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Is stress causing your cold sores?
Stress is a common trigger
Dr. Jen Tan
Immune System Expert
@AVogelUK
Ask Dr. Jen Tan
18 August 2017
Cold sore triggers
The annoying thing about cold sores is that the virus that causes them never really goes away – it just lies dormant in your nerves cells, and as soon as it is activated it travels along your nerves to your skin, where it causes nasty sores.
There are a few triggers that can cause this activation, and one of the most common ones is stress. So why can stress cause cold sores, and what can you do about it?
What happens to the body when you get stressed?
Stress actually causes a lot more damage to your body than you might think! When we’re stressed, our primal ‘fight or flight’ response is triggered, which causes our bodies to divert all their attention away from long-term survival and towards short term survival – so towards things like the muscles, heart and brain. In the past, this would help us run away from predators or fight off attackers, but these days this response is often triggered when no such danger is present.
As a result, long-term survival mechanisms like the immune system, digestive system and reproductive system get abandoned. As a one off this doesn’t cause too much damage, but if you lead a busy, stressful life where this fight or flight response kicks in regularly throughout the day, this can have a negative impact on these systems.
In addition to this, hormones like adrenaline and cortisol are released when you’re stressed, which can strip various vitamins and minerals from the body, which then has knock-on effects on your overall nutrition.
Stress is also notorious for affecting sleep – both for physical and mental reasons. Adrenaline and cortisol will keep the body awake, while worries will stop the mind from relaxing and drifting off into sleep. During sleep our bodies are busy recovering from the day and repairing damage, so if you’re not getting enough you’ll see lots of negative effects on everything from skin to liver function.
So how does stress cause cold sores?
This weakened immune system, poor digestion, nutrient deficiencies and lack of sleep all contribute towards a body that is generally run down and vulnerable.
Since cold sores are caused by a virus, a weakened immune system is an open door for the virus to activate and produce sores. The lack of immune cells, or simply their inactivity, will mean that your immune system will find it harder to get the virus under control again.
One of the minerals that stress will strip from the body is zinc, which is vital both for the immune system as a whole, but also specifically for wound healing. This means that low zinc levels will cause your cold sore to take much longer to heal.
As I mentioned, stress also affects the digestive system, which has a knock on effect on the immune system too. Did you know that 70% of your immune cells are located in the gut? Poor digestive health therefore not only causes poor absorption of nutrients, but it can also damage your immune cells.
What can you do about stress?
If you’re getting recurring cold sores this is probably an indication that you are a bit run down, stressed and working too hard. It can be a good reminder to look after yourself!
Tackle stress at the root
You firstly need to figure out what’s causing you so much stress – is it young children, a stressful job, an unpleasant commute, exams, or financial problems?
Find some ways to reduce whatever problem is causing you stress. Ask friends or family for some help with children, speak to your managers/team about your workload, or consider moving jobs altogether! Taking some time to fill out planners and to-do lists can be a great way to get your mind organised and keep on top of things.
Some people find that they are just generally stressful people, who find it difficult to relax and cope with minor stressors. This can make finding one source quite difficult.
Helpful herbs
Stress-relieving herbs help to provide extra support as you work through your stress. They are particularly useful when there isn’t much you can do to reduce stressors – such as during exam time – or if you are a generally on-edge person who is easily stressed out by even minor things.
Try our own AvenaCalm which contains avena sativa or the slightly stronger Stress Relief Daytime which contains both valerian and hops.
Look after yourself!
You should take some steps to support your body through stressful times! Eating well, getting some exercise and taking plenty of time to rest are good places to start.
Diet: Make sure to eat well – lots of fresh fruit and vegetables, as well as lean protein, fibre and complex carbohydrates like brown rice, quinoa, and starchy vegetables like potatoes. A probiotic and prebiotic combination can help to support gut health, helping you to break down your food and absorb all those vital nutrients. Remember that some foods can trigger cold sore outbreaks, even healthy ones! Avoid arginine-rich foods like grain cereals, seeds, nuts, peas, chocolate, fizzy drinks and beer.
Exercise: Getting some form of exercise each day will help to burn off excess adrenaline and cortisol, and will help to release happy hormones! It also boost circulation and heart function, helping to circulate immune cells around the body.
Relaxation: It can be difficult to squeeze into a busy lifestyle, but try to set aside some time for quiet relaxation. Watching TV doesn’t really count as this can actually be incredibly stimulating and can even trigger very low-level stress. Try taking a bath, doing something creative like painting, or practising mindfulness or meditation. Eating dinner at the table instead of in front of your TV is not only good for digestion, but being able to talk to your partner, flatmate or family with no distractions can also be very calming.
Immune boosters: Brightly coloured fruits and vegetables contain vital vitamins and minerals that your immune system needs. You can also try taking Echinacea, which supports the immune system,helping it to fight off invaders.
What to do if a cold sore does strike
If a cold sore has already appeared, then treat it as quickly as possible! Our Bio-Propolis helps to soothe the cold sore and keep it protected from bacteria so it can heal as quickly as possible.
For some more tips, find out how to get rid of cold sores fast!
Bio Propolis - Lip Care Ointment
Lip care ointment containing propolis.
More info
What's being asked
Can someone give another person a cold sore when they have never had one before?
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I have a cold sore on my nose, and inside of the nostrils. Had this before? How do I get them and why?
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PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Saha, Saswati AU - Spinelli, Lionel AU - Castro-Mondragon, Jaime A AU - Kervadec, Anaïs AU - Kremmer, Laurent AU - Roder, Laurence AU - Sallouha, Krifa AU - Torres, Magali AU - Brun, Christine AU - Vogler, Georg AU - Bodmer, Rolf AU - Colas, Alexandre R. AU - Ocorr, Karen AU - Perrin, Laurent TI - Genetic architecture of natural variations of cardiac performance in flies AID - 10.1101/2021.06.08.447524 DP - 2021 Jan 01 TA - bioRxiv PG - 2021.06.08.447524 4099 - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2021/06/08/2021.06.08.447524.short 4100 - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2021/06/08/2021.06.08.447524.full AB - Background Deciphering the genetic architecture of cardiac disorders is of fundamental importance but their underlying complexity is a major hurdle. Drosophila has gained importance as a useful model to study heart development and function and allows the analysis of organismal traits in a physiologically relevant and accessible system. Our aim was to (i) identify in flies the loci associated to natural variations of cardiac performances among a natural population, (ii) decipher how these variants interact with each other and with the environment to impact cardiac traits, (iii) gain insights about the molecular and cellular processes affected, (iv) determine whether the genetic architecture of cardiac disorders is conserved with humans.Methods and Results We investigated the genetic architecture of natural variations of cardiac performance in the sequenced inbred lines of the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP). Genome Wide Associations (GWA) for single markers and epistatic interactions identified genetic networks associated with natural variations of cardiac traits that were extensively validated in vivo. Non-coding variants were used to map potential regulatory non-coding regions which in turn were employed to predict Transcription Factors (TFs) binding sites. Cognate TFs, many of which themselves bear polymorphisms associated with variations of cardiac performance, were validated by heart specific knockdown. We also analyzed natural variations of cardiac traits variance that revealed unique features of their micro-environmental plasticity. More importantly, correlations between genes associated with cardiac phenotypes both in flies and in humans support the conserved genetic architecture of cardiac functioning from arthropods to mammals. The characteristics of natural variations in cardiac function established in Drosophila may thus guide the analysis of cardiac disorders in humans. Using human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes, we indeed characterized a conserved function for PAX9 and EGR2 in the regulation of the cardiac rhythmConclusion In-depth analysis of the genetic architecture of natural variations of cardiac performance in flies combined with functional validations in vivo and in human iPSC-CM represents a major achievement in understanding the mechanisms underlying the genetic architecture of these complex traits and a valuable resource for the identification of genes and mechanisms involved in cardiac disorders in humans.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
UROP Project
Biomimicry of the adhesive organs of stick insects
Contact
Name
Daniel Holder
Program Director UROP
Telephone
workPhone
+49 241 80-90695
E-Mail
Key Info
Basic Information
Project Offer-Number:
372
Category:
RWTH UROP
Field:
Biology
Faculty:
1
Organisation unit:
Institute for Biology II
Language Skills:
- English, (German)
Computer Skills:
- Experience in Exel is desirable
MoveOn
Adhesive organs enable insects to cling to various substrates even during rapid locomotion. In this process a very fast but reliable change of adhesion and detachment is realised. To reveal the detailed underlying mechanisms of this impressive performance we analyse at our institute the fibrous ultrastructure, the physical properties, the adhesion force and the detachment process of the adhesive organs of the stick insect Carausius morosus. Based on these data we attempt to fabricate a fibre reinforced artificial adhesion organ, which develops high adhesion forces to substrates of different roughness and which can easily be detached if desired. In the UROP RWTH project we will continue the analysis of the morphology and the adhesion of the adhesion organs of stick insects and perhaps we will start to copy the adhesion organ technically. For the morphological analysis we will use SEM (scanning electron microscopy) to get detailed insights into the branching of the fibres in the arolium. For the analyses of the adhesion force, measurements on stick insects will be carried out. These analyses will be carried out with a vertical and a horizontal centrifugation assay using polishing papers of different roughness as substrates. In order to find appropriate adhesion materials for the construction of an artificial adhesion organ we will measure the adhesive force of very flexible hydrocolloids (gels made out of special polysaccharides and water) on epoxy resin replicas of different roughness. To produce suitable fibres for the fibre-reinforced material we momentary elaborate an electrospinning set-up at our institute. Electrospinning is a method for the generation of ultra thin (< 1 µm) fibres. With this set-up we plan to spin three dimensional networks of parallel oriented fibres. The interspaces between these fibres shall be filled with the adhesion material. If you are specially interested in a Finite Element Modulation of the fibrous inner structure of the adhesion organ of stick insects contact us, too.
Task
- Measurement of the adhesion force of stick insects - Measurement of the adhesion force of artificial adhesion materials - Cutting of semi thin cross sections for SEM analysis
Requirements
- Handling of insects is essential - Experience in SEM and handling of a microtome is desirable but not essential | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Linux and UNIX Man Pages
Linux & Unix Commands - Search Man Pages
SunOS 5.10 - man page for wchar (sunos section 3head)
wchar.h(3HEAD) Headers wchar.h(3HEAD)
NAME
wchar.h, wchar - wide-character handling
SYNOPSIS
#include <wchar.h>
DESCRIPTION
The <wchar.h> header defines the following types: wchar_t As described in <stddef.h>. wint_t An integer type capable of storing any valid value of wchar_t or WEOF. wctype_t A scalar type of a data object that can hold values which represent locale-specific character classification. mbstate_t An object type other than an array type that can hold the conversion state information necessary to convert between sequences of (possibly multi-byte) characters and wide characters. If a codeset is being used such that an mbstate_t needs to preserve more than two levels of reserved state, the results are unspecified. FILE As described in <stdio.h>. size_t As described in <stddef.h>. va_list As described in <stdarg.h>. The implementation supports one or more programming environments in which the width of wint_t is no greater than the width of type long. The names of these programming environments can be obtained using the confstr(3C) function or the getconf(1) utility. The <wchar.h> header defines the following macros: WCHAR_MAX The maximum value representable by an object of type wchar_t. WCHAR_MIN The minimum value representable by an object of type wchar_t. WEOF Constant expression of type wint_t that is returned by several WP functions to indicate end-of-file. NULL As described in <stddef.h>. The tag tm is declared as naming an incomplete structure type, the contents of which are described in the header <time.h>. Inclusion of the <wchar.h> header can make visible all symbols from the headers <ctype.h>, <string.h>, <stdarg.h>, <stddef.h>, <stdio.h>, <stdlib.h>, and <time.h>.
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes: +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+ | ATTRIBUTE TYPE | ATTRIBUTE VALUE | +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+ |Interface Stability |Standard | +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
SEE ALSO
getconf(1), btowc(3C), confstr(3C), fgetwc(3C), getws(3C), fputwc(3C), fputws(3C), fwide(3C), fwprintf(3C), fwscanf(3C), getwc(3C), getwchar(3C), iswalpha(3C), iswctype(3C), mbsinit(3C), mbrlen(3C), mbrtowc(3C), mbsrtowcs(3C), towlower(3C), towupper(3C), ungetwc(3C), vfwprintf(3C), wcrtomb(3C), wcsrtombs(3C), wcstring(3C), wcsstr(3C), wcstod(3C), wcscoll(3C), wcsftime(3C), wcstol(3C), wcstoul(3C), wcswidth(3C), wcsxfrm(3C), wctob(3C), wctype(3C), wcwidth(3C), wmemchr(3C), wmemcmp(3C), wmemcpy(3C), wmemmove(3C), wmemset(3C), stdarg(3EXT), stddef.h(3HEAD), stdio.h(3HEAD), stdlib.h(3HEAD), string.h(3HEAD), time.h(3HEAD), wctype.h(3HEAD), attributes(5), stan- dards(5) SunOS 5.10 10 Sep 2004 wchar.h(3HEAD) | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Definitions
The tables displayed below are listing classification standards of lubricants. They also contain specific requirements for different types of lubricants under particular conditions.
Standard/
applicable to
Title Keyword/
Meas. unit
Conditions Description
DIN 51 502
Oils, greases
Lubricants and related substances; designation of lubricants and marking of lubricant containers, equipment and lubricating points. DIN designation of lubricants Consistent and unambiguous marking of industrial lubricants based on corresponding test standards to avoid damage caused by mistaken use of inappropriate lubricants.
DIN 51 506
Compressor
and condenser oils
VB and VC lubricating oils with and without additives and VDL lubricating oils Condenser oil requirements Requirements for lubricating oils that are used in air condensers with oil-lubricated compression chambers with no injection cooling.
DIN 51 509
Gear oils
and greases
Selection of lubricants for gears
Part 1: Lubricating oils ("C")
Part 2: Plastic lubricants ("G" and "OG")
Requirements for gear oils and greases Standard values, criteria and advice for the selection of lubricants for rolling gear (e.g. spur wheel or bevel gear with no axial offset) and screw rolling gear (e.g. worm gear).
DIN 51 517
Machine and gear oils
Lubricants; Lubricating oils
Part 1: Minimum requirements lubricating oils "C"
Part 2: Minimum requirements lubricating oils "CL"
Part 3: Minimum requirements lubricating oils "CLP"
Machine and gear oil requirements Requirements for lubricating oils used for circulation and immersion lubrication
DIN 51 519
Oils
Lubricants; ISO viscosity classification for industrial liquid lubricants ISO VG/
ISO VGs
Viscosity
measured at
40 °C as defined in DIN 51 562-1 or DIN EN ISO 3104
Classification system for industrial liquid lubricants based on viscosity of the lubricant. The tolerance zone is determined to +/-10% nominal viscosity.
DIN 51 524
Hydraulic oils
Pressure fluids; Hydraulic oils
Part 1: Minimum requirements lubricating oils "HL"
Part 2: Minimum requirements lubricating oils "HLP"
Part 3: Minimum requirements lubricating oils "HVLP"
Hydraulic oil requirements Requirements for hydraulic oils
DIN 51 825 lubricants; Lubricating greases K, Classification and requirements Roller and plain bearing grease requirements Requirements for greases used to lubricate roller bearings, plain bearings and sliding surfaces.
DIN 51 836 lubricants; Lubricating greases G, Classification and requirements Gear transmission grease requirements Requirements for greases used to lubricate enclosed gears.
DIN ISO 2909
Oils
Petroleum products; Calculation of viscosity index from kinematic viscosity Viscosity index/
without
Viscosity measured at
40 °C and 100 °C as defined in DIN 51 562-1 or DIN EN ISO 3104
The viscosity index (VI) describes the change in kinematic viscosity of an oil with temperature. Two different methods are used in relation to the calculation of viscosity index (A: VI < 100, B: VI > 100).
DIN ISO 6743-0 Lubricants, industrial oils and related products (class L); Classification; General ISO marking of lubricants Adoption of the international standard ISO 6743 as a German DIN standard. Alternative marking system for industrial lubricants for the avoidance of damage by mistaken use of incorrect lubricant.
Roller bearing greases
DN value /mm min Characteristic value that describes the maximum operating speed for rolling bearing greases | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Walter Campbell: more than a footnote
James Goodwin
Peter Kopplin
Toronto, Canada
Walter Ruggles Campbell
Walter Ruggles Campbell
When the teenager Leonard Thompson was admitted to the Toronto General in 1922 he was struggling with diabetes. His doctor had referred him to a wartime friend, a local expert in diabetes. The young expert, Walter Ruggles Campbell, became the first doctor to administer insulin to a patient.
The genesis and aftermath of this landmark event have been meticulously described. As the time approached for insulin to be used clinically, Campbell was in a difficult position. His physician-in-chief, Duncan Graham, had absolutely no confidence in the clinical skills of the impulsive co-discoverer of insulin, Frederick Banting.1
When Graham, something of a martinet, was appointed to the Toronto General Hospital in 1919, he undertook a vigorous reorganization of the Department of Medicine. An endowment of $25,000 from a wealthy Canadian family allowed him to hire Campbell as full-time member of the staff. Graham’s policy then was to steer public patients to the clinicians whose interest matched their diagnoses.2, 3
Campbell and his colleague Almon Fletcher were both assigned to a ward where diabetics were admitted. As treatment they used a modified Allen starvation diet. With no dietitian but especially gifted in mathematics, the head nurse Rosabel Coutts developed a formula that allowed her to work out appropriate diets in her head.4
Over the next two years, Campbell absorbed experience in treating diabetic patients. By January 1922, when insulin was ready for a trial, Graham had positioned Campbell and his colleague Fletcher where they would be in charge of insulin administration.
Campbell was born on a farm in Ontario in 1891. His grandfather came to Canada to work on the Welland Canal as a carpenter, then took up farming. The farm stayed in the family but Campbell’s father Bruce struggled to maintain it under the tight economic conditions in Ontario in the late nineteenth century. When asthma made him unable to continue, he took his family to California and joined two older brothers in the building business. In 1906 he died unexpectedly, which led Campbell’s mother to return to Ontario to enable him to attend medical school in Toronto.5, 6
When Campbell completed high school, he was too young to start medical school and entered a biochemistry and physiology course, graduating in 1911. He was then appointed to the junior staff in a biochemistry department that was just beginning. Here he met and worked alongside James Collip, who later shared Macleod’s Nobel Prize.
He eventually entered medical school and graduated in 1915. Shortly after, with the help of a senior clinician, he started a diabetic clinic at the Toronto General Hospital that may have been the first in Canada. He was said to have established a chemistry laboratory at the hospital and worked as demonstrator in chemical pathology.2
In 1917, he enlisted in wartime service and by 1918 was overseas, where his path took him to the No. 4 Canadian General Hospital at Basingstoke, England, to treat nephritic casualties.
When insulin was ready to be tried, young Thomson was chosen. He had been a diabetic for about a year. Campbell had gained the consent of the father to try the new pancreatic extract. When Banting brought over the brownish grey liquid, 7.5 ml of McLeod’s serum (which is what it was called in the orders) was injected into each buttock.1, 6
As often in hospital care, the “hands on” work fell to someone lower in the hierarchy and it was the senior intern, Jeffrey, who actually gave the injection. The seminal paper was published in March 1922, leading to a steady stream of diabetes experts like Joslin from Boston, Wilder from the Mayo Clinic, and Woodyat from Chicago to visit Toronto.4,8
By the summer of 1922 the Toronto group, with enough purified insulin on hand, had studied its effects on many diabetic patients. The two young clinicians had sweated out the new hormone’s side effects. In particular, they wrestled with hypoglycemia, predicted by Collip from his work with rabbits. Nobody really knew how tight sugar control should be as patients gained miraculous relief from their symptoms while still pouring out sugar in the urine. A high fat diet meant using less insulin and nutrition improved but there were doubts about the wisdom of this course. Adherence to a strict diet was still felt to be the best action.
Campbell’s career thrived in the spotlight of insulin discovery, but his interest in endocrinology also led to a reputation in calcium physiology. He retired from clinical work in 1952 but remained active in his laboratory until 1971. He lived a further ten years until the age of 90. In 1953 he was awarded the Banting medal by the American Diabetes Association along with his friend Fletcher.9 In the insulin story he was more than a footnote.
References
1. Bliss Michael. The Discovery of Insulin. McClelland and Stewart. Toronto. 1982.
2. Cosbie WG. The Toronto General Hospital 1819-1965: A Chronicle. The Macmillan Company of Canada. Toronto 1975.
3. Kerr RB and Waugh D. Duncan Graham: Medical Reformer and Educator. Dundurn Press. Toronto 1989.
4. Campbell WR. Anabasis. Can Med Assoc J. 1962 87:1055-61 5.
5. Notes from Ann Campbell Ward family history of Walter Campbell received November 29, 2011.
6. Taped interview of Walter Campbell by Dr RB Kerr 1979 University of Toronto archives.
7. Partial chart of Leonard Thompson available at the Toronto General Hospital archives on request.
8. Banting FG, Best CH, Collip JB, Campbell WR, Fletcher, AA. Pancreatic Extracts in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus: a preliminary report. Can Med Assoc J 1922 22:141-6.
9. American Diabetes Association website accessed November 30, 2013.
Additional Resources
1. Campbell, WR. Hypoglycemia and Hyperinsulinism Can Med Assoc. J. 1958 79:760-67.
2. Banting FG, Campbell WR, Fletcher AA. Further Clinical Experience with Insulin (Pancreatic Extracts) in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus Br Med J 1923:1:8-12.
3. Campbell WR. Andrew Almon Fletcher: An Appreciation. Obituary Can Med Assoc J. 1965 92: 145-46.
4. Torontonensis 1915 and information from Thompson’s chart TGH Archives.
JAMES GOODWIN, MD, is a 1955 graduate of the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Toronto. He went on to complete graduate training in obstetrics and gynecology at Harvard. His career included academic stops in Toronto Ontario, Edmonton, Alberta, Tehran, Iran, and St. John’s, Newfoundland. He was the co-editor of Perinatal Medicine published in 1977. In 2007, he published Our Gallant Doctor, a biography of a young obstetrician killed in action during the Second World War. He is currently retired but is working on a third book. As well, he holds membership in the Toronto Medical Historical Club. He was the nephew of Walter Campbell.
PETER KOPPLIN, MD, is a 1963 medical graduate of the University of Toronto. He trained in general internal medicine in Montreal, Quebec, and Toronto, Ontario, with some additional public health training in New Haven, Connecticut. His career has been practicing and teaching general internal medicine at St. Michael’s Hospital in Toronto. He is the secretary of the Toronto Medical Historical Club and has written a small historical sketch on residency life entitled On Call in the Heart of the City.
Highlighted in Frontispiece Spring 2015 – Volume 7, Issue 2
Spring 2015 | Hektorama | Physicians of Note | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:The Cambridge History of American Literature, v3.djvu/170
152 E. F. Beale in returning to California struck across a little ahead of Gunnison on the same route. With him was Gwin Harris Heap, who wrote the narrative of the journey: Central Route to the Pacific from the Valley of the Mississippi to California (1854), an attractive and interesting story. Following almost the same route, as far as Gunnison's crossing of Green River, came later in the same year the indefatigable Frémont on his fifth expedition. At Gunnison Crossing he swung to the south through the "High Plateau" country, a southern extension of the Wasatch uplift, and after much suffering in the midwinter of 1853-54 the starving party dragged into the Mormon settlement of Parowan with the loss of one man. Every family in the town immediately took in some of the men and gave them the kindest care. When able, Frémont proceeded westward till he met the high Sierras' icy wall, where he deflected south to the first available pass. To the end of his life he never forgot the generous behavior of the Mormons. At this time Mrs. Frémont reports in her Far West Sketches (1890) a most remarkable vision she had of her husband s plight, which came to her in the night at Washington. Mrs. Frémont wrote other interesting books, The Story of the Guard (1863), A Year of American Travel (1878), Souvenirs of my Time (1887), and the "Origin of the Frémont Explorations" in The Century Magazine (1890). The Recollections (1912) of her daughter, Elizabeth Benton Frémont, belong to the story of Frémont's career. Frémont published no account, and no data, of the fifth and last expedition excepting a letter to The National Intelligencer (1854), reprinted in Bigelow s Life. The narrative was to appear in the second volume of his Memoirs, but this was not published. His exact route therefore cannot be located. The main reliance for the narrative is Incidents of Travel and Adventure in the Far West with Frémont's Last Expedition (1857), by S. N. Carvalho, artist to the expedition.
One of the phenomenally reckless, daredevil frontiersmen was James P. Beckwourth, a man of mixed blood, who dictated a marvellous story of his escapades to T. D. Bonner. This was published in 1856 as The Life and Adventures of James P. Beckwourth. Somewhat highly coloured, no doubt, by | WIKI |
The Republicans take on health care -- and it won't be easy
(CNN)Republican lawmakers have finally unveiled a plan to repeal major portions of Obamacare, capping years of attacks against the health care law and a months-long debate that exposed deep rifts within the GOP. Now comes the hard part. House Republican leaders must begin in earnest the tough task of selling the new plan to overhaul America's health care system to colleagues in both chambers on Capitol Hill, where there is a myriad of clashing interests. And they will have to convince a skeptical public it's worthwhile, just seven years after Congress passed the Affordable Care Act. Republicans' Obamacare replacement bill: The winners and losers The political ramifications couldn't be more significant. Perceptions that Republicans and President Donald Trump are not moving ahead with a wholesale Obamacare repeal would anger large swaths of the party's base, while the possibility of millions of Americans losing coverage could emerge as a top liability for Republicans ahead of the 2018 midterm elections. Trump is expected to offer a more robust embrace of the House GOP health care plan Tuesday when he meets with the deputy whip team at the White House in the afternoon, an administration official told CNN Tuesday. Whether Trump is committed to the political challenge of repealing and replacing Obamacare remains a central question. "He'll work hard to get this done," the administration official said, including pushing reluctant conservatives by helping build support for this bill out in their districts. That's one of the reasons Texas Sen. Ted Cruz was invited to the White House for dinner Wednesday night. He's among the skeptical conservatives who believe the new bill is essentially a new mandate. In the coming days, key House committees will hold extended sessions to debate and revise a bill that until Monday night was closely guarded — including being held in a House office for lawmakers to view but not copy. These gatherings will provide plenty of opportunity for political grandstanding from Democrats as they look to cast Republicans as responsible for taking away people's health insurance. The legislation unveiled Monday would scrap the individual mandate, a major pillar of Obamacare, replacing it with refundable tax credits for individuals to purchase health insurance. It would also restructure Medicaid and defund Planned Parenthood. The proposal -- dubbed the "American Health Care Act" -- seeks to maintain Obamacare's protections for people with pre-existing conditions, but would allow insurers to charge higher premiums to individuals whose coverage has lapsed. The bill would also keep in place the so-called "Cadillac tax" on employers who provide generous health insurance plans. Americans are virtually split on the individual mandate, with 48% favoring removing the requirement to obtain coverage or pay a penalty and 50% wanting to keep it, according to a CNN/ORC poll released Tuesday morning. Other aspects of Obamacare are far more popular. A broad majority, 87%, support maintaining the law's protections for those with pre-existing conditions, and 61% are opposed to a replacement bill that would curb funding for the expansion of the Medicaid program. Here are the political obstacles Republican leaders are about to confront as they attempt to get this bill through the House and Senate. Millions stand to lose coverage The real-world ramifications of repealing Obamacare are complicated to say the least. But most health care experts agree on this much: Millions of Americans are likely to lose their coverage under the new GOP plan. It will be a tough pill for many Americans to swallow seven years after the passage of the Affordable Care Act. The law has been highly controversial since its inception, but the reality is that some 20 million people gained coverage as a result of it -- particularly low-income Americans. The most prominent Republican has already veered off-message on this front: Trump. While Trump wants to eliminate Obamacare, the President frustrated his colleagues when he promised earlier this year that the GOP plan would offer "insurance for everybody." Tevi Troy, deputy secretary of Health and Human Services under President George W. Bush, said the GOP's top challenge is "meeting the expectations" on coverage. "They need to maintain coverage levels so you won't have large numbers of people saying, 'I was covered under Obamacare and I'm not covered now,'" Troy told CNN. Major sticking point: Medicaid expansion The changes that House Republicans are proposing to make to Medicaid are not sitting well -- among some fellow Republicans. Thirty-one states expanded Medicaid under the Affordable Care Act, extending coverage to some 11 million low-income adults. Drastically restricting that program would leave many of those people without coverage -- an outcome that has plenty of GOP governors and lawmakers on edge. The plan would overhaul the whole program, which covers more than 70 million people, by sending states a fixed amount of money per enrollee, known as a per-capita cap. GOP Sen. Lisa Murkowski said that her party must find a "fair and humane" way to treat those who gained coverage through Medicaid expansion. "In Alaska, we've got 27,000 people that are now eligible for coverage that didn't have it before. Really have no place else to turn," Murkowski said. "And so I'm trying to figure out a way that treats these people in a fair and humane manner." Sen. Orrin Hatch, the top Republican on the Senate Finance Committee, said the intra-party division over Medicaid was a "problem." "The Democrats aren't going to help us. So it is a problem," Hatch told reporters moments before the House bill was released. Conservative backlash Conservative Republicans are not making things easy. Their concern: The proposal doesn't go far enough in gutting Obamacare. Over the past few weeks, GOP lawmakers like Sen. Rand Paul and members of the conservative House Freedom Caucus have raised hell over the draft bill, and it became clear Monday night that one provision they railed against -- refundable tax credits -- remains in the final draft. Conservatives say the refundable tax credits amount to just another entitlement program. "Still have not seen an official version of the House Obamacare replacement bill, but from media reports this sure looks like Obamacare Lite!" Paul tweeted Monday night. Analysis on the bill circulated by staff for the Republican Study Committee, a group of fiscal conservatives zeroed in on the tax credits, referring to them as "a Republican welfare entitlement" "Writing checks to individuals to purchase insurance is, in principle, Obamacare," the RSC memo, obtained from a GOP source, stated. Meanwhile, conservatives may also have problems with other provisions of the bill, like the fact that the House plan won't scrap the Obamacare taxes until 2018 or the fact it preserves the Cadillac Tax -- which has never been implemented -- yet still has been a point of contention for Democrats and Republicans alike. Freedom Caucus member Rep. Jim Jordan said cited specific frustration with the fact that the House bill would keep Obamacare taxes in place until 2018 instead of repealing them immediately like a 2015 repeal and replacement measure vetoed by President Barack Obama would have done. "We put on President Obama's desk a bill that got rid of all the taxes and ... a Republican Congress is going to put on a Republican president's desk a bill that keeps taxes in place?" Jordan, R-Ohio, said. House GOP leaders can only lose roughly 20 Republican votes when the bill comes to the floor later this month. Conservatives are under pressure from outside advocacy groups like Heritage Action and the Club for Growth and will be reluctant to support the bill unless their major areas of concern are addressed. "The real debate going on between the House GOP is members who want to make substantial changes to the ACA but realize getting rid of it will be quite problematic and members who ... generally want to get rid of everything and go back to the way things were," said Andy Slavitt, former acting head of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. "It's not possible." Over the course of the last few weeks, committee staff have gone back and forth with the Congressional Budget Office. While there was no official score, sources say the early returns for CBO weren't positive -- both in cost and in coverage. Many of the prominent shifts in the bill's language, in fact, were driven by GOP efforts to secure a better final score, sources said. House bill won't fly in the Senate House GOP leaders have coordinated with their Senate counterparts and insist they are largely all on the same page. But House Speaker Ryan and Senate Majority Leader McConnell face different internal dynamics in their chambers, and a bill that can pass in the House is not necessarily a bill that can pass the Senate. One potential holdup in the Senate will be over funding Planned Parenthood. Many House conservatives and outside groups are worried that in the upper chamber, where Republicans hold a narrow majority, leaders will be forced to strip out the provision to defund the group to get support of more centrist GOP senators like Susan Collins of Maine. Another issue that has split Senate and House Republicans is the proposed overhaul of the Medicaid program. Even before the House bill was released, four Senate Republicans -- Murkowski, Rob Portman of Ohio, Shelly Moore Capito of West Virginia, and Cory Gardner of Colorado -- of penned a letter to McConnell expressing concerns that the legislation would cut off those relying on Medicaid to address opioid addiction and mental health issues. "We believe Medicaid needs to be reformed, but reform should not come at the cost of disruption in access to health care for our country's most vulnerable and sickest individuals," the senators wrote. House GOP aides point to the provision that grandfathers existing enrollees and allows them to keep their coverage. But it's unclear if the details in the House bill will address these concerns, which have the potential to derail the bill as it works its way through the legislative process. How much will Trump help? House Republican leaders will need all the help they can get in the coming weeks as they try to shepherd their Obamacare bill through Congress. It's not clear whether that support will come from the White House. House GOP aides have repeatedly claimed they are working "hand in glove" with the White House, and over the course of the final harried days of drafting, that was true. There was deep involvement of several top executive branch officials over the weekend. A tweet from Trump's official account Monday was not exactly a full-throated. "House just introduced the bill to #RepealAndReplace#Obamacare. Time to end this nightmare," the message said. Meanwhile, White House spokesman Sean Spicer said in a statement Monday night that the House bill was an "important step" in fixing the health care system -- but did not go as far as to offer a explicit or forceful backing. And Tuesday morning, Trump was still qualifying his support for "our bill," saying it was out for "review and negotiation." CNN's Phil Mattingly, Jeff Zeleny, Tami Luhby and Ashley Killough contributed to this report. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Proto-Renaissance art is a term used to describe the art of the late Middle Ages and early Renaissance period, which was characterized by the emergence of new artistic styles that would later influence the Renaissance proper. This period began in the late 13th century and lasted until the early 15th century. It was a period of transition and renewal of artistic expression, which was marked by a shift away from the traditional Gothic style.
During this period, artists began to experiment with new techniques and materials, such as oil paints, and a focus on realism and naturalism. They also began to incorporate a greater use of perspective, which was a dramatic departure from the flat and stylized depictions of the past. Painters such as Giotto di Bondone, Simone Martini, and Gentile da Fabriano, were some of the key figures of this period and their work was instrumental in the development of Renaissance painting.
The Proto-Renaissance period was a period of great innovation and creativity. Sculptors began to create more lifelike and naturalistic figures, and frescoes and murals were produced on a larger scale than ever before. The use of color, light, and shadow also became more sophisticated, and artists began to take inspiration from the classical Greek and Roman art, as well as from the Italian landscape.
While the Proto-Renaissance period was the precursor to the Italian Renaissance, it was not a part of the Renaissance proper. Instead, it was an important time of transition, during which artists experimented with a range of new ideas and techniques. It was also a period of great artistic expression and innovation, which was crucial to the development of Renaissance art. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Int J Med Sci 2021; 18(3):593-603. doi:10.7150/ijms.45512 This issue Cite
Research Paper
Sleep disorders related to nutrition and digestive diseases: a neglected clinical condition
Filippo Vernia, Mirko Di Ruscio, Antonio Ciccone, Angelo Viscido, Giuseppe Frieri, Gianpiero Stefanelli, Giovanni Latella
Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Piazza S. Tommasi, 1- Coppito, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
Citation:
Vernia F, Di Ruscio M, Ciccone A, Viscido A, Frieri G, Stefanelli G, Latella G. Sleep disorders related to nutrition and digestive diseases: a neglected clinical condition. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18(3):593-603. doi:10.7150/ijms.45512. https://www.medsci.org/v18p0593.htm
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Abstract
Sleep disturbances often result from inappropriate lifestyles, incorrect dietary habits, and/or digestive diseases. This clinical condition, however, has not been sufficiently explored in this area. Several studies have linked the circadian timing system to the physiology of metabolism control mechanisms, energy balance regulation, and nutrition. Sleep disturbances supposedly trigger digestive disorders or conversely represent specific clinical manifestation of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. Poor sleep may worsen the symptoms of GI disorders, affecting the quality of life. Conversely, short sleep may influence dietary choices, as well as meal timing, and the circadian system drives temporal changes in metabolic patterns. Emerging evidence suggests that patients with inappropriate dietary habits and chronic digestive disorders often sleep less and show lower sleep efficiency, compared with healthy individuals. Sleep disturbances may thus represent a primary symptom of digestive diseases. Further controlled trials are needed to fully understand the relationship between sleep disturbances, dietary habits, and GI disorders. It may be also anticipated that the evaluation of sleep quality may prove useful to drive positive interventions and improve the quality of life in a proportion of patients.
This review summarizes data linking sleep disorders with diet and a series of disease including gastro-esophageal reflux disease, peptic disease, functional gastrointestinal disorders, inflammatory bowel diseases, gut microbiota alterations, liver and pancreatic diseases, and obesity. The evidence supporting the complex interplay between sleep dysfunction, nutrition, and digestive diseases is discussed.
Keywords: sleep disorders, circadian rhythm, diet, nutrition, gastrointestinal disease, digestive diseases
Citation styles
APA
Vernia, F., Di Ruscio, M., Ciccone, A., Viscido, A., Frieri, G., Stefanelli, G., Latella, G. (2021). Sleep disorders related to nutrition and digestive diseases: a neglected clinical condition. International Journal of Medical Sciences, 18(3), 593-603. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.45512.
ACS
Vernia, F.; Di Ruscio, M.; Ciccone, A.; Viscido, A.; Frieri, G.; Stefanelli, G.; Latella, G. Sleep disorders related to nutrition and digestive diseases: a neglected clinical condition. Int. J. Med. Sci. 2021, 18 (3), 593-603. DOI: 10.7150/ijms.45512.
NLM
Vernia F, Di Ruscio M, Ciccone A, Viscido A, Frieri G, Stefanelli G, Latella G. Sleep disorders related to nutrition and digestive diseases: a neglected clinical condition. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18(3):593-603. doi:10.7150/ijms.45512. https://www.medsci.org/v18p0593.htm
CSE
Vernia F, Di Ruscio M, Ciccone A, Viscido A, Frieri G, Stefanelli G, Latella G. 2021. Sleep disorders related to nutrition and digestive diseases: a neglected clinical condition. Int J Med Sci. 18(3):593-603.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). See http://ivyspring.com/terms for full terms and conditions. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Magnesium Lotion Is The Unexpected Product That's Great For Skin And Your Sleep Schedule
Are you struggling with skin concerns or falling asleep at night? It may be time to turn your attention to the benefits of magnesium. With so much information available online, it can be difficult to distinguish between trends and fads and legitimate health solutions. However, magnesium is undeniably essential, as this mineral plays a key role in everyday bodily functions (via Healthline).
"An astounding number of biochemical reactions in the body cannot do without magnesium," nutritionist Carolyn Dean shared with Allure, with skin and sleep proving no exception. In fact, a 2016 study published in the Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research found magnesium to be an effective treatment option for inflammatory skin conditions such as eczema and dermatitis. Inadequate magnesium also impacts your sleep. "Magnesium plays a big role in the chemicals that would help to turn down or relax the central nervous system," sleep specialist Dr. Chris Winter, M.D., revealed to Well+Good.
People who have experimented with oral magnesium supplements in the past may have experienced negative side effects, such as unwanted impacts on their digestive system. Topical magnesium, such as magnesium lotion, is a lesser-known form of magnesium typically used to address magnesium deficiency and other health concerns. So, what do you need to know to make sure you don't miss out on the potential health and beauty benefits of this underrated mineral?
Why should you use magnesium lotion?
According to a 2010 study published by the Magnesium Health Institute, the main advantage of using topical magnesium instead of taking oral supplements is that it allows the magnesium to enter directly into the bloodstream without going through the stomach and liver. This enhances the absorption of magnesium, along with reducing adverse gastrointestinal side effects.
Your cardiovascular system, nervous system, muscles, and bones all rely on magnesium to carry out vital functions. Therefore, it also makes sense that magnesium would play a role in maintaining healthy skin. Applying magnesium to your skin via a lotion provides unique benefits, such as reducing dryness and irritation. For instance, holistic facialist Emilee Wilson told Allure that "Magnesium is the way to go for clients who come in with redness or rosacea." Additionally, if you live with acne, you can try magnesium oil or lotion, as magnesium helps regulate hormonal imbalances, per the Women's Health Network.
Magnesium may also improve sleep quality
The topic merits further study, but individuals with a known magnesium deficiency may have trouble maintaining a regular sleep schedule, per SleepFoundation.org. "Magnesium deficiency has been associated with higher levels of stress, anxiety, and difficulty relaxing, which are key ingredients to getting good sleep at night," Dr. Raj Dasgupta, a University of Southern California professor of pulmonary and sleep medicine, explained to The New York Times.
People who experience chronic stress or anxiety may also benefit from topical magnesium, as long-term stress leads to muscle tension. "If your muscles are extra tense as you're trying to fall asleep, you can't get good sleep," sleep doctor Temitayo Oyegbile-Chidi, M.D., Ph.D. shared with Well+Good. "Also, we know that when you're very anxious and stressed about things ... you're more likely to wake up because of all that muscle tension. So, having a way to relax the tension in your muscles can really improve sleep overall." In this case, adding magnesium lotion to your nightly routine could significantly improve your sleep, even if you don't have a severe magnesium deficiency.
Although studies have yet to determine if topical magnesium offers more benefits than dietary supplements, as per Healthline, magnesium lotion may be an effective alternative option for those who cannot tolerate traditional supplements due to unwanted side effects. Massaging lotion into your skin before bed can also serve as a mindful activity that may also improve your skin's circulation and encourage relaxation. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:St. Nicholas (serial) (IA stnicholasserial321dodg).pdf/318
212 pictured; for Holbein loved things of delicate and skilful workmanship, and left many designs for scabbards, goblets, and goldsmith’s work.
Yet, compared with all the finish and detail of Holbein’s picture, how large, simple, and grand is the composition of Titan’s! Holbein’s aim was to put in everything that was without injury to the total effect; Titan’s aim was to leave out everything but what was essential. Holbein’s picture is a triumph of well-controlled working-out of detail; Titian’s of simplicity.
And, as 1 have said, while the Holbein is simply and appropriately dignified, the Titan is majestically grand. Turn again to “The Man with the Glove,” shut out with your fingers first one of the hands, then the other, and then the sweep of shirt, and notice each time how the balance and dignity of the composition are thereby destroyed; for its magic consists in the exact placing of the lighter spots against the general darkness of the whole. By this time we realize that the fascination of this | WIKI |
Okojie
Okojie is a Nigerian surname. It is known to mean royalty and anything related. Notable people with the surname include:
* Benita Okojie (born 1988), Nigerian gospel singer
* Christopher Okojie (1920–2006), Nigerian doctor and politician
* Ogbidi Okojie (1857–1944), Nigerian royalty
* Victoria Okojie, Nigerian librarian, academician, and administrator | WIKI |
Is the Sony A90J worth the money?
Is the Sony A90J worth the money?
The Sony A90J is excellent for HDR gaming thanks to its extremely fast response time and perfect black levels. While it doesn’t get as bright in HDR as most LED TVs, it’s among the brightest OLEDs we’ve tested. It also has a wide color gamut.
What is the difference between Sony 80j and 90j?
The Sony A80J OLED and the Sony A90J OLED are very similar TVs overall, and both offer stunning picture quality in a premium, well-built package. The other big difference is that the A90J is available in 55, 65, and 83 inch sizes, while the A80J is available in 55, 65, and 77 inch sizes.
Is LG OLED better than Sony?
The Sony delivers slightly better picture quality, as it has better gradient handling and a much better color volume. On the other hand, the LG is a better choice for gaming, as it has a lower input lag, and it supports advanced gaming features like VRR and ‘Auto Low Latency Mode’.
Which is better A80J or A90J?
The A90J is essentially an A80J but even better. It’s (slightly) more stylish, it produces punchier pictures, and it sounds weightier and more solid. In fact, there’s no area in which the A80J is better than the A90J. No area, that is, except price.
Does A90J use Evo panel?
No, it doesn’t have the EVO panel. And nits don’t tell the whole story. Vincent recently made a video on this very subject and it’s worth a watch.
Is Sony coming out with a new OLED TV?
New Sony TVs for 2021 The headline feature is that Sony’s 2021 TV range are the world’s first cognitive intelligence televisions on the market. New 8K TVs, new OLEDs, new 4K Full Array LED models have launched under the BRAVIA XR umbrella, while beneath that are more affordable 4K LED TVs and a new 32-inch HD model.
When did the A80J come out?
The Sony A80J is available now in the US, UK and Australia. It has been available for pre-order from April 19 in the US, meaning it launched slightly after the more premium A90J model.
Does the A80J have Evo panel?
It appears that the LG G1 OLED has the EVO panel, the A80J does not.
Who owns OLED technology?
U.S. Universal Display Corporation is a developer and manufacturer of organic light emitting diodes (OLED) technologies and materials as well as provider of services to the display and lighting industries.
Is A80CJ same as A80J?
The difference in the model numbers is based on the type of store they are sold in, and their warranty terms. For example, the A80CJ is the same as the A80J, but the A80CJ is sold at membership-only clubs, such as Costco.
Is A80J brighter than LG C1?
Sony A80J vs LG C1: picture The A80J’s bright highlights are packed with detail, colour and shading that most TVs miss, while at the other end of the contrast spectrum, it prioritises shadow detail over the inky blackness of the C1, digging up extra shades in the darkest parts of the picture.
How much does the Sony kd-65a8 OLED TV cost?
It’s the first entry-level Sony OLED TV to get the brand’s (currently) top level X1 Ultimate video processing, and boasts Sony’s Acoustic Surface audio solution, where the screen functions as the TV’s speakers. The A8 OLED comes in two sizes, 55- and 65-inches (reviewed here) The KD-65A8 OLED has an RRP of £2599/$2300/€2100/CAD$3898/AUD$4495.
What ports are on the Sony a80j?
All of the ports on the LG CX OLED and LG G1 OLED are HDMI 2.1, and that would be nice to see on a model such as this, too. Like all the TVs in Sony’s 2021 lineup, the A80J is equipped with the Cognitive Processor XR.
What’s new on the Sony A8 OLED TV?
Sony has added a pair of rear mounted bass drivers for 2020, too. The Sony A8 OLED’s smarts are provided by Android TV in the latest 9.0 iteration. This provides access to a huge number of apps and services – though all most TV users will care about are the streaming apps.
How much does the Sony Bravia a80j weigh?
Weight: 49.2 pounds [w/o stand] Who says you can’t have it all? The Sony Bravia XR A80J (from $1,899, $2,499 as tested) is packed with features designed to enhance every aspect of your TV viewing — and they almost all achieve their goals. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Pepper spray
Challenging photo
The second photo, titled "pepper spray demonstration" appears to be edited. Upon close examination of the area around the spray, there is an discoloration the shape of an area marked with a highlighter from the spray bottle to the handle of the door behind the man on the left. The house appears blue in this area, and the man (being sprayed) appears more yellow. Upon examining the original source, no explanation is given for this discrepancy. I recommend its removal or replacement, with the consideration that it is not necessary to the article. 2600:100F:B12A:D4EF:0:55:18B4:A401 (talk) 22:45, 6 December 2018 (UTC)
Style
Pepper spray IS non-lethal. The deaths allegedly related to its use are not a result of exposure to pepper spray itself, rather they are a result of some other form of force. For example, individuals exposed to the agent have asphyxiated after being subdued due to police officers not utilizing proper arrest procedures (e.g., a police officer places his knee and body weight on a suspects neck or back for a substantial period of time, thus preventing the suspect from breathing.) The chance that an individual will actually experience an allergic reaction to the chemical spray is substantially small as well.
For future reference, the ACLU is a joke and is hardly a credible source for anything.
ACLU statistics
I don't see why you would say the ACLU is a joke, however I believe this Wikipedia article misquotes them.
First, there are two different references to ACLU findings in this article: Clearly at least one of these quotes is wrong. Reading the report cited for the second statement potentially explains the discrepancy. It actually says:
* "fourteen fatalities from the use of pepper spray as of 1995"
* "27 deaths in custody of people sprayed with pepper spray in California alone, since 1993"
"In this report, the ACLU of Southern California identifies 26 deaths among people who were pepper-sprayed by police officers in the period Jan. 1, 1993, through June 1, 1995."
While we don't have ready access to the source for the first statement, I suspect it is a misquote, as the ACLU of Southern California's report on pepper spray does not conclude that pepper spray caused the fatalities. Instead it suggests additional research into the effects and a moratorium on it's widespread use. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 04:16, 1 February 2008 (UTC)
BTW, Googling for "5,300,000 SHU" reveals that the spray in question is really a 2% solution of 5,3M SHU OC.. No wonder that "spraying" almost pure capsaicin oil felt like a bit weird idea to me. This error is also on the Scoville scale page.
Please review www.zarc.com the founder of pepper spray for a more accurate information on pepper spray.
I think people have actually died from exposure to pepper spray. What is this "non-lethal" bullshit all about? Pepper spray can definitely have lasting effects as well --<IP_ADDRESS> 07:22, 16 November 2005 (UTC)
* The definition of Non-Lethal comes from the Department of Defense. No product is completely "non-lethal," it indicates that in studies, the potential for death is statistically small. Even yelling at or striking someone has a potential of being deadly force, it depends on the person you're applying the force to and what pre-existing medical or neurological conditions they have. Yet we consider yelling at and striking people to be "non-lethal." Pyrogen 10:49, 9 June 2006 (UTC)
In 1994, the American Civil Liberties Union in Los Angeles claimed to have documented fourteen fatalities involving people who had been sprayed. Alan Parachini, director of public affairs, stated that even if the spray itself was not the cause death, autopsy results showed that it was a factor. He urged the Los Angeles Police Department to curtail its use of pepper spray until more research was done.
Can anybody please confirm or deny the claim about pelargonic acid morpholide used in Russia? --Shaddack 10:35, 16 November 2005 (UTC)
* Used widely, wider than "natural" OC. Seems to be less effective but is preferred by manufacturers. --Varnav 11:06, 12 April 2006 (UTC)
Police in the UK
I believe the following sentence is incorrect, "Police, most of whom do not carry firearms, are trained to use pepper spray and carry it as part of their standard compliment." They carry CS spray, not pepper spray. Ben 21:02, 11 July 2006 (UTC) In response to the above comment, some Police Forces such as Northamptonshire, officers carry PAVA which is synthetic pepper spray. GP 19/01/08 —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:57, 19 January 2008 (UTC) In fact, now the majority of Police Forces in the UK use PAVA. Millis 23:35, 27 January 2008 (UTC)
purchasing information would be nice
where can you purchase it? in the uk pharmacies don't seem to sell it. In Germany they do.. --<IP_ADDRESS> 17:34, 28 November 2005 (UTC)
* Try Google - you'll find tons of retailers there. Wikipideia has a policy of not hosting specifically commercial links, so that'll be your best bet. – ClockworkSoul 17:41, 28 November 2005 (UTC)
The UK pharmacies don't seem to sell it because it is illegal <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:26, 6 September 2010 (UTC)
Non-lethal nature?
The following statement seems to take a opposing position to ACLU's which isn't NPOV: "It is of a non-lethal nature, however, the American Civil Liberties Union claims to have documented fourteen fatalities from the use of pepper spray." "It is of a non-lethal nature" should be change to something such "it is generally though to be of a non-lethal nature, however..." in order to be more NPOV. --Cab88 12:06, 24 January 2006 (UTC)
* Well, I think the nature is actually non-letal. It is not intended to kill. --Varnav 12:45, 12 April 2006 (UTC)
* Who's definition of "non-lethal" and "less-lethal" are we using? The DOD/NATICK definition? If so, then its non-lethal. Pyrogen 10:49, 9 June 2006 (UTC)
An additional point needs to be raised regarding the safety of pepper spray when used against people with severe allergic reactions to chilli / etc.
A re-wording to NPOV could run:
Pepper spray is popularly held to be non-lethal, and the use of it in law enforcement contexts is predominantly as an alternative to intentionally lethal force.
And then add a new section: "Lethality debate"
So the controversy is encapsulated within an explicitly controversial / potentially nNPOV block. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:28, 8 October 2007 (UTC)
Lethality
I really don't think the sloppy, unsupported sentence about the ACLU charges, which are summarily dismissed in the second clause, seems appropriate or well written. For quality control reasons I'm removing the clause and tidying up surrounding areas accordingly. Spad xiii 14:02, 20 February 2006 (UTC)
* Works for me. – ClockworkSoul 14:24, 20 February 2006 (UTC)
The American Civil Liberties Union documented fourteen fatalities from the use of pepper spray as of 1995 The Los Angeles Times has reported at least 61 deaths associated with police use of pepper spray since 1990 in the USA the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) documented 27 deaths in custody of people sprayed with pepper spray in California alone, since 1993 <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 08:04, 14 December 2007 (UTC)
* Fatalities are mentioned three separate times in the article. There needs to be a clarification as to how many people have died from this stuff for it to appear credible.
The ACLU makes wild unsubstantiated claims all the time. They are not a credible scientific or criminal justice investigative organization: they are a political advocacy group. Their claims lack any legitimacy. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:31, 15 June 2009 (UTC)
Food product?
What is this "food product" fuss all about? It looks like a patent nonsense to me. In which of these definitions (copied from food) does Pepper spray fit?: Duja 17:10, 23 March 2006 (UTC)
* any substance or product, whether processed, partially processed or unprocessed, intended to be, or reasonably expected to be ingested by humans whether of nutritional value or not;
* water and other drinks;
* chewing gum;
* articles and substances used as an ingredient or component in the preparation of food.
* The active ingredient, capsaicin, is indeed a component of many foods, including peppers. Also, spraying something into the eyes is a form of ingestion, so pepper spray is "intended to be ingested". —Keenan Pepper 18:05, 23 March 2006 (UTC)
* So is cyanide a component of many foods (almonds e.g.) and also "intended to be ingested", especially in Agatha Christie's novels. That still doesn't make it a "food product". I'm removing it. Duja 20:06, 23 March 2006 (UTC)
* Wrong. Bitter almonds contain a compound, amygdalin, that sometimes breaks down into cyanide, but you don't eat bitter almonds, you eat sweet almonds, which contain no cyanide or amygdalin. —Keenan Pepper 23:33, 23 March 2006 (UTC)
* The definition you cite is, as the food article says, a defition under Western food law. More informal definitions and/or different technical definitions of a food product may very well encompass pepper spray for the reasons Keenan Pepper has given. I put the "food product" part back into the introduction because it seemed reasonable and I assumed it was placed there in good faith by whoever did so originally. It sounds like this question might need an expert? –Sommers (Talk) 21:47, 27 March 2006 (UTC)
* Yes I know it's the definition under "Western food law". How about a definition under common sense? I didn't question Keenan's good faith either, just his sanity . But I still wait for his explanation of that edit; the fact that pepper spray is made of something which is a food does not make it a food for itself. Many non-edible things are made of corn, for example. And the explanation that "it is intended for ingestion" is also skewed – of course it not intended for voluntary ingestion. Duja 22:08, 27 March 2006 (UTC)
* Note that I didn't add it in the first place, I was just defending it against the accusation of "patent nonsense". —Keenan Pepper 22:26, 27 March 2006 (UTC)
* I work with a guy who makes some pretty dang good beef jerky with the stuff. As far as I'm concerned it's perfectly safe for consumption... Uncomfortable? Yes, for most, but still entirely edible. Scowly (talk) 04:46, 2 July 2009 (UTC)
* Edible does not mean intended for consumption. For example, semen is edible and frequently eaten, but it still is not intended for consumption. MykellM (talk) 23:32, 10 July 2009 (UTC)
frivolous statement
Long-term effects of pepper spray have not been effectively researched. Lets see millions of people everyday eat capsaicins for years on end, the statement might as well say: "Long-term effects of ketchup have not been effectively researched." and if were talking about exposure to the skin and eyes instead of the GI track, no one is exposed to pepper spray for a long time in that manner (maybe the poor schmucks in guantanamo bay, but thats sadly unconfirmed). If no one has a valid disagreement I'm removing the statement.--BerserkerBen 00:31, 29 March 2006 (UTC)
* Keep - I don't know about you, but I don't often go sticking chilies in my eyes. Eating it is not the same thing ;) The statement also fits the patterin shown in other wikipedia articles on chemical weapons. -- Ch'marr 07:21, 31 March 2006 (UTC)
* Delete or Move - "Long-term effects" should go to capsaicin article (if not already there) but they don't make sense in pepper spray. IOW, it is quite plausible that a person often eats capsaicine or it gets into the eyes, but as you said... Duja 15:59, 31 March 2006 (UTC)
* Keep - The amount of capsaicin that one on the receiving end of pepper spray absorbs is many orders of magnitude higher than the amount in even a strong meal. That combined with the fact that it's affecting tissues that don't normally contact capsaicin makes it a horse of an entirely different color. – ClockworkSoul 23:55, 31 March 2006 (UTC)
* Find actual research. I think the statement is simply false. Lots of people have done research on the long-term effects of pepper spray, and we should find reports and summarize them in the article. —Keenan Pepper 00:11, 1 April 2006 (UTC)
* Comment. Maybe it should just shoule be rephrased for the start; I got lulled in by BerserkerBen's interpretation. If it's parsed as "later consequences of getting in contact with Pepper spray", it starts to make sense. Duja 19:50, 2 April 2006 (UTC)
Sorry for the lateness of my reply: I think Keenan Pepper is on the right track and after a quick pubmed search there is long term studies of capsaicin both injested, inhaled and exposed, I will be compilling and implanted the information soon.--BerserkerBen 14:54, 19 April 2006 (UTC)
Antidotes
AFAIK milk is and antidote, as well as sugar. Also you can wash OC off using alcohol. --Varnav 11:02, 12 April 2006 (UTC)
* Any oily or even mildly hydrophobic substance. As capsaicins are hydrophobic water will not remove them, but another hydrophobic solvent will, thus alcohols (amphiphilic), Milk (emulsified fats or oils) or vegetable oils should do the job, residual pain will still be cause by capsaicins lodged on the neurons.--BerserkerBen 14:54, 19 April 2006 (UTC)
Remove the "Buy pepperspray" link
Hi, I think the "buy it online" link should be removed. It looks like a Wikipedia endorsement of a specific company selling the stuff, which I consider inappropriate. Cheers, Jo
* Done. Next time be bold and do it yourself! —Keenan Pepper 17:40, 14 July 2006 (UTC)
Chemical warfare
Why is this grouped with chemical warfare? It's not used for warfare. It's used for self-defense and riot control. It's ineffective as a weapon of war. Nathan J. Yoder 03:27, 29 August 2006 (UTC)
* It is considered a Riot Control Agent by military forces. Pyrogen 14:06, 2 December 2006 (UTC)
* It was used as chemical warfare. Ranger patrols in the Vietnam carried huge CS cans as a expeditive "disengage helper" in case of facing strong opposition. It is (or "was", not sure abour this point) also used by the SAS.
* Try CS on you (be cautious, use only an small amount and in open space) and you will see that CS is highly effective as a weapon of war: If you can not see or breath, you are incapacitated to shoot back. Randroide 15:05, 2 December 2006 (UTC)
* There we are, I knew that they used it in Vietnam, but didn't want to go having to dig out a citation for it.
* Sorry. I have not the source here (I am in a public facility, not at home), but I will provide the citation. I promise, wait a few weeks, please. My source it is a book about the Rangers in Nam, published by Osprey Publishing if I remember well. But you are right: Unsourced assertions are useless. Cheers Randroide 16:39, 2 December 2006 (UTC)
* Here it is... the source I promised: CS used in the Vietnam war.
