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Hamilton, whom the Rangers owe $2 million this season — with the Angels on the hook for the other (wince) $26.41 million — was in camp trying to perform another miracle, another against-the-odds comeback.
But that’s my description, not his.
When asked the other day where he felt he stood physically, eight months after the ACL reconstruction surgery, Hamilton said, “There are spurts in there at 100 percent. But that’s one thing I’m trying to manage. I’m probably doing everything at 70, 80 percent right now.”
Rangers first baseman Josh Hamilton said he feels great eight months removed from major surgery on his left knee (Video by Stefan Stevenson/ Star-Telegram).
By
Hamilton is always going to attract headlines. I don’t think the Rangers, however, were deceiving themselves for a minute.
“The way we’re treating Josh is that we feel he still has a lot of talent,” general manager Jon Daniels said before Tuesday’s incident. “But with his recent track record, his health is a very real concern, so we’d be silly to rush him.”
Hamilton was in camp, trying to win a job. Maybe he was going to play a little first base, maybe some left field. Maybe, as the next miracle of his sometimes stormy life, he was going to rediscover his once-powerful bat.
A brief history aside — Hamilton, who turns 36 in May, had his last notable major league season in 2012, batting .285 with 43 homers and a .930 OPS for the Rangers.
I’ve always wanted to just keep doing it. I just love to do it.
Texas Rangers’ Josh Hamilton
He was on crutches on this date 12 months ago and missed the entire major league season.
Even if he doesn’t run another simple “arc drill” this season, Hamilton will have banked $140 million for his late-starting major league career.
So what’s he doing here? What is he trying to prove?
“I’ve always wanted to just keep doing it,” Hamilton said, “whether it was hitting or running down a ball in the outfield. I just love to do it.”
He wants to play baseball. Or maybe he just wants to hear the cheers one last time and get some sense of closure — to leave the game on his terms, not his broken down body’s.
Thus, on an otherwise routine Tuesday morning at the Texas Rangers’ spring training camp, Josh Hamilton began a simple jog, only to slow to an early halt.
And so it ends?
General manager Jon Daniels thought that Josh Hamilton might be feeling some frustration after the Rangers pulled him off of a rehab assignment because of knee soreness (video by Jeff Wilson). | mini_pile | {'original_id': '12740f417ed82525eb675c68e7a3a1ca302d53490b737767ab00eab0af95ea86'} |
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<h1 id="license">License</h1>
<h2 id="ardublockly-license">Ardublockly License</h2>
<p>This projects is copyright (c) 2016 carlosperate https://github.com/carlosperate/</p>
<p>Unless stated otherwise, the source code of this projects is
licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use any of the licensed files within this project
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<p>You may obtain a copy of the License at:</p>
<pre><code>http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
</code></pre>
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<h2 id="ardublockly-documentation-license">Ardublockly Documentation License</h2>
<p>The Ardublockly Documentation is released under the Creative Commons Attribution license.</p>
<p>Some of the documentation has been based on the Google's Blockly documentation, released under the same license, and identified in each of the files. </p>
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<h2 id="desktop-application-wrapper-license">Desktop Application Wrapper License</h2>
<p>The original electron boilerplate by Jakub Szwacz is release under the following license. All modifications to the boilerplate code for Ardublockly adhere to this license and are copyright of carlosperate.</p>
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<h2 id="unmodified-software-licenses">Unmodified Software Licenses</h2>
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questionsan open apology to @metaphore
It seems quite obvious from looking at how the 2 accounts post and vote for each other that it's the same person. /educated speculation
I hope this doesn't bitter you too much about being generous.
Speaking for the non-scamming side of the community: We love and appreciate you and all you do @cowboydann.
Regardless of what happens I don't think DW chat should be invite only.
If this is true (which certainly seems to be the case after investigating: multiple associations even outside the world of woot), then @cowboydann has all the right to feel the way he does. What he does takes more patience and hardwork than we all know, and he does it for no gain to himself. He does it for the community! @Metaphore and @lazyzombie should be ashamed. People suck.
I want to apologize FOR lazyzombie/ metaphor because I know he/she doesn't have the balls to own up to it. I know allot of us are as disappointed as you are in their behavior.
Please know that your generosity and efforts are greatly appreciated by us all!
Once again, no good deed goes unpunished.
In the end, I got royally burned with the traveling BOC I started here, way back when. It was only through the kindness & pity of some of my fellow deals members that renewed my faith in the Community. And they were nice enough not to say "I told you so."
It seemed like such a fun idea when we started:
#offal1 #offal2
Yay, a posse! And seconded with @moosezilla.
And yes, that is cheap and sleazy; no, dann, you're not being whiney.
Crap, gotta run. Off to work.
Oh, posse, do we get a dance number or something? Thriller!
I know I'm not part of the Chat crowd (no time!) but would you mind if I chime in here before you get the Tar and Feathers out? I do have a TON of experience in rooting out trolls/sockpuppets on message boards, it was part of my "job" on two rather large websites.
Matching IP addresses (or IRC "masks" as you call them) ARE a piece of evidence, but as they say, sometimes the devil is in the details... I did a little digging this morning and learned a couple of things.
Did you know that Metaphore has a brother? (It has been mentioned here.) And I'm pretty sure they are both gamers. Also found other postings on the big wide web where BOTH of those usernames have posted together. Based on what I have read I believe they are Brother/Sister and both live in the same house. I REALLY don't want to post links to the "evidence", but it is out there in plain sight for anyone who wants to dig a little deeper.
If you know anything about IP addresses (which is what IRC chat "masks" are based on) you will know that 2 computers in the same house will have the same IP address. My Hubby and Son also frequent several of the same websites that I belong to and at one time all 3 of us were posting from the same house, looking very much like I had 3 accounts. Luckily I was an Admin on the site in question and had no problems explaining the situation.
I hope you will take the time to reach out to Metaphore and ask for an explaination before a guilty verdict is passed down, and please keep in mind that not everyone has their user settings set to receive an email when they are mentioned! I do, and even then I don't always get notified! @cowboydann if you would like a link to the other website, drop me a PM and I will give it to you. :-)
what about THIS That's right just 20 days ago you were bravoing (is that a word?) @lazyzombie. What's your angle here @cowboydann? Are you a shill for the shills?
I've clearly been watching too much Matlock lately.
@lavikinga: That sounded like an awesome idea! What happened?
@lavikinga: I didn't participate in the Offal offerings, but I'm curious as to how you got burned by it? Never got a box sent back to you? Something else?
@jimeezlady Good insights. Thanks for expanding my short-sightedness... What you have described seems plausible but some of cowboydann points about the timing of the posts do seem questionable.
@jimeezlady: It is just real suspicious that they both closed out in the last minutes, For the most part lazyzombie only said 3-4 words at a time, and looking at the chat longs. I'm willing to give the benefit of the doubt.
It just gets really weird when you see months of only upvoting one person, and things like that.
Shoot I forgot I was editing my posts, I would have typed faster to beat the clock.
The prizes are currently in the holding pen, the mask isn't banned from DWChat, I'd like to hope it is a big misunderstanding, but like I said, when you see long trending patterns of voting together, and exlusive upvotes towards (and nobody else other than yourself) it gets really suspicious. I don't know what I'm doing yet, and I wont until I hear from one of the two.
I'd really like to hope this is all my imagination running wild, but I don't know. I just don't see how it can't be scamming free swag...If an apology is owed, I will create another question with a big apology, and I expect everyone backing me here to have my back at that question and help make it twice as popular as this thread.
Sorry people are trying to take advantage of your good nature. :(
@magic cave: As I recall, and I was part of the original Traveling BOC, that is exactly what happened. Someone got the BOC but didn't send it on. We were able to restart the BOC, it's not like we all don't have a bunch of C around, and so it continued but it was a disappointment that it stopped.
@jimeezlady: I was going to suggest this as a possibility that it could either be brother/sister or a roommate. If that is the case then it could explain having similar tastes and voting for similar deal and upvoting each others respective deals. My brother is on here (tho far less active) and I have upvoted the few deals he has posted so I believe that could be happening.
I really hope that is the case. I felt lucky enough being home on a giveaway night for once that may have even been the last and it was a lot of fun in the room. I really hope someone didn't take advantage of CBD's unbelievable generosity because it would really leave a sour taste on what I thought was a fun night for all.
@raider9924: I'm really hoping for siblings, it was bounced around in woot chat a little bit before I made the post. Gonna have to wait. I'm going to get ready for work, so I might not be too active over here for another 9 hours
@jimeezlady: I agree that they may be brother/sister, husband/wife, etc.. A few years ago, my roommate and I would be sitting next to each other but on our laptops talking in a chat room we frequented. Perhaps a PM to them would help solve this issue?
@cowboydann: Next time one per household and at the discretion of CD. After all it is your game your prizes. Your time, your creativeness and your money.
I personally would not blame you if you error on the side of caution.
And no I am not one of the 'take turns for BOC crowd'.
@cowboydann: I think I've found your answer. Looks like @lazyzombie is probably the unnamed boyfriend in question.
Is any one surprised that there are selfish, anti-social types in this world?
We all suffer for these "precious" few. I'd hope that the mods will act to ban this person. Plus all the fake accounts that serial proxy downvotes. It breaks and weakens a great community.
@magic cave: @dupedyetagain: The last link in the chain of Offal#1 received the box and never completed the chain by forwarding it on. I guess Life's circumstances got in the way.
What bothered me more than my family saying "I told you so," both of us were very active here, I had hoped, at the very least, for an explanation, apology, something, ANY thing. Nothing was ever said. Live and learn.
On the bright side, I think the second box that was going out with a different list of people made it through to the very end of the game and the original sender.
@lavikinga: That's a bummer, for sure. At least it only happened at the very end—it sounds like everyone else had a good time with it.
@zuiquan: So that seems to be the case, Thanks for figuring it out. I knew something was up but I couldn't tell what. While I still feel it was a little underhanded to not disclose such information. I would have much rather them follow @Jezebelseven's lead and enter herself only instead of herself and her man, but it is what it is. Anyways, Upon further examination I did notice that LazyZombie did not enter the black triangle code, which leads me to believe it is legit. I don't want woot mods to delete the question, Instead I asked them to change the name to an Open apology to @Metaphore.
There was no rule against being opportunistic, but I'll definitely have to make more rules next time. Also I apologize for the language and namecalling. As I said, I was running on 3 hours of sleep and lost my head and didn't keep it civil. Add me on steam And I'll get you your games when I get home. Hope you'll accept this apology and hope to see you two in future wootchats.
@cowboydann: Still, one aught to declare something like that in future games. Glad you've gotten things unsnarled. Please don't let this dissuade any future good-deed-doings. It's been fun seeing you run around with your hair a-fire! ;)
after reading this it scares me what could be figured out by this group based on my big fat internet mouth ....
@djbowman: Hey hey hey....I take offense to that statement! We do not do anything like that around here!
P.S.: Your new furniture looks great from your front yard! ;)
@raider9924: P.S.: Your new furniture looks great from the tree in your back yard! ;)
Fixed your post.
@djbowman: I like to think someone bored has very detailed files on us.
ps. How's my foil hat looking? I made it myself you know. (And of course you already knew that.)
*sadly lowers burning pitchfork; heads back home kicking rocks.
@wootfast: The part that hurts most is know I disappoint you. Sorry.
Since this is a community issue, I changed the tag from "shill" to "community" to help more accurately represent the situation.
i am glad ppl weren't actually being jerks. (presumably.)
i was bugging @gatzby about deciphering things, but the community went & done it without us!
@cowboydann: i know you mentioned in chat that you might start pooling $$$ somehow for prizes. maybe an approach like that might deter such concerns down the road?
(i'd just hate to see community-driven games's different when you guyez do it of your own accord, you know?)
Damn, you're telling me I bought the $5 rake and $5 shovel for nothing! How am I going to explain this torch to my boss now!
as an added challenge I started a thread about my big fat internet mouth. I wonder if anyone else has been as forthcoming as I have...
@rockytrh - No tree sorry
@pemberducky: Yeah, that was just a fun idea I was toying around with. The most Likely Scenario would be have people Pay 8 Dollars towards the shipping of their DOC (that still leaves 3 dollars shipipng and prizes for me to put in them) And that's the most realistic scenario right now. I still need to toy around with some other ideas, but that's where it's looking if I wanted to do a game next month.
I figure that would be fair, It's what wooters are used to paying for a BOC and I don't think I've put out a "DOC" that has disappointed yet.
First of let me start off by defending myself. I started coming here when Metaphore showed me the website back in November 2010 when I was invited to her place for thanksgiving. After that, sparks flew between us (we met on WoW) and I moved from Chicago to Spokane and we began living together. I totally wooed her one day when I bought and gifted her a 4 pack of Albino rhino and Adequate Gift wine, while convincing her that we should move in together. (If you want evidence of different addresses I can provide them.) I pretty much check out Woot! a couple times a day for deals and things to buy, primarily shirts. We now have a large collection of the shirts and its pretty much all we wear around here. I mean I’m wearing the Forbidden planet/Futurama shirt right now. (Continued)
Occasionally I get the idea to pop a deal up here and there, some to be funny, like the Weezer “Crab” song , others because “hey this seems like a pretty neat deal” (Chipotle, which Meta then informed me would probably be taken down as it wasn’t a proper deal, as it wasn’t the day of the coupon.) But all in all I’m not much of a deal.wooter like she is. I’m probably pretty passive especially to the forums(they can be addicting), but I do browse a bit, especially for pizza deals. I have held a black triangle once or twice but I’m not much of a presence, except for that clutch contest win (chicks like hearts.) Why we vote on each other’s stuff is pretty simple, because we are a considerate couple to each other. We like supporting each other, if this is wrong, then I’ll stop doing it in the future. I simply wasn’t aware if this was a policy or not. (Continued)
As for the games, if people are that upset about it, I’m willing to forfeit my games (not that I have much of a choice.) Meta told me about the giveaway probably an hour or two before hand and it seemed interesting so I hopped into chat and decided “sure why not, I doubt I’ll win anything.” It seemed to me that there were a lot more games than people. I mean people ended up with 3-4 games anyway, so it didn’t seem like a big deal that we were both winning a couple games here and there. At the end it seemed like CBD was begging people to take them.
Now about the venom being spewed on this, I absolutely dislike it. I’m attempting to refrain from name calling and I’m trying to take the upper moral ground on this. But the look on metas face when I got home from class today made me assume that there was an angry mob out front about to burn her at the stake; it left me a bit fuming. When a community of peers turns on you it really hurts, a sinking feeling in my chest can attest to that.
I love everything Woot! When 10 (Pacific) rolls around I check out the new deal, even though I know it’s probably just another Dyson, just like everyone else does. I’m an annoyingly huge Kidfoot fan, and I can’t get that “pizza’s the greatest” song out of my head. I’d personally hate that a simple misunderstanding like this would hurt my views on woot and the woot community and vice versa. Although I must admit it certainly already has, right when I was starting to get interested in the community after a neat night last night. (Apologize for the random French and random convo starters last night.)
TL;DR We are different people, The community can have the games I won back, although It was the thing I was looking forward to most today. Venom being spewed, feelings hurt. Haircuts, waffles.
If you want evidence that we are different people. Just request what you want and I can deliver it
Sorry about the spam.
@lazyzombie: :::hands on hips::: Do you two have any idea how much you worried everybody?
Gotta like a man who woos a girl with Woot wine!
@Lazyzombie, @Metaphore.
I owe you both a bigger apology than I can fit in here, I'd like invite you to come back to chat tonight when I get home from work. I would like to talk to you for a few minutes over private message. Needless to say the whole situation was handled wrong, We're actually a very welcoming community,(the woot addicts that actually want to spend more time with woot people) and hate ourselves. Based on the evidence we had at the time, and the whole fact that none of it made any sense, I jumped the gun. Hindsight says I had your email and should have done that instead, but I wasn't thinking straight last night. I just saw two people who were very quiet and entering submissions seconds apart from each other, and the same HostMask. I hate to think I may have driven someone away from not only our chat but the entire woot community. I'm sure I'm not the only one who would like to apologize, but please come in, lets chat for a while.
Running out of room.
Anyways, You deserve a lot more, but I just can't say it here. Things are busy at work today, but please consider stopping by tonight. I'd really like it if we could talk for a little bit. I get home at 8:30 Woot Time and like I said I'm sure I wont be the only one apologizing tonight. Sorry again for any hurt feelings, pain I had caused. The games are yours to keep, you don't have to forfeit anything.
Hope to talk to you soon.
@lazyzombie: Being fairly new to the DWC (only been a few times and only started this month) I could understand the few words spoken...I go the other way, do not speak much but when I do say a lot in 1 line. I guessed and hoped it was 2 different but connected people which in the end it was. I do agree that it was a bit surprising that people jumped to the conclusion seemingly early into the questioning.....but I can understand how it happened:
1. For CBD, stress and lack of sleep does funny things to you. He noticed something and ran with it when maybe he should have slept on it (it happens).
2. As you stated you support your g/f, which is great, the other guys supported CBD in the same manor, someone who they consider a friend. Instead of stepping back and thinking they defended their friend looking out for who they know. From playing full contract sports I fully get that. @wootfast said it best which is how those scenes play out. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9762282967567444}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '175930', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:O5MSO4BZA3INAWRDKK2HYAKYZHYVIGED', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:8c5ae3c5-fbf1-40dd-8f16-3c8c83cd3efa>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 3, 11, 20, 17, 15), 'WARC-IP-Address': '107.23.67.203', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:JJUUC46CMSBRDEAXYMZXOBK2RAENC54F', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:eb486aa3-f64e-4d13-8975-03c881d7f784>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://deals.woot.com/questions/details/0467ba02-3be0-490d-8a2e-6985095892cd/an-open-apology-to-atmetaphore?sort=oldest', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:35882001-98ff-4759-b61e-fccbd1dc59a2>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '3178', 'url': 'http://deals.woot.com/questions/details/0467ba02-3be0-490d-8a2e-6985095892cd/an-open-apology-to-atmetaphore?sort=oldest', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-10\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for March 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.02375584840774536', 'original_id': '76f2e7072b2afb631121560d354640df1a4311863ca8a8d453a2bf160ec60840'} |
Francis Deng
[[{"type":"media","view_mode":"media_original","fid":"632","attributes":{"alt":"","class":"media-image","height":"409","style":"float: left;","width":"270"}}]]Preface to Cry of the Owl
Francis Mading Deng is currently South Sudan's first ambassador to the United Nations. His prolific career not only includes public service but he has also authored and edited 40 books in the fields of history, politics anthropology and folklore, and has written two novels on the theme of the crisis of national identity in the Sudan. He was one the first authors from the region to have been published internationally in English. Deng hails from the Ngok branch of the Dinka tribe, which is largest group in Sudan. His fiction, biographies and some of his anthropological work attempts to explore the intricacies of Dinka life along with the political imperative of shattering the perception of Arab-African disparity in Sudan. His second novel, Cry of the Owl tells the story of Elias Bol Malek who is the son of a Dinka chief. It is framed as a bildungsroman, a novel of moral and psychological development, and spans his journey through a changing Sudan from the sixties to eighties as differences between the North and South are tipping towards civil war. Elias has a high status within his own people and also gets an education at the Christian missionary school. Throughout the protagonist's life, the question of the Arabicized versus Africanized identity rears its head. During a skirmish, his parents lose a son to an Arab group and later, it also turns out that Elias himself is an offspring born of an Arab man who had kidnapped his mother. The chosen excerpt below displays various aspects of traditional Dinka life as Elias returns to his village to pay respects to his ailing father. Herein, the question of his brother lost to an Arab group appears for the first time in the novel. In Cry of the Owl, Deng wishes to rupture the very mythology on which the civil conflict between the North and South has been laid out. By revealing the fragile roots of this identity politics, the author is asking for a radical requisitioning of the very presumptions on which cultural clashes are built and how to go about finding constructive and innovative solutions to co-exist in an eternally splintering world.
Chapter Three
ELIAS WOKE UP BY daybreak, brushed his teeth, washed his face, and sat on a chair outside his father’s courthouse. He was soon joined by his companions. They were having their morning tea, marveling at the transformation of nature when a boy came to say that Elias’s father wanted to see him. Elias hurried to his father’s hut and found him with his mother. His father was drinking tea.
Elias could not believe how improved he looked. “How did you sleep, Father?”
“Quite well. I feel much better than I have done for some time now.”
Turning to Aluel, Malengdit said, “Pour your son a cup of tea!”
“No, thank you. I have just had my tea.”
“Have more.”
“Well, let me pour it then,” Elias conceded.
“Aluel, perhaps you should leave us alone now. I want to talk to Bol.”
“What keeps me outside your talk?” protested Aluel mildly.
“There are some things which only men should know,” Malengdit explained. “But on second thought, perhaps you too should know this one. Only I want it to be strictly between us. You women have a way of betraying secrets. Keep this one to yourself.”
“What secret have I ever betrayed?” Aluel questioned with a conciliatory laughter that took Malengdit’s comment not as a criticism, but rather as a teasing emphasis on the confidentiality of what was about to come.
“Son, as I told you, I slept well last night; I certainly feel much better today,” resumed Malengdit. “Several things happened which I thought I should tell you about. What I told you yesterday about the message of the lion seems to be already manifesting itself. I was sleeping when I was woken by the sound of a lion. It was not the sound of a hungry lion; it was a peaceful roar. When I woke up and tried to listen more carefully, I could hear it no longer. I asked the woman, your young stepmother who was sleeping with me, but she said that she had not heard any lion’s roar. She dismissed it as a dream. I did not argue with her, although I was sure that I heard the sounds of a lion. I recalled your experience and felt that even if it were a dream, there was a message in that dream. Anyway, I decided to go back to sleep.
“I had gone back to sleep for only a brief period when I woke up again and this time heard an owl cry. It was on top of this hut. The rain had stopped for a while. Your stepmother also heard it. She wanted to go out and chase the owl away, but I prevented her from doing so. Our people consider the owl an evil bird because it functions at night. But for the same reason, it is a wise bird that sees things in the darkness- things others do not see. I felt that its visit might have some significance, a purpose. So, I called a few words of prayer for ancestors to reveal to me the purpose of the visits by the lion and the owl. Both brought to mind the tragedy our family faced once when the cry of the owl was followed by the Arab attack and the intervention of the lions against them. Anyway, I prayed for the significance of these revelations.
“Then I went back to sleep and saw an astonishing vision in a dream. Our sacred spears, the symbols of our divine leadership, were blazing with a white flame and lying coiled around them was the snake totem of our clan, the puff adder. He was not at all affected by the heat of the flame. Indeed, there was no heat; it was merely a ring of light. I took it to be the illumination of our spirit, Ring, the Flesh. So, still in the dream, I got up; I prayed for explanation in front of the spears; I anointed the puff adder with butter; and I placed a gourd of melted butter in front of him. Then my father appeared next to the spears and with him was a creature who looked human but which I could not easily identify. That creature was holding the rope tied to the neck of the bull Malek, which was sacrificed yesterday. The bull looked as alive as any animal in the herd.
“It was my father who spoke first. ‘Son,” he said, ‘listen to our words very carefully, but do not try to touch us. We are not of your world. The man with me is Malengdit, the spirit after whom you are named. You know that I named you after him because he had saved our people from the disaster of smallpox. He is a life-giver, not a killer. And yet, Ayueldit was correct in divining that Malengdit wanted to bring you into our world of the dead. His intention, which he discussed with me, was to save you.
‘We have been watching over the affairs of your world and have been deeply distressed by the changes we have observed. Our people have been transformed by foreign powers. First, the English came and introduced our young people to their religion, their language, and their ways of doing things. But at least they left most of our people under their chiefs to live their lives the way their ancestors had always done. Then the Arabs of the North and the Egyptians sent the English away and said that they wanted the Sudan to be united into one people. This has now turned into a disaster for our people. They have been subjected to the kind of wars that destroyed this country before the English came. And now, our people are being turned into Muslims and away from the religion of their forefathers. Our people have been changed twice in your own lifetime, first to adopt the ways of the English and now to adopt the ways of the Arabs. Your power to control things through the ancient ways of your ancestors is being undermined and diminished.’
“My father went on: ‘To hold your position only means to make your people believe that their ancestral powers still prevail when they have lost control. It is now being said that chieftainship should be abolished and chiefs replaced with elected leaders. That will be the end of ancestral leadership through divine chiefs. Malengdit argued, and I agreed with him, that it would be disastrous for our people to have our ancient leadership terminated by foreign rulers. It would be better for you to withdraw naturally and let the young educated generation assume their power through the ways they know best.
“We, the ancestors, including you, their fathers, will then keep a close watch on them and bless their efforts from here in order for them to keep the names of our people alive and retain effective control over their own affairs. That was indeed why we sent the lion to meet with Bol so that he would know their clan spirits are with them even in distant lands. Malengdit and I have heard the prayers of the elders to save you for the people and have decided to grant their request for now. But, son, we have appeared to you in order to advise you to prepare your sons to take over and provide the people with the leadership required by the new conditions that now prevail. To be effective in meeting the challenge, your sons must come together. Convince Bol to look for his lost twin brothers, Achwil, whom the Arabs captured while infant, and Madit, who later disappeared. We have spotted them. One is living a dangerous life in an Arab town. The other has met with a smoother success, but has become completely Arab. Bol must look for them and bring them back to the service of their people together with him. Those are our words. You will live long enough to fulfill this prophesy and then we will come to fetch you so that you retied with dignity and preserve the ancestral legacy of our leadership. We must go now. Farewell, my son.’
“Then I fell into a deep sleep from which I woke up this morning feeling much better. So, my son, that was what happened last night and those were the words of my father. I do not have much to add except this.”
As he spoke, he pointed to the sacred spears at the back of the hut. The two large spears, one leaf-like and the other lance-life, had been passed down the family line from time immemorial and represented the power of divine rule. They rested on a piece of oiled leather and lying coiled next to them was a huge puff adder with a gourd of melted butter in front of it.
“What is that?” shouted Elias, who until then had been silently absorbed, mesmerized by the story. “I woke up early to find him there. So I got up and said a few words of prayer and gave him the butter. You see, son, I have survived this illness and will live for some time yet, but the will of the ancestors must be fulfilled. You must find your brothers and work together for the cause of peace and well-being among your people. It will not be necessary any more for you to stay here. You must return and get to task.”
Elias had noticed that his mother’s eyelids were heavy with tears. When his father concluded his words, she lost control of herself and broke own, sobbing. Malengdit was angered by her conduct. “Aluel, this was exactly what I was afraid of when I asked you to leave,” he said. “How dare you cry over a prophetic word from the ancestors? Have you not heard that I am not dying as yet? Is that news to cry over or did you want me to die? Now, let me see no more tears or else you will make my tongue say bad words.”
“How can you talk like that?” Aluel complained as she wiped her tears. “How can you talk in such a cold-blooded way about our twin sons? And how can you recall their memory and expect me to show no emotions? Can’t you see that I have struggled to forget, but can’t? Now you speak of them as though they are still alive and you expect me to remain calm? You may want them for leadership, but for me, I don’t care whether they are to be leaders or not; I only pray to God that you are right and that they are still alive and well.” And as she spoke, she began to wail.
“Woman, it is not my words that I say; I am only a tongue for the words of our ancestors. You must not doubt the truth of their words. You speak as though your children were born of a woman without a father. Are they yours alone or our together? Stop crying: you will offend our ancestors and make them take those children away forever.”
Elias felt so removed from their world that he did not even know how to respond. He certainly knew the story of his lost brothers, but he had never fully realized how much their memory still meant to his parents. In fact, he felt shaken by the reference to their role in leadership. Was his father, whose idea all this obviously was, disappointed with Elias’s role? Or was it merely that he was pained by the loss of his other sons and wanted to justify the renewal of the search?
Elias quickly dismissed these suspicious ideas and relished the thought that his brothers might still be alive. How wonderful it would be to be reunited with them! Perhaps, since they were older than him, they could help in the burdensome task of leadership. All those thoughts crossed his mind in a flash as he listened to his parents, while continuing to watch the snake.
“Father, this is a deadly snake,” Elias spoke out on a topic he felt needed most urgent attention. “We must kill it or dispose of it in some way.”
