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Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume IV/Origen/Origen Against Celsus/Book IV/Chapter XCVI
Chapter XCVI.
We ought to take note, however, that the power of foreknowing the future is by no means a proof of divinity; for in itself it is a thing indifferent, and is found occurring amongst both good and bad.  Physicians, at any rate, by means of their professional skill foreknow certain things, although their character may happen to be bad.  And in the same way also pilots, although perhaps wicked men, are able to foretell the signs (of good or bad weather), and the approach of violent tempests of wind, and atmospheric changes, because they gather this knowledge from experience and observation, although I do not suppose that on that account any one would term them “gods” if their characters happened to be bad.  The assertion, then, of Celsus is false, when he says:  “What could be called more divine than the power of foreknowing and foretelling the future?”  And so also is this, that “many of the animals claim to have ideas of God;” for none of the irrational animals possess any idea of God.  And wholly false, too, is his assertion, that “the irrational animals are nearer the society of God (than men),” when even men who are still in a state of wickedness, however great their progress in knowledge, are far removed from that society.  It is, then, those alone who are truly wise and sincerely religious who are nearer to God’s society; such persons as were our prophets, and Moses, to the latter of whom, on account of his exceeding purity, the Scripture said:  “Moses alone shall come near the , but the rest shall not come nigh.” | WIKI |
User:Abu Solaiman Al-Darai
23. Abu Solaiman al-Dara’i
He was famous saint who was master in Islamic law and mystic knowledge. Due to his kind nature he was called rehan khuloob which means sweet basil of hearts. He was from Dar al Malik so he was called Dara’i.
One of his disciple Ahmed Hawari narrates that one night he prayed in the private place and he felt very peace with it and when he explained this to his teacher Abu Sulaiman Darai then he told him “ Oh :you are so old but you do not know the condition of worship in the private or public place and in both these places there is nothing which will stop the worship of Allah.” He used to say that one night after Eisha prayer he could not raise his one hand due too much cold in that night so he put one of his hand in the armpit.
In that night he heard a divine voice in his dream in which Allah told him “ He awarded for raising one of his hand and if he raised the another one then we will have given the reward for that hand also.” After that he had made his habit to pray with two hands during the winter seasons. He told that one night due to drowsiness his time for daily round of recital was over and he saw in his dream a hourie which told him “ Since 500 years she was adorn for you but you are in condition of negligence.” After that sound he wake up and completed his daily round of recital. He told one night he saw a hurie in his dream. Hurire’s forehead was illuminated. So I asked why there it is bright and shining? She replied him that “ One night due to fear of Allah you were weeping and due to weeping there were tears in your eyes. These tears have put on my face as powder and for this reason from that day there is brightness and shining on my forehead.” He told he used to eat bread with spread of salt on it but one day he ate bread with salt and sesame was also with it. For this he got punishment for one year and due to this punishment there was no peace in his worship. He told that he used to borrow some amount from his friend for his daily expenses of life and one day that friend told him when your desires will be end.? Since from that day he stopped asking any thing from the mankind. He told “He thought caliph a bad man but he never told this to the people in this matter. So that people may not think me sincere and truthful and for this I will leave this world in insincere condition.”
He told that there was person in Makkah who did not drink other than Zam Zam water so I ask him “ If the well of Zam Zam will dry then which water he will drink.?” He replied “ Allah will reward you for giving me advice. Since many years I have great respect for Zam Zam water. So I will finish this respect from today onwards. ” Some persons asked with Saleh bin Abdul Karim which thing is good in the following. Hopefulness and fear.
He replied “both are good but hopefulness is better than fear. When this saying was reported to Abu Sulaiman then he told “ He thinks that the foundation of worship is on the fear because hopefulness will keep away us from worship. The foundation of religion and world is on the fear. So when there is control of hopefulness on fear then hearts will not work properly. If there will be increase of fear then the worship will also increases.” He told prophet Luqman (ra) advised his son “ Fear Allah in such extent that there will be no disappointment from the grace of Allah and do not keep too much hopefulness for which you will be out of fear from the punishment.”
Wet dream is curse due to too much eating of food. Too much eating food will cause the following six problems.
There will be no interest in the worship. Matters of wisdom will not be remembered. There will be no kindness. The worship will become burden. There will be increase of human desires. There will be no time for worship in the mosques due to too much visit of toilets.
One who have control on hunger and this is good habit and Allah grants this habit to his friends only. Because the hunger is fill of next world and key of this world. The hungry man’s all needs of his religion and necessities of this world are fulfilled. Self-denial and humility causes softness in the heart and on that person there will be revelation of heavenly knowledge. One loaf of right ( halal) food in the night is better than the whole day’s worship. He told “ The man whose heart is bright will not like worldly desires. Because that light will separate him from this world and take him towards Allah.” He told “ One who will return back from the goal will not be successful. One who gets some sincerity in the life then he will feel happiness. The sincere people will be kept away from doubts. The true people when they want to explain the condition of their hearts but their tongues will not help them. There are some persons who are in agreeable condition of Allah but feel endurance as repentance for themselves. Because in that condition the man will claim for the repentance. But the agreeable condition relates the willingness of Allah so the repentance relates with the man and agreeable condition relates with Allah.”
The meaning of agreeable condition is that there should be no desire of heaven and no fear of punishment. He told that “ I like too much agreeable condition so if Allah sends every body to hell then all will go there with helplessly but I will accept it with happiness.” To leave egotism is called humility.
The person who is called mystic will ignore the things which keep him away from Allah. Sign of mystic person is that who will not desire costly things comparing to the cheaper things. The world only creates all problems. He told the mysticism teaches that all problems are from Allah so leave all things except Allah. He told that hunger is must for the worship. He told that to think over worldly matters will bring difficulties in the next world. If we take lesson then our knowledge will be increased. Thinking will increases our fear of Allah. The need of other world is to shed tears from our eyes and deliberation of our hearts. He told the loss of wasting of life is such that if we weep all our lives then it will not cover the loss. He told Momen (faithful) is one who keeps away his heart from hardships of the world and busy himslef in the worship of Allah and who shed tears in the fear of Allah.
He told till if a man busy himself in the worship then in the meadows of heaven the angels will plant trees for his each and every worship. When the man ceases his worship then they also finish their work there. One who leaves truly all his human desires then he will deserve for the reward from the Allah.
One who will not find pleasure in his worship in this world then there will be no reward for such worship in the next world. Because the sign of acceptance is the pleasure of worship. The last stage of mystic saint is equal to the first of stage saints who re-signed themselves to the fate. He told Allah grants such grade to the pious persons in the dream which non pious person will not find in their prayers. When the inside sight of pious men works then the outside sight will be ceased. So he will not see except Allah. If we leave both the worlds to Allah then there is possibility of nearness of Allah. Mystic knowledge is near silence. He told if our heart is bright with remembrance of Allah then there will be no need of desires for us. One who suffers difficulties in the worship then the same source will become salvation for him. He told nothing is better than endurances. There are two kinds of endurances. One is to be content for the things which we do not desire for us and second to be content for the things which we desire for us. For this Allah has prohibited for us. He told I ruined myself to such extent that the world could not distress me. One who have control over his sole then he will get nearness of Allah and he will deserve for the heaven. He told the person who feel repentance for him then Allah will keep his secrets. He told to his disciple that if your friend in anger will say some thing against you then you do not be angry with him and reply harshly because it is possible that your friend will be harsher than you. Upon his experience the disciple told him that his saying was correct and practical.
Junaid Baghdadi told that he was very carefull when he hears some sayings of mystic saints and unless he will not check two references from the Quran and traditions he will not act upon them. He also got some knowledge from Mazlijat. He used to say in hunger “ Oh ; Allah such person is not good for your service unless who will not act on your commandments.” At the time of his death the persons told him you are going to see Allah who is most beneficent and merciful so please advice us. He told I am going to see Allah who counts our small sins and also who punish us for our greater sins and by saying this he left this world.
Somebody asked him in the dream how Allah has blessed him ? . He replied Allah granted his mercy and blessing but my fame in that world was not good for me.
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TWENTY THIRD EPISODE from Tazkeratul Aoulia by Sheikh Farid-ud-Din Attar (Book of Muslim Saints and Mystics)
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=================================================================================== Translated from Urdu to English by Muhammed A. Hafeez, B.COM. Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>H.NO. 16-11-16/1/21, SALEEMNAGAR COLONY, AL-MADINA COTTAGE, FIRST FLOOR, FLAT NO.3, AL-SULAIMAN APARTMENT, Hyderabad-36, (India)
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================================================================================== Reference Books
1. Tazkeratul Aoulia by Sheikh Farid-ud-Din Attar (Book of Muslim Saints and Mystics), Urdu translation published by Majedi Book Depot, Kanpur in the year 1383 A.H., India.
2. Tazkeratul Aoulia by Sheikh Farid-ud-Din Attar (Book of Muslim Saints and Mystics), Urdu translation published by Anwar Book Depot, Delhi India.
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============================= =================================================== | WIKI |
Voice Coils with Inside/Outside Windings
In many applications loudspeakers may be driven or powered so high that the amount of current going through the voice coil windings will cause a large rise in the temperature of the coil. In extreme cases, the winding will get so hot that the adhesive holding the turns together and to the form material will soften and let the coil come apart or even burn through a wire or solder joint.
There are many ways in loudspeaker design to try to keep the voice coil from overheating—to try to dissipate heat. One effective method is to put the first layer of the windings on the inside of the coil. The coil form, especially if it is a polyimide film material, will act as an insulator to keep the heat generated by the coil in the windings. It will slow the dissipation of the heat on the inside of the coil. If we wind the first layer on the inside of the coil it provides much more surface area of the wire to allow the heat of the coil to escape. The heavy metal of the pole piece close to the inside of the coil is more able to help pull the heat away from the coil with the inside layer of windings exposed to it.
Inside/Outside winding, combined with our special high-temperature resistant adhesive, can result in a voice coil that can stand to be driven at very high power levels. To learn more about voice coil windings, contact Precision Econowind today | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Windows 11 User Migration to Azure user
LilyLeiden
New Member
We just tested migrating a small batch of test users to our new Azure tenant.
While migrating the PC/user account was no problem, the fact that people get a completely blank user profile, certainly was a showstopper!!
Many of our users has had their AD profile for years, even a decade and has a lot of individual settings, ways to work, shortcuts, quick links, favorites/browser cached passwords etc. and they loose all that.
Management has currently halted the process due to the protests.
So I am on the lookout for a way to link/migrate the old profile/profile settings, when Azure joining the PC?
Mike
Windows Forum Admin
Staff member
Premium Supporter
Did you use a third-party vendor or SaaS/IaaS solution to do the migration from on-prem to Azure AD or did you simply use Azure AD Sync? You have to manually copy the profile data over from the local account or local AD account to the 365/Azure tenant. You could also use a third party solution like BitTitan's MigrationWiz or Skykick to try to do the whole migration.
If your local IT team is doing this and you don't have access to these paid resources:
To preserve profile data during an on-premises AD to Azure AD migration, you can use the following methods:
1. User State Migration Tool (USMT): You can use USMT to migrate the user profile data from the old PC to the new PC during deployment.
2. Profile Migration Tool: You can use a third-party profile migration tool that is specifically designed for this purpose. There are several commercial and open-source options available, such as: ProfileUnity.
3. Manually copying files: You can also manually copy the profile data from the old profile to the new profile on the new PC, preserving the folder structure. (Depending on how many profiles we're talking about here, it could be the best option in this case)
Regardless of the method you choose, it's important to thoroughly test the process before deploying it to all users to ensure that the profile data is preserved and that the users have a "seamless" experience. There is going to be some stuff you are going to lose even after the migration, cached passwords most likely being one of them. It is important to map this out during the planning phases of the project before trying to execute it again (in my honest opinion).
bboisen
Well-Known Member
I spent weeks researching this a couple years back and MS totally neglects that migrating PPLs desktop is a thing.
The simplest solution we always used at my previous job, was USMTGUI from EhlerTech
1. Join the PC to Azure, using the user account supposed to use the PC afterwards, thereby making the user (at least temporarily) local admin.
2. Then start USMTGUI from a thumbdrive, select the old user profile and press "Run".
Usually a 5-10 min process, depending. If data is already on Onedrive, only a minute or two.
Fully manual hands-on process but really not worth spending a lot of time or money on automating.
Top | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
> synapse: spaces between neurons, or between neurons and effectors
> vesicles containing chemical neurotransmitters are located at the end of neuron axons
Electrical Signals:
> electrical impulses moving along the axon stimulate the release of neurotransmitters
Chemical Signals:
> neurotransmitters are released from the presynaptic neuron and diffuse across the synaptic cleft
> neurotransmitters reaching the postsynaptic neuron depolarize it’s dendrites
Acetyolcholine and Cholinesterase:
Acetylcholine
> is an excitatory neurotransmitter -> causes depolarization on the postsynaptic neuron by opening Na+ ion channels
Cholinesterase
> destroys acetylcholine free floating and bound to receptors in a synapse
> causes Na+ ion channels to close and repolarization to occur -> neuron can be depolarized again
> not all neurotransmitters may be excitatory, some may be inhibitory -> preventing depolarization
> inhibitory neurotransmitters open more K+ gates, making the inside of the neuron even more negative; hyperpolarized
Summation
> the effect produced by the accumulation of neurotransmitters from two or more neurons
Excitatory and Inhibitory Neurotransmitters:
> both are used by your body to coordinate complex bodily functions
Example: throwing a ball
> excitatory neurotransmitters contract your triceps and inhibitory neurotransmitters relax your bicep, this prevents both muscles from pull against each another
Example: listening to a biology lecture
> excitatory neurotransmitters focus the lecture skills (listening, writing, eye movement, etc)
> inhibitory neurotransmitters suppress non essential information (temperature, pressure from clothes, etc)
> both types of neurotransmitters allow your CNS to prioritize information
Cite this article as: William Anderson (Schoolworkhelper Editorial Team), "Synaptic Transmission," in SchoolWorkHelper, 2019, https://schoolworkhelper.net/synaptic-transmission/.
If we have helped you, please help us fix his smile with your old essays...it takes seconds!
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Syeda Sonia Ali
Syeda Sonia Ali
9 years ago
Can you please describe the role of serotonin transporters (SERT)?
Latricia
Latricia
10 years ago
Its about time smoonee wrote about this. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Holders
From Forge Community Wiki
Holders are a component of vanilla registries representing a registrable value and/or the identifier of that value; they vaguely resemble a vanilla implementation of RegistryObjects, but with substantial semantic and implementation differences. They are used extensively by tags and datapack registries; modders that use these systems should be aware of their functions and caveats.
Datapack registry elements can have reference to HolderSets, which can use tag references to define sets of registry elements.
Holders
Properties of Holders
Holders in general have the following properties:
• A holder may or may not have a key (a ResourceLocation/ResourceKey identifying the holder/value by name)
• A holder may or may not have a value (e.g. a block or a biome)
• A holder may or may not belong to a specific registry instance
• A holder may or may not be a mutable object
• A holder is associated with zero or more tags
Types of Holder
There are three categories of holders: direct holders, standalone reference holders, and intrusive reference holders.
Direct Holders
Direct holders always hold an unregistered value, and never hold a key. Direct holders are generally created when a datapack registry json inline-defines a value in a holder field instead of declaring a reference to another json. Direct holders are immutable records, and never have tags bound to them.
A vanilla example of direct holders being used is in density functions; density functions are often composed of holders of other density functions, but the child functions themselves don't need to be registered, and so many vanilla density functions are created with inline/direct child functions.
Direct holders should not be created for values that must always exist in the registry, or for values whose registry names must be determined at some point.
Reference Holders
Reference holders refer to registered values; they are created with either a key or a value, with the other property being bound to them later in the registration process. Reference holders belong to a specific registry instance and are aware of which registry they belong to (if multiple copies of a registry exist, as is the case for datapack registries, a reference holder is only valid for a single instance of that registry).
Reference holders are mutable and may have tags bound to them.
Standalone Reference Holders
Most holders encountered will be standalone reference holders; they are created with a key, and have a value bound to them later. Each registry has at most one standalone reference holder per key; parsing a reference holder in a datapack registry json computes a holder in the relevant registry if it doesn't already exist.
Standalone reference holders are the means by which datapack registry jsons can refer to each other. They have the following lifecycle:
• A datapack registry json is loaded that refers to another registrable by id, e.g. "minecraft:desert"
• A standalone reference holder is retrieved from the relevant registry via a get-or-create operation
• When a datapack registry json is loaded and fully parsed, a holder for that json is get-or-created and the parsed value is bound to it
• When registries freeze, the get-or-create operation can no longer create new holders. If any reference holders in the registry are not fully bound at this time (with both a key and a value), an error is raised. This will occur if a datapack registry json refers by id to another datapack registry json that does not exist, and is how these references-by-id are validated.
• Whenever tags load, each tag file's TagKey is bound to all reference holders referred to in that tag (this modifiers the holders in-place).
When datagenerating datapack registry jsons with reference holders, any reference holders must be created by the specific registry instances used by the RegistryOps/RegistryAccess used to datagen the jsons, or they will fail to serialize.
Intrusive Reference Holders
Intrusive reference holders are created with a value and have a key bound to them later. Several static registrable types (blocks, items, fluids, entitytypes, and gameevents) create intrusive holders of themselves when constructed, which have a value bound to them once the value is registered.
Intrusive holders and the means of creating them are deprecated by mojang; this seems to be a hack to allow blocks and friends to quickly look up their registry name. Intrusive holders may be removed in future minecraft releases, and should not be used by mods (value->key lookups can be done via a method in the relevant registry, or by creating standalone holders or RegistryObjects to create name-value pairs).
HolderSets
A HolderSet is an indexable set of holders, and is the preferred means by which datapack registrables can refer to other datapack registrables. Vanilla frequently uses holdersets to wire worldgen jsons together, e.g. a structure json has a holderset field for which biomes the structure can spawn in.
Vanilla has two types of holdersets and three json formats; forge expands the holderset serializer to allow additional types of holdersets. A holderset field in a json can accept a single element, a list of elements, a tag ID, or one of forge's special formats, making datapack creation very flexible when holderset fields are used.
{
"a_biome": "desert", // single element holderset
"some_biomes": ["plains", "forest"], // list holderset
"biome_tag": "#is_plains", // tag holderset
"expanded_forge_format": // more on these later
{
"type": "modid:custom_holderset_type",
// additional fields as specified by the type
}
}
Codecs can be created for holdersets to allow holdersets to be read from jsons; however, a holderset codec must be created for each registry holdersets can be made for, e.g. Biome.LIST_OF_LISTS_CODEC is the codec for HolderSet<Biome>.
HolderSets should generally only be serialized when used as components of unsynced (server-only) datapack registry jsons, such as in worldgen features. HolderSets that are serialized without RegistryOps for registry context (including when synced to clients in synced datapack registries, which do not serialize with registry context) will be deserialized as lists of unregistered objects.
Types of HolderSets
Direct HolderSets
Direct HolderSets represent an immutable list of holders. They can be defined in json as single elements or lists of elements (the single element format simply parses as a list holderset with one element in it).
{
"a_biome": "desert", // single element holderset
"some_biomes": ["plains", "forest"], // list holderset
}
Named HolderSets
Named HolderSets represent a tag. Named HolderSets are mutable; they cache a list and a set of holders, and this cache is reset each time tags reload.
{
"biome_tag": "#is_plains", // tag holderset
}
Custom HolderSet Types
Forge expands the holderset codecs to allow additional json formats. Custom holderset serializers can be registered by creating a deferred register for ForgeRegistries.Keys.HOLDER_SET_TYPES, though the builtin types provided by forge should be sufficient for most use cases.
Builtin Custom HolderSet Types
Forge provides four builtin holderset types, allowing for additional set operations and representations in datapack registry jsons. The and, or, and not types are composed of other holdersets, and are therefore potentially mutable as they may be composed of mutable tag holdersets whose values are recalculated after tags reload.
Any
The forge:any holderset type represents the set of all elements of the relevant registry.
{
"biomes":
{
"type": "forge:any"
}
}
And
The forge:and type represents an intersection of other holdersets.
{
"biomes":
{
"type": "forge:and",
"values":
[
// list of holdersets of any format, different formats (string, list, object) can be mixed here
"#is_plains",
"#is_overworld"
]
}
}
Or
The forge:or type represents a union of other holdersets.
{
"biomes":
{
"type": "forge:or",
"values":
[
// list of holdersets of any format, different formats (string, list, object) can be mixed here
"#is_plains",
["swamp", "mangrove_swamp"]
]
}
}
Not
The forge:not type represents the set of all elements in the registry that do not belong to the specified holderset.
{
"biomes":
{
"type": "forge:not",
"value": "#is_plains" // holderset of any format (string, list, or object)
}
} | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Clicky
Everything in moderation, right? It’s a common idiom that outlines the danger of having too much of any good thing. Even seemingly harmless substances can produce some unwanted side effects.
Rhubarb can give you kidney stones, cherry stems and pits contain trace amounts of cyanide (yes, cyanide) and apparently nutmeg oil can leave you tripping balls. But, does CBD require the same level of wariness? With CBD being heralded as the cure-all medicine since the passing of the Farm Bill, it’s worth asking: can you overdose on CBD
Well, no.
Right out of the gate, let’s clear that up. There is no evidence out there that cannabidiol, the non-psychoactive cannabinoid, can cause an overdose.
However, it is still fair to wonder if there could be an adverse reaction to CBD in high doses. The amount of CBD products flying onto the shelves of dispensaries and 7-Elevens alike is formidable. The product has been gaining popularity rapidly, and wholesalers are seemingly eager to cram it into anything and everything. CBD lube, CBD pillowcases, CBD suppositories, you name it. Hell, they’ve even started marketing it for dogs, cats, and horses.
So, with this sudden surge in CBD consumption, it may be time to ask how much is enough, and how much is too much.
Can CBD Be Harmful In Large Doses?
Is It Even Possible For Someone To Overdose On CBD?
The article run by Weedmaps references a 2018 publication from the World Health Organization. The publication serves as an overall review of CBD, from it’s chemical makeup to its potential therapeutic uses and, relevant to the question at hand, its potential dangers.
The WHO publication cites data from an outside study where just under 200 individuals suffering from a rare epileptic disorder were administered CBD on a daily basis. At times, they were given as much as 200mg per kilogram of body weight. For the God-fearing American, that’s just under 100mg per pound.
Just to be clear, that means that a 160-pound individual would, at certain points of the study, be consuming around 15,000mg of CBD every day. Your average CBD gummy will have, perhaps, 25-50mg of CBD in every dose. If you were to eat 15,000mg of CBD in gummy form, your primary fear wouldn’t be an overdose, it would be getting surrounded by a horde of stoned Oompa Loompas shoddily singing to you about the virtues of self-restraint.
The study found that many of the patients consuming the CBD were experiencing very encouraging decreases in the amount of seizures they were having. However, around half of the participants also reported not-so-encouraging affects such as vomiting, convulsions, diarrhea, and excessive sleepiness. Other patients had liver enzyme levels that read up three times what they should be, which can be a sign of impending or ongoing liver failure.
The study was quick to note, though, that there may have been other causes for these side affects, such as a bad reaction between the CBD and the existing seizure medication the patients were taking. It stated that further research will be necessary to determine if CBD was the sole cause of these side affects.
What’s The Verdict?
All in all, it really does come down to being reasonable. Even if CBD overdose isn’t a reality, it could very well be true that excess consumption could leave you with some troubling symptoms. To avoid the likelihood of this happening, some common-sense measures can be taken. You should always educate yourself on the products you’re consuming, CBD-based or otherwise. If you are consuming CBD products in the hopes of alleviating a physical malady of some kind, start slow. Take the recommended dose, give it time, and go from there. If you give CBD the respect that it deserves, it is overwhelmingly likely that it will give you the same.
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User:Jrb3
Just signed in from Pasadena CA, where I live and work.
Professional-level skills: software development, software testing, ExtremeProgramming, computer science,
More than five years experience with: meditation (through Falun Gong), frugality, sustainability, appropriate technology, acappella singing, computer system administration,
Other exposures: practical architecture, software patterns, non-technical editing, public speaking (through ToastMasters). ecology, small business administration, Permaculture, child rearing, organizing and running small non-profit organizations, voluntary simplicity.
Budding interests: teaching non-professional life skills through adult education, setting up software studios for training and earning purposes, green construction of light residential structures.
Joseph Beckenbach 17:54, 2004 Feb 15 (UTC)
Minor contributions to articles on: Falun Gong | WIKI |
Gustav Klimt was an Austrian painter of Symbolism and Art Nouveau movement, born on July 14, 1862 to Ernst Klimt, a gold engraver, and Anna Klimt, at Baumgarten, a small place near Vienna. He had two brothers and four sisters & was the second of the siblings. His childhood struggled with poverty and economic difficulties. Bagging a scholarship in 1876, Gustav Klimt completed his architectural painter training form the Vienna School of Arts and Crafts in 1883. His basic work reflected the elements of conservative training. In the year 1877, his brother, Ernst also joined the Vienna School.
Both the brothers, along with a friend, Franz Matsch formed a great team called the “Company of Artists.” With the help of their teachers, the trio completed the murals for Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna by 1880. Gustav Klimt started his career by painting the ceilings and the other interiors of the tall buildings. Paintings, sketches, and murals formed the major portion of his works, themed mainly around female body. He adored and idolized Hans Makart, the famous history painter of his time. A series of “Allegories and Emblems” was Klimt’s first major success.
Gustav Klimt, for his great dedication and contribution to the paintings in Burgtheatre, was awarded the Golden Order of Merit in the year 1888 from Franz Josef I, the then Emperor of Austria. Klimt became the most prominent member of the University of Vienna and the University of Munich. He met Emilie Floge in 1890 who became his companion for life. Later, in 1892, his practice was seriously affected due to the death of his father and brother and their families’ financial responsibility shifting to him. In 1894, Gustav started painting “Philosophy,” “Medicine,” and “Jurisprudence” for the Great Hall in the University of Vienna, his last public commission. Termed pornographic and heavily criticized, the three paintings were never used. Klimt with some others founded Wiener Secession (Vienna Secession or Vienna Art Nouveau) in 1897 and became its president. He stayed with Secession until 1908.
The peak of Gustav’s career was checkered with a mix of critical reactions and rave reviews. The artist started the use of gold in paintings, such as “Pallas Athene (1898)” and “Judith I (1901).” The most famous works of Klimt in his ‘Golden Phase’ were the “Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I” in 1907, and “The Kiss” in 1907-1908. In 1904, his finest art, “Expectation” and “Fulfillment,” which he created with the help of other fellow artists, was used to adorn the house of the richest Industrialist in Belgium. Gustav Klimt painted many canvases of women wrapped in fur between 1907 and 1909. He was very selective in choosing the subject and the theme of the paintings. He mostly worked at sexually active and erotic pieces, which unleashed his sexual interest in women.
In the year 1911, his painting, “Death and Life (1911)” was awarded the best painting at the World Exhibition in Rome. His mother, Anna, died in 1915 and 3 years later, on February 6, 1918, Gustav Klimt breathed his last at Vienna, Austria, due to pneumonia and stroke. He left many of his paintings unfinished. Some of his paintings have fetched record-breaking prices, for instance, “Landhaus am Attersee” was sold for $29.13 million, and “Adele Bloch-Bauer I (1907)” commanded a hefty $135 million. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Talk:New Siberian Islands
2 distinct groups of islands
My world atlas shows 2 distinct groups of Novosibirskiye Ostrova (New Siberian Islands) - the group described here, and another group midway between these and Novoya Zemla. Are they be called East and West, or should they all be grouped together in this article? Bards 21:22, 31 January 2007 (UTC)
* This is now resolved. Although my atlas shows the name "Novosibirskiye Ostrova" for both groups of islands, Wikipedia has already classified the western group as Severnaya Zemlya. I have therefore used that name for the category aswell. Bards 22:43, 31 January 2007 (UTC)
Dwarf Alder Shrubs
wow, I am truly suprised by reading that evidence of previous vegitaion was found 3 degrees farther North than previously ever discovered, this would kind of support my theory that the earth's axis has changed over time! —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:30, 5 November 2007 (UTC)
* According to Makeyev et al. (2003), there is nothing at all significant about finding fossil Alnus spp.in the New Siberian islands. During the last 15,000 years, alder (Alnus fruticosa) occupied the New Siberian Islands for only a brief period of time, from 12,200 to 12,500 BP (radiocarbon), when the climate became increasingly humid with a moderated continental climate characterized by winter air temperatures warmer than before (Makeyev et al. (2003). This caused the existing glacial so-called "tundrasteppe" landscape to be replaced by shrub and dwarf-shrub birch species (Betula cf. Tortuosa, B. exilis), as well as willow (Salix spp.) and alder shrubs (Alnus frutocosa) as part of an underbrush birch tundra. This warming was part of the Bølling Oscillation (Interstadial), a rather typical period of warmer interstadial climate unrelated to any shifts in the Earth's axis. Active thermokarst erosion; formation of lakes and swamps; and the beginning of peat accumulations provide further evidence of slightly warmer climates during this period. The return to colder glacial climate at the end of the Bølling Oscillation (Interstadial) caused the alder and other shrubs to be replaced by sedge-Artemisia grass associations close in composition to the previous glacial ‘‘tundrasteppes’’. However, this period of glacial climate, which lasted until 10,000 BP (radiocarbon), was much milder (warmer) than the glacial climate before 12,500 BP (radiocarbon)(Makeyev et al. (2003). Paul H. (talk) 04:43, 21 May 2008 (UTC)
* Reference cited:
* Makeyev, V.M., D.P. Ponomareva, V.V. Pitulko, G.M. Chernova and D.V. Solovyeva, 2003, Vegetation and Climate of the New Siberian Islands for the past 15,000 Years. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 56-66.
* Additional note: Andreev et al. (2004) dated the sediments containing Baron von Toll's alder wood to the last, Kazantsevo (Eemian), Interglacial Epoch about 114 to 130 thousand years ago. Quantitative pollen-based climate reconstruction made by Andreev et al. (2004) estimate that the mean July temperatures within the New Siberian Islands were 4–5°C higher than the present during the Eemian Interglacial. Given their age and association with what was only one of many interglacial epochs, it is unnecessary to invoke a shift of the Earth's axis to explain the presence of alder trees within the New Siberian Islands. It is interesting that neither Makeyev et al. (2003) nor Andreev et al. (2004) observed any of the 15-foot high alder trees reported by Baron von Toll during their detailed investigations. Paul H. (talk) 16:21, 21 May 2008 (UTC)
* References Cited:
* Andreev, A.A., G. Grosse, L. Schirrmeister, S.A. Kuzmina, E. Y. Novenko, A.A. Bobrov, P.E. Tarasov, B.P. Ilyashuk, T.V. Kuznetsova, M. Krbetschek, H. Meyer, and V.V. Kunitsky, 2004, Late Saalian and Eemian palaeoenvironmental history of the Bol’shoy Lyakhovsky Island (Laptev Sea region, Arctic Siberia). Boreas. vol. 33, pp. 319–348.
* Makeyev et al. (2003) - see above.
Division of the Skaha Republic
Which ulus(sp?) or division of the Skaha Republic are the New Siberian Islands in? I feel as if the islands are included with Ust Yansky, Allaikhovsky, and/or Nizhnekolymsky. The best internet resources tell me nothing. Can someone help me out? Thanks.CharlesRobertCountofNesselrode 14:07, 28 April 2007 (UTC)
* As far as I know, the New Siberian Islands are considered to be a natural reserve zone directly under jurisdiction of the Sakha Republic (i.e., their territory is not a part of any ulus). Unfortunately, I don't have any sources available at the moment to back that claim.—Ëzhiki (Igels Hérissonovich Ïzhakoff-Amursky) • (yo?); 17:41, 30 April 2007 (UTC)
* Are regions directly administered by the Republic given a special name? Is there any name for the political division that those islands are in that is more specific than 'Skaha Republic'? Also, what do you make of the US claim to three of the DeLong Islands?CharlesRobertCountofNesselrode 23:42, 1 May 2007 (UTC)
* Administrative structure of each Russian federal subject is that federal subject's internal matter. Usually, territories with special status have a name, but not in case with Sakha (yes, I find it strange, too). The law of the Sakha Republic "On Administrative and Territorial Structure" does not mention its island territories at all, unlike, say, Arkhangelsk Oblast, which administers Franz Josef Land, Novaya Zemlya, and Victoria Island in a similar fashion. I did a bit of research after having read your note above, and all pieces of Sakha's legislature seem to deal with the islands as a nature reserve administered directly by the republic. Also, no ulus Charter lists the islands as a territory in jurisdiction of any of the uluses.
* As for the DeLong Islands claim, I'm afraid I can't offer you much insight as I am not very familiar with that topic.—Ëzhiki (Igels Hérissonovich Ïzhakoff-Amursky) • (yo?); 12:05, 2 May 2007 (UTC)
Population??
There is no permanent population on these islands, since they are a part of a nature reserve.—Ëzhiki (Igels Hérissonovich Ïzhakoff-Amursky) • (yo?); July 5, 2013; 13:17 (UTC)
* In September 2014, the Russian Navy reestablished a Soviet base which had laid abandoned since 1993.[5]<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 02:46, 7 June 2018 (UTC)
* If there is a naval base there, there has to be some population, however small.<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 02:46, 7 June 2018 (UTC)
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External links modified (February 2018)
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I have just modified one external link on New Siberian Islands. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
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Strawberry Wine
Strawberry Wine may refer to:
* A fruit wine made from strawberries
* "Strawberry Wine" (Deana Carter song), 1996
* "Strawberry Wine" (My Bloody Valentine song), 1987
* "Strawberry Wine", a song by The Band from the 1970 album Stage Fright
* "Strawberry Wine", a song by Ryan Adams from the 2005 album 29
* "Strawberry Wine (Life Is Sweet)", a song by Pat Benatar from the 1997 album Innamorata
* Strawberry Wine, a 1966 jazz album by Mike Wofford
* Strawberry Wine, a 2022 song by Noah Kahan | WIKI |
Farid Sid
Farid Sid (born 27 March 1979) is a French rugby union player. His plays on the wing for USA Perpignan in the Top 14. He began his career with home-town club Perpignan and moved to Colomiers in 2003. He spent a season with Colomiers and then transferred to Brive, where he spent four seasons. He returned to USA Perpignan in 2008, helping them to the Bouclier de Brennus in 2009.
Honours
* Top 14 Champion – 2008–09 | WIKI |
Page:A dictionarie of the French and English tongues - Cotgrave - 1611.djvu/635
Minuté: m. ée: f. Minished, impaired, made little; abated; disabled; also, drawne, or whereof a draught is made (in writing;) also, deuised, cast, or concluded on, as the first proiect of a designe.
Minuter. To minish, diminish, impaire, lessen, or make little; to disable, or abate; also, to draw, or make a draught of, an Instrument in writing; and hence also, to deuise, cast, or lay the first proiect of a designe. Minuter ses papiers de raisons. To cast, make vp; reduce to a head, his (stragling) accounts.
Mioche: f. A crumme, scrap, small fragment, or mammocke of.
Mioler. To mew, or crie like a cat.
Mi-panché: m. ée: f. Halfe bowed, halfe declining, halfe hanging, downewards.
Miparti: m. ie: f. Parted in the middest, or into (equall) halues. La Chambre mipartie. Looke Chambre. Mipartir. To part in the middest, or into halues; to diuide into two equall parts.
Mipotence. en m. Made, or fashioned, like a halfe gibbet; crooked, or bent into the forme of th' vpper part of a gibbet; as a tenter-hooke, &c.
Mique. A kind of hastie pudding.
Miquelot: m. A Pilgrim to S. Michaells Mount; also, a poore, pettie, vagabond Pedler, that with a spritstaffe crosses from place to place, to vtter small trifles, which he carries along with him in boxes.
Mirabolan: m. A Mirabolan plumme; Looke Myrabolan. Mirach: m. Th' outward lower part of the bellie, couering all th' intraills: ¶Arabesque: ¶Rab. Miracle: m. A miracle; a maruellous, or monstrous thing. Il n'est miracle que de vieux saincts: Prov. We doe not credit reports, or miracles of a fresh date; Antiquitie is reuerend, and of awfull authoritie.
Miracleur: m. A doer of miracles.
Miraclifique: com. Wonder-working.
Miraculeusement. Miraculously, wonderfully.
Miraculeux: m. euse: f. Miraculous, wonderfull, maruelous, monstrous, beyond nature, past common vnderstanding.
Miraillet: m. A Thornebacke which hath on either of her sides, or finnes, a great eye-like spot; (a hard, and vnwholesome fish.)
Miraillier: m. A looking-glasse-maker.
Miraillier: m. Of a looking glasse.
Miraine: f. Oake of Jerusalem, Oake of Paradise: ¶Savoyard. Miramomelin: m. A Lord ouer Lords; an Arabian word vsed in some old French Authors.
Mire: m. A Physitian, Leech, Chirurgian. Il n'a plus besoing de mire. He hath no longer need, he hath no further vse, of a Physitian; viz. he is dead. Debonnaire mire fait playe puante: Prov. A gentle Chirurgian makes a stinking sore. Qui veut la guarison du mire il luy convient tout son mal dire: Prov. He that lookes to be cur'd must all his ill discouer.
Mire: f. The leuell, or little button at th' end, of a Peece; also, the tuske of a wild Boare.
Miré: m. ée: f. Aimed, leuelled at; looked, viewed, beheld through; watched, pried into, neerely, obserued; also, long-tusked, full-tushed, as a full-growne Boare.
Mirecoton: m. The delicate yellow Peach, called a Melicotonie.
Mirelicoton. as Mirecoton. Mirelifique: com. Exceeding wonderfull, passing admirable, horribly excellent (a word of ironicall commendation, or amplification.)
Mirelifiques: f. Toyes, bables; trickes to mocke Apes, or amaze infants with.
Mirer. To aime, or leuell at; to looke, view, regard, obserue, prie into, behold through, or throughly. Se mirer. To looke in a glasse; to looke on, or into, himselfe; also, to take notice of, or example by. Dieu le vous mire. God restore it you, or reward you for it. Dame qui trop se mire peu file: Pro. She that looks too much at her selfe lookes too little to her selfe. Qui bien se mire bien se void: Qui bien se void bien se cognoist; Qui bien se cognoist peu se prise; Qui peu se prise Dieu l'avise: Prov. Mires d'vn sanglier. His tuskes, or tushes.
Miriade: f. A Miriade; ten thousand.
Mirifique: com. Strangely wrought, maruellously acted, admirably done.
Mirlirot. as Melilot: ¶Parisien. Mirloret: m. A neat, spruce, quaint, compt fellow.
Miroaillier: m. A looking-glasse maker.
Miroir: m. A Myrror, a looking glasse; also, an instrument wherewith Chirurgians dilate the parts which be naturally hollow (as the mouth, fundament, &c,) when they haue occasion to looke into the bottome, or depth, of them. Miroir d'Asne. A white transparent stone, (or congealed humor of the earth) vsed in old time in stead of glasse, (farre better then which) it indures th' extremities of heat and frosts, without breaking. Miroir de nostre Dame. as Miroir d'Asne. Le bay à miroir. A dapled bay. Pierre à miroir. A light, white, and transparent stone, easily cleft into thinne flakes, and vsed by th' Arabians (among whom it growes) in stead of glasse; anights it represents the Moone, and euer increases, or decreases, as the Moone doth. Il n'y a meilleur miroir que le vieil ami: Prov. An old friend an excellent looking-glasse.
Miroitier: m. A looking-glasse maker.
Mirond: m. de: f. Semicirculer, halfe round.
Mirouaillier. as Miroaillier. Mirouaillier: m. ere: f. Often looking, euer prying, into a glasse.
Mirouer. as Miroir. Mirtil. A Mirtill berrie; also, a Salamander, or deafe worme.
Mis: m. ise: f. Put; set, layed; placed, pitched, planted, situated, grounded; thrust into; also, brought, reduced, sent. Mis en cueilleur de pommes. Tucked vp like an apple-gatherer, dressed like an apple-squire; in base, poore, or beggerlie array. Mis à la pile, ou, au verjus. Trounst, courst.
Misaille: f. A lay, a wager.
Misaine: f. The foresaile of a ship.
Misanthrope: m. A hater of mens companie: ¶Rab.
Mise: f. Expence, disbursement, money layed out, or the laying out of money; also, a chapter, or title of expences in an accompt; also, a price offered, or laied downe; also, the currantnesse, or goodnesse of coyne. Mise de faict. A iudiciall putting into possession, for the preseruation of the true owners right. Folle mise. So much as one hath bidden more then another, or former, chapman; which he is bound to pay if th' other refuse the thing in bargaine. | WIKI |
Lee Seung-hyo
Lee Seung Hyo (born 5 May 1980), is a South Korean actor. He debuted as an actor in 2006. He rose to fame as Kim Alcheon in Queen Seon Deok.
Biography
He had military service as a sniper in Joint Security Area (JSA) from December 2000 until February 2003. He graduated from Chungju National University and is attending Chung-Ang University Graduate School of Arts, majoring in Performance & Visual Media.
Personal life
On February 12, 2022, Lee confirmed that he will get married in Seoul on March 1, 2022. His fiancé is Jung Hye-ri, the younger sister of actor Jung Tae-woo, who is 4 years younger than him.
Television dramas
* Rookie Historian Goo Hae-ryung (MBC, 2019)
* Six Flying Dragons (SBS, 2015)
* Full House Take 2 (TBS/SBS Plus, 2012)
* God of War (MBC, 2012)
* Indomitable Daughters-in-Law (MBC, 2011)
* The Peak (MBC, 2011)
* KBS Drama Special "Hair Show" (KBS2, 2011)
* Legend of the Patriots (KBS, 2010)
* Queen Seondeok (MBC, 2009)
* Two Wives (SBS, 2009)
* Strongest Chil Woo (KBS, 2008)
* Dae Jo-yeong (KBS1, 2007)
* Drama City (KBS2, 2006)
Music videos
* M To M – "I'm Sorry" [from the single The Soul of Men] (2010)
* "Friends" [from the Legend of the Patriots OST] (2010)
Awards
* 2011 Asia Jewelry Awards - Ruby Award
* 2009 MBC Drama Awards - Best New Actor (Queen Seondeok) | WIKI |
Rocket 88 (disambiguation)
"Rocket 88" is a 1951 rhythm and blues song recorded by "Jackie Brenston and his Delta Cats"; the "Delta Cats" were actually Ike Turner and his Kings of Rhythm.
Rocket 88 may also refer to:
* Oldsmobile 88 models with a Rocket V8 engine
* Rocket 88 (band), British boogie-woogie band active in the late 1970s and early 1980s
* Rocket 88 (album), 1981 live album by the band Rocket 88
* Mitch Woods and His Rocket 88's, American "rock-a-boogie" band active since the early 1980s
* RS-88, rocket engine | WIKI |
Rendering Collections Reading
1. Use the collection keyword with partials
2. Pass a collection to the render method
3. Handle empty collections
Overview
Up until now our only way to render collections was somewhat manually. We could iterate over an array and render the partial for each object in the array. Let's see how Rails can abstract this into a nicer syntax.
Lesson
Make sure you run rake db:seed before you test out the app in your browser. Because this lesson focuses on using the collection keyword with partials, we've hard-coded in the connection between authors and posts. In the posts controller create action, we link the newly created post with the first author in the database.
Rendering Collections
Currently, our posts#index view is manually rendering the partial in a loop.
<% @posts.each do |post| %>
<%= render :partial => "post", {:locals => {:post => post}} %>
<% end %>
Rails offers a great way to render a collection using a partial by passing the collection option to the render method.
<%= render :partial => "post", :collection => @posts %>
Our code is tighter and both more abstract and more clear. Another even more abstract method Rails gives us to do this is passing an array directly to the render method.
