it was hardly unjust.
* It is my understanding that these songs were released as sort of a housecleaning project by Moe Ash when guthrie's interest in the project tapered out do to (his percieved) poor results. I would think a section could mention them, as they were indicitive of a period of writing difficulties in guthrie's life, but I don't think they figured very prominantly in the guthrie story as works themselves. For information on these recordings check out the "Woody Guthrie: A Life" biography by Joe Kline pp 327-328 -dannygutters
wives
The article mentions Woody getting married several times, but it doesn't ever mention how those marriages ended. Would someone who knows this please add it?
* Hyacinth 09:02, 21 May 2006 (UTC)
* I updated some of this information about his first and thrid wives - dannygutters
Martin Hoffman
I have removed the link for Martin Hoffman. The Hoffman that wrote the music for "Plane Wreck at Los Gatos," who is memorialized in Joan Baez' "For Martin," committed suicide many years ago. He is not the professor this article links to. PacificBoy 20:01, 4 October 2006 (UTC)
Good article nom
No references or citations at all. - Francis Tyers · 10:53, 13 October 2006 (UTC)
* I added a bunch of citations to pages in the Joe Kline Biography. Dannygutters 21:51, 9 April 2007 (UTC)
Failed GA
As of 13 October 2006, I am making a speedy failing for this article to reach Good Article status, per WP:WIAGA, because of the following fatal reason: This article is totally unsourced. Please provide your reliable sources according to WP:CITE to support the three pillars of Wikipedia: neutral point of view, no element of original research and verifiable. I've put a template in this article for editors to fill in their references. Please do not consider it as discouraging. If all of those matters above have been fixed, this article can be renominate it again. Cheers. — Indon ( reply ) — 11:06, 13 October 2006 (UTC)
Categories
I notice the article is in a few categories as well as their sub-categories (e.g. "People from Oklahoma" as well as "Oklahoma musicians"). Should that be changed? Adam McMaster 10:17, 5 November 2006 (UTC)
Legacy; Joe Strummer
I'm wondering why the wording was changed from "obviously" to "apparently." Not only is the claim cited from Nora Guthrie herself, but is also verified in several biographies of Joe Strummer notably Kris Need's "Joe Strummer and the Legend of The Clash." Anyone familiar with the life of Joe Strummer knows why he called himself "Woody," so why it became "apparently" is beyond me. I have no objection in regards to changing the wording of the sentence, but it is more concrete than "apparently." It is certainly because of his admiration of Woody Guthrie. Jlee562 08:27, 18 January 2007 (UTC)
GA
I am failing this article based on several things Try and reference each paragraph and cleanup the popular culture section, listing the article at WikiProject_Biography/Peer_review will provide useful feedback from editors. M3tal H3ad 07:45, 10 April 2007 (UTC)
* 1) Two cleanup tags, which could probably be removed
* 2) The lead needs to be expanded to two or three paragraphs per WP:LEAD
* 3) was a highly influential and prolific is POV
* 4) References come after punctuation per WP:FOOTNOTE, ex [9]. -> .[9]
* 5) folk singers.[1] external jump needs to be converted to a reference
* 6) Do not wikilink years alone, such as 1939 -> 1939
* 7) Guthrie famously wrote the slogan "This Machine Kills Fascists" on his guitar. Reference?
* 8) The quote in the box needs a reference
* 9) The "Post-death influence on popular culture" is a mess and is trivial. One sentence, unreferenced paragraphs making the article fail both criteria 1 and 2, not "well-written" and "unverifiable"
* 10) a [citation needed] tag
* 11) Remove the red linked article under See Also, the point of the section is to link to article that exist
* 12) Reference one needs to be formatted to include a title, publisher (website), date last accessed, WP:CITE
* 13) The Songs of Woody Guthrie - is a link to geocities to a personal website please remove it per WP:EL.
* I updated your bulleted list to a numeric one to identify items easier, I will work on these edits and resubmit. as for number 7, do we need to cite the "This Machine" quote? Guthrie is holding an example in the photo in the article. Dannygutters 15:56, 10
April 2007 (UTC)
* Updated items 1,34,5,6,7,9,11,12,14,15. Still need to update the Lead and Post-Death sections. Dannygutters 16:47, 10 April 2007 (UTC)
* Ok, I've updated the article in regards to all the items mentioned, I will try to get it peer-reviewed before renominating for GA status. Any thoughts on the Lead and Influence sections would be appreciated. Dannygutters 20:02, 10 April 2007 (UTC)
* Good work. I've made a couple of very minor corrections to the lead, but to me it all looks good. Adam McMaster 20:20, 10 April 2007 (UTC)
Peer Review Items
I have tried to implement most of the items listed in the peer review tips Dannygutters 19:36, 20 April 2007 (UTC)
Free images
Are these images from the LOC free? gren グレン 13:46, 22 May 2007 (UTC)
and the stuff here. How do we determine copyrights and renewals? gren グレン 13:58, 22 May 2007 (UTC)
Flag Icon
I think that flag icons are out of place on biographies of people that are not closely related with national politics or government. It makes sense to have a flag icon on prime ministers, but not really on folk singers. I am removing it. If anyone objects, we can discuss further... — Gaff ταλκ
* I agree. See WP:FLAG. Adam McMaster 18:24, 22 May 2007 (UTC)
Successful good article nomination
I am glad to say that this article which was nominated for good article status has succeeded. This is how the article, as of June 13, 2007, compares against the six good article criteria:
* 1. Well written?: prose is clear and grammar correct. The linear biography is a good approach. The section on his influence is a little too listy. I'd review WP:EMBED and try to think how to better integrate that information.
* 2. Factually accurate?: It would be nice to see more sources. Right now most of the article is verified with the Joe Klein book. Ideally, however there would be several more sources. Someone with access to news archives, such as Nexis, could dig up more sources to improve. Will never be FA without additional sources. For me, this was my biggest hesitation in passing the article, but it appears that the article was actually written with multiple sources and Klein was used primarily as verification, so I felt comfortable passing.
* 3. Broad in coverage?: The biography is thorough, although perhaps each section could be fleshed out some more. More sources would help with that. As above, the influences section could be smoothed out.
* 4. Neutral point of view?: I'm not an expert on Woody Guthrie controversies, but as far as I can tell this is pretty balanced.
* 5. Article stability? Yep! It's stable.
* 6. Images?: great public domain pictures!
If you feel that this review is in error, feel free to take it to a GA review. Thank you to all of the editors who worked hard to bring it to this status. — JayHenry 00:51, 13 June 2007 (UTC)
* If anyone can add more sources that would be great, maybe we can get this article to FA status for woody's upcoming birthday. Dannygutters 18:58, 25 June 2007 (UTC)
Woody's Dirty Letters
The Kline bio details Woody's 'hobby' of writing dirty letters in the later part of his life. Mostly these were to his mistress then wife Marjorie, but occasionally he would engage in dirty correspondence with fans (with or without their request) this even resulted in a charge of indecency at one point but was settled. I'm not sure if this should be included in the article, as on one hand is gives us a clearer picture of woody the man but on the other hand distorts the image of woody by elevating a detail of his private life to a place of equal weight with the public persona detailed in the article. There is some debate over weather the letters were a symptom of his Huntington's as these patients can tend to show an increased creativity and sex drive, but since conclusions can't be drawn definitively I wouldn't suggest this connection be made. Details of the civil suit should be included if factually, tho private correspondence with his wife (even though included in the biography in a public way) would seem inappropriate for an academic article. Dannygutters 16:22, 3 July 2007 (UTC)
* If you can find the details, I'd say the letters to his wife add valuable perspective. Not like there's no precedent, either, although those weren't at all scandalous. MrZaius talk 16:33, 22 July 2007 (UTC)
Communist?
I believe I read somewhere that Woody wanted to join the Communist Party but they wouldn't let him because he wouldn't renounce christianity. Can anyone confirm this? It would make that bit a little more interesting and informative. bobanny 15:24, 22 July 2007 (UTC)
* I'm not sure about the christianity angle. I didn't see it in the kilne bio, but if you can source it go ahead and put something up. More Likely Woody never officially joined up because he didn't want to pay the dues. Dannygutters 17:30, 24 July 2007 (UTC)
The Charts
I'm currently doing an assignment on Woody and I noticed that there is no information in relation to how many records he sold - relative to, say, Sinatra (who obviously sold a lot more). Bassically, I just need to know roughly what his top selling single/album was or any information like that. I only say this becaus I find it strange that no such information is in the article
* Woody's recordings are such that they didn't ever 'chart' his best selling album is most likely "Songs to Grow On" a recording of children’s songs. His recording for moe asch was sporadic at best. While never big sellers, much of Woody's music was given to schools and libraries, which contributed to the high visibility of songs like "This Land is Your Land" in the American conscious. If you find any facts as to record sales please add them to the article, that would be great. Dannygutters 19:10, 7 August 2007 (UTC)
Todo: Cite from
If anyone has read or has a copy of the "Ramblin' Man" bio, we could use some citation from that. Currently the article cite's heavily from the kline bio.
http://www.amazon.com/Ramblin-Man-Times-Woody-Guthrie/dp/0393327361/ref=pd_bbs_sr_1/105-7130564-9874832?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1192815922&sr=1-1 —Preceding unsigned comment added by Dannygutters (talk • contribs) 17:46, 19 October 2007 (UTC)
* I am doing this. Hopefully we will be in a state to be reviewed for FA status Dannygutters 16:19, 1 November 2007 (UTC)
Categories
I am removing the "scottish americans" category from this article as that seems to be outright false. And I'm hesitant to keep the American Socalists category. Woody was by no means a driving figure in socalism, tho he was associated with the communist party as a liberal. Unless we are going to include everyone in the category of their leanings maybe we should remove this one too? Thoughts? Dannygutters 17:52, 19 October 2007 (UTC)
* Well, I just added the American socialists category, in part because of the article's discussion of Guthrie as "A lifelong socialist and trade unionist, [who] also contributed a regular column, "Woody Sez", to the Daily Worker and People's World newspapers. He was a member of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW or Wobblies) Union for some years." My experience, at least, is that his politics were and are well-known and notable ("This machine kills fascists", for instance), and that he is known as a notable member of the socialist movement -- not because he was a "driving figure", but because he was a well-known celebrity with openly socialist politics. -David Schaich Talk/Cont 18:02, 19 October 2007 (UTC)
* I think we should keep it, but I still reserve reservations that it overstates Woody's Socialist tendancies vs the rest of his life. At what point is that distiction made, Why isn't he in a divorcee's category for example. But you are correct as notable celebrity associated with socialism he should be in the cat. So be it tho. Dannygutters 00:29, 22 October 2007 (UTC)
Bound For Glory: 'loosely autobiographical'?
In the 'Guthrie's influence' section, under 'Prolific writer' it says that BFG is 'loosely autobiographical'. But it seems largely autobiographical. After all, it's not really written in a 'fictionalised' way as say, Kerouac's 'On The Road' is.
SteveRamone 03:52, 21 October 2007 (UTC)
* I think it's that way because it loosely deals with woody's life, jumping around selectively, and written in a memoir way it's not really thought of as a traditional autobiography. Compare to say the Joe Kline bio of woody. Dannygutters —Preceding comment was added at 00:31, 22 October 2007 (UTC)
request for ban IP <IP_ADDRESS>
I put in a request to ban this ip that made a bunch of vandalism entries yesterday. According to this IP's contribution history that's about all he does. Dannygutters 14:29, 24 October 2007 (UTC)
* This IP is a school, admin put a 6 month ban on anononymous editing, which should help. yay wikipedia.Dannygutters 03:07, 25 October 2007 (UTC)
Merged some facts from the influence section into the bio
Things like covers of songs moved to appropriate spots in the bio. As per Featured_article_criteria, trying to eliminate a listy or trivia section. They seem to prefer a bio format. Dannygutters 16:05, 31 October 2007 (UTC)
Legacy
I suggest adding a "Legacy" section that describes the work of the Foundation and Archives - outlining exhibits, etc. Would also move the info about the annual Festival there as well since the festival is more part of Guthrie's Legacy than musical influence - although it is that also. If no one disagrees, I will work on these changes. Kmzundel 14:58, 7 November 2007 (UTC)
* We previously had information regarding contemporary work from the Archive and festival in a separate section (i think musical influences) but got moved this was advised to move inline in the bio as per WP:FA criteria. I think that if there's something to add that wouldn't fit inline in the bio with the other foundation information it could warrant an extra section as long as we're not just moving this info back. Like if you want to move from the musical influence section (which is a bit of a Trivia list right now, I’d like to integrate most of it into other sections), to a legacy part that could be good. Tho keep in mind that in depth information about the festival should be on the festival's page (in fact I should add a main article link) Dannygutters 16:51, 7 November 2007 (UTC)
* It may make sense to use the Musical Influence section Only for items regarding songs written about or in tribute to guthrie and move other information like concerts in honor, the festival, etc to the Legacy section Dannygutters 16:55, 7 November 2007 (UTC)
* I am NOT suggesting adding more in depth information about the festival. What is already in the article re: the festival is sufficient. Mostly I'm suggesting adding more info about the Foundation's programs and exhibits. Kmzundel 17:42, 7 November 2007 (UTC)
Edit Summary
Please remember to always fill in the edit summary field - even if it's just to say "typo" or "style" or "fixign link" or whatever. This is considered an important guideline in Wikipedia. Kmzundel 22:13, 7 November 2007 (UTC)
Citing sources
Just spent more than one hour adding references to 10 unreferenced statements. Please do NOT add unreferenced statements if working toward FA status. Kmzundel 04:31, 8 November 2007 (UTC)
Mermaid Avenue archives
IMHO, most of the info in this whole section should be moved or removed. It contains much duplication and is out of order chronologically. It simply makes no sense to me. There needs to be a section about the Foundation that leads into the Billy Bragg Mermaid Avenue recordings. Kmzundel 16:47, 8 November 2007 (UTC)
* I had some time on my hands and re-ordered the Sections and re-worked the Mermaid Ave section. Also added many more references. The Peer Review process will demand that unsubstantiated statements be referenced. Kmzundel 19:16, 8 November 2007 (UTC)
* This is great, these refrences are a very useful detail yet tedious to look up. Dannygutters 20:35, 8 November 2007 (UTC)
Section Titles
I'm not sure if the section titles should be Years rather than biographical milestones. I can't find anything specific in the wikipedia biography guideline pages, but all of the other longer musician bios I checked use this format rather than years. Personally I think it makes more sense to do it this way since a person scanning the contents for a particular item would likely not know what year it occured it.. check out Bob Dylan,Fidel Castro or George Washington. Dannygutters
* Manual_of_Style suggests nouns for heading titles. Dannygutters 20:41, 8 November 2007 (UTC)
* Let me think on this to try to come up with some nouns that would be broad enough to work. For now, I think the years are OK. See Ellis Paul. Kmzundel 23:07, 8 November 2007 (UTC)
Hundreds of Songs
If my memory serves me well, in the foreward to The "Woody Guthrie Songbook", Pete Seeger says that his published work is well over a thousand songs with countless hunreds left unpublished and unrecorded, I suppose the songs that Billy Bragg has worked on now count as published and recorded. I would therefore suggest that to write: "Hundreds of songs", falls well short of the correct amount. Dylan has written hundreds, but doesn't even come close to Guthrie's total. Thank you. Educated Guest (talk) 19:27, 2 January 2008 (UTC)
"This Land" in the public domain
This article currently uses Image:Woody Guthrie - This Land.ogg, a 30-second sample of "This Land is You Land", claiming fair use. But according to this (and further details here), the song is in the public domain. I believe a full version of the song should be included. – Quadell (talk) (random) 15:53, 9 January 2008 (UTC)
* Errr, yes and no... the sheet music of the 1945 version is public domain... not necessarily any recordings of it. But, quite likely some recordings of it are. But, that comes down to how does Wikipedia work on allowing non-renewal evidence on Wikipedia. I have not been up to date on our ever-evolving copyright policies but some evidence will be required. gren グレン 07:33, 11 January 2008 (UTC)
* You're right about recordings. As to non-renewal evidence, I think those links I listed above should be adequate. – Quadell (talk) (random) 12:54, 11 January 2008 (UTC)
* But I meant non-renewal for any full length sound recording where a notable group like the EFF hasn't assured us it wasn't renewed. I know on the FAC someone mentioned that they would upload a full version I just want to make sure it doesn't get deleted. gren グレン 13:13, 11 January 2008 (UTC)
* Oh I see. Happily, there are online searches available. See User:Quadell/copyright for details. – Quadell (talk) (random) 14:36, 11 January 2008 (UTC)
* The sample on the page is from the Asch recording sessions. This particular track was issued on the Dust Bowl Ballads record, According to this copyright search the copyright was most recently renewed to Rounders Records in 1988, so I think to err on the side of caution we should maybe keep the clip a sample. --Dannygutters (talk · contribs) 14:41, 11 January 2008 (UTC)
* Dan, probably a good idea to post this info on the FAC page. Kmzundel (talk) 15:16, 11 January 2008 (UTC)
Origins
Question about the "origins" note in the sidebar. Woody Guthrie did live in Los Angeles for a time, but lived most of his adult life in New York City and was born and raised in Oklahoma and Texas. I don't see him having "originated" in LA. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:32, 29 January 2008 (UTC)
* You're right, I don't agree with LA as an Origin either. Removing. --Dannygutters (talk · contribs) 00:36, 30 January 2008 (UTC) | WIKI |
Page:The Theatre of the Greeks, a Treatise on the History and Exhibition of the Greek Drama, with Various Supplements.djvu/445
THE GREEK TRAGEDIANS. 419 was furnished by Greeks of Ionian extraction 1 Compare the statements of ^schylus and Herodotus as to the numljers of the Persian fleet. Supply the principal events omitted by ^schylus that intervened be- tween the battle of Salamis and the retreat of Xerxes, and between his arrival at Sardis and his return to Susa. 21. Translate : "EX^' CTt' aKpOV KOpVfJLJ^OV O)(0oV K-poKo/SaTTTOV TToSos cv/xttpiv acipwv Bao-iXctov Tiapas <!?6.Xapov 7ncf>av(TK(iiV. Explain the allusion in the last part of this passage. Is the evocation of Darius founded on Grecian or on Persian usage ? Where was Darius buried ? 22. Apyvpov TT-qyrj rts avrots ecrrt, 6r](Tavp6s x^o^o5. Describe the district in which this treasure lay, and mention the ancient and modern names of the principal towns in it. Give an ac- count of the manner in which its produce was applied before and at the time of ^schylus. By what peculiar privileges did the government en- courage the cultivation of it. Explain Xenophon's project for increasing its productiveness. 23. Explain the allusion in the words lav MaptavSvvov OprjvrjTrjpos TTc/xi/^o), and give some other examples of similar national usages. Why is Atossa made to describe Greece as 'laovwv yrjv, and afterwards to say, ■q pikv TriirXoia-t Hepa-LKol'; yjcTK-qfxeurjj y 8' avre Ao)pLKOLaLv1 Why do the Greek writers speak of the Persian war as ra MrjSiKa ? Why is Xerxes described as 'Xvpcov ap/xa StwKwv ? Translate : hippvp,a tc koX rpippvp.a Tekrjl What mention is found in history of the use of chariots in the Persian armies? 24. Translate the following passage, and arrange it in metrical order, naming the verses into which you divide it. hoXofirjTLv 8' a-n-drav Ocov TLs dvrjp ^varos aXv^ct ; rts o Kpanrvf^ ttoSI Tn/S^y/xaTos cvttctovs dvdcr- crcov ; <f)io(f)pwv yap uaivovcra ro irpwrov, irapdyti ftpoTov et? apKVdTara ToOev ovK IcTTtv VTTcp OvaTov dXvEavTa (fivyelv. 25. Define and exemplify the metrical terms, arsis, thesis, basis, anacrusis, anaclasis, ccesura, prosodia. What is meant by metres Kar' dvTLTrdOiiav fxiKTd ? What is an asynartetic verse ? Explain the grounds on which Hermann objects to the ancient mode of measuring the iambic verse. 27—2 | WIKI |
BP, ADNOC offer to buy 50% of Israel's NewMed Energy
By Ron Bousso
LONDON, March 28 (Reuters) - BP BP.L and Abu Dhabi's state oil giant on Tuesday offered to acquire 50% of Israeli offshore natural gas producer NewMed Energy NWMDp.TA for around $2 billion, making their entry into Israel's growing energy sector.
The offer would involve acquiring NewMed's free floating shares and taking the company private. BP shares gained 2% by 0810 GMT while NewMed shares were up around 30%.
Abu Dhabi National Oil Co (ADNOC) and BP said they intend to form a new joint venture as part of the deal that will be "focused on gas development in international areas of mutual interest including the East Mediterranean."
NewMed is the largest stakeholder in the giant Leviathan offshore field, operated by Chevron CVX.N, which produces 12 billion cubic metres (bcm) of gas that are supplied to Israel, Egypt and Jordan.
NewMed and its partners plan to nearly double Leviathan's production to 21 to 24 bcm by 2027 are also exploring plans for a liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminal to further boost exports, Chief Executive Officer Yossi Abu told Reuters.
"This is a sign of confidence in the East Med becoming a major supplier of gas to Europe," Abu said.
The offer is a further sign of the strengthening economic links between Israel and the United Arab Emirates since the two countries agreed to normalise ties in 2020.
Last year, Abu Dhabi's Mubadala Petroleum acquired from Delek Drilling DEDRp.TA a 22% stake in the east Mediterranean Tamar gas field for about $1 billion.
For BP, the deal highlights the British company's focus on growing natural gas production after Chief Executive Bernard Looney last month slowed down its shift away from fossil fuels.
The offer price is 12.05 ILS ($3.38) per share, reflecting a 72% premium above the pre-deal market price, valuing the entire company at about 14.1 billion ILS, or $3.96 billion.
After the deal closes NewMed will become a private corporation equally held by the BP-ADNOC JV and Delek Group DLEKG.TA, which holds the remaining 50%.
($1 = 3.5669 shekels)
(Reporting by Ashitha Shivaprasad in Bengaluru; editing by Louise Heavens, Jason Neely and Sharon Singleton)
((Ron Bousso email: ron.bousso@thomsonreuters.com Twitter: https://twitter.com/ronbousso1 Tel.: +44 (0)207 542 2161 Reuters Messaging: ron.bousso.reuters.com@reuters.net))
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Page:Popular Science Monthly Volume 5.djvu/748
728 these occur, as, for example, when a man in falling mechanically puts out his hands to save himself. "In these cases," Descartes said, "I have clear evidence that the nervous system acts mechanically without the intervention of consciousness, and without the intervention of the will, it may be in opposition to it." Why, then, may I not extend this idea further? As actions of a certain amount of complexity are brought about in this way, why may not actions of still greater complexity be so produced? Why, in fact, may it not be that the whole of man's physical actions are mechanical, his mind living apart, like one of the gods of Epicurus, but unlike them occasionally, interfering by means of his volition?
And it so happened that Descartes was led by some of his speculations to believe that beasts had no soul, and consequently, according to his notion, could have no true mental operations, and no consciousness; and thus, his two ideas harmonizing together, he developed that famous hypothesis of the automatism of brutes, which is the main subject of my present discourse. What Descartes meant by this was that animals are absolutely machines, as if they were mills or barrel-organs; that they have no feelings; that a dog does not hear, and does not smell, but that the impression which thus gave rise to those states of consciousness in the dog gave rise by a mechanical reflex process, to actions which correspond to those which we perform when we do smell, and do taste, and do see. Suppose an experiment. Suppose that all that is taken away of the brain of a frog is what we call the hemisphere, the most anterior part of the brain. If that operation is properly performed, very quickly and very skillfully, the frog may be kept in a state of full bodily vigor for months, or it may be for years; but it will sit forever in the same spot. It sees nothing; it hears nothing. It will starve sooner than feed itself, although, if food is put into its mouth, it swallows it. On irritation, it jumps or walks; if thrown into the water, it swims. But the most remarkable thing that it does is this—you put it in the flat of your hand, it sits there, crouched, perfectly quiet, and would sit there forever. Then if you incline your hand, doing it very gently and slowly, so that the frog would naturally tend to slip off, you feel the creature's fore-paws getting a little slowly on to the edge of your hand until he can just hold himself there, so that he does not fall; then, if you turn your hand, he mounts up with great care and deliberation, putting one leg in front and then another, until he balances himself with perfect precision upon the edge of your hand; then, if you turn your hand over, he goes through the opposite set of operations until he comes to sit in perfect security upon the back of your hand. The doing of all this requires a delicacy of coördination and an adjustment of the muscular apparatus of the body which are only comparable to those of a rope-dancer among ourselves; in truth, a frog is an animal very poorly constructed for rope-dancing, and on the whole we may give him rather more credit than we should to a human dancer. | WIKI |
Having said that, for those who have good support that is social relatives and buddies
Having said that, for those who have good support that is social relatives and buddies
Prep for the Doctor Visits: make notes ahead of one’s appointment—keep a discomfort journal that details if your discomfort began, just just how it feels, when it is at its worst, in which the discomfort is targeted, everything you were doing to deal with your discomfort in the home, what helps, and just what doesn’t assist. Jot down most of the medications you’re taking—even over-the-counter ones—as well as any medicine allergies.
Get Your Questions Answered: It’s easy to forgetall thequestions you wish to ask in the middle of a scheduled appointment, therefore compose them straight down in advance, either in your log or on the smartphone. They may consist of: Exactly what are the feasible unwanted effects of medications as well as other remedies you’re reasoning of prescribing? Lanman claims that knowledge is power, and when you recognize the type of therapy you ought to decrease pain, you’ll take a significantly better place to help make the most useful choices regarding the care. If at all possible, bring your partner, a member of family, or buddy with you towards the visit that will help you record your physician’s findings and recommendations (it’seasy to ver quickly become overrun and shed tabs on information during an exam or assessment).
Having Those Complex Conversations
When low straight right straight back discomfort affects your projects life, house life, then some, it’s maybe perhaps not frequently possible to help keep your pain to your self. Sitting yourself down with those near to you and achieving a conversation that is frank tell them just exactly exactly what you’re going right on through and why may very well not manage to take part in every thing that is expected of you. Devoid of to disguise your trouble can indicate one less thing to stress over.
These difficult conversations can benefit you an additional means. Compassion and validation from nearest and dearest, buddies, and colleagues will allow you to feel much better when living that is you’re chronic back discomfort. Nonetheless it has to function as the kind that is right of. Tests also show that being around individuals who encourage catastrophizing or rumination can aggravate any emotions of helplessness or despair you might have as a result of your discomfort. 24,25
Having said that, for those who have positive social support from family and friends, you’re more likely to experience less anxiety and depression. Issue is, lots of people coping with pain believe their family members don’t grasp the extent of the discomfort or aren’t there for them. (back pain isn’t as easy to see as a broken supply, as an example.) Also about your condition though it might seem like another hurdle for you, try taking the time to educate those closest to you.
Allow them to ask questions—this can help them comprehend and empathize—and then inform them exactly just how they are able to assist you to. 26 get certain about the types of help you will need, whether it’s merely an acknowledgement from their website they recognize you’re in pain or tangible action like using you on http://www.nakedcams.org/female/foot-fetish/ learning leisure methods. 25,27 Because distraction is really a helpful device, you may recommend tasks can be done together, like going on a walk, viewing a film, doing an at-home art project or puzzle, or creating a lunch that is healthy. How do I attempt to relieve spine discomfort? Focus on over-the-counter NSAIDs or acetaminophen. Avoid bed that is too much active is more helpful. Apply ice, then change to heat up on three day. For moderate instances, try physical treatment, therapeutic therapeutic massage, or yoga. Contact your medical practitioner in the event that discomfort is from the injury that is serious you don’t feel a lot better within a few days.
Exactly what can cause back pain?
An accident, extended or improperly done physical working out (such as for instance lifting the wrong manner or muscle overuse from exorbitant bending), having poor core muscles, being obese, and age can all donate to the growth of lower back pain. A far more severe cause is a degenerative infection that requires treatment that is specific.
How to get to back sleep with lower pain?
To help ease spinal force, place a pillow betwixt your knees if you’re a part sleeper or using your knees if you’re a back sleeper. 29 Check your sleeping “posture”: Adjust the angle of one’s pillows or the placement of one’s human body to steadfastly keep up the curve that is natural of back. Pose a question to your doctor or PT for lots more specific tips. 28
How come my back discomfort worse each day? Reasons consist of being immobile inbed immediately, bad posture that is sleeping or asleep on too soft a mattress. Do a little stretching that is gentle sleep prior to getting out of bed, utilize sluggish and deliberate movements while you increase, and have a warm/hot bath after waking to soothe tight muscles. 28
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THERE were more Ants in the meadow than there were of any other kind of insects. In their family there were not only Ants, but great-aunts, cousins, nephews, and nieces, until it made one sleepy to think how many relatives each Ant had. Yet they were small people and never noisy, so perhaps the Grasshoppers seemed to be the largest family there.
There were many different families of Grasshoppers, but they were all related.
Some had short horns, or feelers, and red legs; and some had long horns. Some lived in the lower part of the meadow where it was damp, and some in the upper part. The Katydids, who really belong to this family, you know, stayed in trees and did not often sing in the daytime. Then there were the great Road Grasshoppers who lived only in places where the ground was bare and dusty, and whom you could hardly see unless they were flying. When they lay in the dust their wide wings were hidden and they showed only that part of their bodies which was dust-color. Let the farmer drive along, however, and they rose into the air with a gentle, whirring sound and fluttered to a safe place. Then one could see them plainly, for their large under wings were black with yellow edges.
Perhaps those Grasshoppers who were best known in the meadow were the Clouded Grasshoppers, large dirty-brown ones with dark spots, who seemed to be everywhere during the autumn. The fathers and brothers in this family always crackled their wings loudly when they flew anywhere, so one could never forget that they were around.
It was queer that they were always spoken of as Grasshoppers. Their great- great-great-grandparents were called Locusts, and that was the family name, but the Cicadas liked that name and wanted it for themselves, and made such a fuss about it that people began to call them Seventeen-Year-Locusts; and then because they had to call the real Locusts something else, they called them Grasshoppers. The Grasshoppers didn't mind this. They were jolly and noisy, and as they grew older were sometimes very pompous. And you know what it is to be pompous.
When the farmer was drawing the last loads of hay to his barn and putting them away in the great mows there, three young clouded Grasshopper brothers were frolicking near the wagon. They had tried to see who could run the fastest, crackle the loudest, spring the highest, flutter the farthest, and eat the most. There seemed to be nothing more to do. They couldn't eat another mouthful, the other fellows wouldn't play with them, they wouldn't play with their sisters, and they were not having any fun at all.
They were sitting on a hay-cock, watching the wagon as it came nearer and nearer. The farmer was on top and one of his men was walking beside it.
Whenever they came to a hay-cock the farmer would stop the Horses, the man would run a long-handled, shining pitch-fork into the hay on the ground and throw it up to the farmer. Then it would be trampled down on to the load, the farmer's wife would rake up the scattering hay which was left on the ground, and that would be thrown up also.
The biggest Clouded Grasshopper said to his brothers, "You dare not sit still while they put this hay on the load!"
The smallest Clouded Grasshopper said, "I do too!"
The second brother said, "Huh! Guess I dare do anything you do!" He said it in a rather mean way, and that may have been because he had eaten too much.
Overeating will make any insect cross.
Now every one of them was afraid, but each waited for the others to back out.
While they were waiting, the wagon stopped beside them, the shining fork was run into the hay, and they were shaken and stood on their heads and lifted through the air on to the wagon. There they found themselves all tangled up with hay in the middle of the load. It was dark and they could hardly breathe.
There were a few stems of nettles in the hay, and they had to crawl away from them. It was no fun at all, and they didn't talk very much.
When the wagon reached the barn, they were pitched into the mow with the hay, and then they hopped and fluttered around until they were on the floor over the Horses' stalls. They sat together on the floor and wondered how they could ever get back to the meadow. Because they had come in the middle of the load, they did not know the way.
"Oh!" said they. "Who are those four-legged people over there?"
"Kittens!" sang a Swallow over their heads. "Oh, tittle-ittle-ittle-ee!"
The Clouded Grasshoppers had never seen Kittens. It is true that the old Cat often went hunting in the meadow, but that was at night, when Grasshoppers were asleep.
"Meouw!" said the Yellow Kitten. "Look at those queer little brown people on the floor. Let's each catch one."
So the Kittens began crawling slowly over the floor, keeping their bodies and tails low, and taking very short steps. Not one of them took his eyes off the Clouded Grasshopper whom he meant to catch. Sometimes they stopped and crouched and watched, then they went on, nearer, nearer, nearer, still, while the Clouded Grasshoppers were more and more scared and wished they had never left the meadow where they had been so safe and happy.
At last the Kittens jumped, coming down with their sharp little claws just where the Clouded Grasshoppers—had been. The Clouded Grasshoppers had jumped too, but they could not stay long in the air, and when they came down the Kittens jumped again. So it went until the poor Clouded Grasshoppers were very, very tired and could not jump half so far as they had done at first.
Sometimes the Kittens even tried to catch them while they were fluttering, and each time they came a little nearer than before. They were so tired that they never thought of leaping up on the wall of the barn where the Kittens couldn't reach them.
At last the smallest Clouded Grasshopper called to his brothers, "Let us chase the Kittens."
The brothers answered, "They're too big."
The smallest Clouded Grasshopper, who had always been the brightest one in the family, called back, "We may scare them if they are big."
Then all the Clouded Grasshoppers leaped toward the Kittens and crackled their wings and looked very, very fierce. And the Kittens ran away as fast as they could. They were in such a hurry to get away that the Yellow Kitten tumbled over the White Kitten and they rolled on the floor in a furry little heap. The Clouded Grasshoppers leaped again, and the Kittens scrambled away to their nest in the hay, and stood against the wall and raised their backs and their pointed little tails, and opened their pink mouths and spat at them, and said,
"There!" said the smallest Clouded Grasshopper to them, "we won't do anything to you this time, because you are young and don't know very much, but don't you ever bother one of us again. We might have hopped right on to you, and then what could you have done to help yourselves?"The Clouded Grasshoppers started off to find their way back to the meadow, and the frightened Kittens looked at each other and whispered: "Just supposing they had hopped on to us! | FINEWEB-EDU |
Demetrio Castillo Duany
Demetrio Castillo Duany (November 17, 1856 – November 27, 1922) was a Cuban revolutionary, soldier, and politician. He fought in the Cuban Independence and Spanish–American wars.
Demetrio Castillo Duany was born in Santiago de Cuba, into one of the leading families of the eastern region of Cuba and he went to France for his education. After spending some years at the Lycée of Bordeaux he went on to the United States where he studied English and entered an established business house.
In 1878, at the age of twenty-two, he returned to Santiago de Cuba to take charge of the interests of his mother. A year later the outbreak of the "little war" obliged him to emigrate to the United States where he remained until 1885.
At the outbreak of war in 1895, he joined the Revolutionary forces under Victoriano Garzón during the War of Independence. He was soon transferred to the staff of José Maceo. His valor and enterprise brought him rapid advancement. He became Lieutenant Colonel after the actions of Yerba de Guinea and la Curia and became Colonel after the battles at El Triunfo and Sao del Indio. Three days before the fatal encounter of Loma de Gato in which Maceo lost his life he promoted Castillo Duany to the rank of Brigadier General.
When the United States entered the war against Spain, General Garcia selected Brigadier General Castillo Duany to confer with the American commanders and to arrange for cooperation with them. In fulfilment of this commission General Castillo Duany conferred with Admiral Sampson on board the battleship New York to concert plans for the landing of American troops and to provide for joint action with the Cuban forces. Under his command, the Cubans captured Siboney and thus reduced the risk of the disembarkation of the American force. He continued to cooperate with the Americans throughout the remainder of the war.
He also opened a business school in New York and was in the Cuban presidential cabinet heading War and Navy.
When hostilities ceased he turned to politics. In 1898 he was named Governor of Santiago de Cuba and was later appointed Civil Governor of the Eastern Province under the American Intervention. He was one of the founders of the Republican party in Oriente which later merged with the Liberal party. In 1906 he was associated with the Revolutionary Committee and was arrested and imprisoned until the arrival of the American commissioners, who released him. Soon thereafter, Governor Charles Magoon appointed him Chief of the Penitentiary of the Republic. In consequence of the Revolution of 1916–1917 he retired from office and resumed the life of a private citizen. He died in his native city of Santiago de Cuba. | WIKI |
User:Hjk hjej/sandbox
= The Dagestani People = By Jonathan Hernandez, and Christopher Santos
The Republic of Dagestan, or simply Dagestan, is a federal subject (a republic) of Russia, located in the North Caucasus region. Its capital and largest city is Makhachkala, located at the center of Dagestan on the Caspian Sea coast. Its government was dissolved in a major corruption investigation on 5 February 2018, and the region is currently under the direct control of the Russian government.
With a population of 2,910,249, Dagestan is very ethnically diverse and Russia's most heterogeneous republic, with none of its several dozen ethnicities and subgroups forming a majority. Largest among these ethnicities are the Avar, Dargin, Kumyk, Lezgian, Laks, Azerbaijani, Tabasaran, and Chechen. Ethnic Russians comprise about 3.6% of Dagestan's total population. Russian is the primary official language
Dagestan has been a scene of Islamic insurgency, occasional outbreaks of separatism, and ethnic tension since the 1990s. According to International Crisis Group, the militant Islamist organization Shariat Jamaat is responsible for much of the violence. Much of the tension is rooted in an internal Islamic conflict between traditional Sufi groups advocating secular government and more recently introduced Salafist teachers preaching the implementation of a certain form of Sharia in Dagestan.
The word Dagestan is of Turkish and Persian origin. Dağ means 'mountain' in Turkish and -stan is a Persian meaning 'land'.
The name Dagestan referred to Dagestan Oblast during 1860 to 1920, corresponding to the southeastern part of the present-day Republic. The current borders were created with the establishment of the Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in 1921, by the inclusion of the eastern part of Terek Oblast.
Official and biggest languages spoken
* Russian
* Avar
* Dargin
* Kumyk
* Lezgian
* Lak
* Tabasaran
* Rutul
* Aghul
* Tsakhur
* Nogai
* Chechen
* Azerbaijani
Geography
Dagestan is in the North Caucasus mountains. It is bordered on its eastern side by the Caspian Sea. Dagestan has an of Area: 50300 km2''. Dagestan Borders three countries inside Russia Republic of Kalmyki to the north, Chechen Republic to the west, and Stavropol Krai to the north west. Dagestan also borders two more countries outside of Russia,'' Azerbaijan to the south, and Georgia to the southwest.
Islamic Influence
In 664, the Persians were succeeded by the rising Arabs from the Arab caliphate, who in the 8th century repeatedly clashed with the Khazars (Controlled Dagestan at the time). Although the local population rose against the Arabs in 905 and 913, Islam was eventually adopted in Dagestan. By the 15th century, Albanian Christianity had died away to rising Islam and Russian Orthodoxy.
Beginning of Russian Rule
In 1806 the khanate voluntarily submitted to Russian authority, but it was not until the aftermath of the Russo-Persian War (1804-1813) that Russian power over Dagestan was confirmed, and that Qajar Iran officially ceded the territory to Russia. In 1813, following Russia's victory in the war, Iran was forced to cede southern Dagestan with its principal city of Derbent, alongside other vast territories in the Caucasus to Russia, in the Treaty of Gulistan. The 1828 Treaty of Turkmenchay indefinitely consolidated Russian control over Dagestan and removed Iran completely from Dagestan.
Soviet Era
On 21 December 1917 Ingushetia, Chechnya, and Dagestan declared independence from Russia and formed a single state called the Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus which was recognized by major world powers. The capital of the new state was moved to Temir-Khan-Shura (Dagestan). In 1921, Russians attacked and occupied the country and forcefully joined it to the Soviet state. The Caucasian war for independence continued but the government went into exile. After the Bolshevik Revolution, Ottoman armies occupied Azerbaijan which had been split off from the rest of the Mountainous republic of the Northern Caucasus. After three years of fighting the White army and other nationalists groups, the Bolsheviks achieved victory and the Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was proclaimed on January 20, 1921. After Stalin became the leader of the Soviet Union his industrialization largely bypassed Dagestan and the economy was crippled, making it one of the most poorest regions in Russia.
