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Premiér
Premiér (Prime Minister) is a Czech television sitcom that was broadcast in 2019 by TV Barrandov. The series deals with the office of the government, and the title role of the newly elected Czech Prime Minister Pavel Diviš was played by the owner and director of the television Jaromír Soukup himself, who presented and moderated nine other Barrandov programs at the time of the series premiere. The first episode premiered on October 9, 2019. A total of nine episodes were created, the last of which was shown on October 22, 2019. The regular footage of the piece was 20 minutes, the creators of the show and the individual actors were not mentioned in the credits of the series.
Plot
As the winner of elections Pavel Diviš is appointed by President Miloš Zeman as the new Czech Prime Minister. As prime minister, he must solve the government's everyday problems.
Cast
* Jaromír Soukup as Pavel Diviš, Prime Minister
* Šárka Sedláková as Marcela Nováková, Prime Minister's secretary
* Čestmír Řanda jr. as Ivan, Prime Minister's driver and bodyguard
Reception
After the broadcast of the first episode, the series received the position of the worst series of all time on the list of the fan Czech-Slovak film database with a rating of 2%.
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WIKI
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A password-protected directory or area is a folder which may be accessed when a username and a password are entered, so no unauthorized individuals can check out its content. This function can be used for the primary folder of a specific site or exclusively for a particular subfolder in accordance with the needs you have. As an illustration, when you are creating a new website and you don't want people to see it before it's 100% ready, you need to limit the access to it completely, whereas if you need only some individuals to be able to access certain files, you could password-protect only a specific folder, while the other parts of the website could be seen by anybody. In either case, a “403 Forbidden” error page will appear if the login details the visitor enters aren't accurate. Even a direct link to a file won't work given that any folder above it is password-protected.
Password Protected Directories in Cloud Hosting
All our Linux cloud hosting include a very handy tool which will permit you to secure any folder inside your account from unauthorized access with just two mouse clicks. When you log in to your Hepsia hosting CP, you will just have to visit the Password Protection section, to select the main domain or subdomain, to specify the folder which should be secured - the root folder or some folder under it, and then to enter the username and the password that must be used so as to access the content in question. The function shall be active instantly, so in case you attempt to open the folder/website, you shall be prompted to type in the login info. You can set up or remove many usernames for the same folder, if required. When you check out the File Manager section, all password-protected folders shall be indicated by a small padlock icon.
Password Protected Directories in Semi-dedicated Servers
If you have a semi-dedicated server account with our company, you'll be able to protect any content you have uploaded via our protection tool. Its interface is as basic and intuitive as that of the Hepsia Control Panel it's a part of, so you'll not need to write any code at any time. You will only need to choose one of the domains/subdomains which you have inside the website hosting account and to select which folder must be password-protected - the website’s root folder or some folder below it. After that you can type in the username and the password, which will be stored in encrypted form in our system, and you shall be all set. The protection shall be activated straightaway, so anyone who tries to access the recently protected folder will have to input the right login details. In case a number of people have to be able to access the exact same content, you could set up a separate username for each of them.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Cyber Monday expected to be largest online sales day ever with $6.59 billion spent: Adobe
Cyber Monday is expected to be the biggest online sales day ever with shoppers spending $6.59 billion, Adobe Systems Inc. said Tuesday. That was a 16.8% increase over the same time last year, the data analytics firm said in a statement. Shopper spent $1 billion more than on the same day a year ago, with top sellers including Nintendo Switch, PJ Masks and Hatchimals & Colleggtibles figurines, Apple AirPods , streaming devices like Google Chromecast and Roku, and video game Super Mario Odyssey. The holiday shopping season has driven $50 billion in online revenue so far, said Adobe, which is expecting it to be the first to break $100 billion in online sales.
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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package Net::ZWrite; # Original author possibly Marc Horowitz # Packaged for Perl 5 by Reid Barton # We don't support @zhmaddr any more. use strict; use warnings; use Carp; BEGIN { use Exporter (); our ($VERSION, @ISA, @EXPORT, @EXPORT_OK, %EXPORT_TAGS); $VERSION = 1.00; @ISA = qw(Exporter); @EXPORT = qw(&zwrite); %EXPORT_TAGS = (); } use IO::Socket::INET; my $uidinc = 0; my $oldtime = -1; my $localaddr; sub zascii { my ($retval,$data) = ("",$_[0]); my ($c1,$c2,$c3,$c4); while (length($data)>=4) { $retval .= " " if ($retval); ($c1,$c2,$c3,$c4,$data) = unpack("C4a*",$data); $retval .= sprintf("0x%02X%02X%02X%02X",$c1,$c2,$c3,$c4); } if ($data) { $retval .= " " if ($retval); $retval .= "0x"; while ($data) { ($c1,$data) = unpack("Ca*",$data); $retval .= sprintf("%02X",$c1); } } return($retval); } sub zlong { return(&zascii(pack("N",$_[0]))."\0"); } sub thechop { my ($foo) = $_[0]; chop($foo); return($foo); } sub zpacket { my ($uid, $class, $inst, $opcode, $sender, $recip, $default, $msg) = @_; my ($packet); if (! $uid) { $localaddr = ((gethostbyname(&thechop(`hostname`)))[4]) if (! $localaddr); $uidinc = 0 if ($oldtime != time); $uidinc++; $uid = pack("a4 N N",$localaddr,$oldtime=time,$uidinc); } $packet .= "ZEPH0.2\0"; $packet .= &zlong(17); $packet .= &zlong(0); # UNSAFE $packet .= &zascii($uid)."\0"; $packet .= &zascii(pack("n",0))."\0"; # no response port $packet .= &zlong(0); # no auth $packet .= &zlong(0); # authlen = 0 $packet .= "\0"; # no authdata $packet .= $class."\0"; $packet .= $inst."\0"; $packet .= $opcode."\0"; $packet .= $sender."\0"; $packet .= $recip."\0"; $packet .= $default."\0"; $packet .= &zlong(0); # no checksum $packet .= "\0"; # no fragmentation $packet .= &zascii($uid)."\0"; $packet .= $msg; return $packet; } sub zwrite { my %values = ( uid => 0, class => "", instance => "", opcode => "", sender => "", recipient => "", default => "Class \$class, Instance \$instance:\n" . "To \@bold(\$recipient) at \$time \$date\n" . "From \@bold{\$1 <\$sender>}\n\n" . "\$2", msg => "", @_ # Override defaults with whatever values were passed in ); my $port = (getservbyname("zephyr-hm", "udp"))[2]; my $socket = IO::Socket::INET->new(PeerAddr => "127.0.0.1:$port", LocalAddr => '127.0.0.1:0', Proto => 'udp') || confess "$! creating socket"; my $packet = &zpacket(@values{qw(uid class instance opcode sender recipient default msg)}); $socket->send($packet, 0) || confess "$! sending packet"; } 1;
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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gratia 0.9.2
Breaking changes
User visible changes
New features
Bug fixes
gratia 0.9.0
Breaking changes
Defunct and deprecated functions and arguments
Defunct
Deprecated functions
The following functions were deprecated in version 0.9.0 of gratia. They will eventually be removed from the package as part of a clean up ahead of an eventual 1.0.0 release. These functions will become defunct by version 0.11.0 or 1.0.0, whichever is released soonest.
Deprecated arguments
To make functions in the package more consistent, the arguments select, term, and smooth are all used for the same thing and hence the latter two have been deprecated in favour of select. If a deprecated argument is used, a warning will be issued but the value assigned to the argument will be assigned to select and the function will continue.
User visible changes
New features
Bug fixes
gratia 0.8.2
gratia 0.8.1
User visible changes
New features
Bug fixes
gratia 0.8.0
User visible changes
New features
Bug fixes
gratia 0.7.3
User visible changes
New features
Bug fixes
gratia 0.7.2
New features
Bug fixes
gratia 0.7.1
Due to an issue with the size of the package source tarball, which wasn’t discovered until after submission to CRAN, 0.7.1 was never released.
New features
Bug fixes
gratia 0.7.0
Major changes
Deprecated functions
From version 0.7.0, the following functions are considered deprecated and their use is discouraged:
The first call to one of these functions will generate a warning, pointing to the newer, alternative, function. It is safe to ignore these warnings, but these deprecated functions will no longer receive updates and are thus at risk of being removed from the package at some future date. The newer alternatives can handle more types of models and smooths, especially so in the case of smooth_estimates().
New features
Bug fixes
gratia 0.6.0
Major changes
New features
User visible changes
Bug fixes
gratia 0.5.1
New features
User visible changes
gratia 0.5.0
New features
User visible changes
Bug Fixes
gratia 0.4.1
User visible changes
Bug fixes
gratia 0.4.0
New features
User visible changes
Bug fixes
gratia 0.3.1
New features
Bug fixes
gratia 0.3.0
New features
Bug fixes
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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User:Dman5119
Dman5119 The Runescape/Guitar Hero addict.
Dman5119's Youtube Page
About Dman
Age:
Dman5119 currently is 14 years of age and was born january 24th 1994.
Guitar Hero
Dman5119 is an expert player who has almost perfected all of guitar hero 3. He is also working on perfecting Guitarhero's one - two. he can be found on scorehero, under the username of Dman51119. Dman, nicknamed 'SpiderHand' for his quick moving hands, has been playing for 6 months, and started playing july, summer of 2007.
Friends
Dman5119 has 2 friends that play Guitar Hero, Holly Cravets, and Tony Aguilera. Tony is an up and comer. He started playing around the same time as Derrick.
Contact Dman5119
Dman5119 Can be reached via youtube or email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>
2007(c)Stacy Kimble
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WIKI
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Author:Michael Gerard Grimm
Works
* Business Risk Mitigation and Price Stabilization Act of 2013 (H.R. 634; 113th Congress) (2013)
* National Blue Alert Act of 2013 (H.R. 180;113th Congress) (2013)
* Homeowner Flood Insurance Affordability Act of 2013 (H.R. 3370; 113th Congress)
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WIKI
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Talk:Kylpor ejector
I miss dates (when was it described?), references (relevant paper(s) and/or patent), contributors (most likely other engineers expanded the theory), applications (was there ever an engine or engine using this technology?), pictures and so on -- MichaelFrey (talk) 12:40, 9 June 2015 (UTC)
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WIKI
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Lerret
A lerret is a type of rowing boat designed for use off the Chesil Beach in Dorset. It is of wooden, clinker construction and varied in size, depending on the number of oars – the largest would have up to eight. It was primarily used for fishing but, in emergencies, lerrets would be used as lifeboats.
Construction
It was an open clinker-built rowing boat about 16 feet long with a beam of about 5–6 feet, when rowed by 2 to 4 pairs of rowers. To facilitate launching and beaching on the steep shingle of Chesil Beach, the stern was sharp with a high sternpost and the bottom of the craft was flat. A particular boat, Ena, which was built in 1905, was made with twelve planks of wych elm and steam-bent rock elm on each side. Its keel was made from pitch pine and it had four oars which were secured to the thole pins so that they would not float off while the crew worked the nets.
History
The design dates back to the 17th century and the name is a contraction of Lady of Loretto – the first boat of this type was built by a local ship's master who had formerly traded with Italy and named it after the shrine at Loretto.
The craft were mainly used for seine fishing, catching shoals of mackerel every Autumn. Each village would have its own company and a six-oared boat would require a team of 14 men – six to row, one to pay out the net from the stern and the rest to handle the operations on the shore.
The numbers of lerrets declined from about a hundred to fifty at the end of the 19th century. The largest types with eight oars disappeared in the 1870s and the six-oared models went in the 1920s. In 2010, there were only about 4 left so a new one was built to preserve the type.
Lifeboats
While the boat was built primarily for fishing, it was also handy in rough surf and so was used to rescue other vessels. When the Royal National Lifeboat Institution was formed, the Portland mariners preferred to keep their local lerrets for the purpose and so two were adopted as lifeboats.
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WIKI
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The robot revolution revs up, the gig economy slows down and 3 other job trends to expect in 2017
The U.S. job market is strong but dynamic, and to keep up, workers are going to have to evolve. Automation and data analysis will expand further into the U.S. job market in 2017, causing some significant changes in hiring, workflow and professional training. "America's labor market today is one of the healthiest in a generation, with rising pay, record numbers of unfilled jobs and historically low unemployment," says Dr. Andrew Chamberlain, the chief economist of job marketplace Glassdoor, in a report he wrote on the labor market in 2017 titled, "Looking Ahead: 5 Jobs Trends to Watch in 2017." "On the other hand, it's also a time of great uncertainty," he says. "Technology and automation are changing the way we work forever, creating opportunities and growing pains." Chamberlain expects to see five major changes in the labor market in the next year. While automation is already replacing many blue-collar jobs, like dock workers and grocery store cashiers, it will increasingly encroach on the work of white-collar jobs, like financial analysts, according to Chamberlain. But that doesn't mean that everyone at a desk is going to lose his or her job. It just means that more people are going to have to be re-trained to perform their job in tandem with automation more often, he says. "The big change that we are going to see from automation is not mass unemployment. What we are going to see is that people need to up-skill regularly. Everybody needs to be doing this, not just attorneys and doctors," who have historically had to routinely update their skill set, says Chamberlain. "I believe that we are going to see all white-collar jobs have to carve out a budget of time to replenish their skills going forward." By contrast, Silicon Valley futurists predict that automation is going to lead to widespread unemployment. Elon Musk has said that he thinks the only viable solution will be for the government to give cash handouts to all residents. This idea, also known as a "universal basic income," is the center of a new $10 million research project co-chaired by one of the co-founders of Facebook. Chamberlain isn't concerned. "There absolutely is a raging debate about automation," he says. But the percentage of workers today who will lose their job to a robot in our lifetimes is marginal. "The people in Silicon Valley often really overestimate the effect of this because they are in this bubble where everything they do in their jobs is affected by code," he says, pointing out that many communities in other parts of the country have work forces that are less computer-centric and can't be replaced as easily by automation. The popularity of companies like Uber and Airbnb has given momentum to the notion that the gig economy, where workers are paid for one task at a time rather than with a salary, would gradually overtake the labor market. Chamberlain says that's a combination of catastrophizing and over-active imagination. The pace of growth in the gig economy is going to slow, he says. "There has been a lot of growth in recent years because there has been low-hanging fruit for gig work," says Chamberlain. "And most of the low-hanging fruit, like these really simple kinds of jobs ... they have already been picked up." Going forward, he expects that there may be some more growth in the number of transportation gig economy workers, like Uber drivers, but there will likely be a decline in the number of house-sharing arrangements. The house-sharing economy may have gotten ahead of itself, he says. But overall in the U.S. economy, the vast majority of workers will have salaried, full-time jobs. "For the foreseeable future, for our lifetimes, most people will still be employed in traditional employment relationships," says Chamberlain. Historically, human resource departments have been in charge of tracking applicant paperwork and managing hiring legal issues. A lot of that has been automated with applicant tracking systems, leaving human resource professionals to do much more creative work. And thanks to a strong employment market, human resources professionals do have to compete for top talent. "HR is absolutely changing," says Chamberlain. In addition to creating more thoughtful hiring strategies, HR departments can think about more strategic employee engagement programs and building more thorough referral programs. "A tight labor market in tech is partly what sparked the growth of exotic perks and benefits," says Chamberlain. To lure top talent, Silicon Valley dangled carrots like free meals, dog-friendly offices, video games, on site yoga classes, and unlimited vacation. While the job market is hot right now, data has shown that those sorts of benefits, while fun to Tweet about and discuss at a cocktail party, don't do much for an employee's commitment to a job or feeling of satisfaction at work. "When you look at the data of what keeps employees satisfied long term, it is always the core, traditional benefits," says Chamberlain. Those include retirement benefits, great health insurance and a paid time off policy. "That hasn't really changed at all," he says. What has changed is that now there is data to show that "we get the biggest bang for the buck from traditional benefits." As with the evolution in human resources, the key here is data, according to Chamberlain. The pay gap is not a new issue. Currently, female employees make, on average, 80 cents on the dollar, according to October 2016 data from the National Partnership for Women & Families, and female employees of color fare even worse. What is different in 2017 is that the data science capabilities are increasing, says Chamberlain. As companies are faced with more data showing them the discrepancy in pay, they will have a greater motivation and ability to address the issue. Data itself can't solve a complicated issue of inequality that is driven by human fears, prejudices and behavior patterns. In fact, "it is unlikely that there is any one solution that will completely address this issue," says Chamberlain. But increased transparency is an important first step.
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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2011 journal article
Linkage Mapping and QTL Analysis of Agronomic Traits in Tetraploid Potato (Solanum tuberosum subsp tuberosum)
CROP SCIENCE, 51(2), 771–785.
co-author countries: United States of America 🇺🇸
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018
ABSTRACT Potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the world's most important crops. Using a tetraploid population, we developed a linkage map using amplified fragment length polymorphism and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, and searched for quantitative trait loci (QTL) via interval mapping and single‐marker analysis of variance. Quantitative trait loci were detected for flower color, foliage maturity, tuber skin texture, dry matter content, specific gravity, and yield. Most linkage groups were anchored to Solanum chromosomes using SSRs. The most significant QTL detected was for flower color. It was located on chromosome II and explained over 40% of the variation for this trait. This QTL most likely corresponds to the R locus for red anthocyanin production. We also confirmed the presence of QTL for foliage maturity on chromosomes III and V. For skin texture, a trait that has not been previously mapped in potato, we detected multiple QTL. One of these, found on chromosome III, explained 20% of the variation. By measuring specific gravity and dry matter independently we were able to detect QTL for these traits that did not co‐locate, even though the traits are strongly correlated. Yield QTL were detected on multiple chromosomes, including a novel one on chromosome III. Many QTL could be modeled as simplex or duplex with dominant effects, but a large number displayed additive or interallelic interactive effects. The mapping and modeling of traits in this tetraploid population could be improved by the use of more codominant markers, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Sailing at the 2011 Pan American Games – Men's RS:X
The men's sailboard sailing event at the 2011 Pan American Games will be held from October 17–23 at the Vallarta Yacht Club in Puerto Vallarta. The defending Pan American Games champion is Ricardo Santos of Brazil.
Points were assigned based on the finishing position in each race (1 for first, 2 for second, etc.). The points were totaled from the top 9 results of the first 10 races, with lower totals being better. If a sailor was disqualified or did not complete the race, 11 points were assigned for that race (as there were 10 sailors in this competition). The top 5 sailors at that point competed in the final race, with placings counting double for final score. The sailor with the lowest total score won.
Schedule
All times are Central Standard Time (UTC-6).
Results
Race M is the medal race in which only the top 5 competitors took part. Each boat can drop its lowest result provided that all ten races are completed. If less than ten races are completed all races will count. Boats cannot drop their result in the medal race.
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WIKI
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Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/hoajorloo.blogfa.com
Reporting statistics of link hoajorloo.blogfa.com; 14 records.
* hoajorloo.blogfa.com resolves to <IP_ADDRESS> -.
* Link is not on the blacklist.
* Link would be caught by rule \bhoajorloo\.blogfa\.com on the monitor list (Automonitor: conflict of interest? (calculated overlap Hoajorloo <-> hoajorloo.blogfa.com; diff)).
* Link would be caught by rule \bblogfa\.com\b on the monitor list (Automonitor: reported to en:User:XLinkBot/RevertList (diff - )).
* Link would be caught by rule \bblogfa\.com\b on the monitor list (Automonitor: reported to en:User:XLinkBot/RevertList (diff - )).
Reports COIToolBot reported 14 links.
* 08:18:07, Thu May 01, 2008 fa:user:Hoajorloo <-> hoajorloo.blogfa.com (100%/50%/50% - calculated overlap Hoajorloo <-> hoajorloo.blogfa.com) - fa:جÙÚ¯_Û±Û¹ÛµÛ¶ - diff - COIBot UserReport - fa:Special:Contributions/Hoajorloo.
* 08:14:46, Thu May 01, 2008 fa:user:Hoajorloo <-> hoajorloo.blogfa.com (100%/50%/50% - calculated overlap Hoajorloo <-> hoajorloo.blogfa.com) - fa:عÙÛ_اÙ
ÛÙÛ - diff - COIBot UserReport - fa:Special:Contributions/Hoajorloo.
* 08:08:11, Thu May 01, 2008 fa:user:Hoajorloo <-> hoajorloo.blogfa.com (100%/50%/50% - calculated overlap Hoajorloo <-> hoajorloo.blogfa.com) - fa:ØاÙظ_اسد - diff - COIBot UserReport - fa:Special:Contributions/Hoajorloo.
* 07:59:59, Thu May 01, 2008 fa:user:Hoajorloo <-> hoajorloo.blogfa.com (100%/50%/50% - calculated overlap Hoajorloo <-> hoajorloo.blogfa.com) - fa:رÙابط_بÛÙ_اÙÙ
ÙÙ - diff - COIBot UserReport - fa:Special:Contributions/Hoajorloo.
* 07:53:33, Thu May 01, 2008 fa:user:Hoajorloo <-> hoajorloo.blogfa.com (100%/50%/50% - calculated overlap Hoajorloo <-> hoajorloo.blogfa.com) - fa:ÙÙ
گراÙÛ - diff - COIBot UserReport - fa:Special:Contributions/Hoajorloo.
* 07:48:50, Thu May 01, 2008 fa:user:Hoajorloo <-> hoajorloo.blogfa.com (100%/50%/50% - calculated overlap Hoajorloo <-> hoajorloo.blogfa.com) - fa:اÙتدار - diff - COIBot UserReport - fa:Special:Contributions/Hoajorloo.
* 07:32:26, Thu May 01, 2008 fa:user:Hoajorloo <-> hoajorloo.blogfa.com (100%/50%/50% - calculated overlap Hoajorloo <-> hoajorloo.blogfa.com) - fa:جعÙر_شرÛÙâاÙ
اÙ
Û - diff - COIBot UserReport - fa:Special:Contributions/Hoajorloo.
* 13:20:46, Sun Apr 27, 2008 fa:user:Hoajorloo <-> hoajorloo.blogfa.com (100%/50%/50% - calculated overlap Hoajorloo <-> hoajorloo.blogfa.com) - fa:رÙابط_بÛÙ_اÙÙ
ÙÙ - diff - COIBot UserReport - fa:Special:Contributions/Hoajorloo.
* 13:06:37, Sun Apr 27, 2008 fa:user:Hoajorloo <-> hoajorloo.blogfa.com (100%/50%/50% - calculated overlap Hoajorloo <-> hoajorloo.blogfa.com) - fa:عÙÛ_اÙ
ÛÙÛ - diff - COIBot UserReport - fa:Special:Contributions/Hoajorloo.
* 13:04:25, Sun Apr 27, 2008 fa:user:Hoajorloo <-> hoajorloo.blogfa.com (100%/50%/50% - calculated overlap Hoajorloo <-> hoajorloo.blogfa.com) - fa:ØاÙظ_اسد - diff - COIBot UserReport - fa:Special:Contributions/Hoajorloo.
* 12:59:29, Sun Apr 27, 2008 fa:user:Hoajorloo <-> hoajorloo.blogfa.com (100%/50%/50% - calculated overlap Hoajorloo <-> hoajorloo.blogfa.com) - fa:ÙÙ
گراÙÛ - diff - COIBot UserReport - fa:Special:Contributions/Hoajorloo.
* 12:58:33, Sun Apr 27, 2008 fa:user:Hoajorloo <-> hoajorloo.blogfa.com (100%/50%/50% - calculated overlap Hoajorloo <-> hoajorloo.blogfa.com) - fa:اÙتدار - diff - COIBot UserReport - fa:Special:Contributions/Hoajorloo.
* 12:47:49, Sun Apr 27, 2008 fa:user:Hoajorloo <-> hoajorloo.blogfa.com (100%/50%/50% - calculated overlap Hoajorloo <-> hoajorloo.blogfa.com) - fa:ÙÙتا - diff - COIBot UserReport - fa:Special:Contributions/Hoajorloo.
* 10:16:15, Thu Apr 24, 2008 fa:user:Hoajorloo <-> hoajorloo.blogfa.com (100%/50%/50% - calculated overlap Hoajorloo <-> hoajorloo.blogfa.com) - fa:ØسÛÙ_آجÙرÙÙ - diff - COIBot UserReport - fa:Special:Contributions/Hoajorloo.
Below a full report on all use of the link hoajorloo.blogfa.com.
LinkWatcher records:
* 1) 2008-05-01 04:18:06: User fa:Hoajorloo (talk - contribs; 9) to fa:جÙÚ¯ Û±Û¹ÛµÛ¶ (diff) - Link: hoajorloo.blogfa.com/post-34.aspx. * Links added in this diff: hoajorloo.blogfa.com/post-34.aspx (9, 7, 7, 1)
* 2) 2008-05-01 04:14:46: User fa:Hoajorloo (talk - contribs; 9) to fa:عÙÛ Ø§Ù
ÛÙÛ (diff) - Link: hoajorloo.blogfa.com/post-31.aspx. * Links added in this diff: hoajorloo.blogfa.com/post-31.aspx (9, 7, 7, 1)
* 3) 2008-05-01 04:08:10: User fa:Hoajorloo (talk - contribs; 9) to fa:ØاÙظ اسد (diff) - Link: hoajorloo.blogfa.com/post-30.aspx. * Links added in this diff: hoajorloo.blogfa.com/post-30.aspx (9, 7, 7, 1)
* 4) 2008-05-01 03:59:55: User fa:Hoajorloo (talk - contribs; 9) to fa:رÙابط بÛ٠اÙÙ
ÙÙ (diff) - Link: hoajorloo.blogfa.com/post-33.aspx. * Links added in this diff: hoajorloo.blogfa.com/post-33.aspx (9, 7, 7, 1)
* 5) 2008-05-01 03:53:32: User fa:Hoajorloo (talk - contribs; 9) to fa:ÙÙ
گراÙÛ (diff) - Link: hoajorloo.blogfa.com/post-29.aspx. * Links added in this diff: hoajorloo.blogfa.com/post-29.aspx (9, 7, 7, 1)
* 6) 2008-05-01 03:48:49: User fa:Hoajorloo (talk - contribs; 9) to fa:اÙتدار (diff) - Link: hoajorloo.blogfa.com/post-28.aspx. * Links added in this diff: hoajorloo.blogfa.com/post-28.aspx (9, 7, 7, 1)
* 7) 2008-05-01 03:32:24: User fa:Hoajorloo (talk - contribs; 9) to fa:جعÙر شرÛÙâاÙ
اÙ
Û (diff) - Link: hoajorloo.blogfa.com/post-32.aspx. * Links added in this diff: hoajorloo.blogfa.com/post-32.aspx (9, 7, 7, 1)
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WIKI
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Reader Level:
Article
Custom Exception Handling in C#
By Susan Abraham on May 17, 2005
This article discusses the implementation of Custom Exception Handling using the existing features of C# .Net.
Introduction
Enhanced Exception Handling is one of key features that is most prominently available in .Net both 2003 version and Whidbey versions of C#.
This paper discusses the implementation of Custom Exception Handling using the existing features of C# .Net.
The Concept
The whole idea of having customized Exception Handling is centered around the fact that there needs to be a generic approach of catching and throwing Exceptions.
For implementing custom Exception Handling we need to derive the class CustomException from the system base class ApplicationException. In general, for customizing Exception Handling the following components are necessary:
1. A custom exception class which would host the exception thrown and can be thrown as a new exception.
2. A message class that would host all user - friendly Application messages that need to be displayed.
Implementation
The following are the steps that are required to implement custom exception for creation of the above mentioned components:
Step 1:
Define a project called Enumerators that would contain the definitions of all the Enumerators as the following:
using System;
namespace
CustomException
{
///
<summary>
///
Severity level of Exception
///
</summary>
public enum
SeverityLevel
{
Fatal,
Critical,
Information
}
///
<summary>
///
Log level of Exception
///
</summary>
public enum
LogLevel
{
Debug,
Event
}
}
1. The Severity level determines the criticality of the error.
2. The Loglevel determines whether an entry needs to be made in Log. Based on the log level chosen , entries can be made either in the Debug Log or System Event Log .
Step 2:
Add another project named CustomException. Add a reference of the Enumerators project. To the project add the following class deriving from ApplicationException:
using System;
namespace
CustomException
{
///
<summary>
///
Summary description for CustomException
///
</summary>
public class
CustomException : ApplicationException
{
// private members
// defines the severity level of the Exception
private
SeverityLevel severityLevelOfException ;
// defines the logLevel of the Exception
private
LogLevel logLevelOfException ;
// System Exception that is thrown
private
Exception innerException ;
// Custom Message
private string
customMessage ;
///
<summary>
///
Public accessor of customMessage
///
</summary>
public string
CustomMessage
{
get {return this
.customMessage; }
set {this.customMessage = value
; }
}
///
<summary>
///
Standard default Constructor
///
</summary>
public
CustomException( )
{ }
///
<summary>
///
Constructor with parameters
///
</summary>
///
<param name="severityLevel"></param>
///
<param name="logLevel"></param>
///
<param name="exception"></param>
/// <param name="customMessage"></param>
public CustomException( SeverityLevel severityLevel , LogLevel logLevel, Exception exception, string
customMessage)
{
this
.severityLevelOfException = severityLevel ;
this
.logLevelOfException = logLevel ;
this
.innerException = exception ;
this
.customMessage = customMessage ;
}
}
}
One advantage of creating a custom Exception class is that the Constructor can be enabled to writing to a Log on instantiation of the CustomException Object using TraceListeners. The entry to the log would be based on the logLevel. This would force - write an entry each time the custom Exception is thrown.
Thus we have a customException which could be thrown in the catch - handlers of system - defined exceptions.
Step 3:
For implementing the CustomMessage component , create an Exception.resx File that would host the error string and the corresponding message string as key-value pair.
Ex. "Test", "Testing Error"
Step 4:
Add to project a CustomMessage.cs class File. This File would look in the following way:
using System.Threading;
using
System.Resources;
using
System.Reflection;
namespace
CustomException
{
///
<summary>
///
Summary description for CustomMessage.
///
</summary>
public class
CustomMessage
{
public
CustomMessage()
{
}
public string GetString(string
key)
{
// Create a resource manager to retrieve resources.
ResourceManager rm = new
ResourceManager("Exceptions", Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly());
// Get the culture of the currently executing thread.
// The value of ci will determine the culture of
// the resources that the resource manager retrieves.
CultureInfo ci = Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture;
// Retrieve the value of the string resource and return it
String str = rm.GetString(key, ci);
return
str ;
}
}
}
The GetString() of the CustomMessage class is used to retrieve the value string corresponding to the key passed as parameter from the Exceptions resource File.
Usage
a) Add to existing Solution a Test Windows Applications Project.
b) Add the References to both the CustomException and the Enumerators projects.
c) Write a function which would throw a system exception , encapsulated in a try-catch block as follows :
private void Updater()
{
try
{
int
i = 0;
int
j = 8 ;
int
k= j/i;
}
catch
(Exception ex)
{
SeverityLevel severityLevel = SeverityLevel.Critical;
LogLevel logLevel = LogLevel.Debug;
CustomMessage customMessage =
new
CustomMessage();
throw new
CustomException.CustomException( severityLevel,logLevel,ex.InnerException,customMessage.GetString("Test"));
}
}
d) In the Catch Block , re-throw the Exception as a CustomException
e) On a button_click event handler add the following code :
private void buttonTest_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
try
{
this
.Updater();
}
catch
(CustomException.CustomException ce)
{
MessageBox.Show(ce.CustomMessage);
}
}
Conclusion
The above is one of the several methods of implementing Custom Exceptions in C#. Another method would be using Application Blocks. Yet another method would be specifically defining all the Application Exceptions as separate classes and using them.
Article Extensions
Contents added by Javier Castanos on Sep 18, 2013
Greats!
Susan Abraham
Susan Abraham is currently working for Wipro Technologies and have about 2.5 years of Experience.
COMMENT USING
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Our objective is to develop a Protease Chain Reaction technology (ProCR) that will enable ultra- sensitive and highly-quantitative detection of cancer markers. The basic element of a protease chain reaction is a protease-inhibitor complex. The protease is inactive when bound to the inhibitor but, once freed, is capable of cleaving the inhibitor and releasing additional free protease. A trace of free protease initiates the chain reaction and eventually causes the release of all protease from the inhibitory complex. The lag time preceding the full release of protease is determined by the initial concentration of free protease. The Phase I project developed a first-generation of self-amplifying complexes that form the core of the ProCR detection technology. All Phase I milestones were significantly exceeded. In Phase II we will develop powerful molecular sensors based on self- amplifying complexes. A sensor consists of three elements: 1) a sensing element that responds to the presence of an analyte;2) the processing/computational element that amplifies and quantifies the signal from the detection element;and 3) the transducer element that produces an optical signal. Through this combination, extremely sophisticated enzymatic sensors will be built to detect cancer markers. Accordingly the three experimental Aims are to: 1) Engineer sensing elements;2) Engineer enhanced processing/computational elements;and 3) Engineer signaling components. Fundamentally, a protein chain reaction is a powerful analogue computer with two key characteristics that greatly facilitate the detection of target molecules. 1) It can convert th concentration of a specific target molecule into a time signature. 2) It can create enormous signal amplification, analogous to the amplification of DNA by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Thus detection is enabled because the final observable signal produced by a target molecule can be very large and the time lag until onset of the signal is precisely correlated with the concentration of target molecule. The long term goal is to develop protease-inhibitor complexes as enzymatic nano-processors which can be combined to detect multiple signals and to control output with multiple logic gates.
Public Health Relevance
The development of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology demonstrated the extraordinary power of harnessing an enzyme to perform novel, programmable reactions. Our objective is here to develop an analogous protease chain reaction technology (ProCR) which will enable ultra-sensitive molecular detection. The long term goal is to improve cancer detection and prevention by enabling accurate quantitation of multiple, low abundance molecular markers.
Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Type
Small Business Innovation Research Grants (SBIR) - Phase II (R44)
Project #
2R44CA163403-03
Application #
8592669
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-OTC-H (13))
Program Officer
Rahbar, Amir M
Project Start
2011-09-19
Project End
2016-06-30
Budget Start
2013-07-10
Budget End
2014-06-30
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2013
Total Cost
$651,553
Indirect Cost
Name
Potomac Affinity Proteins, LLC
Department
Type
DUNS #
193771347
City
North Potomac
State
MD
Country
United States
Zip Code
20878
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User:AlSiev/sandbox
HISTORY:
LNG shipping first became a possibility in 1959 when the Methane Pioneer, a converted WWII freighter safely transported Liquefied Natural Gas into the United Kingdom. After proving that LNG can be safely transported across the ocean, the LMG shipping industry boomed and now employs 200 billion dollars annually in capita. Since the start of the LNG industry in 1964, international trade has increased 50 times over, production capacity has increased 10 times over, and individual ship capacity has increased 5 times over. The LNG tanker design was initially created by Worm’s and Co. This design is now referred to as the Gaz Transport Design. The tanks were initially created to hold 34,000 cubic meters, but the design has transformed into 71,500 cubic meters. Spherical LNG tanks showed up in 1973, when Hoegh built the Norman Lady. Spherical tanks are common among modern LNG vessels.
In 1999, Samsung Heavy Ind. created the largest New Membrane-type LNG carrier of its time. She was the largest single hull vessel of her time, with a length of 278.8 meters, and the capability of 20.7 knots.
The Artic Princess, delivered in 2006, was the largest LNG tanker ever created. She is 288 meters long, and has a capacity of 147,000 cubic meters.
Technology:
Samsung’s Supreme was a Mark-III type LNG container ship that was the largest of its kind. The Supreme had the newest technology seen in LNG ships. She features tanks completely surrounded by double bottom hull, and a cofferdam between tanks. Each tank stores its cargo at -163 degrees Celsius. This is a standard storage temperature for LNG This is accomplished by 250 mm of insulation, and a 1.2 mm thick stainless steel membrane. Each cargo tank has submerged centrifugal pumps to unload cargo rapidly. This is the standrard unloading method for LNG tanks. The maximum draught for LNG ships is typically 12 meters. This is due to harbor facilities sizes and restrictions. The most common size of LNG vessels ranges between 120,000 and 180,000 cubic meters because of ship dimensions. (Propulsion Trends in LNG Carriers Two-stroke Engines, 2017).
The two common types of LNG carriers are Moss and Membrane. Moss type carriers feature spherical tanks to hold LNG, while Membrane style carriers feature more traditional rectangular style tanks with a stainless-steel membrane. Membrane tankers are more common because they are smaller than moss ships for the same amount of LNG fuel carried, but they create more boil-off gas than Moss style ships.
A study by MEC Intelligence found said that LNG will be the primary fuel source for all merchant ships within 40 years. Many companies have already begun looking at the process of switching their fleets over to LNG propulsion systems.
LNG vessel propulsion systems typically come equipped with WHRs, because they can lead to reduced emmisions, reduced fuel consumption, and better efficiency. Switching to LNG powered vessels is a complicated task for companies, but combines with modern Waste Heat Reduction systems (WHRs), LNG vessels can be more efficient than diesel or steam propelled vessels.
Heat loss of standard combustion engine:
Environmental issues:
In general, the benefits behind the use of LNG largely outweigh the potential risks. With constantly increasing emissions controls, an efficient and affordable solution is always in demand. Natural gas in relatively clean, when compared to Diesel and HFO.
Using LNG cuts carbon emissions by approximately 25 percent. It reduces Sulfur Oxides by nearly 100 percent, and it reduces Nitrogen Oxide emission by about 85 percent.
On current, non-LNG vessels, approximately 50 percent of heat created by combustion is ejected back into the environment. This is a significant loss of heat and efficiency. LNG vessels come equipped with WHR (waste heat reduction) systems. The purpose of a WHR system is to eliminate heat sent back into the environment.
There are typically four main areas for heat loss that can be addressed in order to see efficiency increases from an LNG vessel. The primary contributor is heat loss from exhaust gasses. This contributes to approximately 25.5% of the total heat loss. Heat loss from Jacket water contributes to 5.2% of heat lost. Heat lost from lubrication oil contributes to 2.9% heat loss, and heat loss in the air cooler for the turbocharger contributes to 16.9% of lost heat.
The initial expenses of switching to LNG ships is countered over time by the rise in efficiency and a reduction in fuel consumption.
Propulsion:
Steam turbines are exclusively the primary moving source for LNG ships, even though 2-stroke diesel engines are more efficient. This is because the boil-off gas from LNG needs to be utilized.
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WIKI
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Long-Term Side Effects of Uribel: Unveiling the Hidden Risks
Long-Term side effects of Uribel, It is a commonly prescribed medication used to alleviate the symptoms of urinary tract discomfort, such as pain and urgency. While it can provide much-needed relief in the short term, patients often wonder about the “Long-Term side effects of Uribel”. In this article, we will delve into the potential long-term side effects of this medication and what patients should be aware of.
Understanding Uribel
Before we explore its long-term effects, let’s first understand what Uribel is and how it works. Uribel is a combination of four medications: methenamine, sodium phosphate, phenyl salicylate, and hyoscyamine sulfate. It is primarily used to relieve pain, burning, and urgency caused by urinary tract infections and other urinary conditions.
How Uribel Works
Uribel works by exerting its effects on the urinary tract. Methenamine and sodium phosphate help to prevent the growth of bacteria in the urine, which can be beneficial for those with recurrent urinary tract infections. Phenyl salicylate provides pain relief, while hyoscyamine sulfate relaxes the muscles of the urinary tract, reducing urgency and discomfort.
Short-Term Benefits of Uribel
Before delving into the potential long-term side effects, it’s important to highlight the short-term benefits of using Uribel. Patients often experience relief from symptoms like burning and urgency within a short period of time after taking the medication. This can significantly improve their quality of life during an episode of urinary discomfort.
Potential Long-Term Side Effects of Uribel
While Uribel can offer short-term relief, some patients may be concerned about the possible long-term side effects associated with its use. It’s essential to discuss these concerns with a healthcare provider, as they can vary from person to person. Here are some potential long-term side effects to be aware of:
1. Tolerance Development
Over time, some individuals may develop a tolerance to Uribel. This means that the medication may become less effective in providing relief from urinary discomfort. If tolerance develops, your healthcare provider may need to adjust your treatment plan.
2. Anticholinergic Effects
Uribel contains hyoscyamine sulfate, which has anticholinergic properties. Long-term use of anticholinergic medications can lead to side effects such as dry mouth, constipation, and blurred vision. Patients should report any of these symptoms to their healthcare provider.
3. Gastrointestinal Issues
Some patients may experience gastrointestinal problems like stomach pain or upset stomach as a result of taking Uribel over an extended period. It’s essential to inform your doctor if you encounter these issues.
4. Interaction with Other Medications
Uribel may interact with other medications you are taking. Long-term use of Uribel should be closely monitored to ensure it does not interfere with the effectiveness of other prescribed medications.
5. Potential for Dependency
In rare cases, patients may develop a psychological dependency on Uribel, believing that they cannot function without it. This should be discussed with a healthcare provider if it becomes a concern.
BUY URIBEL
Conclusion
In conclusion, Uribel can provide effective short-term relief for urinary discomfort, but patients should be aware of potential long-term side effects. It is essential to consult with a healthcare provider regularly to monitor the medication’s efficacy and address any concerns or side effects that may arise.
FAQs
1. Can I take Uribel indefinitely?
The duration of Uribel use should be determined by your healthcare provider based on your specific condition. It is not typically recommended for long-term use.
2. How can I minimize the risk of side effects from Uribel?
To minimize the risk of side effects, take Uribel exactly as prescribed by your doctor and communicate any unusual symptoms promptly.
3. Are there alternative treatments to Uribel for urinary discomfort?
Yes, there are alternative treatments available, and your healthcare provider can discuss these options with you.
4. Can Uribel be taken with other medications?
Uribel may interact with other medications, so it’s essential to inform your doctor of all the medications you are taking.
5. Is it safe to stop taking Uribel suddenly?
You should never stop taking Uribel abruptly without consulting your healthcare provider. They will provide guidance on how to discontinue the medication safely.
Author
by
• Daniel B
I loved to write about body building, fitness, Health and Yoga. Life is too short to handle all the hurdles at once.
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Richard B. Merrill
Richard Billings Merrill (1949–2008), a.k.a. Dick Merrill, was an American inventor, engineer, and photographer.
Merrill was born in New York City, the son of Dr. Frederick Hamilton Merrill and Joan Williams Merrill. He was the adoptive grandson of Richard Billings (son of Frederick H. Billings), and the grandson of Norman Williams of the family that donated the library in Woodstock, Vermont.
He was married in 1996 to Sengchanh (Seng) Phomphanh. They made their home in Woodside, California.
Merrill earned a master's degree in electrical engineering from Dartmouth College, and worked for National Semiconductor from 1980.
He was a founder of Foveon in 1997, and worked there until his death from cancer in 2008. He invented the "vertical color filter" technology of the Foveon X3 sensor that is at the heart of the novel digital cameras sold by Sigma Corporation (the SD9, SD10, SD14, DP1, DP2 and DP3).
Merrill's vertical color filter invention was originally based on a triple-well CMOS DRAM process. He later refined the idea using multiple epitaxially grown silicon layers for each of the vertically stacked color-detecting photodiodes.
Merrill shared the Royal Photographic Society's Progress Medal in 2005 with Dick Lyon and Carver Mead for the development of the Foveon X3 technology. Shortly before his death in 2008, he received the Kosar Memorial Award, "for significant contributions to an unconventional photographic system," from the Society for Imaging Science and Technology.
According to Carver Mead, Merrill was "the most creative engineer I have ever met." Merrill explained his inventive process this way, "There's a lot you can get in this world just by looking for symmetry, looking for patterns;" and "Look for a technological trend in one area and apply it to another."
On February 8, 2012, Merrill was honored by business partner Sigma Corporation by renaming Sigma's flagship DSLR SD1 to SD1 Merrill. Sigma SD1 utilizes the latest Foveon image sensor.
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WIKI
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Oil & Gas Deals Are Tanking. The World’s Top M&A Law Firm Has Been Here Before
(Bloomberg) -- Kirkland & Ellis spent a decade building a billion dollar-plus energy and infrastructure business and becoming the top legal adviser for US oil and gas deals. It was perfectly placed to benefit from Donald Trump’s “drill, baby, drill” agenda.
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Then, the US president’s global trade war tanked the price of crude and stifled transactions in the country’s oil patch, which are down by more than 40% this year, Bloomberg-compiled data show. Kirkland has also found itself among firms caught up in the US government’s attacks on big law.
With Brent crude hovering around $65 a barrel, Kirkland is looking at other corners of the energy industry, as well as adjacent areas, to help plug the gap. It’s notched some big wins this year, including working on one of the largest deals of 2025: Constellation Energy Corp.’s near-$30 billion takeover of power station operator Calpine Corp.
Diversifying away from fossil fuel clients has become more pressing for Kirkland after multiple consolidation waves in the sector reduced the number of listed drillers and pipeline operators the firm can tap.
“It’s kind of a dwindling business from a public company perspective,” partner Sean Wheeler said. “It’s kind of incumbent upon us to try to expand our remit a bit.”
Kirkland’s energy and infrastructure business generated about $1.5 billion last year, or roughly 15% of group revenue, people familiar with the matter said—with the US being the main engine. That figure is up from just $30 million in 2014, when Kirkland first arrived in Houston.
The firm is seeking more of a foothold in mergers and acquisitions internationally and, for many at the firm, the story of its foray into the heartland of American oil provides a blueprint for how it might try to conquer new markets.
A Complete Unknown
Back in the spring of 2014, there were plenty of reasons to be skeptical about Kirkland’s efforts to break into energy M&A. Founded in Chicago in 1909, the firm had long been an established player in Washington, DC and on Wall Street, but was a completely unknown entity in Texas, where law firms like Vinson & Elkins and Baker Botts dominated.
The handful of Kirkland lawyers who landed in Houston to launch the firm’s energy practice already had return tickets to Chicago in their pockets in case things didn’t work out.
“People around town would ask ‘who is Kirkland? What are you guys doing?’,” recalls Kyle Watson, a partner at the firm who was among the first on the ground in the Lone Star state and is still based there.
To help fix that, Kirkland poached Andrew Calder from Simpson Thacher & Bartlett in Houston and tasked him with leading the build out. A Scotsman with a thick accent, Calder brought strong connections to the likes of Blackstone Inc. and KKR & Co. and had a track record of advising leading energy companies.
On his watch, Kirkland prioritized hiring local talent to show it wasn’t just, as Calder puts it, “a bunch of guys with funny accents that were hard chargers and only wanted to do private equity.” Those early recruits included Will Bos from Vinson & Elkins and David Castro from Baker Botts.