<%= render @posts %>
This approach is a bit more abstract. Under the hood Rails uses the convention that you will have a partial with the name of the models in the collection. Rails will even render a collection of heterogeneous models ([customer, order, customer]) calling the correct partial for each one.
Empty Collections
What happens if the collection you pass to your render call is empty? If you don't handle this exception the render method will return nil and nothing will appear on the screen. A useful trick is to use the || operator to print something to the screen to alert the user to this.
<%= render(@posts) || "There are no blog posts!" %>
Note: When dealing with an empty collection, you'll need to use () to wrap that collection.
Conclusion
As always, Rails has tried to abstract commonly used functionality into more terse and implicit code. Experiment with these tricks in the upcoming lab.
Video Review
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Without a sound grasp of database internal, you are bound to misuse it.
Writing an SQL which runs, and does it job, but without setting the proper index in the database may work in development, but work very poorly in production, effectively killing you database, and causing bottle-necks.
Identifying a bottle-neck in itself needs a knowledgeable person, since you might (falsely) say - well I've reached the capacity of my DB server, I just need to scale it up... which translates to money lost, and a very short-term solution.
Large-scale DB-oriented projects often have a full-time DBA, whose job was to work with the system architect on the database schema, and going over all the developers' queries, fixing them or adding indices where needed.
In smaller projects, a team might depend on its own developer's competence for this. This means that you should be able to understand the major guidelines and caveats for using and misusing your database.
If you work in a team, you might want to depend on a team member who is more knowledgeable in the database arena than you, and let him review your SQL queries, and help you design them.
Developers today are expected to be intimately familiar with many technologies, from SQL, noSQL, OS, Web Engines, Mobile, etc. and it is relatively easy to achieve a working prototype in any of these to give a developer the illusion of proficiency, until the same code is faced with production environment, where the true complexity of technology is revealed... you better be prepared! | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Mercedes Benz C200 For Sale in Namibia
Mercedes Benz C200 For Sale in Namibia
What is Mercedes Benz C200?
The 2021 Mercedes-Benz C200 EDITION C is a rear wheel drive four-door sedan that was released to the Australian market on 01/10/2020 classified as a W205 MY21.
Mercedes Benz C200 For Sale in Namibia
Brand new and used Mercedes-Benz C Class for sale in Namibia. Mercedes-Benz C Class dealers, garages, prices, values & deals.
Frequently Asked Questions
How much is a Mercedes C200 worth?
Price List – MERCEDES-BENZ C-CLASS Series
ModelPrice
MERCEDES-BENZ C-CLASS C200 COUPE AMG LINE 9G-TRONICR914,813.00
MERCEDES-BENZ C-CLASS C300 COUPE AMG LINE 9G-TRONICR1,051,563.00
MERCEDES-BENZ C-CLASS C200 CABRIOLET AMG LINE 9G-TRONICR1,064,332.00
MERCEDES-BENZ C-CLASS C220D COUPE AMG LINE DSL 4MATIC 9G-TRONICR957,200.00
How much is a brand new C200?
The Mercedes-Benz C200 is available from $78,900 to $109,870 for the 2023 range of models in Convertible, Coupe and Sedan body types.
Is Mercedes C200 reliable?
In our most recent reliability survey, the diesel-engined Mercedes C-Class finished 23rd out of 26 cars in the executive car class. The petrol-engined models finished in 17th place. A third of C-Classes went wrong, according to owners, who reported a wide range of issues.
Is Mercedes C200 petrol or diesel?
petrol
The C200 is now powered by a 1.5-litre petrol engine that’s turbocharged but augmented further by a 48-volt starter motor that can add additional power and torque when you plant your right foot. It has a small battery pack that stores energy when you brake.
Is C200 expensive to maintain?
Along with the entry-level A-Class, C-Class Mercedes models are on the affordable end compared to other cars by the brand. However, they are still expensive to maintain compared to other brands on the market. As you’d expect, repair costs increase as you move up the model line.
Which is more expensive C200 or C300?
Price and features. Initially, there are two sedan versions of the new W206 series C-Class on offer – the base C200 from $78,900 before on-road costs, and the more-powerful C300 grade from just over $90,400 before ORC. There’s no sugar coating this.
What engine does a C200 have?
2.0L TURBO 4 engine
The C200 is a rear wheel drive 4 door with 5 seats, powered by a 2.0L TURBO 4 engine that has 150 kW of power (at 5800 rpm) and 300 Nm of torque (at 1800 rpm) via a Nine-speed Automatic G-Tronic.
How long does C200 last?
Just like any other car, a Mercedes-Benz C-Class can easily last an average of 175,000 miles with the proper care and maintenance.
Is Mercedes C200 fuel efficient?
The Mercedes Benz C200 has admirable features such as economical fuel consumption, stability at high speeds and high speed pick-up when you accelerate. I also love the fact that it is affordable to service and maintain.
Which is better C300 or C200?
Sure, the C300 is quicker thanks to 25 percent more engine capacity, but the C200 is still swift, remarkably so and a credit to the acceleration and speed and economy that Mercedes has drawn from a 1.5 litre; it’s not difficult to perceive the 1.5 as a 2.0. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
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How to Use HTTP Proxy with Request Module in Python
How to Use HTTP Proxy with Request Module in Python
Download Python Script
Send download link to:
Using effective HTTP proxy is essential for any web scraping project. When scraping the websites to grab large amount of data, using proxies is an absolute must.
A common problem faced by web scrapers is getting blocked by websites while scraping them. There are many techniques to prevent getting blocked, like
• Rotating IP addresses
• Using Proxies
Using proxies and rotating IP addresses in combination with rotating user agents can help you get scrapers past most of the anti-scraping measures and prevent being detected as a scraper.
The concept of rotating IP addresses while web scraping is simple – you can make it look to the website that you are not a single ‘bot’ or a person accessing the website, but multiple ‘real’ users accessing the website from multiple locations. If you do it right, the chances of getting blocked are minimal.
What is a proxy?
A proxy is a third party server that enables you to route your request through their servers and use their IP address in the process. When using a proxy, the website to which you are making the request to, no longer sees your device’s IP address but the IP address of the proxy, giving you the ability to scrape the web anonymously and avoid getting blocked.
How to Send Requests Through a Proxy in Python 3 using Requests
There are many websites dedicated to providing free proxies on the internet. One such site is https://free-proxy-list.net/. Let’s go there and pick a proxy that supports https. Pick any working proxy from this website and put in below code. Keep in mind that since these proxies are free, it expires quickly and may not support to run below code multiple times.
import requests
url = 'https://httpbin.org/ip'
proxies = {
"http":'http://203.190.46.62:8080',
"https":'https://111.68.26.237:8080'
}
response = requests.get(url,proxies=proxies)
print(response.json())
Output:
Rotating Requests Through a Pool of Proxies in Python 3
We’ll gather a list of some active proxies from https://free-proxy-list.net/. You can also use private proxies if you have access to them.
import requests
from lxml.html import fromstring
def get_proxies():
url = 'https://free-proxy-list.net/'
response = requests.get(url)
parser = fromstring(response.text)
proxies = set()
for i in parser.xpath('//tbody/tr')[:100]:
if i.xpath('.//td[7][contains(text(),"yes")]'):
#Grabbing IP and corresponding PORT
proxy = ":".join([i.xpath('.//td[1]/text()')[0], i.xpath('.//td[2]/text()')[0]])
proxies.add(proxy)
return proxies
get_proxies()
output:
proxies = get_proxies()
Now that we have the list of HTTP Proxy IP Addresses in variable proxies, we’ll go ahead and rotate it using a Round Robin method
import requests
from itertools import cycle
#If you are copy pasting proxy ips, put in the list below
#proxies = ['121.129.127.209:80', '124.41.215.238:45169', '185.93.3.123:8080', '194.182.64.67:3128', '106.0.38.174:8080', '163.172.175.210:3128', '13.92.196.150:8080']
proxies = get_proxies()
proxy_pool = cycle(proxies)
url = 'https://httpbin.org/ip'
for i in range(1,10):
#Get a proxy from the pool
proxy = next(proxy_pool)
print("Request #%d"%i)
try:
response = requests.get(url,proxies={"http": proxy, "https": proxy})
print(response.json())
except:
#Most free proxies will often get connection errors. You will have retry the entire request using another proxy to work.
#We will just skip retries as its beyond the scope of this tutorial and we are only downloading a single url
print("Skipping. Connnection error")
Output: | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Squinting is a risk sign in children
When babies are born they still have to learn how to see. In the beginning, it is often difficult for them to properly coordinate the movement of both eyes and to fix objects. That’s why babies squint sometimes. If strabismus occurs temporarily in the first few months, this is no cause for concern. It is properly the so-called baby squint. But parents should pay attention on how the squint develops – does it occur less or does the child still squint?
different forms of strabismus
Vigilance is required if a child squints at six months of age
It is advisable to go to an ophthalmologist with children, who are still squinting after six months of age – especially if even the parents have a vision disorder or had one in their childhood. In most ophthalmic practices there are vision schools where specially trained ophthalmologists are working. Christa Kampf is such an orthoptist who has been examining children in an ophthalmic practice since the 1970s and treats their vision disorders. She says: “Up to the age of eight months temporary strabismus can still be normal – after that no more.”
Connection between strabismus and ametropia
It may happen that there is a big difference in the refractive power of both eyes (anisometropia) and one eye has a significantly better vision than the other. Christa Kampf explains, that this can also be related to strabismus: “If one eye has no vision, it eventually falls into rest position. That’s why it happens – sometimes at a later age – that a child suddenly starts to squint.” This can also occur with a high hyperopia.
If strabismus remains untreated, amblyopia can occur
If squinting is not treated, amblyopia develops in 90% of the cases. If this amblyopia is not treated in time, it remains for the rest of life. The amblyopia of the eye results in poor vision, which cannot be compensated by glasses. This is the result of not using one eye. The keen-seeing eye is preferred when squinting gives double vision to the brain or when an eye delivers blurred images due to a refractive error. So it can happen that an actually healthy eye is simply switched off. Spatial vision cannot develop properly, for this the child has to learn to have binocular vision.
Preventive eye care offers best treatment opportunities – start with an amblyopia screening at the pediatrician’s office.
“The sooner a vision disorder is treated, the better amblyopia can be treated or even prevented.” Spatial vision can still be learned, because the learning ability is highest in infants and early childhood and most vision disorders are easily correctable. The prerequisite is that the vision disorder is detected in time, which ideally is in the first two years of life, because visual acuity develops during this time. A good opportunity for the early detection of vision disorders is the amblyopia screening, which is offered by numerous pediatric practices and reimbursable by many health insurances. The pediatrician receives objective measurement results, which are compared with the normal values of the age group. This is possible at the early age of five months. Children whose measured values differ from the normal values in the age group and whose results are “suspicious” should be referred to an ophthalmologist.
For more information about preventive eye care, click: https://www.visionscreening.org/de/home
For more information about the Plusoptix Vision Screener, click: https://plusoptix.com/en/vision-screener/landing
Leave a Reply
Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked * | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
We found 0 providers with an interest in diabetes and who accept HealthSmart near El Cajon, CA.
Insurance
What is Diabetes?
Diabetes mellitus, or simply 'diabetes,' is a disease where levels of sugar in the blood become dangerously high. When food is eaten, the body converts it into a form of sugar called glucose that can be used by cells in the body for energy. An organ called the pancreas secretes a hormone called insulin that acts like a key, ‘unlocking’ cell walls so that glucose can be absorbed and used. When something in this process goes wrong, and glucose builds up to dangerous levels, diabetes happens.
There are a couple of different types of diabetes, depending on what is causing glucose levels to rise.
Type 1 diabetes happens when the pancreas produces little or no insulin. Usually diagnosed in childhood, this type used to be called juvenile diabetes. It affects about 5% of all diabetics. We don’t know what causes the pancreas to shut down, but it is thought that a virus might trigger an immune reaction, where the body attacks and destroys the pancreas by mistake. People who have relatives with type 1 diabetes are more likely to have it themselves.
Type 2 diabetes happens when the cell walls do not recognize the insulin produced very well, called insulin resistance. The pancreas can still produce insulin, but it is not effective at lowering blood sugar levels. This type of diabetes is strongly linked to being overweight. However, not everyone who is overweight will get type 2 diabetes, and not everyone who has type 2 diabetes is overweight. Other risk factors include age, race, and a family history of diabetes.
Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that happens in the last half of pregnancy. Women with gestational diabetes generally do not have diabetes before or after they are pregnant. The placenta produces hormones that block the action of insulin in the mother’s body. For about 18% of women, their pancreas cannot produce enough insulin to keep up with the increased demands and they become diabetic while pregnant. High blood sugar levels can be dangerous to the developing fetus, causing complications such as high birth weight, low blood sugar and jaundice, so it is important to treat gestational diabetes even if it only lasts a few weeks.
Many people currently living with diabetes do not know it yet, since mild diabetes has few or no symptoms. As blood sugar levels rise over time, symptoms begin to appear. Some include:
• thirst
• fatigue
• frequent urination
• unexplained weight loss
• blurred vision
A simple blood test in the doctor’s office can diagnose diabetes.
Treatment depends on the type and severity of diabetes. Most people with type 1 diabetes rely on insulin injections to survive. Some people with type 2 or gestational diabetes also take insulin, or they may take oral medications or control their blood sugar with diet and exercise. It’s important for all diabetics to monitor their blood sugar daily so they can stay healthy.
If diabetes is not treated well, it can be dangerous, damaging the eyes, nerves, and kidneys, and leading to heart disease and the loss of limbs. However, if it is well managed, diabetes does not have to limit your life. Keeping diabetes under good control is the best way to enjoy a long and healthy life.
Selecting a checkbox option will refresh the page. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Janice Okoh
Janice Okoh is a British playwright and screenwriter.
Early life
Okoh is from Lewisham. Before becoming a playwright, she worked as a teacher.
Career
Her first play, Egusi Soup was produced in 2012 by Menagerie Theatre/Soho Theatre. In 2011 Okoh won the Bruntwood Prize for Playwriting for her play Three Birds (which would be produced in 2013), which she entered under a pseudonym Ebenezer Foot. The play was also short-listed for the Verity Bargate Award and the Alfred Fagon Award.
Okoh's play The Gift (2020) tells the story of the Egbado princess Sarah Bonetta who was given to Queen Victoria as a gift, and raised as her god-daughter. The play opened at the Belgrade Theatre, Coventry in January 2020 before moving on to the Theatre Royal Stratford East. It was a finalist for the Susan Smith Blackburn Prize. She has also written for radio, including an adaptation of Malorie Blackman’s Noughts & Crosses.
Okoh has also written for television, contributing episodes of Doctors, Hetty Feather and On the Edge . She joined the writing team for series 2 of ITV's Sanditon.
Stage plays
* Top Brass. Theatre 503, 2010.
* Egusi Soup. Nick Hern, 2012.
* Three Birds, 2013.
* The Gift, 2020.
Radio plays
* Carnival. Aired on BBC Radio R, 2010.
* Reunion. Aired on BBC Radio 4 Extra, 2011.
* Noughts & Cross. Aired on BBC Radio 4, 2014.
* Silk: The Clerks Room. Aired on BBC Radio 4, 2014.
* The Awakening. Aired on BBC Radio 4, 2014.
* The Heart of a Woman. Aired on BBC Radio 4, 2015.
* Red Earth, Red Sky. Aired on BBC Radio 4. 2019.
* Half of a Yellow Sun. Aired on BBC Radio 4, 2020.
* Cane. Aired on BBC Radio 4, 2020. | WIKI |
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 101 Part 1.djvu/308
101 STAT. 278 10 USC 2322.
PUBLIC LAW 100-26—APR. 21, 1987
* ]<! (6) Section 2322(b) is amended by striking out "two years" and
all that follows and inserting in lieu thereof "on January 17, -m 1987". (7)(A) Section 2328 (as added by section 954(a) of the Defense Acquisition Improvement Act) is amended— (i) in subsection (a)(1)— (I) by striking out "technical data to a person requesting such a" and inserting in lieu thereof "such technical data to the person requesting the"; and (II) by striking out "search and duplication" and •rfo inserting in lieu thereof "search, duplication, and 0 review"; (ii) by striking out "DISPOSITION OF COSTS" in subsection (b) and inserting in lieu thereof "CREDITING OF RECEIPTS"; and (iii) by striking out "section 552(a)(4)(A)" in subsection (c)(3) and inserting in lieu thereof "section 552(a)(4)(A)(iii)". (B)(i) The heading of such section is amended to read as follows: "§ 2328. Release of technical data under Freedom of Information Act: recovery of costs". (ii) The item relating to such section in the table of sections at the beginning of chapter 137 is amended to read as follows: "2328. Release of technical data under Freedom of Information Act: recovery of costs.".
(8) The heading of chapter 138 is amended to read as follows:
"CHAPTER 138—ACQUISITION AND CROSS-SERVICING AGREEMENTS WITH NATO ALLIES AND OTHER COUNTRIES". 10 USC 2364.
State and local governments.
(9) Section 2364(c) (as added by section 234(c) of the Defense Authorization Act) is amended— (A) by striking out "a decision" in paragraph (2) and inserting in lieu thereof "the decision"; (B) by striking out "[a]/[the] selection by an appropriate official of the Department of Defense o f in paragraph (3) and inserting in lieu thereof "the decision by an appropriate official of the Department of Defense selecting"; and (C) by striking out "approval by an appropriate official of the Department of Defense for" in paragraph (4) and inserting in lieu thereof "the decision by an appropriate official of the Department of Defense approving". (10) Subsection (d) of section 3036 (as amended by section 922 of Public Law 99-662) is amended— (A) by designating the first sentence as paragraph (1); (B) by designating the second sentence as paragraph (2); and (C) by Striking out "United States" and all that follows in such subsection and inserting in lieu thereof the following: "United States or to a State or political subdivision of a State. The Chief of Engineers may provide any part of those services by con-
� | WIKI |
PDA
View Full Version : PC Audio Lag
Trixmallone
10-01-2012, 04:42 PM
Hi All,
Recently tried the PC version, but am experiencing audio lag. I understand that its the beta, so am happy to wait until release to see if things improve, but was wondering if any of you guys are having similar problems, and what I could do to fix it. MY PC is well over the recommended specs, so i doubt that's the problem. I've seen "ASIO4ALL" mentioned, but wouldn't have a clue what to do with it.
Any advice? Thanks in advance
Dave
Edit: I'm not sure if this is just me, but it seems like there is no lag when first playing, but after 30 mins or so I start hearing it. Very strange :S
FruitCakeRonin
10-01-2012, 07:25 PM
if it only happens after 30 min, maybe something on your computer is causing a slowdown. Do you have little space on your hard drive or a lot of programs running in the background ?
I think Asio4All is an audio driver that lets you use a guitar to record to your PC. And you need that installed to use the Real Tone cable with other audio software, thats probably why you've seen it mentioned. But you could try installing it and seeing if it makes any difference, I for one you be interested in that.
Trixmallone
10-01-2012, 08:41 PM
Hi, thanks for the response.
Yeah, I looked a bit more into the ASIO4ALL and you're right, its for using the cable with other programs. My computers recently been formatted and its running nice and smooth, and I'm running with nothing else loaded. I'm starting to think the lag after 30mins or so is just my perception, and it's always there and just gets more irritating over time :S
I'm not sure what the issue is, but I'll keep having a dig into it and if I find out what it is I'll be sure to post.
usersrdum
10-01-2012, 09:22 PM
Here is a link to setup of audio for PC. Go to page 40 for the PC setup stuff.
http://cdn.steampowered.com/Manuals/205190/manual_Win32_ENG.PDF?t=1348792207
Trixmallone
10-01-2012, 11:03 PM
Thanks for the link. I've gone through it and it has helped drastically. It's still not quite as good as my xbox, but definitely playable. A shame I can't get it spot on though, as it can be a little distracting :)
I'll keep having a quick fiddle with the settings and see if I can get it sorted, but if not I'll wait and see if the problem goes on the final release before I start tearing my hair out over it.
Thanks again for your help | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
-- U.S. Northwest Gasoline Strengthens on Work at BP Oil Refinery
Gasoline in the U.S. Northwest rose
to the highest level in nine days after BP Plc reported
electrical maintenance on two gas compressors and flaring from a
third unit at the Cherry Point refinery in Washington state. Conventional, 87-octane gasoline in Portland , Oregon ,
strengthened 2.25 cents to 15 cents below gasoline futures
traded on the New York Mercantile Exchange at 4:10 p.m. East
Coast time, according to data compiled by Bloomberg. That’s the
narrowest discount since Feb. 1. London-based BP shut two gas compressors at the 234,000-
barrel-a-day Cherry Point refinery for electrical work that was
scheduled to last until today, according to a notice with state
regulators. The No. 2 reformer debutanizer tower flared for 10
to 12 hours Feb. 8 during testing, another filing shows. California-blend gasoline, or Carbob, in Los Angeles
strengthened 1.62 cents to a premium of 21 cents versus gasoline
futures, the highest level since Dec. 30. The same fuel in San
Francisco rose 3 cents to a premium of 12 cents against futures
as San Antonio-based Tesoro Corp. performed maintenance at the
Martinez oil refinery in Northern California. Houston-based ConocoPhillips reported a leak at the
128,000-barrel-a-day Rodeo oil refinery in Northern California
yesterday that forced a plant shut, according to a notice to
county regulators. “The situation has been completely resolved,” the company
said in the filing. Diesel Spreads California-blend, or CARB, diesel in Los Angeles was
unchanged at a premium of 1 cent to Nymex heating oil futures.
San Francisco CARB diesel fell 1 cent to a discount of 0.5 cent
to futures. California-blend gasoline production reached the highest
level for this time of year in six years, according to the state
Energy Commission. Output of the fuel rose 13 percent to 6.3
million barrels in the week ended Feb. 3, the state said. Carbob inventories jumped 9 percent to 6.41 million barrels
last week, according to the state. “The biggest build was down south,” Rob Schlichting, a
spokesman for the energy commission in Sacramento , said in an e-
mail. “It could be preparation for more turnarounds, or just
preparation for the shift to summer fuel.” To contact the reporter on this story:
Lynn Doan in San Francisco at
ldoan6@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Dan Stets at
dstets@bloomberg.net | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Preview: Flames at Canucks
The Calgary Flames seek their first win of the season Saturday as they conclude a stretch of three games in four nights when they visit the Vancouver Canucks. Things have not start off well for the Flames, who were swept of a season-opening home-and-home series by Edmonton and outscored 12-7 in the first two installments of the Battle of Alberta. Brian Elliott, who was acquired from St. Louis over the summer, likely will have the night off Saturday after allowing 10 goals on 55 shots over the first two games. Vancouver kicks off its season with the matchup against its Pacific Division rival as it looks to bounce back from a disappointing 2015-16 and avoid missing the playoffs for the third time in four campaigns. The Canucks still are led offensively by the Sedin twins, with Daniel topping the club in both goals (28) and points (61) last season and captain Henrik finishing second with 55 points. The Canucks will need to find more offense as Jannik Hansen (career-high 22) joined Daniel Sedin as the only members of the team to reach the 20-goal plateau last season. TV: 10 p.m. ET, CBC ABOUT THE FLAMES (0-2-0): Mikael Backlund, who is coming off a career season in which he recorded 21 goals and 47 points, is off to a good start as he has collected three assists over the first two games. Michael Frolik also has come out of the gates strong, tallying in each contest as he looks to reach the 20-goal mark for the first time since 2009-10 while with Florida. Johnny Gaudreau, Calgary’s leader in goals (30), assists (48) and points (78) last season, has registered a team-high eight shots but has yet to net a tally. ABOUT THE CANUCKS (2015-16: 31-38-13, 6th in Pacific): Vancouver finished 29th in the league in goals last season and did little to improve in that area over the summer, adding only Loui Eriksson and Jack Skille to the offensive attack. Eriksson, who was signed to a six-year, $36 million contract after spending three seasons with Boston, is coming off the second 30-goal campaign of his career and first since 2008-09 with Dallas, while Skille joins his fifth team after being selected by Chicago with the seventh overall pick in the 2005 draft. The Canucks also added a pair of defensemen, acquiring 2010 third-overall pick Erik Gudbranson in a trade with Florida and signing free agent Philip Larsen to a one-year deal. 1. Veteran D Nicklas Grossmann was scratched on Friday after making his debut with Calgary in the season opener. 2. Larsen has not played in the NHL since 2013-14 with Edmonton, spending the last two seasons in the Kontinental Hockey League. 3. Vancouver returns to action Sunday against Carolina. PREDICTION: Canucks 5, Flames 2 | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Using Workbench Command
Workbench Command is a set of command-line tools that can be used to perform simple and complex operations within Connectome Workbench.
Full Documentation:
Documentation Home
TAKE GRADIENT OF A CIFTI FILE
wb_command -cifti-gradient
<cifti> - the input cifti
<direction> - which dimension to take the gradient along, ROW or COLUMN
<cifti-out> - output - the output cifti
[-left-surface] - specify the left surface to use
<surface> - the left surface file
[-left-corrected-areas] - vertex areas to use instead of computing
them from the left surface
<area-metric> - the corrected vertex areas, as a metric
[-right-surface] - specify the right surface to use
<surface> - the right surface file
[-right-corrected-areas] - vertex areas to use instead of computing
them from the right surface
<area-metric> - the corrected vertex areas, as a metric
[-cerebellum-surface] - specify the cerebellum surface to use
<surface> - the cerebellum surface file
[-cerebellum-corrected-areas] - vertex areas to use instead of
computing them from the cerebellum surface
<area-metric> - the corrected vertex areas, as a metric
[-surface-presmooth] - smooth on the surface before computing the
gradient
<surface-kernel> - the sigma for the gaussian surface smoothing
kernel, in mm
[-volume-presmooth] - smooth on the surface before computing the gradient
<volume-kernel> - the sigma for the gaussian volume smoothing kernel,
in mm
[-average-output] - output the average of the gradient magnitude maps
instead of each gradient map separately
[-vectors] - output gradient vectors
<vectors-out> - output - the vectors, as a dscalar file
Performs gradient calculation on each component of the cifti file, and
optionally averages the resulting gradients. The -vectors and
-average-output options may not be used together. You must specify a
surface for each surface structure in the cifti file. The COLUMN
direction should be faster, and is the direction that works on dtseries.
For dconn, you probably want ROW, unless you are using -average-output. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
URL path: Index page // Gallium
Gallium
Includes 1 test
Blood
0€
Gallium is a blue-gray metal with a crystalline structure. Gallium is solid at normal room temperatures, but like mercury, cesium and rubidium, it becomes liquid when slightly warmed. Solid gallium is quite soft and can be cut with a knife. It is stable in air and water but reacts and dissolves in acids and alkalis.
Applications of Gallium
Liquid gallium is used on porcelain and glass surfaces to form a bright, highly reflective surface. It can be used in the manufacture of mirrors. Gallium is easy to form with most metals and is used to form low melting alloys. Integrated circuits are the most common use for gallium, with opto-electronic devices (mainly laser diodes and light-emitting diodes) being the second largest use. Gallium has semiconductor properties and can convert electricity into light. It is used in light emitting diodes (LEDs) on electronic displays and watches. Gallium is still used in some high temperature thermometers.
Gallium in the environment
Gallium does not exist in pure form in nature. Many ores, such as bauxite and carbon, contain small amounts of gallium.
Impact of gallium on human health
Gallium is an element present in the body, but in very small quantities. For example, in a person weighing 70 kg, there is 0.7 mg of gallium throughout the body. There is no proven biological role for gallium in the function of the body and probably exists only because of the presence of traces in the natural environment, in water, vegetables and fruits. Many vitamins and bottled waters are known to contain traces of gallium in quantities of less than one part per million (1 ppm). Although gallium has no physical function, gallium ions can interact with various processes in the body in a manner similar to trivalent iron (Fe3 +). When gallium ions are recruited to replace trivalent iron by bacteria such as Pseudomonas, the ions interfere with breathing and the bacteria die. Gallium nitrate has been used to treat hypercalcaemia associated with bone metastases. Gallium can affect osteoclast function.
Pure gallium is not a toxic substance to humans upon contact. However, it is known that it can leave a mark on the skin. Even the radioactive compound gallium citrate [67Ga], can be injected into the body and used for diagnostic purposes without harmful effects. Although not harmful in small quantities, gallium should not be consumed in large doses. Some gallium compounds can be very dangerous, for example, acute exposure to gallium (III) chloride can cause throat irritation, difficulty breathing, chest pain and can even cause very serious conditions, such as pulmonary edema. and partial paralysis.
How can one determine if one has been exposed to gallium?
We can measure gallium levels in blood and most biological materials.
Determination of metals is done by ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, Inductively Coupled Argon Plasma Mass Spectrometry), a method that enables the simultaneous detection of many metals. Its sensitivity and accuracy are significantly better than conventional atomic absorption, with the ability to measure metals at concentrations up to 1 in 1015 (1 in 1 quadrillion, ppq)!
Important Note
Laboratory test results are the most important parameter for the diagnosis and monitoring of all pathological conditions. 70%-80% of diagnostic decisions are based on laboratory tests. Correct interpretation of laboratory results allows a doctor to distinguish "healthy" from "diseased".
Laboratory test results should not be interpreted from the numerical result of a single analysis. Test results should be interpreted in relation to each individual case and family history, clinical findings and the results of other laboratory tests and information. Your personal physician should explain the importance of your test results.
At Diagnostiki Athinon we answer any questions you may have about the test you perform in our laboratory and we contact your doctor to get the best possible medical care.
Additional information
Tests includedIncludes 1 test
Sample Blood
Procedure completion test
Step 1
Book an appointment and buy the test online
Select from the most complete range test of Prevention, Andrology and Diagnostics, book an appointment in real time and purchase them online.
Step 2
Sampling
Visit the certified laboratory of Diagnostiki Athinon on the date and time you have chosen, to perform the sampling.
Step 3
Receiving the test results
Download your test results easily and securely anytime you want by logging in to your personal account.
Share it | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Unlock the Potential of Your SM-N900 with the Latest Firmware Stock Upgrade
Are you looking to unlock the full potential of your sm-n900? Look no further than upgrading to the latest firmware(visit website) stock upgrade. By doing so, you can improve the performance and functionality of your device, as well as access new features and capabilities.
What is Firmware?
Firmware is the software that runs on your device’s hardware. In other words, it’s the operating system for your phone or tablet. When you buy a device, it comes with pre-installed firmware that may have limitations or bugs that could affect its performance. Upgrading to the latest firmware version can fix these issues and provide you with a better user experience.
Why Upgrade to the Latest Firmware Version?
There are many reasons why upgrading to the latest firmware version is important. One of the biggest advantages is improved performance. New firmware updates are designed to optimize the device’s hardware and software, which can result in faster processing speeds and smoother operation. Additionally, firmware updates often include bug fixes and security patches to protect your device from vulnerabilities.
How to Upgrade Your sm-n900 Firmware
Before you begin, make sure that your device is fully charged and backed up. Once that’s done, follow these steps to upgrade your firmware:
1. Go to Settings on your phone or tablet.
2. Select About Device.
3. Choose Software Update.
4. Tap Download Updates Manually.
5. If an update is available, follow the prompts to download and install it.
Benefits of Upgrading Your Firmware
Upgrading your firmware can bring a number of benefits to your device. Here are just a few:
• Improved performance and speed
• Bug fixes and security patches
• New features and capabilities
• Better battery life
• Compatibility with new apps and software
Conclusion
Upgrading to the latest firmware version is an easy way to get more out of your sm-n900 device. By doing so, you can improve its performance, fix bugs, and access new features and capabilities. So what are you waiting for? Upgrade your firmware today and see the difference it can make! | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Michael Jackson, Stevie Wonder and the Other Cultural Allusions in the Creepiest ‘Atlanta’ Episode Yet
The director Steven Soderbergh summed it up in a tweet on Thursday night, calling the latest episode of the FX show “Atlanta” “the most beautifully photographed half hour of TV I’ve ever seen. In addition to being COMPLETELY BANANAS.” Another bottle episode in a show made up almost entirely of narrative detours, the sixth chapter of the show’s second season, titled “Teddy Perkins,” was written by Donald Glover, the show’s creator and star, and directed by its visual mastermind, Hiro Murai. It centers on Darius (Lakeith Stanfield), who had thus far been mostly relegated to eccentric-sidekick status, as he rents a U-Haul to pick up what we come to learn is a free piano (with multicolored keys) from a dimly lit Southern mansion. A horror movie in miniature, eerie and tense throughout, “Teddy Perkins” reveals itself slowly as a musing on generational trauma and artistic genius, heavy on allusions — and eventually, explicit references — to Michael Jackson. But while the King of Pop is most fully embodied through the character of Theodore Perkins, Darius’s diminutive and creepy host, whose bleached skin and distinctively molded face could be a nod to no one else, Jackson is far from the only cultural touchstone driving the episode to its violent conclusion. Below is a (surely incomplete) list of the other Easter eggs, obvious and not, scattered throughout the episode. For a show — and episode — about music, “Teddy Perkins” is most effective, tonally, with silence. But the episode is book ended by two songs, both from Stevie Wonder, beginning with “Sweet Little Girl,” the side-one closer from his 1972 album “Music of My Mind.” Upon arriving at Perkins’s mansion, Darius initially bonds with his bizarre host over their shared love of the album. But later, after all variety of increasingly menacing behavior by Perkins, he and Darius disagree about the source of the music’s spiritual might. Debating the necessity of the abuse Perkins and his brother, the ailing pianist Benny Hope, suffered at the hands of their hard-driving father, Perkins says: “Stevie had his own sacrifices. He was blind.” Darius counters: “Yeah, but he wasn’t blinded. He saw through his music,” to which Perkins says: “That’s beautiful. But wrong.” As the scene turns bloody, “Music of My Mind” returns in the form of the side-two closer, “Evil,” with Mr. Wonder singing, “Evil, why have you engulfed so many hearts/evil/evil, why have you destroyed so many minds.” Also name-dropped in the episode are these titans of black music, who serve to cement the bona fides of Benny Hope, the fictional charge and onetime virtuoso who looms over the entirety of “Teddy Perkins.” Allegedly friends and collaborators of Hope and his brother, these stars of jazz and R&B are referenced or seen in vintage photographs, including one that seems to have been altered from an actual photo of a young Michael Jackson. (Another features Bill Clinton.) In one of the episode’s carefully deployed comic-relief moments, Perkins also plays a voice recording reminding himself to “finish that hat for Dionne Warwick,” bizarre headgear being another recurring motif in the episode. (Earlier, Darius, frustrated by a Confederate flag cap reading “Southern Made,” buys it and uses a red marker to make it read “U Mad.”) In another back and forth about the merits of certain music, Perkins and Darius spar over the validity of rap, with Darius offering that sometimes “people just want to have a good time.” Perkins contends that the genre “never quite grew out of its adolescence,” adding, “Don’t you find it insufficient as an art form?” Darius shoots back: “We got Jay-Z — he’s like 65,” a rare light moment in this episode where it feels O.K. to exhale. When Darius calls his friends to alert them to his peculiar situation — before laying eyes on the reclusive Benny Hope himself — he posits that Perkins and his brother are one in the same. “I think Benny created Teddy to make up for the fact that he made himself look like a ghoul,” he says, before offering a topical example: “He looks like somebody left Sammy Sosa in the dryer.” Since his retirement, Mr. Sosa, the former Chicago Cubs slugger, has become an object of derision online as his skin has appeared lighter and lighter. (Mr. Sosa has said he uses a bleaching cream, but insisted, “I don’t think I look like Michael Jackson.”) After Googling “Sammy Sosa hat” — go ahead, try it — Darius’s friends participate in a mini-roasting session that will ring familiar to anyone who’s read a tweet about Sammy Sosa in recent years. As for Perkins’s own apparent skin-bleaching, many viewers have guessed that the character is played by Donald Glover himself in whiteface — and, despite his Jackson-like high-pitched voice, the vocal patterns do match — although the end credits list, in a final punch line, “Teddy Perkins as himself.” Darius is right to worry that Perkins seems “like he wanna keep me here,” as he relays in his phone call. It also happens that Lakeith Stanfield, who plays Darius, played a similarly captive role in the similarly unsettling, race-oriented horror film “Get Out.” When Perkins snaps a Polaroid of Darius entering the peculiar gift shop he has dedicated to his brother, Darius says, “I’m not a big photo person,” recalling his brainwashed character Logan King in Jordan Peele’s “Get Out.” The stack of books lingering near Darius’s head during a crucial moment was probably not arranged haphazardly, given the attention to visual detail throughout “Atlanta,” and especially this episode. Among a pile that also includes Joseph E. Stiglitz’s “The Great Divide: Unequal Societies and What We Can Do About Them” are a few books by Stuart Woods, a novelist from Georgia who happens to have created a recurring villain named Teddy. In the scene that cracks open this often-befuddling episode, Perkins, who aims to turn he and his brother’s mansion into a museum, shows Darius a faceless mannequin in a suit — a stand-in for the father that drove the siblings to musical greatness. “He wanted the best out of us,” Perkins explains, stating plainly that there would be physical punishment if they failed. “Dad used to beat you to be good at piano?” Darius asks. Perkins responds: “To be good at life,” adding, “To make an omelet, you have to break a few eggs.” (This metaphor is particularly rich given the earlier, ominous scene of Perkins picking at an oozing soft-boiled ostrich egg.) He goes on to say that he wants the museum dedicated not only to his father, but also to Marvin Gaye Sr., Tiger Woods’s father, Serena Williams’s father and “the father who drops Emilio Estevez off in ‘The Breakfast Club.’” While Darius contends later that “not all great things come from great pain — sometimes it’s love,” Perkins has a catchall retort in defense of his own suffering and what it wrought: “Most people wouldn’t understand.” | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
INDIA SINCE INDEPENDENCE
Founding the state
In 1947 India became independent. At the same time Partition occurred. This involved the severance of a large part of India which became a new country called Pakistan.
The Prime Minister was Nehru. He led the Congress Party. Congress had the most Members of Parliament. There were several minor parties.
Lord Mountbatten was Governor-General of India until 1948. He then left the country. C Rajagopalachari became Governor-General.
India was struggling with several major problems. The after effects of the Second World War were still being felt. India had to accommodate 7 000 000 refugees. They were Hindus and Sikhs who had fled Pakistan. Many of the refugees arrived ill or wounded after their nightmare journey. The creation of Pakistan had caused enormous dislocation. Two provinces – Bengal and the Punjab – had been cut in half by Partition.
In October 1947 Pakistani tribesmen had attacked Kashmir. Kashmir was a northern princely state. The Maharajah of Kashmir was a playboy called Hari Singh. Lord Mountbatten had tried to persuade him to opt for either India or Pakistan before August 1947. The maharajah had refused. He said that Kashmir would be an independent country. He was a Hindu who ruled a mostly Muslim state. The Kashmiri Army was small and lightly armed. It was easily pushed back by the Pakistanis. Some of the Kashmiri Army were of doubtful loyalty. A few wanted to join Pakistan.
The Pakistanis wanted Kashmir because of its Muslim majority. But not all Muslims wanted to join Pakistan. In Gujarat, Bombay Province, the United Provinces, Kerala and Bihar there were tens of millions of Muslims who stayed put in 1947. They were Indian and did not wish to be Pakistani. They saw no contradiction between being Indian and being Muslim.
The Maharajah appealed to India for military assistance to repel the Pakistani tribesmen. They were advancing on Sriangar the capital of Kashmir. Lord Mountbatten said that India could only send its soldiers if the maharajah signed an instrument of accession – making Kashmir legally part of the new independent India. The maharajah did so.
The Indian Army was airlifted to Srinagar in the nick of time. The tribesmen were repelled. Then the regular Pakistani Army started to fight.
White British officers remained on in the armies of both India and Pakistan for a few years after independence. Therefore there were some Britons on both sides of this conflict. The Pakistani soldiers had all being part of the Indian Army till only two months before!
In January 1948 Gandhi preached reconciliation with Pakistan. The war against Pakistan was still ongoing. He announced a plan to travel to the new nation and work for peace and fraternity. Some Hindu hardliners were outraged by M K Gandhi’s words. They considered this to be aiding the infidel enemy. In January 1948 Gandhi went to Birla House to hold his vesperal prayer meeting. A man went up Gandhi and shot him in the chest. Gandhi exclaimed ”Hey Ram” (”Oh God”) before falling dead.
In 1948 the United Nations brokered a ceasefire. Pakistan had taken control of one-third of Kashmir. The Pakistanis called it ‘Azad Kashmir’ meaning ‘Free Kashmir.’ Delhi insisted that land was under illegal enemy occupation. Two-thirds of Kashmir remained with India. The ceasefire line was called ‘The Line of Actual Control’. That ended the First Indo-Pak War.
The UN said that the whole of Kashmir should be reunited under Indian rule and then a referendum held to determine the future of Kashmir. The Pakistanis said that the referendum should go ahead. India promised to do so but only after the Pakistani occupiers had left. Pakistan refused to budge.
Hyderabad was a large state in South India. The Nizam of Hyderabad was the prince. The Nizam was a Muslim who ruled a 90% Hindu people. He had refused to plump for either India or Pakistan. In 1948 Nehru decided he would simply absorb Hyderabad by force. The Indian Army entered the state. Some of the Hyderabad Army fought against them. The Indian Army quickly won. Hyderabad became part of the new India. Very few Hyderabadis objected. The same thing happened in a tiny state in Gujarat called Junagadh.
The armies of the princely states were integrated into the Indian Army. Some princes became MPs for the Congress Party.
In 1948 the last regiment of the British Army left through the Gateway of India in Bombay (Mumbai). It was the Somerset Light Infantry. A tiny British community remained of businesspeople and plantation owners.
- In which year did India become independent?
- Why did Pakistan claim Kashmir?
- Why was it easy at first for Pakistanis when they invaded Kashmir?
- What did the Maharajah of Kashmir do when his land was invaded?
- Who was the first Governor-General of India?
- What happened in Hyderabad?
- Where did the last British troops leave from?
On 26 January 1950 India proclaimed a republic. It was 20 years to the day that Congress had stated its goal was not to be a dominion but to be a totally independent country. India thereby cut all links with the British monarchy. This is celebrated as Republic Day with huge military parades. The Prime Minister delivers a speech at the Red Fort in Delhi.
That same year the Constitution of India was promulgated. It stated that India is a socialist republic and values equality. Men and women having equality was a major step forward. The constitution was secular. That is to say it did not favour or disfavour any religion. The constitution listed 18 recognised languages. The only principally used as Hindi and English. The provinces were renamed ‘states’. The Constitution spells out the relationship between the ‘Centre’ (i.e. the government in Delhi) and the government of each state. Every state has a chief minister – he or she is the equivalent of the prime minister of the state. The official title of the Prime Minister of India translates into Hindi as ‘husband of the nation.’ But is the nation female? Or is the PM necessarily male? The Constitution abolished the post of Governor-General and replaced it with President of India. He or she is elected by the legislatures of the states.
Dr Ambedkar wrote the Constitution. He was a Harijan – an outcast. He has overcome discrimination to achieve great things.
In the 1950s many language groups demanded a state for itself. The Government of India reorganised the states. However, India has 2 000 languages. It cannot have 2 000 states! The States Reorganisation Act was passed in 1956. States were created for major languages. Some states have several minor official languages.
The princely states were integrated into the states of India. The princes still carried some sway in their former princely states.
The government strove to reduce poverty and to spread literacy. At first progress was slow on both counts. Nehru wanted the country to industrialise.
India tried to have a planned economy. Socialism was supposed to be more equitable. People had to have licences to produce things. However, economic growth was slow. People called this period the licence Raj.
Nehru declared that India was neutral in the Cold War. He set up the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM). He regularly met with other leaders of the NAM. He was a good friend of Tito who was President of Yugoslavia and Nasser President who was of Egypt.