Post-Soviet Era
In 1999, an Islamist group from Chechnya launched a military invasion of Dagestan, with the aim of creating an "independent Islamic State of Dagestan". The invaders were driven back by the Russian military. As a retaliation, Russian forces subsequently reinvaded Chechnya later that year. Violence in the Republic exploded from the beginning of 2010 to the end of 2012. This upsurge led many people to claim that Dagestan was about to enter into a situation of sectarian civil war. Dagestan became the epicenter of violence in the North Caucasus with Makhachkala, Kaspiisk, Derbent, Khasavyurt, Kizlyar, Sergokala, Untsukul, and Tsumada all becoming hotbeds of militant activities.
Demographics
* Dagestan is unusually ethnically diverse, and still largely tribal.
* It is Russia's most heterogeneous republic.
* Dagestan has a rapidly growing population.
Ethnicities
The people of Dagestan include a large variety of ethnicities. According to the 2010 Census, Northeast Caucasians (including Avars, Dargins, Lezgins, Laks, Tabasarans, and Chechens) make up almost 75% of the population of Dagestan. Turkic peoples, Kumyks, Azerbaijanis, and Nogais make up 21%, and Russians 3.6%. Other ethnicities each account for less than 0.4% of the total population.
(The indigenous ethnicities of Dagestan are in bold)
There are also around 40 groups such as the Hinukh that are 439 of the total population of Dagestan, and the Akhvakhs, who are members of a complex family of indigenous Caucasians.
Languages
More than 30 local languages are commonly spoken, most belonging to the Northeast Caucasian language family group. Russian became the principal lingua franca in Dagestan during the 20th century; prior to that, beginning in the 18th century, it had been Classical Arabic. The northern Avar dialect of Khunzakh has also served as a lingua franca in central Dagestan. Over 20 of Russia's 131 endangered languages as identified by UNESCO can be found in Dagestan. Most of these endangered languages have Dagestani speakers in the mountainous region on the Dagestan-Georgia border.
Religion
According to a 2012 survey 83% of the population of Dagestan adheres to Islam, 2.4% to the Russian Orthodox Church, 2% to Caucasian folk religion and other native faiths, 1% are non-denominational Christians. In addition, 9% of the population declares to be "spiritual but not religious", 2% is atheist and 0.6% follows other religions or did not answer the question.
Dagestanis are largely Sunni Muslims, of the Shafii rites, that has been in place for centuries. On the Caspian coast, particularly in and around the port city of Derbent, the population (primarily made up of Azerbaijanis) is Shia. There is also a Salafi population, which is often a target of official repression.
A relatively large number of native Tati speaking Jews, designated by the Soviet state censuses as the "Mountain Jews" were also present in this same coastal areas, but since 1991 and the collapse of the Soviet Union they have migrated to Israel and the United States. These were an extension of much larger Jewish community across the border in Azerbaijan (districts of Quba and Shamakhi).
The appearance of Sufi mysticism in Dagestan dates back to the 14th century. The two Sufi tariqas that spread in the North Caucasus were the Naqshbandiya and the Qadiriya. The mystic Tariqas preached tolerance and coexistence between the diverse people in the region. The Communist total intolerance for any religion after the Communist Revolution of 1917 also suppressed the Sufi movements. Shaykh Said Afandi al-Chirkawi was a prominent scholar, spiritual leader and murshid of Naqshbandi and Shadhili tariqahs in Dagestan until his death.
The number of Christians among the non-Slavic indigenous population is very low, with estimates between 2,000 and 2,500. Most of these are Pentecostal Christians from the Lak ethnicity. The largest congregation is Osanna Evangelical Christian Church (Pentecostal) in Makhachkala, with more than 1,000 members. | WIKI |
The Law of Demeter - Writing Shy Code
In all my years of building server-side applications, I have come to believe that the single most important aspect that determines the long term success of these projects isn’t the speed of algorithms or the fancy frameworks. Nope. It’s the complexity of the code. Unmanaged complexity has a profound effect on the maintainability of large projects. Applications that are difficult to understand aren’t amenable to refactoring. Introducing new features become a slow and painful process, increasing the crucial time to market. I’ve seen complicated systems where developers were petrified of making even small changes in the fear that they might inadvertently break some other part. Or the spaghetti code that is only understood by a single individual or a handful of developers who get a free pass on anything because the project will be doomed if they quit.
There are multiple factors that contribute to code complexity. One important factor is the amount of coupling or interdependencies between the application’s modules. Let’s walkthrough a trivial example. Suppose there’s a server that allows users to connect. When users connect and authenticate, they are wrapped in a ‘User’ class:
// Represents a user
class User {
public final String username;
public final int id;
public final Socket socket;
public void disconnect() {
socket.close();
}
// Other methods that operate on the socket.
}
If we want to send a message a user, we would do something like this:
// Another class
class Message {
// Send "Hello." string to a User
public void sayHello(User user) {
Socket s = user.socket; // Get the user's socket
OutputStream outputStream = s.getOutputStream();
PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(outputStream);
out.println("Hello."); // send the message to the socket.
}
}
The User class has an obvious flaw: it failed to encapsulate the socket object and leaked it to the world. If we want to change this implementation in the future (e.g. use an asynchronous socket library), we’ll have to make changes in many places.
However, the sayHello(…) method of the Message class isn’t entirely innocent. It sinned in the manner in which it interacted with the socket object. It obtained access to an independent “third-party” object (socket) and used it directly. The example might be contrived, but I have seen this pattern far too many times in “real-world” applications. The good news is that this can be easily detected using a technique with a fancy name: The Law of Demeter. The “law” (the term itself is a misnomer. It’s rather a technique or a guideline) can be summarized as:
• Each unit should have only limited knowledge about other units: only units “closely” related to the current unit.
• Each unit should only talk to its friends; don’t talk to strangers.
• Only talk to your immediate friends.
The fundamental notion is that a given object should assume as little as possible about the structure or properties of anything else (including its subcomponents), in accordance with the principle of “information hiding”.
In short, tight coupling between logically independent modules violates the Law of Demeter. Although, it is a side effect of poor encapsulation, the law discourages direct access and use of third-party objects. Here’s a good example to illustrate the Law of Demeter:
public class Foo {
/**
* This example will result in two violations.
*/
public void example(Bar b) {
// this method call is ok, as b is a parameter of "example"
C c = b.getC();
// this method call is a violation, as we are using c, which we got from B.
// We should ask b directly instead, e.g. "b.doItOnC();"
c.doIt();
// this is also a violation, just expressed differently as a method chain without temporary variables.
b.getC().doIt();
// a constructor call, not a method call.
D d = new D();
// this method call is ok, because we have create the new instance of D locally.
d.doSomethingElse();
}
}
Now scroll back up and look at the sayHello(...) method. It violates the Law of Demeter by talking to a stranger: the socket object. Even though the method itself is pretty much helpless, it helps us detect tight-coupling. The problem starts with the User class that failed to hide its internal details. So let’s fix it:
class User {
public final String username;
public final int id;
// Make the field private to hide it from the world.
private final Socket socket;
// Simplified implementation to encapsulate messaging functionality
void sendMessage(String message) {
OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(outputStream);
out.println(message);
}
}
Now we can fix the sayHello(...) method to stop relying on the socket object:
class Message {
// Doesn't violate the Law of Demeter anymore.
public void sayHello(User user) {
user.sendMessage("Hello.");
}
}
(Coupling) Problem solved. In their book The Pragmatic Programmer, Andrew and Dave suggest writing “shy” code that doesn’t interact with too many things.
I keep an eye out for the Law of Demeter violations when writing or reviewing code and refactor code to reduce unnecessary coupling where it makes sense. This could be automated with source code analyzers. I haven’t personally used it myself so take my advice with a grain of salt. I’ll update this post if I use it myself.
This article was written by Umer Mansoor. Please leave your comments below and like on Facebook or follow on Twitter to stay up-to-date.
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[Openvpn-devel,v2,7/8] route: warn on IPv4 routes installation when no IPv4 is configured
Message ID 20180608052017.6696-8-a@unstable.cc
State New
Delegated to: Gert Doering
Headers show
Series
• Allow IPv6-only tunnels
Related show
Commit Message
Antonio Quartulli June 8, 2018, 5:20 a.m.
From: Antonio Quartulli <antonio@openvpn.net>
Signed-off-by: Antonio Quartulli <antonio@openvpn.net>
---
src/openvpn/route.c | 10 +++++++++-
1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
Patch
diff --git a/src/openvpn/route.c b/src/openvpn/route.c
index 8990a986..64fd08c0 100644
--- a/src/openvpn/route.c
+++ b/src/openvpn/route.c
@@ -981,7 +981,7 @@ del_bypass_routes(struct route_bypass *rb,
static void
redirect_default_route_to_vpn(struct route_list *rl, const struct tuntap *tt, unsigned int flags, const struct env_set *es)
{
- const char err[] = "NOTE: unable to redirect default gateway --";
+ const char err[] = "NOTE: unable to redirect IPv4 default gateway --";
if (rl && rl->flags & RG_ENABLE)
{
@@ -1171,6 +1171,14 @@ add_routes(struct route_list *rl, struct route_ipv6_list *rl6, const struct tunt
{
struct route_ipv4 *r;
+ if (rl->routes && !tt->did_ifconfig_setup)
+ {
+ msg(M_INFO, "WARNING: OpenVPN was configured to add an IPv4 "
+ "route over %s. However, no IPv4 has been configured for "
+ "this interface, therefore the route installation may "
+ "fail or may not work as expected.", tt->actual_name);
+ }
+
#ifdef ENABLE_MANAGEMENT
if (management && rl->routes)
{ | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Kan Survives Japan No-Confidence Vote After Post-Crisis Resignation Signal
Japan’s Prime Minister Naoto Kan
survived a no-confidence vote after appealing to ruling party
dissidents by offering to resign once the country’s worst crisis
since World War II is under control. The Diet’s lower house voted 293-152 against the motion, as
opposition lawmakers failed to attract enough support from Kan’s
Democratic Party of Japan . Former DPJ premier Yukio Hatoyama
called for party unity in rejecting the bill after Kan said he
would step down once the disaster is contained. Deepening discontent over the government’s handling of the
March earthquake and tsunami that precipitated the worst nuclear
disaster in 25 years prompted the measure. Growing disunity in
the ruling party hampered Kan’s efforts to deal with a stagnant
economy and heightened concerns over the government’s ability to
reign in the nation’s debt burden. “Kan won a measure of confidence but only on the condition
that he won’t last long,” said Steven R. Reed, a professor of
political science at Chuo University in Tokyo . The opposition
“got a resignation promise from Kan, making him a lame duck.” Japanese government bond futures rose as concerns over
political instability eased. Ten-year yields fell four basis
points to 1.14 percent. The yen was little changed at 80.89 per
dollar at 4:48 p.m. in Tokyo, while the benchmark Nikkei 225 (NKY)
Stock Average closed down 1.7 percent before the vote. ‘Younger Generation’ Speaking in a nationally televised meeting of DPJ lawmakers
ahead of the vote, Kan said he would “like to pass on my
responsibility to a younger generation once we reach a certain
stage in tackling the disaster and I’ve fulfilled my role.” While the comment likely reduced the number of DPJ
dissidents who had planned on voting against him, conflicting
interpretations arose over how soon Kan might step down. Hatoyama, who along with indicted former DPJ chief party
chief Ichiro Ozawa had sought Kan’s ouster, said the prime
minister agreed in a meeting to step down as early as this month
after a second post-quake stimulus bill is drafted. DPJ
Secretary-General Katsuya Okada said there were no conditions or
timing attached to Kan’s comment. Speaking at a late-night press conference, Kan denied
reaching an agreement with Hatoyama on when he might resign. He
said “it’s my responsibility” to stay on until the situation at
a crippled nuclear power plant is stabilized through a cold
shutdown of its reactors. Tokyo Electric Power Co. in April said
it aims to stabilize the facility in six to nine months. ‘Unavoidably Damaged’ The prime minister “will be unavoidably damaged” by
today’s vote, said Yasunori Sone , a political science professor
at Keio University in Tokyo. “Even if Kan is replaced, it will
be difficult for anybody to manage a divided party and a
government that doesn’t control parliament.” Kan’s announcement is likely to spur speculation over who
in the party will replace him. Possible successors include Okada,
Chief Cabinet Secretary Yukio Edano and former foreign minister
Seiji Maehara . All were among a group voters cited as preferable
candidates in a Nikkei newspaper survey published May 30. Kan’s approval rating was 26 percent in an Asahi poll
published May 16, up five percentage points from a month ago,
while his unfavorable rating was 51 percent. Almost two-thirds
of those asked disapproved of his response to the crisis at the
nuclear plant, where reactor meltdowns sent radiation into the
air and sea and prompted the evacuation of 50,000 households. Opposition Demand The main opposition Liberal Democratic Party , the New
Komeito party and the Sunrise Party of Japan yesterday submitted
the motion to the Diet’s lower house. LDP leader Sadakazu Tanigaki yesterday repeated his call for Kan to step down in a
parliamentary debate, saying the prime minister’s resignation
“would pave the way for cross-party unity.” Several opposition groups coalesced to form the DPJ in 1998
and the party came to power in 2009, ending the monopoly of the
LDP, which had ruled for all but 10 months since 1955. Kan took
office after Hatoyama resigned in June last year when he reneged
on an election pledge to move a U.S. military base from the
island of Okinawa, angering local residents and prompting a
coalition partner to bolt the government. Kan has been unable to reach common ground with the LDP
over efforts to rebuild in the wake of the disaster, which left
almost 24,000 people dead or missing. He has also failed to win
opposition support for legislation authorizing 44.3 trillion yen
($545 billion) in government bond sales to finance Japan ’s debt. Moody’s Investors Service on May 31 put the country’s debt
rating on review for a downgrade, citing concerns over the
government’s ability to fashion and “achieve a credible deficit
reduction target” and the “intensifying level of political
challenges” for Kan. To contact the reporters on this story:
Sachiko Sakamaki in Tokyo at
ssakamaki1@bloomberg.net ;
Takashi Hirokawa in Tokyo at
thirokawa@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Peter Hirschberg at
phirschberg@bloomberg.net | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Client-Side Web Scripting
Marco shows you how to read or download only the parts that interest you from a web page.
There are many web browsers and FTP clients for Linux, all rich in features and able to satisfy all users, from command-line fanatics to 3-D multiscreen desktop addicts. They all share one common defect, however: you have to be at the keyboard to drive them. Of course, fine tools like wget can mirror a whole site while you sleep, but you still have to find the right URL first, and when it's finished you must read through every bit that was downloaded anyway.
With small, static sites, it's no big deal, but what if every day you want to download a page that is given a random URL? Or what if you don't want to read 100K of stuff just to scroll a few headlines?
Enter client-side web scripting, i.e., all the techniques that allow you to spend time only looking at web pages (or parts of them) that interest you, and only after your computer found them for you. With such scripts you could read only the traffic or weather information related to your area, download only certain pictures from a web page or automatically find the single link you need.
Mandatory Warning about Copyright and Bandwidth Issues
Besides saving time, client-side web scripting lets you learn about some important issues and teaches you some self-discipline. For one thing, doing indiscriminately what is explained here may be considered copyright infringement in some cases or may consume so much bandwidth as to cause the shutdown of your internet account or worse. On the other hand, this freedom to surf is possible only as long as web pages remain in nonproprietary languages (HTML/XML), written in nonproprietary ASCII.
Finally, many fine sites can survive and remain available at no cost only if they send out enough banners, so all this really should be applied with moderation.
What Is Available
As usual, before doing something from scratch, one should check what has already been done and reuse it, right? A quick search on Freshmeat.net for “news ticker” returns 18 projects, from Kticker to K.R.S.S to GKrellM Newsticker.
These are all very valid tools, but they only fetch news, so they won't work without changes in different cases. Furthermore, they are almost all graphical tools, not something you can run as a cron entry, maybe piping the output to some other program.
In this field, in order to scratch only your very own itch, it is almost mandatory to write something for yourself. This is also the reason why we don't present any complete solution here, but rather discuss the general methodology.
What Is Needed
The only prerequisites to take advantage of this article are to know enough Perl to put together some regular expressions and the following Perl modules: LWP::UserAgent, LWP::Simple, HTML::Parse, HTML::Element, URI::URL and Image::Grab. You can fetch these from CPAN (www.cpan.org). Remember that, even if you do not have the root password of your system (typically on your office computer), you still can install them in the directory of your choice, as explained in the Perl documentation and the relevant README files.
Everything in this article has been tested under Red Hat Linux 7.2, but after changing all absolute paths present in the code, should work on every UNIX system supporting Perl and the several external applications used.
Collecting the Basic Information
All the tasks described below, and web-client scripting in general, require that you can download and store internally for further analysis the whole content of some initial web page, its last modification date, a list of all the URLs it contains or any combination of the above. All this information can be collected with a few lines of code at the beginning of each web-client script, as shown in Listing 1.
Listing 1. Collecting the Basic Information
The code starts with the almost mandatory “use strict” directive and then loads all the required Perl modules. Once that is done, we proceed to save the whole content of the web page in the $HTML_FILE variable via the get() method. With the instruction that follows, we save each line of the HTTP header in one element of the @HEADER array. Finally, we define an array (@ALL_URLS), and with a for() cycle, we extract and save inside it all the links contained in the original web page, making them absolute if necessary (with the abs() method). At the end of the cycle, the @ALL_URLS array will contain all the URLs found in the initial document.
A complete description of the Perl methods used in this code, and much more, can be found in the book Web Client Programming (see Resources).
______________________
Articles about Digital Rights and more at http://stop.zona-m.net CV, talks and bio at http://mfioretti.com
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QuickStart with Deployment
Deploy on managed autoscaling pods on NimbleBox.ai
Deployment is a major bottleneck for DS/ML engineers to get their systems into production. Unless any model is in production there really is no way to complete a project. nbox as an SDK makes deployment just one command, literally!
When on our platform, first step is to open terminal from the App Bar on your left and type the command below. This initialises the cuda101 environment and installs our SDK nbox
(A) Activting account and installing nbox
1
conda activate cuda101 && pip install nbox
Copied!
Now go to VSCode and create a new file called nbox_test.py and start adding the following:
(B) Add Basic Imports
1
#!/usr/bin/env python3
2
3
import os
4
import numpy as np
5
6
import nbox
7
from nbox.utils import folder, join, get_image
8
9
import warnings
10
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore")
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You can bring your own model, for this tutorial we want to deploy torchvision/resnet18. Loading models is super easy, either use a publicly available models or bring in your own models. Add the following code to nbox_text.py
(C) Loading the model
1
model = nbox.load(
2
"torchvision/resnet18",
3
pretrained = True,
4
)
5
image_url = "https://github.com/NimbleBoxAI/nbox/raw/master/tests/assets/cat.jpg"
6
out = model(image_url)
7
print(out[0].topk(5))
Copied!
Now comes the cool part, i.e. deploying models. There is already support for deploying a tonne of models directly from nbox. For deployment you need to give it any input_object that can be used to perform trace (torchscript / ONNX). If you do not resize the input image the deployed model will have default shape, so for now we will resize the image to (244, 244) and then pass it for deployment.
(D) Deploying the model
1
image = get_image(image_url) # get the PIL.Image object
2
3
# you can skip the following shape if the shape is already correct
4
image = image.resize((244, 244))
5
6
# simply provide the input_object and watch the Terminal
7
model.deploy(input_object = image)
Copied!
Now wait for the deployment to complete. You can check out the dashboard till then and once deployed you will see the URL and API key for your model. Copy and pass it to the nbox.load() method.
(E) Cloud Inference
1
model = nbox.load(
2
"https://api.nimblebox.ai/user/my_big_model/",
3
"nbxdeploy_zpO8I8AVzvOetQYAZanzP2mMgJ5oh84LG0wZdgh3U"
4
)
Copied!
Now use the model without being concerned with the API hits, as nbox handles it internally.
(F) Cloud Inference usage
1
out = model("https://github.com/NimbleBoxAI/nbox/raw/master/tests/assets/cat.jpg")
2
print(out.shape) # == (1, 1000)
Copied!
So, you can see how easy it is to load a model, test it and deploy it in minutes. You can head over to technical documentation for further reading on this.
Deploy models in minutes not days!
Last modified 24d ago
Copy link | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Mood-Food Relationships
Mood-Food Relationships
Research on the connection between a person's mood and the food he or she eats has reveled what many people have long believed, that eating a certain food can influence a person's mood—at least temporarily. Research by Judith Wurtman, a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), has focused on how certain foods alter one's mood by influencing the level of certain brain chemicals called neurotransmitters. While many other factors influence the level of these chemicals, such as hormones, heredity, drugs, and alcohol, three neurotransmitters—dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin—have been studied in relation to food, and this research has shown that neurotransmitters are produced in the brain from components of certain foods.
Effects of Neurotransmitters
Wurtman has reported that people are more alert when their brains are producing the neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine, while serotonin production in the brain has been associated with a more calming, anxiety-reducing effect (and even drowsiness in some people). A stable brain serotonin level is associated with a positive mood state. It appears that women have a greater sensitivity than men to changes in this brain chemical. Mood swings during the menstrual cycle and menopause are thought to be caused by hormonal changes that influence the production of serotonin.
How does diet play a role? The foods that increase the production of serotonin in the brain are high in carbohydrates. Many kinds of foods carbohydrates, such as candy, cereal, and pasta, can produce a temporary increase in brain serotonin—and a subsequent calming or anxiety-reducing effect. This explains why people may feel drowsy in the afternoon after eating a large meal of pasta, since a rise in serotonin in the brain can also lead to drowsiness. Carbohydrates affect brain serotonin because they increase the amount of tryptophan in the brain. Tryptophan is the amino-acid precursor of serotonin.
The two other important brain chemicals that appear to be influenced by foods, dopamine and norepinephrine, produce a feeling of alertness, an increased ability to concentrate, and faster reaction times. There are two possible mechanisms for how this happens: (1) serotonin production is blocked by the consumption of protein-rich foods, resulting in increased alertness or concentration, or (2) levels of dopamine and norepinephrine are increased by the consumption of protein-rich foods.
The food-mood response is short term. Eating tuna at lunch may increase alertness and concentration for two to three hours after eating, just as having pasta with tomato sauce will produce a calming response for two to three hours. Someday, there may be menus that offer foods for their intended mood effects. Such a menu might have selections such as "Smart Soup," "Happy Hamburger," "Serene Salad," or "Sleepy Spaghetti."
Mood Swings Videos
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0
I am trying to get the todays date , day and time .
Today is : 10th july 2018,tuesday and time is 3.23am
For time the below code works fine:
$wpplcurrenttime = current_time( 'g:i a', $gmt = 0 );
echo $wpplcurrenttime;
and out put is: 3.23 am which is correct
But strangely the date is not getting correct : the returned date is 9th july 2018,Monday
These are the codes i tried :
$dw = date('l');
echo $dw;
echo date(get_option('date_format'));
echo date('l jS F Y');
echo gmdate('w');
All of above codes gives a wrong date and day. I have double checked the WordPress general setting it is showing the date and time correctly.
Really appreciate the help Thanks
2
As mmm said, wp stores all dates× in gmt, but will show times as per the setting timezone. So you can cgange the timezone without the history needing to be updated. I prefer to use the php datetime when working with time. Gives better control and flexibility, eg if you want to show events in different users timezones, let the system deal with daylight saving etc.
To Fetch the wp timezone and create tz object, then use
$tzs = get_option('timezone_string');
$tzobj = timezone_open($tzs);
To create datetime object for 'now' in a particular timezone
$now = date_create('now',$tzobj );
to format dates & times, use any format accepted by date()
echo date_format($now, 'Y-m-d H:i:s');
| improve this answer | |
• i am having some troubles with get_option('timezone_string'); wordpress.stackexchange.com/questions/308238/… – Latheesh V M Villa Jul 11 '18 at 9:51
• Possibly the site is using the old gmt offset (less good since it doest cope wiuth daylight saving). If no timezonestring found, use $gmt_offset = get_option ('gmt_offset') and deal with the offset – anmari Jul 12 '18 at 0:10
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Display YouTube Videos Without Exiting Your Application
If you’d like to play a YouTube video inside your application there are two common ways to do this, by launching the YouTube player and by using a UIWebview.
Launch Native YouTube Application
This approach will exit your application and begin the YouTube player on the iPhone:
[[UIApplication sharedApplication]
openURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gczw0WRmHQU"]];
Clickable Thumbnail and UIWebview
If you’ve noticed in Safari on the iPhone, when the browser finds a YouTube video reference, a clickable link is created, which will start the movie when tapped without leaving Safari.
We can use the same approach within an iPhone application using a UIWebView, including a clickable link with a poster frame from the movie.
For this example I have created a separate class that subclasses UIWebView:
@interface YouTubeView : UIWebView
{
}
- (YouTubeView *)initWithStringAsURL:(NSString *)urlString frame:(CGRect)frame;
@end
Here’s the implementation of the class:
#import "YouTubeView.h"
@implementation YouTubeView
#pragma mark -
#pragma mark Initialization
- (YouTubeView *)initWithStringAsURL:(NSString *)urlString frame:(CGRect)frame;
{
if (self = [super init])
{
// Create webview with requested frame size
self = [[UIWebView alloc] initWithFrame:frame];
// HTML to embed YouTube video
NSString *youTubeVideoHTML = @"<html><head>\
<body style=\"margin:0\">\
<embed id=\"yt\" src=\"%@\" type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" \
width=\"%0.0f\" height=\"%0.0f\"></embed>\
</body></html>";
// Populate HTML with the URL and requested frame size
NSString *html = [NSString stringWithFormat:youTubeVideoHTML, urlString, frame.size.width, frame.size.height];
// Load the html into the webview
[self loadHTMLString:html baseURL:nil];
}
return self;
}
#pragma mark -
#pragma mark Cleanup
- (void)dealloc
{
[super dealloc];
}
@end
The magic here is the HTML for embedding the video content, and notice how the HTML is populated with the video URL and the desired frame size.
We can now insert this view inside a ViewController class as shown here:
// Create view that will act as link to youtube video,
// centering the view
YouTubeView *youTubeView = [[YouTubeView alloc]
initWithStringAsURL:@"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gczw0WRmHQU"
frame:CGRectMake(100, 170, 120, 120)];
[[self view] addSubview:youTubeView];
Here is how the clickable link looks, the image on the left is before the poster frame has downloaded, the right includes the poster frame:
Tapping the link will start the movie in a webview.
Project Source Code
You can download the source code here: Display YouTube Video Inside an iPhone Application.
Note: As Joao mentions in a comment below, this code will not run on the simulator.
18 Comments
1. I tried this on the iPhone and it worked perfectly, however this feature is not available on the simulator.
2. I’m curious: how does this work given that the embed type is “application/x-shockwave-flash” and Apple famously does not allow Flash on the iPhone?
• This code will fire up the native YouTube player on the iPhone (inside your app), which I imagine will map to a H.264 video versus flash. Anyone else know the specifics?
3. Thank you very much for the article, it’s great !
I have a problem, I always get a white frame when loading the youtube webview, do you know what could be wrong? I’m working with iOS 4.0
Thanks
4. This is the error I get..
Tried to obtain the web lock from a thread other than the main thread or the web thread. This may be a result of calling to UIKit from a secondary thread. Crashing now…
5. The quality of the video is bad on 3G network but great on wifi.The mobile youtube application has better video quality and its using quicktime player.
Can I play the video using quicktime (just like the mobile youtube application) instead of using the native youtube app?
• Praveen, I don’t know of a way to play a YouTUbe video other than the approach I mentioned in the post…anyone?
6. I’ve read in a few places that the second method doesn’t work in the simulator.
If I place a UiWebView in my app and give it a YouTube video URL, such that it displays the full page, when the video is clicked on, the desired functionality is achieved: the video is played in the YouTube app, and when the user clicks done, they are returned to my app.
That works in the simulator.
It’s the method of trying to get a “video-thumbnail” only that I can’t get to work, as in the screen shots above. Just to be clear, when I run the application in the simulator, I simply get a solid red UIWebView. If I refresh it, I then get the page that I supplied as the baseURL.
Is that what others are experiencing when they say “it doesn’t work in the simulator”?
Thanks, Gavin
7. Sorry, I forgot to mention that the solid red is simply the background colour I set in the html :)
8. Is there anyway of simulating a user click on a webview to start the youtube move? ie, we would like to start the movie without having to show the webview view, and still return to our application when the movie is done playing.
9. This method works great on the iPhone and iPod, but I’m seeing all sorts of problems when running on an iPad in compatibility mode. The movie isn’t rotated landscape, the UI is cut off (because of that), and the original view isn’t restored at the end of play. Has anyone gotten this to work on an iPad running iOS 3.2.2 in compatibility mode? I’d really like a way for my app to play embedded YouTube videos on the iPad, but I’ll have to just do the exit-app openURL thing if I can’t resolve this soon. Thanks for any suggestions.
10. Gavin, I just want to make sure that I understand. You’re saying that the method that works for you is to create a WebView with the URL of the YouTube video? That will only work in the Simulator. I just tried it on the iPad and it gives some pretty strange results. The video page loads fine, and if I tap the play button the video’s audio plays, but I don’t see any video. When I dismiss the controller with the webview in it, the sound keeps playing. If I just add the WebView as a subview of the current view, the same thing happens with the video playback.
Loading a WebView with a YouTube URL works in the Simulator because the Simulator has Mac OS X support that the mobile devices don’t have. As far as I know, that approach only works in a Mac OS X application, which is all the Simulator is. Did you find a way to make it work on a device too? I’d be really surprised, since the whole thumbnail approach came out of WebViews on the iPhone, etc. not supporting such a direct approach to the problem as that.
The “video thumbnail” approach doesn’t work in the Simulator because the Simulator doesn’t have the necessary YouTube plugin/mobile app support. That’s what people are referring to. The WebView for the thumbnail just appears empty and nonfunctional in the Simulator, but it works on the iPhone and iPod.
However, I’ve yet to see the “video thumbnail” approach work on the iPad, at least one running iOS 3.2.2 in compatibility mode. I’d love to see/hear otherwise, though.
– d
11. Thank you very much John!
I have tested this in an iPad device and works perfectly.
12. I have a problem on iPad devices, in iPhone when user taps on the Youtube (In UIWebView) the video starts playing in the Player which is perfect , but when i run the same code on iPad it does not open the player instead the video plays in the webview itself. Anyone knows how to get around this ?
13. Quick question.. Could this work with Justin.tv? Im working on an app and i was just wondering if this could work lets say that the user have the justin.tv app on my webview it would open the video on the justin.tv app.
14. thank you very much , but this doesn’t work on iOS 6
Comments are closed. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Menopause and Its Beginning: Age, Stages and Symptoms
Menopause is a special period in a female life when the menstrual cycle finishes and fertility becomes impossible. The process appears the moment the ovaries stop producing estrogen and progesterone, hormones, required for fertility. Additionally, to diagnose menopause, a woman should have no periods for over a year. Naturally, menopause happens with age, though there is an induced menopause type, which can be caused by certain treatment, surgery or disease.
Basically, it is inevitable to understand that similar to other health issues, menopause and its specifications are individual and depend much on a patient, her genes, overall health state and a range of other factors. On average, menopause appears at the age of 51, but in certain instances, it can start even at age 40. When this period starts too early, it is called premature menopause, which is determined by genes in an overwhelming majority of cases.
First Symptoms and Disorders Associated with Menopause
When you are approaching age 50-51, you should pay due attention to such symptoms as hot flashes, irregular menstrual periods and others. Once you have noticed abnormal symptoms, you should be ready for a complete stop of periods within the following 4 years. Among other symptoms of upcoming menopause are:
• Headache;
• Frequent mood swings;
• Hot flashes;
• Abnormal sweating;
• Vaginal soreness and dryness;
• Sleeping disorders;
• Painful sex;
• Racing heart;
• Decreased sex drive and others.
Some symptoms can appear rarely, while others can interfere with your health condition permanently. However, there are several effective ways to overcome devastating symptoms and ease the signs of menopause.
According to the medical information, certain lifestyle changes, including a healthy diet, regular exercises and giving up bad habits can help you relieve a whole range of disorders. Besides, the modern pharmaceutical market offers quality and effective drugs for the treatment of hot flashes. Nontraditional methods such as meditation or relaxation techniques may also be helpful. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Kishan Shrikanth
Birth date anonymously changed without summary
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kishan_Shrikanth&diff=112433331&oldid=108879210. Does anyone have a citation for his date of birth, since apparently it is in dispute? - Jmabel | Talk 09:09, 24 March 2007 (UTC)
jayanth gowda
very young entrepreneur.reciding in bangalore — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 12:40, 27 June 2013 (UTC)
External links modified (January 2018)
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I have just modified 3 external links on Kishan Shrikanth. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140827044650/http://www.supergoodmovies.com/17788/sandalwood/master-kishen-distinction-news-details to http://www.supergoodmovies.com/17788/sandalwood/master-kishen-distinction-news-details
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130801175304/http://www.coolavenues.com/startup/vc-zone/4th-tie-aspire-young-achiever-awards-3-talented-youngsters-inspire-entrepreneurs to http://www.coolavenues.com/startup/vc-zone/4th-tie-aspire-young-achiever-awards-3-talented-youngsters-inspire-entrepreneurs
* Added archive https://archive.is/20130130061256/http://india.nydailynews.com/business/f3d2e7353fcb135759f1761696f6e580/tie-aspire-announces-young-achiever-awards to http://india.nydailynews.com/business/f3d2e7353fcb135759f1761696f6e580/tie-aspire-announces-young-achiever-awards
Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot (Report bug) 14:40, 19 January 2018 (UTC) | WIKI |
Urasenke
Urasenke (裏千家) is one of the main schools of Japanese tea ceremony. Along with Omotesenke and Mushakōjisenke, it is one of the three lines of the Sen family descending from Sen no Rikyū, which together are known as the san-Senke or the "three Sen houses/families" (三千家).
The name "Urasenke", literally meaning "rear Sen house/family", came into existence due to the location of the homestead of this line of the Sen family in relation to what was originally the frontmost house (the omote) of the Sen estate. The other main schools of Japanese tea ceremony, Omotesenke and Mushakōjisenke, also follow this naming convention, with the former meaning "front Sen house/family", and the latter derived from the street name of the family's homestead, Mushakōji.
History
The three Sen houses derive from descendants of Sen no Rikyū, who was active during the Azuchi-Momoyama period and is the most historically important figure within Japanese tea ceremony.
Rikyū's hometown was Sakai, in the province of Izumi (in present-day Osaka prefecture). However, as his activities became centered in Kyoto, he kept a house in Kyoto. He also had his adopted son-in-law, Sen Shōan, who was married to his daughter Okame, move from Sakai to Kyoto, leaving his natural son, Sen Dōan, to tend the family home and business in Sakai. This represents the origin of the two branches of the Sen family (Senke) referred to as the Sakai-Senke and Kyō-Senke.
The Kyō-Senke, headed by Sen Shōan, eventually settled in a house located on Ogawa Street, in the neighborhood of Honpō-ji temple; the house and property representing the original Sen estate in Kyoto. Following the death of Rikyū, both Sen Dōan of the Sakai-Senke and Sen Shōan of the Kyō-Senke, inevitably caught up in the wrath of Toyotomi Hideyoshi which had been the reason for Rikyū's self-immolation, were in danger of also losing their lives, and so, to protect their homes and families, they went into hiding. After a number of months, however, both were able to return home.
Sen Dōan, still living in Sakai, left no successors to carry on the Sakai-Senke. Sen Shōan, however, upon returning home to Kyoto, already had a son born of himself and Okame, Sen Sōtan, to succeed him as head of the Kyō-Senke.
Sōtan had five offspring: the elder two, Kan'ō Sōsetsu (?-1652) and Ichiō Sōshū (1605-1676), were his sons born of his first wife. However, following her death, Sōtan remarried, having two sons (Kōshin Sōsa (1613-1672) and Sensō Sōshitsu (1622-1697)) and a daughter (Kure, dates unknown) by his second wife. His first and second sons, Kan'ō Sōsetsu and Ichiō Sōshū, began living independently when they were young men, with his fourth son, Sensō Sōshitsu, also leaving the family as a young man to train as an apprentice under a local doctor named Noma Gentaku. Due to the untimely death of Gentaku, however, Sensō returned home in 1645, and thereafter, with his father Sōtan's support, trained as a chanoyu expert, similarly to his older brother, Kōshin Sōsa, the heir to the family.
Around the year 1646, when Sōtan was roughly 68 years old, he gave up his headship of the family to Kōshin Sōsa, and moved into quarters which had been built at the rear of the house, including a tiny tea hut known as the Konnichian (今日庵). Sōtan's retirement quarters became Sensō's home base, with Sensō eventually becoming heir to the property.
Sōtan found employment for his eldest son, Ichiō Sōshū, with the Maeda clan of the Kaga domain, but Ichiō soon quit his position with the Maeda, leading to Sōtan disinheriting Ichiō. Sōtan's second son, Kan'ō Sōsetsu, had in contrast been adopted by the Yoshioka family in Kyoto, known for specialising in lacquerware under their business name of Yoshimonjiya. During this period, Kan'ō went by the name Yoshioka Kan'uemon. In his later life, however, Kan'ō returned to the Sen family, establishing a tea room named "Kankyuan" at his residence on Mushakōji street, and retrained as a chanoyu expert. With this, the direct descendants of Sen no Rikyū branched into the three lines of both the Sen family and schools of tea ceremony known as the san-Senke today.
Before the Meiji Restoration (1868), the heads of the three families served as chadō magistrates under various daimyō, respectively receiving a yearly stipend from them as payment for their services. Sensō Sōshitsu, fourth son of the family and leader of the branch that would eventually be known as the Urasenke, served the Maeda clan of Kaga. In generations following this, the head of the Urasenke family also served as a chadō magistrate for the Hisamatsu clan of the Iyo domain (present day Ehime Prefecture), as well as serving as caretaker to the clan's Kyoto residence. The eleventh generation head of the family, Gengensai (1810–77), born as the fifth son of a minor daimyō named Matsudaira Noritomo of the Mikawa Okudono domain, married into the Urasenke family, whilst also serving the Owari branch of the Tokugawa family. However, following the fall of the Tokugawa shogunate in 1868, the daimyō lost their positions, and the hereditary stipends which the three Sen families had been receiving came to an end. It was after this, and the loss of their positions serving the daimyō, that the Sen families established their iemoto system.
The entire historical Urasenke estate, located in the Kamigyō-ku ward of Kyoto, is referred to by the name of its representative tea room, the Konnichian.
Headmasters (iemoto)
All three major schools of Japanese tea ceremony share their first three generations of headmasters, known as the iemoto. Sen no Rikyū is their mutual first generation and family founder (祖), with his adopted son-in-law, Sen Shōan as their shared second generation iemoto, and Sen Shōan's son, Sen Sōtan, as their shared third generation iemoto.
From the fourth generation onwards, the three family lineages divide, with the heads of each family carrying the professional hereditary name used by the successive heads of their respective family. Upon succession to the position of iemoto of the Urasenke family and its school of chadō, the new iemoto assumes the professional name of Sōshitsu, and is officially referred to as Sen Sōshitsu. The current head of the Urasenke school of tea is Zabōsai Genmoku Sōshitsu, the 16th generation of the family, and is referred to as Sen Sōshitsu XVI.
Urasenke Foundation
The Urasenke Foundation (Ippan Zaidan Hōjin Konnichian (一般財団法人今日庵)) is an incorporated foundation originally registered by the Japanese government in 1949, during the era of the 14th generation grand master of Urasenke, Tantansai. Its stated purpose is to preserve and foster the cultural heritage of Urasenke, with its activities including the maintenance and management of the Urasenke estate and cultural assets, and the support of research and public education regarding the study of tea ceremony.
Its administrative office, together with that of the Urasenke Tankōkai Federation, is located within the five story Urasenke Center building located a short distance west of the historical Urasenke compound.
Branches
The Urasenke Tokyo Branch (Urasenke Tokyo Dōjō (裏千家東京道場)) was originally established in 1957 in Tokyo's Chiyoda ward, moving to its present quarters in the Ichigaya Kaga-cho section of Tokyo's Shinjuku ward in 1995. This Urasenke facility serves as the hub of the activities sponsored by the Urasenke head house in Japan's capital. Various training courses and special events held at Urasenke Konnichian are also held here, for the convenience of participants living in Eastern Japan. The main building contains replicas of the Totsutotsusai and Kan’untei tea rooms at Konnichian. The Urasenke Tokyo Branch is the only Urasenke branch in Japan.