Shortly after opening a 1,000 square foot office in Houston, Kirkland booked the late county singer Jerry Jeff Walker — best known for his 1968 song ‘Mr. Bojangles’ — to perform at an event at the annual North American Prospect Expo. The concert was designed to announce the firm’s arrival on the scene.
“I was so nervous,” says Calder, 46. “We were, like, is anybody going to show up?”
They did, and Kirkland was soon advising on deals for new buyout clients, as well as strategic players such as C&J Energy Services Inc. The small group of Houston attorneys would ask colleagues in New York to chip in as they jumped from one transaction to the next.
“There was no time to take a breath,” said Watson. “You were just trying to get deal done, get deal done, get deal done.”
What Kirkland didn’t envisage was that M&A in the sector would halve in 2015, as excess oil supply sent crude prices crashing. Bankruptcies ensued and, overnight, the firm found itself in demand because of its reputation as a restructuring specialist. Weil Gotshal & Manges, another prominent adviser in distressed situations, had left an opening by scaling down its presence in Texas.
Bonanza Creek Energy Inc., Energy Future Holdings Corp. and Midstates Petroleum Co. were among those that came knocking. Some remained clients of Kirkland and kept the firm on speed dial when M&A work returned.
“Good timing played a big part in that initial success,” said Justin Stolte, a partner at Latham & Watkins — one of Kirkland’s main rivals in US energy dealmaking. “But from that point forward they made their own luck.”
US energy deals slowly began climbing, and hit a new record in 2018. By then, Kirkland was a top three adviser in the sector when measured by number of transactions and was branching out, working on more infrastructure deals as private equity firms sought out ways to benefit from a transition to cleaner forms of energy.
It was also still hiring lawyers, with the promise of a fast-track to partner: Associates typically enter Kirkland’s non-equity partnership after six years, assuming leadership roles that competitors would make available later.
Wheeler, a public company attorney, agreed to join Kirkland in the summer of 2018 from Latham. He’s since brought in multibillion-dollar deals from the likes of Marathon Oil Corp., ONEOK Inc. and others.
“Kirkland is pretty entrepreneurial,” said David Foley, a Blackstone senior managing director and a long-time client. “They evaluate stuff and if they decide that it’s a good business and a growing one, and they’re not in it, they can make decisions to really commit the firm’s capital to hire top-notch talent.”
‘Dog Fight’
Kirkland hit the top of the legal advisory rankings for US energy deals by value for the first time in 2022, Bloomberg-compiled data show. It slipped back to eighth the following year after missing out on the mammoth Exxon Mobil-Pioneer and Chevron-Hess deals, before reclaiming the number one spot in 2024 thanks to its role advising local giant Marathon on its roughly $23 billion takeover by ConocoPhillips.
At the most recent NAPE summit in February, Kirkland partners no longer needed to worry whether anyone would show up. This year, the firm handed out neckties emblazoned with oil-related motifs — instantly recognizable to longtime attendees of the expo. For years, rival Vinson & Elkins had given away the same promotional swag, with oil execs sometimes wearing them in television interviews as an insider nod to the event.
Vinson retired the neckties during the pandemic as fewer people donned formal officewear, but Kirkland decide to bring them back. The line to grab one was longer than the queue for a neighboring stall, which was giving away free cigars.
“It’s a dog fight down here, it really is,” said Calder. “So far, we’ve been on the right side of it.”
Both Kirkland’s energy and transactional groups fall under the purview of Calder, who sits on Kirkland’s 20-person executive committee and helps Chairman Jon Ballis run the firm together with other equity partners. Ballis and his lieutenants often reach key decisions through informal conversations, rather than via committee meetings — an approach that insiders say allows Kirkland to move quickly in competitive situations.
In May, Kirkland poached a group of lawyers from Skadden Arps Slate Meagher & Flom after putting together an offer in just 24 hours. “Time is the enemy of all deals and this is our kind of deal,” Ballis said of the hires.
Kirkland’s energy and infrastructure division now houses roughly 550 staff spread across the US and beyond. Public companies account for around 30% of its energy dealflow, according to people familiar with the matter, who asked not to be identified discussing confidential information.
In some ways, Kirkland has become a victim of its own success in Houston. In a close-knit industry town, the firm can sometimes find itself facing a tough choice of whether to work for a strategic or private equity client in an M&A situation. And picking up more mandates in areas like infrastructure and industrials can be more of a challenge from Texas, according to Wheeler.
“There is a bit of a marketing issue for us when trying to expand into different sectors,” he said. “People see you in Houston, they think all you know how to do is drill well.”
Kirkland’s Houston crew has picked up some other big mandates away from pure-play oil and gas this year, advising Brookfield Infrastructure Partners LP on its $9 billion acquisition of fuel pipeline company Colonial Enterprises Inc. and helping Blackstone Infrastructure on its $11.5 billion purchase of New Mexico utility owner TXNM Energy Inc.
Growth outside of the US has been harder to come by, despite efforts to capture more international business with new hires and offices abroad. Although the top law firm for deals globally, Kirkland ranked eighth for legal advice on transactions outside the US last year, Bloomberg-compiled data show; in the energy and industrials sectors, it wasn’t in the top 10. Calder cites the Middle East and China as regions where the firm might look to do more.
What happens next at Kirkland is likely to be overseen by someone other than Ballis, who, at 56, is nearing the age of 60 at which the firm expects partners to start winding down and relinquish seats on its executive committee. Calder is considered a strong contender to succeed him, people familiar with the matter said, with litigation partner Andrew Kassof another name that regularly comes up.
Ballis has some words of advice for running the firm.
“You just keep waiting to see where’s the ball bouncing and we keep running with it,” Ballis said. “As long as it keeps bouncing the right way.”
--With assistance from Alex Tribou.
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Talk:Penaeus monodon
Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 14 January 2019 and 29 April 2019. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Khix15. Peer reviewers: Lauren ku, Mkelly3856.
Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 06:20, 17 January 2022 (UTC)
Untitled
Pictures, please? -Iopq 00:23, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
"Is it OK to eat tiger prawns?"
I direct editors to the above news article from The Guardian for possible inclusion in this Wikipedia article. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:11, 19 December 2009 (UTC)
WikiProject Food and drink Tagging
This article talk page was automatically added with WikiProject Food and drink banner as it falls under Category:Food or one of its subcategories. If you find this addition an error, Kindly undo the changes and update the inappropriate categories if needed. The bot was instructed to tagg these articles upon consenus from WikiProject Food and drink. You can find the related request for tagging here. Maximum and careful attention was done to avoid any wrongly tagging any categories, but mistakes may happen... If you have concerns, please inform on the project talk page -- TinucherianBot (talk) 02:16, 4 July 2008 (UTC)
Should article be moved?
Should this article be moved to Giant tiger prawn or Asian tiger shrimp to better comply with WP:COMMONNAME? --Bensin (talk) 13:40, 15 November 2014 (UTC)
Bleu's Peer Review
Good solid start to your article. Would like to see more information about the reproductive strategies if possible. Really interesting addition of information about the presence in aquaculture and Greenpeace. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Brivel9501 (talk • contribs) 03:35, 26 February 2019 (UTC)
Peer Review
Good lead.
Description section is good.
On distribution section,I would start your sentence with the species name again, not "its" so that if someone skips directly to that section they know exactly what the subject of the sentence is.
In the sustainable consumption section try to paraphrase what Greenpeace says instead of using direct quotes.
Might want to try and find a few journal articles for sources to strengthen your reference section.
Lauren ku (talk) 03:11, 3 March 2019 (UTC)
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WIKI
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Lately I’ve been playing with Orion, the fantastic Meteor based CMS. The way Orion builds on top of aldeed:collection2 and aldeed:autoform to create an incredibly flexible and powerful CMS is inspiring.
One feature I wanted out of Orion was the ability to have data from the dictionary be accessible from within an entity. For example, I wanted to keep a list of Categories in Orion’s dictionary and associate each Article entity with one of these categories. After doing a little digging, I found a way to accomplish this.
I’ve created a gist to show off this functionality. The key lines of code are shown below:
allowedValues: function() {
return orion.dictionary.collection.findOne()['categories'];
},
autoform: {
options: function() {
return orion.dictionary.collection.findOne()['categories'].map(function(value) {
return {
value: value,
label: value
};
});
}
}
When setting up your entity’s attributes, you’ll need to add custom allowedValues and autoform functions. The allowedValues function returns the possible string values that can be saved into this field. These values are pulled from the categories field of the dictionary document. autoform is used to build the select options presented to the user. In this case, we’re using the category string as both the value and the label.
Interestingly, if allowedValues is not a function, it will build the options automatically. However, if allowedValues is a function, the dropdown will be empty. We need to explicitly specify a autoform.options function to build our options for us. I haven’t looked into what’s causing this.
These are issues with this approach. If a user creates an article with a certain category, but then deletes that category from the dictionary, the article will still hold the deleted value in its category field. When that article is edited in Orion, the category field will be blank. I’m hoping to spend a little more time in the future to address these issues and dig deeper into this kind of Orion functionality.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Viesīte Parish
Viesīte Parish (Viesītes pagasts) is an administrative unit of Jēkabpils Municipality in the Selonia region of Latvia. It was created in 2010 from the countryside territory of Viesīte town. At the beginning of 2014, the population of the parish was 704.
Towns, villages and settlements of Viesīte parish
* Eķengrāve
* Jodeļi
* Vārnava
* Viesīte - parish administrative center
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WIKI
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User:Gaurav singh khati
i. c. engine the first internal combusion engine is made in 1858 by 'Etienne Lenoir'.
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WIKI
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Langston Hughes is a person who wishes to encourage others to achieve more and become better than they are. His primary audience consisted of African Americans. However, because he was allowed to write about what he wanted, his work has been cited as an influence by many other poets and writers including Maya Angelou, Cheryl Clarke, and Robert Hayden.
In the poem, Langston Hughes attempts to do three things: first, he tries to explain what racism is. Second, he wants to show that not all white people are racist but rather most of them are simply ignorant. Last, he hopes to inspire in his readers the same sense of ambition that he feels.
Racism is defined as "the belief that all members of a group belong to one single race which is distinguished from other races by its skin color." (Hughes 1937, page 1). This definition explains that racism is a belief shared by many people that certain races are superior to others because of their skin color. However, it should be noted that this definition does not explain why some people believe in this idea or how old this belief is.
Langston Hughes believes that racism has existed since the beginning of time but that it has become much worse over time due to the actions of humans.
Langston Hughes was an African American writer whose poetry, articles, novels, and plays catapulted him to prominence during the 1920s Harlem Renaissance. Hughes used his pen to express the concerns of the black community during an era when discrimination based on race and class were major issues.
He published several books of poems during his lifetime and after his death in 1930, they became classics of their time. His work has been widely influential and continues to influence writers today.
Hughes was born into a family with strong literary connections: His father was a minister who moved his congregation to Kansas City, Missouri, where he served as pastor of a predominantly white church; his mother wrote stories for children. When Langston was eight years old, the family returned to Virginia, where his father took over the ministry of a small black church in Roanoke. During this time, Hughes learned to read and write at home before going to school, where he was educated by private tutors. He showed an early interest in literature and writing and often copied poems and stories from newspapers and magazines.
At age 16, while still a student at Allen Collegiate Institute in New York City, Hughes worked as a copywriter for the newspaper publisher E. W. Scripps.
Langston Hughes was a key player in the Harlem Renaissance, a flowering of black intellectual, literary, and creative life that occurred in a number of American cities, notably Harlem, in the 1920s. Hughes was a prominent poet who also authored novels, short tales, essays, and plays. His work focused on African-American experiences and culture, and became instrumental in shaping modern conceptions of race within the United States.
The term "Harlem Renaissance" is used to describe an explosion of artistic creativity by African-Americans in New York City between the years 1914 and 1929. Prominent artists and performers from this era include Augusta Savage, William H. Johnson, Elizabeth Catlett, Charles Alston, Oliver Hardy, Eugene Lee Ellis, and James Weldon Johnson. The movement received national attention when it was documented by white photographers, writers, and artists who were fascinated by the urban culture of Harlem.
Hughes was born into slavery in Alabama in 1871. After the Civil War, his family moved to Washington, D.C., where he attended public schools and Howard University. There, he met several influential figures from black society including W. E. B. Du Bois, Henry Louis Gates Jr., and Georgia Douglas Johnson. In 1902, he traveled to Paris, France, where he studied literature and art at the prestigious Académie Julian.
Hughes, Langston Langston Hughes was one of the first African Americans to earn a career purely as a writer during his lifetime as the "Poet Laureate of Harlem" in the 1920s. Hughes is most recognized for his poems. He did, however, write plays, novels, a plethora of nonfiction works, and even an opera. His work reflects the social concerns of his time including racism, segregation, and the struggle for civil rights.
Hughes was born into slavery in 1868 in Joplin, Missouri. After slavery, the family moved to Texas, then back to Missouri, and finally to New York City. Langston attended Columbia University, but left after two years to pursue a writing career. He published his first collection of poems, The Weary Blues, in 1923. Two years later, he was appointed by Mayor John H. Johnson as the "Poet Laureate of Harlem," a position that lasted until 1928. In that time, he wrote many more poems as well as several books including a novel, a play, and an opera.
Langston Hughes died in 1930 at the age of 46. He is best known for his poems which have been included in many school literature programs throughout the world.
Some other famous writers who came from Harlem include: Zora Neale Hurston, Alice Walker, Diana Ross, and Oprah Winfrey.
Harlem is also the name of a large neighborhood in New York City.
The Harlem Renaissance's 9 Most Important Figures
The Harlem Renaissance had a big impact on me when I was a kid in the 1920s. "I had read Langston Hughes poetry as early as the age of eleven." I met Margaret Walker Alexander in the fall of 1970, when I taught my first class at Jackson State University. She was one of my students; she wanted to be a writer too. We've been friends ever since.
Harlem Renaissance poets were very popular during this time period. They wrote about their experiences with racism and other social issues like segregation and poverty. Some famous poets from this era include Langston Hughes, Duke Ellington, and Jean Toomer. All three of these men have had an influence on me throughout my career. Hughes inspired me to write about my own experiences with racism and other social issues like segregation and poverty. He also helped me find confidence in myself as a black man by showing me that it is possible to be successful at writing and publishing poems. Duke Ellington encouraged me to keep creating music even though it may not be accepted by everyone. And last but not least, Jean Toomer showed me that it is important to look beyond race and see people for who they are rather than what color their skin is or where they came from. These men have influenced me through their work but they also influenced others through their work. This era of American literature is called the Harlem Renaissance because so many famous writers were part of this movement.
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FINEWEB-EDU
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User:Cjensen~enwikivoyage/project/hotelmaker/Ohio
Akron or Akron (Ohio)
* Best Western Executive Inn of Akron, 2677 Gilchrist Road, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Best Western Inn & Suites, 160 Montrose West Avenue, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Courtyard Akron Montrose, 100 Springside Drive, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Fairfield Inn & Suites Akron South, 1025 Interstate Parkway, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Holiday Inn, 4073 Medina Rd, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Motel 6 Akron North, 99 Rothrock Road, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Residence Inn Akron, 120 Montrose West Avenue, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Alliance (Ohio)
* Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites, 2341 West State St., +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Amherst (Ohio)
* Motel 6 Cleveland-Lorain/Amherst, 704 North Leavitt Road, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Ashland (Ohio)
* Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites, 1392 Enterprise Parkway, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Ashtabula or Ashtabula (Ohio)
* Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites, 1831 Austinburg Rd, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Athens (Ohio)
* Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites, 555 East State Street, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Avon (Ohio)
* Fairfield Inn & Suites Cleveland Avon, 39050 Colorado Avenue, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Beachwood or Beachwood (Ohio)
* Courtyard Cleveland Beachwood, 3695 Orange Place, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Toll-free: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Fairfield Inn & Suites, 3750 Orange Place, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Beavercreek or Beavercreek (Ohio)
* Courtyard Dayton Beavercreek, 2777 Fairfield Common, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Residence Inn Dayton Beavercreek, 2779 Fairfield Commons, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Blue Ash or Blue Ash (Ohio)
* Candlewood Suites, 10665 Techwoods Circle, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Crowne Plaza, 5901 Pfeiffer Road, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Courtyard Cincinnati Blue Ash, 4625 Lake Forest Drive, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites, 4660 Creek Road, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Residence Inn Cincinnati Blue Ash, 11401 Reed Hartman Highway, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* TownePlace Suites Cincinnati Blue Ash, 4650 Cornell Road, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Boardman or Boardman (Ohio)
* Holiday Inn, 7410 South Ave (mckay Dr), +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Youngstown/Boardman Microtel Inn, 7393 South Avenue, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Bowling Green (Ohio)
* Best Western Falcon Plaza, 1450 E Wooster Street, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites, 2150 Wooster Street, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Brookpark or Brookpark (Ohio)
* Holiday Inn Express, 16330 Snow Rd, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Brookville or Brookville (Ohio)
* Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites, 95 North Parkview Drive, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Bucyrus or Bucyrus (Ohio)
* Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites, 1575 North Sandusky Ave, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Caldwell or Caldwell (Ohio)
* Best Western Caldwell Inn, 44128 Fairground Road, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Toll-free: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Cambridge (Ohio)
* Best Western Cambridge, 1945 Southgate Pkwy, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Ramada, 2248 Southgate Parkway, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Canton (Ohio)
* Canton Marriott McKinley Grand Hotel, 320 Market Avenue South, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Fairfield Inn Canton, 5285 Broadmoor Circle NW, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Residence Inn Canton, 5280 Broadmoor Circle NW, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Celina or Celina (Ohio)
* Holiday Inn Express, 2020 Holiday Dr., +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Centerville (Ohio)
* Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites, 5655 Wilmington Pike, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Chillicothe or Chillicothe (Ohio)
* Baymont Inn, 1003 East Main St., +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Best Western Adena Inn, 1250 N Bridge Street, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Cincinnati or Cincinnati (Ohio)
* Best Western Clermont, 4004 Williams Drive, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Best Western Mariemont Inn, 6880 Wooster Pike, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Fairfield Inn & Suites Cincinnati Eastgate, 4521 Eastgate Boulevard, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Holiday Inn, 4501 Eastgate Blvd., +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites, 130 W Mitchell Ave, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Kingsgate Marriott Conference Hotel at University of Cincinnati, 151 Goodman Drive, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Toll-free: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Motel 6 Cincinnati - Beechmont, 3960 Nine Mile Rd, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Motel 6 Cincinnati Central - Norwood, 5300 Kennedy Avenue, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Residence Inn Cincinnati North/Sharonville, 11689 Chester Road, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* SpringHill Suites Cincinnati Northeast, 9365 Waterstone Blvd., +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* TownePlace Suites Cincinnati Northeast, 9369 Waterstone Boulevard, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Circleville or Circleville (Ohio)
* Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites, 23911 Us Rt 23 South, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Cleveland or Cleveland (Ohio)
* Best Western Airport Inn & Suites, 16501 Snow Road, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Cleveland Airport Marriott, 4277 West 150th Street, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Toll-free: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Cleveland Marriott Downtown at Key Center, 127 Public Sq., +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Crowne Plaza Hotel, 777 St. Clair Avenue, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Holiday Inn, 780 Beta Drive, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Holiday Inn, 4181 West 150th St, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites, 629 Euclid Avenue, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Holiday Inn Select, 1111 Lakeside Avenue, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, . NOTE: Hotel scheduled to become a Doubletree in December 2008.
* InterContinental, 9801 Carnegie Avenue, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* InterContinental, 8800 Euclid Avenue, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Renaissance Cleveland Hotel, 24 Public Square, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Toll-free: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Residence Inn Cleveland Beachwood, 3628 Park East Drive, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Residence Inn Cleveland Downtown, 527 Prospect Avenue, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Residence Inn Cleveland Westlake, 30100 Clemens Road, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* SpringHill Suites Cleveland Solon, 30100 Aurora Road, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Columbus or Columbus (Ohio)
* Best Western Clarmont Inn & Suites, 650 S High Street, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, . Hotel appears to no longer be part of the Best Western chain (SC-5/08).
* Best Western Columbus North, 888 E Dublin-Granville Road, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Best Western Franklin Park Suites - Polaris, 2045 Polaris Pkwy, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Best Western Port Columbus, 1450 Airpointe Drive, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Best Western Suites, 1133 Evans Way Ct, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Toll-free: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Candlewood Suites, 8515 Lyra Drive, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Candlewood Suites, 590 Taylor Rd, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Columbus (Worthington) Microtel Inn, 7500 Vantage Drive, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Columbus Airport Marriott, 1375 N Cassady Avenue, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Toll-free: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Columbus Marriott North, 6500 Doubletree Avenue, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Toll-free: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Columbus West Microtel Inn & Suites, 5655 Feder Road, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Courtyard Columbus Airport, 2901 Airport Drive, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Courtyard Columbus Downtown, 35 West Spring Street, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Courtyard Columbus Easton, 3900 Morse Crossing, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Courtyard Columbus West, 2350 Westbelt Drive, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Toll-free: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Courtyard Columbus Worthington, 7411 Vantage Drive, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Crowne Plaza Hotel, 33 East Nationwide Blvd., +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Doubletree Hotel, 175 Hutchinson Ave, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Fairfield Inn & Suites Columbus OSU, 3031 Olentangy River Road, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Fort Rapids Indoor Waterpark Resort, 4560 Hilton Co, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Hawthorne Suites, 5505 Keim Circle, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Holiday Inn, 175 East Town St., +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Holiday Inn Express, 1221 E Dublin Granville Rd, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Holiday Inn Express, 701 E. Hudson Street, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Holiday Inn Express, 4530 West Broad Street, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites, 4041 Hamilton Square Blvd, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Holiday Inn Hotel & Suites, 750 Stelzer Road, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Motel 6 Columbus - OSU, 750 Morse Rd, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Motel 6 Columbus - Worthington, 7474 N High St, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Motel 6 Columbus East, 5910 Scarborough Blvd, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Motel 6 Columbus North, 1289 E. Dublin-Granville Rd, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Motel 6 Columbus West, 5500 Renner Rd, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Residence Inn Columbus Easton, 3999 Easton Loop West, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Residence Inn Columbus North at the Continent, 6191 Zumstein Drive, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Residence Inn Columbus Southeast, 2084 South Hamilton Road, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Residence Inn Columbus Worthington, 7300 Huntington Park Drive, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* SpringHill Suites Columbus West, 4393 Roberts Road,.
* Staybridge Suites, 2890 Airport Drive, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* The Columbus, A Renaissance Hotel, 50 North 3rd Street, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* TownePlace Suites Columbus Airport Gahanna, 695 Taylor Road, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* TownePlace Suites Columbus Worthington, 7272 Huntington Park Drive, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Dayton or Dayton (Ohio)
* Courtyard Dayton North, 7087 Miller Lane, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Crowne Plaza Hotel, 33 East Fifth Street, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Dayton Marriott, 1414 S. Patterson Boulevard, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Toll-free: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Fairfield Inn Dayton North, 6960 Miller Lane, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Fairfield Inn Dayton South, 8035 Washington Village Drive, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Holiday Inn Hotel & Suites, 2455 Dryden Road, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, . No longer Holiday Inn. Might be called Hotel Pure.
* Motel 6 Dayton North, 7130 Miller Ln, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Ramada Plaza, 2301 Wagner Ford Rd, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Residence Inn Dayton North, 7070 Poe Avenue, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* SpringHill Suites Dayton South/Miamisburg, 7305 Springboro Pike, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Defiance or Defiance (Ohio)
* Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites, 1148 Hotel Drive, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Dublin (Ohio)
* Columbus Marriott Northwest, 5605 Paul G. Blazer Memorial Parkway, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Courtyard Columbus Dublin, 5175 Post Road, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Residence Inn Columbus Dublin, 435 Metro Place South, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Staybridge Suites, 6095 Emerald Parkway, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Elyria (Ohio)
* Best Western Inn, 636 Griswold Road, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Holiday Inn, 1825 Lorain Blvd, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Englewood (Ohio)
* Best Western Dayton Northwest, 20 Rockridge Road, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Holiday Inn, 10 Rockridge Rd, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Motel 6 Dayton Airport - Englewood, 1212 S Main St, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Fairborn or Fairborn (Ohio)
* Best Western Wright Patterson, 800 N Broad Street, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Toll-free: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Fairfield Inn Dayton Fairborn, 2500 Paramount Place, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Hawthorne Suites, 730 East Xenia Drive, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Holiday Inn, 2800 Presidential Dr, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Fairfield (Ohio)
* Holiday Inn Express, 6755 Fairfield Business Center Dr, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Findlay or Findlay (Ohio)
* Fairfield Inn Findlay, 2000 Tiffin Avenue, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Hawthorne Suites, 2355 Tiffin Avenue, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites, 941 Interstate Dr., +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* TownePlace Suites Findlay, 2501 Tiffin Ave., +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Forest Park or Forest Park (Ohio)
* Best Western Cincinnati West Inn & Suites, 11967 Chase Plz, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Fostoria or Fostoria (Ohio)
* Best Western Fostoria Inn & Suites, 1690 N County Line Street, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Toll-free: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Franklin (Ohio)
* Best Western Regency Inn, 6475 Culbertson Road, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Fremont (Ohio)
* Clarion Inn & Conference Center, 3422 Port Clinton Rd, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Gahanna or Gahanna (Ohio)
* Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites, 460 Waterbury Court, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* SpringHill Suites Columbus Airport Gahanna, 665 Taylor Road, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Gallipolis or Gallipolis (Ohio)
* Holiday Inn, 577 State Rt 7 North, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Girard or Girard (Ohio)
* Holiday Inn, 1620 Motor Inn Drive, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, . Hotel is no longer a Holiday Inn.
Greenville (Ohio)
* Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites, 1195 Russ Road, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Grove City (Ohio)
* Best Western Executive Inn, 4026 Jackpot Road, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Columbus/Grove City Microtel Inn, 1800 Stringtown Road, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites, 3951 Jackpot Rd, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Motel 6 Columbus South, 1900 Stringtown Road, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Harrison (Ohio)
* Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites, 10906 New Haven Road, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Heath or Heath (Ohio)
* Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites, 773 Hebron Rd., +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Hilliard or Hilliard (Ohio)
* Motel 6 Columbus - Hilliard, 3950 Parkway Ln, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Holiday City or Holiday City (Ohio)
* Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites, 13399 State Hwy 15, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Holland (Ohio)
* Courtyard Toledo Airport Holland, 1435 East Mall Drive, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Residence Inn Toledo Airport Holland, 6101 Trust Drive, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Hubbard or Hubbard (Ohio)
* Best Western Penn-Ohio Inn & Suites, 6828 Commerce Drive, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Huber Heights or Huber Heights (Ohio)
* Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites, 5612 Merily Way, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Hudson (Ohio)
* Clarion Inn & Conference Center, 240 East Hines Hill Road, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Huron or Huron (Ohio)
* Huron (Cedar Point) Microtel Inn & Suites, 601 Rye Beach Road, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Independence (Ohio)
* Courtyard Cleveland Independence, 5051 West Creek Road, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Holiday Inn, 6001 Rockside Rd, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Residence Inn Cleveland Independence, 5101 West Creek Road, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Kent (Ohio)
* Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites, 1215 Sanctuary View Drive, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Lancaster (Ohio)
* Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites, 1861 Riverway Drive, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Lima (Ohio)
* Fairfield Inn Lima, 2179 Elida Road, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Holiday Inn, 803 South Leonard Ave., +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Howard Johnson, 1920 Roschman Ave., +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Motel 6, 1800 Harding Hwy, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Logan (Ohio)
* Holiday Inn Express, 12916 Grey St, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
London (Ohio)
* Holiday Inn Express, I-70 & Hwy 42, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Macedonia (Ohio)
* Motel 6 Cleveland East-Macedonia, 311 E. Highland Rd, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Mansfield (Ohio)
* Fairfield Inn Ontario Mansfield, 1065 N Lexington Springmill Road, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Holiday Inn Hotel & Suites, 116 Park Ave West, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Marietta (Ohio)
* Best Western Marietta, 279 Muskingum Drive, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Holiday Inn, 701 Pike St, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Marion (Ohio)
* Fairfield Inn Marion, 227 Jamesway, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites, 1842 Marion-mt. Gilead Road, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Marysville (Ohio)
* Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites, 411 Allenby Drive, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Mason (Ohio)
* Best Western Inn & Suites, 2793 Water Park Drive, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Cincinnati (Mason-Kings Island) Microtel Inn & Suites, 5324 Beach Blvd, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Cincinnati Marriott Northeast, 9664 Mason Montgomery Road, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Maumee or Maumee (Ohio)
* Courtyard Toledo Maumee/Arrowhead, 415 Dussel Drive, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Fairfield Inn Toledo Maumee, 521 West Dussel Dr, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Medina (Ohio)
* Holiday Inn Express, 2850 Medina Road, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, . Now called Executive Inn & Suites.
* Motel 6 Cleveland - Medina, 3122 Eastpointe Drive, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Mentor or Mentor (Ohio)
* Best Western Lawnfield Inn and Suites, 8434 Mentor Avenue, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites, 5785 Heisley Road, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Motel 6 Cleveland - Mentor, 7677 Reynolds Road, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Motel 6 Cleveland Northeast - Mentor, 8370 Broadmoor Rd, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Residence Inn Cleveland Mentor, 5660 Emerald Court, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Miamisburg or Miamisburg (Ohio)
* Courtyard Dayton South/Mall, 100 Prestige Place, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Holiday Inn, 31 Prestige Plaza Dr, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Motel 6 Dayton - Miamisburg, 8101 Springboro Pike, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Residence Inn Dayton South/Mall, 155 Prestige Place, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Middleburg Heights or Middleburg Heights (Ohio)
* Courtyard Cleveland Airport/South, 7345 Engle Road, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Motel 6 Cleveland - Middleburg Heights, 7219 Engle Road, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Residence Inn Cleveland Airport, 17525 Rosbough Drive, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* TownePlace Suites Cleveland Airport, 7325 Engle Road, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Middletown (Ohio)
* Fairfield Inn Middletown, 6750 Roosevelt Parkway, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Holiday Inn Express, 6575 Terhune Drive, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Milan (Ohio)
* Motel 6 Sandusky - Milan, 11406 US 250 North, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Milford (Ohio)
* Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites, 301 Old Bank Road, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Mount Gilead or Mount Gilead (Ohio)
* Best Western Executive Inn, 3991 County Road 172, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Mount Orab or Mount Orab (Ohio)
* Best Western Mt. Orab Inn, 100 Leininger Street, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Mount Vernon (Ohio)
* Holiday Inn Express, 11555 Upper Gilchrist Rd, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Napoleon or Napoleon (Ohio)
* Best Western Napoleon Inn & Suites, 1290 Independence Drive, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Toll-free: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites, 590 Bonaparte Dr, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
New Paris or New Paris (Ohio)
* Fairfield Inn Richmond, 9797 US 40 West, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
New Philadelphia or New Philadelphia (Ohio)
* Holiday Inn, 131 Bluebell Drive S.W., +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, . Hotel is to be rebuilt as a Holiday Inn Express.
* Motel 6, 181 Bluebell Dr SW, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Newark (Ohio)
* Courtyard Newark Granville, 500 Highland Blvd., +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Newton Falls or Newton Falls (Ohio)
* Holiday Inn Express, 4185 State Route 5, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
North Canton or North Canton (Ohio)
* Best Western North Canton, 6889 Sunset Strip Avenue NW, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Toll-free: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Canton/North Canton Microtel Inn & Suites, 7046 Sunset Strip Ave., +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Holiday Inn, 4520 Everhard Rd Nw, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Motel 6 Canton, 6880 Sunset Strip Ave NW, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
North Lima or North Lima (Ohio)
* Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites, 10111 Market Street, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
North Olmsted or North Olmsted (Ohio)
* Candlewood Suites, 24741 Country Club Blvd, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Courtyard Cleveland Airport/North, 24901 Country Club Boulevard, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Toll-free: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
North Ridgeville or North Ridgeville (Ohio)
* Motel 6 Cleveland Intl. Airport - N. Ridgeville, 32751 Lorain Road, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Norwalk or Norwalk (Ohio)
* Best Western Norwalk, 351 Milan Avenue, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Toll-free: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Oakwood Village or Oakwood Village (Ohio)
* Holiday Inn Express, 23303 Oakwood Commons, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Oregon (Ohio)
* Holiday Inn Express, 3154 Navarre Ave, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Oxford (Ohio)
* Best Western Sycamore Inn, 6 E Sycamore Street, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Toll-free: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Holiday Inn, 75 South Main St, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Painesville or Painesville (Ohio)
* Renaissance Quail Hollow Resort, 11080 Concord-Hambden Road, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Toll-free: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Perrysburg or Perrysburg (Ohio)
* Best Western Executive Inn, 27441 Helen Drive, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Holiday Inn, 10630 Fremont Pike, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Holiday Inn Express, 10621 Freemont Pike, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Pickerington or Pickerington (Ohio)
* Best Western Executive Suites- Columbus East, 1899 Winderly Ln, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Toll-free: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites, 13300 Reynoldsburg-baltimore, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Poland (Ohio)
* Fairfield Inn Youngstown Boardman/Poland, 7397 Tiffany South, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Residence Inn Youngstown Boardman/Poland, 7396 Tiffany South, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Port Clinton or Port Clinton (Ohio)
* Best Western Port Clinton, 1734 E Perry Street, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Fairfield Inn Port Clinton, 3760 East State Road, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites, 50 Ne Catawba Rd, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Portsmouth (Ohio)
* Holiday Inn Express, 5100 Old Scioto Trail, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Reynoldsburg
* Fairfield Inn & Suites Columbus East, 2826 Taylor Road S.W., +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Riverside or Riverside (Ohio)
* Dayton/Riverside Microtel Inn, 4500 Linden Ave., +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Rossford or Rossford (Ohio)
* Courtyard Toledo Rossford/Perrysburg, 9789 Clark Drive, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Toll-free: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Sandusky or Sandusky (Ohio)
* Best Western Cedar Point Area, US 6 - 1530 Cleveland Road, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Fairfield Inn & Suites Sandusky, 6220 Milan Road, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Maui Sands Resort, 5513 Milan Road, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Seville (Ohio)
* Hawthorne Suites, 5025 Park Avenue West, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Sharonville or Sharonville (Ohio)
* Holiday Inn, 3855 Hauck Rd, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites, 11160 Dowlin Drive, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Motel 6 Cincinnati - Sharonville, 2000 E Kemper Rd, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Motel 6 Cincinnati North, 3850 Hauck Rd, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Sidney (Ohio)
* Quality Inn, 400 Folkerth Avenue, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Springboro or Springboro (Ohio)
* Comfort Inn, 15 Sharts Rd, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Springfield (Ohio)
* Courtyard Springfield Downtown, 100 South Fountain Avenue, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Fairfield Inn Springfield, 1870 West First Street, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Holiday Inn, 383 East Leffel Lane, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
St. Clairsville or St. Clairsville (Ohio)
* Fairfield Inn & Suites Wheeling/St. Clairsville, OH, 67731 Mall Road, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites, 51654 National Road, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Steubenville or Steubenville (Ohio)
* Holiday Inn, 1401 University Blvd, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, . Hotel is in the process of becoming a Best Western.
Stow or Stow (Ohio)
* Courtyard Akron Stow, 4047 Bridgewater Parkway, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Streetsboro or Streetsboro (Ohio)
* Cleveland/Streetsboro (Geauga Lake) Microtel Inn & Suites, 9371 State Route 14, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Fairfield Inn Cleveland Streetsboro, 9783 State Route 14, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Toll-free: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites, 9459 State Route 14, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* TownePlace Suites Cleveland Streetsboro, 795 Mondial Parkway, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Toll-free: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Strongsville or Strongsville (Ohio)
* Holiday Inn Select, 15471 Royalton Rd., +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Motel 6 Cleveland - Strongsville, 15385 Royalton Road, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Sunbury or Sunbury (Ohio)
* Holiday Inn Express, 7301 East State Route 37, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Tiffin or Tiffin (Ohio)
* Holiday Inn Express, 78 Shaffer Park Drive, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Tipp City or Tipp City (Ohio)
* La Quinta Inn & Suites, 19 Weller Drive, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Toledo (Ohio)
* Motel 6, 5335 Heatherdowns Boulevard, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Troy (Ohio)
* Best Western Luxbury Inn, 1375 W State Route 55, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, . * NO longer BW
* Fairfield Inn Dayton Troy, 83 Troy Town Center Drive, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites, 60 Troy Town Drive, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Residence Inn Dayton Troy, 87 Troy Town Drive, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Uhrichsville or Uhrichsville (Ohio)
* Best Western Country Inn, 111 W McCauley Drive, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Van Wert or Van Wert (Ohio)
* Comfort Inn, 840 N.Washington St, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Vermilion or Vermilion (Ohio)
* Holiday Inn Express, 2417 State Route 60, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Wadsworth or Wadsworth (Ohio)
* Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites, 231 Park Centre Drive, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Wapakoneta or Wapakoneta (Ohio)
* Holiday Inn Express, 1008 Lunar Drive, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Warren (Ohio)
* Fairfield Inn Warren Niles, 1860 Niles-Cortland Road SE, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites, 135 Highland Terrace Blvd., +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Warrensville Heights or Warrensville Heights (Ohio)
* Cleveland Marriott East, 26300 Harvard Road, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Toll-free: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Wauseon or Wauseon (Ohio)
* Best Western Del Mar, 8319 State Highway 108, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Toll-free: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites, 8135 State Route 108, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
West Chester (Ohio)
* Cincinnati Marriott North, 6189 Mulhauser Road, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Holiday Inn Express, 8567 Cincinnati-dayton Rd., +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Staybridge Suites, 8955 Lakota Drive West, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Westlake or Westlake (Ohio)
* Courtyard Cleveland Westlake, I-90 and Columbia to 25050 Sperry Drive, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Holiday Inn, 1100 Crocker Rd, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* TownePlace Suites Cleveland Westlake, 25052 Sperry Drive, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Wickliffe or Wickliffe (Ohio)
* Ramada Plaza Cleveland East, 28600 Ridgehills Dr, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Willoughby or Willoughby (Ohio)
* Courtyard Cleveland Willoughby, 35103 Maplegrove Road, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Motel 6, 35110 Maplegrove Road, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Wilmington (Ohio)
* Holiday Inn, 123 Gano Road, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Holiday Inn Express, 155 Holiday Dr., +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Wooster or Wooster (Ohio)
* Best Western Wooster Plaza, 243 E Liberty, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Xenia or Xenia (Ohio)
* Holiday Inn, 300 Xenia Towne Square, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Youngstown or Youngstown (Ohio)
* Best Western Meander Inn, 870 N Canfield Niles Road, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Fairfield Inn & Suites Youngstown Austintown, 801 North Canfield Niles Road, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
Zanesville or Zanesville (Ohio)
* Fairfield Inn Zanesville, 725 Zane Street, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>, Fax: +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
* Ramada Inn, 4645 East Pike, +1<PHONE_NUMBER>,.
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WIKI
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Page:Journal of botany, British and foreign, Volume 34 (1896).djvu/462
430 MB. F. C. S. ROPER. Freeman Clarke Samuel Roper, who died at Palgrave House, Eastbourne, on July 28th last, in his seventy-seventh year, was born at Hackney on Sept. 23rd, 1819. He was educated at the Hackney Grammar School, but entered business at a very early age, from which he retired, as the senior member of his firm, in 1874. During the many years that he lived in London, Mr. Roper took a keen interest in scientific pursuits, first in geology, and later in microscopy. In 1868 he took up his residence at Eastbourne, and during the later years of his life he devoted himself almost exclusively to botany. f'^ U 1 1 ! J 1 1 1 "-mi w i ,v»C Twenty-six papers stand under his name in the Royal Society's Catalogue up to 1883, and others were published by him subse- quently to that date. A glance through their titles shows that Mr. Roper had a general interest in natural history. His earliest papers deal with the Diatovmcea, of which he published numerous new species in the Journal of the Microscopical Society for 1854 and 1858. In these plants Mr. Roper was specially interested ; he had a large and valuable collection, which he bequeathed to the Department of Botany of the British Museum — a useful addition to the magnificent series alrealy there. After settling at Eastbourne, he took up the study
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WIKI
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7 Up-and-Coming Cryptos to Keep an Eye on in May 2023
InvestorPlace - Stock Market News, Stock Advice & Trading Tips
Up-and-coming cryptos to buy are arguably even more speculative than the crypto sector overall. For example, the cryptos to buy listed below could fall or they could rise but whichever way they go, they’re likely to move in big jumps. So, anyone from casual observers to crypto investors seeking risk might find this article of interest. These are emerging names in crypto for the most part. Potential rug pulls may exist. Again, beware. A few well-known names show up as well and have clear upside potential with less overall risk.
PEPE-USD Pepe Coin $0.000000159
AIDOGE-USD ArbDoge AI $0.0000000003
MATIC-USD Polygon $0.87
GRT-USD The Graph $0.1233
XRP-USD XRP. $0.468
INJ-USD Injective $6.54
NMR-USD Numeraire $14.08
Cryptos to Buy: Pepe (PEPE-USD)
Source: Chinnapong / Shutterstock
Pepe (PEPE-USD) continues the tradition of meme coins that became well entrenched during the pandemic with Dogecoin (DOGE-USD). Pepe the Frog first emerged in a 2005 comic called Boy’s Club. By 2015, Pepe the Frog had become one of the most recognizable memes. It also became associated with alt-right movement. Creator Matt Furie sued organizations in connection with that use. The symbol was also used in the Hong Kong protests whic Furie welcomed.
In any case, Pepe is among the most well-known meme characters. Pepe coin however, is very new having been released in mid-April 2023. The, after 10 days of relative quiet, PEPE took off surging by 5,700% from initial coin offering (ICO) to May 5.
That means the hypothetical investor who speculatively invested $100 in PEPE at ICO has $5,800 a few weeks later. PEPE has since fallen back down but maintains a market capitalization of $555 million. Since PEPE trades in much the same way that DOGE and SHIB do, don’t be surprised to see big gains and equally rapid losses as it finds its base over the coming months.
Cryptos to Buy: ArbDoge AI (AIDOGE)
Source: Chinnapong / Shutterstock
ArbDoge AI (AIDOGE-USD) is another one of the most interesting cryptos to buy that’s gaining a lot of investor attention. It was released via airdrop April 15 and promptly increased in value by 1,000% by the beginning of May.
As enticing as those figures may seem, AIDOGE remains highly suspicious as an investment. Early reports suggest that withdrawal of AIDOGE in UNISWAP may be impossible. So those massive gains may be a false flag if there is indeed little to no liquidity. If these reports are indeed true then expect further reports of individuals whose capital remains locked up and gains inaccessible.
ArbDoge AI trades for $0.00000000029 at the time of writing. That equates to a 210% return since its ICO. Certainly very impressive when compared to stock market numbers but highly suspicious given the liquidity concerns. Tread lightly because there’s a reasonable chance that the usage of ‘AI’ and ‘Doge’ were done to drum up demand substantiated by nothing.
Cryptos to Buy: Polygon (MATIC-USD)
Source: Shutterstock
Polygon (MATIC-USD) is much better known than the previous entrants on this list. It gained notoriety early in the pandemic and went parabolic in price moving from 2 cents to $3 in 2021. That movement was catalyzed by Polygon’s utility in Ethereum (ETH-USD) scaling.
Ethereum scaling simply means increasing the speed at which transactions occur through the Ethereum platform. Ethereum is the dominant network executing smart contracts as a non-centralized authority. Although ETH quickly cornered the smart contract market and dominates blockchain it remains slow. Transaction speeds continue to be slow even following ‘the Merge’.
That means Polygon and its Z rollup chains should again be relevant at some point. Z rollup chains act faster and cost less in fees than ETH thereby increasing ETH’s usability. MATIC currently trades for $0.84 making it relatively inexpensive for investors who want to speculate for the potential quick returns. Yet, at the same time, MATIC isn’t trading at fractions of a penny as so many purely speculative vehicles do.
The Graph (GRT)
Source: Shutterstock
The Graph (GRT-USD) is a project that holds promise that is easy to understand once you understand a little bit about the project. It allows developers to access blockchain data without relying on centralized intermediaries, for one. That opens all kinds of possible developmental use cases generally.
And two, The Graph uses AI to query and index data ina fast, efficient manner. It combines decentralized blockchain data access and AI which is bound to attract a lot of attention as the combination of the two suggests massive growth potential. The Graph’s application programming interfaces (APIs) are being used to build DApps with social, governance, defi, and marketplace utility. Theoretically, the AI aspect of The Graph makes its potential exponentially greater. Practically, we don’t know whether that will actually materialize.
But The Graph trades for 11 cents so like many other early-stage, speculative cryptos, investors can control a lot for a relatively small amount of money.
XRP (XRP-USD)
Source: Shutterstock
XRP (XRP-USD) is perhaps the most important up-and-coming crypto for the month of May. Ripple is expected to prevail in its court battle against the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) alleging that Ripple offered its XRP coin as a security.
A judgment will happen but no one knows when exactly. Instead, the current expectation is that Ripple will prevail and prevail some time soon. If and when XRP is declared to have been a token all along, it will rise in price dramatically. That has investors giddy with excitement at easy to capture returns. Those same investors also wonder just how strong those returns could be.
Prognostication from late last year set that price range being as high as $3.84. XRP currently costs $0.41 making the potential upside appealing. Quick gains are a near certainty. It’s likely a matter of waiting patiently for what is expected to be a win for Ripple. The question is whether those quick gains will remain or quickly dissipate as traders liquidate their positions following a judgment to turn paper gains into real world gains.
Injective (INJ-USD)
Source: Wit Olszewski / Shutterstock.com
On the one hand, Injective (INJ-USD) bothers me for the same reason so much f the crypto space bothers me: The project description is filled with jargon and references to obscure projects like CosmWasm that do nothing for its credibility.
On the other hand, Injective is being developed with finance applications in mind. Real-world utility is going to mint real-world millionaires over time in the crypto space. There is no way that over the long run that the likes of Dogecoin will mint more millionaires than the Cardanos of the crypto world.
So, Injective, although relatively unproven, continues to hold a lot of promise throughout May and over the long term. The DApps being built on Injective cover things like lending, derivatives exchanges, and prediction markets among others. All of which have common utility in the transaction of real money. And the shuffling of digital dollars will be as profitable as the shuffling of rela dollars has been.