* Gas, mines, and explosives were as important to the Ranger as his rifle and rations. CS tear gas was employed to enable a team to break contact with the enemy. When pulling out of a fire fight, Rangers would attempt to head upwind, opening their gas canisters as they withdrew Source Ranger, behind enemy lines in Vietnam, page 121. Ron Field, Military Illustrated, ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>. Randroide 14:09, 9 December 2006 (UTC)
* Sources for use by the SAS: "Fighting skills of the SAS" ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER> and "This is the SAS" ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>. Randroide 16:45, 2 December 2006 (UTC)
Having tried CS, I can honestly say I didn't like it. Pyrogen 15:57, 2 December 2006 (UTC)
* Sure: The stuff really works. I tried CS during a training course and since them I have the utmost respect for the CS can I always carry in my belt. Cheers. Randroide 14:09, 9 December 2006 (UTC)
Why all the discussion about CS gas here? The article is about pepper spray. I agree with Mr. Yoder - the classification with chemical warfare is inappropriate and amounts to a back-door NPOV violation. It should be removed. HiramShadraski 19:42, 22 April 2007 (UTC)
Wait...let's be logical. Is the item a weapon? Yes. Is it a chemical? Yes. Is its use as a weapon effective only because of thr chemical ingredient? Yes. Ergo it is a chemical weapon. <IP_ADDRESS> 10:19, 24 June 2007 (UTC)
Depends on what you mean by "weapon". OC sprays are intended to get a person out of a potentially violent situation while doing minimal, or no, injury to the opponent; it could be argued that that's not how most people understand "weapons" to function. The word "weapon", more often, refers to tools intended to do harm, injury, or cause death, not tools painstakingly designed to minimize the risk of same. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:09, 8 February 2008 (UTC)
* I can't believe it is even being argued whether it is a "weapon" or not. Of course it's a weapon, in fact it's a chemical weapon. Regardless of your definition, OC spray along with every other "weapon" in all senses can be employed to seriously fuck someone up if in the wrong hands. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:31, 2 November 2008 (UTC)
* Quite literally anything can be employed to "seriously fuck someone up in the wrong hands", so that's really quite meaningless. Common definition of words is the only way language has any value in sharing information, so the definition IS the key. That said, temporarily blinding someone or causing pain IS harm, even if minimal, so it does fit the definition of a weapon. Merennulli (talk) 20:40, 21 August 2009 (UTC)
* It is a chemical manufactured expressly to inflict harm or pain. That isn't an incidental use, but its primary purpose. Ergo, it is a chemical weapon, even if it is not intended for, or (typically) capable of, killing or inflicting permanent harm. Added it to the chemical weapons category. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:24, 27 March 2014 (UTC)
Added POV tag to "effects" section
I have added a POV tag, for the obviously advocative language in the "Effects" section. Upon closer examination I now see the reason for the inclusion in the "Chemical Warfare" category, but the non-NPOV character of the base article is, I think, distractive. HiramShadraski 14:15, 26 April 2007 (UTC)
* It's been 4 months. I'm removing the tag. --gwc 03:30, 31 August 2007 (UTC)
* Why? The language has not changed. HiramShadraski 04:07, 31 August 2007 (UTC)
* Over a week w/ no response from gwc. Restoring it. HiramShadraski 10:52, 7 September 2007 (UTC)
* Removing tag. Effects section is well-referenced and neutral. Kaomso 03:09, 10 November 2007 (UTC)
* Effects section is well-referenced, but is certainly not neutral. Tag restored. HiramShadraski 14:48, 10 November 2007 (UTC)
* Unless those who put the NPOV tag are going to edit the section to improve it, the back and forth adding and taking the tag away with lags of months is not appropriate. I will change the title to this section so that editors can find it. I will check back to see if anyone has taken the trouble to edit the section and remove the NPOV tag. The only comment that actually says why the tag was problematic is the first from April 2007. The concerns may actually be about WP:tone and WP:soap I think. Please those with the concern, fix the article. Fremte (talk) 23:06, 4 April 2008 (UTC)
Legality
I can't say im any sort of expert on laws, but I happen to be a New York resident who bought some pepperspray recently from a uniform supply store (in New York), and they just made me fill out a form saying who I was and that I haven'tbeen convicted of any felonies. This is contrary to what is said in the article, that in New York, "Pepper spray may only be sold by licensed firearms dealers or pharmacists," as the store I bought it from was neither. I would also doubt that this store was breaking laws, as it seemed (from my brief visit) that police officers were a major customer base. Therefore, i took out that line untill someone can say for sure what NY laws are regarding pepperspray DenimForce2.0 21:02, 26 May 2007 (UTC)
Pepper spray would not be regulated by the 1972 Biological Weapons Convention as it is a chemical agent. Biological weapons use "living" microbes such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, etc. to infect the enemy. However, pepper spray would be banned from use in combat under the 1997 Chemical Weapons Convention-<IP_ADDRESS> 18:05, 10 November 2007 (UTC)
i belive that the legality of bear spray in canada may have changed as i went to Canadian tire to buy some having been recently robbed of my sansa e260 rockboxed and was told the police said they're no longer aloud to sell it, same with the other stores i went to ~DJ BlueFoxx(aka the crazy screaming weird kid at Surrey central Sunday night when noone else would help) —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:03, 12 February 2008 (UTC)
In Canada its a Prohibited Weapon under "Former Prohibited Weapons order No. 1". Its not a restricted weapon but a prohibited one in the same classification as automatic rifles and machine guns, as well as a variety of other "weapons". The link they are using as a source is wrong. MachinistJim (talk) 16:15, 15 June 2008 (UTC)
According to the Japanese language version of this page Pepper spray is not regulated in Japan. "日本の法規制 特に規制されていない. " Google translates this as. "Laws and regulations of Japan Not specifically regulated." I will confirm this with the police then add it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:02, 22 January 2010 (UTC)
I actually live in Japan, and just yesterday I waved a spray cannister in the face of a guy who was being overly aggressive. He backed off, but we went to the police, and they told me I'd have to stay until they checked if the thing was legal or not. It turns out, it's only legal for a woman to carry it, and even she'd have to provide good reasons for why she's carrying it. I will have to present myself at the police station again when they'll call me, and will end up guilty of a minor offense. They said the penalty may be anything from simply being told "don't do it again", to paying a fine (which, I was told, would be cheap for an offense like this). Seems like either way, I got off pretty easy (unless they lied to make sure I wouldn't run from Japan... but I doubt it because the tone of the entire thing was rather casual and friendly). I'm new here and I don't know if this warrants an edit of the article (I can't give references or anything), so I'll leave it up to you guys to decide that.--Maxy300 (talk) 01:07, 16 July 2014 (UTC)
Corrected sweden part. Sweden law is written in a way, making a license required for each separate weapon (for example, if you own 2 handgunds of the same model, you would still need 2 licenses). NO weapon is explicity illegal in the law, Instead this is controlled in the license issuance process. Its pretty cumbersome to get license for pepperspray in sweden, but its not impossible. Its judged from a case to case basis. In fact, you as a civilian could legally own a bazooka or a "minigun" in sweden, if you manage to get a license for it. Sebastiannielsen (talk) 23:09, 12 January 2011 (UTC)
* That's fine - I edited your change slightly for flow and grammar. If you could provide a citation for it, though, that would be great. Mark Shaw (talk) 00:10, 13 January 2011 (UTC)
Unlike the current claim in this section that pepper spray is illegal in China according to referenced a China Daily article, a Zhihu article from last year says the opposite. Both articles claim lawyers as their sources. Pepper sprays are still available on Taobao which differs from the claims in the China Daily article. However, the word "pepper spray" and some other related keywords are blocked and can only be found with external search engines.There-is-life-on-mars (talk) 23:49, 31 January 2020 (UTC)
Legality in Australia
In Western Australia you can legally purchase Pepper Spray over the counter.
--Dan541 12:26, 28 May 2007 (UTC)
* In ACT, NT and SA you can legally purchase it anywhere too, not sure about Queensland. What I'm curious about is, what's the status of bear or dog spray in NSW? I can't find any caselaw on it, and the Weapons Prohibition Act (1998) NSW Schedule 1 (22) outlines 'defence or anti-personel spray', but doesn't touch on animal control sprays. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:54, 8 May 2008 (UTC)
Video removed
The video used to show the effects of pepper spray in action was a link to a protest at George W. Bush's inauguration. The pepper spraying in this video didn't actually occur until over 5 minutes after the start, plus the video was a presentation of a protest advocating a particular POV regarding a political matter. If this video was shorter and started at the point of the spraying, it might be OK, but I'd prefer to see something a little less inflammatory (no pun intended) and more focused on the effects of pepper spray.
I did find a great YouTube video that could be used, but I'm pretty sure it's footage of a copyrighted show from a guy named Ryan Stock. If someone could find similar footage, or if someone could confirm this footage is not copyrighted, either would be perfect.
I was torn about just removing the section and not putting something up, and I would have left the previous video up if the relevant content was closer to the beginning of the clip. I did search for a replacement video, but most of what I could find was just law enforcement or military training videos and none of them really seemed to document or show the effects of pepper spray in any useful way to the average person.
Davebenham 05:58, 14 July 2007 (UTC)
peaceful demonstrators
There are also Pepper-spray projectile available, which can be fired from a paintball gun. Having been used for years against peaceful demonstrators [2], it is increasingly being used by police in routine interventions.[3]
... I think this article shouldn't turn into a political platform. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:01, August 29, 2007 (UTC)
Neutrality
Why not include a section dedicated to the debate regarding the lethality (or non-lethal nature) of pepper spray, instead of debating it here? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Davebenham (talk • contribs) 23:16, 1 October 2007 (UTC)
Non-lethal arguments?
Wikipedia's article on Non-lethal_force clearly states they "are weapons intended to be unlikely to kill or to cause great bodily injury to a living target." Although the Non-lethal_force article does redirect to Less-lethal_weapons, is that what everyone is upset about? Non-lethal instead of Less-lethal? Brother.
Personally, I'd like to see the terms Non-lethal_force and Less-lethal_weapons and pages that reference them reworked. Where did these terms come into use? Are they industry defined terms, political terms, or government classifications? Reworking these the discussion of these terms and how they are integrated into other wikipedia articles might be the only way to get rid of the neutrality tag on this page.
Davebenham 23:41, 1 October 2007 (UTC)
* Someone added a comment about spraying causing perminant blindness or death due to "hydrolic needle" effect. That looks very suspcious and should possibly be deleted. DonPMitchell (talk) 18:43, 28 September 2008 (UTC)
* I did a quick search and found a source describing the "hydraulic needle effect" as resulting in minor injuries. I agree with the removal/rewording. Flatscan (talk) 19:46, 28 September 2008 (UTC)
Legality in Germany
Even minors can purchase pepper spray in Germany as long as it's solely use is the defense against animals. Using pepper spray agaunst people is not allowed, but if it's self defense you won't get prosecuted. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:05, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* You must be misinformed. The use of pepper spray against both animals and humans is only allowed in self-defence (humans) or in an act of necessity (animals). So, in a state of self-defence EVERY proper self-defence against an attacking human is allowed, be it pepper spray against animals or something else. The manufacturers label on pepper sprays "for the purpose of defense against animals only" is their trick to circumvent the German weapon control law, because then it's not considered a weapon! And because it's not a weapon it can be used and carried by anybody without coming under the weapon control law. Nonetheless the legal use against what- or whosoever is still regulated in the German criminal code. So, there are two different pepper spray categories, those labeled against animals only - which can of course also be legally used in self-defence against attacking humans, since self-defence is regulated in the criminal code, not the weapon control law, and pepper sprays which are to be especially used against humans in (all only self-defence!), but can of course nonetheless also be used against animals. But the latter come under the weapon control law, since they're also considered weapons. Thus these sprays can not be obtained by minors under the age of 14.
* Saying the solely use of animal pepper spray was against animals is totally wrong. It is first of all not a legally defined weapon and secondly, can be used in self-defence against everything or everybody, like you could also use your umbrella, your purse, a chair in self-defence. And saying using pepper spray against humans were not allowed, unless in self-defence, is like saying using a chair against humans is not allowed, unless in self-defence. It's self-explanatory. This has nothing to do with the age of somebody defending him- or herself against somebody. Nothing is allowed done to do harm unto others. Otherwise it comes under the criminal code.
* What you claimed sounds like every deed against another huma was prohibited, unless... self-defence. That's wrong, that reminds me on the German Wiki-knowledge, which is obviously written by laymen. The German criminal code is only applied on crimes, illegal deeds. And it clearly states, that everything done in self-defence is NOT illegal, hence it doesn't come under the criminal code in the first place. There's a difference!
§ 32 Notwehr (1) Wer eine Tat begeht, die durch Notwehr geboten ist, handelt nicht rechtswidrig.
* What you (and the stupid German Wiki) say is applied on e.g. possession of Marijuana: it is generally prohibited. But when possessed only for the purpose (and amount) of personal use, then it shall not be prosecuted. But it still can be prosecuted nonetheless, it depends on the prosecutor himself, because it's generally illegal. While self-defence is never illegal, and thus CAN NOT be prosecuted, and not like you implied, could be but will not!
* Hope, that helps.
Stream/Foam
I was seeking information about the difference between OC 'stream' and 'foam' dispensers. Anyone? 18:35, 7 November 2007 (UTC)
* OC is delivered in four different methods: Cone, stream, foam, and one that could fill a room with a cloud of the stuff.
Spray delivered by the cone method acts much like an aerosol can. It starts out small, but by the time it reaches the target at the optimal spray distance (about 4-6ft), it's covering about a 2x2ft area. The chances of you spraying a bystander or fellow officer are increased. I'm pretty sure there are also more issues with blowback from the wind too, but having never used this type, I can't really comment.
Stream and foam are pretty much designed to do the same thing by delivering a concentrated localized blast that's less likely to hit anyone other than your intended target (streams can splash a bit though). A stream can be rendered ineffective if the person delivering it provides a constant blast rather than the recommended one second bursts as the constant supply of oils could wash away the pepper extract before allowing it time to react. Foam sticks though.
The venting type is mainly used for riots. The police wear masks and fire cannisters into crowds.
Hope that helps a little. <IP_ADDRESS> 04:17, 16 November 2007 (UTC)
Picture
I am far from being a politically correct person, but the picture of a white police officer spraying a hispanic man does have a ring of racism. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:56, 12 February 2008 (UTC)
Effectiveness of civilian use
It seems to me like there should be a section on weather people (esp. females) who carry pepper spray for self-defense are actually able to effectively use it when defending themselves to attack. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:29, 16 February 2008 (UTC)
* Indeed, and a section which has a report (if such does exist) of how secure the people feel they are in the countries where pepper spray is legal, in comparison to countries where pepper spray is illegal. Do the people feel more secure, knowing that anyone can be walking around with pepper sprays or do they feel more insecure? And is the pepperspray actually making that country secure? Or does the pepper spray get abused by civilians (and what about minors?) or is it mostly correctly used? And so forth... Mr Mo (talk) 14:39, 9 March 2008 (UTC)
Denmark sentence moved here
This sentence is problematic: "This was introduced following the shooting (and often killing) of a number of mentally ill citizens who had behaved violently or in a threatening manner, leaving the police force in want of a defensive, non-lethal weapon." The sentence contains a dramatic assertion without reference. It falls under this guideline: Verifiability and does not belong in the article written like this. Unless clear documentation of this can be cited, it cannot be supported to have it restored to the article. I had reverted an edit about it but this was disputed, hence moved here for further discussion. --Fremte (talk) 14:59, 26 July 2008 (UTC)
* It is untrue what you write. You reverted my edit. It is plain that the "disputed sentence" was evident before my edit. So you should take up you grievances with whoever introduced it. However, this has been covered in abundance in the Danish press. Feel free to add a "source needed" tag. Otherwise, your arguments are wholly without merit. --Law Lord (talk) 21:47, 26 July 2008 (UTC)
* The sentence has the wrong tone and is in generalities. "often killing" is problematic, If it is in the Danish press then you need to provide a reference. Simple reversion is not appropriate, so you suggested in my talk page. --Fremte (talk) 21:51, 26 July 2008 (UTC)
* Please note that "often killing" is not a phrase I wrote. Rather that phrase was already in the article. However, since the phrase simply states the facts concerning the Danish police, I ask that you please explain why it is problematic to explain the truth. Obviously, you know very little of the Danish police. Otherwise, you might suggest re-phrasing to "extremely often without consequence or regret". Anyway, I have added two refs. There are many more. This discussion is an example of why I find Wikipedia so revolting. Cheers. --Law Lord (talk) 21:54, 26 July 2008 (UTC)
* You would have avoided this whole issue if you had simply added the references in the first place. I have corrected again the grammar error you reverted and added an inline tag. As for finding WP revolting, no one is forcing you to contribute. This is a wording issue now that you have added the citations. We are almost there (that is unless you really find it revolting and have quit). I would suggest that we might be working correctly now per normal collaboration in WP, ignoring some of the manner in which the exchange has gone. It would be best to have "offten killing" replaced by the actual info of how many. --Fremte (talk) 22:08, 26 July 2008 (UTC)
* You are right, and certainly I tend to contribute not so much for the aforementioned reason. However, I sometimes do contribute when certain facts about my area of expertise are presented too far from the truth for me to bear. I hope for your understanding in this. I have now changed the wording per your suggestion, though probably it can be improved upon for a more smooth sound. Cheers --Law Lord (talk) 13:33, 28 July 2008 (UTC)
* I have changed the part about Denmark just now, but I am still not very satisfied with it as it is now. The two cited sources said nothing about what is written in the article, so I removed them. When you add references, please make sure they actually confirm the material. Do not just add some random Danish news article about police and peppersprays just because most people wont be able to read it and decide whether it's relevant or not. I realise this discussion is almost 3 years old, but I hope someone can find a relevant source to reference to. I faintly remember something similar to these stories being mentioned in Danish media in the past, but I haven't been able to find an online source myself as of now. Sandertams (talk) 16:31, 20 May 2011 (UTC)
Apologies. Split needed
Apologies. I moved this article from Pepper Spray to Oleoresin capsicum, when in actual fact, what is needed are two separate articles. Pepper Spray is one use of OC, and is usually a more potent concentration of the chemical compared with other uses. --Rebroad (talk) 16:26, 26 November 2008 (UTC)
* I don't see that either a move or split is necessary. These are the closely-related articles:
* Capsicum: plant genus
* Capsaicin: chemical; see Capsaicin
* Oleoresin capsicum/Pepper spray (this article): specific application (weapon)
* I don't see any content in this article that should be moved to Capsaicin. I support moving this article back to Pepper spray, the most common name. Flatscan (talk) 05:02, 27 November 2008 (UTC)
* The current content is all about pepper spray which can be made from a variety of different compounds. I have moved the article back to pepper spray. Maybe we can create an oleoresin capsicum page as this has many uses outside the weapon area, e.g. as a food ingredient. Cacycle (talk) 05:17, 27 November 2008 (UTC)
* Is there a distinction between capsaicin and oleoresin capsicum? As far as I can tell from the articles, OC is concentrated capsaicin extracted and refined by a specific process. Flatscan (talk) 05:04, 28 November 2008 (UTC)
INIWIC document
<IP_ADDRESS> inserted a large amount of text here, apparently from INIWIC document ALMAR 305-98. It may be usable as a primary source. Flatscan (talk) 04:06, 8 February 2009 (UTC)
Promotional Links
The series of edits represented by this diff smells like link spam to me. However, it seems to me to be relevant enough to leave it alone. I invite other editors' opinions. Mark Shaw (talk) 16:48, 10 March 2009 (UTC)
* I agree. In my experience, online refs for these products tend to be manufacturers' (maybe okay) or resellers' (probably not) websites. I cautiously accept this instance. Flatscan (talk) 04:05, 11 March 2009 (UTC)
Lots of missing cites
Quite a lot of this article is tagged as needing citation. Sometime within the next week I intend to go through and delete any sections/paragraphs which carry a fact tag older than a year - in case any editors want to get a jump on providing these. Mark Shaw (talk) 00:26, 28 March 2009 (UTC)
* It would be more helpful to simply add the sources yourself. We should remove false and misleading content; or rewrite it to adhere to our policies. The rest should be sourced but not under threat of removal. -- Banj e b oi 13:33, 28 March 2009 (UTC)
* The tags I saw are mostly or all in the Pepper spray section, on the individual jurisdictions. I think the information is not valuable enough to leave uncited indefinitely. Flatscan (talk) 23:45, 28 March 2009 (UTC)
* I've seen this happen soooo many times. An entire section is littered with fact tags. To me this is disingenuous as the information isn't untrue as much as presently unsourced inline. I've worked through a few very large lists and almost everything was (surprisingly) accurate just missing inline cites. I'll pitch in to add sources if others will also help. -- Banj e b oi 05:50, 29 March 2009 (UTC)
Photo of Marines
Are you sure that the photo with the marines demonstrating the effects of pepper spray were are not in fact demonstrating the effects of CS gas? That should be determined definitively. Contributions/<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:23, 15 June 2009 (UTC)
While no one could be certain, without having been there when the picture was taken; It was in the 80', 90's and first decade of the 00's extremely uncommon for Marines to do the pad training after CS exposure and VERY common to do pad training as an additional module of Pepper Spray training. Most often only Military Police and certain Security force Marines were involved in exposure to Pepper Spray - due to it's illegality for use in war and to it's availability for use in policing type actions. The pad training was to encourage the MP's and Security Force trainees to understand their level of incapacitation and how quickly they or their target could recover from the use of the agent, as well as giving them the tools to work through the distraction of an accidental exposure in the presence of a hostile person. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Gunny2862 (talk • contribs) 13:24, 21 September 2010 (UTC)
why redirected from bear spray?
Since bear spray, as I understand it, is a good bit more potent than pepper spray, at least the self-defense sort, why is it directed to this page? Seems a separate entry is needed, but I'm not expert.
bleckb —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:42, 26 July 2010 (UTC) Hi, I don't know if you are still here and I wrote a long story on pepper spray, but some defense use pepper sprays are 50% stronger than bear sprays. The UDAP defense spray is 15% OC 3,000,000 SHU and 3% MC or CRC. Bear spray is regulated and has to be at least 1% MC but not over 2%. There is nothing about OC or SHU. The only number they care about is MC — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 01:41, 21 April 2012 (UTC)
Notability of Canadian home/car-defense system story?
Regarding this edit: I don't think it's notable enough to include in the article. Anyone else? Mark Shaw (talk) 17:06, 20 April 2011 (UTC)
* Whether it's "notable" or not (I don't know if individual facts incorporated in an article all have to be notable, that would slow things down around here), it is both interesting and properly cited. I would say it should remain. --CliffC (talk) 17:40, 20 April 2011 (UTC)
Merge Mace into this article
I suggest merging Mace (spray) into this article, since the terms seem to be used interchangeably. The Mace page says "Most Mace sold today by Mace Security International is pepper spray", so it seems sensible to merge these two, as Mace is simply a brand of pepper spray. Gymnophoria (talk) 12:44, 29 June 2011 (UTC)
Chemical Mace is not interchangeable with Pepper Spray. They are two entirely different chemicals that only share a common purpose. If you want to merge pepper spray, chemical mace, tear gas and others into a common defensive aerosol spray article then by all means, but they are not in anyway the same products. In fact, many countries which allow pepper spray, ban Chemical Mace, because of its phenacyl chloride component.
I recommend that the entire overarching subject of lachrymatory agents (tear gas, OC, mace, etc.) be reorganised using Wikipedia's disambiguation facilities. They are all clearly a distinct category of "non-lethal" (albeit damaging) weapons, perhaps even suggesting a higher-order heirarchy of non-lethal weapons within Wikipedia's structure. I believe such an approach would be the most neutral regarding brand names and the varied legal status of these weapons worldwide. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:32, 29 September 2011 (UTC)
Mace is most certainly not synonymous with pepper spray. Mace, a registered trade mark, contains three components: capsicum (the component in pepper that gives its heat), tear gas and a UV dye for identification. There are other such formulations that are sold under different trade names, as well as just pepper spray. Hence, the two terms should not be merged since they are not the same formulas, although they do have a common function. SRQMark (talk) 21:07, 1 November 2011 (UTC)
Allow me to concur that mace not be merged into the pepper spray article. As mace was one of the first commercially available lachrymatory agent it has taken on a generic meaning in common conversation much like kleenix for tissues, etc. However, mace is a specific commercial product and proper noun quite distinct from generic pepper sprays. — Preceding unsigned comment added by ProfKrueger (talk • contribs) 03:36, 29 November 2011 (UTC)
Remove "Death" section and cite #47
Cite #47 mentioned in the "Death" section, the man that dies was Tasered, Pepper Sprayed and Arrested, any of those three or a million other things could have caused his death, so as there is no evidence of anyone dieing from it so far the section should be removed pending such evidence. It would appear from my research that most deaths around pepper spray land up being caused my positional asphyxiation and not merely the spray itself. Again, IF and WHEN such evidence appears and can be properly cited then it can and should be re-added, for example any final report on thie persons death indicating Pepper Spray as the direct cause of death. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 14:55, 24 August 2011 (UTC)
Unregulated citation needed
* In Romania pepper spray is unregulated.[citation needed]
Does anyone else notice how retarded it is to ask for citation about something that is unregulated? Cite what? The nonexistent law on the subject? — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:06, 2 October 2011 (UTC)
Use on peaceful protestors
The events at Occupy UC Davis mean that there has been a lot of editing of this article recently, though thankfully without descending into edit warring. Do we want to mention in the lead section that pepper spray has been used on peaceful protestors or not? I don't think the UC Davis incident is significant enough to mention specifically in the lead, but as I attempted to show in the references for this edit (I'm linking to the revert here since it includes all the relevant content), this was not the first time that pepper spray has been used on peaceful protestors. NotFromUtrecht (talk) 09:08, 22 November 2011 (UTC)
I think that probably falls under crowd control which is already mentioned in the lead in. Any tool can be used inappropriately. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 02:23, 26 November 2011 (UTC)
* I don't think it needs to be listed under "Incidents", either. Now the use of pepper spray in a California Walmart in order to get merchandise during Black Friday may be a more interesting incident. See, for example, http://www.cnn.com/2011/11/26/us/california-pepper-spray-suspect/index.html at CNN. — Arthur Rubin (talk) 22:18, 26 November 2011 (UTC)
* I still think the UC Davis incident is undue weight; however, if included, it should be compared with uses of firearms, water cannons, bean-bag-guns, and/or tear gas against (allegedly) peaceful protesters. — Arthur Rubin (talk) 01:29, 27 November 2011 (UTC)
* The whole "incidents" section should probably be removed and simply link to related articles on incidents worth mentioning. The outcry over the UC Davis incident is enough to warrant its own article, so linking makes sense, but the one line mention isn't. The inaccurate black friday shopping incident definitely is not relevant and should be removed, so I have done so. If there is question about its inaccuracy, it referred to the early story that the woman as using the pepper spray to beat out other shoppers as if thatt were fact. Surveillance videos have since shown it may have been a valid self defense use. http://www.dailynews.com/ci_19426397 Merennulli (talk) 02:39, 29 November 2011 (UTC)
* I don't agree that the UC Davis incident is enough to warrant its own article, but a "See also" link would be acceptable. if it were an article. And I think the initial, although possibly incorrect. interpretation of the "Black Friday" incident is as likely as the interpretation of the UC Davis incident treated here as "fact". WP:NOTNEWS; we can wait for the facts to come in, if there are notable incidents of use of pepper spray.
* I've added an "Off-topic" tag to go with the "undue weight" tag; perhaps that will discourage "expansion" before further discussion can take place. — Arthur Rubin (talk) 15:40, 30 November 2011 (UTC)
* Per NotFromUtrecht, established incidents of use on peaceful protesters might be listed, but we shouldn't use current events unless absolutely necessary and unequivocal. — Arthur Rubin (talk) 15:43, 30 November 2011 (UTC)
* I agree the entire section should be removed. If the individual incident is notable, it may warrant its own article. But, it doesn't fit in this article. We don't list cases of (in)famous shootings in the gun section, or famous stabbings in the page on swords.JoelWhy (talk) 16:24, 13 March 2012 (UTC)
No responses to this, so I'm going to go ahead and remove.JoelWhy (talk) 21:50, 20 March 2012 (UTC)
Add new section? or to existing
Hi, I was trying to chose a pepper spray and was very confused.Seems a lot of hype "marketing" After I learned, I wrote a story on pepper spray
I would like to get in a few points but not sure where they should go.
1) is that some defense sprays are very weak with only .18% Capsaicin & Related Capsaicinoids ,with the stronger ones being 30 times hotter We have all heard the stories about the spray doing noting. These may put a person in danger.
2) That there are three numbers people use to rate the effectiveness of pepper spray, the percent of OC, the SHU and the percent of Capsaicin & Related Capsaicinoids or CRC. A bear spray is required to have at least 1% and not more than 2% Capsaicin & Related Capsaicinoids.
3) some personal use pepper sprays are 50% stronger than bear sprays. (one defense spray is 15% OC 3,000,000 SHU and 3% MC or CRC http://www.udap.com/Clip-On-Commander.htm) Bear spray is regulated and has to be at least 1% MC but not over 2%. There is nothing about OC or SHU. The only number they care about is MC
I think this would be a good place to educate people. ie a 18% OC Spray may mean nothing if the Capsaicin & Related Capsaicinoids are only .24
A 15,000,000 SHU many mean nothing if it's diluted to 2% OC. This is how they fool people Would love help or suggestions Steve — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 02:34, 21 April 2012 (UTC)
a notice
also pepper sprays are suitable for self defence of disabled persons — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A02:587:7C02:3700:D472:F69D:25BD:5 (talk) 19:38, 18 April 2016 (UTC)
Legaility in Europe Plagiarism Problems
I was just working on trying to find sources for a few of the uncited parts of the legality section of this article, and I stumbled upon this, which it appears to me most of the legality in Europe section is directly copied from. This constitutes plagiarism, so everything copied from there needs to be rewritten and cited. It looks like this section was badly in need of additional references anyway. I'll start working on trying to clean this section up as I have time, mostly just wanted to let others know. Buffalo82 (talk) 05:09, 19 November 2017 (UTC)
* Obviously that site is an uncredited copy of the WP original.
* Archive.org's first capture of it is September 2016 . Note the "Pepper spray is illegal[41] " (orphaned citation link) under United Kingdom and the "[citation needed]" for Malta. This, even the changed citation numbering between then and now, matches the WP article. Andy Dingley (talk) 20:19, 19 November 2017 (UTC)
Alright, thanks. I'll leave it alone then. Buffalo82 (talk) 16:15, 28 November 2017 (UTC)
Notable use by law enforcement
[All the torture in jails and prisons and documented deaths of restrained peppered and even pepper masked individuals.] — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:50, 20 May 2020 (UTC)
Source?
It says, "The European Parliament Scientific and Technological Options Assessment (STOA) published in 1998 'An Appraisal of Technologies of Political Control' " but the document linked to from 2000 has that title only as a subtitle, and does not include the exact words that are quoted. I don't doubt that they were in that report. The 2000 report says for instance that "OC is the most potent of all of the commonly available riot control irritants". But maybe either change (or remove) the link or change the quote so that it corresponds to the document that is linked to. Maybe remove the link and add an additional quote from the new document so that people are aware of that resource.
--<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 13:29, 3 June 2020 (UTC)
Chicken or egg dilemma
The article on pepper spray claims it was originally invented to fend off bears - as bear spray - while the article on bear spray claims the idea for bear spray came from commercial pepper sprays. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 13:59, 2 August 2022 (UTC) | WIKI |
Rob Bartlett
Robert James Bartlett (born May 18, 1957) is an American comedian, actor, impressionist, and writer, who gained widespread fame on the radio show Imus in the Morning.
Imus in the Morning
Bartlett appeared on the 'Imus in the Morning' show beginning in the spring of 1987, first on New York City's WNBC-AM (660) radio then WFAN-AMradio, WABC-AM (770) radio as a regular writer and performer until the program's final broadcast on March 29, 2018. His earlier characters included Tom Carvel, Manuel Antonio Noriega, fictional comedians "Shecky Bhuta' and "Buddy" Miyagi", In the years on the show, some of his characters included: The Godfather, Andrew Dice Clay, Dr. Phil McGraw, Rush Limbaugh, Paula Deen, Larry King, Bill Clinton, Gary Busey, Hulk Hogan, Brian Wilson (of the Beach Boys), Ringo Starr, Bob Dylan, Yoko Ono, and Rodrigo Duterte. Not all of his characters consist of celebrity caricatures. One long-running recurring character was named Blind Mississippi White Boy Pig Feets Dupris, an old blues musician from Louisiana. His first character on the show was 'Sal Monella', a Brooklyn 'Gavonne', whose 'Night Before Christmas in Brooklyn' poem has become a holiday tradition for the past 30 years.
Career
Bartlett started in stand-up comedy at Richard M. Dixon's White House Inn, a talent showcase club on Long Island. While working there, he met Eddie Murphy, and together formed two-thirds of the improvisational trio The Identical Triplets. After the two separated, he headlined at the Sands Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas, Tropicana Casino & Resort Atlantic City, Mohegan Sun and Foxwoods Resort Casino. He also appeared as a stand-up comedian on the MTV Half Hour Comedy Hour, Standup Spotlight on VH1 and on Late Night with David Letterman and Conan O'Brien. For a brief stint in 1993, Bartlett was one of the three original hosts of the World Wrestling Federation's Monday Night Raw, along with Randy 'Macho Man' Savage and Vince McMahon. His commentary was poorly received, as he had little knowledge of the wrestling business. His final appearance on the professional wrestling program was April 19, 1993 and was released by Bobby Heenan.
He is also a stage actor. He made his Broadway debut in More to Love, which he wrote and starred in, with Dana Reeve and Joyce Van Patten. In 1999 he starred in Tabletop, for which he received a Drama Desk Award. His Broadway roles include Amos Hart in Chicago the Musical, Herman in Sweet Charity with Christina Applegate, originated the role of Mr. Mushnik in the Broadway production of Little Shop of Horrors, Speed in the Nathan Lane/Matthew Broderick revival of Neil Simon's The Odd Couple.
On Network Television, Bartlett had a recurring role as Defense Attorney Milton Schoenfeld on Law & Order SVU, where, among his clients were Margo Kidder and Henry Winkler. He also played 'Troy the Security Guard' in the series 'Ugly Betty'. He guest-starred in a three-episode story arc as Bond Attorney, Bernie Bucovitz, on the final season of The Good Wife.
Rob wrote and starred in the Public Television special, Rob Bartlett's Not For Profit T.V. Special, produced by Connecticut Public Television (CPTV), was nominated for five Emmy Awards and won for Best Writing and Best Entertainment Program.
He was one of the writers and performers of 'The Ruthless Spectator' Sketch Comedy Website, and 'Ruthless Spectator Presents', a sketch comedy series created from the website, on Amazon Prime Video.
He was co-writer and star of 'Dr. Mantis Insect Analyst', an animated short in which he voiced the character of 'Fred the Caterpillar'. 'Mantis' won many laurels on the Domestic and International Film Festival Circuits and won 'Best Animated Short' in the Nice Film Festival in 2018.
He was also the voice of Marty the Dog in the hit animated children's show Kenny the Shark.
His feature film roles include Table One, Spin the Bottle, voiced Boss Baker Bunny in the animated film "The Easter Egg Adventure", and portrayed Rick the Cantanierous Nightclub Owner in 'All in Time"
In 2011, Bartlett returned to Broadway in the revival of How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying, starring Daniel Radcliffe. Bartlett played the dual roles of 'Twimble' and 'Wally Womper'. .
On the final season of Elementary in Summer 2019, Bartlett played the recurring character of 'Captain Bill Dwyer' in a 5-Episode Story Arc.
Bartlett continues to make appearances in venues throughout the United States.
He is an advocate, fundraiser, board member, and trustee of The Long Island Crohn's and Colitis Foundation. Both he and one of his sons suffer from Crohn's.
Personal
Bartlett attended Alfred University in New York State during the late 70's. He lives on Long Island with his wife Sharon and their four sons. | WIKI |
Hoanib
The Hoanib is one of the 12 ephemeral seasonal rivers in the west of Namibia, where it used to be the border between northern Damaraland and Kaokoland. Its length is 27 km. With the low population density in the area, the oasis character of the river valley and the relatively high wildlife population of the Hoanib, like in the case of the Hoarusib, its valley is one of the last true wilderness areas in Namibia. One of the last settlements of desert elephants, it is characterised by strong wind and water eroded, weathered stone deposits (up to 10 m height). Inflows of Hoanib are Aap River, Otjitaimo River, Ombonde, Ganamub, Mudorib and Tsuxub.
Hydrology
The Hoanib's catchment area (including its tributaries) is estimated to be between 15760 and 17200 km2. It extends from the west coast to Ojiovasando and the Black Peaks of the interior. It also includes the resource-rich region Sesfontein, Warmquelle and the Khowarib Gorge. The highest point of the watershed is at 1800 m. The rainfall in the catchment area is sporadic and varies from zero in the west to 325 mm per year in the northeast. The proportion of area with less than 100 mm per year is 71 percent. In only 12 percent of the catchment area is the annual rainfall over 300 mm per year. The Hoanib flows only every few years from heavy rainfall in the hinterland of the catchment area, but then the flood wave can be several meters high and may last for several days. Not always, but more often in recent years, the water reaches the mouth in the Atlantic. A large part of the water seeps into and contributes to a large dense subsurface aquifer from the exits at various points in the river bed, so that even in dry years there is groundwater. Surrounding groundwater forms efflorescence used by many antelope as salt licks. During dry periods the Hoanib desert elephant dig deep holes to reach the near-surface groundwater.
Flora and vegetation
The vegetation of the catchment comprises mainly Mopane savanna (87%) and the northern Namib, at 13%. Some larger collections of Ana trees (Faidherbia albida), Leadwood (Combretum imberbe), Mopane (Colophospermum mopane), Camel Thorn (Acacia erioloba), Salvadora and Euclea are found in the gallery forests. Often several meters high, sour grasses and reeds grow in the wetlands.
With its gallery forests and the larger wetlands in the Khowarib gorge, in a flood area east of Sesfontein and the lower reaches and mouth area, the Hoanib is a linear oasis in the otherwise arid surroundings, providing livelihood for a rich wildlife. In addition to larger populations of many species of antelope found in the lower reaches of the Hoanib, are also a large number of desert elephants (about 35 individuals), rhinos, giraffes, as well as several lion prides, and smaller predators.
Use and settlement
91% of the catchment area is on Communal Land in tribal government; 3% is on privately owned land over 12 farms and 6% is in the range of the Skeleton Coast National Park. The population is estimated at around 9200. Settlement centers are Sesfontein and Warmquelle and Otjivasando. The land use is predominantly pastoral. Individual and adventure tourism is becoming important there. West of Sesfontein, the Hoanib Valley belongs to the concession area of Desert Adventure Safaris. The increasing tourism, but also the grazing pressure of the local population and the greed of mining pose a growing threat to this unique ecosystem. | WIKI |
Why Shares of First Republic, Truist, and US Bancorp Got Creamed in March
What happened
Shares of many regional banks sold off heavily in March after the collapse of three U.S. banks in less than a week's time sent a jolt through the industry and left investors quite uncertain about the future.
Between Feb. 28 and March 31, shares of First Republic (NYSE: FRC) fell an astounding more than 88%, according to data from S&P Global Market Intelligence.
Meanwhile, shares of the fifth-largest bank in the country by assets, US Bancorp (NYSE: USB), fell close to 25%, while shares of the seventh-largest bank in the U.S., Truist Financial (NYSE: TFC), fell by more than 27%.
Image source: Getty Images.
So what
In the first half of March, there was a string of U.S. bank collapses. First, Silvergate Capital, after experiencing a significant run of deposits among its crypto clients at the end of 2022 and the beginning of this year, announced it would wind down its operations and liquidate its assets.
Then Silicon Valley Bank, part of SVB Financial, was taken into receivership by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. (FDIC) after it saw $42 billion in deposit outflows in a single day, with more being requested the next day. A few days later, regulators announced that Signature Bank had also been closed, and it was eventually put into FDIC receivership. Shortly after these events, Credit Suisse was forced into an acquisition by regulators after it looked like the bank might collapse itself.
These events have undoubtedly rocked the entire sector and had bank investors looking hard at the amount of uninsured deposits a bank has and unrealized losses in their bond portfolios, which are two of the big issues that led to the demise of the three U.S. banks.
First Republic has likely experienced the most trouble of any bank that hasn't yet failed. The bank had a lot of uninsured deposits and billions of unrealized bond losses. It also operates in a similar location and had some client overlap with SVB Financial.
Media outlets reported that First Republic experienced an incredible $70 billion in deposit outflows. Borrowings at the bank surged in mid-March, and 11 of the largest U.S. banks injected $30 billion of deposits into First Republic.
Most regional banks have been sold off since all the chaos started, but there have been concerns about US Bancorp and Truist because of the amount of unrealized bond losses these banks have in their held-to-maturity (HTM) bond portfolio.
As the name suggests, HTM bonds are those a bank intends to hold to maturity, so their gains and losses are not incorporated into a bank's equity calculation each quarter. These bond portfolios are currently underwater right now because bond values have been crushed by rising interest rates. As long as the bonds don't have to be sold, banks are able to recoup the losses once the bonds mature or as bond yields come down. But if deposit outflows accelerate and these banks have to sell the bonds at a loss, they could wipe out a significant amount of shareholder equity.
At the end of 2022, US Bancorp was sitting on $10.9 billion in unrealized HTM losses relative to its $29.7 billion of tangible common equity. Meanwhile, Truist was sitting on $9.9 billion of unrealized losses relative to its $23.9 billion of tangible common equity. Both banks have a higher amount of unrealized losses relative to their peer group.
Now what
Although First Republic is still hanging in there and may survive, I am still worried about the bank because I think its earnings could be in real trouble. First Republic has likely had to replace the deposits that left the bank with higher-cost funding, and the bank does not have a high-yielding loan portfolio or a very asset-sensitive balance sheet. As such, I would avoid the stock.
While the environment is still somewhat uncertain, I feel much better about US Bancorp and Truist because both have huge, well-diversified deposit bases that I do not believe will experience a material run. As such, I view these two names as buying opportunities, although as I've said in the past, it likely makes sense to start with a smaller position and build from there as things become more clear.
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Talk:Statue of Jefferson Davis (U.S. Capitol)/Archive 1
Requested move 4 November 2020
Moved as proposed. There is a clear policy-based consensus that the page should be moved away from its current title, and within that, most editors either favor or are not specifically opposed to the proposed title in the current state of affairs. What title should be used if the location of the statue changes in the future is a question for the future. BD2412 T 16:15, 21 November 2020 (UTC)
Jefferson Davis (Lukeman) → Statue of Jefferson Davis (U.S. Capitol) – Per WP:VAMOS, which says, " See also: Category:Statues of Jefferson Davis -- Another Believer ( Talk ) 04:09, 4 November 2020 (UTC)
* Support per nom. -- Necrothesp (talk) 12:26, 4 November 2020 (UTC)
* Oppose "U.S. Capitol". That's an awful disambiguation, especially when the quoted text by the nom says to use the name of the city. Use the name of the city and I'll support. --Gonnym (talk) 19:47, 4 November 2020 (UTC)
* The style Statue of Jefferson Davis (Washington, D.C.) would suggest an outdoor statue. While it's admittedly unlikely that the Confederate president would have such a statue in Washington, D.C., there should be a consistent style for all the 100+ statues inside the U.S. Capitol, and this style balances brevity with ease of identification. Ham II (talk) 20:40, 10 November 2020 (UTC)
* Comment [changed to a Support]: I support the principle behind this RM, but this statue might soon be removed from the Capitol. I think the most appropriate title then would be Statue of Jefferson Davis (ex–U.S. Capitol) – with a dash not a hyphen, per MOS:PREFIXDASH. Worth holding fire on renaming the article until we know the statue's fate? Ham II (talk) 20:40, 10 November 2020 (UTC)
* , What about Statue of Jefferson Davis (National Statuary Hall Collection)? The statue will always be associated with the collection, regardless of location. Open to moving again once fate is determined. --- Another Believer ( Talk ) 22:04, 10 November 2020 (UTC)
* If it'll always be associated with the National Statuary Hall Collection, it'll also always be associated with the U.S. Capitol to the same degree – i.e. someone aware of the statue's history will associate it with those things. CThomas3's rationale below seems like a good reason to support the move, though. Ham II (talk) 18:02, 17 November 2020 (UTC)
* Support per nom. Prefer U.S. Capitol disambiguator to Washington, D.C. per Ham II. Oppose ex-U.S. Capitol per WP:CRYSTAL; the House passed its legislation four months ago, and the Senate has yet to act or indicate that it plans to. The statue could very well remain at the Capitol for years if not indefinitely. If and when the statue moves, we can consider a new move request. C Thomas3 (talk) 08:23, 11 November 2020 (UTC)
| WIKI |
These High-Yield Stocks Make Their Managers Rich
As high-yield business development companies report earnings, fees are taking center stage. Many BDCs are slashing their distributions to shareholders, even as they pay more and more money to their management teams.
Loyal BDC investors see it as acceptable treatment. After all, managers with Ivy League credentials are not cheap. And managing a portfolio of private debt is much harder than buying bonds from the public market, so one should only expect higher fee levels to compensate the costs of running the fund. That's a generally fair assessment, but I think it lacks perspective on what fees are really costing the investor.
Looking at fees in a different light
Rather than looking at fees in absolute terms, I think the high cost of management fees should be explored through a different lens. How much of the company's assets are at work for the sole purpose of paying management?
We first have to assemble a table of where each dollar of total investment income (essentially top-line revenue; abbreviated as TII) actually goes.
Source: SEC filings for the fourth calendar quarter of 2014
The table shows clearly that roughly half of a BDC's total investment income flows to expenses and management fees. The other half flows through to shareholders in the form of earnings, which are paid out as dividends.
Putting fees in perspective
Let's use Fifth Street Finance as an example. You can buy its shares for roughly $7.06 at the time of writing, a big discount to its per-share book value of $9.17.
That seems like an excellent deal, until you look at how much money is actually working for you. If you multiply the percentage of total investment income that becomes profits (46.1%) by the current net asset value ($9.17), you find that only about $4.23 of net assets per share are at risk to produce returns for shareholders. The remaining assets are at risk to pay the bills -- the management team and the direct expenses of keeping its doors open.
You could say that investors are paying $7.06 per share for the value created by just $4.23 in book value.
In effect, the external manager owns three-tenths of the economic value created by Fifth Street Finance without putting a single dollar of its own capital at risk. Management fees tallied to a whopping $22.76 million last quarter alone. Shareholders, who bear all the risk, collectively enjoyed net investment income of $35.17 million.
Is that fair? Well, that's up to you to decide. But I think that if you are responsible for 100% of the risk and receive less than half of the proceeds, you might be getting a very raw deal, indeed.
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Pikelet
Pikelet may refer to:
* a regional name for a crumpet
* a small pancake in Australia and New Zealand
* the stage name of Australian musician Evelyn Morris | WIKI |
Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States (231 F. Supp. 393)/Opinion of the Court
Before Tuttle, Circuit Judge, and Hooper and Morgan, District Judges.
Per curiam.
This is a complaint filed by Heart of Atlanta Motel, a large downtown motel in the city of Atlanta, regularly catering to out of state guests, praying for a declaratory judgment and injunction to prevent the Attorney General of the United States from exercising powers granted to him under the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. § 1971, as amended. The suit also attempts to obtain recovery from the United States for substantial damages alleged to result from a partial taking of the complainant's property without just compensation.
Conceding, as it does, that it is regularly engaged in renting sleeping accommodations to out of town guests, seventy-five percent of whom come from without the state of Georgia, and that it "has refused and intends to refuse to rent sleeping accommodations to persons desiring said accommodations, for several different reasons, one of which is based on the grounds of race, unless ordered by this Court to comply with the provisions of the Civil Rights Act of 1964," the suit attacks the constitutionality of the public accommodations sections of the Civil Rights Act as applied to such a motel.
Since this is a suit seeking an injunction against the enforcement of a Federal statute on the alleged grounds that it is in violation of the United States Constitution, a three-judge court was convened as provided for in 28 U.S.C. § 2282.
The Attorney General filed a counterclaim seeking, on behalf of the United States, a temporary and permanent injunction against future violation of the Civil Rights Act by the plaintiff. The case was set down for hearing, and after the introduction of oral testimony on behalf of the United States, the signing of stipulations between the parties, and oral statement made by counsel for the plaintiff in open court, it appeared that no factual issues remained. The parties also conceded in open court that the matter might be treated as a hearing on the petition for the final permanent injunction.
In the first place, the claim of the plaintiff for damages against the United States on the alleged ground of deprivation of property without just compensation alleges no grounds for relief, entirely aside from the question whether such alleged deprivation would be justified by reason of the power of Congress to enact this particular legislation. This is so, because such a claim for damages or recovery for value of property taken by the Federal Government must be asserted in the United States Court of Claims unless the amount sought is not in excess of $10,000. However, in the view we take of the law, such a suit is not maintainable in any event.
The real question presented by this complaint and counterclaim is whether Section 201(a), (b)(1) and (c) is constitutional.
[p395] In substance, this section of Title II declares the right of every person to full and equal enjoyment of the goods, services and facilities of any hotel or motel which provides lodging to transient guests if it contains more than five rooms for rent or hire. The section is a congressional ascertainment and declaration of the fact that such "an establishment affect(s) commerce within the meaning of this title."
Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution provides:
""Clause 1: The Congress shall have Power Clause 3: To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian tribes;" and Clause 18: "To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers ""
In United States v. Darby, 312 U.S. 100, 118, the Supreme Court said:
""The power of Congress over interstate commerce is not confined to the regulation of commerce among the states. It extends to those activities intrastate which so affect interstate commerce or the exercise of the power of Congress over it as to make regulation of them appropriate means to the attainment of a legitimate end, the exercise of the grant of power of Congress to regulate interstate commerce. See McCulloch v. Maryland, 4 Wheat. 316, 421.""
Thus, it need not be decided whether the outlawing of racial discrimination by a hotel accepting transient guests may be justified on the ground that it is actually in the stream of commerce. The power of Congress, when that body seeks to occupy the full extent of its powers under the Constitution, "extends to those activities intrastate which so affect interstate commerce as to make regulation of them appropriate means to the exercise of the grant of power of Congress to regulate interstate commerce." Of course, the initial determination of whether the challenged regulation is such "appropriate means" is for Congress. Courts may not overturn such determination unless they conclude that under no reasonable theory could Congress find them "appropriate to the attainment" of its power to regulate commerce.
This Court, as recently as July 10, 1964, in the case of Marriott Hotels of Atlanta, Inc. v. Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc., C.A. No. 8832, 232 F. Supp. 270, held that the operations of Heart of Atlanta Motel (1) are in the stream of commerce, and that, in any event, (2) such operations affect commerce so as to subject it to Congressional regulation under the Sherman Antitrust Act. It being undisputed that in the adoption of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Congress has seen fit to exercise its full power as granted it under the Constitution the scope of its operation in this field must, therefore, be taken to be at least as broad as that which it exercised in the adoption of the Sherman Act. Its scope is, therefore, also as broad as in the legislation affecting labor relations under the National Labor Relations Act. It is broader than that exercised by Congress in its regulation of wages and hours of services under the Wage and Hour laws.
In the specific field of hotel operations, the Supreme Court has ruled that the National Labor Relations Board could not lawfully follow a policy of refusing to take jurisdiction over unfair labor practices and other labor disputes in hotels and motels as a class. Hotel Employees Local No. 255, etc. v. Leedom, 358 U.S. 99. Following that decision, the Court of Appeals of this judicial circuit in [p396] N.L.R.B. v. Citizens Hotel Co., 5 Cir., 313 F.2d 708, overruled a contention by the Citizens Hotel Company, operator of the Texas Hotel in Fort Worth, Texas, that its operations did not fall within the constitutional reach of the National Labor Relations Act because it was not either engaged in commerce, nor did its operations affect commerce. In arriving at that decision the court referred to the Supreme Court's opinion in National Labor Relations Board v. Reliance Fuel Oil Corp., 371 U.S. 224. That case dealt with an attack by the local fuel oil corporation on the jurisdiction of the Labor Board because, while most of the products sold by Reliance had been acquired from Gulf Oil Corporation and had been delivered to it from without the state of New York, they nevertheless had been received and stored in the state before sales were made to Reliance. It was thus contended that Reliance was not engaged in commerce nor were its operations such as to affect commerce within the constitutional sense. The Supreme Court said:
""That activities such as those of Reliance affect commerce and are within the constitutional reach of Congress is beyond doubt. See e.g., Wickard v. Filburn, 317 U.S. 111.""
The opinion also significantly quoted from the court's earlier decision in Polish National Alliance v. National Labor Relations Board, 322 U.S. 643 where, at page 648, it had said:
""Congress has explicitly regulated not merely transactions or goods in interstate commerce but activities which in isolation might be deemed to be merely local but in the interlacings of business across state lines adversely affect such commerce.""
It is clear that the attack by the complainant on the constitutionality of these sections of the Civil Rights Act must fail. It is equally clear that the United States is entitled to the injunction prayed for by it in its counterclaim. An injunction will issue in the following terms:
The plaintiff, Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc., a corporation, its successors, officers, attorneys, agents and employees, together with all persons in active concert or participation with them, are hereby enjoined from:
So that the plaintiff may have an opportunity to prepare its record for appeal and, if so advised, seek a stay of this order, it is ordered that the foregoing injunction shall become effective twenty (20) days from the date hereof, on, to-wit, the 11th day of August, 1964. | WIKI |
Talk:rape
RFC
Spanish: needs splitting by etymology. ​—msh210℠ (talk) 18:52, 27 October 2010 (UTC)
* ✅ —Ruakh TALK 20:21, 27 October 2010 (UTC)
* Double-check, if you don't mind. ​—msh210℠ (talk) 20:28, 27 October 2010 (UTC)
* Oops. Now done for real. —Ruakh TALK 20:57, 27 October 2010 (UTC)
* Thanks. ​—msh210℠ (talk) 14:48, 28 October 2010 (UTC)
Centuries
* 1) To seize by force. (Now often with overtones of later senses.) [from 14th c.]
* 2) (transitive) To carry (someone, especially a woman) off against their will, especially for sex; to abduct. [from 15th c.]
* 3) (transitive) To force sexual intercourse or other sexual activity upon (someone) without their consent. [from 16th c.]
* 4) (transitive) To plunder, to destroy or despoil. [from 17th c.]
Do we have any data to support that these were the centuries the words originated from? What is the source of these century labels?
I ask because I find it odd that forced sexual activity precedes plunder/destroy/despoil. The latter seems like a more natural extension of the 'abduct/carry off' usage. Etym (talk) 10:13, 10 May 2013 (UTC)
* It's confirmed by the OED (entry updated 2008). First citation for forced sex is from 1574; for plunder/despoil, 1673. Ƿidsiþ 10:15, 10 May 2013 (UTC)
* 20th century is 1900s, so 1574 is 16th century. However I think it would be good to list the specific year in every case, and what publication the year is based on. Not just trust OED. <IP_ADDRESS> 07:39, 7 July 2015 (UTC)
Order
Why not put the most used senses first (not last). Mglovesfun (talk) 11:48, 15 June 2013 (UTC)
* Traditional rape laws have been sex specific, specifying that only women can be victims of rape, and only men can be rapists. Historically, the term has meant a man putting his penis in a woman's vagina against her will. Women don't have penises, so I don't think they could be rapists. I think the traditional definition should go in first. PaulBustion88 (talk) 02:35, 24 April 2015 (UTC)
* Well that's going to open a massive can of worms. Why would we put the "historical" definition before the current one? Users presumably want the current definition when they use our site. Equinox ◑ 02:38, 24 April 2015 (UTC)
* I think ‘forced sex’ has always been the primary meaning. Older legal frameworks perhaps did not accept that women could force sex, for whatever physiological and sociological reasons, but I don't think the gender of the participants was ever an inherent part of the definition. Ƿidsiþ 06:39, 24 April 2015 (UTC)
* I remember using Encarta in middle school and high school, and it stated, "Traditional rape laws were gender specific, specifying that only women could be victims of rape and only men could be rapists." It stated that was still the case in most states. It stated, some jurisdictions had passed sex neutral rape laws, and added, "in these jurisdictions it is possible, although unlikely, for a woman to be charged with raping a man."--PaulBustion88 (talk) 16:48, 25 April 2015 (UTC)
* In the UK the law states "he intentionally penetrates the vagina, anus or mouth of another person (B) with his penis,", therefore all rapists must be male, but it makes no comment as to the gender of the victims. Renard Migrant (talk) 17:19, 25 April 2015 (UTC)
* Back on-topic; our first definition is "One of the six former administrative divisions of Sussex, England." That is most certainly NOT the most used definition of rape. In fact, I'd never heard of it until I read this entry. Renard Migrant (talk) 17:21, 25 April 2015 (UTC)
* As to my main point, I think that the traditional definition, a man penetrating a woman against her will or with no consent, should be listed as one of the definitions. Is there anything wrong with adding it?--PaulBustion88 (talk) 19:30, 25 April 2015 (UTC)
* Your added definition:- "sexual penentration ..." seems to me to be essentially the same as "the act of forcing sexual intercourse ...". Also, I don't see how this definition is supported by the following citation from Tolkein. SemperBlotto (talk) 19:57, 25 April 2015 (UTC)
* The Tolkien quotation being underneath this one was clearly a mistake, so I moved it back under the previous definition. The point is for this definition that a man has to be the rapist for the definition to apply. I don't know whether I support having specific sub-senses for the laws of particular jurisdictions, and I feel that might be a topic better suited for Wikipedia. But this might be a significant enough deviation from the first sense, so I don't know. —Internoob 20:10, 25 April 2015 (UTC)
* My point was not to list every states' rape law. My point was generally for the term "rape" to apply, it has to be a man who is the rapist, in the common use of the word. Renard Migrant said that the term pedophilia should include the common, incorrect definition of the term to mean any sexual attraction towards or interaction with a minor (i.e. under 18) by a an adult (i.e. 18 or older). That is the most common use of the word, but it is not correct because the term is actually a medical term with a more specific definition, I'm not going to try to change that, but if we're going by how words are commonly used, I'm quite certain that the most common use of the word rape is with a man as the only possible perpetrator and woman as the only possible victim. When I was in ninth grade, I used the word rape to refer to forced homosexual intercourse, and was mocked and told "You can't rape another man." Rape has traditionally been a legal term, and it traditionally meant a man penetrating a woman without her consent and against her will. I'm fine with leaving the newer, more politically correct definition in, but I think we should also include the older, more common, and more accurate definition as a separate entry. I'm not suggesting we include individual laws, I'm suggesting we separate out the original more specific sense of the word into its own definition. --PaulBustion88 (talk) 20:18, 25 April 2015 (UTC)
* That leads to overlapping senses (where some acts would be rape according to sense 1 and sense 2). The less clumsy and redundant way to do that, as you already seemed to guess, is to have one sense that is qualified (as now: "X, originally conceived as Y"). Equinox ◑ 21:47, 25 April 2015 (UTC)
* In the pedophilia entry the same overlapping senses also happen. Because the medical definition of sexual attraction to prepubescent children is included, but the popular, mistaken definition of anyone 18 or older being sexually attracted to/sexually interacting with anyone 17 or younger is also included. Those are overlapping because an 18 year old being sexually attracted to an 8 year old would meet both definitions, but Renard Migrant still insisted and I reluctantly accepted including the popular, mistaken definition also. If we can allow overlapping definitions in one term, why not in another? --PaulBustion88 (talk) 22:58, 25 April 2015 (UTC)
* You obviously have a deep emotional connection to this topic, and an agenda, and I suggest you avoid editing it. You can probably see why that is a good idea. You might also want to consider why Wikipedia banned you. Equinox ◑ 00:02, 28 April 2015 (UTC)
* I have not edit warred, and I'm a man, so I have no reason to have an emotional connection to the rape topic. I don't have an agenda. I can see that my editing needs to be more careful though. --PaulBustion88 (talk) 01:00, 28 April 2015 (UTC)
* If you think "I'm a man" has anything to do with rape then you are a lunatic. Equinox ◑ 01:06, 28 April 2015 (UTC)
* You seem to be saying that I'm emotionally offended by the idea women can be rapists. I'm not a woman, and I'm opposed to feminism also, so I'm not really pro-woman either. That's my point. I'm not trying to change the rape article anymore, if people want to believe that women can commit rape in the same sense men do, I guess I can't stop them from doing it. I'm done with this debate. --PaulBustion88 (talk) 01:14, 28 April 2015 (UTC)
* I talked to my sister today and she explained to me that I was wrong and I accept it, rape is a sex neutral term, I'm going to edit rape and all related topics neutrally and I understand I was mistaken to think only women could be victims and only men could be rapists.--PaulBustion88 (talk) 08:19, 30 April 2015 (UTC)
new rape
Joe Rogan coined this term beginning 3:10 here https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l4WBx5SBOos&t=3m10s until 3:30
Rather than listing it as a new definition here I wonder if "new rape" should have its own page to describe the concept of sex for which consent was received but then (after sex stopped) called rape based on accusations of deception. <IP_ADDRESS> 07:39, 7 July 2015 (UTC)
* We don't add new inventions or propaganda. If it catches on and meets WT:CFI we could add it at some future time. Equinox ◑ 11:55, 7 July 2015 (UTC)
derived terms
Would base rape or spawn rape be appropriate to list? They're popular terms in online FPS games between teams with defensive bases or known respawn points. Ranze (talk) 10:07, 1 February 2016 (UTC)
* Possibly, but recent gaming slang may be hard to attest per WT:CFI. For example, a YouTube video or blog isn't durably archived so can't be used as a source. Equinox ◑ 12:58, 1 February 2016 (UTC)
Legal Elements
These sources discuss the legal elements: p.3-4p.4p.1166 --Geographyinitiative (talk) 13:52, 20 July 2023 (UTC)
tangled etymology again
As with sap we have a subsense of noun etymology 1 (currently sense 5), Movement, as in snatching; haste; hurry. This is very similar to etymology 3 To make haste; to hasten or hurry. (verb) and its noun Haste; precipitancy; a precipitate course. Could it be that e1s5 is actually from e3? I put this here instead of on the Etymology scriptorium as i think this is of lesser importance and also more likely to be ultimately unknowable. — Soap — 08:44, 23 August 2023 (UTC) | WIKI |
Moses Bailey House
The Moses Bailey House is a historic house at 209 Winthrop Center Road in the Winthrop Center village of Winthrop, Maine. Built about 1853, with additional Italianate styling added in 1870, it is one of Winthrop's finest surviving mid 19th-century farm houses. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. It has been divided into apartments and is known as Bailey Manor.