From the mid-1960s onwards, Sen Sōshitsu XV (Hōunsai) began to dispatch qualified Urasenke chanoyu instructors to live overseas and, operating out of Urasenke Foundation branch offices or liaison offices, to teach the growing numbers of individuals who desired to pursue the practice of chado. The dates and places to which the teachers were dispatched and thus an Urasenke branch or liaison office was established were as follows:
* 1966, September. Hawaii (Honolulu), and Boston
* 1967, September. New York
* 1969, August. Rome, Italy
* 1972, June. Munich, Germany, when Urasenke donated a tea house named "Kanshoan" (閑松)
* 1973, February. Mexico (Mexico City)
* 1973, August. Hilo, Hawaii
* 1974, March. Brisbane (liaison office), Australia
* 1974, November. Peru (Lima)
* 1976, April. London, England; Düsseldorf, Germany; and Paris, France
* 1976, August. Brazil (São Paulo)
* 1980, December. San Francisco, California
* 1981, February. Seattle, Washington
* 1986, May. Schwarzwald (liaison office; became Freiburg liaison office in 1997, April), Germany
* 1991, March. Moscow (liaison office), Russia
* 1991, May. Beijing (liaison office; became branch in 1993), China
* 1992, August. Tianjin (liaison office), China
* 1993, April. Vancouver (liaison office; became branch in 1994), Canada
* 1993, August. Sydney, Australia
* 1994, September. Washington D.C.
* 1997, April. Netherlands (liaison office)
Independently registered Urasenke Foundation corporations
The Urasenke Foundation of Hawaii, headquartered at the Urasenke Hawaii Branch, was established as a USA registered non-profit corporation in 1976
The Urasenke Tea Ceremony Society, Inc, headquartered at the Urasenke Chanoyu Center, was established as a USA registered non-profit corporation in 1981, when the Urasenke New York Branch moved into the newly opened Urasenke Chanoyu Center, located at 153 East 69th St. in New York.
The Urasenke Foundation of California, headquartered at the Urasenke San Francisco Branch, was founded as a USA registered non-profit organization in 1994. It is generally known as Urasenke Foundation San Francisco.
Urasenke Tankōkai
The Urasenke Tankōkai (裏千家淡交会) is the membership organization for Urasenke teachers and students. It was initiated in 1940 by the fourteenth-generation head of Urasenke, Tantansai (1893-1964), with the aim of unifying and encouraging the practitioners of Urasenke chadō. In 1953, it was registered by the Ministry of Education and Culture as a not-for-profit incorporated association (shadan hōjin). It is now registered as a not-for-profit general incorporated association (ippan shadan hōjin). Its official registered name, as such, is Ippan Shadan Hōjin Chadō Urasenke Tankōkai (一般社団法人茶道裏千家淡交会). In English, it is referred to as the Urasenke Tankōkai Federation. Its stated aims are to ensure the standardization of the Urasenke chanoyu rules and tea-making procedures (temae), support research, encourage cooperation and exchange among all members, promote the practice of the principles laid down by the grand master, and expand the chadō population around the world. Also, it provides support for the purposes and activities of the Urasenke Foundation.
In Japan, the organization is divided into seventeen districts comprising 165 chapters (shibu) and 2 sub-chapters (shisho). Each district has a liaison council for the Gakkō Chadō (Tea Training in the Educational System) program sponsored by the organization. There are also 167 groups belonging to the organization's Seinenbu, or "Youth Division." These three entities organize seminars, tea gatherings, conventions, and many other activities. The central office, serving to coordinate the programs and activities of all these, is located in the Urasenke Center building at Urasenke headquarters, Kyoto. Twice a year, in the spring and autumn, it calls together a national meeting of chapter presidents, to decide upon general policies and activities. In 1999, the International Division of the Urasenke Foundation was moved under the umbrella of this office, effectively extending the organization to overseas regions. Currently there are 92 official Chadō Urasenke Tankōkai associations spread over 37 countries outside Japan.
Seinenbu
The Urasenke Tankōkai Seinenbu (裏千家淡交会青年部), or Urasenke Tankōkai Youth Division, is an organization for Urasenke chadō enthusiasts under the age of fifty. It was initiated in 1950 by the then Urasenke 15th-generation iemoto-to-be, Sen Sōkō, aiming to muster the combined power of Urasenke's youths toward rebuilding the war-torn nation. Its creed is "Train (修練) in order to better oneself; Serve (奉仕) your community; Friendship (友情) toward the world and among members." At first, the organization was called Seinenkai. This name was changed to Seinenbu in 1963. The organization's first chapters were established in Kure and Hiroshima in May, 1950. In 1966, the organization held its first National Convention, at the Kyoto International Conference Hall, at which there were over 2,200 attendees. In 1974, the organization's first chartered Urasenke Youth Ship (裏千家青年の船) friendship mission, with 418 participants, sailed to Okinawa and Hong Kong.
Urasenke Gakuen
The Urasenke Gakuen Chadō Senmon Gakkō (裏千家学園茶道専門学校), or "Urasenke Gakuen Professional College of Chadō," is generally known as the Urasenke Gakuen. It is located on the same neighborhood block as the Urasenke home in Kyoto, and is the only accredited school in Japan specializing in chadō education. It had its start in 1962, as the Urasenke Chadō Kenshūjō (裏千家茶道研修所), or "Urasenke Chadō Training Institute," run by Urasenke's incorporated foundation, Zaidan Hōjin Konnichian (known in English as the Urasenke Foundation). In 1971, its name was changed to "Urasenke Gakuen," and in 1976, its name was changed again, to "Urasenke Gakuen Chadō Senmon Gakkō." In 1983, it had its new start as a registered educational foundation (学校法人), and was formally accredited as a professional college by the Ministry of Education.
The number one characteristic of this professional college is that it is a chadō training center directly connected to the Urasenke Iemoto. The current Chairman of the Urasenke Gakuen Educational Foundation, and Principal of the Urasenke Gakuen Professional College, is Masako Sen, who is the wife of Urasenke Iemoto Sōshitsu Sen XVI.
In addition to its regular three-year course, which is referred to as the chadō-ka (茶道科) and provides a basic, comprehensive chadō education, it also has a separate one-year course and a graduate course referred to as the kenkyūka (研究科, "research course").
Furthermore, the Urasenke Gakuen has a non-Japanese students division called the "Midorikai" (lit., "green group"). The Midorikai study program is an intensive one-year program in which the students are provided with lectures and other instruction in English.
Urasenke in popular culture
* The Choose Your Own Adventure book: Mystery of Ura Senke (nº 44), by Shannon Gilligan, deals with the theft of one of the Urasenke school's most famous tea ceremony bowls, worth millions of yen on the black market. The protagonist and their friend Kenichi Doi, whose older brother Takashi is an Urasenke school apprentice, start investigating the case. | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Luke Temple
The result was keep. Liz Read! Talk! 03:11, 26 September 2022 (UTC)
Luke Temple
* – ( View AfD View log | edits since nomination)
Doesn't satisfy WP:MUSICBIO. Clarityfiend (talk) 01:10, 19 September 2022 (UTC)
* Delete No sources found, most are for Star Wars music for some reason. Nothing for this fellow. Oaktree b (talk) 02:31, 19 September 2022 (UTC)
* "Luke Skywalker" and "Jedi Temple" are mentioned together fairly frequently but adding a qualifier like music, band, album, or review finds plenty as per below. Skynxnex (talk) 14:08, 22 September 2022 (UTC)
* Note: This discussion has been included in the deletion sorting lists for the following topics: Bands and musicians and Massachusetts. Spiderone (Talk to Spider) 10:23, 19 September 2022 (UTC)
* Keep: He has full length articles in Pop Matters, New York Times , Under the Radar , reviews in Billboard , Boston Globe , and an interview in Tape Op . This is alongside the NPR and Pitchfork sources present in the article. There's plenty for this fellow. Why? I Ask (talk) 19:14, 19 September 2022 (UTC)
* Keep as per the multiple reliable sources coverage identified above that show a pass of WP:GNG so that deletion is unnecessary in my view, Atlantic306 (talk) 22:39, 20 September 2022 (UTC)
* Strong Keep given the additional articles found by . I was curious and searched a bit more and three more Pitchfork reviews: Snowbeast, Act Like You Don't Care, and Good Mood Fool. Consequence of Sound review, article in Premier Guitar, and luke temple tag on StereoGum has had 24 posts that are either reviews or mention him. Skynxnex (talk) 14:07, 22 September 2022 (UTC)
* There's an additional Pitchfork review I missed under his Art Feynman name ; article about him under that name in The Quietus ; and a newer Pop Matters story . Skynxnex (talk) 20:18, 22 September 2022 (UTC)
| WIKI |
india-pincode-regex/tests/SimpleTest.php
28 lines
814 B
PHP
<?php
use PIN\Validator as P;
use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
class SimpleTest extends TestCase {
const PINS = ['244713', '560029', '560030', '110011'];
const INVALID_PINS = ['999999', '99999', '9999', '999', '99', '9', '111111', '2447131'];
public function testSamplePins() {
foreach(self::PINS as $pin) {
$this->assertTrue(P::validate($pin), "$pin should be valid");
}
foreach(self::INVALID_PINS as $pin) {
$this->assertFalse(P::validate($pin), "$pin should be invalid");
}
}
public function testSearch() {
$this->assertSame(P::search("560029"), ["560029"]);
$this->assertSame(P::search("my pincode is 560029"), ["560029"]);
$this->assertSame(P::search("560029 244713"), ["244713", "560029"]);
$this->assertSame(P::search("address 560038 bangalore"), ["560038"]);
}
} | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Sig Libowitz
Sig Libowitz (born March 1, 1968) is an American lawyer, actor, film executive, writer, producer, and professor. He is currently the director of the Graduate Film and Media program at Johns Hopkins, a prestigious university in Baltimore, Maryland. Libowitz is notable for writing, producing, and acting in a film, The Response, which he wrote after reading the actual transcripts from the Guantanamo detainees' Combatant Status Review Tribunals.
Education
Libowitz earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in theatre and politics from New York University and a Juris Doctor from the University of Maryland School of Law in 2007. One of Libowitz's professors at law school distributed Guantanamo transcripts to his class. Libowitz decided the transcript could be turned into a script.
Career
From 2007 to 2012, Libowitz worked for the law firm Venable LLP.
Libowitz was a vice president of acquisitions and co-productions at Paramount Pictures. Prior to that, he was an executive at Film4 and Good Machine, where he oversaw production of the Academy Award-nominated film, In The Bedroom, starring Sissy Spacek, Tom Wilkinson, and Marisa Tomei. As an actor, Libowitz had recurring roles in The Sopranos and Law & Order.
The Response has screened at the Pentagon, United States Congress, United States Department of Justice, the United States Military Academy, and numerous universities including Harvard University, UCLA, and Columbia University. The Response was shortlisted for the 2010 Academy Award (Best Live Action Short) and won the 2009 ABA Award as Best of the Year in Drama and Literature. Previous ABA winners include To Kill a Mockingbird, Twelve Angry Men, and Judgment at Nuremberg.
Peter Riegert, Kate Mulgrew star as the two other JAG officers on the Tribunal. Aasif Mandvi stars as the detainee. Following the release of his film, The Response, Sig was invited to visit Guantanamo Bay, Cuba as a legal observer. | WIKI |
Carmarthenshire County Council
Carmarthenshire County Council (Cyngor Sir Gâr or Cyngor Sir Gaerfyrddin) is the local authority for the county of Carmarthenshire, Wales. It provides a range of services including education, planning, transport, social services and public safety. The council is one of twenty-two unitary authorities that came into existence on 1 April 1996 under the provisions of the Local Government (Wales) Act 1994. It took over local government functions previously provided by the three district councils of Carmarthen, Dinefwr, and Llanelli, as well as the county-level services in the area from Dyfed County Council, all of which councils were abolished at the same time.
The council is based at County Hall in Carmarthen.
History
It is the second body of this name; the previous Carmarthenshire County Council was formed on 1 April 1889 by the Local Government Act 1888, taking over the local government functions of the Quarter Sessions. The first election to the original council was held in January 1889 and the majority of the seats were won by the Liberals. This pattern continued until the 1920s from which time most rural seats were held by independents, while the Labour Party dominated the industrial part of the county.
The original Carmarthenshire County Council was abolished under the Local Government Act 1972, with the area becoming part of the county of Dyfed, which also covered the former administrative counties of Pembrokeshire and Cardiganshire. From 1974 until 1996 the area of the former administrative county of Carmarthenshire was split into the three districts of Carmarthen, Dinefwr, and Llanelli, with Dyfed County Council providing county-level services.
Under the Local Government (Wales) Act 1994 these councils established in 1974 were all abolished, and Carmarthenshire County Council was re-established as a unitary authority for the area.
Political control
The first election to the re-established council was held in 1995, initially operating as a shadow authority before coming into its powers on 1 April 1996. Political control of the council since 1996 has been held by the following parties:
Leadership
The leaders of the council since 1996 have been:
The council's chief executive since 2019 has been Wendy Walters. She succeeded Mark James, who had held the post for 17 years.
Composition
Following the 2022 election the composition of the council was: Of the independent councillors, 11 sit together as the "Independent Group", the other three are unaffiliated to any group. The next election is due in 2027.
Elections
Elections take place every five years. The last election was held on 5 May 2022.
Party with the most elected councillors in bold. Coalition agreements in Notes column
Electoral divisions
The county is divided into 51 electoral wards returning 75 councillors. In July 2021 Welsh Government accepted a number of ward change proposals by the Local Democracy and Boundary Commission for Wales, the changes gave a better parity of representation. Thirty-four wards remained unchanged.
Most of these wards are coterminous with communities. Most communities in Carmarthenshire have a community council. For each ward, councillors are elected to sit on Carmarthenshire County Council. The following table lists council wards, community councils and associated geographical areas. Communities with their own community council are marked with a *.
1889–1974
The administrative county of Carmarthen and the first Carmarthenshire County Council was established in 1889 under the Local Government Act 1888. The first elections were held in January 1889.
The council was headquartered in Llandovery until it moved to Carmarthen in 1907. Construction of a new County Hall started in 1939 but, due to the World War, was not completed until 1955.
Elections
* 1889 Carmarthenshire County Council election
* 1892 Carmarthenshire County Council election
* 1895 Carmarthenshire County Council election
* 1898 Carmarthenshire County Council election
* 1901 Carmarthenshire County Council election
* 1904 Carmarthenshire County Council election
* 1907 Carmarthenshire County Council election
* 1910 Carmarthenshire County Council election
* 1913 Carmarthenshire County Council election
* 1946 Carmarthenshire County Council election
Dissolution
The county council was abolished under the Local Government Act 1972 on 1 April 1974, with the creation of Dyfed. | WIKI |
Facebook has a new type of video ad meant to get people shopping
Facebook is launching a new type of ad to help people find and buy products they might see from videos marketers share on the service. The new format, called Collections, will let marketers attach multiple product images to a video ad in News Feed. Clicking on an image will bring users to a product catalogue hosted on Facebook, similar to how the company hosts web articles with its Instant Articles product. Users won't be able to purchase these products on Facebook, though; clicking on a specific product from the catalogue brings the user to the advertiser's own website or app to finalize a purchase. The point here: Give marketers a TV-commercial-style ad that also lets them highlight specific products and — hopefully for Facebook and its advertisers — get people to buy right then and there. "Three in four consumers say that watching videos on social media influences their purchasing decisions," Facebook explained in a blog post. The anchor advertisement doesn't have to be a video, it can also be an image, but it's clear Facebook considers this a video advertising unit. The ad format is not entirely new. Pinterest offers a similar video ad that surfaces products related to the video. It’s unclear if Facebook will try and add purchase functionality to these ads down the line. Commerce has never been Facebook’s forte. It has tried numerous times to get people to shop through News Feed, but none of those efforts have ever made significant waves. It already lets brand Pages host product catalogues on its service. Facebook’s most recent attempt, a Craigslist-style marketplace for used goods, has gotten some ... less-than-flattering reviews. The new Collections ad format will start rolling out Thursday to all Facebook advertisers. This article originally appeared on Recode.net. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
User:Andries/drafts/Techniques of Knowledge
Knowledge: the four techniques
Nowadays only Prem Rawat teaches the four techniques that according to Elan Vital are beyond meditation. They are as follows. ,
The student gently rests your index where it is, on a spot in the middle of his forehead, above the top of the nose. There is no need to press. He has to keep his fingers steady so that his eyeballs do not move. He can rest his arm (elbow) on the arm of his armchair, on his chest or on a cushion. If the student is right handed, he should his right hand, if he is left handed, he should use his left hand. He should not switch hands if he gets tired. If he gets tired, he should put down his hand, relax, and then start again. The best thing is to find a good position where he can relax, and use a cushion to support his arm so that he don't have to make any effort creating tensions
* 1) With the eyes closed, the student has to focus inside. Starting on the external edges of his eyes and using his thumb and his middle finger, following the rim of the eyelids, s/he gently and slowly bring your fingers to the median corner of his eyes, in contact with his eyelids. Then the students rests them on that spot, these two fingers in touch with his eyelids and the bone of his nose.
* 1) The student has to use his right thumb to close his right ear, and his left thumb to close his left ear. Using the soft part (fleshy, where his fingerprints are) of the last phalanx of his thumbs but not sticking them into the ears), s/he just gently closes the opening of his ears, without pushing. He should keep the trigus (small cartilage at the entrance of the ear duct) out. His other four fingers should rest on his forehead and his head. The student should let his focus go inside and keep his eyes closed. He can rest your arms on an armchair, or his chest, or on a cushion. If s/he gets tired, he can put his hands down, relax, and start again.
* 2) With the eyes closed the student must be aware of his breath going in, and his breath going out. Breathing normally, s/he can follow what you feel, has to focus inside.
* 3) With the eyes closed the student has to roll back the tip of his tongue against the palate. The tongue can rest wherever it goes, without pushing. The student can follow what s/he feels, and let his focus go inside. | WIKI |
Structural properties
Macroscopic organization structure of refractory material is heterogeneous body composed of solid material and gas hole. Porosity is the important factors influencing the products under normal temperature and high temperature performance, especially under the condition of high temperature, is products to the outside world of erosion resistance ability is greatly reduced. Reason of gas hole formation: when products molding, the air in the material is completely ruled out. After material moisture ruled out, leaving space. Raw material calcined is inadequate, some should decomposition of salt is the complete decomposition, should be burning ingredients to burn completely. The material composition is uneven, when high temperature firing, contraction is uneven, etc.
1. porosity
The porosity of refractory can be divided into: closed porosity, closed in the products is not connected with the outside world. Open pores, closed at one end and the other end connected with the outside world, for fluid filling. Cut-through pore, The two sides of the cut-through products, get through for the fluid.
2. Bibulous rate
Bibulous rate is absorbed by all the open pores in the products of water quality and the quality of the dry sample ratio. Because the bibulous rate of determination method is simple, in actual production often used for identifying the quality of raw material calcined. The raw material calcined is the better, the bibulous rate value is the lower.
3. Bulk density
The definition of bulk density is the ratio of dry weight and total volume of products, also known as a volumetric weight. Volume density intuitively reflects the degree of the density of the products, it is an important measure indicator of dense refractory products quality. But in the production of lightweight insulation products, in order to reduce the heat capacity and thermal conductivity, people use various means to reduce the products volume density.
4. True proportion
The quality of dry material and its true volume (not including pore volume) ratio. The true proportion of refractory material, can reflect the material composition of purity or the degree of crystal structure transition, proportion, etc.
The thermal properties
1. Thermal expansion
2. Thermal conductivity
The mechanical properties
1. Compressive strength
2. The high temperature creep | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Gérard G. Medioni
Gérard G. Medioni is a computer scientist, author, academic and inventor. He is a vice president and distinguished scientist at Amazon and serves as emeritus professor of Computer Science at the University of Southern California.
Medioni has made contributions to computer vision, in particular 3D sensing, surface reconstruction, and object modelling. He has translated his computer vision research into customer-facing inventions and products. He has authored four books, including Emerging Topics in Computer Vision, Multimedia Systems: Algorithms, Standards, and Industry Practices, and A Computational Framework for Segmentation and Grouping, and has published more than 80 journal papers, 200 conference papers, with over 34,000 citations and his h-index is 88. In addition, he holds 103 patents to his name which include Visual tracking in video images in unconstrained environments by exploiting on-the-fly context using supporters and distracters and Depth mapping based on pattern matching and stereoscopic information, along with patents on Just Walk Out technology and Amazon One.
Medioni is a Fellow of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, the International Association for Pattern Recognition, and the National Academy of Inventors. He is also a member of National Academy of Engineering.
Education and early career
Medioni obtained his Diplôme d'Ingénieur in 1977 from Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Telecommunications (ENST) Paris and was appointed as a Research Engineer at Thomson-CSF from 1977 to 1978. He then completed his MSc in 1980 and his Ph.D. in 1983 in computer science from the University of Southern California.
Career
Following his Ph.D., in 1983, Medioni began his academic career as a research associate professor in the Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering at the University of Southern California. He was subsequently promoted, becoming an assistant professor in 1987, an associate professor in 1992, and a full professor in 1999. Since 2019, he has been serving as an emeritus professor in the department of Computer Science at the University of Southern California.
From 2001 to 2007, Medioni chaired the department of Computer Science at the University of Southern California.
Medioni was the President and CEO at I.C. Vision, Chief Technical Officer at Geometrix, and Director of Research at Amazon. Additionally, he has served as an advisory board member at DXO Labs and PrimeSense in Tel Aviv. In 2019, he was promoted to Distinguished Scientist and Vice President at Amazon.
Research
Medioni's research spans the field of image understanding, focusing on fundamental issues of representation, matching, and recognition. He has also been interested in designing and implementing highly reliable vision systems capable of tackling challenging tasks, even when constructed from imperfect modules. Moreover, he used an interdisciplinary approach to connect Computer Vision and Graphics to comprehend visual information processing.
Just walk out technology
Medioni introduced the Just Walk Out technology (JWO) which is a new shopping experience for customers. The data captured by a bank of cameras and other sensors in the store is processed in real-time to solve the "who took what" problem for every customer. It achieved a high level of accuracy in detecting people, keeping track of their location throughout their journey in the store, recognizing items that a customer picks up from the shelves, and producing an accurate receipt for items they end up buying.
Amazon One
Medioni developed the algorithmic components for Amazon One. This device optically captures the unique print and vein patterns of the palm and identifies a user among enrolled users.
Primesense
As an advisory board member and technical consultant, Medioni contributed to developing a low-cost 3D depth (range) sensor, PrimeSensor, used in the Microsoft Kinect. After Apple acquired PrimeSense in 2013, the sensor was integrated into the Apple iPhone X, enabling FaceID for mobile unlock.
Tensor voting
Medioni established Tensor Voting, an approach to a wide range of problems in computer vision and machine learning that is non-parametric, data-driven, local, and requires a minimal number of assumptions. The tensor voting framework provided a unified perceptual organization methodology applicable to a wide variety of problems. While the original tensor voting formulation worked with 2-D input, it was extended to 3-D (surfaces, stereo), 4-D (motion), and N-D. It is thus applicable to both Computer Vision and Machine Learning.
Iterative closest point
Medioni developed the Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm to create a complete 3D model of a physical object from partial scans. ICP serves as a dominant method for registering partial 3-D scans of a scene, with over 5,500 citations.
Rapid avatar capture simulation
Medioni's Rapid avatar capture and simulation was the first demonstration of using commodity depth sensors to capture the 3D shape and appearance of human subjects, and then registering it and controlling it within an animation system within minutes.
Face modelling
Medioni has also worked on face modeling and introduced a technique for building human face models by using only two photographs. Through collaborative research efforts he proposed a 3D face modeling and recognition system and a method to produce 3D face models in laser scan quality. Moreover, he presented a method for remotely identifying non-cooperative individuals using 3D face models from a sequence of images.
Face Recognition
Medioni has also worked on face recognition technology. He proposed domain-specific data augmentation as a more accessible way to improve face recognition, achieving performance similar to systems using large datasets. Additionally, he introduced Pose-Aware Models (PAMs) for unconstrained face recognition.
Awards and honors
* 1999 – Okawa Foundation Award, Okawa Foundation
* 2003 – Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
* 2004 – Fellow, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI)
* 2007 – Most Influential Paper over the Decade Award, MVA
* 2019 – PAMI Mark Everingham Prize, IEEE Trans
* 2021 – Fellow, Asia-Pacific Artificial Intelligence Association (AAIA)
* 2021 – Distinguished Leader, APSIPA Industrial
* 2022 – Fellow, National Academy of Inventors
* 2023 – Member, National Academy of Engineering (NAE)
Selected books
* A Computational Framework for Segmentation and Grouping (2000) ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>486.
* Emerging Topics in Computer Vision (2004) ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>667
* Tensor Voting: A Perceptual Organization Approach to Computer Vision and Machine Learning (2006) ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>001
* Multimedia Systems: Algorithms, Standards, and Industry Practices (2009) ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>941
Selected articles
* Medioni, G., & Nevatia, R. (1985). Segment-based stereo matching. Computer vision, graphics, and image processing, 31(1), 2–18.
* Huertas, A., & Medioni, G. (1986). Detection of intensity changes with subpixel accuracy using Laplacian-Gaussian masks. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, (5), 651–664.
* Chen, Y., & Medioni, G. (1992). Object modelling by registration of multiple range images. Image and vision computing, 10(3), 145–155.
* Stein, F., & Medioni, G. (1992). Structural indexing: Efficient 3-D object recognition. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 14(2), 125–145.
* Dinh, T. B., Vo, N., & Medioni, G. (2011, June). Context tracker: Exploring supporters and distracters in unconstrained environments. In CVPR 2011 (pp. 1177–1184). IEEE.
* Khan, S., Rahmani, H., Shah, S. A. A., Bennamoun, M., Medioni, G., & Dickinson, S. (2018). A guide to convolutional neural networks for computer vision (Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 1–207). San Rafael: Morgan & Claypool Publishers. | WIKI |
Page:Natural History (1848).djvu/303
Rh some times in the manner of that of the chameleon, and at others, in that in which a mower uses his scythe, the tongue being curved laterally, and the food, as it were, swept into the mouth; there seemed to be an adhesive substance on the tongue, by which the food was drawn in. The animal died suddenly, off Cape Horn, while the vessel was amidst the ice; perhaps in consequence of the cold, but not improbably on account of the egos, with which it was fed, being extremely bad.
This individual was captured on the Blue Mountains; it is become uncommon in the inhabited parts of New South Wales. Mr. Bennett states, that it inhabits the mountain ranges of Australia; and that it brings forth its young in December. It is believed to be nocturnal in its habits. Its flesh is eaten by the natives, and is said to resemble in flavour that of sucking-pig:
The impression which would be produced by the sight of this most singular of all quadrupeds, on one who had never heard of it, would be, that the beak of a shoveller-duck had been artificially fastened on the front of the head of a small otter. The beak is flat, broader at the tip than at the base, and covered by a thick leathery skin; between the base and the head, this skin projects in the form of a loose flap from each mandible, which probably serves to protect the eyes from the mud, in which the animal is perpetually dabbling, in search of food. The skin on the sides of the lower mandible is indented with numerous | WIKI |
Wikipedia talk:WikiProject India/The 2000 Challenge (Indian cinema)
Welcome!
Photos
You'd never be able to agree on main photos haha. Just have a photo of the week or something and change it.♦ Dr. Blofeld 17:53, 26 October 2016 (UTC)
* maybe we should scrap photo of the week too. Agreement on which photo comes next looks difficult as there are 1000 actors/actresses to choose from different language cinemas. This challenge can work without a photo on its page, right? Or maybe we could add one of Dadasaheb Phalke's photo as permanent main photo, the man is known as the father of Indian cinema. I think there will be consensus on this one. Pratyush (talk) 05:40, 27 October 2016 (UTC)
Make it a photo of the day then. Anybody can change it when they want. 365 days a year..♦ Dr. Blofeld 06:52, 27 October 2016 (UTC)
* Sounds good. Pratyush (talk) 07:28, 27 October 2016 (UTC)
Kyon Ki
Can somebody add a reception section for this film? Curious to know how it fared. I thought it was pretty awful in all honesty.♦ Dr. Blofeld 12:32, 7 November 2016 (UTC)
* You were correct in your estimation. Cowlibob (talk) 18:52, 7 November 2016 (UTC)
Videos
Hi, FYI I am uploading to Commons all Indian movies which are in the public domain in India. Please tell me if you have any special request or comment. Regards, Yann (talk) 10:47, 14 January 2017 (UTC)
Achievements by members only?
and, the list is only supposed to list the expansions by members of the project, right? Because I see expansions by User:Bangwiki and User:Nizil Shah listed, but those two users are not on the members list. Kailash29792 (talk) 06:41, 3 February 2017 (UTC)
* I am member of Asia challenge. I did not know that my works are listed here. May be due to my Asia membership., I am listed here. I am OK with it. I have no problem. :) -Nizil (talk) 07:04, 3 February 2017 (UTC)
* ✅ Nizil, I've listed you on the members list of this particular project. Hope you have nothing against it. Kailash29792 (talk) 09:08, 3 February 2017 (UTC)
Toolkit for launching contests
Hi, my toolkit is ready at Contests/Toolkit/Template Based on the successful women contest model but can be used to quickly create and design contests and will save time in setting up future contests. If you're interested in using it to create a contest sometime for Indian cinema I'd be happy to help you set it up!♦ Dr. Blofeld 14:29, 1 February 2018 (UTC)
* Count me in . — Ssven2 Looking at you, kid 06:39, 3 February 2018 (UTC)
WikiProject India/The 10,000 Challenge
I've started a bigger overall challenge for India. Would you like to merge or remain independent? This can still continue and article be tipped in to the main one, up to you! Sign up there if you support a bigger challenge for India covering all topics.† Encyclopædius 22:03, 7 May 2020 (UTC) | WIKI |
Mandarin Essential Oil Profile
Posted by Daniela Pelonara on
Mandarin (Citrus reticulata) essential oil benefits
Mandarin is an excellent oil for use with children because it is gentle, soothing, uplifting, and relaxing. Supports digestion and appetite
Mandarin is a native of China but was introduced to Europe and a few years later to America in the early 1800s. Mandarins and Tangerines are very similar: Tangerines are harvested around November, and they are so-called in the US and South America while Mandarins are harvested around February, and they are produced in Italy, Greece, and Spain. Tangerines are also deeper orange in color and do not have pips, while mandarins are more yellow and do have pips.
Mandarin oil is very fresh, lively, and energetic while being so gentle that can be used with infants. It is a great digestive tonic for adults while an invaluable remedy for infant colic; very suitable as a mild anti-depressant and used in case of loss of hunger following sadness and depression. For expectant moms, Mandarin will be an incredibly powerful natural remedy to prevent stretch marks (blended with very nourishing and emollient oils) and to stimulate a healthy appetite after morning sickness.
Is Mandarin different from Tangerine? They are both Citrus reticulata but Tangerines larger than a mandarin and with a skin that's darker in color.
Mandarins are classified based on their ripeness when harvested.
(MANDARIN CITRUS RETICULATA) ESSENTIAL OILS AVAILABLE
RED MANDARIN
YELLOW MANDARIN GREEN MANDARIN TANGERINE CLEMENTINE
Color Light yellow Yellow to greenish Green-yellow Golden orange Pale yellow
Aroma Sweet, sour Sour Bitter Sour, sweet Bitter, sour
Aroma strength 5 4 3-4 4-5 4
GENERAL INFORMATION
Botanical Name: Citrus reticulata
Method of Extraction: Cold pressing of the rind
Origin: Mediterranean area, South America, Australia
Color: Bright orange
Aroma: Light, sweet, citrus
Note: top
Blends well with: all other citrus oils, Lavender, Chamomiles, Marjoram, Rose, Ylang ylang, Sandalwood, Frankincense, Peppermint, Cypress
Therapeutic properties: Antiseptic, antispasmodic, carminative, digestive, diuretic, hypnotic, laxative, lymphatic stimulant, sedative, tonic
To create a lively, fresh yet calming ambient or stimulate appetite burn or diffuse 2-5 drops every 5 hours.
To relieve colic’s discomfort dilute 4-5 drops of Mandarin every 5 ml of carrier oil and massage the tummy area clockwise max 3 times a day. If massaging an infant reduces the dilution to 1 drop every 5 ml of the carrier. Very useful is applied with the above dilutions during the whole pregnancy to prevent stretch marks
Avoid sun exposure for 12 hours (if skin application). Do not apply undiluted Mandarin essential oil on children. do not take internally unless heavily diluted.
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CLEAN BEAUTY NOTES
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Your Skin's Monthly Cycle: A Hormonal Guide
Daniela Pelonara By Daniela Pelonara
Have you noticed how your skin seems to change throughout the month? There's a scientific reason behind these fluctuations. Let's explore how your menstrual cycle...
Read more
3 Science-Backed Age Delay Skincare Essentials
Daniela Pelonara By Daniela Pelonara
Picture this: a skincare routine that not only promises a radiant and healthy complexion with plant-based ingredients but also boasts the backing of solid scientific...
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South Africa’s Ruling ANC Rejects Malema Bid to Drop Disciplinary Action
South Africa ’s African National
Congress rejected an application from youth wing leader Julius Malema to drop disciplinary charges against him, undermining his
political power within the ruling party as he faces expulsion. Malema, 30, who has led a campaign to nationalize the
country’s mines, was accused by the ANC of undermining the party
by calling for the ousting of Botswana’s government and
criticizing ANC leaders. The outcome of the disciplinary action
may determine the political future of President Jacob Zuma , who
has lost the support of the ANC Youth League after it helped to
sweep him into power as the head of the ANC in 2007. “It’s a great setback for Malema,” Frans Cronje, deputy
chief executive officer of the South African Institute of Race
Relations, said in a telephone interview today from Johannesburg
today. “This is a battle for the short-term future of the ANC.
If Malema loses, Zuma may well win a second-term as ANC
president next year.” The disciplinary hearing will resume on Sept. 5, the ANC
said in an e-mailed statement today. The ANC is due to elect its
new leadership at a centenary conference in December 2012, with
the party’s leader becoming its presidential candidate in the
nation’s elections in 2014. Overthrow Botswana The ANC took steps to discipline Malema after he told
reporters on July 31 that Botswana’s government is a threat to
regional security and the league would help opposition parties
in that country to oust the “puppet” administration of
President Ian Khama. ANC Secretary-General Gwede Mantashe said
on Aug. 3 the comments were a “serious transgression.” Malema’s lawyers tried unsuccessfully on Aug. 30 to have
three members of the disciplinary committee removed, including
its chairman Derek Hanekom, the deputy minister of science and
technology, and Mines Minister Susan Shabangu. Malema has
criticized Shabangu and Hanekom publicly in the past for not
supporting the Youth League’s push to nationalize the country’s
mines and expropriate land without compensation. Lawyers for Malema argued that the charges should be
dropped because the ANC’s rules were unreasonable, confusing and
didn’t govern what members can say, the disciplinary committee
said in its statement today. The charges weren’t clear and
didn’t disclose what rule had been breached, Malema’s
application said, according to the ANC. Malema is already under a suspended sentence, after he
admitted in May last year to violating party rules by dividing
the ANC and undermining Zuma’s authority. He was warned that he
faced suspension from the party if he was found guilty of
breaching its codes again within two years. To contact the reporter on this story:
Nasreen Seria in Johannesburg at
nseria@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Andrew J. Barden at
barden@bloomberg.net | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Gargantilla del Lozoya y Pinilla de Buitrago
Gargantilla del Lozoya y Pinilla de Buitrago is a municipality of the Community of Madrid, Spain. It is the municipality with the longest official name in Spain.
Climate
According to the Köppen climate classification, Gargantilla del Lozoya y Pinilla de Buitrago have a Csb climate (temperate with a dry and temperate summer). | WIKI |
Lalli (disambiguation)
Lalli is an apocryphal character from Finnish history. It may also refer to:
Places in Estonia
* Lalli, Rapla County, a village
* Lalli, Saare County, a village
* Lalli, Tartu County, a village
People
* Andrea Lalli (born 1987), Italian long-distance runner
* Blake Lalli (born 1983), American minor league baseball manager and former Major League Baseball player
* Bruno Senna Lalli (born 1983), Brazilian racing driver
* Cele Goldsmith Lalli (1933–2002), American magazine editor
* Domenico Lalli, pseudonym of Italian poet and librettist Sebastiano Biancardi (1679–1741)
* Eduardo Trejos Lalli (born 1972), Costa Rican politician
* Franco Lalli (born 1985), Canadian former soccer player
* Gennaro Tedeschini Lalli (1889–1948), Italian Air Force World War II general
* Giovanni Battista Lalli (1572–1637), Italian poet and jurist
* Maarit Lalli (born 1964), Finnish film director, producer and screenwriter
* Matt Lalli (born 1986), American lacrosse player
* S. A. Lalli, Indian economist and professor
* Lalli Partinen (1941–2022), Finnish ice hockey player
* Hardiljeet Singh (1932–2014), Punjabi literary scholar known as "Lalli" | WIKI |
Page:Warren Hastings (Trotter).djvu/36
30 But the main purpose of Hastings' journey was not to deal with this particular grievance. Vansittart had sent him to act as peacemaker in the disputes then simmering between Mír Kásim and the English at Patná. The Nawáb had lately transferred his capital from Murshidábád higher up the river to Monghyr. With the help of a few European adventurers he had begun to remodel his army after the European fashion. He had also made overtures of some kind to the Nawáb Wazír of Oudh. Within the new defences of Monghyr he set up an arsenal for the casting of guns and the manufacture of muskets, equal to any then made in Europe. Meanwhile Ellis himself indulged in acts of high-handed violence, which could only fan the flame of Kásim's growing resentment. His attempt to seize and punish one of the Nawáb's officers, for refusing to pass the private goods of a Company's servant duty-free, was followed by the arrest of another, who was sent down in irons to Calcutta, for daring to buy saltpetre on his master's account without the Company's leave. Early in 1762, he despatched troops from the Patná garrison to search for deserters in Monghyr. The native governor refused to admit the troops, but invited two of their officers to accompany him round the fort.
To Ellis this seemed only a fresh provocation. The troops were ordered to stand fast before Monghyr. Both parties appealed to Calcutta, whence Hastings at Vansittart's request started up country to see if he could bring matters to a peaceful issue. At Sásserám | WIKI |
Page:Pennington's Executors v. Yell.pdf/11
222 for his delivery, which was forfeited. I then returned the execution. A pluries execution was, issued in said case, and placed in my hands; I levied the same upon the said boy Dick, and sold him for $180, by Yell executing to me his bond of indemnity. This negro, with all the rest of the property then held by E. G. Smith was in dispute, and I did not feel bound to sell unless I was indemnified. I have Yell's bond of indemnity yet, signed by him only. My costs for keeping and clothing said boy amounted to $70, which fees I retained, as I considered I had a right to do by law.
Defendant then proved that he had paid costs in the case in the transcript aforesaid mentioned, to the clerk of Jefferson circuit court, $4.25; to the sheriff of Arkansas county, $78.25, and that, out of the moneys collected on said execution, he had paid over to Pennington $26.12½, being the same sum referred to in the deposition of Irwin.
That for services rendered to Pennington in his lifetime in respect to the two smaller notes mentioned in the declaration, he was entitled to $20. For prosecuting the case against E. G. Smith $25.20; for writing bond of indemnity in said case $5. Plaintiffs also admitted that if defendant was entitled to make an extra charge for going to the Post of Arkansas to attend to execution, and if he performed that service, his charge therefor of $20 was reasonable—also a charge of $10 for advising plaintiffs in reference to the mode of proceeding with the will of their testator.
The above being all the evidence, the court proceeded to instruct the jury as follows:
"G: 1. The declaration in this case presents two aspects: Under the count for money had and received, if the jury believe from the evidence that said defendant received any money belonging to said Pennington in his lifetime, or collected any moneys on the claims placed in his hands by Pennington, the plaintiffs are entitled to recover so much money as was so received, after demand made therefor and refusal to pay, after deducting therefrom all costs paid out by said Yell in the suit | WIKI |
Skip to contents
Plot method for visualizing how two variables interact to affect the response in regression models.
Usage
# S3 method for visreg2d
plot(x, plot.type=c("image","persp","rgl", "gg"),
xlab, ylab, zlab, color, print.cond=FALSE, whitespace=0.2, ...)
Arguments
x
A visreg2d object.
plot.type
The style of plot to be produced. The following three options are supported:
• 'image', a filled contour plot.
• 'gg', a filled contour plot using ggplot2.
• 'persp', a 3 dimensional perspective plot.