Numeraire (NMR-USD)
Source: Shutterstock
Numeraire (NMR-USD) is an up-and-coming crypto to keep an eye on for many of the same reasons as Injective. The platform is designed to host tournaments where data scientists create models for financial markets.
Again, financial and economic use cases hold massive promise overall for the development of blockchain and are a reasonable focal area for investors.
If Numeraire successfully builds a platform where teams of data scientists compete to create the best financial market models using blockchain, it will become wildly valuable. Imagine a Shark Tank scenario in which promising AI applications are judged on their merits and receive funding and resources for further development.
At the same time, Numeraire has existed since 2015 and has thus far been used for the creation of machine learning models and the improvement of their predictive reliability. The token is currently being used to reward data scientists whose models perform well in stock market-based trading competitions. The idea is that tokens reward those who can provide winning strategies into its machine learning database to improve predictive models for the markets.
On Low-Capitalization and Low-Volume Cryptocurrencies:
InvestorPlace does not regularly publish commentary about cryptocurrencies that have a market capitalization less than $100 million or trade with volume less than $100,000 each day. That’s because these “penny cryptos” are frequently the playground for scam artists and market manipulators. When we do publish commentary on a low-volume crypto that may be affected by our commentary, we ask that InvestorPlace.com’s writers disclose this fact and warn readers of the risks.
Read More: How to Avoid Popular Cryptocurrency Scams
On the date of publication, Alex Sirois did not have (either directly or indirectly) any positions in the securities mentioned in this article. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the writer, subject to the InvestorPlace.com Publishing Guidelines.
Alex Sirois is a freelance contributor to InvestorPlace whose personal stock investing style is focused on long-term, buy-and-hold, wealth-building stock picks.Having worked in several industries from e-commerce to translation to education and utilizing his MBA from George Washington University, he brings a diverse set of skills through which he filters his writing.
The post 7 Up-and-Coming Cryptos to Keep an Eye on in May 2023 appeared first on InvestorPlace.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Caching strategies
Caching Strategies
One of the easiest and most popular ways to increase system performance is to use caching. When we introduce caching, we automatically duplicate our data. It's very important to keep your cache and data source in sync (more or less, depends on the requirements of your system) whenever changes occur in the system.
In this article, we will go through the most common cache synchronization strategies, their advantages, and disadvantages, and also popular use cases.
Cache-Aside
Based on my experience, this one is perhaps the most commonly used caching strategy. The idea is that the cache sits on the side and the application talks to both the cache and the data source. The application logic inspects the cache before hitting the data source.
Aside-Cache Diagram
Here's what's happening on request:
1. The application determines whether the item is currently held in the cache.
2. If the item is in the cache it's called cache hit. The item is read from the cache and returned to the client.
3. If the item is NOT found in the cache it's called cache miss. The application reads the item from the data store, stores a copy of the item in the cache, and returns it back to the client.
Use Cases
A cache-aside strategy is usually a general purpose and works best for read-heavy workloads.
Pros
1. Systems using cache-aside strategy are resilient to cache failures. If the cache goes down, the system can still operate by going directly to the data source.
Cons
1. Implementing the cache-aside pattern doesn't guarantee consistency between the data store and the cache. Do guarantee this we need to use other strategies to update or invalidate caches.
2. When the data is requested the first time, it always results in the cache miss and requires the extra time of loading data the cache. To deal with this developers use 'warming' or 'pre-heating' the cache by issuing queries manually.
Read-Through
Instead of managing both the data source and the cache, we can simply delegate the data source synchronization to the cache provider. All data interaction is done through the cache abstraction layer.
Both cache-aside and read-through load data lazily only on the first read.
Read-Through Diagram
Use Cases
Read-through caches work best for read-heavy workloads when the same data is requested many times.
It's very similar to cache-aside strategy, but there is difference:
In cache-aside, the application is responsible for fetching data from the data store and populating the cache. In read-through, this logic is supported by the library or cache provider.
Pros
1. Decrease load on the data source when there are a lot of reads, because cache provider can sync access to cache keys, so in the end we will have only one cache miss.
2. Systems using read-through strategy can also be resilient to cache failures. If the cache goes down, the cache provider can still operate by going directly to the data source.
Cons
1. When the data is requested the first time, it always results in the cache miss and requires the extra time of loading data the cache. To deal with this developers use 'warming' or 'pre-heating' the cache by issuing queries manually.
2. Just like cache-aside, data can also become inconsistent between cache and the data source.
Write-Through
Analogous to the read-through data fetching strategy, the cache provider can update the underlying data source every and cache entry on update request. The cache sits in-line with the data source and writes always go through the cache to the data source (or vice versa).
Write-Through Diagram
Use Cases
On its own, write-through doesn't seem to do much. In fact, it introduces extra write latency because data is written to the cache and to the data source. But when paired with the read-through, we get all the benefits of read-through and we also get data consistency guarantee, freeing us from using cache invalidation techniques.
Pros
1. Advanced data consistency guarantee.
Cons
1. Increased write latency.
Write-Behind
If strong consistency is not mandated, we can simply enqueue the cache changes and periodically flush them to the data store.
Write-Behind Diagram
Use Cases
Write-behind improves the write performance and is good for write-heavy workloads. When combined with read-through, it works well for mixed workloads, where the most recently updated and accessed data is always in cache.
Pros
1. It's resilient to data source failures and can tolerate some data source downtime.
2. If batching or coalescing is supported, it can reduce overall writes to the data source, which decreases the load and reduces costs.
Cons
1. If there's a cache failure, the data may be lost permanently.
Some developers use Redis for both cache-aside and write-back to better absorb spikes during peak load. And also most relational databases storage engines (i.e. InnoDB) have write-back cache enabled by default in their internals. Queries are first written to memory and eventually flushed to the disk.
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Is there any source to show that this is the same song as "Hangèd I Shall Be" which appears on the 1973 album Battle of the Field by UK folk rock band Albion Country Band? Thanks. Martinevans123 (talk) 21:44, 22 June 2017 (UTC)
* I guess all is explained here. The key seems to be Ekefield town, wherever that was? Martinevans123 (talk)
* Lots of sources, including this one. It goes by many names, but the core lyrics/story are the same. Fences & Windows 17:15, 23 June 2017 (UTC)
* Many thanks, User:Fences and windows. Martinevans123 (talk) 17:56, 23 June 2017 (UTC)
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Hillsborough, )
March 5, 1912.
Bowditch & a. v. Jackson Co. & a.
The authority of a majority of the stockholders to dissolve a private corporation depends solely upon the agreement between the incorporators, and not upon any powers granted by the state.
A majority in interest in a private business corporation have implied authority to sell all the corporate jxroperty for an adequate price and effect a dissolution of the company, when in the fair and honest exercise of their judgment they conclude that such course will be advantageous to the shareholders.
Where a majority of the stockholders of a private corporation vote to sell all its property and to accept therefor stock in the purchasing company, with a provision that any shareholder who so elects may receive payment in cash, their action is not invalid on the ground that it infringes the original agreement by embarkation in a new business, nor because it constitutes a purchase of the stock of the vendee corporation and is ultra vires for that reason.
An agreement whereby three fourths of the stock of a corporation is transferred to trustees, who arc to hold the same for one year, vote it in favor of a proposed sale of the corporate property, distribute the proceeds, and take necessary steps to wind up the company’s affairs, is not open to objection, when it appears that its execution will work no wrong to the corporation and confer no special benefit upon the shareholders who are party to the compact.
Where a charter provides that absent members of the corporation may be represented and vote at meetings by agents authorized in writing, a shareholder duly appointed may act as proxy for other shareholders. Action taken at a meeting of a corporation cannot be set aside because of illegal affirmative votes which did not affect the result.
A sale of all the effects of a corporation by a majority of the stockholders, for the purpose of dissolving the company and distributing its assets, is not a talcing of the property of the minority without their consent, but a proceeding authorized by the original agreement of the incorporators.
Minority stockholders of a corporation in process of dissolution are not entitled as matter of right to have the value of the corporate assets determined by public auction, instead of by private sale in accordance with a vote of the majority shareholders.
A court of equity will not interfere in the liquidation of the assets of a corporation by a majority in interest, unless it appears that the majority are assuming to exercise powers not conferred upon them, or are proceeding in a manner not authorized by law.
Where a sale of corporate property by a majority in interest is free from all taint of fraud or irregularity, a court of equity will'not interfere unless there be such inadequacy of price as to prove gross mismanagement; and in such case it. is incumbent upon the objecting shareholders to prove that the majority have been guilty of a violation of duty.
Bill in Equity, to enjoin a .sale of the assets of 'the Jackson Company to the Nashua Manufacturing Company. The plaintiffs are stockholders of the Jackson Company and allege in their bill that, through control exercised by common directors, the defendants were about to execute a conspiracy to sell the assets of the Jackson Company to the Nashua Company, for an inadequate price, payable in Nashua Company stock; that in furtherance of this conspiracy, the officers had procured the assent of the holders of 460 of the 600 shares of Jackson Company stock to a trust agreement whereby they were irrevocably bound for one year to vote for the sale; and that a meeting of the stockholders had been called to consider the proposed action. In the superior court, Wallace, C. J., ordered the injunction, but later so far modified it as to permit holding the meeting and passing the votes as to the sale, the same to be effective if the injunction was thereafter dissolved. The hearing on the merits was had before Plummer, J., who reported the facts and transferred the case without ruling from the May term, 1911, of the superior court.
In the fall of 1910, committees of the boards of directors of the two companies were appointed to consider the advisability of the sale and purchase. They reported recommending such sale on the basis of the Nashua Company paying in its own stock at the rate of one and a half shares of $500 par value for each share of Jackson Company stock of $1,000 par value. After this recommendation was made, holders of 446 shares of Jackson Company stock entered into a trust agreement whereby their stock was transferred to certain trustees to hold the same for one year, to vote it for the proposed sale, and to distribute the proceeds of the sale and take necessary steps to wind up the company. Aside from these particulars, the trustees were left free to exercise their judgment in voting the stock, but were to make no substantial change in the business or condition of the corporation, except as above specified.
After the injunction was modified, a meeting of Jackson Company stockholders was held, at which it was voted (subject to the injunction proceedings) to make the sale and wind up the company, to sell the stock of the Nashua Company not taken by Jackson Company stockholders, and to distribute the proceeds among them. At this meeting 490 shares were voted in favor of the sale and 104 against it. Of the 490 shares, 446 were voted by the trustees and the balance by individual holders or their proxies. The plaintiffs protested the legality of the action.
The market value of the Jackson Company stock has been and is $975 a share, and that of the Nashua Company stock, $650. After the sale was voted, a standing offer was secured from the American Trust Company of Boston to take the Nashua Company stock not taken by Jackson Company stockholders at $650 a share. The price to be paid to the JacksOn Company stockholders is adequate, and the proposed exchange of stock is equitable. The officers, directors, trustees, and attorneys who were engaged in promoting the sale have acted in good faith and for the best interests of both companies, according to the best of their judgment. All the terms of the proposed transaction are fair and equitable.
Tyler & Young (of Massachusetts), Remick, & Ilollis, Alexander Murchie, and Robert C. Murchie (Mr. Hollis orally), for the plaintiffs.
Peabody, Arnold, Batchelder & Luther (of Massachusetts) and Streeter, Demond & Woodworth (Mr. Demand orally), for the defendants.
Peaslee, J.
1. The main question in this case is whether a going business corporation can be closed out and dissolved upon the motion of the majority of its stockholders and against the protest of the minority. The question is a new one in this state, although it has frequently been considered (both in cases where it was necessarily involved and those where it was not) by the courts in other states. The decisions and dicta are conflicting and are quite evenly divided. In the following cases the existence of the power is denied, though in most of them the question was not necessarily involved: Abbot v. Rubber Co., 33 Barb. 578; People v. Ballard, 134 N. Y. 269; Kean v. Johnson, 9 N. J. Eq. 401; Forrester v. Mining Co., 21 Mont. 544. That the power exists is decided or declared in other cases: Treadwell v. Company, 7 Gray 393; Phillips v. Company, 21 R. I. 302; Black v. Canal Co., 22 N. J. Eq. 130, 404 (overruling Kean v. Johnson, 9 N. J. Eq. 401); Merchants etc. Line v. Waganer, 71 Ala. 581; State v. Company, 115 Tenn. 266; Tannery. Railway, 180 Mo. 1; Arents v. Company, 101 Fed. Rep. 338.
The only case in this state having a direct bearing upon the subject is Dow v. Railroad, 67 N. H. 1. In that case there was an attempt to change the business of the corporation; and while any expression of opinion on the question here involved was carefully avoided, yet the opinion of Chief Justice Doe contains an exhaustive and illuminating discussion of the nature of a corporation and the source of the power of the majority to act for it. The majority have the agency which in a partnership each partner possesses. Do they, in addition thereto, have the power each partner has to compel a dissolution? The corporation being an outgrowth of the law of partnership, it would be reasonable to expect that so important an incident to the joint undertaking as the right to terminate the enterprise would not be lost by the change in the form of the association. The fiction that the corporation is a being independent of those who are associated as its stockholders is not favored in this state. Dow v. Railroad, supra, 3. Decisions based upon the idea that there is something sacred in the life of an ordinary business corporation, so that action looking to its extermination is in the nature of a fraud upon the state (People v. Ballard, 134 N. Y. 269), are not authority in a jurisdiction where a different view of the nature of the association is entertained. The question is not one of power granted by the state. It relates solely to the agreement of individuals with each other.
Did the stockholders who united to form the Jackson Company in 1830 understand that the business must be continued perpetually, provided a profit could be made and some stockholder objected to closing it out, or did they understand that the enterprise could be brought to an end at such time as the majority believed to be for the best interest of all concerned? The latter seems the more reasonable and probable conclusion.
Much has been said in the cases upholding the right of the minority to prevent a sale and dissolution, concerning the protection of their rights and saving their property Crom pillage by the majority. Just how the majority, which sells its own property at the same time and for the same price it sells that of the minority, gains an advantage over the latter is not readily apparent. Cases might be supposed, and undoubtedly occur, where the majority do obtain some undue advantage from the sale. No one contends that such a sale is valid. But because the power of the majority may be abused, it does not follow that it does not exist. If such a conclusion were to be drawn, minorities would always rule. The plain common-sense of the matter is that this is a business venture, to be carried on as such so long as it appears to be good business judgment to do so. When the time comes that a majority in interest believe that their affairs should be wound up and the proceeds distributed, the rational rule is that this should be done. And since the question here is of a business nature, and the limitations of the power of the majority are fixed by the understanding of the business men who made the original compact, business considerations have more than ordinary weight in determining what the contract was.
It is admitted on all sides that the majority may sell out if the corporation is insolvent. And when brought face to face with the question whether they must wait until the stockholders' investment is all lost before taking action, the conclusion has been that if insolvency is imminent action may be taken. And the same is true if it is imprudent to continue. 4 Thoinp. Corp., s. 4489, and authorities cited. One reason only is given why the power exists in these cases: it is reasonable to suppose that such authority was contemplated, because this is what sound business judgment dictates should be done. The difference between these cases and the present one is of degree only, not of kind. The majority are not obliged to wait until all possibility that the corporation can go on longer has been negatived. Some of the cases have stated that such is the rule; but the result of this would be to compel the majority to continue a losing business until their investment was entirely wiped out. To avoid so absurd a result, it has been said they could close out when insolvency seemed to be approaching. And so various forms of expression have been used to indicate the time when the majority could take action. All these are fairly summed up in the statement that the majority may close out the affairs of the company when it can no longer make a reasonable profit. It is believed no court would now hold that the rights of the minority were more extensive than this rule implies.
If the majority may sell to prevent greater losses, why may they not also sell to make greater gains? Bearing in mind that this is purely a business proposition, with no public rights or duties involved, there seems to be no substantial difference between the two cases, as a matter of principle. In each case, the sale is made because it is of advantage to the stockholders. ' Whether the profit to be made is a reasonable one, must be a relative matter. Three per cent when others make two might be reasonable; but three per cent when a sale could be made which would yield the stockholder ten could hardly be thought an investment a reasonable person would retain. The loss to the stockholder by a failure to sell out on a basis which would yield him ten per cent instead of the three he is receiving is in fact much greater than it would be if a concern went on neither making nor losing when the investment would earn four per cent elsewhere. It does not seem reasonable that the majority should have power to make a sale in the latter case, and not in the former. In neither case would the sale prevent positive loss, but in each it would result in positive gain. And the question is ■ one of future prospects. Its decision requires the exercise of business judgment, sagacity, and powrer to forecast coming events. It is not an issue appropriate for trial and decision in courts, but rather one to be settled by the judgment of the men conducting the business in question. In a limited sense, the majority act as trustees for all the stockholders. When their acts are impugned by the minority, it is not the function of the court to set its judgment against theirs in settling the wisdom or policy of proposed action. By the contract of association, all questions of this nature were committed to the majority for final decision. Gamble v. Water Co., 123 N. Y. 91, 99.
The whole difficulty is probably an outgrowth of the early idea that a corporation possessed peculiar attributes of longevity and sanctity. But as pdinted out in Dow v. Railroad, 67 N. H. 1, 8, 26, no such theory prevails here. The business corporation is brought into being solely for the purpose of more conveniently carrying out the joint undertaking of the part owners. The line of distinction between this form of association and certain partnerships is but a shadowy one. Ib. 8. It is not reasonable or natural to expect that when this boundary is passed great changes in the relation of the parties will result. A more radical change than that here claimed could not easily be imagined. In the partnership, one partner may compel a winding up from mere whim. In the absence of an agreement to go on for a fixed period of time, nothing short of a fraudulent purpose will prevent his taking valid action to close out the firm at will. Fletcher v. Heed, 131 Mass. 312; Lind. Part.*570. By the rule here contended for, the change of the association into a corporation has carried the rule to the opposite extreme. The authority to wind up is lost, and the owner of the smallest share may prevent such action, though it is desired by all his associates. The practical reasons against such a proposition are apparent. The probabilities are opposed to the idea that the associates intended to enter into such a compact.
It is urged that the analogy of the partnership right does not apply, because the stockholder can sell his shares and so terminate his connection with a management with which he is dissatisfied. It is true he has this legal right; but it is not true that it is an adequate remedy, when a majority desire to retire from the business. The proposition is a practical one. It is not disposed of by offering to the majority a naked legal right the exercise of which will probably deprive them of a considerable share of their property. Partnerships are sometimes formed with transferable shares, but this does not impair the right to compel a dissolution. In the case of special or limited partnerships, the rule is that the general law of partnership applies unless modified by statute or special agreement. Tyrrell v. Washburn, 6 Allen 466. Accordingly it was held that where shares in the firm were transferable, and additional shares were issued from time to time, a partner who wished to retire could compel a dissolution and winding up of the firm. Ib. The fact that (as in a corporation) the dissatisfied owner could sell his shares, was not sufficient,to take away his right to other remedies.
The action taken by a majority of the stockholders of the Jackson Company whereby, as a part of the process of winding up the company, they voted to sell ail its property to the Nashua Company, was within the power impliedly given to them when the company was formed. The charges that there was fraud in the sale aiid that it was for an inadequate price have been disproved. Two other causes of complaint remain to be considered.
2. It is urged that because the payment for the property of the Jackson Company was to be made in stock of the Nashua Company,' therefore the sale was invalid, because the stockholder never agreed to embark in the Nashua Company’s business. It is not necessary to examine this question now. Assuming for the purposes of this decision that the position is well taken, its effect is avoided by the provision that a stockholder may have cash instead of Nashua stock. Arrangement having thus been made whereby any stockholder can receive his share of the proceeds of the company’s assets in money, his rights are not infringed by a stipulation (in the benefits of which he can share if he so elects) that stockholders may receive Nashua stock instead of money. Koehler v. Brewing Co., 228 Pa. St. 648.
The plaintiffs now suggest that the Trust Company option is not a sufficient guaranty that the cash will be paid to them. The defendants say that they procured the option as the befet available proof of their good faith in making the offer to pay cash to the dissenting stockholders. Until it was settled that the agreements were to be carried out, it would not be expected that the money to pay for the stock would be paid over, or deposited as security. It is assumed that this will now be done by the defendants, under such an order as to details of the transaction as the superior court may make, or the parties may agree upon.
The claim is also made that a purchase by the Jackson Company of Nashua Company stock is ultra vires and voidable. But__the subntanae^fThisJransaction is not a purchase of.stojck by the Jackson Company. That company is to be dissolved, andjn the process. of dissolution the proceeds of its property are to be divided among its shareholders. The Nashua Company pays 1585,000 for the” property. Those who desire to receive payment in stock can do so, and cash will be paid to those who do not wish to invest in the stock. So far as the Jackson Company takes the stock at all, it is merely to transfer it to those who elect to take it, or to sell it for the guaranteed price and pay the proceeds to those who wish to receive money instead of stock. If the form of the agreements and offers, taken as a whole, infringes the rule here invoked, the substance is not open to such objection. In such a case equity ought not to interfere.
3. The legality of the votes passed at the meeting'of the Jackson stockholders is questioned on account of the nature of the trust agreement under which the majority of the stock was then held, and because the trustees voted more than one eighth of the entire stock. While the decisions upon the first question are not entirely in accord, yet substantially all of them recognize that an agreement to vote stock in a certain way may be valid. The rule is well stated in the case chiefly relied upon by the plaintiffs. “If the transfer of the legal title to the stock is made and accepted under an agreement of the stockholder which deprives him of all power to direct the trustee, and all opportunity to exercise his own judgment in respect to the management of the affairs of the corporation, then whether the transaction is open to the objection of other stockholders, as depriving them of the right they have to the aid of their co-stockholders, must be dependent upon the purposes for which the trust was created and the powers that were conferred. If stockholders, upon consideration, determine and adjudge that a certain plan for conducting and managing the affairs of the corporation is judicious and advisable, 1 have no doubt that they may by powers of attorney, or the creation of a trust, or the conveyance to a trustee of their stock, so combine or pool their stock as to provide for the carrying out of the plan so determined upon. But if stockholders combine by either inode to entrust and confide to others the formulation and execution of a plan for the management of the affairs of the corporation, and exclude themselves, by acts made and attempted to be made irrevocable for a fixed period, from the exercise of judgment thereon, or if they reserve to themselves any benefit to be derived from such a plan to the exclusion of other stockholders who do not come into the combination, then in my judgment such combination and the acts done to effectuate it are contrary to public policy, and other stockholders have a right to the interposition of a court of equity to prevent its being put into operation.” Kreissl v. Distilling Co., 61 N. J. Eq. 5, 14.
An examination of the cases generally will disclose that in nearly all of them where the agreement was held invalid there were stipulations or covenants which infringed this rule. The propositions that “it is as legitimate for a majority of stockholders to combine as for other people,” and that the combination is unlawful only if “the gain was to be at the expense of the corporation, or in some way was to work a wrong to the other stockholders” (Brightman v. Bates, 175 Mass. 105, 110), are generally recognized as sound law. Chapman v. Bates, 61 N. J. Eq. 658; Faulds v. Yates, 57 Ill. 416; Smith v. Railway, 115 Cal. 584. Even the cases holding the particular agreements then under consideration to be invalid usually recognize the proposition that there may be a valid voting trust. Shepaug Voting Trust Cases, 60 Conn. 653, 579; Gage v. Fisher, 5 No. Dak. 297.
Judged by these standards, the agreement in the present case seems unobjectionable. The trust is to terminate at the end of a year in any event. It contemplates the winding up of the corporation within that time, and sets out in detail the plan of sale and dissolution for which the trustees were authorized to vote. It further provides that the trustees shall not vote so as to substantially change the company’s business, except as specifically authorized. There is nothing here which seeks to work a wrong to the corporation, to confer a benefit upon those joining in the trust, or to turn the management of the stockholders’ affairs over to strangers. Judged by the strictest rule of a stockholder’s right to the free and honest judgment of his co-stockholders, the agreement here made by more than three fourths of the stockholders is a legitimate arrangement for carrying out their purpose to close out the affairs of the company.
The argument that each stockholder is entitled to the presence of his associates to the end that they shall reason and be reasoned with is not of weight here. The rule of the common law was that no member of a corporation could vote by proxy. 1 Thomp. Corp., s. 875, and cases cited. But the charter of this company introduces a different doctrine. “Absent members may be represented and vote at such meetings by an agent for that purpose duly authorized by writing, signed by the member or members to be represented.” Act to establish a manufacturing corporation, by the name of the Jackson Company, 32 Ms. Laws 197 (1830). It is not necessary to now consider what effect the act of 1842, forbidding all proxy voting, giving one vote for each share up to ten, one vote for every two shares between ten and twenty, and no more (R. S., c. 146, s, 20), had upon this right. Dow v. Railroad, 67 N. H. 1, 25, et seq. The act of 1842 was repealed four years later, and the principle of general proxy voting was adopted. Laws 1846, c. 321, s. 5. The limitation of the right, incorporated in the revision of 1867 (G. S., c. 134, s. 21), was removed in 1901; so that now a proxy can represent more than one stockholder, and one stockholder can be proxy for another. Laws 1901, c. 68. Whether the charter or the general law applies here, the rule is- that one or many stockholders may be represented at the stockholders’ meeting by an agent.
The claim that the votes cast by the trustees were invalid because they were in effect votes by proxy, and that one stockholder cannot act as proxy for another stockholder, nor can a proxy act for more than one stockholder (P. S., c. 149, s. 22), is answered by the act heretofore referred to. The statute has been repealed. Laws 1901, c. 68. If the statutes authorizing voting by proxy do not apply to a corporation chartered in 1830, then the charter of this company plainly confers rights as broad as those here exercised.
Tyler & Young (of Massachusetts) and Remiclt & Hollis (Mr. Hollis orally), for the motion.
Peabody, Arnold, Batchelder & Luther (of Massachusetts) and Streeler, Demond & Woodworth (Mr. Arnold orally), opposed.
The trustees voted more than one eighth of the whole capital stock, but such action did not affect the result. In any event, they lawfully voted seventy-five shares. Forty-four other shares were voted the same way, and 104 shares were voted against the sale. It is therefore unnecessary to consider whether the statute, passed after the charter was granted and restricting the right to vote on large holdings of stock (Laws 1846, c. 321, s. 5), can affect the rights of these stockholders. As the result was not affected by the action complained of, the vote to sell cannot be set aside for such cause. Attorney-General v. Folsom, 69 N. H. 556.
Case discharged.
All concurred.
After the foregoing opinion was filed, on January 2, 1912, the plaintiffs moved for a rehearing upon -the legality of the sale, and further argument was invited upon the method of liquidating the assets.
Peaslee, J.
The plaintiffs now object to the proposed sale upon the grounds (1) that the dissolution amounts to a taking of their property against their consent, (2) that in closing out a partnership any partner can compel an auction sale of the property, and (3) that the defendants have agreed for a sale to themselves.
1. The claim of a right to a sale by auction, or a price fixed by a jury, is based first upon the assumption that there is here a taking of the plaintiffs’ property in invitum, and that this cannot lawfully be done except upon such an ascertainment of value. If it were true that this amounted to such a taking, then the proceeding could not be upheld upon any theory. Private property cannot be so taken except for public use. But there is here no, taking of property whatever. It is a mere question of contract and of carrying the contract into effect. If it is true (as the plaintiffs now admit) that a dissolution of the corporation and a distribution of its assets is a part of the original undertaking of the incorporators, then a sale for the purpose of such distribution is no more a taking of the stockholder’s property than a sale of the corporation’s manufactured product in the ordinary course of trade would be. In each instance there is a sale of property in which he has an interest. It may be that in each case he protests against the particular transaction. But his present protest cannot revoke his prior consent to a method of doing business which is now being followed, nor can his attempted withdrawal of consent make a proceeding to which he has agreed a taking of his property.
2. The contention that the plaintiffs are entitled as a matter of right to their proportion of the proceeds of all the assets as fixed »by an auction sale is also urged upon the assumption that the best selling price reasonably obtainable cannot otherwise be found. Each owner’s right is to his proportion of the net proceeds of all the assets. He is entitled to his share of what the property can be sold for, as distinguished from what it is worth. If this implies that the assets must be sold, it does not necessarily involve an auction sale. It not infrequently happens that such a sale would be ruinous, when one by private agreement could be negotiated for a fair price and to the advantage of all concerned. Sales at public auction have been ordered because it was thought that in this way a fair sale and the highest price would be assured. This is not because the parties have a vested right to have the value so fixed, but because courts have thought that the business transaction of liquidation (when imposed upon courts) woul'd be better carried out in this way. It was merely a means for giving the parties their rights in the proceeds. It was not a right in and of itself.
Even in the early English reports, cases are found where sales other than at auction were approved by the chancellor, some going so far as transferring the interest of a minor heir to a surviving partner. In a later case in the house of lords these authorities are reviewed and the true rule is laid down.
“It is very true, as was said at the bar, that on dissolving a partnership of this kind the ordinary course would be for the court to direct a sale of the assets, and if necessary, a sale of the concern as a going concern, and to give liberty for proposals to be made by either party to purchase it before the judge in chambers. My lords, those provisions are moulded in every case by the court to meet the circumstances of the particular case; and it appears to me that, looking at the nature of this business, and looking at the very small interest which was taken in it by the respondent [one eighth], it would certainly not be desirable in this case to have a sale, or to bring these premises to the hammer for the purpose of ascertaining what sum ought to be given for them. It is a case therefore in which, if a decree for a dissolution had been made in the first instance, I apprehend that the court would have thought it right to authorize the owner of seven eighths of the concern to lay proposals for a purchase before the judge in chambers. I am about to submit to your lordships a provision which will, I think, in another way arrive in substance at the same end.”
The following decree was entered: (1) An account for mesne profits. (2) “That an inquiry be made what sum would, - on the 21st of February, 1873, have represented the respondent Daniel Backhouse Syers’ one-eighth share in the value of the said music hall and tavern if it had then been sold as a going concern, after deducting all charges thereon and all liabilities of the business.” (3) That upon payment of these sums within a time to be fixed by the judge in chambers, no farther accounts be taken. (5) If payments are not made as ordered, there must be a sale in the usual way. Syers v. Syers, 1 A. C. 174.
In commenting on this case, it is said in Bindley on Partnership: “Moreover, in Syers v. Syers it was held by the house of lords, that in the case then before it the court could, in its discretion, either order the sale of the undertaking as a going concern, or approve of the purchase by one partner of the share of his copartners. The rule as to selling partnership property is merely adopted in order that justice may be done to all parties, when no other course has been or can be agreed upon. It is not an arbitrary rule inflexibly applied in all cases whether it is necessary or not; and although, if one partner or his representative insist on a sale, the court may not be able to refuse to enforce that right, still the court is always inclined to accede to any other mode of settlement which may be fair and just between the parties.” And in a foot-note: “And, qu., whether the discretion alluded tó exists in all cases? But why should it not? Its exercise would often be most beneficial;” Lind. Part. (7th ed., 1905) 587.
“A sale is, generally speaking, that method of disposing of the property, or facilitating its division, which is least open to the danger of fraud or mistake, and is therefore much favored. . . .
It must always be possible that the peculiar circumstance of the case may make a sale injurious, and that the true interests of all parties may be better protected and preserved without it; and then a court is under no obligation to require a sale.” Pars. Part. (4th ed.), s. 420.
There is no one hard and fast rule for adjusting partnership affairs in court proceedings, and the claim that the partners’ shares can be determined only by an auction sale is not well founded. Mauck v. Mauck, 54 Ill. 281; Taylor v. Hutchinson, 25 Grat. 536. The suggestion that an order for a sale of the net Jackson assets at auction, limiting the lowest bid to the price fixed by the sale to the Nashua Company, may produce, good results and can do no harm, rests upon the assumption that the present offer would still be open to acceptance if the auction failed to develop a higher bidder. But conceding this, it must also be evident that an attempt to sell at auction might do no good. It is at most a question of the best sale price and how to obtain it. If upon the evidence the court is satisfied that this has been obtained, there is no occasion for further proceedings to secure additional evidence on the point. If the court thought the question was not satisfactorily answered by the evidence, it might be appropriate (in a case where cause was shown for liquidation by the court) to order the sale at auction, or in some other way. That the auction sale is not an absolute right is stated in terms in the opinion in Mason v. Pewabic Co., 133 U. S. 50, the authority chiefly relied upon by the plaintiffs: “We do not say that there may not be circumstances presented to a court of chancery, which is winding up a dissolved corporation and distributing its assets, that will justify a decree ascertaining their value, or the value of certain parts of them, and making a distribution to partners or shareholders on that basis; but this is not the general rule.” Even with this qualification, Mr. Justice Bradley stated his opinion to be that “the opinion of the court asserts too strongly the right of the minority stockholders to insist upon a sale. In m any cases in this country, a valuation of the interest of a minority, under the direction of the court, has been deemed a proper method of ascertaining their share in the assets, where a sale would be prejudicial to the interests of the whole.”
This is the law in cases where the liquidation of the assets is in the hands or under the direction of the court. But liquidation is not necessarily a judicial proceeding, nor can judicial action in reference to it be invoked, except for cause. The plaintiffs’ whole contention is based upon the assumption that in every case of dissolution the liquidation is a matter for judicial administration, unless the parties are entirely agreed. The law is otherwise. It is not a matter of course that a court of equity will interfere in the liquidation of the assets of a corporation or firm by a majority in interest. It is the right of the parties to conduct this part of their business for themselves. Before this right can be interfered with, it must be made to appear that the majority are assuming to exercise powers not conferred upon them, or are proceeding in a manner not authorized by law.
The typical cases where receivers or sales have been ordered are those where there were only two partners. In case of a disagreement, there was no majority either way. But no case has been cited, where, in case of more than two partners, the honest and judicious action of the majority in closing out the property has been reviewed by a court of equity. In the case at bar cause for a receivership was alleged, but not proved. If it had been established, then the question what kind of a sale should be ordered by the court would arise, as in Syers v. Syers, before cited. No cause for a receiver being shown, and the allegations of misconduct having been disproved, it follows that the action of the majority cannot be interfered with.
After a dissolution, each partner still has implied authority to dispose of the firm property by sale or other reasonable mode, necessary for the purpose of winding up the firm. Lapenta v. Lettieri, 72 Conn. 377; Bobbins v. Fuller, 24 N. Y. 570; Gray v. Green, 142 N. Y. 316; Walling v. Burgess, 122 Ind. 299; Bach v. Insurance Co., 64 Ia. 595; Barton v. Lovejoy, 56 Minn. 380; Shanks v. Klein, 104 U. S. 18.
“The dissolution of a partnership terminates the capacity of the individual partners to continue the firm business with the partnership property and assets, and to incur debts in the firm name. But the partnership property will remain to be disposed of and its assets to be collected, and partnership debts must be paid. . . . Notwithstanding the dissolution of the partnership, the firm continues to exist for all purposes necessary for winding up its affairs; otherwise, as was said by Lord Justice Turner, it would be necessary to apply for a receiver in every case upon the dissolution of a partnership. Butchart v. Dresser, 4 DeG. M. & G. 542, 544. If partners have not provided for the manner in which the affairs of the partnership shall be wound up, the law provides therefor by continuing the partnership, with its incidents of interest, powers, and obligation, for the purpose of winding up the concerns of the partnership so far as is necessary to that end and no further. Pars. Part. 420.” Davis v. Megroz, 55 N. J. Law 427, 431.
The power of partners tq so close out their affairs is not curtailed by courts in the absence of proof of illegal acts, or at least of gross incompetence. Birdsall v. Colie, 10 N. J. Eq. 63; Cox v. Peters, 13 N. J. Eq. 39; Nathan v. Bacon, 75 N. J. Eq. 401.
“In case of an actual disagreement, he [Kent] adds that the weight of authority is in favor of the power of the majority of the firm, acting in good faith, to bind the minority. And such ought to be the law; for where there is a community of interest, certainly it is the will of the majority, and not the will of the minority, that ought to control. If there is a fraudulent combination on the part of the majority to injure or oppress the minority, the law is otherwise. But in the absence of fraud, certainly it is the majority, and not the minority, that ought to control.” Staples v. Sprague, 75 Me. 458, 460.
The rule applies with added force in the case of a corporation, where there is no such thing as binding action by one individual, but all action is to be taken by the majority. The majority are trustees with not only the power, but also the positive duty, to. liquidate the assets. The question is how this can best be done. Upon this question they act in good faith and negotiate a sale which, upon investigation, is found to be for an adequate price. A reasonable price having been obtained in a manner approved by a majority of the beneficiaries, there is no equity in the claim of a dissatisfied minority that the trust should be administered in accordance with their views and against the wishes of the majority.
It was urged at the argument that the finding in the superior court on the question of the adequacy of price did not go so far as to include the fact that the price was fair if measured in the selling price of the Nashua stock. The argument was that while one and one half shares of Nashua stock might be a fair equivalent for one share of Jackson stock, it was not found that $585,000 was a fair cash price for the net Jackson assets. It was then suggested to counsel that if the assumption in the former opinion that the finding covered both points was erroneous, application might be made to the superior court to limit the finding according to its true intent. Such application has been made, and the presiding justice has not qualified the former statement. This is taken to mean that the construction heretofore put upon it is not contrary to its intended meaning.
But even if it be conceded that there has been no finding of a fair sale at a price fixed in terms of money, still the plaintiffs have failed to make out a case. If there is no finding that the price is adequate, neither is there one that it is inadequate. The sale being one the majority had power to make, and being free from all taint of fraud or irregularity, a court of equity will not interfere unless there be such inadequacy of price as to amount to proof of gross mismanagement. It is not incumbent on the defendants in such a case to prove a sale for full value, for they are not called upon to justify their action. It is for the plaintiffs to show that the defendants have been guilty of a violation of duty.
3. The majority act in a sense as trustees for the minority in the winding up. They hold the property to carry out certain purposes, and in doing this it is well settled that they cannot contract with themselves. And the rule is the same as to contracts with a corporation in which they have a financial interest. But that was not the situation here. As to that part of the transaction whereby the Jackson Company received Nashua Company stock, it is evident that there was no adverse interest. Such interest in the Nashua Company as exists was created by the sale. It was not a preexisting interest which made it desirable to sell out the Jackson Company for a small price. The only difference in the ultimate situation of the parties was that the majority would hold their Nashua stock, while that of the minority would be sold. There is no possibility of conflicting interest in the agreement with the Nashua Company. It was of equal advantage to every Jackson stockholder to secure as much Nashua stock as possible in exchange for the Jackson assets. Nor does such conflict appear in the sale of the Nashua stock to the American Trust Company, upon the guaranty and presumably for the benefit of Baylies. This sale would not affect the Nashua Company, in which the assenting Jackson stockholders had prospective interests. They would neither gain nor lose by a sale of other Nashua stock, by and to third parties, at a certain price.
The theories of the law governing liquidation, which are advanced in support of the present motion, are not in harmony with the trend of the authorities. The broad proposition, that in the event of the dissolution either of a partnership or a corporation a dissatisfied minority can take from the majority the power to dispose of the assets in any reasonable way, cannot be sustained. Before the control of liquidation is taken from the majority, it must be shown that they have violated their trust; and before a sale negotiated by them can be interfered with, it must appear that it was not a fair sale.
Rehearing denied.
All concurred.
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Gabriel López (footballer, born 1983)
Álvaro Gabriel López Molinari (born August 24, 1983 in San Carlos), known as Gabriel López, is a former Uruguayan professional footballer who played as a striker.
Teams
* River Plate 2006
* Liverpool de Canelones 2007
* Canelones (city team) 2007
* Sud América 2007–2008
* Atenas 2008–2009
* Cobreloa 2010
* Deportes Concepción 2010
* Montevideo Wanderers 2010
* 🇪🇨 ESPOLI 2011
* El Tanque Sisley 2011–2012
* Palermo F.C. (Uruguay) 2012
* 🇨🇴 Uniautónoma 2012
* Juanicó 2013
* Canelones (city team) 2013
* Libertad de Canelones 2014
* Liverpool de Canelones 2015
* Libertad de Canelones 2019–2020
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Eugene L. Demers
Eugene L. Demers (August 1842 – April 26, 1912) was an American politician from New York.
Life
He was born on August 19 or 24, 1842, in Troy, Rensselaer County, New York, the son of David Demers and Jane A. Demers. He attended the common schools, and became a printer working for the Troy Times. On August 27, 1862, he enlisted as a private in the 125th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment. He lost a leg in the Battle of Gettysburg and was subsequently discharged, and later ran a grocery store in Lansingburgh. He married Margaret Cowley, and they had two daughters.
He entered politics as a Republican, and was at times a trustee of the Village of Lansingburgh, and Supervisor of the Town of Lansingburgh.
He was Doorkeeper of the New York State Assembly in 1872, 1873, 1874, 1876 and 1877; a member of the State Assembly (Rensselaer Co., 2nd D.) in 1885 and 1886; Second Assistant Doorkeeper of the State Assembly in 1897; and an assistant doorkeeper of the State Assembly in 1900.
He died on April 26, 1912, at his home in Lansingburgh.
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Moore v. United States (160 U.S. 268)/Opinion of the Court
Defendant was indicted under the first section of the act of March 3, 1875, 'to punish certain larcenies, and the receivers of stolen goods' (18 Stat. 479), which enacts 'that any person who shall embezzle, steal, or purloin any money, property, record, voucher, or valuable thing whatever, of the moneys, goods, chattels, records, or property of the United States, shall be deemed guilty of felony,' etc.
The principal assignment of error is to the action of the court in overruling a demurrer to the fourth count of the indictment, which charges, in the words of the statute, that 'the said George S. Moore, being then and there an assistant, clerk, or employ e in or connected with the business or operations of the United States post office in the city of Mobile, in the state of Alabama, did embezzle the sum of _____, money of the United States, of the value of _____, the said money being the personal property of the United States.'
Embezzlement is the fraudulent appropriation of property by a person to whom such property has been intrusted, or into whose hands it has lawfully come. It differs from larceny in the fact that the original taking of the property was lawful, or with the consent of the owner, while in larceny the felonious intent must have existed at the time of the taking.
It is objected to the indictment in this case that there is no direct allegation that defendant was an assistant, clerk, or employ e in or connected with the business or operations of the post office at Mobile; that the money of the United States is not identified or described; and that there is no allegation that it came into the possession of the defendant by virtue of his employment.
The act in question has never been interpreted by this court, nor has our attention been called to any case where it has received a construction in this particular, except that of McCann v. U.S., 2 Wyo. 274, decided in the territorial supreme court of Wyoming, in which the allegation was that 'McCann, * * * at and within the district aforesaid, twenty thousand pounds of sugar * * * of the goods, chattels, and property of the United States of America, then and there being found, then and there feloniously and fraudulently did embezzle, steal, and purloin,' etc. This allegation was held to be defective in charging a mere legal conclusion, 'leaving it impossible to determine whether the offense was committed, and the conclusion correct.' It was said that the indictment for this offense must set forth the actual fiduciary relation and its breach; that the indictment did not identify the offense on the record, and did not secure the accused in his right to plead a former acquittal or conviction to a second prosecution for the offense. It was held that the words 'to embezzle' were equivalent to the words 'to commit embezzlement,' and that a count in the words of the statute was not sufficient; that 'all the ingredients of fact that are elemental to the definition must be alleged, so as to bring the defendant precisely and clearly within the statute. If that can be done by simply following the words of the statute, that will do; if not, other allegations must be used.' The general principle here alluded to has been applied by this court in several cases. U.S. v. Carll, 105 U.S. 611; U.S. v. Cooke, 17 Wall. 168; U.S. v. Cruikshank, 92 U.S. 542.
In the case of U.S. v. Northway, 120 U.S. 327, 7 Sup. Ct. 580, the word 'embezzle' was recognized as having a settled, technical meaning of its own, like the words 'steal, take, and carry away,' as used to define the offense of larceny. In this case the allegation was that the defendant, 'as such president and agent' (of a national bank), 'then and there had and received in and into his possession certain of moneys and funds of said banking association, * * * and then and there, being in possession of the said' defendant, 'as such president and agent aforesaid, he, the said' defendant, 'then and there * * * wrongly, unlawfully, and with intent to injure and defraud said banking association, did embezzle and convert to his * * * own use.' In respect to this, it was said to be quite clear that the allegation was sufficient, as it distinctly alleged that the moneys and funds charged to have been embezzled were at the time in the possession of the defendant as president and agent. 'This necessarily means,' said the court, 'that they had come into his possession in his official character, so that he held them in trust for the use and benefit of the association. In respect to those funds, the charge against him is that he embezzled them by converting them to his own use. This we think fully and accurately describes the offense of embezzlement under the act by an officer and agent of the association.'
In the case of Claassen v. U.S., 142 U.S. 140, 12 Sup. Ct. 169, an allegation similar in substance and effect was also held to be sufficient. The indictment, said the court, 'avers that the defendant was president of a national banking association; that by virtue of his office he received and took into his possession certain bonds (fully described), the property of the association; and that, with intent to injure and defraud the association, he embezzled the bonds and converted them to his own use. On principle and precedent, no further averment was requisite to a complete and sufficient description of the crime charged.'
The cases reported from the English courts and from the courts of the several states have usually arisen under statutes limiting the offense to certain officers, clerks, agents, or servants of individuals or corporations; and the rulings that the agency or fiduciary relation must be averred, as well as the fact that the money embezzled had come into the possession of the prisoner in that capacity, are not wholly applicable to a statute which extends to every person, regardless of his employment, or of the fact that the money had come into his possession by virtue of any office or fiduciary relation he happened to occupy. These cases undoubtedly hold, with great uniformity, that the relationship must be averred in the exact terms of the statute, that the property embezzled must be identified with great particularity, and that it must also be averred to have come into the possession of the prisoner by virtue of his fiduciary relation to the owner of the property.
Thus, in Com. v. Smart, 6 Gray, 15, it was held that an indictment which averred that the defendant 'was intrusted' by the owner 'with certain property, the same being the subject of larceny' (describing it), 'and to deliver the same to' the owner 'on demand,' and afterwards 'refused to deliver said property to said' owner, 'and feloniously did embezzle and fraudulently convert to his own use, the same then and there being demanded of him by said' owner, was fatally defective, by reason of omitting to state the purpose for which the defendant was intrusted with the property, or what property he fraudulently converted to his own use. So in People v. Allen, 5 Denio, 76, under a statute limiting the offense to clerks and servants, it was held that a count charging the defendant with having collected and received certain money as the 'agent' of an individual was defective.