India retained fraternal ties with the United Kingdom. The UK was still an important trading partner. Many spare parts for machines were imported from the United Kingdom. Furthermore, Britain was India’s main export market. Over time that importance to India diminished.
Many countries were still colonies. India pushed for decolonisation. Nehru attended the Bandung Anti-Colonial Conference in Indonesia.
Indira Gandhi (daughter of Nehru) rose up the ranks in Congress. She was an MP. She had split from her husband and had more time to devote to politics.
Prime Minister noticed that the wrong sort of people were joining Congress. Until 1947 those who joined were idealistic. They were committed to the party and were willing to suffer for their platitudes. By the 1950s Congress was ruling the party. Being a member of the party was advantageous and people did not have to sacrifice for the party. Some opportunists were joining the party just for personal gain. A few members of the party were betraying the principles of the party by engaging in corruption.
Hindus are divided into castes. Nehru believed that the caste system was nefarious and declared it abolished. However, a few people still believed in it and felt antipathy towards other castes. He set up a system for the ‘scheduled castes’. He was trying to help those who had been discriminated against.
Nehru had always admired the Chinese. China was ruled by the Communist Party. Nehru was not a communist but did not believe that communists were as wicked as Westerners said. In 1962 Nehru was shocked when China attacked India and took some of India’s northern territory. People rounded on Nehru saying he had been naive to trust the Chinese so much.
In 1964 Nehru died. He was cremated and his ashes were scattered on the river in his native Allahabad.
- When did Nehru die?
- When did India become a republic?
- What did Nehru think was going wrong with Congress in the 1950s?
- What was the Non Aligned Movement?
A new prime minister took over. His name was Lal Bahadur Shastri (meaning ‘Red Brave Teacher’). Congress was still in charge. Shastri was a veteran of the campaign for independence.
In 1964 another war broke out over Pakistan. India achieved a decisive breakthrough in West Pakistan. Indian tanks approached the outskirts of Lahore – Pakistan’s second biggest city. Pakistan sued for peace and talks were arranged. Some Indians were frustrated because they believe they were on the brink of an outright defeat of Pakistan. Shastri was giving this away! Had the Indian jawans died in vain.
Pakistani and Indian delegations went to Tashkent in the USSR. Tashkent is now the capital of Uzbekistan.
The Soviets mediated the talks. This was called the Second Indo-Pakistani War that was ended.
At Tashkent a peace agreement was reached. Within hours of signing the agreement the Prime Minister of India died! The Soviets never released their autopsy. Shastri’s family suspected he was poisoned. His body was flown to India for his funeral. Who would kill Shastri? The Soviets often poisoned their enemies. Did the USSR want Shastri dead? Or was it Pakistan who killed him? Perhaps an Indian killed him because they disliked him for signing the peace agreement.
Indira Gandhi became prime minister. She was the second woman in the world to become prime minister.
Mrs Gandhi was more sympathetic to the USSR than some others. She remembered the USSR had pressed the British to grant independence to India. The USSR sided with India in every dispute. She was not a communist but believed that communism did some good. In some Indian states the communists won elections to head the state government such as West Bengal and Kerala. She visited Moscow several times. There is an Indian School in Moscow. The USSR provided economic aid. The Indian Armed Forces were also trained by the Soviets and bought Soviet equipment. Despite that India did not become a formal Soviet ally. India was also irked at the USA for helping Pakistan so much since the 1950s.
In the 1960s High Yield Varieties of rice were invented. These helped India’s Green Revolution. Rice yields increased. Famines were a thing of the past. DDT was used a lot to kills pests that ate crops. Poverty started to be reduce more. People had a bit more money to spend on other goods. The government was achieving considerable success in spreading literacy.
Not everyone in Congress was happy with Mrs Gandhi. Some of the veterans of the party felt she was overpromoted. They were disturbed by her authoritarian tendencies and her closeness to the USSR. Some people left Congress and set up their own party called Congress (Organisation). Indira’s party was called Congress (Requisitionist) to distinguish it. It was known as Congress (R) for short. Congress (R) was much bigger than Congress (O).
- Who was India’s second PM?
- When was the Second Indo-Pak War?
- What was the green Revolution?
- What was suspicious about Shastri’s death?
In 1971 many people in East Pakistan were unhappy with West Pakistani dominance. Some in West Pakistan despised the Easterners and called them racial epithets. A cyclone in the Bay of Bengal wreaked devastation in EP. WP reacted with indifference. The Awami League – an exclusively EP party – won Pakistan’s election. EP had a slight majority of the population. The Pakistani president refused to let the Awami League form a government. The official language of Pakistan is Urdu. In EP many people objected since Bengali was the majority language of Pakistan. Urdu was only the native language of a minority in WP and it was the native language of virtually no-one in EP.
Some Biharis had shifted to EP in 1947. For them EP was closer to their old home than WP. They arrived speaking Urdu. As Urdu speakers they were advantaged. This caused resentment in EP. They were seen as carpet baggers. The Biharis were dedicated to the concept of Pakistan. They had lost everything in leaving Bihar.
In 1971 India signed a treaty of friendship with the USSR. Military aid from the Soviets was to prove crucial.
In EP there was a huge insurrection. Some people from EP crossed into India for military training. The Indian Army provided this. Those men from EP who were determined to break their homeland away from Pakistan were called Mukti Bahini (”Freedom Fighters”). Mukti Bahini wanted to renamed EP ‘Bangladesh.’
Discontent in EP was blamed by the Pakistani Government on the Hindu minority who comprised 20% of the people of EP. Pakistan also said it was India’s fault. They said it was the machinations of Hindustan that has stirred up the trouble.They accused the Bangladesh Movement of being traitors. Islamabad said that Bangladeshi nationalism was un-Islamic. Bangladeshi nationalists said they were not hirelings of Delhi.
There were Hindus on the side of Bangladeshi nationalism. They could feel little allegiance to a country which they were not supposed to live in. They were discriminated against by law. Khawja Nazimuddin formerly PM of Pakistan had said their should suffer inequality. And he was from the East.
Most Bangladeshi nationalists were Muslims. They proclaimed their faith. It was a lie to say that they were apostates. Some mullahs issued fatwas to say that anyone who sought independence for EP was in effect a Hindu. As an infidel he could have be slain, have his goods pillaged and womenfolk subjected to ravishment.
The Pakistani Army recruited Razakars ‘volunteers’ in EP. They were Biharis and religious reactionaries. Madrassas sent fanatics to join Al Shams Brigade and Al Badr Brigade. Al Shams (the sun) was used for static duties. Al Badr was a little more skilled and went on many a razzia with the Pakistani Army. These were men with minimal military training. They wanted EP to remain united with WP because of Muslim unity.
The Pakistani Army was made up overwhelmingly of men from WP. The Pakistani Army committed many huge scale atrocities in EP. Tens of thousands of civilians were slaughtered. Many women were subjected to indecent crimes. The Pak Army targeted the intelligentsia. They raided Dacca University and slew professors and undergraduates. The aim was to lobotomise EP. In an era when many were illiterate graduates were exalted.
Millions of people fled EP into India. India could barely cope with the flood of refugees. Millions more were displaced within EP as they ran away from the ravages of the Pakistani Army.
The US Government refused to speak out about this despite President Nixon being informed by Americans in EP what was going on. Pakistan was an American ally and Nixon was not about to embarrass the Pakistanis. The US Navy to the Bay of Bengal to hint to India that the United States might help Pakistan if India invaded EP.
Pakistan blamed the whole thing on India for arming the Mukti Bahini. When British and American diplomats asked Pakistani Army officers about the many massacres of civilians committed by the Pakistani Army they met with an odd response. The army officers had no hesitation in acknowledging that they were slaying civilians on a huge scale. But they were puzzled that the British or Americans found this objectionable. ”We are not doing this to your people. War is war” was a typical response.
Some people from EP were in WP. Those thought to be sympathetic to Bangaldeshi nationalism were detained.
The world was aware of the situation. British and American diplomats sent reports to their governments saying that the Pakistani Army was committing numerous large scale massacres in EP.
Finally in December 1971 war broke out between India and Pakistan. India had massed troops on the border. Pakistan bombed India. President V V Giri proclaimed war on Pakistan. Within three weeks. Pakistan was thrashed. Over 100 000 Pakistanis in EP surrendered. That ended the Third Indo-Pakistani War.
The Prisoners of War were so detested by the local people that they might have been killed by the local people if the Indian Army did not hold the locals back. The Indian Army was unsure of its ability to protect the Pakistani Prisoners of War (POWs) so even allowed them to retain their weapons so the POWs could defend themselves from local people. The POWs were eventually taken to India and help in camps without their weapons.
Would East Pakistan come home to India? The calamitous error of 1947 could be corrected at least in the east. Mrs Gandhi said she would not forcibly reintegrate East Pakistan. She would allow its people to determine their own destiny. East Pakistan renamed itself Bangladesh. Bangladesh proclaimed its sovereign independence.
The Commonwealth of Nations welcomed Bangladesh in as a member. The Pakistanis took umbrage at this. Pakistan stormed out in high dudgeon.
- Why were many in East Pakistan unhappy with how they were treated?
- What was the Mukhti Bahini?
- Why did India intervene in East Pakistan?
- What was East Pakistan renamed?
- Why did Pakistan leave the Commonwealth?
Mrs Gandhi triumphant
After this resounding victory over Pakistan the prime minister of India was incredibly popular. She held an election and her slogan was ‘Banish Poverty!‘ Congress won by a landslide. After her victory some people said that Mrs Gandhi was more arrogant than Queen Victoria. Some Congress people were overenthusiastic and said ‘India is Indira’.
In 1972 buoyed up by her election victory Mrs Gandhi abolished privy purses for princely states. The Republic of India would no longer recognise their titles.
Mrs Gandhi’s antipoverty schemes seemed to yield few dividends. Many complained that a lot of officials in her party were taking bribes. More people left Congress (R) in disillusionment. Among them were some luminaries of the anti-colonial struggle.
India began working on nuclear weapons. Several other countries had them. This would be the ultimate guarantor of Indian security. Some people objected to this. It was a colossal waste of money especially when many lived in penury.
Mrs Gandhi’s younger son Sanjay was invovled in politics. His campaign to limit the number of births was unpopular. Sanjay also demolished some slum areas to rebuild better housing. But in some cases the better housing was never constructed.
The PM’s elder son Rajiv had dropped out of Cambridge. He became a pilot for Air India. Finally he too went into politics. His wife Sonia was upset by that.
A Muslim was elected president. Congress was pleased because this proved that India did not discriminate against minority religions.
In 1974 oil prices quadrupled. This hit India very badly. There was widespread suffering. Not many people had cars but trucks were used to transport food and other goods. As truck and ship transport become much costlier so did food and everything else. A minority of people had electricity in 1970s. The electricity mostly came from burning oil. Electricity became a lost more expensive. This hit factories and other places that needed it.
Then a court ruled that Mrs Gandhi had used electricity without paying for it as part of her 1972 election campaign. She was removed as an MP. But she remained as Prime Minister?
- Why did Congress win in 1972?
- What happened to Sanjay Gandhi?
- What happened with oil in 1974?
- What happened to Mrs Gandhi in 1974?
State of emergency
Mrs Gandhi declared a state of emergency in 1975. The Supreme Court backed her up on this point. Habeas corpus was suspended. Censorship was introduced in the press.
Opposition politicians spoke out. They said that Mrs Gandhi was creating a dictatorship. They said her rule was worse than that of the British. Non-Congress politicians called upon the army and police to refuse to obey orders from Mrs Gandhi. The opposition said that Mrs Gandhi was an illegal prime minister. Opposition politicians were arrested and imprisoned without trial. Some people in Congress were deeply unhappy with the way that Mrs Gandhi was governing the country. A few people resigned from Congress and joined minor parties.
Foreign commentators said that democracy had been nice while it lasted in India. But it seemed that India was becoming a dictatorship like almost every other country in Asia.
In 1977 it was time for another election. Many expected that Mrs Gandhi would cancel it and seek to extend her state of emergency. To almost universal surprise she did neither of these things. The elections took place on schedule.
A coalition of opposition parties had been cobbled together. It was called Janata Dal. Its slogan was ‘Banish Indira’. In 1977 Janata Dal won and formed a government. Moraji Desai became Prime Minister. Indira lost her seat.
The parties that formed Janata Dal soon started quarreling with each other. Some parties withdrew from Janata Dal. Moraji Desai knew he could no longer govern. He was obliged to call another election.
- What happened with the state of emergency? Five marks.
- Who won the 1977 elections?
- Who became PM in 1977?
- What went wrong with Janata Dal?
Indira is back
In 1980 Congress led by Indira Gandhi won again. Mrs Gandhi was back as Prime Minister.
Then Indira’s son Sanjay was killed in an air crash. She was distraught. Her other son Rajiv was less politically ambitious than his brother. Nonetheless he became seen as his mother’s heir.
The Muslims of the Subcontinent got a country. The Hindus were 80% of India’s people so some said that the Hindus got a country. Some Sikhs said ‘what about us?’ Should they not have a country? Only 2% of the Indian people are Sikhs. The Sikhs live overwhelmingly in Punjab. Some Sikhs said they were discriminated against.
In the late 1970s a small scale insurrection began in Punjab. The Khalistan Liberation Force (KLF) was the insurrectionist organisation. The KLF aimed to create an independent Sikh country called Khalistan which means ‘Land of the Pure’ in the Punjabi language. Oddly ‘Land of the Pure’ is the same meaning as Pakistan. The KLF was proclaimed illegal as a terrorist organisation. The Indian Army did battle against the KLF. 20% of Indian soldiers were Sikhs. This was problematic because some of them had divided loyalties.
Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale was the doyen of the KLF. This swivel eyed loon murdered Sikhs of other denominations.
Mrs Gandhi insisted that Sikhs were not mistreated. She noted that the President of India Zail Singh was a Sikh.
Pakistan saw a golden opportunity. The loss of East Pakistan suppurated with them. As Islamabad saw it India had caused Pakistan to lose its eastern wing. Pakistan said now it would be payback time. Therefore Pakistan armed, trained and funded the KLF also providing the KLF with a safe haven.
Pakistani support for the KLF was bitterly ironic. There had been very bad blood between Sikhs and Muslims. Hundreds of thousands of Sikhs had been killed in the Partition of India. They had seen the vivisection of their historic heartland.
In the 1980s the KLF rebellion became very serious. The Indian Army had difficulty containing it in the Punjab.
In 1984 the KLF led by Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale holed up in the Golden Temple in Amritsar. This is Sikhism’s holy of holies. The army was in a bind. The KLF had hundreds of combatants armed to the teeth in the Golden Temple. This could not be tolerated. On the other hand the army was reluctant to fight them there. If the army fought there the KLF said that the Indian Army had desecrated the holiest site in Sikhism. That was the KLF’s plan. It was a win-win situation for them.
Since the British Raj the Government of India tread carefully on religious matters. The military and police did not go into places of worship in uniform. A place of worship provides its own security.
The army surrounded the Golden Temple and asked the KLF to surrender. The KLF gave their answer from the barrels of their guns. A battle broke out. The fight raged from 1 June to 8 June. There were hundreds of pilgrims inside the Golden Temple. Were they there willingly or as hostages. The army asked that they leave. They did not.
The Indian Army sought British advice about how to assault the Golden Temple. This is surprising since the Indian Army was perfectly capable of doing this would outside guidance.
The army took the Golden Temple by storm. It was a battle royal. Hundreds of KLF combatants were killed. The buildings were damaged. Bhindranwale was shot dead.
Sikhs around the world were incensed that there had been fighting in the Golden Temple. Few of them blamed the KLF for turning it into an armed camp.
The celebrated Sikh writer Khushwant Singh returned the medal granted to him by the Government of India. He said that he did this in protest at the attack on the Golden Temple. He likened it to Jallianwala Bagh which had occurred not a stone’s throw from the Hari Mandir.
Mrs Gandhi had some Sikh bodyguards. Some of her advisers told her not to because these men could not be trusted. The prime minister chided these people for their wicked suspicion. She insisted that she trusted her life to these Sikhs. In October 1984 two Sikh soldiers decided they would exact vengeance for the Golden Temple Battle. They shot Mrs Gandhi dead.
One of Mrs Gandhi’s assailants was shot dead by a loyal solider. The other was wounded and arrested. The wounded man was later put on trial for murder. He was found guilty and hanged.
Within hours of Mrs Gandhi’s slaying her son Rajiv Gandhi was sworn in as prime minister. He immediately called an election. Congress won by a mile.
- When did Indira become PM again?
- Who was her second son?
- What did the KLF want?
- Why did Pakistan back the KLF?
- What happened at the Golden Temple in 1984?
- Why was Mrs Gandhi shot?
Some people had been infuriated by the murder of Mrs Gandhi. Unfortunately, a few Hindus blamed Sikhs in general. At least a few hundred Sikhs were killed in reprisal despite Rajiv Gandhi pleading with people not to.
The KLF was soon crushed. Very few Sikhs now want the Sikh area to breakaway from India.
Relations with Pakistan improved. Pakistan and India even co-hosted the cricket world cup.
Rajiv saw that the licence Raj was a bad thing. He started to introduce free market reforms. Too much government control had stalled the economy.
Despite moving away from socialism India maintained cordial ties with the Soviet Union. Rajiv Gandhi visited the USSR. India approved of the Soviet military intervention in Afghanistan.
By the late 1980s there were numerous corruption scandals in Congress. Some members of the party accepted bribes to make unfair decisions. There was a large scandal about the purchase of Bofors guns from Sweden for the Indian Army. Some members of Congress were disillusioned and left to join the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). It means ‘Indian People’s Party’. They made a point of being especially Indian by not using an English word like Congress did for their name.
There was a conflict in Sri Lanka in the 1980s. India sympathised with the Tamil minority there many of whom wanted an independent country. Those who fought for this called themselves the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). Eelam was their proposed name for a new homeland. For short they were Tamil Tigers. There are many more Tamils in India than in Sri Lanka. In the State of Tamil Nadu there are tens of millions of Tamils. India was tempted to intervene in the Sri Lanka Civil War.
An agreement was reached with Sri Lanka. The Indian Peacekeeping Force (IPKF) would go to Sri Lanka to disarm the Tamil rebels. IPKF would separate the Tamils from the Sri Lankan Army.
The IPKF started clashing with the Tamil Tigers. The Tamil Tigers refused to disarm. The IPKF said that if the Tigers did not voluntarily hand over their weapons then the IPKF would take them by force. A conflict started anew. India found itself mired in Sri Lanka. IPKF was not keeping the peace? Eventually IPKF withdrew. The conflict in Sri Lanka resumed. Many Indians blamed the PM for this disaster.
In 1989 a conflict in Afghanistan started to end. Many Islamic fundamentalists had been fighting in Afghanistan. They were buoyed up by their victory over the Soviets. Some of them were Pakistani. Some of them moved to attack the Indian Army in Jammu and Kashmir. It is a conflict which rumbles on to this day.
Various terrorist groups attacked the Indian Army in Kashmir. These were Hizb-ul- Tahrir (Party of Liberation), the Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Force and Lakshar e Taiba. They were armed, trained, sheltered and funded by Pakistan. The Pakistani Army even crossed the Line of Control. In the high mountains not many soldiers could be supplied. The fighting between India and Pakistan remained small scale.
Hindu civilians were killed by terrorists in Kashmir. That was because Hindus would always want to be part of India. Many of them fled to other Indian states. Moderate Muslims were also slain if the fundamentalists suspected them of wishing to stay with India.
In 1989 there was an election. Congress was bested. A new government was sworn in under V P Singh. Rajiv Gandhi remained leader of his party. V P Singh led a fissile coalition. Just like in the 70s Congress believed that its opponents would soon start to squabble. Before long that happened. The government fell.
In 1991 another election was called. Rajiv campaigned zealously. The wind was in his sails. He looked set to be swept to victory. The that May a suicide bomber killed Rajiv and 50 other bystanders. It was a Tamil Tiger suicide bomber. Some of those involved in the conspiracy were caught and later hanged.
P V Narasimha Rao became the leader of Congress. He led the party to a smashing victory. There had been a huge wave of sympathy behind Congress.
- What does BJP mean?
- What did Rajiv achieve?
- What went wrong with the IPKF? Five marks
- What happened in Kashmir from 1989 onwards? Five marks.
- Who killed Rajiv Gandhi?
Congress is back
Rajiv Gandhi’s son Rahul was studying at Harvard. He was granted an Italian passport under an assumed name. He was Italian on his mother’s side so entitled to Italian citizenship. The false name was to protect him from assassins.
The Indian economy started to grow rapidly in the 1990s. The government’s poverty reductions paid off. Cars were becoming affordable for middle class people. State governments subsidised basic foodstuffs like rice and vegetables. This allowed people a disposable income for consumer goods.
The Rashtriya Swamesevak Sangh (‘National Volunteer Union’) is a Hindu organisation that dates back to the British Raj. The RSS had pushed for India to become an explicitly Hindu country. Pakistan is officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Why should India not officially be Hindu Republic of India?
The RSS was concerned about former Hindu temples. The Mughal Empire had ruled India from 1527 into the late 18th century when they were superseded by the British. The Mughals were Urdu speaking Muslims. Some of the Mughal emperors had been viciously anti-Hindu. Aurangzeb was an emperor who was especially oppressive to Hindus. He had seized many Hindu temples. They were either razed to the ground or else rebuilt as mosques.
Some of the RSS joined the BJP. A very prominent figure in the BJP was Lal Krishnan Advani. Advani had good reason to be a Hindu nationalist. He was born in Karachi. At the Partition of India the Advani family had fled for their lives. The BJP did not endorse all of the RSS’s agenda but was undoubtedly influenced by it. The RSS argued that the former Hindu temples that had been turned into mosques centuries before should be confiscated without compensation and returned to the Hindu community.
Ayodhya is a particularly sacred spot to Hindus. Emperor Babur had sequestered the temple and demolished it. He was the first Mughal emperor. A mosque had been built in room of the Hindu place of prayer. The mosque is called Babri Masjid. This really rubbed the Hindu nose in degradation. The RSS agitated for the site to be returned to the Hindu majority. Thousands of RSS activists camped out outside the mosque. Many gathered materials to be used for the new temple: bricks and concrete. Feeling was running very high across India. The police had to surround the mosque to protect it. Most of the police officers were Hindus. They were in Uttar Pradesh – one of the most Hindu states. The Hindu police officers were insulted and called betrayers of their faith. It stretched their loyalty to defend the mosque. Some of the officers will have wondered if they were wrong to be protecting Babri Masjid.
Many Hindus argued that the site had been stolen from them and ought to be returned. That location was unimportant to Muslims. But it was extremely important to Hindus. Muslims had thousands of other mosques. They could rebuild the mosque elsewhere. Hindus said that under Muslim rule the Hindu nose had been rubbed into the dirt. Was it not time for Hindus to rise in dignity? Some scorned Nehruvian secularism as dishonouring Hinduism.
In 1992 a group of RSS and other hardline Hindu activists burst into the Babri Masjid. The mosque was demolished by them. They were jubilant. The police managed to regain control of the mosque area and arrest those who had destroyed it. Therefore the RSS and other kindred organisations were unable to build their temple.
There were riots across India after the destruction of Babri Masjid. Many Muslims were irate that their place of worship had been demolished. The Kashmir Conflict was heating up. This inflamed communal tensions further. The RSS accused the Muslims of being fifth columnists.
Pakistan gleefully exploited the controversy. The Pakistanis said that the Ayodhya dispute proved that India was anti-Muslim. This justified the creation of Pakistan so they said. In reprisal 30 Hindu temples in Pakistan were attacked. Pakistan’s tiny Hindu community felt very beleaguered. In other Muslims lands Hindus suffered a backlash.
Most Muslims voted for Congress. Virtually no Muslims voted for the BJP.
In 1993 several bombs exploded in Bombay in one day. Hundreds of people were killed. The Indian Mujahideen claimed responsibility. They said they had set off the bombs in reprisal for the demolition of Babri Masjid. Some Bombay gangsters liked Dawood Ibrahim were believed to have been involved. Ibrahim later turned up in Pakistan. He runs a criminal syndicate called D Company.
- Why was Rahul given a false name?
- What does the RSS believe in?
- Why did some Hindus want Babri Masjid demolished? Five marks
- What happened regarding Babri Masjid? Five marks. | FINEWEB-EDU |
GREAT LAKES GAS TRANSMISSION LIMITED PARTNERSHIP, Plaintiff, v. ESSAR STEEL MINNESOTA, LLC; Essar Steel Holdings, Ltd.; Essar Steel Limited; and Essar Global Limited, a/k/a Essar Group, Defendants. Essar Steel Minnesota, LLC, Counterclaimant, v. Great Lakes Gas Transmission Limited Partnership, Counterclaim Defendant.
Civil No. 09-CV-3037 (SRN/LIB).
United States District Court, D. Minnesota.
May 15, 2012.
Barbara L. Wohlrabe, Susan D. Nassar, and David W. Elrod, Elrod PLLC, Dallas, TX; David T. Schultz and Julian C. Zebot, Maslon, Edelman, Borman & Brand, LLP, Minneapolis, MN, for Plaintiff and Counterclaim Defendant.
Stephanie J. Goldstein, Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson, LLP, New York, NY; Thomas S. Fraser and Nicole Moen, Fredrikson & Byron, PA, Minneapolis, MN, for Defendants and Counter-claimants.
MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER
SUSAN RICHARD NELSON, District Judge.
This matter is before the Court on Plaintiffs Motion to Dismiss for Failure to State a Claim and to Strike Defendant’s Pleading [Doc. No. 364], For the reasons that follow, Plaintiffs motion is granted.
I. BACKGROUND
In October 2009, Plaintiff Great Lakes Gas Transmission Limited Partnership (“Great Lakes”) filed a breach of contract action against Defendant Essar Steel Minnesota, LLC (“ESML”), and its affiliated entities, Essar Steel Holdings, Ltd., Essar Steel Limited, and Essar Global Limited, a/k/a Essar Group (collectively, the “Essar Entities”). ESML subsequently filed a counterclaim against Great Lakes and filed third-party claims against nine entities related to Great Lakes: TC GL Intermediate Limited Partnership, TC Pipelines, LP, TC Pipelines GP, Inc., TransCan Northern, Ltd., TransCanada Pipeline USA, Ltd., TransCanada Pipelines Ltd., TransCanada Corporation, Great Lakes Gas Transmission Co., and TransCanada GL, Inc. (the “TransCanada Entities”). Pursuant to a stipulation of the parties, on March 1, 2012, the Court dismissed the third-party claims against the nine TransCanada Entities. (Order of 3/1/12 [Doc. No. 396].) Accordingly, portions of Plaintiffs instant motion regarding the TransCanada Entities are now moot. The Court therefore confines its discussion to arguments related to Great Lakes and ESML.
In its Amended Complaint, Great Lakes alleges that it owns and operates a natural gas pipeline, which transports over 2.2 billion cubic feet of natural gas per day through 2,100 miles of pipeline. (Am. Complaint ¶ 12 [Doc. No. 35].) The pipeline extends from the Minnesota-Manitoba border at Emerson, Manitoba, to the Michigan-Ontario border at St. Clair, Ontario, and “serves as a link between western Canada’s natural gas basin and major industrial and market centers in Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, and eastern Canada.” (Id.) Great Lakes alleges that it offers the use of its pipeline to shippers of natural gas for a rate that is regulated by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (“FERC”). (Id. ¶ 13.)
Defendant ESML is a Minnesota company affiliated with the other Essar entities, which are engaged in manufacturing and the provision of services in various industries, including the steel industry. (Am. Compl. ¶ 15 [Doc. No. 35].) In 2007, Essar Steel Holdings, the sole member of ESML, acquired the membership units of a company known as Minnesota Steel Industries (“MSI”), which was renamed Essar Steel Minnesota, LLC. (Counterclaim ¶ 3-4 [Doc. No. 80].) The Essar Entities purchased MSI for the purpose of constructing a steel plant in Nashwauk, Minnesota. (Id.) As alleged in ESML’s Counterclaim, for several years, MSI had been developing plans to construct a fully-integrated steel making facility, which, when operational, would require natural gas as an energy source. (Id. ¶ 20.)
The parties’ claims in this action arise from a September 6, 2006 contract between Great Lakes and MSI (the “Contract”). (Am. Compl. ¶ 17 [Doc. No. 35]; Contract, Ex. 1 to Aff. of Barbara Wohlrabe [Doc. No. 347-1].) There appears to be no dispute that ESML acquired the membership interests of MSI, and that the terms of the Contract are binding on ESML. Under the general terms of the Contract, which is also referred to by the parties as the Transportation Services Agreement, or “TSA,” Great Lakes agreed to transport up to 55,000 dekatherms of natural gas per day on MSI’s behalf, from its Emerson receipt point to its Carlton delivery point, or to “a new location near Mile Post 228.” (Contract, App. A, Ex. 1 to Wohlrabe Aff. [Doc. No. 347-1].) Defendant ESML alleges that the “new location” is a yet-to-be constructed delivery point on the Great Lakes pipe system, which would connect Great Lakes’ pipeline with a yet-to-be constructed pipeline to transport gas to the steel facility in Nashwauk. (Counterclaim ¶ 3 [Doc. No. 80].) The Contract term began running on July 1, 2009 and continues through March 31, 2024. (Contract, Ex. 1 to Aff. of Barbara Wohlrabe [Doc. No. 347-1].) ESML alleges that the parties intended for performance of the Contract to coincide with the commencement of operations at the contemplated new steel facility in Nashwauk, Minnesota. (Counterclaim ¶ 28 [Doc. No. 80].)
As consideration for the transportation services, Plaintiff alleges that MSI agreed to pay the rates indicated in the Contract, which included the rate schedule reflected in Great Lakes’ FERC Gas Tariff (the “Tariff’). (Am. Compl. ¶ 17 [Doc. No. 35].) However, ESML contends that during contract negotiations, Great Lakes misrepresented the cost of its service to transport gas. (Counterclaim ¶ 25 [Doc. No. 80].) ESML further contends that Great Lakes has misrepresented its costs to other customers, leading FERC to commence regulatory proceedings against Great Lakes. (Id. ¶ 26.) Plaintiff alleges that under the Contract, the reservation fee for the agreed-upon transportation was to be paid monthly. (Am. Compl. ¶ 20 [Doc. No. 35].) Great Lakes contends that Defendants failed to make the first payment of $190,190, due on August 17, 2009, and have consistently failed and refused to make payments. (Id.)
The Contract incorporates the rates found in the Tariff, as well as the general terms and conditions set forth in the Tariff. (Contract ¶ 12, Ex. 1 to Wohlrabe Aff. [Doc. No. 347-1].) One such general term or condition is the Tariffs force majeure clause. The clause enumerates various types of circumstances excusing the parties’ liability to each other in damages. Among other things, the clause enumerates acts of God, strikes, natural disasters and labor strikes and further provides that liability may be excused for:
any other cause, whether the kind herein enumerated or otherwise, and whether caused or occasioned by or happening on account of the act or omission of one of the parties hereto or some person or concern not a party hereto, not within the control of the party claiming suspension and which by the exercise of due diligence such a party is unable to prevent or overcome.
(Tariff ¶ 10.1, Ex. B to Counterclaim [Doc. No. 80-2 at 48].) (emphasis added).
Immediately following the force majeure clause, the remedy section of the Tariff provides that such circumstances or contingencies affecting the parties’ respective performance do not relieve it from liability “in the event of concurring negligence,” nor do such circumstances relieve it “from its obligation to make payments of amounts then due thereunder.... ” (Tariff ¶ 10.2, Ex. B to Counterclaim [Doc. No. 80-2 at 48].)
Pursuant to the Contract, MSI obtained a letter of credit (“Letter of Credit”) in the amount of $580,000, for which Great Lakes is the beneficiary, MSI is the borrower and American Bank of the North is the lender. (Counterclaim ¶ 37 [Doc. No. 80]; Letter of Credit, Ex. C to Counterclaim [Doc. No. 80-3].) Under the terms of the Letter of Credit, if MSI fails to make payment consistent with the Contract, Great Lakes may draw upon the Letter of Credit for reimbursement. (Letter of Credit, Ex. C to Counterclaim [Doc. No. 80-3].)
ESML contends that while it intended to secure funding for construction of the steel facility in Nashwauk, the intervening 2008 global financial crisis made it difficult to do so. (Counterclaim ¶¶ 39-58 [Doc. No. 80].) Specifically, ESML alleges that global demand for steel plummeted in 2008 and 2009, forcing steel prices to a six-year low. (Id. ¶¶ 49-51.) ESML contends that the “credit freeze, the world-wide economic problems, and the depression of steel prices have inhibited ESML from obtaining financing for the [Nashwauk] Facility.” (Id. ¶ 55.) Consequently, ESML alleges that until it secures financing, it cannot commence construction of the steel plant in Nashwauk. (Id. ¶ 56.) Alleging that its inability to secure financing was outside its control, and that it could not otherwise obtain financing, ESML has invoked the force mqjeure clause of the Tariff, alleging that “the slump in steel prices constitutes an event that permits ESML to delay its performance.... ” (Id. ¶ 58.)
In the first count of its three-count Counterclaim, ESML seeks a declaratory judgment that its duty to perform pursuant to the Contract is excused in light of its inability to obtain financing for the Nashwauk facility. (Id., Count I.) In the alternative, in its second count, ESML seeks a declaratory judgment that its performance is excused under the doctrine of temporary commercial impracticability/impossibility. (Id., Count II.)
ESML contends that Great Lakes rebuffed its efforts to resolve the contractual dispute and instead, on November 20, 2009, drew upon the Letter of Credit. (Id. ¶ 69.) This action forms the basis for ESML’s count of conversion in its Counterclaim. (Id., Count III.) In this count, ESML alleges that Great Lakes had no basis for drawing upon the Letter of Credit, as ESML’s nonperformance under the Contract was excused by the force mqjeure clause. (Id.)
ESML pled three additional counts in its Counterclaim in which it sought to establish derivative liability against former Third-Party Defendants, the TransCanada entities, based on theories of piercing the corporate veil, alter ego/mere instrumentality, joint enterprise/joint venture and agency liability. (Id., Counts IV-VI.) Because Defendants voluntarily dismissed the TransCanada entities from the case, these derivative counterclaims against the TransCanada entities are now moot and are therefore dismissed. Plaintiff answered the Counterclaim [Pi’s Reply to ESML’s Counterclaim, Doc. No. 91], and now moves to dismiss pursuant to Fed. R.Civ.P. 12(b)(6). In addition, Plaintiff moves to strike Counts I and II of the Counterclaim, pursuant to Fed.R.Civ.P. 12(f).
In moving to strike Counts I and II of ESML’s Counterclaim, Plaintiff argues that these counts for declarative relief are redundant and repetitious of ESML’s affirmative defenses. In support of its Motion to Dismiss, Great Lakes contends that the Contract requiring ESML to make monthly payments to Great Lakes is separate and independent from ESML’s plans to construct a steel facility in Nashwauk, Minnesota. The Contract, Great Lakes asserts, is unambiguous and is clear that ESML’s obligations are not contingent upon constructing the steel facility or obtaining financing. (See Pi’s Mem. Supp. Mot. Dismiss at 2 [Doc. No. 364].) Rather, Plaintiff argues, the Contract simply requires Great Lakes to transport natural gas, and for ESML to take the gas and pay for it. Great Lakes asserts that, regardless of whether ESML intends to use the gas or operate the steel facility, it is ESML’s obligation to have a lateral pipeline constructed. Accordingly, Plaintiff argues that ESML’s decision to delay construction of the steel facility and the lateral pipeline and its alleged inability to obtain financing are not excused by virtue of the force majeure clause or by the doctrines of impracticability/impossibility. (Id. at 3.)
In response, ESML argues that Plaintiff brings this motion under the incorrect procedural rule — Rule 12(b)(6) as opposed to Rule 12(c) — and the Court should therefore deny the motion as procedurally improper. (ESML’s Opp’n Mem. at 19 [Doc. No. 374].) On the merits, ESML contends that the broad language of the Contract’s force majeure clause excuses its non-performance under the Contract and that it has stated a plausible claim for a declaratory judgment to that effect. (Id. at 22-27.) Likewise, ESML argues that it has pled a plausible claim for relief as to its alternative count for a declaratory judgment based on the doctrines of impossibility/impraeticability. (Id. at 27-32.) Specifically, ESML contends that its performance should be excused in light of the unforeseeable worldwide financial crisis and its effect on ESML’s ability to obtain financing. (Id.) Finally, ESML contends that it has presented a plausible claim that Great Lakes wrongfully converted the Letter of Credit funds that ESML posted as security. (Id. at 32-33.)
II. DISCUSSION
A. Standard of Review
Plaintiff purports to bring a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim under Fed.R.Civ.P. 12(b)(6). ESML argues, however, that Great Lakes filed this motion after filing its answer to ESML’s counterclaims and therefore, Plaintiffs motion is procedurally improper. (See Pi’s Reply to ESML’s Counterclaims [Doc. No. 91].) Although the TransCanada Entities are no longer in this case, they were represented by the same counsel as Great Lakes, and, on the same day that Plaintiff’s instant motion was filed, the Trans-Canada Entities filed a motion to dismiss pursuant to Rule 12(c). Although that motion is no longer before the Court, ESML had argued that the TransCanada Entities’ motion should have been styled as a Rule 12(b)(6) motion, since the TransCanada Entities had not yet filed their answer.
By its terms, Rule 12(b) provides that a party asserting a defense by motion, including a motion for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted, must assert such a defense before pleading, if a responsive pleading is allowed. Fed. R.Civ.P. 12(b) (emphasis added). Technically, therefore, a Rule 12(b)(6) motion cannot be filed after an answer has been submitted. Westcott v. City of Omaha, 901 F.2d 1486, 1488 (8th Cir.1990).
As a leading treatise observes, “A strict interpretation of [this] language leads to the conclusion that the district judge must deny any Rule 12(b) motion made after a responsive pleading is interposed as being too late.” 5C Charles Alan Wright & Arthur R. Miller, Federal Practice and Procedure § 1361 (3d ed. 2004). But as that treatise also observes, as long as the defense of failure to state a claim has been asserted in the answer, federal courts routinely consider defendants’ post-answer motions raising the defense “although technically they are no longer Rule 12(b) motions.” Id.
Ali v. Frazier, 575 F.Supp.2d 1084, 1089 (D.Minn.2008).
In Ali, this Court treated the moving party’s Rule 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim as a Rule 12(c) motion asserting the same argument. Id. at 1089-90 (citing Westcott, 901 F.2d at 1488). A motion for judgment on the pleadings brought pursuant to Rule 12(c) may be brought “after the pleadings are closed — but early enough not to delay trial....” Fed.R.Civ.P. 12(c). “As the Eighth Circuit held in Westcott, because motions to dismiss for failure to state a claim are subject to the same legal standard whether brought under Rule 12(b)(6) or Rule 12(c), the distinction is ‘purely formal..." Ali, 575 F.Supp.2d at 1089 (citing Westcott, 901 F.2d at 1488.)
While ESML argues that Great Lakes did not assert a Rule 12(b)(6) defense in its Reply to ESML’s Counterclaim, Great Lakes did invoke Rule 12 in its Answer, albeit the provisions of Rule 12 pertaining to a motion for a definite statement and a motion to strike. (Pi’s Answer at 2 [Doc. No. 91].) Given the procedural history of this case, the refusal to consider Plaintiffs motion because it was styled as a Rule 12(b)(6) motion rather than a Rule 12(c) motion would be unfair. An examination of the docket reveals that Plaintiff filed its original Motion to Dismiss (i.e., the predecessor to the instant motion) on the same day that it filed its Reply to ESML’s Counterclaim. (See Doc. Nos. 91 & 93.) Assuming for the sake of argument that Great Lakes had simply filed these documents in reverse order, i.e., the Motion to Dismiss first, as Docket No. 91, and Plaintiffs Answer second, as Docket No. 93, there would be no procedural infirmity.
In light of all of these factors — the specific procedural circumstances of this case, the identical standard of review applicable under the two rules, and the Eighth Circuit’s recognition of a “purely formal” distinction between the rules — the Court will consider Plaintiffs motion under Rule 12(c), on the merits. This approach is consistent with rulings made, albeit in passing, by this Court, see E.E.O.C. v. Northwest Airlines, 216 F.Supp.2d 935, 937 (D.Minn.2002), and by other district courts within the Eighth Circuit, see, e.g., Egziabher v. Parks, No. 11-CV-5088, 2012 WL 912933, *1-2 (WD.Ark. Mar. 16, 2012); Janis v. Nelson, No. 09-CR-5019-KES, 2009 WL 5216902, *2, n. 2 (D.S.D. Dec. 30, 2009); Woods v. St. Louis Justice Center, No. 4:06-CV-233 CAVES, 2006 WL 2990240, *1 (E.D.Mo. Oct. 18, 2006).
When evaluating a motion to dismiss, the Court assumes as true the factual allegations in the complaint (or counterclaim) and construes all reasonable inferences from those facts in the light most favorable to the non-moving party. Schaaf v. Residential Funding Corp., 517 F.3d 544, 549 (8th Cir.2008). However, the Court need not accept as true wholly conclusory allegations, Han- ten v. Sch. Dist. of Riverview Gardens, 183 F.3d 799, 805 (8th Cir.1999), or legal conclusions that the pleader draws from the facts pled. Westcott v. City of Omaha, 901 F.2d 1486, 1488 (8th Cir.1990).
To survive a motion to dismiss, a complaint must contain “enough facts to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.” Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 545, 127 S.Ct. 1955, 167 L.Ed.2d 929 (2007). Although a complaint need not contain “detailed factual allegations,” it must contain facts with enough specificity “to raise a right to relief above the speculative level.” Id. at 555, 127 S.Ct. 1955. As the United States Supreme Court recently reiterated, “[tjhreadbare recitals of the elements of a cause of action, supported by mere eonclusory statements,” will not pass muster under Twombly. Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 129 S.Ct. 1937, 1949, 173 L.Ed.2d 868 (2009) (citing Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555, 127 S.Ct. 1955). In sum, this standard “calls for enough fact[s] to raise a reasonable expectation that discovery will reveal evidence of [the claim].” Twombly, 550 U.S. at 556, 127 S.Ct. 1955.
When considering a motion for judgment on the pleadings (or a motion to dismiss under Fed.R.Civ.P. 12(b)(6)), the court generally must ignore materials outside the pleadings, but it may consider ‘some materials that are part of the public record or do not contradict the complaint,’ Missouri ex rel. Nixon v. Coeur D'Alene Tribe, 164 F.3d 1102, 1107 (8th Cir.1999), cert. denied, 527 U.S. 1039, 119 S.Ct. 2400, 144 L.Ed.2d 799 (1999), as well as materials that are “necessarily embraced by the pleadings.” Piper Jaffray Cos. v. National Union Fire Ins. Co., 967 F.Supp. 1148, 1152 (D.Minn.1997). See also 5A Charles Alan Wright & Arthur R. Miller, Federal Practice and Procedure: Civil 2d § 1357, at 199 (1990) (court may consider ‘matters of public record, orders, items appearing in the record of the case, and exhibits attached to the complaint’). The Court here considers the Contract, Tariff and the Letter of Credit as materials necessarily embraced by the pleadings. The terms of these documents are referenced in ESML’s Counterclaim, to which all three documents are attached as exhibits (Contract and Tariff, Ex. B to Counterclaim [Doc. No. 80-2]; Letter of Credit, Ex. C to Counterclaim [Doc. No. 803]), and in the Amended Complaint. Any other substantive affidavits and declarations of the parties will not be considered.