• 'rgl', a version of the perspective plot that can be rotated. Note: requires the rgl package to use.
xlab
Axis label for x variable
ylab
Axis label for y variable
zlab
Axis label for outcome
color
For plot.type='persp' or plot.type='rgl', the color of the surface. For plot.type='image' or plot.type='gg', a vector of colors used to establish a color palette.
print.cond
If print.cond==TRUE, the explanatory variable values conditioned on in a conditional plot are printed to the console (default: FALSE). If print.cond==TRUE and type=="contrast", the conditions will still be printed, but they have no bearing on the plot unless interactions are present.
whitespace
When xvar or yvar is a factor, whitespace determines the amount of space in between the factors. Default is 0.2, meaning that 20 percent of the axis is whitespace.
...
Graphical parameters can be passed to the function to customize the plots.
References
Author
Patrick Breheny and Woodrow Burchett
Examples
fit <- lm(Ozone ~ Solar.R + Wind + Temp + I(Wind^2) + I(Temp^2) +
I(Wind*Temp)+I(Wind*Temp^2) + I(Temp*Wind^2) + I(Temp^2*Wind^2),
data=airquality)
visreg2d(fit, x="Wind", y="Temp", plot.type="image")
visreg2d(fit, x="Wind", y="Temp", plot.type="image",
color=c("purple", "green", "red"))
visreg2d(fit, x="Wind", y="Temp", plot.type="persp")
## Requires the rgl package
if (FALSE) {
visreg2d(fit,x="Wind",y="Temp",plot.type="rgl")
}
## Requires the ggplot2 package
if (FALSE) {
visreg2d(fit, x="Wind", y="Temp", plot.type="gg")
} | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
hwi_find_tag()
Find a tag in the hwinfo structure
Synopsis:
#include <hw/sysinfo.h>
unsigned hwi_find_tag( unsigned start,
int curr_item,
const char * tagname );
Arguments:
start
Where to start to search for the given item.
For the initial call, set this argument to HWI_NULL_OFF. If the item found isn't the one that you want, pass the return value from the first call to hwi_find_tag() as the start parameter of the next call. This makes the search pick up where it left off. You can repeat this process as many times as required (the return value from the second call going into the start parameter of the third, etc).
curr_item
If this argument is nonzero, the search stops at the end of the current item (i.e. the one that start points to). If curr_item is zero, the search continues until the end of the section.
tagname
The name of tag to search for.
Library:
libc
Use the -l c option to qcc to link against this library. This library is usually included automatically.
This function is in libc.a, but not in libc.so (in order to save space).
Description:
The hwi_find_tag() function finds the tag named tagname.
Returns:
The offset of the tag, or HWI_NULL_OFF if the tag wasn't found.
Classification:
QNX Neutrino
Safety:
Cancellation pointNo
Interrupt handlerYes
Signal handlerYes
ThreadYes | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Muleskinner Live: Original Television Soundtrack
Muleskinner Live: Original Television Soundtrack is a live album by the progressive bluegrass supergroup Muleskinner. It was recorded in 1973 and originally broadcast in the late 1970s, but the album was not released until 1998. Maria Muldaur provides harmony vocals on "Sitting Alone In The Moonlight".
Track listing
* 1) New Camptown Races 2:53
* 2) Dark Hollow 2:34
* 3) Land of the Navajo 5:49
* 4) Blackberry Blossom 2:32
* 5) Knockin' on Your Door 3:08
* 6) Opus 57 in G Minor 2:03
* 7) Red Rocking Chair 3:25
* 8) Going to the Races 1:56
* 9) Eighth of January 2:44
* 10) I Am a Pilgrim 4:51
* 11) The Dead March 2:41
* 12) Sitting Alone in the Moonlight 2:42
* 13) Orange Blossom Special 4:44
Personnel
* Peter Rowan – vocals, guitar
* Bill Keith – banjo
* Clarence White - acoustic guitar, vocals
* Richard Greene – violin
* David Grisman – mandolin, vocals
* Stuart Schulman – bass
* Maria Muldaur – harmony vocals, "Sitting Alone in the Moonlight" | WIKI |
0%
go echo request param 획득 방법
query string
?name=wook
query string 으로 전달되는 파라미터 획득
1
2
3
4
5
// Handler
func(c echo.Context) error {
name := c.QueryParam("name")
return c.String(http.StatusOK, name)
})
path variable
/users/:name
uri 의 path variable 획득
1
2
3
4
5
// Router & Handler
e.GET("/users/:name", func(c echo.Context) error {
name := c.Param("name")
return c.String(http.StatusOK, name)
})
form submit
Content-Type: multipart/form-data
Content-Type: x-www-form-urlencoded
form submit을 통해 전달되는 파라미터 획득
1
2
3
4
5
// Handler
func(c echo.Context) error {
name := c.FormValue("name")
return c.String(http.StatusOK, name)
}
JSON body
Content-Type: application/json
body 에 포함된 json 데이터 획득
1
{"name": "wook"}
1
2
3
4
5
6
// Handler
func (c echo.Context) error {
params := make(map[string]string)
_ := c.Bind(¶ms)
return c.JSON(http.StatusOK, params["name"])
} | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Category:One Day International cricket competitions
This category is designed to capture articles about limited overs international cricket tournaments. | WIKI |
Katie Moussouris
Katie Moussouris is an American computer security researcher, entrepreneur, and pioneer in vulnerability disclosure, and is best known for her ongoing work advocating responsible security research. Previously a member of @stake, she created the bug bounty program at Microsoft and was directly involved in creating the U.S. Department of Defense's first bug bounty program for hackers. She previously served as Chief Policy Officer at HackerOne, a vulnerability disclosure company based in San Francisco, California, and currently is the founder and CEO of Luta Security.
Biography
Moussouris had interest in computers at a young age and learned to program in BASIC on a Commodore 64 that her mother bought her in 3rd grade. She was the first girl to take AP Computer Science at her high school. She attended Simmons College to study molecular biology and mathematics and simultaneously worked on the Human Genome Project at the MIT Whitehead Institute. While at Whitehead she transitioned from a lab assistant to a systems administrator role, and after three years she became the systems administrator for the MIT Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, where she helped design the computer system for a new lab that was to open in 2000. During this time she also worked as the systems administrator at the Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences.
She moved to California to work as a Linux developer at Turbolinux and started their computer security response program. She was active within the West Coast hacker scene and formally joined @stake as a penetration tester in 2002 by invitation of Chris Wysopal.
Symantec
Moussouris joined Symantec in October 2004 when they acquired @stake. While there, she founded and managed Symantec Vulnerability Research in 2004, which was the first program to allow Symantec researchers to publish vulnerability research.
Microsoft
In May 2007, Moussouris left Symantec to join Microsoft as a security strategist. She founded the Microsoft Vulnerability Research (MSVR) program, announced at BlackHat 2008. The program has coordinated the response to several significant vulnerabilities, including Dan Kaminsky's DNS flaw, and has also actively looked for bugs in third-party software affecting Microsoft customers (subsequent examples of this include Google's Project Zero).
From September 2010 until May 2014, Moussouris was the Senior Security Strategist Lead at Microsoft, where she ran the Security Community Outreach and Strategy team for Microsoft as part of the Microsoft Security Response Center (MSRC) team. She instigated the Microsoft BlueHat Prize for Advancement of Exploit Mitigations, which awarded over $260,000 in prizes to researchers at BlackHat USA 2012. The grand prize of $200,000 was at the time the largest cash payout being offered by a software vendor. She also created Microsoft's first bug bounty program, which paid over $253,000 and received 18 vulnerabilities over the course of her tenure.
ISO vulnerability disclosure standard
Moussouris has helped edit the ISO/IEC 29147 document since around 2008. In April 2016, ISO made the standard freely available at no charge after a request from Moussouris and the CERT Coordination Center's Art Manion.
HackerOne
In May 2014, Moussouris was named the Chief Policy Officer at HackerOne, a vulnerability disclosure company based in San Francisco, California. In this role, Moussouris was responsible for the company's vulnerability disclosure philosophy, and worked to promote and legitimize security research among organizations, legislators and policy makers.
"Hack the ..." series
While still at Microsoft, Moussouris began discussing a bug bounty program with the federal government; she continued these talks when she moved to HackerOne. In March 2016, Moussouris was directly involved in creating the Department of Defense's "Hack the Pentagon" pilot program, organized and vetted by HackerOne. It was the first bug bounty program in the history of the US federal government.
Moussouris followed up the Pentagon program with "Hack the Air Force". HackerOne and Luta Security are partnering to deliver up to 20 bug bounty challenges over three years to the Defense Department.
Luta Security
In April 2016, Moussouris founded Luta Security, a consultancy to help organizations and governments work collaboratively with hackers through bug bounty programs.
New America fellow
During 2015-2016 and 2016-2017, Katie Moussouris served as a Cybersecurity Fellow at New America, a U.S.-based think tank.
Wassenaar Arrangement amendment
In 2013, the Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls for Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies was amended to include "intrusion software". Moussouris wrote an op-ed in Wired criticizing the move as harmful to the vulnerability disclosure industry due to the overly-broad definition and encouraged security experts to write in to help regulators understand how to make the right changes. She was invited as a technical expert to directly assist in the US Wassenaar Arrangement negotiations, and helped rewrite the amendment to adopt end-use decontrol exemptions based on the intent of the user.
Exploit labor market research
Moussouris was a visiting scholar at the MIT Sloan School of Management and affiliate researcher at the Harvard Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, where she conducted economic research on the labor market for security bugs. She coauthored a book chapter on the first system dynamics model of the vulnerability economy and exploit market, published by MIT Press in 2017.
Congressional testimony
In 2018, Moussouris testified in front of the U.S. Senate Subcommittee on Consumer Protection, Product Safety, Insurance, and Data Security about security research for defensive purposes.
In 2021, Moussouris testified in front of the U.S. House Committee on Science, Space, & Technology about improving the cybersecurity of software supply chains.
Anuncia Donecia Songsong Manglona Lab for Gender and Economic Equity
In 2021, Moussouris donated $1 million to found the Anuncia Donecia Songsong Manglona Lab for Gender and Economic Equity, at Penn State Law, named after her mother. The “Manglona Lab” will start with a gender equity litigation clinic intended to address workplace financial discrimination while promoting economic equity under the law.
Awards
In 2014, SC Magazine named Moussouris to its Women in IT Security list. She was also named as one of "10 Women in Information Security That Everyone Should Know," and the "One To Watch" among the 2011 Women of Influence awards. In 2018 she was featured among "America's Top 50 Women In Tech" by Forbes.
Presentations
* Night of the Living ISO Draft on Vulnerability Disclosure, Symposium 2010.
* The Wolves of Vuln Street: The 1st Dynamic Systems Model of the 0day Market, RSA Conference 2015.
* Panel: How the Wassenaar Arrangement's Export Control of "Intrusion Software" Affects the Security Industry, BlackHatUSA 2015
* Swinging From the Cyberlier: How to Hack Like Tomorrow Doesn't Exist Without Flying Sideways of Regulations, Kiwicon 2015
Publications and articles
* "Not All Hackers are Evil". Time. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
* "Vulnerability Disclosure Deja Vu: Prosecute Crime Not Research". Dark Reading. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
* "Mad World: The Truth About Bug Bounties". Dark Reading. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
* "How I Got Here: Katie Moussouris". Threat Post. Retrieved April 6, 2016.
* "Hackers Can Be Helpers". The New York Times. Retrieved June 18, 2017.
* "Administration should continue to seek changes to international cyber export controls". The Hill. Retrieved June 18, 2017.
* "The Time Has Come to Hack the Planet". Threatpost. Retrieved September 24, 2017.
Microsoft lawsuit
In September 2015, Moussouris filed a discrimination class-action lawsuit against Microsoft in federal court in Seattle. She alleged that Microsoft hiring practices upheld a practice of sex discrimination against women in technical and engineering roles with respect to performance evaluations, pay, promotions, and other terms and conditions of employment. | WIKI |
Template:Did you know nominations/Charlottesville car attack
The result was: rejected by Narutolovehinata5 tccsdnew 07:50, 23 August 2018 (UTC)
Nominator has agreed for the nomination to be closed on his talk page. In response to 's question, yes the article can be renominated if it becomes a GA, though the BLP concerns would still have to be addressed then.
Charlottesville car attack
* ... that the Charlottesville car attack perpetrator refused to interact with the French on a school trip to Europe? Source:
* Reviewed: Template:Did you know nominations/I Am Malala
* Comment: The attack's one-year anniversary is soon, but my hook isn't time-sensitive.
Moved to mainspace by Wumbolo (talk). Self-nominated at 12:20, 3 August 2018 (UTC).
* Symbol question.svg Article was recently moved to the mainspace, is long enough, and QPQ completed. However, there are problems with the article and hook. I've added a citation needed tag to the Jason Kessler statement, but does this really belong in the lede? Have authorities confirmed Kessler's statement, or is this WP:UNDUE? There's also a WP:BLPCRIME problem with the hook identifying James Alex Fields as the "perpetrator", even though he hasn't been convicted yet (the article identifies him as the "assailant"). FallingGravity 16:31, 3 August 2018 (UTC)
* With regards to the tag, I removed the Kessler quote. I added an inline citation for the "no evidence" statement; the New York Times source supports it in this paragraph:
* Detective Young, the sole witness at the hearing, said under questioning by Mr. Fields’s lawyer, Denise Lunsford, that investigators had found no evidence that Mr. Fields was affiliated with any of the groups assembled that day.
* So there's no evidence found by the prosecutors (law enforcement). w umbolo ^^^ 16:49, 3 August 2018 (UTC)
* I'm not the most familiar with the words assailant and perpetrator. If they imply crime so much, I'm not opposed to changing everything to "suspect", including in the hook. I see that's what's usually done with recent crime. Will changing it to "suspect" do? w umbolo ^^^ 16:41, 3 August 2018 (UTC)
* I too am not familiar with the BLP implications of "assailant", though I'm pretty sure "perpetrator" is off bounds until he's convicted. Reliable sources aren't bound by Wikipedia's BLP rules, but I've found some that say "assailant". As such I think either "suspect" or "assailant" would be acceptable. FallingGravity 17:02, 3 August 2018 (UTC)
* Dictionary.com defines "assailant" as "a person who attacks". The title of the article is "Charlottesville car attack", so "assailant" seems to fit. However, since he hasn't yet been convicted, I do question whether that is the appropriate title. If he had used a bomb or a weapon like a knife or gun his motive to "attack" would be more clear. But car crashes happen everyday, and there is still some question since he hasn't had a trial yet as to whether his intent was to attack or if his motives were something less sinister. Rreagan007 (talk) 01:19, 4 August 2018 (UTC)
* would any of "attack suspect" or "crash assailant/perpetrator" work? w umbolo ^^^ 01:47, 4 August 2018 (UTC)
* I think "attack suspect" would be the safest way to go. If he gets convicted at trial later this year, as I suspect he probably will be, then next year we can be more direct. Rreagan007 (talk) 02:29, 4 August 2018 (UTC)
* thanks. One more question - can the article be titled "attack"? w umbolo ^^^ 11:14, 4 August 2018 (UTC)
* I think the title is a little problematic, as it does sort of assume the guilt of the driver of the vehicle before there has been a trial. But a lot of media sources seem to refer to it as a "car attack". Something like "car accident" seems weak since that would seem to imply innocence, though arguably we should be assuming innocence before a trial has occurred. Perhaps something like "car incident" would be more neutral. Rreagan007 (talk) 16:26, 4 August 2018 (UTC)
* would "car incident" in the title, and "car attack suspect" in the hook work? w umbolo ^^^ 16:32, 4 August 2018 (UTC)
* I don't see a problem with "car attack", but "perpetrator" should be changed to "alleged perpetrator" or something like that. My problem is with the hook, which strikes me as vague and not very exciting. Drmies (talk) 17:51, 4 August 2018 (UTC)
* I agree. "Alleged perpetrator" is probably the way to go. Rreagan007 (talk) 18:17, 4 August 2018 (UTC)
* Here is the original source: AP News. I agree that my hook is vague, and the direct AP reference explains the story in more detail. I find this AP source pretty interesting (e.g. "he only went on the Europe trip to visit the Fatherland"). I will suggest a hook about a fact from the AP article soon; if someone finds some fact interesting, I'll welcome it. And other than this Europe trip story, there aren't any other interesting facts in the Wikipedia article. Thanks a lot for the feedback; I wouldn't have reconsidered the hook otherwise. w umbolo ^^^ 19:10, 4 August 2018 (UTC)
* I'm wondering, though, if a rewrite of the hook wouldn't help make it stronger. "...refused to interact with French people" already sounds a little better to me. Just a thought. Thanks, and good luck with it, Drmies (talk) 22:56, 4 August 2018 (UTC)
* this below seems too long, right? Not so hooky, and probably boring (160 characters):
* ... that the alleged perpetrator of the Charlottesville car attack went on a school trip to Europe only to visit Germany and was hostile toward French people?
* w umbolo ^^^ 14:16, 8 August 2018 (UTC)
* User:Wumbolo, are you serious? I think it's GREAT. Now, I forgot the rules, but in the character count--I believe--we leave out the article name, the word "that", and things like the marking for bold and wikilinks and the question mark, and with all that gone I have 122 characters. Sure, the sentence as a whole is a bit longer than some hooks, but it's certainly not excessive, it's verified, and FAR from boring. Thanks, and good luck with it! OK one thing. The article (what a treat, this person) says he "couldn't stand" the French, but what he said about them, he said--I gather--to his schoolmates, not to the French. So maybe you should rephrase, into something like "disparaged French people", which doesn't mean he was disparaging towards them, you know what I mean? And maybe "re-propose" it, putting "ALT1" in front of it--I think would want you to do that, with that minor tweak. BlueMoonset, am I advising properly? And I'll be happy to OK that hook, though we might ask User:FallingGravity if they're OK with the article after your edits to address their concerns. Again, good luck--I hope you get lots of hits. Drmies (talk) 16:03, 8 August 2018 (UTC)
ALT1: ... that the alleged perpetrator of the Charlottesville car attack disparaged French people on a school trip to Europe, which he only attended to visit Germany? w umbolo ^^^ 19:34, 8 August 2018 (UTC)
* Symbol question.svg The information from the hook should be in the article. Currently the article just says: Fields's roommate on a class trip to Europe in 2015 told the Associated Press that Fields referred to Germany as the Fatherland, "had no interest" in being in France, and "refused to interact with the French". Not being interested in visiting France, and not interacting with French people, isn't the same thing as "disparaging the French". The article should include the relevant information from the AP article (apparently the quote about him viewing the French as inferior). FallingGravity 03:01, 9 August 2018 (UTC)
* done. w umbolo ^^^ 11:08, 9 August 2018 (UTC)
* Symbol confirmed.svg Looks good to me. FallingGravity 16:04, 9 August 2018 (UTC)
* Thanks for the review, and to all who provided suggestions. w umbolo ^^^ 16:25, 9 August 2018 (UTC)
* Symbol question.svg This hook contravenes BLP policy in that we do not feature on the main page items about perpetrators that have not been convicted (even if the word alleged is used). You need a new hook that concentrates on the event itself or its aftermath and not the driver. Cwmhiraeth (talk) 06:05, 16 August 2018 (UTC)
* Symbol delete vote.svg No alternative hooks have been suggested. FallingGravity 02:20, 19 August 2018 (UTC)
* I've left one last message on the nominator's talk page and am waiting for a response from them. If they do not reply within the next few days, then please close this nomination. Narutolovehinata5 tccsdnew 07:24, 23 August 2018 (UTC) | WIKI |
門兒清
Etymology
From mahjong term.
Adjective
* 1) clear about (something); understanding (something) very well
* 2) expert; adept | WIKI |
Forum
How would I call a function from within B4W?
30 December 2015 21:57
Is there a logic node call or some other method within B4W that I could use to trigger any <script> function? I would like to pass some vars to Storyline, so that I can get B4W to talk to an LMS. The send request node won't work for Storyline. It requires what is posted below.
I can sort of get it to work by using the page redirect node, but it kills the b4W scene. Any thoughts?
<script>
function lol(){
parent.setVariable("bob",false)
}
</script>
05 January 2016 13:08
Hi and welcome to our forums!
Sorry for such long delays (we're celebrating the New Year till 11 January ). I cannot understand what you are trying to do: make some RPC request to another server or execute some function within current execution environment? In both cases you need to write some code, in the first one, make xmlhttprequest to the remote server in the second, just execute the function.
07 January 2016 01:35
Thanks, you answered my question. From your response, I executed a function within example.js in the https://www.blend4web.com/en/article/23/ tutorial , and got it to pass some variables.
Please register or log in to leave a reply. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
How To Reprogram A Logitech Dongle
Mobile Accessories
how-to-reprogram-a-logitech-dongle
Source: Amazon.com
Are you looking to reprogram a Logitech dongle? Look no further! In this article, we will guide you step by step on how to reprogram your Logitech dongle, allowing you to customize the settings and connect it to various devices. Logitech is a well-known brand in the world of technology, offering a range of products including keyboards, mice, and speakers. Their dongles, or USB receivers, are essential for connecting these devices wirelessly to your computer or other devices. However, sometimes you may need to reprogram the dongle to troubleshoot connectivity issues or to use it with a different device. So, let’s dive in and discover the process of reprogramming a Logitech dongle!
Inside This Article
1. Understanding the Logitech Dongle
2. Reasons for Reprogramming the Logitech Dongle
3. Steps to Reprogram a Logitech Dongle
4. Tips for Successful Reprogramming:
5. Conclusion
6. FAQs
Understanding the Logitech Dongle
Logitech dongles are small wireless receivers that enable the connection between Logitech devices and computers or other compatible devices. These dongles use advanced radio frequency (RF) technology to establish a reliable connection without the need for cumbersome cables. The Logitech dongle acts as the intermediary between the device and the Logitech accessory, allowing communication and data transmission.
There are different types of Logitech dongles available, each designed for specific Logitech devices. Some common types include the Unifying dongle, the nano dongle, and the Bluetooth dongle. The Unifying dongle is a versatile option that allows you to connect multiple Logitech devices to a single dongle, eliminating the need for separate receivers for each device.
When it comes to compatibility, Logitech dongles are designed to work with a wide range of devices, including laptops, desktop computers, gaming consoles, and smart TVs. However, it is important to check the specifications and compatibility requirements for your specific Logitech device to ensure that the dongle will work seamlessly with your device.
Logitech has made efforts to enhance compatibility by introducing Unifying technology, which enables multiple Logitech devices to be connected to a single Unifying dongle. This feature eliminates the hassle of dealing with multiple dongles and simplifies the setup process.
It is worth noting that while Logitech dongles are primarily designed for Logitech devices, they may also work with other compatible devices. If you have a Logitech dongle and want to connect it to a non-Logitech device, it is recommended to check the device’s compatibility and follow the required steps for connection.
Reasons for Reprogramming the Logitech Dongle
Reprogramming a Logitech dongle can offer users a range of benefits, including customizing button settings and troubleshooting connection issues. Let’s explore these two main reasons in detail:
Customizing button settings: One of the primary reasons users reprogram their Logitech dongles is to customize the button settings according to their preferences. This allows them to assign specific functions or macros to the buttons on their Logitech devices, such as their keyboards, mice, or gaming controllers. By reprogramming the dongle, users can unlock a new level of efficiency and personalization in their digital experience. Whether it’s mapping keyboard shortcuts, creating unique gaming commands, or assigning multimedia controls, Logitech dongle reprogramming provides the flexibility to tailor the device to individual needs.
Troubleshooting connection issues: Another frequent reason for reprogramming a Logitech dongle is to address connection issues. Sometimes, users may experience intermittent or unreliable connections between their Logitech devices and the dongle. By reprogramming the dongle, users can reset the connection settings and establish a more stable and reliable connection. This can be especially useful in scenarios where there is interference from other wireless devices or if the original connection settings have become corrupted. Reprogramming the dongle allows for a fresh start, resolving connection issues and ensuring smooth and uninterrupted device usage.
Steps to Reprogram a Logitech Dongle
Reprogramming a Logitech dongle is a straightforward process that can be done in a few simple steps. Follow the instructions below to reprogram your Logitech dongle and customize its settings:
Step 1: Installing Logitech Software
The first step in reprogramming your Logitech dongle is to install the Logitech software on your computer. Visit the Logitech website and locate the software download page. Choose the appropriate software for your operating system and download it. Once downloaded, run the installation file and follow the on-screen instructions to install the software.
Step 2: Connecting the Dongle to the Device
Next, connect the Logitech dongle to the device you wish to reprogram. Depending on the type of dongle you have, you may need to use a USB port or other connectivity options such as Bluetooth. Insert the dongle into the appropriate port or follow the pairing instructions for wireless connection. Ensure that the device recognizes the dongle and establishes a connection.
Step 3: Accessing the Reprogramming Settings
Once the dongle is connected to the device, open the Logitech software that you installed in Step 1. Navigate to the settings or options menu to access the reprogramming settings for the dongle. The location of these settings may vary depending on the specific software version and device compatibility. Look for options related to customizing button functions, assigning macros, or adjusting sensitivity settings. Follow the on-screen instructions or refer to the software documentation for guidance on how to reprogram the dongle to your desired preferences.
By following these three simple steps, you can easily reprogram your Logitech dongle and tailor its settings to suit your needs. Whether you want to change the button functions for better productivity or troubleshoot connection issues, reprogramming the dongle can offer a personalized experience and enhance your overall usage.
Tips for Successful Reprogramming:
When it comes to reprogramming a Logitech dongle, there are a few tips that can help ensure a smooth and successful process. Paying attention to these tips will not only save you time but also prevent any potential issues that may arise during the reprogramming process. Here are four essential tips to keep in mind:
1. Resetting the dongle: Before diving into the reprogramming process, it is recommended to reset the Logitech dongle. This can be done by locating the reset button on the dongle and pressing it using a small, pointed object such as a paperclip. Resetting the dongle will allow it to clear any previous settings and start fresh, providing a clean slate for reprogramming.
2. Ensuring device compatibility: Make sure that the Logitech dongle and the device you wish to connect it to are compatible. Check for compatibility information on Logitech’s official website or user guides. Using an incompatible dongle may lead to connectivity issues or an unsuccessful reprogramming process. Remember to cross-check model numbers and device specifications to ensure compatibility.
3. Testing the reprogrammed settings: After going through the reprogramming process, it is crucial to test the new settings to ensure they are working as intended. Verify that the reprogrammed buttons or functions are performing their designated tasks correctly. This step will give you peace of mind and ensure that the reprogramming process was successful.
4. Backing up original settings (optional): If you wish to preserve the original settings of the Logitech dongle, consider backing them up before reprogramming. This backup will allow you to revert to the default settings in case you encounter any problems or simply want to switch back in the future. Logitech’s software often provides an option to save and restore settings, making this process quick and convenient.
By following these tips, you can increase the chances of a smooth and successful reprogramming process for your Logitech dongle. Remember to always refer to the instruction manual or Logitech’s official resources for further guidance and support.
Conclusion
Reprogramming a Logitech dongle can be a useful solution for those who are experiencing connectivity issues or want to pair their devices with a new receiver. By following the steps outlined in this article, you can easily reprogram your Logitech dongle and ensure seamless wireless connectivity with your devices.
Remember to always refer to the specific instructions provided by Logitech for your particular model of dongle, as the process may vary slightly. Additionally, double-check that your devices are compatible with the dongle and ensure that you have the necessary software or drivers updated on your computer.
With a properly reprogrammed Logitech dongle, you can enjoy uninterrupted wireless performance and take full advantage of your Logitech devices. Say goodbye to connectivity issues and hello to a hassle-free wireless experience!
FAQs
1. What is a Logitech dongle?
A Logitech dongle, also known as a receiver, is a small device that allows you to connect Logitech wireless peripherals, such as keyboards, mice, and game controllers, to your computer. The dongle acts as a receiver for the wireless signals transmitted by the peripherals, enabling them to communicate with your computer without the need for cables.
2. Can I reprogram a Logitech dongle?
No, you cannot reprogram a Logitech dongle. The dongle is specifically designed to work with Logitech devices and has a built-in firmware that is optimized for compatibility and performance. It is not possible to modify or alter the functionality of the dongle through software or other means.
3. How do I pair my Logitech device with the dongle?
To pair a Logitech device with the dongle, follow these steps:
• Make sure the device is turned on and in pairing mode.
• Insert the dongle into a USB port on your computer.
• Wait for the dongle to be recognized by your computer and for the pairing process to complete. This usually happens automatically, but you may need to follow on-screen instructions if prompted.
• Once the pairing is successful, your Logitech device will be ready to use with your computer.
4. How far can the Logitech dongle transmit signals?
The range of a Logitech dongle can vary depending on the specific model and environmental factors. In general, Logitech wireless peripherals have a range of around 10 meters (33 feet) in an open space. However, obstacles such as walls, furniture, and other electronic devices may reduce the effective range. It is best to keep the dongle and the device within reasonable proximity for optimal performance.
5. Can I use a Logitech dongle with multiple devices?
Logitech dongles are designed to work with a specific device or set of devices. Each dongle is paired with a particular Logitech device during the manufacturing process and cannot be easily reprogrammed or paired with other devices. If you want to use a Logitech device with multiple devices, you may need to purchase additional dongles or look for models that support Bluetooth connectivity, which allows for more versatile pairing options. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Skip to main content
The Test Function
The test function represents a single case in your validation suite. It accepts the following arguments:
NameTypeOptionalDescription
nameStringNoThe name of the value or field that is validated.
messageStringYesAn error message to display to the user in case of a failure.
callbackFunctionNoThe actual validation logic for the given test.
keyStringYesA unique key used to retain test value when reordering dynamic tests.
A test can either be synchronous or asynchronous, and it can either have a severity of error or of warn.
tip
The test function is very similar to a unit test's it or test function, with some additions.
How to fail a test?
Throwing inside your test body (using enforce)
Just like in most unit testing frameworks, a validation fails whenever the test body throws an exception. Enforce throws an error on failed validations. When thrown with a string
// const username = 'Gina.Vandervort';
// const password = 'Q3O';
test('username', 'Should be at least 3 characters long', () => {
enforce(username).longerThanOrEquals(3);
}); // this test passes
test('password', 'Should be at least 6 characters long', () => {
enforce(password).longerThanOrEquals(6); // an error is thrown here
}); // this test fails
enforce.extend({
isChecked: value => {
return {
pass: !!value.checked,
message: () => 'value must be checked',
};
},
});
/*...*/
/*
tost = { checked: false }
*/
test('tos', () => {
enforce(tos).isChecked(); // will fail with the message: "value must be checked"
});
Explicitly returning false
To make it easy to migrate your existing validation logic into Vest, it also supports validations explicitly returning false (and not any other falsy value) to represent failures.
// const username = 'Gina.Vandervort';
// const password = 'Q3O';
test('username', 'Should be at least 3 characters long', () => {
return username.length >= 3; // = true
}); // this test passes
test('password', 'Should be at least 6 characters long', () => {
return password.length >= 6; // = false
}); // this test fails
Rejecting a Promise
Read more in the next section on async tests. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:Jtwsaddress42/People/Lovelock, James E.
Lovelock, James E. (1919 - 2022)
Notable Accomplishments
* Electron Capture Detector
* Gaia Hypothesis
Publications | WIKI |
All posts
A Complete Guide to Progress Notes With Comm.care
A Complete Guide to Progress Notes With Comm.care
Table of content
As a service provider, Progress Notes are important documents not only for ensuring the high standard of care for the patient but also to support the Provider Payment Assurance Program. So how does Comm.care help you quickly create high professional Progress Notes?
1. Introduction to Progress Notes
What are Progress Notes?
Progress notes are documents created by support workers at the end of a shift as proof of service delivery. Progress Notes constitute a legal record and are an essential part of the Client File. The terms "case notes" or "support logs" are sometimes used interchangeably to refer to progress notes.
The purpose of progress notes is to record the support delivered on each shift or visit to update the status of your patients and their illnesses. Therefore, you, as a healthcare service provider, can track patients’ progress towards their goals.
Why is it so crucial for Healthcare service providers?
It is a part of records of support delivered that is required by the Provider Payment Assurance Program to get paid.
Information from progress notes can be used to write client NDIS progress reports to help NDIS review participant care plans and guide the carers whose work it is to implement participant goals.
Service providers use it to share information between care teams and participant families to keep track of changes in patient status, routines and needs.
Progress Notes are compulsory to report incidents (and alleged incidents) to the NDIS Commission, either directly or via a supervisor, manager, specified person, or member of the provider’s key personnel.
2. How To Write Standard Progress Notes
At the end of every shift, it is recommended to record progress notes, which can either be handwritten or typed. With Comm.care you can record it easily and quickly access them.
To be effective, Progress Notes must be objective: you must report information that is measurable. Subjective documentation which reflects your opinions or assumptions is not recommended as it cannot be evaluated.
All Progress Notes must include necessary information as follow:
• Date and time of notes.
• Participant’s name/participant’s reference number (previously NDIS number)
• Details of any reportable/significant incidents occurred, including those involving peers or others, and including details of witnesses if there are any.
Here are some guidelines to consider when making progress notes:
• Avoid abbreviations.
• If writing in the paper record, use blue or black ink; for errors, draw a line through the erroneous entry and initial.
• Rote cutting and pasting from previous notes without editing and updating is not permitted; using another provider’s observations or assessments is unethical and unprofessional.
• Write down events in the order in which they happened.
• Write concisely, accurately and include enough information that others can understand what happened.
3. How does Comm.care help you create high professional Progress Notes?
Easily record progress notes
With Comm.care, you can create a progress note for each participant in Circles. You just need to complete the fields within the Progress Note and make sure you complete these as a minimum so your Manager will love you! Other fields, depending on the service type (NDIS, or DSS) Comm.care will show you their related fields.
Easily record progress notes on comm.care
Progress notes on Comm.care
Quickly share and Collaborate with carers
Communicate better between care team members and never miss important updates by sharing notes and progress updates in Comm.care with just a few clicks.
Quickly share progress notes and Collaborate with carers on Comm.care
Care management and collaboration on Comm.care
Ensure all records are up-to-date for Audit purposes
It is possible to share Progress Notes across both NDIS and non-NDIS funded participants. The documents should be maintained as such that they are easy to share within the formal and informal circle of care for the participant. Comm.care securely stores all documents, including Progress Notes, in a cloud-based server to mitigate the risk of information loss, theft, or damage. This system ensures that the documents are easily accessible and extractable within teams. The timeline feature of Comm.care gives a 'single-view' of all the documents of the participants for the ease of access to teams as well as to maintain data for auditing purposes.
Ensure all progress notes are up-to-date for Audit purposes on Comm.care
Care management timeline on Comm.care
Comm.care Team
Comm.care is a comprehensive platform designed to seamlessly streamline care management, invoicing, rostering, and compliance process. Comm.care offers a unified platform for organisations to collaborate with other care institutions and manage care for the elderly, people with disabilities, along with their families and friends.
Visit Author
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Read Post | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Rover Boys on Land and Sea.djvu/172
154 Dan Baxter stood there, staring at her in open-mouthed astonishment.
"Dan Baxter!" she gasped. "Where in the world did you come from?"
For a moment the bully did not answer, so great was his amazement. Dora noted that he was dirty and unkempt, and that his clothing was almost in rags.
"Is it you, Dora Stanhope?" came slowly from the fellow's lips. "Is it really you?"
"Yes," she answered.
"How did you get here? Are you alone?" went on Baxter, coming closer. And then before she could answer, he added: "Got any thing to eat?"
At the last question she looked at him more closely, and saw that he appeared half starved. She pitied him despite his character.
"Yes, we have plenty to eat," she said.
"Then give me something at once," he cried. "Give me something at once!"
"Come with me."
There was now a crashing in the bushes back of Dan Baxter, and in a second more Jack Lesher appeared on the scene. He too was haggard and dirty, and his eyes were much blood-shot, the result of living almost entirely on liquor for several days after being wrecked on the islands. | WIKI |
-- Tech Workers See Opportunity as Health-Care Law Kicks In
John Tricas said he heard opportunity knocking and learned networking software two decades ago, when it was the “next big thing.” Now he senses a similar opening as the health-care overhaul law takes effect. In September, the 56-year-old information-technology worker took a job troubleshooting issues doctors, nurses and other users are having with a new government-funded electronic-records system at a Raleigh, North Carolina , health-care company. “Normally I wouldn’t have taken this, because I have done things at a higher level,” Tricas said of the recruiting call for the position. “But I said, ’I’ll take it’ because that gets my foot in the door.” With President Barack Obama ’s re-election ensuring that his 2010 law will be implemented, companies are scouting for workers like Tricas to fill hundreds of thousands of jobs in everything from running records systems to creating and servicing new insurance exchanges and entering thousands of additional codes for health-care treatments. The federal government projects that under the law, 30 million more Americans will start getting coverage in 2014 through expanded state Medicaid programs or private insurers, or pay a penalty. A study published this month in the Annals of Family Medicine found that the newly insured will contribute to rising demand for medical services, requiring an estimated 8,000 more doctors over 12 years. They also will create jobs for workers in support fields such as IT, already in short supply. ‘Entire Landscape’ “It’s across the entire landscape,” said Guillermo Moreno, vice president in Kissimmee, Florida , at Manpower Inc. (MAN) ’s Experis Healthcare Practice unit. “It’s a growing concern and a growing issue. There’s huge fracture at all levels.” On the IT front, health-care systems, data companies and other industries in need of talent all are competing for the same workers, he said. The U.S. economy may create as many as 758,800 new computer and IT jobs, a 22 percent increase, from 2010 to 2020, the Bureau of Labor Statistics said in its outlook on job growth , released in March. A growing portion of those tech positions will be in what the BLS calls “health care and social assistance,” which will account for about 28 percent of all new jobs in the U.S. economy by 2020. The industry, which includes public and private hospitals, nursing and residential-care facilities, and individual and family services, may increase by a third, or 5.7 million new jobs, twice as many as any other industry, the report said. Adding Urgency Looming deadlines and federal funding add urgency. The shift to electronic medical records is being driven by $20 billion in stimulus spending. In 2015, Medicare reimbursement rates will be cut by 1 percent for doctors not meeting the federal standards for those records. Responding to demand, the industry is re-educating workers for the new IT requirements, said Norma Morganti, executive director of the Midwest Community College Health Information Technology Consortium . Morganti, based at Cuyahoga Community College in Cleveland , coordinates one of five regions in an 82- school federally-funded national effort . The program is designed to train at least 10,500 new specialists in a curriculum that typically can be completed in six months or less. The Midwestern consortium, which coordinates 17 community colleges from Minnesota to Ohio , has enrolled 6,700 students, Morganti said. More than 3,700 have graduated, toward a goal of 5,000 by March 31. Data is not yet available on placements. Experienced Students Many of the students already had more than 10 years’ experience in either health care or information technology and are using the classes to get the expertise they lack in the other area, Morganti said. Of those students, 17 percent had a master’s degree and 39 percent had a bachelor’s degree. Insurance exchanges slated to come online in 2014 are adding demand for IT and other workers, said Les Funtleyder , president of Poliwogg in New York , who has written a book on investing in health care. The online marketplaces, which will link customers to insurance plans, will need computer programmers to build them, and customer support staff to run them, he said. States must say by Dec. 14 whether they will set up their own insurance exchange or rely on the federal government, and have until Feb. 15 to join a hybrid state-federal exchange. “The second these exchanges go up, they are going to need to hire,” Funtleyder said. “This could create a ton of jobs.” State Exchanges Companies such as International Business Machines Corp. (IBM) and Xerox Corp. (XRX) are looking to build states’ insurance exchanges. Armonk, New York-based IBM is working with Maryland and Minnesota on theirs and acquired Curam Software Ltd. of Ireland last year for technology to help develop the programs. Xerox, based in Norwalk, Connecticut , said in September it won a $72 million contract from Nevada . Neither company would comment on how many employees they are adding or have working on the health-insurance exchanges. Accenture Plc (ACN) of Dublin won a $359 million contract in June from California to create its program. Among other companies staffing up is Maximus Inc. (MMS) , said Bruce Caswell, president of the Reston, Virginia, company’s health-care segment, which provides administrative support to government health plans. Maximus expects to begin adding employees next year to help states manage their exchanges, he said. October 2013 Once the insurance marketplaces begin operating in October 2013, thousands of customer-service and administrative workers will be needed, Caswell said. As many as 900 call-center jobs per state will be needed, particularly for those with a high number of uninsured, he said. Caswell declined to say how many workers Maximus plans to hire. Employment in the company’s health-services unit rose 16 percent to 5,634 at the end of September from the same period a year ago. Workers would have to be more skilled than typical call- center employees, Caswell said. They will need to answer questions about various insurance plans and terminology, help customers pick the right plan, speak multiple languages and deal with complex family and income situations. The need for positions probably will taper off in 2016 when most people are expected to have purchased an insurance plan, he said. Customer Support The annual market for providing customer support for the exchanges could be worth $500 million, he said. There could also be an additional $200 million a year in business for helping states expand their Medicaid programs. Another requirement under the law, the switch to a more sophisticated method of coding for reimbursement of care, is also creating new jobs, said Drea Howze, health-care product manager in Bayville, New Jersey , for staffing company Kelly Services Inc. (KELYA) The industry is changing from a standard that used 17,000 codes to a new system with 141,000 codes. “If you can’t bill for services, you can’t get paid for services,” she said. “We’re seeing a huge increase in need for coders from insurance companies.” With the demand for new coders, IT professionals and the clinicians and trainers needed to support them, the shortage of workers may be more than 300,000, said Melisa Bockrath, vice president, Americas Product Group for IT at Troy, Michigan-based Kelly Services. Shortages Growing The shortfall already is growing. A 2012 survey by Ann Arbor, Michigan-based professional association, the College of Healthcare Information Management Executives, found that 67 percent of respondents are having difficulty finding employees, an increase from 59 percent in 2010. The shift in health care will mean changes from the back office to the corporate corner office, said J. Larry Tyler, chief executive officer at health-care recruiter Tyler & Company in Atlanta. Titles such as “chief health enabler” and “chief transformational officer” will proliferate, and medical personnel such as doctors may be elevated from staff jobs to help with the transition, he said. “A lot of the ways we are doing things are just developing.” Tricas said he’s been watching the health-care industry evolve for several years and pursued an eclectic range of projects in IT, trying to shift to new areas as they opened up. “You’re at an early growth curve,” he said. “This is the ground level. You can kind of make your own opportunities.” To contact the reporters on this story: Jeff Green in Southfield, Michigan at jgreen16@bloomberg.net ; Shannon Pettypiece in New York at spettypiece@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story: Kenneth Fireman at kfireman1@bloomberg.net | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Heinemannia
Heinemannia is a genus of moths of the family Elachistidae.