Description and history
The Moses Bailey House stands on the west side of Winthrop Center Road (Maine State Route 135), just north of St. Andrews Episcopal Church. It is a typical New England connected farmstead, with a main house connected to a barn via two ells, all stretched along the road. The main facade of the house faces east, toward the road. The main block is $2 1/2$ stories in height, with a side gable roof topped by a square Italianate cupola with rounded-arch windows. The main facade is five bays wide, with corner pilasters and a center entrance sheltered by a porch with square columns, and a polygonal bay window above. A cross-gable rises above that bay, with a small round-arch window at its center. The southern facade has a two-story polygonal bay window on the right side. The first ell is two stories in height, with a single-story shed-roof porch across its front, and the second ell is $1 1/2$ stories in height. The attached barn has been converted to residential used.
The house was built about 1853 by Moses Bailey, a prominent local businessman who was an early manufacturer of oil cloth floor coverings. Originally Greek Revival in style, in 1870 Bailey made the alterations the give the house its Italianate character. The house has been divided into apartments. | WIKI |
lab.si
Developers
Use the lab.si IP lookup API to quickly and simply integrate IP geolocation into your script or website. Save yourself the hassle of setting up local GeoIP libraries and having to remember to regularly update the data.
we can get api for very usefull stuff:
......................................
- currencies
- phone codes
- geocoding, streets, cities, countries
- http://www.localeplanet.com/api/auto/dfs.html
- weather,
- useragents,
- translator,
- keyword suggest tool
- ipinfo
- subnet mask calculator (IP Subnet Calculator)
- check mx, dmarc, dkim, spf, ns, ping (domain full)
- *.tld check (url::parser('Яндекс.РФ'))
- IDN (punny code) convert to UTF8 or ASCII
- ** later: vpn/proxy detect ip
Random User Agent
When called from the command line or a script we will return a JSON response with all of the IP details that you see on the website. You can pass in the IP you're interested in, or ommit it to get details about your own IP.
You are using CommonCrawl 2.0
random (Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/5351 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/15.0.824.0 Safari/5351)
computer (ver. 2.8.22) [CCBot/2.0 (https://commoncrawl.org/faq/)]
Full IP Details
When called from the command line or a script we will return a JSON response with all of the IP details that you see on the website. You can pass in the IP you're interested in, or ommit it to get details about your own IP.
$ curl lab.si/8.8.8.8
{
"ip": "8.8.8.8",
"hostname": "google--dns-a.google.com",
"loc": "37.385999999999996,-122.0838",
"org": "AS15169 Google Inc.",
"city": "Mountain View",
"region": "California",
"country": "US",
"phone": 650
}
We do a little bit of magic on the server to determine if we should send the JSON response or the webpage. We usually get it right, but if you're seeing the webpage instead of the JSON (or want to check the JSON output in a browser) you can force the JSON response by adding /json to the end of the URL, eg:
http://lab.si/json for your own IP
http://lab.si/8.8.8.8/json for details on another IP
Specific fields
If you're only interested in specific details you can add a field to get a plain text response that includes just the field you're after.
$ curl lab.si/8.8.8.8/org
AS15169 Google Inc.
$ curl lab.si/8.8.8.8/city
Mountain View
You can also specify /geo to get just the geolocation information, which will often be faster than getting the full response.
$ curl lab.si/8.8.8.8/geo
{
"ip": "8.8.8.8",
"loc": "37.385999999999996,-122.0838",
"city": "Mountain View",
"region": "California",
"country": "US",
}
JSONP
JSONP is also supported, which allows you to use lab.si entirely in client-side code. You just need to specify the callback parameter, eg. http://lab.si/?callback=callback. Most javascript libraries will automatically handle this for you though. Here's a jQuery example that logs the client IP and country:
$.get("http://lab.si", function(response) {
console.log(response.ip, response.country);
}, "jsonp");
IPv6
There's full support for IPv6, both in terms of looking up data for an IPv6 address and for making IPv6 requests.
$ curl lab.si
{
"ip": "2601:9:7680:363:75df:f491:6f85:352f",
"hostname": "No Hostname",
"city": null,
"region": null,
"country": "US",
"loc": "38.0000,-97.0000",
"org": "AS7922 Comcast Cable Communications, Inc."
}
Rate limits
You are limited to 1,000 API requests per day. If you need to make more requests, or need SSL support, see our paid plans.
Additional IP information
We can provide additional information and services on a paid basis, including proxy detection, scraping prevention, and improved geolocation accuracy. Contact us for more details.
Data sources
This product includes GeoLite2 data created by MaxMind, available from http://www.maxmind.com.
Terms of use
This is all provided as-is, with no guarantees on availability or accuracy of the results. We'll certainly do our best to make the service highly-available though, and the results accurate. You can use it for any purpose. Attribution is not required, but is appreciated. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Issoria altissima
Issoria altissima is a small brown-chequered-with-black (fritillary) butterfly found in the Palearctic realm region that belongs to the Nymphalidae family. It was first described by Henry John Elwes in 1882. It is found in the Indian state of Sikkim and in Bhutan, Yarlung and Tibet. | WIKI |
The New Student's Reference Work/Eastlake, Sir Charles Lock
East′lake, Sir Charles Lock, a celebrated English artist, president of the Royal Academy, was born at Plymouth in 1793, and studied in London and Paris. lie lived for some time at Rome, where he painted several pictures which attracted attention in England. In 1841 his great work, Christ Weeping over Jerusalem, was painted. He was elected president of the Royal Academy, and was knighted in 1850. During a journey in search of pictures for the National Gallery, of which he was a director, he died at, , in 1865. Eastlake gained a high reputation as a writer on art. Besides other works he published Materials for the History of Oil-Painting and a number of papers now published in Contributions to the Literature of the Fine Arts. See Memoir by Lady Eastlake, prefixed to the second series of his Contributions. | WIKI |
(POP)Rh pincer hydride complexes: Unusual reactivity and selectivity in oxidative addition and olefin insertion reactions
Michael C. Haibach, David Y. Wang, Thomas J. Emge, Karsten Krogh-Jespersen, Alan S. Goldman
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
40 Citations (Scopus)
Abstract
We report on the synthesis and reactivity of rhodium complexes featuring bulky, neutral pincer ligands with a “POP” coordinating motif, tBuxanPOP, iPrxanPOP, and tBufurPOP (tBuxanPOP = 4,5-bis(di-tert-butylphosphino)-9,9-dimethyl-9H-xanthene; iPrxanPOP = 4,5-bis(diisopropylphosphino)-9,9-dimethyl-9H-xanthene; tBufurPOP = 2,5-bis((di-tert-butylphosphino)methyl)furan). The (POP)Rh complexes described in this work are, in general, more reactive than their (PNP)Rh and (PCP)Rh analogues, which allows for the generation of several new species under relatively mild conditions. Thus, monomeric (POP)RhCl complexes oxidatively add H2 to form (POP)Rh(H)2Cl, from which the coordinatively unsaturated hydride complexes (POP)Rh(H)2+ and (tBuxanPOP)Rh(H) can be obtained. In the case of the new ligand tBufurPOP, a major kinetic product of the reaction with H2 is, surprisingly, the trans dihydride, i.e. trans-(tBufurPOP)Rh(H)2Cl; this is most likely attributable to reversible decoordination of one of the pincer coordinating groups, followed by addition of H2 to a highly reactive three-coordinate species. Ethylene is hydrogenated by (tBuxanPOP)Rh(H)2+ at 25 °C, but propylene is not, even at elevated temperatures. Ethylene undergoes insertion into the Rh–H bond of (tBuxanPOP)RhH; this reaction is reversible, allowing for an experimental determination of the equilibrium constant for this hydrometalation. The less bulky iPrxanPOP ligand affords a dihydride complex which functions as a modestly active alkane dehydrogenation catalyst, the first such example for a cationic pincer complex of any metal.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)3683-3692
Number of pages10
JournalChemical Science
Volume4
Issue number9
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Jul 29 2013
ASJC Scopus subject areas
• Chemistry(all)
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of '(POP)Rh pincer hydride complexes: Unusual reactivity and selectivity in oxidative addition and olefin insertion reactions'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Cite this | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Sulfur Electrons
Sulfur electrons per shell are 2, 8, and 16, as a result, sulfur has a total of 16 electrons. For the Sulfur electrons configuration, we need to know how many electrons the S atom has before we can write it (there are 16 electrons). Sulfur’s nucleus has 16 electrons, and we’ll place them all in orbitals when we describe the configuration.
What is Electron & Electronic Configuration?
Tables of chemical elements are called periodic tables, and they are structured according to their atomic numbers, the arrangement of their electrons, and their chemical characteristics.
The electron configuration of an atom or molecule (or other physical structure) is the distribution of electrons in the atomic or molecular orbitals of that structure. The periodic table’s structure may be better understood if one has a working knowledge of the electron configurations of various atoms.
There are two types of atoms in any substance: neutral and ionized. The quantity and configuration of electrons in an atom govern the atom’s chemical characteristics, not the atom’s protons. Quantum physics dictates the arrangement of these electrons.
When it comes to bonding with other elements in its electron shells, a key aspect is the valence shell’s number of electrons. The elements in the periodic table are arranged in increasing atomic number Z-order.
Because of Pauli’s exclusion principle, it is not possible to have all of an atom’s electrons occupy the same energy level at the same time.
Starting at the lowest energy level (ground state) and working up to each atom’s electrons, the electrons in multielectron atoms have each been given a unique set of quantum numbers. Because of this, the periodic table’s construction is complicated.
The s subshells are found in the first two columns of the periodic table on the left. The s block refers to the first two rows of the periodic table because of this.
Similarly, the p block represents the periodic table’s rightmost six columns, the d block represents the table’s center ten columns, and the f block represents the 14-column part that is often shown as separate from the periodic table’s main body. However, if it were included, the periodic table would become too lengthy and clumsy.
This notation may become cumbersome for atoms with a large number of electrons, hence a shortened notation is used. The valence electrons and the core electrons, which are analogous to the noble gas of the prior era, represent the electron configuration (e.g. [Xe] 6s2 for barium).
Element Sulfur
No. of Proton 16
No. of Electron 16
Electronic Configuration [Ne] 3s2 3p4
Oxidation States 4,6/-2
Electrons in Sulfur
An electrically neutral atom has the same number of protons and electrons as its nucleus. As a result, Sulfur’s neutral atom has 16 electrons. The positive nuclear charge and the other (Z – 1) negative electrons in the atom exert an electric field on each electron.
The atomic number identifies the distinct chemical elements because the number of electrons and their configuration determine the atom’s chemical activity. Quantum physics dictates the arrangement of these electrons.
For Sulfur, this means [Ne] 3s2 3p4 for the electron configuration.
The oxidation states +4,6/-2 are conceivable.
Sulfur is often found in oxidation states ranging from -2 to +6. All of the noble gases are reacted with by sulfur, including the supposedly unreactive metal iridium (yielding iridium disulfide). High temperatures are required for several of these reactions. It has a high reactivity index, making it a good candidate for chemical reactions.
Proton & Neutron in Sulfur
The number of protons in an atom The nucleus of sulfur, an atomic number 16 chemical element, has 16 protons. The atom’s atomic number, denoted by the symbol Z, is the sum of all the nucleus’ protons. Thus, the nucleus has a total electrical charge of +Ze, which is 1,602 x 10-19 coulombs.
The neutron number (abbreviated N) refers to the total number of neutrons in an atom’s nucleus. The atomic mass number is equal to the number of neutrons in the nucleus: N+Z=A. Neutron excess is the difference between the neutron number and the atomic number: D = N – Z
There are several stable isotopes of a given element. In chemistry, isotopes are nuclides that have the same atomic number but vary in the number of neutrons. The normal sulfur isotope mass numbers are 23, 33, 34, and 36.
Summary:
You are already aware that the atomic number of the element SULFUR corresponds to the number of electrons in the element. A sulfur atom has 16 electrons, which implies it has 16 electrons in total. There are two electrons in shell one, eight electrons in shell two, and six electrons in shell three, respectively.
About Sulfur
The second element in the periodic table’s sixteenth column is sulfur. It is a nonmetallic substance. With 16 electrons and sixteen protons, sulfur has six valence electrons in its outer shell. Tenth in abundance in the cosmos is sulfur. More than 30 distinct allotropes of sulfur exist (crystal structures). This element has the most allotropes of any substance. "
Characteristics and Properties
Sulfur is a light yellow solid under normal circumstances. It is odorless and silky. A sulfur allotrope termed octasulfur is the most prevalent form of sulfur. Water does not affect sulfur’s solubility. It’s also a superb electrical insulator, which is a nice bonus.
As soon as sulfur is heated, it gives out a blue flame and transforms into a red-orange liquid. As a poisonous gas, sulfur dioxide is created when oxygen and sulfur dioxide mix (SO2).
Hydrogen sulfide, a gas that has a pungent stench reminiscent of rotten eggs, is one of the numerous sulfur compounds. Because of its flammability, explosiveness, and high toxicity, hydrogen sulfide is a deadly gas.
Where is Sulfur Located on the Planet?
In addition to volcanic emissions and hot springs, salt domes, and hydrothermal vents, sulfuric acid may be found in many other places on Earth. Many naturally occurring chemicals include sulfur, such as sulfides and sulfates.
Lead sulfide, pyrite, cinnabar, zinc sulfide, gypsum, and barite are just a few examples. Underground sulfide deposits may be mined. As a byproduct of many industrial operations, including the refining of petroleum, it may also be recovered.
How is Sulfur used Today?
There are a variety of industrial uses for sulfur and its compounds. The vast majority of sulfur is used to produce sulfuric acid. Sulfuric acid is the most often utilized chemical in the world’s manufacturing sector.
Among its many applications is the production of automotive batteries and fertilizer, as well as the refining of crude oil and the treatment of raw water.
In addition to the vulcanization of rubber, the bleaching of paper, and the production of items such as cement, detergents, insecticides, and gunpowder, sulfur-based compounds have many more uses. There are several ways sulfur helps sustain life on Earth.
Oxygen is the body’s eighth most prevalent element. Proteins and enzymes include sulfur, which is an essential component of human health. It aids in the formation of healthy fats and bone density.
How was Sulfur Discovered?
For millennia, sulfur has been a well-known commodity. Sulfur was well-known to ancient Indian, Chinese, and Greek civilizations. Brimstone is also mentioned in the Bible. The word “sulfur” may also be spelled that way.
Antoine Lavoisier, a French scientist, showed in 1777 that sulfur was an element and not a chemical compound. The Latin word “sulfur,” which is derived from a Latin root meaning “to burn,” gives sulfur its name. Sulfur-32, 33, 34, and 36 are all stable isotopes of sulfur. For the most part, sulfur-32 is found in nature.
Important Facts about Sulfur
Here you can find some fascinating facts about sulfur:
• One of Jupiter’s moons has a yellowish hue because of the high concentration of sulfuric acid on its surface.
• Sulfur is emitted by the moon’s many active volcanoes.
• When sulfur dioxide reaches the atmosphere and is transformed into sulfuric acid, it is the primary cause of acid rain.
• Just as there are cycles for the various elements of carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen, there is a cycle for sulfur as well.
• Sulfur is formed by the fusion of silicon and helium in the cores of big stars. Sulfur is mostly produced in China, the United States, Canada, and Russia.
Outline:
Spontaneous multivalent, nonmetallic sulfur Sulfur atoms normally form cyclic octatomic compounds with the formula S8. At ambient temperature, sulfur is a brilliant yellow crystalline solid. Sulfur does not react with gold, platinum, iridium, tellurium, or noble gases. Sulfuric acid is used to make sulfate and phosphate fertilizers, among other things. Sulfur is produced in three fundamental methods. It is mined using sulfur wells and the “Frasch” process. It may be extracted from the oil or gas stream. It may be scraped off the dirt or mined from open pits.
Frequently Asked Questions
Here are some related FAQs regarding electronic configuration:
1. What is sulfur’s electron charge?
The electronic shell structure of sulfur atoms is [2, 8, 6], with the atomic term symbol (quantum numbers) 3P2 for sulfur atoms.
2. When it comes to chemical bonds, with which elements does sulfur form?
It forms sulfides with all metals except gold and platinum, as well as with several nonmetallic substances. sulfur is generated in large quantities each year, mostly for the production of sulfuric acid, which is extensively utilized in industry.
3. How many neutrons are in sulfur?
Sulfur has an atomic number of 16, indicating that it has 16 protons. The number of protons and electrons in an atom is always the same, hence there are always 16 electrons in an atom. Sulfur contains 16 neutrons because of the discrepancy in mass number and atomic number (32 - 16).
4. What is the reason for sulfur’s 18 electrons?
The neutral element must have 16 negatively charged particles in addition to the 16 positively charged ones. The ion has S2, which means it must contain 18 electrons.
5. How would you define electrons?
An electron is a subatomic particle with a negative charge. Free or coupled to an atom’s nucleus, the electron may exist in any state. Shells of varying diameters, each indicating an energy level, contain electrons in atoms. The mobility of electrons is also a kind of current in semiconductor materials.
6. How many electrons are there in an ion?
You can find out by looking at its charge. To get the number of electrons, subtract the positive charge from the atomic number. There are more protons in your system. If the charge is negative, the number of electrons is calculated by multiplying the atomic number by the charge.
7. Who uses electrons?
Electricity, magnetism, chemistry, and thermal conductivity all rely on electrons, and they also play a part in gravitational, electromagnetic, and weak interactions.
8. For sulfur, what is the atomic number of neutrons?
There must thus be 16 neutrons, 16 neutrally charged, heavy, fundamental particles present in the sulfur nucleus to account for its mass. The 32S2 ion has 18 electrons, 16 protons, and 16 neutrons, bringing the total to 32.
9. What contains sixteen protons and sixteen neutrons?
Sulfur (S) has an atomic number of 16, according to the periodic table of the elements. Each sulfur atom or ion must thus have 16 protons. A total of 16 neutrons are included in the ion’s mass calculation, resulting in a final ion mass number of 32.
10. Do ca2+ contain any electrons?
The ion Ca2+ has a mass of 20 protons and 18 electrons, making it a large ion. There are 20 protons and 20 electrons in a calcium atom. Two electrons have been snatched away from the symbol by the 2+ charge. Atoms can lose or acquire electrons when they form an ion.
Conclusion
The first two electrons will be placed in the 1s orbital when writing the electron configuration for sulfur. To fit the remaining two sulfur electrons into the 1s orbital, the 2s orbital has to be filled. The 2p orbital will receive the next set of six electrons. Six electrons may fit in the p orbital. We’ll place six electrons in the 2p orbital and the remaining two in the 3s. To complete the 3s, we’ll go on to the 3p, where we’ll put the last four electrons. As a result, the electron configuration for sulfur will be 1s22s22p63s23p4.
Related Articles
Sulfur Valence Electrons
Sulfur Proton Neutron Electrons
How many electrons are in sulfur? | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Orca/to do
This article should be nominated for Good Article, but some paragraphs does not sources
* Add sorces in paragraphs, to be nominated as Good Article | WIKI |
The Different Types of Sutures
Surgical sutures are used to hold together body tissues after a patient undergoes surgery or after an accident. We have two types of sutures i.e., absorbable & non-absorbable sutures. While the absorbable sutures tend to break down in the body naturally, non-absorbable sutures are removed after a certain period because they are made of synthetic material.
This article will go through the two different types of sutures, the materials, and any helpful information on both types of sutures.
Absorbable Sutures
Absorbable sutures are used for the internal body parts of a patient because they naturally break down. They are also applicable if the patient is not able to go back for a removal procedure.
Polyglycolic acid, caprolactone, catgut, polylactic acid, and polydioxanone are used to make sutures. Absorbable sutures are also known as resorbable, and they are made of polymers. The polymer materials have one or more of the following five cyclic monomers; carbonate, glycolide, p-dioxanone, I-lactide, trimethylene, and ε-caprolactone. Here is more information you need to know about these monomers:
• Polyglycolic acid is a biodegradable polymer. The thermoplastic polymer material is flexible, moldable, and absorbed by the body over time. It can be absorbed in a patient's body within 60-90 days.
• Catgut is absorbed by the body entirely in 90 days, with the tensile strength lasting seven days. The absorption process occurs even faster when the material is used in parts with microorganisms. Catgut usually offers excellent knot security and high knot-pull tensile strength. The versatility of the catgut material makes it a good choice for all surgical procedures.
• Polylactic acid is a bioactive material. It is an absorbable thermoplastic aliphatic polyester and, therefore, its application in resorbable sutures.
• Polydioxanone is not only transparent but also a synthetic polymer. It completely absorbs within 180 days.
• Caprolactone, also known as ε-caprolactone. The monomer is a clear liquid that's typically used with poliglecaprone polymers to manufacture suture materials.
Absorbable sutures & polymer materials are broken down by proteolytic enzymatic hydrolysis and degradation. The different materials always have variable absorption completion times ranging from 10 days to 8 weeks.
Non-Absorbable Sutures
Typically, non-absorbable sutures are made of polypropylene, synthetics polyester, special silk, or nylon. These sutures are used to close wounds where the patient is expected to return for removal after a specific time. These sutures are sometimes used internally in case the absorbable sutures can't hold the wound closure area. Some of the wounds a non-absorbable suture can be used are high-pressure areas, for example, the bladder and heart.
Non-absorbable sutures have fewer blemishes and scarring when used to close wounds due to less foreign body response from the affected tissue.
Below are the highlights of non-absorbable sutures you need to know:
• They Consist of nylon, polypropylene polyester, or special silk
• They are required to be removed after a particular time
• Procedures that require the use of non-absorbable sutures are not standard but are occasionally done in higher pressure areas.
• They have Characteristically less scarring compared to absorbable sutures
It is essential to understand the different types of sutures just if you need to choose. Researching online and seeking professional advice is highly recommended.
| ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Population coding of tone stimuli in auditory cortex: Dynamic rate vector analysis
Peter Bartho, Carina Curto, Artur Luczak, Stephan L. Marguet, Kenneth D. Harris
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
32 Scopus citations
Abstract
Neural representations of even temporally unstructured stimuli can show complex temporal dynamics. In many systems, neuronal population codes show 'progressive differentiation', whereby population responses to different stimuli grow further apart during a stimulus presentation. Here we analysed the response of auditory cortical populations in rats to extended tones. At onset (up to 300 ms), tone responses involved strong excitation of a large number of neurons; during sustained responses (after 500 ms) overall firing rate decreased, but most cells still showed statistically significant rate modulation. Population vector trajectories evoked by different tone frequencies expanded rapidly along an initially similar trajectory in the first tens of milliseconds after tone onset, later diverging to smaller amplitude fixed points corresponding to sustained responses. The angular difference between onset and sustained responses to the same tone was greater than between different tones in the same stimulus epoch. No clear orthogonalization of responses was found with time, and predictability of the stimulus from population activity also decreased during this period compared with onset. The question of whether population activity grew more or less sparse with time depended on the precise mathematical sense given to this term. We conclude that auditory cortical population responses to tones differ from those reported in many other systems, with progressive differentiation not seen for sustained stimuli. Sustained acoustic stimuli are typically not behaviorally salient: we hypothesize that the dynamics we observe may instead allow an animal to maintain a representation of such sounds, at low energetic cost.
Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)1767-1778
Number of pages12
JournalEuropean Journal of Neuroscience
Volume30
Issue number9
DOIs
StatePublished - Nov 2009
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
• Neuroscience(all)
Fingerprint
Dive into the research topics of 'Population coding of tone stimuli in auditory cortex: Dynamic rate vector analysis'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Cite this | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Catalonia International Prize
The Catalonia International Prize (Premi Internacional Catalunya) is a Spanish international prize, awarded every year since 1989 by the Generalitat de Catalunya. The award recognizes the work of people who have not only contributed to the development of culture, science or economics, but have also stood out for having completed their work with a high ethical and humanistic commitment.
Institutions and organizations from all over the world present candidates every year, usually exceeding 200 people. A large jury, composed of various personalities from different fields, and independent of the Generalitat, determine one award winner each year. The prize is only given to living people, and cannot be awarded posthumously. Four times (1995, 2004, 2008, and 2013) the award has been shared by two people.
The prize is presented at the beginning of March by the President of the Government of Catalonia and consists of a cash prize (in 2005 it was 80,000 euros) and a work of art.
History
* {| style="background:#ffffff" class="sortable wikitable"
! style="background:#efefef;"| Year !! style="background:#efefef;" width=180 px| Winner !! style="background:#efefef;"| Nacionality !! style="background:#efefef;" width=200 px| Activity Richard von Weizsäcker || Czech Republic Germany || writer essayist and politician politician Amos Oz || Palestine Israel || philosopher and writer Aung San Suu Kyi || Myanmar Myanmar || medic activist Gro Harlem Brundtland||Pakistan Norway||Student, activist politician
* 1989 || Karl Popper || United Kingdom || philosopher
* 1990 || Abdus Salam || Pakistan || physicist
* 1991 || Jacques Cousteau || France || oceanographer
* 1992 || Mstislav Rostropovich || Russia || cellist
* 1993 || Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza || Italy || geneticist
* 1994 || Edgar Morin || France || sociologist
* 1995 || Václav Havel
* 1992 || Mstislav Rostropovich || Russia || cellist
* 1993 || Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza || Italy || geneticist
* 1994 || Edgar Morin || France || sociologist
* 1995 || Václav Havel
* 1994 || Edgar Morin || France || sociologist
* 1995 || Václav Havel
* 1995 || Václav Havel
* 1996 || Yaşar Kemal || Turkey || novelist
* 1997 || Amartya Sen || India || economist
* 1998 || Jacques Delors || France || politician
* 1999 || Doris Lessing || United Kingdom || writer
* 2000 || Abdallah Laroui || Morocco || historian
* 2001 || Andrea Riccardi || Italy || historian
* 2002 || Harold Bloom || United States || essayist
* 2003 || Nawal al-Sa'dawi || Egypt|| writer and social activist
* 2004 || Sari Nusseibeh
* 2000 || Abdallah Laroui || Morocco || historian
* 2001 || Andrea Riccardi || Italy || historian
* 2002 || Harold Bloom || United States || essayist
* 2003 || Nawal al-Sa'dawi || Egypt|| writer and social activist
* 2004 || Sari Nusseibeh
* 2003 || Nawal al-Sa'dawi || Egypt|| writer and social activist
* 2004 || Sari Nusseibeh
* 2004 || Sari Nusseibeh
* 2004 || Sari Nusseibeh
* 2005 || Claude Lévi-Strauss || France || anthropologist
* 2006 || Pere Casaldáliga || Spain || religion
* 2007 || Edward Osborne Wilson || United States|| entomologist, biologist and science communicator
* 2008 || Cynthia Maung
* 2007 || Edward Osborne Wilson || United States|| entomologist, biologist and science communicator
* 2008 || Cynthia Maung
* 2008 || Cynthia Maung
* 2008 || Cynthia Maung
* 2009 || Bill Viola || United States|| video artist
* 2010 || Jimmy Carter || United States || politician
* 2011 || Haruki Murakami|| Japan || writer
* 2012 || Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva|| Brazil || metallurgist, trade unionist and politician
* 2013||Malala Yousafzai
* 2011 || Haruki Murakami|| Japan || writer
* 2012 || Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva|| Brazil || metallurgist, trade unionist and politician
* 2013||Malala Yousafzai
* 2013||Malala Yousafzai
* 2013||Malala Yousafzai
* 2014||Desmond Tutu|| South Africa||activist
* 2015||Jane Goodall||United Kingdom||primatologist
* 2016||Josep Baselga Manel Esteller Joan Massagué||Spain||oncologist
* 2019||Vinton Cerf||United States||computer scientist
* 2020||Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o ||Kenya||writer and activist
* 2021
* Judith Butler
* United States
* gender studies philosopher
* 2022
* Svetlana Alexievich
* writer
* 2023
* Joseph Stiglitz
* United States
* economist
* }
* Svetlana Alexievich
* writer
* 2023
* Joseph Stiglitz
* United States
* economist
* }
* economist
* } | WIKI |
work network????
Discussion in 'Mac OS X Server, Xserve, and Networking' started by fdot, Sep 1, 2009.
1. fdot macrumors regular
Joined:
Feb 2, 2008
#1
ok this is probably in the wrong place but here we go
at my job we have a closed network.
the computers are all connected to the internet and when you try to go to a personal site it gives you a warning
ok so i got a proxy to bypass that bs and am able to make my mac connect to the network
i put this proxy in every field in system prefs<network<proxies
and it works..
12.1.16.17:80
but my mail doesnt work
poker stars doesnt work
etc etc
ive downloaded some programs but none seem to support tunneling through port 80
anyone know what i can do
thanks
2. CTJoyce macrumors member
Joined:
Sep 27, 2008
#2
Proxy information has to go into every app, you can not just put it in your network settings and expect it to work for all apps.
Also a note from someone who has done the network admin thing, we can't see what you are doing when you are behind a proxy, however proxy packets do get flagged in most situations and if a certain IP is a repeat offender for too long we tend to look into what they are doing. If its a personal machine read up on what your internal policy on attaching personal devices to the network is just to cover your ass. Back when I was doing network admin it was for a financial company and the policy was if anyone attaches a personal device to the network without authorization it was instant termination.
Cheers
Cameron
3. fdot thread starter macrumors regular
Joined:
Feb 2, 2008
#3
i know that they all use different ports, i was told to try shimo, macproxy etc etc...
we all have been using this proxy for a long time and my boss is the one who gave it out... i just want my mail app to work, lol
thanks for the heads up though
i will def look into it more
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Polarity Therapy and Chronic Disorders
This article is reprinted from PolarityEducation.org, the online resource for polarity practitioners worldwide, created and maintained by Philip Young and Morag Campbell.
As the pharmaceutical industry's "one pill for every disease" concept loses credibility among medical professionals and researchers, author and researcher James L. Oschman writes, many of the most thoughtful clinicians are beginning to look at organisms and cells as physical/energetic systems rather than as "bags of chemicals."
In this atmosphere, Oschman writes, Randolph Stone's concepts of polarity -- and the fundamental causes of inflammation and disease -- take on primary significance. He explains why in this article, originally written for those who interested in his workshops on the same subject. (If you are, click on the link under his name to go to his web site.)
By James L. Oschman, Ph.D.
Nature's Own Research Association
The fundamental aspect of Polarity Therapy is the term, polarity. The founder of Polarity Therapy, Dr. Randolph Stone, D.C., D.O., was referring to the essential attraction and repulsion phenomena that go to the heart of particle physics and the organization of all matter in the universe, including living things. Stone predicted that science would someday provide a deeper appreciation of the unseen forces and energies he was drawing attention to, and this has begun to happen. Recent medical science has documented a fundamental polarity involved in virtually all chronic diseases and disorders. It is the neutralization of electrically polarized molecules called free radicals. Inflammation is an essential step in the injury repair process, and free radicals are involved in destroying bacteria, viruses, and damaged cells. But when the inflammatory response persists longer than it is needed, healthy cells and tissues are damaged. A series of studies has led researchers to conclude that many if not most common chronic diseases and disorders and many of the problems associated with aging are actually the result of inflammatory responses that have outlived their usefulness. This workshop concerns the science behind this concept and ways therapists can facilitate the balancing of free radicals by means of energy techniques such as Polarity Therapy.
When Dr. Randolph Stone formulated the principles of Polarity Therapy, some 40 years ago, the academic field of biophysics was in its infancy. Stone's ideas were based on his understandings and perceptions of energy, a decidedly physical concept. His therapeutic approach involved an appreciation of the ways energy and biology and health interact. Considering such matters, of course, placed him ahead of his time, and entirely out of step with trends in modern medicine. Only recently has academic medicine begun to look into the questions Stone posed. The reason it has taken so long: the historical dominance of the biochemical/pharmaceutical/mechanical models of disease.
As the 21 st century begins, we are witnessing an abrupt decline in the biochemical/pharmaceutical paradigm. In essence, this approach has run its course; it has exhausted its potential. An industry has grown up around the concept of "a pill for every disease," and the financial future of pharmaceuticals is based on perpetuating an illusion that there are still greater advances to come. However, thoughtful clinicians and researchers are realizing the real future of medicine lies in the new possibilities that open to them once they look at organisms and at cells as physical/energetic systems rather than as bags of chemicals. In this expansive and creative atmosphere, Randolph Stone's concepts of polarity take on fundamental significance.
One reason for the modern significance of Stone's discoveries is that he was attempting to derive a more complete system, a system that would encompass some of the important but poorly appreciated discoveries of his predecessors who had already explored the frontiers of therapeutics. Hence Stone's synthesis takes on a historic as well as a practical significance. This is not a minor issue, for Stone and his predecessors made some remarkable discoveries of timeless importance that fit in with modern perspectives.
The fundamental aspect of Polarity Therapy is the term, polarity. Here we are referring to the essential attraction and repulsion phenomena that go to the heart of particle physics and the organization of all matter in the universe, including the matter making up the human body. Polarity is thus a foundation principle that has implications at all levels of the cosmos, from the galactic scale to the level of organisms, tissues, cells, molecules, and atoms. It is inescapable, for example, that we are composed of atoms, and that a complete medicine must include an appreciation of the properties of those atoms. And atoms are composed of yet smaller particles, such as electrons and protons, which exhibit a high degree of electrical polarity. Atoms and all of the molecules and cells and tissues formed from them exist by a balance of huge forces created by electrical polarities. Finally, a dominant feature of atoms is that they are mainly composed of space. But that space is far from empty, it is a place of vast activity, of huge forces and potentials. It is the medium through which the enormous polarities of nature express themselves. And Randolph Stone correctly pointed out that the space within the human body is continuous with the space comprising Nature as a whole.
On a practical level, Stone recognized that the energetic polarities within the human body result in essential streams or flows. When the various energies are flowing freely and are in proper balance, we are in a state of health. Our living systems are then poised to respond quickly to any outside influence that might tend to create an imbalance. But when there are obstructions or crosscurrents or short circuits in the energy flows, we experience pain and/or limitation of motion and decreased physiological functions. Stone's therapies aimed to restore and optimize the natural flows of energy within the organism. Broken or shorted circuits must be found and corrected, just as in the wiring of a home.
This background sets the stage for a discussion of polarity therapy from a biophysical perspective. A recent discovery relates to all of our theoretical and therapeutic approaches, regardless of the discipline or modality we identify ourselves with. It is a discovery of a fundamental polarity that has been correlated with all of the so-called "diseases" modern medicine has described. The term, "diseases" has been placed in quotation marks because we are coming to understand that there may actually be a single "disease," a deficiency or imbalance in energy that is correctable via energetic means. All of the different diseases described in the pathology books are then seen for what they really are: descriptions of different symptoms that arise when certain tissues are not properly energized. And we are coming to understand precisely what we mean when we say a tissue is not properly energized.
In previous writings on this subject I have attempted to describe the term, "energy," in a more precise manner. We can refer to different kinds of energy that have been well characterized by physicists: magnetism, electricity, heat, sound, light, elasticity, vibration, chemical energy, and so on. I have often emphasized magnetic or biomagnetic energies because they are relatively easy to measure and we know much about them, but I always point out that the other forms of energy are probably equally important in the operation of the organism. Now I discuss another type of energy that ties right in with the polarity concepts of Randolph Stone.
There is a fundamental reaction that takes place when the body is injured. When I use the term, "injured," I am not just referring to falling off a bicycle or accidentally bumping my head. I am also including the countless "injuries" that take place during the day, when we carry a weight, physical or emotional, longer than we need to. In a sense, all of our daily activities introduce wear and tear into our tissues, and we must somehow recover from all of this. We are, in essence, continually recovering from microscopic injuries or wear and tear or generalized stress produced when we attempt to accomplish all the things our chosen life style demands of us.
The healing of physical or emotional trauma is one of the most remarkable of living processes. Any injury or disease triggers the migration of a variety of kinds of cells toward a problem area, to fight infection and replace damaged tissues. A variety of factors stimulate tissue repair and then wind it down when healing is complete. Some of these activities persist for weeks or even months after an injury.
The inflammatory response is an essential part of the healing process, and is activated immediately after a trauma. In addition to lymphocytes and other blood cells, highly reactive proteins called free radicals accumulate at the site of an injury or infection. Free radicals are electrically charged molecules that are involved in all tissue healing and in many other living processes. The production of free radicals is a normal part of the immune system's response to injury or trauma of any kind. The reaction of free radicals with tissues is an ultimate expression of polarity, of the coming together of opposite charges.
In essence, a free radical is an unstable molecule lacking an electron. Electrons typically come in pairs, and to restore the pair a free radical must grab an electron from another molecule. This process, called oxidation, is violent: it is destructive to the molecule attacked by the free radical. This destructive process is vital to life when the damaged molecule is part of a bacterium or virus or a cell that has been injured and needs to be broken down and replaced. Problems arise, though, when free radicals persist after they have done their clean-up job. This is when a beneficial acute inflammatory response turns into a persistent chronic inflammation, and the free radicals begin to attack normal cells. This results in redness, heat, swelling, pain, tenderness, and limitation of joint motion, as well as a spectrum of symptoms that are usually identified as specific "diseases."
Free radicals can damage normal cells by attacking proteins, DNA and lipids. To prevent this, living systems have antioxidant defenses that scavenge the free radicals and render them harmless. And the body has repair systems that restore molecules that have been moderately damaged by free radicals. But when the production of free radicals continues longer than necessary, and is not balanced by the antioxidant defense systems, a serious problem called oxidative stress can arise. Scientists are recognizing that this "inflammation syndrome" is the immediate cause of many chronic problems.
Hence chronic inflammation appears to be the result of a failure to completely wind down the natural healing process. It is characterized by a vicious cycle in which residual free radicals continue to damage healthy tissues, which triggers further inflammatory responses. Such persistent inflammation seems to be the common thread in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and many of the problems associated with aging: atherosclerosis, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and osteoporosis. Key evidence comes from many studies showing that people who regularly use nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs are less afflicted by diseases of aging than those who do not. Further extensive research from Harvard Medical School has shown that a biochemical marker for inflammation, known as C-reactive protein, is a potent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and other chronic problems in both men and women.
The traditional way of viewing chronic inflammation is chemical, and a whole variety of antioxidant drugs have been developed. But we are coming to understand that there is also a biophysical perspective in which physical methods can be used to balance free radicals. The key physical entity that can balance free radicals is the electron. Supplying electrons to inflamed tissues then becomes a natural method of treatment. Removal of free radicals after an injury has been repaired is a matter of supplying electrons that balance charges. Anti-oxidants are scavengers of free radicals; they donate electrons to reestablish charge balance in the atomic structure. The electron is the ultimate antioxidant. And the ultimate and abundant source of electrons is the Earth. Hence these concepts take us to a concept most therapists are familiar with: grounding.
What does all of this have to do with Polarity Therapy? The answer lies in the potential of one organism to provide another with the electrons needed to neutralize free radicals, and to open the natural circuits and pathways of electron flow within the body. Practical ways of accomplishing this will be the subject of the workshop.
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Page:Debates in the Several State Conventions, v2.djvu/301
.] measure shall I take? Why, it is common for each state to have no more than two members in Congress. I will take off one, and the vote of that state is lost. I will take off three, and their most important plan is defeated. Thus, in the old government, it is only necessary to bribe the few; in the new government, it is necessary to corrupt the many. Where lies the greater security? The gentleman says, the election is annual, and you may recall your delegate when you please. But how are you to form your opinion of his conduct? He may excuse himself from acting without giving any reason. Nay, on a particular emergency, he has only to go home, for which he may have a thousand plausible reasons to offer, and you have no mode of compelling his attendance. To detect corruption is at all times difficult, but, under these circumstances, it appears almost impossible I give out these hints to show that, on the score of corruption, we have much the best chance under the new Constitution; and that, if we do not reach perfection, we certainly change for the better. But, sir, suppose corruption should infect one branch of the government,—for instance, the House of Representatives; what a powerful check you have in the Senate! You have a double security; you have two chances in your favor to one against you. The two houses will naturally be in a state of rivalship: this will make them always vigilant, quick to discern a bad measure, and ready to oppose it. Thus the chance of corruption is not only lessened by an increase of the number, but vastly diminished by the necessity of concurrence. This is the peculiar excellence of a division of the legislature.
Sir, I argue from plain facts. Here is no sophistry, no construction, no false glosses, but simple inferences from the obvious operation of things. We did not come here to carry points. If the gentleman will convince me I am wrong, I will submit. 1 mean to give my ideas frankly upon the subject. If my reasoning is not good, let them show me the folly of it. It is from this reciprocal interchange of ideas that the truth must come out. My earnest wish is, that we may go home attended with the pleasing consciousness that we have industriously and candidly sought the truth, and have done our duty. I cannot conclude without repeating that, though I prefer a large representation, yet, considering our present situation, I see abundant reason to acquiesce in | WIKI |
User:DeliriumTrigger2113/sandbox
]]
* 1) REDIRECT [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coheed_and_Cambria
Vigil Wolves is an American Hardcore band from Toledo, Oregon, formed in 2013. The band consists of Bryan Lynch (lead vocals), Kyle Gilmer (guitar), Forrest Burton (guitar, backing vocals), Leland Loomis (Bass), and Jacob Martin (Drums).
To date Vigil Wolves have released two EP's and one music video. | WIKI |
Shun Kumagai
Shun Kumagai (熊谷駿) is a Japanese footballer who plays for National Police Commissary in the Cambodian League. He used to play for Albirex Niigata Singapore for a season in 2018 with 12 appearances and 4 goals.
Club statistics
Updated to 23 February 2016. | WIKI |
User:Adyan Foundations/sandbox
Adyan Foundation - مؤسسة أديان
Adyan is a foundation for managing diversity, promoting solidarity and safeguarding human dignity. We are a group of individuals who want a world that embraces diversity, in which we live together in peace..
We work locally, regionally and globally to achieve Inclusive Citizenship, develop Education on Living Together, activate Religious Social Responsibility, and promote Spiritual Solidarity. We also seek to contribute to Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism and advancing Freedom of Religion and Belief. We work through homegrown solutions in Education, Research, Policy Making, Media, and Community Engagement Networks.
Adyan was established on August 6, 2006, and is registered in Lebanon as a non-profit, independent, non-governmental organization (NGO), under the number 1103 by Ministerial Decree dated 18 September 2008. | WIKI |
Fiscal battles highlight fault lines in Republican Party - latimes
WASHINGTON The budget battles rocking the capital have exposed a deepening fault line within an already fractured Republican Party: the divide between the GOP's solid Southern base and the rest of the country. That regional split became evident when members of the House of Representatives cast votes last week on a budget deal designed to avoid massive tax hikes and spending cuts: Almost 90% of Southern Republicans voted against the fiscal-cliff compromise. At the same time, a majority of Republican representatives from outside the South supported the deal, which was approved in large part because of overwhelming Democratic support. The GOP's geographic schisms burst anew after House Speaker John A. Boehner (R-Ohio) canceled an expected vote on a $60-billion disaster relief package for victims of Superstorm Sandy. Rep. Peter T. King (R- N.Y.) accused his party of cavalier disregard toward New York, New Jersey and Connecticut. Gov. Chris Christie of New Jersey, a potential 2016 GOP presidential contender, lashed out at what he called the toxic internal politics of his party's House majority, noting that Republicans had speedily approved support for storm relief in Louisiana, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Missouri, Alabama … Boehner moved quickly to smooth things over, but the upheaval was a reminder that divisions within the party could play an influential role as the new Congress begins to tackle Washington's top agenda items, including an attempt in coming weeks to avoid a national debt default and President Obama's promised effort to overhaul the nation's immigration system. The image projected by the battles in the House the only part of the federal government controlled by Republicans could influence public attitudes toward the GOP and its candidates heading into the 2014 midterm elections and the 2016 presidential contest. In particular, the South's preeminence could pose challenges to national GOP efforts to broaden the party's appeal on social and cultural issues such as abortion and same-sex marriage. An increasing challenge for Northeastern Republicans, and West Coast Republicans, for that matter, is the growing perception among their constituents that the Republican Party is predominantly a Southern and rural party, said Dan Schnur, a former GOP campaign strategist who directs the Jesse M. Unruh Institute of Politics at USC. There's always been a political and cultural disconnect between the South and the rest of the country. But as the parties have sorted themselves out geographically over the last few decades, the size of that gap has increased. To an unprecedented degree, today's Republican majority in the House is centered in the states of the old Confederacy. The GOP enjoys a 57-seat advantage across the 11-state region that stretches from Texas to Virginia. Outside the South, however, it's a different story. As a result of reapportionment and the 2012 election, the GOP no longer controls a majority of non-Southern congressional districts. In the last Congress, Republicans held a slim, two-district majority in non-Southern states; now Democrats have a 24-seat edge. Still, the Republicans have a comfortable 33-seat overall majority in the House two seats are vacant and only the most optimistic Democrats believe that Republicans will lose control of the chamber in 2014. Merle Black, an Emory University political science professor who is an authority on the rise of the Republican Party in the South, said opposition to the fiscal cliff compromise appeared to be concentrated in congressional districts with the highest percentages of conservative voters. The Deep South is the most conservative area of the nation, Black noted. Few would dispute that the battle over the fiscal cliff and internecine sniping over Superstorm Sandy aid left Republicans in Washington deeply divided at a time when the party is still trying to recover from a presidential election defeat that many did not see coming. Any time a party loses an election, it goes through a process of internal debate. What the fiscal cliff did was to force that into becoming a little more public than usually happens, said Republican strategist Ed Brookover. Not everyone in the party agrees that its increasing concentration in the South poses a threat at the ballot box. No one in New Hampshire isn't going to vote Republican because our base is in the South, said Dave Carney, a campaign consultant based in New Hampshire whose clients have included Texas Gov. Rick Perry. I don't think there's a disqualification because a majority of the party members come from below the Mason-Dixon line. What would be an issue is who the candidates will be at the national level and what their message will be. Yet the South's dominance and internal politics have reinforced the tilt toward sharply conservative views. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Page:Cyclopedia of Painting-Armstrong, George D (1908).djvu/91
Rh Arabian Brown. This is a dark terra-cotta, and may be made by adding white and black to Indian red.
Argus Brown. This is a very dark brown, and may be made by mixing twelve parts of black with two parts of orange and one part of yellow.
Auburn Tan. Mix together one part of burnt umber, three parts of golden ochre and twenty parts of white lead.
Autumn Leaf. This is also called leather lake. It may be made by mixing on a base of white lead, French ochre, orange chrome yellow and Venetian red.
Bismark. A shade of this name may be produced by using two parts of black, one of red and one of orange, which mixed together form an orange brown.
Bismark Brown. This color is obtained by mixing with six parts of black, one part of orange and one of yellow. | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Holly Neher (2nd nomination)
The result was delete. This one was a bit of a challenge to parse (not helped by the substantial amount of off-topic digression, and the result of the DRV was unusual to say the least), but while not unanimous, the consensus here is that WP:BLP1E does apply in this instance. Especially when dealing with a BLP of a minor, consensus on BLP concerns are a substantial issue. Seraphimblade Talk to me 22:06, 10 October 2017 (UTC)
Holly Neher
AfDs for this article:
* – ( View AfD View log Stats )
Previously brought to AfD and closed as delete per BLP1E. The recent DRV on that closed as "Endorse but restore" with the option to take it to AfD to reevaluate the sourcing, so bringing it here. I saw nothing in the DRV that would get it past WP:NHSPHSATH, which is the main criteria we should be evaluating under in addition to BLP1E. A high school quarterback that gets coverage within one season is not sustained coverage. That two additional weeks have passed from the last AfD does not make it any less one event. This is very clearly a case of WP:TOOSOON. If coverage of Ms. Neher continues past this season or reaches beyond routine coverage that is expected of major high school quarterbacks, then we can have an article. Currently though, even the coverage in major papers is relatively routine for high school athletes, and more coverage over a period of less than a month does not change the one event issue. TonyBallioni (talk) 18:19, 3 October 2017 (UTC)
* Since this closed so recently at DRV on the claims that the concerns of the last AfD were solved, I'm notifying all of the participants of the previous AfD if I have missed anyone unintentionally, please notify them. Thanks. TonyBallioni (talk) 18:29, 3 October 2017 (UTC) I seemed to have missed you or got the ping wrong. Sorry for the oversight. Pinging now. TonyBallioni (talk) 18:40, 3 October 2017 (UTC)
* Comment the article is egregiously bad and largely written to survive the AfD process rather than to be part of an encyclopedia. WP:NHSPHSATH is irrelevant, WP:GNG is the relevant standard. power~enwiki ( π, ν ) 18:35, 3 October 2017 (UTC)
* Yes, but NHSPHSATH is written to help limit what claims for HS athletes count towards GNG. If we didn't have it, virtually any HS quarterback in the US would pass the GNG. GNG is the standard, but the sports specific criteria helps us to understand it. I'd argue pretty strongly that Ms. Neher passes neither. TonyBallioni (talk) 18:40, 3 October 2017 (UTC)
* I have not taken a position on notability, but am puzzled by the suggestion that the articles was "largely written to survive the AfD process rather than to be part of an encyclopedia." Articles are supposed to present a basis for the subject's notability and the fact that the author here has attempted to do just that is a plus rather than a badge of dishonor. Cbl62 (talk) 18:46, 3 October 2017 (UTC)
* The article makes only one real claim: that she's a female high-school football player. Why this fact needs 26 references, other than to attempt to demonstrate that this meets GNG, is beyond me. Sentences like "Before playing in an actual game, Neher was gaining attention through the press." exist purely to throw more references in the article for AfD participants to point to, IMO. power~enwiki ( π, ν ) 18:56, 3 October 2017 (UTC)
* There are several noteworthy claims, but even if there were not--not all article content points toward notability, but all article content should ideally be referenced. Are you trying to say that the subject isn't notable because there is too much coverage in independent, third party reliable sources?--Paul McDonald (talk) 20:48, 3 October 2017 (UTC)
* , you're right. How encyclopaedic is "Neher's achievements began to change the landscape of high school football almost immediately[19] as news of the accomplishment spread to Australia." Ouch! Such overblown claims and bad prose make this even worse than normal (and what has Australia got to do without anything, for goodness sake?! - SchroCat (talk) 22:23, 3 October 2017 (UTC)
* That first claim came from Bleacher Report who wrote "Holly Neher is changing the landscape of high school football." The reference to the source in Australia speaks to the global impact. It's all true and all referenced.--Paul McDonald (talk) 23:12, 3 October 2017 (UTC)
* "true and referenced" isn't well written and isn't encyclopaedic. "True" is always debatable, with the poorly crowbarred reference to Australia in the text. This reads like a high school newsletter, not an encyclopaedia entry and parroting the excessive hyperbole of journalists is one element of that. Being very badly written is just part of the problem here tho. - SchroCat (talk) 05:49, 4 October 2017 (UTC)
* Yes, truth is always debatable. I have heard people debate that the sky is orange. Comments on the content and editing should be reserved for the articles talk page. Of course, we discussed that in the last AFD so you should know that. Right now, the topic is the notability of the subject, not the quality of the prose of the article.--Paul McDonald (talk) 14:59, 4 October 2017 (UTC)
* If you want to keep 'on point' about the notability, why did you bring up the move to draftspace a few comments below? That has nothing to do with deletion either, but you're happy to drop it in here. Part of the problem tho Paul, is that you don't appear to listen. There was a consensus to delete the article: you didn't listen and went off to have it overturned (badly). You're told which bits of the prose are truly awful, and you leave them be. In the first 'life' of the article, I removed the truly awful sentence that had only been crowbarred in to try and get round AfD: "Several independent news sources have credited Neher as the first, including the Pensacola News Journal,[10] the Miami Herald,[7] Business Insider,[11] and USA Today.[12]" Not only did you not listen to people telling you it is crap prose, you went and forced it back in again without the slightest thought about why it was taken out. What is the point of taking stuff to the talk page if you're going to put your fingers in your ears and go "la-la-la-la-la, I can't hear you"? I really do get annoyed when people don't bother listening to a community consensus and then waste everyone's time by making lots of people jump through the same fucking hoops again to end up back at the same place. - SchroCat (talk) 15:29, 4 October 2017 (UTC)
* I'm "listening" (reading), and I "hear" (understand) you. I just think your views are incorrect in this case. There is no reason to get upset at me because we disagree.--Paul McDonald (talk) 15:37, 4 October 2017 (UTC)
* Im not "upset", so please don't try to tell me what I feel. I do not think you do understand the problems here, either with the notability or the standard or prose, and your unwillingness to edit some of the crapness out of the article, even when it is pointed out to you, speaks more than your claims to the contrary. - SchroCat (talk) 15:41, 4 October 2017 (UTC)
* You are correct, you stated you are "annoyed" and not "upset" -- I apologize for that. Please avoid the use of gross profanity as outlined in the policy WP:CIVIL.--Paul McDonald (talk) 15:47, 4 October 2017 (UTC)
* Please don't lecture me, it's fucking tiresome. (And no, that's not me being upset or annoyed, it's because calling the prose crap isn't uncivil). - SchroCat (talk) 15:50, 4 October 2017 (UTC)
* Please read WP:IDENTIFYUNCIVIL 1 (a).--Paul McDonald (talk) 15:59, 4 October 2017 (UTC)
* Oh, for fucks sake. Stop with the civility bollocks and stop driving this further and further away from the deletion debate. Do you remember what happened when you dropped crap like this onto ANI last time? It was shut down quickly for being a pointless waste of everyone's time. The civility poking is beginning to take on shades of passive aggressive baiting, so drop it now. - SchroCat (talk) 16:04, 4 October 2017 (UTC)
* Since you feel safe at ANI, do you have any problem with being taken to Arbcom? Unscintillating (talk) 21:22, 4 October 2017 (UTC)
* PMSL! If you want to waste the time of so many people doing something so pointlessly misguided, there is little I care to say or do to dissuade you. - SchroCat (talk) 22:01, 4 October 2017 (UTC)
* What exactly would you be taking ShroCat there for, ? Cassianto Talk 22:32, 4 October 2017 (UTC)
* Not to be rude, but can you guys take this elsewhere? This has very little to do with the AfD. either do whatever it is you threatened to do and probably get WP:BOOMERANGed, or just stop.TheGracefulSlick (talk) 22:44, 4 October 2017 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Women-related deletion discussions. CAPTAIN RAJU (T) 18:37, 3 October 2017 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of American football-related deletion discussions. CAPTAIN RAJU (T) 18:37, 3 October 2017 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Sportspeople-related deletion discussions. CAPTAIN RAJU (T) 18:38, 3 October 2017 (UTC)
* Delete...again. Still a high school athlete who is recognized for one event. All the coverage on her is routine and we seem to forget Wikipedia is not a newspaper.TheGracefulSlick (talk) 18:38, 3 October 2017 (UTC)
* The coverage of a high school quarterback in the Bleacher Report and USA Today is routine? I doubt that one in 1000 see coverage like that. Hobit (talk) 19:17, 3 October 2017 (UTC)
* Keep references indicate WP:GNG met. "Currently though, even the coverage in major papers is relatively routine for high school athletes" - International news coverage is not relatively routine for high school football players. Hmlarson (talk) 18:39, 3 October 2017 (UTC)
* Query. "Endorse but restore"...? May we have a link to the DRV, please, Tony? I'm re-pinging, just in case, because you're supposed to start a new line to ping somebody, I've been told. Bishonen | talk 18:42, 3 October 2017 (UTC).