On the other hand, in Lowenthal v. State, 32 Ala. 589, an indictment charging, in the form prescribed by the Code, that the defendant, being agent or clerk of another, 'embezzled, or fraudulently converted to his own use, money to about the amount of eighteen hundred dollars ($1,800), * * * which came into his possession by virtue of his employment,' was sufficient. See, also, People v. Tomlinson, 66 Cal. 344, 5 Pac. 509; Com. v. Hussey, 111 Mass. 432. It was held, however, in State v. Stimson, 24 N. J. Law, 9, that it was not sufficient to describe the offense in the words of the statute, and that there should be some description either of the number of denomination of the coins and of the notes, and also an averment of the value of the notes.
Indeed, the rulings in this class of cases became in some instances so strict that statutes were passed in several of the states defining what should be necessary and sufficient in indictments for embezzlement. Thus, in the Criminal Code of Illinois, it is declared to be sufficient to allege, generally, in the indictment, an embezzlement, fraudulent conversion, or taking, with intent to embezzle and convert funds of any person, bank, corporation, company, or copartnership, to a certain value or amount, without specifying any particulars of such embezzlement. Under this statute, it was held proper for the court to permit all the evidence of what the defendant did by reason of his confidential relations with the banking firm, whose clerk he was, to go to the jury, and if the jury found, from the whole evidence, any funds or credits for money had been embezzled or fraudulently converted to his own use by defendant, it was sufficient to maintain the charge of embezzlement. 'The view taken by the defense,' said the court, 'of this statute, is too narrow and technical to be adopted. It has a broader meaning, and, when correctly read, it will embrace all wrongful conduct by confidential clerks, agents, or servants, and leave no opportunity for escape from just punishment on mere technical objections not affecting the guilt or innocence of the party accused.' Ker v. People, 110 Ill. 627, 647.
The ordinary form of an indictment for larceny is that J. S., late of, etc., at, etc., in the county aforesaid (specifying the property), of the goods and chattels of one J. N., 'feloniously did steal, take, and carry away.' In other words, the whole gist of the indictment lies in the allegation that the defendant stole, took, and carried away certain specified goods belonging to the person named. The indictment under consideration is founded upon a statute to punish larcenies of government property. It applies to 'any person,' and uses the words 'embezzle, steal, or purloin' in the same connection, and as applicable to the same persons and to the same property. There can be no doubt that a count charging the prisoner with stealing or purloining certain described goods, the property of the United States, would be sufficient, without further specification of the offense; but whether an indictment charging in such general terms that the prisoner 'embezzled' the property of the government (identifying it) would be sufficient, we do not undertake to determine, although we think the rules of good pleading would suggest, even if they did not absolutely require, that the indictment should set forth the manner or capacity in which the defendant became possessed of the property.
For another reason, however, we think the indictment in this case is insufficient. If the words charging the defendant with being an employ e of the post office be material, then it is clear, under the cases above cited, that it should be averred that the money embezzled came into his possession by virtue of such employment. Unless this be so, the allegation of employment is meaningless, and might even be misleading, since the defendant might be held for property received in a wholly different capacity,-such, for instance, as a simple bailee of the government. In the absence of a statutory regulation, the authorities upon this subject are practically uniform. Whart. Cr. Law, § 1942; Rex v. Snowley, 4 Car. & P. 390; Com. v. Simpson, 9 Metc. (Mass.) 138; People v. Sherman, 10 Wend, 298; Rex v. Prince, 2 Car. & P. 517; Rex v. Thorley, 1 Moody, Cr. Cas. 343; Bakewell's Case, Russ. & R. 35.
On the other hand, if these words be rejected as surplusage and mere descriptio personae, then the property embezzled should be identified with particularity; the general rule, in the absence of a statute, being that an averment of the embezzlement of a certain amount in dollars and cents is insufficient. Rex v. Furneaux. Russ. & R. 336; Rex v. Fowler, 5 Barn. & C. 736; Com. v. Sawtelle, 11 Cush. 142; People v. Bogart, 36 Cal. 245; People v. Cox, 40 Cal. 275; Barton v. State, 29 Ark. 68; State v. Thompson, 42 Ark. 517; State v. Ward, 48 Ark. 36, 2 S. W. 191.
There are undoubtedly cases which hold that, where the crime consists, not in the embezzlement of a single definite quantity of coin or bills, but in a failure to account for a number of small sums received,-a series of petty and continuous peculations,-where it would be manifestly impossible, probably for the defendant himself, but much more for the prosecution, to tell of what the money embezzled consisted, an allegation of a particular amount is sufficient. These cases, however, are confined to public officers, or to the officers of corporations; and where the embezzlement consists of a single amount of property, the general rule above stated still holds good. The leading case upon this point is that of People v. McKinney, 10 Mich. 54, 89. In this case the treasurer of the state of Michigan was charged with the embezzlement of $4,000 belonging to the state. It was held that as the treasurer had by law the entire custody and management of the public money, with authority to receive such descriptions of funds as he chose, the public could exercise no control or constant supervision over him, and that it would be wholly impracticable to trace or identify the particular pieces of money or bills received by him, and hence that the allegation of a certain amount was sufficient. this case has been followed by several others, and may be said to apply to all instances where it would be impracticable to set forth or identify the particular character of the property embezzled. State v. Munch, 22 Minn. 67; State v. Ring, 29 Minn. 78, 11 N. E. 233; State v. Smith, 13 Kan. 274, 294; State v. Carrick, 16 Nev. 120; U.S. v. Bornemann, 36 Fed. 257. In some jurisdictions, however, notably in England, California, Louisiana, and Massachusetts, the difficulty has been entirely remedied by statute. Greaves, Cr. Law, 156; Rex v. Grove, 1 Moody, Cr. Cas. 447; Com. v. Butterick, 100 Mass. 1; Com. v. Bennett, 118 Mass. 443; People v. Treadwell, 69 Cal. 226, 10 Pac. 502; State v. Thompson, 32 La. Ann. 796.
If, then, the indictment in this case had charged that the defendant, being then and there assistant, clerk, or employ e in or connected with the business or operations of the United States post office in the city of Mobile, embezzled the sum stated, and had further alleged that such sum came into his possession in that capacity, we should have held the indictment sufficient, notwithstanding the general description of the property embezzled as consisting of so many dollars and cents. But, if the words charging him with being in the employ of the government be stricken out, then there would be nothing left to show why the property embezzled could not be identified with particularity, and the general rule above cited would apply. The indictment would then reduce itself to a simple allegation that the said George S. Moore, at a certain time and place, did embezzle the sum of $1,652.59, money of the United States, of the value, etc., said money being the personal property of the United States, which generality of description would be clearly bad. As there was a demurrer to this count, which was overruled, we do not think the objection is covered by Rev. St. § 1025, or cured by the verdict.
As we hold the indictment in this case to be bad, we find it unnecessary to consider the other errors assigned.
The judgment of the court below is therefore reversed, and the case remanded, with directions to quash the indictment.
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Citigroup outlines layoff process, reassignments in overhaul -memo
By Lananh Nguyen, Tatiana Bautzer, Saeed Azhar
NEW YORK, Oct 4 (Reuters) - Citigroup C.N has embarked on its biggest reorganization in decades, its managers are reviewing staff rosters to determine by November who will stay in place, be reassigned or laid off, according to a global memo to staff on Wednesday seen by Reuters.
"Some roles will change, new roles may be created, and new roles that do not fit our new structure will be eliminated," Sara Wechter, the bank's chief human resources officer, wrote in the memo. "This next layer of change is scheduled to be announced in November."
Employees whose jobs are eliminated may be eligible to apply for other positions, and the company will offer severance pay and notice periods where eligible, according to the message. The contents of the memo have not previously been reported.
Citi declined to comment on the global memo.
Last month, Citi CEO Jane Fraser announced a sweeping reorganization to simplify the bank's structure after divesting from non-core markets and focusing on profitable areas. Fraser's memo to staff did not announce an expected number of job cuts but said the departures would enable staff who generate revenue and dealmakers to focus their time on clients.
"We'll be saying goodbye to some very talented and hard-working colleagues," Fraser wrote at the time.
Citi had 240,000 employees at the end of the second quarter. That compares with headcounts of about 216,000 at Bank of America and 234,000 at Wells Fargo, the second and fourth-largest U.S. lenders respectively.
Jane has increasingly toughened the message to staff. "We don't have room for bystanders, we don't have room for people who want to stand on the sidelines.", Fraser said in a TV interview last week.
CONSULTATIONS IN THE UK
The bank said in a separate memo it is also beginning the specific consultation required in the UK. “We are updating colleagues on our next steps to align our structure with our strategy, and consulting with the London Consultation Forum about roles currently under review. Some of these roles may change, while others will remain largely the same."
Citi hopes the reorganization will revive its share price, that has been lagging below half of book value for awhile, and will give the CEO more direct control over its businesses.
Reuters has reported that cuts will focus on support areas with overlapping teams such as compliance and risk management, and spare profit-making units.
(Reporting by Lananh Nguyen, Tatiana Bautzer and Saeed Azhar in New York; editing by Megan Davies and David Gregorio)
((Lananh.Nguyen@thomsonreuters.com; +1 (646) 696 4829;))
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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SciELO - Scientific Electronic Library Online
vol.17 issue1Surface electromyography of masticatory muscles in individuals with temporomandibular disorder submitted to acupunctureLanguage alterations in elderly patients with dementia assessed with the MAC Battery author indexsubject indexarticles search
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Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Fonoaudiologia
Print version ISSN 1516-8034
Abstract
MOREIRA, Graziela Maria Martins and PEREIRA, Sílvia Regina Mendes. Performance of Brazilian elderly on the 100 ml water swallowing test. Rev. soc. bras. fonoaudiol. [online]. 2012, vol.17, n.1, pp. 9-14. ISSN 1516-8034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-80342012000100004.
PURPOSE: To compare the performance of Brazilian elderly patients living in a long-term care facility on the 100 ml water swallowing test with the results obtained with British elderly. METHODS: Eighteen elderly subjects (13 women and five men, mean age 83.46), residents in a long-term care facility and considered normal regarding the swallowing function, were selected to take part in this study. As in a British study, they were laterally observed by the examiner while swallowing 100 ml of water from a plastic cup. The examiner observed the number of sips, the time taken, and complications during the test, which generated the following indices: volume per swallow (ml), time per swallow (s), and swallowing capacity (ml/s). RESULTS: The elderly men had lower swallowing capacity than the women in the research, oppositely from the original British study. The mean time per swallow and the mean volume per swallow were similar for both genders. CONCLUSION: The swallowing capacity in elderly subjects is lower than that of normal adults, suggesting slowing in the deglutition process. The difference between genders reported in the original study was not found in the present study; however, our sample was older.
Keywords : Deglutition; Deglutition disorders; Health services for the aged; Swallowing disorders; Homes for the aged.
· abstract in Portuguese · text in English | Portuguese · pdf in Englishpdf in English | Portuguese Portuguese
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Talk:Adriana Trigiani
Early life?
This purportedly biographical article's "Early Life" section begins when its subject is a college graduate. How is that early life? There is nothing about her parents (other than that she is of Italian heritage), siblings, upbringing (other than that she spent some part of her childhood in Big Stone Gap), or pre-college education. In other words, the formative years of this author apparently don't exist. I find it very hard to believe that, in 21st-centure Amreica, this knowledge is unknown; the omission makes the article seem like an advert. --Piledhigheranddeeper (talk) 19:51, 15 October 2020 (UTC)
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WIKI
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Page:A Brief History of Modern Philosophy.djvu/245
242 Intellect, 1856, and The Emotions and the Will, 1859), he here shows that the objective association (association by contact) constantly presupposes a subjective correlate (association by similarity). He had even before that, in his Examination of Sir William Hamilton's Philosophy (1865), indicated a still more radical change in the fundamentals of his psychology. He then saw that such phenomena as anticipation and recollection cannot be accounted for by the theory of consciousness underlying the "Associational Psychology"—viz., that of a mere sum of elements. The phenomena mentioned prove—so he thinks—that the bond by which the psychical elements are held together is just as real as the elements themselves, and that it cannot be derived from these elements. And the term "Ego" applies to this bond alone. Mill therefore once more revives Hume's "uniting principle," which had been forgotten in the "Associational Psychology," and as a matter of fact even accorded it a central position. Had he then been able to revise his logic, the possibilities were present of developing the principles of knowledge as idealized psychical tendencies.—The modifications and even the inconsistencies contained in Mill's theories bear witness to the indefatigability and candor of his investigations.
c. In ethics even as in psychology Stuart Mill was also originally a disciple of his father; here he was likewise a disciple of ''Bentham. The objectivity and onesideness of Bentham's utilitarianism had however been brought to his attention even in his early youth, especially through the influence of Coleridge and Carlyle. ''Nevertheless, he never surrendered the presupposition that the ultimate criterion for the evaluation of human actions must be sought in their effects on human happiness. The aim is
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WIKI
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Isidore Lechat
Isidore Lechat is a fictional character and the main protagonist of the play Les affaires sont les affaires (Business is business) (1903) by French writer Octave Mirbeau.
A businessman
Isidore Lechat, nicknamed "Lechat-Tigre", is a ruthless businessman, a predator without any scruples. Rather than specializing in just one branch of trade, industry or finance, he has invested in everything, for instance into the press, modern agriculture and electricity. Due to his extortion, he becomes rich and powerful in the French society of the French Third Republic. Because of the newspaper that he created and his 50 million francs, he seems untouchable and above the law, which is made only for the poor. Lechat enjoys impunity from both the government and the Catholic Church. For the playwright, Isidore Lechat is the product of an era of economic upheaval and global expansion of capitalism and the first phase of economic imperialism.
However, Octave Mirbeau recognizes that this predator, who sows misery everywhere around him, is an "idealist" in his own way and that his projects are potentially progressive, because they contribute to the development of productive forces. The old aristocracy, embodied in the play by the old Marquis de Porcellet, is only a class parasite.
A two faced man
Cynical and vulgar, Isidore Lechat is a nouveau riche who hides his extraordinary capacity to rob his victims behind the silver tongue of a bon vivant and disarms them. Nevertheless, he is totally blind in his private life; he does not realize that his wife is lost and unhappy, his beloved son Xavier is a slacker, his daughter Germaine is disgusted and is having love affair right in front of him. He also does not notice that Germaine prepares to flee his golden chains, rejecting Lechat's dreams of a good marriage.
Furthermore, the libido dominandi of Lechat is powerless over love and death: his son dies in an automobile accident, and her daughter goes away with her lover, Lucien Garraud. In addition, his formerly submissive wife becomes no longer afraid of him and judges him severely. Defeated, oppressed and humiliated, Lechat finds the strength to recover his self-control in order to seal a profitable deal, crushing the two swindlers who wanted to take advantage of his grief and fool him: business is business...
In spite of the disgust inspired by his cynicism and vulgarity, Isidore Lechat can also rouse a kind of admiration for his energy and his clearness in business, and even inspire pity when he loses his daughter, his son and his submissive wife in a single day.
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WIKI
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A Collection of AWS EC2 Ubuntu Tips
Overview
For many website developers, Amazon Web Services (AWS) and Ubuntu Linux are our world. The Ubuntu instances on AWS have exceptionally performance, have almost unbelievable reliability, and are surprisingly affordable. Establishing a website on a AWS EC2 Ubuntu instance can be a little intimidating at first to setup, configure, backup, and operate. As such, there are numerous Ubuntu Linux tips and short-cuts that one learns on this development journey. Here is my growing list:
Updates to Ubuntu
What if after accessing the AWS instance using SSH via terminal (as described in post AWS WordPress 1: Create EC2 Instance, the login result to the Ubuntu instance shows the following message about pending updates?
Welcome to Ubuntu 16.04.3 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.4.0-1041-aws x86_64)
* Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com
* Management: https://landscape.canonical.com
* Support: https://ubuntu.com/advantage
Get cloud support with Ubuntu Advantage Cloud Guest:
http://www.ubuntu.com/business/services/cloud
18 packages can be updated.
0 updates are security updates.
*** System restart required ***
Last login: Wed Dec 27 19:31:25 2017 from 71.197.165.101
To run a command as administrator (user "root"), use "sudo <command>".
See "man sudo_root" for details.
Updating the Ubuntu Linux AWS instance involves a few simple commands:
Fetches the list of available updates:
sudo apt-get update
Installs the updates:
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
Cleans up /var/cache/apt/archives:
sudo apt-get clean
Removes old kernels:
sudo apt autoremove
Reboots the EC2 instance:
sudo /sbin/reboot
Getting Information on Disk Storage and CPU Utilization
It is important to understand how much disk storage and memory is being use and how much CPU is being utilized. Here are two commands and their typical responses on an AWS EC2 ‘t2.micro‘ instance.
Provide a list of storage devices with usage information:
df -H
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev 512M 0 512M 0% /dev
tmpfs 104M 3.2M 101M 4% /run
/dev/xvda1 8.3G 1.3G 7.0G 16% /
tmpfs 520M 0 520M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.3M 0 5.3M 0% /run/lock
tmpfs 520M 0 520M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs 104M 0 104M 0% /run/user/1000
Provide memory usage and CPU utilization information:
top
top - 19:52:37 up 3 min, 1 user, load average: 0.02, 0.07, 0.03
Tasks: 108 total, 1 running, 107 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
%Cpu(s): 0.0 us, 0.0 sy, 0.0 ni,100.0 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st
KiB Mem : 1014644 total, 817484 free, 45944 used, 151216 buff/cache
KiB Swap: 0 total, 0 free, 0 used. 813248 avail Mem
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
1 root 20 0 37756 5720 3896 S 0.0 0.6 0:02.38 systemd
2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kthreadd
3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 ksoftirqd/0
4 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/0:0
5 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/0:0H
6 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/u30:0
7 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.04 rcu_sched
8 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rcu_bh
9 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/0
10 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/0
11 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kdevtmpfs
12 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 netns
13 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 perf
14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 xenwatch
15 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 xenbus
16 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 kworker/0:1
17 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 khungtaskd
18 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 writeback
19 root 25 5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksmd
20 root 39 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 khugepaged
Other Tips
I will continue to add to this collection of AWS EC2 tips as I discover them!
2018-02-18T22:41:52+00:00 By |Amazon Web Services|0 Comments
Leave A Comment
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[No. 835.]
THE STATE OF NEVADA, Respondent, v. AH MOOK, Appellant.
Cbiminal Law — Tbanscbipt on Appeal. — The Supreme Court, in tho examination of the transcript on appeal in a criminal case cannot look at anything contained therein that is outside of the record provided for by statute.
Chabge op the Couet must be embodied in a Bill op Exceptions.— The charge given by tho court of its own motion is not a part of the record unless it is included in the hill of exceptions.
Dutx op Clebk in pbepaeing Kecobd.- — The papers that constitute the record or judgment roll in a criminal case, are specified in volume 1, Compiled Laws, 2075, and it is the duty of the clerk to fasten them together and file them within five days after the entry of a judgment of conviction.
Idem — Bill op Exceptions. — It is the duty of the clerk to attach the hill of exceptions to the rest of the judgment roll before it is filed, just as it was left by the judge who signed it. He must not add to it, or subtract from it, anything whatever.
Homicide — Insteuotions belating to Muedee. — The court, at the request of the prosecution, instructed the jury ‘ ‘ that the true difference between simple murder (or murder of the second degree) and murder of the first degree, under our statute, does not consist in the length of time the assailant must have deliberated, but whether he had at or before striking the fatal blow or firing the fatal shot formed the design to slay the deceased. If such design was formed, however recently, it will he murder of the first degree’ Held, that when read in connection with the other instructions it could not have prejudiced the defendant.
Idem. — The court, at the request of the prosecution, also instructed the jury “that the premeditation or intent to kill need not be for a day, an hour, or even a minute, for if the jury believe from the evidence there was a design, a determination to kill, distinctly formed in the mind at any moment before or at the time the pistol was fired, it was a willful, deliberate and premeditated killing, and therefore murder in the first degree:” Held, ambiguous hut not necessarily erroneous, and that when read in connection with a proper instruction defining manslaughter, it could not have prejudiced the defendant. (Hawlex, O. J., dissenting.)
Idem — Meaning oe Deliberation. — The words “ a design, a determination to kill, distinctly formed in the mind,” in their natural sense imply deliberation. (Hawley, C. J., dissenting.)
Idem — Instructions on Same Point, How Construed. — Where two instructions are given on the same point, one clearly and unequivocally correct, the other ambiguous and susceptible of two constructions, according to one of which it is correct, but according to the other of which it is erroneous, as it is the duty of the jury to read and consider all the instructions together they will put that construction upon the doubtful one which makes it consistent with the. other, and reject that construction which brings the two in conflict.
Appeal from tbe District Court of the Sixth Judicial District, Eureka County.
The facts are sufficiently stated in the-opinion of the court.
Lends & Deal, for Appellant.
I. The instructions in this case are erroneous from beginning to end; and we venture the assertion that no jury could possibly have heard them without being misled. (The points made by counsel as to errors in the charge of the court of its own motion are omitted, because said charge is not considered by the court.) The law always presumes injury from an error, unless it is perfectly manifest it could not have that effect. {State v. McGinnis, 5 Nev. 337; States. Parsons, 7 Id. 57; State v. Van Winkle, 6 Id. 340.)
A person may unlawfully, feloniously and deliberately kill another, and the homicide be only manslaughter. (10 Mich. 212; 2 Bishop Cr. Law, 676.) If there be provocation .sufficient, a man may kill another deliberately, and still the offense would only amount to manslaughter.
II. The first instruction asked by the prosecution is incorrect, because it virtually ignores deliberation, which is an element of murder in the first degree under our statute. Now, deliberation indicates a process of the mind antipodal to that described in the instruction; it conveys the idea of time taken to arrrive at a conclusion; that the determination was arrived at after reflection and thought, and excludes the conclusion that the legislature intended a hasty and inconsiderate decision. But, under this instruction, the jury are charged that, no matter how hasty or inconsiderate the determination, the homicide would be murder if there was an intent to kill.
III. Instruction number two ignores all the defense of the defendant, and directly tells the jury that if the defendant intended to kill Ah Long, it was a willful, deliberate and premeditated killing. Now, whilst the jury may have believed that the defendant intended to kill Ah Long, they may have also believed that he acted under great provocation; but under this instruction they could not consider such a fact, but were compelled, if the killing was intentional, to convict of murder in the first degree. The charge and. instructions, from beginning to end, were given under a gross misunderstanding of the law.
John II. Kittrell, Attorney-General, for Respondent.
I. The charge of the court, given of its own motion, cannot be considered, because not embodied in the bill of exceptions. (State v. Baker, 8 Nev. 146; States. Forsha, 8 Nev. 139; State v. Burns, 8 Nev. 255; State v. Darling, 4 Nev. 413.)
II. Instruction, not one asked by the prosecution, was intended to apprise the jury of the distinction existing between murder in the first and murder in the second degree. While it does not contain as full and as complete a definition of the 'difference between the two degrees of murder as it might, still the substantial distinction is set forth. It is tantamount to informing the jury that murder in the first degree consists in a deliberate and specific intention to take life, and that where there is an absence of such intent, that it is murdet in the second degree; provided, that nothing was wanting to make the crime murder in the first degree, save the intent previously formed to take life.
For a full discussion of what is murder in the first, and what is murder in the second degree, see Whar. C. L., 2d ed. 170, et seq.; Commomoealth v. Green, 1 Ash. 289; Gornmomuealth v. Murray, 2 Ash. 43; Commonwealth v. Keeper, 2 Ash. 227; People v. Bealoba, 17 Cal. 389. These suggestions also apply to instruction two.
III. There is nothing in the defendant’s testimony which tends to reduce his crime from that of murder to manslaughter. His testimony shows that he fired the fatal shot prompted by deliberate revenge, and not in the heat of blood. This is murder. (Bex v. Thomas, 7 C. & P. 817; State v. Yarbrough, 1 Hawks, 78.)
The law assigns no limits within which cooling time may be said to take place. Every case must depend on its own circumstances; but the time in which an ordinary man, in like circumstances, would have cooled, may be said to be the reasonable time. (State v. McGants, 1 Spear’s, 384; 7 Jones N. C. 206.) For authorities bearing more or less upon the question of provocation and cooling time, see 6 Iredell, 164; 18 Mo. 419; 8 Car. & Payne, 182; 6 Black. 299; 18 Ala. 720; 7 Car. & Payne, 142; 20 Mo. 58.
By the Court,
Beatty, J.:
The defendant in this case appeals from a conviction of murder of the second degree. The principal point made in support of the appeal is that the district court erred in its charge to the jury. But there is nothing in the record to show what the charge of the court was. All that is stated in the bill of exceptions is that “the court then, after argument by counsel, gave to the jury the instructions herein of record, marked plaintiff’s instructions, numbers 1, 2 and 3, and instructions of its own motion.” In The State v. Huff (11 Nev. 22), we commented upon and condemned the practice of referring to loose papers on file in the case instead of incorporating them in the bill of exceptions; but in that case, in the absence of any objection on the part of the state, and because of the fact that all the original papers had been destroyed by fire, we consented to treat the document in question as a part of the record.
Here, however, the objection is taken and urged that the paper copied into this transcript as the charge of the district court, given of its own motion, is not a part of the record, and cannot be considered.
The objection, in our opinion, is well taken. We can look at nothing outside of the record (C. L. 2105), and the charge given by the court of its own motion in a criminal case is not of itself a part of the record, and can only be made so by being included in a bill of exceptions. (C. L. 2051, 2075; State v. Forsha, 8 Nev. 139.) A bald statement, that the court charged the jury of its own motion, does not make the charge so given a part of the bill of exceptions, but merely puts upon record the fact that the court did give an instruction which was not asked. If that fact is all that the party desires to have appear, then his bill of exceptions is sufficient; but if his object is to avail himself of some supposed error in the charge, the charge itself must be put upon record.
Now, it is perfectly apparent that the legislature never intended that the record in a criminal case should consist of a bundle of loose papers. The papers that are to constitute the record or judgment roll are specified in the statute (C. L. 2075), and it is made the duty of the clerk to fasten them together and file them within five days after entry of a judgment of conviction. The bill of exceptions is one of the papers to be so fastened to the rest of the judgment roll before it is filed; but it is no part of the clerk’s duty, aud he has no right to read the bill of exceptions and attach to it, or copy into it, the papers and documents which he may consider are referred to. All he has to do with the bill of exceptions is to attach it to the rest of the record before that is filed. He can neither add to nor subtract from it, but must leave it as it was left by the judge who signed it. If, then, it refers to other papers that are no part of the record, those papers are not bound up in the judgment roll. They remain as they were before, loose, disconnected, unauthenticated, liable to loss, alteration or substitution. It may be that in practice these evils would never be experienced, but the legislative will has been clearly expressed that the record of a conviction in a criminal case shall be made up, authenticated and preserved in a particular mode. There is nothing unreasonable in the statutory requirements, and they ought to be adhered to. If they are adhered to there will be no room for question as to what is and what is not of record; but if they are disregarded, questions may arise as to the genuineness of documents referred to in the bill of exceptions, and when such questions can be avoided they clearly ought to be.
The instructions which the court gave at the request of the prosecution are, however, a part of the record (0. L. 2011, 2012, 2051, 2075), and it is claimed that the following were erroneous:
“ No. 1. The jury are instructed that the true difference between simple murder (or murder of the second degree) and murder of the first degree, under our statute, does not consist in the length of time the assailant must have deliberated, but whether he had, at or before striking the fatal blow or firing the fatal shot, formed the design to slay the deceased. If such design was formed, however recently, it will be murder of the first degree.
“No. 2. The jury are instructed that the premeditation or intent to kill need not be for a day, an hour or even a minute, for if the jury believe from the evidence there was a Resign, a determination, to kill distinctly formed in the mind at any moment before or at the time the pistol was fired, it was a willful, deliberate and premeditated killing, and therefore murder of the first degree.”
In order to a clearer comprehension of the points made in reference to these instructions a brief recital of the substance of the testimony will be necessary.
According to the testimony for the state the defendant shot and killed another Chinaman while he was under arrest in the hands of an officer, and just as he was being carried into jail. The defendant, testifying in his own behalf, admitted the killing, but stated that a very short time previous thereto he had witnessed an altercation between the deceased and his (defendant’s) brother, which ended in the shooting and wounding of his brother by the deceased; that he had asked the deceased why he shot his brother; that the deceased replied that it was none of his business, and that if he did not look out he would kill him, too; that he (defendant) thereupon stepped into his house, thirty feet distant, and armed himself with a pistol; that he came out, saw the deceased pursued and captured by the officers, intercepted him at the door of the jail and shot him. It was a clear case of a voluntary and unlawful killing on the defendant’s own statement of the circumstances, and the only question was as to the degree of his guilt, whether murder of the first degree, murder of the second degree, or manslaughter. It seems to have been conceded in the district court, on all sides, that the provocation (seeing his brother shot by deceased) was sufficient in law to mitigate the crime of defendant to manslaughter, provided he acted under the impulse of passion and before the expiiation of reasonable cooling time, and the instructions asked by the defendant and given by the court cover these points. The following is one of the instructions so asked and given:
“The jury are instructed that the killing of a human being upon sudden heat of passion, caused by a provocation sufficiently strong to make the passion irresistible, the killing is manslaughter, and not murder, provided that sufficient cooling time did not intervene between the provocation and the killing for the voice of reason to be heard. Tbe law assigns no limit within which cooling time may be said to take place. Every case must depend on its own circumstances, and if you find from the evidence in.this case that the defendant, upon sudden heat of passion, caused by provocation sufficiently strong to make the passion irresistible, and that sufficient cooling time did not intervene, you will find the defendant guilty of manslaughter.”
It is evident that a clerical mistake has occurred in the copying of this instruction, but it shows clearly enough that the jury was instructed in language of his own choosing, and in terms quite as favorable as the law warrants, that the defendant was only guilty of manslaughter, if he acted under the impulse of passion, caused by a sufficient provocation, and before the intervention of reasonable cooling time. He can certainly have no fault to find as to the manner in which the law of voluntary manslaughter was laid down. And,if the jury attended to this instruction, and understood its ¿neaning, we must conclude that in convicting him of mu/rder in the second degree, they decided, as a matter of fact, either that he had never been impelled by passion, or tliat it had had time to subside before the shooting. The testimony in tlie case would have well warranted either finding. From the defendant’s own account of the transaction, he appears to have proceeded with the utmost coolness and deliberation throughout, and there was other testimony strongly tending to negative the existence of uncontrollable passion at the time of the shooting.
This made it proper for the prosecution to ask the court for instructions, based upon the hypothesis that, at the time of the shootiúg, the defendant’s mind was free from passion and under the dominion of reason; and it is upon that hypothesis that the two instructions first above quoted are evidently based. They are not to be read by themselves, but in connection with each other and the rest of the charge. So read, we do not think they can have prejudiced the defendant.
Taking the second one alone, out of its context, it will, perhaps, bear the construction which defendant puts upon it; and whether a lawyer would or would not understand from it that a bare intent to kill makes the killing murder, it is certainly not improbable that a jury might understand it in that sense. Of course, if a jury were so instructed in a case like this, it would be error. In all cases of voluntary manslaughter, such as defendant contended this was, there is an intent to kill. But it is supposed in such cases that the slayer is incapable of exercising his reasoning faculties on account of the predominance of passion, and it is therefore said that there is no deliberation and no malice aforethought. In order that the intent to kill may ^constitute express malice, it must be formed in a mind free from irresistible passion and capable of reason. If, instead ,of this, the intent to kill is the result of a mere blind impialse of passion, the killing cannot be murder in the first degree, and will not even be murder in the second degree unless the passion was caused by an insufficient provocation or a Reasonable cooling time had elapsed before the killing. Therefore, we say again, that if the jury in this case had befen instructed that a bare intent to kill on the part of the diefendant made liis crime murder, the instruction would have been erroneous, and tbe judgment ought to be reversed. But we do not tbink tbe instructions complained of, read in connection witb tbe rest of tbe charge, could have been so understood. They undertake to state tbe distinction between murder of tbe first and murder of tbe second degree. In another instruction, tbe jury are told that if there was sufficient provocation, irresistible passion, and no sufficient cooling time, tbe defendant is only guilty of manslaughter. But suppose there was no passion sufficient to overpower tbe reason, or suppose a reasonable cooling time bad elapsed before tbe killing? This hypothesis is not expressed in tbe instructions, but is implied, and on such hypothesis they do not misstate tbe law, at least not in a manner that could possibly have prejudiced tbe defendant. Tbe expressions which occur throughout tbe instructions, such as “ premeditation,” “deliberation,” “design, determination, distinctly formed in the mind,” all imply tbe absence of overpowering passion, so that tbe instructions really mean this: If tbe defendant, instead of being impelled by passion was impelled by deliberate revenge — if be was under tbe control, instead of being beyond the control, of bis reason —it matters not bow instantaneously be may have acted upon tbe design to kill, be was guilty of murder in tbe first degree.
If this was tbe meaning of tbe instructions, and read in connection witb tbe instruction in regard to manslaughter, we tbink they must have been so understood; then they stated tbe law applicable to this case correctly. If a killing is unlawful, and if there was a design to kill distinctly formed in tbe mind of tbe slayer — if tbe intent to kill existed in a mind controlled by reason and not impelled by passion — an instant before striking tbe fatal blow, tbe killing is murder of tbe first degree. Tbe time a man deliberates is wholly immaterial. Tbe question is: has be deliberated at all? and whether be has or not depends solely upon whether bis mind, at tbe moment of such intentional killing, is or not under the dominion of reason. If be is capable of deliberation bis intent to kill must be deliberate, and there is express malice. This doctrine is elementary. The text-books are full of it, and all the authorities sustain it.
"We wish to say, however, in conclusion, that we do not approve these instructions as models to be followed hereafter. The most that can be said in their favor is that in this case they did not prejudice the defendant. The first appears to have been drawn from the opinion of the chief justice in Millain’s case. The language of that opinion was proper enough in the connection in which it was used, but it is neither a full nor a perfectly clear statement of the distinction between the two degrees of murder, and there are many cases in which it would be confusing, if not absolutely erroneous. The second is still more objectionable. Its meaning is not clear, but ambiguous and indefinite. It is susceptible of a construction according to which it would be erroneous, and, but for the clear and definite instruction on the subject of voluntary manslaughter by which it was accompanied and qualified in this case, must have been so construed.
The judgment of the district court is affirmed.
Hawley, C. J.,
dissenting:
With that portion of the opinion of the court which decides that the instructions given by the court of its own motion cannot be considered, because not embodied in the bill of exceptions, I fully concur.
I also agree with the court that instruction number one given at the request of the prosecution, does not correctly state the true rule between murder of the first and murder of the second degree. But I dissent from some of the views expressed by the court relative to instruction number two.
In this case it is very properly admitted by the attorney-general and by the court that the second instruction, standing alone, is ambiguous and susceptible of an erroneous construction. This being true, upon what hypothesis can it be considered as correct ? In what portions of the other instructions are any words to be found Avhich qualify, relate to, or in any other manner explain the language or cover tbe principle of law intended to be contained in this instruction? Can we interpolate qualifications that do not anywhere appear in any of the instructions given ? It seems to me that if any effect is to be given to the language used, as expressing the intention of the court giving it, it means just what it says and nothing else.
Admitting that the instruction relating to voluntary manslaughter was proper, yet neither in it or elsewhere is there any attempt to draw the line distinguishing murder from manslaughter. The jury was not told that if the defendant was not controlled by passion, but was impelled by deliberate revenge, or if he was under the control of his reason, then if he had formed the deliberate design to kill, even for an instant, it was murder in the first degree;nor in my judgment can any such meaning be reasonably implied from the language of the instruction. On the other hand, it does appear to me that the jury was in effect told that notwithstanding the facts stated in the instruction defining manslaughter, yet, to quote the language of the instruction, “if the jury believe from the evidence there was a design, a determination, distinctly formed in the mind at any moment before or at the time the pistol was fired, it was a willful, deliberate and premeditated killing, and therefore murder in the first degree.” This is not the law. When the facts of a homicide clearly show that the killing was done with an intent to take life, and the act of killing is not accompanied by any circumstances of justification, extenuation or excuse, as recognized by law, then the act of killing would be murder, and in such a case the deliberate and premeditated intent to kill need not, in order to make it murder of the first degree, have existed for any given length of time, it being sufficient that such intent actually existed before the commission of the act from which death ensued. ‘ ‘ But, ” as was said by Christiancy, J., in Maher v. The People, “if the act of killing, though intentional, be committed under the influence of passion or in heat of blood, produced by an adequate or reasonable provocation, and before a reasonable time has elapsed for the blood to cool and reason to resuine its habitual control, and is the result of the temporary excitement by which the control of reason was disturbed rather than of any wickedness of heart, or cruelty, or recklessness of disposition, then the law, out of indulgence to the frailty of human nature, or rather in recognition of the laws upon which human nature is constituted, very properly regards the offense of a less heinous character than murder, and gives it the designation of manslaughter.” (10 Mich., 219).
It does not appear in any of the instructions presented by the record, that the jury was informed that, if the act of killing was intentional, the offense might, nevertheless, be reduced to manslaughter, if committed “upon a sudden heat of passion caused by a provocation apparently sufficient to make the passion irresistible.” (1 Comp. L. 2324.) The distinction between murder and manslaughter does not depend upon the question whether there was an intent to kill. (2 Bish. on Or. L. 676; Lewis, U. S. Cr. L. 396; Dennison v. The State, 13 Ind. 510; Maria v. The State, 28 Tex. 698; People v. Fred, 48 Cal. 436.) “Whether the homicide amounts to murder, or manslaughter merely,” to quote the language of Niles, J., in the case last cited, “does not depend upon the presence or absence of the intent to kill. In either case there may be a present intention to kill at the moment of the commission of the act. But when the mortal blow is struck in the heat of passion * * * the law, out of forbearance for the weakness of human nature, will disregard the actual intent, and will reduce the offense to manslaughter. In such a case, although the intent to kill exists, it is not that deliberate and malicious intent which is an essential element in the crime of murder.”
In the absence of any explanation as to the difference between miprder and manslaughter in cases like the present, where there is an intent to take life, it does not appear to me that the jury could have understood the instruction in any other sense than that which its language imports. It may be that the evidence in this case would have justified the jury in finding the defendant guilty of murder in the first degree, but there was evidence tending to show that the act of killing was the result of a sudden and violent impulse of passion, produced by an adequate provocation, sufficient to reduce the degree of crime to manslaughter, and hence the defendant was entitled to have correct instructions given upon this point; and having been convicted of murder in the second degree, the error in the instruction was, in my opinion, of such a character that it may have misled the jury to the defendant’s prejudice.
I differ from the court in its conclusions that the words “premeditated,” “a design, a determination, to kill, distinctly formed in the mind,” as used in the instruction, were sufficient to inform the jury of the distinction which it is claimed was intended to be made by the court below. The word “premeditated” is used as synonymous with “intent,” and hence, in determining what was meant, we must leave it out, and there is no other word or expression in this instruction which necessarily implies “ deliberation and malice aforethought,” without which the offense of murder in the first degree cannot be established. The legal definition of the word “intention,” according to Bouvier, is “ a design, resolve or determination of the mind,” so that in the legal, as well as ordinary signification of the words, the jury may have understood the instruction to mean: That if there was an intent to kill at any moment before or at the time the pistol was fired, “it was a willful, deliberate and premeditated killing, and therefore murder in the first degree.” In this case, although there was an intention to kill, yet if the jury believed from the evidence that the killing was “without malice, express or implied, and without any mixture of deliberation,” the crime was only manslaughter. (1 Comp. L. 2324.) It is not, perhaps, necessary that the court should give instructions embodying all the distinctions between the different degrees of crime. As long as the court gives correct instructions, the defendant cannot complain. If he wishes more explicit instructions, he must prepare them, and ask the court to give them. I agree with the court, that when the instructions, construed together as a whole, clearly set forth the law of the case, an ambiguity in some portion thereof will not necessarily vitiate the verdict. But when an error does clearly appear in an instruction given by the court, and the error has not been cured by other instructions, it must in some manner affirmatively appear that the defendant could not have been prejudiced by the error. In my opinion it does not so appear in this case.
I think the judgment ought to be reversed.
A rehearing was granted in this case at the request of counsel for appellant, to enable them to fully argue the points upon which they relied for a reversal. In the petition for a rehearing, counsel for appellant, among other things, contended that the second instruction discussed in the opinions was a flagrant violation of the law; that it was not cured by any other instruction; that there were no other instructions which either modified or added to it; that it was an attempt to define murder, and that the instruction referred to by the court is one defining manslaughter. That the jury, after reading this instruction, if they were of the opinion that the defendant had formed a design to kill at any time before the fatal act, might have then stopped and found the defendant guilty of the higher offense without disregarding the definition of manslaughter in instruction number three, because in instruction number two the entire proposition is that if the design is formed before the killing, then the crime is murder. The jury accept that as a fact to control them; there is no qualification of it, no modification. It is a statement of an abstract legal proposition, to hold good in all cases. In other words, the test whereby to determine whether the offense be murder or manslaughter is, was there a distinct design formed to kill before the fatal act? That the instruction means nothing else, and cannot mean anything else, with any kind of regard for the use of language. The jury, being so instructed, may have found the defendant guilty of murder, provided they believed such design did exist or was formed, and they could have so concluded without doing violence to the instruction defining manslaughter, because instruction number two is to the effect that, if there be a design to kill, then the killing is murder, while the manslaughter defined by tbe judge may be a killing upon a provocation without any such preconceived design, and a jury simply looking to the language in which they were instructed could come to no other conclusion.
Upon a rehearing the following opinions were filed at the October term, 1877:
By the Court,
Beatty, J.:
It is a subject of regret with the court that counsel for appellant did not avail themselves of the opportunity of a rehearing to elaborate their views of this case in an oral argument. The rehearing was ordered, not because we were convinced by the arguments advanced in the petition that our former decision was erroneous, but because, on account of the division of opinion in the court and the suggestion of counsel that they had been misled by the absence of the attorney-general at the time the case was first argued, we were desirous of affording them an opportunity to reply to the points made by the attorney-general and to convince us of our error, if we had committed one. They have chosen, however, to resubmit the case on their original brief, and their petition for a rehearing — assuming that the questions involved are too plain to admit of a difference of opinion, and that our former decision was the result of inadvertance and want of consideration. Counsel are mistaken in supposing that the case was decided without full consideration of all the points of their argument, or without a thorough knowledge of all that is contained in the record. The views of counsel are, in the main, those which were adopted in the dissenting opinion of the chief justice, and the fact that he differed with the other members of the court led to a thorough reconsideration of the majority opinion before it was filed. Upon such reconsideration we were satisfied, as we still are, that the decision was correct. We have only to regret that we did not modify one or two unguarded expressions in the opinion, which have led to a misconception of its meaning. We think that on a careful reading it ought not to be misunderstood; but, since it has been misunderstood by counsel for appellant, we are glad of the opportunity to restate our position more clearly, if we can.
We will, however, before adverting to the point as to which we have been, misunderstood, pay some attention to other matters dwelt upon in the petition for rehearing.
Vigorous exception is taken to the opinion imputed to the court that the verdict in this case was a proper one. Counsel “ protest that there is no case on record where a man was convicted, by an impartial jury,.of murder upon the facts developed in this case.” They “can account for the verdict upon no hypothesis except that it was the result of hatred of Chinamen, with the fear of newspaper censure, together with the bold and glaring misstatements of the law by the court below.” They assert that “ the evidence all through shows that the defendant was acting under the most uncontrollable passion, induced by an act that would have impelled any rational being to do what he did.”
“Let us suppose,” they say, “that a white man finds his brother shot down in cold blood. If, under such circumstances, he should immediately procure a weapon and kill the murderer of his brother, will any one say that such a man is guilty of murder ? We venture the statement that no jury in creation would convict him of any such crime, and ninety-nine out of a hundred would unhesitatingly acquit him altogether, and yet this court say that the jury in this case properly convicted this defendant. We cannot believe that the court has read the evidence with that care that it should.”
This vehemence of statement is perhaps not unbecoming, and at all events is pardonable, in counsel, whose sympathy for their client in cases of this character may always be expected to cloud their judgment to a greater or less extent, but we must be allowed to protest that we expressed no opinion as to the propriety of the verdict in this case. All we said, and all we were called upon to say, was that, under the testimony, which would have well warranted the jury in finding either that there' was no uncontrollable passion or that there was cooling time, it was proper' for the court to give instructions based upon that hypothesis. We venture still to adhere to that opinion, and should do so even though the testimony for the defense had been as strong as counsel represent it. A prima facie case of murder was proved. The court could not assume that the jury would believe the testimony as to mitigating circumstances, but, on the contrary, had to assume, in giving its instructions, that, on the question of sufficient provocation or reasonable cooling time, the finding of the jury might be against the defendant. So the point decided would have been correctly decided if the testimony had been such as counsel imagine it to have been. But in truth the case bears a very slight resemblance to the version of it which we have quoted from the petition for a rehearing. ¥e should be sorry to be understood as saying that this verdict — murder of the second degree — was exactly the proper one. What we said, and what we repeat is, that the evidence warranted a graver verdict. The defendant did not “ find his brother shot down in cold blood.” He and his brother were in the street in front of Ah Long’s house. His brother was assailing Ah Long with the foulest and most abusive epithets, and challenging him to come out. He came out, not in cold blood, but in response to challenges and insults. He shot at defendant’s brother, but there is no testimony that he brought him down, or even injured him seriously. All we know is that itwas a flesh wound. Ah Long, then, was not the “murderer” of defendant’s brother, and his conduct was not unprovoked. If we were to adopt the notions of counsel, that the law ought to be made to fit the verdicts that the juries of the country have found, or would or would not find, we-might even say that Ah Long was justified; for we are not without experience in this state of verdicts of acquittal under circumstances quite as unfavorable to the defendants as these were to Ah Long.
The defendant did not kill Ah Long “immediately.” He was not seized with a sudden, uncontrollable impulse to slay. He did not rush off at once to procure a deadly weapon, but stopped to ask Ah Long why he had shot his brother. On receiving a threatening answer, he went and got his pistol for the purpose, he says, of shooting Ah Long “if he saw him.” On this testimony alone it would have appeared that he got his pistol, not as a means of gratifying an impulse of passion, but as a measure of precaution or means of revenge. But his subsequent conduct is still more significant. Did he start in headlong pursuit of Ah Long, impelled by overmastering passion to seek his life, and oblivious of everything else? He did the very opposite. He saw the police capture Ah Long, gave up the pursuit himself without going near him at that time, and went for a surgeon to attend his brother’s wound. His passion was so far under his control that he could suspend the gratification of it until his brother was provided with a surgeon. This circumstance alone negatives the idea of irresistible passion, for unless counsel are going to contend— and it would be suicidal to do so — that he calculated upon getting a surgeon for his brother and getting back to the jail in time to intercept Ah Long before he was locked up, it proves that he had laid aside the notion of killing him for the time being.