Distribution
Heinemannia species are found in the Palearctic realm, east up to south-western Siberia.
Taxonomy
The genus is mostly placed in the family Elachistidae, but other authors list it as a member of the family Agonoxenidae.
Selected species
* Heinemannia albidorsella (Staudinger, 1877)
* Heinemannia festivella (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)
* Heinemannia laspeyrella (Hübner, 1796) | WIKI |
mientras
Etymology
From (already sparsely attested in the 13th century),, from an older , , which was influenced by the preposition and adverbial (compare , , and ), inherited from. 13th-century Old Spanish generally uses or, but the form gained greater currency in the following centuries.
Adverb
* 1) meanwhile
Conjunction
* 1) while, whilst, as at the same time as
* 2) as long as, so long as expressing a condition
* 3) however much, however many, “the..., the...”
* 4) while, whereas indicating difference
* 1) however much, however many, “the..., the...”
* 2) while, whereas indicating difference
* 1) however much, however many, “the..., the...”
* 2) while, whereas indicating difference
* 1) while, whereas indicating difference
* 1) while, whereas indicating difference | WIKI |
Page:The Spirit of the Age.djvu/358
350 that limit he looks with the most perfect calmness and philosophic indifference.
All people are passionate in what concerns themselves, or in what they take an interest in. The range of this last is different in different persons; but the want of passion is but another name for the want of sympathy and imagination.
The Lord Chancellor's impartiality and conscientious exactness is proverbial; and is, we believe, as inflexible as it is delicate in all cases that occur in the stated routine of legal practice. The impatience, the irritation, the hopes, the fears, the confident tone of the applicants move him not a jot from his intended course, he looks at their claims with the "lack lustre eye" of professional indifference. Power and influence apart, his next strongest passion is to indulge in the exercise of professional learning and skill, to amuse himself with the dry details and intricate windings of the law of equity. He delights to balance a straw, to see a feather turn the scale, or make it even again; and divides and subdivides a scruple to the smallest fraction. | WIKI |
Modern Ranch Living
Modern Ranch Living is a 2004 novel by Mark Poirier and was published by Miramax Books.
Plot
The novel concerns the connection between a pair of very different loners during a hot summer in Arizona. | WIKI |
Amazon Storefronts is a new retail hub exclusively for US small businesses
Amazon is introducing a new section of its massive online store called Amazon Storefronts, which will sell products exclusively from “U.S. small and medium-sized businesses” that are on Amazon. The new page will feature over 1 million products from almost 20,000 companies, along with curated collections, deals, videos, and stories highlighting individual companies. Each week, there will be a featured “Storefront of the Week” for a specific company selling on Amazon, along with a series of “Meet the Business Owner” profiles. Some of the smaller companies that will receive high-profile attention from Amazon are sure to be glad for the extra PR and the dedicated section. But it’s hard to shake the air of “Gee whiz, aren’t small mom-and-pop US-based businesses great? We’re a relatable company that helps people run their companies better, not one that is slowly killing off smaller retail stores that can’t possibly compete with Amazon’s superior and cheaper supply chain management and replacing them with Chinese merchants! That’s not Amazon!” The definition of what Amazon considers a “US small and medium-sized business” also seems pretty flexible. There’s the Little Flower Soap Company, which is set to be the subject of Amazon’s “first-ever national television commercial featuring real businesses that sell on Amazon” (an incredibly specific milestone that essentially means nothing to anyone who doesn’t work at Amazon). But the storefront also features wholly digital products like Kindle Unlimited books that are only debatably a “US-based business” and major tech products like the Eero mesh Wi-Fi router, the ChefSteps Joule, and the Essential Phone. Those probably not what most people have in mind when they think of homegrown American small business. The new Amazon Storefronts page is live now on Amazon’s website. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Discontinued ISSF shooting events
This article includes the ISSF World Shooting Championships medal tables of currently discontinued shooting events. The events that International Shooting Sport Federation presently includes in World Championships and Olympic Games are listed in ISSF shooting events article.
300 metres free rifle prone 40 shots, men
This event was held at World Championships in 1897–1986.
300 metres free rifle prone 40 shots, men team
This event was held at World Championships in 1937–1986.
300 metre free rifle standing 40 shots, men
This event was held at World Championships in 1897–1990.
300 metre free rifle standing 40 shots, men team
This event was held at World Championships in 1937–1990.
300 metre free rifle kneeling 40 shots, men
This event was held at World Championships in 1897–1990.
300 metre free rifle kneeling 40 shots, men team
This event was held at World Championships in 1937–1990.
300 metre army rifle prone, men
This event was held at World Championships in 1911–1939.
300 metre army rifle prone, men team
This event was held at World Championships in 1937.
300 metre army rifle standing, men
This event was held at World Championships in 1911–1939.
300 metre army rifle standing, men team
This event was held at World Championships in 1937.
300 metre army rifle kneeling, men
This event was held at World Championships in 1911–1939.
300 metre army rifle kneeling, men team
This event was held at World Championships in 1937.
300 metre army rifle 3X40 shots, men
This event was held at World Championships in 1939.
300 metre army rifle 3X30 shots, men
This event was held at World Championships in 1911.
300 metre army rifle 3X20 shots, men
This event was held at World Championships in 1912–1939.
300 metre army rifle 3X20 shots, men team
This event was held at World Championships in 1935–1939.
300 metre army rifle 30 fast shots, men
This event was held at World Championships in 1962.
300 metre army rifle URS-system, men
This event was held at World Championships in 1958.
300 metre army rifle URS-system, men team
This event was held at World Championships in 1958.
300 metre army rifle ARG-system, men
This event was held at World Championships in 1949.
300 metre army rifle ARG-system, men team
This event was held at World Championships in 1949.
300 metre army rifle 50 rapid fire shots, men
This event was held at World Championships in 1947.
300 metre army rifle 50 rapid fire shots, men team
This event was held at World Championships in 1947.
100 metre and 200 metre free rifle prone 60 shots, men
This event was held at World Championships in 1931.
50 yards and 100 yards rifle prone 30+30 shots, men
This event was held at World Championships in 1947–1958.
50 yards and 100 yards rifle prone 30+30 shots, men team
This event was held at World Championships in 1947–1958.
50 metre free rifle prone 40 shots, men
This event was held at World Championships in 1929–1970.
50 metre free rifle prone 40 shots, men team
This event was held at World Championships in 1929–1958.
50 metre free rifle standing 40 shots, men
This event was held at World Championships in 1929–1990.
50 metre free rifle standing 40 shots, men team
This event was held at World Championships in 1929–1990.
50 metre free rifle kneeling 40 shots, men
This event was held at World Championships in 1930–1990.
50 metre free rifle kneeling 40 shots, men team
This event was held at World Championships in 1930–1990.
50 metre standard rifle 3X20 shots, men
This event was held at World Championships in 1966–1974.
50 metre standard rifle 3X20 shots, men team
This event was held at World Championships in 1966–1974.
100 metre running deer single shots, men
This event was held at World Championships in 1929–1962.
100 metre running deer single shots, men team
This event was held at World Championships in 1929–1962.
100 metre running deer double shots, men
This event was held at World Championships in 1929–1962.
100 metre running deer double shots, men team
This event was held at World Championships in 1929–1962.
100 metre running deer single shots and double shots, men
This event was held at World Championships in 1949.
100 metre running deer single shots and double shots, men team
This event was held at World Championships in 1949.
50 yards and 100 yards rifle prone 30+30 shots, women
This event was held at World Championships in 1958.
50 metre free rifle 3X30 shots, women
This event was held at World Championships in 1958–1962.
50 metre free rifle 3X30 shots, women team
This event was held at World Championships in 1958.
50 metre free rifle prone, women
This event was held at World Championships in 1962.
25 metre standard pistol, women team
This event was held at World Championships in 1970. | WIKI |
What was the Scopes Trial? In the summer of 1925, John Scopes went to trial on grounds of teaching evolution, which was against the law in Dayton, TN. There were many factors involved to make this event so very publicly known. The arguments of the Scopes Trial, which is also known as the “Monkey Trial”, have been carried far past the year of 1925. When laws are challenged it shakes the town or city one is apart of. This was true for the U.S. as a whole. The Scopes Trial has never been forgotten, and its repercussions are evident.
The book “To Kill a Mockingbird” written by Harper Lee and the article “Scottsboro Boys Trial” both contain controversial court cases. For “To Kill a Mockingbird” a black male named Tom Robinson was accused of raping a white woman named Mayella Ewell. In the “Scottsboro Boys Trial” nine young black men and teenagers are accused of raping two white females named Victoria Price and Ruby Bates. Both cases transpired in the 1930s in Alabama. This is bad for the accused as racism was at an all-time in the 1930s especially in the deep south. This was around the time when the Jim Crow Laws were still intact and black people were not still considered people and they would still lynch black people. If a black man was accused of any crime involving a white person the jury would take the white man's word over the black man’s word. These exact things
The United States of America in the 1920s was a period of debate, of shifting values and changing social structures, and was, above anything else, a battleground of clashing ideologies that ultimately boiled down and exploded within the Scopes Trial of 1925. The Scopes Trial was not in any way, shape, or form primarily a conflict of simply one issue alone. Instead, the Scopes Trial was the height of the tensions that emerged within America during the infamous Roaring 20s, and it, unfortunately, pushed smaller, less-debated topics to the sidelines to make way for the main conflict. Issues which revolved around racial and gender tensions existed and were debated at length within society, but were completely ignored during the proceedings of the
In the mid-1800s, many Americans had concerns about the issues occurring and the impact they made on the United States. To put an end to these numerous issues, many Americans decided to form groups, organizations, and also individuals. They would come up with a variety of strategies to make a change.
During the Progressive Era, America society experienced immense changes in regards to business, politics, ethnic. Taking on the huge responsibilities, the presidents of that period, Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, Woodrow Wilson, actively worked toward equality and social justice.
Over time our Constitution of the United States has given us more voting privileges. We’ve allowed most of our population to be able to vote now in 2017. The only people who can’t are people under the age of 18, aren’t registered, or not a citizen.
The book To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee is a classic novel that revolves mainly around theme and character interaction. Theme is a very important aspect of the book because it sets up major events in the story, and connects it with the modern world. Many issues in the novel still come up today such as race. Character interaction is also very important in the book because the characters learn from each other and grow together. Theme and character interaction are two main forces in the book.
In the text Shirley Chisholm is taking a stand for women’s rights rather than African American rights. Paragraph 4 it states, “ The unspoken assumption is that women are different.” What Chisholm means by this is that they are treated differently due to their gender. Chisholm believes that it is not always true that women are different. Paragraph 6 states, “But the truth is in the political world I have been far oftener discriminated against because I am a woman than because I am black.” Often people are more discriminated for being a woman rather than an African American. In this case, Chisholm for example, takes more defence being discriminated for being a woman than an African American. In paragraph 7 it states, “Prejudice against women
Despite that racial segregation in public schools became unconstitutional due to the notable Brown vs. Board of Education court case in 1954, that was merely the beginning of the transformation of American society and acceptance. Subsequently, the new racial movement allowed other minorities to have the courage to defend their civil rights. This was not only a historical moment for minorities, but for women as well. Women, regardless of race, revolted against oppression and traditions. To be politically correct was now discretional. The reformation of civil rights and societal norms during the mid-twentieth century was a monumental moment in American history. From racial desegregation, to women breaking away from a male dominate society; they all have contributed to the liberalism and diversity of present day America.
Nowadays our world is changing hourly – its political, social and economic global picture depends on the decisions (more or less important, but still important), which are taken every minute. Sometimes it seems that all significant events have taken place, moreover it was a long time ago. At the same time we forget that there are areas of life, our daily lives, which have been completely different recently. In modern Western societies the right to receive education and to vote for women is natural part of life, contrast to the Third world counties, where women still do not have opportunity to take part in decision-making and influence various spheres of life in their countries. Skeptics may wonder: “What is so special about the fact that women are allowed to vote?” I believe that despite all controversial views this event was a huge shift for social change and future breakthrough in this area. For the American feminist movement such impetus was the successful story of the suffrage movement during the First World War, including the adoption of the 19th Amendment.
John Scopes, a high school biology teacher, who found himself at the center of one of the 20th century’s most famous life-changing court hearings; The Scopes Trial. It was also known as the Monkey Trial, where biology teacher John Scopes was prosecuted for teaching evolution in a public school located in Tennessee (Kemper). Prior to the trial, there was a anti-evolution law that was passed making Scopes actions illegal, this was known as The Butler Act. As a matter of fact, when Scopes went against this law it was the first step in moving towards modernism. As well as, causing America to move away from traditional values. This trial was viewed as an opportunity to challenge the authority of the law and to publicize the accuracy
There have been many movements over time that has led America to where we are today. “The Antebellum reforms was a new, more radical anti-slavery movement that emerged by the early 1830s. Its program for ending slavery stood in stark contrast to the “colonizationist” position earlier advocated by some prominent Americans and embodied in the American Colonization Society (1816–1964)”. (Walters, 1995) This reforms were put into place to better everyone as well as their families. Women finally got the freedom to have a choice as well as options on things in their lives. “The best-remembered antebellum reforms was a women’s rights movement, its arrival signaled by a stirring “Declaration of Sentiments” issued in 1848 by a convention in Seneca
What racisms in US at that period was influenced “Tom Robinson trial” in the novel To kill a mockingbird?
Mr. Ewell is considered an underhanded, white man who falls on the outer rings in Maycomb’s
Modern day classrooms were unheard and unseen of more than 50 years ago. If we were to travel back to the past and step foot in classrooms of that time, one theme would run throughout. More than 50 years ago, classrooms were segregated and spoke volumes about the oppression of the colored population. Before the Civil Rights Movement of 1964 and during slavery, classrooms were split up based on color and were limited resources depending on the color of their skin. (Graglia, 2014) Educating colored people wasn’t as important and in some states illegal. Many colored marched with pride for freedom over and over again. This was until May 17, 1954, when the famous case, “Brown v. Board of Education unanimously ruled “separate but equal” public schools for colored people and “white people” and that went against the constitution (Stallion, 2013). This case directly dealt directly with segregation between those of black color and those of white color. It allowed more students to study, work, and learn about each other together. As time went on, this also impacted students to keep studying and motivated students to earn higher education (Stallion, 2013). Assisting to the desegregation between colored people and “white” people, were many great public speakers. One man gave the famous, “I have a dream” speech and risked assassination (Tuck, 2014). | FINEWEB-EDU |
Page:The Monumental Inscriptions in the Parish Church of S. Michael, Coventry.pdf/108
""Here lyeth the body of Mr"
- William Keeling who departed
""Here"
- lieth the body of Mr Wm Chambers
""Here lyeth the body of"
- Edward Bosworth
""Here is the stone from which the brass to the memory of Mrs Mary Vavasor has been taken.""
See Brass S.* page 27.
""In memory of James Adcock"
- who dyed Sept 17th 1732 | WIKI |
GALAS LGBTQ+ Armenian Society
GALAS LGBTQ+ Armenian Society (formerly Gay and Lesbian Armenian Society) is one of the first LGBTQIA+ rights non-governmental organizations founded by Armenian Americans. GALAS was founded in 1998 and is headquartered in West Hollywood, California. Its mission is to serve and support the needs of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer individuals of Armenian descent, to promote their human rights protection, and to advocate for the change of public policy around LGBTQ+ issues.
Organization
GALAS is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. GALAS runs various programs and provides a wide range of services to members of the LGBT community, including emergency response, mental health resources, cultural events, and educational resources.
Leadership
GALAS' Board of Directors is the governing body of the organization.
1990s
In 1998, GALAS was founded in Los Angeles County, California.
In January 1999, GALAS held its first election to fill the seven seats on the newly created Board of Directors, and the original organizational bylaws were ratified.
2000s
In 2001, members of GALAS joined members of Q-Hye in San Francisco to form the first Armenian contingency ever to march in the San Francisco Pride parade. In total, 25 members of both organizations carried banners and Armenian flags down Market Street.
In 2002, GALAS participated for the first time in Los Angeles Pride, where the organization hosted an information booth featuring Armenian music, pictures, and maps of Armenia. Volunteers handed out informative brochures about GALAS, Armenian history, and gay Armenian life.
In 2007, following the assassination of journalist Hrant Dink in Istanbul, GALAS hosted a panel discussion featuring reexamining the social and political environment in Turkey. Participants included Armenian National Committee of America Community Relations Director Haig Hovsepian. During the question and answer session, the audience discussed their concerns regarding Armenian Genocide recognition.
In 2008, Herbert Hoover High School in Glendale, California planned a Day of Silence commemoration to recognize how LGBT+ youth have been "silenced" by harassment and bullying in schools. In response to an ensuing local campaign to keep children out of school on that day, Haig Boyadjian, then the President of GALAS, wrote a letter to the editor of the Glendale News-Press, stating "We want to state unequivocally that the handful of Armenian parents who were vitriolic in their opposition to the Day of Silence do not represent the entire Armenian community. Homosexuality not only exists, it exists within the Armenian community. The members of gay and lesbian society are the children and grandchildren of the Armenian community. We are lesbian, gay, bisexual and trans-gender and there is nothing wrong with us."
California Proposition 8
In 2009, GALAS hosted a conference at West Hollywood's Plummer Park, entitled "The Road to Equality: The Past, Present and Future of the Gay Rights Movement," which concentrated on the aftermath of California Proposition 8 — which banned same-sex marriage in California — and ongoing cases in the California Supreme Court. The guest panel included attorneys from Lambda Legal, representatives from the Los Angeles LGBT Center, and managers of Vote for Equality Campaign, who discussed the various aspects of Proposition 8, including social, cultural and legal. The success of Proposition 8 was contrasted with the failure of the 1976 Briggs Initiative, which sought to ban gays and lesbians from working in California's public schools. Also discussed was GALAS' future, and its role in protecting LGBT+ civil rights.
2010s
In 2010, GALAS again held a conference at Plummer Park, this time entitled "Breaking Through: Legally, Politically, Culturally." Speakers from Lambda Legal and Equality California discussed the current status of efforts to overturn Proposition 8, SB 906 (Civil Marriage Religious Freedom Act).
The Armenian National Committee of America's Raffi Hamparian stated: "The Armenian American community is a broad and diverse entity and one where all voices should be welcomed and heard. The political activism needed to advance justice with respect to the Armenian Genocide and Artsakh is needed from all segments of our community. That means we need the involvement of everyone in our community; young and old, rich and poor, those with a college degree and those with none, those who are gay and those who are straight, or those who were born in America or those who came to this country as immigrants. The rainbow of diversity in our community is a strength, not a weakness. We need to seize our diversity to advance our common cause for justice. This I believe."
In 2010, GALAS raised over $5,000 for AIDS Walk, benefitting APLA Health, an AIDS service organization dedicated to improving lives of people affected by HIV, reducing HIV infection and advocating for fair and effective HIV-related public policy.
2012 DIY Firebombing
During the early morning hours on 8 May 2012, Yerevan LGBT+ bar DIY was fire-bombed. On 15 May, a second attack occurred. GALAS responded shortly thereafter, stating "The response by members of the Armenian Parliament has been equally atrocious. Artsvik Minasyan, who represents the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (Dashnaktsutyun), posted bail for one of the suspects who were charged with the fire-bombing. Afterwards, Minasyan said to Panorama news agency that the suspects '…acted the right way, in context of our societal and national ideals.' We reject his actions and call upon the Armenian Parliament and Dashnaktsutyun to reprimand Minasyan and condemn his actions. Furthermore, we seek his immediate resignation or removal from office for his incitement of homophobia, and his endorsement of hate crimes. We further request a statement from the Armenian Parliament and the Dashnaktsutyun stating that neither organization will stand by those who foster hate and intolerance. Let not those who have faced the reality of intolerance and hatred inflict it upon others, no matter what the 'context of our societal and national ideals.'"
Presidency of Donald Trump
In 2017, Los Angeles Pride replaced its traditional parade festivities with a protest against then-President Donald Trump's anti-LGBTQ+ policies. GALAS participated, declaring "We must rise together and be heard loud and clear - we will resist, we will win." This multi-ethnic and multi-religious coalition included organizations such as API Equality, Bienestar, Equality California, It Gets Better Project, JQ International, the Los Angeles LGBT Center, PFLAG, Satrang, Somos Familia Valle, and The Trevor Project.
GALAS denounced Fresno Unified School District President Brooke Ashjian's 2017 comments regarding the LGBTQ+ education requirements of the Healthy Young Act, which equated the LGBTQ+ community to the Ottoman perpetrators of the Armenian Genocide. Also in 2017, GALAS authored an op-ed applauding Arpa International Film Festival’s screening of the films "Listen to Me: Untold Stories Beyond Hatred" and "Apricot Groves" after the two films, which contain LGBT+ themes, were slashed from the 2017 program for the Golden Apricot Yerevan International Film Festival.
20th Anniversary Celebrations
During the 20th century celebrations, GALAS boardmember Lousine Shamamian was quoted as saying, "GALAS formed 20 years ago because people weren't willing to abandon their Armenian identity in order to explore the rest of who they were, and in particular the way they wanted to love. GALAS continues to exist in order to facilitate and support this safe space which we see growing to one day include the homes of all Armenians."
In 2018, GALAS celebrated its twentieth anniversary at a gala hosted by comedians Lory Tatoulian, Mary Basmadjian, and Movses Shakarian. For GALAS, 2018 marked a renewed pledge to building bridges between GALAS and other LGBTQ+ and Armenian community organizations, and the organization considered the creation of affiliate chapters to raise awareness in both Armenia and across the Armenian diaspora. Among those honored at the event were comedian James Adomian and Mamikon Hovsepyan, executive director of Pink Armenia, an organization with which GALAS has closely partnered. Performances included Element Band, known for their distinctive musical arrangements that preserve and popularize traditional Armenian songs.
2018 Shurnukh Attack
Following the August 2018 attack on nine LGBT+ activists at a private home in the Armenian village of Shurnukh, Haig Boyadjian, then the President of GALAS, stated: "The Armenian government must once and for all take immediate steps to address the recent epidemic of violence targeting its LGBTQ citizens. We are deeply alarmed with the mysterious closing of criminal case regarding the violent attacks against 9 LGBTQ individuals last summer in the village of Shurnukh. The lack of action essentially condones and justifies future hate crimes against Armenia’s LGBTQ community. We are patiently waiting for Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan to defend LGBTQ rights in the ‘New Armenia’ being forged and hope these senseless violent attacks will cease or at least be met with consequences under the law." GALAS joined over 100 Armenian organizations and prominent individuals in issuing a public letter to the Armenian government as well as Armenian political parties, international organizations and churches calling on them to condemn the attack and to promote legislative and policy changes to grant equality and end discrimination against LGBT persons in Armenia.
Inter-community dialogue
In November 2018, GALAS and the Glendale Library, Arts & Culture Department co-sponsored "Beyond Borders: Queer Pop-up Cafe," a moderated roundtable discussion intended to uncover common ground among various LGBTQ+ communities.
In response to several hate incidents targeting Armenian and Jewish institutions in the San Fernando Valley in early 2019, GALAS attended a meeting, hosted by California Assemblymembers Adrin Nazarian and Jesse Gabriel, of religious and lay leaders from the Armenian and Jewish communities for an inter-community dialogue. The discussion focused on efforts to combat hate and discrimination of all forms.
Second Nagorno-Karabakh War
In the aftermath of the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War, GALAS was invited to speak at the November 2020 launch of Kamee Abrahamian, Nancy Baker Cahill, Mashinka Firunts Hakopian, and Nelli Sargsyan's "Monument to the Autonomous Republic of Artsakh," an augmented reality monument geolocated at the intersection of Artsakh Avenue and East Broadway in Glendale, California.
Solidarity with other organizations and causes
In March 2022, YWCA Glendale and Pasadena, glendaleOUT and Glendale Unified School District social sciences teacher Patrick Davarhanian hosted a digital panel entitled "Improving Allyship For Armenian LGBTQIA+ Communities". Panelists included Yerevan State University professor Vahan Bournazian; Pink Armenia director Mamikon Hovsepyan; Right Side NGO founder Lilit Martirosyan; Charachchi member Perch Melikyan; and Erik Adamian of GALAS, ONE Archives Foundation and Charachchi. Panelists relayed observations on human rights violations of LGBTQIA+ community members in Armenia, as depicted in the 2016 documentary "Listen to Me: Untold Stories Beyond Hatred". Panelists also highlighted responses from youth and advocates and presented a call to action to improve allyship for LGBTQIA+ youth and adults in both Armenia and the United States.
In a June 2022 Pride Month article in the Armenian Weekly, GALAS President Erik Adamian stated that "The humans of GALAS affirm and accept each other, amidst hatred and division. We recognize that our journeys are also bigger than one person. When one of us is able to show up in the world authentic in our multiple identities, that makes it possible for others like us to do the same. The organization continues to provide invaluable tools for queer Armenians to invest in their own paths toward dignity and self-actualization."
Following the October 2022 suicide of Arsen and Tigran, a young gay couple in Yerevan, GALAS hosted a virtual support group, stating that "Despite our brave strides towards progress for LGBTQ+ Armenians, we are consistently subjected to blatant homophobia and transphobia from the larger Armenian community, resulting in unfathomable losses like those of Arsen and Tigran."
In January 2023, GALAS co-sponsored the Glendale Peace Walk, a Martin Luther King Jr. Day event. The event gathered a coalition of local organizations dedicated to equality, including Black in Glendale, glendaleOUT, the Glendale Environmental Coalition, the Glendale Teachers Association, and the Glendale Tenants Union.
In March 2023, GALAS hosted Right Side NGO founder Lilit Martirosyan at Glendale Central Library for a public discussion on the situation of LGBTQ+ people in Armenia, discrimination and human rights violations, and how supporters living in the United States can support LGBTQ+ people living in Armenia.
In April 2023, GALAS participated in Glendale Library, Arts & Culture's Armenian History Month celebration, part of the library's Be the Change Series, a program "to build collective understanding of systemic racism, elevate the voices and stories of Black, Indigenous and People of Color (BIPOC)".
Response to anti-LGBTQ+ campaign in Los Angeles County school districts
In May 2023, in response to a series of anti-LGBTQ+ protests in Glendale Unified School District and Los Angeles Unified School District, GALAS, glendaleOUT and Somos Familia Valle released a joint statement denouncing efforts by some parents to undermine LGBTQ+ content within school programming and curricula.
Ahead of an announced protest at a June 2023 reading of author Mary Hoffman's "The Great Big Book of Families” at Saticoy Elementary School in North Hollywood and following the burning of an on-campus rainbow flag, GALAS released a statement that "Identities are formed at a very young age. It is critical to have expansive and inclusive language within schools that depict how different our identities, family structures and lives can be and how that is okay. LGBTQ+ children face a disproportionate amount of challenges, with amplified feelings of isolation and loneliness during teenage years. The inclusion of LGBTQ+ voices is a matter of saving lives; it is a matter of presenting children with critical support, rather than barriers, toward flourishing into healthy adults." The LGBTQ+ counter-protest, which is believed to have outnumbered the protest, was coordinated by local organizations including GALAS, Somos Familia Valle and the San Fernando Valley LGBTQ Center. GALAS President Erik Adamian was quoted as saying "LGBTQ+ individuals exist in all cultures and communities and our representation and our voices being heard is not a matter of discussion, it is a civil right that was earned through decades and decades of LGBTQ activism."
Ahead of a June 2023 Glendale Unified School District Board of Education meeting, GALAS President Erik Adamian commented, "I think that the conflict at GUSD is definitely symptomatic of the larger anti-LGBTQ attacks that have been going on all over the United States. I would say that right now, more than ever, it is very important for us… to make sure that our voices are heard and make sure the message we have is for inclusion of LGBTQ people within schools and within curriculum. LGBTQ people exist in all cultures and communities. Denying their existence in any culture and any community directly harms students because it reinforces that they don't belong." As a crowd of more than 200 — including far-right organizations such as the Proud Boys — gathered outside the Glendale Unified School District headquarters, GALAS joined organizations such as the Armenian American Action Network, Southern California Armenian Democrats and the Los Angeles LGBT Center in voicing support for the school district's LGBTQ+ policies.
Following the June 2023 Glendale Unified School District Board of Education meeting, GALAS, Armenian-American Action Network, and Southern California Armenian Democrats released a joint statement "calling attention to the collective safety of LGBTQ+ Armenians, the need for active allyship, and the dangers of alarmist and racist narratives about the Armenian immigrant population."
In an interview with Canadian newspaper The Globe and Mail, GALAS President Erik Adamian stated, "These attacks are presented as an exercise of parental rights. But they erase the voices of LGBTQ+ people. It is homophobic to say that LGBTQ+ content cannot be included in school curriculums. We have received hateful comments, and we have to think about the safety of our community. But we also know there is tremendous strength in us being together and organizing."
GALAS submitted a public comment in support of Los Angeles County Supervisor Lindsey Horvath's motion to study anti-LGBTQ+ incidents and additional measures the County can take to ensure the safety of LGBTQ+ residents.
Some progressive Armenian activists have noted similarities between anti-LGBTQ+ activism in their community and that in Arab American, Latin and other immigrant communities in the United States – a development they considered the result of a "deliberate divide and conquer strategy" by white conservative activists.
Response to increase in racist and transphobic violence
Following the July 2023 killing of O'Shae Sibley, GALAS' statement noted that "Sibley's killing is part of a larger trend of worsening anti-LGBTQ+ violence. Queer and trans people, especially those of color, are among the communities which have seen the sharpest increase in bias-motivated violence. This violence — and the anti-LGBTQ+ rhetoric from which it stems — has seen a worrying rise in recent years, and no community is exempt."
Following the August 2023 killing in Yerevan of Adriana, a transgender woman, GALAS called on non-LGBTQ+ Armenians to show allyship, stating that "While LGBTQ+ Armenians protect and uplift one another, allyship from the larger Armenian community is most integral in cultivating an equitable and just community that is welcoming and representative of all Armenians."
25th Anniversary Celebrations
In September 2023, GALAS celebrated its twenty-fifth anniversary at a gala. The event was emceed by comedians Mary Basmadjian and Andy Kenareki, and performers included drag queen Anoush Ellah and singer Krista Marina.
On a March 2024 episode of Mike Bonin's podcast What's Next, Los Angeles?, GALAS President Erik Adamian recounted the backlash to GALAS' 25th anniversary gala, stating "There were some campaigns that were carried out after [the gala] targeted towards how GALAS is, quote-unquote, 'desecrating Armenian culture and identity', and targeting many of the people were in attendance at the gala, and what was being performed there. And, somehow, GALAS' program at the gala became a topic of discussion for parents in Glendale Unified, and it's all been very surreal. It's all been very disheartening to witness."
Response to 2023 attacks on Artsakh and Gaza
In response to the 2023 Azerbaijani offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh, GALAS, as part of the Armenian-American Justice Coalition, released a statement, calling "for all Armenians to remain united and focused as an Armenian diaspora community. We cannot afford more division. This is the time to protect all Armenians, so that we can continue to support our homeland. Our strength is in our people. We must build collectively and refuse to give up, as our people in our homeland are under attack." GALAS submitted a public comment in support of Los Angeles County Supervisors Lindsey Horvath and Kathryn Barger's motion to provide humanitarian aid to refugees.
In response to the 2023 Israeli offensive in the Gaza Strip, GALAS, alongside organizations such as Jewish Voice for Peace, joined the Rising Majority coalition in demanding an end to the violence, noting that "our struggles are inextricably linked."
Outreach
GALAS strives to connect with communities to learn their needs, and to collaborate on supportive programming for LGBTQ+ Armenians.
United States Census
In March 2023, GALAS submitted a supportive letter in response to the Office of Management and Budget's request for public comments on the initial proposals from the Federal Interagency Technical Working Group on Race and Ethnicity Standards for adding a Middle Eastern or North African category to the United States census. In the letter, GALAS maintains the following:
* Armenian-Americans are a sizable and important community that currently is not counted by the United States and must no longer be excluded;
* Armenian-Americans are among the top 3 largest MENA communities in terms of population size and must have that reflected with an Armenian checkbox on the new census form;
* Armenians are a transnational group in the MENA region and like other populations must be counted as a transnational group;
* Armenian-Americans overwhelmingly support Census classification that includes their community.
In an interview with The 19th, GALAS President Erik Adamian stated, "If you think about the number of Armenians here, and how many of us are queer, we are certain that with proper data gathering and census information we would be able to have access to a different level of information in terms of how large our community actually is, and how far and wide it reaches."
California State Data
GALAS has endorsed California State Assembly bill AB 2763, commonly referred to as the California MENA Inclusion Act, which would require the State of California to add a distinct MENA (Middle Eastern and North African) category for all state data and agencies.
Armenian Diaspora Survey
GALAS has provided assistance to the researchers at the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation's Armenian Diaspora Survey in collecting data pertaining to LGBTQI Armenians in the United States. The report, published in May 2023, suggests that Armenian Americans, particularly under the age of 35, are supportive of LGBTQI inclusion in the Armenian community.
"[T]he study suggests that Armenians in the [United States] tend to be open-minded about wider societal issues. For instance, a question (Q25) in the survey is related to views on LGBTQI. The large majority of the respondents in the US (73%)... say, 'Yes, one can be LGBTQI and be a part of an Armenian community.' A higher percent (84%) of the 25-34 years old in the US were in the affirmative. About two in ten (US 16%) of the respondents said they do not have an opinion on the issue or 'Don't know'. Only about one in ten (US 11%) said, 'No, one cannot be LGBTQI and be a part of Armenian community.'"
Safe spaces
GALAS hosts safe spaces for discussion and understanding amongst LGBTQ+ Armenians and their communities.
Soorj Session
Since 2018, GALAS has hosted its ongoing "Soorj Session" events, which are guided roundtable conversations between LGBTQ+ Armenians, their parents, families and friends to explore understanding and acceptance of LGBTQ+ identities and individuals. These conversations are facilitated by mental health and social work professionals through the sharing of coffee (սուրճ). Due to significant demand, Soorj Sessions are now a regular GALAS program, held every other month. While the event was initially envisioned as youth-focused, organizers soon realized that parents and allies were also in need of the program.
Educational resources
GALAS educates the community about LGBTQ+ issues for advancement and safety through presentation, collaborations, and expertise.
Higher education
In May 2023, as part of Glendale Community College's Pride Week, GALAS hosted a panel discussion. Panelists shared their stories and provided insight in how to best support LGBTQ+ Armenians.
Leadership development
GALAS provides annual scholarships for LGBTQ+ Armenian and opportunities to for leadership advancement.
Scholarships
For nearly all of the organization's history, GALAS has offered academic scholarships to undergraduate and graduate students.
Culture
GALAS hosts cultural events to celebrate Armenian heritage and to engage with the greater Armenian community.
Performing arts
In June 2023, Glendale poet laureate Raffi Joe Wartanian hosted an evening of poetry readings and performances by local members of the LGBTQ+ Armenian community.
Visual arts
In 2018, GALAS, Abril Books, the Roslin Art Gallery, and ACE/121 Gallery collaborated to organize a series of LGBTQ-themed events, including an art show entitled "The Many Faces of Armenians: A Celebration of Queer-Armenian Art," in Glendale, California. Among the nearly 20 participating artists, most were Los Angeles-based. Their mixed-media work incorporated Armenian history and iconic symbols — such as the Armenian Genocide, Mount Ararat, and pomegranates — confronting duality of two cultures, but of being a gay immigrant, a minority within a minority. GALAS Boardmember Lousine Shamamian was quoted as saying "For GALAS to be celebrating LGBTQ pride in Glendale — the heart of the Armenian diaspora — is a profound marker of the progress the LGBTQ Armenian community has made."
In October 2023, GALAS hosted a visit to the Hammer Museum's "Becoming Van Leo" photography exhibition.
Also in October 2023, GALAS participated in the Museum of Neon Art's "Light in the Dark: Queen Narratives in Neon" exhibition.
Film screenings
In 2016, GALAS held a sold-out screening of the Armenian Genocide film The Promise at the Cinerama Dome on its opening night.
Also in 2016, GALAS partnered with the Armenian Youth Federation to host a screening of "Listen to Me: Untold Stories Beyond Hatred," a documentary about Armenia's LGBT+ community. The screening served as a part of the official launch of the Armenian Youth Federation's United Human Rights Council's "Project Ser," a campaign to raise awareness about gender issues, sexuality, and LGBT issues.
Book discussions
In May 2023, GALAS hosted author Taleen Voskuni for a discussion of her novel "Sorry, Bro" at 2220 Arts + Archives, in the Westlake neighborhood of Los Angeles.
In July 2023, GALAS, in partnership with Glendale Library, Arts & Culture and Abril Books, hosted author Nancy Agabian for a discussion of her novel "The Fear of Large and Small Nations". Reminiscing on this event, Agabian has stated that "GALAS has been really critical in resisting that backlash against the schools here that are participating in Pride Month."
Queernissage
Since 2021, GALAS has hosted Queernissage, a yearly open-air market inspired by Yerevan's Vernissage market, and featuring LGBTQ+ creatives of Southwest Asian and North African (SWANA) descent. Through this event, GALAS aims to create a space for its community members to express and share their creativity with each other and with the public.
At the 2021 event, then-Boardmember Lousine Shamamian was quoted as saying "One of the things that I noticed with all of the general action that was happening around Artsakh was that a lot of LGBTQ Armenians were actively engaging with the broader Armenian community. Prior to that, there was a separation of Armenian queer folks…they didn’t feel a sense of belonging to the bigger community.” A number of the vendors at the event began making their items as fundraisers for relief efforts in Artsakh.
Armenian digital media platform Miaseen featured the 2021 event in a series of videos named "Queernissage Profiles," which featured vendors at the event.
Items for sale at the 2022 event included spices, jewelry, pottery, posters, books, and even food. Among the attendees was Glendale mayor Ardy Kassakhian, who stated "If someone’s going to threaten this group of people, I’m going stand there with them and make sure I’m there and present and show myself as a mayor of a large Armenian community — saying that I am here to serve every Armenian."
Queernissage returned in August 2023.
Honors and recognition
In May 2022, the City of Glendale issued a Pride Month proclamation honoring GALAS and glendaleOUT.
At an October 2022 fundraiser hosted by California State Assemblymember Adrin Nazarian, the organization and its members received awards and recognition from local elected officials, including Los Angeles County Supervisors Kathryn Barger and Hilda Solis, and Los Angeles City Councilmember Paul Krekorian.