* Thanks, the link is here: Deletion review/Log/2017 September 26. Also linking in nomination. TonyBallioni (talk) 18:48, 3 October 2017 (UTC)
* Keep There is no reasonable argument that she doesn't meet WP:N, so the question is does she overcome WP:BLP1E. Given that the sources started quite early on (August 23rd saw significant coverage in the Miami Herald that was reprinted as far away as in Pennsylvania) before she started playing and has coverage in the Bleacher Report after doing well, I'm not clear what the claimed "one event" would be. Throwing a touchdown can't be it, because there was a lot of coverage before that. I don't think "being a girl playing football" is an event. Hobit (talk) 19:15, 3 October 2017 (UTC)
* Its a question of what ongoing coverage means. I don't consider coverage within a two month period "ongoing". That's routine coverage for a football season. Re: the national press: yes, we've deleted high school athletes with better sourcing than that (though I'd be at a loss to find the AfDs). TonyBallioni (talk) 19:24, 3 October 2017 (UTC)
* The word "ongoing" is not in WP:BLP1E nor is it in WP:NHSPHSATH. At least, not that I can find.--Paul McDonald (talk) 21:03, 3 October 2017 (UTC)
* The word I was looking for was "prolonged" which is in NHSPHSATH: High school and pre-high school athletes are notable only if they have received, as individuals, substantial and prolonged coverage. TonyBallioni (talk) 21:26, 3 October 2017 (UTC)
* Prolonged: From the article references, the first USA Today article was dated August 17, 2017 and the most recent referenced article is dated September 25, 2017. That's over a month. I suspect that many would say that qualifies. Wiktionary says prolonged means "lengthy in duration; extended; protracted", with Lengthy having its roots in the idea of being longer than traditional--and there's been a lot more coverage than your average high school quarterback.--Paul McDonald (talk) 22:15, 3 October 2017 (UTC)
* Delete There are special requirements for sources in this area, to supplement the GNG and explain what is relevant to notability more specifically. She does not have sources that meet them. DGG ( talk ) 19:59, 3 October 2017 (UTC)
* What are these requirements and where can a list of them be found?--Paul McDonald (talk) 20:35, 3 October 2017 (UTC)
* Still Delete, still 1E, still puffed-up sources. E Eng 20:02, 3 October 2017 (UTC)
* Keep clearly passes WP:GNG with global coverage in significant independent third party sources over an extended period of time. WP:BLP1E does not apply because there is much more than "one" event, and WP:BLP2E is not a policy or guideline. WP:TOOSOON does not apply because the significant coverage already exists for events in the past. Multiple full-length feature articles in reliable sources like USA Today, Business Insider, and others clearly are WP:NOTROUTINE. The requirements in WP:NHSPHSATH are exceeded because notability is not derived from school papers or local coverage. And the claim that Wikipedia has deleted high school athletes with "better sourcing" cannot be taken seriously in this AFD because we are not talking about other sources and since the claim has no reference, we cannot evaluate those cases to see how they might apply here. Did I miss any?--Paul McDonald (talk) 20:35, 3 October 2017 (UTC)
* Delete again per BLP1E, as I said last time. All the attempts to make this something other than BLP1E are completely unpersuasive. Cullen328 Let's discuss it 21:01, 3 October 2017 (UTC)
* Would you or someone else please identify the event in question? Hobit (talk) 21:20, 3 October 2017 (UTC)
* I rushed to move this to draftspace as soon as I saw that it had been sent to mainspace directly from the DRV. I recommend that it not be returned to mainspace until November. I see that even though I thought I'd get to it before anyone had a chance to nominate it for deletion, that there is already a frivolous process. Please move this to MfD if you think that a deletion process is needed. Unscintillating (talk) 21:26, 3 October 2017 (UTC)
* Why did you move it to draft?--Paul McDonald (talk) 21:30, 3 October 2017 (UTC)
* A more important point is why deletion review took such a sub-standard step in moving it back into mainspace. The subject is non-encyclopaedic and the writing little better than that of an average high school student. - SchroCat (talk) 14:52, 4 October 2017 (UTC)
* I apologize that the bulk of the writing that I (and contributions from others) have put into the article isn't up to your standards for quality of an article. I wish I could write better and more to your liking. Unfortunately, "I don't like the writing" is not a reason to delete an article. If you want to know more about the reasons behind the DRV result you should contact the editor who executed that result. Do that, and then we will be right back here having this discussion. Do you have anything relevant to add to the discussion? I remind you that WP:UNENCYCLOPEDIC is not an argument.--Paul McDonald (talk) 15:09, 4 October 2017 (UTC)
* I haven't said it is a reason to delete it (in fact in a comment above about the parroting of journalistic hyperbole I say the awful prose if one of this article's problems). - SchroCat (talk) 15:29, 4 October 2017 (UTC)
* Keep plenty of sources and BLP1E does not apply. Lepricavark (talk) 21:27, 3 October 2017 (UTC)
* Delete (still). Still falls foul of BLP1E and fails GNG requirements. There is no 'substantial and prolonged coverage' (a month just isn't "prolonged" coverage); this is, at best WP:TOOSOON for a student to pass as encyclopaedic content. – SchroCat (talk) 21:42, 3 October 2017 (UTC)
* "On the fence" comments. The problem here is the "prolonged" coverage prong of WP:NHSPHSATH. Unlike most SNGs, this one is an "exclusionary" standard intended to avoid opening the floodgates to thousands upon thousands of articles about high school athletes, a danger about which we need to be wary. On the other hand, the spirit of NHSPHSATH is to ensure that we limit high school athlete articles to truly exceptional cases. Here, even though the Neher story hasn't been around for long enough to qualify as having received "prolonged" coverage, it is an exceptional case that has garnered international, substantial, and non-routine coverage. Moreover, it involves a female athlete, a subject on which Wikipedia has had a significant problem of under-representation. For these latter reasons, and assuming the closure is done so as to avoid the floodgates problem, I would not be troubled were the article to be kept. 22:21, 3 October 2017 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Cbl62 (talk • contribs)
* Redirect for now to Hollywood Hills High School. Of course the sources pass WP:GNG, but GNG is not WP:N. For reasons that I don't entirely understand, this seems more like an event than a bio. WP:NHSPHSATH even erroneously requires event notability for people, which serves my purpose here. As an event, notability requires coverage the equivalent of Balloon Boy, where the coverage here doesn't come close. Much of this is a developing story, for example, there is nothing in Google books. Yes, the Sun Sentinel said on 25 Sep that, "Hollywood Hills junior Holly Neher made history with her start at quarterback on Friday night." But the next week she didn't start and didn't throw a pass. Unscintillating (talk) 00:47, 4 October 2017 (UTC)
* Comment looks like she picked up the start on their Oct 3 game from this article and had a fully-functional game.--Paul McDonald (talk) 12:28, 4 October 2017 (UTC)
* I don't think that being allowed to play only against easy opponents says much about her playing skills, just the opposite. Unscintillating (talk) 16:03, 4 October 2017 (UTC)
* Worth considering, but no reason is reported why she did not start or play very little. And she did get the start and significant play time in the next game. There could have been a medical reason she did not play, there could have been a family reason, or an academic one. Or maybe the coach's game plan called for a different signal caller against that opponent. It's worth considering, but I would say it's outweighed by getting the start and significant play time the next game.--Paul McDonald (talk) 16:08, 4 October 2017 (UTC)
* I've added a paragraph break to clarify that the point I was making was related to this being a developing news story. Unscintillating (talk) 01:26, 6 October 2017 (UTC)
* Delete- from memory, this has not changed a lot since the last time except that the puffery and ref bombardment have become more grotesque. Reyk YO! 06:17, 4 October 2017 (UTC)
* Redirect to List_of_female_American_football_players (possibly with an anchor placed at Neher's entry). It is obvious that Neher has acquired some minor notability, but the article is mostly trivia and all the pertinent facts are already given at List of female American football players. It's really a question of substance and the general list already provides the essential coverage.. Betty Logan (talk) 11:45, 4 October 2017 (UTC)
* I asked above, but I'm guessing it got missed. Could one of the "1E" !voters identify the "one event" please? Hobit (talk) 12:14, 4 October 2017 (UTC)
* I asked that all through the last AFD and never got an answer. I'd still like to know the answer too.--Paul McDonald (talk) 12:23, 4 October 2017 (UTC)
* The high school football season is in my mind, one event. Yes, multiple games, but we do treat sports seasons on Wikipedia as individual occurrences (see 2017–18 Fulham F.C. season for the first example that popped up in my search box). That combined with the fact that a two month period is not prolonged coverage makes it run afoul of our limitations as to what coverage counts. TonyBallioni (talk) 14:39, 4 October 2017 (UTC)
* There is nothing in WP:BLP1E to even hint that multiple events should be lumped together and called "one" event, and that is supported by the guideline WP:ONEEVENT as well as the reasoning at the essays WP:WI1E and WP:BLP2E. One event means one.--Paul McDonald (talk) 14:50, 4 October 2017 (UTC)
* Keep This person goes beyond being a one trick irrelevant athlete, the one event is that she was the "first female in the state of Florida to throw a touchdown in a high school game" as high school athletes are generally non-notable, this is considered the only claim of significance, but is also a one-off event. She is obviously groundbreaking in her multiple accomplishments, and while admittedly at a low level, this does not detract from her general significance, particularly in the US. She is clearly the first female to achieve a number of things many others (men) take for granted, however this puts here significance above that of, say, Joe Bloggs. Dysklyver 14:40, 4 October 2017 (UTC)
* Except it is not certain she is the first: the Florida High School Athletic Association concede there is some doubt. She certainly is the first person called Holly Neher to attain the low level of being the first female in the state of Florida to throw a touchdown in a high school game, but that is a long way short of being encyclopaedic. I'm also extremely wary when I see claims such as "groundbreaking" and "multiple accomplishments" as just another example of the hyperbole to which some are claiming as being notable. - SchroCat (talk) 14:50, 4 October 2017 (UTC)
* I'm going to lift an argument from the deletion review: Just as an example, see the article Wright brothers which states "The Wright brothers... were two American brothers, inventors, and aviation pioneers who are 8generally credited[1][2][3] with inventing, building, and flying the world's first successful airplane." There are many sports precedents too, including Forward pass where it is written "Most sources credit St. Louis University's Bradbury Robinson from Bellevue, Ohio with throwing the first legal forward pass." There are many more.--Paul McDonald (talk) 14:53, 4 October 2017 (UTC)
* I don't have enough knowledge of or interest in or our principles for sports articles to form an opinion as to "keep" or "delete" here. But, I'm getting a kind of déjà-vu feeling in relation to the first AfD (see my comment here). Do you intend to bludgeon this AfD as well, again without mentioning that you created the article? Please consider letting people who have no personal interest in it work out the article's fate from now on, without protesting against every "delete" argument. Bringing up the Wright brothers is kind of scraping the bottom of the barrel, surely. Bishonen | talk 15:12, 4 October 2017 (UTC).
* Since you brought it up, I made some mistakes in the last AFD. One was not continuing to press for answers how several events were smashed down to "one event" and another was caving in and stopping my requests for clarification because of pressure from ... look at that... User:Bishonen, who is doing the same thing now. This is a discussion which means we discuss things. I put an essay together a while back about this at Encourage full discussions and others have contributed to it as well. It is only through discussions that we actually learn. Editors are free to disagree.--Paul McDonald (talk) 15:21, 4 October 2017 (UTC)
* Oh, and yes I created the article. I've never hid that, and anyone can find that in the article history.--Paul McDonald (talk) 15:21, 4 October 2017 (UTC)
* "One was not continuing to press": so you think you should have bludgeoned even more than you did...? And even when there was a consensus, you still ignored it and took a backdoor route to get it overturned. Do you ever think you may get things slightly wrong and that other people may be right? And no, to try and equate Holly Neher's possible accomplishment with that of the Wright Brothers really is a classic argumentum ad absurdum. - SchroCat (talk) 15:32, 4 October 2017 (UTC)
* Consensus is not a popular vote, and consensus can change. If you have a problem with the DRV process, this isn't really the place to discuss it.--Paul McDonald (talk) 15:41, 4 October 2017 (UTC)
* Thank you for the patronising crap. I know what consensus is, and what level of arrogance in an individual that tries to get it reversed and overturned in their favour so soon after it has been decided. - SchroCat (talk) 15:44, 4 October 2017 (UTC)
* I don't mean to be patronizing or otherwise insult you. I have no idea what kind of background you have in Wikipedia, and if I did I would still state full reasons because others who come to read this discussion may not have that same level of experience. As for the DRV--it came up under WP:DRV #3: "if significant new information has come to light since a deletion that would justify recreating the deleted page" -- as examples: USA Today "Hollywood Hills (Fla.) junior Holly Neher may have been the first girl to start a game at QB in high school football history" Bleacher Report "This 5'2" Female Quarterback Is Making High School Football History" Miami Dolphins "RISE weekly award winners" Sun-Sentinel "Hills QB Holly Neher cashes in on historic start with 51-27 win over Pompano Beach" Miami Herald "Hollywood Hills’ Holly Neher becomes first female starting quarterback in Florida" -- consensus there brought us here.--Paul McDonald (talk) 15:54, 4 October 2017 (UTC)
* Nothing new or significant, then. The same re-hashed news recycled over and over. The people at DRV have not done anyone a service on this one. - SchroCat (talk) 15:59, 4 October 2017 (UTC)
I see from your userpage you are an admin and that you are "willing to make difficult blocks". I think this AfD has reached the stage where it would benefit if Paulmcdonald's further involvement were curtailed. Nothing against him on a personal level, but maybe a short 1-week block would allow this AfD to progress in a more natural manner because at the moment it is being derailed. Before the AfD is closed he could be allowed back to post one more comment where he could address any further issues raised. Betty Logan (talk) 21:33, 4 October 2017 (UTC)
* Block me? For what?--Paul McDonald (talk) 21:36, 4 October 2017 (UTC)
* No, I won't do that, Betty Logan. What I felt I could do was to advise Paul, above, against continuing to bludgeon this process. All I got for that was resentment, with an odd hint that I might be trying to conceal that I had made a similar comment at the first AFD (a comment that I did want people here to know about, so I actually linked to it in my advice here): "because of pressure from ... look at that... User:Bishonen, who is doing the same thing now". Yes, look at that. Strange attitude, but I don't see a blocking matter. You'll have to take it to ANI if you feel that strongly about it, Betty. By the way I'd be surprised if ArbCom entertained a request for arbitration against SchroCat, per Unscintillating's dark hint, (for what?). P. S. The "difficult blocks" thing doesn't mean I do IAR blocks, it just means I'm not afraid to block abusers who are likely to come after me IRL. Admins whose real-life identity is known had better not do that, but I feel well hidden. Bishonen | talk 22:22, 4 October 2017 (UTC).
* Are you here in your role as an administrator? If this goes to Arbcom, Arbcom might want to know that. Unscintillating (talk) 23:15, 4 October 2017 (UTC)
* It won't; so they won't :) — fortuna velut luna 23:26, 4 October 2017 (UTC)
* Unscintillating, wut? Drmies (talk) 17:50, 5 October 2017 (UTC)
* They've been told elsewhere, . I would suggest they are are all talk and no trousers. Cassianto Talk 18:42, 5 October 2017 (UTC)
* That's funny, since last night our fire alarm went off and I greeted the firemen in my underpants at 1:30 AM. I didn't have much talk either. Anyway, I really don't understand these comments here. Drmies (talk) 20:23, 5 October 2017 (UTC)
* In a nutshell, it's an AfD discussion that Mr Unscintillating is trying to manipulate, coerce and control by making loose, baseless threats on people with whom he disagrees. Just one question though: why were the firemen wearing underpants? Cassianto Talk 20:38, 5 October 2017 (UTC)
* It's all part of the well-known Dutch tolerance to people doing odd things like that Ritchie333 (talk) (cont) 13:39, 6 October 2017 (UTC)
* [text moved to talk page by Unscintillating (talk) ] 22:50, 4 October 2017 (UTC)
* Note The attribution and possible merge and delete discussion has been moved to: Wikipedia talk:Articles for deletion/Holly Neher (2nd nomination). Unscintillating (talk) 22:50, 4 October 2017 (UTC)
* Keep. The standard in WP:NHSPHSATH is that the coverage "goes beyond routine". Following the link to WP:ROUTINE, we see that it refers to sports scores and the usual coverage that we would expect to see for individual games. Clearly, separate profiles of the subject as a groundbreaking athlete in international news media are not the sort of thing described there, so clearly the coverage does go beyond routine. And the claim that this is a single event would only be valid if we took it to the logical conclusion, that the event rather than the person is what is notable and that we should have an article on the event in place of the one we have now. But in this instance any such article (about the event of someone becoming the first female starting high school QB) would be indistinguishable from the actual article that we have. As for the discussion above, too much of it seems to follow reasoning like "female high school athletes can't possibly be notable, so this one can't be notable, so how can we possibly twist the notability guidelines to make them say she's not notable?" We should be evaluating whether she meets the guidelines neutrally, not coming into this with our own prejudices about what sorts of subjects should and shouldn't be notable. If we don't want to include articles like this one, but the guidelines say we should have them, then figure out what's wrong with the guidelines and propose changing them in the proper venue; in the meantime, we should follow what they say. —David Eppstein (talk) 23:37, 4 October 2017 (UTC)
* I agree with your analysis of the guideline. But that's all it is: a guideline. How do you reconcile this article with BLP1E, specifically criteria No. 1: If reliable sources cover the person only in the context of a single event. Coretheapple (talk) 14:48, 7 October 2017 (UTC)
* This is better said than any other keep !vote IMO. So "what he said". Hobit (talk) 01:40, 5 October 2017 (UTC)
* Even this Wikipedia page has been in the news. News.com.au (republication of: NY Post), and Daily Telegraph plus . And more coverage on her . Dysklyver 10:33, 5 October 2017 (UTC)
* See WP:109PAPERS. One story recycled by lazy journalists to fill space doesn't create notability. - SchroCat (talk) 11:20, 5 October 2017 (UTC)
* WP:109PAPERS states "If reliable sources cover the person only in the context of a particular event a separate biography is unlikely to be warranted. That person should instead be covered in the article about the event itself." For the sake of the discussion, what do you suggest the new article should be titled?--Paul McDonald (talk) 11:44, 5 October 2017 (UTC)
* That has been answered a few times before: List of female American football players, where there is enough of an entry to cover all the "notable" elements of Ms Neher. SchroCat (talk) 11:49, 5 October 2017 (UTC)
* A gentle reminder that this is a BLP of a minor and it's not unlikely that said minor is reading this discussion. Your scare quotes could easily be read as insulting to her though I understand that you were instead addressing arguments she meets WP:N). Hobit (talk) 14:18, 5 October 2017 (UTC)
* There is nothing insulting in referring to her encyclopaedic notability - indeed the use of quotes was to separate the encyclopaedic notability from the person; I have linked to the policy to clarify the point. - SchroCat (talk) 14:52, 5 October 2017 (UTC)
* I've no doubt about what you meant. Just pointing out how it could be interpreted. Thank you for making the change, I think it helps. Hobit (talk) 16:25, 5 October 2017 (UTC)
* I I’ve heard it all now. Cassianto <sup style="font-family:Papyrus;">Talk 17:23, 5 October 2017 (UTC)
* Delete per the very good arguments to do so. Cassianto <sup style="font-family:Papyrus;">Talk 12:02, 5 October 2017 (UTC)
* Delete I agree with the above stated arguements of SchroCat minus the profanity and also per the learned . Antonioatrylia (talk) 12:12, 5 October 2017 (UTC)
* Nobody really cares whether agree with the profanity or not. Please stick to the reasons for the deletion of this article, alone. Cassianto <sup style="font-family:Papyrus;">Talk 12:49, 5 October 2017 (UTC)
* Delete per nom and the arguments above, particularly SchroCat, Reyk and DGG. There's nothing here that merits its own article. One event puffed up out of all proportion and ref-bombed. As Betty Logan and SchroCat point out, everything that needs to be said can be, and in my opinion already is, said at List of female American football players. -- Begoon 13:39, 5 October 2017 (UTC)
* Keep Why does it matter that her notablility it is for 'one event'? Guy Goma is known for only one event please bear in mind the third paragraph of WP:OSE rather than just linking to it . There are 25 references including NPR, USA Today, Miami Herald and ABC News. She is notable by default. --The Vintage Feminist (talk) 09:42, 6 October 2017 (UTC)
* , she is not notable by default. She is nothing more than a high school student who done some athletics in-between studies, who may or may not have broken some obscure high school record. And that’s it. Please familiarise yourself with the opening line of the lead section: note the words “some credit”. We can’t even bring ourselves to definitely claim that this is the case. Who are these “some”? Fellow students? Teachers? Friends? Media? Cassianto <sup style="font-family:Papyrus;">Talk 10:27, 6 October 2017 (UTC)
* I am familiar with the opening lines, but they make no difference. If footage emerges which proves she didn't throw a touchdown then the lead section would read: but she would still be notable due to the coverage. It is notability rather than meritoriousness that Wikipedia concerns itself with. If it was meritoriousness we would have to get rid of all of the porn stars. --The Vintage Feminist (talk) 10:40, 6 October 2017 (UTC)
* WP:NOTNEWS. See WP:BLP1E for your initial question about one event, and WP:109PAPERS for the 25 references (yes, several others have already commented that the number of references in the article is because it's been abysmally written to try and get round AfD hurdles). The fact we still have an article on Goma just shows that some people have no idea what an encyclopaedia is, and mistake it for the "And also" slots at the end of news reports. In relation to "we have Gomer, so what about..." please see WP:WHATABOUTX, part of Arguments to avoid in deletion discussions.- SchroCat (talk) 11:00, 6 October 2017 (UTC)
* we should all start an article about ourselves then until it’s proven to be complete bollocks? Cassianto <sup style="font-family:Papyrus;">Talk 13:26, 6 October 2017 (UTC)
* maybe not WP:SOCIALMEDIA. --The Vintage Feminist (talk) 14:11, 6 October 2017 (UTC)
* That’s precisely my point and it’s essentially what you’ve just said; saying: “who some credit as the first female in the state of Florida to throw a touchdown in a high school game” is about as reliable as suggesting that ”some credit” her with walking on the moon. Are actually even thinking about what you type? Cassianto <sup style="font-family:Papyrus;">Talk 14:49, 6 October 2017 (UTC)
* WP:IDENTIFYUNCIVIL. --The Vintage Feminist (talk) 14:56, 6 October 2017 (UTC)
* WP:DONTBEADICK Cassianto <sup style="font-family:Papyrus;">Talk 16:53, 6 October 2017 (UTC)
* N is trivially met, but WP:BLE1E also has to be met. That has a strong consensus. The issue those of us on the keep side are raising is that there is no "1 event" unless you want to call a sports season "one-event" (which flies in the face of WP:NSPORTS and the general definition of "event"). Hobit (talk) 13:05, 6 October 2017 (UTC)
* A lot of this is 'eye of the beholder' stuff, but here is my take:-
* The third part of WP:BLP1E has not been met IMO.
* WP:NOTNEWS - I don't feel that this article is trying to be news.
* WP:109PAPERS - The fact that this article is now subject to press coverage Holly Neher won a place in history, and her own Wikipedia page, with just one throw means that her notability is not temporary.
* WP:WHATABOUTX - I already said that the third paragraph of WP:OSE applies. --The Vintage Feminist (talk) 14:11, 6 October 2017 (UTC)
* What a rather bizarre post. BLP1E has been met. WP:NOTNEWS was a reference to your argumentum ad absurdum about "Holly Neher is an American high school athlete falsely credited as the first female in the state of Florida to throw a touchdown in a high school game". Despite your claim to the contrary, there would be even less justification to have an article
* WP:109PAPERS - I think you need to actually read it, as you're parroting the reasons why duplicated references endlessly recycled by lazy journalists do not generate notability.
* WP:WHATABOUTX is part of Arguments to avoid in deletion discussions. It has fuck all to do with OSE, despite your attempts to make it so. You could cite as many other policies, guidelines and essays that you want, but arguments to avoid in deletion discussions really is the key in an Argument for Deletion discussion. - SchroCat (talk) 14:37, 6 October 2017 (UTC)
* "You could cite as many other policies, guidelines and essays that you want, but arguments to avoid in deletion discussions really is the key in an Argument for Deletion discussion."
* The only policy I mentioned was "the third paragraph of WP:OSE" in my OP. The following were all cited by yourself in your post above: WP:NOTNEWS; WP:BLP1E; WP:109PAPERS and WP:WHATABOUTX. I just took them one by one and replied to them. If you don't agree with the assessment then that's cool but the list above was raised by yourself. --The Vintage Feminist (talk) 09:28, 7 October 2017 (UTC)
* Please not that since October 8, the weaker "who some credit" cited above now reads "is widely considered" per WP:NPOV: She is widely considered the first female in the state of Florida to throw a touchdown in a high school tackle football game.—Bagumba (talk) 06:24, 10 October 2017 (UTC)
* Keep There are enough sources to pass WP:GNG. All other criteria are therefore irrelevant, we go by notability here. Smartyllama (talk) 14:28, 6 October 2017 (UTC)
* No, we don't. See WP:BLP1E. - SchroCat (talk) 14:37, 6 October 2017 (UTC)
* Aaaaand let's just ignore what GNG actually says; "Presumed" means that significant coverage in reliable sources creates an assumption, not a guarantee, that a subject should be included. A more in-depth discussion might conclude that the topic actually should not have a stand-alone article—perhaps because it violates what Wikipedia is not, particularly the rule that Wikipedia is not an indiscriminate collection of information. In this case; NOTNEWS with a touch of INDISCRIMINTATE. Meeting GNG does not suddenly mean that all other criteria are irrelevant, let alone that they are therefore irrelevant. Mr rnddude (talk) 14:43, 6 October 2017 (UTC)
* [Off topic thread moved to the talk page. SchroCat (talk) 15:57, 6 October 2017 (UTC)]
* Specifically here, not sure why it was moved though. Perhaps admin can put it back and collapse it? --The Vintage Feminist (talk) 09:05, 7 October 2017 (UTC)
* I'm going to respond to the WP:109PAPERS argument. I do not believe this has merit because 1) the essay specifically applies to information "reported in the news just once on a single day, or over a period of a few days, and then are forgotten" -- this story has gone well past "a few days" as evidenced by this, which is dated today (10/6/2017) for a subject that has been brewing for well over a month (since 8/17/2017 in major newspapers). 2) The same "story" in each newspaper has been printed, but is far from the "identically word-for-word in each paper" threshold that the essay calls for. Sure, some papers just took the story off the wire, some embellished it a little, and some wrote independent articles from their own research. It's a good essay, but I do not believe it applies here under its own definition.--Paul McDonald (talk) 16:03, 6 October 2017 (UTC)
* Slightly re-worked copy (by journalists who don't want to be accused of plagiarism or copyright infringement) would and should fall under the guideline. As has been said above, I think that the same story repeated for a month should also come under this. No new angles or information is in the latest "report" (for which read "example of 'churnalism' as it most lazy") which is just another parroting of the first. This all still falls within the spirit of the guideline. - SchroCat (talk) 16:21, 6 October 2017 (UTC)
* That assertion just does not hold true. For example, the first three articles referenced in the article from ABC News, USA Today, and Miami Herald all have three different authors (Katie Kindelan, Walter Villa, and Andre C. Fernandez). The articles are completely different in text. And that's just the first three. The next two (Allentown and Guam) appear to be picks from the wire, but are included to indicate the widespread coverage. Certainly many of the other articles are different because they support different facts (like the Miama Dolphins/RISE award and other events that occured since the publication of the first few articles in the reference list. They are not "slightly re-worked copy" at all.--Paul McDonald (talk) 16:33, 6 October 2017 (UTC)
* No, my assertion holds true, but you are being rather over-literal. One small and essentially unnotable story has been distributed by the wires and subsequently picked up by several papers. Most of those papers have either printed the wire copy, or rehashed exactly the same copy into something that is ostensibly the same. Just because some papers have different policies on how to handle wire copy (or handle it in different ways depending on how busy they are), does not get away from the fact that it is the ostensibly the same story one-event story slightly rehashed in several places. We're still there with rehashed stories that deal with one insignificant event that may not even be the first time it has happened. - SchroCat (talk) 17:00, 6 October 2017 (UTC)
* On what basis do you make such an accusation?--Paul McDonald (talk) 17:10, 6 October 2017 (UTC)
* ? SchroCat (talk) 17:15, 6 October 2017 (UTC)
* You are essentially accusing the authors of the source material of plagiarism (copying each other's work). What basis do you have for that?--Paul McDonald (talk) 17:32, 6 October 2017 (UTC)
* Oh, FFS... I have said absolutely nothing of the sort. The whole purpose of wire stories is to provide copy for news sources that cannot send reporters to every corner of the world, or cover every tiny event. Their stories are reproduced either in toto, or re-written, either entirely or only partially. This isn't plagiarism, it is all part and parcel of how wire news services work, and it's written into the contracts they have with the news organisations. See News agency, which covers some of this, before you accuse me of anything again. As I said in May last edit summary: take it down a peg or two (or three): there is no accusation in what I have said. - SchroCat (talk) 17:43, 6 October 2017 (UTC)
* Then I apologize for my misunderstanding. It is still correct that there are many stories about the subject that are far beyond the standards set by WP:109PAPERS.--Paul McDonald (talk) 17:53, 6 October 2017 (UTC)
* Delete I won't say too much as most of it has been said above already. But suffice it to say this is very much a case of WP:BLP1E. -DJSasso (talk) 16:21, 6 October 2017 (UTC)
* Comment I am politely asking both to refrain from any further comments on this AfD. power~enwiki ( π, ν ) 17:45, 6 October 2017 (UTC)
* ...and you are? Cassianto <sup style="font-family:Papyrus;">Talk 18:02, 6 October 2017 (UTC)
* In this case, he is someone with a very good idea. Both individuals have beaten their respective horses to death and there is nothing to be gained from further repetition of the same talking points. Lepricavark (talk) 20:18, 6 October 2017 (UTC)
* they've "finished beating their respective horses to death" then I'm sure they're big enough and ugly enough to work that out for themselves. They don't need someone to pontificate from the sidelines. Cassianto <sup style="font-family:Papyrus;">Talk 21:06, 6 October 2017 (UTC)
* Comment Leaning toward changing my !vote to Keep due to the clear and pertinent agruement put fo forth by that WP:GNG has been met, and that all else is irrelevant. Antonioatrylia (talk) 19:57, 6 October 2017 (UTC)
* I think you should read what Mr rnddude has written; what Smartyllama has said isn't actually correct. - SchroCat (talk) 20:01, 6 October 2017 (UTC)
* Redirect to List_of_female_American_football_players. There are long-standing exclusionary standards regarding WP:MILL coverage of high-school athletes; if anyone objects to those they should start a discussion at WP:NSPORT or WP:VPP. Of course, due to her gender, Neher isn't entirely WP:MILL. However, the claims of notability appear to be largely puffery; she's neither the first female high-school quarterback nor the first female football player in Florida, merely the "first female high-school quarterback to throw a touchdown in Florida" or something. In this type of situation, contemporaneous newspaper coverage isn't a secondary source, but a primary source. There is a perfectly-reasonable redirect target for WP:UNDUE-compliant coverage of whatever she does that is actually notable, so redirect. power~enwiki ( π, ν ) 20:09, 6 October 2017 (UTC)
Please see Administrators'_noticeboard. Drmies (talk) 21:39, 6 October 2017 (UTC)
* Already closed, where the closing included the statement, "...(Cassianto) has not replied but also has not further edited the AFD. If Cassianto's behaviour in the AFD becomes an issue, then it can be brought back up. Primefac (talk) 15:19, 7 October 2017 (UTC) " Unscintillating (talk) 19:04, 7 October 2017 (UTC)
* Drmies post at the Admin notice board alerted me to this - If we had an article on Women in American Football, as we should, I would say merge there or a sub-article on Female students in American High School Football - but as per WP:WHYN we don't yet have a biography - for now, merge to the List article (Please, someone create the Women's article, at least). Alanscottwalker (talk) 22:58, 6 October 2017 (UTC)
* Delete per BLP1E, NOTNEWS, etc. This is a recentist topic without any clear evidence of lasting importance. Wikipedia is not a crystal ball. If secondary sources (i.e., not news sources) keep covering her through the coming months and years, then maybe we have an article topic. I'm opposed to redirecting for the same reason. —/M endaliv /2¢/Δ's/ 03:05, 7 October 2017 (UTC)
* Delete per BLP1E and NOTNEWS, and all the reference padding in the article and attempted bludgeoning of "delete" voters here won't change that. --Calton | Talk 03:35, 7 October 2017 (UTC)
* Delete - congratz to the young lady for being the first female HS student to throw a touchdown pass in a HS game in the state of Florida, possibly, maybe, we don't know. One of our core policies is verifiability. For the encyclopaedia this means that the information in the encyclopaedia comes from a realiable source. In the real world, and the Oxford dictionary, this means that something is able to be checked or demonstrated to be true, accurate, or justified. In this case, we know that this is not possible. Instead we present the idea that it might be true. More importantly, we largely base her notability on this unverifiable claim - actually we base her notability wholly on that claim because that act alone is why we have an article on her. This article expands her notability by claiming, cited, but, once again unverifiably, that she might be the first starting female quaterback in Florida or even U.S. history. Indeed, reading this article, I can tell that it's been peacocked to try and assert notability; Neher's accomplishments put her on the national stage and are held out as majors step toward involvement of female athletes and coaches in the sport of American football as well as an inspiration to female athletes everywhere. We are an encyclopaedia, not Sunrise, stick to the facts. Now, I did note above the mentions that there is some coverage of her prior to this possible achievement. Yes, I read that, it was the very definition of notnews. The fact that we need to write into the article that Guam and Australia caught wind of all this is also indiscriminately collected trivia. So what I'm left with in this article is notability based on unverified claims that are supported by peacockery and trivia. That really just leaves me with the one-event argument to tackle. Fascinatingly enough, I can't support the assertion that this BLP fits BLP1E's three conditions. 1) If reliable sources cover the person only in the context of a single event. She received coverage, notnews coverage but still, prior to the event. So that can't be in the context of one-event. The post event coverage, however, both can and is. 2) If that person otherwise remains, and is likely to remain, a low-profile individual. She's not low-profile right now, but, in a year's time? Probably until college assuming she goes into college football. Lastly, If the event is not significant or the individual's role was either not substantial or not well documented. To the entire article I ask, and the significance of this is? no, no, no, not what the significance of it is if it's true, what the significance is regardless of it being or not being true. If the two notability granting claims are false, then what significance does this have? I'm left with none. So, because the claims to notability are impossible to verify, because her prior coverage falls straight under not news, because this article is peacocking in the hopes of asserting notability, and because a significant portion of the article is trivia, I have to support deletion. Note: the last two just support the position to delete, they are not reasons to delete in themselves. In a few years time, assuming she keeps this up, she will be, beyond a shadow of a doubt, notable. As it stands today, she isn't. Not to mention that she comes nowhere near meeting notability for sports; [h]ave appeared in at least one regular season or post season game in any one of the following professional leagues - highschool football is not one of those listed. Mr rnddude (talk) 04:13, 7 October 2017 (UTC)
* My sense is that you don't understand either WP:V or WP:N. WP:V doesn't require we only include things that are known for certain. It doesn't even say anything close to that. We don't know the Jesus existed. Does that mean we shouldn't include anything about him? We don't know that the Wright brothers were the first in flight either. Should we remove that article? Further, the very definition of notability on Wikipedia is that there are significant sources that cover the topic. We have those in spades. There do exist reasonable arguments that can be made for the deletion of this article (though I disagree with them), but because what she has done doesn't seem important enough to you isn't one of those arguments. In fact we have a whole well-regarded essay talking about how that isn't how we make decisions here: WP:IDONTLIKEIT. Hobit (talk) 17:16, 7 October 2017 (UTC)
* You've addressed none of my arguments here. I took the real world definition of verifiability and ignored WP:V (IAR basically). Indeed, I implied that it did meet WP:V per; [f]or the encyclopaedia this means that the information in the encyclopaedia comes from a realiable source. Ah yeah, there's tons of those. I also didn't make any form of a notability argument. My arguments were; unverifiable (not WP:V), NOTNEWS (which negates WP:N), INDSCRIMINATE (for the randomly collected trivia which really should be NOTEVERYTHING), with a touch of NSPORTS right at the end (I didn't realize at the time that we had one for high-school students, though Tony Ballioni dispatched that argument himself via prolonged coverage). [B]ut because what she has done doesn't seem important enough to you isn't one of those arguments <- Eh, no, never said that. If she isn't the first to do it, it didn't happen. There is no significance. No reason to have an article. If she is the first who did it, then it did happen and has some significance. The Wright brothers argument is also entirely fallacious, their achievements whether first or not, matter because they had a lasting impact on the world. They wrote the lift equation still in use today, for example. As for Jesus, keep, but, only as a figure of historical importance, otherwise delete. This girl, may or may not have done something noteworthy. I have a higher standard of expectation than may have as do most of the other delete !votes here. Would you like me to suggest that you don't understand WP:NOT? as a return favour. Mr rnddude (talk) 03:58, 8 October 2017 (UTC)
* It sounds like we are actually in agreement. You are making an IAR argument, rather than one based on WP:N or WP:V. You are also arguing NOTNEWS (which I don't think was plain the first time around). Though I disagree with you and claim this mostly falls under "IDONTLIKEIT", it is a good and quite reasonable IAR argument. You were just using words that are part of the Wikipedia jargon while meaning the common-use definition of the words, so I found that confusing. Thanks for clarifying. Hobit (talk) 12:27, 8 October 2017 (UTC)
* I can understand that using the common definition of words and wikijargon in the same comment can lead to confusion. Especially given that I reference WP:V in the first sentence and then "real world" verifiability in the very next one. I tend to link and ALLCAPS wikijargon, but, it looks weird in a sentence so I was linking without allcaps. I'll avoid doing that in the future. Mr rnddude (talk) 14:28, 8 October 2017 (UTC)
* Delete This fails guidelines of verifiability. Wikipedia needs to make assentions based on reliable sources. Wikipedia is also not news. This is why we should shy away from covering events that are immediate. There are lots of unverified claims made about Neher driven by the mindset of news, and the willingness of journalists, especially in this day and age, to run up stories. I have seen lots of totally false claims sourced to newspaper writers who didnt bother to source their information. In this case we have the added problem that people are not even making false claims per se, they are hedging their bets. The problem is that high school football is not covered in a deep enough way or well documented enough to make the claims in this article easy to back. Lacking truly scholarly sources discussing Neher, I feel we should not create an article based on just one event.John Pack Lambert (talk) 06:00, 7 October 2017 (UTC)
* Trying to understand your rationale. Not familiar with the term "assentions" as something we do here at Wikipedia, or otherwise in the English language. Can you clarify? Also, can you identify which policy or guideline it is that you believe requires "truly scholarly sources" (as opposed to WP:RS) as an element of notability in this case? Cbl62 (talk) 14:36, 7 October 2017 (UTC)
* There's no reason to doubt its verifiability. It's been covered in numerous reliable sources. It's obviously true. Do you have an argument on actual notability, or is this just another one of your highly questionable delitionist votes? Smartyllama (talk) 14:28, 8 October 2017 (UTC)
* Commewnt The attempts to attack people above for "insulting" this minor totally misunderstand BLP policies. BLP policies should say we delete if there is any debate if the person is notable. If saying they are "notable" is a potential insult, that they could take exception to if they read this discussion, than it is an argument that the article should be deleted.John Pack Lambert (talk) 06:07, 7 October 2017 (UTC)
* First of all, assuming you are referring to me, it wasn't an attack. It was a polite reminder. I tried for a very polite reminder. An attack would have been to start shouting "BLP". Secondly, part of the problem is that on Wikipedia, Notability is a term of art that means there is significant coverage in multiple independent sources, which is different than what the English word means. So it is easy for outsiders to get confused when we use the term and think we are saying that what they did was not worthy of note. Finally, it _is_ a term of art. She is well past the notability requirements--the sources are multiple, non-trivial in depth and independent. There are _other_ reasons one could argue to delete this article, but notability isn't one of them. Hobit (talk) 17:33, 7 October 2017 (UTC)
* Comment The aftermath section is full of unsupported assertions and original research. Specifically, the claims that the actions of people such as Buchanan in Hawaii have anything to do with the actions of Neher in any way is not supported by articles on Buchanan. This is a standard example of peacocking to try to make a subject more significant than they are. We have very, very stringent rules on high school sports figure notability for a reason. High school accomplishments only very, very rarely are enough to make someone notable. The lack of any reliable coverage on Neher in October says to me that there is no sign that the coverage is more than a passing fad.John Pack Lambert (talk) 06:25, 7 October 2017 (UTC)
* Keep largely per David Eppstein above, a sound argument that was never refuted. This is a notable first in a sport and has received coverage well beyond the routine or local Man Bites Dog human interest stories. TheValeyard (talk) 13:58, 7 October 2017 (UTC)
* WP:NHSPHSATH is a requisite, but not a sufficient one. WP:BLP1E also needs to be satisfied: WP:BLP1E lays out three criteria that must be met and very thoroughly demonstrates that it is too soon to objectively assess the coverage of Neher against the second criterion and that the third criterion simply hasn't been met as yet. You make a fair point that nobody has convincingly refuted WP:NHSPHSATH, but both WP:NHSPHSATH and WP:BLP1E need to be met and nobody has as yet convincingly argued that they have been. Betty Logan (talk) 15:11, 7 October 2017 (UTC)
* Parroting the bad responses of other deletion-minded editors at everyone who wishes to keep the article won't get you very far. BLP1E does not apply here, as there was coverage of the subject before the TD pass, coverage which only increased, nationally, when the TD "event" took place. TheValeyard (talk) 16:22, 7 October 2017 (UTC)
* I was addressing a specific flaw in your response. Considering only a single requisite for inclusion and supporting it as if it were a wholly sufficient condition for inclusion is hardly the most persuasive argument put forward in this discussion. Betty Logan (talk) 16:35, 7 October 2017 (UTC)
* There is no flaw in my argument. You keep trying to make a laughably bad case for BLP1E, an assertion that has been thoroughly punctured and left for dead. TheValeyard (talk) 00:15, 8 October 2017 (UTC)
* Unfortunately, you've both got my arguments wrong here. My !vote was against the BLP1E assertion. Articles should not meet BLP1E; We should generally avoid having an article on a person when each of three conditions is met. If BLP1E is met, then that is an argument to delete. If BLP1E is not met, then that is an argument to keep. As point 1 is clearly not met, point 2 is not currently met, but, point 3 is met, BLP1E is not met and so isn't a valid reason to delete. My main focus with regards to deletion was verifiability with some mentions of NOTNEWS and INDISCRIMINATE. Mr rnddude (talk) 16:52, 7 October 2017 (UTC)
* I am sorry if I misinterpreted your answer. I thought you were arguing that it possibly did apply because doubt exists in the sources that there was indeed a second event, at least in the context that would make it notable. That would seem to go to the heart of debate if you ask me. You made some great points anyway so it's a tad unfair to categorise your reply as a "bad response", even if it was badly "parroted"! Betty Logan (talk) 18:00, 7 October 2017 (UTC)
* , thanks and it's ok. I understand where you might have misinterpreted me. It's actually the pre-event coverage, the actually verifiable (she did join a squad) if non-notable NOTNEWS one (she's not the first to join a squad and this is hardly significant), that negates BLP1E for me. Events 1 and 2 are both unverifiable per the FHSAA's own statements, so for me personally, whether they are even events is questionable. Hmm, guess that leaves the one pre-event event. Heh. Mr rnddude (talk) 18:30, 7 October 2017 (UTC)
* - Please refrain from stating my motivations or thoughts for me. I neither appreciate it, nor are you likely to do them any justice as you are not in my head - I refer to your deletion-minded comment which is not at accurate. I made arguments for both sides and then made my stance. Please read my BLP1E comments, as it is very, very clear that you have not done so; I can't support the assertion that this BLP fits BLP1E's three conditions. I.e., I do not support deletion on the conditions of BLP1E. I get it, my comments are tl;dr, but, if you don't read them, don't comment on them. Mr rnddude (talk) 16:52, 7 October 2017 (UTC)
* I did not, at any time, address you, bro. So, get your dander up, and your reading glasses, and direct them at someone who cares. TheValeyard (talk) 00:15, 8 October 2017 (UTC)
* Betty Logan only mentioned my !vote and she's only commented to you about !votes, so your bad responses and deletion-minded comments were directed at me implicitly. Beyond that, the rest can go back in where it came out. Mr rnddude (talk) 03:11, 8 October 2017 (UTC)
* So if someone comments generally about bad editors making bad deletion rationales, and you assume (you know what they say about assuming) they mean you... Deep down, you know your argument is meritless, and are just on the "delete for the sake of deletion" bandwagon. TheValeyard (talk) 03:33, 8 October 2017 (UTC)
* Try re-reading. Or get a dictionary and find out what an implication is. Mr rnddude (talk) 04:02, 8 October 2017 (UTC)
* Your guilt complex is not my responsibility, brah. Reading glasses, they even come ion hipster tints nowadays. TheValeyard (talk) 04:22, 8 October 2017 (UTC)
* Delete per Mr rnddude. We don't know that it's a notable first at all... the sources are not sure, so we can't be sure ... so it's a waffle of an article that's been puffed up to look more important. Ealdgyth - Talk 14:09, 7 October 2017 (UTC)
* Delete Saw this referenced on AN. This is clearly covered by BLP1E. However, that policy is contradicted by the notability guideline for high school athletes. The solution is to tweak the guideline to make it consistent with policy. Simple. We can't have articles based on one friggin throw of a ball in Florida by some high school kid. I've commenced a discussion on the guideline's talk page, and interested parties are encouraged to participate. Coretheapple (talk) 14:12, 7 October 2017 (UTC)
* Delete Should we acknowledge the first woman to pass a touchdown pass in each of the fifty states? How about the first to rush in for a TD? It's far too trivial and narrow an accomplishment, and there was bound to be some woman that would be the first to have made this if it wasn't her. If she ends up with a professional career, we can cover this there. --M ASEM (t) 15:09, 7 October 2017 (UTC)
* Keep WP:BLP1E does not apply because it requires three conditions and these are not satisfied. WP:GNG does apply because we have lots of sources. Articles about sports people have a low threshold for inclusion -- see Chitty (cricketer) -- and this subject looks well-covered by comparison. Andrew D. (talk) 15:30, 7 October 2017 (UTC)
* BLP1E does not apply Many delete !votes are citing WP:BLP1E, but it does not apply here. One of the condition to use BLP1E states: "If reliable sources cover the person only in the context of a single event." However, Neher has received significant, non-routine, independent coverage for at least 3 distinct events already: 1. trying out for the boys' team ("Holly Neher is 5-foot-2 girl and isn't shying from playing quarterback" August 17, 2017. USA Today), 2. Throwing a touchdown pass ("Holly Neher won a place in history, and her own Wikipedia page, with just one throw". September 5, 2017. News.com.au) and 3. Becoming a starter ("High school QB reflects on becoming the 1st woman to start in Florida history". October 6, 2017. ABC News)—Bagumba (talk) 17:17, 7 October 2017 (UTC)
* The ABC News article shows in the snippet that it is reflecting on an event a month ago. This source shows that notability is still increasing, so that notability is still a moving target. The arguments to merge and delete as per WP:IAR have enough merit to consider, but IMO they don't overcome our WP:Deletion policy and our WP:Editing policy, and partial deletion doesn't leave a path forward for what will happen if notability continues to increase. Unscintillating (talk) 19:04, 7 October 2017 (UTC)
* Eqach individual step in become a player on the team is not a separate event. DGG ( talk ) 00:37, 8 October 2017 (UTC)
* Why not? Are you saying a player playing an entire season and getting coverage for it is somehow one event? That's a major change to our athlete criteria. Is being a movie star "one event"? I generally think an event is just that, a single event. A season of play isn't that. Hobit (talk) 01:42, 8 October 2017 (UTC)
* Please explain how she is allegedly famous for only one event then.—Bagumba (talk) 01:47, 8 October 2017 (UTC)
* Of course BLP1E applies. The argument that the routine events of a single football season (trying out - throwing a touchdown - making the starting line-up) don't make up a single event is fallacious. We might as well make the argument that taking part on a talent show over a few episodes represents multiple events because the contestant sang a different song each week. The question you need to ask yourself is when the event/events are viewed in years to come, will they be remembered as separate or as part of a single, coherent whole? For anybody uninvolved, Holly Neher's football season is a single entity, which (interesting as it is) still falls under what we understand by BLP1E. --RexxS (talk) 01:52, 8 October 2017 (UTC)
* You've already sabotaged your own argument by referring to them as "events", plural. The subject received coverage in reliable sources, coverage that went beyond normal, routine, or purely local. Deletion-happy editors around here sure are a funny bunch. TheValeyard (talk) 02:46, 8 October 2017 (UTC)
* I'm not deletion-happy, and if you were to read, sonny, you'd notice my !vote is to merge the content into the appropriate article. I blame the teachers for the illiteracy. Single-minded pedants like you have no concept of what the intention of BLP1E is: it doesn't matter if a single event – like a girl gets to play for a high-school american football team – extends over multiple individual events (matches); it's still all part of the same thing. You're going for exactly the same argument as I deflated above: there's no difference between a player's season and a contestant appearing on consecutive weeks of a TV show. We don't write BLPs about the player or the contestant if that's all they have done that is notable. Yes of course, Neher received coverage in multiple sources, likely enough to pass GNG. But GNG is only one hurdle: Neher received attention for one thing and one thing only: she played american football at high-school, and BLP1E says we have better places to report that coverage than a BLP. --RexxS (talk) 22:44, 8 October 2017 (UTC)
* Delete and merge: As outlined at WP:N, for a subject to become a stand-alone article it has three hurdles to pass: (i) it passes our definition of notability – passes WP:GNG and isn't excluded by WP:NOT; (ii) it isn't a BLP1E which would be more appropriately covered within a broader article; (iii) editors agree that the topic should have a stand-alone article. In this case, all the conditions for WP:BLP1E apply: all of the coverage is about Neher's nascent career in gridiron; there is no indication that Neher is likely to receive coverage beyond that narrow reach; and {iii} a female playing gridiron may be a novelty, but that doesn't make it significant. On balance, although a BLP of Neher is conceivable, we would be better to discuss her achievement in the context of List of female American football players as proposed by, particularly as the High School section notes "more than 1,900 girls who played high school football in 2016". --RexxS (talk) 01:52, 8 October 2017 (UTC)
* So delete and merge...that sounds like it is delete and redirect, and add attribution for the already-merged material. Please state a reason for deleting the article's history. See WP:IGNORINGATD for more information. Unscintillating (talk) 03:05, 8 October 2017 (UTC)
* Please read MOS:LISTGAP and learn how to indent your replies. My !vote doesn't just sound like "delete and redirect", it is "delete and redirect". Delete the content and redirect the title. There's no reason for me to state a reason for deleting the article's history, because I'm not suggesting that. The history of the redirect contains all of the article history – didn't you realise that? If there is any further encyclopedic information in Holly Neher at the time it is converted to a redirect, then it should be merged into the target article, of course. Hence delete and merge. And please don't quote essays at me. They do nothing but show how weak your argument is. Clear enough now? --RexxS (talk) 22:58, 8 October 2017 (UTC)
* Ok, I read MOS:LISTGAP, now I suggest you need to do some reading to come up to speed on deletion theory, and that essay you refuse to read is a crash course. Use of the word "delete" means that you want the closer to use admin tools. The !vote you've described, as further confirmed by your new comment above, is Merge, or perhaps Redirect with option to merge. Unscintillating (talk) 23:34, 8 October 2017 (UTC)
* Delete The topic concerns an event from just over a month ago—if the pass had been unsuccessful there would be no basis for an article. The flurry of excitement since the single event might be the basis for an article that collects similar milestones with analysis from secondary sources showing the long-term significance of the events, but the Aftermath section currently in the article is wildly out of place. Johnuniq (talk) 03:42, 8 October 2017 (UTC)
* You do realize we have a number of high-quality national-level sources from before the pass, yes? WP:N was met before that, so we did have a basis without said pass. Hobit (talk) 12:32, 8 October 2017 (UTC)
* , I'm only replying to this because you've asked the question several times and been ignored (I've been not commenting here to try to conserve space in a messy AfD), but the coverage before the pass is still the same event: one high school football season. That's all she's done. 1E applies here. Even if you consider each step desperate, NHSPHSATH would exclude her because two months is not prolonged coverage. Anyway, hope all is well with you :) TonyBallioni (talk) 14:01, 8 October 2017 (UTC)
* Thanks for the reply (seriously). The NHSPHSATH case can be made, though I'd argue strongly that the intent of that paragraph is to exclude routine coverage and it doesn't anticipate a high-school student receiving national and international coverage. But no, I really don't think there is a case for a season of football being a single event. As far as I know, we don't exclude actors because their only significant work was a season of TV. Nor do we exclude athletes because they only did something significant for a single season. Quite the opposite, if she'd played a single point on a professional team, we wouldn't even be having this discussion at all. Hobit (talk) 14:19, 8 October 2017 (UTC)
* Delete - as Mrs May said, “nothing has changed”. I read the article again and it reminded me of ’s work on Tara Teng, obsessive documentation of a young person, and that’s not a good thing. <b style="color:#7F007F">Ritchie333</b> <sup style="color:#7F007F">(talk) <sup style="color:#7F007F">(cont) 09:08, 8 October 2017 (UTC)
* Incubate. I really don't see the rationale for deleting this outright. It's not a 1E situation because she had coverage before she threw the TD pass, and is/was notable on several accounts. There's 7 weeks of coverage already in the article. We don't know what is coming next and it would be inappropriate to delete the article prematurely, in my opinion. At the very least, this should be merged or redirected instead of deleted, because we might have to reconstruct the whole thing at some point. Softlavender (talk) 12:39, 8 October 2017 (UTC)
* Delete per nom, High school athlete. Too trivial for encyclopaedia. Not everything that is in the papers deserves an article in Wikipedia. There is a reason we have WP:NHSPHSATH. First female (maybe!) to throw a touchdown in a high school game in the state of Florida? Is that the claim to notability? Are we going to have 50 such articles? And then 50 for each other level of the game? And the same again for first females to kick field goals?. Or is it the "first female to start at quarterback in Broward County"? So we can expect another 3006 of these?. And another 3007 for females starting at Center? And then do we have one for every first transsexual in every county?, every first gay?..., Coverage is fairly standard hype for sports coverage at this level. Her 15 minutes of fame is already covered at List of female American football players. WP:TOOSOON If she goes on and does something truly notable in her football careeer then it is time for a stand alone article, but throwing a touchdown pass in a high school game is not particularly notable. Club Oranje T 13:44, 8 October 2017 (UTC)
* Delete and redir to List of female American football players, and build a good entry there, per WP:NOT and WP:BLP1E; I don't by the "BLP1E doesn't really apply" handwaving. The analyses I see above of why it does apply are more convincing, the material is terrible, and this does have more of the character of event coverage than biography. Should this person become more notable later, I have no prejudice against a full article, but this is not the first female American football player, so there isn't even an incidental historicity claim to make here. — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ >ʌⱷ҅ᴥⱷʌ< 22:29, 8 October 2017 (UTC)
* Delete. NOTNEWS. A high school football game news flash. The article is Reference bombed, but there is no substance to support a full biography on the child. --SmokeyJoe (talk) 01:19, 9 October 2017 (UTC)
* Given the WP:MAD problem, what should the closer do about the merged material? Unscintillating (talk) 01:47, 9 October 2017 (UTC)
* Redirect and Protect to the target, until solved, or indefinitely. It's not as if the content is actually problematic. The BLP problem will come in the future, when, on the basis of one throw, a young lady has her personal life randomly added and removed from a Wikipedia article. --SmokeyJoe (talk) 04:32, 9 October 2017 (UTC)
* Should we consider your above "Delete" to be redacted?—Bagumba (talk) 05:18, 9 October 2017 (UTC)
* I'm not sure, I have not examined the need for attribution of a merge somewhere. Someone says there is no problem. If there is no attribution problem, then delete. If some attribution is required to be preserve, then redirect and protect, and this should be considered a Pseudo-deletion by redirection. --SmokeyJoe (talk) 06:50, 9 October 2017 (UTC)
* The closer does not have to do anything in this regard. The two sentences that were copied over were contributed by Paulmcdonald and corrected the page history to account for the copyright attribution. Betty Logan (talk) 01:59, 9 October 2017 (UTC)
* Yes: there are no copyright issues with this deletion. There was one contributor of the prose that was copy and he has been attributed, fulfilling the CC-BY-SA 3.0 requirements. This was such a small merge that identifying the exact author of the text that was copied was very easy. TonyBallioni (talk) 02:09, 9 October 2017 (UTC)
* If he was ok with keeping the merged material, what happened to a delete and redirect? He might want the merged material deleted, and since the child was mentioned, he might want the title salted. Since delete goes against WP:ATD policy, what was the WP:IAR reason to delete the edit history? Unscintillating (talk) 04:24, 9 October 2017 (UTC)
* Merge and redirect to List of female American football players per the editing policy WP:PRESERVE: "Instead of removing content from an article, consider ... Merging the entire article into another article with the original article turned into a redirect as described at performing a merge." I also have no problem if this is kept ; the notability guideline WP:WHYN is met, specifically "we can actually write a whole article, rather than half a paragraph or a definition of that topic." There's enough non-routine coverage about the person, not just the events, that discuss her childhood and the influence of her mom's battle with cancer. BLP1E arguments are unconvincing, especially those combining multiple events (each of which received signifiant, non-routine coverage) to one season. PRESERVE at a minimum.—Bagumba (talk) 05:03, 9 October 2017 (UTC)
* Delete Doesn't meet GNG. Only in death does duty end (talk) 11:22, 9 October 2017 (UTC)
* I'm working hard not to badger everyone, but this one sucked me in. Could you explain how the GNG isn't met? We have numerous sources solely on the subject that are independent of the subject. I don't think anyone above has claimed the GNG isn't met. Could you explain? Hobit (talk) 17:56, 9 October 2017 (UTC)
* Hogwash, we have one source, that was tweaked but was still the same source, about one specific thing the subject did, and absolutely no noticeable coverage in any other context.John Pack Lambert (talk) 03:20, 10 October 2017 (UTC)
* Certainly. News articles written about current/single events are almost universally primary sources. WP:GNG is clear that sources should be secondary sources, not primary, as primary sources do not demonstrate notability. For further explanation of what is a primary source, see WP:PRIMARY and WP:USEPRIMARY. Almost all (if not every one) sources currently in the article are considered primary by our guidelines. WP:GNG requires multiple secondary sources. Only in death does duty end (talk) 08:12, 10 October 2017 (UTC)
* A newspaper article written by someone who wasn't there and is instead interviewing others, is, by definition, a secondary source. This idea that news sources are primary sources is a bit silly. Hobit (talk) 16:25, 10 October 2017 (UTC)
* Strong keep well referenced article, meets the GNG. gidonb (talk) 01:05, 10 October 2017 (UTC)
* Comment Per the guideline WP:NOTTEMPORARY: Notability is not temporary; once a topic has been the subject of "significant coverage" in accordance with the general notability guideline, it does not need to have ongoing coverage. However, many delete !votes are asking for "prolonged" coverage of months or even years.—Bagumba (talk) 01:59, 10 October 2017 (UTC)
* They are mistaken, aren't they? Instead of asking for "ongoing coverage", they should be asking for NOTNEWS coverage, for coverage that is not simply fact-reporting, but proper secondary sources that do commentary, analysis and opinion from a historical perspective. News reporting does not meet the GNG because from a historical perspective news reports are not secondary sources. --SmokeyJoe (talk) 02:28, 10 October 2017 (UTC)
* There is nothing in Notability that requires a "historical" perspective. The presumption is that if a topic has received significant coverage in reliable sources that are independent of the subject, it is presumed to be suitable for a stand-alone article or list. In sports, primary sources such as play-by-play gamelogs do not establish notability, nor do casual name mentions in a game summary that was going to be written as part of routine coverage. That is what WP:NOTNEWS refers to, or the equivalent of a cat being rescued from a tree article. A player having multiple articles of significant depth by beat writers or columnists where they are the primary subject and the subject of commentary is not routine, and is a secondary source.—Bagumba (talk) 02:55, 10 October 2017 (UTC)
* Actually there is; WP:ANYBIO, which is the part of subject specific guideline for notability of people, and which clearly applies here as it is a biographical article, clearly states The person has made a widely recognized contribution that is part of the enduring historical record in his or her specific field.. Many Wikipedia s seem to think if there are a few newspaper articles it passes GNG and therefore it deserves an article, but GNG is just the broad brush start point and Notability (people) is the actual guideline that should be followed. Club Oranje T 07:01, 10 October 2017 (UTC)
* OK, WP:ANYBIO is part of Notability (people), while I was referring to Notability. That being said, we don't necessarily require history books. Reading footnote No. 8 to ANYBIO, it says: A politician who has received "significant press coverage" has been written about, in depth, independently in multiple news feature articles, by journalists. An actor who has been featured in magazines has been written about, in depth, independently in multiple magazine feature articles, by magazine article writers. Female sportspeople should not be held to a higher standard.—Bagumba (talk) 08:04, 10 October 2017 (UTC)
* "Requires" is an overly strong word to pull from a guideline. An encyclopedia is an historiographical document, the policy on sources is found at WP:PSTS, and the policy points to secondary source (mainspace article) use. The problem with the multiple articles is that they all say the same thing and they recount the same event. You say "significant coverage"? I can't agree. Breathless excitement about a brief event, in the backdrop of the significant event of females playing football. When the excitement dies down, with the passage of just a little time, it will then become obvious that these beat writers and columnists made no transformational contribution, and that everything written is a primary source. I suspect that in time, the event may be notable in terms of the breaking of gender barriers, but collectively with other similar events. That does not mean that Holly is personally Wikipedia-Notable. The event received a burst of news coverage due to her being a young lady, not due to here being Holly. --SmokeyJoe (talk) 07:05, 10 October 2017 (UTC)
* I can respect if you don't believe significant coverage exists here. It's a subjective call either way. My objection is with those who !voted delete that were asking for "prolonged" coverage, which is a higher bar than WP:NOTTEMPORARY.—Bagumba (talk) 08:04, 10 October 2017 (UTC)
* The "prolonged" coverage element is built into WP:NHSPHSATH. It applies only to high school athletes. Cbl62 (talk) 08:15, 10 October 2017 (UTC)
* Sounds like a corollary to WP:SUSTAINED (which is part of WP:N, not GNG). WP:SUSTAINED says: "If reliable sources cover a person only in the context of a single event, and if that person otherwise remains, or is likely to remain, a low-profile individual, we should generally avoid having a biographical article on that individual." Again, it falls back to people famous for one event. However, the essay WP:BLP2E is implicitly being invoked in this AfD, when the essay itself says: "It is a misconception of some editors that WP:BLP1E can be extended to two (or more) events."—Bagumba (talk) 10:52, 10 October 2017 (UTC)
* Comment <BLP violation removed> John Pack Lambert (talk) 03:17, 10 October 2017 (UTC)
* Please try to be nice. Neher is, I am sure, a very nice person with a great future, and we wish her all the best in future endeavours, unencumbered by a Wikipedia article based upon some excitement from an excellent play in her high school football game. --SmokeyJoe (talk) 06:50, 10 October 2017 (UTC)
* Regardless of the outcome of this AfD, your comments above referring to this young high school student as an <BLP violation removed above and as repeated here> are utterly condemnable and have no place on Wikipedia. Cbl62 (talk) 07:50, 10 October 2017 (UTC)
* Comment The explanatory supplement to the WP:Deletion policy, WP:Merge and delete, states in oldid=762419377:
* {| style="background:#DDFFFF"
Unless there is a particular reason to delete a redirect, admins should feel free to interpret "Merge and delete" votes as "Merge." A new editor may make such a vote without understanding the licensing requirements; this can be safely read as a merge vote. An advanced editor who wishes to argue for a merge and delete should make clear why the redirect would be unacceptable.