• Moreover, there was, in the situation of Ah Long at the moment he was shot, much to disarm the passion of a reasonable man. He was a captive in the custody of the officers of the law, disarmed, helpless, and at the very door of the jail.
It was upon such testimony as this that the jury had to decide. We have not said, and we are not called upon to say, whether their verdict was the proper one or not. We are quite willing to say, however, that if it had been murder of the first degree, instead of murder of the second degree, it would have been well warranted by the testimony of the defendant himself. The verdict that was found, we think, may be accounted for without reference to hatred of Chinamen, fear of newspaper censure, or any supposed errors in the instructions. If the jury, giving the prisoner the benefit of every reasonable doubt, thought that he killed the deceased under the influence of uncontrollable passion, and without any mixture of deliberation, and if at the same-time they thought that the circumstances were not such as to justify the existence or persistence of irresistible passion in a reasonable man, their verdict was perfectly consistent with the law, and was based upon a very charitable view of the defendant’s conduct.
Another matter to be disposed of before coming to the two instructions which were discussed in our former opinion, is the claim of counsel that, although the instructions which are said to have been given by the district court of its own motion are not in the record, and cannot, therefore, be made the basis of our decision, they ought, nevertheless, to be considered to a certain extent, and allowed some undefined weight in shaping our conclusions.
We think it ought not to be necessary to say that it is the duty of this court to decide the questions of law that are properly presented for its decision, without allowing itself to be prejudiced or influenced by matters of which it cannot take judicial cognizance. If these supposed instructions are not in the record, we do not know that they were ever given. If, notwithstanding our duty to ignore them, wo should choose to believe that they were given in the case, and if we should also consider them as flagrantly erroneous and as prejudicial to the defendant, as in the opinion of his counsel they were, we might not be able to consider the questions presented by the record as impartially as Ave ought, but just so far as we allowed ourselves to be influenced by such extraneous matters we should be derelict. What is in the record it is our duty to allow its full weight; Avhat is not in the record cannot be used as a make-weight to eke out an argument that would be incomplete Avithout it.
We come uoav to instructions numbers one and two, upon the construction of which our decision must turn. It is constantly assumed in the petition for a rehearing that, in our former opinion, we conceded those instructions to be clearly erroneous; that, taken by themselves, they misstated the law of this case. A careful reading of that opinion will convince counsel of their mistake. We never decided, and never intended to decide, the proposition which they so vigorously combat. We never entertained the opinion that where two instructions are given covering the same point, one clearly erroneous and the other clearly correct, that the erroneous instruction is cured by the correct one. The proposition we endeavored to state and to enforce was this: Where two instructions are given on the same point, one clearly and unequivocally correct, the other ambiguous and susceptible of two constructions, according to one of which it is correct, but according to the other of which it is erroneous, since it is the duty of the jury to read and consider all the instructions together, they will put that construction upon the doubtful one which makes it consistent with the other, and reject that construction which brings the two in conflict. This is a principle of construction universally acknowledged, because it is obviously a reasonable principle, and because any contrary principio would be as obviously unreasonable.
Now, we did not assume in our former opinion all that we are charged with having assumed, but we do assume some things that the counsel think ought not to be assumed. It is the duty of juries to read and consider all the instructions of the court, and we presume that they do so. It is their duty to understand the instructions, and we assumed that, in the effort to find out their meaning, they resort to the same reasonable and obvious principles of construction by which courts are guided in the interpretation of a doubtful clause of a statute or a contract. Of course, if these assumptions are unfounded, our decision of this case is all wrong; but we' entertain no doubt of their correctness, and we think they fully support everything that has been decided.
We did not say in our former opinion that instruction number two misstated the law applicable to this case. We said that, taken by itself, it would bear the construction placed upon it by counsel, and that a jury might understand it in that sense. We said in One place, speaking of both instructions, “on such hypothesis they do not misstate the law; at least not in a manner which could possibly have prejudiced the defendant.” Here is an admission that in some particular they do misstate the law, and so they do. They assume to state the distinction, and the whole distinction, between murder of the first and murder of the second degree; but they fail to do so, for the reason that there are cases of murder in •which the intent to kill need not exist, as where a killing is perpetrated in the commission or attempt to commit a felony. The same defect of these instructions is again alluded to at the close of the opinion, where it is said, speaking of number one: “It is neither a full nor a perfectly clear statement,” etc. It is not a full statement of the distinction between the two degrees of murder, because there is a class of cases in which the intent to kill need not exist. Therefore, because it assumed to be what it was not, we refrained, out of abundant caution, from saying unqualifiedly that it did not misstate the law, contenting ourselves with saying that it did not misstate the law of this particular case.
We said again, at the very close of the opinion, speaking of number two: “It is susceptible of a construction according to which it would be erroneous, and but for the clear and definite instruction on the subject of voluntary manslaughter, by which it was accompanied and qualified in this case, it must have been so construed.” We thought this expression was sufficiently guarded, but, perhaps, it was not. We did not mean that, if this instruction had stood alone and unqualified, the jury must have understood it in an erroneous sense; but merely this, that, as they might have so understood it, tue must have so construed it in .order to protect the defendant from a possible injury. It will be seen that this meaning is entirely consistent with the whole of the opinion, and that any other meaning is inconsistent with it. We thought it proper to express our disapproval of these instructions as models to be followed hereafter, but we stated explicitly our reasons for such disapproval. The instructions are not full, and they are not clear. Because they assume to state broadly the distinction between the two degrees of murder, and fail to do so, they are inaccurate; because, standing by themselves, they might be understood to mean that the bare intent to take life makes a homicide murder, they are not clear. These were the grounds, expressly stated, of our disapproval of them, and neither of these grounds avails in this case. There was no question here of a homicide committed in the perpetration or attempt to perpetrate a felony; and that sense of the instructions in which they would have been erroneous was excluded by the clear and unequivocal meaning of another instruction.
Trusting that we have made the meaning of our former opinion clear, we will now proceed to consider the objections of appellant to what we did decide. He contends that there is no language in instruction number two which implies deliberation, and nothing in the instruction asked by himself that excludes the notion that a bare intent to kill makes a killing murder.
It is agreed upon all sides that an intent to kill exists in all cases of voluntary manslaughter, but in such cases the killing is intentional only in the sense of not accidental; it is voluntary, not the result of inadvertence. In voluntary manslaughter there must be no mixture of deliberation. The passion must be such as to exclude the power of reflection. The language of the instruction is: “A design, a determination, to kill, distinctly formed in the mind.” We think these words do, in their natural sense, imply deliberation. Certainly they mean a great deal more than the simple impulse to slay which characterizes manslaughter. The word “determination ” in this instruction is not used in any technieal sense; in fact, it has no technical sense in which it means less than it does in its popular signification. Webster defines it to be a “decision of a question in the mind; firm resolution; settled purpose.” Can it be said that a question can be decided, a wavering resolution made firm, or a hesitating purpose settled without'deliberation ?
The chief justice, in his dissenting opinion, has brought forward Bouvier’s definition of the word “intention” to prove that it means as much as “ determination,” and therefore that “determination to kill distinctly formed in the mind,” means no more than the impulse to slay which exists in manslaughter. We think there is a fallacy in this argument. Bouvier gives to the word “ intention” its broadest technical meaning — that Avhich is common to it as used not only in reference to criminal acts, but also in speaking of the intention of a testator; of the parties to a contract; of the legislature. In all these cases the word implies the maturest deliberation, and it is the full equivalent of ‘ ‘ determination.” In reference to criminal acts, also, it is the exception, and not the rule, for intention to mean anything less than a deliberate purpose.' Out of the long list of crimes there are but two or three in which the intention to do the forbidden act can arise from a mere impulse of passion. To prove, then, that intention usually means as much as determination, does not prove that the latter ever means less than it is defined to mean, viz: The decision of a question in the mind; a firm resolution; a settled purpose. We remain of the opinion that the language of the instruction, strictly construed, does imply deliberation.
But we have conceded that it might have been misunder. stood if it had not been for the instruction given at defendant’s request, and counsel argue that that instruction could not have been taken to qualify the other in any way, because it related to another matter. One was on the subject of murder, they say, and the other on the subject of manslaughter. In answer to this objection we say murder and manslaughter are degrees of the same offense. If an instruction can be framed to define the one without in some measure defining the other, this case, at all events, does not illustrate the possibility. An instruction which tells a jury that “killing upon sudden heat of passion,” etc., is manslaughter, and not murder, may be fairly said to be on the subject of murder.
But counsel still contend that if this instruction is read in connection with the other, there is nothing in it to exclude the notion that a bare intent to kill makes the killing murder in all cases, even though it be a mere impulse of uncontrollable passion caused by an adequate provocation. It certainly does, exclude any such notion unless it can be maintained that this jury, in the face of the uncontradicted testimony of all the witnesses, including the defendant, might have understood the court to mean that if the defendant accidentally or inadvertently killed the deceased while laboring under the influence of uncontrollable passion, then onfy was the killing manslaughter and not murder. But to adopt this view would, it seems to us, be equivalent to denying the jury any share of common sense. When people talk of a killing being done under the influence of sudden passion, they are never understood to be talking about an accidental or involuntary killing, and if it could be supposed that any jury ever would understand such language in such a sense, this jury at least could not have done so. The instructions must have been understood as having some reference to the testimony in the case, and there was no question here of an accidental killing. The killing was admitted, and the defendant swore that he armed himself for the very purpose of doing it.
Finally, it may be said that it is certain that this jury could not have understood the instructions complained of to mean that a bare intent to kill, without premeditation or deliberation, makes an unlawful killing murder. If they had so understood, they would have been compelled to find a verdict of murder in the first degree. The theory of counsel is, that the jurors in this case were impelled, by hatred of Chinamen and fear of the newspapers, to deal severely with the defendant, and that they understood the court to instruct them, that if the defendant killed Ah Long intentionally he was guilty not of simple murder, but of murder in the first degree. The fact that the killing was intentional was rendered certain by the testimony of the defendant himself. It follows that the duty and the inclination of the jurors concurred in demanding a verdict of murder in the first degree. But they found murder in the second degree. What sort of a theory is it which supposes that jurors will violate their sworn duty in order to go counter to their wishes and their fears ?
The judgment is affirmed.
Hawley, O. J.,
dissenting:
I adhere to the views expressed in my dissenting opinion, and, for the reasons therein stated, I think the judgment ought to be reversed.
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CASELAW
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Talk:Statute of Uses/GA1
GA Review
The edit link for this section can be used to add comments to the review.''
Reviewer: Sh i r ik ( Questions or Comments? ) 21:16, 24 January 2010 (UTC)
Well written
* (a) the prose is clear and the spelling and grammar are correct
* The prose is relatively good. There are a few concerns of sentences that run-on slightly or are a bit wordy, combining two topics which would be better served as two distinct sentences.
* "The Statute was originally conceived by Henry VIII of England as a way to rectify his financial problems by simplifying the often-confusing law of uses, one of the applications of which moved land outside the royal tax revenue, traditionally gathered through seisin."
* ✅ Addressed
* "Academics disagree on how the Commons brought around, with Holdsworth saying that the lawyers were swayed to support Henry, but an eventual set of bills introduced in 1535 were passed by both the Lords and Commons."
* With regards to the second quote, "how the Commons brought around" should be reworded to be more clear.
* In addition, I think the following section from the lede is made a bit unclear due to the included quote. Perhaps the quote is better suited for the main section.
* ✅ Addressed
* "While most agree that it was important, with Eric Ives writing that 'the importance of the Statute of Uses is beyond doubt. The effect which its provisions had upon the development of English land law was revolutionary, and from it have grown the crucial doctrines of the trust', some say that by allowing uses and devises in certain areas it not only failed to remove the fraudulent element from land law but actively encouraged it."
* ✅ Addressed
* On a side note, while this is not a GA concern, it is a concern that should be addressed anyway. A few sections use passive voice to discuss content where active voice would be superior. I may try to address these issues post-review. An example is this section, which would be better as "but it again met resistance":
* "The Parliament of 1532 saw another attempt by Henry to push the bill through, but it was again resisted; while the support of the nobility was valuable, it was useless in the Commons."
* Addressed; there may be more uses of passive voice, but this is not a GAC concern.
* (b) it complies with the manual of style guidelines for lead sections, layout, jargon, words to avoid, fiction, and list incorporation
* Solid all-around.
Factually written and verifiable
* (a) it provides references to all sources of information in the section(s) dedicated to the attribution of these sources according to the guide to layout
* Good
* (b) it provides in-line citations from reliable sources for direct quotations, statistics, published opinion, counter-intuitive or controversial statements that are challenged or likely to be challenged, and contentious material relating to living persons—science-based articles should follow the scientific citation guidelines
* Almost perfect. There is one item I think is missing a reference in the final paragraph:
* The reference is the same reference in the next sentence, so the citation is accurate.
* "Academic assessment of the Statute was initially disparaging, with some saying that it added at most 'three words to a conveyance', but it was understood to be important by lawyers of the time and in the modern era."
* (c) it contains no original research
* Well-referenced content
Broad in its coverage
* (a) it addresses the main aspects of the topic
* The topic appears to be covered.
* (b) it stays focused on the topic without going into unnecessary detail (see summary style).
* The topic does not go off on tangents but addresses needed content.
Neutral
* it represents viewpoints fairly and without bias.
* Neutrality is maintained while addressing both sides of the debate in the statute's passing.
Stable
* it does not change significantly from day-to-day because of an ongoing edit war or content dispute.
* Not even close to an edit war.
Illustrated, if possible
* (a) images are tagged with their copyright status, and valid fair use rationales are provided for non-free content
* All images are public-domain.
* (b) images are relevant to the topic, and have suitable captions
* OK, but it may be reasonable to add an infobox similar to the GA Territorial and Reserve Forces Act 1907.
General comments
The prose could use a little work. It is not poor by any standards, but it is a little heavy. The concerns in the first section of the review summarize this problem. Overall, the article is good, it just needs a little trimming and a second look.
Overall
On hold while the above concerns are addressed.
* Think I've got all of it; tell me if there are any passive voice concerns. The "unreferencedd" quote uses the Ives inline. Ironholds (talk) 06:14, 25 January 2010 (UTC)
* Looks good after adjustments. Overall pass. -- Sh i r ik ( Questions or Comments? ) 10:38, 25 January 2010 (UTC)
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WIKI
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Tissue Allograft Therapy For Tendonitis
Tendon disorders are extremely common in athletes or individuals who consistently put wear and tear on their body. For reference, tendons are connective tissue holding muscles to bones and are the reason why your body moves as they play a vital role in holding the structure together. They’re long cord-like fibrous tissue which often resembles rope with a highly resilient nature to them due to the stress they go through. If damaged, a tendon can significantly reduce the range of motion for an individual, not to mention be very painful for anyone experiencing the tear. Conventional medicine has quite a few treatment options with a range of effectiveness, but tissue allograft therapy is gaining traction as a viable method to help reduce tendonitis and produce lasting symptom relief. We’re going to discuss how tissue allograft therapy can help an individual with tendonitis.
What Is Tendonitis And Who Gets It?
Put simply, tendonitis is the inflammation or irritation of a tendon due to overuse or trauma. Anybody can get tendonitis and it’s a very common injury, however it’s often a common occurance to those individuals who practice a repetitive motion. In fact, over 50% of all athletes experience tendonitis in their career.
Tendonitis can occur anywhere there are tendons connecting to bones, however they frequently occur in the following locations:
• Elbows
• Hips
• Shoulders
• Knees
• Heels
These locations are where most wear and tear will occur from physical activities.
Final Thoughts
Recent studies are showing promising results for patients suffering from tendon tears. There’s a good body of evidence suggesting tendons can undergo regeneration through the implantation of tissue allograft therapy. Whether you have tennis elbow, runner’s knee, swimmer shoulder, or just inflammation from gardening, regenerative medicine may be an option for you. If you’re interested in learning more contact LUX Therapeutics for information.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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TABLE 1
Effects of AmB and allicin and their combination on promastigotes of Leishmania infantum determined by alamarBlue assaya
D1-D2 combination ratioAmB concn (μM)Allicin concn (μM)Growth Inhibition (%)bmDm (μM)r
0.01:50.00251.253.5 ± 0.59
0.0052.53.4 ± 0.98
0.0153.5 ± 0.45
0.02103.6 ± 2.84
0.042015.0 ± 1.32
0.084099.0 ± 0.03
0.168099.0 ± 0.022.65511.710.90
0.01:100.00252.53.1 ± 1.54
0.00553.3 ± 1.49
0.01104.0 ± 2.02
0.022052.0 ± 2.22
0.044097.0 ± 1.65
0.088099.0 ± 0.11
0.1616099.0 ± 0.121.99821.960.91
0.01:200.002551.42 ± 1.05
0.005102.09 ± 1.13
0.012037.5 ± 1.52
0.024089.0 ± 2.31
0.048099.0 ± 0.07
0.0816099.0 ± 0.04
0.1632099.0 ± 0.022.47826.300.94
• a Drugs were combined at constant ratios (0.01:5, 0.01:10, and 0.01:20) and their dose-effect parameters were assessed by the Chou-Talalay method (17) using CalcuSyn software. Dm (median-effect dose) signifies the potency and it is the concentration which inhibits cell growth by 50%; m is the shape of the dose-effect curve, where m values of 1, >1, and <1 indicate hyperbolic, sigmoidal, and flat sigmoidal curves, respectively; r represents the linear correlation coefficient of the median-effect plot (conformity of the data to the mass action law principle). The m, Dm (μM), and r values for AmB (drug 1 [D1]) were 1.451, 0.09, and 0.86, respectively, and those for allicin (D2) were 2.066, 22.13, and 0.90, respectively.
• b Results are expressed as the means ± standard deviations of three independent experiments.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Pamela FELTER, Charles Felter and Sarah Felter, a minor, Plaintiffs, v. CAPE GIRARDEAU SCHOOL DISTRICT, et al., Defendants.
No. 1:92CV0014SNL.
United States District Court, E.D. Missouri, Southeastern Division.
Jan. 19, 1993.
Order on Reconsideration Feb. 4, 1993.
Gail Wechsler, Kenneth Chackes, St. Louis, MO, for plaintiffs.
John J. Horgan, Moser and Marsalek, St. Louis, MO, for defendants.
MEMORANDUM
LIMBAUGH, District Judge.
This matter is before the Court upon plaintiffs’ Motion for Partial Summary Judgment on the issue of liability and on plaintiffs’ claims for declaratory and injunctive relief. Plaintiffs filed a four-count Complaint alleging that defendants, in refusing to provide transportation from plaintiff Sarah Felter’s parochial school to her special education classes at public school, have: (1) violated plaintiff Sarah Felter’s right to a free and appropriate public education in violation of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (hereinafter “IDEA”) and its implementing regulations; (2) violated the Rehabilitation Act, 29 U.S.C. § 794 and its implementing regulations; (3) violated plaintiffs’ rights to the free exercise of religion in violation of the First and Fourteenth Amendments of the U.S. Constitution and 42 U.S.C. § 1983, and plaintiffs’ right to liberty of conscience and belief in violation of Art. I, Sec. 5 of the Missouri Constitution; and (4) denying plaintiffs’ Equal Protection of the law in violation of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments of the U.S. Constitution, 42 U.S.C. § 1983, and Art. I, Sec. 2 of the Missouri Constitution.
I. Standard for Summary Judgment
Courts have repeatedly recognized that summary judgment is a harsh remedy that should be granted only when the moving party has established his right to judgment with such clarity as not to give rise to controversy. New England Life Mut. Ins. Co. v. Null, 554 F.2d 896, 901 (8th Cir. 1977). Summary judgment motions, however, “can be a tool of great utility in removing factually insubstantial cases from crowded dockets, freeing courts’ trial time for those that really do raise genuine issues of material fact.” Mt. Pleasant v. Associated Elec. Co-Op. Inc., 838 F.2d 268, 273 (8th Cir.1988).
Pursuant to Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(c), a district court may grant a motion for summary judgment if all of the information before the court demonstrates that “there is no genuine issue as to material fact and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Poller v. Columbia Broadcasting System, Inc., 368 U.S. 464, 467, 82 S.Ct. 486, 488, 7 L.Ed.2d 458 (1962). The burden is on the moving party. Mt. Pleasant, 838 F.2d at 273. After the moving party discharges this burden, the non-moving party must do more than show that there is some doubt as to the facts. Matsushita Elec. Industrial Co. v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574, 586, 106 S.Ct. 1348, 1355, 89 L.Ed.2d 538 (1986). Instead, the nonmoving party bears the burden of setting forth specific facts showing that there is sufficient evidence in its favor to allow a jury to return a verdict for it. Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 249, 106 S.Ct. 2505, 2510, 91 L.Ed.2d 202 (1986); Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 324, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 2553, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986).
In passing on a motion for summary judgment, the court must review the facts in a light most favorable to the party opposing the motion and give that party the benefit of any inferences that logically can be drawn from those facts. Buller v. Buechler, 706 F.2d 844, 846 (8th Cir.1983). The court is required to resolve all conflicts of evidence in favor of the nonmoving party. Robert Johnson Grain Co. v. Chem. Interchange Co., 541 F.2d 207, 210 (8th Cir. 1976). With these principles in mind, the Court turns to an examination of the facts.
II. Facts
Plaintiff Sarah Felter (hereinafter “Sarah”) is enrolled at St. Mary’s Cathedral School, a private, parochial school. This enrollment is at the choice of her parents. She also receives special education services at the local public school, pursuant to IDEA, under an Individualized Education Program (hereinafter “IEP”) formulated by a team of persons including representatives of defendant Cape Girardeau School District. Sarah attends parochial school for most of the school day, but attends a special education class at the local public school each weekday afternoon as part of her IEP. At a meeting of the IEP team on November 8, 1991, representatives of the School District agreed that “transportation is necessary as a related service for Sarah due to lack of mobility, visual impairment, and school location.” Exhibit A to plaintiffs’ Complaint. At the same meeting, defendant School District offered three options for providing special education services to Sarah at the public school: (1) providing transportation to and from home if she were a “full day public school student;” (2) providing transportation from the public school to Sarah’s home after the end of the school day; and (3) providing a special education class at a different public school close to the home of Sarah’s afterschool caregiver, with no transportation provided. None of the options provided for transportation from the public sidewalk in front of the parochial school to the public school special education class, as was sought by plaintiffs.
On or about December 2, 1991, the Felters, through their attorney, requested a due process hearing from the School District on the issue of the transportation component of Sarah’s IEP. On or about December 9, 1991, the attorney for plaintiffs received a letter from the representative of defendant Department of Elementary and Secondary Education (hereinafter “DESE”) stating that the “issue of whether a child attending parochial school could be transported, by a public school bus, from the parochial school to a public school (to receive special education services) ... would not be an issue hearable under the PL94142 due process procedures.” Exhibit D of plaintiff’s Complaint. “[Yjour recourse would be to proceed directly to a court of competent jurisdiction.” Exhibit D of plaintiff’s Complaint. This action was filed subsequent to receipt of the December 9, 1991 letter from defendant DESE by plaintiffs’ attorney.
III. Analysis
A. IDEA Claim
Plaintiffs argue that under IDEA, Sarah is entitled to transportation as a related service to Sarah’s IEP due to Sarah’s lack of mobility, her visual impairment, and the location of the schools. Defendants argue that the IDEA, by its clear statutory terms does not require defendants to provide Sarah with transportation between the parochial school and the public school, and furthermore, to do so would violate the Missouri Constitution. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) expressly requires that entities providing special education services must also provide “related services designed to meet ... [the] unique needs” of each child with a disability. 20 U.S.C. § 1400(c). “The term ‘related services’ means transportation, and such developmental, corrective, and other supportive services ... as may be required to assist a child with a disability to benefit from special education____” 20 U.S.C. § 1401(a)(17). In addition, the United States Department of Education has promulgated regulations pursuant to the IDEA. 34 C.F.R. 300.13 states:
(a) As used in this part, the term ‘related services’ means transportation and such developmental, corrective, and other supportive services as are required to assist a handicapped child to benefit from a special education____
:$< * * * * *
(b) (13) “Transportation” includes:
(i) Travel to and from school and between schools,
‡ Sj£ Sfc ‡ >¡t
Comment. With respect to related services, the Senate Report states:
The Committee bill provides a definition of “related services,” making it clear that all such related services may not be required for each individual child____
34 C.F.R. 300.13. The Department has also issued 34 C.F.R. 76.654, entitled “Benefits for private school students.” The regulation states:
(a) Comparable benefits. The program benefits that a subgrantee provides for students enrolled in private schools must be comparable in quality, scope, and opportunity for participation to the program benefits that the subgrantee provides for students enrolled in public schools.
(b) Same benefits. If a subgrantee uses funds under a program for public school students in a particular attendance area, or grade or age level, the subgrantee shall ensure equitable opportunities for participation by students enrolled in private schools who—
(1) Have the same needs as the public school students to be served; and
(2) Are in that group, attendance area, or age or grade level.
34 C.F.R. 76.654.
Policy rulings by the Office of Special Education Programs (hereinafter “OSEP”) have addressed the issue as to whether a public entity should provide transportation as a related service to a student attending parochial school needing the related service. In its policy letter in the case of OSERS, 1988, Exon, Education for the Handicapped Law Reporter (hereinafter “EHLR”) 213:125, OSEP stated that “[a] general rule that services will only be offered at the public school site and that the [public school is] not responsible for providing transportation to any private school child who is handicapped is inconsistent with Federal regulations.” Id. at 213:126. Similarly, in OSERS, 1988, Cunningham, EHLR 213:125, the agency stated that although transportation must be considered on a case-by-case basis, “the attitude that private school children ‘should arrange to show up to receive services’ is inherently suspect.” Id. In OSERS, 1986, Hoffman, EHLR 211:405, the agency addressed an inquiry as to whether a public school district that provides special education classes at the public schools can require parents to transport their children from the private to the public school and determined that in such a situation “transportation would be the responsibility of the public agency, not the parent of the handicapped child.” Id. Finally, in Williams, 18 Individuals with Disabilities Education Law Report (hereinafter “IDELR”) 742, the agency stated:
[T]he types of special education and related services that a school district provides to [children with disabilities, who have been offered a free appropriate public education, but have been enrolled by their parents in a private school or facility] will be determined through the process ... of consultation by the public agency with representatives of the private school students, and the preparation of an individualized educational program for those private school students whom it is determined will be served.
Id. at 744 citing 34 C.F.R. § 300.348.
There is a shortage of federal case law construing the IDEA. What has been written, however, is helpful to the resolution of this claim. In Work v. McKenzie, 661 F.Supp. 225 (D.D.C.1987), the plaintiffs argued that the Education for all Handicapped Children Act (hereinafter “EHA”), the predecessor statute to the IDEA, required the school district to provide transportation as a “related service” to the private school the student was attending. Id. at 227-28. The Court stated that the parents could place the child in a public or private school designated by the school district or they could place the child in a private school of their own choosing without approval by the school district. Id. at 228. The Court went on to hold that “[i]f they elect the latter, [the school district] is not required to pay for the school, however, if the private school lacks a special education component that the child requires ... [the school district] would then be required to furnish that service and to provide transportation where necessary.” Id. at 228-29. The Court concluded that this did “not mean, however, that [the school district] is required to transport [the student] to and from the [private school].” Id. at 229. The Court’s reasoning for denying the transportation component was based upon the fact that the student required a total special education program which the school district would provide by placing the child in the public special education school. Id. The Court determined that the parents’ unilateral placement of the student in the private school did not require the school district to incur the obligation of transporting the child. Id.
In McNair v. Oak Hills Local School District, 872 F.2d 153 (6th Cir.1989), the Court, also construing the EHA, addressed whether transportation should be provided as a “related service” to a student attending private school with a special education class at a public school. The Court stated that plaintiff, who had a hearing impairment, needed to establish the following:
(1) that the child is handicapped;
(2) that transportation is a related service;
(3) .that the related service is designed to . meet the unique needs of the child caused by the handicap; and
(4) the school district must be responsible under the EHA and its regulations for providing the related services under the particular circumstances of the case at hand.
Id. at 156. The Court went on to hold the plaintiffs had failed to show that transportation, the related service, was designed to meet the unique needs of the student. Id. The Court reasoned:
The parties have stipulated that [the student’s] handicap does not require any special transportation needs, therefore, she could utilize the same transportation service as a non-handicapped child. The need for transportation, although a related service, is no more unique to [the student] because she is deaf than it would be if she were not deaf. Since the statute specifically requires a relationship between the related service and the unique needs of the child, the third requirement under the EHA has not been satisfied____
Id.
In the present case, plaintiff is a handicapped child who is being provided special education classes under an IEP formulated pursuant to IDEA. As noted above, transportation is a “related service” under the IDEA and its implementing regulations. Furthermore, rulings by the Office of Special Education Programs indicate that there are situations in which a public entity should provide transportation as a related service to a student attending parochial school and attending special education classes at a public school. Thus, the critical question in the present action, based upon the above-cited case law, is whether or not the related service (transportation) is designed to meet the unique needs of Sarah caused by the handicap. In the report from the meeting on November 8, 1991, in which the issue of transportation was addressed, the Committee stated that it agreed that “transportation is necessary as a related service for Sarah due to lack of mobility, visual impairment, and school location.” Exhibit A of plaintiffs’ Complaint. The Committee offered three options for transportation at the meeting and in a follow-up letter dated November 21, 1991, none of which included transportation from the sidewalk of the parochial school to the public school, as plaintiffs requested. Based upon the statements by the Committee that transportation is a necessary related service and the above-cited case law and policy statements indicating that transportation may be a necessary related service for a parochial student under certain circumstances, it is the opinion of this Court that defendants are required, as a related service pursuant to IDEA, to provide transportation to Sarah from the sidewalk of the parochial school to Sarah’s special education classes at the public school. The Court would like to make it clear that were it not for the statements by the Committee, the necessity of transportation as a related service for any handicapped student would be a factual issue which would defeat summary judgment and would instead be determined by a trier of fact.
B. Federal Establishment Clause
Defendants argue that providing transportation to Sarah would violate the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment of the United States Constitution. Plaintiffs, however, argue that governmental action in providing transportation to Sarah is constitutional under the First Amendment Establishment Clause. The First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, applicable to the states via the Fourteenth Amendment, states that “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion.” A governmental action does not violate the Establishment Clause as long as it: (1) has a secular purpose; (2) does not have the primary effect of advancing or inhibiting religion; and (3) does not foster excessive government entanglement with religion. Lemon v. Kurtzman, 403 U.S. 602, 612-13, 91 S.Ct. 2105, 2111, 29 L.Ed.2d 745 (1971) (citations omitted).
The U.S. Supreme Court has upheld the constitutionality of numerous governmental actions that have provided benefits to elementary and secondary school students attending parochial schools. Following the Lemon test, the Court has upheld the lending of secular textbooks to children in parochial schools, Meek v. Pittinger, 421 U.S. 349, 359-62, 95 S.Ct. 1753, 1760-61, 44 L.Ed.2d 217 (1975); and the supplying of standardized tests and scoring services, and the providing of diagnostic speech, hearing and psychological testing to children in parochial schools. Wolman v. Walter, 433 U.S. 229, 235-48, 97 S.Ct. 2593, 2598-2605, 53 L.Ed.2d 714 (1977). Three facts were central to the Court’s reasoning in these cases. First, the services being provided served an important state interest. Meek, 421 U.S. at 359-62, 95 S.Ct. at 1760-61; Wolman, 433 U.S. at 241-44, 97 S.Ct. at 2602-03. Second, the services provided did not involve the use of parochial school personnel in any way. Wolman, 433 U.S. at 244, 97 S.Ct. at 2603. Third, none of the approved programs provided direct financial benefit to the religious institutions, but, rather, primarily benefitted the child. Wolman, 433 U.S. at 236, 97 S.Ct. at 2599.
On the specific issue of transportation for parochial school students, the United States Supreme Court ruled in 1947 that public schools may provide transportation to students to and from private parochial schools without violating the Establishment clause. Everson v. Board of Education, 330 U.S. 1, 17-18, 67 S.Ct. 504, 512-13, 91 L.Ed. 711 (1947). On the narrower issue of bringing special education classes to disabled parochial school students at neutral sites, the courts have likewise found no Establishment clause violation. See Pulido v. Cavazos, 934 F.2d 912 (8th Cir.1991); Walker v. San Francisco Unified School District, 761 F.Supp. 1463 (N.D.Cal.1991). In Pulido, the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals held that the use of publicly-funded mobile vans that travelled next to or directly onto parochial school grounds to provide remedial classes to parochial school students did not violate the Establishment Clause. Pulido, 934 F.2d at 928. In Walker, the Court reached the same result with respect to vans parked on public property next to the parochial school. Walker, 761 F.Supp. at 1470.
Defendants cite to two cases which have involved the Establishment Clause in the context of the EHA/IDEA: Zobrest v. Catalina Foothills School District, 963 F.2d 1190 (9th Cir.1992); Goodall v. Stafford County School Board, 930 F.2d 363 (4th Cir.1991). In Zobrest, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals held that it was a violation of the First Amendment for the school district to provide a sign language interpreter to plaintiff, who was deaf, while he attended a parochial high school. Zobrest, 963 F.2d at 1196. In Goodall, the Fourth Circuit held that the EHA did not require the school district to provide a speech interpreter to a deaf student at a private parochial school. Goodall, 930 F.2d at 371-72. The Court noted that there was a compelling interest in not providing an interpreter in that it was the “well-settled law of the Fourth Circuit that the avoidance of a violation of the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment constitutes such a compelling state interest.” Id. at 370.
The cases cited by defendants differ from the facts in the present case in that in the cases cited, the issue was whether publicly-funded sign language interpreters could be allowed to work on-site at parochial schools, thereby providing hearing-impaired students with services throughout the school day, including during the teaching of religion. The service at issue herein cannot be equated with a publicly-paid interpreter acting as a conduit for a child’s religious training. The service at issue herein, namely access to publicly-funded transportation that would stop by the public sidewalk in front of Sarah’s parochial school to take Sarah to her public school special education class: (1) serves an important state interest as required by the IDEA; (2) does not involve the use of parochial school personnel in any way; and, (3) does not provide direct financial benefit to the parochial school, but rather primarily benefits Sarah. Furthermore, it is the opinion of this Court that based upon the facts and the above-cited case law, the service at issue: (1) has a secular purpose; (2) does not have the primary effect of advancing or inhibiting religion; and (3) does not foster excessive government entanglement with religion, as required by Lemon v. Kurtzman, 403 U.S. at 612-13, 91 S.Ct. at 2111. The providing of transportation to Sarah as described above, therefore, does not violate the Establishment Clause of the United States Constitution.
C. Missouri Constitution
Defendants argue that even if the Establishment Clause does not bar the use of public funds to provide transportation to Sarah, the Missouri Constitution prohibits it. Plaintiffs disagree. The Missouri Constitution, Article 9, Section 5 provides in pertinent part:
The proceeds of all certificates of indebtedness due to the state school fund, and all moneys, bonds, lands, and other property belonging to or donated to any state fund for public school purposes ... shall be paid into the state treasury ... and sacredly preserved as a public school fund the annual income of which shall be faithfully appropriated for establishing and maintaining free public schools, and for no other uses or purposes whatsoever.
Mo. Const, art. 9, § 5. Article 9, Section 8 also provides in pertinent part:
the general assembly ... shall [njever make an appropriation or pay from any fund or pay from any public fund whatever, anything in aid of any religious creed, church or sectarian purpose, or to help to support or sustain any private or public school, academy, seminary, college, university, or other institution of learning controlled by any religious creed, church or sectarian denomination whatever____
Mo. Const, art. 9, § 8.
Under existing case law, it would appear that this Court must not only address whether the use of Missouri public funds, pursuant to a federal statute, violates the U.S. Constitution, but also whether such use violates the Missouri Constitution. In Wheeler v. Barrera, 417 U.S. 402, 94 S.Ct. 2274, 41 L.Ed.2d 159 (1974), plaintiffs were parochial school students who were eligible for Title I benefits and argued that the public school authorities, in violation of the Act, failed to provide adequate Title I programs for students as compared with those programs provided for public school children. Id. at 405, 94 S.Ct. at 2277. The United States Supreme Court ruled that Missouri law, not federal law, governed the question as to whether on-the-premises private school instruction was permissible and as to whether federal aid was money donated to any state fund for public school purposes within the meaning of the Missouri Constitution. Id. at 417-19, 94 S.Ct. at 2283-84. The Court noted that “Title I evinces a clear intention that state constitutional spending proscriptions not be preempted as a condition of accepting federal funds.” Id. at 417, 94 S.Ct. at 2283. “The correct rule is that the ‘federal law’ under Title I is to the effect that state law should not be disturbed.” Id. at 419, 94 S.Ct. at 2284. “Title I requires, not that [state] law be preempted, but, rather, that it be accommodated by the use of services not proscribed under state law.” Id. Thus, the Court will address whether the use of Missouri public funds to comply with IDEA is proscribed under state law.
As noted above, public funds have already been used to provide Sarah, a parochial school student, with special education classes, pursuant to an IEP, at the public school. Defendants argue that the use of public funds to provide Sarah transportation to the public school would violate the Missouri Constitution, citing McVey v. Hawkins, 364 Mo. 44, 258 S.W.2d 927 (1953) (en banc) and Luetkemeyer v. Kaufmann, 364 F.Supp. 376 (W.D.Mo.1973). In those cases, the Courts determined that the Missouri Constitution prohibited the use of public funds to provide transportation to parochial school students comparable to that provided to public school students. Thus, under existing case law, the Missouri Constitution prohibits the state from providing transportation to and from the parochial school for parochial school students. The question in the above-styled action is distinguishable, however. In the present action, plaintiffs seek transportation for Sarah only to and from her special education classes at the public school. Plaintiffs do not request that the state provide transportation to the parochial school, which was the issue in McVey and Luetkemeyer. In any event, as previously noted, the District offered to provide transportation for Sarah from the public school to her home after the end of the school day. Thus, the dispute centers about providing transportation for Sarah from the parochial school to the public school in order that she may attend the special education classes at the public school.
In Americans United for Separation of Church and State v. Rogers, 538 S.W.2d 711 (Mo.1976) (en banc), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 1029, 97 S.Ct. 653, 50 L.Ed.2d 632 (1976), the Missouri Supreme Court held that providing direct financial assistance to college students who attend religiously-affiliated institutions does not violate the Missouri Constitution. In so doing, the Court based part of its reasoning upon the fact that “the program is designed and implemented for the benefit of the students, not of the institutions, and that the awards are made to the students, not to the institution.” Id. at 720. Furthermore, the Court noted that “the legislative purpose in no wise includes supporting aiding or sustaining either public or private educational institutions.” Id. In the present action, the State is already providing special education classes to Sarah, which would be of much greater benefit to the parochial school than would be providing transportation to the public school. Defendants do not argue that the special education classes violate the Missouri Constitution, only the related service of transportation. The IDEA seeks to ensure that equitable opportunities are provided for parochial school students to receive special education classes and any necessary related services. The providing of transportation would be a program designed and implemented for the benefit of the student receiving special education at a public school, not the parochial institution, and the service would be provided to Sarah, not in any way to the parochial school. The legislative purpose of IDEA would appear to be to ensure that all disabled students, public or private, receive the opportunity to participate in special education programs and any necessary related services. This purpose is not based upon the aiding or sustaining of private institutions, but rather upon meeting the unique needs of a disabled student.
In Americans United, the Missouri Supreme Court also discussed the distinction between the availability of educational opportunities for college level students and elementary-secondary students and reasoned that assistance to private college students did not have the same religious implications or significance as assistance to private elementary-secondary students because there was lesser availability for free public education at the college level, while parochial school parents unilaterally rejected the free education offered by public schools. Americans United, 538 S.W.2d at 720-21. Although this reasoning may appear to be contradictory to this Court’s ruling in the present case, the Court does not think so. Just as there is lesser availability for free public education at the college level, there is lesser availability for special education classes at the private school level. The parents of a disabled student who want their child to receive special education will often be forced to send their child to a public school to take those courses, because the public schools have assumed the obligation to provide these special education services. The Congress has recognized this problem and has, therefore, ensured that the opportunity to participate in the special education programs offered at public schools and any necessary related services be provided to private school students pursuant to IDEA. Under these circumstances, the providing of transportation to special education classes that the public school is already providing to the parochial student is not violative of the Missouri Constitution. As previously stated, this service would benefit the parochial student rather than the institution and would serve the legislative purpose of IDEA without supporting, aiding, or sustaining the parochial school.
Thus, it is the opinion of this Court that plaintiffs’ Motion for Partial Summary Judgment on the issue of liability and on plaintiffs’ claims for declaratory and injunctive relief should be granted because defendants are required, as a related service pursuant to IDEA, to provide transportation from the sidewalk of the parochial school to Sarah’s special education classés at the public school and such action would not violate the Establishment Clause of the United States Constitution or the Missouri Constitution.
It should be noted again that this decision is a narrow one applicable to the facts in Sarah’s case. While the legal analysis is controlling, each case must be decided on its own set of facts.
D. Injunctive Relief
In order for this Court to' enter the permanent injunctive relief requested by plaintiffs, three prerequisites must be satisfied. Roe v. Operation Rescue, 919 F.2d 857, 867 n. 8 (3d Cir.1990). First, the Court’s exercise of equity jurisdiction must be proper. Id. In order to satisfy this prerequisite, the plaintiff must show that he has no adequate legal remedy; the threatened injury is real, not imagined; and, no equitable defenses exist. Id. “Second, the plaintiff must actually succeed on the merits of its claims.” Id. Finally, the “plaintiff must show that the balance of equities tip in favor of injunctive relief.” Id.
In the present case, plaintiff has satisfied these requirements. In addition, defendants have not argued that any equitable defenses exist. Thus, it is the opinion of this Court that a permanent injunction should be entered in favor of plaintiffs ordering defendants to provide transportation from the sidewalk of the parochial school Sarah attends to her special education classes at the public school.
E. Equal Protection, Rehabilitation Act and Free Exercise Claims
In that the Court has found liability and will order injunctive relief based upon plaintiffs’ IDEA claims, the Court declines to address plaintiffs’ Equal Protection, Rehabilitation Act and Free Exercise Claims.
ORDER
In accordance with the Memorandum filed herein this day,
IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that plaintiffs’ Motion for Partial Summary Judgment is GRANTED with respect to plaintiff’s IDEA claim and claims for injunctive and declaratory judgment regarding the IDEA claim.
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that defendants are hereby permanently enjoined and ordered to provide transportation to plaintiff Sarah Felter from the sidewalk of her parochial school to the special education classes she attends at the public school for so long as she receives special education classes at a public school pursuant to IDEA.
On Reconsideration
MEMORANDUM
This matter is before the Court upon the state defendants’ Motion to Reconsider. On January 19, 1993, this Court entered an Order in the above-styled cause permanently enjoining the defendants to provide plaintiff Sarah Felter with transportation from the sidewalk of the parochial school she attends to her special education classes at the public school, as required by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (hereinafter “IDEA”). State defendants move the Court to reconsider its Order arguing that the Court is creating new law in Missouri and not applying existing law. The state defendants believe that the Court’s reasoning adopts the pupil benefit theory which has been rejected by Missouri state courts. Defendants, therefore, request that the Court clarify its Order and omit any reference to the pupil benefit theory.
In the January 19, 1993 Order, the Court referenced Americans United for Separation of Church and State v. Rogers, 538 S.W.2d 711 (Mo.1976) (en banc), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 1029, 97 S.Ct. 653, 50 L.Ed.2d 632 (1976). The Court went on to note that the Missouri Supreme Court based part of its reasoning, in finding that the statute did not violate the Missouri Constitution, upon factors such as whether the program benefitted the students, rather than the institution, and whether the legislative purpose did not include sustaining either private or public educational institutions. The Court believes that the state court did base part of its ruling in Americans United upon these factors, but in no way believes that the Missouri Supreme Court adopted the pupil benefit theory. Furthermore, this Court, in its January 19,1993 ruling, did not adopt said theory or even suggest that the pupil benefit theory should be adopted. The Court believes that the above factors were only two of many factors which the Missouri Supreme Court considered in its ruling, and they would not, in themselves, be sufficient to support such an outcome. The Court’s citation to Americans United was more appropriate for the purpose of noting that there are certain situations, based upon the specific facts of the case, in which a parochial school student may be entitled to some statutory benefit without that statute violating the Missouri Constitution. Under the Missouri Constitution, this is a strict standard which will not often be attained.
As stated in this Court’s previous Order, the public schools’ providing of special education classes for children attending parochial schools entitles some of those parochial school children to related services, if designed to meet the unique needs of the child, to which most parochial school children are not entitled. The ruling in the present case, finding that there is no violation of the Missouri Constitution, is primarily based upon the fact that the Individualized Education Program team found that transportation was a necessary related service for Sarah and upon Sarah’s unique status as a public and parochial school student. The public school’s assumption of her special education pursuant to the IDEA entitles her to any necessary related services which the IDEA provides. This holding is not based upon the pupil benefit theory.
Furthermore, the Court’s January 19 Order is not contradictory to holdings in McVey v. Hawkins, 258 S.W.2d 927 (Mo. 1953) (en banc) and Luetkemeyer v. Kaufmann, 364 F.Supp. 376 (W.D.Mo.1973), in which the courts found that the Missouri Constitution prohibits the use of public funds to provide transportation to parochial school students. Sarah’s unique needs and status as both a public school and private school student entitles her, pursuant to the IDEA, to transportation solely for the public school portion of her education. Any statute providing transportation to a parochial student, rather than a parochial school and public school student such as Sarah, would violate the Missouri Constitution.
As stated in the Court’s previous Order, both that Order and the present one are narrow and limited to the facts applicable in Sarah’s case. While the legal analysis is controlling, each case must be decided on its own set of facts.