B. ESML’s Claim for a Declaratory Judgment Based on the Force Majeure Clause
As noted, the Contract incorporates the general terms and conditions set forth in the Tariff. (Contract ¶ 12, Ex. 1 to Wohlrabe Aff. [Doc. No. 347-1].) One such “general term or condition” is the Tariffs force majeure clause, which provides, in full:
Neither Shipper nor Transporter shall be liable in damages to the other for any act, omission or circumstances occasioned by or in consequence of: any acts of God, strikes, lockouts, acts of the public enemy, wars, blockages, insurrections, riots, epidemics, landslides, lightning, earthquakes, fires, storms, floods, washouts, arrests and restraints of rulers and peoples, civil disturbances, explosions, breakage or accident to machinery or lines of pipe, line freezeups, decline in the Btu level of Gas received by Transporter at any point below the level at which the MDQs of Service Agreements are based, as specifically stated in Section 8.1 of the General Terms and Conditions, to the effect that Transporter can not Transport Shippers Scheduled Daily Delivery, or the binding order of any court or governmental authority which has been resisted in good faith by all reasonable legal means, and any other cause, whether the kind herein enumerated or otherwise, and whether caused or occasioned by or happening on account of the act or omission of one of the parties hereto or some person or concern not a party hereto, not within the control of the party claiming suspension and which by the exercise of due diligence such a party is unable to prevent or overcome.
(Tariff ¶ 10.1, Ex. B to Counterclaim [Doc. No. 80-2 at 48].) (emphasis added). ESML argues that it has stated a plausible claim for a declaratory judgment and that the underscored language above, in the force majeure clause, excuses its non-performance under the Contract. Specifically, ESML contends that it was unable, “through no fault of its own, to obtain financing for the Nashwauk facility due to the unprecedented credit freeze, economic meltdown and dive in steel demand resulting from the Great Recession.” (Counterclaim, Count I [Doc. No. 80].)
As an initial matter, the Contract provides that any disputes arising under the agreement shall be determined in accordance with Michigan law. (Contract ¶ 13, Ex. 1 to Aff. of Barbara Wohlrabe [Doc. No. 347-1].) Under Michigan law, while the main goal of contract interpretation is to enforce the parties’ intent, “when the language of a document is clear and unambiguous, interpretation is limited to the actual words used, and parol evidence is inadmissible to prove a different intent.” Burkhardt v. Bailey, 260 Mich.App. 636, 680 N.W.2d 453, 464 (2004).
Michigan courts have recognized that a force majeure clause relieves a party from termination of the agreement “due to circumstances beyond its control that would make performance untenable or impossible.” Erickson v. Dart Oil, 189 Mich.App. 679, 474 N.W.2d 150, 156 (1991) (citing Edington v. Creek Oil Co., 213 Mont. 112, 690 P.2d 970, 973 (1984)). However, a force majeure clause may not be invoked to excuse performance where the delaying condition was caused by the party invoking it or could have been prevented by the exercise of prudence, diligence, and care. Id. at 155. A party’s “failure to explore or utilize available options to overcome the delaying condition can constitute lack of due diligence.” Id. (citing Woods v. Ratliff, 407 So.2d 1375, 1378-1379 (La.App.1981)). The Michigan Court of Appeals has also observed that “force majeure ” is a term that is “virtually unknown” in Michigan common law, prompting Michigan courts to turn to other jurisdictions for guidance in cases in which such clauses are invoked. Cordoba v. City of Detroit, No. 221391, 2001 WL 1009308, *3 (Mich.Ct.App. Sep. 4, 2001) (citing Erickson, 474 N.W.2d at 150). Accordingly, where Michigan law is undeveloped or silent, the Court will consider persuasive authority from other jurisdictions.
At least one Michigan decision has addressed the 2008 financial crisis in the context of a force majeure clause. In Flathead-Michigan I, LLC v. Penninsula Devl., LLC, No. 09-14042, 2011 WL 940048, *4 (E.D.Mich. Mar. 16, 2011), defendants argued that the economic downturn of 2008 prevented them from complying with the terms of their loans and guarantees. Based on this argument, the defendants sought leave to amend their pleadings to add affirmative defenses that included commercial impracticability, impossibility and invocation of force majeure. While most of the opinion addressed the doctrines of impracticability and impossibility, the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan also rejected the defendants’ force majeure argument, without elaboration, finding, “[t]he defense of force majeure, inapplicable to financial hardships, is also unavailable.” Id. at *5 (emphasis added).
Courts in other jurisdictions have considered whether the 2008 financial crisis constitutes a force majeure, with mixed results. See, e.g., In re Old Carco LLC, 452 B.R. 100, 119 (S.D.N.Y.2011) (invoking force majeure clause was proper); but see, Elavon, Inc. v. Wachovia Bank, et al., 841 F.Supp.2d 1298, 1308-09 (N.D.Ga.2011) (finding that no external force majeure prevented the defendant from continuing to perform under the agreement in question); Route 6 Outparcels, LLC v. Ruby Tuesday, Inc., 27 Misc.3d 1222(A), No. 2413-09, 2010 WL 1945738, *3-4 (N.Y.Sup. Ct. May 12, 2010) (finding that the defendant failed to demonstrate that it was prevented from complying with its contractual obligations due to events entirely outside of its control).
The bankruptcy court in Old Careo, which found that the force majeure clause was properly invoked, first noted that financial difficulties do not generally excuse a defaulting party’s performance. 452 B.R. at 119. However, the court found it significant that the force majeure clause at issue specifically included “change to economic conditions” as an enumerated event that could excuse a default:
The requirement that the event must be expressly identified in the force majeure clause in order to excuse performance is “especially true where the event relied upon to avoid performance is a market fluctuation.” United States v. Panhandle E. Corp., 693 F.Supp. 88, 96 (D.Del.1988). Therefore, while courts will not presume that a change in economic conditions constitutes an excuse for nonperformance, this does not preclude the parties from negotiating for such an excuse.
Id. at 119-20.
The court then went on to consider whether the event in question — a plant closing — was caused by both a change in economic conditions, and was outside of Old Careo’s control. Id. at 119-25. The court found in the affirmative as to both points, and further found that Old Careo had “exerted reasonable efforts to remain a viable business, perform its obligations, and retain the plant.” Id. at 125.
Faced with essentially the opposite facts, the court in Route 6, 2010 WL 1945738 at *3-4, reached a different conclusion in a case involving the alleged breach of a commercial lease agreement for a Ruby Tuesday restaurant. The operative force majeure clause excused performance based on events beyond the parties’ control, including, “without limitation, all labor disputes, governmental regulations or controls, fire or other casualty, inability to obtain any material, services, acts of God, or any other cause, whether similar or dissimilar to the foregoing, not within the control [of the parties].” Id. at *2. A change in financial circumstances was not included among the enumerated list of triggering events, unlike Old Carco.
The court found that while the “worldwide economic meltdown” was an event beyond Ruby Tuesday’s control, the critical inquiry was whether Ruby Tuesday was actually prevented from constructing a restaurant due to events entirely outside its control and through no fault of its own. Id. at *4. Construing the plain language of the force majeure clause, the court observed that courts are generally reluctant to excuse contractual non-performance based on claims of economic hardship and changing economic circumstances.
While noting that “it is a well established rule of contract law that force majeure clauses must be narrowly construed,” the court held that
even assuming for purposes of this motion that a severe economic downturn is a triggering event that falls within the broad “catchall” language of the force majeure clause, the Court concludes that Ruby Tuesday has failed to demonstrate that it was prevented from complying with its obligations under the Lease due to events entirely outside of its control.
Id. at *4. Rather, the court found that “all defendant has shown is that changing economic conditions have made it burdensome or more difficult to perform its contractual obligations.” Id. at *5. In particular, the court noted that Ruby Tuesday failed to identify the steps it took to perform its obligations under the lease, despite its financial difficulties. Id.
In Elavon, 841 F.Supp.2d at 1308-09, the court rejected the defendants’ argument that the 2008 economic crisis constituted a force majeure which excused the defendants’ obligations under the contract in question. Like the Route 6 case, the force majeure clause in Elavon did not include “financial crises” in the enumerated instances of force majeure. 841 F.Supp.2d at 1306-07. However, the agreement stated that the enumerated instances of force majeure were not exclusive but instead “without limitation as to other events beyond the control of the parities].” Id. Nonetheless, the court found that co-defendant Wells Fargo Bank chose to sign a contract when it knew that a merger with Wachovia was pending and knew of Wachovia’s contract with Elavon. Id. at 1306-07. Even if the financial market could be considered a force majeure, the court again noted that the contract’s force majeure clause did not include financial crises in the list of enumerated events. Id. Ultimately, regardless of whether the financial crisis of 2008 constituted a force majeure, the court concluded that no external force majeure prevented Wachovia from continuing to perform under the agreement in question. Id.
In Seitz v. Mark-O-Lite Sign Contractors, Inc., 210 N.J.Super. 646, 510 A.2d 319, 321 (N.J.Super. Ct. Law Div.1986), a force majeure decision that did not involve the 2008 financial crisis, the court considered whether a broad, or “catch-all,” force majeure clause could be construed to apply to circumstances or events different from those otherwise specifically enumerated in the clause. The allegedly breaching party sought to invoke the force majeure clause due to the physical disability of a key worker. Id. The force majeure clause provided:
The Company shall not be liable for any failure in the performance of its obligations under this agreement which may result from strikes or acts of labor union [sic], fires, floods, earthquakes, or acts of God, War or other conditions or contingencies beyond its control.
Id. In construing the clause, the court relied on the rule of ejusdem generis, and narrowly interpreted the catch-all language of the clause such that “only events or things of the same general nature or class as those specifically enumerated” fell within the clause to excuse a party’s nonperformance. Id. The court specifically found that the employee’s disability did not fall into the same class as that of labor strikes, fires, floods, earthquakes, war or acts of God. Id. Rather, it was a progressive aggravation of an underlying health problem. Id.
In this case, while the force majeure clause includes a laundry list of hardships that may suspend a party’s obligations under the Contract, it does not include financial crises or changes in financial conditions. Moreover, the remedies section, immediately following the force majeure clause, provides:
Such causes or contingencies affecting the performance of the Agreement by either party, however, shall not reheve it of liability in the event of its concurring negligence or in the event of its failure to use due diligence to remedy the situation and remove the cause in an adequate manner and with all reasonable dispatch, nor shall such causes or contingencies affecting the performance of this Agreement relieve either party from its obligation to make payments of amounts then due thereunder ....
(Tariff ¶ 10.2, Ex. B to Counterclaim [Doc. No. 80-2 at 48]) (emphasis added). Reading the contract as a whole, it would make little sense for the force majeure clause to excuse ESML’s obligation to make payments when the immediately succeeding remedies clause explicitly provides that neither party is excused from its obligation to make payments of amounts due under the Contract.
However, what is most determinative is the plain language of the Contract. The Contract is for the transportation of natural gas. Great Lakes’ obligation under the contract is to provide the transportation, and ESML’s obligation is to pay a fee for that service. The parties’ obligations are not conditioned on ESML’s ability to obtain financing, the status of the Nashwauk facility, or the status of the construction of any lateral pipelines necessary to transport natural gas to that facility. ESML’s claim that the parties intended for the Contract to commence with the simultaneous commencement of operations at the Nashwauk facility (Counterclaim ¶ 28 [Doc. No. 80]) is belied by the face of the Contract, which provides for a term from July 1, 2009 to March 31, 2024. Similarly, while ESML contends that the City of Nashwauk was responsible for building a lateral connecting pipeline, and failed to do so (id. ¶ 31), again, the Contract, between ESML’s predecessor and Great Lakes contains no such provisions or conditions.
The fact that ESML might not be able to obtain financing for the construction of the steel facility, even absent a global financial crisis, was a foreseeable event. Had MSI/ESML wanted to avoid its obligations under the Contract due to this possibility, it could have included a provision in the Contract conditioning its performance on the events which, ESML now contends, make its performance impossible or impracticable. ESML fails to connect its invocation of the force majeure clause directly with the terms of the Contract. It focuses on the financing needed for construction of the Nashwauk steel facility, but the Contract simply and plainly obligates ESML to make its monthly payments.
Finally, accepting ESML’s factual allegations as true, which this Court must under the Rule 12 standard, ESML fails to sufficiently allege facts demonstrating that it made reasonable efforts to sell its pipeline capacity on the secondary market, or took sufficient, specific measures in mitigation. For all of these reasons, the Court finds that ESML has failed to state a plausible claim for a declaratory judgment that, based on the force majeure clause, its duty to perform pursuant to the Contract is excused, without consequence, until the Nashwauk facility is in a position to require the delivery of natural gas.
C. ESML’s Claim for a Declaratory Judgment Based on Temporary Commercial Impracticability/Impossibility
The Court’s analysis of ESML’s alternative count based on the doctrines of commercial impracticability and impossibility is similar to its analysis regarding the force majeure clause. See Flathead-Michigan, 2011 WL 940048 at *4 (describing commercial impracticability, impossibility and force majeure as “overlapping defenses”); Steel Indus., Inc. v. Interlink Metals & Chems., Inc., 969 F.Supp. 1046, 1052, n. 17 (E.D.Mich.1997) (simultaneously relying on cases involving the doctrines of contract construction, force majeure and impracticability and finding them to dictate the same result).
In cases involving the defense of impracticability, courts applying Michigan law have cited to the Restatement Second of Contracts § 261 (1981), which provides that if “after a contract is made, a party’s performance is made impracticable without his fault by the occurrence of an event the nonoccurrence of which was a basic assumption on which the contract was made, his duty to render that performance is discharged, unless the language or the circumstances indicate to the contrary.” Karl Wendt Farm Equipment Co., Inc. v. Int’l Harvester Co., 931 F.2d 1112, 1116 (6th Cir.1991); Flathead-Michigan, 2011 WL 940048 at *4.
Other courts have specifically considered whether a fluctuating financial market permits a party to a contract to rely on the doctrine of impracticability. Citing comment b of the same section of the Restatement, the court in Seaboard Lumber Co. v. United States, 41 Fed. Cl. 401, 416 (Fed.Cl.1998), noted that' “ ‘the continuation of existing market conditions and of the financial situation of the parties are ordinarily not such assumptions, so that mere market shifts or financial ability do not usually effect discharge under the rule stated in this section.’ ” Rejecting the defense of impracticability, the court reasoned that “[i]f contracts were found to be breachable under such circumstances, there would be few contract breaches which could not be defended against based on such a claim. The state of the market is one of the things on which the parties are gambling when the contract ... is made.” Id. at 416-417. Applying similar reasoning, the court in Chainworks, Inc. v. Webco Industries, Inc., No. 1:05-CV-135, 2006 WL 461251, *5 (W.D.Mich. Feb. 24, 2006), likewise rejected a financial impracticability defense. The court found that “[the defendant] cannot, after the fact, alter the contract based on impracticability simply because it may have misread the market and entered into a contract which became a greater financial burden than originally expected.” Id.
Similar to the doctrine of impracticability, “[t]he doctrine of impossibility may extinguish a party’s liability under a contract if performance of the party’s promise becomes objectively impossible.” Oakwood of Cambridge, L.L.C. v. Kapsa, No. 289590, 2010 WL 2016294, *4 (Mich.Ct.App. May 20, 2010) (citing Roberts v. Farmers Ins. Exch., 275 Mich.App. 58, 737 N.W.2d 332 (2007)). While the unforeseeability of a supervening event
may produce an impossibility sufficient to extinguish liability, Vergote v. K Mart Corp., 158 Mich.App. 96, 404 N.W.2d 711 (1987), under Michigan law ‘[subsequent events which in the nature of things do not render performance impossible, but only render it more difficult, burdensome, or expensive, will not operate to relieve [a party of its contractual obligations.]’ Chase v. Clinton Co., 241 Mich. 478, 217 N.W. 565 (1928).
Id.
Michigan decisions on the impossibility doctrine have held that “ ‘unexpected financial difficulty, expense or hardship does not excuse a contractual promissor from performing his undertaking when the contract does not provide otherwise.’ ” Flathead-Michigan, 2011 WL 940048 at *4 (quoting Covenant Medical Management, Inc. v. Knepper, 2006 WL 3333021, *5 (E.D.Tenn. Nov. 16, 2006) (other citations omitted)). The Flathead court, addressing the same economic crisis which ESML argues excuses its performance, foundr that “[b]ecause the economic fluctuations of the past three years were not “unforeseeable,” and Defendants have not supplied reasons other than the economic downturn for the loan default, this defense is unavailable.” Id. at *5. The Court in Elavon, 841 F.Supp.2d at 1308-09 emphasized that the “impossibility” invoked by the party seeking an excuse for non-performance, must render impossible the party’s “performance of their obligations under the [agreement at issue].” The Elavon court found that the defendants, who argued that the 2008 financial crisis made their performance impossible, failed to identify evidence supporting their impossibility argument. Id.
In Ner Tamid Congregation of North Town v. Krivoruchko, 638 F.Supp.2d 913, 928, 933 (N.D.Ill.2009), the court held that the potential inability to obtain commercial financing is generally considered a foreseeable risk that can be readily guarded against by including financing contingency provisions in the contract. In Ner Tamid, the defendant/purchaser in a real estate transaction argued that the doctrines of impossibility and impracticability excused his performance under the contract. The defendant based his defense in this breach of contract suit on his inability to obtain the precise financing that he wanted, which, he argued, was a result of the real estate recession that began in 2007. Id. at 916.
But let us assume that the situation in the summer of 2007 was an acute event; Mr. Krivoruchko’s argument is nonetheless analytically incorrect. The question is not whether the “depth of the recession” was foreseeable, but rather, it is whether it was foreseeable that a lender might not provide him with financing in connection with the purchase of the Ner Tamid property. The foreseeability of that event is beyond debate.
Id. at 928.
The court noted that financing can be denied for any number of reasons and, moreover that “financing was not an assumption underlying the contract at all, let alone a basic assumption.” Id. at 928-29. In rejecting the defendant’s impossibility/impracticability defense, the court further found that the defendant failed to demonstrate that he had tried all practical, available alternatives that would have permitted his performance of the contract. Id. at 933.
Citing Ner Tamid, the court in YPI 180 N. LaSalle Owner, LLC v. 180 N. LaSalle II, LLC, 403 Ill.App.3d 1, 342 Ill.Dec. 879, 933 N.E.2d 860, 865-66 (2010), held that the 2008 financial crisis did not excuse the plaintiffs contractual obligations based on its alleged inability to obtain financing:
Even if the global credit crisis made it difficult, to nearly impossible, to procure the sought-after commercial financing, this is not the relevant issue. The primary issue is whether it was foreseeable that a commercial lender might not provide Younan and YPI with the financing they sought. See Ner Tamid Congregation of North Town v. Krivoruchko, 638 F.Supp.2d 913, 928 (N.D.Ill.2009). Even without the global credit crisis of 2008, it was foreseeable that a commercial lender might not provide Younan and YPI with the financing they sought. See Ner Tamid Congregation of North Town, 638 F.Supp.2d at 928.
Id.
ESML alleges that the 2008 financial crisis affected its ability to obtain the financing necessary for the Nashwauk facility. For the same reasons identified by the Court herein as to ESML’s force majeure allegations, the Court finds that the doctrines of impracticability and impossibility are inapplicable and, therefore, do not excuse or delay ESML’s performance under the Contract. It was completely foreseeable that ESML might not secure the necessary financing for the Nashwauk facility. Given that possibility, MSI/ESML could have conditioned its performance on obtaining such financing. It failed to do so.
In addition, ESML’s allegations with respect to mitigation are scant. It simply alleges that it “diligently sought financing for the [Nashwauk] Facility.” (Counterclaim ¶ 54 [Doc. No. 80].) ESML fails to sufficiently allege that it sought all reasonable alternatives in order to perform its obligations under the Contract. While ESML argues in its opposition memorandum, citing Paragraph 54 of the Counterclaim quoted above, that “it has alleged that it could not obtain any financing whatsoever” (ESML’s Opp’n Mem. at 31 [Doe. No. 374]), the allegation does not support such a sweeping statement. More importantly, ESML simply fails to allege facts sufficient to support its efforts at mitigation.
Moreover, this is not a case where the terms of the Contract are inconsistent or ambiguous. As noted herein, any reference to the parties’ subjective intent is unnecessary, as their “intent” is expressed in the plain language of the Contract.
Finally, ESML’s reliance on the decision of the Minnesota Court of Appeals in Burgi v. Eckes, 354 N.W.2d 514 (Minn.Ct.App.1984) is inapposite. In Burgi, a landlord’s duty to make major or structural repairs was suspended by reason of economic impossibility where the tenant’s filing of bankruptcy resulted in a drastic reduction in the tenant’s monetary obligations to the landlord. Id. at 518. The case does not apply Michigan law, nor does it involve the inability to obtain financing, or a national economic downturn. At most, it provides a general statement of Minnesota law as to the doctrines of impossibility or impracticability of performance.
The Court finds that ESML has failed to state a plausible claim for a declaratory judgment that, based on the doctrines of impossibility/impracticability, its duty to perform pursuant to the Contract is excused until the Nashwauk facility is in a position to require the delivery of natural gas. Accordingly, ESML’s count for a declaratory judgment based on the doctrines of impossibility and impracticability is dismissed.
D. ESNM’s Claim for Conversion
As to ESML’s claim for conversion, the underlying basis for this claim is predicated on the authority by which Great Lakes could draw upon the Letter of Credit. ESML alleges that Plaintiffs actions in drawing upon the Letter of Credit were without justification, because ESML’s performance under the Contract was excused by the “force majeure clause and the non-existence of the Nashwauk facility,” which the Court construes as the doctrines of impracticability/impossibility. (Counterclaim, Count III [Doc. No. 80].) In addition, ESML alleges that Plaintiffs legal right to draw upon the Letter of Credit is “unclear” because “FERC has issued an Order stating that it appears that Great Lakes’ rates are unreasonable and unlawful.” (Id.) ESML alleges that Great Lakes should not have taken any action with respect to the Letter of Credit until FERC “has resolved its inquiry.” (Id. ¶ 71.) Therefore, ESML argues that it has stated a plausible claim for conversion and dismissal is inappropriate.
Because the Court has concluded that ESML cannot state a claim based on those theories, it cannot state a claim for conversion, in any event. However, as to ESML’s allegation that the Letter of Credit was unlawfully drawn upon during the pendency of a rate inquiry, and therefore was unlawfully converted, ESML also fails to state a claim. First, the terms of the Contract provide that ESML would be charged based on Great Lakes’ “maximum rates and charges plus all applicable surcharges in effect from time to time under the applicable Rate Schedule on file with the [FERC] unless otherwise agreed to by the parties in writing.” (Contract ¶ 9, Ex. B to Counterclaim [Doc. No. 80-2].) The rates at issue are on file with a federal regulatory commission and there is nothing ambiguous or unclear about the rates, as they appear in the Contract.
Second, if the rates in the Contract were found to be unreasonable, 15 U.S.C. 717d(a) provides that FERC will decrease the rates to a reasonable level — it does not provide that FERC is authorized to find the Contract invalid. Under the terms of the Letter of Credit, if ESML fails to make payments consistent with the Contract, Great Lakes may draw upon the Letter of Credit for reimbursement. (Letter of Credit, Ex. C to Counterclaim [Doc. No. 80-3].) ESML does not appear to dispute the fact that it failed to make any payments under the Contract. A plain reading of the Letter of Credit and the Contract supports Great Lakes’ right to draw upon the Letter of Credit. Accordingly, for all of these reasons, ESML’s count of conversion fails to state a plausible claim for relief.
E. Allegations Regarding Misrepresentation
Although ESML asserts three counts for relief, i.e., conversion and two counts for a declaratory judgment, factual allegations in ESML’s Counterclaim contend that Great Lakes misrepresented its cost of service to transport natural gas, thereby overcharging MSI/ESML. (Counterclaim ¶¶ 25-26 [Doc. No. 80].) In its Opposition Memorandum, ESML contends that Great Lakes and former Third-Party Defendants, the TransCanada Entities, “were active participants” in a “scheme” to misrepresent the cost of Great Lakes’ service. (ESML’s Opp’n Mem. at 37 [Doc. No. 374].)
To the extent that ESML intends to plead a count of fraud or misrepresentation, it has not included a separate count to that effect in the Counterclaim. Moreover, the bare factual allegations of misrepresentation in the Counterclaim fail to state such a claim. Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 9(b) requires particularized pleading as to the “circumstances” constituting fraud allegations. Such “circumstances” include the “time, place and contents of false representations, as well as the identity of the person making the misrepresentation and what was obtained or given up thereby.” Bennett v. Berg, 685 F.2d 1053, 1062 (8th Cir.1982); Stark v. Monson, 07-CV-4374 (MJD/AJB), 2008 WL 189959, *8 (D.Minn. Jan. 22, 2008). Conclusory allegations of fraud are insufficient to satisfy Rule 9(b). See Commercial Prop. Invs., Inc. v. Quality Inns, Int'l, Inc., 61 F.3d 639, 644 (8th Cir.1995). The requirements of Rule 9(b) apply not only to fraud claims, but to any allegations of negligent or intentional misrepresentation. McGregor v. Uponor, Inc., 09-CV-1136 (ADM/JJK), 2010 WL 55985, *3 (D.Minn. Jan. 4, 2010) (citing Conwed Corp. v. Em ployers Reinsurance Corp., 816 F.Supp. 1360, 1363 (D.Minn.1993)).
The factual allegations in the Complaint as to Great Lakes’ misrepresentations are simply conclusory allegations, entirely lacking in specificity as to the “who, what, where, when and how” necessary to support a claim under Rule 9(b). See Drobnak v. Andersen Corp., 561 F.3d 778, 783 (8th Cir.2009). Accordingly, to the extent that ESML alleges a misrepresentation claim against Great Lakes, it fails as a matter of law.
F. Role of FERC
The Court is unpersuaded by ESML’s argument that additional discovery is needed, or that the resolution of complaints lodged with FERC about Great Lake’s charged rates makes dismissal inappropriate.
Pursuant to the National Gas Act, FERC is given rate authority over companies that engage in either the sale or the transportation of natural gas. Section 4 of the Act requires natural gas companies to file all rates and contracts with FERC. See 15 U.S.C. § 717(c) (2005). Section 5(a) authorizes FERC to determine whether any rate or charge, or contract affecting such a rate or charge, is unjust and unreasonable, and provides that FERC may determine a just and reasonable rate. 15 U.S.C. § 717d(a) (2012).
“... [I]t is long established that FERC views pure questions of the interpretation of FERC-approved contracts as falling within the jurisdiction of the district courts.” Portland General Elec. Co. v. City of Glendale, Civil No. 05-1321-PK, 2007 WL 1655545, *5 (D.Or. June 1, 2007) (citing Doswell Ltd. P’ship v. Va. Elec. & Power Co., 61 F.E.R.C. ¶ 61, 196 at 61, 731 (1992)). In a case for declaratory relief involving the sale and purchase of electric energy, the court in Portland General noted that interpretation of the contract would not, in itself, usurp any FERC function in determining fair rates or jurisdictionally infringe upon FERC’s authority:
To provide the declaratory relief that [the plaintiff] requests, this court will not be required to make any determination of reasonableness. Instead, this court will be called upon to interpret specified contractual provisions of the parties’ Agreement, without looking beyond the four corners of the document. Because this court’s declaration will neither modify the terms of the Agreement nor evaluate its formulary rates against any standard of fairness, reason, or justice, the interpretation of the contract will not, in itself, constitute an usurpation of any FERC function.
Id.
The Court finds that FERC’s inquiry or ruling — the Counterclaim uses both terms — does not affect whether this Court may rule on Plaintiffs Motion to Dismiss. In deciding this motion, the Court is concerned with the terms of the Contract and the interpretation of those terms, without regard to the reasonableness of the rates charged. Any determination of reasonableness of rates is within the jurisdiction of FERC. What is before the Court and what is before FERC are entirely distinct issues. The Court has full authority to rule on Plaintiffs motion, and, in doing so, the Court does not impinge upon FERC’s authority.
G. Leave to Amend
In the portion of its opposition argument concerning the now-dismissed Third Party Defendants, ESML argues that if the Court finds that it has not alleged facts sufficient to show an injustice occurred so that it may pierce the corporate veil, it should be given leave to amend the Counterclaim. (ESML’s Opp’n Mem. at 36-38 [Doc. No. 374].) In its memorandum, ESML includes the following proposed allegations:
1. The TransCanada Entities and Great Lakes misrepresented facts to MSI about the quantity of capacity that MSI would need when the [Nashwauk] Facility was fully operational, and the TransCanada Entities and Great Lakes collectively induced MSI to enter into a 25-year contract at the highest Tariff rate.
2. TransCanada Pipelines Limited has entered into dozens of TSAs with Great Lakes and now owns the largest stake of transmission capacity in the Western zone of Great Lakes’ pipeline (running from Emerson to the Central zone), or approximately 49% of the total capacity of the pipeline.
3. As a result of these TSAs, and due to a known lack of demand in the market for capacity in the Western zone of Great Lakes’ pipeline, TransCanada Pipelines Limited and Great Lakes have made it impossible for ESML — Great Lakes’ largest non-affiliated customer — to fairly re-market its capacity to third-parties.
4. TransCanada Pipelines Limited, on the other hand has a distinct advantage over ESML because of the favorable rates that TransCanada Pipelines Limited has obtained in its TSAs with Great Lakes. For example, if a third-party has an option to purchase gas from ESML (which has excess capacity due to greater efficiencies in its [Nashwauk] Facility plans and the advancement of technology) or TransCanada Pipelines Limited — TransCanada Pipelines Limited will always win because it can underbid ESML.
(Id. at 37-38 [Doc. No. 374].)
Courts will grant leave to amend only if the proposed amendment would not be futile. Where the proposed amendment would not withstand a Rule 12(b)(6) motion, denial of leave to amend is appropriate. In re Senior Cottages of America, LLC, 482 F.3d 997, 1001 (8th Cir.2007). Some of the proposed amended language that concerns the former Third-Party Defendants, the TransCanada Entities, is now moot, as they have been dismissed from the case. To the extent that the proposed amendments concern Great Lakes, the Court finds that the proposed amendments cannot salvage any of the counts in ESML’s Counterclaim.
For the reasons identified above, the language in Paragraph 1 fails to include the specific information necessary to support a claim for misrepresentation. In addition, while the language proposed in Paragraphs 2-4 alleges mitigating circumstances that might be applicable to ESML’s declaratory judgment counts, they are wholly conclusory. They do not allege facts showing a duty on Great Lakes’ part to determine the quantity of capacity needed by ESML.
Moreover, in some ways, these mitigation allegations undercut ESML’s position. For example, in Paragraph 3, ESML alleges a “known lack of demand in the market for capacity in the Western zone of Great Lakes’ pipeline.” Presumably, MSI was aware of this “known lack of demand” at the time it entered into the Contract. Moreover, the hypothetical situation in Paragraph 4 alleges a non-existing situation, referring to ESML’s “excess capacity due to greater efficiencies in the [Nashwauk] Facility plans.” As the Nashwauk facility is not even operational, an allegation that hypothesizes about its existence provides no basis for ESML’s claim and is futile. For all of these reasons, the Court denies ESML’s request for leave to amend its Counterclaim, as the proposed amendments would be futile.
H.Rule 12(f) Motion to Strike as Redundant
Finally, Great Lakes also moves the Court for an order striking ESML’s declaratory judgment claims (Counts I & II) as redundant. Although the Court has found that the claims should be dismissed on the merits, it also finds that Counts I and II should be dismissed or stricken as redundant. This Court has held that where a “proposed counterclaim and the plaintiffs’ claim raise identical factual and legal issues[, the] proposed counterclaim is redundant and will be moot upon disposition of the plaintiffs’ claims. A redundant declaratory judgment claim is not a proper declaratory judgment claim and should be dismissed.” Mille Lacs Band of Chippewa Indians v. State of Minn., 152 F.R.D. 580, 582 (D.Minn.1993) (citing Aldens, Inc. v. Packel, 524 F.2d 38, 51-51 (3d Cir.1975)).
“When deciding whether to dismiss a counterclaim as redundant, courts consider whether the declaratory judgment serves a useful purpose.” Gratke v. Andersen Windows, Inc., 10-CV-963 (PJS/LIB), 2010 WL 5439763, *3 (D.Minn. Dec. 8, 2010) (citations omitted). Such an analysis “requires consideration of whether resolution of plaintiffs claim, along with the affirmative defenses asserted by defendants, would resolve all questions raised by the counterclaim.” Id. (citing Daily v. Federal Ins. Co., 2005 WL 14734 at *6 (N.D.Cal. Jan. 3, 2005)). In this case, resolution of Plaintiffs claims, including Defendants’ affirmative defenses, would resolve the questions presented by ESML’s claims seeking a declaratory judgment based on the force majeure clause, or, alternatively, the doctrines of impossibility/impracticability. Accordingly, the Court finds that, even if it had not found that ESML’s claims should be dismissed under Rule 12, Counts I and II should be stricken, or dismissed, as redundant. THEREFORE, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED THAT:
1. Plaintiffs Motion to Dismiss for Failure to State a Claim and to Strike Defendant’s Pleading [Doc. No. 364] is GRANTED; and
2. ESML’s Counterclaim (Counts I-III) is DISMISSED.
. While the Essar Defendants filed a joint answer to the Amended Complaint, the Counterclaim is asserted solely by Defendant ESML. (Counterclaim [Doc. No. 80].)
. Because Third-Party Defendants were in the case at the time that ESML filed its response memorandum, ESML also argued that consideration under Rule 12(c) of Plaintiffs and Third-Party Defendants’ Motions to Dismiss was also improper. Because Rule 12(c) motions may only be brought when the pleadings have closed, and because Third-Party Defendants had not answered the Third-Party Complaint, ESML argued that the motions to dismiss should be denied as premature. Because Third-Party Defendants have since been dismissed from the case and because Plaintiff has filed its Answer to ESML’s Counterclaim, the Rule 12(c) requirement of closed pleadings is met, and ESML's argument with respect to Rule 12(c) is moot.
. On July 2, 2010, Plaintiff filed its Reply to ESML's Counterclaim [Doc. No. 91] and also filed a motion to dismiss pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6) [Doc. No. 93], In October 2010, the Court stayed the parties' Rule 12 motions while the parties conducted jurisdictional discovery [Doc. 190], and in January 2011, the Court ordered the parties to withdraw the pending Rule 12 motions without prejudice [Doc. No. 265]. In March 2011, pursuant to the Amended Pretrial Scheduling Order [Doc. No. 272], the Court ordered the parties to file all dispositive motions by September 1, 2011. On September 1, 2011, Plaintiff filed the instant motion in accordance with the scheduling order.
. ESML argues that '‘reliance” on Burkhardt v. Bailey is inapposite because that decision addressed contract interpretation in an assignment clause. In addition, ESML argues that it does not ask this Court to re-write the Contract. (ESML’s Opp’n Mem. at 23, n. 12.) The Court cites Burkhardt for the general proposition that dear and unambiguous contractual language is interpreted in accordance with the written terms of the contract.
. The court also noted that the loan agreements did not contain a force majeure clause. 2011 WL 940048 at *5, n. 1.
| CASELAW |
Galliformes
Cracidae - These are species of tropical and subtropical Central and South America.
Numididae - This is a family of insect and seed-eating, ground-nesting birds that resemble partridges, but with featherless heads, though both members of the genus Guttera have a distinctive black crest, and the Vulturine Guineafowl has a downy brown patch on the nape.
Megapodiidae - Megapodes do not incubate their eggs with their body heat as other birds do, but bury them.
Phasianidae - The Phasianidae is a family of birds which consists of the pheasants and partridges, and including the junglefowl , Old World quail, francolins, monals and peafowl.
Odontophoridae - New World quails are generally short winged, necked and tailed .
Order : Galliformes
Animal of the Day
Animal of the day on Facebook | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
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242 me immediately. As I said before, I had presentiments; and it was not altogether insanity that was at the root of it
"But, great heavens! do forgive me for that word! It slipped out of my mouth," she cried; but yet she stood quite quietly, and did not come over to me.
I was inflexible, and went on. I stood there and prattled, with the painful consciousness that I bored her, that not one of my words went home, and all the same I did not cease.
At bottom one might be a fairly sensitive nature, even if one were not insane, I ventured to say. There were natures that fed on trifles, and died just for one hard word's sake; and I implied that I had such a nature. The fact was, that my poverty had in that degree sharpened certain powers in me, so that they caused me unpleasantness. Yes, I assure you honestly, unpleasantness; worse luck! But this had also its advantages. It helped me in certain situations in life. The poor intelligent man is a far nicer observer than the rich intelligent man. The poor man looks about him at every step he takes, listens suspiciously to every word he hears from the people he | WIKI |
Talk:Anita Doth
Name
Help! Is Anita's real surname really Dels? I thought that DOTH was her surname and DELS is the stage name? Can anyone clarify? This would explain why she was Dels during 2 Unlimited and Doth as a solo artist. Because it doesn't make any sense to change your name to a pseudonym when you become a solo artist.
Well, in those days we knew them by the names Ray & Anita. In some teen magazines I recall their surnames were written as Slijngaard and Doth. On the album jackets also. Stage name was Doth then. UlashimaUlashima 14:28, 19 May 2006 (UTC)
* In the UK, she was definitely known as Dels during the 2 Unlimited period. It said Dels on all the credits to the albums. I'm still unsure as to all this.
* I have only known her as Anita Doth, also during the 2 Unlimited period (I'm Dutch). According to this page of the Dutch National Pop Music Institute Anita Dels has performed in three different projects. Being: 2 Unlimited, Divas of Dance and Anita Doth, therefore I assume that Dels must be her real name and Doth the pseudonym. On the site's Divas of Dance page it says this group consist of Linda Estelle, Anita Doth and Des'ray, the latter also being a pseudonym. On this page the three real names are mentioned. Black1Night 10:24, 3 July 2006 (UTC)
* Like the other people mentioned as well. Dels is her official surname and Dots is the stage name. Anita is always named A.D. Dels in the credits in the booklet, eg. 1: "No Limit" 3'44" (P. Wilde, J.P. De Coste, R.L. Slijngaard, A.D. Dels) KittenKlub 16:28, 8 August 2006 (UTC)
Ethnic Origin
Do we know what ethnic origin Anita is? Ray is half Surinamese and half (white) Dutch. Do we have similar details on Anita? Triangle e 12:37, 25 December 2006 (UTC)
ZDF performance Germany
Hi, I remember and also have that video and I must say, this performance is a bit run-of-the-mill. I'll be damned if this is not 100% playback? (yes not even the singing is live, because it appears a little bit too synchronous to be possibly regarded "live"). -andy <IP_ADDRESS> 06:34, 16 February 2007 (UTC)
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It is the result of the increasing awareness about people’s rights and pressure of the public opinion, that all across the globe, democratic governments and their leaders are changing rapidly now. In most of the countries in Europe, the government is changing every two years, the reason behind which is that the people do not want the same ruling dispensation for more than two years in a row. Two Prime Ministers stepped into office in the year 2022 in Britain alone.
These details have come to the fore with a recent study conducted by the Pew Research Centre, in which the average tenure of the governments of Britain along with the European Union’s 22 other countries following World War II till 2022 was calculated. And it was seen that in most of the European countries, the government got changed once in every two years. The governments with the shortest tenure were formed in Belgium, Italy, and Finland, and they could hold office for far less time periods as compared to the one decided by the Constitution.
On the other hand, the average tenure of the government was the longest in Luxemburg with 4.5 years, even though even this was less than the determined time period of 5 years. As per the Pew Research Centre study, it is not necessary that the changes take place through elections only; coalitions between political parties which resulted in a majority in the parliament also led to the change of government, of which Britain is an example, where two new Prime Ministers came to office without elections.
This has happened in all the European countries, and this is very common in countries like Belgium, Estonia, Finland, Italy, Latvia, Poland, and Slovenia, where at least two different governments have formed and fallen during the decided tenure of the ruling regime. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Dicranopteris linearis
Dicranopteris linearis is a common species of fern known by many common names, including Old World forked fern, uluhe (Hawaiian), and dilim (Filipino). It is one of the most widely distributed ferns of the wet Old World tropics and adjacent regions, including Polynesia and the Pacific. In parts of the New World tropics its niche is filled by its relative, Dicranopteris pectinatus.
This rhizomatous fern spreads via cloning, spreading along the ground and climbing on other vegetation, often forming thickets 3 metres deep or more. The stem grows from the rhizome, branches at a 45° angle, and forms fronds that continue to bud and branch. In this way the growth can continue for a long distance as the plant forms a mat, grows over itself in layers, and spreads. When climbing, the leafy branches can reach over 6 metres long and can climb 10 high when supported by a tree. The ultimate segments of the leaves are linear in shape, up to 7 centimeters long by a few millimeters wide. The undersides are hairy and sometimes waxy. It can also reproduce via spores.
The fern grows easily on poorly drained, nutrient-poor soils and in disturbed habitats and steep slopes. It does not tolerate shade, so once established it will eventually be shaded out by taller vegetation unless it climbs above it. It may suppress the growth of new stands of trees, especially when it becomes a dense thicket.
The fern is a keystone species in Hawaiian ecosystems, and dominates many areas in Hawaiian rainforests. It occurs on all the main Hawaiian islands. As a pioneer species in ecological succession, it can colonize bare sites such as lava flows, talus, and abandoned roads. When the fern grows onto a new site it produces layers of stems and leaves repeatedly until there is a network of vegetation. The leaves die and the stems are very slow to decompose, so the network persists. The network then fills with organic forest detritus, forming a litter layer which can be a meter thick. The network is penetrated by the fern's rhizomes and roots, such that the fern serves as its own substrate. Where the fern is eliminated, invasive species of plants can move in, so "one important function" of the fern is to prevent these plants from encroaching on the rainforest. The fern may have allelopathic effects, preventing the growth of other plants. Also, the fern is a very productive member of the forest ecosystem; despite being a relatively small amount of the biomass in the forest it accounts for over half of the primary productivity in some areas.
This plant is used medicinally to treat intestinal worms in Indochina, skin ulcers and wounds in New Guinea, and fever in Malaysia. In vitro samples of the fern kill bacteria.
The Diliman district in Quezon City in the Philippines' National Capital Region derived its name from Dicranopteris linearis, locally known as "Dilim" (the suffix "-an" indicates a place where something, in this case the fern, is common). As such, it is also the origin of the name of the University of the Philippines Diliman campus.
The fiddleheads of the fern are used in floral arrangements. | WIKI |
Giorgi Guliashvili
Giorgi Guliashvili (გიორგი გულიაშვილი; born 5 September 2001) is a Georgian professional footballer who plays as a second striker for Bosnian Premier League club Sarajevo. He has regularly played for the Georgian U21 national team.
Club career
Guliashvili started playing for Saburtalo after having advanced into the first team through the academy ranks. He made a debut in Erovnuli Liga on 28 May 2019 when at the age of 17 he came on the pitch as a substitute in a 3–0 win against WIT Georgia. At the end of this season Guliashvili won two nominations at the annual awards ceremony organized by the Football Federation - Goal of the Season for the goal scored in a 2–0 win over Croatia U19s and the Alexander Chivadze Golden award for under-19 players.
He gradually secured a place in the team, playing for Saburtalo as a regular squad member during the next three seasons. Guliashvili netted his first top-league goal on 24 July 2020 against Torpedo Kutaisi.
He left the club in January 2023 and moved to Bosnian side Sarajevo for an undisclosed fee. In August 2023, he was loaned to Velež for one season. While the latter finished 3rd in the league, Guliashvili was selected among the best eleven players of the season.
International career
Guliashvili was a member of the Georgia national under-21 team. He took part in UEFA 2023 under 21 championship, scoring a leveller against Belgium.
He has represented Georgia at all youth levels.