* }
* Posted by Unscintillating (talk) 09:43, 10 October 2017 (UTC)
* Personally I don't have a problem with a redirect (that is my preference expressed above) but I don't know why you are so hung up on the "licensing requirements". The two sentences I copied over were added by the same author when the article was in his sandbox, and Tony has sorted out the copyright attribution. There is no requirement from what I can see that a redirect be retained purely on the grounds of licensing. My argument for retaining a redirect is that we can link directly to the list entry and by retaining the article history it can always be resurrected at a later date if circumstances necessitate that, but that's just a practical argument. Betty Logan (talk) 13:12, 10 October 2017 (UTC)
* Posted by Unscintillating (talk) 09:43, 10 October 2017 (UTC)
* Personally I don't have a problem with a redirect (that is my preference expressed above) but I don't know why you are so hung up on the "licensing requirements". The two sentences I copied over were added by the same author when the article was in his sandbox, and Tony has sorted out the copyright attribution. There is no requirement from what I can see that a redirect be retained purely on the grounds of licensing. My argument for retaining a redirect is that we can link directly to the list entry and by retaining the article history it can always be resurrected at a later date if circumstances necessitate that, but that's just a practical argument. Betty Logan (talk) 13:12, 10 October 2017 (UTC)
* SNOW keep Yeah, yeah... I said that to make a point, albeit nondisruptively. Every !vote above this one citing BLP1E and NHSPHSATH should be read by the closing administrator as "keep" opinions, because nothing about either supports deletion given the facts of this case. I could care less about sports, and think High School (American) football should be banned as too injurious, but the fact is that this young lady made a legitimate first, has plenty of RS coverage about it. Since policy does not support deletion, the obvious question is why so many editors do? The obvious answers are not pleasant. Jclemens (talk) 16:34, 10 October 2017 (UTC)
* Keep. BLP1E does not apply since she is notable for two events - first starter, and first touchdown pass. Now I know diddly about high school football, but I can read: Reliable sources are treating these as two different events, ("Neher made history on Friday night, becoming the first female quarterback to start a high school football game in the state of Florida ... made national headlines three weeks ago when she played in her first varsity game and threw a 42-yard touchdown pass" Miami Herald, for example) so we should too. --GRuban (talk) 19:19, 10 October 2017 (UTC)
* Strong delete. This person is only notable for begging born female. She has not made history. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:58, 10 October 2017 (UTC)
* Interim tally. This AfD is a bit messy and unwieldy (110,000 bytes) so this is an attempt to summarize where the votes stand after one week:
* 21 "Delete": TheGracefulSlick, DGG, EEng, Cullen328, SchroCat, Reyk, Cassianto, Antonioatrylia, Begoon, DJSasso, Mendaliv, Calton, Mr rnddude, John Pack Lambert, Ealdgyth, Coretheapple, Masem, Johnuniq, Ritchie333, Cluboranje, Onlyindeath
* 13 "Keep": Hmlarson, Hobit, Paul McDonald, Lepricavark, Dysklyver, David Eppstein, The Vintage Feminist, Smartyllama, The Valeyard, Andrew D., gidonb, Jclemens, Gruban.
* 4 "Redirect": Unscintillating, Betty Logan, power~enwiki, Bagumba ("Merge and redirect")
* 3 "Delete and redirect": RexxS, SMcCandlish, SmokeyJoe ("Delete"/"Redirect and protect")
* 1 "Incubate" (or "at the very least merge and redirect"): Softlavender
* I think that covers it so far. Cbl62 (talk) 19:53, 10 October 2017 (UTC)
| WIKI |
Miller v. The State.
Bastardy Proceeding.
1. Bastardy proceeding; when prosecuted by minor she need not ap~ pear by next friend. — In a bastardy proceeding prosecuted by a minor in tlie name of the State, it is not necessary that the prosecutrix should appear by her next friend.
2. Same; no discontinuance by reason of clerk’s 'failure to docket case. The mere neglect of a clerk to docket a cause, does not work its discontinuance; and where in a prosecution for bastardy the defendant is bound over to appear at the next term of the circuit court to answer the charge, and at that term the case was not docketed and no order was made specially in regard to it, and neither the court nor solicitor had notice of the defendant having been bound over, but at the close of said term, the court entered a general order of continuance of all business not otherwise disposed of, there was no discontinuance of the prosecution ; the failure of the case to appear on the docket being attributable to the neglect of the clerk. (But the rule as to prisoners in jail is in no way modified.)
3. Same; amendment of complaint. — In a bastardy proceeding, while a complaint which avers, in the words of the Statute, (Or. Code, § 4842),that the prosecutrix “was pregnant with, or delivered of, a bastard child,” is not objectionable, there is no error in allowing it to be amended by striking out the words “or delivered of.”
4. Same; competency of secondary evidence of a letter. — In a prosecution for bastardy, it is competent for the State to prove the contents oí a letter written to the prosecutrix by the defendant, in which he advised her how to produce an abortion, although the letter had been destroyed by the prosecutrix herself; the fact of the destruction of the letter by the prosecutrix being a fact to be considered by the jury in determining her credibility, but not rendering the evidence of the contents of the letter incompetent and inadmissible.
5. Same; idenis sonans. — When the complaint in a bastardy proceeding spelled the given name of the prosecutrix “Leola,” and it was shown that her real name was “Leolar,” there is no such variance as to exclude evidence that Leolar was the prosecutrix and was the person pregnant; the doctrine of idems sonans applying to such a case.
6. Same; evidence that prosecutrix had been delivered of child admissible. — On the trial in a prosecution for bastardy, where the complaint avers that the prosecutrix “was pregnant with a bastard child,” without averring that she had been delivered of the child, evidence that the prosecutrix had been delivered of the child before the trial is admissible.
7. — On the trial in a bastardy proceeding, evidence that at one time the prosecutrix associated with another person, who had previously given birth to a bastard child is wholly irrelevant, and is properly excluded.
8. Same; evidence that prosecutrix and defendant were seen alone admissible. — On the trial in a bastardy proceeding, evidence that on one occasion the prosecutrix and the defendant were seen together alone, though a mere circumstance, is admissible for whatever it may be worth.
9. Same; statements made by defendant upon being arrested admissible. — Where at the time of being' arrested by an officer having two warrants, charging him as to the same woman with bastardy and seduction, the defendant said “it was pretty bad,” and upon being told by the officer, in answer to an inquiry, that the father of the young woman spoke of killing him, the defendant said that “he did not know that he could blame him,” such statements by the defendant are competent evidence against him, and admissible on his trial on the charge of bastardy.
10. Same; argument of counsel, commenting on failure of defandant to testify. — A bastardy proceeding, though penal in its character and quasi criminal, is not a criminal prosecution within the meaning of the statute which declares that in criminal prosecutions a defendant, at his own request, may become a competent witness, but forbids counsel from commenting on his failure to testify in his own behalf (Code, § 4473); and, therefore, it is not a reversible error that the prosecuting attorney, in his argument to the jury in a bastardy trial commented adversely upon the failure of the defendant to testify in his own behalf.
11. Charges of court to jvrg; no error to refuse those in effect the same, as others already given. — It is not error for a court to refuse to give charges which are mere repetitions of charges already given, or which are so near alike as to be in legal effect the same.
12. Same; should he clear. — Charges requested to be given to the, jury should be clear, explicit and easily understood; and when charges are involved in their meaning they are properly refused.
13. Bastardy; charges to the jury; failure of defendant to testify.— On a trial under a prosecution for bastardy, where it was shown that at the time there was an indictment pending against the defendant for the seduction of the prosecutrix in the bastardy proceeding, and the defendant did not testify as a witness in his own behalf, a charge to the jury “that if the defendant’s failure to testify was because of the pendency of a charge of seduction against him, and not because of a consciousness on his part that he is the father of the child, then it is not to be considered a circumstance against him,” is erroneous and properly refused.
14. Same; same; burden of proof. — 'To authorize a judgmenCagainst a defendant in a bastardy proceeding, the burden is upon the State to show that the defendant is the father of the bastard child, but it is not incumbent upon the State to introduce other affirmative evidence that no one else was the fattier; and a charge which asserts such a proposition is erroneous and properly refused.
15. Same; same; inconsistent, statements by prosecutrix. — On atrial in abastardy proceeding, a charge which instructs the jury “that if they find from the evidence that on a former occasion the prosecutrix has made a sworn statement inconsistent with her testimony on this occasion, and inconsistent with the guilt of the defendant, and the jury are unable to find to a reasonable certainty which of said statements are correct, then their verdict should be for the defendant,” is erroneous and properly refused in that it takes from the jury, in determining the guilt of defendant, the consideration of all other evidence in the case, except that of the prosecutrix.
16. Same; same; explanation of suspicious circumstances. — Wherein such a case there is evidence of suspicious circumstances tending to incriminate defendant, a charge which instructs the jury that “the defendant is not called upon to explain suspicious circumstances, but he may rely upon the weakness of the State’s case, and if the State fails to show by the evidence that the defendant is guilty to a reasonable certainty, the defendant need offer no explanation whatever, but may demand your verdict, because of the weakness of the case as made out by the State; and if the defendant does offer testimony, and this testimony explains only a part or portion of the circumstances surrounding the case, and the jury believe the State has failed to make out a case to their reasonable satisfaction, they should find for the defendant,” is both invasive of the province of the jury and argumentative, and, therefore, properly refused.
17. Same; same; measure of proof . — To authorize a verdict and judgment against the defendant in a bastardy proceeding, it is not necessary that the jury should be satisfied from the evidence of the defendant’s guilt to a moral certainty, or that they be “conclusively satisfied” thereof; and charges which exact such proof are properly refused as exacting too high a measure of proof; reasonable certainty being all that is required.
18. Same; same; determining the credibility of a witness. — A charge to the jury in such a case, which restricts the consideration of the jury, in determining the credibility of the prosecutrix as a witness, to “her testimony, and all the evidence which tended to contradict her,” and excludes from their consideration in such connection the evidence which tended to corroborate her, is erroneous and properly refused; the jury should consider all of the evidence, pro and con, which relates to each question in the case.
19. Same; same; same. — The weight to be given the testimony of a witness should be left to the determination of the jury ; and a charge which assumes that a witness “is shown to be unworthy of credit,” instead of predicating such conclusion upon the finding of the jury to that effect, when there is no evidence in the case to justify such assumption, is properly refused as containing an unwarranted assumption.
Appeal from the Circuit Court of Marshall.
Tried before the Hon. J. A. Bilbro.
This was a bastardy proceeding, commenced by the following affidavit being made before a justice of the peace of Marshall county., on November 2, 1893 :
“Personally appeared before me, Thos. J. Robertson, a justice of the peace in and for said State and county, Leola Lewis, who being duly sworn deposeth and saith that she is a single woman and residing in said county, and is pregnant with a bastard child, and that one Thomas J. Miller is the father of said bastard child.”
Upon this affidavit a writ of arrest was issued, which was executed by arresting the defendant, Thomas J. Miller, on November 7, 1898.
On January 5, 1894, the defendant was bound over by the justice of the peace to the circuit court to answer “A criminal prosecution for bastardy. ” On October 20, 1894, during the fall term of the circuit court of Marshall county, the solicitor of said circuit filed the following complaint:
“The State of Alabama by its solicitor complains and says that Leola Lewis, a single woman of said, county, was pregnant of and delivered of a bastard child in said county, and has made complaint on oath before Thos. J. Robertson, J. P. in and for Marshall county, where she was so pregnant, accusing one Thomas J. Miller of being the father of such child.”
The motion to dismiss the prosecution because of an alleged discontinuance and the facts pertaining thereto are sufficiently stated in the opinion. This motion was overruled, and the defendant duly excepted. Thereupon the defendant moved to strike the cause from the docket, and to dismiss the same upon the following grounds : 1st. That the suit is prosecuted in the relation of Leola Lewis, who is a minor under the age of 21 years, and there is no next friend ; and 2d, because the issue tendered by the solicitor in behalf of the State, does not aver that the defendant is the father of the bastard child. This motion was overruled, and the defendant duly excepted. After the court had sustained the defendant’s demurrer to two separate complaints filed by the State’s attorney the State' tendered a third complaint, which was as follows: ‘ ‘The State of Alabama, by its Solicitor, complains and says: That before the commencement of this prosecution, Leola Lewis, a single woman of said Marshall county and State of Alabama, was pregnant with, or delivered of a bastard child in Marshall county, and the State avers that Thomas J. Miller is the real father of the child.”
Defendant at once demurred to this complaint, upon the following grounds : First. Because of duplicity in said issue. Second. That it does not show that if she was pregnant with a bastard child before and at the commencement of this prosecution, she has been since delivered. Third. That it does not aver that prosecutrix was singlo at the commencement of the prosecution. Fourth. That it does not show that she is single now. Fifth. That it is a departure from the proceedings before the justice of the peace, in this, it avers a delivery of a bastard child, without averring it to be the one with which she was pregnant when this prosecution was commenced.
The court overruled this demurrer, and to this ruling the defendant duly excepted. The defendant pleaded the general issue as to the third complaint, and fhe trial was had upon issue formed on this plea.
The State then introduced the prosecutrix as a witness, and who testified in substance : I am single ; have never been married; am mother of a bastard child born November 27th, 1893 ; and there was no evidence tending to show that it was born at any other time than November 27th, 1893. Child at home and alive. Thomas Miller, the defendant, is father of child. The first time with him December 20th, 1892, while boarding at his house. I was boarding at his house going to school. He had intercourse with me from December 20th, 1892, and at different times, up to last of March, or first of April, 1893, when I left there and went home. This was in Marshall county, where Miller lived, and where my father lived. When I went home Miller told me he would get some medicine to make me miscarry, and said he would put it in a certain chestnut log by the side of the road near my father’s house. I found medicine there, and a note in Miller’s handwriting, and that I knew his handwriting, which note I destroyed. The State here offered to prove the contents of the note, and defendant objected because pros-ecutrix could not destoy evidence and then give secondhand rendition of it. The court overruled this objection and permitted the witness to give the contents of the note, and to this the defendant duly excepted.
Witness stated contents of note to be instructions how to take the medicine, and that if it was not enough, he would get some more ; and that if anything got the matter, to have no other doctor than Dr. Martin. Witness further testified that said pregnancy occurred in this county, and that she was not out of the county before the child was born, and that it was born in this county. The defendant being permitted, asked the witness to spell her name, which she did, and spelt “Leolar Lewis.” The defendant then moved to exclude the evidence of the witness, because the name of the person named in the complaint, and other papers, including the affidavit and issue made up in this case,as being pregnant with, or delivered of, a bastard child, is “LeolaLewis,” and not the name of witness. The court overruled the motion, and to this ruling of the court the defendant duly excepted.
The witness then testified that at the time she signed affidavit charging the defendant with being the father of her child, and set out in this bill, she had not then been delivered of a child. The defendant then moved to exclude all that witness had said about having given birth to a child, on the ground that the issue made up, andón which the defendant went to the jury, alleged that she was pregnant with, or delivered of a child before the commencement of this prosecution. This motion the court overruled, and to this ruling of the court the defendant duly excepted.
After this the court permitted the Solicitor to strike out from his complaint, or tender of issue, the words, “or delivered of,” against the objection of the defendant, and to this action of the court the defendant duly excepted.
The State introduced as a witness one J. L.Turk, who testified that he had met the defendant and prosecutrix at one time, on the road fiom her father’s house, riding in a cart, and that no one was with them. The defendant objected to this testimony, because irrelevant and immaterial. The court overruled the objection, and the defendant duly excepted.
Upon the examination of Jonn T. Buchanan, as a witness for the State, he testified that he was the constable who arrested Miller ; that when he arrested him he had warrants charging him with bastardy and seduction, and that when he read the warrants to him, he, Miller, said,
‘ ‘it was pretty bad, and asked him if Lewis was mad ; that he told defendant he thought that Lewis was mad and spoke of killing the defendant; that thereupon the defendant said that he did not know that he could blame him, or words to that effect.” The defendant objected to this testimony because irrelevant and immaterial, and not a voluntary confession. The court overruled the objection, and to this ruling the defendant duly excepted.
Upon the examination of the prosecutrix as a witness, the defendant asked her as to her association with certain persons and in reference to certain immodest acts committed by her in the presence of certain named persons, and if she did not allow certain other persons to hug and kiss her at certain times. The prosecutrix as a witness, in answer to these questions denied ever having done or permitted such things. The defendant introduced evidence tending to contradict the prosecutrix in reference to such acts, and also tending to contradict her in reference to other statements made by her concerning her relation with the defendant. The other rulings of the court upon the evidence are sufficiently stated in the opinion.
The Solicitor, during his closing argument, commented on the failure of the defendant to testify, saying among other things, in substance, that he of all men, knew whether he had an opportunity to be the father of the child, and that he had heard the prosecutrix swear he was, and that he was the only man with whom she had ever had sexual intercouse, and he had sat silently by and had not denied it. It was admitted in this connection, that -at the time of the trial of this cause, there was pending in the circuit court of Marshall county, a criminal prosecution against defendant for the alleged seduction of the prosecutrix'in this cause in December, 1892; that the State insisted the defendant cohabited with prosecu-trix on divers occasions after this, from which she finally became pregnant, and that this bastardy proceeding was on account of such pregnancy.
To this the defendant objected, and asked the court to instruct the jury to disregard this argument, because it was improper. The court overruled this objection, and permitted the argument to be made, and to this action of the court the defendant duly excepted.
The defendant asked the court to give each of the following written charges, each of which the court refused, and to the refusal of the court to give each of said charges the defendant separately excepted : (1.) “The burden of the proof is upon the State to show that the defendant, and not anyone else, is the father of the child; and not upon the defendant to show that some one else was the father of the child.” (2.) “The burden of proof is upon the State to prove to the reasonable satisfaction of the jury, that the defendant is the real father of the child, and the State has not done this if the evidence leaves the mind of the jury in such a state of doubt that they cannot say with reasonable certainty that the defendant and no one else is the father of the child.” (3.) “The court charges the jury that if the child was born on the 27th day of November, 1898, it was not begotten before the first day of February, 1893.” (5.) “The court charged the jury that the period of gestation is ordinarily two hundred and eighty days, and a child born greatly longer- than this, after se ¿cual intercourse with defendant, would be presumptively the child of someother person.” (6.) “The court charges the jury, that before you can find that the defendant is the father of this child, it must be proven to the reasonable satisfaction of the jury that defendant had sexual intercourse with the said Leola Lewis, within the period of gestation, and, if after considering all the evidence the jury are unable to say, with reasonable certainty, that he did have sexual intercourse with her within that period, then they must find for the defendant.” (7.) “The court charges the jury that if the defendant’s failure to testify was because of the-pendency in this court of a charge of seduction against him, and not because of a consciousness on his part that he is the father of the child, then it is not to be considered as a circumstance against him.” (11.) “The court ’charges the jury that if they find from the evidence that ón a former occasion the prosecutrix has made a sworn statement inconsistent with her testimony on this occasion, and inconsistent with the guilt of the defendant, and the jury are unable to find to a reasonable certainty which of said statements are correct, then their verdict should be for the defendant.” (12.) “In this case the defendant is not called upon to explain suspicious circumstances, and he may rely on the weakness of the State’s case, and if the State fails to show by the evidence that the defendant is guilty, to a reasonable certainty, the defendant need offer no explanation whatever, but may demand your verdict, because of the weakness of the case as made out by the State ; and if the defendant does offer testimony, and this testimony explains only a part or portion of the circumstances surrounding the case, and the jury believe the State has failed to make out. a case to their reasonable satisfaction, they should find for the defendant.” (13.) “The court charges the jury that if the child in question was born on the 27th day of November, 1893, it was not begotten on January 1st, 1893, and if the jury are not satisfied to a reasonable certainty that the defendant had sexual intercourse with the prosecutrix after the first day of January, 1893, their verdict must be for the defendant.” (16.) “The court charges the jury that if they find from the evidence that the name of the mother of the alleged bastard child is Leolar Lewis, they will find for the defendant.” (17.) ‘ ‘The court charges the jury, that they will find the issue in favor of the defendant.” (18.) ‘ ‘The court charges the jury that evidence that Leolar Lewis was pregnant, does not support an allegation that Leola Lewis was pregnant.” (19.) ‘‘The court charges the jury, that the complaint containing no averment that the prosecutrix, who was pregnant with a bastard child at the time of the commencement of this prosecution, has been delivered of a bastard child since, and the period of gestation having long since expired, the verdict of the jury should be for the defendant.” (20.) “The court charges the jury, that in the first place, the burden of proof is on the State to show you that the defendant is the real father of the child, and if you are not satisfied he (the defendant) is the real father, and that no other person was the father of the child, you cannot find for the State, but your verdict should be for the defendant.” (22.) “If other men than defendant were having intercourse with prosecu-trix while defendant was having intercourse with her, if he did have intercourse with her, then the court charges the jury that they' must be convinced further that by some means, or by certain other acts, that the jury are convinced to be true, that prosecutrix was with child by defendant, and if the jury are not satisfied to a moral certainty of the truth of this, the defendant ought to be acquitted.” (23.) “The court charges the jury that if the evidence in this case is such as to leave them without the means of arriving at a conclusion to a reasonable certainty, as to whether defendant had sexual intercourse with the prosecutrix after the first day of January, 1893, their verdict should be for the defendant.” (24.) “The court charges the jury that if from all the evidence in the case, they are not able to arrive with reasonable certainty to the conclusion that the defendant had sexual intercourse with the prosecutrix, within the period of gestation, their verdict should be for defendant. The court charges the jury, that if the child was born on the 27th day of November, 1893, it was begotten on or about the 15th day of March, 1893, and if the jury are not reasonably satisfied that defendant had sexual intercourse with prosecutrix after the first day of January, 1893, their verdict must be for the defendant.” (26.) “The court charges the jury that if defendant did not have sexual intercourse with prosecutrix after the first day of January, 1893, he is not the father of the child in question.” (28.) “The court charges the jury that they cannot consider the failure of the defendant to testify in this case.” (32.) “The court charges the jury that the argument of the solicitor, that defendant failed to testify is a circumstance against him, was improper, and you will disregard it altogether, and allow it no influence with you in arriving at a verdict.” (34.) “The court charges the jury that if they have any reasonable doubt of the guilt of the defendant, they will find for the defendant and acquit him.” (35.) “The court charges the jury that it is the duty of the State to prove to their satisfaction, beyond all reasonable doubt, that the defendant is the father of the child.” (39.) “The court charges the jury that unless the evidence discloses to the reasonable and fairly conclusive satisfaction of the jury that the defendant is the father of the child, as set forth in the complaint in this case, then the defendant should be acquitted.” (44.) “The court charges the jury that they may look to the fact, if it be a fact, that the prosecutrix swore before the grand jury at the Fall Term, 1893, of the circuit court of this county, that defendant had not had sexual intercourse with her after January 1, 1893, in connection with all the other evidence in the case, in determining what weight they will give to the testimony of the prosecutrix in this case, and if from her testimony, and all the evidence tending to contradict her, if there be such evidence, the jury are not able to say whether the defendant had sexual intercourse with the prosecutrix after the first day of January, 1893, then their verdict should be for the defendant.” (51.) “The court charges the jury that the testimony of witness for the prosecution, who is shown to be unworthy of credit, is not sufficient to justify a conviction without corroborating evidence, and such corroborating evidence to avail anything, must be of a fact tending to show the guilt of the defendant.”
The following written charges, numbered 1 to 10 inclusive, are the written charges that were given at the request of the defendant: (1.) “The court charges the jury that if the testimony is of such a character that they are unable to believe it ,to that extent which will convince to a reasonable certainty that defendant is the father of the child, their verdict will be for the defendant.” (2.) “The law requires the State to make out its case in this kind of proceeding, and unless the jury believe the evidence so strongly as to be convinced of the truth of the statements in the complaint, to a reasonably honest certainty, then the defendant should be acquitted.” (8.) “The court charges the jury, that if they are left in such doubt as to whether the defendant had sexual intercourse with prosecutrix after the first day of January, 1893, as to prevent their reaching a conclusion toa reasonable satisfaction of the fact that the defendant is the father of the child, their verdict must be for the defendant.” (4.) “The court charges the jury that if the evidence in the case leaves the'mind of the jury in that state of doubt and uncertainty that the jury cannot say with reasonable certainty that the defendant is the real father of the child, then they should find for the defendant.” (5.) “The court charges the jury that if what Miller said to the officer, if he said anything to him, proceeded from a consciousness that he had had sexual intercourse with the prose-cutrix not within the period of gestation, and not from a consciousness that he was the father of the child, then what he said to the officer is no evidence that he was the father of the child.” (6.) “If the jury find from the evidence that the pros-ecutrix has willfully testified falsely as to one fact, then they may look to this in connection with all the evidence, in order to determine whether or not she is worthy of credit, and if they find she is unworthy of credit, then they cannot find against the defendant, unless she is corroborated by other testimony sufficient with all the other evidence to reasonably satisfy the jury by the preponderance of the evidence; that the defendant is the father of the child.” (7.) “The court charges the jury that the defendant ought to be acquitted if 'you find from the evidence that the last time defendant had intercourse with prosecutrix was on January 1, 1893, and that the child was bom on November 27, 1893.” (8.) “The court charges the jury that the burden is upon the State to show to the reasonable satisfaction of the jury, by the preponderance of the evidence, that the defendant is the real father of the child, and until the State has done this, the defendant is not required to offer any evidence, either of himself or any other witness, and if after weighing all the evidence in the case, the jury is left in such a state of doubt and uncertainty that they cannot say with reasonable certainty that the defendant is the father of the child, then you cannot find against the defendant, even though he did not himself testify in the case.” (9.) “The court charges the jury that unless the defendant had sexual intercouso with the prosecutrix within the period of gestation, before the birth of the child, their verdict should be for the defendant” (10.) “The court charges the jury that if they find from the evidence in this case that the defendant did not have sexual intercourse with the pros-ecutrix after the first day of. January, 1893, and that the alleged bastard child of the prosecutrix was born on the 27th day of November, 1893, the verdict of the jury should be for the defendant.”
The jury returned the following verdict: “We the jury find the issue for the State, that the defendant is the real father of the child,” and the court rendered judgment accordingly. From this judgment the defendant appeals, and assigns as error the several rulings of the trial court to which exceptions were reserved.
O. D. Street and Lusk & Bell, for appellant.
1. The court erred in overruling defendant’s motion to strike the cause from the docket and dismiss it on the ground of discontinuance. The same cause for discontinuance of this cause existed, and was shown to exist, and was declared a discontinuance in Ex parte Steamea, 104 Ala. 93.
2. The complaint or issue tendered should have averred that the prosecutrix was single at the commencement of the prosecution. — Judge v. Kerr, 17 Ala. 328.
3. A party cannot destroy documental or written evidence, and then testify to the contents of such paper. The prosecutrix in this cas'e should not have been permitted to take advantage of her own wrong in this way. Bagley v. McMickle, 9 Cal. 430; Biggs v. Taylor, 9 Wheaton 483.
4. It is permissible to prove a witness’ bad chatacter and to discredit his or her testimony. Those who consort or associate with women wanting in chastity are necessarily of bad character. — Child v. State, 58 Ala. '349'; Boles v. State, 46 Ala. 204: 1 Clark’s Man. Crim. Law, 2990.
5. The testimony of Buchanan as to statements of defendant covered by tenth assignment of error was clearly inadmissible. It was not relevant and was a confession. If a confession, it was not shown to be voluntary. It must be shown affirmatively that a confession is vol-untarv. — Amos v. State, 83 Ala. 1; 3 Brick. Dig. 285, § 553. "
6. The action of the court in permitting the solicitor to comment on defendant’s failure to testify was clearly erroneous. The refusal to testify was clearly shown to the court to be by reason of the pendency of an indictment against defendant for seduction. — Code of 1886, § 4473. This is, to say the least of it, a quasi criminal case. — State v. Hunter, 67 Ala. 81. .
7. Charges numbered one, two and thirty-nine, requested by defendant, and refused,assert the correct rule as the burden of proof. The burden of proof is necessarily on the State. — Satterwhite v. State, 28 Ala! 65; Vandeventer v. Ford, 60 Ala. 610.
8. Charge number 11 requested by the defendant should have been given. — Elmore v. State, 92 Ala. 51; Harris v. State, 96 Ala. 24. Charge numbered 12 requested by the defendant should have been given. — 3 Brick. Dig.112, § 89. Charge 13 should have been given. 2 Amer. & Eng. Encyc. of Law, pp. 151, 155, 156; 2 Wharton & Stilles Med. Jur., §§ 40 etseq.
9. Charges numbered 16, 17 and 18 were requested on the theory of a variance (undisputed), in the evidence and the pleading. The issue alleged that Leola Lewis was the mother, etc., while the evidence offered was of the pregnancy and delivery of Leolar Lewis. — Cheek v. State, 38 Ala. 227; 1 Clark’s Crim. Law, § 2194; Wharton’s Crim. P. & P., § 109 etseq.
10. Charges numbered 34, 35 and 37 requested by the defendant were improperly refused. The evidence must convince the jury of defendant’s guilt beyond all reasonable doubt.— Vann Tassel v. State, 59 Wis. 351; 2 Amer. & Eng. Encyc. of Law, 145 and note.
William C. Fitts, Attorney-General, for the State.—
The motion to dismiss the prosecution was properly refused. The mere fact that the cause was not docketed at the next ensuing term of court is no ground for dismissal. At best it is simply a clerical oversight, and has been so held in our State. — Ex parte Owens, 52 Ala. 473 ; McAlpine v. State, 47 Ala. 78. It'is further urged by a second motion that prosecution should be dismissed by reason of minority of prosecutrix, as she did not appear by next friend. This position is not tenable, as it has been decided that her infancy is immaterial, although the proceeding is instituted by the affidavit of the mother, and costs may be adjudged against her, if a verdict be found against her and for defendant, yet the prosecution being conducted in the name of the State as plaintiff, the infancy of the mother is immaterial and does not render necessary the interposition of a next friend for her. — Hanna v. State, 60 Ala. 100.
2. The five grounds of demurrer are factitious and without weight. The complaint amply meets all the requirements of law and fact. If there was duplicity it was cured by the subsequent amendment of the court. The averments that appellant’s counsel insist should have been incorporated into the complaint are superfluous and useless. — Austin v. Pickett, 9 Ala. 102 ; lBricüell Dig. pp. 240-241; Porgan v. State, 72 Ala. 173.
3. The several objections to evidence are groundless. Prosecutrix had a right to testify to receiving remedies and 1 etter from defendant. Turk’s evidence was clearly admissible. He simply testified to one among many suspicious circumstances attending association of defendant and pros-ecutrix. All the objections were properly overruled under the principles laid down in 2 Amer. & Eng. Encyc. of Law, pp. 144-156; Butler v. State, 72 Ala. 179.
4. There is no error in the ruling of the court allowing solicitor to strike out the words ‘‘or delivered of” from complaint. Bastardy proceedings are sufficiently civil to admit of amendments and striking. — 2 Amer. & Eng. Encyc. of Law,-pp. 144-145; Bailey v. Chesley, 10 Cush. (Mass.) 284.
5. The solicitor’s remarks in his address to the jury are not reviewable in this instance. Appellate courts act with great caution in matters like this. It can not bo contended here that solicitor has so far transcended the bounds of legitimate argument as that this court must reverse.
6. There were fifty-one charges asked by the defendant and nearly all refused by trial court, the ruling upon each refused charge being duly excepted to. The first two are abstract, there was no evidence tending to show that anyone other than defendant could have figured as parent. No intercourse was attempted to be shown between her and anyone else. Moreover the charges exact too high a measure of proof. — Satterwhite v. State, 28 Ala. 06 ; Lehman v. Kelly, 68 Ala. 192.
7. Charges 3, 5, 6, 7, 23, 24, 26, and 44 state conclusions of fact and invade the province of the jury. These charges all premise that defendant could not have been the father of the child unless he had intercourse with her within a certain specified time, which is apure conclusion to be left to the jury. Moreover the prosecutrix swore positively that she had intercourse with the defendant clear up to the 1st of May or later, or more than five months later than time set in charge. They simply ask the court to charge on'what the-evidence proves, which is improper. — Marxv. Bell, 48 Ala. 497.
COLEMAN, J.
This is a proceeding for bastardy, prosecuted by Leolar Lewis, in the name of the State of Alabama. In such cases it is not necessary that a minor should appear by next friend.—Hanna v. State, 60 Ala. 100.
On the 5th of January, 1894, the defendant was bound over by a justice of the peace, to appear before the circuit court to answer the charge. The first term of the circuit court at which the defendant was bound to appear began the following April. At that term the case was not docketed, and no order made specially in regard to the case. At the close of the term, the court entered a general order of continuance of business not otherwise disposed of. At the fall term, (October), the cause against the defendant was placed upon the trial docket. Thereupon the defendant moved a dismissal of the cause upon the ground, that there had been a discontinuance. The effect of a discontinuance applies alike to criminal and civil actions and a chasm, that would operate a discontinuance in one, will operate a discontinuance in the other. It was held at an early day, that the mere neglect of the clerk to docket a cause, did not discontinue it, (Wiswall v. Glidden, 4 Ala. 357), and in the case of Harrall v. The State, 26 Ala. 58, Rice, J., delivering the opinion, held that the “mere neglect of ministerial duty of a ministerial officer” did not work a discontinuance of a prosecution ; and in Drinkard’s Case, 20 Ala. 9, Dargan, C. J., declared that “the defendant ought not to be allowed to take advantage of the omissions of the clerk to perform his duty,” he being a mere ministerial officer in the performance of such duty ; and in Doe ex dem Brown v. Clements, 24 Ala. 354, the rule in 4th Ala. was reaffirmed, ChiltoN, J., declaring “that the failure of the clerks to do their duty in not placing causes on the docket shall work no prejudices to the parties”, and in the case of Forester v. Forrester, 39 Ala. 323, Walker, C. J., uses the following language : “No mere neglect of the court to docket the cause and call it for trial, or mere omission of counsel to cause it to be docketed and called for trial, can under our decisions operate a discontinuance. But it would be otherwise, if the case had, by the active agency of the party or her counsel, been taken from the docket.”—Ex Parte Holton, 69 Ala. 164. See also 1 Tidd. Prac. 679; 2 Arch. Prac. 234; 5 Amer. & Eng. Encyc. of Law, 674, 675, notes.
It does not appear that either the court or the solicitor had any notice, that the defendant had been bound over to court, and the omission to place the case on docket, was purely a neglect on the part of the clerk. Under the foregoing authorities we hold that the court did not err, in overruling the motion to dismiss the case. Nothing herein said is intended to modify the rule as to prisoners in jail, a list of whom the law requires shall be certified to the presiding judge .on the first day of each term.—Cr. Code, § 4552; Ex parte Stearnes, 104 Ala. 93.
The court did not err in allowing the solicitor to amend the complaint or to file an amended complaint.-2 Amer. & Eng. Encyc. of Law, pp. 144, 145. The complaint was not objectionable wherein it followed the statute, in averring that the prosecutrix was “pregnant with or delivered of a bastard child.” — Cr. Code, § 4842. Striking out the words “or delivered of” in no' way prejudiced the defendant.
The State was allowed to prove contents of a letter, written by defendant to prosecutrix, in which he advised her how to procure an abortion, but which letter had been destroyed by the prosecutrix. The objection is based upon the principle, that a person who destroys written evidence, ought not to be permitted to avail themselves of secondary evidence. The fact that she destroyed the letter should be considered by the jury in determining the credibility of the witness, but does not render such evidence incompetent. She testifies that he requested her to destroy it, and- it may be that at that time, the mother may have had the intention to destroy the evidence of her condition. We think the evidence was competent to go to the jury.
The complaint spelled the name of prosecutrix as Leola, and the evidence showed it was spelled Leolar. There was no such variance as to exclude evidence that Leolar was the person pregnant. Idem sonans applied here. Nor was there error in admitting evidence that prosecu-trix before the trial was delivered of a child, although the complaint, after it was amended, averred pregnancy. At the time of the beginning of the prosecution she was pregnant as charged. Nor did the court err in excluding evidence that prosecutrix at one time was seen to associate with another person, who had previously given birth to a bastard- child. Such testimony was wholly irrelevant, and immaterial. Nor was there error in admitting the evidence of the witness Tuck, that on one. occasion he saw the defendant and prosecutrix alone together. It was a mere circumstance it was true, but was admissible for what it was worth.
When the officer arrested the defendant, he had in his possession two warrants, one charging him with bastardy, and the other with the criminal offense of seduction. The admissions of the defendant were clearly competent against him.
■ During the argument, the solicitor referred to the fact, that the defendant, though competent in his own behalf, had refused to testify. The statute declares, that in all criminal prosecutions the defendant at his own request may be a competent witness, and his failure to testify shall not be the subject of comment by counsel. Or. Code, § 4l73. A proceeding in bastardy, though penal in its character and quasi criminal, is not a criminal prosecution within the meaning of the statute. The weight of authority holds to the yiew that the action is a civil proceeding. — 2 Am. & Eng. Encyc. of Law, 144. There is no such statutory provision relative to the refusal of. parties to testify in civil cases. We are of opinion the exception was not well taken.
We have considered all the asssignments of error, except those which relate to instructions refused by the court to the defendant. These number twenty-five, over fifty having been requested.
It is the settled law in this State, that a court is not in error for refusing charges which are mere repetitions of charges given, or where they are so near alike, that there is not a shade of difference in their meaning and legal effect.—Smith v. State, 92 Ala. 30; L. & N. R. R. Co. v. Hurt, 101 Ala. 34; Murphy v. State, 18 So. Rep. 557. The charges given by the court, which are set out in the abstract, are clear and full and seem to cover every phase of the case of the defendant, and in some instances are more favorable to him than he had a right to demand. Charge number 5 given is of this latter character. Clearly number 7 requested was properly refused. Compare charges 13, 24, 26 requested and refused with charges 3 and 7 given by the court, and we are unable to perceive how the defendant was inj ured by the refusal of the court to give the former. Compare charge 6 requested and refused with number 9 given, and we find the same result, and so with other refused charges. Charge number 1 refused was misleading in that it was calculated to impress the jury with the conviction that the burden was on the State, not only to show that the defendant was the father of the child, but that the State had the further burden to introduce in addition thereto other affirmative evidence that no one else was the father. But if the charge is not subject to the criticism, then the defendant got the benefit of this charge and also of charge number 2 refused, under charge 8 given by the court. This vice is in other charges refused. Charge number 11, refused and insisted upon, is erroneous in this, that it takes from the jury the consideration of all other evidence in the case, in determining the guilt of the defendant, except that of the pros-ecutrix. In this respect the charge is quite different from that held to be good in the case of Elmore v. State, 92 Ala. 51. Charge 12 requested invades the province of the jury in declaring that the defendant was not called upon to explain the suspicious circumstances against him. A jury might think otherwise. But this charge is argumentative, and for that reason objectionable. Charge 22, refused, is somewhat involved. We do not clearlyunderstand what is meant by ‘ ‘ some means, or by certain other acts,” when taken in connection with the remainder of the charge. Certainly "no means or other acts” than sexual intercourse could determine that the defendant was the father of the child. The proof required in this charge is too high. It is not necessary that the jury should be satisfied to a moral certainty. Reasonable certainty is sufficient. Charge 39 is objec-’ tionable in that it exacts too high a measure of proof. The jury are not required to be “conclusively satisfied.”
Charge 44 was properly refused for several reasons. We will notice one. In weighing the credibility of the witness, the jury are restricted to “her testimony, and all the evidence tending to contradict her,” thereby excluding in this connection, the evidence which tended to corroborate her.
Charge 51 requested was properly refused. The charge assumes that the. witness “is shown to be unworthy,” instead of predicating the conclusion upon the finding of the jury to that effect. We find no evidence in this case, to justify such an assumption by the court. It is safer always to leave the weight to be given to the testimony of a witness with the jury.
We have considered all the questions raised in this case, either in detail or by the statement of general principles. It is needless to add that counsel for appellant have left nothing undone or unsaid, which -the necessities of their client’s extremity demanded; but after a most careful consideration of all the assignments of error, we have not discovered any reversible error. The judgment must be affirmed.
Affirmed. | CASELAW |
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10356/161047
Title: Interval job scheduling with machine launch cost
Authors: Ren, Runtian
Zhu, Yuqing
Li, Chuanyou
Tang, Xueyan
Keywords: Engineering::Computer science and engineering
Issue Date: 2020
Source: Ren, R., Zhu, Y., Li, C. & Tang, X. (2020). Interval job scheduling with machine launch cost. IEEE Transactions On Parallel and Distributed Systems, 31(12), 2776-2788. https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2020.3002786
Project: 2019-T1-002-042
Journal: IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
Abstract: We study an interval job scheduling problem in distributed systems. We are given a set of interval jobs, with each job specified by a size, an arrival time and a processing length. Once a job arrives, it must be placed on a machine immediately and run for a period of its processing length without interruption. The homogeneous machines to run jobs have the same capacity limits such that at any time, the total size of the jobs running on any machine cannot exceed its capacity. Launching each machine incurs a fixed cost. After launch, a machine is charged a constant cost per time unit until it is terminated. The problem targets to minimize the total cost incurred by the machines for processing the given set of interval jobs. We focus on the algorithmic aspects of the problem in this article. For the special case where all the jobs have a unit size equal to the machine capacity, we propose an optimal offline algorithm and an optimal 2-competitive online algorithm. For the general case where jobs can have arbitrary sizes, we establish a non-trivial lower bound on the optimal solution. Based on this lower bound, we propose a 5-approximation algorithm in the offline setting. In the non-clairvoyant online setting, we design a O(μ)-competitive Modified First-Fit algorithm which is near optimal (μ is the max/min job processing length ratio). In the clairvoyant online setting, we propose an asymptotically optimal O(logμ)-competitive algorithm based on our Modified First-Fit strategy.
URI: https://hdl.handle.net/10356/161047
ISSN: 1045-9219
DOI: 10.1109/TPDS.2020.3002786
Schools: School of Computer Science and Engineering
Rights: © 2020 IEEE. All rights reserved.
Fulltext Permission: none
Fulltext Availability: No Fulltext
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The United States is an ally of the European Union. The World War II, however, ended in 1945 while Europe was split between two superpowers – USA and USSR. There are several conflicts frequently erupting between the US and USSR allies over some political differences. The Cold War continued for nearly five decades until it was concluded with collapse of communism and the fall of Berlin Wall in 1989.
The US and USSR allies were part of NATO after signing a treaty with each other. The countries included as NATO member states include: France, Italy, Turkey, Greece, Poland and Denmark. NATO is now increasing its military alliance with some former USSR members such as Latvia and Estonia joining this organization. The hot zones of conflicts are in the Middle East where Russia backs Iran, who is opposing many organizations including NATO, Arab League and Organization of Islamic Conference.
The relations between the US and Russia are getting more intense with each passing day due to several reasons that include: the war in Afghanistan, the occupation of Crimean peninsula by Russian troops and imposition of visa restrictions by the US administration. These developments are creating anxiety among the people as both these countries have largest stockpile of nuclear weapons with Russia having more than America. This may lead to global wars and destruction of cities leading to mass homelessness and starvation.
The Russian President, Vladimir Putin tend to expand his influence over Europe while America is also showing interest in giving tough time to Russia over its invasion of Crimea. Russia is the second-largest oil exporter followed by Saudi Arabia, but USA does not depend much on import of oil as it has its own shale gas reserves that provide energy to several industries and houses. However Russia can cause big harm to Europe if it loses trade ties with America.
The United States is leading the technological advancements all over the world with many companies involved in this sector. Russia can also play some major economic roles but it has very less employment opportunities for the educated people due to its economic policies that are not welcoming foreign investments. Both these countries have their own areas of interests and they should respect each other to live in peace and harmony | FINEWEB-EDU |
User:Kishorekumar Chandrasekaran
My Self:
I'm Kishorekumar Chandrasekaran.Born in Salem.My most caring parents and his&her name is Chandrasekaran and Shakila. | WIKI |
Zimbabwe miner RioZim demands $92 mln from central bank in lawsuit -document
HARARE, Nov 22 (Reuters) - Zimbabwean miner RioZim is demanding $92 million from the central bank in a lawsuit brought to force the Reserve Bank to pay for more of its gold purchases from the company in U.S. dollars, court documents showed. Miners are struggling as Zimbabwe grapples with an acute shortage of dollars. Producers sell all their gold to the central bank’s subsidiary Fidelity Printers and Refiners, which then exports it. RioZim, however, says that since 2016 the central bank only paid for 15 percent of gold it purchased from the company in dollars, breaching its policy to pay for 30 percent in the U.S. currency. The central bank has not commented on the lawsuit. RioZim first announced on Oct. 9 that it would take legal action against the central bank, signalling impatience by miners over the dollar shortages. In its summons filed with the High Court dated Nov. 14, RioZim says it failed to receive $48 million due in payments from the central bank for its sales in dollars and suffered losses of $44 million due to lost production. “The plaintiff suffered a direct loss of money and the devaluation of the purchasing power of its earnings ...,” RioZim said in the documents seen by Reuters on Thursday. The company says failure to receive dollar payments left it unable to import equipment and materials for capital projects, putting its operations in jeopardy. The gold miner shut its three mines last month due to the dollar crunch until it can find a solution. RioZim CEO Bekhinkosi Nkosi did not answer calls to his mobile phone for comment, while company attorneys Devittie Rudolph and Timba refused to comment. The southern African nation adopted the U.S. dollar in 2009 to tame hyperinflation, but it is facing acute dollar shortages and that has sent prices of basic goods spiralling and inflation rising to double digits. On Monday, in a change of policy, central bank Governor John Mangudya and the deputy minister for mines announced that the government would allow gold, platinum and chrome mining companies to retain up to 55 percent of their earnings in dollars, up from 30 percent. The move is aimed at ensuring operators remain viable. Mangudya could not be reached for comment on the lawsuit. (Reporting by MacDonald Dzirutwe; Editing by Susan Fenton) | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Page:Austen - Emma, vol. II, 1816.djvu/196
you must be,' said he, 'and I will send you another supply; for I have a great many more than I can ever use. William Larkins let me keep a larger quantity than usual this year. I will send you some more, before they get good for nothing.' So I begged he would not—for really as to ours being gone, I could not absolutely say that we had a great many left—it was but half a dozen indeed; but they should be all kept for Jane; and I could not at all bear that he should be sending us more, so liberal as he had been already; and Jane said the same. And when he was gone, she almost quarrelled with me—No, I should not say quarrelled, for we never had a quarrel in our lives; but she was quite distressed that I had owned the apples were so nearly gone; she wished I had made him believe we had a great many left. Oh! said I, my dear, I did say as much as I could. However, the very same evening William Larkins came | WIKI |
User:Gzycc/Tommy Shelby
"Tommy obtains a betting licence for his business and hires Grace as his secretary."
-Change the spelling of license as well as change it from hiring Grace as his secretary to hiring Grace as Arthurs secretary at the bar in which the Peaky Blinders own.
"Tommy meets Grace and she tells him she loves him and will go to London for a few days. The series ends with a gunshot as Campbell confronts Grace at the railway station."
-After the first sentence add that Polly informs Tommy that Grace is the reason that inspector Campbell found the guns.
"Hughes foils Tommy's attempt on his life and watches him being seriously injured by his minders."
-Add that Hughes then makes Tommy go back to the Russians and tell them that he was misinformed about Hughes betraying them.
"Changretta visits Tommy and sets several bullets on the table, stating that each is for a member of the Shelby family."
-After Tommy add that the visit was in Tommys office in the factory as and Luca used a fake name to get in. Tommy then grabs his gun to shoot him, but Luca already took the bullets out of his gun.
"Arthur is seriously wounded and appears to have died."
-Add luckily Tommy finds Arthur in time to save his life, but tells Polly to tell everyone that he has died as a part of Tommy's elaborate plan.
"Tommy then shoots Alfie and proceeds to take his holiday."
-Add that during the holiday Lizzie and Tommy begin to become romantic and Lizzie becomes pregnant with Tommys child.
"Tommy reveals that Aberama and Isaiah were sent to kill a pimp, who was blackmailing a senior member of House of Lords. "
-After that sentence add that during that process the youngest Shelby brother Finn was shot even though he was told by Tommy to stay back and let the other two do the killing. | WIKI |
Page:Stubbs's Calendar or The Fatal Boots.djvu/84
70 was half stifled with their embraces, and slobbered all over with their tears.
"Dearest mamma," said I, "I am very glad to see the noble manner in which you bear your loss; and more still to know that you are so rich as to be able to put up with it." The fact was, I really thought the old lady had got a private hoard of her own, as many of them have—a thousand pounds or so in a stocking. Had she put by thirty pounds a year, as well she might, for the thirty years of her marriage, there would have been nine hundred pounds clear, and no mistake. But still I was angry to think that any such paltry concealment had been practised—concealment too of my money; so I turned on her pretty sharply and continued my speech. "You say, ma’am, that you are rich, and that Pump and Aldgate’s failure has no effect upon you. I am very happy to hear you say so, ma’am—very happy that you are rich; and I should like to know where your property, my father’s property, for you had none of your own,—I should like to know where this money lies—where you have concealed | WIKI |
Biratnagar High Court
Biratnagar High Court is the provincial court and High Court located in Biratnagar. The High Court can initiate a contempt of court case and punish according to the law against anyone obstructing its or its subordinate court’s act of judicial execution or not abiding by its order or verdict.
Appointment of Chief Judge
Chief Judge is appointed by Honourable chief Justice of Nepal on recommendations of judicial council. | WIKI |
Talk:Chain-of-thought prompting
Merge
I understand your reasons for merging this article into prompt engineering for 'context' purposes, but I don't think this decision is fully justified. CoT prompting did not emerge as a prompt engineering technique. When CoT prompting came about, 'prompt engineering' was a relatively rare term. Instead, CoT prompting emerged in research purely as a general NLP technique and emergent ability of LLMs. Therefore, I don't believe that the context from prompt engineering is vital to the CoT prompting article because that would imply that CoT prompting doesn't make sense without knowing about prompt engineering, and that just doesn't make sense; the term 'prompt engineering' was unheard of when 'chain-of-thought prompting' was introduced. Instead, I don't see what is lacking by providing context and explanation through wikilinks and the like. I am inclined to revert for these reasons, but I'd like to hear your take on that first. Popo Dameron talk 21:52, 4 April 2023 (UTC)
* I think that it's an emergent field with some parallel and highly overlapping terminology, with different people / groups of people coming up with terms such as "CoT prompting" and "prompt engineering" at about the same time. Despite this, I see CoT prompting as essentially a subtopic of prompt engineering: Prompt engineering can be seen as a more general, descriptive, term that encompasses CoT prompting, as one of its essential techniques. —Alalch E. 22:07, 4 April 2023 (UTC)
* Sure, but the fact that different people use the terms is what will cause a problem. "CoT prompting" is used more in research and "prompt engineering" is used more outside of it. People coming from a research paper that mentions "CoT prompting" will want to learn little about "prompt engineering". I see reason to have a subsection in prompt engineering about CoT prompting, but I think it would be more apt to keep it succinct and to have it link to a main article about CoT prompting. Popo Dameron talk 22:14, 4 April 2023 (UTC)
* I'm not against that, but currently, I think that all of the content about CoT prompting that is included in Prompt engineering is basically due, and not too detailed. The prompt engineering article is certainly enriched by having this information. I think it flows much more naturally when readers can learn a little more about the practicalities of engineering prompts by reading about CoT as one of the methods. So I would not look in the direction of summarizing at the currently available level of detail in our pages. Instead I would look at restoring the article from the redirect when there is more detailed content about CoT prompting, ready to be written, so that what's already in prompt engineering could serve as a summary, per WP:SUMMARYSTYLE. —Alalch E. 22:18, 4 April 2023 (UTC)
* To be extra clear, I'm NOT against a separate article about CoT prompting in principle. —Alalch E. 22:20, 4 April 2023 (UTC)
* You're right, I agree that the current body of the old CoT article is helpful to the prompt engineering article. I'll look into expanding the CoT article soon, then (and might end up leaving it as is for the time being if there's nothing too substantial to add right now). Popo Dameron talk 22:26, 4 April 2023 (UTC)
* Great! I'll see if I can be of any help to that end (not guaranteed). —Alalch E. 22:28, 4 April 2023 (UTC) | WIKI |
Barbara Boxer - News, Articles, Biography, Photos - WSJ.com
Home World» More World» More U.S.» More U.S.» More Politics» More Politics» More Economy» More Economy» More Business» More Business» More Tech» More Tech» More Markets» More Markets» More Opinion» More Opinion» More Arts» More Arts» More Life» More Life» More Real Estate» More Real Estate» More Your email has been sent. An error has occured and your email has not been sent. Please try again. A forceful advocate for families, children, consumers, the environment, and her State of California, Barbara Boxer became a United States Senator in January 1993 after 10 years of service in the House of Representatives and six years on the Marin County Board of Supervisors. Elected to a third term in 2004, she received more than 6.9 million votes, the highest total for any Senate candidate in American history. A national leader on environmental protection, Senator Boxer is the first woman to Chair the U.S. Senate's Committee on Environment and Public Works (EPW). She is a powerful advocate for clean air and water, and focuses much of her Committee work on climate change, transportation and infrastructure. Chairman Boxer secured passage of the Water Resources Development Act, which authorized $1.3 billion for 54 flood control, ecosystem restoration and navigation projects in California. The bill had languished for six years until she led the fight to pass it and override a veto by President George W. Bush. Senator Boxer has won numerous awards for her efforts to create a cleaner, healthier environment. She fought to remove arsenic from drinking water and authored an amendment ensuring that drinking water standards protect children. She has fought to protect California's coast from the harmful effects of oil drilling and fought the unethical use of human subjects in pesticide testing by federal agencies. To ensure that generations of Californians will be able to enjoy our environmental heritage, Senator Boxer wrote laws protecting approximately 1 million acres of priceless California wilderness. Boxer also authored the California Missions Preservation Act to protect and restore California's 21 historic missions, which are major historic and tourist attractions. A champion of quality public education, Senator Boxer wrote landmark legislation establishing the first-ever federal funding for afterschool programs. Her law now covers 1.4 million children. To protect children from dangerous toys, Boxer authored a provision in the 2008 Consumer Product Safety Commission Law requiring children's products sold over the internet to list cautionary warnings in their advertisements. Boxer was also a leading figure in negotiating language to protect children from lead and other dangerous chemicals. A strong proponent of life-saving medical research, Senator Boxer wrote bipartisan legislation to accelerate America's contribution to combat global HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis. She wrote a bill to make health insurance tax deductible and another bill to let any American buy into the same health insurance program that members of Congress are provided. She authored the bipartisan Caring for An Aging America Act of 2009, legislation to fund educational loan forgiveness and training for healthcare professionals who make a commitment to caring for older adults. A leading defender of a woman's right to choose, Senator Boxer helped lead the floor fight for passage of the Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances Act. She continues to lead efforts to stop extremists in Congress from weakening a woman's right to privacy. Senator Boxer has worked to pass targeted tax cuts to help revitalize the economy by supporting a permanent Research and Development tax credit, accelerated depreciation of new business equipment, and tax credits for broadband investments focused on rural and underserved areas. She co-authored bipartisan legislation in 2004 which allowed U.S. companies to repatriate foreign-earned income at a temporarily reduced tax rate. According to the IRS, some 843 corporations then brought $362 billion back to the U.S. economy. In response to the September 11th attacks, Senator Boxer wrote the law requiring that air marshals be on board high-risk flights and the law allowing airline pilots with special training to carry guns in the cockpit. Senator Boxer joined colleagues to pass the 1994 Crime Bill, which led to the lowest crime rate in 25 years. She has worked to fund anti-gang programs, pass the Violence Against Women Law (VAWA), and the Community Policy COPS Program. She strongly supports a ban on cop-killer bullets and authored legislation to require child safety locks on guns. Her bill to prevent the criminal use of personal information obtained through motor vehicle records was signed into law and upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court. She has authored the Violence Against Children Act, based on the successful VAWA. To ensure our men and women in uniform receive the best possible medical care and treatment, Senator Boxer worked to establish the West Coast Combat Care Center in San Diego to treat wounded service members. In addition, Senator Boxer worked to create the Defense Task Force on Mental Health. She has also secured millions in federal funding to improve medical care for severely burned soldiers. In addition to her Chairmanship of the EPW Committee, Senator Boxer also serves on the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation, and the Senate Foreign Relations Committee where she chairs the Subcommittee on International Operations and Organizations, Human Rights, Democracy, and Global Women's Issues. Senator Boxer also chairs the Senate Select Committee on Ethics, making her the only sitting Senator to hold two Committee Chairmanships. Senator Boxer is also a member of the Democratic leadership in the Senate, serving as the Chief Deputy Whip since 2005. Senator Barbara Boxer met her husband of 48 years, Stewart Boxer, at Brooklyn College. The couple moved to California in 1965 to raise their two children, Doug and Nicole. They have been blessed with four grandchildrenZachary, Zain, Sawyer and Reyna. Source: boxer.senate.gov Democrat Kamala Harris, California's attorney general, received endorsements Tuesday from President Barack Obama and Vice President Joe Biden in her bid for the U.S. Senate seat being vacated by Sen. Barbara Boxer. Sen. Barbara Boxer of California on Wednesday sharply criticized her 2010 Republican opponent, Carly Fiorina whom Ted Cruz named Wednesday as his vice presidential running mateas a mean campaigner. Subscriber Content Read Preview Roughly a month before California's June 7 primary, there are few marquee names in the crowded field of 34 candidates to succeed Sen. Barbara Boxer. Subscriber Content Read Preview Veteran Democratic Sen. Barbara Boxer of California said she won't run for re-election in 2016. Democratic Sen. Barbara Boxer of California said Thursday she will not run for re-election in 2016, announcing her plans to leave the Senate in a video interview with her grandson. Here is the video: Subscriber Content Read Preview Former Los Angeles Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa announced Tuesday he won't run for U.S. Sen. Barbara Boxer's seat in 2016. Less than a week after Sen. Barbara Boxer announced she wouldn't run for re-election in 2016, the Democratic field vying to replace her is beginning to take shape. Subscriber Content Read Preview The 2016 senate race is shaping up in California, with Kamala D. Harris, the state's attorney general, declaring her candidacy, and wealthy environmental activist Tom Steyer publicly commenting on the possibility he may run. Here's a look at the list of potential contenders to fill the seat being vacated by Sen. Barbara Boxer of California, who won't run for re-election in 2016. Subscriber Content Read Preview By Allysia FinleyAnd Republicans aren't the only ones smiling. Subscriber Content Read Preview Dan Schnur: This would be the first competitive Senate race run under California's top two primary rules, meaning that the general election could feature two Democrats running against each other. Subscriber Content Read Preview Kamala D. Harris announced her candidacy for U.S. Sen Barbara Boxer's open seat Tuesday, less than a week after Ms. Boxer said she would not seek re-election in 2016. Wealthy environmental activist Tom Steyer won't run for U.S. Sen. Barbara Boxer's seat in 2016, saying on Thursday he will instead focus his efforts in California and on the imperative of electing a Democratic president. Subscriber Content Read Preview Loretta Sanchez, a Latina congresswoman and Democrat from conservative Orange County, is expected to declare her candidacy for California's open U.S. Senate seat on Thursday, setting up a competitive Democratic primary for the seat being vacated by Barbara Boxer, according to two people who have spoken with her. Wealthy environmental activist Tom Steyer is making it clear he has an eye on Sen. Barbara Boxer's seat, having already conducted a poll on how he would stack up against a list of other well-known California Democrats. Subscriber Content Read Preview A proposal to use a corporate-tax holiday to pay for huge new infrastructure projects has gained support from some big names in the Senate, but foes warn it could sap momentum for a bigger tax overhaul. Subscriber Content Read Preview Tom Steyer, a wealthy liberal donor from San Francisco, who's made it clear he has an eye on U.S. Sen. 's seat, hosted an ask me anything session on Reddit on Thursday, fielding questions on Keystone XL, investing in energy, and his wardrobe choices. Here are the highlights: Pushing back against criticism of her business record, former H-P CEO Carly Fiorina said Thursday that the company's acquisition of Compaq was the most successful merger in high tech history. Subscriber Content Read Preview The California GOP, which hasn't elected anyone to a statewide office in a decade, is focusing on local races to affect public policy as it builds a bench of candidates who it hopes will eventually become viable in statewide races. Subscriber Content Read Preview Some biographical information provided by Content engaging our readers now, with additional prominence accorded if the story is rapidly gaining attention. Our WSJ algorithm comprises 30% page views, 20% Facebook, 20% Twitter, 20% email shares and 10% comments. Subscriber ContentRead Preview Subscriber ContentRead Preview Subscriber ContentRead Preview Subscriber ContentRead Preview Subscriber ContentRead Preview Show 5 More Subscriber ContentRead Preview Subscriber ContentRead Preview Subscriber ContentRead Preview Subscriber ContentRead Preview Show Fewer Subscriber ContentRead Preview Subscriber ContentRead Preview Subscriber ContentRead Preview Subscriber ContentRead Preview | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Malcolm Catto
Malcolm Catto is an English drummer and record producer. He is the co-founder and producer of the English psychedelic/jazz/experimental music group The Heliocentrics. They have so far released four of their own albums but have also issued collaborations with DJ Shadow, Mulatu Astatke, Lloyd Miller, Orlando Julius and Melvin Van Peebles.