“Son, this is exactly what your ancestors were talking about. Your ways are different. But you must understand your people’s ways. You see, a power that is deadly is equally effective in protecting life. Our clan is known for its power to destroy by curse, but we are equally famed for providing spiritual protection for our people. That is what these large sacred spears stand for. And just as our destructive power is only effective in punishing wrongdoing, this ancestor you see lying by the spears is only deadly against those who deserve punishment. Otherwise, he is a protector. Can’t you see that he is here by the will of God and the ancestors?”
“Is there really nothing we can do, Father, to protect people from a possible accident with the snake?”
“Malek, Bol is telling the truth,” interjected his mother. “This is a village of many people. It is possible that our ancestor, the puff adder, might wish to stretch a little by moving around the village. Cattle could trample over him. Humans might accidently step on him. He might take that as disdain and strike back. We will have opened another front with the spirits. I suggest that he be taken away for his own protection and to prevent harm to anyone.”
“Go and look for a lamb of chuany color, one whose pattern is as close as possible to that of the puff adder,” Malengdit conceded. “And as Ayueldit to come with my brother Akol. We shall dedicate the lamb to his and the ancestors to explain that his removal is not rejection, but protection.”
“There can be nothing bad in that,” confirmed Aluel, pleased that the chief had heeded her advice. “After all, his message has been received and will be honored.”
The village of Dak-Jur was now festive with celebrations that honored the miraculous blessing of a downpour and the recovery of Chief Malengdit. The reputation of Ayueldit for diagnostic accuracy and curative powers, already well deserved, was enhanced. Drums were brought out and the distant tribes, invited by their sounds, joined in the singing and dancing display of joy and gratitude. Animals were slaughtered and abundant foods prepared. The festivities continued for days, but the secret of the divine message remained exclusive to Elias and his parents.
Within days of the heavy rains with which the prayers for the chief’s well-being had been received by the heavenly powers, more rain fell and the land continued to be transformed. The plans were now covered with a green carpet of virgin grass while the trees began to bud colorfully and the rivers teamed with minnows and tadpoles. A symphony of sounds in the air provided both lullabies for sleep and tunes for waking up in the morning. Children gratified themselves with a cool bath in the rain pools surrounding the village, while the cattle spread out feasting lavishly on the sprouting grass.
Although Elias was now more assured of his father’s health, he felt that he should take him to Khartoum for a medical check up and whatever treatment he might need. “I don’t see the purpose, my son,” responded his father. “Our ancestors have revealed their will to us; we must act accordingly. I have no need for medical advice.”
“Father, I trust the wisdom of the ancestral will, but I see no harm in complementing that with the benefit of modern medicine.”
“That can only make our ancestors believe that we do not have full faith in them.”
“Now Father, in this day and age we cannot continue to believe in a conflict between the ancestral ways and the ways of our advancing world; the conflict must be resolved.”
Elias allowed the matter to rest knowing very well that he would have to rally the support of the elders, including Ayueldit, the Man of God. As soon as Elias found the opportunity to talk to Ayueldit in the presence of his father, he raised the question, making sure that the diviner did not read his suggestion as a vote of no confidence in his efforts. “I really think that we are better off using all the defense we have against the disease,” he said. “It is better to overkill than be the victim.”
The task of persuading Ayueldit proved far less difficult than Elias had thought, for the diviner saw no contradiction in the various approaches to Malengdit’s well-being.
“I have always maintained, as you said the other day, that we are all working for the same end, the well-being of man,” he reasoned. “We appeal more directly to God and our ancestors to remove any evils that threaten life, to restore health and to safeguard the well-being of man in society; doctors on the other hand rely more heavily on their man-made medicines. But without God’s blessing or will, their treatment would not work. So, you see why I say that we are all working for the same thing?”
It was eventually agreed that Elias Bol should take his father to Khartoum. One of the old man’s younger wives was designated to go along to nurse him. Aluel insisted that she too should go. “We pray that Malengdit will recover,” she said, “but I want to be by his side in his illness and even more so, should he die.”
The matter ended on her word, even though her reference to Malengdit’s possible death was dismissed as unnecessary fatalism.
Eager to combine caring for his father with his duties as a member of the Assembly, Elias saw to it that they left as soon as the necessary arrangements for his father’s departure were made.
When it was time to leave, a spot was prepared for Malengdit to lie on the back of the truck with Aluel and the junior wife sitting next to him. Elias and the security officer sat next to the driver. Malengdit insisted that they take a lamb and leave it where the lion had appeared as a gift or a symbol of gratitude. The lamb was tethered to the frame of the truck in the back.
The journey itself was trying for the rains had penetrated the land transforming the pavement-like soil into a heavy muddy clay. The beaten track suddenly became a long trail of mud in which the truck frequently got stuck. The passengers, except Malengdit and his wives, and of course the driver, would all get down to aid the engine with a push. No one cared anymore about protecting their clothes, or for that matter their bodies from the mud. Indeed, the muddies they looked, the more hard working and conscientious they appeared and the more self righteous they felt. When they came to the spot where they had encountered the lion, the driver, who had been informed of the plan stopped.
“Was this not where we found that lion?” he asked Elias and the other companions, who quickly confirmed the judgment.
Chief Malengdit was too exhausted to perform the full rituals of dedication. But he said a few words of invocation lying down, and reaching for the lamb, rubbed it on the back and said, “Tie him to a tree; his owner will come and find him there.”
That done, they roared on, leaving the lamb crying in a voice that sounded pitiful to Elias Bol but which to his father and mother confirmed a fulfillment of the ancestral obligation and a promise for a successful search for Achwil and Madit, the missing twins, which had just been revealed in Malengdit’s dream. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '43', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9879800081253052}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '61114', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:PIFHDHZENBOBL222GFXHFFNZ5MROIHOJ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:08aa921a-5fe5-4d2b-87db-f5d1bbb8ec18>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 9, 23, 0, 14, 11), 'WARC-IP-Address': '184.168.136.1', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:JW5AI5PBA3GV2DTWHQYFBV4EDZMAGIHG', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:95a73d0c-8012-42f9-b756-1d46c7bfb5da>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://warscapes.com/retrospectives/literary-sudans/cry-owl-excerpt', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:5a0a3d58-192c-4a1f-a4b6-33fbc59edf1d>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '3618', 'url': 'http://warscapes.com/retrospectives/literary-sudans/cry-owl-excerpt', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-136-183-252.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-39\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.020828664302825928', 'original_id': '749d2684bb7aa43c4c325f5e82ab530a9b1df46642e3bd8bbf02b74846ceb018'} |
Comparing fibrin sealant with staples for mesh fixation in laparoscopic transabdominal hernia repair: a case control-study.
Laparoscopic hernia repair is not as popular as cholecystectomy. We have performed more than 3,000 laparoscopic herniorrhaphies using the trans-abdominal (TAPP) technique. To prevent recurrences we fix the polypropylene mesh with staples. The use of fibrin glue for graft fixation is a possible alternative. We have performed 3,130 laparoscopic hernia repairs over 14 years. For mesh fixation we used titanium clips and observed a small number of complications. In July 2003 we started using fibrin glue (Tissucol(R)). The purpose of this retrospective longitudinal study was to evaluate if the use of fibrin sealant was as safe and effective as conventional stapling and if there were differences in post-operative pain, complications and recurrences. From July 2003 to June 2006 we performed 823 laparoscopic herniorrhaphies. Fibrin glue (Tissucol(R)) was used in 88 cases. Two homogeneous groups of 68 patients (83 cases) treated with fibrin glue and 68 patients (87 cases) where the mesh was fixed with staples, were compared. Patients with relevant associated diseases or large inguino-scrotal hernias were excluded. Operative times were longer in the group treated with fibrin glue with a mean of 35 minutes (range 22-65 mins) compared to the group treated with staples (25 minutes, range 14-50 mins). The time of hospital stay was the same (24 hours). Post-operative complications, that were more frequent in the stapled group, included trocar site pain, hematomas, intra-operative bleedings and incisional hernias. No significant difference was observed concerning seromas, chronic pain and recurrence rate. Less post-operative pain, and a faster return to usual activities are the main advantages of laparoscopic repair compared to the traditional approach. The use of fibrin sealant reduces in our experience the risk of post- and intra-operative complications such as bleeding and incisional hernia; recurrence rates are similar, but the operative time is longer. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'd912eeaa3571a4d4523373ebc9170168a9f4e6ca018c2f813c71fd920e179bde'} |
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<div id="verse">And when they saw it, they all murmured, saying, That he was gone to be guest with a man that is a sinner.</div>
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So order your computer science thesis of finest quality that can be easily approved by your professor. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9346990585327148}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '13678', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:YVYJZKDZLPCVECYA2Y3HYNGEAVQTNMYF', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:8a33834a-a2e2-4782-aa2a-793279b39fef>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2016, 7, 29, 17, 47, 17), 'WARC-IP-Address': '66.96.143.161', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:R3JSWBQT4OYGDMN46AM77ZNHVAZMQGM4', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:db89730f-ff17-4552-9900-91736caa234b>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.eduthesis.com/computer-thesis.htm', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:4b74be7d-08b1-4f50-a093-1e571edf267e>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '642', 'url': 'http://www.eduthesis.com/computer-thesis.htm', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-185-27-174.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2016-30\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for July 2016\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.03276163339614868', 'original_id': 'e7f13b6e2d9c4175e2806e8bca132b8deec394f17120e6982b9ed40b34887355'} |
Why You Don’t Want to Miss the Chichen Itza Equinox
Crude tools were used to create incredible temples, an advanced water canal system, and the Trail of the Feathered Serpent during the Chichen Itza equinox.
It is sometimes difficult to fathom the truly awesome nature that is the remains of ancient Mayan culture. For instance, Chichen Itza history is one of mathematical complexities, brutal sacrifices, and a sculptural phenomenon that wows and inspires the world. There is no better time to visit this masterful civilization of the Yucatán Peninsula than at the Chichen Itza equinox of spring or fall.
Chichen Itza History
The civilization known as Chichen Itza was a large city built by the Mayans and thrived from about 600 to 1200 AD. The expanse of the city, its mammoth temples and buildings, and the construction of a pressurized system that provided water to the city are all the more astonishing when you realize it was all built with tools of stone and wood—and manual labor only.
The location of Chichen Itza was chosen because of its large cenote or well, which is also how it got its name. Chichen Itza translates to “Mouth of the Well.”
Historians believe that the Mayan people were intellectually advanced, even more so than the Greeks and Romans. They had developed an elaborate mathematical concept, which included the idea of “0” (zero) before either the Romans or Greeks. Chichen Itza grew to be one of the largest Mayan cities thanks to its water system and its network of roads built to enhance trade.
This intellect may seem in contrast to their somewhat barbaric practices of human sacrifices, in the cenote or at certain temples, to the gods to whom they believed blood was the only adequate food. They also had a practice of filing their teeth to sharp points, done as a cosmetic gesture, not as a weapon or defense.
As Mayan civilizations to the south deteriorated, the population of Chichen Itza grew. It was not until the arrival of the Spanish Conquistadors that the Mayan people abandoned this wondrous metropolis to find shelter in the jungle in the form of small villages.
In 1988, Chichen Itza was declared a World Heritage Site, and on July 7, 2007, it was added to the list of The New Seven Wonders of the Modern World.
The Wonder of the Chichen Itza Equinox
The equinox was very important to the Mayan civilizations as it marked the beginning of their planting season. While preparing to build the Temple of Kukulkan, they tracked the movement of the sun. Using their astounding comprehension of geometry and astronomy, they constructed the temple, also known as “El Castillo” or “The Castle” or “The Pyramid of Kukulkan,” to produce a wondrous light show at each equinox.
Every March, thousands of people gather at the Temple of Kukulkan for the Chichen Itza equinox, to watch the “Descent of the Feathered Serpent.” By charting the movement of the sun over time, the Mayans harnessed nature as art. As the sun sets, seven reversed isosceles triangles of shadow “crawl” down the pyramid until, at last, the light illuminates the head of the feathered serpent.
If you want to be close enough to view the entire phenomenon, you will need to get to Chichen Itza early in the day. (Please note that the scheduled tour we provide is not at this time of the day.) Pack plenty of sunscreen, water, and food, because it will get hot. The display of the Chichen Itza equinox on the serpent is from about 3:45-4:30 pm, and can be observed from about March 19-21 and September 22-24.
There is much more to see at Chichen Itza than just the Temple of Kukulkan, so you can easily make a day of it. The best way to enjoy this wonder of the world is to book a tour with a company like Cancun Adventures so you have no worries about transportation and parking.
Welcome to Cancun Adventures
Browse our Tours:
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Visit our other locations | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '24', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9531170725822448}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '257749', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:6VIQ3PIHBVGLNZ4LREZ7BTT3GUVWWGOY', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:4e0a1fcf-70f0-4cae-ae43-82b291d444e2>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 5, 26, 20, 11, 56), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.26.2.113', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:DCTQNOBAAFI53NS2PTUCHG4HOKYT2YB7', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:d36995cb-a3ad-4fae-9b0e-ba328e13adce>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.cancun-adventure.com/en/blog/why-you-dont-want-to-miss-the-chichen-itza-equinox', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:1f383593-4121-4429-bcf4-8d0949f388c7>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '704', 'url': 'https://www.cancun-adventure.com/en/blog/why-you-dont-want-to-miss-the-chichen-itza-equinox', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-24\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May/June 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-117.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.026088356971740723', 'original_id': '5960d8d37a6e29d786bedb20d6f0eb49251bb1e955418ee581b94275c335d11e'} |
Wednesday, September 7, 2011
How much marketing do you do for your Etsy shop? I've worn myself to a frazzle trying to market my no avail, of course. Why? I have no idea what I'm doing. Soooo.....
On a late night whim, I ordered help. Yep, just click a button and in two days Sarah sends a report telling you that your shop has been submitted to the major search engines. Plus she submits it to about 30 smaller engines (not one of which I have ever heard of) and then she sets up something called a backlink. Well, it's no wonder I haven't been getting anywhere! I haven't a clue!
How do people do this, you ask? Simple, they don't, they pay someone else to do it for them, duh! How do those people do it? I have a theory that 1) they know what they're doing (based on the idea that they have computer brains), and 2) they don't speak real English (so the rest of us have no clue what they are talking about when they explain it).
Will it help? I can't wait to find out; I figure it can't hurt. Besides, Sarah is very reasonable and just sweet about the whole process. So, in appreciation of her work, I'll tell you how to find her:
Find her facebook
Go to her webpage
Thank you, Sarah. Happy Quilting all, Mary
No comments: | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9704246520996094}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '127878', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:VEQ6EDNROFSQPWR3ZKAW3LLKP3OHXVJL', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:7c11977f-0a94-47ef-b11e-a8bd88b3d1ae>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 4, 4, 1, 55, 58), 'WARC-IP-Address': '172.217.9.193', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:OSWVCU7FTWVMXCIMSNNKJ22I4G65NTGD', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:126426ca-b4a2-4d9d-b52b-fdd7bf756efe>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://fleurdelisquilts.blogspot.com/2011/09/marketing.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:845bd674-444e-44c3-9928-6f2937105bc9>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '219', 'url': 'https://fleurdelisquilts.blogspot.com/2011/09/marketing.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-16\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for March/April 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-155.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.7713115215301514', 'original_id': '57022f82aba854476f6c302d5d2ee106fe7ba7be0f923ee1786e84941db4e297'} |
R-rated computer games ban to stay
8 November 2002 — 11:00am
Plans to allow R-rated computer and video games into Australia were scuppered yesterday at a meeting of attorneys-general, with opposition led by the Federal Government.
Despite having supported the proposal a year ago, Attorney-General Daryl Williams yesterday declared himself to be against an expansion of the classification range for violent and sexually explicit interactive games.
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The amendment would have allowed games with graphic images of realistic violence, implied sexual violence and unlimited coarse language to be sold in Australia.
At present, these games are banned by the Office of Film and Literature Classification (OFLC) because the video-game classification system only goes up to MA - available to purchasers over the age of 15.
This classification only allows medium-intensity violence, "crude" language and sexual references, and games exceeding these limits are refused classification.
The attorneys-general met in Fremantle, Western Australia, until late last night, but Mr Williams' spokeswoman said it was his intention to oppose the scheme because of concerns that violence in interactive games had a greater influence on behaviour than violence in films.
"The Commonwealth position is that it will not support the expansion of the R18 classification to computer games, in view of the interactive nature of computer games," the spokeswoman said.
"It's appropriate to have a stricter regime in relation to this area ... (as) the likelihood of children gaining access to adult computer games increases if the material is legally available."
In order to change the regime, all nine attorneys would have to agree unanimously, so Mr Williams' opposition, teamed with at least one other attorney - from South Australia - will defeat the reforms.
The changes were recommended after a public review conducted by the OFLC last year.
Industry submissions to the review had argued that the current classification scheme, stricter than that applying to film, was out of date.
"There is a perception that video games are only for children," said Beverly Jenkin, chief executive of the Interactive Entertainment Association of Australia, yesterday.
"But more than 70 per cent of players in Australia are older than 18, and 20 per cent are more than 39 years old. That's a natural progression of the first generation of computer users."
Last month, the OFLC banned the game BMX XXX on the grounds that it used explicit nudity. In one option, the bike-riding game allows players to adopt the character of a naked woman.
Opposition to the proposal during the OFLC review came principally from church and community groups.
The attorneys' summit, which was not attended yesterday by Victorian Attorney-General Rob Hulls because the government is in caretaker mode, is also considering changes to the film classification system.
These changes include splitting the G classification into two and creating a new G8+ class for films too scary or boring for children younger than eight. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '8340a0504a5894645ae2fd001d63b1308b117a2a9e096031f0820abefd41329c'} |
Poems by Subhro Bandopadhyay
Joaquim Mondal’s Poetry
These poems could have belonged to any illegal immigrant. In Europe. Someone who left his country on a fortnight’s visa. And years rolled by. He is unlisted in the government records of either country. If he can remain missing in his ghetto for a few more years like this, he will be declared dead. Joaquim Mondal is an ex-painter. Some middleman put him into Europe for a fee, where he works petty jobs. We met by chance, when I came to know of his poetry. These are his poems, taken not after, but from him.
You better speak, since you have come this far
like the empty sigh on a bum’s manuscript or
the whispers about someone’s failed marriage, as far as you’ve
piled up passive resistance: look no culture they have just cash, fast cash
look they drink liquor with rice with those ill-dressed damsels
I copy in the language of the tongue
in the neurons of a tape recorder, is there a Buddhist shaman inside sodium?
his violet robe has worn off, right after immigration check
a temple had asked for some donation
large empty canvas, I first apply some discolored white acrylic on the panel
then from the thick brush with a sudden gush of monastic air
rolls an empty street’s mid-day preparation
April in the flesh
To Romania’s Jenica or any of those prostitutes from Eastern Europe
I didn’t ask which country
As the conversation elongates I get a sense of the artery’s bruises.
It hurts you to see any road, any cloth or paper turn red
As pigeons push through soft October in the park, I can see
in the breeze black patches
in the seat of eyes attuned to unsleeping
Our riverine mother coast.
Characters from the book have turned into statues
that this steel rain wets
A secret journal tells me that.
As the silhouette of nakedness wets
a wing pulsed by touch
Salty and ashen air.
Stepping out of the house to see the hackneyed foam-wrapped stores
float, continuous two-way traffic into the root cellar, I return
a side-turned flight touches huddling boobs
Fluorescence from the sex-shop angling across the window
A bird made from a plain knife
On the bedside table
What do we write with
in these naked neuron receptors acid
camera and x-rays!
1 or 2 letters from apparently engrossed cities
The narrative or uninformation
muted with eyes closed
in the crevices between rusty iron piles and the imaginary line
divorcing suicide from a rose
The man who tore away from the teeming Saturday cross-streets
hand in hand with a hooker —
I call him writing.
A summer mid-day prepares itself
as it slowly turns pages of a yellowed book, a dog cooling off in the swamp
A new couple moaning behind holidaying closed doors
Opium color on a shalik’s plume, darkness dense wet walls
Where does he go in this otherland of no-identity?[1]
How much can these troubled hands mean to earthly body?
Winter strangulates marmoreal youth
I would never wish that its meat slacken
eyes from sweatdrops turn salty
In this wronged jungle the city tightens
around throat and nerve, vomiting blood
If language dies, to absent thoughts and poets
will imagery drift
to the temporary park an empty bench
Is not for any of us
I am not going to write about sunyata. I have hidden intimate hollers in my torn creases. Then I’ll place the rebel secrets in a terrorized season. Even the walks in the garden hide weaponry. In the dawn of evenings, a darkness cannot sleep, densifying raindrops feel like rice grains, and is that why this harvest-fair is a kind of hunger?[2]
Let someone else speak of time, of patience and apprehension from mired rhyme scrape out these burnt bright nights. Whose nest fills your head? Of the mail pile? Who would you like to read where? Your language has snapped. Burdened with history. Devoid of fiction, of intersections. In this pure winterless jatismar country dark fields open, hidden thorns and the cards of fog, and from this unfriendly wet who is it that has deserted us leaving unsealed the pout of past century, some ambitious comrade, a detached photo lyrical, suddenly a piano vines up to my ear a four quartet[3]
Those words, I’d like to sit beside. Critters from inside the grave-pit. Botched phrases make the salt of a silent tongue. It needs more scribbling. But why me? Where did I error? In my abdominal fat? On the fogged street? In the broken line of the river? In exchange these transformers, structuralist dreamers stand up amongst my angst-ridden and in order to fiercely grapple on to some hard thing, this metal pen I found, with clenched teeth and a pressured palm some firm writing calls upon
There is a jungle inside. A walker’s path and its clutter of broken picnic bottles. I don’t ask you to come barefeet, neither to clean out this trash, not an effort nor participation no acceptance or rejection, no sad sigh trends suspended in a philosophical paradox, just a proposition for a quiet pause leaning against these errored signs
If one could hide wound and incompetence behind these lines and letters. I put my hand on the bleak throb and pray for more strength. I say you need to know antiquity better of words to put them to proper use, since the evolution of the metal age, men haven’t forgotten it. Wound or incompetence is actually an animal kind. Have all signs of life. And dying?
I have arrived on the bright shore of an island. Noise didn’t let me feel the un-depths of its affection. Call these processions an act of crying. I know how faces sink and how around the rough edges of our community-skin spreads a chromium of fear.[4]
Not static flaccidity, but a womanly walk along the fruit-market. As the last sabado metro leaves, the discotheque/shelter — from these options I pick my old neighborhood. The way I step into is never homeward bound. Little homes arrested in language's temporary cauldron. Roads unrivaled, stonewashed with no asphalt. Floats in the one across the museum, music of a lesser taste, luring men into video parlors. Painting, music, letters italicized, all gravitate towards their country of origin. But what is country? Old songs? Eyes moist from the hearings? Our headcount of realities never taut with that. Who keeps the count? Wet feelings, vapor and coffin in front of dark chocolate doors. A different road rebounds from each one. Wetness hangs in the air.
A face for each moment
Newer instants only mildly tagged. With olden faces.
Secretly awake
unmindful untidy in creases and cleavages
Marks without much expression
Once I’ve seen the entire presence turn to stone. Words carving into iron and stone, and minerals into the words, immobility is sculpture. At the end of back-breaking labor, in the sun’s pile a BOW bulls-eye the city-center. Head down, I walk. Winter’s usual security tucked into my pocket. When no one’s there, god is. If is? I see with the softness of a bird’s eye, were the promises have erred? Why do we get out?
Grace in our words,
but I suffer to celebrate
At the blunt end of feelings, this country
We move towards languagelessness
Writers on the bench trying to better best best your outdated narrative
Here is mercy
For how long can life live box-bound?
Translated by Aryanil Mukherjee.
1. Translation note: Shalik (Bengali): Indian blackbird with a yellow beak.
2. Translation note: Sunyata: a Sanskrit word used in both Hindu and Buddhist ancient texts. It could be used to mean “emptiness” in general but the connotations are deeper, multiple and diverse. It implies “lessness.” The word has been used by Allen Ginsberg, Gary Snyder, Octavio Paz, and others.
3. Translation note: Jatismar: this word has no English equivalent. It hints at reincarnation and means someone or something who/that has the ability to remember past life.
4. Translation note: Chromium: despondency and melancholia in oriental literature have often been called “gray,” with connotations of feebleness and lightheadedness. Chromium, a gray but tough metal, is used here to refute that label. Chromium is an essential component of stainless steel, something that makes steel “stainless,” i.e., resistant to corrosion and hard. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.912257969379425}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '46392', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:73DCY6EEPK5HLBJF5XUE35QI4G3FKLVQ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:f7afc124-313f-4143-928f-14f847573842>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 3, 24, 17, 57, 17), 'WARC-IP-Address': '128.91.234.107', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:XSRDGBDHSXPBXFG6Y5HMRZVO4X6WFMRW', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:08a438b6-44d2-40ce-be05-10be14db8249>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://jacket2.org/poems/poems-subhro-bandopadhyay', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:f2acecc7-6166-4763-b354-bf1d302b562a>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '1392', 'url': 'http://jacket2.org/poems/poems-subhro-bandopadhyay', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-13\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for March 2017\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.037475407123565674', 'original_id': '79dca99307a0d012a10dc6962fc1d169cd123e3272119637c5781f9a74e9afe5'} |
Student-developed device predicts avocado ripeness
New AI sees like a human, filling in the blanks
Hi Tech & Innovation
Convenience mart on wheels viewed in Shanghai
We know about technology and business models having the power to shake things up for the taxi industry; we know the technology and business model kind of disruption that is shaking things up in the hotel trade; what's up ...
Robots and cameras: China's sci-fi quarantine watch
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Take the 2-minute tour ×
I'm currently writing my bachelor thesis about loading data in mobile applications (native/web based).
I already searched for UX studies how to handle disconnects and slow loading of data but didnt't found any. One example would be the Google's way to implement different interfaces for users on a slow connection.
Maybe you guys have some more information for me!
share|improve this question
closed as not a real question by JohnGB, Matt Obee, Charles Wesley, msanford, ChrisF Apr 6 '13 at 22:45
This isn't a question with any real answer. It's more of a discussion. If you want to discuss something, chat is the place to do it (although you will sometimes have to be patient) – JohnGB Apr 3 '13 at 9:47
1 Answer 1
First Google (your reference) is all about lowering the burden from within a web browser or an application that encapsulates HTML or a plugin. And I HTML relies on the the underlying protocols to handle congestion, delays and re-transmissions. So all you need to to is learn about TCP and sliding windows, but I think that's not your answer
If you were to strip out all the Google extras it may run faster, but what kind of UX would the customer have? So its a trade off between the available network latency and the UX you want to provide customers.
Do you want to do research on mobile web applications or applications developed for mobile platforms? There is a huge difference.
For example: In YouTube you can select the quality such as SD,360p,480P,720P or Auto. What you need to investigate is how the 'Auto' option works, be sure to be using flash video where 'Auto' option is available, YouTube HTML5 video does not have the 'auto' option?
Maybe Flash has a network performance protocol included where HTML5 may not? It's worth you looking at Flash to see how they negotiate the available link latency.
But of course a web browser is just another mobile application, like most others. But a closed mobile application can rely on TCP or opt for UDP and create their own methods.
A few hints;
1. Signal strength is not the capable (by itself) of determining end-to-end network speed and reliability. it changes constantly when standing still, it's a best guess and a good starting point. Developers have to create other methods.
2. Best to use a small MTU to reduce re-transmissions due to dropped packets. Also larger packets are statistically more likely to have CRC errors when being transmitted over a wireless physical layer.
3. Get your developers to test on devices only capable of EDGE. This concentrates the developers mind for efficient network performance.
share|improve this answer
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Let Them Filibuster!
Why are the Democrats so timid? They say they are compromising because they need 60 votes in the Senate (I hear it may be only 59 because of the lack of 100 "Seated" Senators) to avoid a filibuster. Let those fucking obstructionist Republicans filibuster! Let them show the world what they are made of! If they want to stand up there and claim, against the experts' opinions, that tax cuts will stimulate the economy and spending won't, let them. Then Democrats, come the next election, will have even more seats! No? Oh, and the filibuster they mount is bound to fail anyway.
Hey Republicans--Fuck You!
Education Research: Silly Season
I have written before about education research, and the near uselessness of much of it. Here is a fellow blogger who also has issues with education research.
What is Scientifically Based Research?