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CASELAW
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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Joey Derrick
The result was Speedily deleted as WP:CSD, after figuring out what Tadanana did. Guy (Help!) 14:47, 13 January 2007 (UTC)
Joey Derrick
* - (View AfD) (View log)
Author has replaced article with a dot. meaning he wants it to be deleted. Tadanana 13:27, 13 January 2007 (UTC)
* Note This user put this AFD on Template:Cent making it appear on all AFD pages, and moved the article to Deleted articles/Joey Derrick. JuJube 13:53, 13 January 2007 (UTC)
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WIKI
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Irving Cummings
Irving Cummings (October 9, 1888 – April 18, 1959) was an American movie actor and director.
Career
Born in New York City, Cummings started his acting career at age 16 in Diplomacy. His Broadway, performances included In the Long Run (1909) and Object -- Matrimony (1916).
Acting in the Proctor Stock Company, Cummings appeared with Lillian Russell and other actresses.
Cummings entered into movies in 1909, acting with the P. A. Powers company in Mount Vernon, New York, and quickly became a popular leading man. Few of the films he made as an actor are easily available. Exceptions include Buster Keaton's first feature film, The Saphead (1920), in which Cummings plays a crooked stockbroker; Fred Niblo's film Sex (1920), one of the first films to depict a new phenomenon in 1920s America, the Flapper; and The Round-Up (1920), a Western drama starring Roscoe Arbuckle (with the famous tagline "Nobody loves a fat man") and featuring Wallace Beery—these films are readily available on home video. Around the same time, Cummings started to direct action movies and occasional comedies.
In 1934, Cummings directed Grand Canary, and in 1929, he was nominated for an Academy Award for his direction of In Old Arizona.
Cummings was known for the big splashy 1930s Technicolor musicals with popular leading ladies such as Betty Grable, Alice Faye, Carmen Miranda, and Shirley Temple (Little Miss Broadway, 1938) he directed at 20th Century Fox. He retired in 1954.
Personal life and death
Cummings was married to Ruth Sinclair, and they had a son, screenwriter and producer Irving Cummings Jr.
On April 18, 1959, Cummings died at Cedars of Lebanon Hospital of a heart attack in Hollywood, California, at age 70.
Recognition
Cummings has a star at 6816 Hollywood Boulevard on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. It was dedicated on February 8, 1960. In 1943, as part of the 50th anniversary of the birth of the motion picture industry, Cummings was awarded the Thomas A. Edison Foundation Gold Medal for outstanding achievement in the arts and sciences.
Actor
* Uncle Tom's Cabin (1914)
* The Three of Us (1914)
* The Diamond from the Sky (1915)
* The World's Great Snare (1916)
* The Gilded Cage (1916)
* The Whip (1917)
* Sister Against Sister (1917)
* A Royal Romance (1917)
* Wrath of Love (1917)
* Rasputin, The Black Monk (1917)
* An American Widow (1917)
* The Struggle Everlasting (1918)
* The Heart of a Girl (1918)
* The Interloper (1918)
* Merely Players (1918)
* The Woman Who Gave (1918)
* Don't Change Your Husband (1919)
* Mandarin's Gold (1919)
* Her Code of Honor (1919)
* The Scar (1919)
* Some Bride (1919)
* Secret Service (1919)
* Men, Women, and Money (1919)
* What Every Woman Learns (1919)
* Auction of Souls (1919)
* Everywoman (1919)
* The Thirteenth Commandment (1920)
* The Tree of Knowledge (1920)
* Sex (1920)
* Harriet and the Piper (1920)
* The Saphead (1920)
* The Round-Up (1920)
* Old Dad (1920)
* Cameron of the Royal Mounted (1921)
* The Blasphemer (1921)
* The Man from Hell's River (1922)
* Flesh and Blood (1922)
* East Side - West Side (1923)
* Rupert of Hentzau (1923)
* As Man Desires (1925)
* Girls' Dormitory (1936) (uncredited)
* The Devil and Miss Jones (1941) (uncredited)
Director
* Flesh and Blood (1922)
* Broad Daylight (1922)
* The Jilt (1922)
* The Man from Hell's River (1922)
* Paid Back (1922)
* Environment (1922)
* The Drug Traffic (1923)
* East Side - West Side (1923)
* Broken Hearts of Broadway (1923)
* Stolen Secrets (1924)
* In Every Woman's Life (1924)
* Riders Up (1924)
* Fools Highway (1924)
* The Dancing Cheat (1924)
* The Rose of Paris (1924)
* As Man Desires (1925)
* One Year to Live (1925)
* Just a Woman (1925)
* The Desert Flower (1925)
* Infatuation (1925)
* The Johnstown Flood (1926)
* Rustling for Cupid (1926)
* The Midnight Kiss (1926)
* The Country Beyond (1926)
* Bertha, the Sewing Machine Girl (1926)
* The Brute (1927)
* The Port of Missing Girls (1928)
* Romance of the Underworld (1928)
* Dressed to Kill (1928)
* In Old Arizona (1928)
* Behind That Curtain (1929)
* Not Quite Decent (1929)
* Cameo Kirby (1930)
* On the Level (1930)
* A Devil with Women (1930)
* A Holy Terror (1931)
* The Cisco Kid (1931)
* Attorney for the Defense (1932)
* The Night Club Lady (1932)
* Man Against Woman (1932)
* Man Hunt (1933)
* The Woman I Stole (1933)
* The Mad Game (1933)
* I Believed in You (1934)
* Grand Canary (1934)
* The White Parade (1934)
* Curly Top (1935)
* It's a Small World (1935)
* Poor Little Rich Girl (1936)
* Girls' Dormitory (1936)
* White Hunter (1936)
* Vogues of 1938 (1937)
* Merry-Go-Round of 1938 (1937)
* Little Miss Broadway (1938)
* Just Around the Corner (1938)
* Everything Happens at Night (1939)
* Hollywood Cavalcade (1939)
* The Story of Alexander Graham Bell (1939)
* Lillian Russell (1940)
* Down Argentine Way (1940)
* That Night in Rio (1941)
* Belle Starr (1941)
* Louisiana Purchase (1941)
* My Gal Sal (1942)
* Springtime in the Rockies (1942)
* Sweet Rosie O'Grady (1943)
* What a Woman! (1943)
* The Impatient Years (1944)
* The Dolly Sisters (1945)
* Double Dynamite (1951)
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WIKI
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Einstein's General Relativity Proven to Work in 'Extreme Gravity'
An international team of astronomers has conducted a new test of Albert Einstein's famous theory of general relativity (GR), finding that it works even in extreme gravitational environments, according to a study published in the journal Nature. Since the great German physicist published his groundbreaking theory in 1915which describes the nature of gravityit has been tested numerous times by scientists around the world. However, while GR has passed most of these tests, some researchers hypothesize that there are certain situations where alternative theories of gravity could be at play. Such situations could include instances of extreme gravity, for example. So, to test GR in extreme gravity, the researchers conducted observations of a massive three-star system known as PSR J0337+1715, located 4,200 light-years from Earth, which was discovered by the same astronomers in 2014. PSR J0337+1715 consists of two white dwarfs and a neutron star. White dwarfs are small, dense stars comparable in size to the Earth, but with a mass closer to the Sun. Neutron stars, on the other hand are even smaller and denser. They form after a massive star explodes as a supernova when it comes to the end of its life, a process which sees the core collapse. The neutron star in PSR J0337+1715 is what's known as a pulsara highly magnetized, rapidly rotating neutron star which emits beams of electromagnetic radiation through space like a lighthouse. These beams can be detected on Earth. The researchers tracked the star system for six years using the Green Bank Telescope in West Virginia, the Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico and the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope in the Netherlands. In the system, the neutron star is in orbit with one of the white dwarfs, while the second white dwarf orbits both of these stars. By tracking the trio, the scientists wanted to find out whether the neutron star and inner white dwarf were affected differently by the gravity of the outer white dwarf. However, the scientists found practically no detectable difference, indicating that general relativity describes this scenario accurately, meaning alternative theories of gravity are not required. If there is a difference, it is no more than three parts in a million, Nina Gusinskaia, a co-author of the study from the University of Amsterdam, said in a statement. Now, anyone with an alternative theory of gravity has an even narrower range of possibilities that their theory has to fit into, in order to match what we have seen. According to Ingrid Stairs, another co-author of the study from the University of British Columbia, it is important for scientists to keep testing general relativity. Every single time we've tested Einstein's theory of relativity so far, the results have been consistent, she said. But we keep looking for departures from relativity because that might help us understand how to describe gravity and quantum mechanics with the same mathematical language. Einstein's theories have been receiving significant attention lately among researchers. A recent study, published in the journal Science, also tested GR, confirming that it works even in a distant galaxysomething that has never been demonstrated before. Meanwhile, findings from another Science study have bolstered another theory first proposed by the physicist in 1911, which describes how heat moves through solids. 2019 Newsweek
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Paid Notice: Deaths KATZ, SUSAN K.
KATZ-Susan K. On May 16, 2003. Beloved wife of Jerome. Loving mother of Peter and David. Dear sister of Nancy Wergeles. Adoring grandmother of Alixandra, Jared, Daniel, Jacqueline and Caroline. Service Monday, 11:15 AM, at ''The Riverside,'' 76th St. and Amsterdam Ave. KATZ-Susan K. The Hampton Synagogue mourns the passing of our cherished and devoted benefactor. To her beloved husband, Jerry, her children and grandchildren, our deepest sympathy. Her memory will be a source of blessing and inspiration. Rabbi Marc Schneier Michael B. Weisbrod, Pres. Seymour G. Siegel, Treasurer KATZ-Susan Kohl. We will deeply miss our beloved friend and her special smiles and tears. May her family be comforted knowing that she lives on in our hearts and thoughts. Gladys and Danny Bagley Meredith and Bert Cohen Lorrie and Harold Gordon Annette and Joe Irom Diiana and Steve Steinberg KATZ-Sue. Our dear Sue, you were a great thinker, a woman of inspiration and vision. We will treasure our memories and think of you always. Jackie and Marty Weinstein KATZ-Susan. You enriched our lives and we are better people for knowing you. We'll remember you always. Susan and Marvin Leder
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Pence: I don’t have to ask my staffers if they wrote op-ed | TheHill
Vice President Pence said in an interview broadcast early Sunday that he is confident none of his staff members wrote an anonymous New York Times op-ed claiming some administration officials are trying to thwart parts of President TrumpDonald John TrumpFacebook releases audit on conservative bias claims Harry Reid: 'Decriminalizing border crossings is not something that should be at the top of the list' Recessions happen when presidents overlook key problems MORE’s agenda. “Let me be very clear, I'm 100 percent confident that no one on the vice president's staff was involved in this anonymous editorial,” Pence said on CBS’s “Face the Nation.” “I know my people … They get up every day and are dedicated, just as much as I am, to advancing the president's agenda and supporting everything President Trump is doing for the people of this country,” he added. Pence said he didn’t ask his staff members about the op-ed, citing their character and dedication. “Honestly, I don't have to ask them because I know them. I know their character. I know their dedication and I am absolutely confident that no one on the vice president's staff had anything to do with this. But that being said, you know, whoever this was they should do the honorable thing and resign.” The anonymous op-ed, as well as a new book by veteran journalist Bob Woodward that paints an administration in turmoil, roiled the White House last week. Speculation surrounding the identity of the op-ed’s author was rampant, with some eyes turning toward Pence’s office. Former White House aide Omarosa Manigault NewmanOmarosa Onee Manigault NewmanScaramucci breaks up with Trump in now-familiar pattern Press: The new Southern Strategy Press: Acosta, latest to walk the plank MORE, for example, said last Thursday that she believes the op-ed likely came from Pence’s office. “I would say I could narrow it down to Pence’s office,” she said on a radio show. Pence's spokesman last Thursday denied the vice president was behind the op-ed, which described efforts among staffers in the Trump administration to push back against the president's instincts, and said his office is “above such amateur acts." View the discussion thread. The Hill 1625 K Street, NW Suite 900 Washington DC 20006 | 202-628-8500 tel | 202-628-8503 fax The contents of this site are ©2019 Capitol Hill Publishing Corp., a subsidiary of News Communications, Inc.
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Python Dictionary 4
How to change or add elements in a dictionary?
* Dictionary is mutable. We can add new items or change the value of existing items using an assignment operator.
* If the key is already present, value gets updated, else a new key: value pair is added to the dictionary.
Example:1
n={“roll”:101,”name”:”Ajay”,”age”:21,”per”:99}
print(n)
n[“roll”]=500
print(n)
n[“name”]=”komal”
print(n)
n[“age”]=25
print(n)
n[“per”]=100
print(n)
Output:
{‘roll’: 101, ‘name’: ‘Ajay’, ‘age’: 21, ‘per’: 99}
{‘roll’: 500, ‘name’: ‘Ajay’, ‘age’: 21, ‘per’: 99}
{‘roll’: 500, ‘name’: ‘komal’, ‘age’: 21, ‘per’: 99}
{‘roll’: 500, ‘name’: ‘komal’, ‘age’: 25, ‘per’: 99}
{‘roll’: 500, ‘name’: ‘komal’, ‘age’: 25, ‘per’: 100}
n={"roll":101,"name":"Ajay","age":21,"per":99}
print(n)
n["roll"]=500
print(n)
n["name"]="komal"
print(n)
n["age"]=25
print(n)
n["per"]=100
print(n)
Output:
{'roll': 101, 'name': 'Ajay', 'age': 21, 'per': 99}
{'roll': 500, 'name': 'Ajay', 'age': 21, 'per': 99}
{'roll': 500, 'name': 'komal', 'age': 21, 'per': 99}
{'roll': 500, 'name': 'komal', 'age': 25, 'per': 99}
{'roll': 500, 'name': 'komal', 'age': 25, 'per': 100}
>>>
Example:2
n={“accno”:1001,”name”:”Sanjay”,”Balance”:36000}
print(n)
n[“accno”]=5000
print(n)
n[“name”]=”Kapil”
print(n)
n[“Balance”]=50000
print(n)
Output:
{‘accno’: 1001, ‘name’: ‘Sanjay’, ‘Balance’: 36000}
{‘accno’: 5000, ‘name’: ‘Sanjay’, ‘Balance’: 36000}
{‘accno’: 5000, ‘name’: ‘Kapil’, ‘Balance’: 36000}
{‘accno’: 5000, ‘name’: ‘Kapil’, ‘Balance’: 50000}
>>>
n={"accno":1001,"name":"Sanjay","Balance":36000}
print(n)
n["accno"]=5000
print(n)
n["name"]="Kapil"
print(n)
n["Balance"]=50000
print(n)
Output:
{'accno': 1001, 'name': 'Sanjay', 'Balance': 36000}
{'accno': 5000, 'name': 'Sanjay', 'Balance': 36000}
{'accno': 5000, 'name': 'Kapil', 'Balance': 36000}
{'accno': 5000, 'name': 'Kapil', 'Balance': 50000}
>>>
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Gu (vessel)
A gu is a type of ancient Chinese ritual bronze vessel from the Shang and Zhou dynasties (1600–256 BC). It was used to drink wine or to offer ritual libations.
A gu is tall and slender, with a slightly flared base that tapers to a slim center section before widening again into a trumpet-like mouth, wider than the base. Its surface is often decorated with taotie .
The Beginning of the gu vessel
The gu vessel was known for its use as a wine-drinking vessel. It is said to have developed from other elaborate cups that also had high stems and were found in Neolithic cultures. Inscriptions have been found on ancient vessels stating that it was common to drink wine in Chinese cultures. The creation of a vessel such as the gu makes sense in modern times because of its shape. The long stem made it easy to hold and sip from, while still allowing it to take on unique and elegant features. The drinking of wine was made from this cup.
Early inspiration for the creation of the gu vessel
Throughout the hundreds of Neolithic to early dynastic sites discovered in China, ritual vessels ranging from clay to bronze are often found in the tombs of these sites. The form, shapes, and décor, provide hints to the every vessel's function as well as the early beliefs that inspired them. Early Chinese religion has been difficult for scholars to understand due to a lack of extensive archaeological evidence on Neolithic religious philosophies and ritual practices. The early Shang dynasty, however, had a much more concrete religion in regards to beliefs and practices ranging from ancestor worship to funerary rituals, and a developed system to perform sacrifices. As these beliefs could have extended back into earlier periods in China, a common center of worship included such elements such as ancestors, fertility concerns as well as other spirits or gods of the natural elements.
The ritual vessels of early China are an extension of the spiritual or religious world, in which the powers that seemed to exist in nature may have carried a high influence in the inspiration of the vessels. The powers of nature included those that could have resided in animals, plants, water, sickness, death, and eventually the afterlife, all of which coexisted with people as having a high influence on one's life. In some cases, ritual vessels provided a way to maintain harmony between the spirit world and the earthly realm through vessels holding sacrifices, or vessels like the gu being drunk by humans in ritual ceremonies.
Function and use
The gu was a common wine vessel to be found in high class areas. This wine vessel has been found in places such as meeting areas were high class Chinese members would gather for wine with one another. The gu vessel can be unique in a number of ways. The more elegant styled vessels with more relief and design would be found more commonly in the high class surroundings. The simpler, tall and narrow, gu vessels would be found throughout the family's households. According to the Tsun family, the gu vessel was found to be listed under the "Wine Containers" list of artifacts that have been found in the Shang civilizations. This allows archaeologists to focus on locations of gu vessels to help indicate the class status of the site.
Examples of function
In Book 6, verse 25, of the Confucian Analects, a gu is referred to. It was a cup to be drunk from specifically in religious sites but first by the rulers of the Shang dynasty. Its functional use for a human rather than a spirit is also noted based on the construction of the gu vessel for its design is logical in that it can hold liquid and can be easily held in one's hand unlike other wine vessels.
The only evidence we have of ritual use of this vessel is its strong association with wine, spirits, and high class rulers. Later engraved vessels help support the significance of ritual wine drinking as part of ritual ceremony. The gu vessel appears in an engraving of a ritual scene found on a yi vessel discovered in a tomb in Shaanxi in which the gu being used in the engraving highly resembles the gu of the Shang.
The name
The term gu had not been ever previously found inscribed on any other vessels and the first mention of this term was not until the 11th century found in early artist and antiquarian, Li Gonglin's writings. Li, a painter and avid collector of early bronzes, is credited for designating the name of the gu vessel based on an experiment on a gu vessel he owned. In his experiment, he measures that his gu vessel can hold exactly two pints or sheng of liquid which is equal to a gu while the designated character means “ridge” or "flange" based on those decorative elements found on his gu.
Historical developments and examples
Although gu is name of a bronze vessel form, similar vessels have been made of clay and wood long before the Bronze Age.
Bronze gu
Based on archaeological discoveries, gu is one of the most common bronze vessel forms in the Shang dynasty (around 16th century to 11th century B.C.). Xiaoneng Yang points out that gu became less popular in the Western Zhou dynasty (around 11th century to 8th century B.C.), but the style of the late Shang period, or rather the Anyang Style, survived and the style of the early Shang period also revived. Moreover, gu disappeared in the reign of King Mu of Zhou in the 10th century B.C.E.
Zhengzhou phase (Erligang period) of the Shang dynasty
One bronze gu has been discovered at the north corner of the upper level of the Tomb M2 in Erligang, Zhengzhou, an early Shang dynasty site. Decors on this vessel are concentrated on a band at the lower part of its body, which, according to Max Loehr, is a characteristic of Early Shang bronze.
The gu from Erligang has some cross-shape holes on its foot, which is a common feature among some Shang bronzes. For example, all the gu vessels and some other bronzes from Chenggu, Shaanxi have this kind of cross-shape holes, though their diverse decors and shapes suggest they might have been made in different time periods in the Shang dynasty.
Anyang phase of the Shang dynasty
Huge changes had taken place before the capital of Shang moved to Yin, Shang's last capital. Gu also changed in Anyang phase. First, gu at this time was usually higher than 20 cm with slim body and a wide mouth. Fu Hao gu from Anyang is 25.5 cm high and its mouth is 14.2 cm wide, which significantly surpasses its bottom. Chü gu, also found from a tomb at Anyang, is about 31 cm high and its mouth is almost twice as wide as its bottom. Second, from this time onward, the base of gu raised up slightly with a short round foot. The gu displayed in the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Washington, D.C., and the Shanghai Museum, Shanghai, whose pictures are shown on this page, possess this feature. Third, some gu also have decors that extend from its waist to the rim of the mouth in three triangle registers. In fact, bronze vessels made in Anyang phase are usually fully decorated with decors.
Early Western Zhou dynasty
Imitations or revivals of former styles appear in the late Shang period and early Western Zhou period. Jessica Rawson has pointed out a gu that is 28.5 cm high with a taotie motif on its waist celebrates the early Shang styles by locating its decors on one band. Another example is the Lü Fu Yi gu found in the Hoard of the Wei Family. This vessel is 25.2 cm high and its mouth is about 13.2 cm wide. Its neck is long and slim without any decorations. Low ribbon-like relief appears at the lower section of the vessel and it does not have a foot.
Middle Western Zhou dynasty
In the middle Western Zhou period, gu became short and squat, while gradually disappeared. Wan Qi gu can be dated back to the mid–Western Zhou dynasty. This gu is about 14.5 cm high with a 14.7-cm-wide mouth and a 10.1-cm-wide base. Meanwhile, this gu's waist is only slightly narrower than its month and base. Another gu discovered in a hoard in Zhangjiapo, Shaanxi, is similar in shape, but a little bit smaller.
Ceramic gu
Modern Chinese archaeologists have identified numbers of neolithic pottery wine drinking vessels as gu or "gu-shape vessel". Besides, Ceramic gu continued to exist even after it transformed into a bronze vessel.
The Neolithic Age
Numbers of pottery vessels unearthed from Neolithic sites are named as gu by archaeologists. Some of these pottery gu look very different from the form of bronze gu, while some appear similar and might be the direct ancestors of bronze gu. A gray pottery beaker discovered at a Dawenkou culture site in Tai'an, Shandong, is categorized as a "gu-shape vessel". It is 29.2 cm high and can be roughly divided into 3 sections. The top section is a funnel shape container. Nonetheless, the other two sections distinguish this vessel form a bronze gu. The middle section is a long stem, decorated with engraved grooves and a high rising band. The lower section is its stand with three square legs.
Some pottery drinking vessels excavated in the late Dawenkou sites appear more similar to the bronze gu. A pottery gu that looks striking similar to bronze gu has been excavated at Shilipu (十里鋪), Henan. This gu is 13.6 cm high with four rising bands as decorations. Its body looks almost like a column, but gets wider at the mouth. Similar pottery objects have been found in other areas as well and these objects are suggested to be the predecessors of bronze gu.
The Bronze Age
Pottery gu discovered from Erlitou and Erligang suggest they might have direct relation with the bronze gu. As mentioned above, pottery gu coexisted with bronze gu in the Bronze Age, but their shapes are not entirely identical.
Erlitou culture has been considered as a part of the Bronze Age, although scholars still have disputes in identifying it as the capital of the Xia dynasty, China's first dynasty recorded by historical texts, or an early Shang sites. A pottery gu discovered in Erlitou is a funnel-shape cup, which becomes narrow at the bottom. Meanwhile, it has a raised-up foot that gets wider at the bottom, which make its outlook similar to bronze gu.
Pottery gu are found in Anyang and some other Shang sites in the heyday of the Bronze Age. A pottery gu from a tomb that can be dated to the reign of Zugeng (祖庚) or Zu Jia (祖甲) in Anyang. The shape of this gu is very similar to bronze gu at the same period, though its waist is thicker. It have some long scratched slashes covered its surface as decor.
Later time period
Gu continues to exist after the Bronze Age, but it was used as vase instead of a wine drinking vessel. A gu with tubular handles, glazed in light greyish-blue in the National Palace Museum, for example, imitates the shape of bronze gu, but it functions as a vase.
Lacquered gu
Bianjiashan (卞家山) in Zhejiang has yielded numbers of lacquered vessels and gu is a major vessel type. These gu have slim waist and wide-opened mouth and they are coated with black and red lacquer with some rising bands as decorations. Archaeologists date Bianjiashan back to the late Liangzhu Culture period and suggest these gu may have certain connections with bronze gu in the Shang dynasty.
Books
* Beijing Tushuguan 北京圖書館, ed. Beijing Tushuguan Cang Qingtong Qi Quanxing Tapian Ji 北京圖書館藏青銅器全形拓片集. Beijing: Beijing Tushuguan Chubanshe, 1997. ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>
* Chang, Kwang-Chih. Shang Civilization. New Heaven and London: Yale University Press, 1980.
* Fong, Wen, ed. The Great Bronze Age of China: An Exhibition from the People’s Republic of China. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1980.
* Guo li gu gong bo wu yuan 國立故宮博物院. Catalogue of the Special Exhibition of Shang and Chou Dynasty Bronze Wine Vessels 商周青銅酒器特展圖錄. Taipei: Zhonghua min guo Taibei Shi Shilin qu Weishuangxi & Guo li gu gong bo wu yuan, 1989.
* Guoli Gugong Bowuyuan. Guan Ware of the Southern Song Dynasty. Hong Kong: Cafa, 1962.
* Loewe, Michael and Edward L. Shaughnessy, eds. The Cambridge History of Ancient China: From the Origins of Civilization to 221 B.C. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986.
* Lv呂, Qichang琪昌. Qingtong Jue & Jia de Mimi: Cong Shiqian Taigui dao Xiashang Wenhua Qiyuan bing Duandai Wenti Yanjiu 青銅爵,斝的秘密：從史前陶鬶到夏商文化起源並斷代問題研究. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University Press, 2007. ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>113
* Rawson, Jessica. Western Zhou Ritual Bronzes from the Arthur M. Sackler Collections. Washington, D.C.: Sackler Foundation/Cambridge: Sackler Museum, 1990.
* Rawson, Jessica. Chinese Bronzes: Art and Rituals. London : British Museum Publications, 1987.
* Thorp, Robert L. Spirit and Ritual: The Morse Collection of Ancient Chinese Art. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1982.
* Wu, Hung. Monumentality in Early Chinese Art and Architecture. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1995.
* Yang, Xiaoneng, ed. The Golden Age of Chinese Archaeology: Celebrated Discoveries from the People's Republic of China. Washington, D. C.: National Gallery of Art, 1999.
* Zhongguo Qingtong Qi Quanji Bianji Weiyuanhui 中國青銅器全集編輯委員會, ed. Zhouguo Qingtong Qi Quanji 中國青銅器全集, Vol. 2. Beijing : Wen wu chu ban she, 1997.
* Rawson, J. and Bunker, E. Ancient Chinese and Ordos Bronzes 1990
* New Haven and London Yale University Press Shang Civilization 1980
Articles
* Wang王, Shouzhi 壽芝. "Shanxi Chenggu Chutu de Shangdai Qingtong Qi 陝西城固出土的商代青銅器", Wenbo文博 6 (1988): 3–9.
* Bagley, Robert. "Shang Archaeology." In The Cambridge History of Ancient China: From the Origins of Civilization to 221 B.C., edited by Michael Loewe and Edward L. Shaughnessy, 124–291. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986.
* Zhao趙, Ye 曄. "Tanmi Bianjiashan 探秘卞家山." Dongfang Bowu 東方博物, 24 (2006): 38–45.
* Smith, Howard. "Chinese Religion in the Shang Dynasty". Numen. Vol. 8. Brill, 1961. 142–150.
* Alt, Wayne. "Ritual and the Social Construction of Sacred Artifacts: An Analysis of 'Analects' 6.25". Philosophy East and West, Vol. 55, No. 3. University of Hawaii Press, 2005. 461–469.
* Fong, Mary H. The Origin of Chinese Representation of the Human Figure. Artibus Asiae. Vol. 49, No. ½ (1988-1989), 5-38.
* Harrist, Robert E. The Artist as Antiquarian: Li Gonglin and His Study of Early Chinese Art. Artibus Asiae. Vol. 55, No. ¾ (1995), 237–280.
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Frank Hargrove
Frank DuVal Hargrove, Sr. (January 26, 1927 – October 16, 2021) was an American politician. From 1982 to 2010 he served in the Virginia House of Delegates, representing the 55th district in the northeast suburbs of Richmond, in and around Hanover County.
On January 26, 2009, Hargrove announced that he would not run for reelection.
Death penalty
Hargrove supported expansion of the death penalty early in his career. Beginning in 2001, he began introducing annual bills to abolish or restrict the death penalty, saying that life without parole was a sufficient and cheaper alternative.
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Page:Final Report of the Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the United States Capitol.pdf/207
See, e.g., United States v. Gillespie, No. 22-CR-60 (BAH), 2022 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 214833, at *7-8 (D.D.C. Nov. 29, 2022); United States v. Seefried, No. 1:21-cr-287 (TNM), 2022 U.S. Dist. LEXIS
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Christa McAuliffe
Sharon Christa McAuliffe ( Corrigan; September 2, 1948 – January 28, 1986) was an American teacher and astronaut from Concord, New Hampshire who died on the Space Shuttle Challenger on mission STS-51-L, where she was serving as a payload specialist.
McAuliffe received her bachelor's degree in education and history from Framingham State College in 1970 and her master's degree in education, supervision and administration from Bowie State University in 1978. McAuliffe took a teaching position as a social studies teacher at Concord High School in New Hampshire in 1983.
In 1985, McAuliffe was selected from more than 11,000 applicants to the NASA Teacher in Space Project and was scheduled to become the first teacher to fly in space. As a member of mission STS-51-L, she was planning to conduct experiments and teach two lessons from Challenger. On January 28, 1986, the shuttle broke apart 1 minute 13 seconds after launch, killing all onboard. After her death, several schools were named in her honor, and McAuliffe was posthumously awarded the Congressional Space Medal of Honor in 2004.
Early life
Sharon Christa Corrigan was born on September 2, 1948, in Boston as the oldest of the five children of accountant Edward Christopher Corrigan (1922–1990), who was of English and Irish descent; and Grace Mary Corrigan (1924–2018; née George), a substitute teacher, whose father was of Lebanese Maronite descent. McAuliffe was a great niece of Lebanese-American historian Philip Khuri Hitti. McAuliffe was known by her middle name from an early age, and in later years she signed her name "S. Christa Corrigan", and eventually "S. Christa McAuliffe".
The year McAuliffe was born, her father was completing his sophomore year at Boston College. Not long after, he took a job as an assistant comptroller in a Boston department store, and they moved to Framingham, Massachusetts, where McAuliffe attended Marian High School, graduating in 1966. She went on to earn a bachelor's degree in 1970 from Framingham State College, now Framingham State University. As a youth, McAuliffe was inspired by Project Mercury and the Apollo Moon landing program. The day after John Glenn orbited the Earth in Friendship 7, she told a friend at Marian High, "Do you realize that someday people will be going to the Moon? Maybe even taking a bus, and I want to do that!" McAuliffe wrote years later on her NASA application form: "I watched the Space Age being born, and I would like to participate."
In 1970, McAuliffe married her longtime boyfriend whom she had known since high school, Steven J. McAuliffe, a 1970 graduate of the Virginia Military Institute, and they moved closer to Washington, D.C., so that he could attend the Georgetown University Law Center. They had two children, Scott and Caroline, who were nine and six, respectively, when she died.
McAuliffe obtained her first teaching position in 1970, as an American history teacher at Benjamin Foulois Junior High School in Morningside, Maryland. From 1971 to 1978, she taught history and civics at Thomas Johnson Middle School in Lanham, Maryland. In addition to teaching, McAuliffe completed a Master of Arts in education supervision and administration from Bowie State University in Maryland. In 1978, she moved to Concord, New Hampshire, when Steven accepted a job as an assistant to the New Hampshire Attorney General. McAuliffe taught 7th and 8th grade American history and English in Concord, New Hampshire, and ninth grade English in Bow, New Hampshire, before taking a teaching post at Concord High School in 1983.
McAuliffe was a social studies teacher, and taught several courses including American history, law, and economics, in addition to a self-designed course: "The American Woman". Taking field trips and bringing in speakers were an important part of her teaching techniques. According to The New York Times, McAuliffe "emphasized the impact of ordinary people on history, saying they were as important to the historical record as kings, politicians or generals."
Teacher in Space Project
In 1984, President Ronald Reagan announced the Teacher in Space Project, and McAuliffe learned about NASA's efforts to find their first civilian, an educator, to fly into space. NASA wanted to find an "ordinary person," a gifted teacher who could communicate with students while in orbit. McAuliffe became one of more than 11,000 applicants.
NASA hoped that sending a teacher into space would increase public interest in the Space Shuttle program, and also demonstrate the reliability of space flight at a time when the agency was under continuous pressure to find financial support. President Reagan said it would also remind Americans of the important role that teachers and education serve in their country.
The Council of Chief State School Officers, a non-profit organization of public officials in education, was chosen by NASA to coordinate the selection process. Out of the initial applicant pool, 114 semi-finalists were nominated by state, territorial, and agency review panels. McAuliffe was one of two teachers nominated by the state of New Hampshire. The semi-finalists gathered in Washington, D.C., from June 22–27, 1985, for a conference on space education and to meet with the Review Panel that would select the 10 finalists.
On July 1, 1985, McAuliffe was announced as one of the 10 finalists, and on July 7 she traveled to Johnson Space Center for a week of thorough medical examinations and briefings about space flight. The finalists were interviewed by an evaluation committee composed of senior NASA officials, and the committee made recommendations to NASA Administrator James M. Beggs for the primary and backup candidates for the Teacher in Space Project. On July 19, 1985, Vice President George H. W. Bush announced that McAuliffe had been selected for the position. Another teacher, Barbara Morgan, served as her backup. According to Mark Travis of the Concord Monitor, it was McAuliffe's manner that set her apart from the other candidates. NASA official Alan Ladwig said "she had an infectious enthusiasm", and NASA psychiatrist Terrence McGuire told New Woman magazine that "she was the most broad-based, best-balanced person of the 10."
Later that year, McAuliffe and Morgan each took a year-long leave of absence from teaching in order to train for a Space Shuttle mission in early 1986. NASA paid both their salaries. While not a member of the NASA Astronaut Corps, McAuliffe was to be part of the STS-51-L crew, and would conduct experiments and teach lessons from space. Her planned duties included basic science experiments in the fields of chromatography, hydroponics, magnetism, and Newton's laws. She was also planning to conduct two 15-minute classes from space, including a tour of the spacecraft, called "The Ultimate Field Trip", and a lesson about the benefits of space travel, called "Where We've Been, Where We're Going, Why". The lessons were to be broadcast to millions of schoolchildren via closed-circuit TV. To record her thoughts, McAuliffe intended to keep a personal journal like a "woman on the Conestoga wagons pioneering the West."
After being chosen to be the first teacher in space, McAuliffe was a guest on several television programs, including Good Morning America; the CBS Morning News; the Today Show; and The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson, where, when asked about the mission, she stated, "If you're offered a seat on a rocket ship, don't ask what seat. Just get on." She had an immediate rapport with the media, and the Teacher in Space Project received popular attention as a result.
Disaster and aftermath
On January 28, 1986, McAuliffe boarded Challenger with the other six crew members of STS-51-L and it was launched at 11:38:00a.m.. Only 73 seconds into its flight at an altitude of 48,000 ft, the shuttle exploded and crashed into the sea, resulting in the deaths of all seven crew members.
According to NASA, it was in part because of the excitement over McAuliffe's presence on the shuttle that the accident had such a significant effect on the nation. Many schoolchildren were viewing the launch live, and media coverage of the accident was extensive.
Barbara Morgan, her backup, became a professional astronaut in January 1998, and flew on Space Shuttle mission STS-118, to the International Space Station, on August 8, 2007, aboard Endeavour, the orbiter that replaced Challenger.
Legacy
McAuliffe was buried at Blossom Hill Cemetery in her hometown of Concord. McAuliffe has since been honored at many events, including the Daytona 500 NASCAR race in 1986. The McAuliffe-Shepard Discovery Center in Concord, the Christa Corrigan McAuliffe Center for Education and Teaching Excellence at Framingham State University, the Christa McAuliffe Intermediate School in Brooklyn, NY, the McAuliffe Branch Library in Framingham, MA, the Christa McAuliffe Adult Learning Center in Baton Rouge, LA, the S. Christa McAuliffe Elementary School in Lowell, Massachusetts, Christa McAuliffe Elementary School in Sammamish, Washington and Christa McAuliffe Middle School in Jackson, NJ, Christa McAuliffe Middle School in Bay City, MI, and The Christa McAuliffe Residential Community (CMRC) dorm and wellness center on the campus of her alma mater of Bowie State University in Bowie, Maryland, were named in her memory, as are the asteroid 3352 McAuliffe, the crater McAuliffe on the Moon, and a crater on the planet Venus, which was named McAuliffe by the Soviet Union. Approximately 40 schools around the world have been named after McAuliffe, including the Christa McAuliffe Space Education Center in Pleasant Grove, Utah. Christa McAuliffe Park in Green Bay, WI is named after her.
Scholarships and other events have also been established in McAuliffe's memory. The Christa McAuliffe Technology Conference has been held in Nashua, New Hampshire, every year since 1986, and is devoted to the use of technology in all aspects of education. The Nebraska McAuliffe Prize honors a Nebraska teacher each year for courage and excellence in education. Grants in McAuliffe's name, honoring innovative teachers, are provided by the American Association of State Colleges and Universities and the National Council for the Social Studies.
The Christa McAuliffe Space Education Center (known as the Christa McAuliffe Space Center or CMSC), in Pleasant Grove, Utah, teaches school children about space and is visited by students from around the world. It has a number of space flight simulators. The center, was started in 1990 by Victor Williamson,an educator at Central Elementary School. It is a 4,000-square-foot (370 m2) building added onto Central Elementary. It aims to teach astronomy and social studies through the use of simulators; the first, Voyager, proved itself popular, and a new planetarium built in 2020. As the years passed, the demand for flights expanded and new ships were commissioned.
McAuliffe was portrayed by Karen Allen in the 1990 TV movie Challenger. In October 2018, it was announced that Michelle Williams was cast to portray McAuliffe in The Challenger, another retelling of the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster. In 2019, McAuliffe was portrayed by Erika Waldorf in the independent film The Challenger Disaster. The spaceship on the 1996–1997 children's science-fiction series Space Cases, about a group of students lost in space, was called Christa. In 2006, a documentary film about McAuliffe and Morgan called Christa McAuliffe: Reach for the Stars aired on CNN in the CNN Presents format. The film, produced by Renee Sotile and Mary Jo Godges, commemorated the 20th anniversary of McAuliffe's death. It was narrated by Susan Sarandon, and included an original song by Carly Simon.
McAuliffe's parents worked with Framingham State College to establish the McAuliffe Center. Her husband Steven J. McAuliffe remarried and in 1992 became a federal judge, serving with the United States District Court for the District of New Hampshire in Concord. Her son, Scott, completed graduate studies in marine biology, and her daughter, Caroline, went on to pursue the same career as her mother: teaching. On July 23, 2004, McAuliffe and all the other 13 astronauts lost in both the Challenger and Columbia disasters were posthumously awarded the Congressional Space Medal of Honor by President George W. Bush.
On January 28, 2016, several teachers who competed alongside McAuliffe for a seat on the Challenger traveled to Cape Canaveral, Florida, for a 30th anniversary remembrance service, along with her widower, Steven, and son, Scott. After remarking that 30 years had passed, Steven said "Challenger will always be an event that occurred just recently. Our thoughts and memories of Christa will always be fresh and comforting." In 2017, McAuliffe was inducted into the International Air & Space Hall of Fame at the San Diego Air & Space Museum.
In 2019, Congress passed the Christa McAuliffe Commemorative Coin Act which was signed into law by President Donald Trump on October 9, 2019. The bill allows the Department of the Treasury to "issue not more than 350,000 $1 silver coins in commemoration of Christa McAuliffe." The coins were minted in 2021.
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Page:E Nesbit - The Literary Sense.djvu/319
Rh the path I feel it is unlucky, and I'm sad; and if I see the new moon through glass I'm positively wretched. But all the same, I'm not superstitious. I'm not afraid of ghosts or dead people, or things like that"—I'm not sure that she did not add, "So there!"
"Would you dare to go to the church door at twelve at night and knock three times?" I asked, with some severity.
"Yes," she said stoutly, though I know she quailed, "I would. Now you'll admit that I'm not superstitious."
"Yes," I said, and here I offer no excuse. The devil entered into me, and though I see now what a brute beast I was, I cannot be sorry. "I own that you are not superstitious. How dark it is growing. The ivy has broken the stone away just behind your head: there is quite a large hole in the side of the tomb. No, don't move, there's nothing there. If you were superstitious you might fancy, on a still, dark, sweet evening like this, that the dead man might wake and want to come up out of his coffin. He might crouch under the stone, and then, trying to come out, he might very slowly reach
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Clumping (biology)
Clumping is a behavior in an organism, usually sessile, in which individuals of a particular species group close to one another for beneficial purposes. Clumping can be caused by the abiotic environment surrounding an organism. Barnacles, for example, group together on rocks that are exposed for the least amount of time during the low tide. Usually, clumping in sessile animals starts when one organism binds to a hard substrate, such as rock, and other members of the same species attach themselves afterwards. Herbivorous snails are known to clump around where sufficient algae are present. The clumping of mussels (shown right) has been found to be influenced by competition with other species. The mussels attach themselves by byssal threads to potential competitors for space.
Predation avoidance
Clumping and increased locomotion has been found to occur with organisms such as blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) due to risks from predators such as the European lobster (Homarus gammarus). Trade-offs exist with clumping such as decreased growth and less reproductive activity from mussels clumping together due to predation. However, there are also benefits obtained, such as decreased mortality from predation and adverse weather conditions, from clumping.
Clumping has been practiced by bivalve organisms from the times of the fossil record, and the trade-offs between living quite an aggregated lifestyle. Predators such as the gastropod Nucella lamellosa utilize drilling techniques in order to hunt prey such as the blue mussels, and the latter's clumping strategies results in significantly less drilling frequency overall. However, the average drilling placement and variation by the gastropod did not show variation as a result of clumping.
Measurement
Measuring clumped populations of organisms in nature can prove challenging at times for researchers. Quadrat sampling, a favored method by ecologists to study the density of populations, is not as effective with criteria such as those groups that are clumped. Other methods instead can be utilized to measure clumped populations, such as the line-intercept method which is more popular with organisms that can be studied and identified before they move. The reasoning behind organisms clumping revolve around resources being restrained in smaller regions within larger ones and select organisms forming social groups. The funnel-web spider (Agelenopsis aperta) at smaller scales are evenly distributed in their habitats, but are a clumped species on larger scales. The reasoning for this is two-fold. Firstly, these types of spiders prefer environments with the ability to attract insect prey and have favorable thermal properties. Secondly, there is a limited space for spiders to establish their websites, and competition for these spaces is substantial. However, on a macro scale, most organisms actually have clumped distributions due to their habitats not being eventually distributed over extensive areas. Similar trends are seen with other species of spiders. Stegodyphus lineatus sees disadvantages no matter what other parameters exist when feeding in large groups. Otherwise, these types of spiders were able to survive in close proximity most effectively when they were of approximate equal size. The size of groups also played a role in the ability of these spiders to live.
Cellular clumping
The practice of clumping occurs at both the macro and micro level for organisms. Closely tied to the endosymbiotic theory, there exists significant evidence that single-celled organisms in the distant past evolved and combined with other organisms to create complex multi-cellular lifeforms that make up much of life in the present. This was despite the fact that these single-celled organisms were capable of sustaining themselves and reproducing to create future generations. Nevertheless, this occurrence is considered to be a major transition in the evolution of life. The benefits of these multi-cellular lifeforms forming include further advances in efficiency to already existing ways that single-celled organisms cooperated; the creation of extracellular "public goods" is an example of organisms gaining from clumping. However, cooperation could still evolve and coexist alongside clumping as a strategy for organisms. As genetic similarity strengthened between organisms that clumped, both "public goods" production and clumping itself became more prevalent and easier to accomplish in the case of the latter. In addition, just small changes in genetic similarity can cause major shifts the outcome of evolution for organisms, such as increased output of vital materials for survival and growth. Clumping can be impeded when the number of organisms that benefits must be shared with increases, but stimulated when those organisms are more related to one another.
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User:MaryLauraCarter
San Antonio activist and nonprofit veteran Laura Carter believes in enabling the community to work from the heart, not just the wallet. During her time at the San Antonio Area Foundation, Laura implemented new technology, managing website design and content for all published materials. She introduced multimedia and social media into the communications plan, increasing the community’s participation in the Foundation’s programs. Carter's blog Beyond Paychecks is published in the San Antonio Current. She is currently Communications Director at Providence Catholic School, an all-girls school from grades 6-12.
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-- Treasuries Rally as Traders Reduce Fed Rate Wagers
(Corrects second paragraph of article published Sept. 21
to show debt sales include five-year notes.) Treasuries rallied, with 10-year
note yields falling the most since July, as investors pared
wagers for early interest-rate increases after the Federal
Reserve unexpectedly refrained from reducing debt purchases. Yields on the benchmark 10-year security posted the biggest
one-day decline in almost two years on Sept. 18, after Fed
Chairman Ben S. Bernanke said policy makers would await more
evidence of sustained growth before tapering bond purchases
being used to damp borrowing costs. The Treasury will sell $97
billion in two-, five- and seven-year notes next week. “The market was completely caught off guard by Bernanke
and the Fed,” said Jason Rogan, managing director of U.S.
government trading in New York at Guggenheim Partners LLC, which
oversees about $180 billion in assets. “It’s clear that
Bernanke doesn’t think the economy is ready for the Fed to pull
back, and that means stronger Treasuries.” The 10-year yield fell 15 basis points, or 0.15 percentage
point, to 2.76 percent this week in New York, according to
Bloomberg Bond Trader prices. The yield dropped 16 basis points
on Sept. 18, the biggest decline since Oct. 31, 2011. The weekly
drop was the largest since the five days ended July 12. The 2.5
percent note due in August 2023 rose 1 9/32, or $12.81 per
$1,000 face value, to 97 31/32. Investors see a 43 percent chance that policy makers will
increase the federal funds rate target to 0.5 percent or more by
January 2015, based on data compiled by Bloomberg from futures
contracts. The odds were 68 percent two weeks ago as traders
began to factor in the probability that an end to the Fed’s
quantitative-easing program would eventually be followed by an
increase in the target rate for overnight loans between banks. ‘Let’s Wait’ “Weaker data came in,” Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
President James Bullard said yesterday on Bloomberg Television’s
“Bloomberg Surveillance” with Tom Keene and Michael McKee .