Apart from his work with The Heliocentrics, Catto has taken part as a drummer in many projects including MRR-ADM, Madlib, DJ Shadow, Connie Price and the Keystones, Quantic, The Hypnotic Brass Ensemble, Redback, J. Rocc, M. Chop and The Poets of Rhythm. He has also previously released a solo album under the name Popcorn Bubblefish on the Mo Wax label in 2001.
Along with all The Heliocentrics' releases, Catto has produced albums for Anthony Joseph, Family Atlantica, Hannah Williams & the Affirmations, Vanishing Twin and recorded the Black Focus LP from Yussef Kamaal at his vintage analog studio the "Quatermass Sound Lab" in the Dalston area of London.
Discography
* 1999: "Blow Your Top" (Soul Destroyers, Stark Reality)
* 1999: "Armadillo" (Soul Destroyers, Stark Reality)
* 1999: "More than human" ( Redback, Ape)
* 2001: Popcorn Bubblefish (Malcom Catto, Mo' Wax)
* 2002: Bubblefish Breaks (Malcom Catto, Mo' Wax)
* 2003: "Shades of Blue" (Madlib, Blue Note)
* 2003: "Blood's haul" (The Keystones, Now and Again)
* 2004: "Fuzz and them" (Connie & the Keystones, Now and Again)
* 2006: "This time..." (DJ Shadow, Island Records)
* 2006: "Skullfuckery" (DJ Shadow, Island Records)
* 2007: Out There (The Heliocentrics, Stones Throw Records)
* 2007: "Tropidelico" (Quantic Soul Orchestra, True thoughts)
* 2008: Untitled (MRR-ADM Featuring Malcom Catto, Stones Throw)
* 2008: "Sounds from the Cave" (Mr Chop, Jazz & Milk)
* 2008: "LightWorlds" (Mr Chop, Now and Again)
* 2009: "Inspiration Information" (Mulatu & The Heliocentrics, Strut)
* 2009: "Tradition in Transition" (Quantic & his Combo Barbaro, True Thoughts)
* 2009: "OST" (Hypnotic Brass Ensemble, Honest Jon's Records)
* 2010: "OST" (Lloyd Miller & The Heliocentrics, Strut)
* 2013: "Illuminate" (Mr Chop, Now and Again)
* 2013: "13 Degrees of Reality" (The Heliocentrics, Now and Again)
* 2013: "Quatermass Sessions 1" (The Heliocentrics, Now and Again)
* 2014: "Jaiyedi Afro" (Orlando Julius and the Heliocentrics, Strut)
* 2014: "The Last Transmission" (The Heliocentrics feat. Melvin Van Peebles, Now and Again)
* 2016: "From the Deep" (The Heliocentrics, Now and Again)
* 2018: "CDL-001" (Mr Chop, Drumetrics)
* 2020: "Quatermass Seven" (Little Barrie, Malcolm Catto, Madlib Invazion) | WIKI |
Talk:The Japan That Can Say No
Untitled
Seems like a lot is missing from this article, especially the part about the atom bomb. Here's a few reviews from Amazon.com:
A fiercely nationalistic book every American should read, August 5, 2002
This book was a million-seller in Japan, and was translated into English in 1991. The author was a promininet Japanese politician. The book is dated, and history has not always borne out the author's views. Nonetheless, anyone attempting to understand modern Japan should read it. Some of the passages will be very surprising and disturbing. Author Ishihara avoids the conventionally polite Japanese protocol and forcefully states that Japan is the equal of the United States, that Japan should have its own defense forces, (and strong ones), that Japanese computer technology is second to none and should be used as a negotiating tool, and Japan will be the most influential power in dealing with Asian nations.
'''Ishihara berates America for racism, and contends that the atomic bomb was not used on Germany because Germans were white, and Japanese were yellow. He asserts that nations colonized by Japan have been far more successful following liberation than those colonized by the United States. '''
The book exemplifies the growing trend toward national pride in Japan, and also forcefully addresses the feeling by many Japanese that their nation is misunderstood.
Plainly, the sentiments in the book foretell a troubled period in Japanese-American relations, and remind us that the Japanese have not forgotten Hiroshima any more than America has forgotten Pearl Harbor. Ishihara's call for a constructive dialogue between the two nations is well taken. Otherwise, the future looks cloudy at best.
Very highly recommended, even if slightly dated.
emblematic parochialism and obscure nationalist rage, September 19, 2006
I read this book in the CIA-translated version as a Senate aide concerned about the rise of Japan, which included as co-author one of the leaders of Sony (Morita). While interesting for scholars, as I glanced thru this version - which is watered down but still white hot with anger - I was struck at how far off base the predictions of the man seem today. Afterall, when it was written, Japan was at the crest of the bubble economy, it appeared as if Japanese computer chips (and its electronic industries) would confer great power on the country (they could refuse to sell components that went into US missiles), and the US was in a now-unimaginable phase of self doubt. As such, the way things have turned out, after nearly 16 years of stagnation and the rise of high tech manufacturer-competitors elsewhere, reveal the author to have been so badly mistaken regarding the trajectory that Japan would take as to be laughable.
In a deeper sense, it points to the fact that Ishihara did not understand the economic forces at work at the time and so was full of utterly baseless nationalistic bravado. Japan's economic rise was based upon the post-war reconstruction boom, then a relatively protected economy that allowed huge industrial combines to band together as cartels (gouging their won consumers to sell at low prices abroad to gain marketshare and crush competitiors), and lastly to a number of significant management innovations (TQM, just-in-time manufacturing, etc.) that are reflected in the fact that they make excellent cars. However, it was basically a follower economy making products that have become commoditized by cheaper manufacturers elsewhere in Asia - just as its innovations became widely emulated - and corrupted by the money generated in real estate speculation that eventually collapsed in a deflationary spiral. Meanwhile, its political reforms have been weak at best, and senselessly nationalistic at worst.
Ishihara understood none of this and casts no light on any of it of value. Instead, he drags out pre-WWII arguments about the innate superiority of the Japanese character and similar rather ugly arguments. He is also appalingly loose with the facts: for example, he claims that the US bombed Japan, but not Germany with the atom bomb for racist reasons (Japanese were yellow, Germans were not) - but if you know a minimum of history, which Isihara apparently doesn't, you would realise that at the time of the German defeat (April, 1945) the bomb was not yet completed (it was first test detonated the following July)! The book is full of this kind of sloppiness. What he does succeed at, however, is expressing the resentment that parochial Japanese nationalists felt at the time. In retrospect, his arrogance appears as breathtaking as it is ignorant. But his anger and resentment, and what they reflect of Japanese attitudes, is very real indeed. Seen this way, the book is one long crypto-racist rant.
Japan has a long way to go to understanding outsiders, the gaijin, such as why Korea and China find the official sanitising of its aggressive WWII history so offensive and outrageous. I mean, young Japanese students are taught that Japan was a victim of WWII and not just because of the atomic bomb - and their text books are being revamped to reinforce that!! If you read this, you can understand some of the reasons why, which is the greatest value of the book, more in spite of its content than because of what it reflects.
Silly rhetorical trash, February 28, 2005
The author of this trash wants to lecture Americans for their heavy-handed foreign policy, but at one point says that America hasn't been a good colonial master. This, coming from a country that gave us the occupation of China?
'''Then he proceeds to chide Americans for not dropping the atomic bomb on Germany in 1945, conveniently forgetting the reason - that the atomic bomb wasn't tested until July, 1945, and Germany surrendered in May of that year. Duh. '''
Frankly, if I'm going to be lectured, I'd like to be lectured by someone who has a clue what he's talking about.
Japanese Stateman Writes Book Full Of Campaign Promises, June 26, 1999
This review is from: Japan That Can Say No (Audio Cassette) The reason you should read this book is to become familiar with Japan's hostilies towards the US, and maybe to learn a bit about the trade and military agreements between the two countries. Mostly, the book is too vague to convincingly defend Ishihara's points of view, which makes me think it was just written to get an edge during an election, merely echoing popular Japanese sentiments.
--BillyTFried 08:58, 9 July 2007 (UTC)
Title
What does the title of this book mean?! The article is amazingly difficult to decipher without that information. Saying no to what???? -Theanphibian (talk • contribs) 05:06, 8 August 2007 (UTC)
* Implied that it says no to the USA. WhisperToMe (talk) 19:57, 13 May 2013 (UTC)
Very early on-line bootleg hit
The unauthorized translations were a very early on-line bootleg hit, at a time when the Web as we know it didn't yet exist, few people outside of universities, the U.S. federal government, and large technology companies had Internet access, and many people were still using 2400-baud modems to dial into one-computer local BBS systems... AnonMoos (talk) 15:00, 13 January 2015 (UTC)
Needs clarification!
This part is very confusing. "The book caused controversy in the United States, and Morita distanced himself from the book." So is it an essay or a book? Going by the information available o the Japanese page, this is an essay, so where does the "book" come from? That talk of a book just appeared out of the book without any previous mentions.Pomodecon (talk) 05:33, 28 February 2022 (UTC) | WIKI |
How exactly does A Fire Alarm Program Work?
A fireplace security alarm system alerts people in the building of a possible fire. They help protect those inside by notifying them that they need to evacuate for safety according to John From Handyman Dublin 4. Most fire alert systems will also automatically notify the nearest urgent personnel to enable them to manage the fire.
Fire alarms can be triggered by smoke cigars detectors, heat detectors, or manually says John from the handyman dublin 4. They are generally going discover levels of smoke cigarettes or heat that may indicate a fireplace. Generally there is a loud bells that sounds.
A flames alarm system alerts people in the building of your possible fire. They help protect those inside by notifying them that they need to evacuate for safety. Most fire alert systems will also automatically notify the nearest urgent personnel so they can manage the fireplace.
Open fire alarms can be brought on by smoke detectors, warmth detectors, or manually. That they are generally set to discover levels of smoke cigars or heat that may indicate a fire. There exists a loud bell that seems to alert those in the building. This may also include lights that blink in case there is someone who is hearing impaired. Right now there are many models of fire alarm systems on the market. Research for which one is best can be carried out on the Net or by using a search in your local area for manufacturers.
Taking into consideration the costs associated with fire damage or the tragedies of losing a life in an open fire says John Travrs the handyman dublin 4, the investment is worthwhile.
That is important to really know what to do in circumstance the alarm goes off. Fire drills are useful in ensuring everyone in the family knows how to proceed. Practice this at least annually. If there is a tiny fire, one person should be in fee of by using a fire extinguisher while the others leave the spot. For a much larger fire, everyone should immediately evacuate the premises and gather at an established location. Once everyone is there, a count should be taken to ensure many people are out safely.
A fire home security system should be tested annually to ensure it is working properly. Notify the fire division with this before testing so they just do not come out unnecessarily. False alarms are often charged to the customer to account for the time wasted.
A fire security alarm system is an invaluable investment. It can help provide security and safety to your family and home.
About the Author
John Travers is the owner of handyman services Dublin.
You Can reach John at 087-2806-299
or check out his reviews on google places
Handyman Dublin 4 covers these Areas
Ballsbridge
Donnybrook
Irishtown
Merrion
Pembroke Road
Ringsend
Sandymount | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Search in Medwell
Research Journal of Pharmacology
Year: 2010 | Volume: 4 | Issue: 3 | Page No.: 78-82
DOI: 10.3923/rjpharm.2010.78.82
Anti-Diabetic Effect of Morinda lucida Stem Bark Extracts on Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats
A.A. Odutuga , J.O. Dairo , J.B. Minari and F.A. Bamisaye
Abstract: The present study was undertaken to investigate the potential hypoglycemic effect of aqueous and methanolic extracts of M. lucida stem bark in alloxan-induced hyperglycemia in rats. The study comprises three groups of diabetic rats administered 0.240 mg (aqueous extract) and 240 mg (methanolic extract) kg-1 body weight and a fourth group given 10 mL kg-1 body weight distilled water for 7 days. Body weight, fasting blood glucose as well as activities of some selected serum and liver enzymes were monitored before commencement of treatment and at the end of the treatment period. At the end of the 7 day treatment, fasting blood glucose of the animals were significantly (p<0.05) reduced by 73.5 and 39.0% of their initial values in diabetic group administered aqueous and methanolic extract, respectively. As it were before treatment, body weight was further reduced in the diabetic animal groups compared to normal rat group. Serum Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and liver aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) activities were not significantly (p>0.05) altered from their initial values after the 7 day treatment period. Serum AST and liver ALP were significantly (p<0.05) lowered in diabetic rats treated with aqueous and methanolic extracts compared to their initial values. Serum and liver Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity was significantly (serum)/non-significantly (liver) increased across the groups except for a significant decrease observed in liver ALT activity in diabetic rats administered the methanolic extract.
How to cite this article:
A.A. Odutuga, J.O. Dairo, J.B. Minari and F.A. Bamisaye, 2010. Anti-Diabetic Effect of Morinda lucida Stem Bark Extracts on Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats. Research Journal of Pharmacology, 4: 78-82.
DOI: 10.3923/rjpharm.2010.78.82
URL: http://medwelljournals.com/abstract/?doi=rjpharm.2010.78.82
| ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Multi-model data fusion to improve an early warning system for hypo-/hyperglycemic events
Created by W.Langdon from gp-bibliography.bib Revision:1.4020
@InProceedings{Botwey:2014:EMBC,
author = "R. H. Botwey and E. Daskalaki and P. Diem and
S. G. Mougiakakou",
booktitle = "36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE
Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC
2014)",
title = "Multi-model data fusion to improve an early warning
system for hypo-/hyperglycemic events",
year = "2014",
month = aug,
pages = "4843--4846",
abstract = "Correct predictions of future blood glucose levels in
individuals with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) can be used to
provide early warning of upcoming hypo-/hyperglycemic
events and thus to improve the patient's safety. To
increase prediction accuracy and efficiency, various
approaches have been proposed which combine multiple
predictors to produce superior results compared to
single predictors. Three methods for model fusion are
presented and comparatively assessed. Data from 23 T1D
subjects under sensor-augmented pump (SAP) therapy were
used in two adaptive data-driven models (an
autoregressive model with output correction - cARX, and
a recurrent neural network - RNN). Data fusion
techniques based on i) Dempster-Shafer Evidential
Theory (DST), ii) Genetic Algorithms (GA), and iii)
Genetic Programming (GP) were used to merge the
complimentary performances of the prediction models.
The fused output is used in a warning algorithm to
issue alarms of upcoming hypo-/hyperglycemic events.
The fusion schemes showed improved performance with
lower root mean square errors, lower time lags, and
higher correlation. In the warning algorithm, median
daily false alarms (DFA) of 0.25percent, and 100percent
correct alarms (CA) were obtained for both event types.
The detection times (DT) before occurrence of events
were 13.0 and 12.1 min respectively for
hypo-/hyperglycemic events. Compared to the cARX and
RNN models, and a linear fusion of the two, the
proposed fusion schemes represents a significant
improvement.",
keywords = "genetic algorithms, genetic programming",
DOI = "doi:10.1109/EMBC.2014.6944708",
ISSN = "1557-170X",
notes = "Also known as \cite{6944708}",
}
Genetic Programming entries for R H Botwey E Daskalaki P Diem S G Mougiakakou
Citations | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Yulia Sister
Yulia Sister (יוליה סיסטר, Юлия Давидовна Систер; born September 12, 1936, in Chișinău, Bessarabia, Romania) is a Soviet Moldavian and Israeli analytical chemist engaged in chemical research with the use of polarography and chromatography, a science historian, and a researcher of Russian Jewry in Israel, France, and other countries. She holds the position of Director General of the Research Centre for Russian Jews abroad and in Israel.
Early childhood and schools
Yulia Sister was born in 1936 in Chișinău (Russian: Kishinev), at the time in the Kingdom of Romania, a city which later became the capital of the Moldavian SSR and since 1991 is the capital of Moldova. Her parents and paternal grandparents were also born in this city. The grandparents were there and survived the pogrom of 1903.
David Iosifovich, Yulia's father, was a doctor educated in Prague at Charles University. He used to tell his daughter about his student years, the Bessarabian association of fellow-countrymen in Prague and his meetings with famous people. Yulia's mother Yevgenia (Bathsheba) Moiseevna copied for her by hand children's verses and Yulia learned to read quite early. Among the first poems was "What Is Good and What Is Bad" by Mayakovsky.
Yulia's grandparents stuck to traditions and spoke Yiddish, and grandfather Yosef (Iosif) even wrote Yiddish poetry. But Yulia could hardly remember them. Her grandfather Moshe (Moisei) died before she was born; her parental grandparents lost their lives in the Kishinev Ghetto in the Holocaust and her grandmother Sarah died during the World War II in evacuation.
During the 2nd World War Bessarabia was reclaimed and then occupied by the Soviet Union in June 1940. A year later in July 1941 it was reconquered by Germany and Romania, and in August 1944 reoccupied by the Soviet Union. In her memoirs Yulia recalled the day when the Red Army entered Kishinev. She also remembered the German bombing of the city and the air raids on the roads, by which her family escaped to the East from the Nazis.
At the beginning of the war David Sister and his family was evacuated to the left bank of the Volga River where he was appointed chief physician at the district hospital and a consultant of the nearby military hospital. The hospital was located in the open steppe between two villages and on the other side of Volga there was Stalingrad. The family lived there a few years. There were no other children in the neighborhood and Yulia had no friends to play with. But she was fascinated by the local nature and made observations of plants and animals. The inhabitants of the hospital could hear the cannonade from the other bank, and during the battle of Stalingrad it became particularly strong.
In 1944 Yulia's family moved to Kirovograd where she, after a year's delay, was enrolled in the first grade of primary education. A year later the family came back to the native city of Kishinev. Despite severe post-war shortages and difficulties, the Sister's family succeeded to restore their home, which included a huge library. Among the family friends and guests were writers, actors, musicians and scientists, and Yulia grew up in an atmosphere of thirst for knowledge.
Between the years of 1945 and 1954 Yulia Sister studied at the School for Girls Number 2 in Kishinev. Chemistry was taught very passionately by a teacher that loved the subject and was able to convey her enthusiasm to the students. On the advice of her teacher Sister participated in the chemistry enrichment program for school children that was carried out by Professor at the University of Kishinev.
Education and research career
Yulia Sister entered the Department of Chemistry of the University of Kishinev in the fall 1954. While asked by Professor, who interviewed the applicants to the Department, why she has chosen this Department, she explained that thanks to her school teacher she fell in love with chemistry. At the University Yulia was involved in various campus activities, and served as an editor of the faculty newspaper "Chemist". Since her second year at the university she became a member of the student scientific society and was engaged in the research of compounds called heteropolyacids. In 1959 Sister successfully defended her Master's thesis "Precipitation chromatography of heteropolyacids." and graduated with honors from the University of Kishinev.
Upon completion of the studies Sister was assigned to the laboratory of analytical chemistry headed by Professor Yuri Lyalikov. The laboratory was a part of the Institute of Chemistry at the Moldavian branch of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, which became the Academy of Sciences of Moldova in 1961. Working in this laboratory allowed the young chemist Sister to begin her research with new polarographic methods. In order to carry out analysis of organic compounds by the means of alternating-current (ac) polarography Yulia built with her own hands a polarograph and received the first polarograms. Sister was the first in Moldova (with Y. S. Lyalikov), who applied the methods of ac polarography and second harmonic ac polarography for analyzing organic compounds. Then, together with the physicist Vil Senkevich, they assembled an automatic device, and only later began the serial production of polarographs in the USSR. In the early 1960s Yulia published her first research articles. In 1967 she received her Ph.D. from the Institute of Chemistry of the Moldavian Academy of Sciences.
Through 25 years of research at the Institute of Chemistry Sister dealt with a wide range of topics. Her ecology oriented research included analysis of pesticides in environmental samples, food items and biological mediums. She participated in research and analysis of suspensions and was involved in analyzing new organic compounds. Sister made a substantial contribution to the development of such methods as the second harmonic ac polarography, the difference polarography with magnetic recording, the chromatopolarography. For about 20 years Yulia Sister served as a consultant on the use of the polarographic method in biology at the Department of Human and Animal Physiology of the University of Kishinev.
In 1984 Yulia Sister was invited to work with the Institute of Technology and Development where she soon headed the laboratory of physical and chemical methods. The Institute was affiliated to a research and production association in the Ialoveni (formerly Kutuzov). Sister and her laboratory were using a variety of research methods and among them the high-performance liquid chromatography being at that time a new approach in the laboratories of the country. She also contributed as a board member of Moldavian branch of the Mendeleev Chemical Society and led the program "Young Chemist" in the Moldavian Republic. Many of her students, the former young chemists, became later scientists and managers of respectable companies.
New activities and challenges
Yulia Sister and her family repatriated to Israel in 1990. In 1992–1993 she served as a senior researcher of the Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and then she was engaged in the topics related to the analysis of biological objects at the Tel Aviv University. During these years, along with her career in chemistry, Yulia Sister became deeply interested in the study of Russian-Jewish culture.
In 1991 Sister began to write for the Shorter Jewish Encyclopedia (SJE) as a non-staff editor. She served as a research fellow covering the field of history of science and wrote about 90 articles for the encyclopedia. Yulia is the author of the articles "Chemistry" (jointly with P. Smorodnitsky), "Veniamin Levich", "Frederick Reines", "Moise Haissinsky", "Yuri Golfand" and many others.
Yulia Sister's activities in the House of Scientists and Experts of Rehovot started in 1991. Within this forum she organizes lectures, seminars and scientific conferences. She leads the scientific seminars of the House of Scientists that are regularly held at the Weizmann Institute of Science. In 2008, and then in 2014 she organized conferences devoted to the Bilu movement and to the First Aliyah. She also maintains friendly contacts with foreign colleagues, such as the Club of Russian-speaking scientists of Massachusetts.
In 1997 Mikhail Parkhomovsky initiated creation of the Research Center for Russian Jewry Abroad, which aimed to collect and publish information on Jews, who emigrated from the Russian Empire, Soviet Union or Post-Soviet states and made a contribution to world civilization. Parkhomovsky became the Scientific Director and Chief Editor and Yulia Sister Director General of the Center. From 2012 the Center changed its name to Research Centre for Russian Jews abroad and in Israel (Erzi). The collection, processing and publication of materials related to Russian Jewry are organized by Sister. By 2015 the Center published about 30 volumes of collections, including books devoted to Jews in England, France, U.S., Israel and other countries. In addition to her executive functions, Sister is a frequent editor and author of the Center's collective monographs. She is the editor of the 17th volume ("Let Us Build the Walls of Jerusalem. Book 3"), a coeditor of the 11th volume ("Let Us Build the Walls of Jerusalem. Book 1") and of the monograph "Israel, Russian Roots", and a participant in the editing of the 10th volume.
Sister's activities include the organization of seminars and conferences. The following examples are a small sampling of the events organized by the Director General of the Center. In 1999 she was the coordinator of the conference dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the Weizmann Institute in Rehovot. Together with Prof. Aron Cherniak she published a detailed report on the conference and some of its materials in the 8th volume of the "Russian Jewry Abroad" series. In 2003 Sister led a conference in Kiryat Ekron, in which she introduced the contribution of the Russian Aliyah to Israeli science, culture and education. More than 200 scientists from all over the country participated at the tenth-anniversary of the Center conference in 2007. The 2012 conference was devoted to the 130th anniversary of the First Aliyah and the event was covered by the House of Scientists of Rehovot.
Yulia Sister lives with her family in Kiryat Ekron. Her husband, Boris (Bezalel) Iosifovich Gendler, is a physician with an extensive experience in medical practice and education. After his repatriation from Kishinev Bezalel Gendler worked as a doctor in one of the Israeli hospitals and published several articles, some of them in collaboration with Yulia.
Chemistry
Yulia Sister is the author or co-author of more than 200 scientific publications. | WIKI |
/* * InputHandler.h * -------------- * Purpose: Implementation of keyboard input handling, keymap loading, ... * Notes : (currently none) * Authors: OpenMPT Devs * The OpenMPT source code is released under the BSD license. Read LICENSE for more details. */ #pragma once #include "CommandSet.h" OPENMPT_NAMESPACE_BEGIN // Hook codes enum { HC_MIDI = 0x8000, }; class CInputHandler { protected: CWnd *m_pMainFrm; KeyMap m_keyMap; FlagSet m_modifierMask; int m_bypassCount; bool m_bInterceptWindowsKeys : 1, m_bInterceptNumLock : 1, m_bInterceptCapsLock : 1, m_bInterceptScrollLock : 1; public: std::unique_ptr m_activeCommandSet; public: CInputHandler(CWnd *mainframe); CommandID GeneralKeyEvent(InputTargetContext context, int code, WPARAM wParam , LPARAM lParam); CommandID KeyEvent(InputTargetContext context, UINT &nChar, UINT &nRepCnt, UINT &nFlags, KeyEventType keyEventType, CWnd* pSourceWnd=NULL); static KeyEventType GetKeyEventType(UINT nFlags); bool isKeyPressHandledByTextBox(DWORD wparam); CommandID CInputHandler::HandleMIDIMessage(InputTargetContext context, uint32 message); int GetKeyListSize(CommandID cmd) const; protected: void LogModifiers(); bool CatchModifierChange(WPARAM wParam, KeyEventType keyEventType, int scancode); bool InterceptSpecialKeys(UINT nChar, UINT nFlags, bool generateMsg); void SetupSpecialKeyInterception(); public: bool ShiftPressed() const; bool SelectionPressed() const; bool CtrlPressed() const; bool AltPressed() const; bool IsBypassed() const; void Bypass(bool); FlagSet GetModifierMask() const; void SetModifierMask(FlagSet mask); CString GetKeyTextFromCommand(CommandID c, const TCHAR *prependText = nullptr) const; CString GetMenuText(UINT id) const; void UpdateMainMenu(); void SetNewCommandSet(const CCommandSet *newSet); bool SetEffectLetters(const CModSpecifications &modSpecs); }; // RAII object for temporarily bypassing the input handler class BypassInputHandler { private: bool bypassed; public: BypassInputHandler(); ~BypassInputHandler(); }; OPENMPT_NAMESPACE_END | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Reform Star Party
The Reform Star Party (Partai Bintang Reformasi, PBR) was a political party in Indonesia. The party was merged into the Great Indonesia Movement Party in 2011.
Background
The party began as a movement within the United Development Party (PPP) to depose Vice-president Hamzah Haz from the chairmanship, which he held for the 1998–2003 term, as it was felt he would not have time to run the party and hold the vice-presidency. The movement's leader was Zainuddin MZ, an Islamic preacher and chairman of the party's central leadership. He and other dissatisfied party members planned to establish a new party to be called the PPP Reformasi (PPP Reform). After a meeting between the discontents and Hamzah Haz, Hamzah agreed to accommodate the demands of Zainuddin's group for a restructuring and regeneration of the PPP leadership. Zainuddin said he did not want to be responsible for the breakup of the PPP. A "Team of 7" was established to undertake the changes, but Zainuddin sent the PPP leadership a letter stating that he was not prepared to sit on the team as it was not in accordance with party rules. On January 8, 2002, Zainuddin resigned from the PPP and on January 20 declared the formation of the PPP Reformasi with a logo similar to that of the PPP but with five stars added. As the 2002 Election Law did not allow parties to use existing party names or symbols, the PPP Reformasi became the Reform Star Party with a new symbol.
The party was beset by internal conflict. As a result of tension between Zainuddin and Zaenal Ma'arif, two of the party's founders, an extraordinary party congress was held in April 2006. This saw the expulsion of Zaenal, who had wanted to become party chairman. Subsequently, other party members joined other parties, including Zainuddin himself, who joined the Great Indonesia Movement Party (Gerindra).
Electoral record
In the 2004 Indonesian legislative elections, the party won 2.4% of the popular vote and 14 out of 550 seats and established its own faction in the People's Representative Council. The party's target for the 2009 legislative election was 7 percent. However, it won only 1.2 percent of the votes, less than the 2.5 percent electoral threshold, meaning it lost all of its seats in the legislature. | WIKI |
Pushing OpenGL to its limits
I’m currently working on a app that needs 4 or more OpenGLComponents, all located in the same main app window.
I’m using some extra Timer thread to make the OpenGLComponents animate smoothly. Actually I use my own OpenGLComponentEx class, but it’s more or less the same as the JUCE one.
Now my problem: The more OpenGLComponents are on the screen, the slower the animations get. It has nothing to do with the rendering complexity, but it seems that the OpenGL context switching is the culprit. I have tried to share the contexts between each other, but performancewise it didn’t change anything. The only true solution I could imagine is to create an OpenGLComponent type that uses the whole app’s main window size, but whose viewport would be adapted to match the different rectangular areas for drawing as it is being drawn. Is this idea something that is feasible (remember, there will be other components, probably laid over that OpenGL component), or is this approach completely irrealistic? Or maybe, is there another approach, much more simple, I’m not thinking of?
Correct me if I’m wrong, but AFAIK one OpenGL context is always bound to one native window (DC - device context), so it’s not possible to use the same OpenGL context with different native windows.
Well, it seems unlikely you’re actually pushing OpenGL to it’s limits, and if you are, then the juce windows won’t have any effect.
Your idea of a whole screen is interesting, but I wouldn’t be too sure about the culprit. I’d guess you have something simpler going on. Question: what are you running the render calls from? A Timer, or Thread?
Here’s an OpenGL scheme that does work (or did until a tiny change in juce OpenGl context clean-up a while ago):
Roll a thread per OpenGL component. Do all context work - creation, deletion, rendering, on that thread. Work hard to minimize contact between that and the main thread.
The best rule is: one context per thread, one thread per context. Then there’s no switching. You really don’t want to try to move the context between windows, no. I think each OpenGL component actually has it’s own desktop window, so some of that is moot.
I did find that attempts to run OpenGL rendering from a timer is problematic, to say the least. I’ve done with one OGLComponent, but that was borderline.
Bruce
I’ve tried your suggestion, one thread for one context. Doesnt’ make a difference. It really seems that the number of OpenGL contexts per process is the problem, at least on this machine here which has a very old NVIDIA card from 2000 or 2001. I’ll try my very hacky approach then.
Wait - how much VRAM then? If you are running out of video memory, and textures are being switched on and off the card, that will be a huge slowdown. Sharing contexts and just using one set of textures would help in that case.
Bruce
I’m only using 1 very small texture of let’s say 1MB, with very low rendering complexity. I’ve tried sharing the texture, it makes no difference.
struct ScopeContext
{
OpenGLComponent * component;
ScopeContext(OpenGLComponent * comp) : component(comp)
{
if (component)
{
component->makeCurrentContextActive();
if (component->getCurrentContext()) component->getCurrentContext()->setSwapInterval(1);
}
}
/** This is faster that making the current context active every time, as makeCurrentContextActive takes up to 20ms to complete */
void reownLostContext()
{
if (component && (!component->isActiveContext()))
{
component->makeCurrentContextInactive();
component->makeCurrentContextActive();
if (component->getCurrentContext()) component->getCurrentContext()->setSwapInterval(1);
}
}
~ScopeContext() { if (component) component->makeCurrentContextInactive(); }
}; | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
The woodcut map, produced about 1561 and attributed to Ralph Agas, shows remarkable detail for the location of Whitehall Palace. The map view looks down on the palace with the southern end of what is now the street called Whitehall just off the bottom of the map. The northern continuation would lead to Charing Cross (now the site of Trafalgar Square). To the west of the palace is the early form of today’s St James’s Park. The eastern side of the palace extends to River Thames.
At the southern end of Whitehall Palace is the Holbein Gate which stands across the roadway now known as Whitehall. The large Privy Garden has large oblongs which almost certainly represent ornamental gardens, lined with box-hedges which was the Tudor style. In the centre of the garden, we see the representation of a water fountain. The water was probably pumped by a treadmill operated by a man – possibly one of the gardeners – who walked inside the wheel and caused the water to flow if the royalty were strolling in the gardens.
We can see that many buildings lay along the riverside of the palace. Shown in some detail is the ‘Preuy bridge’ (Privy Bridge) which is also seen in the drawing by Wyngaerde. Level with the Privy Bridge is the northern gateway into the palace precinct called, as the map shows ‘The courte gate’ (Court Gate). A large part of the land near the river was also part of the extended palace property. Just inland from where the mapmaker has written ‘The Court’ is the large roof of the Great Hall that was built by Wolsey. On its eastern side is shown the Chapel (similar style but much narrower).
Returning to the name on the map of ‘The Court’, remember that Henry VIII had acquired the premises in 1529 and that the map was made about 30 years later. The mapmaker might have been aware that the site had been known as York Place in earlier times and, not wishing to offend anyone, he diplomatically wrote ‘The Court’, using a title that always applied to a building where the monarch resided. Of course, we cannot know this for certain.
On the western side of the palace (near the park) we see the unmistakable shape of the tilt-yard. This goes back to ‘the days of old when knights were bold’ and tilted at each other, dressed in armour, while on horseback. This was not a sport for the faint-hearted. Every royal residence had a tilt-yard and the art of jousting was a great sport enjoyed by everyone – from the monarch downwards – on specially appointed days of the year.
Coming south of the tilt-yard are several buildings where other sports were enacted. The large building (looking rather like a chapel) was, in fact, a covered tennis court. On its immediate west side was a Cock Pit enjoyed (if that is the right word!) by the royalty where two fighting cocks fought to the death. Wagers were laid on which bird would survive.
If you are looking around the woodcut for the Banqueting House, you should be aware that it was not built until 1619-22, which was over 50 years after this map was completed.
The map is remarkable not only for its detail but also for its accuracy. If, when you were in primary school, you ever had to cut pieces out of a potato to make a pattern for printing onto a sheet of paper, you will have some small idea of the task of making this map. After finding a large, very flat piece of wood, all the lines on the map are formed by printing from that block and cutting out all the gaps between the narrow lines. It was a highly skilled job and, needless to say, one that needed great concentration. You could not make a mistake because it could not be rectified at a later stage. | FINEWEB-EDU |
User:Tara2060
Intro
Interested in Telecommunications and Internet. Spent 7 years working at one of the largest Telecommunications providers in Australia Vocus Group.
Love Wikipedia and starting on telecommunications sites as it is what I know.
I'm learning how to edit and contribute to increase my own skill set ... please be kind with any feedback ... I'm new :)
First Article
I'm currently working on my first article, I'll work on this over the Christmas holiday period.
If you have any suggestions for articles in the Telecommunications space please let me know. | WIKI |
An efficient, high-order method for solving Poisson equation for immersed boundaries: Combination of compact difference and multiscale multigrid methods
Shirzad Hosseinverdi, Hermann F. Fasel
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
21 Scopus citations
Abstract
A new efficient and high-order accurate sharp-interface method for solving the Poisson equation on irregular domains and non-uniform meshes is presented. The approach is based on a combination of a fourth-order compact finite difference scheme and a multiscale multigrid (MSMG) method. The key aspect of the new method is that the regular compact finite difference stencil is modified at the irregular grid points near the immersed boundary to obtain a sharp interface solution while maintaining the formal fourth-order accuracy. The MSMG method is designed based on the standard multigrid V-cycle technique to solve the system of equations derived from the fourth-order compact discretization, while the corresponding multigrid relaxation, restriction and prolongation operators are properly constructed for non-uniform grids with immersed boundaries. The contribution of the present work is the design of a fourth-order-accurate Poisson solver whose accuracy, efficiency and computational cost are independent of the complexity of the geometry and the presence or not of an immersed boundary. The new method is demonstrated and validated for a number of problems including smooth and jagged boundaries. The test cases confirm that the new method is fourth-order accurate in the maximum norm whether an immersed boundary is present or not and on uniform or non-uniform meshes. Furthermore, the computational efficiency of the new method is demonstrated with regard to convergence rate and run time, which shows that the MSMG method is equally efficient for domains with immersed boundaries as for simple domains. The new compact difference method is evaluated by comparison with the standard fourth-order (non-compact) finite difference approximation in terms of both accuracy and computational efficiency. The new compact difference scheme yields indeed more accurate numerical solutions. The striking difference between the two schemes is the much higher computational efficiency: The number of V-cycles needed to reach the discretization error is significantly lower for the new compact method compared to the standard difference scheme. As a result, the new compact scheme requires only a fraction of the computer time for convergence in comparison to the standard fourth-order difference scheme.
Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)912-940
Number of pages29
JournalJournal of Computational Physics
Volume374
DOIs
StatePublished - Dec 1 2018
Keywords
• Compact finite difference
• High-order
• Immersed boundary
• Multiscale multigrid method
• Poisson equation
ASJC Scopus subject areas
• Numerical Analysis
• Modeling and Simulation
• Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)
• Physics and Astronomy(all)
• Computer Science Applications
• Computational Mathematics
• Applied Mathematics
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Cite this | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Philosophical Review Volume 1.djvu/184
168 structure was transmitted to China from Europe, it must, if we trust their accounts, have been assumed by European music at a time long anterior to the rise of the harmonic style. Whether original or acquired, therefore, the existence of this characteristic in Chinese musical theory gives reason for the belief that other causes beside their harmonic capacity may be operative in directing the growth of diatonic music into two forms, major and minor.
During the middle ages a new set of names was given to the notes of the Chinese scale, according to Van Aalst in the fourteenth century and by the Mongols. Among them was one which Amiot writes Kong, Van Aalst giving the same spelling Kung to both this name and the ancient one called by Amiot Koung. The new name Kong was applied to the note anciently called Yu, three hemitones below Koung. Of the habitude of the flatted pien-Tche, which Van Aalst tells us was also derived from the Mongols, and has since become general in China, Amiot says nothing. We have ourselves found it in all the records of Chinese scales (Barrow, Van Aalst, Ellis, and our own songs) in which we have been able to establish the identity of the notes at all. Making this change in the position of pien-Tche, the scale appears with its mediæval and ancient names as follows:
Mediæval: HoSseYChang TcheKongFanHo $$\cdot$$ (T) $$\cdot$$ (T) $$\cdot$$ (H) $$\cdot$$ (T) $$\cdot$$ (T) $$\cdot$$ (T) $$\cdot$$ (H) $$\cdot$$ Ancient: Koung Chang KiopTcheTcheYupKg Koung
Through this change, the scale still remaining diatonic, Koung is no longer the note below the group of three, but that below the group of two tones, and Kong is not, as Yu was, the note intermediate to the group of two, but that between the upper two of the group of three. In a word, Koung has become Do, and Kong has become La: the ancient nomenclature marks out the European major; the mediæval, the European minor, mode.
The similarity in their Chinese names renders it antecedently probable that the two notes Do and La have in later times shared between them the position of theoretical primacy | WIKI |
User:Mr. Ibrahem/Spesolimab
Spesolimab, sold under the brand name Spevigo, is a medication used to treat a flair of generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP). It is given by gradual injection into a vein.
Common side effects include tiredness, nausea, headache, itchiness, bruising at the site of administration, and urinary tract infection. Other side effects may include infection, allergic reactions, and infusion reactions. It is a monoclonal antibody that blocks interleukin-36 receptor (IL1RL2/IL1RAP).
Spesolimab was approved for medical use in the United States in 2022. It is recommended for approval in Europe but is not in the approval process in the United Kingdom as of 2022. In the United States it costs about 54,000 USD per dose as of 2022. | WIKI |
Friday, July 30, 2021
And now for something completely different: "Upgrading" your Quad G5 LCS
One of the most consistently popular old posts on this blog is our discussion on long-life computing and how to extend the working, arguably even useful, life of your Power Mac. However, what I think gives it particular continued traction is it has a section on how to swap out the liquid cooling system of the Quad G5, obviously the most powerful Power Macintosh ever made and one of the only two G5 systems I believe worth using (the other being the dual-processor 2.3GHz, as it is aircooled). LCSes are finicky beasts under the best of conditions and certain liquid-cooled models of the G5 line have notoriously bad reputations for leakage. My parents' dual 2.5GHz, for example, succumbed to a leak and it ended up being a rather ugly postmortem.
The Quad G5 is one of the better ones in this regard and most of the ones that would have suffered early deaths already have, but it still requires service due to evaporative losses and sediment, and any Quad on its original processors is by now almost certainly a windtunnel under load. An ailing LCS, even an intact one, runs the real risk of an unexpected shutdown if the CPU it can no longer cool effectively ends up exceeding its internal thermal limits; you'll see a red OVERTEMP light illuminate on the logic board when this is imminent, followed by a CHECKSTOP. Like an automotive radiator it is possible to open the LCS up and flush the coolant (and potentially service the pumps), but this is not a trivial process. Additionally, those instructions are for the single-pump Delphi version 1 assembly, which is the more reliable of the two; the less reliable double-pump Cooligy version 2 assemblies are even harder to work on.
Unfortunately our current employment situation requires I downsize, so I've been starting on consolidating or finding homes for excess spare systems. I had several spare Quad G5 systems in storage in various states, all version 2 Cooligy LCSes, but the only LCS assemblies I have in stock (and the LCS in my original Quad G5) are version 1. These LCSes were bought Apple Certified Refurbished, so they were known to be in good condition and ready to go; as the spare Quads were all on their original marginal LCSes and processors, I figured I would simply "upgrade" the best-condition v2 G5 with a v1 assembly. The G5 service manual doesn't say anything about this, though it has nothing in it indicating that they aren't interchangeable, or that they need different logic boards or ROMs, and now having done it I can attest that it "just works." So here's a few things to watch out for.
Both the v1 and the v2 assemblies have multiple sets of screws: four "captive" (not really) float plate screws, six processor mount screws, four terminal assembly screws (all of which require a 3mm flathead hex driver), and four captive ballheads (4mm ballhead hex). Here's the v1, again:
And here's the v2. Compare and contrast.
The float plate screws differ between the two versions, and despite the manual calling them "captive" can be inadvertently removed. If your replacement v1 doesn't have float plate screws in it, as mine didn't, the system will not boot unless they are installed (along with the terminal assembly screws, which are integral portions of the CPU power connections). I had to steal them from a dead G5 core module that I fortunately happen to have kept.
Once installed, the grey inlet frame used in the v2 doesn't grip the v1:
The frame is not a necessary part. You can leave it out as the front fan module and clear deflector are sufficient to direct airflow. However, if you have a spare v1 inlet frame, you can install that; the mounting is the same.
The fan and pump connector cable is also the same between v1 and v2, though you may need to move the cable around a bit to get the halves to connect if it was in a wacky location.
Now run thermal calibration, and enjoy your renewed Apple PowerPC tank.
15 comments:
1. Hi! I've got an iMac G5 20" Model A1145 (iSight) which symptoms look as you describe (the fans never ramp up, then occurs an abrupt shutdown above a certain temperature).
As I've been using it exclusively as a high-level alarm clock for years now, I'm a bit reluctant to disassemble that compact beast... ;-)
I sometimes have opened it a few times though (last time was to replace the power supply) and there's no obvious sign of leakage, from what I was able to see.
Do you think a change of thermal paste could be enough? (if I ever have the courage to disassemble it...)
ReplyDelete
Replies
1. iMac G5s are all air-cooled, so it's possible cleaning out and replacing the thermal paste might be sufficient. But you point out the worst thing about the iMac G5: they are a pain to work on.
Delete
2. I'm surprised: aren't those copper tubes carrying fluid?
https://guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com/igi/Qfp1MOBfgUNsecKL.huge
If it's just a piece of metal carrying heat to another point in the computer, it's probably the worst design ever... ;-)
Delete
3. They do have liquid in them, but heatpipes aren't considered "liquid cooling systems" because the fluid is sealed in them and the heat diffuses passively through to the heat exchanger through vapour-liquid transition rather than using an active pump to move the hot liquid around.
Delete
4. Thanks a lot for the explanation! :-)
Delete
2. I still use my PPC 1.8 ghz air cooled tower for a variety of tasks. Personally I prefer the air cooled to the liquid cooled PPC. Maybe my Mac isn't as fast but the machine runs 24/7 and gives me little or few issues to complain about. (and I've never had or will have a leak!) Just my 2 cents . . .
ReplyDelete
Replies
1. I forgot to mention my 1.8 ghz is a DP model!
Delete
3. FYI, RenéRebe upgraded a single socket G5 to a air cooled 2,5GHz CPU:
https://twitter.com/ReneRebeTM/status/1167837104824639489
Maybe a LCS is not needed anymore.
ReplyDelete
Replies
1. Single socket, though. Not sure how well that would work for the Quad.
Delete
2. The Quad runs fine with one CPU removed and doesn't even balk at the lack of an LCS. As long as you install CPU A back in the same slot it was in to start with you don't even need to run a thermal calibration. I know from experience, I also use my G5 for development and have even added an NVMe SSD and Radeon HD6670 which are both supported under Linux and don't cause issues in OS X other than sleep not working.
Delete
3. That's not what I meant. One CPU is obviously a lot cooler running than two.
Delete
4. Of course. The air cooler that ships with single socket machines occupies more than half of the space that the LCS does so you'd have to get creative in order to air cool both CPUs. I reckon a couple of Noctua heatsinks would probably do the job if you could figure out how to mount them.
Delete
4. CK - Have wondered if it might be possible to put an M.2 / MVME upgrade card into that 8X slot? While you'd obviously have to find one with auto-trim (garbage collection) and might need to do some testing, I wonder if you might really open-up that G5's Hyper-Transport with such a system disc? They really cheap (the cards anyway). https://www.ebay.com/itm/143180485808
ReplyDelete
Replies
1. Yes, but it only works in Linux because Leopard has no support for NVMe in the kernel. Bearing in mind it's PCIe 1.0 and most SSDs are only x4 the performance isn't amazing but it definitely speeds up my compile times.
Delete
2. If you want the fastest possible storage for OS X then you should consider something like the Sonnet Tempo SSD which lets you add two additional internal SATA SSDs in RAID and works from 10.4 onwards.
Delete
Due to an increased frequency of spam, comments are now subject to moderation. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Opinion | Where Our Political Compass Points
Letters To the Editor: A Feb. 12 Op-Ed by Stuart Stevens asks, “How Far Left Has America Moved?” Not far enough to even inhabit the same political universe as every other democracy in the world. Yet Republicans like Mr. Stevens continue to portray centrists like President Obama as the loony left. Mr. Obama’s “leftist” health care initiative didn’t even permit discussion of a single-payer plan. His support for same-sex marriage came only after numerous courts and state legislatures had made it clear where the country was going. And Mr. Obama’s call for universal background checks for gun purchases is not leftist; it is common sense shared by the vast majority of Americans — including the vast majority of gun owners, even National Rifle Association members. Meanwhile, it is the right extreme of the political spectrum that has gone antic. The Tea Party has turned Congress into a no-fly zone for governance of any kind, leaving the Republican presidential candidates to struggle frantically to get to the right of each other — I’ll see your waterboarding and raise you carpet-bombing. I agree with one of Mr. Stevens’s points — President Bill Clinton did indeed move the American political center to the right. The great hope of Bernie Sanders’s candidacy is that it might help rationalize American politics by pulling that center back where it belongs. DAVID BERMAN New York To the Editor: David Brooks says Bernie Sanders’s policies would make the United States more like Northern Europe (“Livin’ the Danish Dream,” column, Feb. 12), and Stuart Stevens says that in many respects American politics has moved to the left. Fair enough. But research also shows that Republicans since the 1990s have become far more conservative. America’s core political dynamic today is not a leftward trend or a rightward trend, but polarization — or more precisely, asymmetrical polarization, in which Democrats have become somewhat more liberal and Republicans have become much more conservative. DAVID BLANKENHORN President Institute for American Values New York To the Editor: Is it that America has moved left, or that more and more people have come to realize that in the history of the nation conservatives have been on the wrong side of every single important political and social development? In fact, if conservatives had had their way, there wouldn’t even be a United States: The Tories vigorously opposed breaking from Britain. Conservatives opposed ending slavery and fought against the 13th Amendment to the Constitution, which abolished slavery. They opposed giving women the right to vote. They opposed the graduated income tax, Social Security and Medicare. More recently — and still — they opposed gay marriage. Every single advance in the country has been proposed by progressives — often labeled “radicals” — and opposed by conservatives. Over time, the majority of the public embraced these changes, and eventually even conservatives — well, most of them — went along. So is the country really more liberal? Or are people just seeing conservatives for the obstructionists that they are? MICHAEL SPIELMAN Bronx | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Today, calculators make many things easier. No more hours of torture to check that the calculation is correct. Nowadays, we enter everything we need for the count into the calculator, getting the correct answer. So, if you want to know how much energy you spend with each stride, here is our calculator. Make the calculation process easier for you.
Also, for more calculators in math, physics, finance, health, and more, visit our main site, or you can see these sport-related posts such as GAA Calculator, Passer Rating or Wilks Calculator. Make sure to check this related Steps to Miles Calculator as well.
What is stride length?
Stride length is the distance covered by two steps, one with each foot.
Walk with your legs together. You can start with whichever foot you want, but let’s take the example of the left:
• 1. Step forward with your left foot.
• 2. Now, both feet are on the floor with the left foot in front of the right.
• 3. Lift your right leg, swing past your left foot and place it on the floor.
• 4. Now, both feet are on the floor with the right foot in front of the left.
The distance travelled during these movements is the length of your stride.
The stride length is the distance from the toe of the right foot from the starting position to the toe of the right foot in the end position. Length stride represents the distance from the heel of your right foot in the starting position to the heel of your right foot in the end position.
What is step length?
The distance travelled with only one step is called the length of the steps.
Start walking with your legs together. You can go with the foot you want, but let’s take the example of the left:
• 1. Lift your left leg and step forward.
• 2. Now, both feet are on the floor, but the left foot is in front of the right.
The distance travelled by your left foot is the length of your stride.
Sometimes there is even a difference between the lengths of the left and right steps.
step vs. stride length
step vs. stride lengt
Stride Length Formula
distance in feet/number of strides = stride length
How to use stride length calculator and calculate my stride length?
To calculate your walking stride length, divide the number of steps you took by two and divide that number into the measured distance. If it took you 18 steps to cover 21 feet, divide the number of steps (18) by 2 to get the number of strides. Then take the answer (9) and divide it into the distance. Distance in feet/number of strides = stride length. In this case, you took nine strides in 22 feet, so your stride length would be 2.4 feet.
On average, it takes about 2,000 steps to walk a mile.
There are 5,280 feet in a mile. Therefore, to determine the number of steps, you will take to walk a mile, divide 5,280 by your step length. Likewise, to determine the number of strides it will take you to walk a mile, divide 5,280 by your stride length.
Estimate Stride Length by Height Females and Males table
You can use a special table to determine the approximate value of the size of the male or female stride.
Height (cm)For men (cm)For women (cm)
160 – 1656766
165 – 1706968
170 – 1757170
175 – 1807473
180 – 1857876
185 and more8078
How to measure stride length?
A pedometer or meter is needed to measure the length of the stride. You can calculate your stride by crossing a certain distance and dividing that distance by the number of steps taken.
• Locate a pedometer to count your steps.
• Run or walk a known distance and track your number of steps.
• Divide your total distance by the number of steps
You can also measure stride length this way:
• First, pick a starting place and mark it with an item.
• Next, take 10 natural steps forward, starting with your right foot.
• Then make a mark in front of your right foot after 10 steps.
• Finally, measure the distance between your starting and stopping points.
• Divide your distance in inches or centimetres by 10
• Repeat this 2-3 times to find an accurate average.
Average stride length
According to the University of Iowa, the average person’s walking step length is 2.5 feet (30 inches), so the average stride length would be approximately 5 feet (60 inches). An average that you will see listed in many places is 2.2 feet (0.67 meters) for women and 2.5 feet (0.762 meters) for men, but it depends very much on height.
FAQ
How many steps/strides will it take me to walk a mile?
The average person has a stride length of approximately 2.1 to 2.5 feet. This means it takes over 2,000 steps to walk one mile, and 10,000 steps would be nearly 5,000.
How many steps should you take in a day?
You don’t need any equipment or a membership card to walk. 10,000 steps, or eight kilometres, is the approximate goal recommended by most health literature. That approximate number was defined in 1965 when Y. Hatano invented the pedometer and determined that 10,000 steps are the ideal amount one must cross to burn excess calories. Now that number of steps has been accepted by the World Health Organization.
But if 10,000 steps a day is too much for you, don’t be discouraged. Something is better than nothing. Studies consistently show that even modest amounts of exercise can benefit your health. For most of us, with extra 30 minutes of activity a day, we would halve our mortality rate, we would live longer and better.
How many steps for weight loss?
10,000 steps a day is enough to lose weight, but 15,000 would be even better because it could reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and narrow the waistline
What is average stride length by height?
Find the subtitle ” Estimate Stride Length by Height Females and Males table” to get answer this question. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:Fer Smith
Hello, my name is Federico Sánchez (born on February 17, 1941) born Frederick Maurice Nick Sánchez Wadson in London, United Kingdom. I live in Argentina, Buenos Aires for several years with my wife dedicated to what I like, as a musician and writer. I joined Wikipedia to collaborate and meet the requirements for being a good editor. You can contact me on my page who Mailing, thanks.
es:Usuario:Fer_Smith | WIKI |
Talk:Guiding Light (2000–2009)
Dates
Please do not link individual years, per Manual_of_Style_%28dates_and_numbers%29 and WP:CONTEXT. The exception is if the year is from a different decade than the previous article, for example referencing something which happened in the previous or next decade. Then, the year should be piped to the appropriate article: 1992 KillerChihuahua?!? 14:56, 5 February 2006 (UTC)
Cast
And yet again someone copied the list from SOAP OPERA DIGEST. Don't do it, people. Its a copyright violation, and it does not present the information in encyclopedic format. Add and edit, but DO NOT USE the Current, Recurring, Coming and Going format. Do not cheat and copyvio paste from Soap Opera Digest or from any other site. KillerChihuahua?!? 03:04, 3 July 2006 (UTC)
The cast list in my opinion is a mess. I perfer the alphabetical format that all the other shows use AND the Contract, Recurring List is the OFFICIAL format that the Soap Opera group here on Wikipedia has laid out. But I'm not going to go through and change it all for someone to decided they want it their way and change it back to this mess. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 02:11, 6 September 2007 (UTC)
Find your Light
Information needed about the find your light campaigne. I don't think that you can discuss the current phase of the show without it.
The invisible cast
So is someone ever going to put a non-SOD cast list up? EDIT: Fine, I'll do it myself! —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs) 22:17, 8 July 2007 (UTC)
* It was there until someone vandalized the article here. KillerChihuahua?!? 02:04, 7 August 2007 (UTC)
Fair use rationale for Image:Sod12172002cover.jpg
Image:Sod12172002cover.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.
BetacommandBot (talk) 06:30, 21 January 2008 (UTC)
"The ____ Family"
Whoever keeps changing the cast list back to this format is making a mess of things. Frankly it's tacky and not encyclopedic in any way at all. Check the ATWT, Y&R, B&B, Passions, OLTL pages...basically EVERY soap opera page except this one follows the Contract, Recurring, comings & goings pattern.