A nagging little pamphlet from NIFL appeared in my teacher mailbox the other day. I’d been hopeful that the government’s fetish for experimental reading research design would go into remission with the new administration, but that seems not to be the case. Always curious about government propaganda, I read through “What is Scientifically Based Research?” instead of grading papers or running the copy machine to generate more papers to grade.
Page 1 says that “educators need ways to separate misinformation from genuine knowledge,” and we should be wise consumers of education research to help us “make decisions that guarantee quality instruction.” Looking for the punch line, I continued reading, drawn to riveting passages such as, “Teachers can further strengthen their instruction and protect their students’ valuable time in school by scientifically evaluating claims about teaching methods and recognizing quality research when they see it.” Translation: Good intentions are not enough. Teachers may be misled by educational hucksters. I’ve had those same suspicions myself, but the target population isn’t limited to the teaching profession.
The main point of this document is to give us the “federal perspective” on scientific research, which:
* Progresses by investigating testable problems;
* Yields predictions that could be disproven;
* Is subjected to peer review;
* Allows for criticism and replication by other scientists;
* Is bound by the logic of true experiments.
It reads like the introduction to a sixth-grade science textbook. Nothing on that list, however, is evident in our national school reform policy. But federal education reform is political, not educational. And since this is the age of double standards, I’ll let that go for now, and write it off as another example of how, when you write the rules, accountability is for everyone else.
What interests me at the moment is the federal perspective on curriculum and instruction. Principally, how much weight should be given to teacher observations in instructional decision-making? We often hear that innovation is a good thing, but it’s hard to imagine how new ideas are propagated in a standardized environment that myopically focuses on a single measure of success.
“What is Scientific Research?” tells us that teachers should “look for evidence that an instructional technique has been proven effective by more than one study,” cautioning us to be aware there are different stages of scientific investigation, and that we should “take care to use data generated at each stage in appropriate ways.” Then comes this attention grabber: “For example, some teachers rely on their own observations to make judgments about the success of educational strategies.”
Some teachers?!
At this point, we learn that “observations have limited value” and that scientific observations must be carefully structured to make determinations about cause and effect. Well, maybe so. But experimental evidence has limits, as well. We’re cautioned that, “In order to draw conclusions about outcomes and their causes, data must come from true experiments,” and “Only true experiments can provide evidence of whether an instructional practice works or not.”
So, teachers, don’t get any funny ideas about evaluating your own effectiveness.
Just to make sure we understand they don’t have every little detail quite worked out, we’re reminded that, “In many cases, science has not yet provided the answers teachers and others need to make fully informed decisions about adopting, or dropping, particular educational strategies.” No kidding.
So, what then? My teacher perspective is that all knowing is personal, classrooms are not sterile laboratories in which the variables can be tightly controlled, and doing experiments on children is still frowned upon in our society.
Coincidentally, The federal perspective on education research received some attention in Elaine Garan’s recent article about sustained silent reading in The Reading Teacher. Garan reminds us that the “medical model” is not well-suited for education research because messy human variables such as motivation, emotional difficulties, and other human qualities can contaminate the results. She argued that a lack of consensus among researchers converges with common sense, recommending that students have time to read freely each day, despite the National Reading Panel’s failure to find any evidence in support of the practice. If there is “no evidence” in support of a particular practice, it may have everything to do with the research methodology, and nothing to do with what is true about the real world of classrooms that researchers have awkwardly tried to shoehorn into a narrow view of reading instruction.
I’ll have more to say about free and voluntary reading some other time. It’s working out remarkably well for my students this year. That’s my observation, anyway.
Saturday Cartoon Fun: GOP Tunnel Vision Edition
Krugman Shows Morning Joe Who's Boss
Republicans are so annoying! Here's Paul Krugman, Nobel Prize winning economist and Zen master, explaining to Joe, Mika and Pat why they are stoopid:
Rachel Maddow On Stimulus
GOP obstructionism, Democrats being wimps, and Obama caving in. Come on, people!
Proposition 8: Love Will Prevail!
A Proposition 8 update
Some news about California Proposition 8, the November ballot measure that reinstated a ban on same sex marriage in California:
- The California Supreme Court announced it would hear arguments on the constitutionality of Proposition 8 on March 5th. A decision is promised within 90 days of the hearing. In addition to ruling on the constitutionality of the amendment, the court will also rule on the fate of the 18,000 same sex couples that married prior to the amendment passing.
- California Attorney General Jerry Brown will argue for the overturning of the proposition, arguing "inalienable rights" cannot be eliminated without compelling reasons.
- General Brown's position of challenging an electorate decision is not unprecedented. In 1964, 65% of the California electorate approved Proposition 14, a constitutional amendment that permitted racial discrimination in property sales and rentals. Then California Attorney General Thomas Lynch argued the proposition violated U.S. constitutional standards. The Court overturned Prop. 14 in 1966 and the U.S. Supreme Court did likewise in 1967.
- The disclosure of campaign contributions to the Yes on 8 campaign revealed the Mormon Church contributed $190,000. Individual Mormon donors also contributed, and there is an investigation by the state campaign watchdog agency into whether the Church violated state law by not disclosing the extent of it's involvement during the campaign, including providing airline tickets, hotel expenses, rental cars and compensated staff costs for members to travel to California to campaign for the proposition.
Finally, a video (via Ezra Klein) representing the 18,000 couples asking the California Supreme Court, "Don't Divorce Us"
Why Your Kids Suck At Soccer
Very funny stuff from McSweeney's:
- - - -
Lucky break, Tigers—I talked to the ref and, for the next five minutes, we get a point every time we blow all the seeds off a dandelion in a single try. Go, Jenny, go!
- - - -
James, I don't care if your father played soccer at Duke. It's my job to make sure you're a huge disappointment to him. Now pretend you're a magic airplane or else.
- - - -
Nelson, watch out! The ball is now a horrible, child-eating monster and the only way to defeat it is by running away and crying.
- - - -
Ralph! Hear me raise my voice slightly? Your parents need to come over and explain my shortcomings as a coach and a person.
- - - -
Timmy! Nice aggression. I support your decision to give that kid a bloody nose, and you should resolve conflicts similarly at school and at home.
- - - -
Nice half, guys! Remember, a true soccer player saves his energy for the sprint to the sideline—especially since I only have enough juice boxes for half of you.
- - - -
Now, Christian, we're all about to make assumptions about your future sexuality, so make sure to run that way we practiced.
- - - -
Tigers! I'm sure you'd never notice on your own, so I'll point out the apple-juice stain on Tim's crotch that looks suspiciously like urine. Stop what you're doing right now and laugh till he cries.
- - - -
Nelson, don't panic, but that monster's back. Put your hands in your pants and pretend not to see it and you may survive.
- - - -
Good game, guys. Remember: It doesn't matter whether you win or lose. What matters is that you all played worse than the Joneses' kid.
Friday Cartoon Obstructionism
Obama's OpEd
The Action Americans Need
By Barack Obama
Thursday, February 5, 2009
The writer is president of the United States.
© 2009 The Washington Post Company
Thursday Cartoon Fun: Taxes Edition
SCHIP Passes: Waxman Waxes
Maybe There Is Hope For Education Policy?
This could be very good news for education nationally:
Is Darling-Hammond Going to Be Duncan's Deputy?
Remember the controversy over Linda Darling-Hammond, Obama's campaign and transition adviser on education? Well, she's back. Rumor has it that Darling-Hammond might be getting the deputy secretary position at the Department of Education, which, as this graph shows, wields great power. "That's the person that really runs the agency," one education expert and reformer told me. It's a scenario that reformers, who favor tough new approaches to changing education and see Darling-Hammond as a traditionalist, had hoped wouldn't happen. "I guess we lost on this one," the reformer told me.
Calls to several education policy experts confirmed that word is circulating in the community that she might be tapped as second-in-command under Arne Duncan. "She's made the rounds talking to people, doing the kinds of things you do if you're expecting to stay in Washington," said Mike Petrilli of the Fordham Institute, a conservative education think tank in D.C. He noted that, if she's not about to get the deputy gig, she could be getting another department position, perhaps one focusing on teacher quality.
In my conversations with them, education policy folks also said they've heard that Wendy Kopp, founder of Teach for America, of which Darling-Hammond isn't a big fan, turned down an administration job. Michael Johnston, an Obama campaign adviser, TFA alum, and school principal who's working in the senior staffing process for the education department, declined to comment on who's getting which posts. "The team will be tremendous," he said in an e-mail, noting that an announcement about senior staff could come any day now.
Reformers are crossing their fingers that Darling-Hammond won't be named the No. 2.
--Seyward Darby
Wednesday Cartoon Fun: Greedy Bastards Edition
TFA And KIPP: $$$$$
A great piece by Jim Horn:
TFA and KIPP: Ivy League Temps and Corporate Missionaries Part I
In just a few years, TFA has established itself as one of the smart-people-who-just-graduated-with-liberal-arts-degrees-and-now-have-no-idea-what-they-want-to-do-with-their-lives-but-are-pretty-sure-it-isn’t-remain-in-the-spin-cycle-of-academia-or-move-on-to-the-next-preset-hierarchy-in-the-finance-world demographic. Used to be those poor souls could only go to law school or move to New York and “go into, like, publishing or something.” But TFA positioned itself in such a way that it gets the lost souls who have an impulse to do something to help the world immediately upon graduating.
It’s like the Peace Corps. But, you know, creepier.
-–David Chernicoff, Yale Daily News, 10-27-06
In 1990 Teach for America, the wildly profitable non-profit that skeptics often refer to as Teach For Awhile, received an initial grant from Exxon Mobil and, thus, began an organization whose avowed mission remains to place as many Ivy League would-be teacher recruits in poor public schools as possible. This year TFA has an operating budget in excess of $100 million, net assets of over $120 million, and a work force of over 6,000 bright, energetic, and, yes, clueless recruits engaged in on-the-job training in some of America’s most desperately-poor, low-achieving schools, where children, by the way, need most of all (beyond the need to end their poverty) the most highly qualified, experienced teachers with deep knowledge of the subjects they teach and knowledge of how to teach those subjects.
Despite what the grim reality calls out for, TFA, in contrast, places teacher trainees with zero years teaching experience and without qualifications from any accredited training program in schools with the least resources and the greatest need. Beyond a five-week pre-service basic training course and four visits during the first year, TFA leaves their primarily white, middle-class recruits (1 in 10 is African-American) to their own devices in providing poor, minority students with what these recruits quickly find out they do not have. And with the TFA public relations machine that is able to instigate media wars and think tank assaults against legitimate research that shows the advantages of certificated teachers when compared to TFA and other uncertified recruits, there is little to stand in the way of the new definition of teaching as, not a calling or even a profession, but as a job that the service oriented do for a few years before moving on. Sort of like the TFA model.
But nothing about this grandiose do-gooderism exercised at the expense of poor children in poor schools seems to matter to the growing network of individual, foundation, and corporate donors eager to write checks in support of this growing mission. TFA now includes groupings of contributors for the 5 and 10 million dollar categories. The Dells, the Fishers, and Eli Broad are listed among several others in the $10 million “Expansion Fund” list.
Nor does there seem to be any moral reservation or element of doubt expressed by these idealistic recent grads who would seem equally eager to sign up. Last May TFA announced that the new class of 3,700 recruits was drawn from a pool of 24,718 applicants. The air of exclusivity comes at a price, however, for despite the impression that top-performing Ivy Leaguers are beating a path to the recruitment office, TFA spent $2 million more in 2007 on recruiting and selection ($18.5 million) than it did on candidate training ($16.5 million). But then, Madison Avenue never came cheap.
And yet for all the sunny assuaging of white middle class guilt and the successful beefing up of law school resumes skimpy on service that TFA has enabled for its thousands of past and present recruits and donors, there are some dark elements of TFA that are incubated and grown by this movement.
First and foremost, TFA leaves unchallenged the urban reality of schools that are largely or entirely segregated by income and race, preferring instead to focus on interventions that do not challenge the poverty that is the root of test score gaps to begin with. Not unlike the vast majority of education reforms of the past century that have been divorced from social forces that are at work in perpetuating poverty, TFA focuses narrowly on changing instruction and on altering the organization and content of the child’s mind as the ready remedy for poor schools. In so doing, TFA barricades itself from the root cause of weak test scores, which is poverty, while necessitating, it would seem, a draconian kind of pedagogical treatment that we might expect of 19th Century missionaries in a heathen land. Ira Socol, in fact, refers to TFA as a colonial missionary project.
The most highly publicized of the prescriptive regimens for changing the poor, rather than changing poverty, has been developed, in fact, by two celebrated TFA alums, Mike Feinberg and David Levin, the founders of the KIPP Schools (Knowledge Is Power Program). Based on highly-scripted lessons, iron-fisted discipline, memorization, recitation and drill techniques, longer school days, longer school weeks that include Saturdays, and longer school years, this type of teaching is suited, if for anyone, for the young, energetic, single, and temporary social missionaries of TFA. As John Derbyshire noted,
KIPP and TFA have formed, then, a marriage that is mutually supportive and sustaining, and both organizations are now fed by the same deep institutional revenue streams that flow toward social manipulation, privatization of public spaces, and limitless tax credits. Wendy Kopp, CEO and Founder of TFA, is married, you see, to KIPP’s CEO, Richard Barth.
Reich On Daschle
Tom Daschle and the Populist Revolt
Blogger Problems
Well, it seems we are having some page loading problems with the blog. Would you all be so kind as to leave a comment describing any viewing problems you may be experiencing here at TFT? Like, if the blog loads only sometimes, or not at all.
I am trying to diagnose the problem. Come on, don't be shy!
Grading The Test
Grading the ELA
Filed under: New Teacher Diaries by miss brave @ 2:53 pm
[Editor’s note: miss brave is the pseudonym for a second-year elementary school teacher in Queens. She blogs at miss brave teaches nyc, where this post originally appeared on Sunday, Feb. 1]
I haven’t posted about school all week because I haven’t been at school all week. Instead I’ve been at another school, on the other side of the borough, grading the state English Language Arts (ELA) exam for third, fourth and fifth graders.
It’s difficult for even an experienced teacher-blogger like me to describe the disheartening disorganization and incompetence that’s been a daily part of this experience. First of all, the entire thing seems to have been thrown together last-minute when it was decided that rather than pay teachers per-session to grade the exams after school and on weekends, each school would have to send a few teachers away from their regular assignments to grade the exams during the day. I missed a week at my school, but some teachers are grading the ELA for up to three weeks in a row, right up until February break. By the time we come back from vacation, they will have missed an entire month of school! Most of these are not classroom teachers, but still. At one point the site supervisor attempted to placate us by referring to us as the “cream of the crop,” as if we had been selected by our principals because of our competence; we all laughed, because we knew that we had actually been selected because we’re disposable.
In any case, the entire experience grew more ridiculous by the day. I don’t know who was in charge or how it was supposed to be organized, because it seemed to us like the supervisors had very little idea how to run things. Like how about the fact they had one sign-in sheet for 200 people and expected all 200 of them to sign in and then sit down before they made announcements? Or the fact that they wanted us to count ourselves off by 24 in order to send us upstairs to rooms? Or the fact that every morning we practically played musical chairs as the supervisor said things like, “If today or tomorrow is your last day but you have not been trained on the fourth grade reading and writing, move to this side of the auditorium”?
And then there were the more serious transgressions, the ones that had us worried about the actual integrity of the test grades. If, for example, you were about to give a student a 2 on one section of the test and happened to notice that another grader had given the same student a 4 on another section (as 4 is the highest grade you can receive, this seems like a substantial discrepancy), and you voiced your concern, you were told to (exact words) “MYOB.” (Listen, lady, I’m not being a nosy parker here, this is my first time grading a very important state exam and I just want to make sure everything is copacetic.) If you and all the other graders at your table happened to notice that the essay appeared to be written in two very different handwritings, as if it sure looked like the teacher had made a few changes, and you voiced your concerns, your objections were dismissed. I don’t know what teachers at other grading sites experienced, but I have to say that I was treated with less respect than I typically try to treat my second graders, and that had me worried for the validity of the scoring.
My fellow graders and I did our best to be thorough. We frequently passed tests around the table to get a second opinion, and for those essays we were truly on the fence about, we had spirited discussions and consulted our rubrics frequently before committing to a final grade. When grading the editing passages, in which students have to correct grammatical errors, I always counted twice to make sure I was grading correctly. But we were only one room, and who knows what was going on in the other rooms at the other grading sites? Some schools sent intermediate and junior high school teachers to grade third graders’ exams, and some of those teachers had to be gently reminded that they were dealing with the writing of eight-year-olds, not teenagers. Some graders seemed to be handing out 4s to nearly every essay, while others seemed to be unwilling to give the students the benefit of the doubt. Despite our supervisors’ best efforts to get everyone on the same page of the same rubric, grading the ELA, I learned, is frighteningly subjective. The exams we graded, for example, all came from districts outside our own — districts that tend to be high-scoring. I teach a population of mostly ELLs in a low-scoring district, so I was pretty impressed by the work that I read — until I thought about teachers who are used to teaching high-scoring kids in other districts who would be reading the exams from my district and wondering what the kids could possibly be thinking.
I don’t want to accuse the ELA graders of incompetence, or cheating, or messing with the exam results, or even incomplete or invalid training of the graders. All I want to do is point out that my own experience grading the ELA was less than positive because of the overall disorganization of the process. It set a tone that was unfortunate, given the vital work we were doing. And that vital work was what I tried to remind myself of each time I opened a new test booklet and faced the determined, sprawling handwriting of a new student trying to make himself understood.
Daschle Withdrew!
It was the right thing to do.
Tuesday Cartoon Fun: Money Trouble Edition
Primer On Rendition
Want to know what "rendition" is? Here you go!
Ask Dr. Rendition!
by hilzoy
Since the publication of the LA Times story about rendition yesterday, I've noticed some confusion about the topic. So Dr. Rendition will try to answer your questions.
Q: What is rendition?
A: Rendition is the act of transferring a person into a different jurisdiction.
Q: "It occurs to me that this more benign definition of rendition as transferring someone to another criminal justice system, used to be called extradition. Can someone explain the difference to me?"
A: Extradition is one form of rendition, as you can see from Lawyers.com's Glossary of Legal Terms, which defines 'Rendition' as "extradition of a fugitive who has fled to another state." Here's a nice example of the term's normal usage from a hundred-year-old case:
"Among the powers of governors of territories of the United States is the authority to demand the rendition of fugitives from justice under 5278 of the Revised Statutes, and we concur with the courts below in the conclusion that the governor of Porto Rico has precisely the same power as that possessed by the governor of any organized territory to issue a requisition for the return of a fugitive criminal."
That was just the first case I found when I looked. There are lots more.
Q: But extraordinary rendition means sending someone off to be tortured, right?
A: No. Extraordinary rendition is rendition outside normal legal frameworks. (Extradition is a form of "ordinary" rendition.) It includes sending people off to countries where we have reason to think that they will be tortured. But it also includes things like catching Osama bin Laden in another country and bringing him to the United States to stand trial. What makes something a case of extraordinary rendition is the way the person is transferred from one jurisdiction to another, not what happens to that person once s/he arrives.
Q: But don't most people who talk about 'rendition' just mean 'sending people off to other countries to be tortured'?
A: Probably. That's the kind of rendition that became famous when Bush was in office. But remember: lawyers are not most people. They use all sorts of words in peculiar ways (besides using words like 'estoppal' that normal people don't use at all.) To them, this is a technical term. They use it accordingly.
Q: So when the LA Times quotes the Washington advocacy director for Human Rights Watch as saying that ""Under limited circumstances, there is a legitimate place" for renditions", he might just mean that he has no objection to legal extradition?
A: He might. Offhand, it seems more likely that he's referring to extraordinary rendition in its technical sense, and saying that it might be OK in some cases. Imagine, for instance, a modified version of Glenn Greenwald's hypothetical: Osama bin Laden is living in a country whose intelligence and police forces we know have been seriously infiltrated by al Qaeda. We have a warrant for his arrest, but we believe that if we asked that country to arrest him, the police would tip him off and he would escape. We also believe that he is planning further attacks. Is it OK to capture him in that other country and bring him to the US to stand trial? If you think not, ask yourself whether there is any attack so awful that, if we had convincing evidence that he was planning it, and convincing evidence that the police force of the country he was in had been compromised, we would be justified in capturing him ourselves.
Capturing bin Laden under these circumstances in order to bring him to trial here is extraordinary rendition. When the Israelis snatched Adolf Eichmann and brought him to stand trial in Jerusalem, that was extraordinary rendition. If you think any such cases could ever be justified, then you agree with the Director of Human Rights Watch that ""Under limited circumstances, there is a legitimate place" for renditions". Obviously, this does not imply that you approve of sending people off to Syria to be tortured. And if you had previously said that the US should "repudiate the use of rendition to torture", saying that it would be OK, under these circumstances, to capture bin Laden and bring him to trial would not constitute a "flip-flop", since this would not be "rendition to torture."
Q: But I thought that the official translation of that Human Rights Watch statement was "all that stuff about the need to end rendition? “Oh, that’s just what we call pillow talk, baby, that’s all.”
A: You were misinformed.
Q: Isn't all this just hairsplitting in a frantic attempt to defend The One from criticism?
A: No. If you think that the difference between extradition and sending someone off to Uzbekistan to be tortured is just semantics, you probably need to work on your reading comprehension skills.
Q: Have you "screeched hysterically over the CIA practice of rendition" "for the last seven years"?
A: No. I can't recall screeching hysterically about rendition even once, let alone for seven whole years.
Q: Do you have "truly disturbing, quasi-sexual “rendition” fantasies" involving Doug Feith?
A: No. *shudders*
Q: Why does Michael Ledeen think you're a guy?
A: No idea. You'll have to ask her.
The Stimulus Debate: Here It Comes
From Bob Reich:
The Real Fight Starts After the Stimulus is Enacted
As early as next year, the business cycle may hit bottom and begin climbing. At that point, cyclists and structuralists will want two different things -- and which side the president chooses will be, as Will Marshall of the Progressive Policy Institute puts it, the "central drama" of the Obama administration. The president recently sought to placate the cyclists by promising to focus on controlling the future costs of Social Security and Medicare. Perhaps Obama has in mind a "grand bargain" that would allow him to continue his structural agenda after the business cycle turns upward in return for limiting spending for those two giant entitlement programs.
Let's hope he has something more in mind, something more fundamental: a debate about public investment and sustainable growth. For structuralists, the size of the federal debt itself is irrelevant. Debt has to be considered in proportion to the economy as a whole. According to government projections, the national debt will exceed half the nation's gross domestic product by the end of this year -- not including the stimulus package. That's certainly high, but not close to a record. The debt was far more than 100 percent of GDP at the end of World War II. That mammoth debt, not incidentally, put Americans back to work, financed industrial production, underwrote a new generation of science and technology and created a wave of demand for consumer goods when the war ended. In short, it got the economy on a new and faster track, thereby allowing the United States to pay down the debt and ushering the country into a new era of widely shared prosperity.
Even a high ratio of debt to GDP isn't especially worrisome if much of that debt comes from investments that put the economy on a path toward solid growth. One recent study from Columbia Teachers College, for example, shows that cutting high school dropout rates in half would generate $45 billion in new tax revenues and savings on expenses such as welfare and incarceration.
We cannot assume, however, that gains from these sorts of public investments will grow the economy enough to reduce the relative size of future debt. We must consider the tax code's structure as well. Should marginal taxes be raised on the most affluent? That could help finance what must be done to put the economy on a sustainable growth path.
But I don't think that our new president should wade into this debate right away. He has his hands full. He needs to implement the stimulus package and reverse the downturn. Bill Clinton had to choose sides almost right away -- and had little choice but to cave in to the cyclists and forfeit most of his long-term economic agenda. The severity of the current crisis gives Obama more time.
But he will need to open the larger debate sooner rather than later. This downturn is revealing the U.S. economy's underlying flaws. Once the business cycle turns up, the public and its representatives may be less inclined to tackle the things that truly drag us down. Clinton was, after all, reelected in 1996 on the wave of a cyclical upturn in the economy. But the structural problems that he failed to address -- widening inequality, sagging median incomes, a broken health-care system, crumbling infrastructure and global warming -- are that much larger now, making the current crisis all the worse.
How To Talk To Non-Skeptics
skeptic etiquette
My neighbors and I once shared a community garden in Los Feliz. It was a small space in the back of our building that had once been filled with trash, broken furniture, and decades of rotting cigarette filters.
We decided to pool our resources and plant a garden. We salvaged some drawers from a broken bureau and grabbed some wine boxes from the local liquor store to repurpose as makeshift planters. Over time, we refinished a picnic table, purchased a barbecue grill, and ran electricity out to the patio and hung Christmas lights along the ivy on the back wall so we could actually see each other after sunset.
Normally, my friends are the product of a shared common ground in ideals, beliefs, and hair care products. Neighbor-friends are solely the product of shared geography, and they are therefore more likely to shock the shit out of me with firmly held ideas and beliefs that I find bizarre, and sometimes physically harmful.
For example, there was the time I woke to find a dirty hippie standing in the hall outside my apartment door with a cooler full of raw bison liver, promising to cure my neighbor’s Lyme Disease, naturally. Enraged, I glared at the crunchy bastard as he took her last $70 as she melted against the wall in exhaustion, having given up her antibiotics due to a weird distrust of “western medicine.” Eventually, she tried exorcism (to which my only reply was, “Uh, don’t you have to be Catholic for that?” because seriously, what else can you say?), but that didn’t work any better than the mystical healing meat.
She’s okay, now. Back on the antibiotics, and thriving. But if I see the hippie and his cooler of magic meat ever again, I’m going to punch him in the throat and drown him in disinfectant. Jerk. But aside from the rare-meat life-threatening stuff, most of my magic/god/meat-cure social problems are etiquette-based.
What exactly is the polite response when someone at a dinner party asks, “What’s your sign? I bet you’re a Taurus!”
The last time this question came up was at birthday celebration with my neighbors, at the bottom of the third bottle of wine at a tapas bar.
After listening thoughtfully to my dinner companions each explain how they were like their signs, it was my turn to answer.
I said, “You do realize that Jupiter and some random stars have no effect at all on you, right? I mean, why is it that you’re protected from the magical personality rays of the constellations when you’re buried a few inches deep in flesh and fat, but the second you come screaming out of your mom, the magical personality rays pierce through the brick, mortar, insulation, tile, and electrical wiring of to the third floor maternity ward of the hospital in which you have emerged to touch you with the magical essence of “Taurus,” you stubborn little baby bull!”
I am a bummer at parties.
No one was any more skeptical of astrology, and I ended up looking like the big jerk I actually am. So I’m trying to develop a personal etiquette code for situations such as this.
I consulted Jillian Venters of Gothic Charm School to help me with a skeptic’s etiquette plan, and presented her with my current options:
Question: What’s your sign? I bet you’re a Taurus!
Response Options:
1. AWKWARD AND POLITE: “Aries, I guess. I don’t believe in astrology, so, um, how ‘bout those Mets?”
2. SNARKY AND SATISFYING: “What’s your religion? I bet you’re an Episcopalian!”
3. ITCHING FOR AN UGLY END TO DINNER: “You know that astrology is horseshit, right? What are you, a moron?”
4. OMG U R SO WEIRD: (I make up my own “sign,” stringing together random celestial objects) “I’m a Boötesian, with Pleiades rising. I am so totally fucked this week because Haumea is in retrograde. Stupid Kuiper Belt. I wish they had never discovered it.”
“Personally, I'd got with a combination of 1, 2, and 4, because I'm wacky that way,” says Jilli. “I have friends who believe LOTS of things I don't, and ... I guess I try to honor other people's crazy and quirks the way I'd like them to honor mine. So I'd probably say, ‘I don't believe in astrology’, and if they pushed the subject I'd counter with, ‘Look, I really don't believe in it, and nothing you say is going to change my mind. Let's not talk about it.’”
“Of course, knowing me, I'd probably go on to talk about it, and try and get them to explain to me WHY they believe. Because, y'know, people are freaky and interesting, even if I privately think some of their beliefs are whackaloon.” Jillian’s point here is a good one. People really ARE freaky and interesting, and I’d hate to pass up an opportunity to do my own personal sociological study on freakiness. Perhaps I can apply for some sort of research grant.