“That was a borderline decision,” and “the committee came
down on the side of, ‘Let’s wait.’” “Inflation is low,” Bullard said. “We can afford to be
patient.” Yields on 10-year notes, the benchmark rate on loans
ranging from mortgages to corporate bonds, climbed as high as 3
percent Sept. 6 from 1.93 percent on May 21, the day before
Bernanke said that the central bank could slow the pace of
Treasury and mortgage bond purchases in the next few policy
meetings. Markets shouldn’t have been surprised by the decision
because Federal Open Market Committee members have repeatedly
said the decision to slow, or taper, would be “data
dependent,” Bullard said. Yield Curve “Everybody’s nerves are frayed,” said David Robin, an
interest-rate strategist in New York at Newedge USA LLC, an
institutional-brokerage firm. “The market is still trying to
figure out what the yield-curve shape is supposed to look like
and sort out positions” since the FOMC. The extra yield on Treasury 30-year bonds over five-year
notes widened to 238 basis points, the most since March, on
Sept. 19 as the Fed’s decision boosted demand for shorter-maturity debt that is typically more sensitive to changes in
central bank rate expectations. “Conditions in the job market today are still far from
what all of us would like to see,” Bernanke said at a Sept. 18
press conference in Washington after the central bank’s two-day
meeting. “The committee has concern that rapid tightening of
financial conditions in recent months would have the effect of
slowing growth.” TIPS Auction The consumer-price index increased 0.1 percent in August,
the least in three months, Labor Department figures showed Sept.
17. The median forecast in a Bloomberg survey of 87 economists
called for a 0.2 percent gain. Consumer prices increased 1.5
percent in the 12 months ended in August after a 2 percent year-over-year gain the prior month. The Treasury’s sale of $13 billion in 10-year inflation-indexed notes on Sept. 19 attracted the least demand since 2009
from a group of investors that includes pension funds and
insurers, with U.S. consumer prices rising less than forecast. Direct bidders, non-primary-dealer investors that place
bids directly with the Treasury, bought 1.6 percent of the
Treasury Inflation Protected Securities auctioned, the least
since October 2009. The notes were sold at a yield of 0.5
percent, the highest since July 2011. Lower Yields The federal funds rate target will be 2 percent at the end
of 2016, according to the median of estimates by five governors
on the Fed’s board and 12 reserve bank presidents. That rate
compares with their median estimate of 4 percent for where the
rate should be at a time of full employment and stable prices.
The average rate over the past 20 years is 3.12 percent. “The market made a big mistake,” said Jim Bianco ,
president of Bianco Research LLC in Chicago , said in a telephone
interview. “ Wall Street made the mistake of taking silence from
the Fed as approval of tapering, when instead the silence was
because of a lack of consensus among the policy makers there.” The Treasury will sell $33 billion in two-year notes on
Sept. 24, a drop of $1 billion from the sale of the securities
last month, the department announced on Sept. 19. It will sell
$35 billion in five-year securities the next day in what will be
considered an additional issue of the outstanding seven-year
notes issued Sept. 30, 2011. The U.S. will auction $29 billion
in seven-year debt on Sept. 26. Treasury trading volume at ICAP Plc, the largest inter-dealer broker of U.S. government debt , averaged $273 billion a
day this week, after surging to $459.9 billion the day before.
The 2013 average is $317.9 billion. To contact the reporters on this story:
Cordell Eddings in New York at
ceddings@bloomberg.net ;
Susanne Walker in New York at
swalker33@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Dave Liedtka at
dliedtka@bloomberg.net
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U.S., global financial leaders skirt trade frictions, tout collaboration
WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Global economic leaders on Friday continued downplaying possible friction with the Trump administration over currencies, trade and other potentially contentious issues, even while acknowledging that much about the U.S. president’s plans remains unclear. On a day when Donald Trump himself seemed focused on domestic matters - promising a new U.S. tax plan next week and announcing reviews of financial regulations - world officials gathered just blocks from the White House said there was “broad consensus” with the new president’s advisers over the need to keep economic borders open and coordinate on global financial regulation. “Almost everybody underscored the importance of open markets and free market access,” German central bank governor Jens Weidmann said following meetings among finance ministers from the world’s top 20 economic powers, including U.S. Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin. “That was the consensus.” His remarks come as finance and economic officials attending meetings of the International Monetary Fund and World Bank took heart in an improving world economy, but also spoke of the sudden raft of political issues that could put that progress at risk. Trump’s tough talk on trade and seeming suspicion of “globalist” groups like the IMF cast a shadow over the start of this week’s session. Similarly, the French elections on Sunday have been frequently cited as the sort of event that could reverse the euro zone’s tentative economic progress. The Trump risk, at least for now, seems to have diminished. Germany currently chairs the Group of 20, an organization that under the administration of President Barack Obama had become a central forum for working out economic issues among the world’s largest economies. Officials here this week have said Mnuchin and other administration officials seemed ready to continue work on issues like financial regulation, while avoiding overt clashes on issues like the value of China’s currency or Germany’s large trade surplus with the United States. The Trump administration had previously threatened to impose measures to restrict imports, and verbally attacked Germany for running a large surplus by exploiting a weak euro. German Finance Minister Wolfgang Schaeuble said earlier on Friday neither topic was discussed in Washington and that he had seen a relaxation in the dispute with the United States over trade. Steel, of which Germany is a large producer, has become a point of contention. Speaking at a separate G20 event in Germany, the country’s economy minister, Brigitte Zypries, said a Trump-announced U.S. probe into whether imports of foreign-made steel were hurting national security pointed toward “unwelcome protectionist tendencies.” She said she would discuss the global steel market with U.S. Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross by telephone next week. But Schaeuble overall said he believed a “non-confrontational solution” to economic issues would be reached when financial leaders of the world’s 20 top economies meet again in Hamburg in July. British Chancellor Philip Hammond said he thought the U.S. and U.K. could go further, and strike a bilateral trade deal, while Japanese and other officials said they did not expect any sharp or disruptive moves from Trump. Officials also said Trump’s intention to roll back some of the financial rules put into place since the 2008 financial crisis won’t damage the world financial system. Trump’s talk of deregulation has unnerved European regulators, but Weidmann said he was confident there would be no “regulatory race to the bottom.” Additional reporting by David Lawder; Writing by Howard Schneider; Editing by Andrea Ricci
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Talk:London School of Architecture
Degree
Is the school connected to Liverpool or Metropolitan? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:45, 9 June 2023 (UTC)
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Mafia: The Game of Survival
Mafia: The Game of Survival (Мафия: Игра на выживание) is a 2016 Russian science fiction action film directed by Sarik Andreasyan and written by Andrei Gavrilov. It was inspired by a popular party game, Mafia. The movie was released in Russia on January 1, 2016.
Plot
Moscow, 2072. The game-show Mafia became the most popular television show in the world. Eleven people gather at the table to find out — who are innocent civilians and who is ruthless Mafia. The world is going to see a cocktail of emotions and feelings: fear, lie, pain, pride, passion, love and death. The winner will receive a huge cash prize, and the loser will die.
Cast
* Viktor Verzhbitsky as Supreme Organizer game
* Veniamin Smekhov as Luka Sergeyevich
* Yuri Chursin as Konstantin
* Vyacheslav Razbegaev as Vladimir
* Andrey Chadov as Ilya
* Vadim Tsallati as Kirill
* Violetta Getmanskaya as Katerina
* Natalia Rudova as Mariya
* Eugene Koryakovsky as Pyotr
* Alexey Grishin as Krivoy
* Artyom Suchkov as Ivan
* Karen Badalov as Psychologist
* Vsevolod Kuznetsov as Lead Voice
* Alexander Gagarinov as Kirill's friend
Release
The film was released in Russia on January 1, 2016. It was released in China on October 14, 2016.
Box office
The film grossed US$4.2 million in Russia and the CIS and US$3.1 million in China, to worldwide total of 7,4 million, against an approximately $12 to $15 million budget. It is considered a box office bomb.
Critical reception
Reception of Mafia: The Game of Survival in Russian media was negative. It was largely ignored by mainstream critics, because Enjoy Movies did not screen the movie for press. According to the Russian review aggregator Kritikanstvo, only 8 reviews were published, and most of them were strongly negative, including reviews from KG-Portal, 25 Kadr and Kinokadr.
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WIKI
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Before you start you need to configure the following data in database.
pd.ms_project_config
Description
ms_project_config_name
ms_project_config_val
DEPLOYMENT_JNDI
java:/jdbc/bpm
Datasource configuration
FOLDER_UPLOAD_JAR
/<oneweb>/pd/Files/
Upload directory for JAR, PD application
FOLDER_UPLOAD_WSDL
/<oneweb>/pd/Files/
Upload directory for WSDL, PD application
AD_GET_ENTITY_URL
http://localhost:8080/EAFUIWeb/api/list/entity
URL reference to EAFMASTER application entity
AD_GET_ENTITY_MODULE_URL
http://localhost:8080/EAFUIWeb/api/list/module/
URL reference to EAFMASTER application module
AD_USERNAME
onewebadmin
Username for ONEWEB admin
AD_PASSWORD
password
password fir ONEWEB admin
DEPLOYMENT_DB_DRIVER
org.postgres.jdbc.Driver
Directory type for this environment
Log in to the WildFly Management Console (By default, http://(IP Address):9990 )
1. Navigate to the Deployment panel (Highlighted as 1 in below figure). Click on Add (2)
2. Select "Upload new deployment" and then click Next (4)
1. Choose the Application EAR file. (Package name: "ONEWEB.PD.4.0.0.12-180126.wildfly.war") and then click Next.
1. Select Enable and then click "Finish"
1. Wait for the confirmation message to be shown. The Application package has been deployed successfully.
2. Verify application with URL: http://(IP Application server):(port)/PD
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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EPSRC logo
Details of Grant
EPSRC Reference: EP/P002811/1
Title: Controlling unconventional properties of correlated materials by Fermi surface topological transitions and deformations.
Principal Investigator: Betouras, Professor J
Other Investigators:
Researcher Co-Investigators:
Project Partners:
Max Planck Institutes (Grouped) University of Geneva
Department: Physics
Organisation: Loughborough University
Scheme: Standard Research
Starts: 01 December 2016 Ends: 30 November 2019 Value (£): 349,710
EPSRC Research Topic Classifications:
Condensed Matter Physics
EPSRC Industrial Sector Classifications:
No relevance to Underpinning Sectors
Related Grants:
EP/P003052/1
Panel History:
Panel DatePanel NameOutcome
12 May 2016 EPSRC Physical Sciences Materials and Physics - May 2016 Announced
Summary on Grant Application Form
Widespread electronic technologies of the last few decades have been led by perfecting control over response of electrons in materials where interactions between them are essentially weak. This can now be reliably achieved, e.g., in simple metals and semiconductors, by tuning the Fermi surface and the effective electron mass. However, this technology has reached the limit of its potential due to the fundamentally limited range of electronic properties exhibited by such materials. A dramatic breakthrough can be achieved if one establishes reliable control over collective electronic behaviour in systems where strong interactions between electrons give rise to intriguing macroscopic quantum phenomena. Multiferroics, giant magnetoresistance in spintronic materials, electron correlations in polymeric systems, and high-temperature superconductivity are just are a few examples with vast potential for novel applications. A quantum computer, expected to revolutionise the modern world, and well-envisaged in principle, can still not be realised due to the lack of reliably controlled material base. The reason, largely, is that a priori accurate theoretical underpinning of electron correlation physics, which would allow to design desired electronic properties at will, has remained a challenge and is currently missing.
In light of very recent developments of new accurate numerical tools for correlated systems, it is extremely timely to use the new methodology to address properties of certain correlated materials of great technological potential, which are currently in the focus of extensive experimental studies. In this project, cutting-edge numerics and advanced analytical techniques will allow us to develop a definitive and quantitative theoretical picture of key effects and mechanisms associated with quantum phase transitions in correlated electron systems, thereby enabling a priori control over the corresponding material properties. Specifically, we propose a comprehensive theoretical study of effects of deformations of the Fermi surface in the correlated regime by changing external parameters and the resulting emergence of new phases with unconventional physical behaviour.
Our main goals are to:
(i) gain quantitative understanding of the mechanisms and consequences of Fermi surface reconstruction and Lifshitz topological transitions in correlated-electron model systems, especially those with spin orbit coupling, and their relation to instabilities, under changes of chemical composition or magnetic field or application of pressure;
(ii) accurately predict properties of specific benchmark materials of great technological importance, which exhibit intriguing behaviour associated with changes of the Fermi surface and are the focus of current experiments, such as strontium ruthenates, strontium iridates, and fermonic superconductors.
(iii) make specific proposals for experiments on those materials to test new theories,
(iv) ultimately, achieve reliable control over the properties of these classes of correlated materials.
This is fundamental research with direct relevance to development of technology since our choice of the benchmark materials covers a wide range of potential applications. Superconducting SrRu2O4 is expected to harbour the Majorana bound states, making it a candidate for realising qubits of topological quantum computers. Strontium iridates feature a delicate interplay between spin-orbit coupling and Mott physics, which can lead to new-generation spintronic devices, while control over properties of superconductors under pressure, will open new avenues for the superconducting industry.
Key Findings
This information can now be found on Gateway to Research (GtR) http://gtr.rcuk.ac.uk
Potential use in non-academic contexts
This information can now be found on Gateway to Research (GtR) http://gtr.rcuk.ac.uk
Impacts
Description This information can now be found on Gateway to Research (GtR) http://gtr.rcuk.ac.uk
Summary
Date Materialised
Sectors submitted by the Researcher
This information can now be found on Gateway to Research (GtR) http://gtr.rcuk.ac.uk
Project URL:
Further Information:
Organisation Website: http://www.lboro.ac.uk
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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was a British painter who was renowned as a maritime artist. His most famous paintings depict sailing ships, usually clippers or warships of the 18th and 19th centuries. By the 1930s he was considered one of the greatest living marine artists, whose patrons included two American Presidents, Dwight D Eisenhower and Lyndon B Johnson, as well as the British Royal Family.
-Montague Dawson - maritime artist 1895 - 1973
About Montague Dawson: The British Artist, Montague Dawson was born in Chiswick, London in 1895. Much of his childhood was spent on Southampton Water where he was able to indulge his interest in the study of ships. For a brief period around 1910 Dawson worked for a commercial art studio in Bedford Row, London , but with the outbreak of the First World War he joined the Royal Navy. Montague Dawson Paintings are featured in the Royal Naval Museum and the National Maritime Museum.
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FINEWEB-EDU
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Page:Russian Wonder Tales.djvu/45
Rh She answered: "Across three times nine countries, in the thirtieth Tzardom, there is a green garden, and in the garden is a mill which grinds of itself. It winnows the grain and throws the chaff a hundred versts away. By the mill stands a golden column, and up and down the column climbs a learned cat. As it goes up it sings songs, and as it comes down it tells stories."
Hearing of this new wonder, the Tzar gave up his purpose to visit the island.
The merchants, having loaded their ship with other goods, sailed on a second voyage, and, passing the Tzaritza's island, cast anchor, and were again entertained; and they recounted there how Tzar Saltan had desired to sail thither till his wife had told him of the mill, the golden column, and the story-telling cat.
As soon as they had made their farewells and sailed away, Tzarevich Guidon took from the purse the flint and steel, and struck them sharply together, and immediately the ax and the hammer appeared, saying: "Here we are, thy servants! By God's blessing, by the Order of the Pike, what dost thou bid us do?"
"I will have, near this Palace," said the Tzarevich, "a mill which grinds and winnows of itself
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WIKI
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Page:Chronicles of pharmacy (Volume 2).djvu/142
described as Physician of the Cæsars, probably Tiberius, Caligula, and Claudius, for he died in the reign of the last named. He wrote a great work on remedies entitled "Autocrator Hologrammatos," literally, "The Emperor, whose words are written in full." Probably the book was dedicated to one of the Emperors, and thus got its first title. The second intimates that the recipes are written out in full so that any reader could understand them; suggesting that the other physicians who wrote such books were in the habit of employing abbreviations.
The formula for diachylon and the directions for compounding it were put into iambic verses by Servilius Damocrates, who lived a little later than Menecrates, and it is in this form that they have been preserved by Galen. Briefly the composition was to incorporate 1 lb. each of the mucilages of fœnugreek, of linseed, and of marsh-mallow root with 3 lb. of old oil, and 1-1/2 lb. of golden litharge. The mucilages were made by boiling the seeds and root in water. Damocrates concludes his poem with the line (I quote from the Latin translation): "Vocabat ipsum non absurde Dia Chylon."
Mesué wrote at length about this plaster, and devised a much more complicated formula which was named Diachylum Magnum. It contained, besides the mucilages already named, others made from raisins and figs, juices of orris, squill, and dill, œsypus (sheep wool fat), turpentine, rosin, and wax. Subsequent authors also devoted their talents to the further improvement of this famous preparation.
Diachylon meant a preparation of juices, and this plaster received the name of plaster of the mucilages in many pharmacopœias. In 1746 the London College,
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WIKI
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Many older men sexually satisfied in 70s, 80s, even 90s – The Chart - CNN.com Blogs
File this in the age isn't anything but a number category: Older men enjoy a satisfying sex life well in to their golden years, finds a new study published in the Annals of Internal Medicine. Researchers surveyed about 2,800 men in Australia, ages 75 to 95, and found a third of them had at least one sexual encounter with a partner in the last year. 56 percent of those men reported satisfying sex lives. Sex was considered to be a somewhat important part of life for 48 percent of the respondents, including men ages 90 to 95. Sexuality is an innate component of our make-up as human beings, says Michael Reece, Director of the Center for Sexual Health Promotion at Indiana University, who was not affiliated with the study. We're sexual beings from birth until death. The study did find that sexual activity decreased with age; study participants in their 70s had more sex than their peers in their 90s. Indeed, medical factors including decreased testosterone levels, prostate cancer, diabetes, hypertension, and depression were all associated with an absence of sexual activity among the men surveyed. Plus, social factors such as having a partner who is not interested in sex, or not having a partner at all, were also found to limit a person's prospects for sex later in life. Men who have partners versus the ones who do not usually have a much different sexual profile and a much happier one, says Pepper Schwartz, the Sexuality, Love and Relationship Ambassador for the AARP. Access is the issue, not desire. The annals study affirms what Reece and his team discovered back in October after looking in to the sexual behaviors of older Americans. In a study funded by Church and Dwight, the company that makes Trojan condoms, they found that as many as 30 percent of Americans were sexually active in to their 80s. Both studies are part of a growing body of research looking at sex in a population often overlooked or thought of as asexual. As a society we don't really endorse the idea of older people looking for or finding sexual partners, says Reece. Schwartz agrees and says an older person wanting to develop a sex life should feel empowered to start a new relationship. The hardest person to seduce is yourself, says Schwartz. You have to get in to the right mindset, get over yourself and think that you are desirable. And once you do that... someone else will think that too. http://05h.info/viagra/ viagra Ditycype http://tmirb.us Ditycype Can you suggest a good internet hosting provider at a honestprice? Thanks a lot, I appreciate it!| Web Marketing Strategy Mistakes | Plus Solutions to Fix Them! https://t.co/mO1Jh97nfP Kate Kowalsky (@katekdesigns) April 29, 2018https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js Appreciating the dedication you put into your blog and detailed information you offer. It's nice to come across a blog every once in a while that isn't the same out of date rehashed information. Fantastic read! I've bookmarked your site and I'm including your RSS feeds to my Google account. http://www.franchisetour.net I'm really loving the theme/design of your blog. Do you ever run into any internet browser compatibility issues? A small number of my blog readers have complained about my website not working correctly in Explorer but looks great in Opera. Do you have any ideas to help fix this problem? http://www.execleads.com/contact.html I'm really enjoying the theme/design of your web site. Do you ever run into any web browser compatibility issues? A number of my blog visitors have complained about my website not operating correctly in Explorer but looks great in Firefox. Do you have any recommendations to help fix this problem? http://www.franopolis.blogspot.com Can i purchase propecia online Ditycype – http://tsxk.info/propecia/can-i-purchase-propecia-online.php 15mg of ambien Ditycype – http://gufrz.us/ambien/15mg-of-ambien.php http://beste5.eu/ Ditycype I am really enjoying the theme/design of your website. Do you ever run into any web browser compatibility problems? A number of my blog readers have complained about my website not operating correctly in Explorer but looks great in Safari. Do you have any advice to help fix this issue? http://www.dfwfranchises.com/listing/the-ups-store Right now it appears like BlogEngine is the preferred blogging platform available right now. (from what I've read) Is that what you're using on your blog? http://www.dfwfranchises.com/listing/units http://nxuhp.us/generic-viagra-how-much-does-it-cost/ Ditycype http://azfss.us/generic-viagra-white-pill/ Ditycype http://pillenomgewichtte.eu/ Ditycype http://totalvod.eu/ Ditycype Excellent article! We are linking to this great article on our site. Keep up the good writing. A Practical Guide: Learning How to Use Twitter For Business https://t.co/U7qsiZ9HMX Kate Kowalsky (@katekdesigns) April 5, 2018https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js May I just say what a relief to find somebody that really understands what they are discussing online. You definitely realize how to bring an issue to light and make it important. A lot more people ought to check this out and understand this side of the story. I was surprised that you aren't more popular given that you definitely possess the gift. Thank you for the info! Thank you for the info! Le dernier refuge contre les telephones portables : les cabines telephoniques. https://www.cialis20.fr Associations and issue a special price-list for the whole of. Qui n'aime point le vin, les femmes ni le chant restera sot toute sa vie. https://www.cialis20.fr QUALIFIED.†A Lady, fully qualified-, for a steady business. Beaucoup savent parler, mais bien peu savent faire. https://www.cialis20.fr After a short time, regular commenters begin to make a community. It starts to feel intrusive to insert yourself. http://greenworldmadiun.blogspot.com/2015/06/7-cara-alami-mengatasi-nyeri-haid.html CNN welcomes a lively and courteous discussion as long as you follow the Rules of Conduct set forth in our Terms of Service. Comments are not pre-screened before they post. You agree that anything you post may be used, along with your name and profile picture, in accordance with our Privacy Policy and the license you have granted pursuant to our Terms of Service. Get a behind-the-scenes look at the latest stories from CNN Chief Medical Correspondent, Dr. Sanjay Gupta, Senior Medical Correspondent Elizabeth Cohen and the CNN Medical Unit producers. They'll share news and views on health and medical trends - info that will help you take better care of yourself and the people you love.
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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User:Mevistoveles
Hey, I'm Mevistoveles.
My main concern is the fact that The Big Bang is not science, yet so many believe it is.
Reasons for not being science:
Science deals with the observable in nature, not historic events.
A scientific model deals with ways things can happen, or what can be produced, e.g. the model for a car.
The redshift can be explained by galactic objects traveling at immense distances and gravitational differences, as well as gravitational time dilation of various other galaxies not corresponding to our galaxy.
We cannot prove that the galaxy is expanding. We cannot even prove how many galaxies are in the universe, or how far the perimeter of galaxies reaches.
And finally, you can't prove there was a singularity that contained all mass at one given time. List all your scientific evidence for it, if you want to. There is none, as science DOES NOT deal with History, it deals with what is observable in nature and then repeatable in the present. I admit, the big bang could possibly happen, but that doesn't mean it DID happen.
Other than that, I just spend my life relaxing and enjoying what can be enjoyed.
Theory:
My theory is that our known universe is within a massive black hole, where the Event Horizon prevents us from crossing into the area outside of it, and that other black holes may behave similarly to our universe. Essentially, black holes (Or universes) are within their own plane of existence, their own "Universe" as I would call them, with no point of return to the outside existence, and as the event horizon is on the dimension of time, there would be an infinite amount of space inside of the universe for three-dimensional objects.
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WIKI
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User:Lightman2/Sandbox
Yoda: Allow this apoinment lightly, the council does not. Disturbing, is this move by Chancilor Palpatine.
Anikin Skywalker: I understand.
Mace Windu: You are on this council, but we do not grant you the rank of Master.
Anikin Skywalker: What?
Mace: WHAT COUNTRY YOU FROM?
Anikin: What?
Mace: WHAT AIN'T NO COUNTRY I EVER HEARD OF! THEY SPEAK ENGLISH IN WHAT? Anikin: What?
Mace: ENGLISH MOTHER****ER DO YOU SPEAK IT?
Anikin: What?
Mace: SAY WHAT AGAIN! SAY, WHAT, AGAIN! I DARE YA! I DOUBLE DARE YOU MOTHER****ER! SAY WHAT ONE MORE GOD DAMN TIME! What's the matter? Oh, you were finnished! Oh well allow me to retort. Take a seat, young Skywalker!
Anikin: Forgive me master.
Palpatine: Master Windu! I'll take it general Grevis has been destroyed then? I must say you're here sooner than expected.
Mace: In the name of the Galactic Senate of the Republic, SHUT, THE ****, UP!
Palpatine: Are you threatning me master Jedi?
Mace: The senate will decide you fate.
Palpatine: I AM, a senate!
Mace: Well I'm a mushroom cloud laying mother****er mother****er!
Palpatine: It's, treason, then.
Mace: This is a ****ed up Republic! Enough is ENOUGH! I HAVE HAD IT WITH THESE MOTHER****ING SITH, ON THIS MOTHER****ING SENATE!
Anikin: He must stand trial!
Mace: He has control of the Senate AND the court! He's to dangerous to be left alive!
Anikin: It's not the Jedi way!
Mace: YES HE DESERVES TO DIE, AND I HOPE HE BURNS IN HELL!
(Anikin cuts off Mace's hand)
Mace: WHY THE **** YOU DO THAT?!
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WIKI
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tmux
From Gentoo Wiki
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This page contains changes which are not marked for translation.
Other languages:
English • español • italiano • русский • 中文（中国大陆） • 日本語 • 한국어
tmux (terminal multiplexer) is a program that enables a number of terminals (or windows), each running a separate program, to be created, accessed, and controlled from a single screen or terminal window. tmux may be detached from a screen and continue running in the background, then later reattached.[1]
Users familiar with GNU Screen may find tmux as a suitable alternative.
Installation
USE flags
USE flags for app-misc/tmux Terminal multiplexer
debug Enable extra debug codepaths, like asserts and extra output. If you want to get meaningful backtraces see https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Project:Quality_Assurance/Backtraces
selinux !!internal use only!! Security Enhanced Linux support, this must be set by the selinux profile or breakage will occur
systemd Enable use of systemd-specific libraries and features like socket activation or session tracking
utempter Include libutempter support
vim-syntax Pulls in related vim syntax scripts
Emerge
Install app-misc/tmux:
root #emerge --ask app-misc/tmux
Configuration
Standard installation of tmux will not install a global (/etc/tmux.conf) or user (~/.tmux.conf) configuration file. Examples are provided in the /usr/share/doc/tmux-VERSION/example_tmux.conf file and can be copied to a user and system locations.
Example config
FILE ~/.tmux.conf /etc/tmux.conf
# Run users default shell, which for example could expand to '/bin/bash', often used to prevent tmux starting login shells.
#set -g default-command "${SHELL}"
# The opposite can be useful to launch other shells with appropraite options
#set -g default-command "fish -l"
# Match session numbers to number row
set -g base-index 1
# Set TERM, the default is "screen", "screen-256color" can be tried if "tmux-256color" doesn't work.
set -g default-terminal "tmux-256color"
# Set prefix to 'a' with ctl-a > a to send ctrl-a to the terminal
#set -g prefix C-a
#bind-key a send-prefix
# Set prefix2 to the default 'b'
#set -g prefix2 C-b
# Enable mouse
set -g mouse on
# Disable drag action in normal mode if your pointer causes problems with
unbind -n MouseDrag1Pane
# Also disable in copy mode
#unbind -Tcopy-mode MouseDrag1Pane
# Set the bar and inactive borders to blue, hightlighting current in green.
#set-option -g status-style fg=black,bg=blue
#set-window-option -g window-status-current-style bg=green
#set-option -g pane-border-style fg=blue
#set-option -g pane-active-border-style fg=green
To reload the configuration file from a terminal run:
user $tmux source-file ~/.tmux.conf
Alternatively, modifications to the file can be loaded from within tmux via:
:source-file ~/.tmux.conf
Automatic connection
Running tmux with exec and the -ADX options will cause tmux to replace the current shell and create a session, or if one exists connect to it and both detach and exit the other client. This provides a very consistent way of working with remote sessions, and it can be run automatically:
Bash
test -n "$PS1" && test -z "$TMUX" -a -n "$SSH_TTY" && exec tmux new -ADX
Fish
status is-interactive ; and test -z "$TMUX" -a -n "$SSH_TTY" ; and exec tmux new -ADX
Plugins
A few plugins are available for tmux. See the sections below for available options.
tpm
tpm is a tmux plugin manager. See the tpm sub-article for more details on the installation process.
tmux-mem-cpu-load
tmux-mem-cpu-load is a small program designed to monitor system activity in the status line of tmux. See the tmux-mem-cpu-load sub-article for more details on the installation process.
Tmux Resurrect
tmux-resurrect persists tmux environments across system restarts. See the resurrect sub-article for more details on the installation process.
Usage
Key bindings
tmux can be controlled from an attached client by using a key combination of a prefix key stroke (Ctrl+b by default) followed by a command key.
After pressing Ctrl+b the following key combinations can be used:
General
• ? = List all key bindings.
• d = Detach the current client.
• : = Enter the tmux command prompt.
Creating and managing windows
• c = Create a new window
• n = Change to the next window.
• p = Change to the previous window.
• l = Move to the previously selected window.
• 0-9 = Select windows 0 to 9.
• ' = Prompt for a window index to select. Then enter a number or title to switch to that window.
• , = Rename the current window.
• w = Choose the current window interactively.
• :, then type list-windows enter = Display the list of windows.
Creating and managing panes
• " = Split the current pane into two, top and bottom.
• % = Split the current pane into two, left and right.
• o = Select the next pane in the current window.
• ; = Move to the previously active pane.
• { = Swap the current pane with the previous pane.
• } = Swap the current pane with the next pane.
• Ctrl+o = Rotate the panes in the current window forwards.
• Alt+1 to Alt+5 = Arrange panes in one of the five preset layouts: even-horizontal, even-vertical, main-horizontal, main-vertical, or tiled.
• x = Kill the current pane.
• ! = Break the current pane out of the window.
Copy, paste, and scroll operations
The keys available depend on whether emacs (default) or vi mode is selected. The mode-keys option can be set in .tmux.conf for vi mode.
• [ = Enter copy mode to copy text or view output history via the scrollback buffer. Once in copy mode, pressing j or k will move the cursor down or up lines respectively, while { and } will move down or up on in per-paragraph chunks.
• ] = Paste the most recently copied buffer of text.
• # = List all paste buffers.
• - = Delete the most recently copied buffer of text.
Session control
Start session
Once started tmux creates a socket for the session in /tmp/S-<UID>/<Session Name>
tmux can be started with the following command:
user $tmux
Or, to give the session a name on start up, run:
user $tmux new-session -s portage
Listing sessions
List tmux sessions to see existing session information:
user $tmux ls
0: 1 windows (created Thu Apr 9 09:09:03 2015) [180x65] (attached)
When listing sessions the name of the session should appear as the first item in the session information line. It is possible to see from the output above the session was created without a name, hence the session is to be referenced as 0.
Another way to list sessions is by typing out the long list-sessions argument.
user $tmux list-sessions
0: 1 windows (created Thu Apr 9 09:09:03 2015) [180x65] (attached)
The exact same output as the previous list command is displayed.
Renaming a session
Simply using tmux to start a session will not provide the session with a nice, human readable name.
If the default session name is not descriptive enough (0 does not tend to describe much), then a session can be renamed. Suppose Larry the cow started tmux without specifying a session name on start up. He begins working on compiling a new version of Portage, and wants to change the session name to reflect his current task. To change the session name he would first assume control of tmux by pressing the magic key stroke: Ctrl+b, then : which will drop focus into the tmux control line. By default the line should turn yellow. Once there he would issue:
:rename-session -t 0 portage
Where 0 is the existing (default) session name and portage is the desired new name for the session. To rename when detached from a tmux session issue:
user $tmux rename-session -t 0 portage
Resuming a session
After the session is detached, all the active terminals remain active and so do commands that did not finish yet. To resume a session use attach -t <session_name>.
user $tmux a -t portage
Or use the long way of attaching to an existing session:
user $tmux attach -t portage
Daemon-like operation
To start a command in a tmux session without attaching to the session (like a daemon) use new-session -d followed by the command to execute in quotes:
user $tmux new-session -d 'emerge -uDNvp @world'
See also
External resources
References
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Van Allen Building
The Van Allen Building, also known as Van Allen and Company Department Store, is a historic commercial building at Fifth Avenue and South Second Street in Clinton, Iowa. The four-story building was designed by Louis Sullivan and commissioned by John Delbert Van Allen (October 5, 1850 – December 30, 1928). Constructed 1912–1914 as a department store, it now has upper floor apartments with ground floor commercial space. The exterior has brick spandrels and piers over the structural steel skeletal frame. Terra cotta is used for horizontal accent banding and for three slender, vertical applied mullion medallions on the front facade running through three stories, from ornate corbels at the second-floor level to huge outbursts of vivid green terra cotta foliage in the attic. There is a very slight cornice. Black marble facing is used around the glass show windows on the first floor. The walls are made of long thin bricks in a burnt gray color with a tinge of purple. Above the ground floor all the windows are framed by a light gray terra cotta. The tile panels in Dutch blue and white pay tribute to Mr. Van Allen's Dutch heritage of which he was quite proud. (Mr. Van Allen was accepted for membership in the Holland Society of New York in 1908). The Van Allen Building was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1976 for its architecture.
Rather unusually, Van Allen and Sullivan planned the building around intended use of the interior space. The men carefully laid out floor plans and designed displays, showcases, and aisles before creating plans for the building itself. The main floor of the new store was for general dry goods and men's furnishings. The second floor was women's costumes, and the third floor household fabrics, bedding and rugs. The top floor was not planned for immediate use and intended as an area for future growth. The resulting interior design included a plan with only two interior column lines on all four floors, creating open interiors for shopping. The column lines feature three rows of interior columns spanning east–west, which allowed for three spacious retail bays averaging over 28 feet in width.
The exterior of the building was designed to have urban appeal with plain surfaces, clean lines and harmonious proportions. In order to avoid anonymity amongst other buildings, the structure features ornamentation with a strong sense of Sullivan's signature natural design motifs. Themes of dark brick and terra cotta ornamentation dominate the building's exterior design. The clean and simple lines and earth tones were intended to complement three unique ornamental terra cotta mullions. While at first glance, the mullions appear to be little more than creative personal flourish on the part of Sullivan, careful study of the building's structure reveals the genius behind the design. Sullivan used the ornamental mullions to visually correct imbalances in the building's proportions which were the result of designing the interior spaces first. Additionally, the decorative mullions serve to accentuate the height of the building and emphasize the wide spans of the interior aisles which made the building so unique.
Louis Sullivan was recommended as the architect by F.H. Shaver of the Peoples Savings Bank in Cedar Rapids, Iowa in a letter dated September 20, 1910. In addition to mentioning the work that Sullivan was doing for him, Mr. Shaver mentioned Sullivan's Transportation Building at the 1893 World Columbian Exposition, the Auditorium Hotel and Carson Pirie Scott in Chicago, with special mention of the National Farmer's Bank of Owatonna, Minnesota and the fact that Mr. Sullivan was decorated for his work by the French government. He concluded his letter by stating, "The interesting feature of this whole matter is that Mr. Sullivan does not charge more than other architects."
On March 20, 1911, Mr. Sullivan wrote Mr. Van Allen stating, "I shall take pleasure in handling your work, and will be pleased to see you at any time, as I am now building a church as well as a bank in Cedar Rapids, Iowa."
On April 3, 1912, Mr. Sullivan wrote Mr. Van Allen stating, "My feeling is moving away from white enamelled terra cotta into a conception of brick and terra cotta in soft low tones. I trust you will follow me with your approval as this design seems to tend this way of its own accord: That is, with a sort of logic of its own."
Mr. Van Allen's granddaughter, Mary Jane Case (1917–2004), has described how her grandfather related to her that Mr. Sullivan would sit on a keg of nails across the street from the building when it was under construction and direct the work on the building.
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Rate limits with Python
Rate Limiting is something that most projects get as a feature late, but that the earlier it comes the better for everyone. Any non-trivial service you use will have rate limits, whenever is a soft limit ("your XXXXX service can only handle Y operations per second on your current pricing tier") or a hard limit ("any table on the database cannot have more than 12k columns per table"), and this is good, because unbounded resources are points of failure. Without restrictions on an HTTP API, you're not only allowing abusive clients to DOS the platform, you're also risking any internal developer mistake to take it down, any big process (like a batch update or a yearly report).
So basically we can agree that every system should have resource limits. There are many different ways to put them in place, but commonly either the software you build (e.g. Python services) will use some component(s) (or implement their own), or use features of the web servers to limit certain type of actions based on some criteria.
Recently at work we wanted to build an internal REST API that would perform small tasks like Google Cloud Tasks (where you queue a task and when dequeued it calls an HTTPS endpoint and you're the one in charge of executing the task on one of the instances behind that hopefully load-balanced URL). To simplify the scenario, let's say we wanted to perform lots of jobs that individually should execute quickly but if massively batched could hurt a database. The best way to avoid problems is making hard for them to happen, so I wanted to put a limit to the amount of requests that the endpoint can receive, so the resources "breathe" enough to never reach too high values.
A good summary of choices regarding rate limit algorithms can be found in the following article: https://konghq.com/blog/how-to-design-a-scalable-rate-limiting-algorithm/
For example, to us didn't mattered much if we implemented a fixed or sliding window algorithm, we don't need that much precision, but one aspect was important: It had to be distributed, because the hosts are load balanced and sometimes there are few instances, but other times there are around a dozen, so leaving 2 tasks per second with 12 instances consumes more resources than when having 3 and could cause system instability. We prefered to be more accurate with load/usage predictions, so that ruled out alternatives like implementing rate limiting at Nginx.
Checking Python libraries the main requisites were for the chosen one to be distributed and easy to use (a decorator being the best option). After some digging, the winner was django-rate-limit, which offered:
• very easy setup as a django 1.11 middleware
• a fixed window distributed rate limit (using Redis for the distributed storage)
• a simple yet configurable decorator to mark http endpoints at the django views. As an added bonus it automatically returns 429 HTTP responses when the rate is exceeded, so no manual handling of exceptions!
• request-path rate-limit key, which while not perfect (no way to rate limit by ip or other custom mechanism like user_id or cookie), was good enough as a staring point and could be implemented in the future without much effort
The library implements one of the two official Redis recommendations of building a rate limiter pattern with INCR so it was good enough and race conditions small enough to not pose an issue.
We already have it working and I even did some quick django tests and confirmed everything works as expected.
As a fun fact, as the library requires Python 3, this was the main reason that I decided to give a try to migrating ticketea.com to Pyton 3.
2018-02-01
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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User:DisabilityAdvocacy4U/Civil Rights Act of 1968
The Fair Housing Act and People with Disabilities
The Fair Housing Act defines a person with a disability in the same manner as the Americans with Disabilities Act – “a person with a physical or mental impairment which substantially limits one or more major life activities; a record of such an impairment; or being regarded as having such an impairment.” Fair Housing Act Amendments Regulations. 24 CFR § 100.201 https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/24/100.201
The Fair Housing Act provides several specific protections for buyers and tenants with disabilities. Landlords and sellers cannot make a dwelling unit unavailable or deny a dwelling to a buyer or renter because of their disability or the disability of any person who intends to reside in the dwelling or because of the disability of anyone with whom they are associated. They cannot deny a person with a disability all of the privileges provided in connection with the dwelling, because of the person’s disability. Fair Housing Act Amendments Regulations. 24 CFR § 100.202 https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/24/100.202
The Fair Housing Act (FHA) provides some specific protections for people with disabilities that facilitate independence and community living. First, the FHA allows tenants to make reasonable modifications to the existing premises. It makes it illegal for landlords to not allow people with disabilities to make reasonable modifications to the premises, at their own expense, if they need the modification to have full enjoyment of the premises. For example, an individual with a disability may require grab bars installed in order to have access to take a shower. The landlord must allow the tenant to install the grab bars to allow access to take a shower. However, technically, the landlord may require the tenant remove the grab bars at the end of the tenancy, at the tenant's own expense. However, the regulations specify that in rental housing, a landlord may not condition widening a bathroom doorway to provide wheelchair access, to its return to its former narrow state upon the end of the tenancy, since it will not interfere with the next tenants use and enjoyment of the premises. Fair Housing Act Amendments Regulations. 24 CFR § 100.203 https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/24/100.203
The second protection offered by the FHA includes the requirement that no one can refuse to make reasonable accommodations to “rules, policies, practices, or services, when the accommodation is necessary to afford” a person with a disability “equal opportunity to use and enjoy a dwelling unit,” including the amenities of the dwelling, which may involve common areas. For example, a building with a “No Pets” policy would violate the FHA if it did not allow a blind person to have their seeing eye dog live with them as a reasonable accommodation to the policy. Similarly, a wheelchair user could request an assigned, accessible parking space as a reasonable accommodation in a “first come first serve” parking lot attached to an apartment complex, Fair Housing Act Amendments Regulations. 24 CFR § 100.204 https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/24/100.204 DisabilityAdvocacy4U (talk) 05:12, 29 March 2020 (UTC)
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Category talk:People from Roselle, New Jersey
boom
ok <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 02:45, 18 November 2022 (UTC)
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L'Oreal CEO foresees no changes in the shareholding of the company
PARIS (Reuters) - L’Oreal (OREP.PA) Chief Executive Jean-Paul Agon said on Friday he did not foresee changes in the shareholding structure of the French cosmetics group following the death of major shareholder Lillian Bettencourt last month. Asked whether the company’s shareholding structure was likely to change in the coming months, Agon said: “Nothing has changed...I do not foresee changes in the shareholding of L’Oreal,” The death of billionaire Bettencourt raised questions over how L’Oreal’s founding family and major shareholder Nestle (NESN.S) would manage their stakes in the world’s biggest cosmetics firm. Bettencourt’s family owns 33 percent of L’Oreal. Nestle retains a 23 percent stake in the company. Agon would not say if there were discussions ongoing with Nestle. Reporting by Sarah White, Writing by Dominique Vidalon; editing by Richard Lough
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Draft talk:Original research/Heredity
Popularity
24 December 2019
* Page views in the past 30 days: 32.
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Page:The Death-Doctor.djvu/44
32 objectionable American who, it was very evident, suspected my employer.
In the small hours of the morning, the jewels were taken from their hiding-place and put into Ella's care. After that we two men had a long talk in undertones, the outcome of which was that I wrote to the Hotel International in Algiers, requesting that rooms should be reserved for Count Binetti and daughter.
A great fuss was made over the loss of Mrs. Cass's valuables, but nothing was discovered; and, after a couple of days of constant anxiety, I was very glad to leave the hotel with Featherson and Ella.
We had booked rooms at Bertolini's in Naples—a delightful hotel—and it was certainly a great pleasure to be away from the constant espionage of James Rowe, whom, however, we met afterwards in the town; which fact proved Featherson's wisdom in preserving his limp and bandaged ankle for the time being.
Two days later, however, I left, as I obtained a passage on a small Italian steamer to Algiers, my two companions promising to follow later by a regular boat due to sail in a week's time.
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ECB supports expanded role for ESM bailout fund in euro zone reform
FRANKFURT, April 12 (Reuters) - The European Central Bank supports proposals to integrate the government-owned euro zone bailout fund ESM into European Union law, but objects to calling it a European Monetary Fund, ECB President Mario Draghi said in a legal opinion on Thursday.
The ESM is now an intergovernmental body, operating on the basis of a treaty between the 19 countries sharing the euro. Integrating it into the wider EU law would make it an EU, rather than just a euro zone institution.
Most euro zone governments oppose it on concerns of losing full control over the funds’ 500 billion euro lending capacity.
“The ECB supports the European Commission’s initiative to bring the European Stability Mechanism (ESM) into the Union legal framework,” the ECB said.
“This initiative is an important step towards the completion of Europe’s economic and monetary union,” the ECB said.
“The establishment of the ESM as a body of the Union would allow it to better achieve its objective of contributing to safeguarding the financial stability of the euro area, as well as of the Member States participating in the banking union.” (Reporting by Balazs Koranyi; editing by Jan Strupczewski)
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The Thekla
Thekla is a former cargo ship moored in the Mud Dock area of Bristol's Floating Harbour, England. The ship was built in Germany in 1958 and worked in the coastal trades.
In 1982 the ship was bought by Ki Longfellow-Stanshall, the wife of Vivian Stanshall, refitted, and brought to Bristol in 1983 as the Old Profanity Showboat. It was used as a theatre to showcase music of every sort, including cabaret, comedy, plays, musicals, and poetry events. The ship also contained an art gallery. The living quarters were home for Vivian, Ki, their daughter, Silky Longfellow-Stanshall, and Ki's daughter, Sydney Longfellow, as well as a few key personnel. During the 1990s, under new management, it was run as a rent-a-nightclub. The ship has now been returned to its original working name of Thekla and is run as a night club and venue for various bands by Daybrook House Promotions.
Construction and working life
Built in Yard No. 185, Thekla was launched on 12 July 1958 by Büsumer-Schiffswerft W & E Sielaff at Büsum, Schleswig-Holstein for the Schepers family of Haren/Ems. One of the last riveted ships to be produced (the hulls of metal ships have long been made by welding plates), she measured 424 gross registered tons and had a deadweight tonnage of 718 tons. Her overall length is 52.77 m and breadth 8.82 m, with a 3.21 m draft. Thekla's hold was lined with Australian red jarrah, one of the hardest woods. With a single screw propulsion, she was powered by a 300 bhp diesel engine made by Bohn & Kähler, Kiel.
Thekla was a coastal trading vessel carrying a variety of cargoes between northern and western European ports, particularly timber from ports of the Baltic Sea. During her trading life, she remained on the ship register of Haren/Ems, passing in ownership from Johann Schepers to Josef Schôning and then Bernhard Schepers but with no change of name. After running aground at Gatesend, Norfolk, she was left rusting away for seven years in the half-abandoned docks of Sunderland on the eastern coast of England, before being purchased by the Stanshalls for £15,000.
Converting a ship into a showboat
The Stanshalls bought the ship with a government-guaranteed loan. Refitted and covered in a new coat of black paint and white paint Thekla took six days and six nights to sail the 732 nmi to Bristol, arriving on 4 August 1983. Her opening night on 1 May 1984 was filmed as an Omnibus BBC 1 documentary by the BBC.