The real world
First of all I love the new look of the show.I would like to know more about the town you are filming in. And I would like to now about the mansion and the grounds arround it its so beautiful. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:52, 6 July 2008 (UTC)
title
Guiding Light (2000–present) should be Guiding Light (2000–2009) —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:40, 15 September 2009 (UTC) | WIKI |
Youth Climate Movement
The Youth Climate Movement (YouNGO) or International Youth Climate Movement (IYCM) refers to an international network of youth organisations that collectively aims to inspire, empower and mobilise a generational movement of young people to take positive action on climate change.
Formation
Since the Rio Earth Summit in 1992, individual youth have been participating in international negotiations related to different environmental and sustainable development issues. With the formation of the European Youth Forum in 1996, and the U.S. youth organization SustainUS in 2001, youth-run organizations began to send delegations of youth to actively participation in these various worldwide negotiations, principally through the United Nations. Individual youth had been participating in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, and with the new level of youth organization participation in international negotiations, youth organizations began to identify the UN climate negotiations as a new forum to increase youth participation in.
From November 28 to December 9, 2005, the United Nations (UN) Climate Change Convention (COP 11 or COP/MOP 1) took place at the Palais des congrès de Montréal in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Youth delegations from member nations, including the United States (via SustainUS), Canada, and Australia, attended to advocate on behalf of young people. As a result, the concept of the International Youth Climate Movement was first developed, though it was originally referred to as the International Youth Delegation, referring to the youth delegates at the international climate negotiations.
Following on from this in September 2006, the Canadian Youth Climate Coalition was launched, consisting of 48 youth organisations from across the nation. This was soon followed by the Australian Youth Climate Coalition in November, which itself was a coalition of 27 youth organisations from across Australia.
In March 2008, the Indian Youth Climate Network joined the Global Youth Climate Movement whilst in June 2008, the United Kingdom ambassadors to the World Wide Fund for Nature's Voyage for the Future programme, Emma Biermann and Casper ter Kuile, created the UK Youth Climate Coalition (UKYCC), after returning from the Arctic to witness the impact of climate change. More recently, coalitions in Africa, China, Japan, Pacific Islands and South Asia have been established with the same mission statement as the International Youth Climate Movement.
Structure
Across the world, there are youth organisations who have formed coalitions to take positive action on climate change, such as the UK Youth Climate Coalition, which are led entirely by a team of young people. Each Climate Coalition or Climate Network is affiliated to a regional or continental movement. These movements include the African Youth Initiative on Climate Change; Caribbean Youth Environmental Network; European Youth Climate Movement; Project Survival Pacific; Nordic Youth Climate Action Movement; North East Asia Youth Environmental Network; the South American Youth Climate Coalition and the South Asia Youth Environment Network. Consequently, these local, national and continental organisations come together to form the International Youth Climate Movement.
Governance
The International Youth Climate Movement, although an umbrella term for the movements of young people taking place across the world, is run by teams of volunteers. These teams of volunteers organise themselves into different working groups and form the central organs of the movement, coordinated by a "Bottomlining Team" that helps to organize their efforts, especially at international climate negotiations.
Funding
The movement is funded by contributions from its member organisations, as well as occasional contributions from organizations like UNICEF and the government of the Netherlands.
Members
National members of the Youth Climate Movement include: the AYLCF Climate Action Network (France); Australian Youth Climate Coalition; Canadian Youth Climate Coalition; Arab Youth Climate Movement, China Youth Climate Action Network; ECO Singapore; Energy Action Coalition (U.S.A.), headed by coalition organization SustainUS; Project Survival Pacific, Ghana National Youth Coalition on Climate Change; Hong Kong Climate Change Coalition; Indian Youth Climate Network; Japan Youth Ecology League; Malaysian Youth Climate Justice Network; Nature and Youth Denmark; New Zealand Youth Delegation; Nigerian Youth Green Coalition on Climate Change; Russian Youth Climate Movement; Taiwan Youth Climate Coalition; Bangladesh Youth Movement for Climate (BYMC); Young Friends of the Earth; World Alliance of YMCAs; World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts; World Organisation of the Scout Movement, Malaysia Youth Delegation (MYD) and the UK Youth Climate Coalition.
Campaigns
Alongside the national campaigns undertaken by the domestic coalitions and domestic networks, such as the Power Shift conferences, the International Youth also undertake their own global campaigns, which are coordinated by a team of young volunteers.
Conference of Youth
The first Conference of Youth (COY) was held in 2005, in Montreal, Canada, shortly before the Eleventh Conference of Parties. The event brings together youth delegates for sharing resources, training, networking and collective discussions. It is also an opportunity for the youth climate movement to plan their activities over the course of the negotiations and the subsequent year.
The fifth Conference of Youth took place at the University of Copenhagen from the 4–6 December 2009 where over 700 young people from 100 countries are reported to have attended. The sixth was held at the Universidad del Caribe in preparation for the Cancun climate negotiations.
The two- or three-day event takes place annually, and it is scheduled each year to be held shortly before the United Nations Conference of Parties, where nations convene to assess the progress of the climate negotiations.
Participation at the UNFCCC negotiation process
Since 2005, each domestic coalition or network within the Youth Climate Movement has sent a delegation to the United Nations Climate Change Conference (UNFCCC) to represent young people in their respective country.
In June 2009, the youth organisations participating in the United Nations climate change negotiations submitted an application to become a constituency. In August 2009, the constituency application was provisionally approved by the climate change Secretariat, making youth the 7th constituency to join the climate negotiations. The official title for the youth participation to the climate negotiations is 'YOUNGO'. The maiden focal points for the YOUNGO elected were Wilson Ang (Singapore), sponsored by SustainUS, and Lina Li (China), sponsored by 350.org, representing the International Youth Climate Movement in an official capacity (despite the provisional status until 2011).
Currently, the elected focal points who represent the International Youth Climate Movement are Lauren Nutter (U.S.A.), sponsored by SustainUS, and Jean Paul Brice Affana (Cameroon), sponsored by Jeunes Volontaires pour l'Environnement. They follow 2010-2011 Focal Points, Sébastien Duyck (France), sponsored by Service Civil International and Rishikesh Ram Bhandary (Nepal), sponsored by SustainUS.
Throughout the year, there are other opportunities for the members of the International Youth Climate Movement to convene. For example, at the International Youth Summit on Energy and Climate Change in Beijing, China
In 2021 the health working group in the organization demanded the participation of youth climate activists in post COVID-19 pandemic recovery, as the pandemic is probably linked to climate change.
Think 2050 Campaign
In 2009, the UK Youth Climate Coalition worked with the Youth Movement, in particular the European Youth Climate Movement and SustainUS to launch the "How old will you be in 2050?" campaign at the United Nations Climate negotiations taking place in Bonn, Germany. The slogan has been used by the Youth Movement since then and was also the focus for the International Youth "Young and Future Generations Day" in December 2009. The campaign seeks to emphasise the need to cut carbon emissions by 80% by 2050 on 1990 levels, as young people will be the ones to inherit this world and decisions made today will have a direct impact on their lives in 40 years time.
Participation in writing an international report
In 2022, a team of scientists published a report called "Stockholm+50: Unlocking a Better Future", which analyzed the impact of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in 1972 and offered recommendations for the future. The key message is to "redefine the relationship between humans and nature, achieve lasting prosperity for all, and invest in a better future." In addition, youth researchers issued a youth version of the report: "Charting a Youth Vision for a Just and Sustainable Future". The key messages are: "Health well being and communal solidarity, living in harmony with nature, international solidarity-living as one global family, a world when all humans are equal." The Youth Climate Movement (YOUNGO) and some of its members helped craft the report. | WIKI |
PipeAccessRule Class
Represents an abstraction of an access control entry (ACE) that defines an access rule for a pipe.
Namespace: System.IO.Pipes
Assembly: System.Core (in System.Core.dll)
[HostProtectionAttribute(SecurityAction.LinkDemand, MayLeakOnAbort = true)]
public sealed class PipeAccessRule : AccessRule
NameDescription
System_CAPS_pubmethodPipeAccessRule(IdentityReference, PipeAccessRights, AccessControlType)
Initializes a new instance of the PipeAccessRule class with the specified identity, pipe access rights, and access control type.
System_CAPS_pubmethodPipeAccessRule(String, PipeAccessRights, AccessControlType)
Initializes a new instance of the PipeAccessRule class with the specified identity, pipe access rights, and access control type.
NameDescription
System_CAPS_pubpropertyAccessControlType
Gets the AccessControlType value associated with this AccessRule object.(Inherited from AccessRule.)
System_CAPS_protpropertyAccessMask
Gets the access mask for this rule.(Inherited from AuthorizationRule.)
System_CAPS_pubpropertyIdentityReference
Gets the IdentityReference to which this rule applies.(Inherited from AuthorizationRule.)
System_CAPS_pubpropertyInheritanceFlags
Gets the value of flags that determine how this rule is inherited by child objects.(Inherited from AuthorizationRule.)
System_CAPS_pubpropertyIsInherited
Gets a value indicating whether this rule is explicitly set or is inherited from a parent container object.(Inherited from AuthorizationRule.)
System_CAPS_pubpropertyPipeAccessRights
Gets the PipeAccessRights flags that are associated with the current PipeAccessRule object.
System_CAPS_pubpropertyPropagationFlags
Gets the value of the propagation flags, which determine how inheritance of this rule is propagated to child objects. This property is significant only when the value of the InheritanceFlags enumeration is not None.(Inherited from AuthorizationRule.)
NameDescription
System_CAPS_pubmethodEquals(Object)
Determines whether the specified object is equal to the current object.(Inherited from Object.)
System_CAPS_pubmethodGetHashCode()
Serves as the default hash function. (Inherited from Object.)
System_CAPS_pubmethodGetType()
Gets the Type of the current instance.(Inherited from Object.)
System_CAPS_pubmethodToString()
Returns a string that represents the current object.(Inherited from Object.)
Access control rules define user account rights that determine which actions are allowed or disallowed on computers that are running Microsoft Windows.
The PipeAccessRule class represents an abstraction of an underlying access control entry (ACE) that specifies a user account, the type of access to provide (read, write, and so on), and whether to allow or deny that right. This class can also specify how access rules are propagated to child objects.
Use the PipeAccessRule class to create a new access rule. You can persist the rule using the PipeSecurity class.
.NET Framework
Available since 3.5
Any public static ( Shared in Visual Basic) members of this type are thread safe. Any instance members are not guaranteed to be thread safe.
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Show: | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Problem with vertically Concatenating vectors in a function
1 view (last 30 days)
I have a cell array ABC containing three cells each cell contains a 1x1000 double. What I want is to put every double on top of each other in a column vector (nx1).
ABC={1x1000 cell
1x992 cell
1x928 cell);
My function looks like this:
nr=3;
s=1000;
[D]=func(nr,ABC,s);
function D = func(nr,ABC,s)
D = [];
for y =1:nr
data_length = length(ABC{y});
for o = 1:data_length
G((o-1)*s+1:o*s) = [ABC{y}{o} zeros(1,s-length(ABC{y}{o}))].';
end
D = [D; G.'];
end
end
My output should be D=2920000x1 double
But my output now is D=3000000x1 double
Accepted Answer
Stephen23
Stephen23 on 28 Apr 2021
Edited: Stephen23 on 28 Apr 2021
Rather than using a loop, a much better use of MATLAB would be to use comma-separated lists:
For example:
out = cellfun(@(a)a(:),[ABC{:}],'uni',0);
out = vertcat(out{:})
Or
out = [ABC{:}];
out = [out{:}].'
2 Comments
Joel Schelander
Joel Schelander on 28 Apr 2021
Ye its not sorry. Cell 3 looks like this
AAG{3,1}=1x757 double 1x726 double 1x761 double 1x785 double...]
The thing is that each of the doubles have a representing value in another cell array.
AAI{3,1}=[8 11 8 11...]
What I really want to achieve is to plot AAI against AAG.. Thus I need to repeat the values of AAI so that it corresponds to the doubles in AAG.
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More Answers (1)
DGM
DGM on 27 Apr 2021
% a cell array of numeric row vectors
A = {1:3,10:14,1:5}
% all row vectors concatenated into a col vector
bigcolvec = [A{:}]'
gives
A =
1×3 cell array
{1×3 double} {1×5 double} {1×5 double}
bigcolvec =
1
2
3
10
11
12
13
14
1
2
3
4
5
1 Comment
Joel Schelander
Joel Schelander on 28 Apr 2021
Now the vectos from the cells cant be concatenated:
Error using vertcat
Dimensions of arrays being concatenated are not consistent.
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PARM 1 mine
The PARM 1 (DM12) and its improved version (DM22) is a German off-route mine that fires a fin stabilized rocket. PARM stands for PanzerAbwehrRichtMine, anti-tank directional mine.
Development
The mine was developed in the early 1980s to meet the US MIL-STD-331A and US MIL-STD-810C requirements. Trials of the mine were conducted between March 1983 and March 1988. In June 1988 it was accepted into service with the Bundeswehr, with the Army receiving the first batch of 25,000 between 1991 and 1994. The PARM 2 was a development of PARM 1 incorporating an infrared sensor and an improved rocket.
The German Ministry of Defense signed a contract with TDW in October 2023 to deliver mines to replace those sent to Ukraine, restarting DM22 production for the first time since 1998. 2,600 mines are initially ordered with an option for 10,000 more; the first production qualification batch is planned for 2025, with serial production starting in 2026, and first deliveries planned for 2027.
PARM 1
The PARM 1 is mounted on a small tripod, allowing it to be traversed through 360 degrees, elevated to 90 degrees and depressed to −45 degrees. The mine is manually emplaced and incorporates an arming delay of five minutes. It is detonated by a fibre optic trigger cable, which triggers the mine when it is crushed.
The mine has an effective range of between 2 and 40 m. The rocket has a velocity of approximately 120 m/s, and has a claimed armour penetration of 600 mm. The modified DM22 automatically deactivates after 40 days.
1600 DM22 mines were delivered to Ukrainian armed services in early May 2022.
PARM 2
The PARM 2 incorporates an infrared sensor, the SAPIR, which acts to accurately fire the rocket to ranges up to 100 m. The warhead of the PARM 2 has been upgraded, with armour penetration of 750 mm and a capability against reactive armour. It can be programmed to be active for between several hours and 30 days. | WIKI |
There’s no doubt about it – air pollution is bad for our health. Regularly inhaling polluted air can lead to pulmonary, respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, as well as exacerbate allergies and weaken the immune system.
Air pollution is defined as anything that contaminates the atmosphere by disrupting the air’s natural chemistry. Air pollutants can be divided into two categories:
1. Primary pollutants: Pollutants emitted into the atmosphere directly from a source, for example volcanic eruptions or factory emissions.
2. Secondary pollutants: Pollutants formed as a result of chemical reactions from primary pollutants in the atmosphere, such as the formation of ozone due to a chemical reaction between sunlight, organic gases, and nitrogen from vehicle emissions and factories.
While natural sources, such as volcanic eruptions, cause air pollution, human activities have contributed significantly to the increase in air pollution in recent decades. Some of the worst air pollutants today include:
• Particulate matter (PM): These are microscopic particles made up of various solid and liquid organic and inorganic compounds. They are harmful when inhaled, as they can penetrate the lung barrier and enter the bloodstream.
• Ozone: As explained above, ozone is formed when nitrogen emissions react with sunlight. High concentrations of ozone can cause skin and respiratory irritations (e.g. asthma) and pulmonary disease. It can also damage plant growth and negatively impact ecosystems.
• Carbon Monoxide (CO): An odourless, toxic gas released when fossil fuels such as coal and oil are incompletely burnt (e.g. exhaust emissions, gas-based household heating equipment, and industrial emissions). Prolonged inhalation can cause headaches, weakness, confusion, dizziness, and eventually, death.
• Sulfur dioxide (SO₂): A gas produced when fuels containing sulfur are burnt during industrial processes. It can lead to health complications for individuals with pre-existing heart and lung conditions.
Other major air pollutants that can negatively impact human health and the environment include nitrogen oxides, lead, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), dioxine, and benzene.
While it might seem like a daunting task, humanity must continue to work together to reduce emissions to protect human health and the ecosystems on which we depend for survival.
—————————————————————————————————————————————————
Sources:
• https://factor.niehs.nih.gov/2015/1/science-nadeau/index.htm
Keywords: primary pollutants, secondary pollutants, air pollution | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
7 Overlooked Dividend Stocks That Could Outperform The Market
InvestorPlace - Stock Market News, Stock Advice & Trading Tips
With the Federal Reserve’s fight to curb inflation far from over, it’s safe to assume that a “Fed pivot” is not forthcoming. As interest rates remain high, it may take some more time for the bull market to return. With this in mind, it may prove worthwhile to focus on more promising opportunities in this environment, such as overlooked dividend stocks.
Why? Stocks in this category could generate market-beating returns, in two ways. First, of course, from their steady, above-average dividends. Not as widely followed as, say, dividend aristocrats, their relative obscurity means they have not been bid up to prices that give them satisfactory yet not exactly exciting forward yields. Second, these stocks aren’t only doomed to provide a steady payout, and trade sideways. These stocks trade at low valuations and have potential catalysts that could move them to materially higher prices, irrespective of the market’s overall direction.
So, what are the top overlooked dividend stocks to buy today? Consider these seven. Each one has the potential to deliver market-beating total returns.
ARC ARC Document Solutions $3.78
DOUG Douglas Elliman $5.09
EGY VAALCO $4.75
NYCB New York Community $9.58
PBI Pitney Bowes $4.28
SBGI Sinclair Broadcast $19.67
SQM Sociedad Química y Minera de Chile $93.13
ARC Document Solutions (ARC)
Source: Dmitry Lobanov/Shutterstock.com
Based in San Ramon, California, ARC Document Solutions (NYSE:ARC) is a digital printing and document-related services company. Operating around the world, a major industry that it serves is the engineering and construction space. Last month, I named ARC stock one of the best penny stocks, due to its low valuation and steady operating results. Despite economic downturn worries, ARC’s earnings could keep growing. Sell-side estimates call for earnings to increase from 26 cents per share in 2022 to 34 cents per share in 2024.
This could drive outsized gains for ARC, as shares move higher due to both increased earnings, as well as from multiple expansions. However, that’s not the only reason why you should consider buying this stock. ARC is also one of the best overlooked dividend stocks, with its high forward yield of 5.31%. Earnings growth could result in moderate increases to this payout over time.
Douglas Elliman (DOUG)
Source: Shutterstock
Like ARC, Douglas Elliman (NYSE:DOUG) is another small-cap stock that also offers an above-average dividend yield. Shares in the luxury real estate services firm currently have a forward dividend yield of 3.92%.
Admittedly, now may seem like the worst time to enter a position in DOUG stock, given the current uncertainties surrounding the housing market. The U.S. has already experienced a housing slowdown, and despite voices saying otherwise, another “housing crash” isn’t outside the realm of possibility.
So, why DOUG, and why now? With its move from $12 to $5 per share since its debut in late 2021, one can argue that the market has already priced in the impact of a housing downturn. Although earnings have dropped, Douglas Elliman is expected to report positive earnings during this rough patch. Once the housing market rebounds, earnings could bounce back as well, driving a recovery for DOUG stock.
VAALCO Energy (EGY)
Source: Shutterstock
VAALCO Energy (NYSE:EGY) is an oil exploration and production company. Earlier this month, I argued that EGY is one of the most undervalued small-cap stocks. Trading for just 4.2 times earnings, it’s dirt cheap, even for an energy stock. However, EGY stock has now become one of the best overlooked dividend stocks. Why? On Feb. 14, management announced that it is raising Vaalco’s quarterly dividend by 92%, from 3.25 cents per share to 6.25 cents per share. This increase gives EGY a forward yield of 5.23%.
Besides providing investors with steady returns with this higher payout, EGY also offers ample upside potential. Cost savings from its merger with TransGlobe Energy could result in earnings growth, even if crude oil prices fail to return to their 2022 highs. A moderate increase in earnings may be enough to convince the market to give Vaalco a higher valuation.
New York Community Bancorp (NYCB)
Source: Shutterstock
With a low valuation (7.7 times earnings) and a high dividend yield (7.1%), New York Community Bancorp (NYSE:NYCB) almost seems too good to be true. That is, appearing to be the perfect value stock, it must be a value trap, right?
Not necessarily. Yes, NYCB stock has been far from a top performer over the past twelve months. Although moving higher since January, shares have fallen by around 16.4% since last February. However, there is a catalyst that could keep the stock on an upward trajectory.
As InvestorPlace’s Ian Bezek argued in January, NYCB’s recently finalized merger with Flagstar Bancorp could pave the way to higher earnings. Even if this does not result in a big re-rating, it may result in modest gains for the stock. Coupled with the high yield, this could result in total returns that outperform the overall stock market.
Pitney Bowes (PBI)
Source: Shutterstock
At current prices, Pitney Bowes (NYSE:PBI) has a fairly high forward dividend yield (4.73%), but with a payout ratio well above 100%, admittedly this payout (already slashed in 2018) could be in for another decrease.
Or will it? Efforts from shareholder activist Hestia Capital to take over the business products company’s board in a proxy fight may help secure this payout, and more importantly, push PBI stock to much higher prices. Hestia has a game plan to help optimize the performance of Pitney Bowes’ business.
Of course, Hestia needs to win the proxy fight, at Pitney Bowes’ next annual shareholder meeting, which based on the date of last year’s meeting, will likely occur in early May. However, with PBI’s poor performance over the past five years (down more than 65%), a majority of PBI shareholders may decide to cast their vote for Hestia’s slate.
Sinclair Broadcast Group (SBGI)
Source: Shutterstock
Sinclair Broadcast Group (NASDAQ:SBGI) shares have been in a multi-year slump. Investors are bearish about future prospects for the company, which is one of America’s largest owners/operators of broadcast television stations. However, investors deciding to go contrarian with SBGI stock could be rewarded, in two ways. First, as a result of falling out of favor with investors, SBGI has become one of the overlooked dividend stocks. At current prices, shares have a forward yield of 5.28%. Second, investor sentiment could swing back.
As a Seeking Alpha commentator has pointed out, Sinclair is protected from further downside from its ill-fated investment in Diamond Sports Group. This aspect of the Sinclair story isn’t likely to have an additional negative impact. Between valuable “hidden assets,” management’s share repurchase efforts, and the potential for earnings to bounce back during the 2024 election cycle, there’s plenty that could change the market’s view on SBGI.
Sociedad Quimica y Minera de Chile (SQM)
Source: Shutterstock
Sociedad Quimica y Minera de Chile (NYSE:SQM) is a popular vehicle among many investors looking for exposure to the “lithium boom,” or a massive increase in demand for lithium, due to its use in the production of electric vehicles (or EV) batteries.
Despite last year’s worries of a “lithium bust,” so far no such event has occurred. As EV proliferation results in demand continuing to outpace supply, as has been the trend recently, SQM is in a strong position to experience continued earnings growth in the coming years.
But besides the prospect of earnings growth resulting in price appreciation for SQM stock, this stock’s very high yield could result in some stunning total returns. SQM today has a trailing twelve-month (or TTM) dividend yield of 9.43%. Although this company has a variable dividend policy, assuming that earnings keep climbing, so too will this payout.
On the date of publication, Thomas Niel did not hold (either directly or indirectly) any other positions in the securities mentioned in this article. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the writer, subject to the InvestorPlace.com Publishing Guidelines.
Thomas Niel, a contributor for InvestorPlace.com, has been writing single-stock analyses for web-based publications since 2016.
The post 7 Overlooked Dividend Stocks That Could Outperform The Market appeared first on InvestorPlace.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Talk:Stradomia Wierzchnia
Owner of the village
I am sorry, but this: "In 17th July 1329 the villages was given to Janco von Gaveron as Feudal Lord by Bolko II of Ziębice (* 1301 - 1341,† 1341) and he became the father of the House of von Gaffron und Oberstradam." is completely nonsense. Gaffron123 (talk) 16:45, 7 February 2013 (UTC) | WIKI |
Talk:History of Rhode Island/Archive 1
Untitled
this is helpful but what is the percantage from men to women in the late 1600? , or remove the very long history section in that article. --Ehburrus 01:46, 2 October 2006 (UTC)
Demographics of settlers
This story says that "Baptists founded Rhode Island". The article does not really clearly characterize the religious affiliation of the founders. If it's possible to do that for Williams and Hutchinson, or for other groups of immigrants at various times (and for later immigrants, their countries of origin), that would be informative. -- Beland 22:20, 29 December 2006 (UTC)
Boundaries
A longer explanation of how the boundaries of the state were established would be informative. In particular, it seems that at some point Bristol County, Rhode Island was transferred from Massachusetts. -- Beland 02:09, 27 November 2006 (UTC)
* I'm working on this now. See also History of Massachusetts. -- Beland 17:43, 15 October 2007 (UTC)
Population
I suggest replacing the population statistics with one that has the state only. The others, collected, just seem strange to me and don't really "prove" or demonstrate anything IMO.
It could be replaced with the historical one from the Rhode Island article. Or maybe, fork Demographics from there and link to it from here. Student7 (talk) 18:41, 27 March 2011 (UTC)
* copied table from RI article and replaced the unusual one. Student7 (talk) 02:17, 30 March 2011 (UTC)
King Philip
Is there any source for the claim that Metacomet was nick-named King Philip by British colonists? The word nick-name implies it wasn't a serious royal title with a Christian given name, whereas British accounts of exploration from the period speak of numerous kings and royals in North America. Why are we to believe this was not a respectful title used by the colonists? If a source can't be provided, I suggest a neutral term be used, something along the lines of "(his British appellation, his native name being Metacomet)". Hypatea (talk) 13:00, 4 August 2012 (UTC)
* Metacomet was given the name "King Philip" by his colonist teachers, (says Hine & Faragher 2000 p 63) Metacomet adopted the name -- possibly it was more like making fun of him (like giving fancy Roman names to slaves). "Chief" of "Sachem" were more exact and more honorific. see Note that England had a King Philip not long before in 1554-58-- ie Philip II of Spain the Spanish Catholic king who was husband of Queen Mary I ("Bloody Mary")-- and he was greatly hated and vilified. Rjensen (talk) 13:24, 4 August 2012 (UTC)
The Constitution
I recall reading somewhere that RI, as the last holdout for ratification, claimed that it WAS the United States, since it was the only state faithful to the Articles of Confederation, which by its own terms could be amended only by unanimous ratification. If true, it's amusing, but I'm unsure if it would be a useful addition to the article. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Dynzmoar (talk • contribs) 16:33, 23 February 2014 (UTC)
Bloodless Revolution
I saw in an article (about a current scandal involving the Speaker of the House) an intriguing mention of a "Bloodless Revolution" (proper name) that "remains one of the most significant power transfers in history". Maybe the author was being a bit hyperbolic, but this article's current content includes only a passing reference to this "Bloodless Revolution" that sounds like a fairly dramatic event that, by implication of its virtual absence, no Wikipedia editors have yet found important enough to fully include or even discuss here on the talk page. Anyone out there willing to write a paragraph or so about this event? (NPOV, of course, and preferably with cited references). ~ Jeff Q (talk) 06:18, 22 March 2014 (UTC)
* It's mentioned over at the Theodore F. Green page, too. Can't say I had heard of it and there are zero sources cited on either page about it. I added two, but there's more from each that could be added to develop this. --— Rhododendrites talk | 15:01, 22 March 2014 (UTC)
Colonial relations with Indians section
The section "Colonial relations with Indians" has quite a number of errors and misleading information. Squanto was friends with the Plymouth colonists, not Roger Williams; he died years before Williams even arrived in New England. The Narragansett tribe was not "persuaded" to join the colonists in the Pequot war; the two tribes were already enemies, and the Narragansetts were willing participants. I have corrected these and other mistakes, and I have also changed wordings which were misleading (e.g., referring to the "cities of Rhode Island" during a time when there was no state of Rhode Island, let alone cities; etc.). Preceding unsigned comment added by Dilidor (talk) 11:37, 29 June 2016 (UTC)
Contradictions
This article is contradicted by, which says that Warwick already existed by 1642, and in that year the four towns of Providence, Warwick, Portsmouth, and Newport were united under a single charter. It would probably be useful to refer to actual history books for a more detailed explanation which can be properly summarized here. -- Beland 17:50, 15 October 2007 (UTC)
The Native American Indian group lived in Rhode Island is the Narragansett.They lived on the west side of Narragansett Bay.They hunted, fished, grew corn,and veggies.(<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:12, 28 January 2010 (UTC))
I have removed the contradiction template, as the material re: Warwick is a copy-paste from the same paragraph on the R.I. page--thus, there is no longer any discrepancy.
Dilidor (talk) 18:10, 2 August 2016 (UTC)
Timeline of Rhode Island
Any interest in creating a Timeline of Rhode Island article? A few other U.S. states have timelines (see Category:Timelines of states of the United States). Here are some sources: -- M2545 (talk) 05:03, 22 September 2016 (UTC)
I'm interested in this, but have never created a new page before. What is the process and protocol? Does one simply start writing and save it as one goes along? Or is the "sandbox" used (itself a notion which escapes my understanding)? Dilidor (talk) 11:02, 22 September 2016 (UTC)
* Here is a guide: Your first article. Let me know if you have any questions. -- M2545 (talk) 11:12, 22 September 2016 (UTC)
External links modified
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External links modified
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* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060925071033/http://www.rilin.state.ri.us/studteaguide/RhodeIslandHistory/chapt6.html to http://www.rilin.state.ri.us/studteaguide/RhodeIslandHistory/chapt6.html
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Recent edit
I undid the reversion of my edits yesterday because there was no good reason for it. The edit history just says "Over-linking," but I suggest that it is quite absurd to have an article about the History of Rhode Island which does not have a link to the article about the modern state of Rhode Island or to its constitution. Also, the editor did not just remove the links, he removed the entire sentences in which they appeared. Why he objects to people knowing that the state constitution was replaced in 1843 and again in 1987 he did not see fit to explain. However, I think the onus is on editors to justify the removal of pertinent facts, rather than the addition of them. Richard75 (talk) 18:16, 9 July 2018 (UTC)
* Rather than remove unsourced sentences, it would be better to point out that objection, so that a source can be added, instead of just deleting them. (It was quite obvious that sources are available, since they appear in the article linked to.) Now I have to undo you edit in order to add the sources. I recommend you add tags next time. Richard75 (talk) 18:23, 9 July 2018 (UTC)
* I am attempting to reduce the over-linking in the article and to make the remaining links more effective. I did not merely revert your edits; I began going through the entire article to add links that were pertinent. This included a link to the state of RI, but it appears at the beginning of the article rather than buried in a later sub-section. So I agreed with your assessment that some pertinent links were needed; I merely disagreed with the placement.
* Under other circumstances, I would have added a "cn" to your unsourced statement, but there were enough other issues that it was simpler just to revert. You have since added a source which resolves the issue altogether. All's well that ends well. —Dilidor (talk) 11:24, 10 July 2018 (UTC)
Image issues
For some reason, the portrait of William Ellery is showing up properly for me in preview, but not in the live article (where I see File: wikitext instead of the image). Any clues? -- Beland (talk) 00:52, 25 October 2019 (UTC)
* The same thing happened for me. I fear that I have no technical skills for layout issues, and have no idea why that's happening. Hopefully someone who does have those skills can resolve this. —Dilidor (talk) 11:13, 25 October 2019 (UTC)
* I was able to "fix" it by removing the wikilink around Ellery's name ... but that causes the next image, John Greenwood, to break. Very odd. -Kzirkel (talk) 14:14, 25 October 2019 (UTC)
* I was able to put the link back and it doesn't seem to have broken anything. Perhaps it was a transient issue. -- Beland (talk) 06:16, 10 March 2021 (UTC) | WIKI |
United States and Iraq finalize agreement to have troops out of Iraq by 2011
August 22, 2008 On Friday, an agreement was reached stating that the all of the United States (US) currently stationed in Iraq would be pulled out by 2011. Mohammed al-Haj Hamoud, the deputy foreign minister of Iraq, stated that the deal has to be signed by both the Iraqi and US governments.
The agreement, which has 27 points, states that all US troops will be out of Iraqi cities by June 2009, and that the forces would be out of Iraq entirely by December 31, 2011. Hamoud stated that the 2011 final withdrawal was still somewhat variable. "There is a provision that says the withdrawal could be done even before 2011 or extended beyond 2011 depending on the [security] situation," said Hamoud. In addition, Hamoud said that some US units might stay past the 2011 final withdrawal date to "to train Iraqi security forces." Hamoud stated that "both the parties have agreed on this...The negotiators' job is done. Now it is up to the leaders." The agreement, according to US Condoleezza Rice who arrived in Iraq on Thursday, is a "very good agreement."
Following Rice's arrival in Iraq,, the Foreign Minister of Iraq, said that "we are very close, we have a text, but not the final agreement. Everything has been addressed."
George W. Bush is reportedly in support of the agreement, according to US and Iraqi officials. The deal just needs the support of Nouri al-Maliki and of the Iraqi government, before it appears before the Council of Representatives of Iraq after they reconvene on September 9.
, a prominent cleric, has been a strong protester of the deal. In the city of on Friday, one of his supporters stated that "the suspicious agreement means eternal bondage. It violates the Iraqi constitution."
Around 147,000 US troops are on the ground in Iraq at this time. The, has been ongoing since March 20, 2003. In the early part of 2007, the US initiated a into Iraq, which sent a additional 5 US brigades into Iraq, as well as extending the stay of 4,000 Marines already stationed there. | WIKI |
Comprehensive Orthodontic vs. Limited Orthodontic Treatment
Orthodontic Treatment East Norriton, PA
Are you ready to take the next step to straighter teeth and a healthy-looking smile? The benefits of orthodontic treatment are many. But it’s important to know that not all orthodontic treatment is equal. Comprehensive orthodontic treatment, also known as “conventional” orthodontic treatment, has been the gold standard. Newer to the market is limited orthodontic treatment or “quick-fix” orthodontics. Let’s take a close look at these two approaches to orthodontics and explain the differences so you can make the best decision for you.
What Are the Differences Between Comprehensive and Limited Orthodontic Treatment?
When looking at comprehensive orthodontic treatment vs. limited orthodontic treatment, they differ in several ways:
Length of Treatment: Typical treatment time is approximately two years for comprehensive treatment. Many limited orthodontic treatments straighten teeth in six months or less.
What the Treatments Address: Comprehensive orthodontics covers the form and function of alignment – straightening your teeth and improving the way they bite together. Limited orthodontics typically addresses only your front six teeth (the “social six”) and does not correct jaw alignment.
Appearance: Limited or comprehensive orthodontics typically use either metal or tooth-colored brackets. However, orthodontists today have newer, more discreet appliances for comprehensive orthodontic care. These include removable clear aligners and even lingual (behind the teeth) orthodontic solutions.
Cost: The length of time and limited scope may be reflected in short-term orthodontic treatment prices. When comparing the costs of different providers and treatments, it’s important to understand the value, results, and what is included. Some comprehensive orthodontic providers may also be more affordable than you think. And often less expensive than many of the limited treatment options.
What Is Best for Me – Comprehensive or Limited Orthodontics?
More often, people need braces and comprehensive orthodontics to correct bite and straighten teeth. Research indicates that at least 70% of people have some form of malocclusion or a misaligned bite. But limited orthodontics certainly has a place. If you’re looking to make a few small corrections to straighten teeth and your bite is good, limited orthodontics can achieve a better cosmetic appearance.
One important caveat – some limited orthodontic providers might promise a level of care and results that may not achieve your best, long-term solution. If you have a misaligned bite, shifting only the front group of teeth may place the bite further off alignment. More extensive treatment could be necessary in the future, which can be costly and time-consuming. So, it’s best to consult with an orthodontist who will provide you with all of the options for your specific goals.
Smile with Confidence
It’s important to be aware of the limitations of quick-fix orthodontic treatment and have realistic expectations of the results it can produce. It’s important to consider all of the options and choose a long-term solution that will correct all of your concerns and issues.
Comprehensive orthodontic care provides a plan to straighten all teeth, correct your bite, and address any oral health issues. At ALTA SMILES locations, we offer a range of options for comprehensive orthodontic treatment. At some locations, a unique limited orthodontic treatment method is offered – C3 Hidden OrthodonticsTM (lingual or “behind the tooth” braces). This method is great for relatively minor corrections that can be accomplished in less time.
ALTA SMILES providers can help you achieve a gorgeous smile with advanced technology that fits your budget and busy life. For a free consultation, contact us today! | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Arkansas Highway 292
Arkansas Highway 292 (AR 292, Hwy. 292) is an east–west state highway in Johnson County. The route runs 3.87 mi from Arkansas Highway 21 east to Highway 123/Highway 164 near Hagarville. The route does not run concurrent with any other state highways.
Route description
The route begins at Highway 21 north of Clarksville at Ludwig and runs due east. After 1 mi, the highway intersects Highway 818 and continues east before ending at Highway 123/Highway 164 near Hagarville. | WIKI |
[cairo] 1.6: a8-mask: Making non-aligned strides illegal
Carl Worth cworth at cworth.org
Mon Jan 28 15:18:31 PST 2008
On Mon, 28 Jan 2008 16:59:05 -0500, Behdad Esfahbod wrote:
> Right. Subsurfacing is only one use case for using a greater width
> value for stride computation than the actual width.
>
> I still prefer at least allowing "any width" for stride.
Yes, it should still be legal to use a smaller width as long as the
stride matches what was allocated and the stride came from
cairo_format_stride_for_width.
I've rewritten the documentation again to clarify it, and this is what
I've come up with:
* @stride: the number of bytes between the start of rows in the
* buffer as allocated. This value should always be computed by
* cairo_format_stride_for_width() before allocating the data
* buffer.
...
* Note that the stride will often be larger than
* width*bytes_per_pixel to provide proper alignment for each
* row. This alignment is required to allow high-performance rendering
* within cairo. The correct way to obtain a legal stride value is to
* call cairo_format_stride_for_width() with the desired format and
* maximum image width value, and the use the resulting stride value
* to allocate the data and to create the image surface. See
* cairo_format_stride_for_width() for example code.
...
* This function always returns a valid pointer, but it will return a
* pointer to a "nil" surface in the case of an error such as out of
* memory or an invalid stride value. You can use
* cairo_surface_status() to check for this.
I think that's the best I'm going to come up with for now, so I'll
just push that. But feel free to tweak it further if you see any ways
to improve it.
> Right. Also, in the patch I'd define a macro and use that instead of
> hardcoding the 32-bit requirement in more than one place.
I can throw in a LEGAL_STRIDE macro for (stride % sizeof (uint32_t) ==
0), but I'm only seeing that in one place
(cairo_image_surface_create_for_data). Am I missing something? It's
actually quite different what we need in
cairo_format_stride_for_width.
Or shall I do the macro and assert that the stride I compute in
stride_for_width satisfies it?
> Sounds fine. I marginally prefer requiring int alignment than any-type
> alignment. But who knows what we'll require in the future...
Right. Documenting things as safer than strictly necessary is a nice
place to be. With that, we still have the freedom to loosen things up
in the future if needed.
-Carl
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The Community for Technology Leaders
Green Image
ABSTRACT
<p><b>Abstract</b>—We present an algorithm for separating the local gradient information and Lambertian color by using 4-source color photometric stereo in the presence of highlights and shadows. We assume that the surface reflectance can be approximated by the sum of a Lambertian and a specular component. The conventional photometric method is generalized for color images. Shadows and highlights in the input images are detected using either spectral or directional cues and excluded from the recovery process, thus giving more reliable estimates of local surface parameters.</p>
INDEX TERMS
Photometric stereo, surface orientation and color recovery, highlights, shadows.
CITATION
Svetlana Barsky, Maria Petrou, "The 4-Source Photometric Stereo Technique for Three-Dimensional Surfaces in the Presence of Highlights and Shadows", IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis & Machine Intelligence, vol. 25, no. , pp. 1239-1252, October 2003, doi:10.1109/TPAMI.2003.1233898
88 ms
(Ver 3.3 (11022016)) | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Difference Between Alzheimer’S Disease And Parkinson Disease
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There are many different types of dementia, with Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease being two of the most common. While there are some similarities between the two, there are also a number of important differences. Understanding these differences is important in order to ensure that people receive the correct diagnosis and treatment.
Alzheimer’s disease is a degenerative neurological condition that primarily affects older adults.
What is Alzheimer’S Disease ?
Alzheimer’s disease is a type of dementia that causes problems with memory, thinking and behavior. Symptoms usually develop slowly and get worse over time, becoming severe enough to interfere with daily tasks. Alzheimer’s is the most common form of dementia, accounting for 60 to 80 percent of all cases.
It is not a normal part of aging.
The cause of Alzheimer’s disease is not yet fully understood, but it is thought to involve a combination of genetic, lifestyle and environmental factors.
There is no one single test that can diagnose Alzheimer’s disease. Instead, doctors look at a person’s medical history and perform tests to assess memory and thinking skills. A diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease may also be made based on changes in brain scans or PET scans.
What is Parkinson Disease?
Parkinson disease is a chronic and progressive movement disorder that affects more than 1 million people in the United States. The cause of Parkinson disease is unknown, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The disease is characterized by tremor, rigidity, slowness of movement, and difficulty with balance. There is no cure for Parkinson disease, but treatments are available to help manage the symptoms.
Main differences between Alzheimer’S Disease and Parkinson Disease
Alzheimer’s disease is a degenerative brain disorder that leads to memory loss, impaired thinking, and changes in mood and behavior. Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurological disorder that affects movement.
While both Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease are degenerative disorders that affect the brain, there are some key differences between the two conditions. Alzheimer’s disease primarily affects the cognitive functions of the brain, while Parkinson’s disease primarily affects movement.
Alzheimer’s disease typically develops slowly and worsens over time, while Parkinson’s disease generally progresses more slowly. Alzheimer’s disease can also lead to changes in mood and behavior, while Parkinson’s disease generally does not. Finally, there is no known cure for Alzheimer’s disease, but there are treatments available that can help manage symptoms.
Similar Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
What is the difference between Alzheimer’s Disease and Parkinson’s Disease?
Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease are two different conditions. Alzheimer’s disease is a type of dementia that causes problems with memory, thinking, and behavior. Parkinson’s disease is a neurological disorder that affects movement.
Alzheimer’s disease is caused by the death of brain cells. This leads to problems with memory, thinking, and behavior. Parkinson’s disease is caused by the loss of nerve cells in the brain that produce a chemical called dopamine. This leads to problems with movement.
There are some similarities between Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, but there are also some key differences. Both conditions can cause problems with memory and thinking. However, only Alzheimer’s disease causes problems with behavior. In addition, only Parkinson’s disease affects movement.
What are the symptoms of Alzheimer’s Disease and Parkinson’s Disease?
What are the symptoms of Alzheimer’s Disease and Parkinson’s Disease?
The two most common neurodegenerative diseases are Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Both diseases share some common features, such as problems with movement and changes in cognitive function. However, there are also some important differences between the two conditions.
Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by a progressive decline in memory and other cognitive functions. People with AD may also experience changes in mood and behavior, as well as problems with movement. PD, on the other hand, is primarily a movement disorder. People with PD may have difficulty walking, tremors, and rigidity. PD can also cause cognitive problems, but to a lesser extent than AD.
There is no single test that can diagnose AD or PD.
What is the cause of Alzheimer’s Disease and Parkinson’s Disease?
Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease are both degenerative neurological disorders that cause impairments in cognitive function and movement, respectively. Although they share some similarities, there are also important differences between the two conditions.
The cause of Alzheimer’s disease is not fully understood, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Parkinson’s disease, on the other hand, is caused by the death of nerve cells in the brain that produce a chemical called dopamine.
While there is no cure for either Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s disease, there are treatments available that can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.
What is the difference between Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease?
There are many similarities between Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, as both are degenerative neurological disorders that primarily affect older adults. However, there are also several important differences between the two conditions.
Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by a gradual decline in cognitive abilities, including memory, language, and problem-solving skills. Parkinson’s disease, on the other hand, is primarily a movement disorder, causing symptoms such as tremor, rigidity, and difficulty with balance and coordination.
Although both Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s can lead to dementia, they are not the same condition. Dementia is a general term used to describe a decline in cognitive abilities severe enough to interfere with daily life.
What are the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease?
There are many symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease, but the most common are memory loss and confusion. These symptoms can make it hard to perform everyday tasks, and can be a major source of stress for caregivers. Other common symptoms include agitation, mood swings, and difficulty speaking. In the later stages of the disease, patients may experience hallucinations and delusions.
Alzheimer’s disease is often confused with Parkinson’s disease, but there are some key differences between the two conditions. Alzheimer’s disease typically affects older adults, while Parkinson’s disease can occur at any age. Parkinson’s disease is also characterized by tremors and difficulty with movement, whereas Alzheimer’s disease does not typically cause these symptoms.
What are the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease?
As people age, it’s not uncommon for them to experience changes in their brain function. However, when these changes start to interfere with daily life, it may be a sign of a more serious condition, such as Alzheimer’s disease or Parkinson’s disease. While both Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease are degenerative neurological disorders, there are some key differences between the two.
One of the most noticeable symptoms of Parkinson’s disease is a tremor, or uncontrollable shaking, in one or both hands. This tremor is often most apparent when the hand is at rest. Other common symptoms include rigidity, or stiffness, in the limbs and trunk; slowness of movement; and impaired balance and coordination. People with Parkinson’s may also have difficulty speaking clearly and may experience constipation.
In conclusion,there are several key differences between Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by memory loss and cognitive decline, while Parkinson’s disease is characterized by motor dysfunction. Alzheimer’s disease progresses slowly and can be difficult to diagnose, while Parkinson’s disease progresses more quickly and is easier to diagnose. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Brazil's services drop in April, with record layoffs: PMI
BRASILIA, (Reuters) - Activity in Brazil’s services sector fell sharply in April and led firms to shed jobs at a record pace, a private survey showed on Wednesday, suggesting the economy took another turn lower as the political crisis escalated. The Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) for Brazilian services BRPMIS=ECI compiled by research firm Markit fell on a seasonally adjusted basis to 37.4 in April from 38.6 in March. The 50 mark of the index separates contraction from expansion. The ongoing contraction in services, along with another sharp drop among manufacturers, dragged Markit’s Composite Index BRPMCP=ECI to the lowest in the nine-year history of the survey, at 39.0 in April, from 40.8 in March. “Firms shed jobs at record rates as part of efforts to cut costs and stay in business. Higher unemployment is likely to further aggravate domestic demand in coming months,” Markit economist Pollyana de Lima said. The Lower House of Brazil’s Congress voted in mid-April to impeach President Dilma Rousseff for allegedly breaking budget laws. However, her immediate replacement while she awaits trial, Vice-President Michel Temer, is not expected to take office until May 12, leaving public administration virtually paralyzed. The decline in manufacturing and services activity suggested by the PMI indexes throws cold water on hopes that Brazil’s deep recession could be nearing a bottom. Industrial output grew in March at the fastest pace in more than two years, and business and consumer confidence measures had stabilized. “Looking ahead, economic prospects remain bleak when so much uncertainty abounds in the market.” Reporting by Silvio Cascione, Editing by Chizu Nomiyama | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Trump presidency would be a ‘nightmare,’ says Joseph Stiglitz
Donald Trump would be a "nightmare" as U.S. president, making relations with other countries "extraordinarily difficult" and placing the U.S. economy in jeopardy, Joseph Stiglitz told CNBC, adding that the Republican candidate had "no deep understanding of economics other than knowing how to go bankrupt." "We can only hope he won't bankrupt the country," Stiglitz, a Nobel-prizewinning economist, told CNBC. Trump, a billionaire businessman, has filed for at least four bankruptcies, with NBC News putting the figure at six. He will contest Democrat candidate, Hillary Clinton, in the November U.S. presidential election. Trump has previously said he would renegotiate the U.S. national debt as president, although he has since backtracked on this. "That is… something that it is almost unimaginable that any leader would say … That is not the way capital markets will work," Stiglitz told CNBC. He said a Trump presidency would pose serious problems for U.S. foreign relations, highlighting the Republican's promise to build a wall across the border with Mexico to keep illegal immigrants out. "I think it will be extraordinarily difficult for our relations with other countries, for our economic relations with other countries, for our foreign policy relationships. You know, (talking about) building that wall between Mexico and the United States has built a wall between the United States and Latin America. It has done more damage already than one could imagine," Stiglitz told CNBC. Trump met with Mexican President Enrique Pena Nieto on Wednesday. In a subsequent speech in Mexico City, Trump reiterated his plan to build a wall on the border with Mexico, but said he and Nieto and not discussed who would pay for it. In a later speech in Arizona on Wednesday, Trump announced that Mexico would "100 percent " pay for the wall, but "don't know it yet." President Nieto subsequently tweeted that he had made it clear to Trump that Mexico would not be paying for the wall's construction. Stiglitz told CNBC that Trump appealed to voters who had not felt the benefit of U.S. economic growth over the last 25 years. "Part of the support for Donald Trump comes because we have left large fractions of the population behind. In fact, if you look at the numbers, roughly the bottom 90 percent has had a stagnant income over the last quarter of a century and we have been trying to understand why that has been. And it's partly been because, I think, we have not paid attention to the issue," Stiglitz told CNBC. Sticking to his sleep analogy, Stiglitz said he was "not having that many sleepless nights," because Trump was unlikely to win the presidency. "Fortunately the probability of that nightmare coming through is small and I hope it is getting smaller by the day," Stiglitz told CNBC. NBC News said on Tuesday that Clinton's lead over Trump had narrowed to six points from eight points in its weekly poll. Clinton now enjoys the support of 48 percent of voters, while Trump has 42 percent backing, according to NBC News. Stiglitz is a professor at Columbia University and was previously adviser to former U.S. President Bill Clinton and chief economist at the World Bank. Stiglitz also told CNBC that the European Commission's ruling that Apple should pay Ireland billion in back taxes was a "fair warning " to companies that were "dishonest " and tried to evade taxation. Follow CNBC International on and Facebook. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
User:Ickyflush
This is my page. I don't know where I thought up ickyflush but it just sounds neat I guess. If you can guess what my password is then you deserve to hack into this account and change everything I've written here. | WIKI |
Eternal Return (Windhand album)
Eternal Return is the fourth studio album by doom metal band Windhand. It was released on 5 October 2018 by Relapse Records. The album was produced by Jack Endino and is the band's first without founding guitarist Asechiah Bogdan.
Critical reception
The album has received generally favorable reviews. Pitchfork noted the band's new sense of experimentation with grunge and psychedelic sounds and a compelling performance by singer Dorthia Cottrell, adding that "Cottrell’s often been great on Windhand’s quiet songs, but she’s never sounded like such a convincing rock bandleader." Metal Injection noted that the band has finally found its own style, saying "Windhand returns (eternally) to lift the fog, clear the mist, and define their own obscurities through a fantastic album that properly carves out their identity." The Obelisk also noticed the grunge influence, stating "Windhand aren’t simply donning a flannel and tucking their jeans into their Doc Martens — they’re taking the influence of grunge and working it into their own sonic context, just as they’ve always done with their influences," while Spectrum Culture also noted new strength in Cottrell's vocals.
Personnel
* Dorthia Cottrell – vocals
* Garrett Morris – guitar
* Parker Chandler – bass
* Ryan Wolfe – drums | WIKI |
Talk:List of Case Closed characters
Grammar
It seems likely to me that this needs more grammatical edits than average. I'm going to be trying to take them all out, so if I accidentally change information from what you think is true, then change it back. But please, try to use proper English, as the alternative is sloppy. Devon.underwood (talk) 17:48, 18 December 2008 (UTC)
* I agree. I have also rewritten some articles though I have not been adding references. An issue that has come up is the changing of tenses. I believe wiki states it should be written in present tense (see in-universe). The muddling of tenses just makes a mess. Also, I will from now on start adding references when possible while editing. Copse (talk) 13:19, 25 November 2009 (UTC)
* This page hasn't been cleaned up that's why. If I have alot of spare time, I could finish reffing and rewriting to the level equal to List of characters in Tales of Symphonia. DragonZero (talk · contribs) 22:37, 25 November 2009 (UTC)
* Done, linked, 150 references, Minor Reception created. DragonZero (talk · contribs) 04:37, 31 January 2010 (UTC)
I've corrected some grammar mistakes in Jimmy kudo's information.[Errors Corrected {Original}:(He is also openly in love his childhood friend,) (He is also openly in love his childhood friend, Rachel Moore but cannot reveal his feelings to her his current condition.)] —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 11:09, 24 July 2010 (UTC)
Engrish indeed - there should be japanese name first, english as second. It has reasons: 1. Japanese names are original ones, and are used nearly everywhere except USA. 2. English wiki serves as Internation source, becouse it is largest and English is international language these days. To point: To any other who did not saw these US rubbish version and knows only original names, this english names are really, really confusing. So PLEASE, end finally this naming nonsense and allow me or anyone else change this article to proper international standard. Robin_WH 17.9.2010 0:25CET
"Sigh" I don't make the rules. See Manual of Style (anime- and manga-related articles). If you want to attempt and change the guide lines, go try it here. Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Anime and manga. DragonZero (talk · contribs) 00:53, 17 September 2010 (UTC)
Kaitou Kid
Hmmm..... The information on this character seems to be off. I have read the entire manga up-to-date and thus far there is absolutely NO indication that Kaitou Kid has discovered that Conan Edogawa is actually Shin'ichi (Jimmy). While it is true that he knows that Conan is a detective (and a very capable one at that) and that he knows that Conan is the one solving all the cases when he is around, I do not think that this warrants the comment that "Curiously, Kaitou discovers Conan's true identity, but keeps his secret..." If anything, it is a question of whether Conan can now figure out Kaitou's true identity now that he has knocked the monocle off of Kaitou's face (632, Instant Movement). Also, someone might think of adding in the fact that Conan recently found out that his dad also went one on one with and thus also tried to capture the original Kaitou Kid (572, Broad Daylight). SayerSong (talk) 20:33, 22 October 2008 (UTC)
* Have you read up to what's been legally released in America, or in Japan? Japan is very far head of American releases so it's possible Kid learns his idenity in the future. I've read up to what's been released in America leggally, and all the episodes Funimation released is far, and he has not learned who Conan is. If you read all of what's been released in Japan, and that info is incorrect feel free to change it and make corrections. - Prede (talk) 20:36, 22 October 2008 (UTC)
I believe that it is up to what has been released in Japan, as I have been reading it online and a new chapter comes up every week after it is translated. I found that he made the discovery in the anime, so if it is alright with you I will just make note of that. Thanks! SayerSong (talk) 21:25, 22 October 2008 (UTC)
* Even up to the latest manga releases (I got it legally, no less), if we go by manga, Kid did not know Conan's identity.-- Samuel di Curtisi di Salvadori 02:38, 23 October 2008 (UTC)
* Backing up the above, in the manga and anime (as of 21st March 2012) Kaitou Kid does not know Conan's identity. The only media he does know in is the movies, where he helps to cover up for Conan by disguising as... Jimmy (nearly wrote Shinichi there :/). Movie 3, in case anyone else wants to check. Though people should probably keep in mind that the manga is canon above the movies and anime so officially Kaitou Kid doesn't know Conan's identity :). — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:17, 21 March 2012 (UTC)
Name Boxes
I believe some boxes such as Jimmy Kudo or Conan Edogawa may be removed as their Kanji, English, and Japanese names are already in the text.DragonZero (talk) 19:44, 2 November 2008 (UTC)
* Is there really any need to have the name boxes for characters who have their own pages, anyways? It just seems like needless clutter to me.kuwabaratheman (talk) 19:45, 2 November 2008 (UTC)
* I'll start putting nihingo's on the names and removing the boxes then. If anyone has a problem with this revert it.DragonZero (talk) 23:00, 2 November 2008 (UTC)
Current projects for this page
* Setting the characters to the formats of The Kudo Family, The moore Family, and the Junior Detective league.
* Creating a page for the Junior Detective League and merging Character articles in there.
I would like some assistance with those.DragonZero (talk) 08:27, 3 November 2008 (UTC)
* I'm not seeing any reason for creating a page for the Junior Detective League at this time. Why do you feel they should have individual articles? The main project for this page should be cleaning it up, cutting down the excessive plot, dealing with the in-universe info, adding the much needed referencing, doing character merges to merge in those without real-world notability and trying to improve the overall quality. List of Naruto characters should be the guiding example for this work. -- AnmaFinotera (talk · contribs) 04:07, 7 November 2008 (UTC)
* I guess that ideal will be dropped.DragonZero (talk) 04:09, 7 November 2008 (UTC)
Character Merges
Per a request for a neutral editor to make this suggestion, I am tagging multiple character articles for merge here as it is felt that they fail all relevant notability guidelines for having their own articles: WP:N, WP:PLOT, and WP:WAF. They are believed to have no significant coverage in reliable, third-party sources and are incapable of reaching GA status. As such, it is felt that they should be merged. I've created individual sections below for each character. Please leave your views in each. -- AnmaFinotera (talk · contribs) 03:57, 7 November 2008 (UTC)
Shuichi Akai
* Tentative oppose: There's a lot of information that can be given on the character, although third party sources could possess a problem, especially since I don't believe the English releases have reached his first appearance yet. But given his large role, I would vote in favor of trying to clean up the article and revisit this in a month or two if we can't improve it significantly.kuwabaratheman (talk) 05:09, 7 November 2008 (UTC)
Amy Yeager
* Support: The Detective Boys are more notable as a group than an individual, and despite their frequent appearances, they don't really do that much in the series.
Eisuke Hondou
* Support: Important character, but only around in the series for a comparatively short amount of time. No real chance of making a good article about him at this point.kuwabaratheman (talk) 05:09, 7 November 2008 (UTC)
George Kaminski
* Support: Same reasons as with Ayumi.
James Black (Case Closed)
* Support: Nowhere near as notable as Akai or Jodie when it comes to the FBI agents.kuwabaratheman (talk) 05:09, 7 November 2008 (UTC)
Rena Mizunashi
* Support: Similar logic to Eisuke. She doesn't even really need her own article, even before we consider third party sources.kuwabaratheman (talk) 05:09, 7 November 2008 (UTC)
Mitch Tennison
* Support: Support, same reasons as with Ayumi and Genta.kuwabaratheman (talk) 05:09, 7 November 2008 (UTC)
Akemi Miyano
* Merge to Black Organization (Case Closed), which is her logical home.kuwabaratheman (talk) 05:09, 7 November 2008 (UTC)
General
* Support or Merge all: "They [...] have no significant coverage in reliable, third-party sources and are incapable of reaching GA status." That may change someday, but right now, these articles are nothing but paraphrased plot summaries. -- Goodraise (talk) 06:16, 7 November 2008 (UTC)
Comment I'll be working on the detecitve kids page soon, so please don't delete the information yet. I might have time this week or next.DragonZero (talk) 04:02, 7 November 2008 (UTC)
* This isn't a deletion discussion, it is a merge discussion. If there is consensus and support for splitting out the Detective Kids, the information can still be found in the old version of the article. -- AnmaFinotera (talk · contribs) 04:09, 7 November 2008 (UTC)
Naming for picture
Can someone make a caption of the names of the characters for the pictures?DragonZero (talk) 00:26, 12 November 2008 (UTC)
Black Organization Names
Gin, Vodka, Vermouth, etc. Have non-wine names in the Viz manga. I do not remember what they are, though. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:31, 11 December 2008 (UTC)
Naming
We need to figure out some kind of convention for naming these characters, and for /all/ of the related pages. Are we going to call them by their English names or Japanese ones? Since these are the English articles, my vote is for the English manga names (Jimmy Kudo, Rachel Moore, Harley Hartwell, etc.). It's confusing for both editors and readers to be switching back and forth in between names.