Both the Lady of the Manners and I ended up agreeing that option #4 was the best, not for any particular etiquette reason, but because it’s weirdly zany and charming. Sometimes it’s best to answer Crazy Talk with more Crazy Talk. The key is to sound sincere. There’s a thin line between cleverly ironic and smarmy assholishness.
But it isn’t just astrology where I find myself on the edge of turning an otherwise pleasant conversation into prison riot. A friend I genuinely care about once spent $700 on astral-projection classes.
It’s not just astrology conversations where I feel awkward and left out.
One of my neighbors joined me for a drink one night and launched into an excited explanation of astral-projection. She had spent close to a grand on classes and had her first out-of-body experience. I have no poker face. None. It’s not that she didn’t have the money for such things, she makes plenty of dough and could just have easily spent it on new shoes without hurting her savings account. But she wanted to talk about this revelation, and my response was, “Sweetie, you had a hallucination. You paid a ridiculous sum of money to have a hallucination. You can get a bag of ‘shrooms for a tenth of what you just spent, and had enough cash left over to buy new shoes, too!”
This devolved into an argument on the “science” of astral-projection, and she swore that she has read many studies on how it is a fact, A FACT, that one’s mind can ski on out of one’s body and, I dunno, look up ladies’ skirts on the escalator at the mall.
The end result was that I promised to eat the full contents of my cat’s litter box if any of these “studies” could be repeated in an independent laboratory. Gah. I hope that never happens. I’m really lazy about cleaning the litter box.
Once again, I turned to Jilli for an appropriate response to, “I just spent a grand on an astral projection class and had my first out-of-body experience!”
“Yeah, I guess congratulations would be in order,” says Jilli. “And then probably an attempt to change the subject, because if you don't, the person will probably gush enthusiastically at you all about the astral projection class, and then you're stuck with nodding a lot and biting your tongue.”
Jilli’s advice is different if the friend in question is actually going into debt on such things:
“Sit down with them privately and say ‘Look, I understand you're seeking something, but I am worried about you being duped out of money and self-esteem that you shouldn't lose’. Try to explain why you're concerned, and maybe give them suggestions of other ways they can seek out answers without dropping huge amounts of cash? Most public libraries have a pretty good metaphysical/occult/New Age/spooky-pants section, and I would *strongly* encourage someone to investigate all of that before spending huge amounts of money for someone to hand enlightenment to them.”
Disclaimer: I’m not talking about when someone you love has just spent their retirement savings on a handful of magic beans. That sort of thing isn’t about etiquette, it’s about intervention. People who drain their bank accounts trying to attain access to magic have a problem akin to gambling, and I’m not equating random frivolous trips to a palm reader with taking out a second mortgage to gain “clarity” at the Scientology center on Sunset.
My neighbor Michelle is one of my most favorite people. She brings me soup when I am sick, feeds my cat when I am out of town, and is otherwise a wonderful friend.
She’s also ridiculously superstitious and quickly falls prey to any scam that promises to cleanse her body of toxins or clarify her soul. I steer her away from things like Kinoki Foot Pads and The Secret, and she cuts my hair for free.
I once told her that the sun will eventually go all red giant and scorch all evidence of humanity off the planet, and what will the ghosts do then? Haunt the ashes? Won’t that be really lame for the ghosts?
She laughs at me, and I laugh at her, and then we start making supper out in the community garden, tossing fresh asparagus in lemon juice and garlic.
“But dude! An OLD LADY DIED in that apartment!” she exclaims.
Then we laugh again. I’m never going to convince her that her ghost is crappy wiring, and she’s never going to convince me that the dead return to life just to fuck with the ambient lighting schemes of aging hipsters like us.
These differences in beliefs don’t matter to me, really. Not in the grand scheme of a friendship with someone who comforts me when I’m going bananas, and genuinely cares for me.
Michelle is my only wacky-belief friend who has ever asked why I don’t believe in god, astral-projection, ghosts, or kinoki foot pads, and it is one of the many reasons why I love her.
Sometimes I think Michelle needs to believe in the supernatural, because she doesn’t really know how much there actually IS of the natural world to be dazzled by. No faith is required, just your own two eyes to see and hands to feel.
I told her that the universe is wonderful enough on its own. Space, stars, planets, black holes, galaxies, suns. The fact that out of all the elemental soup, people like us have evolved to walk and talk and create art, music, white wine, patent leather stacked mary jane shoes, Cocoa Puffs cereal, truck nutz, chocolate chip cookies, surf boards, and the Neiman Marcus cosmetics department is AMAZING. All by itself. Saying, “god did it” is heartbreaking. It pisses on the sheer wonderousness of it all, you know? I don’t need more.
The universe doesn’t need to be imbued with the mystical to make it “more” special. It’s like salting a pot of soup in someone else’s kitchen without permission. It’s awfully presumptuous, and, well, more than a little rude.
h/t Bad Astronomy
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Pan-fried diced potatoes
Yield: 4 servings
Measure Ingredient
1½ pounds Waxy boiling potatoes
Vegetable oil
1. Peel the potatoes and cut them into «-inch dice. Wash them in two changes of cold water and pat dry.
2. Choose a skillet that can loosely accommodate all the potatoes.
Pour in «-inch oil and turn the heat to moderately high. When the oil is hot, add all the diced potatoes and lower the heat to moderate.
Cook until tender when pierced but still pale, not having yet formed a crust. Remove from the heat. Using a slotted spoon, remove the potatoes to a plate and let cool completely, reserving the oil in the pan.
3. Shortly before serving, set the skillet with the oil over high heat. When the oil is hot, return the potatoes to the pan and cook until light brown and crusty on all sides. Transfer the potatoes to a warm platter, sprinkle with salt and serve.
Fine Cooking November 1995
Submitted By DIANE LAZARUS On 11-01-95
Similar recipes | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8939157128334045}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '5030', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:HXN7ET6NBT5IKBVHGZBSU6MDKUCOKOFV', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:28aeb809-c7ce-412e-a85a-31bed77b3f5a>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 23, 5, 3, 8), 'WARC-IP-Address': '151.101.250.133', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:6LF7EY3XOFXZZGLHSD76PENSDWAUK5CG', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:3d97e70b-9840-497f-bdd2-463129298cd2>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.astray.com/recipes/?show=Pan-fried+diced+potatoes', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:bbef734d-6546-4fcc-8834-ae800a09c393>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '169', 'url': 'https://www.astray.com/recipes/?show=Pan-fried+diced+potatoes', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-04\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for January 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-246.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.17 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.27215462923049927', 'original_id': 'b5ffc8579429c3b05d241372630c1ee714b1545f90ca4c285357f2fcac61821b'} |
Château LaRoche-A knight’s tale….
One of the places we have visited since moving to central Ohio has been the Loveland castle in Loveland Ohio, this castle goes by the name Chateau LaRoche and was built by a gentleman named Sir Harry Andrews.
If you ever get the chance to visit this castle they explain the story of the castle and the knight that built it.This castle contains a round ceiling bedroom and a small dungeon. The best part is the history of the determined man behind the castle. we walked all around the upper story and even took a peek into the dungeon. some of the stairs are steep and made of stone so be very careful walking. It was very fun to visit a castle so close to home. This is a self guided tour and the admission is $5 per person and children five and under are free.
this is a âââsmall-scale castle but sir Harry did reside here for some of the year. He modeled it after a château he spent time in during the World War 1, where he worked as a medic. Stone by stone he build this castle and he was frugal too. He used all the old milk cartons and tin cans to fill the bricks that he made himself. 13221749_10209438324772820_4902781241315848100_nVery resourceful! We loved walking around the gardens and outside walkways, it was like a stroll through a french castle garden, smaller scale but still impressive. img_7650img_7637img_7639img_7633img_7631img_7628img_7627throughout the castle there was elements of the knighthood that Sir Harry wanted to instill into the youth that he helped mentor. He really took a personal interest in bettering the future of many of the scouts/boys from his youth group/troop, he believed in a true code of conduct that was noble and just! It was so relaxing to stroll around the garden area and the little miami river is right infront off the castle. I enjoy learning about this little gem and am planning on going back again.
This would be an awesome place to bring you family or just come by yourself, we walked around for a good hour or so. If we had any little ones this would be a great place to come and get pictures !
We didn’t stay for very long but there was picnic tables and they encourage you to stay and enjoy the castle. I do know that there are no restrooms in the castle so they just have a portable toilet in one corner of the parking lot.
The only caution I would give for this visit was; make sure to drive a vehicle that can withstand a steep decline and incline! I am not kidding when I say this is a steep driveway and just use caution.
Have you ever been to a castle?
Would you ever build your own house?
What is the biggest project you’ve done or helped with.. like a barn or garden?img_7656enjoy the weekend!
Rafaela S
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import styled from 'styled-components';
import StartButton from '../startButton/StartButton'
import StartMenu from '../startMenu/StartMenu'
import OpenedWindows from '../openedWindows/OpenedWindows'
import Clock from '../clock/Clock'
import { useAppSelector } from '../../../app/hooks';
import { selectIsClicked } from '../startButton/startButtonSlice';
import React, { useRef } from "react";
const NavBar = styled.div`
position: fixed;
background-color: #bfbfbf;
bottom: 0;
width: 100vw;
height: 2.5rem;
border-style: solid;
border-bottom: none;
border-left: none;
border-right: none;
border-width: 2px;
border-color: rgb(254, 254, 254) rgb(10, 10, 10) rgb(10, 10, 10) rgb(254, 254, 254);
box-shadow: rgb(223 223 223) 0px 1px 0px 1px inset;
box-sizing: border-box;
display: flex;
align-items: center;
padding-right:4px;
z-index: 999
`
export default function NavigationBar() {
const isStartButtonClicked = useAppSelector(selectIsClicked)
const buttonRef = useRef(null)
return (
<NavBar>
<StartButton startButtonRef={buttonRef}/>
{ isStartButtonClicked ? <StartMenu startButtonRef={buttonRef} /> : ''}
<OpenedWindows></OpenedWindows>
<Clock/>
</NavBar>
)
} | common_corpus | {'identifier': 'https://github.com/manyuvll/manyuvll.github.io/blob/master/src/features/navbar/navigationBar/NavigationBar.tsx', 'collection': 'Github Open Source', 'open_type': 'Open Source', 'license': 'MIT', 'date': '2021.0', 'title': 'manyuvll.github.io', 'creator': 'manyuvll', 'language': 'TSX', 'language_type': 'Code', 'word_count': '126', 'token_count': '402', '__index_level_0__': '24353', 'original_id': 'da0c84da4c44e19e03653febe976869fed10812929e5df9649174f5a9709d14c'} |
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Phil Goff
25 November, 2004
Clean Slate Act to help 500,000 Kiwis
The Criminal Records (Clean Slate) Act comes in to force on Monday, allowing hundreds of thousands of New Zealanders with minor convictions to finally put past mistakes behind them.
The new law allows people convicted of offences that did not result in a sentence of imprisonment, and who meet the criteria, including having gone seven years without any convictions, to have their convictions concealed.
The Ministry of Justice estimates that the Act will help up to 500,000 New Zealanders, the overwhelming majority of whom committed a relatively minor offence in their youth and are now law-abiding citizens.
There are few people in New Zealand who could claim to have led totally blameless lives, yet those convicted many years ago for offences such as shoplifting have often continued to be disadvantaged by having convictions on their record. An employment expert at the University of Waikato has said that discrimination against job seekers for past offending is common.
As Minister of Justice I have received hundreds of letters on this subject. One, for example, was from a grandmother who offended when she was 15. While the offending was minor, she still feels branded as a criminal today. Another came from a man who committed a petty theft when he was 17 and has carried the stigma of a criminal record for 55 years. Others have involved offences such as removing a 'roadworks' sign, which despite being minor, still have to be listed on application forms decades later.
Many of those affected believe they have suffered discrimination in employment, accommodation, applying for hire purchase, arranging insurance, and so on. All of them feel the stigma of being branded a criminal every time they have to disclose their convictions. In these cases, the punishment is disproportionate to the crime.
Since 1986, the Police Diversion scheme has been able to deal with minor offenders without obtaining a conviction. This Act puts people with similar historic convictions in the same situation as those who have benefited from the diversion scheme.
The Act does not require individuals to lie. It simply allows a great many ordinary, and now law-abiding, New Zealanders who have long suffered unnecessary anxiety about past mistakes to no longer have old and minor criminal convictions revealed.
It is still lawful to ask someone to consent to the disclosure of their criminal record by the Ministry of Justice or the Police but if the person has a clean slate, no convictions will be revealed.
The Act is not 'soft on crime'. In fact it is fairly conservative in the conditions it sets. Comparable legislation has been operating in countries such as the UK, Canada and in some states in Australia, for up to 30 years, and most of them clean-slate convictions of up to six months' jail.
The non-custodial threshold means that no serious or recidivist offender will be eligible. The seven-year qualifying period is based on statistical evidence that shows that people with minor convictions who have not re-offended after seven years are no more likely to re-offend than those without convictions.
Other criteria require that the individual has paid court-imposed financial penalties and never been indefinitely disqualified from driving.
Anyone convicted of specified offences, such as sexual offences, is not entitled to a clean slate.
The legislation only conceals criminal records; it does not wipe them. Any further conviction, regardless of the sentence, ends entitlement to clean-slate previous convictions until all the criteria are met again, so the Act only rewards those who have permanently changed their behaviour.
Full criminal records can also be made available in special circumstances such as police investigations or court proceedings, and in relation to sensitive types of employment, such as the care of children or jobs involving national security.
Finally, because our legislation cannot bind foreign governments, the Act does not legally excuse New Zealanders from disclosing convictions to overseas authorities.
Clean Slate is automatic – people do not need to apply. Anyone who is unsure if they will qualify can request a copy of their criminal record from the Privacy Assistant of the Ministry of Justice. Information about how this can be done, and about Clean Slate, is available from the Ministry’s website www.justice.govt.nz under the 'Information for the Public' section.
• Phil Goff
• Justice | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9715139269828796}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '22079', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:W4U55JGJFWRQTCVVIFB7ABJXMJNQ54X4', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:e897ee34-f127-4dce-848a-47c2a182661e>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 12, 25, 2, 15, 35), 'WARC-IP-Address': '199.83.128.241', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:CEFZMVYG7QR6D57CHO7A7UWQXRA4POEU', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:0557080a-91b7-4392-ae2c-29b15e4b1d66>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/clean-slate-act-help-500000-kiwis', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:2f91bae2-56f0-49dc-9327-b32d6c214e29>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '718', 'url': 'http://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/clean-slate-act-help-500000-kiwis', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-231-17-201.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-52\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for December 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.021133840084075928', 'original_id': 'c0d9993f14924397471a38e861a41e12bfff9281588f3d35a271db8de0609511'} |
Tar Heel Times
Your comprehensive source for Tar Heel sports news
Troy Williams makes name on his own; Julius Randle high on Tar Heels
Troy Williams doesn’t compare himself to other elite prospects, saying that everyone is still working to fulfill their potential. Williams said he is working on his defense, shooting off the dribble and ball-handling, but plenty of schools are already interested in his current skill set. Julius Randle, one of the candidates for No. 1 in the class of 2013, has talked to Memphis, Baylor, Duke, Seton Hall, Arkansas, Texas Tech, Texas A&M and Florida lately. The school most associated with Randle has been North Carolina. (CBS Sports)
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What will Coby White bring to UNC?
Kris Wilkes' recruitment might be latest UNC vs. Indiana battle
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By now you probably know the arguments for the monitored, controlled, legalized forms of wildlife hunting. It has the potential to reduce conflict with humans and can provide much-needed revenue to be put toward conservation efforts. But not all populations are created equal; applied to the wrong ecosystem, hunting can also drive population declines, the echoes of which will reverberate throughout its landscape. In this week’s issue of Science Magazine, a group of researchers led by Montana State University wildlife biologist Scott Creel argue that wolf hunting policies in the US don’t align with the best evidence that science has to offer.
After wolves were reintroduced to the Northern Rocky Mountains (NRM) in the mid-1990s, the carnivore population grew stronger. But that trend stopped in 2009. That’s because in 2008, the population lost its protection under the ESA and hunting became legalized.
Reviews by the USFWS say that hunting “has not increased any risk” to the NRM wolf population, but Creel and his colleagues aren’t so sure. “Current policies state that half of a wolf population can be shot annually without causing the population to decline,” said Creel in an official statement. “On the basis of ecological theory, this suggestion is not likely to be correct for the wolf, or indeed for any large carnivore.”
Fully-grown, mature large carnivores usually have low mortality rates. They are the kings of their jungles, after all. Hunting doesn’t substitute for other causes of wolf death, as is more likely the case for ungulates like deer. For animals like wolves, hunting pressures instead add to the mortality rate. After hunting was legalized in Montana and Idaho in 2008, wolf pack size there declined by nearly a third. And hunting doesn’t just impact group size – it also affects a group’s social order, which impacts the likelihood that juveniles will grow to reproductive age. Indeed, in 2013, five years after hunting was legalized, hunters took 25% fewer wolves – despite an extended hunting season!
How can the scientific evidence and the USFWS review be so contradictory? Creel’s group suggests that there can be a mismatch between the animals that provide the data to inform policy decisions and the animals to which that policy applies. “Carnivore distributions do not follow political borders, but hunting policies do,” they say. Just because the overall Northern Rocky Mountains population has been relatively stable under pressure from hunting doesn’t mean that the packs in any given state are equally so. Idaho’s annual wolf counts declined by nearly a quarter between 2008 and 2013.
More importantly, Creel’s group says the studies on which the USFWS based their review focused on wolf populations that could recruit immigrant wolves from other, nearby populations. Those local losses to hunting could be replaced by the influx of new individuals from elsewhere. It’s not that wolves are able to compensate for local losses, but it might appear that way if you’re not looking very closely. By analogy, while African lions may be protected within national parks, legalized hunting just outside of parks can still destabilize the overall lion population. Harvesting lions outside of parks creates a “vacuum,” drawing in the otherwise protected lions from inside of parks – leaving them vulnerable to hunting.
There can be a sustainable way forward for carnivore hunting. The future of wildlife management in most parts of the world probably includes at least some carefully controlled harvest. But if legalized hunting is to occur, the researchers say that policies need to be based on rigorous, empirical science, which requires “clearly defined, quantitative” goals.
Current wolf hunting policies in the NRM simply aim to avoid a population crash so severe that it would require re-listing under the ESA, but that’s too hand-wavy a target. Instead, policies should specify things like maximum harvest rates or goals for population size or growth from year to year. According to Creel, “the North American model of wildlife management works very well for species like ducks or elk, but becomes much more complex for species like wolves that compete with hunters.” – Jason G. Goldman | 18 December 2015
Source: Creel, S., Becker, M., Christianson, D., Dröge, E., Hammerschlag, N., Haward, M.W., Karanth, U., Loveridge, A., Macdonald, D.W., Wigganson, M., M’soka, J., Murray, D, Rosenblatt, E, Schuette, P. (2015) Questionable policy for large carnivore hunting. Science. DOI: 10.1126/science.aac4768.
Header image: shutterstock.com
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The real Romney
Mitt Romney and Paul Ryan in Ashland today
In coming days and months, there will be hundreds of discussions about who is the real Mitt Romney. The question should not be who is the real Mitt Romney. The question should be, “is there a real Mitt Romney? Mitt was one person at Bain and another as Governor of Massachusetts. Now that he is running for president, he is willing to cast aside his past and remake his positions as the wind shifts and the far-right demands. So the proper question is, is there a real Mitt Romney and only after that question is answered will it be proper to discuss who that person is and what he believes in.
Mitt, the job “creator”
Staples (Canada)
Staples (Canada) (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
Mitt didn’t create jobs at Bain, that is not what private equity firms do. The business of private equity firms is making money by buying companies and making them more efficient. That frequently involves downsizing and offshoring jobs. US workers wind up getting paid less or losing their jobs entirely. If Bain invested in a company that grew, like Staples for example, the job growth at Staples came at the expense of small businesses that lost business and jobs. Thus a job at a small business might disappear and be replaced by a job at a firm like Staples that paid less.
After everything is said and done Mitt probably created no jobs. What he did do was move jobs from one business to another. Mitt wants to count only the jobs he “created”, not the jobs he destroyed. And the jobs “created” usually paid less so that both Mitt and the CEO of a firm like Staples could be well paid. So Mitt wasn’t a job creator, he was a job mover, from one firm or firms to another.
A job creator creates a new product or service that adds jobs to the total number of people employed within the US. If your product or service reduces the total number of people employed in the US, you are a job destroyer.
Bain pain encore
I liked this so much that I decided to reprise it.
The pain from Bain
Stayed not in the plain
The pain from Bain
Enriched the few
Impoverished the many
That’s what Bain did
It enriched Mitt and friends
The gain from Bain
Stayed mainly in the hands
Of Mitt and his friends
The pain from Bain
Confined not to Maine
Stretching from Atlantic to Pacific
That mighty pain from Bain.
The pain that precedes death
Death of an individual, company, city, region or industry.
Who was in charge?
English: Photograph of downtown salt lake city
English: Photograph of downtown salt lake city (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
Mitt says that he was not in charge at Bain after 1999. Who was in charge? Who was making the day-to-day decisions? I can understand that he took a leave of absence to help the Salt Lake City winter games in 2002. I can understand that he later changed his mind and decided to retire rather than return from the leave of absence. People do change their minds. There is nothing wrong with that. Mitt must have left someone in charge while was gone. Give us a name, Mitt. Then the media can talk to that person to confirm your assertions.
People first
Governor Rick Perry of Texas speaking at the R...
Our society and nation are plagued by a number of problems which, I believe, have a common cause at bottom. That cause is putting other priorities ahead of people. We could solve many of our ills if we put the people and their concerns first.
George Romney, Mitt’s father, was a true conservative and a Republican. He believed in a smaller Federal government and believed that the way to achieve it was for the states to solve people’s problems at the state and local level. When states ignored the problems of their citizens, they invited the Federal government to expand and try to solve those problems. George Romney supported the 10th amendment for states rights, but he believed in putting people’s rights ahead of states right.
Penn State put its reputation and revenue ahead of people, in this case children. If it had put the children first, the Jerry Sandusky tragedy would have been taken care of many years ago and there would have been far fewer victims.
Mitt Romney‘s Bain problems arise from putting profit ahead of people. He could have been satisfied with a few million dollars less profit and thereby treating people, their jobs and their lives with more compassion. As Rick Perry famously put it, there is a difference between venture capitalism and vulture capitalism. Until Mitt comes clean, we rightly suspect that he was a vulture capitalist. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '22', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9723389148712158}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '102527', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:OOVBP46ZCW2P5VMJ6IFJPWOHRZGUVLBF', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:38c1dff8-bdbb-4716-8183-3d57585c1a6b>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 6, 2, 20, 17, 10), 'WARC-IP-Address': '192.0.78.24', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:TQK5XVCPVTXAAES66HBZNL5IRGYH4DGT', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:b86cadee-428d-40bf-a1b4-dad505853aae>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://bell-book-candle.com/tag/bain-capital/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:e6695b38-7303-4d88-9f20-977492c3829d>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '824', 'url': 'https://bell-book-candle.com/tag/bain-capital/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-24\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May/June 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-236.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.24683666229248047', 'original_id': 'd2317a4624837eb35f38ee0b90adb59b18096205bdf8fa3d623639271e22370d'} |
Friday, January 29, 2010
Maybe a Sexy Friday Open Thread of Love will cheer us all up
Top 'o the Friday morning everyone! What a fucking shitty week in Habs land. But TGISF, mofos! And since there will be jack shit happening today (knock wood), here's a little open thread of love to keep us all amused. And titillated. Don't forget titillated.
Let's see, what's going down this fine AM. Yesterday's Habs news was two-fold. First we had Vodkov and TFS hugging it out at practice. Nice pic of it over at Habs I/O, though I like our hugging pic better. If you want to tear your hair out, read Michel Bergeron's piece on Here's a summary: blah blah blah, TFS is not Marty Brodeur or Patrick Roy. In the other Habs news from yesterday, it looks like BGL ain't getting anywhere near those hot Swedish babes. Very disappointing. That would have made for some Sexy Friday fun.
Elsewhere around the N, if you thought things were bad around here, you haven't been to Tronna. Players are begging to get off the team. In actual hockey action, Sens are just fucking rolling. Took care of the Pens last night, 4-1. I think that's 8 wins in a row. Holy crap. Hey anyone know who the Sens are playing next? Oh fuck me. In the East playoff clusterfuck, Thrashers beat the Flyers and the Isles lost. That leaves the Habs currently in 10th officially, but with all the games in hand it's essentially 13th.
Sorry that last line was a bit of a downer. More Sexy Friday and CHeering up! Here's a little video of poorly Photoshopped CH's on hot babes you may enjoy. Have a good one kids.
37 comments: said...
It's amazing how Price's supposed attitude blinds everyone. he's like a lightning rod. the problem with Montreal is it's fishbowl aspect and a bored media with nothing to do.
Mathias Brunet has an interesting column on Price
(I know, I know just more platitudes)
A pox upon all hacks who even mentions the word goalie
Orangeman said...
This comment has been removed by the author.
PPP said...
Leafs Fucking Suck.
Now, with that out of the way, I love Open Threads of Love. There is something just magical about two beautiful women kissing.
Defininitely helps brighten the day.
As for Carey, the kid's aloof. Has always been and every story about the kid re-inforces that. So what? If he's good enough it's not a problem. And yeah, the media in MTL like in TOR get bored. That's a problem for the entire team.
Ian Vitro said...
Thanks for sexy Friday, my brain desperately needed something positive associated with the Habs.
Markov may not want to be Captain on account of the media scrums, but I sure like the way he deals with them:
"...Markov offered little when asked about it. 'If you're looking for a bad story, you've got the wrong guy,' the veteran defenceman said. 'You're supposed to help us now because we're going through a tough time.'"
Sleepy said...
Forgive me if I'm wrong, but isn't the game in question the one where TFS pulled Hamerlik off of the goon so he could have a piece of the action? I think that shows plenty of heart and emotion.
I'm going to have to change my I.D soon as the 1 year old is starting to sleep through the night
habsss said...
I'm going to think positively and say that if thats 8 wins in a row then the Sens are going to have to lose a game eventually.
Or they'll just crush the Canadiens and make it 9 wins in a row
David said...
Holy fucking shit am I getting tired of the sports « media » in this fucking town. Jesus! Guess what Bergie, NOBODY gives a flying fuck what you think. To even have an ounce of credibility, you would at least have to be able to write your own columns, but anyone who's ever heard you speak knows you clearly don't have the basic language skills. There's no Guy Lafleur on that team... No shit, Einstein! You know why the players don't respect the media? Because you're all a bunch of fucking hacks who spew bullshit about them 24/7. If I was one of them I would even look at you, let alone speak to you.
Fuck you, fuck Jean Perron, fuck Réjean Tremblay, fuck everybody. Except Mathias, he's ok.
Have a nice week-end everybody!
Robbie said...
Dear Lawyers,
I wanted to say thank you to all those who offered opinions yesterday on what to do about my and the Mrs. marital problems and potential divorce. I must say some people in here have some strange opinions; Moeman told me to go with porn (is that legal?). Anyways, as a result of my letter to you I got a call from this place called ‘’L’antichambre’’… yeah I know what the fuck does that mean. Anyways I figured what the heck I might as well go down there and meet them. So I arrive and their office and its like a sports memorabilia store with furniture stolen from the Cage Aux Sport. In fact it felt allot like a Cage Aux Sport. These 5 guys are sitting there and they have Newspapers and when I walk in they flash their papers at me with these big bold black font headlines on them. This guy Bertrands said, ‘’je suis pure laine…Mrs. na pas de laine’’ this other guy named Coach had written, ‘’ Mrs. ma appris a lire, apres le sex’’ and this guy named Burgy had written, ‘’J’ai baisser Mrs. dans un chemise des Nordique et elle a aimer ca!’’ Well fuck me cause I don’t understand a word of french so I fired all of them. It didn’t matter they all looked like way past their prime dinosaur windbags.