For the next two and a half years, The Old Profanity Showboat put on over 240 theatrical productions. To support its theatre and cabaret (which seldom paid for itself), the Old Pro also provided a stage for bands. Within a year, the Old Pro was in use as a small theatre, jazz venue, folk club and cabaret.
By early 1986, Ki had become exhausted and wanted to go back to writing novels, and Vivian wanted to renew his recording career, and in August 1986 the showboat stopped putting on shows.
Throughout the 1990s and into the early 2000s, Thekla was taken over and run as an underground nightclub.
Work by the artist Banksy can be seen stencilled over the bulkheads inside the club as well as his much larger work on the outside of the hull at the waterline. This piece was painted over by the harbour master, much to the annoyance of the club's owners, who threatened the council and harbour master with legal action. Banksy returned to paint it again. The painting of the "Grim Reaper" is now on display at the M Shed. The space on the hull was replaced with artwork by Bristol-born artist, Inkie. The Banksy "Grim Reaper" is still used as key iconography by Thekla.
A refurbishment of the ship was completed in October 2006 after being purchased by Daybrook House Promotions (DHP). It remains at the moorings in central Bristol where it was first positioned in 1983 and continues to function as a music venue and nightclub. Artists such as Franz Ferdinand, The New York Dolls, Pete Doherty, Tokyo Police Club, The Growlers, Santigold, Wire, Kevin Coyne, The Chords in their final gig in the classic line-up, and iconic bands from all over the world as well as local acts from Bristol and Bath have played at Thekla since DHP purchased the venue. Artists that have played the boat since DHP's takeover include Stormzy, Phoebe Bridgers and James Marriott. The ship was repainted from black to cream and dark green.
A further £1m refurbishment of the ship took place in the summer of 2019. For the extensive repairs, the venue was towed away from its historic spot in the harbour to Albion Drydock. The repairs included a brand new steel offset hull, which was welded into place around the original hull. During this time the venue had to close, and took up temporary residency as "Thekla Faraway" in a bar on Small St in central Bristol - where its regular club nights continued until it was able to re-open in September that year. In 2020, the venue was forced to temporarily close as a result of the COVID-19 Pandemic. In accordance with government guidelines, the venue was able to periodically reopen for socially distant "Sit Down Sessions" of its regular club nights. The venue fully re-opened in July 2021. In May 2024, the venue celebrated its 40th anniversary.
General references
* Venue: 24 Apr – edition of 3 May 2009, Bristol's "What's On" magazine.
* The Illustrated Vivian Stanshall, A Fairytale of Grimm Art, by Ki Longfellow-Stanshall.
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Scott Morrison announced a $2 billion bushfire recovery fund
Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison has promised the government will invest at least $2 billion over for a "recovery fund" to assist with recovery after a severe bushfire season.The prime minister said a new agency, headed by former Australian Federal Police boss Andrew Colvin, will manage the investment, focusing on assistance to local governments, farmers, and small businesses affected by the bushfires.Morrison also said "further funds will be provided" if required above and beyond the $2 billion.Visit Insider.com for more stories.Prime Minister Scott Morrison has announced the establishment of a $2 billion National Bushfire Recovery Fund, which will assist in rebuilding efforts over the next two years following the current nightmare fire season."Today we agreed that we would support the National Bushfire Recovery Agency by establishing a National Bushfire Recovery Fund," Morrison said at a press conference."The Commonwealth is committing an additional $2 billion over the next two calendar years, starting right now, to support all of the efforts of a recovery right across the country."The $2 billion investment — which the prime minister said could increase if "further funds are required" — will go towards efforts to rebuild communities shattered by bushfires, with support focusing on local governments, farmers and primary producers, and small business.
"This money will go towards supporting small businesses, supporting local councils, providing mental health support, investment in social and economic infrastructure, as well as providing environmental protection and protection for native wildlife, which has been so badly hit by these tragic fires," Morrison said."It is important to understand that this money will help rebuild lives and restore livelihoods. This money will help communities get back on their feet after these devastating fires."The investment will be managed by the National Bushfire Recovery Agency, which is to be headed by former Australian Federal Police boss Andrew Colvin.To help with the disbursement of the money, the prime minister announced the rollout of 20 Service Australia "pop-ups" in affected areas, which will work to "ensure people know what resources and payments are available.""We have taken a number of decisions to streamline those payments to make sure cash gets into people &aposs hands as soon as possible," Morrison said.
The prime minister said he expected state governments would work to rebuild damaged infrastructure like bridges, roads and schools, and suggested the federal government could support those projects.Additionally, Morrison announced a a suspension of recovery and mutual obligation requirements — like Centrelink debt payments — for two months for those in fire-affected communities.Treasurer Josh Frydenberg confirmed this two-month suspension also applies to tax affairs."The ATO has also taken steps to ensure that people have a two-month deferral with the lodgement of payments and other obligations for those in the fire-affected areas," Frydenberg told reporters at the press conference. "People should not be concerned about their tax affairs at this time."
The government&aposs announcement comes amid analysis suggesting the bushfires are causing significant damage to the Australian economy — and, therefore, the government&aposs long-promised surplus. AMP Capital chief economist Shane Oliver estimated the fires will wipe off 0.25% to 1% of the Australia&aposs GDP growth this year.Responding to a question from a journalist, Morrison said the surplus was not his government&aposs primary focus at this time."[The] surplus is of no focus for me — what matters to me is the human cost, and meeting whatever cost we need to meet," he said.Returning the federal budget to surplus has been key to Coalition messaging for nearly a decade at this point. The prime minister, responding to further questions on the economic impact of the new fund, said his government&aposs economic management had led to a "position of strength" which enabled the $2 billion investment.Read more:&aposYou&aposre not welcome, you f-----&apos: Videos show Australia&aposs prime minister heckled and hounded out of a bushfire-ravaged town by furious locals8 ways you can donate money to Australia&aposs bushfire relief effortI spent New Year&aposs trapped by Australian bushfires that looked like a scene from a warzone Red skies are blanketing southeast Australia as hundreds of fires ravage the country
Read the original article on Business Insider Australia. Copyright 2020.
Follow Business Insider Australia on Twitter.
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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2007 Greek legislative election
Parliamentary elections were held in Greece on Sunday, 16 September 2007 to elect the 300 members of the Hellenic Parliament. The leading party for a second term was New Democracy under the leadership of Kostas Karamanlis with 42%, followed by George Papandreou and PASOK with 38%. New Democracy managed to secure an absolute but narrow majority of 152 out of 300 seats in parliament. The populist Popular Orthodox Rally entered the parliament for the first time with 10 seats, while the parties of the left, the Communist Party of Greece (KKE) and Syriza, enjoyed a significant increase in their vote share. KKE received 8% of the votes (up from 6%) and won 22 seats (from 12), while Syriza received 5% of the votes (up 2pp) and 14 seats.
The difference of nearly four percentage points between the first two parties resulted in George Papandreou announcing that he would seek reaffirmation of his party leadership, with Evangelos Venizelos and Kostas Skandalidis also declaring candidacy for the post.
Background
* August 22, 2007: The Democratic Social Movement (DIKKI) (6th largest party in the previous elections) announced its electoral alliance with the Coalition of the Radical Left (SYRIZA).
* August 29, 2007: Opinion pollers MRB came under criticism from PASOK. Mathematical inconsistencies were alleged, such as response tallies summing up to more than 100%. MRB denied the allegations. MRB's parent company, Spot-Thompson Greece, are New Democracy's advertisers.
* August 30, 2007: MRB came under more fire as it cancelled publication of its regular biannual "Trends" survey, citing extreme difficulty in obtaining accurate information in the fire-stricken areas. Critics said that this admission automatically rendered previous voting behavior MRB estimates from these areas unreliable; yet, the election results in the prefectures which were devastated by the fires (Ilia, Euboea and Arcadia), were marked by a loss in votes for both the main opposition party and the ruling party.
* September 1, 2007: The Areios Pagos refused to certify Fofi Gennimata as a candidate for the PASOK nationwide list, citing non-eligibility because Mrs. Gennimata is elected the superprefect of Athens and Piraeus. This was criticised angrily by PASOK as an attempt to politicise the courts.
* September 2, 2007: The Areios Pagos:
* refused to include the title of DIKKI in the electoral alliance of SYRIZA claiming that the internal procedures followed by DIKKI were flawed. This was criticised furiously by SYRIZA and DIKKI as inappropriate interference in party political activity on behalf of the courts.
* refused to allow the New Fascism (Νέος Φασισμός) party contest the election because of its provocative name.
* refused to allow the New Salvation Party – Christian Democracy to use the Cross as its logo on the grounds that it is a religious symbol.
* excluded seven other parties from the elections for failure to pay the required electoral deposit.
* September 6, 2007: NET state television, in simulcast with the major private TV stations, broadcast the debate among the leaders of ND, PASOK, Communist Party of Greece (KKE), SYRIZA, Popular Orthodox Rally (LAOS), and Democratic Revival, who were questioned by six reporters in six rounds of questions and follow-ups. Questions and responses were rotated and timed. The debate lasted approximately 2.5 hours and concluded with a two-minute speech by each leader. The debate format, agreed beforehand by the participating parties, met with criticism for being too rigid and formal, too protective of the politicians and not conducive to exhaustive scrutiny of their policies.
Electoral system
There were concerns that the election could return a hung parliament, mainly due to the recently revised Greek electoral law. Although it preserved the 3% threshold necessary for a party to enter parliament, it decreased the number of seats automatically awarded to the leading party. Parliamentary majority was considered more difficult, especially after the early projection that five parties would cross this threshold for the first time after the metapolitefsi.
According to the electoral law, the first-past-the post party was automatically awarded a bonus of 40 parliamentary seats. The remaining 260 seats were divided among all parties that achieved a minimum 3% nationwide vote tally, strictly in proportion to their polling returns. Since a majority of 151 seats was required, the leading party should secure at least 111 seats (42.7% of 260) in order to be able to form a government. Karamanlis had stated that in the event that no party should manage to achieve a majority, he would seek a new election. Papandreou had vaguely indicated that he may have pursued an alliance with the left, however the SYRIZA and KKE parties had categorically dismissed any possibility of participating in a coalition with any of the major parties.
No opinion polls were allowed to be published after September 1. The polls publicized prior to the election had concluded that:
* The next Parliament would be a five-party Parliament.
* New Democracy would hold a smaller lead over PASOK at around 2%.
* The goal of a workable parliamentary majority hung in the brink, with some pollsters projecting 147–149 and some 151–153 seats for the leading party.
The law traditionally requires that voting begins at "sunrise" and ends at "sunset". In practice this is rounded up to the nearest top of the hour. Voting began at 7 am and concluded at 7 pm. 7 pm was also the time when media outlets publicized their exit polls and issued their predictions. According to SingularLogic, the information technology contractor of the Ministry of the Interior, initial returns would not reach statistical significance before 11 pm and firm estimates might not emerge until after midnight. Voting took place in 20,623 polling stations – mostly schools – throughout the country, each of which catered to 400–500 voters on average.
Opinion polls
A collection of opinion polls taken before the elections is listed below. According to a law, which was voted by the Greek parliament, publication of opinion polls is forbidden in the fortnight prior to the election date. Therefore, the last day when opinion polls were published was September 1, 2007, and practically all opinion polling firms published their final public reports on August 31, 2007, in time for the evening news.
Exit polls
The Greek media outlets issued their exit polls at 19:00 local time.
Aftermath
At 01:00 on 17 September 2007 PASOK leader George Papandreou conceded defeat and Prime Minister Kostas Karamanlis thanked the electorate for granting him and his party a renewed term in office. Papandreou also stated that he will seek his party's direct reaffirmation in his leadership, and Evangelos Venizelos, PASOK's informal #2, declared himself "present" in this process. Papandreou went on and retained his leadership.
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User:Sunnypama
A Sikh software engineer with 4 yrs of experience in back-end and cloud architectures + developments. Mostly fixing the errors relating to Sikh history and Sikh figures and of India and its sub-continent.
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Class: Metrics::Dashboard::GrafanaMetricEmbedService
Inherits:
BaseEmbedService show all
Includes:
ReactiveCaching
Defined in:
app/services/metrics/dashboard/grafana_metric_embed_service.rb
Constant Summary collapse
SEQUENCE =
[
::Gitlab::Metrics::Dashboard::Stages::GrafanaFormatter,
::Gitlab::Metrics::Dashboard::Stages::PanelIdsInserter
].freeze
Constants included from ReactiveCaching
ReactiveCaching::ExceededReactiveCacheLimit, ReactiveCaching::InvalidateReactiveCache, ReactiveCaching::WORK_TYPE
Constants inherited from BaseService
BaseService::STAGES
Constants included from Gitlab::Metrics::Dashboard::Errors
Gitlab::Metrics::Dashboard::Errors::DashboardProcessingError, Gitlab::Metrics::Dashboard::Errors::LayoutError, Gitlab::Metrics::Dashboard::Errors::MissingIntegrationError, Gitlab::Metrics::Dashboard::Errors::MissingQueryError, Gitlab::Metrics::Dashboard::Errors::NOT_FOUND_ERROR, Gitlab::Metrics::Dashboard::Errors::PanelNotFoundError
Instance Attribute Summary
Attributes inherited from BaseService
#current_user, #params, #project
Class Method Summary collapse
Instance Method Summary collapse
Methods inherited from BaseEmbedService
embedded?
Methods inherited from BaseService
all_dashboard_paths, out_of_the_box_dashboard?, #raw_dashboard
Methods included from Gitlab::Metrics::Dashboard::Errors
#handle_errors, #panels_not_found!
Methods inherited from BaseService
#initialize
Methods included from BaseServiceUtility
#deny_visibility_level, #event_service, #log_error, #log_info, #notification_service, #system_hook_service, #todo_service, #visibility_level
Methods included from Gitlab::Allowable
#can?
Constructor Details
This class inherits a constructor from BaseService
Class Method Details
.from_cache(project_id, user_id, grafana_url) ⇒ Object
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# File 'app/services/metrics/dashboard/grafana_metric_embed_service.rb', line 34
def from_cache(project_id, user_id, grafana_url)
project = Project.find(project_id)
user = User.find(user_id) if user_id.present?
new(project, user, grafana_url: grafana_url)
end
.valid_params?(params) ⇒ Boolean
Determines whether the provided params are sufficient to uniquely identify a grafana dashboard.
Returns:
• (Boolean)
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# File 'app/services/metrics/dashboard/grafana_metric_embed_service.rb', line 27
def valid_params?(params)
[
embedded?(params[:embedded]),
params[:grafana_url]
].all?
end
Instance Method Details
#cache_key(*args) ⇒ Object
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# File 'app/services/metrics/dashboard/grafana_metric_embed_service.rb', line 58
def cache_key(*args)
[project.id, current_user&.id, grafana_url]
end
#calculate_reactive_cacheObject
Inherits the primary logic from the parent class and maintains the service's API while including ReactiveCache
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# File 'app/services/metrics/dashboard/grafana_metric_embed_service.rb', line 48
def calculate_reactive_cache(*)
# This is called with explicit parentheses to prevent
# the params passed to #calculate_reactive_cache from
# being passed to #get_dashboard (which accepts none)
::Metrics::Dashboard::BaseService
.instance_method(:get_dashboard)
.bind(self)
.call() # rubocop:disable Style/MethodCallWithoutArgsParentheses
end
#get_dashboardObject
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# File 'app/services/metrics/dashboard/grafana_metric_embed_service.rb', line 42
def get_dashboard
with_reactive_cache(*cache_key) { |result| result }
end
#idObject
Required for ReactiveCaching; Usage overridden by self.reactive_cache_worker_finder
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# File 'app/services/metrics/dashboard/grafana_metric_embed_service.rb', line 64
def id
nil
end
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Central bank warns against plan to let Romanians ditch mortgages
BUCHAREST, March 9 (Reuters) - Draft legislation that would allow Romanians to simply give up mortgaged properties with no obligation to repay debts is a threat to the economy’s strong growth, deputy central bank governor Liviu Voinea said on Wednesday. The European Union member state has shrunk its budget and current account deficits and posted some of the bloc’s highest growth rates under a series of aid deals from the International Monetary Fund and European Commission in 2009-2015. But the mortgage relief bill, combined with public sector wage hikes and tax cuts before two elections this year, has heightened uncertainties, the Commission said in an annual report on Romania. Parliament approved the bill, aimed at helping troubled borrowers, in late 2015, but President Klaus Iohannis urged parliament to reconsider it after the central bank, the European Central Bank and the IMF all said it posed a major risk to the banking sector and wider economy. Yet earlier this month, the senate approved the bill once more, rejecting most of the central bank’s recommendations. Voinea said the bill could drive banks to raise the required downpayment for mortgage loans to unsustainable levels, trigger a ratings downgrade, raise funding costs for sovereign debt and lead to lower economic growth. He also said it could drive housing prices lower. A 10 percent drop in house prices could reduce households’ net worth by 6.3 percent, or 57.8 billion lei ($14.2 billion), Voinea said. The bill, which still needs to clear parliament’s lower house, would apply retroactively, contravening EU legislation. While it caps the value of the loans at 150,000 euros, it applies to both residential and commercial properties, meaning affluent people could also make use of it without penalty. ($1 = 4.0696 lei) (Reporting by Luiza Ilie; Editing by Ruth Pitchford)
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C&C 39
The C&C 39 is a Canadian sailboat, that was designed by Cuthbertson & Cassian and first built in 1971.
Production
The boat was built by C&C Yachts in Canada, between 1971 and 1974. During its three-year production run, a total of 48 examples were completed.
Design
The C&C 39 is a small recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass, with wood trim. It has a masthead sloop rig, an internally-mounted spade-type rudder and a swept fixed fin keel. It displaces 16750 lb and has a draft of 6.25 ft with the standard keel fitted.
The boat is fitted with a Universal Atomic 4 gasoline engine. The fuel tank holds 28 u.s.gal and the fresh water tank has a capacity of 70 u.s.gal.
A taller mast version was also produced that had a mast about 1 ft higher than the standard mast.
The tall mast version has a PHRF racing average handicap of 105 with a high of 115 and low of 99. Both models have hull speeds of 7.54 kn.
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Emma Errico
Raffaella Emma Errico (born 21 March 1994) is an Italian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Parma.
Honours
* Cuneo
* Serie B (1): 2015/16
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Effect of obstructive sleep apnea on mitral valve tenting.
Abstract
Obstructive apneas produce high negative intrathoracic pressure that imposes an afterload burden on the left ventricle. Such episodes might produce structural changes in the left ventricle over time. Doppler echocardiograms were obtained within 2 months of attended polysomnography. Patients were grouped according to apnea-hypopnea index (AHI): mild/no obstructive sleep apnea (OSA; AHI <15) and moderate/severe OSA (AHI ≥15). Mitral valve tenting height and area, left ventricular (LV) long and short axes, and LV end-diastolic volume were measured in addition to tissue Doppler parameters. Comparisons of measurements at baseline and follow-up between and within groups were obtained; correlations between absolute changes (Δ) in echocardiographic parameters were also performed. After a mean follow-up of 240 days mitral valve tenting height increased significantly (1.17 ± 0.12 to 1.28 ± 0.17 cm, p = 0.001) in moderate/severe OSA as did tenting area (2.30 ± 0.41 to 2.66 ± 0.60 cm(2), p = 0.0002); Δtenting height correlated with ΔLV end-diastolic volume (rho 0.43, p = 0.01) and Δtenting area (rho 0.35, p = 0.04). In patients with mild/no OSA there was no significant change in tenting height; there was a borderline significant increase in tenting area (2.20 ± 0.44 to 2.31 ± 0.43 cm(2), p = 0.05). Septal tissue Doppler early diastolic wave decreased (8.04 ± 2.49 to 7.10 ± 1.83 cm/s, p = 0.005) in subjects with moderate/severe OSA but not in in those with mild/no OSA. In conclusion, in patients with moderate/severe OSA, mitral valve tenting height and tenting area increase significantly over time. This appears to be related, at least in part, to changes in LV geometry.
DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2011.11.037
Cite this paper
@article{Pressman2012EffectOO, title={Effect of obstructive sleep apnea on mitral valve tenting.}, author={Gregg S. Pressman and Vincent M Figueredo and Abel Romero-Corral and Ganesan Murali and Morris N Kotler}, journal={The American journal of cardiology}, year={2012}, volume={109 7}, pages={1055-9} }
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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Paulie Ayala (featherweight boxer) (2nd nomination)
The result was delete. j⚛e deckertalk 01:03, 6 July 2014 (UTC)
Paulie Ayala (featherweight boxer)
AfDs for this article:
* – ( View AfD View log Stats )
Non-notable boxer - does not meet WP:NBOX Peter Rehse (talk) 11:53, 28 June 2014 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Martial arts-related deletion discussions. Peter Rehse (talk) 11:53, 28 June 2014 (UTC)
The first AfD was only recently closed as Keep however during the course of the AfD this boxer was confused with a notable boxer of the same name Paulie Ayala with references and information added to the AfD subject. The confusion wasn't caught resulting in what was essentially a Keep vote for the wrong boxer. Please see the subjects Talk page.Peter Rehse (talk) 11:59, 28 June 2014 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of United States of America-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 02:02, 29 June 2014 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Sportspeople-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 02:02, 29 June 2014 (UTC)
* Delete I'll admit to being fooled/confused at the first AfD. The sources for the two fighters were even mixed between them. It's true that a WBA title meets WP:NBOX, but it's the other Paulie Ayala that has that. This fighter does not meet any notability criteria. Papaursa (talk) 00:49, 1 July 2014 (UTC)
* Delete Not a notable boxer.John Pack Lambert (talk) 03:47, 1 July 2014 (UTC)
* Delete. I also was confused about the first AfD discussion; that two boxers, both named Paulie Ayala, from the same area, only about 10 years difference in ages, well, what is the chance of that. My sense is even the boxing media made similar mistakes too. As per and above.--Tomwsulcer (talk) 18:22, 5 July 2014 (UTC)
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Navalny's allies say Russia not able to track new form of donations
MOSCOW, Aug 5 (Reuters) - Allies of jailed Kremlin critic Alexei Navalny introduced on Thursday a new way to accept online donations from Russia, using U.S. payments processor Stripe, so that authorities could not track and punish their supporters.
The announcement came via multiple social media accounts of Navalny's team, which is largely based outside Russia, the day after a Russian court rejected an appeal against a decision to label their Anti-Corruption Foundation an "extremist" group.
"We configured the system of receiving donations in a way that the final recipient is not seen, only an intermediary service provider is," a Navalny team statement said.
"All the payments will be transferred via independent service Stripe, which has no relation to Russia. All the information is encrypted and stored safely. No ‘Comrade Major’ would be able to access it," Navalny allies added.
Stripe Inc, the most valuable U.S. technology startup, processes hundreds of billions of dollars in transactions every year for millions of businesses worldwide.
Its list of clients includes Alphabet Inc's GOOGL.O Google, Uber Technologies Inc UBER.N, Amazon.com Inc AMZN.O and Zoom Video Communications Inc. ZM.O, early investors Elon Musk and Peter Thiel, and Google’s venture capital arm.
Stripe did not inmmediately reply to a request for comments.
Navalny himself is serving 2-1/2 years in jail for parole violations in an embezzlement case he says was trumped up. Navalny's allies accuse the authorities of using the law to crush dissenting voices ahead of September parliamentary elections.
(Reporting by Maria Tsvetkova; Editing by Steve Orlofsky)
((maria.tsvetkova@thomsonreuters.com; +7 495 775 1242;))
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
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List of The F.B.I. episodes
This is a list of episodes for the television series The F.B.I., which aired from 1965 to 1974. All episodes were filmed in color.
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WIKI
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Page:Oriental Stories Volume 02 Number 01 (Winter 1932).djvu/41
mindful of her disdainful reluctance: "Yes, I shall help. I'll speak to the Sultan and you shall have your prince—but—oh, what's the use?—Nonna! Nonna, little girl!—Just once—for me" He broke down, thrusting the note into her hand, pleading, begging, conscienceless, utterly unmindful of anything now but her, her, her! His arm had swept around her slender waist, his lips sought her shrinking face
It had come, the lamentable truth! "Pheu!—Hypocrite! That talks kindly but art no better than die rest of them!—Djaga!" Nonna repulsed him disgustedly.
There was a swift rush in the bushes; then that white man seemed to melt away backward. The white body of him was swept kicking around the shrine, horizontally between four dark and struggling coolies. He cursed once or twice, but brown hands stopped his outcry. Nonna sprang out of the shrine, for the gleam of a kris had caught her eye.
"No! Yusuf! No!" she hissed, grabbing his arm. "The Tuan meant well, doubtless, but he -was too much for himself. He has done no evil—come!"
Taking his hand Nonna ran swiftly out of the garden. Behind them they heard a resounding splash but no outcry. The four coolies had hurled that white man unceremoniously into the Sultan's lily pond. It was a squidgy place, of vile and bottomless mud under the Victoria Regia lilies. Men sent in there to gather lotus blossoms floundered for hours in the slimy ooze of the bottom before reaching shore! The white man would not dare cry out for help. His dignity forbade that. He would get out of that pond alone and in silence, and sneak to his hotel, a loathsome thing of slime and mud.
Nonna chuckled softly. "A woman's revenge, my lord!" she murmured to Yusuf as they fled. The latter shook his head; the kris, if you asked him! But the whole grove seemed to whisper with the laughter of the Elder Gods, as Nonna and Yusuf left the garden and set their faces toward Life.
Oh, lovely flower, From thy sweet perfume The nightingale draws song. The stars themselves Reflect your sadness. When your head is bowed In grief over some tragedy In the garden They hide behind curtains Of gray fog. Oh, Rose, Perhaps in your fragile Loveliness You are but a ghost, The ghost of a slim young girl Whose passing Multiplied the sorrows Of the world.
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WIKI
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Yanbangcai
Yanbangcai is a genre of traditional Sichuan dishes that originated in the city of Zigong in southwest China, which is famous for its salt industry.
Zigong yanbangcai originated in the Eastern Han dynasty in the south of Gu Lushui (古泸水) watershed. Yanbangcai is divided into salt business dishes (盐商菜), salt workers dishes (盐工菜), and hall dishes (会馆菜). Yibin Sanjiang (宜宾三江) cuisine collectively referred to as Lu dishes (泸菜), because all belong to the ancient Lushui watershed, yanbangcai is an integral part of Lu dishes, is the features dishes of the Sichuan cuisine. It not only follows the tradition that "Different dishes have different flavors, and cooking techniques diverse" of Sichuan cuisine, but also features the "thick fragrant, spicy fresh stimulation".
Yanbangcai is good at applying ginger and salt. Cooking, stewing, deep-fried, quick-fry, each with a tricks. Forming a distinctive flavor and taste different from other cuisines.
Development history
Zigong area of salt industry began in the Eastern Han dynasty, Tang and Song dynasties have been known for all of the Sichuan province.
Since the Ming and Qing dynasties, with the rise of artesian wells, Zigong salt industry gradually heyday. When the Qianlong, become one of the five centers of production in Sichuan. Jiadao period, center of become one of the three centers. Xianfeng Tongzhi years, become the center of Sichuan salt production center, the only executive of the salt industry in Sichuan ears. With an annual output of more than three million tons of salt, sales to Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hunan, Hubei more than two hundred counties .About one-tenth of the population edible for all of country. The frame of "Yandu" famous for home and abroad .Economic prosperity, the gathering of the population, the prosperity of culture, make here's Sichuan Opera, lanterns, restaurants, gradually become the first good area of Sichuan.
During the middle period of the Qing dynasty, Zigong salt industry attracted not only investors come here opened banks from Shanxi, Shaanxi, Guangdong, Jiangxi, Guizhou, Hubei and Hunan provinces, but also laborers come here work directly and indirectly from surrounding Guizhou, Yunnan. At that time, the salt merchants and salt workers gathered in Yandu were around 200,000 people. Different levels of food consumption and hobbies, different regional food culture blend, so that Zigong gradually formed a unique flavor of yanbangcai. For yanbangcai's heritage and development make important contributions. Timeless, many people come here especially.
The culture of Yanbang
Yanbangcai and Yanbang culture is a bright star in the Chinese civilization. Sichuan Zigong has two thousand years of salt industry history, known as "Millennium Salt (千年盐)" and famous. Zigong is the birthplace of yanbangcai and Yanbang culture. Yanbangcai for its special taste won the reputation of Sichuan.
There is a legend about the yanbangcai – Sima Xiangru (司马相如) and Zhuo Wenjun (卓文君) beautiful story,. It tells the Millennium yanbangcai's life and changes in food, and reflects the deep cultural heritage. The voice expressed the Sima Xiangru's love. Then two Individuals love each other, but was strongly obstructed by Zhuo Wangsun (卓王孫), had to elope. After returning to Chengdu, the daughter of Shujun Yanbang all the kitchen master, Zhuo Wenjun's mother will burn her first-hand skills to Zhuo Wenjun. In the case of life distress, Wenjun put their own headdress and opened a wine shop and restaurants, Wenjun when the clay sell wine, they have a happy life. Their stories spread widely. After two thousand years of deduction and heritage, yanbangcai really become the endorsement of quality Sichuan.
The reputation yanbangcai, just as this beautiful and lingering love story, makes people thoughtful.
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snapdインストール方法まとめ【Ubuntu・Linux Mint・Debian・Fedoraなど】 | Linux Fan
snapdインストール方法まとめ【Ubuntu・Linux Mint・Debian・Fedoraなど】
Linuxディストリビューションを問わず動作するソフトウェアパッケージ「Snap」形式で配布されるアプリが増えています。GitHubなどでもsnapコマンドでの導入方法を案内しているページをよく見るようになってきました。
そこで、Snapを利用するために必要なツール「snapd」を、各ディストリビューションにインストールする方法をまとめます。debやrpmといったパッケージになっていないアプリや、より新しいバージョンのアプリがSnapで配布されていることもあります。もし、使いたいSnapがあるなら、以下の手順でsnapdをインストールしてください。
snapdインストール方法
Ubuntu
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS以降のUbuntuにはデフォルトでsnapdがインストールされています。
入っていなければ、以下のコマンドでインストールできます。
sudo apt -y install snapd
Linux Mint
sudo apt install snapd
Debian
sudo apt -y install snapd
Fedora
sudo dnf -y install snapd
sudo systemctl enable --now snapd.socket
Arch Linux
sudo pacman -S snapd
sudo systemctl enable --now snapd.socket
OpenSUSE
42.2:
sudo zypper addrepo http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/system:/snappy/openSUSE_Leap_42.2/ snappy
sudo zypper install snapd
sudo systemctl enable --now snapd.socket
Tumbleweed（ローリングリリース版）:
sudo zypper addrepo http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/system:/snappy/openSUSE_Tumbleweed/ snappy
sudo zypper install snapd
sudo systemctl enable --now snapd.socket
インストール後のテスト
インストールしたら、snapコマンドが正しく動くか試してみましょう。以下のコマンドで、「hello」にマッチするSnapを検索できます。
snap find hello-world
マッチしたsnapの一覧が表示されれば問題ありません。次に、テスト用のSnap「hello」をインストールしてみましょう。
sudo snap install hello-world
「hello」や「hello.universe」を実行して、以下のように出力されるか確認してみましょう。
$ hello-world
Hello, world!
これで、snapをインストールできるようになりました。snapは、Webブラウザでhttps://uappexplorer.com/snapsを開いて検索することもできます。ただし、Snapsが便利な場合もあれば、普通にDEBやRPMといったパッケージで入れたほうがいいものもあります。Webや雑誌の記事などを参考に、どのSnapを使うのかを決めるのもいいでしょう。
Snap関連用語まとめ
Snappy、Snap、snapd、Snapcraftなど、なんだかややこしいですよね。なので、以下にまとめておきます。
Snappyはソフトウエアデプロイメント（配備）＆パッケージ管理システムの名称です。
SnappyのパッケージをSnapと呼びます。
Snapのファイル形式はSnapフォーマットと呼ばれます。ファイルシステムになっていて、使用時にシステムにマウントされます。
snapdは、Snapを使うためのツールの名前です。このページでインストール方法を紹介したのがこれです。
Snapcraftは、プログラムをSnappy用にSnapフォーマットでSnapを作成するツールです。
英語圏の人たちにとっては分かりやすいのかもしれないですが、日本人にとっては似たような言葉が違う意味なので分かりにくいですね。
snapコマンドのヘルプ
$ snap --help
Usage:
snap [OPTIONS] <command>
Install, configure, refresh and remove snap packages. Snaps are
'universal' packages that work across many different Linux systems,
enabling secure distribution of the latest apps and utilities for
cloud, servers, desktops and the internet of things.
This is the CLI for snapd, a background service that takes care of
snaps on the system. Start with 'snap list' to see installed snaps.
Application Options:
--version Print the version and exit
Help Options:
-h, --help Show this help message
Available commands:
abort Abort a pending change
ack Adds an assertion to the system
alias Sets up a manual alias
aliases Lists aliases in the system
buy Buys a snap
changes List system changes
connect Connects a plug to a slot
disable Disables a snap in the system
disconnect Disconnects a plug from a slot
download Downloads the given snap
enable Enables a snap in the system
find Finds packages to install (aliases: search)
get Prints configuration options
help Help
info show detailed information about a snap
install Installs a snap to the system
interfaces Lists interfaces in the system
known Shows known assertions of the provided type
list List installed snaps
login Authenticates on snapd and the store
logout Log out of the store
prefer Prefer aliases from a snap and disable conflicts
refresh Refreshes a snap in the system
remove Removes a snap from the system
revert Reverts the given snap to the previous state
run Run the given snap command
set Changes configuration options
tasks List a change's tasks (aliases: change)
try Tests a snap in the system
unalias Unalias a manual alias or an entire snap
version Shows version details
watch Watch a change in progress
whoami Prints the email the user is logged in with.
関連リンク
https://snapcraft.io/
https://snapcraft.io/docs/core/
https://build.snapcraft.io/
https://uappexplorer.com/snaps
https://www.ubuntu.com/desktop/snappy
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Page:Frank Packard - On the Iron at Big Cloud.djvu/49
her through somehow if you have to drop the wreck over the cliff. You can back down to Riley's to let her pass. We'll do the patching up afterward. Understand?"
Flannagan nodded, and glanced impatiently at Spence.
The super opened and shut his watch. "Ready, Spence?" he asked shortly.
"Just a minute," Spence answered quietly.
Bunty waited to hear no more. He turned and ran down the stairs and across the tracks as fast as his legs would carry him. He scrambled breathlessly up the steps of the tool-car and edged his way in among the men grouped near the door. He was fairly inside before they noticed him.
"Hello," cried Allan, Bunty's bosom friend of the fitting-gang days, "here's the little Super! What you doin' here, kid?"
"I'm going up to the wreck," Bunty announced sturdily.
The men laughed.
"Well, I guess not much, you're not," said Allan, "What do you think your father would say?"
"Nothing," said Bunty, airily. "I just comed from the office," he added artfully, "and I'll tell you about the wreck if you like."
The men grouped around him in a circle.
"It's at the Gap," Bunty began, sparring for time as through the window he saw Flannagan coming from the office at a run. "And it's a freight train, and—and it's all smashed up, and"
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Films played a major part in propaganda in Nazi Germany. The film industry was controlled by the Nazis and ranged from anti-Semitic films such as “The Eternal Jew”, to propaganda films to 'enlighten' youths about the Hitler Youth movement (“Hitlerjunge Quex”) to coverage of the 1936 Berlin Olympics by Leni Riefenstahl. Whatever topic it was, all of this was controlled by Joseph Goebbels' Ministry of Propaganda. It was Goebbels who said:
“We are convinced that films constitute one of the most modern and scientific means of influencing the mass. Therefore the government must not neglect them.”
“The Eternal Jew” portrayed Jews in the way the Nazis wanted people in Germany to think about the Jews in general. Some of the film was taken in the ghettoes of Polish cities after the successful invasion of September/October 1939. It showed dishevelled Jews living in squalor and portrayed this as a 'normal' way of life for the Jews. “The Eternal Jew” was made in 1940 and the Ministry of Propaganda wanted to reinforce its view of Jews onto the German people at a time when there was a general feeling among the Nazi hierarchy that its message was not being fully supported by many Germans. The Jews were compared to rats throughout the film with the narrator informing the audience that as rats spread diseases, so do the Jews. The film is riddled with inaccuracies: Charlie Chaplin was portrayed as a Jew, which he was not and the Torah is read out in a service on a Tuesday, which would not happen. The film's director, Fritz Hippler, claimed that everyone who took part in the film did so on a voluntary basis when, in fact, coercion was used especially in the scenes filmed in the ghettoes. Probably the most infamous part of “The Eternal Jew”, and the part that was most designed to create a feeling of revulsion among the viewers, was the ritual slaughter of animals before they were eaten. However, despite the image of total loyalty to Hitler and therefore to the Nazi state that the Propaganda Ministry wanted to propagate, not that many Germans paid to see the film. It is thought that only 1 million went to the cinema to view it - far fewer than the 20 million that paid to see “Jew Süβ”.
'Hitlerjunge Quex' was released in 1933 by Hans Steinhoff. While the film was titled 'Hitlerjunge Quex' it was also subtitled “a film about young people's spirit of sacrifices” and these words were on the posters that advertised the film. Unlike many Nazi films, 'Hitlerjunge Quex' was a box office success.
It told the story of Heini, a small and not very strong blond boy. His parents lived in a poor area of Berlin. His mother was portrayed as a caring and kind woman. His unemployed father, a socialist, was portrayed as a bitter and unpleasant man. Heini's father sent him on a weekend's camp with young communists. During this weekend, Heini met a group of Hitler Youth. He was immediately impressed with them and decided that he would like to join them. His father reacted violently when Heini expressed his desire to join the Hitler Youth. However, as well as upsetting his father, Heini was also rejected by the local Hitler Youth when he tried to join them as they believed that because of his background he was a communist spy who would feed information back to his father about what the Hitler Youth did. Seeing her son in total despair, Heini's mother tried to gas both herself and her son. Heini survived but his mother died. In a show of support, members of the Hitler Youth turned up at his home with a uniform for him and accept him as one of them. They nicknamed him 'Quex' (Mercury) because he volunteered for the most hazardous missions that the Hitler Youth carried out. A senior member of the local SA believed that Heini was too young and too small for such missions. However, he allowed him to distribute Nazi leaflets in an area of Berlin where the communists were strong. While distributing the leaflets in a poorly lit area of Berlin, Heini was attacked by communist thugs and was badly injured. He was found the next morning by members of the Hitler Youth but he was close to dying. With his last breath, Heini spoke the words of a Nazi marching song: “We march for Hitler, through night and dread - the flag means more than being dead.”
'Hitlerjunge Quex' did exactly what Goebbels wanted films to do: it portrayed the socialists/communists as the bad people while the Hitler Youth were the opposite. To what extent people were taken in by it is not known as the Nazi censorship machine ensured that all comments were what the government wanted to hear.
The coverage of the 1936 Olympic Games would have started well for Riefenstahl. The opening ceremony in what was one of the world's largest stadiums was carefully orchestrated. The crowd had been primed to greatly cheer when the German team made its appearance. The French even gave Hitler the Nazi salute - something that it had threatened not to do. But then she must have run into a major problem - how did you portray one of the world's greatest athletes without going against Nazi racial theory? Jesse Owens won four Olympic gold medals - and he was not white. The accepted blue ribbon event - the 100 yards dash - even had two non-white medal winners. It had been accepted that Hitler would put the medals around the necks of the three medal winners but he stormed off in anger. Riefenstahl - a favourite of Hitler's - took the simple approach. She showed it as it was including the defeat of the Nazi super-athlete Lutz Lang to Owens in the long jump. But she also used footage of Owens being interviewed where he stated that he had greatly enjoyed his time in Berlin and that his treatment and reception by the Berlin people had been outstanding. A director of NBC went on film to congratulate the Nazi organisation for the most modern transmitting arrangements seen at that time - 20 transmitting vans were put at the disposal of the world's media. That way, with the opening and closing ceremonies going to plan, the world's greatest athlete hailing the 1936 Olympics and a leading American company expressing their gratitude, the whole racial issue was seemingly bypassed with no obvious problems. It is almost certain that few would have discussed the racial issue after the Olympics (how can a non-white be inferior when he won four gold medals?') simply because Nazi Germany was a police state. Any deviation from the accepted path would have been suitably dealt with and people in Germany would have known this.
Both Hitler and Goebbels knew that films were an important part of the propaganda machine. They set up a specific department to create 'proper' Nazi films as early as 1930 and Goebbels took an especial interest in it. After the war, Fritz Hippler was tried for his part in the making of “The Eternal Jew”. He was acquitted but during his cross-examination, he did make the point that while Goebbels tended to sit back during the making of most Nazi films, he took a very active part in “The Eternal Jew” as if he was desperate to hammer home the Nazi's anti-Semitic views.
Propaganda in Nazi Germany
Propaganda within Nazi Germany was taken to a new and frequently perverse level. Hitler was very aware of the value of good propaganda and he…
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Page:VCH Rutland 1.djvu/90
REPTILES AND BATRACHIANS The list of reptiles and batrachians to be found in Rutland is an extremely meagre one. No doubt more careful and continuous observa- tion would add one or two names to the list, but in any case herpetology is not a science that would find any great scope in this county. The only reptile that can be called really common is the grass-snake, and the only two batrachians in any sense numerous are the frog and the newt. REPTILES OPHIDIA 1. Grass-Snake. Tropldonotus natrtx, Linn. Common, especially at Ridlington, where one was killed, 3 feet long, with twenty eggs in her. Another was killed in Exton Park in 1 90 1 which measured 3 feet 8 inches in length, and was ^^ inches in girth. Speci- mens have been taken at Caldecote and Wardley, and no doubt the grass-snake is distributed throughout the county. The Rev. B. N. Cherry of Clipsham informs me that it is a rooted idea among the keepers in that neighbourhood that no snakes are found between the Nen and the Welland, though common to the south of the former river and to the north of the latter. 2. Viper or Adder. Vipera berus, Linn. Not common in the southern part of the county. At Ketton it used to be quite numerous, much more so, says Mr. E. St. G. Betts, than the grass-snake. Latterly it has become much scarcer. Near Uppingham it has only been recorded occasionally. LACERTILIA 3. Common Lizard. Lacerta vivipara (Jacq.) Seldom seen near Uppingham. Since 1889 only three cases of its appearance have been recorded. At Ketton it is commoner and probably elsewhere in the county. The s&nA-x2ird[Lacerta agUis) has not been recorded but probably occurs. 4. Blind-worm. Anguis fragilis, Linn. Sparingly distributed. BATRACHIANS ECAUDATA 1 . Common Frog. Rana temporar'ia, Linn. Common, but not very numerous in any one place. 2. Toad. Bufo vulgaris, Laur. Sparingly distributed throughout the county, but Mr. E. H. V. Hodge reports great num- bers breeding in the Oakham Canal. CAUDATA 3. Great Crested Newt. Molge cristata, Laur. Fairly common in all the pools and ponds. 4. Common Newt. Molge vulgaris^ Linn. Very common everywhere. There is no record of M. palmata, which has perhaps been confused with the prevalent species. 54
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+2 votes
Hello everyone.
My game runs smoothly inside the editor, but when I run it inside my Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge, it shows some flickering in the movement of my nodes. I thought it could be lag due to performance aspects, but when I took a look in my FPS log, the game had 60 FPS in the majority of time, but sometimes it reached a peak of 61 FPS, and I believe this is the reason of my problems.
Already tried to "Force FPS" to 60 FPS but the peaks still happens. Can someone help me? This is the only thing preventing me from finishing my game.
asked Mar 16, 2018 in Projects by AzorMachine (59 points)
1 Answer
0 votes
I had this and when i looked into it i had errors pertaining to "incorrect srgb profile" i took the image in question. Exported it with correct setting and the issue dissapeared.
Hope this helps.
answered Mar 21, 2018 by Squatnet (122 points)
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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* @license GPL 2 */ namespace dokuwiki\plugin\farmsync\meta; /** * Base class to hold the results of a single update operation */ class UpdateResults { private $_finalText = ""; private $_mergeResult; private $_animal; private $_item; /** @var \helper_plugin_farmsync helper */ protected $helper; /** @var FarmSyncUtil */ protected $_farm_util; /** * UpdateResults constructor. * * @param string $item ID of the item that was updated * @param string $animal the animal that was updated */ function __construct($item, $animal) { $this->_item = $item; $this->_animal = $animal; $this->_farm_util = new FarmSyncUtil(); $this->helper = plugin_load('helper', 'farmsync'); } /** * @return string */ public function getFinalText() { return $this->_finalText; } /** * @param string $finalText */ public function setFinalText($finalText) { $this->_finalText = $finalText; } /** * @return string */ public function getMergeResult() { return $this->_mergeResult; } /** * @param string $mergeResult */ public function setMergeResult($mergeResult) { $this->_mergeResult = $mergeResult; } /** * Return the result as formatted HTML * * @return string */ public function getResultLine() { $text = $this->helper->getLang('mergeresult:' . $this->getMergeResult()); return '' . $this->getItem() . ' ' . $text; } /** * @return string */ public function getAnimal() { return $this->_animal; } /** * @param string $animal */ public function setAnimal($animal) { $this->_animal = $animal; } /** * @return string */ public function getItem() { return $this->_item; } }
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Page:Three Thousand Selected Quotations from Brilliant Writers.djvu/194
186 Do we not all, in this very hour, recall a death-bed scene in which some loved one has passed away? And, as we bring to mind the solemn reflections of that hour, are we not ready to hear and to heed the voice with which a dying wife once addressed him who stood sobbing by her side: "My dear husband, live for one thing, and only one thing; just one thing,—the glory of God, the glory of God!" —.
Here I stand; I can do no otherwise. God help me. Amen. —.
Firmness, both in sufferance and exertion, is a character which I would wish to possess. I have always despised the whining yelp of complaint and the cowardly, feeble resolve. —.
Decision is a vastly important thing with a convicted sinner. He must choose, or he must be lost. If he will not do it, he may expect the Divine Spirit to depart from him, and leave him to his own way. —.
I take one decisive and immediate step, and resign my all to the sufficiency of my Saviour. —.
For a few brief days the orchards are white with blossoms. They soon turn to fruit, or else float away, useless and wasted, upon the idle breeze. So will it be with present feelings. They must be deepened into decision, or be entirely dissipated by delay. —.
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