Team
Saburtalo Tbilisi
* Erovnuli Liga: 2018
* Georgian Cup: 2019, 2021
* Georgian Super Cup: 2020
Individual
* Goal of the Season: 2019
* Best under-19 player: 2019 | WIKI |
Every painting, poem, novel, song, drawing etc is a product of that special initial moment of inspiration in the life of an artist.
I agree with Wayne Shumaker who said, “In the lives of some poets, however simple or various, the works grow naturally out of the recorded events, or are in themselves simple events…”
“The Negro Speaks of Rivers” by famous African American poet Langston Hughes is a case in point. It is considered to be one of the most amazing poems from the black world which was instigated by one identifiable moment in the life of the poet.
It is said that Hughes wrote this brief poem in just about 15 minutes, with a shivering hand in July, 1920 when he was aged 17. He had just graduated from high school, and was on a train heading to Mexico City where he would spend just over a year with his father, a man he barely knew.
Hughes says that he was crossing the Mississippi just outside of St Louis when inspiration struck. The poem came to his mind and heart after looking down into the muddy water of the Mississippi which was turning golden in the sunset. The poet suddenly turned the memory of the history and survival of his people into brilliant lines.
In that breathless poem, Hughes traces the critical historical moments in the lives of the black people. He indicates that black people have always been around and they are, in fact, as ancient as all the major rivers of the world.
Hughes shows that the Negro has always been around the great rivers like the Euphrates and the Congo. The Negro participated in the construction of the pyramids of Egypt along the Nile. The Negro was involved in both the founding of the US and the American Civil War.
Hughes honours the wisdom and strength which allowed African-Americans to survive and flourish in the face of all adversity, most particularly the last few centuries of slavery.
Jorge Rebelo, is the great Mozambican poet who participated in the war of the liberation of Mozambique in the 1970’s. He and others wrote poems during that war.
Rebelo will most likely be remembered for his poem titled “Poem”.
A work of genius, “Poem” is important for arguing on why and how revolutionary poetry should be simple and useful. Jorge Rebelo said he would “forge simple words” that “even children can understand.
Written on the move or at the spur of the moment and between battles, there was the pressure to record a thought, a philosophy about the struggle. Yet the seeming simplicity and innocence of Rebelo’s poems were the diamond-hardness of his poetic vision.
When Rebelo says “in our land, bullets (are) beginning to flower,” he probably means that the revolution is now beginning to bear fruit and that victory was certain. He also means that the war is now all over Mozambique.
Considered as one of the greatest novels to come out of Zimbabwe, Charles Mungoshi’s Waiting for the Rain, published in 1975, is a book that was saved by a moment in the life of the writer.
This novel is a story about Lucifer Mandengu who has been to mission school and is now considered elite and very educated. He has just been offered a scholarship to go abroad and train as an artist. Before he leaves, he boards a rural bus towards home to bid his people farewell.
Mungoshi says when he began writing Waiting for the Rain, he actually had a short story in mind (but) “… the story kept on expanding and before I knew I had over 100 pages of script on A4 on my hands”.
And yet, Mungoshi felt the story was dull and he actually abandoned it for some time until one crucial moment.
Mungoshi says: “Then one day I went to my local beer hall and there I watched that Jerusalem drum expert and the people. Looking at them, I was suddenly touched by – the sense, their feeling of being family, and seeing each of them with his or her problems and the drummer trying to assuage these with his unifying drum… Anyway, through them at that moment, I had found out that this story was as urgent as the message of the drum…”
The essence of this prize winning novel is about grappling with the issues of home, identity and belonging in the changing times. Through it, Mungoshi is constantly asking key questions: Do we truly belong to this land? Is it possible to belong here and elsewhere? What must we change and what exactly must continue and why? Is there any space for the individual in our quest for collective glory? Are we right? Are we wrong? – Excerpted from MENAFN/The Post | FINEWEB-EDU |
Smart Water Management using IoT Internet of Things Technologies
/ Industrial IoT / Connected Industry / Smart Water Management using IoT Internet of Things Technologies
smart water management
Smart Water Management using IoT Internet of Things Technologies
Water scarcity is the lack of sufficient available water resources to meet the demands of water usage within a region, which is, according to the “United Nations Development Programme,” caused mainly by poor management of those resources, affecting around 1.2 billion people around the world.
The Internet of Things as a technology holds great potential to solve life-threatening problems in various angles of our daily life of which is the “Water Scarcity” through smart, instant and predictable management.
In every part of the water cycle, IoT can be utilized to manage water resources better and reach efficient and optimal results.
the water cycle
The current authorities’ behavior towards water management somehow lacks the proper tools to analyze trends and behavior of people that results in weak water distribution programs and plans.
On the other hand, the consumer lack proper tools to stay tuned and alerted to water usage and consumption as well as storage remaining capacity, factors that add to improper water consumption.
How the Internet of Things assists in determining water demand in a city?
One of the crucial challenges of water management, as well as conservation in a city, is to determine the amount of water that any particular city is going to utilize during the next day. This can be calculated to precision with the use of predictive analytics. This is done by keeping a track on the history of water consumption in the city on any given day. Based on the historical data collected and analyzed by predictive analytics and combined with the consideration of special events, holidays, as well as the weather in that city, authorities can determine the amount of water that the entire population is going to consume in one day.
When we know the amount of water that is required for overall consumption in a city on any given day, it becomes easy for the water authorities to maintain the level of water in a water reservoir/ tank and then pump the water into overhead tanks as required throughout the day.
Internet of Things and Water Management: Smart Irrigation
Currently, we can all witness water waste in the irrigation process-taking place where it is based on automated scheduling patterns. This means the irrigation process will happen at a particular time and for a fixed duration regardless of weather conditions and soil wetness.
On the other hand, the Internet of Things can be used for getting the right amount of water at the right destination for the right duration and only when needed. This will be the job of special soil sensors and weather sensors that will communicate their readings to a particular server that can, in turn, read weather forecasts in the city to determine the right irrigation decision which will result in commanding the watering valve to open and close.
Among the benefits of Industrial IoT in Water Management
Internet of Things technology also helps in scheduling the maintenance as well as the shutdown of pumps on a regular basis. There are optimization techniques that can beforehand convey to the residents of a city regarding the unavailability of water during any particular point in time. This helps the water regulation authorities not only in meeting the adequate water demands in a city; rather it also aids in the conservation of resources and energy.
smart water management
Another advantage of the Internet of Things in smart water management is the reduction in energy pricing and consumption. Predictive analytics can be used to calculate the price of energy during different hours in a day. This information can then be used for scheduling the pumps throughout a day in such a way that there is no loss of additional energy or resources.
This is just the start in discovering the potential benefits on our daily life using this revolutionary and disruptive IoT technology.
FAQs about smart water management using IoT
What is smart water management in IoT?
Smart water management in IoT involves the use of Internet of Things (IoT) devices and technology to monitor, analyze, and optimize water usage, distribution, and treatment processes. It enables real-time data collection and smart decision-making to enhance overall water efficiency.
How is IoT used in water supply?
IoT is used in water supply by deploying sensors and smart devices to monitor water infrastructure, detect leaks, measure water quality, and optimize distribution. This real-time data helps utilities improve efficiency, reduce waste, and ensure a reliable water supply.
What is IoT-based smart wastewater management system?
An IoT-based smart wastewater management system utilizes sensors and IoT technology to monitor and manage the collection, treatment, and disposal of wastewater. It enables remote monitoring, predictive maintenance, and data-driven insights to improve the efficiency of wastewater processes.
What are the advantages of a smart water monitoring system using IoT?
The advantages of a smart water monitoring system using IoT include real-time detection of leaks, efficient water distribution, improved water quality management, reduced water wastage, and the ability to respond quickly to maintenance issues. It leads to enhanced sustainability and cost-effectiveness in water management.
Mohannad Y. SalamThis article was written by Mohannad Salam, with the blend between software architecture, team leadership, project management, entrepreneurial ambitions and skills along with senior strategic planning allowed me successfully to handle various executive & management roles among which was lately by “RUBICS” which is now among the leaders in MENA region providing Industrial Internet of Things solutions & services. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Haven't You Heard (Patrice Rushen song)
"Haven't You Heard" is a song by Patrice Rushen. It became her first international hit in 1980. The song reached #42 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 and #7 R&B. It also reached #62 in the UK.
Reception
In 2018, Pitchfork ranked "Haven't You Heard" #199 on its list of The 200 Best Songs of the 1970s, calling it "a formally perfect expression of disco. This kind of intimacy, personified by the whispery translucence of Rushen's voice, is just as easily exported to the dance floor." | WIKI |
FC Khimik-Avgust Vurnary
FC Khimik-Avgust Vurnary (ФК «Химик-Август») was a Russian football team based in Vurnary, Chuvashia.
Club history
The team began to participate in amateur competitions in 1994. In the 2018–19 season, it first entered the Russian Cup.
For the 2022–23 season, Khimik-August received a professional license for the Russian Second League.
On 22 December 2023, the club announced that the professional team will be abandoned, and only children's football academy will remain under the name. | WIKI |
The culture of lawyers putting on wigs as part of their courtroom dress code came as a result of the prevailing practices of that period. Basically, it can be rightly said that it has its roots in fashion.
Not until the 17th century, lawyers were expected to appear in court with clean, short hair and beard. Portraits of judges from the early 1680’s still show judges who had their natural hair with no wigs on. It was Charles 11 who was the king of the United Kingdom from 1660 to 1685 who returned from France and brought with him the trend of putting on periwig from Louis xiv’s court; and from then on, the English society adopted the trend as did barristers.
However, wigs in those days Wigs were also worn for some other reasons.
1. There were people who wore wigs in order to hide the fact that they were getting bald. These set of people were usually wealthy like Louis xiv because wigs were costly during that period.
2. There were those who wore wigs as to prevent people from knowing that they shaved their hair, because there was a prevalent infestation of lice and other diseases in those days.
Furthermore, Wigs gradually went out of fashion during the reign of George 111 (1760-1820). By the end of the century, they were mainly worn by Bishops, Coachmen, and men of the legal profession. During this period that the wearing of wigs were becoming less fashionable in the society, lawyers and judges felt that it sufficiently differentiated or made them stand out from the rest of the society thus their continued interest in wearing wigs.
3. In recent times, many judges and lawyers who wear wigs have argued that it brings a sense of formality and solemnity to legal proceedings. According to Kevin Newton, a Washington DC lawyer, the above reason is in fact, the overwhelming point of having them (wigs). Some others argue that wig is a symbol of anonymity, an attempt to distance the wearer from having personal involvement in a case and also a way to visually emphasize on the supremacy of the law.
However, in Britain, the tradition of wearing wig in court was challenged in 2007 in a case presided over by Lord chief justice Baron Philips of worth matravers. The chief justice held in the case that wigs would no longer be worn during civil or family cases. But wigs and robes are still to be used in criminal trials.
Why lawyers wear wigs in the court room
Most common wealth countries still entertain the wearing of wigs and gowns in their courts. Nigeria is a case study. In Nigeria, all the lawyers and judges still wear wigs during proceedings; however, this is dependent on the court they are appearing in. For instance, in the magistrates courts, lawyers are not required to appear on wigs and gowns while pursuing a suit. But the full robe of wig and gown is required in other courts starting from the high court upwards.
Some criticism to the wearing of wigs by lawyers
There have been so many criticisms of wigs by many scholars who advocate for its stoppage.
1. That it has colonial origin
In Africa, it is almost half a century since the colonialists left; however, it seems that they left their wigs behind. Wigs as worn by lawyers and judges are not indigenous to the African community, thus they are seen as a continuation of the relics of colonialism. Many writers have lamented that it is appalling to see one of the most enlightened institutions still following the footsteps of the colonialists even at a period where Africa is seeking emancipation from colonial influences in many areas.
Wigs have also been criticized on the ground that it makes for the discomfort of the person wearing it. Africa as a continent has cases of high temperature; it is unreasonable and unbecoming for a lawyer or a judge to wear wigs in such temperatures in the name that it befits the profession.
Some legal practitioners are so untidy in their approach to the profession that it becomes an eye saw to see the robes. The most dreaded part of it is that the so called wig is white in color and shows when it is not properly taken care of. So, wig is criticized on the ground that it defaces the profession when not properly taken care of.
So far I have listed and explained some of the reasons why lawyers put on wigs. Accordingly, I pointed out major criticisms that have been layed on the wearing of wig among lawyers. I believe this post has done justice to this topic already. | FINEWEB-EDU |
NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | OPTIONS | EXAMPLES | SEMAPHORES | SEE ALSO | BUGS | COLOPHON
DTRACE(1) General Commands Manual DTRACE(1)
NAME top
dtrace - Dtrace compatible user application static probe generation
tool.
SYNOPSIS top
dtrace -s file [OPTIONS]
DESCRIPTION top
The dtrace command converts probe descriptions defined in file.d into
a probe header file via the -h option or a probe description file via
the -G option.
OPTIONS top
-h generate a systemtap header file.
-G generate a systemtap probe definition object file.
-o file
is the name of the output file. If the -G option is given
then the output file will be called file.o; if the -h option
is given then the output file will be called file.h.
-C run the cpp preprocessor on the input file when the -h option
is given.
-I file
give this include path to cpp when the -C option is given.
-k keep temporary files, for example the C language source for
the -G option.
EXAMPLES top
Systemtap is source compatible with dtrace user application static
probe support. Given a file test.d containing:
provider sdt_probes
{
probe test_0 (int type);
probe test_1 (struct astruct node);
};
struct astruct {int a; int b;};
Then the command "dtrace -s test.d -G" will create the probe defini‐
tion file test.o and the command "dtrace -stest.d -h" will create the
probe header file test.h Subsequently the application can use the
generated macros this way:
#include "test.h"
...
struct astruct s;
...
SDT_PROBES_TEST_0(value);
...
if (SDT_PROBES_TEST_1_ENABLED())
SDT_PROBES_TEST_1(expensive_function(s));
SEMAPHORES top
Semaphores are flag variables used by probes as a way of bypassing
potentially costly processing to prepare arguments for probes that
may not even be active. They are automatically set/cleared by
systemtap when a relevant script is running, so the argument setup
cost is only paid when necessary. These semaphore variables are
defined within the the "test.o" object file, which must therefore be
linked into an application.
Sometimes, semaphore variables are not necessary nor helpful.
Skipping them can simplify the build process, by omitting the extra
"test.o" file. To skip dependence upon semaphore variables, include
"<sys/sdt.h>" within the application before "test.h":
#include <sys/sdt.h>
#include "test.h"
...
struct astruct s;
...
SDT_PROBES_TEST_0(value);
...
if (SDT_PROBES_TEST_1_ENABLED())
SDT_PROBES_TEST_1(cheap_function(s));
In this mode, the ENABLED() test is fixed at 1.
SEE ALSO top
stap(1),
stappaths(7)
BUGS top
Use the Bugzilla link of the project web page or our mailing list.
http://sourceware.org/systemtap/ , <systemtap@sourceware.org>.
error::reporting(7stap),
https://sourceware.org/systemtap/wiki/HowToReportBugs
COLOPHON top
This page is part of the systemtap (a tracing and live-system
analysis tool) project. Information about the project can be found
at ⟨https://sourceware.org/systemtap/⟩. If you have a bug report for
this manual page, send it to systemtap@sourceware.org. This page was
obtained from the project's upstream Git repository
⟨git://sourceware.org/git/systemtap.git⟩ on 2018-10-29. (At that
time, the date of the most recent commit that was found in the repos‐
itory was 2018-10-26.) If you discover any rendering problems in
this HTML version of the page, or you believe there is a better or
more up-to-date source for the page, or you have corrections or
improvements to the information in this COLOPHON (which is not part
of the original manual page), send a mail to man-pages@man7.org
DTRACE(1) | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Queen Elizabeth I: England’s Greatest Monarch
1. Queen Elizabeth I: England's Greatest Monarch
Queen Elizabeth I is considered one of the greatest monarchs in England’s history. She ruled during a time of peace at home and abroad and managed to maintain England’s stability. Her decision not to marry was due to political reasons and she influenced arts and religion. The queen never got married albeit the many marriage proposals that she received. Among her suitors were Archduke Charles, Philip II of Spain, Adolphus the Duke of Holstein, and Robert Dudley of Earl. She used her prospect of marriage to her advantage to keep potential enemies at bay and keep England independent.
2. Queen Elizabeth I: The Early Years
Elizabeth was born on September 7th, 1533, to Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII. She was baptised on September 10th, 1533. Elizabeth had an eventful childhood as she witnessed theExecution of her mother when she was two-years-old, the death of her father when she six, and the succession of her half-brother Edward VI to the throne when she was nine. Her half-sister Mary I became queen when Edward VI died, which resulted in Elizabeth being imprisoned in the Tower of London on suspicion of treason. Mary I died in 1558 and Elizabeth succeeded her to the throne.
3. Queen Elizabeth I: The ruling years
Elizabeth’s reign is considered one of England’s Golden Ages. Under her rule, England prospered economically and became a leading world power.Elizabeth maintained peace with Spain and France despite calls for war by some members of parliament. She also managed to avoid getting embroiled in religious wars taking place on the European continent. In addition, Elizabeth reformed England’s financial system and increased trade with other countries. The arts flourished during her reign with writers such as William Shakespeare and Christopher Marlowe producing some of their greatest works during this period. Religion also flourished under Elizabeth with the founding of the Church of England.
4. Queen Elizabeth I: The later years
Elizabeth’s later years were marked by a decline in health and an increase in conspiracies against her rule. In 1603, she suffered a stroke which left her incapacitated for several months. During this time, there were a number of plots against her life including the Main Plot, Bye Plot, and Gunpowder Plot. However, all these plots failed and Elizabeth remained on the throne until her death in 1603.
5. Queen Elizabeth I: The legacy
Queen Elizabeth I remains one of the most influential monarchs in English history. Her reign was marked by peace at home and abroad, economic prosperity, religious tolerance, and a flourishing of the arts. She left a lasting legacy which continues to be felt even today. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Slalom (1965 film)
Slalom is a 1965 Italian comedy film directed by Luciano Salce and starring Vittorio Gassman.
Plot
Lucio and Riccardo, a pair of married pals, take their wives on a ski vacation in Sestriere but get distracted by the beautiful and seductive Nadia and Helen, who lure them into unexpected adventure and danger where Lucio is forced to go to Egypt with another passport and identity.
Cast
* Vittorio Gassman as Lucio Ridolfi
* Adolfo Celi as Riccardo
* Daniela Bianchi as Nadia
* Lobna Abdel Aziz as Fahra, Egyptian flight attendant (as Loubna A.Aziz)
* Beba Lončar as Helen
* Emma Danieli as Hilde, Lucio's wife
* Bob Oliver as George
* Nagwa Fouad as Nabila
* Corrado Olmi as Italian Consulat Official
* Isabella Biagini as Simonetta, Riccardo's wife
* Piero Vida as The Murderer | WIKI |
What’s wrong with this code part 24 (From an MSDN article)?
I ran into this bug earlier today and realized that it’d make an awesome “What’s wrong with this code”.
I started pulling together a test app when I realized that this MSDN magazine article contains sample code that perfectly exhibits the bug:
CRect rectangle;
VERIFY(m_splitButton.GetWindowRect(
&rectangle));
TPMPARAMS params = { sizeof(TPMPARAMS) };
params.rcExclude = rectangle;
CMenuHandle menu = m_menu.GetSubMenu(0);
VERIFY(menu.TrackPopupMenuEx(TPM_LEFTBUTTON,
rectangle.left, rectangle.bottom,
m_hWnd, ¶ms));
There’s not much to the code – it’s from the handler for the BCN_DROPDOWN notification message. And it’s got a very nasty subtle bug in it.
So what’s the bug?
Edit: s/nasty/subtle/
Comments (23)
1. Anonymous says:
Well, to start with, if that’s MFC then GetWindowRect returns void, so can’t be used as an argument to VERIFY. So the code will compile in Release mode but not Debug mode. (If it’s ATL code then it returns a BOOL so it ought to work ok.)
I’ve never really liked relying on the internals of the structure to initialise specific members (in this case, initialising cbSize in TPMPARAMS), but it ought to work ok.
CMenuHandle doesn’t show up anywhere in my MFC/ATL reference. Is this some other framework, then?
I’m presuming that the problem is something to do with CMenuHandle. If it thinks it owns the handle and tries to close it then it’ll run into problems.
Also, if there was some kind of problem with the menu resource and GetSubMenu returned NULL, then a moment later you’re going to be either calling through a null pointer or passing that NULL on to an API that isn’t expecting it.
There *might* also be an issue with the menu location (the menu is told to keep out of the button’s rect but also to show up directly adjacent to it, which might cause an issue if the button is near the screen edge), but I think the API is smart enough to sort that out so it shouldn’t be a problem.
2. Anonymous says:
Without looking at the code, I guess the bug is CMenuHandle’s destructor incorrectly destroys the HMENU returned by GetSubMenu, so if the code gets called a second time, it’ll either fail or (worse) crash.
3. Anonymous says:
I can’t see the bug, and running the code it doesn’t seem to do anything wrong. Does the bug in any way depend on using WTL, or the VERIFY() macros? The way TPMPARAMS is initialised doesn’t feel right either, but I can’t put my finger on why.
4. Anonymous says:
Oops, looks like I was wrong. WTL’s CMenu’s destructor destroys the HMENU, but CMenuHandle’s doesn’t. So I don’t know.
5. Anonymous says:
Since TPM_RETURNCMD is not used, the call to TrackPopupMenuEx() is not blocking. Hence the menu handle goes out of scope while the menu is being displayed. Doesn’t llok very cool to me. Probably bad side effects, such as wrong command notifications when user clicks a menu item.
6. Anonymous says:
the cbSize member of TPMPARAMS doesn’t get set.
7. Anonymous says:
The rectange goes out of scope but then it’s used later by the popup menu. Probably usually works, or one of those where it only works in debug mode.
8. Anonymous says:
It seems as if the menu is positioned right on the rectangle it is supposed to exclude.
9. Anonymous says:
D’oh silly me. I didn’t see that the y-coordinate was the bottom of the rectangle.
Although I guess it could still appear off-screen because no alignment has been set.
10. So far, none of the answers are right.
Here’s a hint: someone reported a bug in some of our UI code and it turns out that the exact same bug is in this code sample.
That means that it’s a real bug that had to be fixed for Windows. And Windows runs in a lots of configurations and places.
11. Anonymous says:
I guess you could be worried about support for RTL reading order. As I tried to trim the sample to the bare minimum I didn’t bother with this. You can use GetSystemMetrics to get the proper alignment, but I’m not sure this constitutes a “nasty bug” so you may be after something else.
[Kenny, that’s not fair – I sent you an email about this post on Friday so you knew the answer already :). But you’re right, it’s not a “nasty” bug, it’s a “subtle” bug – my bad. On the other hand, it’s the kind of bug that would stop Windows from shipping – Larry]
12. Anonymous says:
Using TPM_LEFTBUTTON only allows people to select menu items with the left button. I’m not sure what happens on systems where the user elects to swap the left and right buttons.
13. Anonymous says:
The problem seems to be that the TPM_LEFTBUTTON flag is used. Left handed mouse users will have to use the wrong button to select the menu items.
Unless the API does some translation. Testing now.
14. Anonymous says:
I’d guess it’s the use of TPM_LEFTBUTTON. Does this not behave properly if the user has switched the meaning of the left and right mouse buttons?
15. Anonymous says:
Actually, the TrackPopupMenuEx API does seem to be translating TPM_LEFTBUTTON to the right button when the buttons are switched.
Alright, still looking…
16. Anonymous says:
Assumes Left to Right reading?
17. macbirdie says:
Well, if the split button is near the bottom of the screen, context menu should show up so that it fits on the screen. In this case suggesting it a rectangle.bottom might be a problem.
18. Anonymous says:
At first I thought it might have something to do with screen coordinates vs. client or something similar, but it seems all the calls involved use only screen coordinates. Maybe it is related to "weird" configurations with multiple monitors, negative coordinates, …?
19. Anonymous says:
Menu appears under the second window? I recently stumbled upon such behavior so I’ll guess, without analyzing the code, that something similar could be happening here.
20. Anonymous says:
Bah! I think you exagerrated the seriousness of this one and didn’t give us even the smidgen of a clue to the fact it was only a bug in RTL languages. I enjoy the "what’s wrong with these code" entries, but play fair!
21. Anonymous says:
In my last post , I included a snippet from an MSDN article written by Kenny Kerr.  The snippet
22. Anonymous says:
From what I can tell there is a positioning bug when you put the dialog at the far left of the screen. The menu is displayed 20+ pixels to the right of the button. However WTL does not exibit this behavior (at least the version I am using) because the implementation of TrackPopupMenuEx calls a function called _FixTrackMenuPopupX which fixes the problem.
Chris
23. Anonymous says:
I would think a check for left/right handedness of tablet PC users would be useful here, but I havn’t tried it out personally. There is also the question of whether to use TPM_VERTICAL or not.
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Roche, Novartis approvals in Europe signal more head-to-head competition
Adds details
ZURICH, March 30 (Reuters) - Swiss drugmakers Roche ROG.S and Novartis NOVN.S each won European approval for drugs on Tuesday in a sign that the rival Basel-based companies are increasingly competing for the same patients.
Roche's Evrysdi, already approved in the United States, gained backing from the European Commission for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), where Novartis's $2.1 million per patient gene therapy Zolgensma has become the treatment of choice for infants diagnosed with the genetic, muscle-wasting disease.
Separately, Novartis's Kesimpta, also with U.S. approval, won European regulators' blessing in multiple sclerosis, where Novartis hopes to lure patients away from Roche's $4 billion seller Ocrevus. The two drugs work similarly, though Novartis's Kesimpta is a shot, while Ocrevus is an infusion.
That the companies' drugs overlap is no coincidence: Roche for several years has been expanding beyond the cancer treatments that were for years its mainstay, while Novartis under Chief Executive Vas Narasimhan has sold off over-the-counter medicines to focus on specialty prescription treatments that command higher prices.
Both Evrysdi and Kesimpta are forecast as blockbuster treatments, to reap more than $1 billion annually.
Evrysdi was approved for treating SMA in patients two months of age and older, with a clinical diagnosis of SMA Type 1, Type 2 or Type 3 or with one to four SMN2 copies, Roche said.
Evrysdi and Novartis's Zolgensma are already taking away sales from Biogen's rival treatment BIIB.O Spinraza, whose U.S. sales in the final quarter of 2020 fell by more than a third.
(Reporting by Brenna Hughes Neghaiwi; Editing by Michael Shields and Louise Heavens)
((brenna.neghaiwi@thomsonreuters.com; +41 58 306 77 35;))
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Palin Bus Tour Collides With Romney’s New Hampshire Candidacy Announcement
Sarah Palin crashed her red, white
and blue bus into Mitt Romney ’s party yesterday, sweeping into
New Hampshire for the final leg of her multiday East Coast tour
as he was in the state declaring his candidacy for president. Romney, the former Massachusetts governor, formally opened
his bid for the Republican nomination with an assault on
President Barack Obama ’s economic policies. “Barack Obama has failed America,” Romney said at a chili
cookout doubling as a political rally in Stratham, New
Hampshire. “When he took office, the economy was in recession
and he made it worse and he made it last longer.” Romney’s effort, though, to keep the focus on Obama and
himself was undercut by Palin. Before his official
announcement, she directed some barbs at him in comments in the
Boston area. The bus tour that the former Alaska governor began
May 29 in Washington then crossed into New Hampshire about the
same time as Romney’s rally. Later in the day, at a clambake in Seabrook, New Hampshire,
Palin remained coy about her political intentions. ‘Plenty of Time’ Asked by reporters about her plans, the 2008 Republican
vice presidential nominee said, “Why should everyone jump in
there right now and start beating each other up in this primary
process, showing the other guys our playbook? There’s plenty of
time for that.” Still, the attention her mere presence in the early primary
state attracted underscored the power she has to influence the
race, whether she becomes a candidate or remains a commentator. “She’s become a large part of the discussion this week
just by getting on a bus,” said Steve Duprey, a Republican
National Committee member from New Hampshire, moments after
Romney spoke. “She’s going to be a force in the race.” Today’s front page of the Union Leader, the state’s largest
newspaper, treated Palin’s stop with a prominently displayed
story and picture. Romney’s announcement was referenced on the
front page with a small picture; the story on it ran on an
inside page. ‘Best of Luck’ Palin, 47, insisted that she hadn’t intended to overshadow
Romney’s announcement. She said in Seabrook yesterday that her
arrival in New Hampshire simply “worked very well
logistically” as the wrap up to a trip that included visits to
historic sites in Philadelphia and Boston. “I say, best of luck
to Governor Romney,” Palin said. Her travel plans had remained a mystery to many Republican
officials and activists even as her bus was making its way into
the state. Kevin Smith , director of Cornerstone Action , a
fiscally conservative think tank in New Hampshire, said that as
of yesterday morning he had no details about the timing or
location of her visit. “If she’s coming up to win activists and prepare for a
presidential run, this is not the way to do it,” he said. Palin isn’t planning to participate in a candidate debate
sponsored by CNN in New Hampshire on June 13. Romney, 64, is making a concerted effort to build support
in New Hampshire, a state critical to his campaign strategy. After losing the New Hampshire primary in 2008 to the
eventual Republican nominee, Arizona Senator John McCain , he has
spent the past 2 1/2 years privately meeting with local
activists and donating to Republican state candidates to build
backing, according to advisers and party leaders. He announced his candidacy under sunny skies at Bittersweet
Farm in Stratham, the home of longtime party activists and a
popular stop for Republican candidates. As hundreds of attendees
cheered, he declared: “I’m Mitt Romney. I believe in America
and I’m running for president.” Business Background Romney, who co-founded Boston-based private equity firm
Bain Capital LLC, attacked Obama for failed job-creation
efforts, a lagging housing market, and high federal spending. He
criticized Obama’s foreign policy record, saying the president
has failed to defend Israel or adequately support Arab
dissenters, and was too slow to take military action in Libya . In an appeal to fiscally conservative Tea Party activists
who helped Republicans rack up big wins in the 2010 elections,
Romney promised to cap federal spending at 20 percent of gross
domestic product, balance the government’s budget and repeal the
health-care overhaul Obama pushed into law last year. ‘European Answers’ He accused Obama of taking power from states and offering
“European answers” to America’s problems. “This president’s
first answer to every problem is to take power from you, your
local government and your state,” Romney said. “And with each
of these decisions, we lose more of our freedom.” Still, before he can take on Obama, he must win the
Republican nomination. His critics in the party see his role in
the passage of a Massachusetts health-care law while he was
governor as a major stumbling block, especially among Tea Party
activists for whom Palin is a favorite. The state law expanded coverage by requiring all residents
to buy insurance. Such an individual mandate is central to the
health-care plan Obama signed into law last year. Romney, who last month sought to distance himself from the
Massachusetts measure, yesterday stressed the differences
between the state and national laws. He called the Massachusetts
plan “a state solution for a state problem.” Waiver Pledge He told voters at a town hall meeting in Manchester, New
Hampshire, today that, as president, on his first day in office
he would issue waivers exempting all 50 states from the law. Palin assailed the Massachusetts health-care law as she and
her entourage prepared to depart for New Hampshire yesterday.
“In my opinion, any mandate coming from government is not a
good thing,” she told reporters in the Boston area. She also
predicted that Romney will face a “big challenge” appealing to
many Republican activists. Another prospective Republican presidential candidate
causing some commotion in New Hampshire yesterday was former New
York City Mayor Rudy Giuliani. “The reality is that Obamacare
and Romneycare are almost exactly the same,” he told reporters
before addressing a state party dinner in Manchester. Giuliani, another unsuccessful 2008 contender, hasn’t ruled
out another bid. Romney today urged Republicans to stay focused on
opposition Obama. “We need to aim at Obama,” he told a voter
in Manchester, after his town hall meeting. Other Candidates Romney joins former Minnesota Governor Tim Pawlenty , former
House Speaker Newt Gingrich of Georgia and U.S. Representative
Ron Paul of Texas as declared candidates. Former Utah governor Jon Huntsman , who earlier this year
gave up his post as U.S. ambassador to China under Obama to
explore challenging him, is weighing a bid, as is Representative
Michele Bachmann of Minnesota. Former Pennsylvania Senator Rick Santorum plans to
officially enter the race at a June 6 event in his home state. Herman Cain, former chairman and chief executive officer of
Godfather’s Pizza Inc., and former New Mexico Governor Gary Johnson also have declared their candidacies. Former Louisiana
Governor Buddy Roemer, a Democrat-turned-Republican, has formed
an exploratory committee. To contact the reporter on this story:
Lisa Lerer in Manchester, New Hampshire, at
llerer@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Mark Silva at
msilva34@bloomberg.net | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Skip to main content
\(\require{cancel}\)
Physics LibreTexts
10.4: Microturbulence
In the treatment of microturbulence in a stellar atmosphere, we can suppose that there are many small cells of gas moving in random directions with a maxwellian distribution of speeds. The distinction between microturbulence and macroturbulence is that in microturbulence the size of the turbulent cells is very small compared with the optical depth, so that, in looking down through a stellar atmosphere we are seeing many cells of gas whose distribution of velocity components is gaussian. In macroturbulence the size of the cells is not very small compared with the optical depth, so that , in peering through the haze of an atmosphere, we can see at most only a very few cells.
If the distribution of velocity components of the microturbulent cells is supposed gaussian, then the line profiles will be just like that for thermal broadening, except that, instead of the modal speed \(V_\text{m} =\sqrt{ 2kT/m}\) of the atoms we substitute the modal speed \(ξ_m\) of the microturbulent cells. Thus the line profile resulting from microturbulence is
\[\label{10.4.1}\frac{I_\nu(\nu)}{I_\nu(\nu_0)}=1-d\text{ exp}\left [ -\frac{c^2}{ξ_m^2}\frac{(\nu-\nu_0)^2}{\nu_0^2}\right ] .\]
The FWHM in frequency units is
\[\frac{ξ_\text{m}\nu_0\sqrt{ \ln 16}}{c}\]
or, in wavelength units,
\[\frac{ξ_\text{m}\lambda_0\sqrt{ \ln 16}}{c}.\]
If the thermal and microturbulent broadening are comparable in size, we still get a gaussian profile, except that for \(V_\text{m}\text{ or }ξ_\text{m}\) we must substitute
\[\sqrt{V_\text{m}^2+ξ_\text{m}^2}=\sqrt{2kT/m+ξ_\text{m}^2}.\]
This actually requires formal proof, and this will be given as an exercise in Section 5.
Since either thermal broadening or microturbulence will result in a gaussian profile, one might think that it would not be possible to tell, from a spectrum exhibiting gaussian line profiles, whether the broadening was caused primarily by high temperature or by microturbulence. But a little more thought will show that in principle it is possible to distinguish, and to determine separately the kinetic temperature and the modal microturbulent speed. Think about it, and see if you can devise a way.
THINKING
The key is, in purely thermal broadening, the light atoms (such as lithium) move faster than the heavier atoms (such as cadmium), the speeds being inversely proportional to the square roots of their atomic masses. Thus the lines of the light atoms will be broader than the lines of the heavy atoms. In microturbulence all atoms move en masse at the same speed and are therefore equally broad. We have seen, beneath Equation 10.3.7, that the FWHM, in frequency units, is
\[w=\frac{\nu_0}{c}\sqrt{\left (2kT/m+ξ_\text{m}^2\right )\ln 16}.\]
If we form the quantity
\[ X=\frac{w^2c^2}{\nu_0^2\ln 16}\]
for a lithium line and for a cadmium line, we will obtain
\[\label{10.4.2}X_\text{Li}=\frac{2kT}{m_\text{Li}}+ξ_\text{m}^2\quad \text{ and }X_\text{Cd}=\frac{2kT}{m_\text{Cd}}+ξ_\text{m}^2,\]
from which \(T\text{ and }ξ_\text{m}\) are immediately obtained.
Exercise \(\PageIndex{1}\)
A Li line at 670.79 nm has a gaussian FWHM = 9 pm (picometres) and a Cd line at 508.58 nm has a gaussian FWHm = 3 pm. Calculate the kinetic temperature and the modal microturbulent speed.
Contributor
| ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Taare Zameen Par/archive2
* The following is an archived discussion of a featured article nomination. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the article's talk page or in Wikipedia talk:Featured article candidates. No further edits should be made to this page.
The article was promoted by SandyGeorgia 00:27, 27 December 2010.
Taare Zameen Par
* Nominator(s): Ω pho is 23:12, 27 November 2010 (UTC)
I am nominating this for featured article because I feel it meets the criteria. It was not promoted last time due to a lack of reviewers, so hopefully the second try will garner more activity. Ω pho is 23:12, 27 November 2010 (UTC)
*Maybe this is standard for articles about movies, but I would convert the "Cast" section from list to prose. — GabeMc (talk) 23:46, 27 November 2010 (UTC)
* The film MOS allows for lists such as this, and I feel that the information within that section is best presented in the current format. I don't think it would have a sufficient flow to work as prose. Ω pho is 00:03, 28 November 2010 (UTC)
*If you prefer to stay with the list, then Bugs Bhargava and Shankar Sachdev should have separate entries. — GabeMc (talk) 00:42, 28 November 2010 (UTC)
* They are a pair, though (sort of like how inseparable, identical characters can share an article or entry). It would be redundant, IMO, to list both with the same information. Ω pho is 00:46, 28 November 2010 (UTC)
*The article seems to have two references and 126 cites, I would like to see the "notes" section broken into "citations" and "references". — GabeMc (talk) 23:46, 27 November 2010 (UTC)
* Done. Ω pho is 00:03, 28 November 2010 (UTC)
* I would put the cites above the refs, so further reading follows refs. — GabeMc (talk) 00:20, 28 November 2010 (UTC)
* The reader needs to see the refs first to understand the specific citations. Ω pho is 00:22, 28 November 2010 (UTC)
* It is typical to present, notes/citations, then references, then further reading. — GabeMc (talk) 00:25, 28 November 2010 (UTC)
* Do you have examples of this? A recent FA (Dustbin Baby (film)) uses the current style. Ω pho is 00:31, 28 November 2010 (UTC)
* Nevermind. Done. Ω pho is 00:33, 28 November 2010 (UTC)
* I moved it 'round as I suggested, feel free to put it back as you prefer. — GabeMc (talk) 00:50, 28 November 2010 (UTC)
* That works for me. Although I changed back the See Also move, because I believe See Also generally goes after the main section and is separate from the later Further Reading. Ω pho is 00:52, 28 November 2010 (UTC)
*"Two critics from the BBC both gave the film a rave review."
* "Rave review" is cliche', and peacock language. Let the quotes from the reviewers speak for themselves. Also, the section could be smoothed out a bit, overuse of "furthermore" and topic sentences like the one above. — GabeMc (talk) 01:39, 28 November 2010 (UTC)
* I think I fixed it. Ω pho is 02:45, 28 November 2010 (UTC)
* In the "Accolades" section there are several multiple cites that you might want to consider bundling, and making notes for so the reader knows which cite is sourcing which clause. — GabeMc (talk) 01:43, 28 November 2010 (UTC)
* Per above comment please see WP:INTEGRITY and WP:CITEBUNDLE. — GabeMc (talk) 01:46, 28 November 2010 (UTC)
* Section has been fixed. Ω pho is 03:18, 28 November 2010 (UTC)
*I would apply the same ce to "2009 Academy Awards submission and Slumdog Millionaire". — GabeMc (talk) 08:16, 28 November 2010 (UTC)
* Each ref of the bundles of that section support the entire sentence. Do you want me to just group all of them together? Or wouldn't that just nullify the purpose of "ref name" tags? Ω pho is 19:10, 28 November 2010 (UTC)
* If one cite will do, why use four? I suggest reducing the cites to the best, or most reliable ones, and removing redundant cites that add little. For example, cites 101-104 source the statement: "The Indian news media also frequently compared Taare Zameen Par's lack of a nomination with the British Slumdog Millionaire's multiple Oscar nominations and wins, ... " This could read: "The Indian news media compared Taare Zameen Par's lack of Oscar nominations(cite) with the British film Slumdog Millionaire's multiple nominations and wins,"(cite) Seems like two cites would cover the statement. Keep in mind this is just a suggestion, you do not have to bundle, though WP:CITEBUNDLE recomends it, and you don't have to remove, or move redundant cites, though WP:INTEGRITY recomends it. — GabeMc (talk) 22:03, 28 November 2010 (UTC)
* What I meant is that each source says the same thing. However, the sentence is that the media commented on it, so one specific news organization would not be adequate for "the media". Ω pho is 22:22, 28 November 2010 (UTC)
* Yeah, I know what you mean, and I was there myself recently. It just comes down to a pile of cites when no one is contending the info anyway. If you want the reader to have access to several sources for one statement why not include them in further reading? Like I said, its up to you, though MoS agrees with my assertion that 3 or more cites look messy, and are more likely to confuse the reader then to enlighten them. — GabeMc (talk) 23:22, 28 November 2010 (UTC)
* If you want, I can just list them all under one ref. Ω pho is 23:28, 28 November 2010 (UTC)
* Its not what I want, its what looks tidy. However, don't sacrifice verifiability for appearance. If you need multiple cites for a statement then use multiple cites, just clean it up in the article so it's not untidy and confusing to the reader. — GabeMc (talk) 23:36, 28 November 2010 (UTC)
* I grouped the large bundles into one. Ω pho is 00:00, 29 November 2010 (UTC)
Support per my review in the previous FAC. I notice one change to the lead from the last time I saw the article: the "English: Like Stars on Earth" in brackets. What exactly is this—1) a translation of the title (if so, it should be just "Stars on the Earth/Ground") or 2) the name of the English version of this film (which is unnecessarily in bold twice in the lead)?—indopug (talk) 13:57, 28 November 2010 (UTC)
* Changed the first instance to "Stars on the Ground". Ω pho is 18:23, 28 November 2010 (UTC)
* I would prefer internal consistency, unless Disney mis-translated "ground" as "earth", in which case I might mention that the translation means ground not a planet. — GabeMc (talk) 23:18, 28 November 2010 (UTC)
* You would prefer "Stars on Earth" instead of "Stars on the Ground" in the first sentence? Ω pho is 23:28, 28 November 2010 (UTC)
* I prefer consistency but not over accuracy. Which is more accurate to the translation? Earth or Ground? — GabeMc (talk) 23:34, 28 November 2010 (UTC)
* I don't know Hindi, so I don't know. The subtitles on the DVD say "Earth" though, and most references to the film use "Earth", so I will change it to that. Ω pho is 23:40, 28 November 2010 (UTC)
* Though I just spoke to my friend who knows Hindi, and he said that the literal translation is "Stars on the Ground". Ω pho is 00:32, 29 November 2010 (UTC)
* Always go with the most accurate translation. Although an arguement could be made that the meaning is more important than the literal translation. For example, does the title imply stars in the dirt, among rocks and sand, or stars on Earth among people? — GabeMc (talk) 00:53, 29 November 2010 (UTC)
* Literally, it means "ground". But figuratively, it means "Earth". Ω pho is 00:55, 29 November 2010 (UTC)
* Anything else? Ω pho is 04:24, 1 December 2010 (UTC)
* You have done a great job with getting otrs permission for many of the images, however File:TaareZameenPar.jpg fails wp:nfcc and the article therefore fails WP:FA Criteria 3, so regrettably Oppose FA promotion Fasach Nua (talk) 18:01, 28 November 2010 (UTC)
* Why does it fail? Every other film FA just uses the poster with the caption "Theatrical poster". This article uses production commentary within the caption to justify the image's inclusion. The related information makes little sense if the image is not present. Ω pho is 18:18, 28 November 2010 (UTC)
* The benchmark of usage is not other articles, but NFCC. What is the purpose of said image? Fasach Nua (talk) 18:55, 28 November 2010 (UTC)
* But benchmarks show the generally-accepted interpretation of such rules. Anyways, I've also added in that the poster is set against images from Ishaan's imagination, an important aspect of the film that is also touched upon in the "Art and animation" section. The image itself is important because it is the advertisement from the film, with related production commentary explaining why it was chosen. Ω pho is 19:04, 28 November 2010 (UTC)
* That is the sort of information you need to add to the fair use rationale on the image page, at present the FUR is a boiler plate and as such is unacceptable. The WP:WIAFA hasn't always been applied consistently, particularly in older FAs, and I would urge caution if you choose to use anything other than WP:NFCC Fasach Nua (talk) 10:42, 29 November 2010 (UTC)
* I have updated the FUR here. Ω pho is 17:43, 29 November 2010 (UTC)
* better Fasach Nua (talk) 18:14, 29 November 2010 (UTC)
DAB/EL Check - no dabs, no real external link problems, though note that the bloomberg and reuters links are slightly redirecting. -- Pres N 22:32, 3 December 2010 (UTC)
* I fixed the Bloomberg link, but Reuters doesn't redirect for me. Ω pho is 22:41, 3 December 2010 (UTC)
* Support - This article is well written, well sourced, comprehensive and neutral. The prose in general could use some smoothing out, but overall it's nothing a good copy-edit couldn't fix. It is a very important topic BTW, and the article conveys well the attempt the filmakers made to creatively illustrate a medical condition that is difficult to explain in words or film. — GabeMc (talk) 03:01, 10 December 2010 (UTC)
* Source comments:
* The publication name is wikilinked in some refs but not others, within the same publication. Ex. Bollywood Hungama. Linking them all creates a sea of blue—I would prefer if you linked the first instance and left it at that.