Anyhow after much consideration and evaluation of all the opinions I received yesterday I have decided to give it one last try with the Mrs. Yes sir were gong to Ottawa this weekend. Were going to see if we can’t salvage this relationship. In fact were going to try some kinky sexual stuff to spice things up. We bought a book called Karmahockeysutra. There are some things called the ‘’PP’’ and ‘’sustained pressure for 3 periods’’ (sounds kinda gross) oh and also these positions called, ‘’throw the body around’’ and ‘’Get in front of the net’’…I never thought of the Mrs. private part as a net (no wait fill it up with…a forget it. But fuck I’ll try anything. Ok well I have to head out to the Drug Store to renew my prescription of Viagra and pick up some Condoms. Condoms you ask? After 100 years together! Well yes i heard a rumour that the Mrs. might have an affair with some Russian guy for a few year here in Montreal. Apparently now he is living in Ottawa. Its supposed to be over between the two of them. Yes it seemed the Russian had the ability to make the Mrs. howl in pure delight on certain nights but would then go like 20 nights and not even be able to get it hard. Shame. Anyways I’m worried that while I’m over a the Casino in Lac Lemay (they have a lake in Ottawa?) wait Lemay isn’t even in Ottawa…I’m fucking confused…that the Mrs might scoot over to this Russians new place called ScotiaBank Centre or some fucking thing like that and take one for the team. If you know what I mean.
Alright, well I’ll fill you in on my final decision about the divorce on Monday. Hope everyone has a good weekend. And hey! Hug (or bang) the one you love or you’ll end up like me and the Mrs.
Yours truly
Given it one last shot in Mtl.
Le Douze said...
@Sleepy -
Yeah, I really liked that from TFS. From a pure "is this sensible?" perspective, it was a bit of a numbskull move, but it showed some real emotion. I think it's good if Carey can stay loose and not get over worked up about stuff, but he needs to maintain his focus - and I think that part of that is that he needs to exude the will to win. He had that for a few games in the fall - the way he tossed away pucks after stops during a couple of shoot outs was masterful. Scares the crap out of the opposition, and bucks up the team. He doesn't need to do that every minute, but showing it now and then will really help his cause.
Habsfan10 said...
@ PPP:
You forgot we have a tag that says "Anything you write in the FHF comments can and will be used against you in a subsequent post", didn't you? Should have insulted the Bruins, my friend.
@ Sleepy:
You'll still be sleepy, believe me. You still have to chase the little urchins around and clean up after them. FYI, if they look like they are going to sneeze the exact second you put a spoonful of mashed banana in their mouth, get out of the way. Had to change for work twice this morning.
L Dude said...
Robbie, wishing you the best of luck with the Mrs this weekend. Rumour has it that Russian guy has been scoring a lot lately with some other chicks, so you should definitely slip a couple of those condoms into her purse. You don't want to catch perestroika or some other strange Russian disease from her.
I think if you look at page 42 of your kamahockeysutra, you'll find a great scoring position, by maintaining deep penetration in the other end. Not sure how the Mrs might feel about that, but it's worth a shot.
I expect her friend from 'some eastern country' will be tagging along. I think you can trust him, but then again he could be some KGBish type of guy. You're probably better off trusting her whale friend. Rumour is he's been seen hugging other guys and hangs out on So you MIGHT feel safer with him, but again, maybe it's all an act to trip you up. Maybe in the end they all want to screw your Mrs.
Good luck.
L Dude said...
Robbie: One more thing. Here's hoping you get to experience a little 'Afternoon Delight' (parody suggestion to moeman - not sure if you 'do requests')
WV: packm. Robbie, packm in there real good!
boob gainey said...
Three worst teams in the NHL: Leafs, Oil, Habs.
Coincidence? I think not.
When Bettman can figure out a way to do it without getting found out, the Sens will stop winning too.
HabsFan29 said...
Jaro 2.0 now out with an upper body injury. maybe we'll get the Subbanator called up! said...
so his development can be screwed up?
is that what we really want?
kevincrumbs said...
I'm thinking that they'll call up Carle.
GoldenGirl11 said...
We have 24 hours. Let's stop speculating and start coming up with useless nicknames.
Orangeman said...
Screw the Habs.
Clara Hughes was just (unofficially) named the flag bearer for Canada. As a cycling fan turned speed skating fan by this very athlete, may I just say "Fuck yeah!". Plus I gotta a thing for red-heads.
Also, I got a new-born niece and having lived all over the place in the world, it makes me all warm and gooey inside to know that in my native land a girl can do shit like this. Even as a dude, I'm so fucking happy to be from Canada.
Ok, back to rooting for losers (I mean that in the most loving way possible). Yeah, yeah. Go Habs...go?
HabsFan29 said...
Clara is a perfect choice. She is a perfect Canadian. God love her.
Habsfan10 said...
According to Clara, she was a pot-smoking, underage drinking, class-skipping hooligan growing up. Sounds like she should be the FHF flagbearer.
L Dude said...
I'm ok with PK coming up for one emergency call-up game. Surely one game can't screw up his psyche.....can it? C'mon, it's Hockey Day in Canada - get him just for some good audio at least.
On to useless nicknames:
How about defense pairings? Why don't they get nicknames?
Gill & O'Byrne - The Twin Towers - because they're tall and don't move.
Markov & Gorges - Oh, I see, because it's too fucking hard.
As I was hurting my brain trying to think of something, I came up with this idea though:
If somebody was to make a movie about Tretiak, would it be called "From Russia with Glove"?
Then I thought, 'clever', but that's probably not an original thought, so I googled it. Sure enough, there's a website with that name. And what's front and center on that page? The Markov/Price saga. Pff.
kevincrumbs said...
I also would like to be on record as being fond of redheads. Sadly, I never felt like I truly cherished my time with them.
HabsFan29 said...
someone needs to link to a Christina Hendricks pic, stat!
L Dude said...
This comment has been removed by the author.
HabsFan29 said...
my sexy friday just went flaccid
fine i'll do the dirty work
moeman said...
@Robbie, seeing as you are staying at/near the casino, take a gamble, set yourself up behind the net and try to score with a nice backdoor move.
@LDude, I take requests. Afternoon Delight was parodied on Jan 3rd and still somewhat à propos.
RiRi said...
Carle is out for the season after getting shoulder surgery.
I guess I wouldn`t mind if Subban was called up for 1 game but he has to go back to the Bulldogs right away so Guy Boucher can undo whatever damage JM has done in 1 game.
Or maybe Weber. Wtv. Subban`s more cheerful and always grinning ear-to-ear and this team gets more depressing by the day so I vote for him!
moeman said...
Damn its cold outside.
Moey said...
I've been home for an hour and I'm still chilled. The wind was friggin' brutal. Time for a hot toddy.
moeman said...
@Moey, "Time for a hot toddy"
I'll be right over.
Le Douze said...
@LD - I'm not sure what to call that D pairing, but I know what its official drink should be.
@29 - how the fuck does Jaro 2.0 wound himself without playing or practicing? was he pretending to be MAB in his driveway and dislocated his ego?
@RiRi - could do with PK's smile, works for me better than BGL's ever did. But ONE GAME ONLY, don't want to spook the poor lad.
HabsFan29 said...
im only drinking Georgi vodka from now on. i don't know why.
Kmaxx said...
Ok - so "Hockey Day in Canada" - does that mean we get Ron McLean on some frozen lake in the middle of nowhre with a bunch of kids - just so we all remember he's a ref? And does Don Cherry get to wear a snowmobile suit with fuckin' glitter on the collar and remind us how we are all a bunch of sissys compared to when he was young? Because if we do, I'll fuckin' puke!
BTW: - Bon weekend Robbie!
Go Habs Go!
Another BTW: Clara's Hot!
L Dude said...
@29: Sorry. That was meant to be deleted long before now.
@moeman: Thanks. Jan 3 may have been during my "Fuck this team, I'm not watching them until March" phase. Or I just don't fucking remember.
@Le12: I'm with 29. If I can find that Vodka, it's getting added to my collection! Nice find.
I actually like redheads and agree that Clara is a)deserving and b)hot. I'm sure she'll do better knowing I feel that way.
Friday night. Can't decide whether to snort some drano or turn on the Leafs/Devils game.
Later. Maybe.
Habs Laughs said...
What a comment by 'comment deleted'
so insightful...we need more of that around here.
Anonymous said...
Caramba, I love fridays... and red heads.
Hockey fucking Day in Canada... Give me a fucking break, like if there was only one day during the year that Canada go's crazy over hockey.
If Mclean & Cherry play pound hockey today, I hope the ice breaks and they drown... Too bad BR doesn't play with them.
Number31 said...
Can I get a go you fucking Habs go? It's that time of year again.
Slippy - for MAB. From Starfox. 'Cause no one likes him and everyone wants Slippy to die. Do a barrel roll!
WV: Frafkse. As in Jacques Martin is frarksed. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9669692516326904}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '373594', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:XZYYL6YNLAWSBM5MQNFZNWSLZASYR5CV', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:b1a29c35-860f-4ed1-b8f7-89cc9f7ee063>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 7, 17, 7, 43, 56), 'WARC-IP-Address': '172.217.8.1', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:GHTPYOFYD65DACHBKOUPUUPPHNUCIDMZ', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:a1315386-5a15-4d01-bf8e-f430ba596114>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://fourhabsfans.blogspot.com/2010/01/maybe-sexy-friday-open-thread-of-love.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:84ee0cd9-5cbe-443a-ad16-3020fc7f3031>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '2705', 'url': 'http://fourhabsfans.blogspot.com/2010/01/maybe-sexy-friday-open-thread-of-love.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-228-146-196.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-30\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for July 2018\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.03699302673339844', 'original_id': 'ae5e4b12987617332fb4e0eccff530838fd4cfb9f5e1c6ffa64ed82d8058f358'} |
Campaign to Protect Rural England Standing up for your countryside
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Our achievements
Our achievements
CPRE’s greatest success on active travel came when we secured a legal duty for the Secretary of State for Transport to deliver five year investment strategies for cycling and walking.
The commitment to a Cycling and Walking Investment Strategy came about when multiple NGOs from transport, environmental and health backgrounds joined together behind a CPRE idea to amend the Infrastructure Act to include this.
The idea was initially refused by Government, but after thousands of people wrote to their MPs to demand it, the amendment was agreed at the start of 2015
Why we need a Cycling and Walking Investment Strategy
There really are so many reasons why an ambitious Cycling and Walking Investment Strategy will be good for England.
Walking and cycling already:
• Improve our health
• Support thousands of jobs
• Tackle air pollution that kills 25,000 people a year in England
• Ease congestion, lessening the pressure to build roads across England’s countryside.
But with proper funding and long term ambition these benefits could be spread to more and more people.
Figures now show that after a few years of cycling rates going up modestly they have now stagnated. England is also still well behind most other countries in Europe.
This is why we need to make sure the Government delivers well-funded investment strategies for cycling and walking for five year periods.
A truly national strategy
There were two main reasons why we successfully campaigned for a Cycling and Walking Investment Strategy:
• To end stop-start funding for cycling and walking and replace it with consistent and reliable revenue
• To ensure that cycling and walking are viable and attractive across England and across all groups of people
Funding is running out
Conditions on so many of our roads are completely unacceptable for cycling and walking. Spending on cycling is just £2 for each person in England outside London, when the target is a minimum of £10.
And the Government keeps throwing up houses on the edges of towns where it’s virtually impossible to walk into town. As a result, so many of our market towns and villages are being choked by ever more polluting cars.
A future for cycling and walking
We need to invest in cycling and walking at the same time as our national transport infrastructure. Not doing so makes as little sense as investing in superfast broadband but leaving out the last mile connections to homes and businesses. If we are to have green growth balanced across the country, rural areas need this investment as much as cities.
The first Strategy offers a chance to steer England towards becoming a cycling and walking nation. CPRE will keep campaigning to make sure this is England’s direction of travel.
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Home>Video>The Downside of Share Buybacks
The Downside of Share Buybacks
Fri, 11 Jul 2014
Companies are buying back shares at near-record levels, but Morningstar's Josh Peters says firms can serve shareholders much better with dividends rather than stock repurchases.
Video Transcript
Jeremy Glaser: For Morningstar, I'm Jeremy Glaser. I am here today with Josh Peters, editor of Morningstar DividendInvestor and also our director of equity-income strategy. He is going to talk to us about how share buybacks and their ever-increasing numbers are impacting dividend investors.
Josh, thanks for joining me today.
Josh Peters: Good to be here, Jeremy.
Glaser: Put some context around how share buybacks look today versus historically. Are companies buying back a lot more shares?
Peters: They are buying back more shares than they have at any time in this economic expansion, in this bull market cycle. We haven't quite hit the peak of $172 billion in a quarter; that's $172 billion worth of shares in just three months for just the S&P 500 companies. That record was set back in the third quarter of 2007. It just happens to coincide with the all-time peak in the stock market prior to the crash. How interesting. Buybacks then declined dramatically as corporate earnings fell. Stock prices were getting cheaper, but companies stopped buying back their shares by and large.
Now, buybacks have moved up quite swiftly, hitting, according to S&P's latest data, $159 billion in the first quarter of 2014.
Glaser: You mentioned that management teams often do these buybacks at inopportune times. Is this happening again? Do you think management is putting all this money to work at possibly a pretty bad time and toward the market peak?
Peters: I think that's a real risk. I can't look at this data and call a peak for the stock market. I think that would be premature and also insufficient evidence to make a case like that.
However, you do see this pattern, companies tend to buy back their shares en masse, in very large quantities when prices are high, and they are not buying their shares back when prices are low. And it makes perfect sense; when companies are flushed with cash or generating more cash than they know what to do with, that probably means stock price is up quite a bit, as well. So, you have this sort of automatic problem that's built into the buyback issue.
Companies don't have the money to buy back their shares when they are cheap. And in fact, what we saw in the last cycle is that banks, which very heavily repurchased shares in the years leading up to the crash, were reissuing those shares often at a fraction of the price that the banks had paid in order to shore up their balance sheets. And shareholders got massively diluted by that.
I frankly would much prefer that if companies have excess cash, they payout special dividends. I understand you don't want to raise your regular dividends so high that it becomes unsustainable in the next downturn. But if we are just here and now, you've got more cash than you need, payout a dividend to everybody. Why do you only want to give the cash that's being returned by the company to shareholders to the former shareholders? Why not reward all shareholders equally with the dividend?
A mutual fund manager of T. Rowe Price, named Tom Huber, I sat with him on a panel at our investment conference recently. He put it this way, "Why do we want to reward the companies that paid people to go away?" I think that's a brilliant way of distilling how people should look at buybacks. They should be fairly skeptical.
Glaser: If you are a dividend-focused investor then, should you see buybacks as a red flag at a company that maybe the dividend isn't going to rise as much as you expected or that they are not as committed to it as you might hope?
Peters: What you hope for with share buybacks is that you will get more dividend growth on a per-share basis. For example, you take a company like General Mills. This year they'll probably pay out enough dividends to provide the stock with about a 3% yield, and they'll also in all likelihood buyback enough shares that they'll reduce the share count by at least another 2%.
Next year, when they get around to setting the dividend they should have the benefit of both the internal growth of the business itself at the bottom line as well as a smaller number of shares with which to distribute those dividends over. So you wind up with maybe a 2% bigger dividend increase than you would have gotten otherwise, call that maybe 7% instead of 5% or 8% instead of 6%.
Where I have a problem is when you see companies devote overwhelmingly larger resources to the buybacks than the dividends. In fact, earlier this year, I sold a bank that frankly I like, U.S. Bancorp, because buybacks have taken precedence. The dividend is providing only about a 2% yield. They only raised it 6.5% this year. They want to stay apparently below regulators' 30% cap on payout ratios even though some other banks like Wells Fargo have pushed now beyond that in order to provide larger dividends. Instead U.S. Bank is going to buyback that much more stock. Maybe that appeals to some shareholders, but I am not going to confuse it for an actual dividend payment that puts cash in my account.
At the end of this whole process, you have to remember that's essentially an identity. If a company has spent enough money to buy back 1% of its total number of shares outstanding, it also had enough money that it could have provided shareholders with exactly a 1% higher dividend yield.
Some people get real bent out of shape about taxes and the fact that only people who sell into a buyback are taxed. Then they only claim capital gains, so there is a cost basis involved, and it is more tax-efficient. That's really the only justification I can come up with buybacks, and it's a pretty poor one. It's not the job of a company to minimize its shareholders' tax liabilities.
Shareholders have plenty of choices, plenty of options to try to manage their own taxes, and it is really none of a company's business. I mean, who did a better job minimizing the shareholders tax liabilities than the crooks who ran WorldCom and Enron? Maximize and optimize the flow of earnings and dividends back to the shareholders; let everybody else take care of taxes from there.
Glaser: The buyback trend you think could continue, but not necessarily to the benefit of many investors?
Peters: What I'd like to think is that over time, we are going to see a shift. Right now, data from the first quarter this year, companies spent almost double the amount on buybacks that they spent on dividends.
That's consistent actually with where we've been for a while. However, going forward as more people retire and retiring baby boomers are leaning more heavily on income in their portfolios to fund withdrawals so that they can support their lifestyles in retirement, I think the math is going to change. I think that companies that pay good dividends are going to be rewarded by shareholders, and companies that continue to emphasize buybacks at the expense of dividends or to the exclusion of dividends might actually suffer in that kind of comparison. This will play out perhaps over the next 10-20 years.
The good news is that there are enough companies--maybe we're only talking about a few dozen that would have worked for our portfolios--but there are enough companies that have high-quality businesses and good balance in their dividend policies. Buybacks may play a role, but putting that good dividend out there and then growing it, keeping it safe, those are the first priorities for a company's cash, and fair prices, that you can build a good portfolio even today, even as much as the stock market's gone up, and even as much as buybacks themselves might be driving stock prices higher.
Glaser: Josh, I appreciate your thoughts on this today.
Peters: Thank you too, Jeremy.
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©2014 Morningstar Advisor. All right reserved. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '92', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9716641902923584}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '71103', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:J4ZRP56EBQFL3U6IDE7QPVFESFGTSX2P', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:32ec3102-4eb9-4d0c-8f81-c98fa71c3b9d>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2015, 5, 25, 5, 52, 20), 'WARC-IP-Address': '23.202.205.252', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:6MKSSWZDFSF3O2OVSOVWR3VTGROUISTC', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:c13ce911-cd61-4a90-94fa-9ab5d3279f84>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.morningstar.com/advisor/v/94273141/the-downside-of-share-buybacks.htm', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:2191d210-7213-4aae-9aeb-127b5a346b42>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1715', 'url': 'http://www.morningstar.com/advisor/v/94273141/the-downside-of-share-buybacks.htm', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-180-206-219.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2015-22\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May 2015\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.23345988988876343', 'original_id': 'c98e8b39e74e2fda855d197bc68e5a1e0adc26d5e4b0b1c60bf93cf5dfd24d72'} |
Mimi Says, “I Love Being Spayed.”
close up photo of a black cat
Mimi tells her story
Mimi, supermom of at least six litters, is now a happy housecat extolling the virtues of spayed bliss.
“I used to love my assignations in the neighbor’s driveway, then feeling my kittens grow and giving birth and nurturing them, it was all so easy,” Mimi says. “But when I realized I wasn’t the only one giving birth to a dozen kittens each year, and what happened to many of them and their mothers…I’m embarrassed at my behavior and sad for cats who lost their lives because of me.”
If you won’t listen to a person about spaying your cat, listen to the cat herself. Mimi gives us 30 good reasons to spay your cat and hopes that you’ll celebrate Spay Day USA on February 28 by either getting your cat spayed or convincing someone else to get their cat spayed.
Mimi’s 30 Reasons to Spay Your Cat
1. Eventually, she will outsmart you and get out the door.
2. Your kittens are no cuter than any other kittens in the world.
3. About 3,000 kittens and puppies are born every hour in the United States.
4. If you want your kids to see the miracle of life, have your own babies.
5. It’s not good for a cat to have a litter before she’s spayed, in fact, it’s bad for her health.
[You may already know these things.]
6. Having your cat spayed after she is one year or after having kittens puts her at highest risk of developing breast cancer later in life.
7. Having a cat spayed before her first heat reduces her chances of developing breast cancer later in life to almost nothing.
8. Nearly every city has a low-cost spay/neuter clinic or program that works on a sliding fee scale.
9. An unspayed female cat is more likely to do two of the things humans don’t like cats to do—scratch furniture and spray, and, yes, females do spray.
10. A spayed female outlives an unspayed female for an average of two years, and without the health problems associated with reproductive cancers.
[Apparently, many people do not.]
11. An unspayed cat can have an average of three litters per year.
12. Cats have litters of four to six kittens.
13. Kittens can go into their first heat as young as 4 months.
14. No, it’s not incest when brother and sister cats or mother and son cats have sex.
15. In two years, I produced 24 kittens, and have no idea what my children did once they were out of my care.
[Find some of these people and give them this list.]
16. At least 70% of all cats entering shelters in the United States are euthanized because there are no homes for them.
17. It costs a city more in taxpayer dollars to round up, house, euthanize and dispose of a homeless cat than it does to spay it.
18. Every shelter in the United States is overrun with kittens every summer necessitating the euthanasia of otherwise healthy cats—and dogs—to care for and place the kittens.
19. At least three million animals are killed in shelters every year because there are no homes for them and no space in shelters.
20. Someone has to decide who dies, and someone has to kill them, letting your cat have a litter of kittens forces a person to make this decision.
[All of this information is available from your local shelter and on the internet.]
21. A cat is “polyestrous” and can go into heat—and conceive—the day after giving birth to a litter of kittens; nursing does not prevent or delay her heat cycle.
22. All kittens are cute, and the world already has enough of them.
23. Cats respond hormonally to day length and can go into heat as early as Valentine’s Day.
24. Momcats and kittens don’t get along well on their own outside, so don’t dump them in the woods instead of taking them to a shelter.
25. Spaying your cat will not make her fat. Feeding her too much will make her fat.
[Let’s make 2012 the year we eliminate “kitten season”.]
26. Cats don’t have heat “cycles”, so once they go into heat, unless they find a male and mate, they can be in heat constantly, forever (or so it seems), in the least it is pretty unpredictable.
27. Spayed cats have absolutely no chance of developing uterine or ovarian cancer because those parts are removed.
28. Spayed cats can’t develop pyometra, a critical and common uterine infection, because they have no uterus.
29. You can safely spay a cat who is pregnant up to a certain point rather than contribute to overpopulation.
30. The male cats coming to court your unspayed female will seriously mess up your storm door, and probably each other fighting for dominance.
photo of black cat in the sun on a wooden floor
Time for a nap in the sun.
[I only stopped at 30 because…*yawn*…I need to take a nap.]
Also read “Help to Avoid Feline Breast Cancer by Spaying Early“, inspired by and featuring me for more information on feline breast cancer and other reproductive illnesses plus links to spay/neuter clinics in Pittsburgh and around the country. And, featuring one of my former suitors, I also remind you that The Boys Don’t Get Off the Hook.
Find a low-cost clinic near you, have your cat spayed, encourage someone else to, spay and neuter a few stray or feral cats, or support a local clinic
Referenced in various articles that encourage spay and neuter for pets, includes the lowest-cost spay and neuter in the city, a link to stray/feral cat clinics and searchable databases of spay/neuter clinics all over the country.
You can also do a search on “Spay Day USA” or any topic in this list and find plenty of information on the internet.
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Authorities find $1M worth of meth disguised as candy (VIDEO)
By Jennifer Cruz
A call about a possible burglary in progress in a Harris County subdivision Monday afternoon led authorities in Texas to the discovery of some $1 million worth of methamphetamine disguised as lollipops and other candy.
Deputies responding to the call stopped Evonne Mick and David Salinas, who appeared to have stolen so much “candy” from the home that the duo couldn’t close the trunk to the car they were driving. Further investigation revealed that the candy was anything but.
SWAT, as well as a HAZMAT team, were called in to search the home targeted for the burglary, which is believed to be where the meth was manufactured.
The discovery left neighbors concerned to say the least, especially considering the home’s close proximity to a school. Lt. Ruben Diaz with the Harris County Sheriff’s Office noted that even if the drugs were not sold directly to children, they pose a tremendous threat because the “candy” made of meth could easily be picked up by a child thinking it was regular candy.
[ KHOU ]
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Thursday, May 14, 2009
The True Value Of Pets
Can you place a monetary value on pets? Many people do. "I paid $1200 for my labadoodle!" "This was a free cat, so I ain't spending much money on her." "It's just a guinea pig. Your office visit is more expensive than buying a new one." Lawyers also put a specific value to a pet's legal worth, which normally isn't much. Here in the US pets are considered a special form of property, and therefore people aren't entitled to settlements for more than the replacement value, or possibly the future breeding revenue. However, I don't think this really give the true value on pets. Whether or not somebody finds "value" in a pet is more a factor of emotional bonding, and may not have anything to do with how much they paid to get that pet.
Back in march I saw a hamster for a lump on its chest. It ended up being an abscess, which I drained and then put the hamster (Bob) on antibiotics. The way abscesses form in rodents, the material is very thick and doesn't come out easily. This means that there is a pretty decent chance that the infection will return and will have to be surgically removed. That happened with Bob. When they brought him back in for a recheck, the abscesses had fuly returned and I told them we were going to have to do surgery. After some discussion they agreed, and on Tuesday we had him back in to take them off. Once I had this 39 gram hamster anesthetised I noticed tha the abscesses were more wide-spread than I had first thought, and some of them were small but inoperable. I called them and said that I did not recommend going through with the surgery because of the high likelyhood of more cropping up at a later time. However, they insisted on it so I proceeded. That little guy underwent extensive surgery to remove as many abscesses as I could, taking longer than a large dog neuter, and using more suture material than I use in an average spay.
The first time I saw Bob the visit cost the owners about $60. The follow-up was $35. The surgery was $210. A total of a little over $300 over two months for a $15 hamster. And this isn't the first time that I've seen this. I had a client spend close to $400 for diagnostics and amputation of his hamster's food because of an unusual tumor. I had a client spend $80 on a skin problem for a mouse that she had originally purchased to feed her snake and ended up becoming attached to. And I've seen people who bought dogs for $800 that wouldn't spend $30 twice a year for heartworm prevention.
A pet's "worth" or "value" has little to do with their price tag, and more to do with the bond and emotional attachment. People consider something valuable for reasons other than money, and pets are no exception. Someone can be willing to spend much more or much less than what they paid to get that pet. And someone may be willing to spend hundreds to help a very small hamster. Personally, I think that bond between a person and a pet is invaluable, and I strongly admire anyone who sees a pet's life as worth more than what they have in their bank account.
Oh, and Bob is doing well and was runing around like nothing was wrong the next day. Now we have to hope that his antibiotics clear up what I couldn't remove and he continues to have a normal life.
1. I fully agree-and have a lot of the proof living in my household. We don't have any expensive pets but most of them I'd spend any amount of money on to take care of. Some of them I already have! My "free" stray cat I adopted from the clinic had a diaprhagmatic hernia last year and had emergency surgery and a 2 day stay at the university ICU and my geriatric border collie mix needed an MRI two years ago...
2. Both my dogs have cost me a fortune in the vets for various reasons. I don't relate that to the cost of them at all - £100 for one, £30 for the other - as did my first dog who was free!
The value of a dog is the joy they bring to me, and being able to bring joy to them too.
I once had some gerbils neutured so they could live happily together - after a shop sold me m/f instead of f/f I asked for. Price too much for a £5 pair of rodents? Don't think so!
3. I couldn't agree more with the topic of this blog.
My big dog was $20 for an adoption fee (an additional $30 was required as a deposit until his neuter, but I declined it and opted for it to be a donation).
In the two years that I've had him, I've shelled out money for a neuter, hip surgery, a minor GI problem and professional training... and I'd do it all again if it means the quality of his life is improved.
I think Mina said it perfectly, the value of my dog is the joy he brings to my life.
4. I couldn't agree better with this topic too.
My little hammie, Piggy, costs me only 8bucks. But yesterday, I discovered a lump in her chest area and I booked an appointment with the vet immediately.
I'd spend any amount, even if it can buy me another 50 more new hammies, just so Piggy can live healthily and be happy because I love her so dearly...
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#Blogtober: Lottery edition
It's no secret that I've been in a blog rut here lately, so when I saw the #blogtober today with Helene and Taylor I decided to jump in!
Helene in Between Blogtober
Today's prompt is what I would do if I won the lottery. So, hubs and I talk about this CONSTANTLY, as he buys Powerball tickets weekly.