In June 2023, the City of Glendale issued a Pride Month proclamation honoring GALAS and glendaleOUT, as well as a commendation celebrating GALAS' twenty-fifth anniversary.
Los Angeles County Supervisor Lindsey Horvath awarded GALAS with a 2023 John Anson Ford Human Relations Award, "for outstanding human relations projects and programs throughout the County". | WIKI |
Geographic information systems in China
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are an increasingly important component of business, healthcare, security, government, trade, media, transportation and tourism industries and operations in China. GIS software is playing an increasing role in the way Chinese companies analyze and manage business operations.
History
Geographic information systems (GIS) first became widely available in the 1980s and 1990s, when the only source of geographic data for China was paper maps. Several universities undertook the task of digitizing this information so researchers could use it.
The two earliest projects were conducted by The Australian Consortium for the Asian Spatial Information and Analysis Network (ACASIAN) at Griffith University and the China Data Center at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor. ACASIAN specialized in spatial coverage while the China Data Center included GIS coverage in their mission to provide Chinese statistical and census data.
High-quality GIS data is produced in China by both government organizations and private companies. China's National Spatial Data Infrastructure Project uses the WGS84 standard. The partial timeline is:
* In 1991, China's first color Map Editing and Publication System, MapCAD.
* In 1995, China's first National Advanced GIS Software, Computer based GIS, MapGIS.
* In 2005, The fourth generation of large-scale distributed structure GIS, MapGIS 7.0
* In 2009, China's GIS new ero—MapGIS K9.
Geographic Names Information System
In the early 1980s, China began studies for the establishment of its Geographic Names Information System (地名信息系统) and Geographic Names Information System Research Laboratory, and the establishment of the National Atlas of Geographical Names database research.
Education
The China Association for Geographic Information System, Peking University and other institutes sponsored the first "Innovation and Development, 2006 College GIS Forum" in Beijing. More than 300 experts attended the forum. Sessions involved China's GIS research in multi-disciplinary fields, personnel training, and technology. China has now more than 500 institutions of higher learning training GIS-related professionals, of which more than 200 universities and colleges have established a GIS lab.
Industry
The GIS industry in China is worth 400 billion yuan per annum as of November 2007. More than 300,000 people were involved in either building or using these systems, according to Zondy Cyber Group president Wu Xincai, who is also the president of the China Association for Geographic Information System. Almost 20,000 enterprises are estimated to have engaged in the industry. The biggest vendor of GIS in China is Zondy Cyber Group, followed by SuperMap. Around 2,000 of these have GIS as a core discipline or function. The industry's rapid expansion is attributed to China's economic development, which has led to an increase in capital input, from both government and businesses. Between 2001 and 2005, the Ministry of Information Industry allocated more than 20 million yuan to fund the development and application of GIS. GIS has been used in land survey, mineral exploitation, water conservancy and environmental protection. It also has applications in power generation, mapping, telecommunication, and the management of public administration and public services.
Notable persons
Chen Shupeng (1920–2008) is considered the founder of remote sensing and GIS in China. Chen started the State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System (LREIS) in 1987.
Institutions
Major institutions include:
* National Geographic Information System (国家基础地理信息中心)
* National Fundamental Geographic Information System
* National Geomatics Center of China
* State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping
* Institute of Soil Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences
* The Data Sharing Network of Earth System Science
* SuperMap is a stand-alone GIS program and data provider. They have several large contracts with the Chinese government and are one of the few sources for 1:500 scale map data which they offer for a limited number of cities.
* MapWorld provides 1:10,000 and 1:25,000 scale data on a range of topics from administrative boundaries to facilities management. They provide datum and projection information and prepare data in either ESRI or MapInfo formats.
* Beijing Creation Science & Technology Development specializes in personalized data sets at any scale. They also prepare and process satellite images.
* State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System (LREIS)
* Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Geospatial Science
* China University of Geosciences
Global navigation satellite system
* BeiDou Navigation Satellite System is used for GIS data gathering | WIKI |
Jianhui Cai
Hebei Medical University, Chentow, Hebei, China
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Publications (4)7.49 Total impact
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ABSTRACT: Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) immunotherapy has been used clinically for years to treat malignancies. Improving the killing efficiency of effector cells, such as tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), is an important component for enhancing the clinical response of cancer immunotherapy. Hence, we explored a novel method for preparing cancer-specific CTLs using naive T lymphocytes. C57BL/6 mice bearing B16 melanoma tumors were pretreated with cyclophosphamide (CTX) by peritoneal injection. The immunosuppressive influence of CTX on tumor regression and the tumor microenvironment was assessed. Naive T cells and T cell pools were isolated via negative selection using immunomagnetic beads. The proliferative potential and cytokine production of different T cell subpopulations were evaluated in vitro. Tumor-specific CTLs derived from naive T cells (naive CD4+ T cells: naive CD8+ T cells = 2:1) and pooled T cells were generated in vitro, respectively. B16 melanoma-bearing C57BL/6 mice were pretreated with CTX, followed by ACT immunotherapy using dendritic cell-induced CTLs. The homing abilities of the effector cells and interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-γ, granzyme B, and perforin mRNA levels in tumor tissues were evaluated, and the change in tumor volume was measured. Mice receiving CTX peritoneal pretreatment injections did not display tumor regression compared with control mice. However, a significant downregulation of splenic Tregs and tumor growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) serum levels was observed (P < 0.05). Naive T cells showed a stronger proliferative capacity and elevated cytokine production than did pooled T cells (P < 0.05). In addition, effector cells generated from naive T cells displayed more potent antitumor activity in vivo than those derived from pooled T cells (P < 0.05). Effector cells derived from the naive T cells possess a stronger proliferative potential, homing capacity, and enhanced cytokine production, which leads to a superior antitumor response.
Chinese medical journal 04/2014; 127(7):1328-33. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.20123364 · 1.05 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Converging evidence supports the central role of DNA damage in progression to breast cancer. We therefore in this study aimed to assess the potential interactions of seven common polymorphisms from five DNA repair genes (XRCC1, XRCC2, XRCC3, XPA and APEX1) in association with breast cancer among Han Chinese women. This was a case-control study involving 606 patients diagnosed with sporadic breast cancer and 633 age- and ethnicity-matched cancer-free controls. The polymerase chain reaction - ligase detection reaction method was used to determine genotypes. All seven polymorphisms were in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in controls. Differences in the genotypes and alleles of XRCC1 gene rs25487 and XPA gene rs1800975 were statistically significant between patients and controls, even after the Bonferroni correction (P<0.05/7). Accordingly, the risk for breast cancer was remarkably increased for rs25487 (OR = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.07-1.51; P = 0.006), but decreased for rs1800975 (OR = 0.77; 95% CI: 0.67-0.90; P = 0.001) under an additive model at a Bonferroni corrected alpha of 0.05/7. Allele combination analysis showed higher frequencies of the most common combination C-G-G-C-G-G-G (alleles in order of rs1799782, rs25487, rs3218536, rs861539, rs1800975, rs1760944 and rs1130409) in controls than in patients (PSim = 0.002). In further interaction analysis, two-locus model including rs1800975 and rs25487 was deemed as the overall best model with the maximal testing accuracy of 0.654 and the cross-validation consistency of 10 out of 10 (P = 0.001). Our findings provide clear evidence that XRCC1 gene rs25487 and XPA gene rs1800975 might exert both independent and interactive effects on the development of breast cancer among northern Chinese women.
PLoS ONE 03/2014; 9(3):e92083. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0092083 · 3.23 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Adoptive cell transfer immunotherapy of malignant tumors has the problem of symbiosis between effector cells and tumor cells, a short in vivo residence time, and a poor killing efficiency of effector cells. Thus, releasing effector cells from the cancer immunosuppressive microenvironment and improving their effective time and functional status in vivo would seem to be ideal strategies for facilitating immunotherapy. Low-dose cyclophosphamide administration can effectively break immunotolerance by inhibiting regulatory T cells. In the present study, in order to verify whether the persistence, distribution and function of effector cells can be improved by inhibiting immunosuppressive microenvironment, low-dose cyclophosphamide was previously intraperitoneally injected into melanoma-bearing C57BL/6 mice, thereafter, CFSE-labeled cytotoxic T lymphocytes were transfused intravenously, and their effective time, distributive pattern, and killing efficiency in different groups were observed by measuring the fluorescence intensity and cell cycle of cytotoxic T lymphocytes distributed in various organs, in comparison with tumor growth. We found down-regulating Tregs in vivo can simultaneously reduce the levels of interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-β. Migration and distribution of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vivo was found to vary with time. Inhibition of immunotolerance can significantly improve the persistence, distribution, and function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Correspondingly, significantly higher secretion of perforin, granzyme B, IL-2, and IFN-γ in tumor tissues with decreased tumor growth was seen in the cyclophosphamide injection group than in the control group. Our study may provide useful information on the cyclophosphamide-mediated mechanism for facilitating tumor immunotherapy by inhibiting the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Scandinavian Journal of Immunology 05/2013; 78(1). DOI:10.1111/sji.12065 · 1.74 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Epidermal growth factor (EGF) plays an important role in tumorigenesis. The association between the +61 A/G polymorphism of the EGF gene and colon cancer risk remains controversial and unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between EGF +61 A/G polymorphism and colon cancer risk in a Chinese population. A hospital-based case-control study was conducted to assess the possible association between EGF +61 A/G polymorphism and colon cancer risk. A total of 180 colon cancer patients and 180 cancer-free healthy controls were recruited in the Chinese population. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood, and gene polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Colon cancer patients had a significantly higher frequency of +61 GG genotype (odds ratio [OR]=1.93, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.07, 3.50; p=0.03) than that of controls. When stratified by the tumor location, tumor size, growth pattern, differentiation, and tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage of colon cancer, no statistically significant results were observed. Our study revealed that EGF +61 GG genotype was associated with a higher risk of colon cancer in Chinese population.
Genetic Testing and Molecular Biomarkers 05/2012; 16(9):1142-5. DOI:10.1089/gtmb.2012.0109 · 1.46 Impact Factor | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) has develop into a beacon of hope for tens of millions of people today and partners worldwide who face challenges in conceiving obviously. This assisted reproductive know-how (Artwork) has progressed around the years, supplying options to a assortment of fertility concerns. In this complete guidebook, we’ll take a look at the IVF method, what you can assume during the remedy, and critical factors for anyone imagining about this route to parenthood.
What is IVF?
In Vitro Fertilization is a method by which an egg is fertilized by sperm outside the house the human body, “in vitro” (in glass). The process consists of checking and stimulating a person’s ovulatory method, eliminating an ovum or ova (egg or eggs) from the ovaries, and letting sperm fertilize them in a laboratory tradition dish. The fertilized egg (embryo) undergoes embryo tradition for 2–6 days and is then transferred to the exact or one more person’s uterus, with the intention of setting up a productive being pregnant.
The IVF Process
The IVF journey is intricate and involves a thorough being familiar with. Beneath is the step-by-stage process ordinarily associated in IVF:
1. First Session and Screening
The system begins with a series of tests and consultations. Fertility professionals overview health care histories, perform actual physical exams, and accomplish baseline fertility assessments, which may possibly include blood assessments and ultrasounds for both partners.
2. Ovarian Stimulation
In a purely natural menstrual cycle, typically only one particular egg is produced. IVF necessitates many eggs to raise the possibilities of prosperous fertilization. Fertility prescription drugs are approved to stimulate the ovaries to develop quite a few eggs. Throughout this period, individuals are intently monitored as a result of blood tests and ultrasound scans to monitor the enhancement of the follicles (the place eggs establish).
3. Egg Retrieval
The moment the follicles reach a ideal dimension, a result in shot is administered to experienced the eggs. Somewhere around 36 hrs later on, the eggs are retrieved as a result of a minor surgical method acknowledged as follicular aspiration. It truly is frequently completed under sedation or anesthesia, the place a needle is inserted as a result of the vaginal wall to extract the eggs from the ovaries.
4. Sperm Selection
On the working day of egg retrieval or shortly ahead of, a sperm sample is gathered from the male spouse or a donor. The sperm is processed to isolate the best top quality sperm for fertilization.
5. Fertilization
The eggs and sperm are positioned together in a laboratory dish to really encourage fertilization. At times, a solitary sperm might be injected immediately into an egg to boost the odds of fertilization, a method named Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI).
six. Embryo Lifestyle
Following fertilization, the embryos are monitored for several days. Throughout this interval, the embryos are assessed for high-quality, and the most effective ones are picked for transfer.
7. Embryo Transfer
The most practical embryo(s) are transferred into the uterus. This is a crucial action that is generally carried out using a slim catheter inserted by the cervix. view publisher site is a painless procedure for most, despite the fact that some may possibly expertise gentle distress.
8. The Two-Week Wait around
Following the embryo transfer, sufferers undergo a time period colloquially known as the “two-week hold out” just before getting a pregnancy check. This can be an emotionally powerful time whole of anticipation and stress.
9. Being pregnant Check
Roughly two months just after the embryo transfer, a blood exam is done to measure the levels of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG), the being pregnant hormone, to ascertain if the IVF treatment has been profitable.
What to Count on
The IVF process is emotionally and physically demanding. Here are various aspects future mothers and fathers ought to be well prepared for:
Emotional Criteria
The emotional rollercoaster of IVF can be taxing. Several knowledge a mix of hope, stress, and anxiety of failure. It’s critical to find aid, irrespective of whether by way of counseling, assist teams, or connecting with many others likely by means of the similar expertise.
Physical Calls for
The fertility drugs can lead to aspect outcomes ranging from gentle (bloating, temper swings) to serious (Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome). The techniques, whilst usually protected, can in some cases guide to distress or, in scarce cases, complications.
Money Component
IVF can be high priced and is not generally covered by insurance policy. It can be very important to be distinct about the fees involved and examine economical organizing or help packages if important.
Success Charges
Achievements prices for IVF change dependent on variables this kind of as age, the purpose for infertility, and the clinic’s good results charges. It can be critical to have practical anticipations and comprehend that more than a person cycle could be needed.
Essential Considerations In advance of Setting up IVF
Right before embarking on IVF, consider the adhering to:
Selecting a Clinic
Investigate and pick out a highly regarded clinic. Look at achievements rates, the knowledge of the staff, the assist supplied, and the clinic’s strategy to treatment.
Life-style Modifications
Adopting a healthier life style can boost the prospects of IVF accomplishment. This contains preserving a wholesome bodyweight, quitting smoking cigarettes, reducing alcohol consumption, and managing pressure.
Understanding the Hazards
Though normally safe and sound, IVF does carry dangers this sort of as a number of pregnancies, ectopic pregnancy, and the psychological and bodily effect of the treatment.
Legal and Moral Issues
There may be lawful or ethical factors, specifically with regards to unused embryos, donor eggs or sperm, and surrogacy preparations. It is crucial to realize these factors totally.
Conclusion
IVF has transformed the landscape of fertility therapies, offering hope exactly where there when may possibly have been none. With improvements in clinical science, the success charges of IVF have enhanced, but the journey remains sophisticated. It’s a path stuffed with likely highs and lows, and coming into the process properly-informed can make all the variation. For people thinking about IVF, gathering info, trying to get guidance, and making ready for the psychological journey can help regulate expectations and deliver some semblance of handle around a system that normally feels everything but predictable. With careful thought and guidance from health-related professionals, IVF can be a move toward creating a household for quite a few who would normally come across it out of arrive at. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
* Why were trenches used in WWI? * Look of trenches * Conditions inside the trenches * Why trenches were so bad * New technology: Big Guns, Planes, Machine guns, Tanks, Gas, Gas masks, Zeppelins, Flame throwers, Submarines * Soldiers equipment * Conclusion
Why were trenches used in WWI?
Trenches were used in world war one to protect soldiers from German fire. They were little ditches in the ground that each person had for themselves, but soon they joined into a line to communicate easier.
It’s called a trench because they carried spades called ‘entrenchers’ to dig, so to dig something was to ‘entrench it’. Ever since then the name trench developed.
Front line trenches were backed up by support trenches, communication trenches, dead end trenches (to confuse the enemy) and large ‘dug-outs’.
The area between the two sides was named ‘no man’s land’ as it was neither side’s territory. The trenches were under almost constant shell fire and bitterly-fought trench raids to collect prisoners and information, took place almost every night.
All men on the front line feared for their lives, especially as the German’s had fearful new weapons like flamethrowers. In addition, the men had to put up with the most awful living conditions.
Northern France where the trenches were mainly was in low-lying countryside, making them damp and muggy, and front line troops were seldom dry.
Look of trenches
Trenches were around 7ft deep and built by the soldiers themselves, they could span for hundreds of km. Some of the main features of the trenches were..... * Barbed wire, this was placed around 6 ft away from the top edge of the trenches. This was the 1st line of defence in the trenches to stop enemy soldiers entering the trenches. * Fire step, this would help soldiers to get 'Over the Top'(out over the top of the trench) also it would help the soldiers get better aim when shooting out of the trench. * Dug out, this was to protect soldiers whilst they were getting their well earned rest. * Zigzag formation, extremely hard to take over as there could be an ambush around any of the corners, also strong against aerial bombings as the force of the force of the bomb couldn't sweep down a straight line it had to take out all the corners as well. * Machine gun posts were strategically placed around trenches to gun down any on coming enemy soldiers.
Conditions inside the trenches
Conditions inside the trenches were extremely poor. The ground was almost constantly wet, which affected the soldiers. They would have to live, eat and sleep in the same place every day and night. Living in those conditions caused a few problems.
Soldiers had limited rations for each day. A British soldier would of had: * Bully (corned) beef – 454g * Bread or biscuits – 567g * Bacon – 113g * Tea – 14g * Sugar – 56g * Jam – 56g * Cheese – 28g * Butter – 21g * Potatoes – 340g
Also small amounts of salt, pepper and mustard. They would eat this out of a ‘mess-tin’. Front line men were also rationed rum, to help calm their nerves.
As many soldiers fell to their deaths, their bodies would have been left as they were to rot. These corpses, as well as the food scraps that littered the trenches, attracted rats.
Rats can produce nearly 200 offspring in a year, some of them growing extremely large. Although the rats normally targeted corpses, a wounded man that could not defend himself would simply be eaten alive.
Body lice infected many men in the trenches, but the disease did not kill. It stopped men from fighting though, and accounted for about 15% of all cases of sickness in the British Army.
One soldier described them as ‘pale fawn in colour, and they left the body blotchy and red with bite marks all over’.
As well as causing rashes over the body, the lice carried a disease known as pyrexia or trench fever. Where | FINEWEB-EDU |
git checkout: detailed meaning of “theirs” and “ours”
The git checkout documentation says:
–ours
–theirs
When checking out paths from the index, check out stage #2 (ours) or #3 (theirs) for unmerged paths.
• commit count calculation in git-describe
• What are .rej files which are created during merge
• Git “leaky” branches?
• Migrate SVN to git with cleanup
• Merge/Branch Strategy
• How should I manage Test Harnesses in Git - Should they be in a separate repo?
• What’s the meaning of “stage #2” and “stage #3” during merge, rebase and cherry-pick? Is there a way to query theses “stages” before running the command to make sure it will retrieve the correct version?
• Visual Studio - AppBuilder - Git Hub - .sou file issue
• Cannot use remote repository in a composer on windows
• Why does git keep messing with my line endings?
• Git diff thinks line endings are LF when EOL is set to CRLF in .gitattributes
• Auto-push changes to one folder in a git repository to github?
• Maintain different directory structure in different git branches
• 2 Solutions collect form web for “git checkout: detailed meaning of “theirs” and “ours””
These are documented (though not all that clearly, I think) in the gitrevisions documentation:
A colon, optionally followed by a stage number (0 to 3) and a colon, followed by a path, names a blob object in the index at the given path. A missing stage number (and the colon that follows it) names a stage 0 entry. During a merge, stage 1 is the common ancestor, stage 2 is the target branch’s version (typically the current branch), and stage 3 is the version from the branch which is being merged.
To these, you then need to add knowledge about how git rebase and git cherry-pick work.
Normal cherry picking is well-defined: “ours” is the HEAD version, i.e., the branch you were (and still are) on, while “theirs” is the commit you’re actively picking. When you cherry-pick a single commit, it’s all pretty obvious: stage #1 is the common ancestor, stage #2 is the version from the tip of your current branch, and stage #3 is the version you’re cherry-picking.
If you cherry-pick a series of commits, this is still true, it’s just true iteratively. Say you’re cherry-picking three commits, for instance. Git simply does the three one-at-a-time. During the first cherry-pick, stage #2 is the tip of your branch, and stage #3 is the version from the first commit being cherry-picked. Once that commit cherry-pick finishes, git makes a new commit, advancing the tip of your branch. Then, during the second cherry-pick, stage #2 is the tip of your branch, which is the commit your first cherry-pick made, and stage #3 is the version from the second commit being picked. This repeats again for the final commit. Each time, stage #3 is “their” version.
Rebase, however, is a little tricky. Internally, it starts by getting you onto a new, anonymous branch (a “detached HEAD”). Then it runs git cherry-pick to pick each commit from your original branch. This means that “ours” is the detached HEAD version, while “theirs” is the version from your original branch. Just like cherry-pick, this repeats iteratively for every commit to be picked (literally so in the case of an interactive rebase, where you edit the pick lines). Once the rebase finishes, git simply shuffles the branch label around, so that the new anonymous branch that you just made is your code.
In short, you can think of rebase as “reversing the ours/theirs settings”—but this is an exaggeration. It might be more accurate to say that stage 2 is your new, melded-in code, and stage 3 is your old code.
The Git documentation for merge (as well as a few other places) explains that an index file records up to three versions, or stages:
For conflicting paths, the index file records up to three versions: stage 1 stores the version from the common ancestor, stage 2 from HEAD, and stage 3 from MERGE_HEAD (you can inspect the stages with git ls-files -u). The working tree files contain the result of the “merge” program; i.e. 3-way merge results with familiar conflict markers <<< === >>>.
Here is a diagram showing what the three stages are in a typical Git merge:
Common Ancestor -> C1 --- C2 <- MERGE_HEAD (Stage 3)
(Stage 1) \
--- C3 --- C4 <- HEAD (Stage 2)
This assumes that the branch whose HEAD is C4 is being merged back onto the branch ending in C2.
As the documentation states, you can actually view the stages by typing:
git ls-files -u
Git Baby is a git and github fan, let's start git clone. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:History of New South Wales from the records, Volume 2.djvu/332
2S2 BELiaiOUS UTBTEXTCTIOK ^'^^ assistant (the Bey. Sambel Marsden)^ in which his atten- tion had been drawn to the imp{»rtance--^in a settlement like New South Wales— of the clerical station and character being treated with respect. Grose was careful to declare AnxioQs that BO far as he was concerned it had been his wish to make to maKo ooSortobie. ^^® clergyman as comfortable as possible. If Johnson's letters can be relied npon^ he was singularly nnsnccessfnl. The Chaplain had other grounds for dissatisfaction. After referring to his quarrel with Grose, he complained that the treatment he had afterwards met with was " very uncivil and severe/' He described the incivility and severily at Jghnwn'* some length.* The chief complaint was that, while the oompWnt civil and military officers were allowed ten or more convict labourers to help them to cultivate their ground, he could only obtain the services of two. He was therefore obliged to pay men at the rate ef forty shillings per week, aad his com was " exposed to perpetual depredsitions for want of proper assistance to protect it.'* It appears from Johnson's statement that Phillip shortly before he sailed for England had^ in obedience to instruct Church tions,t Set apart four hundred acres as church land, which Johnson had commenced to clear with the aid of two or three convicts. Finding that ten -convicts, were allowed to the officers as farm labourers, he applied for seven more, but could only obtain them on condition of giving up the four Convict hundred acres and takinir in lieu thereof the area allowed labourers ° johSiwn*^ to the officers — ^namely, one hundred acres* This he did in March, 1 793. In the following November all his farm labour- ers except two were taken from him without a moments notice; but no diminution was made in the number allowed to the officers. No reason is assigned for this arbitrary act on the part of Grose in substituting one hundred for four hundred acres of land. It is possible that Grose • See hiB letter to Bnndai, 8th April, 1^4.— Hiatodiml BecDadi» -ral. n, p. 201. t Historical Beoords, toL i, puet ja, p. 259. | WIKI |
Better Buy: Warner Bros. Discovery vs. Walt Disney
Warner Bros. Discovery (NASDAQ: WBD) and Walt Disney (NYSE: DIS) are two giants in the entertainment industry, both with roots dating back a century. Over the decades, the rivals have competed across several media, including movies, TV shows, and comic books -- and most recently, in streaming video-on-demand content. But looking into the future, how might the companies fare, and for investors, which is the better buy? Let's break it down.
The balance sheets
Warner Bros. Discovery's debt-to-equity (D/E) ratio at the end of the first quarter of 2023 was about 1.1. That might put the company a little outside the comfort zone for some investors, but it's an improvement on its March 2022 D/E multiple of 1.2.
Warner Bros. has made tackling debt a big part of its mission, with CEO David Zaslav implementing a restructuring last year that seeks to cut costs by as much as $3.5 billion. Despite this, the company is still in the red by almost $50 billion, and Zaslav has offered C-suite bonuses to executives who might be able to help lighten the debt load.
By contrast, Walt Disney's D/E ratio was around 0.5 in late March 2023, a sign of its relatively healthy fiscal state. But that doesn't tell the whole story, particularly with the performance of its streaming unit.
The state of streaming
In its second quarter, Walt Disney reported a $700 million loss for its streaming division as Disney+ shed 4 million global subscribers -- the company's second quarterly loss in a row. Despite the struggles, Disney CEO Bob Iger believes streaming will turn the corner in 2024, especially as advertising becomes a bigger part of the company's direct-to-consumer play.
"Over 40% of our domestic advertising portfolio is addressable, including streaming," Iger said during Walt Disney's second-quarterearnings call "We've added more than 1,000 advertisers over the past year, and now have 5,000 advertisers across our streaming platforms, with over a third buying advertising programmatically today."
Warner Bros. Discovery also sees opportunities in the streaming ad space, particularly with free ad-supported TV (FAST) content. Earlier this year, the company signed partnerships with Roku and Fox's Tubi, licensing some of its content library for streaming on their FAST platforms.
More recently, Warner Bros. has discussed the prospect of launching its own FAST offering, ostensibly called WBTV. Speaking with investors earlier this year, Zaslav said Warner Bros. Discovery has the "largest TV and motion picture library in the world," and that it could "create a Tubi or a Pluto without buying content from anybody."
Warner Bros.'s focus on FAST comes as the industry seems primed for solid growth over the coming years. According to research firm Omdia, revenue for FAST operators is projected to reach $12 billion by the end of 2027, which is triple the amount generated in 2022.
Other enterprises
Away from streaming, Walt Disney has seen notable success from its parks unit, bringing in $2.2 billion in the fiscal second quarter, up 20% year over year. In a call with investors, Iger said the company sees parks as a "key growth driver" and is expanding many of its international attractions to draw more visitors and improve capacity.
Warner Bros. Discovery's video games division has been a bright spot for the company following the release of the Harry Potter-themed Hogwarts Legacy in February 2023. The title has sold more than 15 million copies and generated over $1 billion in sales, making it one of the most popular games of the year so far.
The game is set to launch on Nintendo's Switch during the 2023 holiday season, and with more than 125 million Switch consoles sold over the years, the potential market is substantial.
The better buy
For investors weighing Warner Bros. Discovery and Walt Disney stock, there are certainly benefits and risks with both; Warner Bros.' strength in FAST and gaming are bright spots, but its debt burden is substantial.
Walt Disney seems to have good traction with its parks operation, but it has yet to make a profit from streaming. Still, the fact that the House of Mouse is not carrying the same debt woes as Warner Bros. could be the difference maker for some.
As we near the next set of earnings calls, those watching the market would do well to monitor Warner Bros. Discovery's moves in the FAST industry, while also paying attention to how Walt Disney pares streaming losses. If either company makes significant headway in the next quarter, then it could be a signal to snap up some shares.
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Tom Wilton has no position in any of the stocks mentioned. The Motley Fool has positions in and recommends Roku, Walt Disney, and Warner Bros. Discovery. The Motley Fool recommends Nintendo and recommends the following options: long January 2024 $145 calls on Walt Disney and short January 2024 $155 calls on Walt Disney. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Talk:Sorani alphabet
RFD discussion: October–December 2021
Per above by Inqilābī: "encyclopædia stuff". DAVilla 05:03, 18 October 2021 (UTC)
* Keep. AG202 (talk) 18:30, 20 October 2021 (UTC)
* Delete. Vox Sciurorum (talk) 20:13, 20 October 2021 (UTC)
* RFD-deleted. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 04:37, 4 December 2021 (UTC)
RFD discussion: October–December 2021
* See Talk:Latin alphabet. | WIKI |
Hemp seed oil and full spectrum hemp oil are two widely discussed products in the wellness industry. Many individuals seek clarity regarding their composition and whether they contain CBD. This article aims to shed light on the unique qualities of hemp seed oil and full spectrum hemp oil, their differences, and the presence of CBD. By the end, you’ll have a comprehensive understanding of these oils and their potential benefits.
Origins and Extraction
Both hemp seed oil and full spectrum hemp oil are derived from the hemp plant (Cannabis sativa).However, hemp seed oil is obtained by cold-pressing the seeds, while full spectrum hemp oil is extracted from the flowers, leaves, and stalks of the plant. CO2 extraction is the gold standard for full spectrum hemp oil production. It is important to note that full spectrum hemp oil contains various cannabinoids, including CBD, as well as trace amounts of THC, whereas hemp seed oil does not.
Composition of Hemp Seed Oil and Full Spectrum Hemp Oil
Hemp seed oil is known for its rich composition of essential fatty acids, such as omega-3 and omega-6, which are beneficial for overall health. It also contains vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, making it a valuable addition to your wellness routine.
On the other hand, full spectrum hemp oil offers a broader range of compounds. In addition to essential fatty acids, it contains cannabinoids like CBD, along with terpenes, flavonoids, and other beneficial plant compounds. This combination of compounds is often referred to as the entourage effect, where each component synergistically enhances the potential benefits.
CBD Content of Hemp Seed Oil and Full Spectrum Hemp Oil
When it comes to CBD content, it’s important to note that hemp seed oil contains negligible amounts or no CBD at all. Hemp seed oil is primarily derived from the seeds, which do not contain significant levels of cannabinoids.
In contrast, full spectrum hemp oil is rich in CBD, as it is extracted from the plant’s flowers, leaves, and stalks. Full spectrum hemp oil contains a full range of cannabinoids, including CBD, which can interact with the body’s endocannabinoid system to potentially promote balance and well-being.
Full Spectrum Hemp CBD Oil Softgel Capsules
Full Spectrum Hemp Softgels – 25 mg
$89.00
Full Spectrum Hemp Tincture – 250mg
$39.00
Full Spectrum Hemp Balm – 500mg
$59.00
The Benefits of Hemp Seed Oil and Full Spectrum Hemp Oil
Both hemp seed oil and full spectrum hemp oil offer unique benefits:
Hemp seed oil:
1. Nutritional Boost: Hemp seed oil provides essential fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals that support overall health, including heart and brain function.
In addition to providing the same nutritional content as hemp seed oil, full spectrum hemp oil also has:
1. CBD Potential: Full spectrum hemp oil harnesses the potential benefits of CBD, which may include overall relaxation, reduced stress, and improved sleep.
2. Entourage Effect: The combination of cannabinoids, terpenes, and other plant compounds in full spectrum hemp oil may enhance the effects of CBD, creating a synergistic impact on the body.
Hemp seed oil and full spectrum hemp oil are distinct products with varying compositions and potential benefits. Hemp seed oil does not contain CBD, but it offers nutritional advantages. Full spectrum hemp oil, on the other hand, contains CBD and other beneficial compounds, potentially delivering a broader range of effects. By understanding their differences, you can make informed choices when incorporating these oils into your wellness routine.
Legal Disclaimer
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. Statements regarding dietary supplements have not been evaluated by the FDA and are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease or health condition.
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Résumé : Dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2), a reduced NAD phosphate:O2 oxidoreductase flavoprotein, is a component of the thyrocyte H2O2 generator required for hormone synthesis at the apical plasma membrane. We recently identified a specific DUOX2 maturation factor (DUOXA2) that is necessary and sufficient for expression of functional DUOX2 in mammalian cell lines. We have now used a DUOXA2 reconstituted system to provide the first characterization of natural DUOX2 missense variants (Q36H, R376W, D506N) at the molecular level, analyzing their impact on H2O2 generation, trafficking, stability, folding, and DUOXA2 interaction. The Q36H and R376W mutations completely prevent routing of DUOX2 to the cell surface. The mutant proteins are predominantly present as core N-glycosylated, thiol-reduced folding intermediates, which are retained by the quality control system within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as indicated by increased complexation with the lectin calnexin. D506N displays a partial deficiency phenotype with reduced surface expression of a mutant protein with normal intrinsic activity in generating H2O2. D506N N-glycan moieties are not subject to normal modification in the Golgi apparatus, suggesting that nonnative protein can escape the quality control in the ER. Oxidative folding of DUOX2 in the ER appears to be the rate-limiting step in the maturation of DUOX2, but is not facilitated by DUOXA2. Rather, DUOXA2 allows rapid ER exit of folded DUOX2 or enhanced degradation of mutant DUOX2 proteins not competent for ER exit. DUOXA2 may thus be part of a secondary quality control system specific for DUOX2. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Shamanistic remnants in Hungarian folklore
Hungarian shamanism is discovered through comparative methods in ethnology, designed to analyse and search ethnographic data of Hungarian folktales, songs, language, comparative cultures, and historical sources.
Research
Studies of files of witch trials reveal that some features of Hungarian folklore are remnants of shamanistic beliefs, maintained from the deep past, or possibly borrowed from Turkic peoples with whom Hungarians lived before wandering to the Pannonian Basin; or maybe is an effect of Eastern influence thereafter (Cuman immigration).
These remnants are partly conserved as fragments by some features of customs and beliefs, for example
* refrains of certain folksongs accompanying some customs;
* certain motifs of folktales, e.g. sky-reaching tree, which was a specific belief among several central Eurasian peoples, having some resemblances to the world tree concept, but it was also related to the shaman's tree and had some other peculiarities as well.
Characteristics
There were also people who filled similar roles to those performed by shamans among other peoples: fortune-telling, weather magic, finding lost objects. These people are related to shamanism (in contrast to the cunning folk of non-shamanistic cultures), because the former are recorded to go through similar experiences to those of many shamans: being born with physical anomalies such as a surplus amount of bones or teeth, illness, dismemberment by a mythological being and recovering with greater or increased capabilities, or struggle with other shamans or beings.
Related features can be recognized in several examples of shamanism in Siberia. As the Hungarian language belongs to the Uralic family, we can expect to find them among other peoples who speak Uralic languages. Some of them maintained shamanism until modern times; the isolated location of Nganasan people made it possible that shamanism was a living phenomenon among them even at the beginning of 20th century. The last notable Nganasan shaman's seances were recorded on film in the 1970s.
The original location of the Proto-Uralic peoples (and its extent) is debated. The combined results of several sciences suggest that this area was north of Central Ural Mountains and on lower and middle parts of the Ob River. This approach combined ecological, namely phytogeographical and paleobotanic (including palynological ) data together with linguistic (phytonymic and comparative) considerations: the distribution of various tree species in Siberia and Eastern Europe (changing over time) was matched against the distribution of the respective tree-names in various Uralic languages (filtered with comparative methods, so that only names of Proto-Uralic relevance be taken into account).
Artifacts
Some artifacts, see online available pictures and descriptions:
* Sky-reaching tree standing on a hill, with a celestial body top left, and cattle on both lower and upper levels. Aso, Diószegi Vilmos identified a shamanic ladder on the image. Decoration of a horn saltcellar, collected in Biharnagybajom village of Hajdú-Bihar county. The figure about the artifact (together with other related ones) is drawn by Szűcs Sándor ethnographer. See online.
* Combat of two táltos people (both in the guise of bulls). Decoration on corn saltcellar, collected in Sárrét. The artifact is drawn by ethnographer Szűcs Sándor. See online. Another image depicts táltos people fighting as black and white bulls, one of them helped by a man. Drawn by Dudás Juló, Galgamácsa. Not online.
Soul dualism
Soul dualism can be observed in several cultures in many variations: people are believed to have more than one soul. Examples can be found in several north Eurasian cultures and in some Inuit groups as well as Hungarians. Some of the many examples distinguish two souls: a body soul for maintaining bodily functions, and a free soul which can leave the body (even during life), with great variations on this theme among cultures.
In some cultures, it may be related to shamanic concepts. In shamanistic beliefs of some Inuit groups, the shaman's "spirit journey", with his helping spirits, to remote places is explained with such soul concepts. It is the shaman's free soul that leaves his body. According to an explanation, this temporal absence of the shaman's free soul is tracked by a substitute: the shaman's body is guarded by one of his/her helping spirits during the spirit journey, also a legend contains this motif while describing a spirit journey undertaken by the shaman's free soul and his helping spirits.
As mentioned, it was also observed among Hungarians. The body soul, lélek was related to breathing (shown by etymology). The shadow soul called íz was related to the roaming soul of the dead. Its feared nature can be seen, as it features also in curse expressions: “Vigyen el az íz!” (= “the shadow soul take you!”). This curse is unknown for most people nowadays, and word "íz" (in this meaning) is also unknown, or felt as an archaism with forgotten meaning. | WIKI |
Elwin Schlebrowski
Elwin Schlebrowski (31 August 1925 – 8 February 2000) was a German international footballer who played as a midfielder for Borussia Dortmund. | WIKI |
Talk:Barrage (disambiguation)
Split
This disambig page could be split into barrage (weir), barrage (military) and barrage (game). I'm especially uncertain about the definition I've given for the second one. --ScottDavis 05:48, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)
I added the band to the list... I saw them perform at California Adventure, and found them on Launch, but I don't know enough to write the article myself.--Vercalos 15:23, 14 April 2006 (UTC)
Structure
The Structure of this page isn't very user friendly, I recommend setting it out similiar to the following;
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki_(disambiguation)
Many disambiguation articles are set out like this due to the much more simple use of it. Clarkey4boro (talk) 21:56, 21 November 2008 (UTC) | WIKI |
John Newte
John Newte (1656–1716) was a high Anglican clergyman best remembered as the defender of the lawfulness of church music.
Background
John Newte was born at Ottery St Mary on 15 January 1656, the son of Richard Newte (1613-1678) Rector of Tidcombe and Clare. John was the grandson of Henry Newte The Elder who had been the first Town Clerk of Tiverton after that town's incorporation in 1615 (Henry was succeeded in this office by his son Henry Newte The Younger). He was educated at Blundell's School, and Balliol College, Oxford, where he later obtained a fellowship. He became Rector of Tidcombe and Pitt Portions, Tiverton. After Oxford he was appointed Chaplain to Lord Digby, then after the Restoration Chaplain to Lord de la Warr. He was appointed Chaplain to Charles II although he appears not to have served owing to his suffering gout and his residence being distant from the royal court. Newte championed many charitable causes: giving money for the building of St Georges Chapel, Tiverton; raising monies for the installation of an organ in St Peter's Church, Tiverton; and, leaving land to Balliol College to found an exhibition for a Blundell’s scholar in addition to having founded schools for the poor in Cove and Cullompton, Devon.
The National Portrait Gallery in London holds a line engraving of Newte by Michael Van der Gucht (after Thomas Forster).
Publications
* Mr. Newte's sermon concerning the lawfulness and use of organs in the Christian church Printed by Freeman Collins, 1696
* The lawfulness and use of organs in the Christian Church. Asserted in a sermon preach'd at Tiverton ... upon the 13th of September, 1696. ... By John Newte, ..., printed by Freeman Collins, and sold by William Rogers; and Humphry Burton bookseller in Tiverton, 1701
* Roger Chamberline, Francis Plympton, Gent. appellants. John Newte, clerk. Respondent. The respondents case, Case heard before the House of Lords 1707
* A discourse shewing the duty of honouring the Lord with our substance, Printed by F.C. for W. Rogers [etc.], 1711
* A discourse shewing the duty of honouring the Lord with our substance, together with the impiety of tithe stealing, printed by F. C. for William Rogers, Richard Wilkin, and Benjamin Tooke, 1711 | WIKI |
User:Drekkas6/sandbox
Genysis is a Montreal based videography and photography company, founded in 2018. Genysis takes its name from the Book of Genesis with implications that they create from the vision and dreams of their clients. Photographers, videographers, graphic designers, and creative directors are at the helm of every couple's special day ensuring that every aspect of the event is captured and crafted to perfection. | WIKI |
Clear DNS cache
17th September, 2017 - 1 min. read - in Tutorials - Go to Index
[Hold on] I've made a tool to help people building presentations the modern way.