Side note: In the English manga, Kazuha Toyama is still called the same thing, so where do "Kirsten Thomas" and "Katrina Tolliver" come from? Are they from the anime/movies? If they are, then what are we going with here? Again, my vote is for the English manga names, so that means Kazuha Toyama, and Hiroshi Agasa instead of Hershel Agasa.
Another note: Are we going to call Jimmy his original name, or are we going to call him Conan? Same thing with Anita Hailey/Shiho Miyano: What are we going to call her? (Her real name is the same in the English manga, I think.) Clem (talk) 08:03, 21 July 2009 (UTC)
* Kirsten Thomas is the anime naming. On the other hand, this Japanese/English name flip/flop is the result of a very longstanding naming dispute (see Talk:Case Closed), and even up to this day many people still disapproval of the conventions used here.-- Samuel di Curtisi di Salvadori 15:00, 21 July 2009 (UTC)
* Yeah, I kind of guessed that this would be an old, old issue that I dredged up, again. But seriously, it's not a problem of them being called by their Japanese names, it's how I can be reading the section on Amy Yeager or whoever and then come up with both "Amy" and "Ayumi" in the same sentence or something. We should at least be able to decide on one name for each character instead of confusing everyone. And about Kazuha: Okay, but where does Katrina Tolliver come from? The movies? Clem (talk) 20:49, 21 July 2009 (UTC)
* There are no dispute about a general policy of using the names used in the US, but we have not discussed about names that are different between manga and anime. That said, Anita Hailey can be used as it's used in the manga. As for the girlfriend of Harley Hartwell, I consider any English names for her to be of a single incidence. and should use whatever manga used.-- Samuel di Curtisi di Salvadori
* The Amy and Ayumi part your talking about, must've been some IP edit changing the English names to the Japanese ones. It happens often. DragonZero (talk) 22:11, 21 July 2009 (UTC)
* Haha, don't make me laugh. Kazuha is Harley's childhood friend who has nothing to do with him. *cough* Anyways, all joking aside, is it decided? We introduce all of their names at the beginning of the article and then refer to them using their English manga names? Or is this another part of some longstanding dispute? Clem (talk) 18:56, 22 July 2009 (UTC)
Okay, this is what I would like to propose as a naming convention for Case Closed and all related pages: Thanks, Clem (talk) 00:17, 23 July 2009 (UTC)
* We introduce all the characters with both their English manga and Japanese names, the way it already is for most of them:
* Jimmy Kudo, known as Shinichi Kudo (工藤 新一, Kudo Shinichi?) in Japan...
* We refer to them after the introduction and in other peoples' bios with their real English manga names.
* This means we use Shiho Miyano, Jimmy Kudo, and Kazuha Toyama as opposed to any other names they have.
* This also means that the Detective League is referred to with their English first names and original Japanese last names, as they are introduced in the manga.
* This also means that it must be mentioned that Gin and Vodka were originally called Melkior and Kaspar in the manga, and that that later changed.
* Well yes I agree it should go with the English manga names since they are closer to the Japanese original versions, but Melkior and Kasper is strange. They are more known as Gin and Vodka due to the original version so I'm only unsure about those characters.DragonZero (talk) 00:55, 23 July 2009 (UTC)
* I know. Up until I think the...4th or 5th book they are called Melkior and Kaspar. And then all of a sudden Gosho Aoyama starts calling them Gin and Vodka. It seems like we should call them Gin and Vodka, since that's what they're called after book 4 or 5 of the manga, but it should be mentioned that they were called Melkior and Kaspar at first. Clem (talk) 03:14, 23 July 2009 (UTC)
* Well in chapter 33 of the original Japanese version, they were still called Gin and Vodka though. And I"m assuming that they changed the names back to Gin and Vodka in the manga version, so yeah, that ideal sounds about right. DragonZero (talk) 03:34, 23 July 2009 (UTC)
* I guess we'll just have to leave this issue open to comment for a few days and see if anyone else agrees/objects to the naming convention I proposed earlier. Or do we do it another way? *confused* Clem (talk) 19:51, 23 July 2009 (UTC)
* Just do it your way, but Gin and Vodka should stay Gin and Vodka since they are called Gin and Vodka in the original Japanese version and from the sounds of it, the English manga is transitioning to the names Gin and Vodka also. Was the list above all the characters with contradicting names from the English anime and manga releases? DragonZero (talk) 20:23, 23 July 2009 (UTC)
* The only ones that are inaccurate according to the English manga as far as I know are Hershel Agasa, Kirsten Thomas, and everyone in the Detective League. They should be changed to Hiroshi Agasa, Kazuha Toyama, Amy Yoshida, Mitch Tsuburaya, and George Kojima. Clem (talk) 01:14, 25 July 2009 (UTC)
* Kichiro Numabuchi and Sumiko Kobayashi also keep their names in the Viz graphic novels. You folks should probably get AnmaFinotera in on this discussion before doing a lot of work, though. As long as Funimation keeps releasing new stuff, which English adaptation is the "real" Detective Conan Case Closed isn't clear at all. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:12, 26 July 2009 (UTC)
* My opinion on these names are:
* Keep Kazuha for now. The currently known Funi licenses would only allow her to appear for 1 episode and 1 movie, less than what Viz has already published. Otherwise... I don't know, but my market research in Iowa City, Iowa would mean the Viz naming would fit in the current guidelines better, as the manga is more available here than the anime.-- Samuel di Curtisi di Salvadori 20:31, 26 July 2009 (UTC)
* AnmaFinotera replied very promptly: as manga is the primary work, use that name.-- Samuel di Curtisi di Salvadori 20:33, 26 July 2009 (UTC)
Okay, I'm starting an unindented comment because in my opinion, 9 colons is a tad much. I just went and renamed Kirsten Thomas to Kazuha Toyama, and I have question: Where does Katrina Tolliver come from? Is it another name from the anime or is it from the movie or whatever? Also, someone added to the Detective League section the English manga character names, but are we going to rename the sections to put in the Japanese last names, or are we keeping the anime names? Clem (talk) 18:29, 27 July 2009 (UTC)
* Katrina Tolliver comes from the Wii game that was released in Europe recently. Hopefully it is released in North America as well. So, oddly enough, Kazuha is used in the manga, Kirsten in the anime, and Katrina in the english video game. o.O Carpet Crawler message me 22:48, 27 July 2009 (UTC)
* Okay...0_o And about Harry Wilder - I forgot what his name is in the English manga. It says there that Takagi is his first name in the English manga but does not list his full name. Either way, we should rename it to whatever he is called in the English manga. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Clem cowsie (talk • contribs) 21:28, 29 July 2009 (UTC)
* Takagi is supposed to be his family name, not his given name. WhisperToMe (talk) 20:00, 3 August 2009 (UTC)
* I'm pretty sure they changed his name's order in the English manga from the original Japanese version. DragonZero (talk) 20:15, 3 August 2009 (UTC)
I know it's been awhile.. I still don't know if this series will ever come to South Asia (India, Pakistan, Nepal, and Bangladesh) in the English language. If it did and it used the Japanese names, I would put up an RFC for changing to Japanese names on the grounds of neutrality between English-speaking regions. Even though the countries which have English as a native language all use Jimmy/Rachel/etc, IMO we should also consider those with English as a second language that have official translations. Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, and the Philippines are English-speaking regions with an official translation using Japanese names. I wouldn't file an RFC on that alone; I think the large population of South Asia is what would push me into doing so; even if relatively few of the people there are great at English, the absolute size of the English-speaking population would tip the scales. IMO it all hangs on South Asia. WhisperToMe (talk) 13:11, 7 May 2018 (UTC)
* BTW it seems like VIZ does legally import some comics into India but as of 2014 they're only the Shueisha titles, not the Shogakukan ones. It'll depend on which company gets to import Shogakukan series into India. WhisperToMe (talk) 13:17, 7 May 2018 (UTC)
* Also this article says VIZ has official distribution rights in South Africa, although I don't know if Shogakukan titles are included. WhisperToMe (talk) 13:22, 7 May 2018 (UTC)
Merge 2
To anyone interested, I will be merging Rachel Moore, Richard Moore (Case Closed), and Shiho Miyano unless some reliable source with their notability is found. Just post the sources here and I can get to work. DragonZero (talk · contribs) 23:22, 8 January 2010 (UTC)
Could you use http://www.detectiveconanworld.com/wiki/ as a source because it has all the refernce of the character. Pukascape (talk) 18:39, 19 January 2010 (UTC)
* No. They are not considered reliable because its user edited and does not pass Notability. DragonZero (talk · contribs) 23:11, 19 January 2010 (UTC)
Un-Merge
Whoever merged this didn't think about what they were taught at Primary School because this page is lacking pictures and it goes on like a boring article which you will find old reference books. Also this page only have key facts and some facts which doesn't always need reference but everyone will know about it are not on here! I'm sure that all of us who uses wiki would want the old case closed back and how back you bring it back for now and then you can collect information on the characters, once you have enough information you can add it on. Then it will be "The Best of Both Worlds!" Chingster (talk) 18:18, 22 January 2010 (UTC)
* Too bad the one who merged it is a high school student who knows what an encyclopedia looks like. Unless the characters can pass Notability, it won't be unmerged. Look at List of Naruto characters. DragonZero (talk · contribs) 18:58, 22 January 2010 (UTC)
* Also, I did give fair warning that if notabilities were not established on the certain characters, they would be merged. The notice was up for two weeks on the character articles. The character articles had no ref, were mostly plot related and full of trivia information. DragonZero (talk · contribs) 19:07, 22 January 2010 (UTC)
* i agree with Chingster and if u look carefully most of the characters of naruto has their own full article so pictures or more facts of the charecters in List of Naruto characters is not needed as they are already present in the main article page of each indiviual character like Shikamaru Nara & Orochimaru (Naruto) and the characters who dont hav their own article they hav all the needed facts written in List of Naruto characters like in Tsunade, Iruka and Hinata's small article at List of Naruto characters so in Case Closed's Character page their should be more facts about the characters present and it should be a little more illustrated since the characters own page cant be made back unlese theres some sources supporting the article <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:50, 23 January 2010 (UTC)
* This is not a vote. Its cause the characters have references that link them to the outside world. "Creation and conception" and "Reception". DragonZero (talk · contribs) 20:40, 23 January 2010 (UTC)
* Why are you so arrogant? to be honest if you look at the article List_of_Zatch_Bell!_characters you only got 11 reference to about 25 characters (2 characters per link) and you still expect genuine facts from it! Then why can't Case Closed Characters have the information which was on their old page then? Surely that the facts are more reliably than your 2 characters per link isn't it? So stop being a hypocrite, okay? Just bring the information and pictures back. Pukascape (talk) 17:48, 27 January 2010 (UTC)
* If you look at the Zatch Bell Characters, which I haven't even cleaned, you'd see its a poor example and that only one character has its own article. What I'm doing perfectly follows the wiki guidelines. If you have a problem with my edits, go to Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Anime and manga and discuss it there. Why did you choose such a horrid page to exemplify anyways. Its so full of trivia information. DragonZero (talk · contribs) 19:55, 27 January 2010 (UTC)
Dragonzero is right, unless a character has enough independent coverage from reliable sources (such as reviews) there isn't enough material to justify a stand-alone article. It's not arrogance, its just how it is. We don't make an encyclopedia out of plot summaries. -- Kraftlos (Talk | Contrib) 23:48, 2 February 2010 (UTC)
Recommendations to get article up to B-class
* Character names should not be bold (esp here) It is distracting (see 1, 2, 3, 4). You would be surprised how the look & feel of the article improves if all instances of ''' is removed.
* There are too many minor characters, and most of them may not have enough content to justify a separate section. If they need to be listed, please consider one of the following suggestions:
* Convert come of them (i.e. Junior Detective League, Tokyo Metropolitan Police, FBI, CIA) to bullet lists and add more information about the group itself (example: List_of_Bobobo-bo_Bo-bobo_characters). Recommended layout:
* Protagonists = 3
* Antagonists = 1 (Black organisation, bullets for characters) + Other regulars (if any?)
* Supporting "characters" = 4 (FBI, CIA, JDL, TMP, with bullets under each) + Other regulars)
* Other (everyone else—maybe even in a bullet list as it seems that there is very little content for most of them).
* Alternatively, convert some of the characters to prose that summarizes the group and its members, for example, List_of_GetBackers_characters. (Recommended layout may also work here.)
* I would also recommend adding the more "regular" characters to a "supporting characters" section instead of "other". Never put the most content/characters/anything under "other" (Protagonists = 3, Antagonists = 9, Other characters (L2 heading) = 4 + 5 + 4 + 3 + 20 (Other, L3 heading) = 36 = almost 2/3 of characters are listed under "other"
* Reception is still very short (see 1, 2, 3).
* Not sure whether "merchandise" section is needed. Expand, remove or move to reception with and add sales information?
G.A.S talk 05:36, 11 February 2010 (UTC)
* Thanks. I'll get to it when I have spare time. DragonZero (talk · contribs) 05:40, 11 February 2010 (UTC)
* Actually I'll just stick to the Naruto or Bleach character list formats, even if this article does not reach B class. DragonZero (talk · contribs) 07:58, 11 February 2010 (UTC)
* That should be fine if the content is executed properly. -- Kraftlos (Talk | Contrib) 19:18, 11 February 2010 (UTC)
Yamato and Uehara
How are Yamato and Uehara more prominent than the Yokomizo twins? The Yokomizo twins have appeared in many manga and anime cases as the head Inspector, as compared to Uehara and Yamato, who have only appeared in two cases total. Also, how is Reiko Kujo more notable for this article than Chiba? Reiko has only appeared in three cases, none of them from the manga, while Chiba has appeared in a lot of cases, manga and anime, and was even the main detective in a few episodes. Who decided on who was more prominent? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 06:26, 12 April 2010 (UTC)
* Yokomizo twins have amazingly low impact in the story. Unlike Uehara and Yamato, the plot does not expect the viewers to know who the Yokomizo twins are. The episode summaries do not need to be linked to such un-notable characters. See List of Case Closed episodes (season 18). Reiko Kujo on the other hand can be removed upon debate. Chiba on the other, is only notable in the episode where he was a witness as an alibi to a murderer. DragonZero (talk · contribs) 07:10, 12 April 2010 (UTC)
Euhara or Uehara ??
As I know, in the anime (I watch the fansub) and manga (I read the scanlation), it says "Uehara"... Thx... Kenrick Talk 15:02, 27 April 2010 (UTC)
* Both and neither. Since their names are Japanese, they is, to my knowledge, no official romaji for them yet. DragonZero (talk · contribs) 23:22, 27 April 2010 (UTC)
* Linguistically speaking, it could NOT ever be Euhara... That's not actually a name, and isn't pronounced in the same way at all. "Official" romaji is all very well for series where the characters are given outlandish fantasy names that could be spelled a thousand different ways, but in "Detective Conan", people have names that really exist. "Uehara" is written as 上原. Now, I'll try to replicate that by typing "Euhara". え右原、え鵜原、え宇原、In the end, there are six different possibilities, none of which match Uehara's name. So we can conclude that Euhara is just a horrible mistake. Soul Of Dawn (talk) 12:00, 26 May 2011 (UTC)
、
Kaito Kuroba
Since all the main characters and Antagonist are merged into the article why isint Kaito Kuroba's page merged to it,his page also lacks references so i would suggest to either cite the page or merge it and if it it is merged into the article then out of all Case Closed series characters only Jimmy Kudo's article will be left so its better to find reliable sources and if the main antagonist Gin & Vodka would have more info on them and also if there is sources found for Gin,it would b nice if the article on him could be recreated since vodka doesnt act much in the series its not important to recreate the article on him. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 06:17, 17 January 2010 (UTC)
* Notability, any characters that pass notability can have its own articles. So Gin won't be recreated, but I'm leaving Kaito un-merged for now since I think I can find notability for him somewhere. DragonZero (talk · contribs) 06:24, 17 January 2010 (UTC)
* I see no reliable references on the article Kaito Kuroba,its been more than 3 months and no references has been added to the article so i guess Kaito Kuroba should also be merged to List of Case Closed characters as it doesn't pass Notability.<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:23, 28 April 2010 (UTC)
He'll most likely be merged to his series, Magic Kaito. I'm still neutral for the merge since I still think there's notability somewhere. DragonZero (talk · contribs) 20:45, 28 April 2010 (UTC)
* He is the character of both Kid The Phantom Thief(Magic Kaito) And Case Closed and maybe in coming days as the new series started notabilty may be found somewhere
<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 07:44, 29 April 2010 (UTC)
no mention of chiba?
uh why is there no mention of Chiba at all, when he is a fairly commonly shown character? --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:13, 11 June 2010 (UTC)
* Because he's one of the more minor characters. He doesn't even appear in the openings anymore. DragonZero (talk · contribs) 22:29, 11 June 2010 (UTC)
* Due to the recent development, I have added Chiba and Yumi. DragonZero (talk · contribs) 21:12, 14 August 2010 (UTC)
Sera.
Someone saw fit to undo my addtion of Sera to this list. I don't quite understand why... Having appeared in what seem to be three plot-related cases in a row, and that the series' creator himself has stated she will be an important character, she's already had more impact than Kujo Reiko who meets the ultra-high standards of this page. And on an unrelated note, why is almost every occurence of "Gosho" in the References misspelled as "Gasho"? Soul Of Dawn (talk) 11:48, 26 May 2011 (UTC)
* Because in my long strings of edits cleaning the list last year prior I did not read over what I typed. As for Sera, the section Currently, she is spending a lot of time around Conan, but it remains to be seen whether she is a suspicious character. In a recent interview, Aoyama Gosho revealed she is the sister of a main character, and that she will have a confrontation with Haibara. ; the first line is speculation and the second violates WP:News since its announcing an upcoming confrontation. I don't see a problem adding her if you wish to add her to the article; though I would not add her onto the article until her tie to the main plot is revealed or she receives a voice actress. As for Reiko, adding her made the episode summaries easier, since the viewers are expected to know who she is already. DragonZero ( Talk · Contribs ) 16:13, 26 May 2011 (UTC)
Also known in Japan
It's funny how names like Rachel Moore is known in Japan by Ran Mouri.. Seriously! She's known as Ran Mouri IN THE ENTIRE WORLD EXCEPT IN THE US!! (even in the US she's know as Ran Mouri, please change to: Ran Mouri, also known in the English Wikipedia by Rachel Moore) can it be changed to "Ran Mouri, also known as Rachel Moore..."? (Same goes for the other characters of course) Kuwaity26 (talk) 04:52, 12 February 2014 (UTC)
* The serious answer. English Wikipedia uses the English localization. We follow Viz's translations. I should probably reword it to something else instead of "in Japan" for better accuracy. On the other note, I sense some bad faith, so I'll answer with "MURICA". DragonZero ( Talk · Contribs ) 07:59, 12 February 2014 (UTC)
tip: Notepad→Find and replace→'known in Japan' to 'known elsewhere' Kuwaity26 (talk) 18:22, 12 February 2014 (UTC)
* Elsewhere would be an inaccurate and imprecise description. I'm going to replace it with "in the original Japanese release" later. DragonZero ( Talk · Contribs ) 07:55, 13 February 2014 (UTC)
* They are also known in Southeast Asia under their English names as the official English versions there are made by a different company. This is noted in the article. The English-speaking countries which get these volumes are Singapore, Malaysia, Philippines, and Brunei (Thailand and Indonesia are also in the distribution zone) WhisperToMe (talk) 13:06, 7 May 2018 (UTC)
* How does the "English localization" rule apply in the case of Sailor Moon? The English localization for the main character is "Serena" but the main usage on the English Wikipedia is the original name, "Tsukino Usagi". Is this a case of rules being applied selectively based on editor preference? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:28, 2 August 2014 (UTC)
* Newer English versions of Sailor Moon follow the Japanese names. WhisperToMe (talk) 13:06, 7 May 2018 (UTC)
* English isn't the primary language in Southeast Asia though. As these names are already listed multiple times in the lead and aliased, this doesn't need to be revisited. AngusWOOF ( bark • sniff ) 13:26, 7 May 2018 (UTC)
* I think English is significant enough to be the "co-official primary language" overall. In Singapore English is the primary language of administration and business (however it's a relatively small country). In the Philippines Tagalog is "national" but English is more or less universally understood and government sites are universally in English. In Brunei both Malay and English are co-official (though it's a really tiny place). Malaysia's a bit trickier since they don't have official English language schools anymore (and there are debates over whether math and science should be taught in English), but English still plays a big role in society. Thailand and Indonesia I would not call English-speaking (even though Thailand has lots of expats).
* I would absolutely group Singapore and the Philippines (and likely group Malaysia too) as major English speaking countries in regards to naming conventions (but this only applies to releases in English and not those in other languages like Tagalog, Malay, or Chinese). Population-wise, though, I don't think it adds up to enough. That's why I'm waiting for India.
* WhisperToMe (talk) 13:42, 7 May 2018 (UTC)
* We probably don't need to wait for India either as how the English publications of the manga and anime are published in India have not influenced how it's already been marketed in the United States and United Kingdom. AngusWOOF ( bark • sniff ) 13:51, 7 May 2018 (UTC)
* The userbase is not only the US and the UK (I am aware the Viz version is also officially distributed in Canada, Ireland, Australia, and New Zealand ). It's meant to be worldwide, but for the sake of naming conventions it would be any English-language release in any territory. More and more Wikimedia users are coming from India in particular as more households get online, and it's something the WMF is trying to address. The growing importance of India is why it's important to see what they do. This article's not only for native English speakers, but also for the second-language speakers who read anime and manga in English.
* In India (as well as other parts of South Asia) English is the most popular Wikipedia edition (this is also the case in the Philippines, Malaysia, and Singapore), and India (along with Pakistan and the Philippines) are among the top 25 contributing countries.
* WhisperToMe (talk) 14:00, 7 May 2018 (UTC)
* That would be true if the manga were already distributed in English there, but given that there's hardly any references to indicate that, the manga version that was claimed by Viz and the US/UK got there first. We might see differences with the future manga and anime releases. AngusWOOF ( bark • sniff ) 15:31, 7 May 2018 (UTC)
* There are definitely unofficial distributions of manga over there, and interestingly it was an impetus for Viz to officially distribute Shueisha manga over there. The question is if there will be an official distributor of Case Closed and other Shogakukan titles and what that company will use. BTW, when I visited Malaysia in summer 2015 I went to a bookstore there at the Petronas Towers Mall (Suria KLCC) in Kuala Lumpur (I think it was Kinokuniya) to see if they sold Detective Conan. They did sell the official Shogakukan Asia volumes, and interestingly the same bookstore had Viz Case Closed volumes too (Malaysia is not in Viz's official distribution area).
* One thing they do in Malaysian bookstores is group books by language, so the Malay books are all together (a lot are focused on developing identities in kids as being Muslim), the Chinese ones are together, and the English ones are together.
* WhisperToMe (talk) 17:20, 7 May 2018 (UTC)
* Sorry, I meant in India when I meant "there". Distribution in Southeast Asia I agree should be considered sooner and has plenty of references. AngusWOOF ( bark • sniff ) 17:58, 7 May 2018 (UTC)
* It's fine! I understood India as "there" - Indeed there are unofficial distributions in India. Publisher's Weekly: "As a result, in the absence of legal Viz titles, a “big” semi-legal gray market—unauthorized importation of Viz manga by some retailers—has grown in India to supply the demand. “Some of our inventory has been brought into the country by retailers, and it gave us a sales history on our top titles, like Naruto, Bleach and One-Piece,” Hamric says."
* WhisperToMe (talk) 18:39, 7 May 2018 (UTC)
* I e-mailed Viz and the company responded, stating that they distribute Case Closed to: United States, Canada, Ireland, and the United Kingdom. WhisperToMe (talk) 22:20, 10 May 2018 (UTC)
Based on https://www.rightstufanime.com/Case-Closed-Episode-One-Blu-ray the new English anime dub for North America uses the Japanese names for the characters. If it's confirmed to be the case, perhaps there could be a reconsideration of the character names (but not the series name) ? EDIT: https://www.cbr.com/detective-conan-cased-closed-too-many-localizations/ confirms the new dub uses the Japanese names WhisperToMe (talk) 17:50, 23 December 2020 (UTC)
* , Viz is still releasing volumes in English with the English names though. AngusW🐶🐶F ( bark • sniff ) 21:09, 23 December 2020 (UTC)
* That is true, and so far the article acknowledges that of the various versions VIZ so far is the most "complete" of them. I believe that the existence of the Shogakukan Asia manga edition (which is essentially the Viz manga with the original names, as per the article) combined with a complete North American dub with the original names (if Bang Zoom! persues this) should tip the scales in my opinion. WhisperToMe (talk) 21:51, 23 December 2020 (UTC)
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Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Case Closed which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 15:17, 18 May 2019 (UTC)
Change default name to japanese name
most of the world use original name not localization one,it's really confusing for everyone outside us. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 13:39, 12 May 2024 (UTC) | WIKI |
Cyber Protect
formerly Acronis Cyber Backup
When it comes to managing data for a 21st century business, IT managers can feel like overworked zookeepers: There's more data to herd on every month, from so many different directions — both physical and, for more than two-thirds of small businesses, virtual. Cloud apps and services, employee smartphones and other devices, laptops and servers — each of those are massive data generators, 24/7. So how can IT pros provide uniform security and protection around all that data? Here are a handful of best practices that can help a growing business keep its growing pile of Big Data safe and sound:
Take Backup Into Your Own Hands
It’s just as important to back up the virtualized side of your business as it is physical servers and disks. But don't assume that your virtualization provider has you covered in case of disaster. Regardless of the virtualization platform you're using, the backup responsibility ultimately falls to you.
Virtualization platforms such as VMware’s vSphere and Microsoft’s Hyper-V employ safeguards such as clustering and redundancy to protect your data from loss. Sure, those measures bolster security and minimize downtime in many cases, but they are not a replacement for a proper backup strategy
The Case for Hypervisor-Aware Backup
The hypervisor is the software or hardware that runs a virtual machine, so it needs to play nicely with your backup service. Select a service that's designed to work with your virtualization platform to ensure backups work efficiently and that no harm's done.
Don’t Leave the Hypervisor Unprotected
It's just not enough to call it quits after finding a backup service that's compatible with your virtualization platform and hypervisors. It must protect the hypervisor as well. Hypervisors, after all, are the brains of your virtual machines, so you need to protect their configurations to reduce downtime and for quick and easy recovery in case something goes awry.
Plan for all Contingencies
No two virtual environments are identical, so it's a safe bet that yours will have idiosyncrasies. Make sure your backup service accommodates them, whether it’s those four physical servers you just can’t eliminate, or a virtual machine with independent or Raw Device Mapping (RDM) disks that can’t be backed up on the hypervisor level. Whatever the complications, you shouldn't have to feel the pain.
Consider Future Needs
By nature, backup solutions are sticky since they store and protect all of the valuable information that matters for your business. You’re not apt to change insurance companies or banks on a whim, nor is it easy to change backup providers — so choose wisely. It must meet immediate business needs, of course, but think long-term as well. Eventually, you may want to switch to a new hypervisor that, say, has better features for your business. It's difficult to predict future needs, so ensure your backup service supports any hypervisor you might consider from VMware, Microsoft, Oracle or any of the other players.
[Image via CanStock]
About Acronis
Acronis is a Swiss company, founded in Singapore. Celebrating two decades of innovation, Acronis has more than 2,000 employees in 45 locations. Acronis Cyber Protect solution is available in 26 languages in over 150 countries and is used by 18,000 service providers to protect over 750,000 businesses. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:Nilanjanpatra/sandbox
Anindya Mukherjee is a Bengali Adventurer from India. He has climbed Zemu Gap from South, Nanda Devi East and Many more Himalayan Peaks. | WIKI |
U.S. slaps preliminary duties on certain Indian steel pipes
WASHINGTON (Reuters) - The U.S. Commerce Department on Wednesday said it would slap preliminary duties on imports of welded stainless pressure pipe from India after finding the goods were being dumped in the U.S. market at below market prices. The preliminary decision came in response to a complaint brought last year by Bristol Metals, a subsidiary of U.S. steel products maker Synalloy Corp; Outokumpu Stainless Pipe, a subsidiary of Finnish firm Outokumpu; and Felker Brothers Corp and Marcegaglia USA. The department said it found the products were being dumped at margins of up to 18.9 percent, and that it would tell U.S. customs officials to collect a 16.9 percent cash deposit as the trade case moves forward. It said would announce its final determination on or about Sept. 17. In a related countervailing duty case, the department in March issued a preliminary finding that imports of the pipe were also being unfairly subsidized. A final Commerce Department determination in that case is expected by July 18. Reporting by Tim Ahmann; Editing by Marguerita Choy | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Talk:Model elimination
Which theorem provers implement model elemination?
The article claims that there are several provers under development which implement modeö elemination. Which are they? I implemented one 30 years ago, but i am not aware of current developements. 2A02:908:1025:ACE0:BAB0:122:18DF:B5D6 (talk) 18:10, 2 October 2023 (UTC) | WIKI |
Magome-Tsumago Trail
The Magome-Tsumago Trail is a trail connecting the post towns of Magome and Tsumago, as the name suggests. It is 8 kilometers long and runs along a section of the Nakasendo (中山道, "center mountain road"), a route that once connected Tokyo and Kyoto during the Edo Period.
Understand
One of the most popular attractions in the Kiso Valley, the Magome-Tsumago trail provides visitors the experience of travelling along the best preserved part of one of the Edo period's most important route, the Nakasendo. The Nakasendo flourished during the Edo Period, as one only had to cross a few rivers, which was unlike The Tokaido Road. Many famous people travelled the route during the Edo Period, most notably Basho. Due to the trail being well maintained, it's a National Historic Site of Japan. The trail is marked in both English and Japanese and also has various rest points and restrooms. The Magome-Tsumago Trail embodies the saying "the journey is more important than the destination", as there are very few stops on the route. The route passes through forests, past rural houses and fields, and should provide travellers with a feeling of old Japan. One could do the route in reverse, but this is not common, as it becomes an uphill journey, and you have to compete with tourists heading the other way.
Prepare
Very little preparation is necessary, and the trail can be easily completed in 2-3 hours, but one thing you may want is a luggage forwarding service so you don't have to bring your baggage on the hike. The main service for this can be found at the and costs ¥500 per item. The trail is gentle and hiking boots are not required except during the winter when the path may be icy. It is very unlikely that one will encounter bears on the route but fearful travellers can purchase bear bells at the tourist information centre. One can also take the bus between the two cities, it takes 20 minutes and costs around ¥700.
Get in
Due to the touristy nature of Magome it is accessible by both bus and train. If coming from Tokyo, there are main two ways to access Magome by train, the nearest train station is Nakatsugawa station where one can take a 25-minute bus to Magome (¥500). The more expensive way is to take the Tokaido Shinkansen to Nagoya and then take the Wide View Shinano to Nakatsugawa station. This costs around ¥13,000 and takes 150-185 minutes depending on the shinkansen's speed. The other main option is to take the Azusa limited express train from Shinjuku Station to Shojiri or Matsumoto and then take the Wide View Shinano to Nakatsugawa. This takes 210 minutes but could be longer due to transfer times however it is cheaper at ¥10,000. Direct highway bus is also operated by JR linking Tokyo and Magome. If coming from most other major cities the most efficient path is through Nagoya, the journey from Nagoya to Nakatsugawa is ¥2,500. The Nakasendo runs through the town and one should follow it out of the city.
Go
Although the old Nakasendo runs through, the routes first stop is the and this is where the post town ends and the rural fields of the Kiso Valley begin. Around the 250 meter mark the route converges onto the main road however this is brief and the trail splits into a walking path 180 meters after. One of the few restaurants on the route can be found 500 meters after the road becomes a walking path. The trail then passes by the, a monument to an Edo travel writer, 300 meters after the monument one can make a small detour to visit the , an old shrine where travellers would stop. After the shrine one enters the prefecture of Nagano where Tsumago is. The half way point of the trail is around here and one can stop at, this traditional tea-house constructed in the Edo Period serves tea and sweets to travellers. The path soon merges with the main road and this lasts 120 meters before there is a right turn back onto a walking trail and it is well marked. There are no major stops for the next kilometer and the next stop is which features the only stone Buddha in the Kiso Valley. , an old inn that serves food traditional to the Kiso Valley could prove a useful rest point to those completing the journey in two days. Just before Tsutamuraya the path converges with the road and they split right after, a soba shop. Then one will cross the Aragari River and pass by before entering the outer areas of Tsumago. It is then a short walk to the.
Stay safe
Due to the touristic nature of this route, the gentleness of the route and the general safety of Japan, this itinerary is incredibly safe, though there are a few concerns one should be aware of. The most notable concern one may have is the fact that some of the route requires one to walk on the side of the road, these portions are short and due to the route's popularity there are large spaces where pedestrians can walk. The path can be slippery during winter and one should wear hiking boots during the winter. Those worried about the trail's safety can take the bus instead.
Go next
If one wants to continue walking the Nakasendo the next post-town is Ochiai and one could continue to Tokyo though the rest of the route lacks the preservation found here and the walk will be mostly on the sides of roads. One can continue exploring Nagano prefecture by taking the train up to Matsumoto, which has a well-preserved castle. One can also head south Nagoya. | WIKI |
跳至主要內容
硬件定时器
大约 7 分钟
HardwareTimer库旨在提供对部分AirMCU硬件定时器功能的访问（如果需要其他功能，可以通过HAL/LL访问它们）。
使用该库假设您对 AirMCU 硬件定时器架构有一些基本了解。首先提醒一下，所有定时器并不等同，也不支持相同的功能。请参阅您的 MCU 的参考手册。
一些例子：
1. TIM6TIM7 没有输出的引脚，这就是为什么在可用时，它们被用于实现 ToneServo
2. 有些定时器有多达 4 个输出通道，其中有 4 个互补通道，而其他定时器则没有互补通道，或者只有 1 或 2 个通道...
每个定时器可以提供多个通道，但是重要的是要理解同一定时器的所有通道共享相同的计数器，因此具有相同的周期/频率。
注意
出于通用性目的，HardwareTimer 库使用所有定时器，如 16 位定时器（即使有些定时器的位数更多）。
API接口
void pause(void); // Pause counter and all output channels
void pauseChannel(uint32_t channel); // Timer is still running but channel (output and interrupt) is disabled
void resume(void); // Resume counter and all output channels
void resumeChannel(uint32_t channel); // Resume only one channel
void setPrescaleFactor(uint32_t prescaler); // set prescaler register (which is factor value - 1)
uint32_t getPrescaleFactor();
void setOverflow(uint32_t val, TimerFormat_t format = TICK_FORMAT); // set AutoReload register depending on format provided
uint32_t getOverflow(TimerFormat_t format = TICK_FORMAT); // return overflow depending on format provided
void setPWM(uint32_t channel, PinName pin, uint32_t frequency, uint32_t dutycycle, callback_function_t PeriodCallback = nullptr, callback_function_t CompareCallback = nullptr); // Set all in one command freq in HZ, Duty in percentage. Including both interrup.
void setPWM(uint32_t channel, uint32_t pin, uint32_t frequency, uint32_t dutycycle, callback_function_t PeriodCallback = nullptr, callback_function_t CompareCallback = nullptr);
void setCount(uint32_t val, TimerFormat_t format = TICK_FORMAT); // set timer counter to value 'val' depending on format provided
uint32_t getCount(TimerFormat_t format = TICK_FORMAT); // return current counter value of timer depending on format provided
void setMode(uint32_t channel, TimerModes_t mode, PinName pin = NC); // Configure timer channel with specified mode on specified pin if available
void setMode(uint32_t channel, TimerModes_t mode, uint32_t pin);
TimerModes_t getMode(uint32_t channel); // Retrieve configured mode
void setPreloadEnable(bool value); // Configure overflow preload enable setting
uint32_t getCaptureCompare(uint32_t channel, TimerCompareFormat_t format = TICK_COMPARE_FORMAT); // return Capture/Compare register value of specified channel depending on format provided
void setCaptureCompare(uint32_t channel, uint32_t compare, TimerCompareFormat_t format = TICK_COMPARE_FORMAT); // set Compare register value of specified channel depending on format provided
void setInterruptPriority(uint32_t preemptPriority, uint32_t subPriority); // set interrupt priority
//Add interrupt to period update
void attachInterrupt(callback_function_t callback); // Attach interrupt callback which will be called upon update event (timer rollover)
void detachInterrupt(); // remove interrupt callback which was attached to update event
bool hasInterrupt(); //returns true if a timer rollover interrupt has already been set
//Add interrupt to capture/compare channel
void attachInterrupt(uint32_t channel, callback_function_t callback); // Attach interrupt callback which will be called upon compare match event of specified channel
void detachInterrupt(uint32_t channel); // remove interrupt callback which was attached to compare match event of specified channel
bool hasInterrupt(uint32_t channel); //returns true if an interrupt has already been set on the channel compare match
void timerHandleDeinit(); // Timer deinitialization
// Refresh() is usefull while timer is running after some registers update
void refresh(void); // Generate update event to force all registers (Autoreload, prescaler, compare) to be taken into account
uint32_t getTimerClkFreq(); // return timer clock frequency in Hz.
static void captureCompareCallback(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim); // Generic Caputre and Compare callback which will call user callback
static void updateCallback(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim); // Generic Update (rollover) callback which will call user callback
// The following function(s) are available for more advanced timer options
TIM_HandleTypeDef *getHandle(); // return the handle address for HAL related configuration
int getChannel(uint32_t channel);
int getLLChannel(uint32_t channel);
int getIT(uint32_t channel);
int getAssociatedChannel(uint32_t channel);
#if defined(TIM_CCER_CC1NE)
bool isComplementaryChannel[TIMER_CHANNELS];
#endif
使用方式
1. HardwareTimer 是一个 C++ 类，要做的第一件事是以 TIM 实例作为参数实例化一个对象。
有些实例由 Servo、Tone 和 SoftSerial 使用（请参阅 TIMER_SERVO、TIMER_TONE 和 TIMER_SERIAL），但仅在使用时使用。只要确保与您自己的使用没有冲突即可。
HardwareTimer *MyTim = new HardwareTimer(TIM3); // TIM3 is MCU hardware peripheral instance, its definition is provided in CMSIS
1. 然后就可以配置通道的模式。
无需配置引脚模式（输出/输入/AlternateFunction），它将由 HardwareTimer 库自动完成。
通道范围[1..4]，但并非所有定时器都支持4个通道。
MyTim->setMode(channel, TIMER_OUTPUT_COMPARE_PWM1, pin);
支持模式有：
typedef enum {
TIMER_DISABLED, // == TIM_OCMODE_TIMING no output, useful for only-interrupt
// Output Compare
TIMER_OUTPUT_COMPARE, // == Obsolete, use TIMER_DISABLED instead. Kept for compatibility reason
TIMER_OUTPUT_COMPARE_ACTIVE, // == TIM_OCMODE_ACTIVE pin is set high when counter == channel compare
TIMER_OUTPUT_COMPARE_INACTIVE, // == TIM_OCMODE_INACTIVE pin is set low when counter == channel compare
TIMER_OUTPUT_COMPARE_TOGGLE, // == TIM_OCMODE_TOGGLE pin toggles when counter == channel compare
TIMER_OUTPUT_COMPARE_PWM1, // == TIM_OCMODE_PWM1 pin high when counter < channel compare, low otherwise
TIMER_OUTPUT_COMPARE_PWM2, // == TIM_OCMODE_PWM2 pin low when counter < channel compare, high otherwise
TIMER_OUTPUT_COMPARE_FORCED_ACTIVE, // == TIM_OCMODE_FORCED_ACTIVE pin always high
TIMER_OUTPUT_COMPARE_FORCED_INACTIVE, // == TIM_OCMODE_FORCED_INACTIVE pin always low
//Input capture
TIMER_INPUT_CAPTURE_RISING, // == TIM_INPUTCHANNELPOLARITY_RISING
TIMER_INPUT_CAPTURE_FALLING, // == TIM_INPUTCHANNELPOLARITY_FALLING
TIMER_INPUT_CAPTURE_BOTHEDGE, // == TIM_INPUTCHANNELPOLARITY_BOTHEDGE
// Used 2 channels for a single pin. One channel in TIM_INPUTCHANNELPOLARITY_RISING another channel in TIM_INPUTCHANNELPOLARITY_FALLING.
// Channels must be used by pair: CH1 with CH2, or CH3 with CH4
// This mode is very useful for Frequency and Dutycycle measurement
TIMER_INPUT_FREQ_DUTY_MEASUREMENT,
TIMER_NOT_USED = 0xFFFF // This must be the last item of this enum
} TimerModes_t;
1. 然后就可以配置PrescalerFactor。定时器时钟将除以该因子（如果定时器时钟为 10Khz，预分频器因子为 2，则定时器将以 5kHz 计数）。
将方法 setOverflowformat == MICROSEC_FORMATformat == HERTZ_FORMAT 一起使用时，预分频器的配置是自动的。
预分频器用于定时器计数器，因此对所有通道都是通用的。
预分频器因子范围：[1..0x10000]（硬件寄存器范围为[0..0xFFFF]）。
MyTim->setPrescaleFactor(8);
1. 然后就可以配置溢出（也称为翻转或更新）。
对于输出，它对应于周期或频率。
对于输入捕获，建议使用最大值：0x10000，以避免在捕获发生之前发生翻转。
将方法 setOverflow 与 format == MICROSEC_FORMAT 或 format == HERTZ_FORMAT 一起使用时，预分频器的配置是自动的。
溢出是所有通道共有的。
溢出范围：[1..0x10000]（硬件寄存器的范围为[0..0xFFFF]）。
MyTim->setOverflow(10000); // Default format is TICK_FORMAT. Rollover will occurs when timer counter counts 10000 ticks (it reach it count from 0 to 9999)
MyTim->setOverflow(10000, TICK_FORMAT);
MyTim->setOverflow(10000, MICROSEC_FORMAT); // 10000 microseconds
MyTim->setOverflow(10000, HERTZ_FORMAT); // 10 kHz
1. 然后可以配置 CaptureCompare（通道特定的 CaptureCompare 寄存器）。
CaptureCompare 仅适用于一个通道。
CaptureCompare 范围：[0.. 0xFFFF]
MyTim->setCaptureCompare(channel, 50); // Default format is TICK_FORMAT. 50 ticks
MyTim->setCaptureCompare(channel, 50, TICK_FORMAT)
MyTim->setCaptureCompare(channel, 50, MICROSEC_COMPARE_FORMAT); // 50 microseconds between counter resetand compare
MyTim->setCaptureCompare(channel, 50, HERTZ_COMPARE_FORMAT); // 50 Hertz -> 1/50 seconds between counterreset and compare
MyTim->setCaptureCompare(channel, 50, RESOLUTION_8B_COMPARE_FORMAT); // used for Dutycycle: [0.. 255]
MyTim->setCaptureCompare(channel, 50, RESOLUTION_12B_COMPARE_FORMAT); // used for Dutycycle: [0.. 4095]
可以在更新中断（翻转）和/或捕获/比较中断上附加用户回调。如果未指定通道，则用户回调将附加到更新事件。请注意，更新中断标志 (UIF) 在更新事件发生并生成中断时设置，并在执行用户回调之前由 HAL 驱动程序自动清除。用户回调无需显式清除 UIF。
MyTim->attachInterrupt(Update_IT_callback); // Userdefined call back. See 'Examples' chapter to see how to use callback with or without parameter
MyTim->attachInterrupt(channel, Compare_IT_callback); // Userdefined call back. See 'Examples' chapter to see how to use callback with or without parameter
1. 现在可以启动定时器了
同一定时器的所有通道同时启动（因为每个定时器只有 1 个计数器）。
MyTim->resume();
计时器可以暂停然后恢复
MyTim->pause();
// ...
MyTim->resume();
以下是完整 PWM 配置的示例:
MyTim->setMode(channel, TIMER_OUTPUT_COMPARE_PWM1, pin);
// MyTim->setPrescaleFactor(8); // Due to setOverflow with MICROSEC_FORMAT, prescaler will be computedautomatically based on timer input clock
MyTim->setOverflow(100000, MICROSEC_FORMAT); // 10000 microseconds = 10 milliseconds
MyTim->setCaptureCompare(channel, 50, PERCENT_COMPARE_FORMAT); // 50%
MyTim->attachInterrupt(Update_IT_callback);
MyTim->attachInterrupt(channel, Compare_IT_callback);
MyTim->resume();
为了简化基本 PWM 配置，提供了专用的一体化 API。溢出/频率以赫兹为单位，占空比以百分比为单位。
MyTim->setPWM(channel, pin, 5, 10, NULL, NULL); // No callback required, we can simplify the function call
MyTim->setPWM(channel, pin, 5, 10); // 5 Hertz, 10% dutycycle
一些额外的 API 允许检索配置：
getPrescaleFactor();
getOverflow();
getCaptureCompare(); // In InputCapture mode, this method doesn't retrieve configuration but retrieve thecaptured counter value
getCount();
另外，要使用中断回调：
detachInterrupt()
一旦计时器启动并启用回调，您可以通过 detachInterruptattachInterrupt 自由禁用和启用回调，次数不限。但是，如果第一个 resume （= 计时器启动）在调用 attachInterrupt 之前完成，则 HardwareTimer 将无法稍后附加中断（出于性能原因，计时器将启动禁用中断）
如果在定时器运行时分离和附加中断，您还可以通过该方法知道是否已经附加了回调（无需在外部跟踪它）
hasInterrupt() | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Long-nosed hocicudo
The long-nosed hocicudo (Oxymycterus nasutus) is a South American rodent species found in southeastern Brazil and Uruguay.
Diet
It hunts grubs and worms under the cover of leaves, logs, and stones.
Description
It has a long, flexible nose, and usually utilizes the tunnels and pathways created by other rodents. | WIKI |
The biggest exaggerations in Trump’s energy plans
Donald Trump's energy speech in Bismarck, N.D. on Thursday was brimming with big promises — and big exaggerations. Amid pledges to eliminate a slew of environmental regulations and dramatically expand fossil fuel development, Trump tossed out a few inaccurate statistics, falsely accused President Barack Obama of wanting to end oil and gas development in the U.S. and showed an overly simplistic understanding of world oil markets. POLITICO rounded up Trump's most eye-catching falsehoods: "We will become and stay independent of any need to import energy from the OPEC cartel ... Under my presidency, we’ll accomplish a complete American energy independence. Complete." Energy experts say "complete” energy independence for the U.S. isn't remotely possible, and Trump's comment goes beyond what even the biggest proponents in the oil and gas industry have sought in recent years. Rather, the industry and its backers have pushed “North American energy independence,” which would combine the formidable resources of Canada and Mexico with those in the U.S. And in fact, U.S. imports of oil from OPEC have tumbled by more than 50 percent since they peaked in 2008, and they currently amount to about a third of the oil that U.S. refiners buy from other countries. Cutting off the rest of OPEC shipments might also prove difficult, particularly since Saudi Arabia will soon be the sole owner of the largest refinery in the U.S., the Port Arthur, Texas plant. And energy market experts say any restrictions on limiting supplies from OPEC would likely only harm the U.S., which is by far the world’s largest oil consumer and could see its prices surge if it eliminates a major supply avenue. "I want the Keystone pipeline, but the people of the United States should be given a piece, a significant piece of the profits." Trump's call to negotiate a "better deal" for the U.S. when it comes to the Keystone XL oil pipeline could face significant resistance. It's not likely to sit well with the oil industry, which likely won't welcome any proposal that could doom a project it has been fighting over since 2008. The notion of making a project's approval contingent on the fact that pipeline developer TransCanada forks over a portion of its profits could also face significant legal obstacles. In a statement, TransCanada said the pipeline would contribute tens of millions of dollars in property taxes to states along the pipeline route, and it argued the project, which was rejected by Obama last year, would offer other huge benefits to U.S. companies and thousands of temporary construction jobs. The Paris climate agreement "gives foreign bureaucrats control over how much energy we use right here in America. Foreign bureaucrats are going to be controlling what we’re doing on our land in our country. No way." The United Nations climate deal, which was agreed to by nearly 200 nations late last year, does not give foreign countries direct control over the United States' domestic climate agenda. Under the agreement, each country, including the U.S., was allowed to determine its own plan for cutting its emissions. In addition, the agreement relies on little more than peer pressure to compel other countries to stick with their commitments, so it would be very difficult for the U.N. to control what the U.S. does if a Trump administration decides to renege on Obama's climate pledges. Hillary Clinton will "shut down energy production across this country ... [President Obama] stated that it was his intent to eliminate oil and natural gas production in America, if you can believe this." Neither Clinton nor Obama have said they want to stop fossil fuel development altogether in the U.S., and Obama appeared to take credit for surging energy production in more than one of his State of the Union addresses. Both he and Clinton have both come under criticism from liberal environmentalists for not doing more to keep fossil fuels in the ground. Clinton has been pulled to the left on the environment, saying she'd put so many restrictions on fracking that the practice would be severely limited. But she has resisted calls for an outright fracking ban. She has also come under fire for saying earlier this year, "We're going to put a lot of coal miners and coal companies out of business." She has sought to clarify her remarks, saying in a letter to West Virginia Sen. Joe Manchin that she was "mistaken." She added that coal "will be part of the energy mix for years to come" and called for doing more to help coal workers who lose their jobs because of the decline in the coal industry. Obama, for his part, has imposed a series of regulations that put new restrictions on fossil fuel development, particularly his climate regulations for power plants. He has also made huge swaths offshore areas off limits to drilling, and he has halted new coal development on public lands. But he remains publicly committed to an "all of the above" energy agenda that includes fossil fuels — even if he has pushed to dramatically reduce emissions from fossil fuels. Clinton has said she eventually wants to stop fossil fuel extraction on public lands. Her campaign has said she believes the country "should be on a long-term path to a future where there is no extraction of fossil fuels on public lands." Wind turbines kill "far more than 1 million birds per year." Trump said that “far more” than a million birds are killed annually by wind turbines. But the Fish and Wildlife Service cites estimates that wind projects kill between 140,00 and 573,000 birds per year, and a more recent peer-reviewed study in 2014 found that about 368,000 birds are killed each year by wind turbine collisions. (Adding the more than 600,000 bats estimated to be killed by wind turbines every year gets you closer to Trump’s number.) It also turns out that your pet cat poses a far greater danger to the bird population. A 2013 study found that cats kill as many as 4 billion birds each year. "In a Trump administration, political activists with extreme agendas will no longer write the rules because that’s what’s happening now.” Conservatives have long alleged that environmental groups unfairly influence Obama administration regulations. The EPA came under fire after The New York Times published a story in 2014 that asserted the Natural Resources Defense Council crafted a proposal that served as a "blueprint" for the administration's climate rules. But there is no evidence that green activists actually write the administration's regulations. Indeed, federal rules go through a public comment period that allows for input from activists and industry groups alike. Esther Whieldon and Matt Daily contributed to this story. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Dr. Kate Truitt & Associates
Related Resources
For Understanding Trauma
How Traumatic Stress Impacts the Brain
Did you know that your brain is designed to find the difficult moments in every day? Our little friend “Amy” the amygdala loves to search out those hard moments—those difficult experiences that lead to feelings of anxiety, frustration, and sadness.
Counterintuitively, the reason for this is she’s always trying to keep us safe. The unfortunate side effect is that when we have a difficult moment Amy will start spinning worst case scenario stories about these experiences. I like to think of it as a choose your own adventure of doom that our brain will take us on in order to keep us prepared for every eventuality. For anyone who’s ever experienced ruminating thoughts then you know how painful this can be.
Luckily there are easy steps we can take to stop ruminating in its tracks and instead let our amygdala know that we are safe and sound.
Understanding the Impact of Stress & Trauma: The Window of Tolerance
In this psychoeducation video, Dr. Kate Truitt walks us through the window of tolerance and the impact of long-term stress and trauma on the mind and body. She begins by explaining that experiencing a traumatic event can change the way our mind and our body show up in our day to day lives, and it can be for a short time after the trauma or can create long-term change. Our mind and body are a closed loop system, what impacts one impacts the other.
Dr. Kate then explains that the window of tolerance is the body in its optimal state, where it can access both reason and emotion. Outside of the window of tolerance is hyperarousal (over-reactivity, unclear thoughts, emotional distress, anxiety) and hypoarousal (depression, unmotivated, numbness, fogginess, fatigue). When we experience a traumatic event, it can push us out of the window of tolerance to hyperarousal or hypoarousal.
In a healthy mind body system, our system will rebalance. But if we experience a big enough stressor or prolonged stressors, we will start cycling between the red and the grey zone state. This can often look like a cycle between anxiety and depression. If we stay in this cycle, our window of tolerance shrinks.
Dr. Kate reminds us that we have the power of neuroplasticity in our hands!
Understanding Trauma (YouTube Playlist)
Dr. Kate Truitt begins by introducing this 37-episode series, where she covers the intricacies of trauma, such as post-traumatic stress injury and complex trauma. This includes addressing questions such as why do some people have PTSD and others don’t, how many adverse childhood experiences do we have and what trauma does to the brain and body.
In this series, we dig deep into how to go from being survivors to becoming thrivers, or learning how to “Phoenix up.” This means taking the experiences of our past and turning them into personal empowerment. The story of the phoenix illustrates a fire bird that flies into flames to burn up. It consistently rises stronger and wiser than ever before. The bird chooses to burn up, so that it can rise, and Dr. Kate explains that this is the opportunity with trauma.
Trauma Labels and Diagnoses: Understanding the Ways Trauma and Stress Show Up in Our Lives
By Dr. Kate Truitt
This is the first in a series of four blog articles about understanding and healing trauma.
The Labels and Diagnoses of Trauma and How They Show Up
In my clinical practice I am often asked “How does trauma show up in relationship to all those labels, such as acute stress disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and complex posttraumatic stress disorder, and what about those of us who experienced traumatic experiences but don’t have PTSD?”
I didn’t develop PTSD until I was 29 years old. I can tell you, though, that I had quite a host and variety of traumatic experiences that impacted my mind and body long before the devastating trauma of having my fiancé suddenly die one week before our wedding, which was when the PTSD took hold.
I know I’m not alone. In this article we will explore these trauma labels and how these conditions unfold neurobiologically.
Visualizing Trauma Labels and Diagnoses
Acute Stress Disorder
Let’s use use an analogy of walking on a beach. Imagine you are enjoying a walk on a beautiful, sunny day and suddenly you step on a piece of broken glass halfway hidden in the sand, and you cut your foot. You first see the blood, then the cut, and it looks deep. It takes about a month for the wound to heal, and during that healing period, it is difficult for you to walk. The wound makes it hard to experience your life as you normally would.
This experience is akin to acute stress disorder. You’ve had a traumatic experience, and your mind and your body are experiencing the symptoms of that traumatic experience. These might might show up as insomnia, hypervigilance, increased irritability—the whole range of trauma-fueled experiences. Within a month, though, these symptoms go away. You’re healed. You’re good. All is well.
PTSD
But then imagine you’re walking on the beach, and you cut your foot. In this instance, though, the cut gets infected, and you start to have a multitude of mind/body experiences. The infection begins to course up your leg and you begin to worry that you might even lose your leg. Whatever your thoughts about the situation, you find that your mind will not stop thinking about the cut that happened. Every time you move while you’re sleeping your sleep gets disrupted, or you start having bad dreams about that cut on your foot. Well, now you have progressed into PTSD.
Complex PTSD
Then, imagine you’re living on a beach, or you get stuck on a beach and you can’t leave. And there are tsunamis and monsoons hitting that beach all the time. And it’s constantly raining. It is a rocky, scary beach. And by the way, you don’t know how to swim, you don’t have the skills or the tools that you need to survive on that beach. That’s complex PTSD. And that will exist across the course of your life unless you learn the skills and tools to get off of that beach in your mind, which is possible because our brain can heal and recover from complex PTSD.
PTSD with Delayed Onset
What happens in those experiences where you cut your foot and it heals, but then later, you notice that your foot starts hurting? Perhaps you cut your foot and then 12 months later, you’re running a marathon and you think, “Wow, my foot is really hurting.” And you notice that cut. All that was left of it was a mark, but it starts to get inflamed and cause problems so that it gets in the way of things you want to do. And all of a sudden, you can’t walk as well as you used to. You’re hobbling and wobbling along a bit. You reach out to your doctors because you’re not sure what is happening. You don’t really remember the experience on the beach, but your life and your mind and body are being seriously impacted by what happened there. Then one day you are out for a run, and you stumble and take a hard tumble. And then all you can think about is that down the beach when you cut your foot.
That’s PTSD with delayed onset. Your mind and body are saying, “I remember that thing that happened all the way back there,” even though it’s something in the here and now that triggered your brain and your body to go back there.
Anxiety and Depression
Or perhaps the physical scar stays inflamed. While the initial wound did not become infected, the scar tissue seems to cause ongoing difficulties in your life. And you don’t really understand why because you’re not thinking about that day on the beach. You just know you’re not living the life that you want to be living. There’s something going on and your foot is constantly getting in the way because it’s just not doing what it’s supposed to do. It hurts some days. You’re OK one day and the next day you’re limping.
Some days you think: “Gosh, I don’t think I can get out of bed at all” or “I don’t think I can go to that social event,” or “What if I can’t put on my shoes or my shoes really start to hurt?” Now, that is anxiety or depression that is caused because you had that experience on the beach where you cut your foot. That’s part of what happens when your brain encounters a stressful enough or traumatic enough experience that it shifts neurobiologically but doesn’t result in the symptom onset of PTSD.
Peritraumatic Distress
Those encoded experiences can still show up in a large variety of ways and cause ongoing stress or harm to the way we’re trying to live our lives. This is known as peritraumatic distress, the emotional and physiological distress experienced during and/or after a traumatic event.
As you can see, trauma can show up in so many ways, and have large and yet varying impacts on our lives. Notably, individuals who experience recurrent depression usually have six or more traumatically encoded experiences. Six or more! So this begs the question, is recurrent depression about trauma, or is it a mood disorder as they talk about it in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, which is considered one of the “Bibles” of psychiatry?
Healing Is Truly In Your Hands
This is an important question. Trauma is diffuse, and it is not just about our thoughts and our emotions. It’s about the entire mind/body system. As I explored in our September 2022 blog article, Healing Trauma: The Mind and Body Remember, our emotional and physical health and well-being are undeniably entwined and intricately connected. Anything—not just trauma—that impacts our body will impact our mind and vice-versa.
The good news is that we have the power of self-healing in our hands with the mindful touch of The Havening Techniques. If you want to read more about this healing opportunity, continue from the September blog article above into our October 2022 blog article titled, The Havening Techniques: New Neuroscientific Insights Shine Light on Ancient Healing Practices.
If you are interested in building your own personalized self-healing journey, check out my book titled, “Healing in Your Hands: Self-Havening Practices to Harness Neuroplasticity, Heal Traumatic Stress, and Build Resilience,” released in December and available on Amazon.
Healing starts with intentionally leaning in with curiosity to understand the nuances of what a traumatic experience does to the brain and body. Those nuances are important because they set us up for first and foremost self-compassion. We can recognize, “Oh, that’s why my brain is doing that thing.” This plays a critical role in guiding our healing journey, because we have the complete capacity to change our brain’s relationship with the past so we can create a new version of our present and build our future.
This is the first in a four part series on healing trauma. In my next article in this series I will delve into three of the survival responses our mind and body go to in traumatic situations: fight, flight and freeze.
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Links to more blog posts below... | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
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