First off, we would pay off our house and do all the updates/renovations, etc. that we have planned. That's our only debt. We would also go ahead and buy new vehicles and likely an RV so we can do a lot of traveling!
Ideally, we wouldn't have to work ever again unless we wanted to. I'm sure I would get bored and do some volunteering. But to make sure we were OK and didn't become a curse of the lottery, we would be sure to invest a big chunk of the money and leave it for our kids/grandkids, and hopefully just live off the interest! So we wouldn't live all that extravagantly - just live without debt but have a comfortable income every year.
Here are the prompts for the rest of the month! I'm excited!
Pin It
1 comment:
1. Sounds like you guys have a great plan! I talk about this all the time with my fiancee too. I would probably still work, but I know for a fact I'd go into my job and tell my managers that I want my hours cut back to at least 2 or 3 days a week instead of 5 to 6 days that I work currently!
Thanks so much for stopping by! I love comments :) | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.97858726978302}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '105185', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:W4YOH4F25WNNEMJAAPIP6DOKG4BNCKQH', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:bd67d6c0-f8c8-4f08-b9b6-b9156efa698f>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 9, 21, 12, 26, 51), 'WARC-IP-Address': '172.217.3.33', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:TRSQO6ZHJQDR5QODWY25AI3EK7G474IL', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:ab1bb46a-17c8-4c68-98f6-91db856f5e1b>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://semohomesweethome.blogspot.com/2014/10/blogtober-lottery-edition.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:0e541572-03e5-4ad5-ace2-78d4d38618b3>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '273', 'url': 'http://semohomesweethome.blogspot.com/2014/10/blogtober-lottery-edition.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-31-62-84.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-39\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.08344686031341553', 'original_id': '4be637cd7e85cf9f96d14c0c2010d2121cebe325195a1d2fd25ed501c95ae016'} |
Monday, November 23, 2009
Dragon’s anatomy
Dragon Tears: When Dragons shed a tear, which Dragons do only very rarely, these tears will change into precious stones and crystals when they reach the earth. Each Dragon has a different crystal or precious stone. Dragon’s tears can also heal most illness. There is a prise to pay for these tears that needs to be considered before you ask for them. Sometimes a Dragon’s Tear will be given without payment being asked for but again beware as this could come later.
Dragon’s Breath: Most Dragons can breathe fire (Water Dragons are the only dragons that can not breathe fire) which can of course be used to harm or to heal, but Dragon’s Breath can be used to go from one world to the next. Dragon’s will breathe over you and a mist will form, you then step into this mist and when the mist clears you will be either in a different world or time frame or a different place in the same world. This is something that the Dragons will do if they feel you need to see a new world to get a different prospective on a lesson they are teaching you or if you need to maybe see where you will be in say 10 years time if you do not change what they are telling needs changing. Dragons will also do this to objects that they wish to bring into our world for us to use.
Dragon’s Talons: The talons of most Dragons are extremely sharp, these are used to catch and tear up prey. Dragons also use their talons in mating flights, the male Dragon uses his talons to catch hold of the female Dragon’s shoulders just where their wings are, and this then enables the males to mate without fear of injury. Female Dragons use their in the mating flights to ward off any other females in the area or to stop the males advances.
The Talons of a Dragon can be given to a warrior to form the blade of their daggers or swords if the Dragon is an older Dragon. These weapons would always strike true and the blades would never lose their edge. These daggers and swords were and still are much sort after.
Dragon’s Blood: Dragons blood is a very powerful force. It can be used for warding off evil and is often used in spells for protection and cleansing. Dragons will not give their blood to humans very often, even one they have been working with for a long time as the act of giving their blood to you is seen by the Dragons as a “Blood Rite”. In other words you become one with that Dragon. This is not something that is under taken lightly. Your need must be very great indeed to ask this of a Dragon and you can ask but you may not be given. The “Blood Rite” is performed on a Full Moon and not something that a 1st Degree advocate should attempt. Dragon’s blood is not red like ours but a light green in colour. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9564071297645568}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '34819', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:V6OQ55X7CBIOK5NFQHWTEHKWASWK33SW', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:830f948f-64b4-4b66-b38c-79f016026041>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 12, 13, 16, 24, 57), 'WARC-IP-Address': '216.58.218.225', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:DXNJ2PTB7XP6YPYWKVAHMWOYW2XG233Q', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:2ea7c3fa-8891-477f-9ebe-4fda0dd83cc2>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://b-jewelled-dragon.blogspot.com/2009/11/?widgetType=BlogArchive&widgetId=BlogArchive1&action=toggle&dir=open&toggle=MONTHLY-1254319200000&toggleopen=MONTHLY-1256994000000', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:62de8daa-2047-48ae-9b1b-15db5d111ccc>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '521', 'url': 'http://b-jewelled-dragon.blogspot.com/2009/11/?widgetType=BlogArchive&widgetId=BlogArchive1&action=toggle&dir=open&toggle=MONTHLY-1254319200000&toggleopen=MONTHLY-1256994000000', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-51\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for December 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-180-67-225.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.04799854755401611', 'original_id': '551439e08f3333873fa5994947988300a8efdcd0cb283e1b75e68ea4a05dfc9b'} |
Monday, October 28, 2013
For the Love of Books
The shelves over at Surface Fragments.
Hey readers, I sent out a request on my Facebook page for people to send me photos of their shelves and guess what: it appears we have some avid book collectors out there. Here is a glimpse at the shelves of some of them. I've tried to link to each of the titles, but I couldn't possibly link to them all, as I do occasionally have other stuff to do.
Inevitably of course, there are a lot of Amazon links. Do make sure to support your local bookstore, however. A lot of these titles can be found there. I've picked up many of the titles on display here by visiting second-hand bookstores wherever I go. My favorite site for buying books is Go there first, plug in the title, and browse from second-hand sellers across the country. Often, I've grabbed titles for as little as $0.01 and simply had to pay for shipping. Happy browsing, people!
[By the way, I did an entire post on artist and author Pierre Finkelstein's bookshelves, which can be found here.]
Situated in the heart of the ancient city of Florence, is a studio school specializing in the finest artisan creations and teaching students traditional Italian decorative arts. The shelves are predictably bursting with mouth-watering Italian titles.
Top shelf:
Abruzzo, pub. Gruppomontepaschi
Bottom shelf:
Fasto di Corte (mural decorations of the Medici residence)
Mille Mobili Veneti (Venetian furniture from XV - XIX Century)
Sharon Leichsenring
Sharon Leichsenring has got some real classics of the decorative arts on her shelves, each one of them a great reference for the working decorative artist.
Theresa Cheek
Theresa Cheek, of art's the answer blog, has a massive collection of books and as you can tell from this small photo, she actually uses them!
Demeures Peintes, by Pascal Amblard (Pascal's shelves appear below)
Décors Peints et Trompe-l'oeil, by Jean Sablé (a great book by a master of the craft)
Santa Maria Novella (Home of Massaccio's Trinity among other spectacular murals)
Steve Shriver
Anyone who doesn't know the awesome Steve Shriver (aka art + works) should do themselves a favor and like his Facebook page, and don't forget to dig through all his Flickr sets too. His generosity with knowledge is inspirational, and he's the source of many fantastic reference photos. Not surprisingly, he's got more than a few good reads on his shelves.
In Stabiano, Exploring the Ancient Seaside Villas of the Roman Elite
Art and Illusion, the classic tome by Ernst Gombrich
The Sense of Order, E. H. Gombrich, another fascinating read by Gombrich.
Fred Cox
Fred Cox is a great mural artist, blog reader and an avid book collector based in Atlanta. His collection of large format antique decorative folios is stellar, but you won't find them on Amazon. Here is a glimpse of some of his more terrestrial titles that you will find interesting.
Drawings of the Masters, French Drawings (15th C. through Gericault)
Fred Cox
Fred Cox
Pascal Amblard
Pascal Amblard is a world-renowned artist, teacher and author. Basically, he's really really good, and you should know his work. What inspires an artist like Pascal? An eclectic mix for sure...
Fragonard, one of Pascal's favorite artists, makes an immediate appearance.
Followed by the irrepressible Veronese, Henry Francis du Pont's Winterthur Museuem.
and Betty Edwards' perennial favorite, Drawing on the Right Side of the Brain
Pierre Finkelstein wrote pretty much the best book out there on decorative painting; The Art of Faux. It's on everybody's shelves, or at least it should be.
I don't have this one, but the Amazon description makes me very curious: The Fabric of Vision by Anne Hollander.
Splash 2: Watercolor Breakthroughs (Wolf): The Splash series focuses on artists working in watercolor, highlighting their technique. Pascal's use of casein can be seen to have technical parallels in gouache and watercolor, so it's no surprise that he'd be curious about this material.
Pascal Amblard
Espace d'Art - Arts d'Espace
Les Enduits Decoratifs
Stolar, Tabureiter & Fatoljer [I've linked to the English Ed. of thiis fantastic book by Lars & Ursula Sjoberg]
Classical Painting Atelier, Aristides {get this, and her other books - indispensible]
Chateaux de Famille
Anders Zorn
The Library of Congress, Art & Architecture of the Thomas Jefferson Building
Roomscapes {Hopefully you picked up a copy of this when it was cheap]
Garden Ornament [Great black and white reference photos for murals]
Du Maroc Aux Indes [I linked to books on Orientalist painting, as the French edition is $$$$]
The Most Beautiful Villages of Tuscany
Les Plus Belles Demeures d'Italie
Roma/ Villa Medici, pub. FMR
Alberto Pinto, Classics
Images de Venice
Classical Architecture, pub. Porphyrios
La Grande Decorazione a Genova
Jean-Loup Daraux
Charles Bargue
Pascal Amblard
Noel Donnellan
Decorative artist Noel Donnellan sent some fantastic shots of his collection. Here are just a couple with links to titles that caught my eye.
Noel Donnellan
Hugh Alan Luck
Thanks, Hugh, for the lovely clear shot of some excellent titles, including the newly released Rufus Porter Murals. Folks, you're just going to have to dig for yourselves for these. I have to go back to work. There's enough here for any book lover to have palpitations running up the credit card bill.
A huge thank you to everyone who sent in photos. I feel as though I've left a couple of people out, including Lynne Rutter of The Ornamentalist blog. But Lynne, in true bibliophile mode, has compiled all her titles on Library Thing for easy browsing. Be sure to check it out.
Mark Ruffner, of "All Things Ruffnerian" blog
Jeff Huckaby
Jeff Huckaby
Saturday, October 12, 2013
The Story of Red Ochre
Alan Friedman's stunning sun photography
There's an alchemy that happens in painting, but it's the exact opposite of what you might think. Accept for one moment that the vast majority of paintings in the world are absolute shite. There are exceptions, but I know I've yet to paint one. Every time I load up my brush with pigments forged in the belly of dying stars a bazillion light years away from Earth, and then go on to paint some stupid pet portrait, I wake up screaming and think of Dryden's "all this is monstrous; 'tis out of nature, 'tis an excrescence."
Sometimes the night sky is just a bunch of dots to me, but if for a moment I forget that I'm a cynical old bastard and remember gazing up as a kid, I think of Hamlet. His old chestnut about the sky being a "brave o'erhanging firmament," a "majestical roof fretted with golden fire" starts making sense and reminds me that as a painter I'm making something mundane from something magical, and not the other way around.
Mars way back when [source]
The Story of Red Earth: Echoes from Outer Space
Take red oxide, or ocher, (or ochre as I grew up spelling it) for example. A pretty common pigment if ever there was one. Yes, I know it was sacred to primitive peoples, but these days it's as common as dirt. The thing is: there wouldn't be a single iron molecule on this earth if it wasn't shot here billenia ago on some cosmic dust storm. Mars is riddled with the stuff, and shoots a kilo of it to us every single day. The likes of the Willamette meteorite deposited 15 tons in one go. The hearts of dying stars are the only furnaces hot enough to create heavy elements like iron. "During a supernova, when a massive star explodes at the end of its life, the resulting high energy environment enables the creation of some of the heaviest elements including iron." [source]
Mining red oxide [source]
Those elements got blasted all the way across interstellar space and helped form Earth. Every heavy element did, past about Number 26 on the Periodic table (you remember chemistry don't you?). There are carbon molecules in your breath that were breathed in by dinosaurs, and some of those same molecules as you exhale will be breathed back in by your great, great, great grandchildren. All of them came from stars.
Flinders Petrie living the dream. If your dream is to live in a tomb, that is.
In Siberia, falling meteorites were tracked across the sky by locals who followed them and mined them for their black shiny space rock. They weren't the first ones to do it though [paint grinding equipment has been found up to 400,000 years old]. 5,000 years ago, Egyptians wore jewelry made out of lapis lazuli from Afghanistan, and iron beads from meteoric rock most likely from Mars.
Flinders Petrie was an Egyptologist of the Indiana Jones mold, who enjoyed sleeping in rock tombs on cliff faces whilst surveying pyramids. Despite ridicule by old guard archeologists for his unconventional ways, his discovery of these extra-terrestrial iron artefacts whilst excavating Egyptian tombs a hundred years ago is his lasting legacy. Poor old Petrie met an ignominious end however, his severed head stuffed in a jar and left on a shelf, like so many of his museum specimens. Believing in his own genius [he once "built a camera out of biscuit tins and in order to save time drew his findings with both hands at the same time, wielding a pencil in each"], he bequeathed his head to future generations for study, but sadly it ended up being forgotten in a college basement where the label eventually fell off the jar. I guess they stored it next to the Octabong.
The Octabong. god help us all
A friend of Petrie's, asked to identify his head, said, "I arrived armed with photographs of him. A laboratory technician brought me the head, took it out of the jar and put it on a plate in front of me. I was a bit embarrassed. I think [the technician] was a little strange because he asked me if I wanted to see the cut. We archaeologists love to see [such things] but not this type exactly. He showed it to me and opened Petrie's eyes. They were bright blue." But now I'm getting sidetracked...
'Burns Cliff' on Mars, showing groundwater-carved features
[Roman fresco, Boscoreale]
Dating Frescos Using Red Oxide
Waxing poetic for a moment, iron oxide communicates its cosmic origin to us quite clearly. According to Victoria Finlay, "scientists in Italy have found a new technique for dating frescos almost to the year they were painted, simply by examining the red paint.
"'Red ochre contains iron, and the iron molecules act like compass needles explained Professor Giaconio Chiari of the Department of Minerological and Petrological Sciences at the University of Turin.
"He said that in the few minutes between daubing red ochre on to wet clay, and the time it dries, the molecules realign themselves towards the direction of magnetic north.
"'And if you don't move the walls then that is how they stay/ Professor Chiari said. Magnetic north changes every year - it can fluctuate over a range of 18 degrees, so you can learn when the fresco was painted from the direction in which the red ochre is pointing. This can lead to curious artistic discoveries: at the Vatican Library, for example, there were three frescos which were believed to have been painted in 1585, 1621 and 1660. The scientists took tiny samples from the borders to see whether they could test their theory. 'We couldn't understand the results. All the ochre was pointing the same way and it wasn't in any of the ways we were expecting,' Professor Chiari said.
"And then they did more tests and realised the truth: the frescos were original, but all the borders had been repainted in 1870. Magnetic north is very erratic, though, Professor Chiari added. (So we can do it both ways: we sometimes use frescos - if we know when they were painted - to tell us where magnetic north was that year.' "
Himba women, Tony McNicol photographer
"He was not aware of the technique being used to date bodies that had been painted in red ochre - as has been a funerary custom in Australia, Africa, America and Europe for thousands of years. Partly because nobody could be sure whether the body had been moved after the ochre had dried and partly because the burials had happened too far in the past. 'You can't go too far back because we don't know so much about magnetic north thousands of years ago.'"
Vulcanologists have even reported iron-rich rocks twisting to line up their poles with our magnetic field. I love the idea of them lining up as if answering some sort of intergalactic call, facing north at the aurora that signal the portal for interstellar winds carrying plasma and particles from exploding supernovae.
Regarding the whole 'painter as alchemist' thing: Considering the galactic origins of the artist's materials and the subsequent and often excruciating "art" that comes of it, the only question is: Is it still considered alchemy if you turn gold into crap? | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '129', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9472013115882874}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '173454', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:PPTGZ5QLMGPKRMQTIJPWUODYTE6JYXEX', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:230bf99e-e80f-45d7-b914-e06de18c582a>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 12, 10, 21, 12, 4), 'WARC-IP-Address': '172.217.5.225', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:GEZVXEGVFHK34UU37XCL4FXSNILR6ZVH', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:fd029767-4423-48ed-acd7-ed2906d82425>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://surfacefragments.blogspot.com/2013/10/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:5c3e0cb1-1aee-4a47-9656-532f36f0f8de>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '2201', 'url': 'http://surfacefragments.blogspot.com/2013/10/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-51\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for December 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-150-135-54.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.024808228015899658', 'original_id': 'e28e30c3d8f02ae64aed6b849b7974a6a91bc9e53f4861a6a1410bb07bd72b08'} |
Marvin Boyd - 1 Records Found in Bay Saint Louis, MS
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New Evidence That Racism Isn’t ‘Natural’
Robert Wright, The Atlantic, October 17, 2012
There’s never been good reason to believe that human beings are naturally racist. After all, in the environment of human evolution—which didn’t feature, for example, jet travel to other continents—there would have been virtually no encounters between groups that had different skin colors or other conspicuous physical differences. So it’s not as if the human lineage could have plausibly developed, by evolutionary adaptation, an instinctive reaction to members of different races.
Well, whatever power that kind of argument ever had—which wasn’t much, since the fact that a psychological reaction has a biological correlate doesn’t tell you whether the reaction is innate—it has even less power now. In a paper that will be published in the Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, Eva Telzer of UCLA and three other researchers report that they’ve performed these amygdala studies—which had previously been done on adults—on children. And they found something interesting: the racial sensitivity of the amygdala doesn’t kick in until around age 14.
What’s more: once it kicks in, it doesn’t kick in equally for everybody. The more racially diverse your peer group, the less strong the amygdala effect. At really high levels of diversity, the effect disappeared entirely. The authors of the study write that “these findings suggest that neural biases to race are not innate and that race is a social construction, learned over time.”
I’m not a blank slater; I don’t believe that we’re born innocent, and only develop a dark side after bad tendencies are engrained by evil capitalists, or evil patriarchs, or evil warmongers, or evil whatevers. I think that, though we’re not naturally racist, we’re naturally “groupist.” Evolution seems to have inclined us to readily define whole groups of people as the enemy, after which we can find their suffering, even death, very easy to countenance and even facilitate.
It’s in this sense that race is a “social construct.” It’s not a category that’s inherently correlated with our patterns of fear or mistrust or hatred, though, obviously, it can become one. So it’s within our power to construct a society in which race isn’t a meaningful construct.
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• Fine, not all GROUPS are equal. Group A – Europeans/Europe , Group B – Africans/Africa
Any questions?
• JohnEngelman
According to Professor Rushton, who spoke at six American Renaissance conferences, it goes like this: Group A – Orientals, Group B – whites, Group C – blacks.
He did not mention the Ashkenazim, but he should have placed them before Orientals. The Ashkenazic Jews are the most evolved racial group in existence.
• Franklin_Ryckaert
“Most evolved” in what sense? When we are talking about CREATIVITY, then White Europeans are clearly at the top, above Asians and above the “most evolved” Ashkenazis, who have contributed little to world civilization.
• JohnEngelman
• Bad_Mr_Frosty
All of them conducting their research in Western labs and using calculations and theorems developed by White Western men.
• They have been practicing their own form of eugenics over centuries, what did you expect? Did you think the parents of a bright Talmudic scholar would allow their son to marry into just ANY family? Being a minority in every part of the world would hone anyone’s survival/networking skills.
• JohnEngelman
What matters is that the Ashkenazim are a biologically superior race.
• Purestocles
Virtually every white person who grew up attending integrated schools will testify that black kids did not begin to mistreat them until puberty. There’s just something about the hormones kicking in and it has nothing to do with “white men terrified of their women being attracted by “scary” black sexuality. Puberty is when black kids begin congregating in gangs and many a white guy will tell you “Gee, Tyrone is real nice to me when we’re one on one, but in front of his bros he ignores me or won’t come to my defense when one of his bros threatens me. What happened?”
Of course the answer is that blacks are, were and always will be more racist than whites.
• Blacks are so weak individually, that the only way they can accomplish ANYTHING is by congregating in large groups. Individuality and individual success are largely hallmarks of European man, born out of the fires of the Renaissance
• 1911ThePunisher45
When I lived in Belleville Illinois(Three blocks away from East.St.Louis) Blacks would always shoot their mouth off to me in front of their buddies. However those same blacks would literally run from me, or not get out of their car when we were up at the gas station just mano a mano. I’m so sick of everyone thinking their these uber tough athlete sex stallions, every one I’ve ever met, with only 2 exceptions, have been cowards.
Even if I lost a fight to them, the only time a rematch was possible was when they had their friends around them. They never fought for the honor of the fight. Just for bragging rights infront of their friends, and if you did’nt bring your friends, you’d get jumped(mob attacked). I hate it when White women say black men are stronger and tougher.
• Ulick
This video was recently released. Some black was on the bus hollering racial slurs, intimidating whites, and threatening to kill them. Little did the tough acting black know that one of the people on the bus is a pro wrestler. The black guy soon learned the hard way via a rare cjokehold that he’s not so tough after all. The wrestler’s parents immigrated to America from Iran so he’s Persian, but a moral, upstanding Persian is vastly superior to a black thug.
• I have met many Persians over the years, and can say the best of them are as good as the best of any group- and – as a group- they are the single most educated (in terms of degrees) of ALL immigrant groups.
• Jed Sant Devi
Now we finally have proof: Security guards and robbery victims are RACISTS!
• Net_Drifter
This is just syntax.
Groups divided by race(s)equals obvious differences to the average person until ‘groups like this guy belongs to coerce them to change their minds.
• 1911ThePunisher45
Basically the jest of this story as I understand it, is this; Scientific studies show that as soon as sexual maturity hits, people start to desire their own in a sexual reproductive way, and see others that are visable not like them as a threat to their genetic lineage. How is that not natural?
I watched that PBS special “Race in America” a few days ago, now please believe me when I say I have a very long fuse. I don’t go off very often(weight lifting helps) but when I do, it’s ugly. Now this whole show was an assault on the very right for whites to exist. Staring Tim Wise, and some other white yahoo, laughing while spewing “Whites have no culture, no identity, no white heritage, no positive history, no right to preserve their genetic bloodlines” and on and on. I got to the point where after 40 minutes of this, I Elvis’d my T.V. Funny thing about that, I hit Tim Wise right between the eyes.
I’ve never fully understood how far down the line the white race is in terms of it’s own genocide. That show has had me depressed ever since I watched it. How can a White man accually say, Whites don’t have any human rights? Why is everyone on this wretched planet trying to do us in? I say if we go…we take everyone else with us.
• Net_Drifter
Anything that white people do and create is white culture. There are still customs that have been carried over, and new ones created in the U.S., that are white culture. All the combined norms and values that were created fresh, and added to the older ones, in the U.S. are so ingrained in whites that they don’t realize them anymore. The U.S. is even an example of an overarching white culture with contributions by most white ethnic groups.
Timmy’s argument doesn’t make any sense. People can’t exist in a vacuum. For the most part, the only thing other cultures have done is to corrupt ours. Even black culture is partially a corruption of ours. In some ways the only culture is white/European.
• 1911ThePunisher45
Well I was wrong about the title. It was “Race 2012” you can watch the whole thing at Us White men created the modern world, and everything in it. As far as I’m concerned anyone with a phone, car, stereo, T.V., food, medicine, and freedom should thank us.
Feel free to watch that train wreck yourself, all it is, is a few jews, a few blacks, and a few hispanics gloating over the White demographic decline.
• Net_Drifter
I saw the very beginning of it, then flipped it. It’s not really worth it to me to get that angry and have nowhere to put it.
• I’m going to go off topic here- I like to do that. When I was a boy, I used to love reading things off of the banned book list. I love banned things: banned comic books, banned cartoons, banned novels, what have you. It’s not necessarily the content of the banned thing that interests me, it’s the reason why the particular thing was banned in the first place. Each culture and time has its own reasons for hiding things- something their afraid of. Tim Wise is listened to, because people are afraid to tell him he’s wrong. The Dalai Lama can walk into the White House and tell the President that he saw a vision of the many arms of Vishnu coming out of a tortilla and the President has to smile and pretend he’s making sense. The Dalai Lama isn’t simply a guy who has a different point of view, and oh, isn’t he lovely– he’s a primitive and everything he believes is wrong. If he believes the Earth goes around the Sun, it’s only because he saw it on television (both the television and the idea of a non-geocentric universe come from White men.)
There are things two men can talk about, and there are things they cannot, and that really irks me, because I am a blunt and honest man. I just throw everything onto the table. No one worries about offending me, and so I return the favor.
That’s not just true of Amren, but everywhere else on Earth, and it’s one of the reasons why we are approaching a very Dark Age. In order to discern the truth, it is necessary to discuss and debate all the figures, all the percentages, all the numbers. What If we were trying to launch a probe into the orbit of the planet Venus, and we were forbidden from speaking about the number 5? We’d end up with probe pieces smoking on a freeway in Jersey.
I just scratch my head sometimes, but we just have to keep rolling along.
• You sound like a nice guy, so please don’t take this the wrong way, but please, please don’t refer to people like Timothy Jacob Wise as “White.” He is not White. His father is jewish, as can be seen from his wikipedia page:
He is no more like you or I as we are to a black or a mexican. Wise and his people take care of their own, with their own agenda, and we have ours. We have nothing in common. If we disappeared off the planet, he would dance a dance of glee. He is a sickening piece of garbage. He is not part of our tribe. We are a glorious people.
• 1911ThePunisher45
trust me, I know jews are’nt white. If I really said how I feel about them my post would not last long. For all intensive pourposes I’m a White Nationalist.
As far as what you wrote, thats pretty much all it was, Tim Wiseguy, and his die-versity buddies gloating, I’m mean the were glowing over the fact the White demographic is rapidly declining. The worst part was when they got on the subject of mixed race people, I know how bad of an epidemic that is. I see it all the time, with a white grandmother happily accompaning her several mutt grandkids. I see it all the time in Illinois, and St.Louis. I’ve never understood how women can be so proud of miscegenation, and those kids are ALWAYS acting up.
I wonder what those women and children will do when the economy collapses, and big daddy government will have to stop the hand outs. No self respecting White man with food stores, and protection will ever consider stepping in to save them. They made their own bed, and will just have to sleep in it.
I don’t know if you can speak Russian/Slavic at all, but the very word “Slavic” means Glorious. Thats why I’m proud to call myself a Slav(Glory) even if thats just a third of me. German and Irish being the other 2/3. For us Whites; As the Hatebreed song goes “Never let it die”.
• The__Bobster
Tim Weiss isn’t wise….or White.
• Tim Wise is not white. he is at least partly jewish
• 1911ThePunisher45
Me, and Darryl were discussing that earlier, but you know how it is when the J-word comes up.
• Bad_Mr_Frosty
Did you read my post where I suggested you read “The Game” by Neil Strauss? Getting a little action might cool you down and prevent you from shooting more of your appliances…
• 1911ThePunisher45
Yeah I down Loaded the E-book, It’s kinda like an instruction book.. I used a 22 so I would’nt completly lose my hearing. It was an old T.V. and to be honest I’ve always wanted to do that.
• This is “science” ? Actually- what are they trying to prove ? From my personal experience, here in SE Europe, 100% White.
When I was 5-6 years old, I was standing in front of my house, dressed like like a boy-gunslinger (hat, “gun” etc.). Two blacks from non-aligned countries somewhere from Africa, who studied at local university college came along the street. I don’t remember anything, just my neighbor told my mother that they stopped near me & asked me if I wanted to shake hands with them. Sure, I replied & we shook hands. They departed, happy. I guess they wanted to check if there was some natural revulsion toward them in such a little boy. So, I guess- no revulsion.
Fast forward 8-10 yrs. Still, not much experience with blacks (either positive or negative). Just, I somehow naturally developed distance- not fierce animosity, nothing like that- and consciousness of significant difference with regard to them.