* Fixed. Ω pho is 16:34, 10 December 2010 (UTC)
* Ref 104: What makes WebIndia123 a reliable source? It looks like businesses can pay them to publish their content.
* -- Andy Walsh (talk) 04:32, 10 December 2010 (UTC)
* I removed it. Ω pho is 16:34, 10 December 2010 (UTC)
* Comments - there are still a few too many glitches in the prose that stop me from adding my support. Please check for consistent dash usage, the article mainly uses unspaced emdashes, which are fine, but I saw at least one spaced endash; the MoS advises consistency. I recall a "though", which should be "although" and please consider using "said" instead of "stated" when the reported discussions were informal. The is a little too much repetition of the plot in the cast section, which left me asking myself haven't I just read this? There are a couple of technical terms that I didn't understand such as "blocking" and "footage was not available on film solution". And, can we find a better expression for "bunking scene"? I look forward to adding my support. Graham Colm (talk) 11:06, 11 December 2010 (UTC)
* I fixed the only endash instance I could find.
* Do you recall which section the misplaced "though" was?
* I went through and changed some of the "stated" to "said" as suggested.
* For each character, the cast section only gives a sentence or so that is repeating directly from the plot section. The rest is either production stuff or plot-related details that are not included within the plot section. For example, the part about Nikumbh:
* "An instructor at the Tulips School for young children with developmental disabilities, Nikumbh is hired by New Era as a temporary art teacher. He discovers that Ishaan is dyslexic and helps him to improve in his studies. Gupte, who based the character on his art teacher Ramdas Sampat Nikumbh, first asked actor Akshaye Khanna to play the role." The second sentence is the only repeated information.
* Wikilinked "blocking", and changed "footage was not available on film solution" to "footage was not available in the proper format".
* Do you have any suggestions to replace "bunking"? Ω pho is 18:40, 11 December 2010 (UTC)
* I haven't seen the film, but I guess "bunking" means "truancy"? Graham Colm (talk) 18:48, 11 December 2010 (UTC)
* Yes. It's British English. Do you want me to wikilink to the Truancy article? Ω pho is 18:50, 11 December 2010 (UTC)
* I am British :-) but I'd rather you used the word "truancy". Graham Colm (talk) 18:56, 11 December 2010 (UTC)
* I changed it to "truancy". Ω pho is 19:01, 11 December 2010 (UTC)
* Any other concerns? Ω pho is 22:50, 13 December 2010 (UTC)
* Sorry, but I still don't think the prose is up to FA standard. Redundancy remains, and some odd tenses, . The article needs another copy-edit and I suggest that someone fresh to the subject is asked to do this. Over familiarity with a text often makes effective copy-editing difficult. Graham Colm (talk) 21:45, 16 December 2010 (UTC)
* The article has already been copy-edited by Malleus Fatuorum. Do you other examples of prose issues, because other than the "tensed" issue, those are very nitpicky in my opinion. To me at least, it sounds better to say "ahead of time" rather than just "ahead", and the meaning of the other sentence can now be easily misinterpreted without "in order". Ω pho is 22:26, 16 December 2010 (UTC)
* Please do not shoot the messenger; you invited me to revisit this FAC on my Talk Page, I guess this was in the hope of gaining my support, which is not forthcoming. Malleus copy-edited the article on the 8th of October, over two months ago, there have been many changes since then, and not all of them have been an improvement. If Malleus has the time, I suggest that you ask him to work his magic again. Also, reviewing at FAC level is all about being "nitpicky". FAs represent our best work but at the moment this article does not. Graham Colm (talk) 22:59, 16 December 2010 (UTC)
* I didn't mean any disrespect by it. I was just explaining why I disagreed and giving my opinion. Anyways, I've contacted Malleus. Ω pho is 23:12, 16 December 2010 (UTC)
* Some images without alternative text. Ref 112 - Walt Disney redirects to home page so content missing. Regards, SunCreator (talk) 17:11, 14 December 2010 (UTC)
* I added in alt text. I tested ref 112 and it works fine for me. Ω pho is 21:27, 14 December 2010 (UTC)
* Comment. As I've been mentioned here I'll say that I'd be even more critical of the prose than Graham has been, and I think it still needs quite a bit of work. As Ophois has asked me to help with it again I'll not vote yay or nay, but I will say that I would not be supporting this article's promotion as of now. Malleus Fatuorum 00:40, 17 December 2010 (UTC)
* I've been through the whole thing again and made a few changes. Malleus Fatuorum 23:23, 17 December 2010 (UTC)
* More than a few Malleus, I have been watching your editing in the hope of learning something, and my time has not been wasted. Graham Colm (talk) 23:30, 17 December 2010 (UTC)
* Support Comments I would have reviewed this before if I'd been aware of the film's topic, since I've had to do a fair amount of research into dyslexia. Some queries follow Jimfbleak - talk to me? 07:04, 17 December 2010 (UTC)
* Although "dyslexia" is linked at the first occurrence, considering its central role in the film I'd be inclined to add a sentence to explain what it is. Most people will think it's just problems with reading, and won't be aware of the wider cognitive difficulties
* Do you mean in the lead, plot, or development section? Ω pho is 18:11, 17 December 2010 (UTC)
* collecting fish outside of his school — "of" is redundant
* Copyeditor fixed it.
* Due to the hindrance — "this hindrance"
* Done. Ω pho is 18:09, 17 December 2010 (UTC)
* Mondal also instructed Khan on the mannerisms and movements of painter. — poor phrasing, how about " on a painter's typical mannerisms and movements. "?
* Copyeditor fixed it.
* crore (US$ 3.41 million) — "crore" isn't linked or explained, whereas both the local and foreign currency symbols are overlinked
* The article uses the INRConvert template to display the rupee amounts and the equivalent in US dollars. I have requested at the template that they add in a link for crore. Ω pho is 17:49, 17 December 2010 (UTC)
* I edited the template, so crore is now wikilinked. Ω pho is 18:03, 18 December 2010 (UTC)
* non Indian audience — "non-Indian"
* Done. Ω pho is 18:09, 17 December 2010 (UTC)
* I think that you were wrong to change this as it's a direct quotation. Better to append sic after "non Indian" if that's felt to be necessary. Malleus Fatuorum 19:21, 17 December 2010 (UTC)
* I changed it back and added in the sic template. Thanks. Ω pho is 20:12, 17 December 2010 (UTC)
* A change like this would be allowed (see WP:MOSQUOTE). It is clear he meant "non-Indian", all you're doing is fixing a minor typographical error. - Kollision (talk) 15:49, 24 December 2010 (UTC)
* I fixed it and removed the sic. Ω pho is 04:33, 25 December 2010 (UTC)
Comment Per Infobox album, the reviews are now moved out of box into prose or a table. This needs to be corrected. And there is a huge commentary beneath the main poster, seems unnecessary. I know FN is strict about the NFCC, but you already have the critical commentary in the prose, and the rationale for the image is also updated to reflect this. You can easily prune down the commentary below the poster. It is kinda distracting. — Legolas ( talk 2 me ) 08:40, 20 December 2010 (UTC)
* I removed the bit about it being set against Ishaan's imagination. I will look into the album concerns. Ω pho is 17:04, 20 December 2010 (UTC)
* WP:MOSFILM says to use the album infobox. Since reviews are no longer required in the infobox, I think I will remove the reviews. Ω pho is 17:15, 20 December 2010 (UTC)
* Why not expand some of those references and add some critical commentary in the soundtrack section? — Legolas ( talk 2 me ) 12:54, 21 December 2010 (UTC)
* WP:MOSFILM only says to list the tracks. I think it would be going beyond the scope of the article to include reviews for the soundtrack. Ω pho is 04:43, 22 December 2010 (UTC)
* That MOS is applied only when the soundtrack itself doesnot have a separate article. And I guess you forgot to take out the reviews from the infobox. And they should not use the plain http links. — Legolas ( talk 2 me ) 11:36, 23 December 2010 (UTC)
* The soundtrack doesn't have a separate article. And I didn't forget to remove them, I was just waiting for your response to my suggestion. :) I've gone ahead and removed the infobox. Ω pho is 17:52, 23 December 2010 (UTC)
* Yes, but why did you remove the reviews also? The section at present looks quite empty and just a collection of the tracklist. Taare Zameen Par soundtrack doesnot have a separate article, hence including the reviews for the soundtrack (since they exist) will only strengthen the section. — Legolas ( talk 2 me ) 04:57, 24 December 2010 (UTC)
* That is all that MOSFILM requires, but I've gone ahead and added in the reviews. Thanks for pointing out the flaw. The section looks better now. Ω pho is 06:05, 24 December 2010 (UTC)
* Support Thanks for the cleanup, the article looks wholesome and precise now. I support its FA promotion. One small point, the comments below could be incorporated for Khna's picture also, not the critically praise one.. but rahter what inspired Aamir to make the film. Something like that seems interesting. — Legolas ( talk 2 me ) 14:13, 26 December 2010 (UTC)
* Thanks, although the photo is in the critical reception section, so his inspirations wouldn't be really relevant, IMO. Ω pho is 17:43, 26 December 2010 (UTC)
Comment The image captions are kinda boring. Try making them more interesting. - Kollision (talk) 15:49, 24 December 2010 (UTC)
* All of them? Or are there certain ones in particular? Ω pho is 18:56, 24 December 2010 (UTC)
* The Aamir Khan one is especially bad. The Darsheel Safary and the musicians one are not bad, but not great either. I will just quote an example from WP:CAPTION: "in History of the Peerage, a caption for Image:William I of England.jpg might say 'William of Normandy overthrew the Anglo-Saxon monarchs, bringing a new style of government.' Then the reader gets curious about that new form of government and reads text to learn what it is." See what they did there? They didn't just describe what the picture depicted, they used it to draw the reader into the article. - Kollision (talk) 03:11, 25 December 2010 (UTC)
* For the Safary one, how about: Darsheel Safary's initial screentest lacked dialogue. When Aamir Khan saw the expression in his eyes and face, however, he instantly knew, "That's the child. He is Ishaan." Ω pho is 04:43, 25 December 2010 (UTC)
* Yeah, that's better. - Kollision (talk) 06:52, 25 December 2010 (UTC)
* I added it in. Do you have any suggestions for the Aamir Khan one? The only thing I can think of is: "Critics praised Aamir Khan for his directorial debut, which garnered him many awards." Ω pho is 07:33, 25 December 2010 (UTC)
* Support Well written, meets criteria. Good work.--Dwaipayan (talk) 21:44, 25 December 2010 (UTC)
| WIKI |
How many cubic feet is a pound?
The answer is: The change of 1 cu ft – ft3 ( cubic foot ) unit of concrete measure equals = to 150.23 lb ( pound ) as the equivalent measure for the same concrete type.
Read, more elaboration about it is given here. Similarly, you may ask, how do you calculate pounds to cubic feet?
Divide the weight (in pounds) of the shipment by the total cubic feet. The result is the pounds per cubic foot, i.e., density. For multiple pieces, add the weight of each piece together before dividing by the total cubic feet of the shipment.
Beside above, how many cubic feet are in a pound of sand? The answer is: The change of 1 lb ( pound ) weight unit of beach sand measure equals = to volume 0.010 cu ft – ft3 ( cubic foot ) as the equivalent measure within the same beach sand substance type.
Also question is, how many pounds is 40 cubic feet?
ENDMEMO
How many pounds is 1 cubic feet?
The pounds amount 150.23 lb converts into 1 cu ft – ft3, one cubic foot. It is the EQUAL concrete volume value of 1 cubic foot but in the pounds mass unit alternative.
How many pounds is 5 cubic feet?
ENDMEMO
1 ft^3 =62.42797 lbs124.85594 lbs
5 ft^3 =312.13985 lbs374.56782 lbs
7 ft^3 =436.99579 lbs499.42376 lbs
9 ft^3 =561.85173 lbs624.2797 lbs
11 ft^3 =686.70767 lbs749.13564 lbs
How many cubic feet are in a 40 pound bag of topsoil?
.75 Cubic Feet
How many pounds is a cubic foot of soil?
How Much Does a Cubic Foot of Soil Weigh? A cubic foot of soil weighs between 74 and 110 pounds, depending on the type of soil and how moist it is. Dry, loose dirt weighs about 76 pounds per cubic foot, while moist, loose dirt weighs 78 pounds per cubic foot.
How do you convert m3 to inches?
Cubic meter formula for different units
1. length (meters) x width (meters) x height (meters) = cubic meters(m³)
2. length (cm) x width (cm) x height (cm) / 1,000,000 = cubic meters.
3. length (mm) x width (mm) x height (mm) / 1,000,000,000 = cubic meters.
People Also Asked : How do I increase my resident retention?
What does pounds per cubic foot mean?
Definition: Density means pounds per cubic foot. It measures the relationship between weight and volume of an item. Calculation: The density calculation is a two-step process.
How do you calculate total cubic feet?
Multiply your length, width and height figures together, giving you a total in cubic inches (in3) Divide the total by 1728 (as there are 1728 cubic inches in a cubic foot).
How do u figure out cubic feet?
To find the cubic feet of a square or rectangular shape, measure the length, width and height of the object in feet or inches. Once you have these three numbers, multiply them together to get the volume. If you measured in inches, divide your answer by 1728 to convert the measurement to feet.
How many pounds is 2 cubic feet soil?
40.14 LBS
How much does a cubic foot of paper weigh?
Paper, standard weighs 1.201 gram per cubic centimeter or 1 201 kilogram per cubic meter, i.e. density of paper, standard is equal to 1 201 kg/m³. In Imperial or US customary measurement system, the density is equal to 74.98 pound per cubic foot [lb/ft³], or 0.6942 ounce per cubic inch [oz/inch³] .
How do you convert ft to LBS?
Multiply the footpound value by 12, the conversion factor for footpounds to inch-pounds. The result is the footpound value expressed in inch-pounds. For example, 20 footpounds is equivalent to 240 inch-pounds because 12 x 20 = 240. Identify the units used by adding the symbol for inch-pounds to the result.
How long is a cubic foot?
Definition: A cubic measurement is the three-dimensional derivative of a linear measure, so a cubic foot is defined as the volume of a cube with sides 1 ft in length. Common references: A standard (20 ft x 8ft x 8 ft 6 in) shipping container has a volume of 1,360 cubic feet.
How much does a cubic foot of topsoil weigh?
around 40 pounds | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Upper Function
Click or drag to resize
Upper Function
Convert the lowercase and mixed case characters in a string to uppercase.
Namespace: XSharp.Core
Assembly: XSharp.Core (in XSharp.Core.dll) Version: 2.4a
Syntax
FUNCTION Upper(
cString AS STRING
) AS STRING
View Source
Parameters
cString
Type: String
The string to convert to uppercase.
Return Value
Type: String
<cString> with all alphabetical characters converted to uppercase.
All other characters remain the same as in the original string.
Remarks
Upper() is related to Lower(), which converts uppercase and mixed case strings to lowercase.
Upper() is also related to IsUpper() and IsLower(), which determine whether a string begins with an uppercase or lowercase letter. Upper() is generally used to format strings for display purposes.
It can, however, be used to normalize strings for case-independent comparison or indexing purposes. Upper() and UpperA() are nation-dependent.
Examples | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Live From the Battleground Districts: Polls of the Key Races for House Control
In a first, the Upshot and Siena College will publish polling results in real time. Go here for our latest polling results. Over the next two months, The New York Times will talk to more voters than ever before. It starts tonight, when we’ll publish the first New York Times Upshot/Siena College polls of the most competitive battlegrounds in the fight for Congress. But there’s a twist. None of these polls are finished. One hasn’t even begun. We’re doing it live. For the first time, we’ll publish our poll results and display them in real time, from start to finish, respondent by respondent. No media organization has ever tried something like this, and we hope to set a new standard of transparency. You’ll see the poll results at the same time we do. You’ll see our exact assumptions about who will turn out, where we’re calling and whether someone is picking up. You’ll see what the results might have been had we made different choices. By the time we finish on Nov. 4, two days before the election, we expect to have conducted nearly 100 live polls of the races most likely to decide control of Congress. They include those in the once reliably Republican Orange County, Calif., and the Bluegrass region of central Kentucky, two districts where we begin tonight. Besides asking which candidate they prefer, we’ll ask voters about their political views, including what they think of President Trump, the Mueller investigation and pivotal issues like immigration and taxes. But maximizing the opportunity to survey this year’s far-reaching and diverse battleground districts, we’re also asking questions that get at culture and life there, like whether voters know someone affected by the opioid crisis or whether they feel like a stranger in their own country. Night after night, we’ll give readers an engaging way to learn about candidates and districts. It will be a window into the rest of our coverage from dozens of reporters covering races across the country. In the process, we hope to give you a sense of what polling is really about: talking to real people, one by one, in every corner of a district. In the past, The Upshot focused on synthesizing the flood of seemingly contradictory pre-election polls into a single probability of victory. This time, we want to demystify polling. We expect to call at least one million Americans over the next two months, but as with most polls, the vast majority of people will decline to take the surveys. Most won’t pick up the phone at all. We’ll show you what pollsters do to try to overcome problems like these and the effects of what they do. As the data arrives in real time, you’ll learn what the so-called margin of error means in a more visceral way than “+/- 4%” can ever convey. And yet, despite it all, we think you’ll come away impressed by how often the polls still seem to end up near the truth. Polling has limits, of course. We know many felt misled by the polls in 2016, which showed Hillary Clinton with a modest lead in the critical battleground states. But they remain the best way to measure attitudes across an extremely diverse country, even if they will never be perfectly accurate tools for predicting an election. We might not have even known the election would be close if we were left to talk to our often like-minded friends, neighbors and relatives, whether on the left or the right. We also think this is going to be fun, and we think that’s a good thing. Many of our readers are deeply interested in who will win control of Congress, but they don’t know much about the candidates and districts that will determine the outcome. We think live polling can help close the gap between interest in the midterms and knowledge about it, by giving people a reason to learn more about the candidates and explore the rest of The Times’s coverage. In a way, live polling could be a little like the Olympics. It happens every two years. You may not know half the events, and you certainly don’t know half the competitors. But maybe you care about how well your country fares, and you come away knowing a lot more about curling than you ever expected to, and you’ve learned names like Michael Phelps, Gabby Douglas or Lindsey Vonn, maybe even for the rest of your life. We can’t predict whether the breakout star of this election will be Gina Ortiz Jones, Young Kim, Elissa Slotkin or someone else. But we think live polling could do the same thing in the race for Congress that the Olympics does for obscure sports and athletes, getting voters engaged in particular races, excited about the candidates, and immersed in our coverage. Tonight, we begin with four races that highlight the diversity of the battlegrounds and the deep divisions in the country. You may already have heard of two of them. On Tuesday we started polling in California’s 48th, an Orange County district where the Republican incumbent, Dana Rohrabacher, faces a tough re-election and accusations that he has uncomfortably close ties to Russia. Tonight, we start polling in Kentucky’s Sixth, where the Democratic challenger, Amy McGrath, has put a conservative district into play after raising millions on the strength of a biographical advertisement highlighting her service as the first female Marine to pilot an F/A-18 in combat. Private polls show a close race between Ms. McGrath and the incumbent, Andy Barr, in a conservative district. We’re also polling two races that have received less attention: Illinois’s Sixth and 12th. They could be among the most competitive races in the country, and they exemplify two kinds of contests that will decide control of the House: a mostly white working-class district where a strong Democratic recruit will try to lure back voters who flipped from Barack Obama to Donald J. Trump; and an affluent, well-educated, traditionally Republican district where a longtime incumbent faces a political newcomer, and deep opposition to the president. Tonight, we’ll report findings from the last two days of interviews with voters in California’s 48th and Illinois’s Sixth and 12th. And we’ll begin reporting our first findings from Kentucky’s Sixth. You can follow the live polling here, and you can learn more about the choices we made in designing the poll here. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Page:Adaptation of Laws (Military References) Ordinance 2012 (2 of 2012).pdf/36
ADAPTATION OF LAWS (MILITARY REFERENCES) ORDINANCE—SCHEDULE 1 127. Interpretation
(1) Article 98(1) is amended, in the definition of “Country”, by repealing “, except in paragraph (2) of this Article”.
(2) Article 98(1) is amended, in the definition of “Government aerodrome”, by repealing “Her Majesty’s naval, military or air forces, or of any visiting force” and substituting “the Chinese People’s Liberation Army”.
(3) Article 98(1) is amended, in paragraphs (a) and (b) of the definition of “Military aircraft”, by repealing “by the Secretary of State” and substituting “by the Central People’s Government”.
(4) Article 98(2) is repealed.
128. Rules of the Air
Schedule 14 is amended, in Rule 3(2), by repealing “of Her Majesty’s naval, military or air force aircraft” and substituting “military aircraft of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army”. Security and Guarding Services Ordinance 129. Persons to whom Part II does not apply
Schedule 1 to the Security and Guarding Services Ordinance (Cap. 460) is amended, in item 2, by repealing “Her Majesty’s regular armed forces” and substituting “the Chinese People’s Liberation Army”. Occupational Deafness (Compensation) Ordinance 130. Entitlement to compensation for the first time
Section 14(3)(a) of the Occupational Deafness (Compensation) Ordinance (Cap. 469) is amended by repealing “Her Majesty’s armed forces” and substituting “the Chinese People’s Liberation Army”. Merchant Shipping (Seafarers) Ordinance 131. Application
Section 3(1)(a) of the Merchant Shipping (Seafarers) Ordinance (Cap. 478) is repealed and the following substituted— | WIKI |
Kruszyniany Mosque
Kruszyniany Mosque is a wooden mosque located in the village of Kruszyniany, in Podlaskie Voivodeship, Poland. The building is the oldest Lipka Tatar mosque in Poland, built on the plan of a rectangle, in specifications of 10 by 13 metres.
History
The village of Kruszyniany was assigned by King John III Sobieski to the Tatars who had participated on the side of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in the war against the Ottoman Empire. After the Lipka Tatar populace settled in the area, the Tatars built the mosque, which was first mentioned in a document dating back to 1717. The present mosque was most likely built in the second half of the eighteenth-century, or in the first half of the nineteenth-century (the exact date of construction of the building is unknown), on the site of the former mosque. In 1846, the building underwent renovation, information about which is found on a stone plaque, next to the women's entrance.
After World War II, the area was settled by repatriates and Muslims from modern-day Belarus. In 2008, with funding provided by the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage, the wooden building was fitted with a safety system.
Kruszyniany village was designated one of Poland's official national Historic Monuments (Pomnik historii) on November 20, 2012. Its listing is maintained by the National Heritage Board of Poland. In June 2014 the mosque was vandalized with abusive graffiti by unknown hooligans.
Architecture
In its shape, the building resembles nearby wooden churches with two towers. It is built in the shape of a rectangle of 10 by 13 meters. On the inside and outside it is covered with wooden panels painted dark green (green is the color of Islam). On the north side, the building is decorated with two towers similarly covered with wood. On the ridge of the roof stands a third tower, windowless and smaller than the others; it is somewhat closer to the mihrab (the niche in the wall indicating the direction of Mecca). The roof of each large tower, and that of the small tower, is shaped like a flattened helmet, with a crescent moon atop a point at the center. The roof of the main part of the building is covered with shingles.
The interior is divided into two sections, one for women and the other for men. The women's entrance is placed along the building's main axis. Above it is a triangular tympanum, on whose sides are the two towers. The men's entrance is on the side. The women's section is substantially smaller than the men's prayer hall and is separated from the men's section by a wooden partition, from which, at the height of about 1 meter, a section running the length of the room is cut out and covered by a transparent white curtain. In the wall at the front of the men's prayer hall, pointing southeast toward the Mecca, is a small niche, the mihrab, in which the sacred books are kept.
The interior is decorated with rugs, and the walls are decorated with calligraphic quotes from the Quran. | WIKI |
User:Amaze marketing amcpg
Amaze Marketing is used to create the customer, to keep the customer and to satisfy the customer. With the customer as the focus of its activities, it can be concluded that Marketing is one of the premier components of Business Management - the other being Innovation. Amaze marketing is a firm based in India. | WIKI |
File:KSAN Intl Route Map.png
Summary
International destinations served from San Diego International Airport (as of September 2008)
Created image using FlightMemory.com. | WIKI |
Carlyle Group Acquires Minority Stake in Resonetics for $2.25B
The Carlyle Group (CG) has acquired a minority equity stake in Resonetics, a portfolio company of private equity firm GTCR, for a purchase price of about $2.25 billion. As per the agreed terms, Carlyle will join GTCR as a meaningful shareholder in Resonetics.
Resonetics engages in micro-manufacturing for medical devices and is focused on fabricating highly technical componentry for complex medical device applications. (See Carlyle stock charts on TipRanks)
The CEO of Resonetics, Tom Burns, said, “Our business has advanced significantly over the past four years, as we've expanded our production capacity, grown our facility footprint and built greater scale.”
“We have enjoyed the outstanding partnership with GTCR as we've built Resonetics and are excited to be partnering with GTCR and Carlyle in this next chapter as we continue to grow our business and enhance our product capabilities to better serve our customers,” Burns added.
Wall Street’s Take
Last month, Citigroup analyst William Katz maintained a Buy rating on Carlyle and raised the price target to $73 from $66. The new price target implies 37.3% upside potential from current levels.
Katz is of the opinion that the company will be able to deliver its financial targets in 2022 and has potential for valuation expansion.
The rest of the Street is cautiously optimistic about the stock with a Moderate Buy consensus rating based on 5 Buys and 3 Holds. The average Carlyle price target of $65.38 implies 23% upside potential.
Smart Score
Carlyle scores a “Perfect 10” from TipRanks’ Smart Score rating system, indicating that the stock has strong potential to outperform market expectations.
See Top Smart Score Stocks on TipRanks >>
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Palantir Bags $43M Contract from Space Systems Command
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Odisha Rugby Football Association
The Odisha Rugby Football Association, abbreviated ("ORFA") is the governing body for rugby union in Odisha, India. It is a member of India Rugby Football Union with a seat on that body's Executive Council. The Odisha RFA is the administrative body of all the state teams, including men's and women's union and sevens teams.
Administration
The following is the current organisational structure of Odisha Rugby Football Association (ORFA):
Bases
The Odisha Rugby Football Association (ORFA) has various bases across the state of Odisha; two of the main bases are Kalinga Stadium and KIIT Stadium in Bhubaneswar.
Men
* Senior National Rugby 7's Championship
* 🥉 Third Place (1): 2013
* Junior National Rugby 7's Championship
* 🥇 Winners (1): 2016
* 🥉 Third Place (3): 2014 (KISS), 2018, 2019
* Junior National U19 Boys Rugby XV's Championship
* 🥇 Winners (1): 2014 (KISS)
* 🥉 Third Place (1): 2015
* Callaghan Cup National Division 2 Men's Rugby XV's
* 🥇 Winners (1): 2014 (KISS)
* 🥉 Third Place (1): 2014 (Bhubaneswar)
* All India Rugby 7s Inter University Games
* 🥉 Third Place (1): 2018 (KIIT)
* All India Rugby XV's Inter University Games
* 🥉 Third Place (1): 2018 (KIIT)
* SGFI School National U19 Boys Rugby 7's Championship
* 🥇 Winners (1): 2015
* SGFI School National U17 Boys Rugby 7's Championship
* 🥈 Runners-Up (3): 2015, 2016, 2018
* SGFI School National U14 Touch Rugby Championship
* 🥇 Winners (2): 2017, 2018
Women
* Senior National Rugby 7's Championship
* 🥇 Winners (5): 2013 (KISS), 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018
* 🥈 Runners-Up (2): 2014 (KISS), 2019
* All India Women's Rugby XV's Championship
* 🥇 Winners (3): 2016, 2018, 2019
* 🥈 Runners-Up (1): 2017
* National U19 Girls Rugby XVs Championship
* 🥇 Winners (1): 2018 (KISS)
* Junior National U18 Girls Rugby 7's Championship
* 🥇 Winners (2): 2014 (KISS), 2016
* 🥈 Third Place (2): 2017, 2018
* Rugby 7's Championship for Federation Cup
* 🥇 Winners (1): 2017
* National Games Rugby 7's
* 🥇 Winners (1): 2015
* Wheelchair Rugby Nationals
* 🥈 Runners-Up (1): 2019
* All India Rugby 7's Inter University Games
* 🥇 Winners (1): 2018 (KIIT)
* 🥉 Third Place (1): 2018 (Utkal University)
* SGFI School National U19 Girls Rugby 7's Championship
* 🥇 Winners (2): 2015, 2018
* 🥈 Runners-Up (1): 2016
* SGFI School National U17 Girls Rugby 7's Championship
* 🥇 Winners (2): 2015, 2018
* SGFI School National U14 Touch Rugby Championship
* 🥈 Runners-Up (1): 2017 | WIKI |
How Can I Delete All My Aol Emails At Once?
Deleting AOL emails is not so easy because there is no one-click way to delete all your AOL emails. However, you can use the search function to find all the emails. You want to delete and then select them all and delete them.
How do I clear out my emails all at once?
You can clear out all your emails all at once by archiving, deleting, or moving them to another folder. You can also set rules to automatically clear out certain emails.
How do I clean up my AOL mailbox?
To clean your AOL mailbox, you can delete messages one at a time or delete all messages in your mailbox. To delete all messages in your mailbox, follow these steps: Log in to your AOL account. Click the “Mail” button at the top of the page. Click the “Delete All” button in the toolbar at the top of the page. A confirmation message will appear.
How do I delete thousands of emails at once?
A few ways to delete thousands of emails at once. One way is to search your email client for the emails that you want to delete. Another way is to export your emails to a text file. Then, delete the emails in your email client, and then import the text file back into your email client.
How do I delete 3000 emails from my iPad?
To delete all of your messages, use the Mail App to delete all of them in one move. First, open the Mail App. Next, select the mailbox you want to delete them from. Once the mailbox is open, tap on the Edit button in the top-right corner of the screen. Finally, tap on the Select button in the bottom-left corner of the screen. Select all of the messages in the mailbox by tapping on them.
How do I select multiple emails to delete in AOL?
To delete multiple emails from AOL, you can click on the checkbox next to the email you want to delete or use the checkbox in the top left corner. Then, click on the Delete button on the toolbar of your AOL email.
Does AOL have a mailbox limit?
AOL had a mailbox limit of 150MB.
Is Clean Email free?
However, our email service is free and you can send messages to other people as many as you want.
How do I delete multiple emails on AOL on iPad?
To delete multiple emails on AOL on iPad, just go to “Mail”.Tap “Inbox”.Tap the email that you want to delete.Drag it to the Trash icon in the top right corner of the screen.
How can I delete all emails at once on my iPad?
To delete all emails at once on the web, open your email and touch the little circle in the top right-hand corner. A box will appear that says Delete All. Tap it to delete all of your emails at once.
How do you delete all messages at once on iPad?
If you want to delete all the messages, you can either select all of them and then delete them, or if you want to delete them at once, you can go to Settings app and delete them.
Is there an app to delete unwanted emails?
You should use a number of apps to help you clear out your emails.
What is the best way to clean up your email?
There does not seem to be one definitive answer. Some people recommend using a tool like Unroll.me to help declutter your inbox. Others suggest creating folders and labels to organize your messages. Ultimately, the best way to clean up your email depends on how you prefer to work and what works best for you.
Leave a Comment | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 120.djvu/3411
120 STAT. 3380
PUBLIC LAW 109–455—DEC. 22, 2006 (1) in subparagraph (C) by striking ‘‘or’’ after the semicolon; (2) in subparagraph (D) by inserting ‘‘or’’ after the semicolon; and (3) by inserting after subparagraph (D) the following: ‘‘(E) under section 21A of this Act;’’.
SEC. 8. PROTECTION FOR VOLUNTARY PROVISION OF INFORMATION.
The Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 41 et seq.) is further amended by adding after section 21A (as added by section 7 of this Act) the following: 15 USC 57b–2b.
‘‘SEC. 21B. PROTECTION FOR VOLUNTARY PROVISION OF INFORMATION.
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.— ‘‘(1) NO LIABILITY FOR PROVIDING CERTAIN MATERIAL.—An entity described in paragraphs (2) or (3) of subsection (d) that voluntarily provides material to the Commission that such entity reasonably believes is relevant to— ‘‘(A) a possible unfair or deceptive act or practice, as defined in section 5(a) of this Act; or ‘‘(B) assets subject to recovery by the Commission, including assets located in foreign jurisdictions; shall not be liable to any person under any law or regulation of the United States, or under the constitution, or any law or regulation, of any State, political subdivision of a State, territory of the United States, or the District of Columbia, for such provision of material or for any failure to provide notice of such provision of material or of intention to so provide material. ‘‘(2) LIMITATIONS.—Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to exempt any such entity from liability— ‘‘(A) for the underlying conduct reported; or ‘‘(B) to any Federal agency for providing such material or for any failure to comply with any obligation the entity may have to notify a Federal agency prior to providing such material to the Commission. ‘‘(b) CERTAIN FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS.—An entity described in paragraph (1) of subsection (d) shall, in accordance with section 5318(g)(3) of title 31, United States Code, be exempt from liability for making a voluntary disclosure to the Commission of any possible violation of law or regulation, including— ‘‘(1) a disclosure regarding assets, including assets located in foreign jurisdictions— ‘‘(A) related to possibly fraudulent or deceptive commercial practices; ‘‘(B) related to persons involved in such practices; or ‘‘(C) otherwise subject to recovery by the Commission; or ‘‘(2) a disclosure regarding suspicious chargeback rates related to possibly fraudulent or deceptive commercial practices. ‘‘(c) CONSUMER COMPLAINTS.—Any entity described in subsection (d) that voluntarily provides consumer complaints sent to it, or information contained therein, to the Commission shall not be liable to any person under any law or regulation of the United States, or under the constitution, or any law or regulation, of any State, political subdivision of a State, territory of the United States, or the District of Columbia, for such provision of material or for any failure to provide notice of such provision of material
VerDate 14-DEC-2004
12:05 Jul 13, 2007
Jkt 059194
PO 00003
Frm 00183
Fmt 6580
Sfmt 6581
E:\PUBLAW\PUBL003.109
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PsN: PUBL003
� | WIKI |
Sanicula smallii
Sanicula smallii is a flowering herb of the carrot family, Apiaceae. It is known by the common names Small's blacksnakeroot or southern snakeroot. It is found throughout the southeastern United States. | WIKI |
The RING network: improvement of a GPS velocity field in the central Mediterranean
Main Article Content
Antonio Avallone
Giulio Selvaggi
Elisabetta D'Anastasio
Nicola D'Agostino
Grazia Pietrantonio
Federica Riguzzi
Enrico Serpelloni
Marco Anzidei
Giuseppe Casula
Gianpaolo Cecere
Ciriaco D'Ambrosio
Prospero De Martino
Roberto Devoti
Luigi Falco
Mario Mattia
Massimo Rossi
Francesco Obrizzo
Umberto Tammaro
Luigi Zarrilli
Abstract
Since 2004, a continuous Global Positioning System (GPS) network is operated by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) to investigate active tectonic processes in Italy and surrounding regions, which are still largely debated. This important infrastructure, named Rete Integrata Nazionale GPS (RING) network, consists in about 130 stations deployed all over Italy. The development and the realization of a stable GPS monumentation, the integration with seismological instruments and the choice of both satellite and internet data transmission make this network one of the most innovative and reliable CGPS networks in the world. The technologically advanced development of the RING network has been accompanied by the development of different data processing strategies, mainly dependent on the use of different GPS analysis software. The different software-related solutions have been compared for such a large network at different scales and the consistency has been evaluated and quantified within a 0.3 mm/yr RMS value.
Article Details
How to Cite
1.
Avallone A, Selvaggi G, D’Anastasio E, D’Agostino N, Pietrantonio G, Riguzzi F, Serpelloni E, Anzidei M, Casula G, Cecere G, D’Ambrosio C, De Martino P, Devoti R, Falco L, Mattia M, Rossi M, Obrizzo F, Tammaro U, Zarrilli L. The RING network: improvement of a GPS velocity field in the central Mediterranean. Ann. Geophys. [Internet]. 2010May3 [cited 2021Oct.22];53(2):39-54. Available from: https://www.annalsofgeophysics.eu/index.php/annals/article/view/4549
Section
Research Articles
Most read articles by the same author(s)
1 2 3 4 > >> | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Himalayan foreland basin
Untitled
So far it looks like you've gotten a good start on your wiki page. A few things that I noticed were some gramatical errors, make sure to go back and reread everything to see that it reads over smoothly. Also i would maybe restructure the layout of your page. I would talk about basin formation before talking about the lithology, or just change one of the sections so it isnt as redundant. And lastly some pictures showing the location, or just some figures of the structure itself would be very helpful in explaining your basin. Arobi58 (talk) | WIKI |
[erlang-questions] Why do we need modules at all?
Tim Watson <>
Tue May 24 15:44:10 CEST 2011
On 24 May 2011 14:38, Max Lapshin <> wrote:
> I don't understand what are you speaking about.
>
> How do you imagine this magic function namespace in terms of plain files?
>
You forget about files. You're code editor (IDE) is now a browser
based application. You search for things using a sidebar that
ultimately constructs a query to the code server to look for things
based on name/version/type-signature/author/safety/etc which becomes a
URL. You import things based on URLs. Your code is compiled and hosted
on the server. The local file system doesn't have to come into it per
se.
This last point is partly one of my concerns though. I don't always
have an internet connection and something that doesn't work without
one is potentially going to cause me problems. Perhaps if it was easy
for me to copy the entire repository and run it locally, synchronising
when I'm reconnected - that would do nicely. Then the service would be
providing something akin to source version control as well.
My head now hurts. :)
More information about the erlang-questions mailing list | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
-- Angola Seeks Tourism Boost From Roller Hockey World Cup
Angola is betting on the Roller
Hockey World Cup to bolster employment and tourism in a country
where more than half the population lives in poverty . The Southern African nation has spent $89 million building
three pavilions in the capital, Luanda, and in the towns of
Malange and Namibe and a further $17 million for the 41st
staging of the tournament that runs from today to Sept. 28.
Officials say the 16-nation event, the continent’s first, will
boost employment and attract interest from the country’s youth. “The country will become more known and we’ll have less
people taking part in risky behavior such as crime because
they’ll be entertained and busy with hockey,” Pedro Azevedo
Chipita, deputy coordinator of the organizing committee, said in
a Sept. 16 interview in Luanda. “And we’ll create jobs.” Currently tourists are rare because of a visa system that
can take months before entry is granted, while 54 percent of the
population lives on less than $1.25 a day, according to the
United Nations . The Economy Ministry puts the unemployment rate
at more than 20 percent. Tickets cost the equivalent of $2 to $20 and are good for
an entire day’s matches at one location, which could be as many
as three games early in the tournament. Paulo Branco, an
administrator at the ticket sales company, couldn’t say how many
foreigners would visit the country during the competition. The game, sometimes called quad-hockey in the U.S. for the
four-wheel skates used, is played in about 60 countries and was
a demonstration sport at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona.
Portugal , which brought the game to Angola during colonial rule,
and Spain are the strongest nations with 15 world titles apiece.
Italy has four. Greater Agility Roller hockey’s old-style skates allow greater agility than
ball hockey, which is usually played on asphalt using in-line
skates. The sticks are more like those used in field hockey than
ice hockey. “This event will help diversify sports in Angola given the
recently constructed sports infrastructure,” Chipita said.
“You can see there’s roller hockey fever, the city is full of
skaters.” Luanda’s 11,740-seat pavilion was almost sold out earlier
this week for today’s opening match between the host and South
Africa. Basketball and soccer are the most popular sports and the
country won the African Basketball Championship this year. It
hosted soccer’s African Cup of Nations in 2010, building new
stadiums in four cities at a cost of $600 million, according to
the government. That event was marred by the killing of two
members of the Togo squad by separatists in the northern region
of Cabinda. About 4,000 police will be on hand for these games,
organizers said. Coming Fourth “We hope to achieve fourth place since there are stronger
teams,” said Helio Aragao, a spokesman for the organizing
committee. “If we can place higher, all the better.” Angola is in group C with Portugal, Chile and South Africa .
France, Germany and Argentina play in group B along with
Uruguay, which replaced England . It dropped out of the
tournament for financial reasons, The U.S. competes in group D with Mozambique , Italy, and
Colombia, while group A comprises Brazil, Switzerland, Austria
and Spain. To contact the reporters on this story:
Colin McClelland in Luanda at
cmcclelland1@bloomberg.net ;
Manuel Soque in Luanda at
msoque@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Antony Sguazzin at
asguazzin@bloomberg.net | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
1944–45 Real Madrid CF season
The 1944–45 season was Real Madrid Club de Fútbol's 42nd season in existence and the club's 13th consecutive season in the top flight of Spanish football.
Summary
The club finished second in the league, just one point below champions CF Barcelona under management of Ramon Encinas. The team remained in contention for the title until match day 21, when archrivals Barcelona defeated Madrid 5–0 and shattered its chances to reclaim the championship. The squad reached the Copa del Generalísimo round of 16 after defeating SD Ceuta, but was eliminated in a playoff (tiebreaker) match by Sevilla. Barinaga scored and Pruden added two goals.
On 27 October 1944, the club started the construction of the new stadium at Chamartín. | WIKI |
Smack: Getting Started
This document will introduce you to the Smack API and provide an overview of important classes and concepts.
JAR Files and Requirements
Smack is meant to be easily embedded into any existing JDK 1.5 or later Java application. It has no external dependencies (except for the Jingle voice chat functionality) and is optimized to be as small as possible. The library ships as several JAR files to provide more flexibility over which features applications require:
Configuration
Smack has an initialization process that involves 2 phases.
Initialization is accomplished via a configuration file. By default, Smack will load the one embedded in the Smack jar at META-INF/smack-config.xml. This particular configuration contains all the default property values as well as a list of initializer classes to load. All manager type classes are contained in this list of initializers. If your application does not use all the features provided by Smack via the aforementioned managers, you may want to 'turn them off' by providing a custom config file that does not include that feature.
If you want to change the configuration file used, you have two options:
Please note, there is a copy of the smack-config.xml in the samples directory of the deployment archive file (zip or tar).