If you are curious, here the starting point. [/Hold on]
This might be a newbie tip.
If you need to reach a website, by means of a domain name, and that domain has changed (or you modified) its DNS settings recently, you might be in trouble to reach that website with your browser.
This is because your computer is caching the DNS information, therefore, the browser is, most likely, trying to contact the wrong server.
The DNS is a server that converts the domain name you want to visit with an IP (Internet Protocol) which is a number, like a telephone number.
To fix that situation, you need to clear the DNS computer cache.
There is this thorough article that outlines precisely how to clear DNS cache of your computer, no matter the system you’re running with.
In my case, OS X 10.10.x, I had to run this command from the terminal:
sudo dscacheutil -flushcache
Now I’m able to reach the right server again.
Spotted a typo or (likely) a grammar error? Send a pull request. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Cell disruption by nitrogen decompression
Untitled
My name is Dale Martin. I am webmaster at Parr Instrument Company in Moline, IL and I was authorized to cut & paste the copy of the Cell Disruption page of our website to the Wikipedia by Steve Ciucci our COO. We are owners of the text and permit this use. Dale Martin
NPOV
I have tried to turn the text into something more encyclopedia-like by removing claims and words like "excellently" etc. I still wonder whether it would suffice to integrate some of the information here into Cell_disruption and delete this article.--Biologos 11:03, 20 June 2007 (UTC) | WIKI |
How important is the timing belt of the car
timingbelt
There is a great difference between driving a car and knowing how to take care of it. Whether it is a matter of necessity or just pleasure, almost every one of us owns a car today. Even with their large presence in our lives, cars and their structure are still a mystery to most of us. We are not talking about horsepower, type of tires or different colors, but the actual structure of the car engine and different roles of its parts. Given this situation, it wouldn’t hurt if we discuss in detail some parts of a car and how they work. Hence, we have chosen to describe what the timing belt serves for in a car and when should we do timing belt replacement.
A timing belt is a rubber band or in some cases chain that is used to coordinate the work of crankshafts and camshafts in your car’s engine. Think of the timing belt as a part without which your car would work as a disoriented orchestra and which, if not in good condition, can cause a major damage to the engine. Yet, the role of timing belts has changed over time. In older car engines timing belts had only the synchronization role between crankshafts and camshafts, but today are used for other purposes like driving the water pump and shifting gears. This goes to show just how important this simple rubber band is in a internal combustion engine.
But when is the right time for timing belt replacement and how seriously should car owners address this problem? Studies show that 60,000 miles driven is when you should start worrying about timing belt cost and replacement. This job is best left to professionals due to warranty issues and the fact that you do need experience in repairing internal combustion engines to get things right. Also, reaching the timing belt in your engine means replacing other peripheral parts that are interconnected. So you really need to know the whole structure of a car engine – not something an average driver knows.
However, manufacturers do publish a timing belt replacement guide for all their cool car models as a way of improving customer service and providing detail information to their loyal customers. These guides are rich in important information on how to perform timing belt replacement but in the end, it is best to leave these tasks to professionals who do this for a living. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
skip to main content
Title: The Role of Carbon Content: A Comparison of the Nickel Particle Size and Magnetic Property of Nickel/Polysiloxane‐Derived Silicon Oxycarbide
more » « less
Award ID(s):
1751455
NSF-PAR ID:
10392815
Author(s) / Creator(s):
; ; ; ;
Publisher / Repository:
Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)
Date Published:
Journal Name:
Advanced Engineering Materials
Volume:
25
Issue:
9
ISSN:
1438-1656
Format(s):
Medium: X
Sponsoring Org:
National Science Foundation
More Like this
1. Abstract
In this study, novel ferromagnetic Ni‐containing silicon oxycarbide (SiOC–Ni) was successfully fabricated from a base polysiloxane (PSO) with the addition of nickel 2,4‐pentanedionate. The resultant SiOC–Ni nanocomposite consists of in situ formed Ni nanocrystallites with a small amount of NiO uniformly dispersed in the amorphous SiOC matrix, and the corresponding nanocrystallite size increases with the increase of the pyrolysis temperature. The formation of nickel silicides (NixSiy) is completely suppressed by the effect of water vapor during the pyrolysis. The fundamental phase evolution process and mechanisms are explained. In an argon atmosphere, the SiOC–Ni materials pyrolyzed at 900°C are stable up to 1000°C with less than 6 wt% weight loss; they exhibit desirable electrical conductivity up to ~900°C with the highest electrical conductivity at ~247 S/m. This series of SiOC–Ni materials also demonstrates exciting ferromagnetic behaviors. Their new semiconducting behavior with soft ferromagnetism presents promising application potentials for magnetic sensors, transformers, actuators, etc.
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2. Abstract
In this study, silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) is selected as the base polymer to derive a SiOC ceramic (PDC) matrix, and four transition metals M (M = Ni, Mo, Co, and Zr) are individually introduced into the SiOC base to form various SiOC/M systems. SiOC‐Ni, SiOC‐MoCx, and SiOC‐CoSixare obtained by pyrolysis at 1100°C, whereas SiOC‐ZrOxforms upon pyrolysis at 1400°C. The selected SiOC/M systems encompass four different types of phase separation pathways—pure metal, metal carbide, metal silicide, and metal oxide (SiC‐SiO2‐C‐Ni, SiC‐SiO2‐C‐MoCx, SiC‐SiO2‐C‐CoSix, and SiC‐SiO2‐C‐ZrOx). The driving force for crystallization has been analyzed using a Gibbs free energy minimization method and phase fractions of these different PDC systems are calculated based on the lever rule. This work also reveals the energetics related to the quaternary systems and provides guidance to synthesizing metal‐containing PDCs with desired phase contents. In addition, we have examined the broad applicability of the phase content prediction method for a variety of other SiOC/M systems.
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3. Abstract
Transition metal chalcogenide nanoparticles (NPs) are of interest for energy applications, including batteries, supercapacitors, and electrocatalysis. Many methods have been established for synthesizing Ni NPs, and conversion chemistry to form Ni oxide and phosphides from template Ni NPs is well‐understood. Sulfidation and selenidation of Ni NPs have been much less explored, however. We report a method for the conversion of Ni template NPs into sulfide and selenide product NPs using elemental sulfur, 1‐hexadecanthiol, thiourea, trioctylphosphine sulfide, elemental selenium, and selenourea. While maintaining mole ratios of 2 mmol sulfur/selenium precursor: mmol Ni, products with phases of Ni3S2, Ni9S8, NiS, NiSO4·6H2O, Ni3S4, Ni3Se2, and NiSe have been obtained. The products have voids that form through the Kirkendall effect during interdiffusion. Trends relating the chemical properties of the precursors to the phases of the products have been identified. While some precursors contained phosphorus, there was no significant incorporation of phosphorus in any of the products. An increase of the NP size during sulfidation and selenidation is consistent with ripening. The application of Ni sulfide and selenide NPs as electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction is also demonstrated.
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4. Abstract
Although processing via external stimuli is a promising technique to tune the structure and properties of polymeric materials, the impact of magnetic fields on phase transitions in thermoresponsive polymer solutions is not well‐understood. As nanoparticle (NP) addition is also known to impact these thermodynamic and optical properties, synergistic effects from combining magnetic fields with NP incorporation provide a novel route for tuning material properties. Here, the thermodynamic, optical, and rheological properties of aqueous poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) solutions are examined in the presence of hydrophilic silica NPs and magnetic fields, individually and jointly, via Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), magneto‐turbidimetry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and magneto‐rheology. While NPs and magnetic fields both reduce the phase separation energy barrier and lower optical transition temperatures by altering hydrogen bonding (H‐bonding), infrared spectra demonstrate that the mechanism by which these changes occur is distinct. Magnetic fields primarily alter solvent polarization while NPs provide PNIPAM–NP H‐bonding sites. Combining NP addition with field application uniquely alters the solution environment and results in field‐dependent rheological behavior that is unseen in polymer‐only solutions. These investigations provide fundamental understanding on the interplay of magnetic fields and NP addition on PNIPAM thermoresponsivity which can be harnessed for increasingly complex stimuli‐responsive materials.
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5. The influence of oleylamine (OLA) concentration on the crystallography, morphology, surface chemistry, chemical bonding, and magnetic properties of solvothermal synthesized CoFe2O4 (CFO) nanoparticles (NPs) has been thoroughly investigated. Varying OLA concentration (0.01–0.1 M) resulted in the formation of cubic spinel-structured CoFe2O4 NPs in the size-range of 20–14 (±1) nm. The Fourier transform spectroscopic analyses performed confirmed the OLA binding to the CFO NPs. The thermogravimetric measurements revealed monolayer and multilayer coating of OLA on CFO NPs, which were further supported by the small-angle X-ray scattering measurements. The magnetic measurements indicated that the maximum saturation (MS) and remanent (Mr) magnetization decreased with increasing OLA concentration. The ratio of maximum dipolar field (Hdip), coercivity (HC), and exchanged bias field (Hex) (at 10 K) to the average crystallite size (Dxrd), i.e., (Hdip/Dxrd), (HC/Dxrd), and (Hex/Dxrd), increased linearly with OLA concentration, indicating that OLA concurrently controls the particle size and interparticle interaction among the CFO NPs. The results and analyses demonstrate that the OLA-mediated synthesis allowed for modification of the structural and magnetic properties of CFO NPs, which could readily find potential application in electronics and biomedicine.
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Talk:old money
Generalisation
It seems to me that definition 3 is just one example of how the essence of definition 2 has expanded to cover other things besides actual currency. It seems to me the term can be used to refer to any measurement/grading system that may be considered old-fashioned, for instance the Fahrenheit temperature scale, or the ECF grading system used until 2020. I've a feeling I've seen the latter in actual use.
The Collins definition (albeit as "in old money") is "according to the old system". While the usage examples just below the definition are both of the imperial system of units, the quotations imply that the phrase has an even broader meaning. — Smjg (talk) 09:31, 23 May 2023 (UTC) | WIKI |
How CBD Can Complement a Keto Lifestyle?
In the realm of health and wellness, certain pairings seem to defy the odds. Think strawberries and spinach in a salad—seemingly incongruent, yet delicious and nutritious. Enter CBD and keto, a symbiosis poised to redefine our approach to well-being. For the fitness-forward, wellness seekers, and health-conscious individuals, the intrigue lies in how CBD—long the darling of holistic health—plays a role in the increasingly popular keto lifestyle.
Is CBD a good companion for the keto diet? In this exploration, we will unveil the harmonious relationship between CBD and the keto diet. Together, they offer a dynamic approach to achieving holistic health, weight management, enhanced fitness performance, and overall wellness.
Understanding CBD and its Benefits
To grasp the potential synergy between CBD and the ketogenic diet, it’s first crucial to understand what CBD is and why it’s garnering attention.
What is CBD?
Cannabidiol, or CBD, is a natural compound found in the Cannabis sativa plant. Unlike its counterpart, THC, CBD is non-psychoactive, leading to a surge in its use and research within various health and wellness contexts.
CBD’s Health Superpowers
The list of potential health benefits attributed to CBD continues to grow. Studies suggest it may reduce anxiety, alleviate pain, support sleep, and even have neuroprotective properties. The key to CBD’s versatility lies in its interaction with the endocannabinoid system, a network of receptors that helps regulate a variety of processes, including pain, mood, and appetite.
The Basics of Keto Lifestyle
The ketogenic, or “keto,” diet is a high-fat, low-carbohydrate eating plan that has been praised for its potential to promote weight loss and improve certain health conditions.
The Science Behind Keto
When you drastically cut carbs and fuel your body with fats, you induce a state of ketosis. During ketosis, your body becomes incredibly efficient at burning fat for energy—a mechanism that can lead to weight loss, stabilized blood sugar levels, and satiety.
Keto’s Health Perks
In addition to weight management, research suggests that the keto diet may have other health benefits. For instance, it could improve heart health markers, reduce the frequency of seizures in epilepsy, and potentially offer neuroprotective effects.
CBD and Keto: A Perfect Match
The seemingly disparate advantages of CBD and the keto diet begin to align when considering their shared focus on holistic health.
Harmonizing Holistic Health
The anti-inflammatory properties associated with both CBD and the ketogenic diet provide a solid foundation for the pursuit of holistic health. By reducing systemic inflammation, these allies in wellness may offer protection against chronic diseases and support overall well-being.
Breaking the Brain Fog Myth
Can CBD cause brain fog? Contrary to popular belief, when sourced responsibly, CBD does not cause brain fog. In fact, by potentially reducing neuroinflammation, CBD could enhance cognitive function, making it a valuable asset to a clear-headed keto lifestyle.
CBD and Exercise Performance
For the active community, CBD and keto hold the promise of enhanced fitness performance and recovery.
Speeding Recovery With CBD
CBD’s possible anti-inflammatory effects are of particular interest to athletes. When taken post-exercise, CBD may aid in reducing muscle soreness and improve recovery time, allowing for more consistent and effective training regimes.
Fueling Peak Performance
CBD may also play a role in pre-workout routines. By potentially reducing anxiety and promoting relaxation without sedation, it can help athletes to approach their workouts with a calm, focused mindset.
Incorporating CBD into a Keto Diet
Practical advice on seamlessly integrating CBD into the keto lifestyle is vital for those looking to harness the duo’s collective potential.
Blending CBD with Keto-Friendly Nutrition
For those looking to fuse the health benefits of CBD and the keto diet, the key lies in planning and preparation. Creating CBD-infused oils and adding them to keto-friendly dishes and snacks can be a delicious strategy to reap the combined benefits.
The Pillars of Good CBD Use in Keto
Partnering with trusted CBD providers and being mindful of sourcing are paramount in a successful CBD-keto fusion. Opting for high-quality, lab-tested CBD products ensures that you’re getting the best in your efforts to achieve wellness.
Success Stories and Case Studies
Real-life anecdotes can be powerful validators of the efficacy of CBD in a keto lifestyle. Personal success stories highlight the diverse avenues through which CBD and keto might impact health in profound ways.
Spotlight on Transformative Journeys
By sharing the experiences of those who have embraced CBD as part of their keto experience, we showcase the tangible benefits that this regimen can offer. From weight loss and enhanced mental clarity to improved athletic performance, the possibilities are inspiring and varied.
Potential Challenges and How to Overcome Them
Navigating the nuances and possible misconceptions around CBD and the ketogenic diet is a critical part of the conversation.
Addressing Common Concerns
Ensuring an educated approach to the use of CBD is essential in debunking misconceptions. By having informed discussions on dosage, administration, and product quality, we empower individuals to incorporate CBD into their keto lifestyle confidently.
The Path to a Seamless Integration
For those seeking to harmonize CBD with their keto lifestyle, the learning curve may present a challenge. Yet, by considering the shared roots and potential health trajectories of both elements, a smooth integration can be achieved through small, calculated steps.
Pairing CBD with the keto diet opens up a world of possibilities for those looking to enhance their health and wellness strategies. While ongoing research will continue to shed light on the interplay between these two approaches, early indications are encouraging. By understanding and leveraging the individual strengths of CBD and keto, individuals can explore a balanced and integrated pathway towards their health goals.
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Don't Wanna Think About You
"Don't Wanna Think About You" is a song by Canadian rock band Simple Plan. It appeared on the soundtrack to the film Scooby-Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed, serving as the film's theme song. The song was released to iTunes through Warner Bros. Records and to radio on March 2, 2004 in promotion of the film.
Track listing
* Digital download
* "Don't Wanna Think About You" (from Scooby-Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed) – 3:26
Music video
The music video for "Don't Wanna Think About You" was directed by Smith n' Borin and premiered February 27, 2004. An edited version was made available for purchase on iTunes on January 11, 2006. The video is also included in the special features on the DVD for Scooby Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed.
The story for the video revolves around the band members racing through the city trying to reach the premiere of Scooby Doo 2 on time. To give their trek a sense of urgency, the video uses the on-screen digital clock concept of the show 24, although compressed for the duration of the song. The Mystery Machine and the cast of the film are featured briefly as the band arrives at the theatre.
Two versions of the music video exist: One version of the video shows that the time frame of the video is 5:00 pm to 6:00 pm. Another version formerly embedded on Bouvier's official Myspace page has the time frame of the video as 4:00 pm to 5:00 pm, and used official sounds from the 24 TV series, including Kiefer Sutherland's announcement of which hours of the day the events take place in-between. | WIKI |
Toby Bedford
Toby Bedford (born 27 May 2000) is an Australian rules footballer playing for the Greater Western Sydney Giants in the Australian Football League (AFL), having initially been drafted to in the 2018 AFL draft. A small forward, he made his AFL debut in the opening round of the 2020 season.
Junior career
During his junior career, Bedford played for the Dandenong Stingrays in the TAC Cup and was part of Melbourne's Next Generation Academy, which allowed Melbourne to match any other club's bid on Bedford during a draft. He also represented Vic Country at the 2018 AFL Under 18 Championships. He also played for his school side Melbourne Grammar School in the APS competition. Bedford's strong performance in a TAC Cup preliminary final victory over the Sandringham Dragons, in which he amassed three goals, six tackles and 13 disposals, was highlighted by Fox Sports and ESPN. His speed and tackling were noted as strengths; ESPN likened his play to West Coast defender Lewis Jetta. Bedford was expected to attract a second-round bid in the upcoming 2018 AFL draft.
AFL career
Bedford was drafted by Melbourne as an academy selection with pick 75 in the 2018 draft. He spent his first year at the club playing for Casey, Melbourne's Victorian Football League (VFL) affiliate; he played 21 matches in 2019. He made his AFL debut in the opening round of the 2020 season.
Bedford was traded to at the conclusion of the 2022 AFL season.
Statistics
Updated to the end of the 2023 season.
! colspan=3 | Career ! 37 !! 21 !! 20 !! 144 !! 187 !! 331 !! 60 !! 122 !! 0.6 !! 0.5 !! 3.9 !! 5.0 !! 8.9 !! 1.6 !! 3.3
* - style="background:#eaeaea;"
* 2020 || || 12
* 2 || 0 || 1 || 6 || 10 || 16 || 3 || 4 || 0.0 || 0.5 || 3.0 || 5.0 || 8.0 || 1.5 || 2.0
* - style="background:#eaeaea;"
* 2021 || || 12
* 0 || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || –
* - style="background:#eaeaea;"
* 2022# || || 12
* 16 || 9 || 3 || 33 || 32 || 65 || 13 || 21 || 0.6 || 0.2 || 2.1 || 2.0 || 4.1 || 0.8 || 1.3
* - style="background:#eaeaea;"
* 2023 || || 14
* 19 || 12 || 16 || 105 || 145 || 250 || 44 || 97 || 0.6 || 0.8 || 5.5 || 7.6 || 13.1 || 2.3 || 5.1
* - class=sortbottom
* }
Notes
Personal life
An Indigenous Australian, Bedford is a cousin of Melbourne footballer Krstel Petrevski, who plays in the AFL Women's. | WIKI |
Talk:Howard Lederer
"needler"
"Also, at the World Poker Tour Grand Prix de Paris 2003, Lederer refused to shake hands with notorious needler Tony Guoga when eliminated from the tournament." - what's a needler? --Dijxtra 16:48, 2 September 2006 (UTC)
* To "needle" is to tease or berate or criticize opponents. A "needler" is someone who does that. 2005 21:15, 2 September 2006 (UTC)
Lawsuit
Lederer, and a few other players, (I can't recall all their names right now) recently filed suit against the WPT. Details are a bit vague so should this be added? If so, how? —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs)
* Just link to Sherman Act Lawsuit. Essexmutant 07:39, 6 September 2006 (UTC)
WSOP Bracelets
Most professional poker players have a little table showing their World Series of Poker bracelets (what/when they won). I'd like to see one for Lederer. I can't do it myself as I have no idea what bracelets he holds. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 11:09, 8 February 2007 (UTC).
if you say so?? —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 14:16, 5 November 2008 (UTC)
Chess talent?
I would suggest taking off the chess talent mentioning since Lederer was never chess talent. It's true that he dreamed about becoming chess professional but he was never even near the FIDE master (2300) or even Candidate master (2200) strength. Lederer's current USCF rating is 1951 which is "first class" player strength - far from being chess talent. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:46, 21 October 2007 (UTC)
Duke
@in 2002, Lederer publicly criticized Daniel Negreanu for making inappropriate comments about Duke@ -- who's Duke?? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:42, 21 October 2008 (UTC)
* See first sentence of article, his sister. 2005 (talk) 20:53, 21 October 2008 (UTC)
Jewish?
user:AndyBloch told me on his talk page that Lederer's mother is Jewish. In my view this makes Lederer also Jewish, the same way that it makes any 50% African American/50% caucasian person African-American. I'm open to other people's input on how Wikipedia handles such classifications but in my view this makes him Jewish by birth DegenFarang (talk) 07:48, 20 January 2009 (UTC)
* I would tend to agree. Lederer is also a Jewish name, so he is definitely halachically Jewish (even though I believe he is a practicing Buddhist and an atheist). —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:28, 7 July 2010 (UTC)
* I removed this category. --Malerooster (talk) 19:47, 28 June 2013 (UTC)
* Just to clarify, I said Lederer's father was born Jewish, not his mother, so he is not "halachically" Jewish. I don't think he'd characterize himself as a "practicing Buddhist" either. AndyBloch 11:33, 28 July 2013 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by AndyBloch (talk • contribs)
Any valid reason to remove this category? While he might not be Jewish by most definitions he does have Jewish ancestry, which was the category you removed. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 04:58, 18 August 2013 (UTC)
Not a Pro Poker Player
This guy's net worth is well over 100 million and less than 4 million of that came from playing poker.
He's probably the biggest shareholder and one of the founders of Full Tilt Poker, a multi-billion dollar internet poker company.
Something should be done to correct this. He's not a pro poker player. He barely plays at all, and when he does it's just to get TV time. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Aa45955 (talk • contribs) 04:19, 8 June 2009 (UTC)
Criminals
Is there a WikiProject Criminal this page could be tagged with? — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 01:20, 21 September 2011 (UTC)
New draft for this article
Hello to anyone reading this, I have been working on a new draft for this article and I'm hoping to find editors to review it. Before I discuss the draft, I'd like to explain that I have a conflict of interest with the subject of this article, as I am working on behalf of Proof Integrated Communications, which has been building a new website for Lederer's sister, Annie Duke. The company were hoping to link to this article from the website but had some concerns about accuracy of information included, particularly around his personal life and involvement with Full Tilt Poker. (In the interest of full disclosure, I should note that User:WWB Too, with whom I work, has previously written a new draft for Annie's article that was reviewed by editors earlier this year.)
Due to my COI, I will not edit this article, but I have prepared a draft to address the issues that I see. The draft is in my user space here: User:16912_Rhiannon/Howard_Lederer.
Though this current article is fairly well developed, there are some weak spots and inaccuracies that I've addressed in my draft. Here are the major changes between my draft and the current article:
* I've revised the introduction to this article as there is too much focus on the Full Tilt Poker lawsuit. Currently, two of the introduction's three sentences address Full Tilt Poker and no information is given on other aspects of his career. I believe that Full Tilt should be mentioned but there should be more balance with information about his poker career, which is he is most well known for.
* I combined the Early life and Personal life sections to create a new Early life and family section.
* For the Career section, I've introduced subheadings to group different phases of Howard's career and updated information where needed.
* The section on Full Tilt Poker in the current article is out-of-date and needed expanding to properly explain the sequence of events. I've expanded and updated this section, and changed its name as I believe that the use of the word "scandal" in the section heading Full Tilt Poker scandal is in violation of WP:LABEL and should be changed to the more neutral and inclusive Tiltware LLC and Full Tilt Poker, under which there is a sub heading for U.S. Department of Justice lawsuit.
* I have added a section titled Charitable activities for the information on Howard's charity poker events which is currently covered in the Personal life section.
Other minor changes include:
* Updating Howard's year of birth to 1963. (The current article lists both 1963 and 1964, 1963 is the correct year.)
* Updating Howard's nickname from "the Poker Professor" to the more commonly used "The Professor".
* Updating Howard's tournament winnings, since the current 2010 figures in the article are out of date.
* Removing unsupported and trivial information about the nickname "Bubba" from the article. This sentence currently carries a tag. I've looked for a reliable source on this nickname but haven't been able to find one. (Since I posted this message on the 20th an editor has removed this statement from the article.)
Thanks in advance for reviewing this request and my draft. Please let me know if you have any questions at all and feel free to comment here or in my user space if you have thoughts about the draft. Thanks, 16912 Rhiannon (Talk · COI) 22:10, 20 June 2013 (UTC)
* I was asked by the above editor to review his draft and it seemed pretty good, but would defer to others. Its also difficult to find balance in bios whenever there are "controversies" surrounding the subject. How much weight should be given and how to write in a neutral tone can be a challenge. I did remove the category covering Lederer's ethnic background.--Malerooster (talk) 19:46, 28 June 2013 (UTC)
* I've moved the draft version over. I looked it over and it's very well written and properly highlights and discusses the controversy. I don't see any way someone could say that it isn't neutral. Silver seren C 03:38, 12 July 2013 (UTC)
* Thank you so much Silverseren, very grateful for your review. I just noticed there's a space missing between "launched" and "Full Tilt Poker" in the intro, its no big deal, but if someone can fix that would be great. 16912 Rhiannon (Talk · COI) 13:56, 12 July 2013 (UTC)
* Fixed it. Silver seren C 18:16, 12 July 2013 (UTC)
* Thanks! Really appreciate it - sorry I missed this til now. 16912 Rhiannon (Talk · COI) 00:37, 24 July 2013 (UTC)
External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,
I have just modified 5 external links on Howard Lederer. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20131122035402/http://www.bluff.com/magazine/howard-lederer-the-professor-of-poker-10556 to http://www.bluff.com/magazine/howard-lederer-the-professor-of-poker-10556/
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140130113138/http://www.ajlmagazine.com/content/052006/poker/howardlederer.html to http://www.ajlmagazine.com/content/052006/poker/howardlederer.html
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130610034912/http://www.worldpokertour.com/Shared/Players/Bios/H/Howard_Lederer.aspx to http://www.worldpokertour.com/Shared/Players/Bios/H/Howard_Lederer.aspx
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120224022851/http://www.pokerintensity.com/news_dtls.php?news_id=469 to http://www.pokerintensity.com/news_dtls.php?news_id=469
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120805200217/http://www.justice.gov/usao/nys/pressreleases/july12/pokersettlement.html to http://www.justice.gov/usao/nys/pressreleases/July12/pokersettlement.html
Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot (Report bug) 09:56, 20 December 2017 (UTC) | WIKI |
Jayme PAYNE, Plaintiff, v. APOLLO COLLEGE-PORTLAND, INC., Defendant.
No. CIV. 03-915-AS.
United States District Court, D. Oregon.
July 26, 2004.
Kerry M. L. Smith, Smith & Fjelstad, Gresham, OR, for Plaintiff.
Sonja Leneice Henning, Lynda J. Hart-zell, Tonkon Torp LLP, Portland, OR, for Defendant.
OPINION AND ORDER
ASHMANSKAS, United States Magistrate Judge.
Plaintiff alleges claims of sexual harassment and retaliation under state and federal law against her former employer, Apollo College — Portland, Inc. Currently before the court is defendant’s motion for full or partial summary judgment (docket No. 26).
BACKGROUND
Defendant seeks summary judgment on the following issues: (1) whether plaintiff can prove a prima facie case of sexual harassment; (2) whether liability for sexual harassment can be imputed to defendant; (3) whether plaintiff can prove a prima facie case of retaliation; and (4) whether plaintiff should be allowed to pursue punitive damages. Plaintiff has agreed to dismiss her previously asserted wage claim.
SUMMARY JUDGMENT STANDARD
Rule 56 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure allows the granting of summary judgment:
if the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law.
Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(c). “[T]he requirement is that there be no genuine issue of material fact.” Anthes v. Transworld Systems, Inc., 765 F.Supp. 162, 165 (D.Del.1991) (citing Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 247-48, 106 S.Ct. 2505, 91 L.Ed.2d 202 (1986))(emphasis in original).
The movant has the initial burden of establishing that no genuine issue of material fact exists or that a material fact essential to the nonmovant’s claim is absent. Celotex v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322-24, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986). Once the movant has met its burden, the onus is on the nonmovant to establish that there is a genuine issue of material fact. Id. at 324, 106 S.Ct. 2548. In order to meet this burden, the nonmovant “may not rest upon the mere allegations or denials of [its] pleadings,” but must instead “set forth specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trial.” Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(e); see Celotex, 477 U.S. at 324, 106 S.Ct. 2548.
An issue of fact is material if, under the substantive law of the case, resolution of the factual dispute could effect the outcome of the case. Anderson, 477 U.S. at 248, 106 S.Ct. 2505. Factual disputes are genuine if they “properly can be resolved only by a finder of fact because they may reasonably be resolved in favor of either party.” Id. at 250, 106 S.Ct. 2505. On the other hand, if after the court has drawn all reasonable inferences in favor of the non-moving party, “the evidence is merely col-orable, or is not significantly probative, summary judgment may be granted.” Id. at 249-50, 106 S.Ct. 2505 (citations omitted).
PRELIMINARY MATTERS
Defendant asserts that certain evidence upon which plaintiff seeks to rely is inadmissible. Defendant moves to strike the following portions of plaintiffs affidavit on grounds of hearsay: (1) in paragraph 11 (statement by Mr. Boetel); (2) in paragraph 12 (statements by Susan Forsythe); (3) in paragraph 15 (statements by and about Darla Tverberg and Robert Cios’ alleged conversation with her); (4) in paragraph 21 (statements regarding conversations with Ms. Forsythe and her alleged state of mind); (5) in paragraph 31 (statements by Steve Nestor’s secretary).
Hearsay, an out of court statement offered to prove the truth of the matter asserted, is inadmissible. Fed.R.Evid. 801, 802. Each of the challenged portions of plaintiffs affidavit are hearsay and are not otherwise admissible under the Federal Rules of Evidence. Consequently, these portions of plaintiffs affidavit are stricken and are not part of the summary judgment record.
Defendant also asserts that certain portions of plaintiffs affidavit are inadmissible on the ground that testimony in her affidavit is inconsistent with her prior sworn testimony. The Ninth Circuit has held that an issue of fact cannot be created by an affidavit that contradicts prior deposition testimony. Foster v. Arcata Assoc., Inc., 772 F.2d 1453, 1462 (9th Cir.1985), cert. denied, 475 U.S. 1048, 106 S.Ct. 1267, 89 L.Ed.2d 576 (1986); Radobenko v. Automated Equipment Corp., 520 F.2d 540, 543-44 (9th Cir.1975). Kennedy v. Allied Mutual Ins. Co. has subsequently limited that holding:
“the Foster-Radobenko rule does not automatically dispose of every case in which a contradictory affidavit is introduced to explain portions of earlier deposition testimony. Rather, the Rado-benko court was concerned with ‘sham’ testimony that flatly contradicts earlier testimony in an attempt to ‘create’ an issue of fact and avoid summary judgment. Therefore, before applying the Radobenko sanction, the district court must make a factual determination that the contradiction was actually a ‘sham’.”
952 F.2d 262, 266-67 (9th Cir.1991).
To the extent there may be discrepancies between plaintiffs affidavit and her prior sworn testimony, the affidavit testimony does not “flatly contradict” the deposition testimony and does not appear to have been made for the purpose of creating an issue of material fact. Plaintiffs affidavit is not a sham, and the Radobenko sanction does not apply. Thus, the challenged excerpts of plaintiffs affidavit will remain part of the summary judgment record.
Plaintiff argues that defendant’s employee handbook, which contains a policy against workplace sexual harassment, is irrelevant because it was modified after the events that gave rise to plaintiffs’ claims. The handbook, however, indicates that the relevant portion, the policy against workplace harassment, was not modified after the events that gave rise to plaintiffs claims. Affidavit of Lynda J. Hartzell (“Hartzell Aff.”), Ex. 6, p. 25. Consequently, the handbook will be included in the summary judgment record.
FACTS
Plaintiff worked for defendant during two different periods. Her claim arose during her second period of employment, which was from January 2000 to April 15, 2003, when she resigned. Plaintiff worked as a front office receptionist and administrative assistant to the Campus Director. Prior to his termination, on August 7, 2002, Robert Cios was the Campus Director and plaintiffs supervisor.
On May 30 or 31, 2002, plaintiff told Cios that she needed a second job and had thought about working as a cocktail waitress. Cios responded that plaintiff should be a strip dancer because she had a nice body and men would pay to see her dance. Concise Statement of Facts in Support of Motion for Summary Judgment (“Defendant’s Facts”), ¶ 6; Plaintiffs Response to Defendant’s Concise Statement of Material Facts (“Plaintiffs Facts”), ¶ 6.
On June 3, 2002, while Cios and plaintiff were working together on a report, Cios rubbed plaintiffs thigh and said, “that feels nice.” Defendant’s Facts, ¶ 9; Plaintiffs Facts, ¶ 9. This touching lasted thirty seconds to one minute, and then plaintiff moved her leg. Defendant’s Facts, ¶ 10; Plaintiffs Facts, ¶ 10. Until this incident, plaintiff admitted that her working relationship with Cios was excellent and the work environment was professional. Defendant’s Facts, ¶ 3; Plaintiffs Facts, ¶ 3.
On June 4, 2002, plaintiffs then boyfriend, Lance Boetel, contacted Steve Nestor, President of Apollo College, Inc., to report the June 3rd touching incident. Defendant’s Facts, ¶ 14; Plaintiffs Facts, ¶ 14. On June 4, 2002, Steve Nestor assured plaintiff that he would conduct a prompt investigation of her allegations against Cios. Plaintiff assured Mr. Nestor that she could continue to perform her job and work with Cios. Defendant’s Facts, ¶ 15; Plaintiffs Facts, ¶ 15. Plaintiff did not want defendant to fire Cios over this incident. Defendant’s Facts, ¶ 13; Plaintiffs Facts, ¶ 13.
On June 5, 2002, Cindy Nestor, Secretary/Treasurer of Apollo College, Inc., contacted plaintiff to investigate the allegations. Cindy Nestor’s interview with plaintiff was taped, transcribed and sent to plaintiff to review, correct and comment. Defendant’s Facts, ¶ 16; Plaintiffs Facts, ¶ 16. In addition to the two incidents described above, in response to the question, “Has Mr. Cios ever in your presence made other comments or engaged in other behaviors that you considered to be of a sexual nature?”, plaintiff stated that Cios “would just occasionally touch my hand or if he was walking behind me, he would brush his hand up against my side, or across my back, or like every once in a while ... like a neck massage.” Hartzell Aff., Ex. 8, pp. 4-5. Plaintiff could not remember any specific dates, but stated that “it happened periodically, but I just kind of blew it off ... but ... when this last event happened, I just felt it went too far. I would never have mentioned anything if it hadn’t been for Lance calling.” Id., p. 5. When asked for details, plaintiff recounted, “a couple of months ago, we were in the lounge. I am trying to think of who was in there with us ... something happened and then Bob gave me a hug. It was Donna Wartella. She made the comment ... ‘oh is that what I have to do to get a hug.’ ” Id. Plaintiff stated that she never discussed any of these behaviors with Cios — that they “would just laugh and blow it off, so he didn’t think it bothered me, but it did.” Id.
On June 4, 2002, Steve Nestor conducted an interview with Cios, which was taped, transcribed and sent to Cios to review. Steve Nestor told Cios not to discuss the allegations or investigation with anyone, including plaintiff. Defendant’s Facts, ¶¶ 18, 19. In addition to the incidents of May 30 or 31 and June 3, 2002, Steve Nestor asked Cios if he recalled hugging plaintiff in the staff lounge or any other incidents of touching plaintiff. He did not remember hugging plaintiff or admit any other instances of touching plaintiff except, possibly grabbing her arm in passing. Hartzell Aff., Ex. 3, pp. 3-4.
On or about June 18 or 19, 2002, Cios approached plaintiff to discuss her allegations of sexual harassment and his concerns about the effects on his job and family. Defendant’s Facts, ¶ 17; Plaintiffs Facts, ¶ 17. On or about June 19, 2002, Steve Nestor learned of Cios’ breach of the confidentiality directive. Defendant’s Facts, ¶ 20. In comments to the transcript of her interview with Cindy Nestor, plaintiff reported that Cios had raised the allegations in a discussion with plaintiff. Hartzell Aff., Ex. 8, pp. 7-8. Cios was terminated on August 7, 2002, for breaching the confidentiality directive. Defendant’s Facts, ¶ 21; Plaintiffs Facts, ¶ 21. Plaintiff had been able to work with Cios between June 2, 2002, and August 7, 2002, and was upset when he was terminated. Defendant’s Facts, ¶¶ 22, 23; Plaintiffs Facts, ¶¶ 22, 23.
After Cios’ termination, on August 9, 2002, Donna Wartella, an admissions representative, was plaintiffs supervisor. Defendant’s Facts, ¶ 28; Plaintiffs Facts, ¶28. In the comments to her interview transcript, plaintiff had reported that she believed Donna Wartella knew about plaintiffs allegations against Cios. Hartzell Aff., Ex. 8, p. 8. On August 7, 2002, plaintiff expressed to'Steve Nestor her belief that Wartella knew about the allegations and her concern about how that would effect Wartella’s ability to manage the front desk staff. Declaration of Kerry M.L. Smith in Support of Plaintiffs Response to Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment (“Smith Dec.”), Ex. A, pp. 18, 41 (S. Nestor Dep., Ex. 11). Prior to Cios’ termination, however, plaintiffs relationship with Wartella was fine. Defendant’s Facts, ¶ 29; Plaintiffs Facts, ¶ 29.
There is evidence that Wartella had been compiling a list of shortcomings in plaintiffs work performance since August 5, 2002. Smith Dec., Ex. E, pp. 5, 8-9 (Wartella Dep., Ex. 9). On August 9, 2002, Cindy Nestor instructed Wartella to issue a written warning to plaintiff, which listed nine infractions, many in regard to plaintiffs attendance. Defendant’s Facts, ¶¶ 35.a, 48; Plaintiffs Facts, ¶¶ 35, 48. Wartella threatened plaintiffs job. Defendant’s Facts, ¶ 46; Plaintiffs Facts, ¶ 46. Plaintiff disagreed with the written discipline and made written comments on it that the infractions were either approved previously by Cios or were otherwise without merit. Payne Dec., Ex. 9. Plaintiff left Cindy Nester a voicemail message that she believed Wartella was retaliating against her. Cindy Nester did not return the call. Payne Dec., ¶ 24.
After plaintiff left the voicemail message for Cindy Nelson, she received a telephone call from Marge Carlson, the Chief Executive Officer of Apollo College, Inc., who verbally reprimanded plaintiff for deviating from her work schedule and allowing a supervisor to complete her time card. Payne Dec., ¶25. On August 12, 2002, Carlson issued a written confirmation of their conversation. Id, Ex. I. On that same date, Carlson issued a “written warning” to plaintiff regarding plaintiffs need to reimburse $70 in student funds for which plaintiff had issued a receipt. Id., ¶ 27, Ex. K. (Policy specified that the employee who issued the receipt was responsible if the funds became missing. Payne Dec., ¶ 27.) Plaintiff responded to both items in writing. She requested clarification on the topic of deviating from her work schedule and contested that she ever allowed a supervisor to punch her time card. Id, ¶ 26, Ex. J. She also asserted that she had previously made arrangements to repay the $70 at a later date. Id, ¶¶ 27, 28, Exs. L, M. In response, Carlson wrote plaintiff an e-mail, which stated that the warnings were “reminders of previous verbal and/or written issues that have been brought to your attention and have continued. The warnings were meant to counsel and help you. My hope is that you will remain an employee until you are eligible to retire. ...” Id., ¶ 28, Ex. N. Plaintiff printed the e-mail, wrote comments on it, contesting that she had ever previously been counseled about the subject of the warnings, and faxed it back to Carlson. Id.
Defendant’s Facts, ¶ 4; Plaintiffs Facts, ¶ 4. Plaintiff admitted that she was tardy to work, possibly as many as ten times during 2002, and that she forgot to punch the time clock periodically. Defendant’s Facts, ¶ 41; Plaintiffs Facts, ¶ 41. Plaintiff had been employee of the month in April and May 2002. Plaintiffs Facts, ¶ 51; Reply with Additional Material Facts to Plaintiffs Response to Defendant’s Concise Statement of Material Facts in Dispute (“Defendant’s Reply Facts”), ¶ 51.