So, my conclusion would be- in completely “pure” environment, there is no racial revulsion when you’re, say, 5-8 yrs. But it begins to appear after you reach 15 or something like that. And I am talking about completely monoracial environment.
Then, I may be wrong. Many people I know don’t have any racial consciousness & are even pro-black, thanks to media indoctrination (poor blacks, slavery, Kunta Kinte etc.).
• Harumphty_Dumpty
Here’s a “group” that could use some help…the group of white Towson University students on whose behalf Jared Taylor spoke recently who are trying to form a white student union…their university apparently does not approve of white groups and has not yet funded them.
From the article:
For example: studies have found that when whites see black faces there is increased activity in the amygdala, a brain structure associated with emotion and, specifically, with THE DETECTION OF THREATS.
The amygdala’s response to African-American faces had been observed not just in European-American adults but in African-American adults (My caps)
Well duh. The author expected the amygdala to react only to one very specific kind of threat, but not to other perceived threats?
I know nothing about brain structure, but that seems to me an odd expectation.
• guest
More liberal nonsense “studies” from those who deny race, yet go on and on about white privilege. This is probably from the same kind of idiots who once told us whites that we can either be white or we can be human. Liberal science is false science.
• FinnyMac
Ah liberal Americans “discussing” race… the comedy writes itself:
“So it’s within our power to construct a society in which race isn’t a meaningful construct.”
• FinnyMac
Enter clown, stage left:
But Monsieur Wright, is it in our power to construct a constructed society in which anti-race constructs are not self-refuting and self-contradictory?
• Jed Sant Devi
We are racists against Arabs, in spite of their virtues:
Blacks in North Africa and Middle East Often Face Virulent Racism from Arabs
• FinnyMac
That’s true. Criticizing white Arabs is irrational and often secretly motivated by Zionism. In my experience the lighter-skinned Arabs are intelligent, spirited and they have an attractive look and demeanor. Sorry Fox News hacks!
• FinnyMac
That’s true, white Arabs are in my experience are very intelligent and civilized group and, like us, they are very suspicious of mass immigration from sub-Saharan Africa.
• Yeah, the pseudo-science majors are a tricky bunch to follow. They are like opposite ends of a giant magnet—their ideas can never seem to occupy the same space without violently being at odds with each other.
• Jed Sant Devi
We detect attainments beyond a bachelor’s degree.
• razorrare
Self-Hate isnt natural either…but little black girls do prefer White dolls…
• They look at the doll as a future “weave donor”
• Bad_Mr_Frosty
Disney has black and latina princesses now, nothing is sacred
• razorrare
And an excerpt taken from a William Pierce article…
Let me share with you a really disgusting story I read last week. It was
published in the January 19 edition of the San Jose Mercury News.
That’s San Jose, California. The writer, Katherine Corcoran, is a staff
member at the newspaper, a White woman, and she relates the soul-wrenching
experience she had after her seven-year-old daughter went to a San Jose toy
store with her aunt, looking for a Barbie doll. The little girl wanted to take a
White Barbie doll off the shelf, but there was a Black Barbie doll in front of
the White doll, so she moved the Black doll out of the way to get to the White
doll. And then it occurred to the seven-year-old that she had just committed a
“hate crime.” She went home to her mother in tears, confused and frightened, and
asked her mother whether moving the Black doll aside showed that she was
“prejudiced.” The girl’s mother described all of this in the newspaper story she
wrote. She quotes her daughter: “In the toy store today, Auntie let me pick out
whatever Barbie I wanted. And I moved a Black Barbie on the shelf out of the way
to reach the White Barbie behind her. Does that make me prejudiced?” And as I
said, this was not a casual question. The little girl was crying, terrified that
she might actually have shown herself to be “prejudiced.”
And when the mother heard this question she herself froze in terror. She
didn’t know how to answer the question. She was afraid to answer simply, “No,
dear, choosing the White doll instead of the Black doll doesn’t mean that you’re
prejudiced.” She couldn’t give that answer because it would be dishonest. That
answer would comfort her daughter at the moment, but it might lead the little
girl into relaxing her vigilance and wandering even further down the path of
Political Incorrectness. It might, heaven forbid, reinforce her preference for
White over Black.
On the other hand, if the mother answered the girl’s question honestly — if
the mother answered, “Yes, you vicious, little White racist, by shoving aside
the Black doll you revealed your horrible, racist prejudice in favor of your own
race” — if her mother answered that way, then her daughter might not be able to
handle the psychic trauma. The mother’s own words in the newspaper were: “If I
said yes, I feared I would scar her self-image for life. Her eyes pleaded with
me not to confirm the worst.” Believe it or not, that’s exactly what this silly
woman wrote in the newspaper: “If I said yes, I feared I would scar her
self-image for life.” And yet, the mother was sure that “yes” was the honest
answer, because she knew that all of us Whites have the original sin of racism
in us, a sin which we are obliged to struggle all our lives to overcome and to
pay all our lives in order to atone for.
For the remainder of a long, hand-wringing article, the mother agonized over
how to deal with this terrible dilemma. The whole thing is surrealistic, like
the sort of dream one might have after falling asleep with a really bad case of
heartburn. But, unfortunately, that’s the way a great many Americans think these
days. They really do get torn up over such things as how to be sure that they
are raising their children to be both Politically Correct and self-contented.
The mother writing in the San Jose Mercury News relates the
stories of several other parents who encountered problems similar to her own.
Not one of these parents expresses anger toward those who brainwashed their
children to the point that any realization that they instinctively prefer their
own kind frightens them and makes them feel guilty. Not one parent considers
grabbing a shotgun and going out to hunt the media bosses who did this to their
children. Instead they all cringe and grovel. The mother writing the story
finally decides that what her daughter needs is still more brainwashing — more
children’s books full of multiculturalism and diversity, more Steven Spielberg
films, et cetera. She coaxes her daughter to believe that the only reason she
reached for the White doll instead of the Black doll was not that the White doll
was the one she could identify with because it looked like her, but that she
liked the lipstick on the White doll more than the lipstick on the Black doll.
That rationalization made the mother and daughter both feel much better. And
then before the daughter could backslide, the mother went out and bought her a
Black Barbie doll, a mestizo Barbie doll, an Indian Barbie doll, etc. The mother
concludes: “I decided if my daughter was going to play with Barbies . . . they
at least would be diverse. Her play world now includes Arab, Native American,
Latina, and African-American Barbies.” And that mother obviously feels quite
proud of the way she dealt with her daughter’s problem. I felt sick after
reading her story.
It’s easy to think ahead eight years or so to the time when this woman’s
daughter is in a racially integrated high school and begins dating. When she has
a choice between dating Black boys or White boys, she will remember her mother’s
response to the Barbie doll dilemma. Her mother undoubtedly will be proud of her
when she brings her first Black boyfriend home for dinner.
You know, there used to be a time when I thought that the only way we could
save our race and our civilization was to have a civil war and shoot everyone
who thought like that and then start over again with the survivors. Of course,
we still need a civil war — there’s no getting around that — but it won’t be
necessary to shoot everyone who feels angst and guilt when his or her daughter
opts for a White Barbie doll. These people are not ideologically opposed to the
survival of White civilization. As I mentioned earlier, they don’t have an
ideology, except to be Politically Correct, whatever that happens to be at the
moment. The people who need to be shot — who must be shot — are the current
arbiters of Political Correctness, the people who planned for seven-year-old
White girls to feel guilty if they revealed a preference for White Barbie dolls.
Shoot those, and the rest will adapt. They will assimilate whatever attitudes
and opinions are presented to them. That’s the way most people are. That’s the
way they’ve always been.
• Bad_Mr_Frosty
I actually look forward to the carnage that awaits the West. Once White people have real problems all this PC though tcrime BS will be forgotten.
Thankfully, my family isn’t as brainwashed. My niece wanted a particular type of Barbie for Christmas one year. I went to the store and the only Barbie of that type (fairy princess Barbie?) was black. There was a whole stack of them, so I figured that type of Barbie came in Bantu only. Turns out the store was sold out of the White Barbies. My sister exchanged the black Barbie for a White Barbie. My niece’s Barbie collection is non-diverse and that’s the way she wants it.
• Common sense time. It is absolutel instinctive and natural to fear the other tribe that looks different from you. Besides aren’t we taught as children to fear strangers? Isn’t that a reasonable trait that would ensure survival of the tribe? Proof positive: Here’s a video from 1976 and it shows what naturally happens when an isolated New Guinean tribe discovers whites for the first time. Since this tribe didn’t know whites existed I doubt they were taught about racism. I believe what you are seeing is a raw ingrained natural response to people who look and act different from yourselves. There are more videos like this describing the first encounters between whites and isolated tribes in new Guinea during the 20’s and 30’s. Perhaps Robert Wright of the Atlantic could watch these and come up with a liberal hypothesis of why these tribes reacted the way the do. Is it natural and learned? I hope he uses a bit of common sense.
• Edward Kennedy, an white Irish Catholic, is the man who is responsible for the current demographic nightmare in the US.It was his Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 that has changed the demographics of the US and put white people on the road to being a minority. I’ve lived in MA. There are several towns there where the residents are what are colloquially known as “Moon Bats”. People who are liberal to the point of being insane, and people who , although they live in all white towns of privilege, support anti-white measures at every turn. I can name three such towns. Concord, Lexington and Brookline. The first two are extremely waspish, the third one is Jewish. Those that try to claim that only ONE … WHITE.. ethnic group, is in fact not white, and is to blame for everything that has happened to the white man in the US are just plain wrong, and blinded by their own hatred. Great Britain was ruined by ANGLO SAXON fabians. NO one can blame The the Jews at all for it’s present state. To ignore the fact that there has been a sort of death wish amongst the white race and to blame it on one ethnic group is just plain dangerous. It is dangerous because the real problem wont be dealt with.
• The__Bobster
Wrong. Jews like Cellar were the drivng force for non-White immigration and lobbied for it for decades before they finally succeeded. It’s too bad that shabbos goys like Kennedy went along wiith them.
• Wow, you post a link to a wikipedia definition of “sahabat goy” as if it was proof of something. YOu are wrong, it is the Kennedy Bill that changed the demographics of America. Go back to stormfront.
• FinnyMac
I grant that quoting Wiki is a bad practice, but that doesn’t mean the entirety of his argument is false or that visitors of Stormfront deserve to be treated rudely.
• the visions of stormfront do not belong here, If I see them posted here regularly I will never give another donation. The “stormfronters” will be the downfall of the white movement. Whites are at their current state of affairs because of the excesses of past ethnic movements. European history is filled with many bloody episodes of ethnic cleansing that most people are completely unaware of. One only needs to look into the history of the eastern lands Poland lost after the last big war. The ukrainians and the poles were wiping each other’s villages out in order to assure that the territory ended up in one or the other country. Jews were the one group that didn’t have a territory and they arguable had fared the worst over time.
One large attraction of the marxist revolution was that it sought to eliminate ethnicity. One was a “worker” and everyone was “united” in this respect. The marxists saw ethnic divisions as an obstacle to achieving their utopia. Many Jews were attracted to marxism for this very reason, it meant a total and complete assimilation, no one could question their background in such a state, all workers were equal. It was an “ethnicity fatigue” , or a general fatigue of ethnic struggle and division, and even of one’s own ethnic identity, that made marxism, and it’s promise of a non ethnic world attractive. It promised a new world where there was no killings, no government discrimination and persecution. Since the government was all powerful and all present in this “utopia” it would guarantee the elimination of actions of ethnic hostilities by individuals as well. To voice an ethnic identity and to voice a hostility towards a person based on ethnic identity was considered an action that was hostile to the state. The great irony was that FORCING this upon people had the exact opposite result! The number of ethnic casualties climbed to figures never before imaginable. Ten million Ukrainians died in the Holodomor. It is also a great irony that the historically ,most persecuted minority, that jettisoned it’s old identity , was disproportionately represented in the architects and foot soldiers of that genocide. That terror, coupled with an economic depression, made possible the terrors that the NAZI’s executed in their short reign. The depression literally wiped out the wealth of millions of people. It simply vanished as inflation made it worthless. People were destitute and desperate, and it seemed to them that greater, mysterious forces were manipulating events. After all, devaluation of currency IS governmental theft of an individuals wealth. Then they hear horrible reports of millions of Europeans being killed by “Bolshevism”. If some weren’t given to paranoia by merely losing everything, they were more inclined to do so after hearing such reports. The result was ANOTHER round of ethnic based warfare and further, unimaginable numbers of murder victims. You may be asking yourself then, how does this all relate to where we are today. That is easy. There was a profound level of ethnic fatigue after WWII. A level SO profound that it made people crazy, and blind. It was actually more than just a “fatigue” it was a absolute fear and loathing of ethnic hostility. Any identification of any difference amongst people became taboo. The fear and loathing of ethnic division was so great that for the first time racial differences were considered no more significant than ethnic differences. This is why it was so damaging to be labelled a “racist”. People became emotionalized on the subject, and stopped thinking. It is an irony that in the US, all white ethnicities freely chose to assimilate into a larger White American ethnic unit. Perhaps not so ironic because when they chose to come here they knew they were making that choice. They were saying goodbye to their old world identity and looking forward to being an “American”. Freedom accomplished what statism failed so miserably at. Everyone of them had “ethnic fatigue” to some degree. Whether the cause of that fatigue was the failure of the economy in their homeland to offer them opportunity or whether it was because of being forced at gunpoint to leave their homeland does not make a difference.What America accomplished is what Europe never could accomplish and what the Soviets failed so miserably to accomplish.
Now, into this mix strode the marxists that managed to survive Europe. In the 50’s they spread their poison. They agitated, they propagandized, they sued, they lobbied. They found a land where ethic division did not exists and they decided they needed to eliminate racial division. What they have done has been extremely damaging to this country. Now along come the “stormfronters”, another relic from the old world. They will divide white people and set group against group. They will not hinder the marxists. They will help them, unintentionally but they will help them nevertheless. Their sites are one long debate about which white ethnic group is pure and which isn’t. America doesn’t need either of these groups. All we need is a return to a land where white people are free to live in their own enclaves and free to make choices. We need a return to segregation and personal, instead of governmental, discrimination. A return to restrictive covenants and an end to laws against racial deicrimination. A return to REAL freedom, even if some people end up being the losers in such a world.
• This particular section of this thread is getting off the tracks. Not only that, I know how this story ends, and it’s not a happy ending. We should end this sub-conversation now.
We’re not blaming anyone in particular.
• To moderator, yeah, I know, just clearing a blockage
• Before you know it, somebody is going to be called a Nazi, just watch.
• So now, according to people like you, we are to scrutinize all white people, and even if they have blonde hair, blue eyes, are conservative, …..BUT….. they are ……..jewish!!!!!…….. they are not white????????????????????!!!!!!!!!!!!! Nothing could be more dangerous to the Amren goals. Divide and conquer is what our ENEMIES do. What about Italians , greeks, French and Spaniards? Are they subject next? Are they not white enough? Are the Irish all to be condemned because of Kennedy and Hart?Are theItalians to be condemned because they are darker on average than Jews? Was PauLette Goddard –not white? Was Julie from the “Mod Squad”not white????!!!!! Was Peter Torkelson from “The Monkeys” not white??!!!!!! Were all three of those people secretly working for the destruction of the US ?!!!!!!
• The author’s name sure sounds WASPISH …. oy oy oy!
Again, a liberal has it back wards.
That different people evolved in different parts of the world not knowing each other, there would be innate suspicion of each group. It’s a basic evolutionary survival mechanism to be suspicious and cautious of what you don’t know. And seeing people who are kind of like you but different must trigger a basic reaction in the brain that this other person is ‘strange’.
I would have to read the entire study and see their methodology and bias but I read this in the abstract:
In addition, greater peer diversity was associated with attenuated amygdala response to African American faces, suggesting that intergroup racial contact may reduce the salience of race.
Translation: It’s our unproven belief that more diversity and racial interaction MAY reduce racism.
• IT is constantly repeated throughout human history that when resources become scarce people align along ethnic lines and fight over what resources there are.
• Formerly_Known_as_Whiteplight
This article is a rationalization of studies and also an interpretation. If we take another point of view avoiding the poison word “racism” that seems to prevent most people from actually thinking beyond the accusation in the use of the word, what the same data could show is that people, beginning at a very young age begin to learn to discriminate; that is, they learn to identify those things living and nonliving that can be dangerous to them about the time that they begin to become more independent. This could be seen as a natural development, genetically and environmentally ordered. It is true that it is possible to “imprint” on a young mind information, including faces that will make them less able to utilize the same sort of ability to discriminate for their own safety. This means that as they grow older, they are likely to associate with things and people who are dangerous to them. Isn’t that about what is going on today?
• Jed Sant Devi
Have you ever wonder what the virulent anti White privilege dog whistle sounds like?
Let this ring in your ears for a while, then go to any typical “diversifying” White evangelical (post Christian) church, and hear the same siren screaming from the pulpit:
“What is the role of faith in intercultural transformation, overcoming racism, and creating a more just world?”
• they preach gobbledygook
• Jed Sant Devi
But they get paid for it, and they also have the power to wipe out your White privilege, so don’t dismiss them as kooks.
• NorthernWind
Based on what I’ve read I don’t see how this article makes the claim that racism is natural any less compelling. To me, racism is the inevitable outcome of human nature.
Claiming that children do not exhibit the same degree of amygdala activation as adults, therefore racism isn’t natural seems disingenuous to me. That’s like saying that because children do not exhibit sexual attraction to the opposite sex until they are older, sexual attraction is taught. Or that because young boys and girls are effectively equal in physical strength, adult strength differences between the sexes are due to socialization leading to less physical activity by females. Or that because Black and White IQ scores are closer in children, that the larger disparity by adulthood is due to discrimination.
The fact is that the brain is mature only once we hit adulthood. The author is struggling to dismiss racism as not natural but still acknowledges tribalism (which he calls “groupism”), that very thing which leads to racism. The fact is that our tribal minds have difficulty ignoring racial differences and not classifying other races as outsiders.
No it isn’t. Good fences make good neighbors. Allow the races, ethnic groups, and cultures of the world to have self-rule over their own land and we can avoid the situation we find ourselves in now; one of trying to make all varieties of groups get along under single governments.
• John_H_Holliday
Racism is perfectly natural. In fact, it runs in my family.
• puffdaddy
My kindergardener is learning about “bullying” this week and we had to read a shortened version of The Ugly Duckling as part of the homework. We had an epiphany when we read it, so I went to the original to see if it was confirmed. It was. The Hans Christian Anderson tale is not about bullying, nor about mother love – it’s about, if you’re a swan don’t hang around with ducks.
• I wonder if that was the inspiration for the Steve Martin movie called “The Jerk”
• Fighting_Northern_Spirit
Ok, just for the sake of argument, I’ll pretend that there is no natural suspicion or emnity between the races, that it’s all learned behavior. Now what? Are blacks and browns now going to behave themselves, pull their own weight, and contribute in a meaningful way to any sort of spiritual, cultural, material or scientific progress? As someone raised to be totally colorblind, I waited the first 40 years of my life to see any trace of it; indeed I supported the tilting of the playing field in their favor, just to tease out any hidden potential there.
What I saw was just the opposite, and I can no longer live in denial. I fully admit that I now have little to no respect for blacks or browns – and if this is entirely learned behavior – then it’s based on the overwhelming evidence in my daily life. I wish it were not so, but reality is reality. So in the end, the question is moot. Unless liberals invent some sort of gene therapy that finally makes the beautiful lie of egalitarianism true and brings blacks and browns up to some minimal standards of civilization, then reality will constantly intrude into their ideological fantasy world. Whites will only believe in egalitarianism until they find out the truth, and thanks to liberalism the truth becomes unavoidable with increased “diversity”.
• Persephone Gray
Exactly. This is the only logically consistent interpretation of the data presented. Their conclusion is completely ass-backwards.
• What’s nice about this article, from the anti-White rag The Atlantic, is that it admits that races exist.
Back when the Human Genome Project started, the people who wanted to start it had to swear up and down that they would not discover that races exist.
Today’s leftist on the street (I was just talking to my Communist friend a few days ago) continues to insist that on a PCA chart of genomes the races will overlap. Which has been decidedly counterfactual for at least the past 4 years.
Now that leftists have to admit that Whites exist, they have to tell us why they support the genocide of Whites through mass immigration and forced integration in every White country and only into White countries.
• FinnyMac
I agree, but could I say that the process of waiting for a change in “thinking” from liberal American journalists often reminds me of Soviet history, when a slight change in the the language of propaganda organs had to be measured year to year in constant speculations about the motives of an irrational and perverse inner circle? It’s maddening, not at all in the fine style of classical western debate.
• MerlinV
Race this and race that. How old are blacks when they have their first urge to attack a white person? Thats probably a better study question. Oh well. One thing is certain, if you are White you had better learn the law of the jungle real quick like. Blacks are dangerous and toxic for White people. Particularly in large numbers. Simply take the “race is just a social construct” lunatics, strap a parachute on them, fly over any all black US city, then throw them out of the plane.
• Jed Sant Devi
How soon before this becomes standard in kindergarten textbooks? And if the Asians women prefer rich and powerful White Men Only, doesn’t that just prove that Asians are “more racist than we knew” and that they “have some soul searching to do”?We live near a large Asian poplulation, and unlike the White girls we see, the Asians seem delightfully resistant to race mixing with the buck nasty voodoo Diversity. White girls can’t seem to get enough of Diversity, especially the young college graduates in short dresses, who are mostly with black boyfriends. You just don’t see young Whites Only couples walking around anymore. White babies in the future will be as rare as non Affirmative Action achievement in the black community.
Writers Says If You Want to be Successful, Marry Outside Your Race
• NorthernWind
I don’t know where you live nor how things are there, but where I live young college girls are all talk. They go on about how evil White men are and how they would date people of any race but the vast majority only date White men.
Some of them do try to mix but it almost always fails in a hilarious fashion.
• when you go black… end up being an HIV positive single mom. Remember that song “Goldfinger”.. When I see such a couple I sing, jut loud enough so that they may hear me “Coal Burner, wohn wohhn wahhh, single mom with the “H.I.V.” ( I’m 6″5″ and weigh 260lbs-people would rather assume they heard me wrong than question me)
• Sloppo
That’s an interesting web site. I was appalled when I read another article in it about a white South African model who scandalously used a term which is considered derogatory regarding a black man who made sexual remarks about her in a supermarket. She rudely failed to show appreciation for the fact that the black man did not rape her white self, instead showing a kind of restraint uncommon in that country. Hopefully South African president Jacob Zuma will continue to show strong leadership in the war against anti-black racial slurs, despite his demanding “Kill the White Man” concert tour schedule with the African National Congress backup chorus and dance company.
• sammy
We live on the Upper East Side in NYC. We go to a beautiful park that also contains the Mayor’s mansion (1799). Now this is the UES, a White enclave. Yet we still see–increasingly–White women (many blond) with black men.
• 325air82
because they want to give them your money not their own and want you to live among them not themselves. Liberals are hippocrites
• Whoever wrote the article is a loon who clearly doesn’t know anything about the well researched concept of ethno-centrism.
During my initial Racial Awakening I was exposed to the works of French New Right theorist Alain de Benoist and he makes ethnocentrism a central concept in his ideology. It would be a good idea if Amreners brushed up a little on it as well.
• It has long been recognized that the merchant class in any society ends up producing the marxists of that society. It doesn’t mater what ethnicity that merchant class is. In asia it is the Chinese. The offspring of the Chinese merchant class in Singapore are the ones who tried to foment a communist revolution there.
• Jed Sant Devi
You should re up and memorize their lingo. You’ll need to spout it all back as an article of faith when they send you to the Obama Auschwitz camp for interrogation.
• rightrightright
At what point does a group (in the peculiar sense of such in this article) become too large to warrant this classification with its implicit absolution from the sin of racism and become a race itself?
• Dr. Möbias
They deny race when it comes to open borders and white rights.
But race exists when it comes to slavery, affirmative action, racism, integration.
• The article is inaccurate. The heritability of racial preferences has already been established. As I commented:
“But all of this is almost beside the point anyway…”
This is a ridiculous article. Wright is clearly oblivious to the behavioral genetic research on the issue. It has already been shown that racial specific preferences are partially heritable (e.g., Weber et al., (2011) “Genetic Influences on Group Politics” and Bates and Lewis (2010) “Genetic evidence for multiple biological mechanisms underlying in-group favoritism.” For example, the narrow heritability of racial identity, racial preference, and racial marriage (assuming an ACE model, of course) as reported in Weber et al. is 0.28, 0.32, and 0.52, respectively. Basically, the authors of the research paper under discussion failed to employ the proper methodology to disentangle nature from nurture. Biometric analysis is needed. And such research has already been done and has been replicated.
As for the a prior plausibility of there being domain specific racial preferences, there is clear reason to think that these would exist (i.e., Hamilton’s rule) as long as there was a method of racial discrimination and as long as racial groups frequently came into contract with each other. Understanding race simply as “breeding population,” racial groups frequently did come into contact in paleolithic times. The question then is whether or not the differences in physical appearance between the breeding populations that did come into contact were large enough for between population discrimination to occur; if so, individual would have evolved preferences for physical similarity as a proxy for genetic similarity. The literature showing that individuals can make fine phenotypic discrimination is pretty extensive. The most obvious example is nuclear family, non-family. Not withstanding the mountain of evidence to the contrary, Wright disagrees with the latter point, though, saying: “there would have been virtually no encounters between groups that had different skin colors or other conspicuous physical differences.” To note, the phenotypic differences needed need not necessarily have been biological; they could have been cultural in the sense of attire. There just would have to have been observable difference between groups for a same-looking bias to evolve.
Whatever the case, this is a moot point, since biometric analysis has established the “racist’s” claims.
• All I need to do is to look at the name of the author to know on which side the matzah ball is going to crumble.
• Inbreeding over centuries has significant disadvantages—the severity/incidence of genetic disease is often several orders of magnitude higher in Ashkenazim than for population at large.
• Jed Sant Devi
The sheep left in the churches today are the ones who WANT to be underneath Diversity Leadership.
Which pretty much means the most dispirited, degraded kind of Whites will be left there as minions to black preachers, deacons, and elders who will embezelle the endowments.