Establishing a Connection
The XMPPConnection class is used to create a connection to an XMPP server. Below are code examples for making a connection:
// Create a connection to the jabber.org server.
Connection conn1 = new XMPPConnection("jabber.org");
conn1.connect();
// Create a connection to the jabber.org server on a specific port.
ConnectionConfiguration config = new ConnectionConfiguration("jabber.org", 5222);
Connection conn2 = new XMPPConnection(config);
conn2.connect();
Note that maximum security will be used when connecting to the server by default (and when possible), including use of TLS encryption. The ConnectionConfiguration class provides advanced control over the connection created, such as the ability to disable or require encryption. See Connection Management for full details.
Once you've created a connection, you should login using a username and password with the Connection.login(String username, String password) method. Once you've logged in, you can being chatting with other users by creating new Chat or GroupChat objects.
Working with the Roster
The roster lets you keep track of the availability (presence) of other users. Users can be organized into groups such as "Friends" and "Co-workers", and then you discover whether each user is online or offline.
Retrieve the roster using the Connection.getRoster() method. The roster class allows you to find all the roster entries, the groups they belong to, and the current presence status of each entry.
Reading and Writing Packets
Each message to the XMPP server from a client is called a packet and is sent as XML. The org.jivesoftware.smack.packet package contains classes that encapsulate the three different basic packet types allowed by XMPP (message, presence, and IQ). Classes such as Chat and GroupChat provide higher-level constructs that manage creating and sending packets automatically, but you can also create and send packets directly. Below is a code example for changing your presence to let people know you're unavailable and "out fishing":
// Create a new presence. Pass in false to indicate we're unavailable.
Presence presence = new Presence(Presence.Type.unavailable);
presence.setStatus("Gone fishing");
// Send the packet (assume we have a Connection instance called "con").
con.sendPacket(presence);
Smack provides two ways to read incoming packets: PacketListener, and PacketCollector. Both use PacketFilter instances to determine which packets should be processed. A packet listener is used for event style programming, while a packet collector has a result queue of packets that you can do polling and blocking operations on. So, a packet listener is useful when you want to take some action whenever a packet happens to come in, while a packet collector is useful when you want to wait for a specific packet to arrive. Packet collectors and listeners can be created using an Connection instance. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:History of Woman Suffrage Volume 6.djvu/862
846 HISTORY OF WOMAN SUFFRAGE with the native songs and dances ; the farewell in the garden at Saltsjobaden, given by the Stockholm society ; the peasant singing and the wonderful ride back to the city by late northern twilight and moonlight together. The closing speech of the congress made by the international president at the close of the dinner at Saltsjobaden was something indescribable. She stood on a balcony facing the sunset sky and blue sea, with pine trees forming an amphitheater in the background. It was like a triumphant recessional, with benediction for the past and challenge for the future, and when the speaker descended from the balcony and went down to the boat landing followed by the singing of the peasants, the crowd divided, leaving a wide path, and stood gazing after her as though she were too imperial to be followed by anything but music. On the Sunday following the congress an excursion was ar- ranged on beautiful Lake Malaren to the ancient Castle of Grips- holm, where evening dinner was served. The city council and the State railways financially assisted the Entertainment Com- mittee. At all of the Alliance congresses the social entertain- ments were a marked feature. The hospitality was boundless and each country had its historic places and beautiful resorts which differed so much from those of all others as to give them an indescribable charm and interest. Following is part of the report of this one by Mrs. Anna Lindeinann, secretary of the Alliance: ! The official entertainments were most appropriately opened by the truly international greeting which Mrs. Holmgren, one of the founders of the Swedish suffrage movement, addressed to the guests at the reception in the Grand Hotel Royal. Her words which gave a hearty welcome to the French and German-speaking guests and to our Swedish sisters in their several languages; the beautiful cantata written by Sigrid Leijonhufvud, the music com- posed by Alfrida Andree specially for this occasion, and last but 1 The committee which had been appointed to prepare for the congress and had been working for many months beforehand consisted of the Executive Committee of the central board of the National Suffrage Association and the presidents of sub-commitUes formed for different purposes. Miss Signe Bergman acted as president, Miss Axianne Thorstenson as vice-president, Miss Anna Frisell as treasurer, Miss Nini Kohnberger and Miss Elise Carlson as secretaries. Mrs. Virgin was at the head of the Finance Committee. The work of the Press Committee was directed by Mrs. Else Kleen. Mrs. Lily Laurent was at the head of the Committee on Localities. Mrs. Lizinski Dyrssen headed the Committee for Festivities. Mrs. Ezaline Boheman was the head of the Information Bureau. Miss Lamm and Miss Anden directed the work of the thirty university students who served as pages and whose kindness and swift and silent service none will ever forget. At the head of the Travelling Committee was Dr. Malin Wester-Halberg, who arranged the journey to Lapland, gave information about all excursions, etc. | WIKI |
Virtual Embrace
Virtual Embrace is an aggrotech band from Berlin, Germany formed by Mike Johnson (a current member of Agonoize, Sero.Overdose, and Infekktion) and DJ CyberChrist. Their first release was Roots of Evil EP in 2004 and became successful. Influenced by the likes of Hocico, and Suicide Commando, but Mike Johnson denied it, Virtual Embrace is the flagship band for the Hellektro label MAO-Music and, as of 2005, is similar in style to bands on the label NoiTekk, such as Grendel, Psyclon Nine, Aslan Faction, and Tactical Sekt.
Studio albums
* Escape To Insane (Alfa Matrix, 2004)
* Hellektro (Alfa Matrix, 2005)
EPs
* Roots of Evil (Alfa Matrix, 2004)
* Hollow And Pure (Alfa Matrix, 2005)
Remixes
* Disappear! at Disappear! (CDr, EP, Ltd) (Alfa Matrix, 2004)
* Nahtot at Nahtot (CDr) (Alfa Matrix, 2004)
* Not Unique at Psychosomatically Unique (CDr, Ltd, EP) (Alfa Matrix, 2004)
* Forever at Re:Connected [1.0] (2xCD, Ltd) (Alfa Matrix, 2004)
* Das Licht at RE_Productions (Das Licht + Wet Dream) (CD, EP, Ltd) (Black Flames Records, 2004)
* Border at Border (File, MP3) (dependent, 2005)
* Harm at Edge Of Incision (CD, EP) (Infacted Recordings, 2005)
* Stray at The Failure Epiphany (2xCD + Box) (Alfa Matrix, 2005)
* Stray at The Failure Epiphany / Sick Fuck (3xCD, Album + Box, Ltd) (Alfa Matrix, 2005)
* Existence at United Vol 1 (CD) (NoiTekk, 2005)
* Conspiracy With The Devil at Bind, Torture, Kill (CD, Album + CD, Maxi + Box, Ltd) (Terror Productions, Dependent Records, 2006)
* Border at Border (File, AAC) (Metropolis Records, 2006)
* GBA (VE Mix) at For Emergency Use Only (CD, Mini, Ltd) (Not On Label, 2007) | WIKI |
Najmiddin Jalolov
Najmiddin Jalolov (Наджмуддин Камолитдинович Джалолов Nadzhmuddin Kamolitdinovich Dzhalolov, a.k.a. Abu Yahya Muhammad Fatih; April 1, 1972 – September 14, 2009) was the leader of the Jama'at al-Jihad al-Islami, a militant organization affiliated with Al Qaeda that operates in the larger Central Asian region. The group was also suspected of planning attacks in Russia and Western Europe.
Early life
Jalolov was born in the town of Xartum, Andijan Region, Uzbek SSR, today Uzbekistan. He trained in mines and explosives at Al-Qaida camps and participated in operations in Afghanistan and Pakistan on the Taliban side.
Terror activities
Jalolov was a former member of the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU), another organization affiliated with Al Qaeda. Uzbek courts found Jalolov guilty of terrorism in absentia in 2000. He left IMU around 2000 and took part in Islamic Jihad Union.
He was considered a potential ringleader in a September 2007 plot to attack several venues in Germany, according to the United States Treasury Department. In 2006, he directed the casing of terrorist targets, particularly hotels catering to Western visitors, in Central Asia.
Jalolov was tied to Taliban leader Mohammed Omar, Uyghur militant Abu Mohammad, and Al Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden. In 2004, he ordered the attacks on the US Embassy and the Israeli Embassy in Tashkent.
Death
Jalolov was killed in a U.S. Predator drone strike in Pakistan on 14 September 2009. | WIKI |
What is Native and Hybrid IoT App Development?
Why we require iot App development ?
IoT apps are important in helping leverage all the potential benefits that IoT solutions offer. IoT apps can be useful to businesses that are looking at cutting-edge analytics, expediting and automating business processes, industrial process control, and monitoring of machine health and environmental conditions for deriving business value. The best thing about IoT apps is that they can be used to implement IoT solutions remotely, requiring no physical approach to the IoT device. Hence, IoT apps can help business leaders craft new business models and revenue streams, and also supply them with real-time data to help their businesses grow. IoT app Development can be divided into Native and Hybrid IoT App development.
IoT applications are developed to control IoT devices and can be tailor-made to the most specific requirements of any business, industry, healthcare sector, automotive sector, smart homes, wearable wellness devices etc. Increasingly, IoT applications are making use of AI and ML to increase capability of devices. Various frameworks are available for building IoT apps including Ionic, Flutter, and React native app development framework .
Hybrid IoT App development
What is Hybrid IoT App development?
The reason for the popularity of apps is because of the flexibility they offer to developers. In a hybrid app, developers can write code for a mobile app once and still be able to accommodate multiple platforms in it.
Hybrid apps are typically packaged in a native container that makes use of a mobile WebView object. On using the app, we are able to access the web content with the help of web technologies such as CSS, JavaScript etc.
When is it best to go for a Hybrid IoT App development?
For IoT web developers, a hybrid IoT app is the choice to go for in situations when
• the app you are designing is a simple app
• when you have to develop an app for two platforms –iOS and Android, with budgetary constraints
• an app has quick access to two profitable markets such as iOS and Android.
The 2 most popular app frameworks used in Hybrid IoT app development
Flutter App Development
Flutter is a popular open-source User Interface (UI) Hybrid App development kit created by Google. App developers use it to create apps for various platforms such as Android, iOS, Linux, Windows, Mac, and more recently Google Fuchsia and the web.
With Flutter, developers are able to create apps that have a quite high production value. This is because Flutter offers a common codebase for Android and iOS. It provides the developers with the creative space and capabilities to build amazing UIs with flexible designs, thereby creating a compelling user interface that results in a superb Minimum Value Product (MVP).
The efficacy of the Flutter framework has resulted in big brands such as Alibaba adopting Flutter for creating beautiful apps that boost user engagement.
React Native App Development
React Native is an open-source app development framework developed by Facebook. It is used to create applications for Android, Android TV, iOS, macOS, tvOS, Web, Windows and other platforms. The framework helps developers use the React framework with its native platform functionality. React Native also finds applications in the development of virtual reality apps at Oculus.
React is a JavaScript library for building user interfaces. React Native is a framework based on React JS.
Running in the background process on the end device, React native establishes communication with the native platform through serial data.
The components of the React Framework tend to wrap the native code and communicate with native APIs through React’s UI and JavaScript.
React native is a part of MERN which is the superset of many app development frameworks. MERN is an acronym for MERN MongoDB, Express, React, and Node, the four important technologies that constitute this stack.
• MongoDB – It is a document database
• Express(.js) – It is a web framework
• React(.js) -It is a client-side JavaScript framework
• Node(.js) -It is the high-value JavaScript web server framework
The MERN is a full-stack app development solution that consists of an architecture that enables developers to effortlessly create a 3-level architecture (frontend, backend, database) for app development by using only JavaScript and JSON technologies.
React.js Front End
The topmost tier of the MERN stack is React.js, the JavaScript framework for building dynamic client-side apps in HTML.
React’s strengths include the ability to handle stateful, data-driven interfaces in a hassle-free manner.
Express.js and Node.js Server Tier
The tier below the React.js front end is the Express.js server-side framework. Express.js is a framework of Node.js.
Express.js is a flexible Node.js web application framework with which we get robust server capabilities to create web and mobile applications. Here are some of the key features of the Express framework −
• Enables setting up middlewares to
• Response to HTTP Requests.
• Helps define a routing table that can be used to do various tasks on the basis of HTTP Method and URL.
• Helps create dynamic HTML pages on the basis of arguments passed to the web page.
MongoDB Database Tier
Many apps may require storage of data such as user profile data, audio-video content, events etc. If your app has such requirements, you will need a database which is quite smooth to work with just like React, and Express for example.
What is a Native App?
Native apps are built for smartphones and other devices and they are designed for a specific platform/ operating system such as iOS or Android.
The 2 most popular app frameworks for Native app development are:
• Kotlin
Kotlin is a cross-platform app development framework used to develop apps for a variety of platforms such as Android, JVM, Windows etc. Kotlin is designed to ensure coding compatibility with Java under Android studio.
• Swift
Swift is an app development framework used for developing apps on the iOS platform. Swift comes with modern code properties like type inference and generics. It is also packed with powerful tools to improve app safety and the performance of the system. Swift is compatible with Cocoa and Cocoa Touch frameworks that are used to develop amazing and powerful UI for iOS apps.
When is it best to go for a Native IoT App development?
• When the requirement is for a professional app that meets all the standards of the selected platform for which the app is being built.
• If an app has a complex set of needs with high and wide functionality
• If the need is for an app that has a high speed.
Also, Read IoT and Logistics.
Conclusion
Native app development scores over Hybrid app development on the parameters of aesthetics whereas Hybrid app development should be your choice if cost is your concern.
PsiBorg provides you with full-stack IoT app development services wherein we use MERN for our IoT app development services. We have in the past helped our customers achieve stupendous results by building IoT apps for IoT wearable devices with added google home/Alexa skills, home automation systems, Industrial Automation systems, Dashboards for data visualization for Smart Agriculture, and smart home security development.
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Understanding Kubernetes’ tools/cache package: part 9—Kubernetes controllers in Java!
In part 8 of this series (you can start at the beginning if you want), we looked at some of the foundational principles and stakes in the ground we’re going to establish and plant in the ground as part of our journey towards making an idiomatic Kubernetes controller framework in Java and CDI 2.0.
Let’s look at an idiomatic implementation of these concepts centered around the fabric8 Kubernetes client implementation of Kubernetes watch functionality, and (eventually) targeted at a CDI 2.0 environment.
A Reflector‘s main purpose is to reflect a certain portion of the state of the Kubernetes universe into a cache of some kind. It needs to do this in a fault-tolerant and thread-safe way, taking care not to block the thread it’s using to talk to Kubernetes. As we’ve seen, this involves starting by listing objects meeting certain criteria and then setting up a watch for those objects and reacting to the logical events that occur to them by offloading them quickly into some kind of cache and scampering back to Kubernetes for more. Then periodically a synchronization of downstream consumers with known state is performed, making sure that downstream consumers never miss any events concerning Kubernetes resources they care about, even if the listing and watching machinery suffers a hiccup.
The Go code around all this is relatively complicated. Fortunately, though, since we’re using the excellent fabric8 Kubernetes client, we can take advantage of the fact that it already has sophisticated watch functionality that, among other things, handles reconnections for us. So we don’t have to write code around all that: we just need to set up the listing code and provide a Watcher to be notified of watch events. That will take care of listing and watching behavior and reduce a lot of code we have to write. Hooray for laziness.
We can also take advantage of Java’s generics to ensure that we strongly type what objects we support (Pods, Deployments, ConfigMaps, and so on). We can ensure that type information makes it all the way into the internals of our implementation. The Go code needs to check this at runtime since Go has no support for generics. That should simplify our code a little bit. Hooray for more laziness and type safety.
A Reflector, as we said, needs to update a cache in a very specific way. The Go code models the cache as a store of objects. If we dig in a little more, though, it turns out that even in the Go code the Reflector only needs the mutating operations to be exposed, not the getters and listers. Specifically, a reflector will look to add, update and delete objects in the store, and will also look to resynchronize state and to do a full replace of objects in one atomic shot. But that’s it.
We can reduce this surface area in our idiomatic Java Reflector implementation even more by recognizing that if we start out by modeling the cache as a cache of logical events rather than a cache of arbitrary objects we only need to support one addition method that takes an event as a payload. Then we have to support a total of three operations:
• // Make an event from the supplied raw materials; store it
public void add(final Object source, final Event.Type eventType, final T resource)
• // Do a full replace of our state
public void replace(final Collection<? extends T> objects, final Object resourceVersion)
• // When told to synchronize, look at our known objects and
// fire synchronization events downstream for each of them
public void synchronize()
So from the standpoint of what a Reflector needs to do its job, we know what an event cache must look like at a minimum. In fact, it might look like this EventCache interface from my microbean-kubernetes-controller project on Github!😀
Then our Reflector might look like my Reflector class in the same project.
We can see that it takes in something that is both Listable (and when it’s listed returns a KubernetesResourceList descendant) and VersionWatchable—which can be produced from a KubernetesClient. Objects satisfying these requirements are roughly equivalent to the Go code’s ListerWatcher with, as we’ve noted, the added benefit that reconnections are automatically handled, and if you can express them properly, then filtering is already handled. Hooray for even more laziness.
The Reflector constructor also takes in the writable “side” of a cache of Events. This is where it will “mirror” the events it receives from watching the Kubernetes API server. This corresponds roughly with the Go code’s notion of a Store, and more specifically with the notion of a DeltaFIFO, but exposes only the mutating methods actually needed by a writeable store of events, not any extras related to reading or listing. Also, where a DeltaFIFO had to turn a generic “add an arbitrary object” function into an “add an event recording an addition” invocation, we start with the notion that everything being stored is an event, so it’s one fewer step we have to take and one fewer transformation we have to make.
So, implement an EventCache, call kubernetesClient.configMaps() or something equivalent, pass them in to a new Reflector, start it, and you can begin filling your cache with events!
Of course, you’ll want to drain that cache, and also allow it to periodically inform its downstream customers of its state for synchronization purposes. And a good implementation will sort incoming events into queues, where each queue is effectively the events that have occurred to a particular keyed Kubernetes resource over time.
Fortunately, there is a good implementation. The stock implementation of this kind of EventCache is EventQueueCollection, which models all this and another part of the Go Store type. EventQueueCollection lets you pass in a Consumer and start it siphoning off events in a careful, thread-safe manner, much like the Pop() function in the Go code. Events are stored in queues per object, keyed by an overridable method that determines how keys for a given Kubernetes resource are composed.
The stock Consumer normally used here, an implementation of ResourceTrackingEventQueueConsumer, is a simple Consumer that takes a Map of objects indexed by keys at construction time. These “known objects” are updated as events are siphoned off the upstream EventQueueCollection, and then those individual events are passed on to the abstract accept() method. Once an event arrives here, it can be processed directly, or rebroadcast, or whatever; all housekeeping has been taken care of. We’ll come back to this.
Back to those known objects. EventQueueCollection takes in the same kind of Map, and this is no coincidence. Your consumer of events and your EventQueueCollection should share this cache: when your EventQueueCollection gets instructed to synchronize(), it will send synchronization events to any downstream consumers…
…like the ResourceTrackingEventQueueConsumer we were just talking about, who will update that very same Map of known objects appropriately.
This is all tedious boilerplate to set up, so just like the Go code, we put all of this behind a Controller façade. A Controller marries a Reflector and an EventQueueCollection together with a simple Consumer of events, and arranges for them all to dance together. If you start the Controller, it will start the Consumer, then start the Reflector, and you will start seeing events flow through the pinball machine. If you close the Controller, it will close the Reflector, then close the Consumer and you will stop seeing events. All overridable methods in Reflector andResourceTrackingEventQueueConsumer are “forwarded” into the Controller class, so you can customize it in one place.
So: create a Controller, give it an expression of the “real” Kubernetes resources you want to watch and list, hand it a consumer of mirrored versions of those events, and a Map representing the known state of the world, and you can now process Kubernetes resources just like Kubernetes controllers written in Go.
This is, of course, still too much boilerplate, since in all of this we still haven’t talked about business logic.
Therefore, in a CDI world, this is all a candidate for parking behind a portable extension. That will be the topic of the next post. Till then, have fun looking at the microbean-kubernetes-controller project on Github as it develops further.
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Author: Laird Nelson
Devoted husband and father; working on Helidon at the intersection of Java, Jakarta EE, architecture, Kubernetes and microservices at Oracle; open source guy; Hammond B3 player and Bainbridge Islander.
2 thoughts on “Understanding Kubernetes’ tools/cache package: part 9—Kubernetes controllers in Java!”
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Finding any new bumps, moles, warts, or skin tags can be unnerving and it’s not uncommon to quickly move to the idea that it might be cancerous.
Cancer is about prevention and knowledge, so becoming aware of the facts and the signs and symptoms is the first step to taking control of your health and wellness. Additionally, understanding your resources and skin cancer natural treatment options will help you to more effectively fight the disease should you find that you have it.
If you’ve discovered a new skin growth and are wondering whether it’s a wart or skin cancer, the first step is to know the differences between the two. Let’s take a closer look at a wart vs skin cancer, so you can learn how to tell if it’s cancerous or not.
What Exactly is a Wart?
Warts can appear on any area of the body and are caused by viruses in the human papillomavirus (HPV) family. There are over 40 different types of HPV and the virus can be transmitted from one person to another by direct or indirect contact.5
The common wart can vary in appearance depending on where they’re located on the body and how thick the skin is in that particular region. This skin growth can look like a small cauliflower or solid blister— and specific types include common warts, flat warts, pigmented warts, and plantar warts.1
• Common warts: These are rough, raised bumps that appear on the hands, fingers, or elbows. They can cause pain and are sometimes prone to bleeding (this is good to note, as cancerous warts will also bleed). In most cases, the common wart is slighter greyer compared to the rest of the skin.
• Flat warts: These dark and slightly raised lesions can pop up anywhere throughout the body. This common skin problem is small, flat, and usually goes unnoticed.
• Plantar warts: These are hard and tend to occur on the ball of the heel or the foot which can lead to discomfort. Unlike other types of warts, plantar warts grow into the skin, not outside of it. While a plantar wart is not dangerous, it can cause discomfort while walking.
• Oropharyngeal warts: Coming in different shapes and sizes, these can be found on the tongue, cheek, or oral surfaces. Typically, they aren’t painful.
Often, warts can disappear within 1 to 5 years without any treatment at all. If warts are large or found in sensitive areas, treatments range between salicylic acid, cryotherapy, duct tape, surgery, electrocautery, laser treatment, photodynamic therapy, chemical treatments, topical creams, cantharidin, and antigen shots. 1
Most warts are benign, though certain strains of HPV can lead to warts on, in, or around the genitals (which can potentially lead to certain types of cancer). For this reason, it’s suggested that anyone who discovers genital warts should see a doctor for an assessment. To reduce the risk of catching or spreading warts don’t touch other people’s warts, share personal items, scratch warts, brush or shave the hair in areas that have them, or bite your fingernails if warts are nearby. It’s also a good idea to wear sandals when you’re entering and leaving communal showers and pools. Now that you know what exactly a the common wart is, you’ll be better able to tell whether a growth is a wart or skin cancer. 1 If you are still having trouble deciphering whether or not your skin condition is cancerous, talk to your dermatologist for further examination.
What Is a Skin Tag?
Another common skin problem, skin tags are a flap of skin that form from friction. Whether it’s skin rubbing against skin or a hard fabric, skin tags first appear as a small bump and can increase in size the more they are agitated. These skin cells will continue to cluster together until the small formation appears to be barely hanging on. While skin tags aren’t dangerous, they can cause irritation. If you do not like the sight of your skin tag or it is painful, your doctor can remove them.
Natural Options for Wart Removal
After you’ve checked with your health care professional about whether or not your particular growth is a wart vs. skin cancer, you might be interested in exploring some natural options for wart removal. Although HPV and warts can be a source of embarrassment for some, rest assured that you’re not alone. About 1 in 4 people in the United States are affected by HPV.6
Here are some natural options for wart removal that have shown promising results.
• Tea tree oil: Tea tree oil (or Melaleuca alternifolia) has antimicrobial and exfoliating properties. In a small study, it was found that topical wart treatments with tea tree oil reduces warts.
• Apple cider vinegar: A popular wart removal treatment with apple cider vinegar calls for soaking a cotton ball in the vinegar and applying it to the skin before bedtime. Protect the wart and keep the cotton ball in place by using a piece of tape or a bandage. Remember that apple cider vinegar is acidic, and can cause irritation in some people.
• Echinacea: Also called the purple coneflower, it’s been shown that taking echinacea as an oral supplement or tea can help reduce the incidence of warts.
• Ficus carica: In study participants, a latex from this type fig tree helped to reduce the occurrence of warts.
• Garlic ointments: Garlic ointments have been shown to reduce warts when applied topically.
What is Skin Cancer?
Skin cancer is caused when cells in the body grow exponentially. The two more frequently diagnosed types of skin cancer are basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas, which are highly treatable, followed by malignant melanoma which is more dangerous.4
When it comes to skin cancer, one of the most important tools we like to share is to spread the word of the ABCDE rule. This rule will help you stay alert for some of the common signs and symptoms of malignant melanoma. The first signs of melanoma usually present themselves in existing skin moles. So whether you’re analyzing a wart, a mole, or anything else related to the skin, keep the ABCDE rule in mind and perform a monthly self check-up. 3
• Asymmetry: If one part of the mole or mark doesn’t match the other, this is a cause for concern.
• Border: If the edges of the marking are notched or irregular, this is a warning sign.
• Color: Keep track of whether or not the color is not the same all over, and includes shades of brown or black with irregularities in color of pink, red, white, or blue.
• Diameter: Take note if the spot is bigger than a pencil eraser — or larger than about 1/4 inch across.
• Evolving: Notice if the mole is changing in shape, size, or color.
Keep in mind that the best way to minimize your risk of developing skin cancer is to protect your skin. Wear a daily sunscreen, limit times outdoors during peak sunshine hours, avoid tanning beds, and opt for a wide-brimmed hat and shady spots.
Differences Between a Wart and Skin Cancer
While warts tend to be harmless, it’s crucial to note that skin cancer takes on many different forms. Abnormal looking skin moles, freckles, and warts can often be skin cancer in disguise, so it’s important to know how to tell if a wart is cancerous. 2
After basal cell, squamous cell carcinoma is the most common type of skin cancer. This particular type of cancer forms when the squamous cells begin to grow uncontrollably in the epidermis (or top layers of the skin). There are lots of symptoms squamous cell carcinoma exhibits — among them, a wart-like growth. One of the main factors to pay attention to when analyzing skin cancer that looks like a wart, is to ask yourself the question — does it bleed or crust? Warts are typically painless and will not crust or bleed, however, with skin cancer they typically will.
Squamous cell carcinoma tends to first appear as a red and scaly plaque of skin. It may get larger and form a sore or it may show up as a red, hard bump that doesn’t go away.The skin lesion might itch or burn and tends to appear in areas that have had the most sun exposure like the lips, arms, legs, face, ears, and top of the hands. The good news is that if squamous cell carcinoma is caught early, it can be treated effectively.
Basal cell carcinoma is the most common type of skin cancer and occurs from abnormal growth of basal cells. Basal cell carcinoma, another type of non-melanoma skin cancer, can also tend to look like a wart, as it typically shows up as a small, pearly bump.
If you have a bump that persists, especially if it crusts or bleeds, it’s time to see the doctor for a diagnosis so you can be treated. As we like to say — when in doubt, get it checked out. A doctor can perform a biopsy to let you know if it’s a wart, skin tag, or skin cancer. Early detection of identifying skin cancer can reduce potential risk factors later on. After diagnosis, there are several treatment options, ranging from laser cancer treatment to whole-body hypothermia.
What to Do Next
Becoming aware of how to tell if a wart or skin tag is cancerous is the first step. If you’ve visited your doctor and received a diagnosis, the next step is to discuss whether or not you’ll need surgery or if you’re interested in a skin cancer alternative treatment plan.
At Immunity Therapy Center, we specialize in alternative cancer treatments to help you fight your battle with cancer. Our skin cancer natural treatment program is designed to stimulate your immune system so that it can help fight cancer cells. We combine diet with natural, non-invasive, therapies that will work against your cancer cells’ weaknesses.
Always remember that the next best step is to stay hopeful. If you have questions or are interested in learning more about natural remedies for skin cancer or what we do, feel free to reach out to Immunity Therapy Center today. With a dedicated and enthusiastic staff, we’ll be happy to welcome you into our holistic cancer treatment center with a program that is 100% customized and personalized.
For now, be sure to check your warts, consult your doctor, and remember that Immunity Therapy Center is here to help keep you informed.
Sources
1. medicalnewstoday.com. How to Treat a Wart https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/155039#prevention
2. skinvision.com. Skin Cancer That Looks Like Warts https://www.skinvision.com/library/skin-cancer-that-looks-like-a-wart/
3. cancer.org. How to Spot Skin Cancer https://www.cancer.org/latest-news/how-to-spot-skin-cancer.html
4. cdc.gov. Basic Information About Skin Cancer https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/skin/basic_info/index.htm
5. health.harvard.edu. Warts https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/warts-a-to-z
6. healthline.com. What Are My Treatment Options for HPV? https://www.healthline.com/health/sexually-transmitted-diseases/hpv-natural-treatment#symptoms
March 10, 2020
Dr. Carlos Bautista is a Board Certified Medical Doctor. He received his Medical Degree from Universidad Autónoma de Baja California and has more than 20 years of experience working with Alternative Medicine to treat cancer, autoimmune diseases, chronic degenerative diseases, and infectious diseases. He opened Immunity Therapy Center in 2007 with the goal of providing the highest quality medical care for more than 5,000 patients.
At Immunity Therapy Center, our goal is to provide objective, updated, and research-based information on all health-related topics. This article is based on scientific research and/or other scientific articles. All information has been fact-checked and reviewed by Dr. Carlos Bautista, a Board Certified Medical Doctor at Immunity Therapy Center. All information published on the site must undergo an extensive review process to ensure accuracy. This article contains trusted sources with all references hyperlinked for the reader's visibility. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
The Global Guru: Why Emerging Markets Will Soar in Q4
By Nicholas Vardy
Emerging Markets have had a lousy 2013.
The threat of tapering by the U.S. Federal Reserve, the biggest emerging-market currency sell-off in five years and improving prospects for the developed markets of the United States and Europe have made emerging markets the red-headed step child among investors.
Emerging-market bond funds have seen 14 straight weeks of outflows, with investors withdrawing $4.56 billion in August alone, according to EPFR Global. Emerging market equity funds have hardly fared better.
But here's the thing about emerging markets.
Much like other high-risk assets like, say, biotechnology they are driven by “boom” and “bust.”
Back in the late and early 1990s, emerging markets were all the rage and clocked several consecutive 100%+ gains.
Just look at the chart of the pioneering Templeton Emerging Markets Fund, Inc. (EMF) between 1990 and 1993.
And much like biotechnology, emerging markets are overdue for a boom.
That boom may have already started, as the MSCI Emerging Markets Index bottomed on Aug. 27 and has rallied 11.43% since.
And here's why I think emerging markets will continue to soar in Q4...
1. Because They (Almost) Always Do
As a former emerging markets mutual fund manager, I can reveal that one of the “dirty little secrets” of emerging markets managers is that we expected to make the most money for our clients during Q4.
Sure, there are exceptions, like the period after the collapse of Lehman Brothers in 2008, when investors abandoned all risky assets and everyone headed for the exits at once.
But during normal times -- and yes, today counts as normal -- the story goes something like this:
Big, institutional money, as opposed to more nimble hedge funds, starts thinking ahead to the next year.
Strategists write reports, committees meet and the powers that be nod their heads in agreement. And institutional managers start implementing their new asset allocation decisions before the start of the year. After all, they want to have them in place by Jan. 1.
That means shifting money out of, say, U.S. markets into emerging markets, or taking money out of India to put it to work in Thailand. This process always tended to move markets in December.
But since they want to get a jump on the competition -- after all, why wait to buy at a higher price -- they start a bit earlier, say November.
And all of that activity and buying tends to move the prices of markets up.
2. Because You Hate Them
Emerging markets were pegged by most institutional investors as the most popular asset class at the start of 2013. I made the same error.
That positive sentiment stands in stark contrast to a recent survey of 900 Bloomberg subscribers, according to which the formerly high-flying BRICs (Brazil, Russia, India and China) were expected to do the worst among any markets on Earth. India fared the poorest, followed by Brazil, Russia and China. A full 36% of respondents said the BRIC era is over.
Brazil has fallen from its commodities boom-driven perch. Russia has resumed its traditional position as the market that investors love to hate and as the Putin mafia's playground. India magically transformed from a country that churned out engineers that put the United States to shame into a dysfunctional mess.
The only relatively good news is coming from China. And given that country’s Soviet-like penchant for making up numbers, even that is suspect. Only 14% of survey respondents said China will be one of the two best places to invest in the next year and 23% called it one or two of the worst.
If you are a contrarian investor, there is hardly a better time to buy emerging markets.
3. Because Markets Always Revert To The Mean
The underperformance of emerging markets compared with, say, the United States in 2013 almost has been unprecedented
As of today, the U.S. market has outperformed emerging markets by over 26.7% -- just this year. And that’s after the recent double-digit rally in emerging markets.
But as the economist Herb Stein observed, things will keep going the way they do until one day they don't.
Put another way, emerging markets' underperformance, compared with the United States, will last -- until it inevitably narrows.
And why that gap won't narrow is because of a collapse in the U.S. stock markets, supported, as it is, by an improving economy.
After all, emerging markets are as cheap as they've ever been and are trading at a price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio of roughly 10 versus 15 for the U.S. market.
My prediction?
At some point, emerging markets will have a sustained -- and lasting -- rally reminiscent of the monster rally in the early 1990s.
That rally may have already started.
Disclosure: I hold the iShares MSCI Emerging Markets (EEM) both personally and on behalf of my clients at my firm Global Guru Capital.
To read my e-letter from last week’s Eagle Daily Investor, please click here. I also invite you to comment about my column in the space provided below my Eagle Daily Investor commentary.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
I fail to understand why cut off value would be system dependent, and not a constant.
From Princeton University website
Cutoff to insertion sort. As with mergesort, it pays to switch to insertion sort for tiny arrays. The optimum value of the cutoff is system-dependent, but any value between 5 and 15 is likely to work well in most situations.
Would it be safe to assume that optimal cut off value is equal to optimal set size for Insert sort?
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Because computers are not identical. You are switching from a stack intensive torrent of recursive calls to a memory intensive set of loops. The latter will be most efficient if you can stay inside the size of the memory caches on the CPU. These vary from model to model, hence it is system dependent. – Thorbjørn Ravn Andersen Feb 5 '15 at 0:54
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think of it as probably closely related to more general metrics eg the speed of the insertion sort vs speed of quicksort on $n$ items. these differences are amplified for low values of $n$ because there is less "law of averages" working out. – vzn Feb 5 '15 at 5:52
up vote 12 down vote accepted
Because the actual running time (in seconds) of real code on a real computer depends on how fast that computer runs the instructions and how fast it retrieves the relevant data from memory, how well it caches it and so on. Insertion sort and quicksort use different instructions and hava different memory access patterns. So the running time of quicksort versus insertion sort for any particular dataset on any particular system will depend both on the instructions used to implement those two sorting routines and the memory access patterns of the data. Given the different mixes of instructions, it's perfectly possible that insertion sort is faster for lists of up to ten items on one system, but only for lists up to six items on some other system.
The relative costs of various operations are different on different machines, and compilers have varying degrees of ability to optimize various constructs. David Richerby goes into somewhat more detail on that, but the last half-sentence of the highlighted quote is perhaps the most important. In many cases where one algorithm is more efficient than another for small data sets, and another is more efficient for large data sets, the performance differences between the two algorithms are apt to be rather small for data sets near the "break-even" point. As a simple example, assume for numerical simplicity that the cost of insertion sort is precisely $C_1 · N·N$ with some constant $C_1$, and the cost of quick sort is precisely $C_2 · N·\lg(N)$ for some other constant $C_2$. Then consider the relative behaviors for two sets of constants.
First of all, suppose that the constants are $C_1 =1$ and $C_2 = 2$. Then for $N=4$ both sorts will take time 16; for $N=16$, insertion sort will take time 256 and quick sort will take time 128. For $N=8$, insertion sort will take time 64 and quick sort will take time 48.
Now suppose the constants are $C_1 = 1$ and $C_2 = 4$. Then for $N=4$, insertion sort will take time 16 while quick sort will take time 32; for $N=16$, both sorts will take time 256. For $N=8$, insertion sort will take time 64 and quick sort will take time 96.
In the former scenario, the break-even point was 4, and in the latter it was 16, but despite the $4:1$ difference in break-even point, the time required for insertion sort and quick sort will be within 50% of each other for $N=8$. If one knows that the real situation is somewhere between those two scenarios, determining the exact break-even point may allow some performance improvement versus simply using a value of 8, but using 8 will be at most 50% worse than using the optimal value. Note further that because a program is unlikely to spend most of its time sorting regions of size 8, the 50% difference in time to sort regions of that size will generally have only a small effect on overall sorting performance.
Hand-write an insertion sort and a merge sort for a list with 3 items, down to assembly code. Pay attention to:
• # of comparisons performed
• # of registers loaded
• other lower level or higher level considerations: # of assembly instructions, variance introduced by the randomness in quicksort, etc.
Now see if you can give different weights to the operations that might represent two different systems - for instance, one that's comparison-optimized and one that's register loading-optimized, and compute total . If you can get different results, then it's systems-dependent. If you always get the same result, the one algorithm is always faster.
This should give you a rigorous way to think about these problems.
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There seems to be something missing. – Raphael Feb 4 '15 at 18:54
• Clearly, anything missing is already covered in "other computer science things". – corsiKa Feb 5 '15 at 0:00
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Where would I find an exhaustive list of "other computer science things"? – Antonios Hadjigeorgalis May 29 '16 at 11:35
• @AntoniosHadjigeorgalis didn't mean to imply there is one. Perhaps you're trying to save energy on a particular processor or perhaps you're performing a sort on pancakes and want to minimize the number of times the bottom of a pancake is touched. Should pancake sort go from a toy interview problem to a serious area of research you'd probably see new concepts to model this sort of question as new questions arise. The field is growing of course. – djechlin May 29 '16 at 15:50
• Anyway I replaced the phrase that was causing offense. – djechlin May 29 '16 at 15:51
Imagine an implementation where a function call is very, very expensive. Say so expensive that in the time it takes to do one function call, you can sort an array of 1000 elements with insertion sort.
Do you think that would influence the optimal switching point?
When a partition reaches the size that can fit in a machine dependent sized cache, then it will be faster . It's more interesting to look at the mathematics behind the machine independent answer of 10 being the cut off point. C_N is the number of comparisons to sort N elements; in quick sort, each element is compared with the partitioning element until the left and right pointers cross ( so the last comparison happens once again ), so there are N + 1 comparisons for the current partitioning call. Then there are recursive calls on the left and right partitions either side of the partitioning element. In randomized quicksort, where all the elements are shuffled first, then the average number of comparisons in the two partitions is given by $ { \sum_{j=0}^N \big( C_{j-1} + C_{N-j-1} \big) \over N } $.
The goal is then to simplify the solution of the quicksort average comparison count equation , and then incorporate the given average comparison cost of insertion sort $ {j(j-1) \over 4 } $ at a given cutoff $M$. The sum is simplified, because there is symmetry of C terms around half $N$. $ {2 \over N} \sum_{j=0}^N C_{j-1} $ Eliminate the sum by subtracting the equation for $N-1$ $$ C_N = N + 1 + {2 \over N} \sum_{j=0}^N C_{j-1} $$ minus $$ C_{N-1} = (N-1) + 1 + { 2 \over N-1} \sum_{j=0}^{N-1} C_{j-1} $$ Multiply by N and N-1 respectively the equations to make the subtraction easier. $$ N C_N - (N-1) C_{N-1} = N(N+1) - (N-1)(N) + 2 \bigg(\sum_{j=0}^N C_{j-1} -\sum_{j=0}^{N-1} C_{j-1} \bigg)$$ Collecting terms and subtracting the sums, $$ N C_N = (N-1)C_{N-1} + 2N + 2 \bigg( C_{N-1} \bigg) = (N+1)C_{N-1} + 2N $$ Dividing by N(N+1) , the suitable summation factor, which simplifies to a recurrence equation that can be telescoped. $$ {C_N \over N+1} = {C_{N-1} \over N} + { 2 \over N+1} $$ Telescope, whilst maintaining that $ C_{N-1} <> C_{M} $ $$ {C_N \over N+1} = {C_{M+1} \over M+2} + \bigg(2 \sum_{j=M+3}^{N+1} {1 \over j} = 2 \big( \sum_{j=1}^{N+1} {1\over j} - \sum_{j=1}^{M+2} {1\over j} \big) \bigg) $$ $C_{M+1}$ follows the original recurrence equation, but with the insertion cost inserted instead of recursive partitioning. $$ {C_{M+1} \over M + 2} = (M+1) + 1 + 2 \sum_{j=1}^{M+1} {j(j-1) \over 4} $$ Since $ \sum_{j=1}^{P} { P \choose Q} = { P+1 \choose Q+1} $ $$ {C_{M+1} \over M + 2 } = M + 2 + 2/2 { M+2 \choose 3} = M + 2 + (M+2)(M+1)(M) / 6 $$ $$ C_{M+1} = 1 + { M(M+1) \over 6 } $$
Since $ \sum_{j=1}^N {1\over j} = H_N \approx ln N + \gamma $ , the whole equation looks like $$ C_N = (N + 1) \bigg(1+ {M(M+1) \over 6(M+2)} + 2\big(ln (N+1) - ln (M+2) \big) \bigg) $$
So for N = 1000, C_N is minimum when M = 10, independent of the machine.
This is a student answer (mine) to an Exercise from the AofA website, Introduction Analysis of Algorithms Sedgewick The answer is a middle school algebra expansion of some answers found on a discussion forum, mainly this thread : Flores, Yao and Spreng , and a it's a good idea to try to independently reach their answers. I got to the first one, and found it came up with 6 which was the wrong answer, and re-read the thread several times before being able to understand the abbreviated answer by Yao, having to dive into the book to get his assumptions , which are explained above in a middle school algebra way ( that's about my level, after 30+ years of not doing maths ).
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George Holden (RAF officer)
Wing Commander George Walton Holden, (1913 – 16 September 1943) was a British aviator and a pilot in RAF Bomber Command during the Second World War. He was briefly commander of No. 617 Squadron RAF—"The Dam Busters"—before his death.
Biography
Born in 1913 in Oldham, he was the son of Frederick Charles Holden and Beatrice Holden. He was educated at Ashburton Grammar School, and enlisted in the Royal Air Force (RAF) in 1934.
Commissioned in 1941 with the service number 103484, Holden served with No. 102 Squadron RAF.
He was awarded a Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC) on 2 September 1941 while with No. 35 Squadron RAF and a Bar to his DFC on 12 February 1943. A Distinguished Service Order followed on 11 June 1943.
After the Dams raid, Guy Gibson was awarded the Victoria Cross and was retired from flying duties. Holden was brought in to command No. 617 Squadron RAF.