Between August 12 and October 24, 2002, the Portland campus was staffed by two temporary Campus Directors, DeAnne Baker and then De Martin. Defendant’s Facts, ¶ 30; Plaintiffs Facts, ¶ 30. On or about October 24, 2002, Micaela Sieracki became the Campus Director for the Portland campus. She supervised plaintiff until plaintiff resigned on April 15, 2003, to take a job with Forrester’s Medical Billing Service as an office manager. Defendant’s Facts, ¶¶ 31, 33; Plaintiffs Facts, ¶¶ 31, 33. Payne had no problems with her employment under the supervision of Baker, Martin and Sieracki and described her relationship with each as good. Defendant’s Facts, ¶ 32; Plaintiffs Facts, ¶ 32. After DeAnne Baker became interim Campus Director, plaintiffs keys to the Director’s Office were taken away. Plaintiff could do her job without the keys but asserts that it was more difficult. Defendant’s Facts, ¶ 39; Plaintiffs Facts, ¶ 39.
On August 15, 2002, plaintiff sent an email to Cindy Nester asking her to respond to plaintiffs voicemail message of August 9, 2002, in which she complained that she believed Wartella was retaliating against her. Payne Dec., ¶ 29, Ex. O. Cindy Nester forwarded the e-mail to Steve Nester with the remark, “Looks like Jamie [sic] is setting us up again? ? ?” Smith Dec., Ex. B., pp. 16, 21 (C. Nester Dep., Ex. 4).
On August 16, 2002, Campus Director Deanna Baker delivered to plaintiff a letter from Steve Nester in response to plaintiffs concerns about Donna Wartella performing as the front desk supervisor. Payne Dec., ¶ 30, Ex. P. The letter describes Steve Nester’s investigation and conclusion that there was no evidence that Wartella knew about the allegations plaintiff made against Cios. The letter states:
“Even if Mr. Cios did discuss the situation between you and him with another employee, Mr. Cios is no longer with the company and no action may be taken against him. Again, if some employee did have knowledge of what you are alleging, you have not provided any claim of how they used the information to break any policy or law. If I am mistaken, please correct my misunderstanding.”
Id. The letter concludes, “Unless you have something to report, I would appreciate it if you could return to your duties and perform the job responsibilities that I know you are capable of performing. Again, please contact me if I may be of assistance.” Id.
On August 22, 2002, plaintiff responded to Steve Nester’s letter, listing items she considered to be retaliatory. In sum, they were: (1) Wartella’s August 9, 2002, memorandum of infractions and counseling; (2) Carlson’s written warning of August 12, 2002; (3) Cindy Nester’s failure to respond to plaintiffs voicemail message of August 9, 2002, in which plaintiff asserts she complained of retaliation; (4) comments from Steve Nester and Carlson that plaintiffs work had suffered in the wake of the sexual harassment complaint; (5) a written warning by Deanna Baker on August 20, 2002, when plaintiff came in late after being sick in the morning, though she had not been written up for similar occurrences in the past; (6) Deanna Baker’s taking plaintiffs keys to the Director’s office on August 12, 2002, while others were allowed to retain their keys; (7) references to prior warnings that had never occur; (8) receipt of three written warnings within two weeks of Cios’ termination, though she was employee of the month in April and May 2002; (9) Wartella throwing papers at her on August 19, 2002; (10) her belief that she has been retaliated against in violation of state and federal law; and (11) failure to provide her with a copy of her personnel file. Payne Dec., ¶ 31, Ex. Q.
Steve Nester responded by letter of August 22, 2002. He took issue with many of plaintiffs assertions, most significantly that she complained of retaliation on August 9, 2002. Payne Dec., ¶ 32, Ex. R.
Plaintiff also claims that her annual evaluation and associated pay raise were to have occurred in mid-July 2002. Payne Dec., ¶ 13. The record indicates that plaintiff was on vacation from July 18 until August 5, 2002. Cios was terminated on August 7, 2002. Sieracki, the permanent Campus Director, was not appointed until October 22, 2002. She submitted a partial evaluation of plaintiff on October 30, 2002, which was forwarded to Steve Nester. Payne Dec., ¶ 34. Sieracki performed a complete evaluation of plaintiff on February 20, 2003. Smith Dec., Ex. D, pp. 4, 9-12 (Sieracki Dep., Ex. 17). Subsequently, Steve Nester approved a retroactive 2% pay increase, though plaintiff previously had received pay increases at a rate of 3%. Payne Dec., ¶ 13, Ex. C. There is evidence that other employees were evaluated and received their raises more quickly than plaintiff. Smith Dec., Ex. D, pp. 6, 23-25 (Sieracki Dep., Ex. 22); pp. 4-5, 13-22 (Sieracki Dep., Ex. 21).
LEGAL STANDARDS
Sexual Harassment
Title VII prohibits employers from discriminating “against any individual with respect to ... compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment because of such individual’s ... sex .... ” 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-2(a)(l). Conduct constitutes sexual harassment if it has the purpose of effect of “unreasonably interfering with an individual’s work performance or creating and intimidating, hostile, or offensive work environment.” 29 C.F.R. § 1604.11(a)(3).
A hostile work environment exists “[w]hen the workplace is permeated with ‘discriminatory intimidation, ridicule and insult’ that is ‘sufficiently severe or pervasive to alter the conditions of the victim’s employment and create an abusive working environment.’” Harris v. Forklift Systems, Inc., 510 U.S. 17, 21, 114 S.Ct. 367, 126 L.Ed.2d 295 (1993) (quoting Meritor Sav. Bank FSB v. Vinson, 477 U.S. 57, 65, 67, 106 S.Ct. 2399, 91 L.Ed.2d 49 (1986)). “Sexual or gender-based conduct which is abusive, humiliating, or threatening violates Title VII, ... if such hostile conduct pollutes the victim’s workplace, making it more difficult for her to do her job, to take pride in her work, and to desire to stay on in her position” Steiner v. Showboat Operating Co., 25 F.3d 1459, 1463 (9th Cir.1994).
To determine whether there is a hostile environment, the court must consider all the circumstances. Harris, 510 U.S. at 23, 114 S.Ct. 367. Relevant factors include “the frequency of the discriminatory conduct; its severity; whether it is physically threatening or humiliating or mere offensive utterance; and whether it unreasonably interferes with an employee’s work performance.” Id. The Supreme Court explained, “[t]he real social impact of workplace behavior often depends on a constellation of surrounding circumstances, expectations, and relationships which are not fully captured by a simple recitation of the words used or the physical acts performed.” Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Services, Inc., 523 U.S. 75, 81-82, 118 S.Ct. 998, 140 L.Ed.2d 201 (1998).”[C]onduct must be extreme to result in a change in the terms and conditions of employment.” Faragher v. City of Boca Raton, 524 U.S. 775, 788, 118 S.Ct. 2275, 141 L.Ed.2d 662 (1998). “[T]he required showing of severity or seriousness of the harassing conduct varies inversely with the pervasiveness or frequency of the conduct.” Ellison v. Brady, 924 F.2d 872, 878 (9th Cir.1991). Oregon’s antidiscrimination statute, ORS 659A.030, is patterned after Title VII, and Federal law interpreting Title VII is instructive in evaluating claims under the state law. A.L.P., Inc. v. BOLI, 161 Or.App. 417, 422, 984 P.2d 883 (1999); see also Holien v. Sears, Roebuck and Co., 298 Or. 76, 88, 689 P.2d 1292 (1984) (applying Title VII elements to state law claim).
Retaliation
To state a prima facie case of retaliation, the plaintiff must show that: (1) she engaged in a protected activity; (2) the employer subjected her to adverse employment action; and (3) that there is a causal link between her protected activity and the employer’s action. Hashimoto v. Dalton, 118 F.3d 671, 679 (9th Cir.1997), cert. denied, 523 U.S. 1122, 118 S.Ct. 1803, 140 L.Ed.2d 943 (1998). In regard to the second element, the Ninth Circuit has held that “only non-trivial employment actions that would deter reasonable employees from complaining about Title VII violations will constitute actionable retaliation.” Brooks v. City of San Mateo, 229 F.3d 917, 928 (9th Cir.2000), citing Ray v. Henderson, 217 F.3d 1234, 1243 (9th Cir.2000). Examples of sufficiently adverse employment actions include “termination, dissemination of a negative employment reference, issuance of an undeserved negative performance review and refusal to consider for promotion.” Brooks, 229 F.3d at 928.
A plaintiff seeking to establish a prima facie case of retaliation under ORS 659A.030(l)(f) must establish the same elements as are required under Title VII. See Harris v. Pameco Corp., 170 Or.App. 164, 178-79, 12 P.3d 524 (2000).
DISCUSSION
Sexual Harassment
For purposes of summary judgment, defendant contends that plaintiff has not come forward with sufficient evidence to support the third element of her prima facie case — that the conduct was sufficiently severe or pervasive to alter the conditions of plaintiffs employment and create an abusive working environment.
On May 30 or 31, 2002, plaintiffs supervisor told her that instead of taking a second job as a cocktail waitress, she should be a strip dancer because she had a nice body and men would pay to see her dance. On June 3, 2002, while plaintiff and her supervisor were working together on a report, Cios rubbed plaintiffs thigh and said, “that feels nice.” The touching lasted thirty seconds to one minute, and then plaintiff moved her leg.
Until this incident, plaintiff admitted that her working relationship with Cios was excellent and the work environment was professional. Plaintiffs boyfriend reported the touching incident to Steve Nestor. Plaintiff assured Mr. Nestor that she could continue to perform her job and work with Cios, and she did not want him fired.
On June 5, 2002, during an interview with Cindy Nestor, plaintiff reported occasional touching by Cios, of her hand, her side, her back, neck massages and an occasion when he hugged her in the staff lounge. Plaintiff also stated, “I would never have mentioned anything if it hadn’t been for Lance calling.” Hartzell Aff., Ex. 8, p. 5 (plaintiffs written comments to the transcript of her interview with Cindy Nester).
These circumstances are not severe or pervasive enough to give rise to a hostile work environment. The conduct of which she complains was not “abusive, humiliating, or threatening” to the extent that it “pollut[ed her] workplace, making it more difficult for her to do her job, to take pride in her work, and to desire to stay on in her position” Steiner v. Showboat Operating Co., 25 F.3d 1459, 1463 (9th Cir.1994). “The working environment must both subjectively and objectively be perceived as abusive.” Fuller v. City of Oakland, 47 F.3d 1522, 1527 (9th Cir.1995) (citing Harris, 510 U.S. at 21-22, 114 S.Ct. 367). Plaintiff admits that her working relationship with Cios was excellent before June 3, 2002. The only complaint she made about him after June 3, 2002, is that he discussed her allegations against him, and for that he was fired. In these circumstances, it becomes difficult to conclude that a reasonable woman would feel that the terms and conditions of her employment have changed as a result of the misconduct. Cios’ conduct is akin to that reported in cases where a hostile work environment was not found. See, e.g., Brooks v. City of San Mateo, 229 F.3d 917 (9th Cir.2000) (single incident of co-worker touching victim’s stomach and breast under her sweater did not rise to the level of actionable harassment). Consequently, defendant is entitled to summary judgment on plaintiffs sexual harassment claim under Title VII. For the same reasons, her state law sexual harassment claim must be dismissed.
Because plaintiff has failed to establish a prima facie case of sexual harassment, it is not necessary to reach defendant’s affirmative defense.
Retaliation
Plaintiff claims that defendant retaliated against her for complaining about sexual harassment by Cios. She claims the following as unlawful retaliation: (1) delay in conducting her annual evaluation; (2) award of a 2%, as opposed to a 3%, pay increase; (3) appointment of Wartella as plaintiffs supervisor; (4) Wartella’s written warning and threatening plaintiffs job; (5) Cindy Nester’s failure to return plaintiffs voicemail message about Wartella; (6) Carlson’s verbal reprimand of August 9, 2002, and two written warnings on August 12, 2002; (7) Baker’s taking plaintiffs keys to the director’s office; (8) Baker’s August 20, 2002, warning to plaintiff about attendance; and (9) Carlson’s and Steve Nestor’s statements that plaintiff was distracted in the wake of her sexual harassment complaint.
In Ray v. Henderson, the Ninth Circuit held that each of the following constituted an adverse employment action: (1) elimination of employee feedback meetings; (2) elimination of a flexible start-time policy; (3) imposition of additional security measures that made it more burdensome for employees to perform their job duties; and (4) reducing the employee’s workload disproportionately to the reductions of other workers, which resulted in disproportionately reduced pay. 217 F.3d 1234, 1243-44 (9th Cir.2000). The Ray court concluded that its holding was consistent with the Ninth Circuit’s “expansive view of the type of actions that can be considered adverse employment actions” and gave effect to the EEOC’s definition that an “adverse employment action” is “any adverse treatment that is likely to deter the charging party or others from engaging in protected activity.” Id. at 1241, 1242-43.
Under the standard enunciated in Ray, plaintiff has come forward with sufficient evidence to create an issue of fact whether defendant subjected her to an adverse employment action. Giving plaintiff the benefit of all reasonable inferences, there is an issue of fact whether the alleged circumstances would likely deter a reasonable person from complaining about sexual harassment.
Plaintiff must also show that the adverse employment action was caused by her engaging in a protected activity, i.e., complaining about harassment by Cios. The timing and number or adverse employment actions in this case are evidence of causation. Within a few days of Cios’ termination, plaintiff received three written memorandums warning her about her job performance over a period of two business days. There is no evidence in the record of a prior written warning issued to plaintiff, though there is evidence of oral counseling. Furthermore, there is evidence that defendant failed to investigate plaintiffs complaints of retaliation: Cindy Nester never returned plaintiffs call of August 9, 2002, and as late as August 22, 2002, Steve Nester maintained that plaintiff had never complained about retaliation despite substantial evidence to the contrary. There is sufficient evidence in the record to create an issue of fact whether defendant’s stated reasons for the adverse employment actions are pretextual. Consequently, defendant is not entitled to summary judgment on plaintiffs claim of unlawful retaliation under federal and state law.
Punitive Damages
There is a three-part inquiry to determine whether there is evidence sufficient to allow a punitive damages claim to go to the jury: (1) whether the employer engaged in the discriminatory conduct with malice or reckless indifference to the employee’s federally protected rights; (2) whether the conduct may be imputed to the employer; and (3) whether the employer made good faith efforts to comply with Title VII. Kolstad v. American Dental Assoc., 527 U.S. 526, 119 S.Ct. 2118, 144 L.Ed.2d 494 (1999); Hemmings v. Tidyman’s, Inc., 285 F.3d 1174, 1197-98 (9th Cir.2002).
For the first element, plaintiff must come forward with sufficient evidence to create an issue of fact that the employer acted “in the face of a perceived risk that its actions will violate federal law.” Kolstad, 527 U.S. at 534-35, 119 S.Ct. 2118. In this case, in regard to retaliation, plaintiff asserted in a memorandum to Steve Nester of August 22, 2002, her belief that she has been retaliated against in violation of state and federal law and listed several incidents that she believed were retaliatory. In response, Steve Nester, by letter of that same date maintained that plaintiff had not complained of retaliation on August 9, 2002, as she claimed—a point which seems moot in light of plaintiffs subsequent documented complaints of retaliation. There is evidence from which a jury could infer that defendant urged plaintiff to move on rather than investigate her complaints of retaliation. At this point in the litigation, there is sufficient evidence to create an issue of fact about defendant’s mental state— whether it engaged in discriminatory conduct, i.e., retaliation, with malice or reckless indifference to plaintiffs federally protected rights.
For the second element, plaintiff must produce sufficient evidence to create an issue of fact whether the conduct may be imputed to defendant. Plaintiff has produced evidence sufficient to create an issue of fact that Carlson, Cindy Nester, and Steve Nester retaliated against her. As officers and shareholders of defendant’s parent company, their behavior maybe imputed to defendant.
For the third element, plaintiff must produce sufficient evidence to create an issue of fact that the employer did not make good faith efforts to comply with Title VII. For the same reasons there is an issue of fact in regard to defendant’s mental state under the first prong of the inquiry, there are issues of fact in regard to whether defendant tried in good faith to comply with Title VII. Thus, defendant is not entitled to summary judgment on plaintiffs claim for punitive damages.
CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, defendant’s motion for summary judgment (docket No. 26) is granted in part and denied in part. Plaintiffs claim of sexual harassment in violation of state and federal law is dismissed with prejudice. Plaintiffs claim of retaliation in, violation of state and federal law and her claim for punitive damages remain.
. There is a dispute as to who plaintiff's supervisor was on August 7-8, 2002.
. Marge Carlson founded Apollo College, Inc., in 1976. She is Cindy Nester's mother, and Steve Nester's mother in law.
| CASELAW |
Talk:Angie Miller
Merge propsal
I see no need to merge Angela Miller (disambiguation) into this article, as has been proposed there. If someone is searching for the American Idol contestant (by her alternate/birth name) or the fictional character, that page will get them to the right place. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:10, 14 April 2013 (UTC) | WIKI |
Speeding up your work process should be one of your top priorities. Simply put, if you do more work in less time, then you will have more time to work on more projects, study and rest.
WP-CLI is one of the command line tools specifically made to manage your WordPress websites through the command line. With a few simple commands, you can manage WordPress without even needing to login to your WordPress admin and navigate through the pages.
In this tutorial, we’re going to learn exactly what WP-CLI is, how to install it and an overview of the basic commands of this tool.
WP-CLI will be particularly useful if you are a WordPress developer, System Administrator or run a business built around WordPress. This command line tool will greatly help you do more in less time. For example, taking backups, updating WordPress and plugins, publishing content and querying databases can be accomplished relatively quickly.
Requirements of WP-CLI
To install WP-CLI, make sure you have a hosting account with SSH access. Most shared hosting providers do not give you access to SSH. Providers like DigitalOcean, Linode and AWS are ideal for this if you love to spin up your own servers.
Other requirements are basic:
1. PHP 5.3.2 or later.
2. WordPress 3.4 or later.
3. UNIX like environment like Linux.
How to Install WP-CLI
Step 1
First connect to your server’s command line through SSH. You can install the latest version of WP-CLI using the cURL or wget command.
Using the cURL command, type:
curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wp-cli/builds/gh-pages/phar/wp-cli.phar
This will download and extract the WP-CLI files to your root user directory.
Step 2
Next, we will set the permissions to make it executable. Enter the following command:
chmod +x wp-cli.phar
Step 3
Optionally, we can move wp-cli.phar to a folder and rename it to wp. This will help us use the WP-CLI commands by just typing ‘wp’ at the start of the commands.
sudo mv wp-cli.phar /usr/local/bin/wp
That’s it! Now we can jump in to use many of the WP-CLI commands.
Basic WP-CLI Commands
To keep it simple, we’re going to overview the basic WP-CLI commands.
Using the WP-CLI Help System
WP-CLI comes with a full help system that you can access by typing “wp help”, for example:
wp help cache
Will display information as:
NAME
wp cache
DESCRIPTION
Manage the object cache.
SYNOPSIS
wp cache <command>
SUBCOMMANDS
add – Add a value to the object cache.
decr – Decrement a value in the object cache.
delete – Remove a value from the object cache.
flush – Flush the object cache.
get – Get a value from the object cache.
incr – Increment a value in the object cache.
replace – Replace an existing value in the object cache.
set – Set a value to the object cache.
type – Attempts to determine which object cache is being used.
EXAMPLES
wp cache set my_key my_value my_group 300
wp cache get my_key my_group
You can use the help system to understand what you can do with the commands and their respective subcommands.
Installing WordPress with WP-CLI
If you haven’t installed WordPress by using any other method on your server, then you can easily do so using WP-CLI command wp core install. Along with that command we need to pass parameters such as URL, Title, Admin Username, Password and Admin Email.
wp core install --url="your_domain" --title="Blog Title" --admin_user="admin username" --admin_password="enter_your_password" --admin_email="enter_your_email"
Installing Themes with WP-CLI
Importing and installing themes is much quicker through WP-CLI than going into WordPress admin, searching and then activating it.
It connects your server directly to the WordPress theme repository and imports the theme in a matter of a few seconds. For example, to install a theme like TwentyTen, we will use the following command:
wp theme install twentyten
Similarly, to install P2 theme, our command will become:
wp theme install p2
To activate the themes on your WordPress website, you will need to use the following command:
wp theme activate p2
Installing Plugins with WP-CLI
Just like the themes, plugins can also be installed right from the official repository. Installation is seamless and takes almost no time.
For example: wp plugin install woocommerce
The above command will install the WooCommerce plugin on your website. To activate it, we will use the command:
wp plugin activate woocommerce
Similarly, to deactivate any plugin, the command becomes:
wp plugin deactivate woocommerce
Updating WordPress Core, Themes and Plugins with WP-CLI
Repetitive and often time consuming task of updating the WordPress core, themes and plugins can be easily carried out through the command line.
To update the WordPress core to the latest stable release of WordPress, the command is:
wp core update
If you want to update to a specific version, for example you have WordPress 3.7 and want to move to WordPress 4.0 instead of WordPress 4.3, use the command:
wp core update --version=4.0
Or, if for any reason you want to revert back your WordPress site to the previous version, the command is:
wp core update --version=3.9 --force
To update plugins, you can either define one plugin to update or better still, update all the plugins in one go.
wp plugin update woocommerce
wp plugin update --all
A similar method applies to the themes. You can update WordPress themes through WP-CLI with following command
wp theme update twentyten
wp theme update --all
Conclusion
WP-CLI is indeed a powerful tool that can be used to manage your WordPress sites through the command line. There are also many more commands to manage your database, take backups, manage posts, comments and WordPress multisite It definitely speeds up your tasks, and makes it really easy to manage the sites.
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Australia's opposition Labor vows new bank tax ahead of election
SYDNEY, Feb 25 (Reuters) - Australia’s Labor opposition party will introduce a A$640 million ($457 million) tax on the country’s largest banks if it wins a national election due by May, a further headwind to a sector recovering from multiple scandals. The proposed charge would be in addition to a new A$6 billion government-imposed tax on the biggest financial institutions in 2017 to help bring the federal budget back into a surplus by 2021. The Labor party is on track to unseat the conservative government, according to polls. If elected, the new tax would raise A$160 million annually over four years to pay for financial counselling services for people in financial difficulty or for those wronged by banks, Labor leader Bill Shorten said in a statement on Monday. “Labor will give bank victims a fairer chance to fight for their rights,” Shorten told reporters in the northern state of Queensland, a key battleground in the upcoming election. “If the taxpayer is underwriting the security of the banks, I don’t think it unreasonable for the banks to give something back to the taxpayer.” Over the past year, the financial services sector has been shamed by several scandals exposed by a Royal Commission inquiry, which included evidence of irresponsible lending and charging hundreds of millions of dollars in fees to customers without providing services. The inquiry stopped short of recommending measures that would threaten the A$400 billion industry’s dominant position, but recommended dozens of initiatives to clean up the industry, which both major parties said they would support “in principle”. The recommendations included additional funding for financial councillors, given the sector was struggling to meet the increasing demand for its services. Billions in legal and remediation costs have already hurt the profits of the big four banks - Commonwealth Bank of Australia, Westpac Banking Corp, Australia and New Zealand Banking Group, and National Australia Bank . “Banks will study this commitment in detail and expect to be consulted on its practical impacts should Labor form government after the upcoming election,” Australian Banking Association spokeswoman Anna Bligh said in a statement. The tax would apply to the big four banks and others included in the S&P/ASX 100 index, based on their market capitalisation. ($1 = 1.4004 Australian dollars) (Reporting by Paulina Duran; Editing by Michael Perry) | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Jian Ma (computer scientist)
Jian Ma (Chinese: 马坚) is an American computer scientist and computational biologist. He is the Ray and Stephanie Lane Professor of Computational Biology in the School of Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University. He is a faculty member in the Ray and Stephanie Lane Computational Biology Department. His lab develops machine learning algorithms to study the structure and function of the human genome and cellular organization and their implications for health and disease. During his Ph.D. and postdoc training, he developed algorithms to reconstruct the ancestral mammalian genome. His research group has recently pioneered a series of new machine learning methods for 3D epigenomics, comparative genomics, spatial genomics, and single-cell analysis. He received an NSF CAREER award in 2011. In 2020, he was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in Computer Science. He is an elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He leads an NIH 4D Nucleome Center to develop machine learning algorithms to better understand the cell nucleus. He is the Program Chair for RECOMB 2024.
Selected Recent Publications
* Xiong K#, Zhang R#, and Ma J. scGHOST: Identifying single-cell 3D genome subcompartments. Nature Methods, 21(5):814-822, 2024.
* Zhou T, Zhang R, Jia D, Doty RT, Munday AD, Gao D, Xin L, Abkowitz JL, Duan Z*, and Ma J*. GAGE-seq concurrently profiles multiscale 3D genome organization and gene expression in single cells. Nature Genetics, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-024-01745-3, 2024.
* Zhang Y, Boninsegna L, Yang M, Misteli T, Alber F, and Ma J. Computational methods for analysing multiscale 3D genome organization. Nature Reviews Genetics, 5(2):123-141, 2024.
* Chidester B#, Zhou T#, Alam S, and Ma J. SPICEMIX enables integrative single-cell spatial modeling of cell identity. Nature Genetics, 55(1):78-88, 2023. [Cover Article]
* Zhang R#, Zhou T#, and Ma J. Ultrafast and interpretable single-cell 3D genome analysis with Fast-Higashi. Cell Systems, 13(10):P798-807.E6, 2022. [Cover Article]
* Zhu X#, Zhang Y#, Wang Y, Tian D, Belmont AS, Swedlow JR, and Ma J. Nucleome Browser: An integrative and multimodal data navigation platform for 4D Nucleome. Nature Methods, 19(8):911-913, 2022.
* Zhang R, Zhou T, and Ma J. Multiscale and integrative single-cell Hi-C analysis with Higashi. Nature Biotechnology, 40:254–261, 2022. | WIKI |
Alexander Shatravka
Alexander "Sasha" Ivanovich Shatravka (Александр Иванович Шатравка; born 6 October 1950) is a Russian-born former Soviet dissident and peace activist who is known for his memoir Escape from Paradise about escaping from the Soviet Union. He now lives in the United States and is a naturalized U.S. citizen.
He is known for his attempt to escape from the Soviet Union as a 24-year-old sailor in 1974 and for spending nine years as a political prisoner in Soviet psychiatric hospitals and Gulag concentration camps, from 1974 to 1979 and from 1982 to 1986. In 1983 he was sentenced to three years in prison for circulating a petition calling for the universal abolition of nuclear weapons, following his release in 1979. He was released in 1986, in time for the changes of glasnost and perestroika. He finally made it to the West, and testified before the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe on political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union.
He has lived in the United States since 1986 and was naturalized as a U.S. citizen in 1992. His memoir Escape from Paradise was published in Russian in 2010 and in English in 2019. | WIKI |
User:Prasanthsreya
Prasanth Sreya is a Proffessional photographer, born in April 12th 1977 in a village of Trivandrum, kerala, India. He started his carrier in 2002 as a Graphic Desingner at Paramount Studio, Trivandrum. And he become a Proffessional model photographer in future. In 2016 he learned about Drone photography and worked with many of malayalam movies, serials and shortfilms | WIKI |
Economy center stage in French elections
January 24, 2007 Presidential candidate has promised to address what he calls the French "moral crisis... of work". With unemployment for younger people running at alarming levels (15.5% in 2002 for those aged between 20 and 24 according to the ) and the memory of the still recent, Sarkozy promised to reign in government spending and implement tax policies that reward longer working hours.
Once a matter of pride, the 35 hour maximum working week is seen by Mr. Sarkozy as contributing to the sluggish growth of the French economy. In previous years France's aversion to "anglo-saxon" economic and labour policies contributed to the rejection of the EU constitution in a referendum last year.
However, such views are now being challenged by the French right's main Presidential candidate as he proposes to abolish tax on hours worked above the 35 hours limit as well as proposing to introduce new measures to increase share options for employees outside of the managerial elite.
As well as challenging France's work ethic he is planning to roll back the boundaries of the State by adopting policies that will reduce the size of State organisations to allow for tax reductions in the hope of kick-starting the economy. The effect of his tax and spend reduction plans on state social provision has not yet been explained.
Reaction from Socialist candidate was immediate in describing his proposal as "scandalous" and that tax reductions on the richest on society would aggravate the already existing social divisions in the country. She argues that State spending on public services were essential at a time when such divisions existed in the country.
Mr. Sarkozy is currently pulling ahead in the polls one week after announcing his candidacy for the May poll. | WIKI |
Talk:Old Kentish Sign Language
Existence
There is absolutely no evidence that this sign language ever existed. It is mere speculation based on some discussion in a book by Nora Groce on Martha's Vineyard Sign Language. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs)
* Could you elaborate? i guess you are talking about this book about Martha's Vineyard Sign Language:
* Groce, Nora Ellen (1985). Everyone here spoke sign language: Hereditary deafness on Martha's Vineyard. Harvard University Press. ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>.
* I haven't read it but I believe that the author suggests that a sign language was brought to New England from Kent by a group of related families with a high degree of hereditary deafness, whose descendents developed Martha's Vineyard Sign Language. OKSL has also been identified by the Summer Institute of Linguistics (see the Ethnologue entry), and listed in Gallaudet University's sign languages page.
* However, I did find this quote: "There has been the suggestion that the sign language [that emerged on Martha's Vineyard] would have been some form of “Old Kentish Sign Language”. This needs to be treated with caution because no deaf people were part of the original migration from Kent, and nothing is known about any specific variety of signing used in Kent." (From Multilingualism: The global approach to sign languages, by Bencie Woll, Rachel Sutton-Spence and Frances Elton, in "The Sociolinguistics of Sign Languages", Edited by Ceil Lucas, Cambridge University Press, ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>).
* What do you suggest is changed on this article, if anything? ntennis 04:02, 27 July 2006 (UTC)
* I've now added the quote from Woll et al. ntennis 05:05, 27 July 2006 (UTC)
Thanks for adding this. I realise that the term 'Old Kent/Kentish Sign Language' has appeared in Ethnologue and elsewhere but there actually is no evidence to my knowledge that it ever existed. As you said, you've not read Groce (1985) yourself. In fact, I think this is widely the case amongst those who believe that such a sign language actually existed. If you look closely at the original suggestion she made, you will see that it is mere speculation. Adam Schembri, UCL.
* Thanks for the information! Please edit the article if you think it is incorrect. I will also try to have a look for the book and check the other sources. ntennis 01:31, 16 August 2006 (UTC)
Proposed deletion of this article
I read this article and thought it was all speculation with the references used to support notability all being speculative themselves. I then checked on this talk page and found the above comments by editors who also thought this language may not even have existed. I then checked online for references and all I could find was the same references used here that do only confirm that the existence of the language is speculative. Based on the fact that there is nothing to verify the languages notability I suggest this article is deleted. Even as a speculative language, notability is not established by any sources. Any comments welcome before I start the deletion process. Roger 8 Roger (talk) 22:46, 24 February 2019 (UTC)
I have found some other sources that discuss Groce's hypothesis about the origins of congenital deafness and sign language on Martha's Vineyard. I think this is a valid topic to have a Wikipedia article on, as readers may come across the name 'Old Kentish Sign Language' and want to find out more about it (as Adam Schembri states above, it is included in Ethnologue, and this article includes the Ethnologue entry as a reference). There are several reviews of Groce's book that discuss her suggestions - they could certainly be added as references to Martha's Vineyard Sign Language, but in that they discuss the plausibility of a sign language existing in Kent, which emigrants to America took with them, they are relevant to an article about the putative 'Old Kentish Sign Language'. (The reviews include Scientific American Vol. 256, No. 3 (March 1987), pp. 27-29, American Anthropologist, New Series, Vol. 89, No. 2 (Jun., 1987), pp. 466-467 , and Journal of Social History Vol. 21, No. 2 (Winter, 1987), pp. 346-348 .) Other sources also refer to Groce's hypothesis and the evidence from Pepys, including the article 'Dumb O Jemmy and Others: Deaf People, Interpreters, and the London Courts in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries', in Sign Language Studies Vol. 8, No. 3 (Spring 2008), pp. 226-240, which is also a clear description of what evidence is available about signing in Britain over the 18th and 19th centuries (mainly from records of the London Central Criminal Court, but defendants, plaintiffs and witnesses came from other parts of Britain too). That article describes early signing as most often "home sign", developed by a deaf person and their family, workmates, etc, to enable communication, but not established, not passed from generation to generation or used by a large group, etc. However, it also makes the point that home signs are often the starting point for new sign languages when deaf people come together. This article further states that the servant Pepys observed was most likely using a form of home sign, and that there appears to be no evidence to confirm Groce's conjecture. Its discussion of evidence about signing in Britain - the earliest evidence being from 1575, and only sporadic references during the 17th century, the relevant period for the emigrants from the Weald in Kent to America - makes clear that it's unlikely that any evidence exists at all, either to prove or disprove the existence of Old Kentish Sign Language. However, it does also make clear that home signing did exist at that period in some families/work situations including deaf people. The fact that there's no evidence that any deaf people were part of the original migration is also discussed - the congenital deafness in Martha's Vineyard often appeared in some members of a family and not others, and it's entirely plausible that two emigrants had the recessive genes for deafness, that some of their children were deaf, and also that at least some emigrants knew home sign for use with deaf family members who did not emigrate, at all or in the original migration, and used that with children born deaf in America. Also, there is evidence of deaf emigrants arriving from Kent in New England before the move to Martha's Vineyard. So I propose keeping the article, although revising it to reflect wider discussion than is presently represented in it, particularly where the second para appears to make definite statements about Pepys' servant living in the same community as the Martha's Vineyard emigrants, and about sign language being widespread there. RebeccaGreen (talk) 14:31, 28 February 2019 (UTC)
* Comment, reason for PROD removal
* Thank you for your thorough explanation. I would agree to keeping the article with some changes being made. I do not have access to the references you mention, which are subscriber only. Roger 8 Roger (talk) 10:39, 3 March 2019 (UTC) | WIKI |
Do you want to know how your customers use your applications and devices? Try Qt Insight Beta.
最新版Qt 6.3已正式发布。 了解更多。
最新バージョンQt 6.3がご利用いただけます。 詳細はこちら
# Creating and Destroying Objects
The Loader element makes it possible to populate part of a user interface dynamically. However, the overall structure of the interface is still static. Through JavaScript, it is possible to take one more step and to instantiate QML elements completely dynamically.
Before we dive into the details of creating elements dynamically, we need to understand the workflow. When loading a piece of QML from a file or even over the Internet, a component is created. The component encapsulates the interpreted QML code and can be used to create items. This means that loading a piece of QML code and instantiating items from it is a two-stage process. First, the QML code is parsed into a component. Then the component is used to instantiate actual item objects.
In addition to creating elements from QML code stored in files or on servers, it is also possible to create QML objects directly from text strings containing QML code. The dynamically created items are then treated in a similar fashion once instantiated.
# Dynamically Loading and Instantiating Items
When loading a piece of QML, it is first interpreted as a component. This includes loading dependencies and validating the code. The location of the QML being loaded can be either a local file, a Qt resource, or even a distance network location specified by a URL. This means that the loading time can be everything from instant, for instance, a Qt resource located in RAM without any non-loaded dependencies, to very long, meaning a piece of code located on a slow server with multiple dependencies that need to be loaded.
The status of a component being created can be tracked by it is status property. The available values are Component.Null, Component.Loading, Component.Ready and Component.Error. The Null to Loading to Ready is the usual flow. At any stage, the status can change to Error. In that case, the component cannot be used to create new object instances. The Component.errorString() function can be used to retrieve a user-readable error description.
When loading components over slow connections, the progress property can be of use. It ranges from 0.0, meaning nothing has been loaded, to 1.0 indicating that all have been loaded. When the component’s status changes to Ready, the component can be used to instantiate objects. The code below demonstrates how that can be achieved, taking into account the event of the component becoming ready or failing to be created directly, as well as the case where a component is ready slightly later.
var component;
function createImageObject() {
component = Qt.createComponent("dynamic-image.qml");
if (component.status === Component.Ready || component.status === Component.Error) {
finishCreation();
} else {
component.statusChanged.connect(finishCreation);
}
}
function finishCreation() {
if (component.status === Component.Ready) {
var image = component.createObject(root, {"x": 100, "y": 100});
if (image === null) {
console.log("Error creating image");
}
} else if (component.status === Component.Error) {
console.log("Error loading component:", component.errorString());
}
}
The code above is kept in a separate JavaScript source file, referenced from the main QML file.
import QtQuick
import "create-component.js" as ImageCreator
Item {
id: root
width: 1024
height: 600
Component.onCompleted: ImageCreator.createImageObject();
}
The createObject function of a component is used to create object instances, as shown above. This not only applies to dynamically loaded components but also Component elements inlined in the QML code. The resulting object can be used in the QML scene like any other object. The only difference is that it does not have an id.
The createObject function takes two arguments. The first is a parent object of the type Item. The second is a list of properties and values on the format {"name": value, "name": value}. This is demonstrated in the example below. Notice that the properties argument is optional.
var image = component.createObject(root, {"x": 100, "y": 100});
TIP
A dynamically created component instance is not different to an in-line Component element. The in-line Component element also provides functions to instantiate objects dynamically.
# Incubating Components
When components are created using createObject the creation of the object component is blocking. This means that the instantiation of a complex element may block the main thread, causing a visible glitch. Alternatively, complex components may have to be broken down and loaded in stages using Loader elements.
To resolve this problem, a component can be instantiated using the incubateObject method. This might work just as createObject and return an instance immediately, or it may call back when the component is ready. Depending on your exact setup, this may or may not be a good way to solve instantiation related animation glitches.
To use an incubator, simply use it as createComponent. However, the returned object is an incubator and not the object instance itself. When the incubator’s status is Component.Ready, the object is available through the object property of the incubator. All this is shown in the example below:
function finishCreate() {
if (component.status === Component.Ready) {
var incubator = component.incubateObject(root, {"x": 100, "y": 100});
if (incubator.status === Component.Ready) {
var image = incubator.object; // Created at once
} else {
incubator.onStatusChanged = function(status) {
if (status === Component.Ready) {
var image = incubator.object; // Created async
}
};
}
}
}
# Dynamically Instantiating Items from Text
Sometimes, it is convenient to be able to instantiate an object from a text string of QML. If nothing else, it is quicker than putting the code in a separate source file. For this, the Qt.createQmlObject function is used.
The function takes three arguments: qml, parent and filepath. The qml argument contains the string of QML code to instantiate. The parent argument provides a parent object to the newly created object. The filepath argument is used when reporting any errors from the creation of the object. The result returned from the function is either a new object or null.
WARNING
The createQmlObject function always returns immediately. For the function to succeed, all the dependencies of the call must be loaded. This means that if the code passed to the function refers to a non-loaded component, the call will fail and return null. To better handle this, the createComponent / createObject approach must be used.
The objects created using the Qt.createQmlObject function resembles any other dynamically created object. That means that it is identical to every other QML object, apart from not having an id. In the example below, a new Rectangle element is instantiated from in-line QML code when the root element has been created.
import QtQuick
Item {
id: root
width: 1024
height: 600
function createItem() {
Qt.createQmlObject("import QtQuick 2.5; Rectangle { x: 100; y: 100; width: 100; height: 100; color: \"blue\" }", root, "dynamicItem")
}
Component.onCompleted: root.createItem()
}
# Managing Dynamically Created Elements
Dynamically created objects can be treated as any other object in a QML scene. However, there are some pitfalls that we need to be aware of. The most important is the concept of the creation contexts.
The creation context of a dynamically created object is the context within it is being created. This is not necessarily the same context as the parent exists in. When the creation context is destroyed, so are the bindings concerning the object. This means that it is important to implement the creation of dynamic objects in a place in the code which will be instantiated during the entire lifetime of the objects.
Dynamically created objects can also be dynamically destroyed. When doing this, there is a rule of thumb: never attempt to destroy an object that you have not created. This also includes elements that you have created, but not using a dynamic mechanism such as Component.createObject or createQmlObject.
An object is destroyed by calling its destroy function. The function takes an optional argument which is an integer specifying how many milliseconds the objects shall exist before being destroyed. This is useful too, for instance, let the object complete a final transition.
item = Qt.createQmlObject(...)
...
item.destroy()
TIP
It is possible to destroy an object from within, making it possible to create self-destroying popup windows for instance. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
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