Holden only took part in 4 operations with No. 617 Squadron as he was killed during Operation Garlic, a failed raid on the Dortmund-Ems Canal. Four of Gibson's crew from Operation Chastise (Deering, Hutchison Spafford and Taerum) were with Holden and all perished. He is buried in the Reichswald Forest War Cemetery in Germany. | WIKI |
Page:A history of booksellers, the old and the new.djvu/429
389 THOMAS TEGG. 389 ' Yes, my dear, by all means help Mr. Hunt,' was her answer. ' He aided us in trouble ; you can do no less for him.' Next morning I found I had become his surety for thirty thousand pounds. I was sharply questioned in court as to my means, and, rubbing his hands together, Mr. Barrister remarked that Book- selling must be a fine trade, and wished he had been brought up to it. I answered, 'The result did not depend on the trade, but on the man ; for instance, if I had been a lawyer I would not have remained half this time in your situation I would have occupied a seat with their lordships.' There was a laugh in court, and the judge said, ' You may stand down.' " When success first really dawned, Tegg began to feel poignantly the want of a more complete education; however, he determined to employ the powers he possessed as best he could. His earliest publications consisted B of a series of pamphlets, printed in duo- decimo, with frontispieces, containing abridgments of popular works ; and the series extended to two hundred, many of them circulating to the extent of 4000 copies. As an instance of his business energy, we may cite the following : Tegg heard one morning from a friend that Nelson had been shot at Trafalgar. He set an engraver to work instantly on a portrait of the hero, purchased the Naval Chronicle, found ample material for a biography ; and, in a few hours, " The Whole Life of Nelson" was ready for the press. Such timely assiduity was rewarded by a sale of 5000 sixpenny copies. On another occasion, when on a summer jaunt to Windsor with a friend, it was jocu- larly resolved that, as they had come to see the king, they ought to make his Majesty pay the expenses of the trip. Tegg suggested a Life of Mrs. Mary Anne | WIKI |
Johnny Woodward
Horace John Woodward (16 January 1924 – 8 August 2002) was an English professional footballer who played for Tottenham Hotspur, Queens Park Rangers, Tonbridge, Snowdown Colliery Welfare, Walsall, Stourbridge and Horsham.
Playing career
Woodward signed as an amateur for Tottenham Hotspur in 1939. In 1941 he made his senior debut in the London Wartime League. During World War II he served as a gunner in the Merchant Navy. On his return from duty Spurs offered him a professional contract in May 1946. The central defender made his Football League debut against Newport County in September 1946 when he replaced the injured Bill Nicholson – Woodward remains the only Lilywhite to make his League debut at Somerton Park. Woodward played a total of 67 matches in all competitions and scored one goal for the Lilies between 1946–49. Queens Park Rangers paid £10,500 for his services in 1949. He went on to feature in a further 57 fixtures. After leaving Loftus Road he joined Tonbridge in 1951 and went on to have brief spells at Snowdown Colliery Welfare, Stourbridge and Walsall where he participated in five matches in 1953.
Management career
Woodward became player/manager at Horsham before taking charge at Willesden & Kingsbury a post he held to 1971. He later went on to occasionally manager the Maccabi club of London.
Post–football career
He continued to play football throughout the 1960s and regularly turned out for the Ex–Spurs XI while employed by Schweppes and then the British Oxygen Company. Woodward retired in 1988 before settling in Willesden. After a long illness he died in a Cricklewood nursing home on 8 August 2002. | WIKI |
Events
Fall 2013
Big Data All Hands Meeting
Oct. 8, 2013 12:30 pm1:30 pm
Add to Calendar
Speaker:
Mary Wootters (University of Michigan) and Ely Porat (Bar-Ilan University)
Location:
Calvin Lab 2nd Floor Interaction Area
Mary Wootters (University of Michigan)
One-bit Matrix Completion
I'll describe a theory of matrix completion for noisy, one-bit measurements. Instead of observing a few real-valued entrie of a low-rank matrix M (as one does in standard matrix completion), we observe a few coin flips, which come from a distribution parameterized by M. A natural application of this model is rating data, say on Pandora (internet radio). Users' preferences for songs form a low-rank matrix, but we never observe it---we see only "thumbs up" or "thumbs down," and the probability of a "thumbs up" is higher if a user's true preference for a song is higher. I'll show (or at least assert, given time constraints) that under reasonable conditions, one can efficiently fill in the missing ratings and also recover M. This is joint work with Mark Davenport, Yaniv Plan, and Ewout van den Berg.
Ely Porat (Bar-Ilan University)
Orienting Fully Dynamic Graphs of Low Arboricity with Worst-Case Time Bounds
Consider an undirected graph G that has bounded arboricity – which includes all planar and excluded-minor graphs – and is fully dynamic i.e., admits edge insertions and deletions. We devise an algorithm that maintains an orientation of the graph’s edges such that the maximum out-degree is always bounded, and the running time of all update operations is bounded in the worst-case; in contrast, all previous non-trivial results bound the amortized update time. Specifically, our algorithm maintains a maximum out-degree ∆ ≤ infβ>1{β · α(G) + logβ n}, where α(G) is the graph’s arboricity, and n is its number of vertices. Moreover, each update changes the orientation of at most O(∆) edges, and the worst-case running time for insertion and deletion are O(∆2) and O(∆), respectively. In contrast with the previous (amortized) results, the algorithm is not required to know any bound on α(G).
Our results can be used in several dynamic graph problems to obtain worst-case time bounds instead of the current amortized time bounds.
| ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
'Bernie or bust' backers vow to hold Clinton accountable | TheHill
"We’re going to come away from that with all of these incredible Bernie delegates," she said. "We are going to work as best we can to convene regional working groups so they can really begin taking action." Sanders is starting a political organization to help spread the progressive policies that drove his campaign down to state and local campaigns. Delegates were given forms to volunteer during Monday's meeting with Sanders. Solomon said that while Sanders's organization would be "some of the strands ... you can't construct a rope that way, you need the base." Jessa Lewis, Jessica Justice and Joshua Trupin, delegates for Sanders, released a joint statement Thursday pledging to keep moving forward at a grassroots level. "We are committed to expanding voter rights, calling for true accountability and transparency at the DNC [Democratic National Convention], electing progressive candidates at every level across the country and continuing in the spirit of the political revolution sparked by Bernie Sanders," they said. But delegates also aren't shying away from saying they believe their future is ultimately bigger than Sanders. View the discussion thread. The Hill 1625 K Street, NW Suite 900 Washington DC 20006 | 202-628-8500 tel | 202-628-8503 fax The contents of this site are ©2019 Capitol Hill Publishing Corp., a subsidiary of News Communications, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
User:Shirazuddin Siddiqi/sandbox
A nation in mourning, another in paradise: a journey begins; now to new reality, skills and lives; children learning and linking across the Atlantic; developing new primary curriculum among people of many cultures, festivals, relics and histories on a Caribbean shore; a biological corridor teeming with life; rainforest, bush, sinkholes, caves and Cayes. ‘Someone had had a brilliant idea (George thought). Instead of taking the animals to the zoo, they brought the zoo to the animals. This was where they lived. This was Belize; a tiny country on the Western shore of the Caribbean Sea, protected from flooding by a great Barrier Reef and still having a wonderfully preserved habitat for its rich variety of wild animals.’
UNESCO Four Pillars of Learning: live together, to be, know and do couldn’t be better. Learning should be fun and it was FUN! Better Belize it! Primaries in two of six districts to work with, great children and staff but politics at all levels: staff appointments, management bureaucracy and duplication, election fever, fervour and favour, arranging almost anything had become quite novel compared with the old world; mañana! A tarantula companion in the bathroom, scorpion in the groin, raving rooster resolved and all cards at the bank… ‘He waited until the sun rose in a blaze of glory.’
Long and cramped, frequent journeys by Bluebird, always interesting, often funny and sometimes downright dangerous… ‘Tension now erupted into panic. Passengers were screaming. The driver clearly didn’t know what to do and sat hunched over the wheel – aiming’; Bluebird commandeered as personal transport – vista of bush and rainforest; (“Mr Max! Come back here! Dis is where de action is!”) and exploring on foot and bicycle.
A school’s link with Buddy Ambassadors slowly grows, embracing technology for the first time in the early days of email… ‘George the Snail drew himself up to his full, if rather diminutive, height (This is difficult from inside a shell but his neck was extended and his antennae stood up vertically, like tiny knitting needles.) and announced, dramatically “I’m a Travel Buddy!” He sniffed and added, “I may be valuable (Extremely valuable), I may not come cheap but I am not, repeat not, expensive.”
A boy’s death on Children’s Day; another’s lot in family support and a child’s misadventure become very personal (‘Listen to the boy; he’s hungry’); funding for computers a massive challenge; and a huge display by schools celebrating children beside the sea.
‘Who Can Tell’ when to Know with others who See is an awfully big adventure?
Max Grantham (Mr Max) Born, 1939 in Sheffield Vickers apprentice at Brooklands leading to design, patents and Chief Designer of a medium size engineering company before turning to primary education ‘working with live material’. Married 27 years without family, worked with children from assistant Cub Scout Leader to ‘Akela Max’ for 4,000 Devon Cub Scouts and Leaders, retiring in 1997 to volunteer and follow a dream among peoples of, eventually, five developing countries for which Belize was as perfect a start as could be. | WIKI |
Hagerstown Roundhouse Museum
The Hagerstown Roundhouse Museum located at 300 South Burhans Boulevard, Hagerstown, Maryland, USA, has exhibits relating to local railroad history and model railroads.
The Hagerstown Roundhouse Complex was built in 1939. The 25 stall roundhouse and shops were the major facility for maintenance and repairs of locomotives and cars in Western Maryland. The railroads were the largest employers in Washington County for more than 50 years. The Roundhouse facility was demolished on March 13, 1999. | WIKI |
Article
One Community, One World
Send objects between .Net Applications Using .Net Remoting
by Ahmed Rafie on Nov 15 2006 12:00AM
PageViews 14256 | Add to Fav | Send to Friend | Download Code
Description
In this article I will show you how to develop your first .Net Remoting Application, and how to send object between two different applications.
Introduction
If you are developing distributed applications and you want to send object between these applications, such sending customer information from one application to the other. You have to use the remoting framework to be able to send data between the .Net applications.
The Problem
Before we start with the code we have to define the problem we have, suppose you have application called App1 which is a windows application, that is hotel management system application and you have to know the if room number (x) is Free or occupied. And there is another application called App2 running in different computer, and connected to the central database. Now you need to send a request from App1 to App2 to check if the room is occupied.
The Solution
We will use the .Net remoting framework classes to solve this problem, let us look to the following diagram and define each object and its function in the solution.
Figure 1: proposal solution
Here is the solution; App1 is your windows application running in computer X. App2 the other application running in computer Y and connected to the database. Also you will see common assembly which will play an important role in the solution. Common assembly will contain an interface which App2 must implement and used by App1 to know the type of the object it will use. Finally the channel that connects applications and use a specific port.
In This article I will create Server-Activated Object (SAO) if you need more information about SAO refer to my article Overview of .Net Remoting
these are the steps:
1- Create a common assembly that define the interface that your SAO will implement
2- Create a server, register the remote object's type as SingleCall and the endpoint
3- Create a client, create the local proxy object.
1- Create a Common Assembly
A common assembly is necessary to separate the definition of the remotable class from its implementation; you have to crate a class library in visual studio project which will contain a simple interface contains a simple method. Such like this code:
C#
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
namespace Common
{
public class CommonClass
{
public interface IRoomChecker
{
string CheckRoom(int number);
}
}
}
We have here a simple class library which contains a class called CommomClass that contains a public interface IRoomChecker, the CheckRoom is a method that take the room number and return its status. Finally build your common assembly.
2- Create a Server
The server is the application that contains the object which we need to call, in our solution it is App2.
1- Choose an executable assembly, such as Windows application or a consol application in visual studio.
2- After you have a server application, add reference to the System.Runtime.Remoting assembly and your common assembly.
3- Then add this code to import the System.Runtime.Remoting, here in this code I will use TCP channel.
C#
using System.Runtime.Remoting;
using System.Runtime.Remoting.Channels;
using System.Runtime.Remoting.Channels.Tcp;
4- Add code to import your common assembly, if it is called common, enter the following code:
C#
using Common;
5- Add a class for your SAO; this class must inherit from MarshalByRefObject and implement the interface defined in your common assembly. For example:
C#
class MyCalss : MarshalByRefObject, CommonClass.IRoomChecker
{
public string CheckRoom(int number)
{
// Add code that connect to the database
// and retrive the room status.
// i will use simple method implementation just to
// run the application, because connection to database
// is beyond the scope of this article.
string status = String.Empty;
if (number == 100)
{
status = "occupied";
} return (status);
}
}
6- Now you have to add code to establish a channel to transport messages, the following code creates a TCP channel object on port 9000. And then register that channel. Add this code in the Main method of your server's startup object
C#
TcpChannel MyChannel = new TcpChannel(9000);
ChannelServices.RegisterChannel(MyChannel,true);
7- In the Main method, write the code to register the remote object's type and endpoint. Now you have to decide which activation mode you will use SingleCall or Singleton. You can change the type from the third parameter in the constructor .
C#
WellKnownServiceTypeEntry RemObj = new WellKnownServiceTypeEntry(typeof(MyCalss),"RemotingServer/RoomChecker",WellKnownObjectMode.SingleCall); RemotingConfiguration.RegisterWellKnownServiceType(RemObj);
The last code snippet register your Remoting CommonClass object as a SingleCall object that is accessed at the tcp://ServerUrl:9000/ RemotingServer/RoomChecker URI.
3- Create a Client
The client is the application that need to invoke a method in the server, here in our solution is App1.
1- Choose an executable assembly, such as Windows application or a consol application in visual studio.
2- After you have a client application, add reference to the System.Runtime.Remoting assembly and your common assembly.
3- Then add this code to import the System.Runtime.Remoting, here in this code I will use TCP channel.
C#
using System.Runtime.Remoting;
using System.Runtime.Remoting.Channels;
using System.Runtime.Remoting.Channels.Tcp;
4- Add code to import your common assembly, if it is called common, enter the following code:
C#
using Common;
5- Write a code to establish a channel to transport messages
C#
TcpClientChannel ClientChannel = new TcpClientChannel();
ChannelServices.RegisterChannel(ClientChannel,true);
6- Add the code to create the local proxy object, this code using Activator.GetObject() method to create a proxy to a remote object.
C#
CommonClass.IRoomChecker Obj= (CommonClass.IRoomChecker)Activator.GetObject(typeof(CommonClass.IRoomChecker), "tcp://nemo:9000/RemotingServer/RoomChecker");
GetObject method takes two parameters the first one is the Type of the object and the second is the URL of the object, Note that "nemo" is the computer that host the remoting object that App1 will call.
Now you can use the object to execute any method that belongs to the Remoting object, but don't forget to run the server application first before calling the methods.
Conclusion
By this simple way, you can send objects between two different applications created using .Net framework. In .Net framework 3.0 Microsoft introduced a new programming concept for creating distributed applications called windows communication foundation, but you can use WCF to communicate with .Net remoting Applications.
Comments | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Chronicles of pharmacy (Volume 2).djvu/246
age. Knowing as we do on what frivolous evidence women were condemned as witches, it is permissible to be sceptical in regard to the testimony received by the frightened judges when one of these notorious criminals came before them. Nor are the alleged confessions of the women themselves necessarily conclusive. The so-called witches often supplied details of their negotiations with Satan, and of their Sabbatic excursions; and hysterical women in all ages have been addicted to the relation of fictitious narratives circumstantially describing both their vicious and their virtuous exploits. The rapid putrefaction of a corpse was considered to be sufficient evidence that the cause of death had been poison, though it is likely that the poisons then in use would have tended to preserve the body.
was one of the most interesting of the historic poisoners. She was the daughter of the civil lieutenant of Paris, Dreux d'Aubray, and her career as a criminal coincides with the early years of Louis XIV's reign. She is described as elegant, "petite," sweet in her disposition, and modest in her demeanour. According to her own confessions, produced at her trial, sometimes admitted, and sometimes denied by her (and characterised by Michelet as confused and impossible, and probably composed under the influence of fever), she commenced her career of crime at the age of 7 years by incestuous intercourse with her brother. She accused herself also of arson. She married the Marquis de Brinvilliers when she was about 20, and after helping him to dissipate their joint fortune, she obtained an | WIKI |
Firearms debate rages as FL rally coincides with gun show
Firearms debate rages as FL rally coincides with gun show 5:00am GMT - 02:01
Just days after 17 people were killed at a Florida high school, hundreds gathered Saturday in Fort Lauderdale to rally for stronger gun control laws while just 40 miles away, people attended a scheduled gun show. Colette Luke has more.
Just days after 17 people were killed at a Florida high school, hundreds gathered Saturday in Fort Lauderdale to rally for stronger gun control laws while just 40 miles away, people attended a scheduled gun show. Colette Luke has more. //reut.rs/2EM2z5g | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
-- Societe Generale Seeks 2012 Earnings of About $7.3 Billion on CIB, Russia
Societe Generale SA , France’s
second-biggest lender by market value, aims to double profit to
about 6 billion euros ($7.3 billion) in 2012, driven by growth
at the corporate and investment bank and in Russia.
Societe Generale expects net income of between 2.3 billion
euros and 2.8 billion euros at its corporate and investment bank
in 2012, the Paris-based lender said today. The bank forecasts
that Russia will be the largest contributor to international
retail earnings in 2015.
Chief Executive Officer Frederic Oudea , who took over two
years ago after a record trading loss shook the bank, told
journalists in Paris today that earnings will rise in 2010,
while the effects of the financial crisis will linger. The CEO
until now has cut risks and reinforced controls to boost profit
at the investment-banking unit.
”2010 is going to be a year of rebound, but there will
still be an impact from the crisis,” Oudea, 46, told reporters
before making a presentation to investors.
Societe Generale rose 1.36 euros, or 3.9 percent, to 36.40
euros in Paris trading, outpacing the 1.5 percent increase in
the Bloomberg Europe Banks and Financial Services Index . The
stock has declined 26 percent this year amid concern that
Greece’s budget woes will spread to other debt-ridden euro-
region countries and threaten an economic recovery.
Default Scenarios
Oudea said that Societe Generale is less exposed than some
competitors to a possible slowdown in economic growth related to
sovereign-debt concerns, and added he doesn’t “believe at all
in scenarios of default of this or that country in Europe.”
The bonds of euro nations including Greece, Ireland and
Spain fell relative to benchmark German bunds today after
Greece’s credit rating was cut to junk by Moody’s Investors
Service.
Societe Generale said last month it had about 13 billion
euros at risk with five governments including Greece and Spain
at the end of 2009 and that it hasn’t “dramatically” changed
since then. The other countries included in the figure are
Ireland, Portugal and Italy, the bank said May 5, declining to
break down the figures by country.
Oudea said today the bank has “moderate” holdings of
government debt in this group of European countries.
Risky Assets
The French bank plans a capital increase of 340 million
euros at its Geniki SA unit in Greece by the end of this year as
the situation at the division is “worsening in 2010 due to the
crisis,” Jean-Louis Mattei , head of the lender’s international-
banking business, said today at the presentation.
Societe Generale expects net income to improve this year as
it cuts losses from 37 billion euros of risky assets, and the
company may seek partnerships to help maintain its independence,
Oudea said last month. The bank said today earnings in the
second quarter are in line with its current full-year target .
Societe Generale has forecast 2010 profit of 3 billion euros.
Second-quarter activity in equities has been mixed, the French
lender said, hurt by reduced risk appetite. The bank confirmed
that risky assets will generate losses of between 700 million
euros and 1 billion euros this year.
Societe Generale doesn’t expect a “big hit” from the
risky assets in the second quarter, Chief Financial Officer
Didier Valet said today at the presentation.
‘Natural Reduction’
Those assets will fall 60 percent to 14 billion euros by
2015 by “natural reduction,” Michel Peretie , head of the
corporate and investment bank, told investors. “It will no
longer be a source of concern,” he said, adding that the assets
are “correctly marked.”
Societe Generale said today the risky-assets portfolio “at
maturity” may generate 1.5 billion euros of pretax gains,
according to an independent valuation by BlackRock Solutions.
Societe Generale caught investors off guard twice in the
past four quarters by saying before a planned earnings
announcement that it would have only a “slight” profit.
Last month, it posted 1.06 billion euros in first-quarter
net income , beating analysts’ estimates, on a rebound at its
corporate and investment-banking unit.
The corporate- and investment-banking unit ’s profit totaled
541 million euros in the first quarter, compared with a 171
million-euro loss a year earlier, the bank said May 5. Revenue
at the division rose 74 percent to 2.14 billion euros in the
first quarter. The bank has said that it expects the unit will
have about 8 billion euros of revenue this year.
The French lender forecasts 9.5 billion euros of revenue at
the division by 2012, Deputy CEO Severin Cabannes said today.
Asset Sales
The bank may consider asset sales to fund future
acquisitions, Oudea said. The CEO didn’t name potential
businesses for sale. Societe Generale last year raised 4.8
billion euros to help repay 3.4 billion euros of state funds,
bolster capital and make acquisitions in retail and private
banking.
Since the capital increase, the company expanded its French
retail networks. In December it agreed to pay 676 million euros
to Dexia SA to take full control of Credit du Nord and Societe
Generale yesterday said it’s in talks with BPCE SA to buy
Societe Marseillaise de Credit for 872 million euros.
The lender may also look at “reasonably sized” takeovers
in private banking, Deputy CEO Cabannes said. Societe Generale’s
private bank has about 80 billion euros under management and
expects that to reach 140 billion euros by 2015, he said.
To contact the reporters responsible for this story:
Fabio Benedetti-Valentini in Paris at
fabiobv@bloomberg.net .
Societe Generale chairman and CEO Frederic Oudea speaks at a news conference in Paris. Photographer: Antoine Antoniol/Bloomberg
June 15 (Bloomberg) -- Bloomberg's Scarlet Fu reports on major newsmakers in today's Movers & Shakers. (Source: Bloomberg)
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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 56 Part 1.djvu/187
56 STAT.] 77TH CONG. , 2D SESS.-CH. 178-MAR. 10, 1942 of August 4, 1886 (31 U. S . C . 176), shall be credited when received to the appropriation for such Bureau for the fiscal year 1943. SECRET SERVICE DIVISION Salaries: For the Chief of the Division and other personal services in the District of Columbia, $70,793. Printing and binding: For printing and binding for the Secret Service Division, $4,000. Suppressing counterfeiting and other crimes: For salaries and other expenses under the authority or with the approval of the Secre- tary of the Treasury in detecting, arresting, and delivering into the custody of the United States marshal or other officer having juris- diction, dealers and pretended dealers in counterfeit money, persons engaged in counterfeiting, forging, and altering United States notes, bonds, national-bank notes', Federal Reserve notes, Federal Reserve bank notes, and other obligations and securities of the United States and of foreign governments (including endorsements thereon and assignments thereof), as well as the coins of the United States and of foreign governments, and persons committing other crimes against the laws of the United States relating to the Treasury Department and the several branches of the public service under its control; purchase (not to exceed thirty-five), exchange, hire, maintenance, repair, and operation of motor-propelled passenger-carrying vehicles when necessary; purchase of arms and ammunition; stationery (not to exceed $7,500); traveling expenses; transfer of household goods and effects as provided by the Act of October 10, 1940, and regula- tions promulgated thereunder; and for no other purpose whatsoever, except in the performance of other duties specifically authorized by law, and in the protection of the person of the President and the members' of his immediate family and of the person chosen to be President of the United States, $1,075,470: Provided, That of the amount herein appropriated not to exceed $15,000 may be expended in the discretion of the Secretary of the Treasury for the purpose of securing information concerning violations of the laws relating to the Treasury Department, and for services or information looking toward the apprehension of criminals. White House Police: For one captain, one inspector, four lieu- tenants, six sergeants, and one hundred and twenty-eight privates, at rates of pay provided by law; in all, $344,000, notwithstanding the provisions of the Act of April 22,1940 (3 U. S. C. 62). For uniforming and equipping the White House Police, including the purchase, issue, and repair of revolvers, and the purchase and issue of ammunition and miscellaneous supplies, to be procured in such manner as the President in his discretion may determine, $10,400. BUREAU OF THE MINT Salaries and expenses, Office of the Director: For personal services in the District of Columbia and for assay laboratory chemicals, fuel, materials, balances, weights, stationery (not to exceed $700), books, periodicals, specimens of coins, ores, and travel and other expenses incident to the examination of mints, visiting mints for the purpose of superintending the annual settlement, and for the collection of statistics relative to the annual production and consumption of the precious metals in the United States, $143,470. Printing and binding: For printing and binding for the Bureau of the Mint, $6,300. Post, p. 720. Post, p. 720. 54 Stat. 1105. 5U.S. C. §73c-1. Protection of the President, etc. Proviso. Information con- cerning law violations; 54 Stat. 156 . 159 24 Stat. 227.
� | WIKI |
Patient Education Portal
Although medical therapy is important, long-term diabetes control also depends on the choices patients make about diet, physical activity, and other health-related behavior. These choices are based on patients’ knowledge about their disease, their ability to monitor it, and their motivation to self-management behavior; hence the importance of diabetes education.
The primary sources of diabetes education are family physicians and diabetes education centers. Most family physicians don’t have sufficient time to educate their patients, and diabetes education centers provide one to three day courses; in Canada as an example only 30% of patients attend these courses. The delay in receiving appropriate education can have a serious impact on the long-term health of people with diabetes.
In addition, the current diabetes education system has not embraced internet technologies or new education delivery tools that could increase the efficiency of the diabetes educational program, and has tended to focus on the disease rather than management. Cloud based interactive multimedia technology can be used to augment current diabetes education methods. A number of research studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of interactive multimedia diabetes education tools as an initial education following diagnoses and as continuous education for patients and their families.
The Virtual Diabetes Center's Patient Education Portal provides unique functions such as video search, and knowledge testing. The portal is a customizable cloud based application that could be installed on a local server as an Intranet application or hosted on an external server as an Internet application. The user interface can be configured to reflect your organization’s brand and to emphasize your education and communication priorities. We also provide services to install the application on our server and assist in developing course content and system management. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:Mr113 1/sandbox
= Rabindranath Tagore's Educational Philosophy =
Overview
The ideas of Tagore regarding Education are largely influenced by post-colonial attitudes towards liberation, witnessing the unprecedented change occurring in his native India, as well as globally.
A firm believer that main means for effective & sustained change is education, therefore made it very important for himself to consider its nature and form; ultimately leading to himself taking on new experimental practices, see Visva-Bharati.
The childhood experience of Tagore should also be considered as a major influence of his teaching philosophy; the atmosphere of liberalism and artistic freedom of his home allowed him to discover how learning should encompass both joy and freedom.
Approach to Childhood Education
A core fundamental idea of Tagore's Approach to Childhood Education is that in which how the child is perceived; Tagore argues the child should not be viewed to be an "an unfinished adult" but rather their owned individual being, disassociated from adults.
Tagore makes a strong point that the teaching of children should play into their natural strengths and behaviour of curioisty & wonder, citing that children lean "unconsciously."
Our purpose wants to occupy all the mind’s attention for itself, obstructing the full view of most of the things around us (…) The child, because it has no conscious object of life beyond living, can see all things around it, can hear every sound with a perfect freedom of attention, not having to exercise choice in the collection of information.”
Tagore referred to this approach of teaching as the "method of nature"; Tagore argued this approach or "method" enables children to learn the most complicated of matters such as languages quicker, faster and more enjoyably than the "focused methods" used by adults. The "method of nature" prioritises experimenting & experiencing as opposed to explaining and traditional studying methods - experiencing the world first hand is superior to books. Tagore also adds that the "method of nature" combines with children's natural wonder & curiosity to super-develop their creativity.
In order to portray his argument to the educators, Tagore used the analogy of "It is like forcing upon the flower the mission of the fruit. The flower has to wait for its chances. It has to keep its heart open to the sunlight and to the breeze, to wait its opportunity for some insect to come seeking honey. The flower lives in a world of surprises, but the fruit must close its heart in order to ripen its seed. It must take a different course altogether. For the flower the chance coming of an insect is a great event, but for the fruit its intrusion means an injury."
In order for the "method of nature" to be successful, children must first be given freedom, this is key as Tagore believes the "method" will be unsuccessful if they are limited by constraints created by adults. In this definition of freedom, the inclusion of "mischief" is key as Tagore believes it is a sign of a child's expression of curiosity and learning from this is key for growth. The opposite of this, a child not having enough freedom and being harshly discipline, can be devastating and in turn have demoralising effects of the child. The only occasions in which Tagore argues punishments is only acceptable if it is imposed by nature; for example, a child falling from a tree, as a subsequent punishment for climbing a tree too high, as this is an opportunity for the child to learn and grow. He referred to this as the "freedom cure"
Criticism of existing Educational Institutions
"Siksar Herpher" ("Our Education and its Incongruities") written by Tagore in 1892, was, according to Prabhat Kumar Mukhopadhyay, was the first thorough criticism of the national education system in India. Throughout the text, Tagore often described the schools of his time as prisons; using the metaphor of "Parrot's Training" Tagore compares the imprisoning nature of schools to that of the training of a Parrot, which like school kills the natural impulses of the parrot through mindless discipline.
This satirical comparison highlights the main focal points of the education system at the time; an emphasis on the school building, the textbooks and the authorities, the child and their needs (and the "method of nature") are neglected. Instead, Tagore believes schools and education is conducted in a way similar to that of "robot-producing factories" with the purpose of destroying individuality and true learning; the vast importance on exams, hampers what Tagore saw as "real maturity" .The production of mass educated robots or marionettes encumbers students’ development of their own goals and self-respect and only aspires for worldly success instead of perfection and self-liberation, which makes it easy for the colonial rulers to employ them for their purposes.
Tagore took particular objection to that of colonial schools for educating children on matters unrelated to that of the students regional, historical and lingual context.
"And for that they must be trained, not to be soldiers, not to be clerks in a bank, not to be merchants, but to be the makers of their won world and their own destiny. And for that they must have all their faculties fully developed in the atmosphere of freedom"
A Boarding School in Nature
Tagore believed that the ideal school must be amidst nature, in like with his "method of nature", in Santiniketan lessons mostly took place outside amongst the shade of the trees. Tagore recognises that this is not possible in all climates, and as such he suggests schools in not particularly warm climates that at least one school day should be spent completely outside - not counting sports, games and field trips. Another ideal factor for Tagore, was boarding as due to their distance from cities, it allows children to move more freely with nature.
Tagore also made a point regarding simplicity and protection of a "Boarding School in Nature", protection from the overburdening stimuli of the emerging world at the time; distraction such as 'false' entertainment, ready-made products and materialism - as well as narrow aspirations outlined by parents. A theme throughout many of Tagore's works, is that of his cherishing of self-chosen simplicity; Tagore believes an excess of material goods can restrict the direct experience with the world, inflate ego and thus harm true maturing.
When Tagore spoke about protection from parents narrow aspirations, Tagore meant parents should be mindful not to confer their own personal desires on to that of the children, as unlike the parents which their desires consist mainly of material and purposeful; children possess a lot more simpler needs for their responsibilities are fewer.
Self Disciplining & Governing
Though Tagore disagreed with punishment, he did place a heavy influence on discipline, mainly that of self discipline. During the early years of his Santiniketan school - Brahmacharyashram, Tagore believed that is crucial to to aide and guide children into being self-disciplined, because “cruel slavery, in which to drill the child mind (…) is demoralizing and because perfect obedience comes at the cost of individual responsibility and initiative of mind.”
A firm believer in that a students respectfulness grows when they are free and treated with patience, sympathy and respect themselves, in line with the value of mutual respect, Tagore encouraged his students to voice their own opinions and think critically.
Gurus or Teachers
Tagore found it difficult to find the right teachers for his schools. He was looking for Gurus instead of conventional teachers. The term guru means teacher, yet in the context of spiritual knowledge and practices and is connected to the ancient tradition of brahmacaryashrams and tapovans.
This was as Tagore found Gurus, to be "active in their efforts to achieve the fullness of humanity" Tagore writes, the difference between a good teacher and bad one, is thay a good teacher activates a child's mind instead of aiding them to assimilate and collect information, as well as inspiring children through their own self development; by encouraging their own original projects - thus the teachers role must be to merely be a passenger on a child's journey of knowledge-as such this made gurus ideal.
"(A) teacher can never truly teach unless he is still learning himself. A lamp can never light another lamp unless it continues to burn its own flame.”
Tagore also adds that the teachers would be held to higher standard in his native, Bengal due to the title of "guru".
Tagore also further adds that the openness of the guru would allow for their own education yo improve as a result of being able to understand child psychology better.
Generally, Tagore argues that education “is not a matter of ‘teaching’, of methodology or of ‘educational equipment' but depends on the personality of the teacher and the relationship to the student.
He said to one of the "gurus" at his school:
“Do not be preoccupied with method. Leave your instincts to guide you to life. Children differ from one another. One must learn to know them, to navigate among them as one navigates among reefs. To explore the geography of their minds, a mysterious instinct, sympathetic to life, is the best of all guides.”.
At a higher education level, Tagore tried to find lecturers that expressed the same qualities of the "gurus" at the Santiniketan and who “are wholeheartedly and with all their energy engaged in the processes of research, invention and creation.” | WIKI |
User:Aurovarat
Hello! Myself Auro thanks for visiting my page,professionally I am a student of 8th grade but I am athlete of Tye-Kwon-Do and badminton......... | WIKI |
Learning To Shed The Kilos Away With Science Based Six Pack
Written by editor on October 19, 2017 Categories: Health and Fitness Tags: ,
For the greater part of human history we have been unable to do things that we currently take for granted. Early in our history, quality food was much more difficult to find as it was less readily available. Today's modern era of agriculture and food production makes it easily possible for people today to live sedentary lives and tend to over consume these readily foods. This lifestyle often results in being overweight.
With the advent of technology and science has also come the study of the human body and how it works, gaining insight into how to optimize the performance of our bodies. With precise action taken for consumption and exercise, it can be very easy to reduce body fat and even gain the most sought after of physical traits for men; a science based six pack.
With the right workout you can acquire a science based six pack, a step by step process created by Thomas DeLauer. The first step is a bit controversial; intermittent fasting. There are many myths surrounding this practice, one of which being that you will loose a great deal of your muscle mass during this process. This, however, is not the case. Science has shown us that intermittent fasting actually corrects your metabolism, causing it to actually increase your metabolism and muscle mass.
With intermittent fasting, a science based six pack is yours for the taking. When you are in the “fed state” your body is in the process of digesting and absorbing nutrients from food and thus its ability to burn fat is significantly reduced due to increased insulin levels. There are several things about the science based six pack abs routine that set it apart from other intermittent fasting regimens. This plan includes a specially formulated workout plan that is designed to help you shed pounds and build muscle.
More often than not guides forget to include one of the most fundamental portions of the intermittent fasting routine: proper fasting. This regimen includes detailed and very specific instructions on how to break your fast properly and optimize nutritional intake. Visit sciencebased6pack.com to learn about the two advance plan sets, one for a standard speed of weight loss and another for a faster track.
Comments Off on Learning To Shed The Kilos Away With Science Based Six Pack | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
I Cross My Heart
"I Cross My Heart" is a song written by Steve Dorff and Eric Kaz, and recorded by American country music artist George Strait. It was released in September 1992 as the first single to his album Pure Country, which is also the soundtrack to the movie of the same title. It reached number-one in both the United States and Canada. The song is featured as the movie's finale.
Music video
The music video was directed by Charley Randazzo and consists entirely of scenes from the film. Strait's next music video "Heartland" also exclusively used scenes from Pure Country. These two videos were released consecutively, as were the singles.
Critical reception
"I Cross My Heart" is widely regarded as one of Strait's best songs. Billboard and American Songwriter ranked the song number five and number four, respectively, on their lists of the 10 greatest George Strait songs.
Chart positions
"I Cross My Heart" debuted at number 58 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of October 3, 1992 and peaked at number one on December 5, 1992. Since it became available for digital download, the song has sold 992,000 digital copies in the United States as of January 2015. | WIKI |
Magdalena Zděnovcová
Magdalena Zděnovcová (born 17 May 1978) is a former Czech tennis player.
Zděnovcová, who won a total of eleven ITF tournaments in her career, reached a singles ranking high of world No. 195 in September 2003. | WIKI |
Bon-Ton's Comps Dip, Cuts Outlook - Analyst Blog
Bon-Ton Stores Inc. ( BONT ), a department store chain, reported sluggish same-store sales results for the crucial holiday season and induced the company to trim its outlook for the fourth quarter of 2011. Comps went down 0.7% in the five-week period ended December 31, 2011 compared with a dip of 0.1% in the year-ago period. However, on a year-to-date basis, same-store sales declined 2.8% in December last year.
Total sales slipped 1.1% to $505.2 million during the five-week period ended December 31, 2011 from $510.8 million in the comparable period ended December, 2010. Further, on a year-to-date basis, total sales dropped 3.2% to $2,710.3 million, compared with $2,800.4 million in the prior-year period.
Comparable sales were primarily hurt by weak sales in cold-weather categories arising from the mild weather conditions in December.
Apart from the cold weather category, which accounted for 25% of total December sales, other categories including ladies' and men's apparel, handbags and shoes also lagged considerably.
However, the company witnessed strong upside in categories like hard home, cosmetics, fine jewelry, children's and better apparel. Additionally, Bon-Ton is recording significant sales gains in eCommerce and considers it to be a significant growth driver. Moreover, the company's various efforts such as market share expansion of updated merchandise, and pilot store renovations are expected to drive sales further. The company also slashed prices to clear the old stock and ensure fresh inventory for the customers.
Same-store sales at Bon-Ton's peer company, Kohl's Corporation ( KSS ) also fell 0.1% for the month of December, but on the other hand, same-store sales of another competitor Saks Inc. ( SKS ) went up 5.8% for the month of December.
For the upcoming fourth quarter of 2011, the company slashed its EBITDA forecast to $170 million - $175 million from the previous range of $190 million - $210 million and earnings per share guidance to a loss of $1.30 per share to $1.00 per share from the earlier projection of a loss of 65 cents to a gain of 25 cents. It also expects cash in the range of $5 million to $10 million, down from its previous estimate of $25 million to $40 million.
Bon-Ton continues to make efforts to drive traffic and improve margins by controlling cost and closing underperforming stores. The company plans to close 5 stores, out of which 4 will shut down in 2012 and one in 2014. The company also foresees growth opportunities driven by renovation of 17 stores completed in the previous quarter and 2 new stores opened in the reported quarter. However, Bon-Ton continues to face cost inflation due to higher cotton prices and wages of Chinese labor and expects commodity pressure to persist till mid 2012. Moreover, with lower consumer spending due to tough economic environment, we believe the possibility of positive comps in the near term seems bleak.
We reiterate our long-term Neutral recommendation on Bon-Ton.
BON-TON STORES ( BONT ): Free Stock Analysis Report
KOHLS CORP ( KSS ): Free Stock Analysis Report
SAKS INC ( SKS ): Free Stock Analysis Report
To read this article on Zacks.com click here.
Zacks Investment Research
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Category:Jo Jo Zep & The Falcons members
Members of the Australian blues rock band Jo Jo Zep & The Falcons. | WIKI |
Template:IRC NQNS link/doc
is a template for Internet Relay Chat articles that provides a search link to netsplit.de to allow for IRC network information queries.
Mnemonic
IRC Network Query NetSplit.de link
Usage
This template accepts two arguments. The first argument is required and is the name of the IRC network. The second argument is optional and if provided will be used as the link text. If a second argument is not provided, the first argument will be used for the link text.
Examples
The following are examples of how the IRC NQNS link template is used (using EFnet as an example):
TemplateData
{ "params": { "1": { "label": "IRC network name", "description": "The network name as shown by netsplit.de, used to create the URL in the form of https://netsplit.de/networks/ /", "example": "DALnet", "type": "string", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "Link text", "description": "The linked text to be shown, if empty the network name will be used", "example": "5,000 average users", "type": "string" } }, "description": "Produces link to IRC stats provided by netsplit.de for any user-specified text", "format": "inline" } | WIKI |
Why is Bipolar Disorder Difficult to Diagnose?
Bipolar Disorder Type II is especially difficult to accurately diagnose due to difficulty differentiating it from recurrent unipolar depression (recurrent depressive episodes). Learn more about why it can be so difficult.
Why is Bipolar Disorder Difficult to Diagnose?
Bipolar disorder type II is especially difficult to accurately diagnose due to the difficulty in differentiating it from recurrent unipolar depression (recurrent depressive episodes) in depressed patients.
Bipolar disorder
is a costly and disabling disease, and patients with this condition may be misdiagnosed with another condition at their initial presentation. The main challenges to an accurate diagnosis include difficulties in differentiating bipolar depression from unipolar depression, the significant heterogeneity between different patients with bipolar disorder, and the high comorbidity of bipolar disorder with substance use and other psychiatric diagnoses. According to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), doctors and clinicians should be aware of the difficulty in diagnosing a patient with bipolar disorder.
Bipolar patients often have other diseases or comorbidities, such as generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), eating disorder, or substance abuse. These other disorders may occur more prominently than a manic episode and divert attention from the root cause. In addition, bipolar disorder may have several symptoms in common with schizophrenia, but there are very clear differences between the two. Andrew Cutler, medical director of Meridien Research, has studied the causes of bipolar disorder and many of the comorbid diseases and disorders associated with it.
He believes in lengthy evaluations to correctly diagnose a patient, and that gathering specific details about patients' psychosocial history allows for a more comprehensive view of their health. Diagnosis and treatment are essential for patients with bipolar disorder, because of the adverse effects that mood episodes can cause. Cutler believes that patients should undergo management of the disease state, finding and adhering to appropriate treatments, which can slow or stop the progression of brain damage. Research suggests that bipolar disorder has the same frequency in teens as it does in adults.
According to the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, an early-onset bipolar diagnosis for adolescent and prepubertal children is very difficult, due to their age and symptoms. Usually discarded as typical adolescent behavior, bipolar children have dramatic and unpredictable mood cycles; however, unlike adults, their mood swings are more frequent. Andrew Cutler is currently involved in multiple studies on bipolar disorder in adults and adolescents. Each study has different objectives and timelines.
Meridien Research is dedicated to helping patients with bipolar disorder. Our studies focus on the latest research-supported therapies and the goal is to work with pharmaceutical companies to find interventions that regulate brain function. Someone can seek mental health support while in the midst of a depressive episode, which can lead to a diagnosis of depression, rather than bipolar disorder. People with bipolar disorder are more likely to seek help when they are depressed than when they are manic.
As a result, up to two-thirds of people with bipolar disorder are initially misdiagnosed with major depression. It can take 5 to 10 years to receive a diagnosis of bipolar disorder. In addition to scales, research has found that observed symptoms are useful tools when evaluating a patient's bipolarity. Bipolar disorder is a complex mental health condition that involves moods that change between mania and depression.
Economically, misdiagnosis of bipolar disease has been reported to result not only in higher treatment costs, but also in lost workdays and productivity for these patients. MDQ has been found to have good sensitivity (about 70%) and very good specificity (about 90%) for diagnosing bipolar disorder. Another factor has to do with bipolar disorder sharing some symptoms with other diseases, such as borderline personality disorder, a condition characterized by impulsive behavior and problems related to other people. Sometimes, the symptoms of bipolar disorder can contribute to the time it takes to be diagnosed.
Previous Zimmerman studies suggested that bipolar disorder is often diagnosed in people who do not have the condition. Several manic symptoms of bipolar disorder and ADHD resemble each other, often leading to misdiagnoses. The controversy surrounding the diagnosis of bipolar disorder became evident in the 1950s when Congress refused to recognize manic depression as a legitimate illness. Most people living with bipolar disorder experience manic episodes (high) and depressive episodes (low).
If you or a loved one is living with bipolar disorder, feel free to contact our team at 941-756-8680 today.
Cassandra Laudat
Cassandra Laudat
Friendly zombie enthusiast. Subtly charming pop culture trailblazer. Professional zombie buff. Amateur social media evangelist. Friendly food fan. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
noncontent
Noun
* 1) Someone who gives a negative or opposing vote in the House of Lords.
Adjective
* 1) Not content; not in agreement.
Noun
* 1) Something that is not classed as, or distinguished from, content. | WIKI |
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