Watch the finances of the Southern Baptist Convention over then next few years for lots of laughs. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '775', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.960028886795044}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '128605', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:TYBJQRSFQZP6X6PIWQTNFBRXROVT5XVC', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:9a107b1a-5dba-47de-b545-e12deaea6d03>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 8, 21, 8, 29, 46), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.28.27.19', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:IGKM2XNBZEHRTLFYI6HSU6EFMWJ6325J', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:be5f6790-43e0-48c8-9016-4fec6151bb10>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.amren.com/news/2012/10/new-evidence-that-racism-isnt-natural/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:a587099d-2600-4c0e-85e1-3dc54300ac41>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '8423', 'url': 'https://www.amren.com/news/2012/10/new-evidence-that-racism-isnt-natural/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-166-12-144.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-34\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for August 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.02366495132446289', 'original_id': '492528f3b765f004895384bab7e69c74789335215046f64d6ea7c35eb936f2f9'} |
{% load static %}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>MailGunner | {% block title %}{% endblock %}</title>
<!-- Bootstrap 5 -->
<link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.0.0-beta2/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" integrity="sha384-BmbxuPwQa2lc/FVzBcNJ7UAyJxM6wuqIj61tLrc4wSX0szH/Ev+nYRRuWlolflfl" crossorigin="anonymous">
<!-- Custom CSS -->
<link href="{% static 'account/base.css' %}" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body class="text-center">
<main class="form-center">
<h1 class="mb-4"><b>MailGunner</b></h1>
{% include 'messages.html' %}
{% block content %}{% endblock %}
</main>
</body>
</html> | the_stack | {'hexsha': 'cbbb5627a006b8ac2d7ee7df4026d1bd7cd85507', 'size': '786', 'ext': 'html', 'lang': 'HTML', 'max_stars_repo_path': 'account/templates/account/base.html', 'max_stars_repo_name': 'WaffleHacks/mailgunner', 'max_stars_repo_head_hexsha': '3c55342960219bdfff6c971b01d02059fcc0f429', 'max_stars_repo_licenses': "['MIT']", 'max_stars_count': '', 'max_stars_repo_stars_event_min_datetime': '', 'max_stars_repo_stars_event_max_datetime': '', 'max_issues_repo_path': 'account/templates/account/base.html', 'max_issues_repo_name': 'WaffleHacks/mailgunner', 'max_issues_repo_head_hexsha': '3c55342960219bdfff6c971b01d02059fcc0f429', 'max_issues_repo_licenses': "['MIT']", 'max_issues_count': '12', 'max_issues_repo_issues_event_min_datetime': '2021-06-13T01:50:20.000Z', 'max_issues_repo_issues_event_max_datetime': '2021-08-17T17:49:43.000Z', 'max_forks_repo_path': 'account/templates/account/base.html', 'max_forks_repo_name': 'WaffleHacks/mailgunner', 'max_forks_repo_head_hexsha': '3c55342960219bdfff6c971b01d02059fcc0f429', 'max_forks_repo_licenses': "['MIT']", 'max_forks_count': '', 'max_forks_repo_forks_event_min_datetime': '', 'max_forks_repo_forks_event_max_datetime': '', 'avg_line_length': '30.2307692308', 'max_line_length': '220', 'alphanum_fraction': '0.6297709924', 'original_id': '18f26b9ef5a4060a45b1a815a18036087cf43744aaa35b1e4959f47a33873fd5'} |
Mitt Romney Suffers Tragic Humor-Circuit Malfunction
Mitt Romney is nothing if not hilarious, right? So what could possibly go wrong when he goes on a late night comedy show? Ohhh, everything. MittBot3000 was in full effect last night while talking stiffly to Jay Leno about all kinds of snooze-inducing things like Russia and Health Care, but he was at his very worst in this clip when Jay asked him to play a little game and come up with one word for each possible Vice Presidential candidate. Uh oh. Does not compute. MittBot melting down. Mittbot melting down. Miffffffffff. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '63', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.957152247428894}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '79776', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:3ZYNQSXKD7H7KVWDGVRMRHOK3PXVMBXN', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:49d87c3a-cd14-4813-bd57-becd9c0aef5e>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 30, 3, 6, 55), 'WARC-IP-Address': '199.27.76.129', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:KN56B5QIIVGI5KY2INYDXWWU2ST5R7G7', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:c33276ee-264a-43b1-b748-f03fc8b23997>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://jezebel.com/5897017/mitt-romney-suffers-tragic-humor-circuit-malfunction?tag=nbc', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:76f58660-bb33-43e2-803a-574cc4e8734f>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '98', 'url': 'http://jezebel.com/5897017/mitt-romney-suffers-tragic-humor-circuit-malfunction?tag=nbc', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2015-06\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for January 2015\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.10283273458480835', 'original_id': 'e4aa5fcfb048ffe95903767334db91661965701d92a40a69cb4464993dee85e9'} |
Recommended Food Portion Sizes
Without clearly defined serving sizes, it can be difficult to determine how much is too much.
Big Breakfast - Egg image by cheungs7 from
To maintain optimal health, it's often recommended to "eat enough" of one type of food or not to eat "too much" of another. However, it can be tricky to know how much to eat if you are unsure of what constitutes a serving. The U.S. Department of Agriculture has developed a healthy eating plan for most Americans, helping outline what constitutes exactly how much you should be eating from each food group.
A small apple is roughly 1 cup of fruit.
Recommended food portions vary with age, but adults should get between 1.5 and 2 cups of fruit daily. To give some idea of what one cup of a whole fruit looks like, a small apple, large banana, three medium plums, eight large strawberries and an inch-thick slice of watermelon are all considered to be approximately 1 cup of fruit. A cup of 100 percent fruit juice or one-half cup of dried fruit also counts as a single cup of fruit.
Ideally, half of your plate should be made up of fruits and vegetables.
Together with fruits, vegetables should make up one-half of your plate at meal times. Most adults should get two to three cups of vegetables daily. A cup of raw or cooked vegetables or vegetable juice counts as a cup from this food group, though with raw, leafy green vegetables, 2 cups are the equivalent. A large stalk of celery, six baby carrots, a small pepper or a small tomato make up approximately one cup of vegetables.
A large 3 cup serving of popcorn makes up just 1 ounce of grains.
Most adults should strive to get between 3 and 4 ounces of grains daily, and at least half of those should be whole grains. If you are not weighing your grains, estimate that a single slice of bread, one-half cup of pasta or rice, three cups of popcorn, five crackers and a small tortilla are each approximately 1 ounce.
A handful of nuts counts as approximately 1 ounce of protein food.
Most adults should strive to get between 5 and 6 ounces of protein foods daily, though athletes often require more. A 1-ounce requirement can be met by eating an egg, a single slice of deli meat or poultry, 12 almonds, a tablespoon of peanut butter or one-quarter cup of cooked beans.
Cow's milk is not the only source of dairy.
To get enough calcium, adults should consume three cups of dairy daily. Dairy can be obtained not only by drinking milk, but also through eating a cup of yogurt, 1.5 ounces of hard cheese, 2 cups of cottage cheese, a cup of pudding or 1.5 cups of ice cream. Those who do not eat dairy products should consider calcium-fortified foods.
About the Author
Lauretta Claussen
Photo Credits
• Big Breakfast - Egg image by cheungs7 from
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D.C. will not extend healthcare enrollment deadline
Decrease Increase Text size
WASHINGTON (AP) - The District of Columbia won't be extending its deadline for people to enroll in health plans through the city's insurance exchange. But officials say the city will work with those who miss the deadline to ensure they get coverage effective Jan. 1.
Monday is the deadline for people to enroll in a health plan if they want coverage on Jan. 1. The federal government is extending the deadline until Tuesday for those who enroll using the federal website.
The district has its own health exchange, as do many states. Exchange director Mila Kofman says the three major providers selling insurance in the district have agreed to accept premiums as late as Jan. 15 for coverage starting Jan. 1. So even though the deadline is Monday, there's still time to enroll.
Recommended For You | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9566149711608888}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '39215', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:TD5KYDAYMLUTB553W5MYSGXNQGQDEMEL', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:5493df92-0580-46f5-bcdb-0b8ed30b8db7>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 12, 23, 3, 42, 47), 'WARC-IP-Address': '23.62.6.51', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:TZXPXQEUYYKMT7FKTZ5WS5B2PFYGCR6V', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:1fdc4b42-4b3d-4555-93a7-c7d160fbba3c>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.wjla.com/articles/2013/12/d-c-will-not-extend-healthcare-enrollment-deadline-98486.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:dd896836-c089-4b56-9246-1a0b7e112146>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '146', 'url': 'http://www.wjla.com/articles/2013/12/d-c-will-not-extend-healthcare-enrollment-deadline-98486.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-231-17-201.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-52\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for December 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.078014075756073', 'original_id': 'eb50390a20ce8d6898ce6473111b5ca37fb7ae6cc3f91c0c914a7c8e9ab8dfed'} |
중앙데일리
Unleashed dogs a menace to society
Oct 25,2017
It is common to see dogs off their leash. But there have been many accidents of people seriously injured by unleashed dogs. The case of a singer’s unleashed dog biting a person which led her to die because of blood poisoning is a case of it. According to the Animal Protection Act, people who brought animals without any safety gear such as leashes and muzzle, to the public space, are breaking the law; they have to pay a fine of $500.
However, in reality, people argue that their pets are always obedient and don’t spring out at others. Let’s look at other countries to search for a better solution. In England, a dog owner can be sentenced for 5 years in prison if his dog bites a person, and if that victim dies, the punishment would be increased up to 14 years. In the United States, if unleashed animals make disturbances, the owner will be sentenced to a maximum of half a year in jail or a fine of $1,000.
That’s why I think we, Koreans, have to put more pressure on the Animal Protection Act. One of the best solutions is to levy more fines, probably up to $10,000. Since we don’t specifically know when animals turn violent and pounce on people, wearing leashes or muzzles should be mandatory.
Besides, people who don’t follow this law must pay s fine of $10,000 which is not a negligible amount of money. Meanwhile, we can also establish a park where pets don’t have to wear any safety gears. Only in that space, pets can be freed from any artificial gears. I hope people with dogs remember that their lovely pets can be big threats to passers-by, and a tragedy can be prevented just by a little action. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '45f4a850fee2d927e02dbf0f461a303c102fc02e3a19443d7839fe2acb4a69ea'} |
Sensitivity of (138 Glu-->Lys) mutated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT) to HIV-1-specific RT inhibitors.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) recombinant reverse transcriptase (RT) containing lysine (Lys) instead of glutamic acid (Glu) at position 138 proved fully resistant to the inhibitory effect of TSAO derivatives, but retained marked sensitivity to all other HIV-1-specific inhibitors investigated. In contrast, 181 Tyr-->Cys mutated RT lost sensitivity to all HIV-1-specific inhibitors. There was a close correlation between the sensitivity/resistance pattern of HIV-1-specific inhibitors against mutated (138 Glu-->Lys) recombinant HIV-1 RT and mutant virus strains selected for resistance against TSAO-m3T in cell culture and proven to contain the 138-Lys mutation as the sole mutation within the amino acid 50-270 region of their RT. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '45275ca9ae6441af528c624722fb751daa47d01e86400e9a62ded37caf570d62'} |
Friday, February 24, 2012
Horse Stories
Story 1:
Sunny (the horse) has recently figured out how to open gates. He unlatches them with his lips and pushes them open. I THOUGHT I'd fixed it by moving the latch thingy to the outside of the gate... The other day, while eating breakfast, I noticed the horses were not in the backyard and the gate was open.
It took five minutes to find him. He was in the neighbors' hay barn.
I have now met some of my human neighbors. I was well acquainted with the cows, goats, and the alpaca, but I didn't want to meet the humans. I was afraid of them. I knew at some point, they were going to ask me if I was LDS, and I wasn't sure how to answer that question... Bill, the neighbor, asked. I said, "no", and he just said, "That's okay. Most people aren't. Are you liking it here?"
Then we talked about good trails that I haven't tried yet. A good place to buy hay, and he told stories about when his calves all escaped their pasture. "You haven't really had animals until they've gotten out and you've had to deal with that."
Story 2:
The snow and cold have made it so I can't really enjoy riding in the mountains. (Although between a good quality duster and the lack of snow, I went out until the beginning of January. Which is AWESOME!)
I've been taking Sunny to the arena to ride him and work with him. I enjoy the arena, but I get really anxious when there are other people around. I feel like I'm going to do something wrong and the people will think I am a loser and shouldn't be riding a horse. (Falling off the horse doesn't scare me. But what people think of me does.) I don't like working with Sunny if there is someone else there... even though I understand that they may or may not know more than me. I also would LOVE for feedback if someone knows more than I do... My anxiety comes from thinking they are thinking something, but not saying it.
Story 3:
I've been working with Sunny on transitions (changing speeds). I barely even have to THINK the word "trot", and Sunny is trotting. The most imperceptible shift in my saddle and he's running. Unfortunately, he's not so good at slowing down or walking. Although I understand the benefits, the work seems tedious to me. I'd much rather just run.
Story 4:
I've only been riding for a little more than three years, and I've never had any sort of formal lesson. I've read books. I've spent a lot of time observing horses and riders, and I've spent A LOT of time in the saddle. Mostly, there's something about horses that just feels intuitive to me.
Today, as we were leaving the arena, I needed to push the button to close the livestock door. At first, I was trying to use all of the "right" signals to get him to step sidewise to get next to it. He was throwing his head (In Sunny language that means, "I don't understand what you are asking me to do!") I stopped, took a deep breath, and instead of trying to impress all of the people around me... I just told him what I wanted. Literally. I said, "I need to get over to that button, can you get me there?"
And he did it.
I don't know if he understood my words; if we communicated telepathically; or if it was just coincidence... I do know that every time I get clear on what I want him to do, he pretty much does it.
Unfortunately, there's a lot of confusion inside me. I WANT to just run. I understand the power of working on transitions and practicing going slower, but I don't want to do it. He gets mixed messages.
I'm trying to impress people... I can't imagine a horse would understand the message, "I want those people to think I'm awesome, so do whatever it takes to make them think that." He throws his head and acts confused.
I love that horse for the things he's taught me about balance and centering myself. I love him for the things he's taught me about communication, intention, and asking for what I want. I love him for all the lessons he's taught me about fear. I love that horse for the way he helps me see me.
1. Horses are amazing at their ability to pick up on and read the most subtle and unconscious human body language. They are such a wonder to me and they seem to be a natural extension to the human species. I don't know what it is, but some days, I feel like I should be one or at least some sort of hybrid of one.
I absolutely miss riding. I hope that I can get back to it some day.
1. Sometimes I feel the same way: I should be a horse.
I hope you can get back to riding some day too.
2. I just want to say that I truly wish that I had fields and open space where there could be many a delight of horses for me to get to know.
I've not been upon one to ride for years, but they never cease to bring me calm.
No wonder they provide such therapies for so many. They are tuned in. Which only stirs me to respect them and their wonder that much more.
3. You and I are exact opposites on this one. I really don't care what anyone else thinks of me when on a horse but I am terrified of falling off. Maybe someday I will get on one again. Maybe I will make that a bucket list item to do before I die.
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Wednesday, January 14, 2015
InstaNatural Dead Sea Mud Mask
I am fortunate to work with InstaNatural. They also have a store on Amazon. You definitely need to check out their store and website. They have a lot of great products! For this post, I will review their mask.
Product Review: InstaNatural Dead Sea Mud Mask
Where to purchase: online at and
Price: $25.77 for 16 oz
Made in USA
Description from the packaging: InstaNatural Dead Sea Mud Mask is an all-natural detoxifier and purifier that comes from the renowned and sacred Dead Sea. More than a million visitors each year flock to the extraordinary body of water in the Mediterranean, which contains many minerals beneficial to the skin, such as magnesium, sodium, bromine, potassium and calcium. Once applied, this mud mask treatment starts working to absorb excess oil, dirt and toxins from the skin. It is great to expunge acne, pimples and blackheads. It also helps to restore an even skin tone for a smoother complexion. When used as a body treatment the mud mask can soothe and relieve muscles aches and pains. Whether used on the face or the body, but Dead Sea Mud Mask is a superb in-home spa treatment that will reveal more vibrant, refined healthier skin.
Thoughts: I've always heard great things about dead sea mask but unfortunately, I have never tried it. Given the opportunity, I jumped on the bandwagon.
Here's how the product looks when it's open. It definitely looks and feel like a mud.
Here's a swatch of the mud mask on my hand.
I know it's not a pretty sight but I wanted to show how the mud mask look on me. I took this picture right after applying the mask.
Now for my overall opinion... First of all, there's no scent whatsoever. This is actually a huge plus for me. I cannot stand mask that I have to wear 10+ minutes and it smells bad. Secondly, the consistency is pretty thin and easy to apply. The direction recommends you apply a thin later around your face avoiding the eyes and lip. It's easy to use with either a brush or fingers. I actually used my fingers. Honestly, it felt like I'm applying a moisturizer but it's dark in color. I also like that it has a cooling sensation while applying. Cooling sensation as in it feels nice and cool. It didn't have the tingling sensation which I dislike. Third, the direction recommends you wear it for 10 to 15 minutes. I only wore it for 10 minutes. It dries to a whitish-gray color. You definitely can tell it dries. It goes from being glossy looking to dry, matte mask. The only reason I wore it for 10 minutes is it became tight. In my opinion, people with oily skin might take longer to dry. Since I have dry skin, it dried quickly. After I washed the mask off, my face had slight tightness. Since it has slight tightness, I'll definitely use this product whenever my face is acting up like that time of the month. Other than that, I doubt I'll use it when my skin is healthy. If you have acne and blackheads, I recommend using it once a week. Lastly, I noticed my skin look tighter and healthier right after using it. It had a glow especially around my t-zone. I also noticed my skin looked nice the next morning, as well as, less blackheads on my nose.
* Pure dead sea mud.
* The jar will last a long time.
* No scent.
* Thin consistency.
* Easy to apply.
* Cooling sensation.
* Dries quickly.
* Great for oily skin individuals.
* Great for acne and blackheads.
* Skin feels tighter.
* It gives me a glow.
* Noticed less blackheads on my nose.
* Cruelty-free.
* Only can be purchased online.
* Skin felt tight once the mask dried.
Would repurchase: Yes.
Rating: 4/5 Tobey's Paws
Sachi said...
I find that most masks with muds make my skin feel tight, and I have super oily skin. But they do wonders to kick my skin back into balance
Ebony J said...
I really love using face masks because even though they feel really bad once they dry they make my skin feel so amazing afterwards (:
Bijin Blair said...
So true, I can't stand smelly masks either! And whaaat, less blackheads? Definitely a mask to try!
Ahleessa said...
You will definitely love this or at least I think so. :)
Ahleessa said...
I don't know this brand that much either, but this mask is good.
Ahleessa said...
I completely agree with your statement! :) My skin looks amazing afterwards especially I've been so hormonal.
Ahleessa said...
It's a good thing you have oily skin. You don't have to worry about dry patches from dryness or wrinkly skin. :)
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Easily send promotional and transactional emails to your customers around the globe in minutes.
Email is one of the most cost-effective and reliable ways to reach your global customer base for both promotional and transactional use cases. However, building a large-scale email solution can be a complex and costly challenge for a business: you have to first build your infrastructure and set up your network, and then warm up your IP addresses and continually protect your sender reputation. Many third-party email solutions come with contracts, minimum charges, and up-front costs.
Amazon Pinpoint reduces these challenges so that you can focus on crafting the right content and delighting your customers with timely communications. With Amazon Pinpoint, you can start sending emails in minutes, and you only pay for what you use.
You can schedule and send emails to pre-defined segments, create event-based email campaigns, and deliver transactional emails for common use cases such as order confirmations and appointment reminders both from within the marketer-friendly console and the Amazon Pinpoint REST API. After an email has been sent, you can analyze the performance of the campaign or transactional emails and the impact your emails had on user behavior.
Pinpoint Web Illustrations_EngagementChannels-Editorial
The likelihood that an email you send arrives in your recipients’ inbox depends on the reputation of the IP address that sends the email. Amazon Pinpoint maintains a strong reputation among mailbox providers by actively filtering unsolicited and malicious content, and provides you with features to protect and improve your own sender reputation such as the deliverability dashboard and dedicated IP addresses.
Amazon Pinpoint offers dashboards for both transactional emails and email campaigns to help you gain deep insights into the performance of the emails you’ve sent and how your emails impact customer behavior.
Amazon Pinpoint’s email channel is easy for both marketers and developers to use for transactional and promotional use cases. Whether your use case is creating a full-funnel advertising campaign or sending real-time order confirmations and tracking information, you can use the Amazon Pinpoint console or the REST APIs to accomplish your goals.
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Key features
Dedicated IP Addresses
By default, Amazon Pinpoint sends email from IP addresses that are shared with other Amazon Pinpoint customers. Shared addresses are a great option for many users: they are included in the base Amazon Pinpoint pricing, and their reputations are carefully monitored to ensure high deliverability.
Amazon Pinpoint customers who send large volumes of emails also have the option to lease dedicated IP addresses reserved for your exclusive use. Dedicated IP addresses give you complete control over the reputations of the IP addresses that you use to send email through Amazon Pinpoint.
Amazon Pinpoint offers analytics for both transactional emails and email campaigns to help you gain deep insights into the performance of the emails you’ve sent and how your emails impact customer behavior. Amazon Pinpoint can capture information about the entire email response funnel, including the numbers of sends, deliveries, opens, clicks, bounces, complaints, and rejections. You can also stream this data using Amazon Kinesis Streams to an Amazon S3 Bucket or an Amazon Redshift database for storage or further analysis.
Reputation Management with the Deliverability Dashboard
Amazon Pinpoint's Deliverability Dashboard helps you understand and remediate issues that could impact the deliverability of your emails, such as poor IP reputation, suboptimal email content, and attempting to email users who have unsubscribed or bounced in the past. You rely on the email channel to deliver important information to your users, such as password resets and order confirmations, so protecting and improving your inbox placement rate and email sender reputation is incredibly important. With the Deliverability Dashboard, you can increase the effectiveness of your email campaigns and create a better email experience for your users. This feature is available for an additional monthly charge. Learn more about the deliverability dashboard in the Amazon Pinpoint User Guide.
Content Personalization
Generic, one-size-fits-all emails tend to have lower engagement rates than personalized messages. When you create an email template for a transactional or campaign-based engagement, you can include personalization tags, such as the recipient’s name or location. When Amazon Pinpoint sends the email, it replaces the personalization tags with the appropriate values for the recipient so that your customers receive highly-personalized messages that they are more likely to engage with.
Content Filtering
Email receivers use content filters to detect certain attributes in your messages to identify whether your message is legitimate. These content filters automatically review the content of your messages to identify common traits of unwanted or malicious messages. Amazon Pinpoint uses content filtering technologies to help detect and block messages that contain malware before they are sent. Learn more about content filtering in our email best practices guide.
When an email provider receives an email, they check to see if it is authenticated before attempting to deliver it to the recipient. Authentication demonstrates to the email provider that you own the email address you are sending from. Amazon Pinpoint supports all industry-standard authentication mechanisms, including DomainKeys Identified Mail (DKIM), Sender Policy Framework (SPF), and Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting and Conformance (DMARC).
Multiple Email Sending Interfaces
Amazon Pinpoint offers several methods of sending email, including the Amazon Pinpoint console, the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) interface, and the Amazon Pinpoint API. You can access the API using the AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI), or by using an AWS Software Development Kit (SDK).
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Start building in the console
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How To Have Safe Sex
The only preventive measure that you can take to ensure that you do not ever come down with a sexually transmitted disease is to abstain from having sexual contact with anyone. The next step to protect yourself is to practice safe sex. While many people feel that safe sex practices diminish spontaneity, it sure beats coming down with a disease! There is simply no way to know if someone you are having sex with is disease-free unless each of your partners is tested.
1. The first step to practicing safe sex is to understand that someone may have a sexually transmitted disease, even if he has no symptoms. There are countless numbers of people who have STDs and they are unaware of it. So, just because your partner looks healthy and tells you they are free of disease, do not take any chances that could compromise your health. Practice safe sex.
2. Next, you should come to grips with the fact that when you have sex with someone, it is equivalent to having sex with everyone he has ever had sex with. Not only are you exposing yourself to a disease that your partner may be carrying, but any diseases which his past partners may have been carrying. Just because your partner may have had limited sexual experiences in the past does not guarantee that he is disease-free.
3. One of the most important things to practicing safe sex is honesty. Individuals who engage in sex together should be forthright and open about their sexual histories, and if they have had any past STDs. If someone tells you he had a STD, ask if it was treated. What kind of treatment did he receive and was the disease cured?
4. You should also find out if your sexual partner has any blood diseases. This includes such diseases as hepatitis and HIV. Does your partner engage in any practices which would make them at risk for a blood disease? Have they ever engaged in prostitution, homosexuality or used IV drugs?
5. The most important thing you can do to practice safe sex is to request that both you and your partner get tested for HIV and STDs. (If your partner shows disinterest in getting tested, refuses to get tested, or does not want to practice safe sex, this should be a sign to you that he does not have your best interests at heart.)
6. You should always use condoms until the test results come back--as most sexually transmitted diseases are spread through bodily fluids. There are both male and female condoms available in the marketplace. Condoms should be used for any sexual activity, including oral sex.
7. If you notice any bumps, redness, or open sores in your genital region--or if you have burning during urination or a feeling of being ill--you should make an appointment with a doctor to be checked for a STD. You should abstain from sexual activity until your appointment, and you should be honest with your partner about the results.
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INTRODUCTION {#s1}
============
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and the third most common cause of cancer mortality \[[@R1],[@R2]\]. More than 75% of HCC patients develop recurrence and/or metastasis within 5 years after surgery becoming the main cause of death for these individuals \[[@R3]\]. Reversible tyrosine phosphorylation is critical for regulating the signaling pathways involved in tumor cell adhesion, invasion, and metastasis, It is governed by the balance between protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and protein-tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) \[[@R4]\]. Compared with the large family of PTKs, PTPs superfamily has been less intensively studied. The phosphatase of regenerating liver (PRL) subgroup of PTPs, a unique class of prenylated phosphatases, had received much attention since PRL-3 was found to be the only gene consistently overexpressed in all 18 metastatic colorectal cancers \[[@R5]\].
Among the PRL family, PRL-3 is the most thoroughly investigated and its upregualtion is associated with progression and metastasis of several types of human cancer, including colorectal, breast, and gastric tumors \[[@R6]-[@R8]\]. PRL-3 shows promise as a potential biomarker of cancer prognosis as well as therapeutic target of cancers \[[@R9]\]. In contrast, the role in cancer of PRL-1 and PRL-2, the other two members of PRLs family, is less well studied. PRL-1 phosphatase (also known as PTP4A1) was originally identified as an immediate early gene in regenerating liver after partial hepatectomy and mitogen-stimulated cells \[[@R10],[@R11]\]. Subsequent studies revealed that PRL-1 expression was elevated in several tumor cell lines, and ectopic overexpression of PRL-1 enhanced tumor cell proliferation \[[@R12]\], clonogenic growth in soft agar \[[@R11]\], as well as migration and invasion \[[@R13],[@R14]\]. Importantly, the expression of PRL-1 enhanced metastatic potential of tumors. Zeng et al \[[@R13]\] demonstated that following the injection of Myc-PRL-1-expressing CHO cells into the tail vein of mice, induced lung metastases occurred, whereas control cells did not form lung tumors. A similar experiment \[[@R6]\] found that both the number and volume of hepatic metastatic foci decreased significantly in the mice injected with PRL-1-small interfering RNA-treated DLD-1 cells as compared to control cells. These results suggested an oncogenic role for PRL-1 in cancer progression and metastasis.
Functionally, PRL-1 phosphatase has been linked to several pathways \[[@R15]\], including the regulation of diverse focal adhesion components (e.g. p130Cas, Src, FAK) \[[@R16],[@R17]\], Rho GTPases family \[[@R14]\], ERK1/2 \[[@R18]\] as well as MMPs \[[@R19]\]. However, the fuction of PRL-1 in cancer cells including liver cancer, is poorly understood, even though PRL-1 phosphatase was first discovered in regenerating liver tissue. In this report, we show that (i) PRL-1 is very frequently amplified and overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma; (ii) PRL-1 represses E-cadherin expression associated with enhancing hepatoma cells migration and invasion in concert with activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway; (iii) Elevated level of PRL-1 is associated with intravascular metastasis and an independent prognostic factor for poor survival for patients with HCC.
RESULTS {#s2}
=======
Copy number amplification and higher protein levels of PRL-1 are frequently detected in HCC tissues {#s2_1}
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DNA copy number analysis of HCC samples showed that 7/60 (12%) samples had amplification of Chr6:q12, in two cases which had a narrow region of Chr6:q12 with high DNA copy number. The common minimum amplified region (CMAR) of chr6 (q12) encompassed only the PRL-1 and PHF3 genes (Figure [1A](#F1){ref-type="fig"}). Moreover, PRL-1 is expressed as an immediate-early gene in regenerating liver \[[@R11]\], prompting us to focus further on this gene. Protein expression level of PRL-1 was examined in 167 HCC specimens and 7 normal liver samples by IHC. The immunohistochemical staining intensity was divided into low, medium and high groups (Figure [1B](#F1){ref-type="fig"}). Compared with normal liver tissues, levels of PRL-1 were significantly higher in HCC samples. 65% (109/167) of HCC cases had high staining, 15% (25/167) with medium staining and 20% (33/167) low staining (Figure [1C](#F1){ref-type="fig"}). In contrast, all 7 non-neoplastic liver tissues displayed low immunohistochemical staining. Integrative analysis of both our SNP-Chip and protein expression data strongly suggests that PRL-1 may function as an oncogene in HCC.
{#F1}
High-level protein expression of PRL-1 in HCC is associated with an aggressive and/or poor prognostic phenotype {#s2_2}
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The clinicopathological and prognostic significance of PRL-1 protein levels in HCC patients were examined using correlation, Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. High PRL-1 protein level was significantly correlated with a more aggressive tumor phenotype as measured by TNM stage as well as cancer thrombus (*p*\<0.05, Table1). The median overall survival (OS) of high-level PRL-1 expression group (10.07 months) was much shorter than the OS of the low/medium-level group (26.07 months) (*p*=0.0136, Figure [1D](#F1){ref-type="fig"}). Univariate Cox regression analysis also indicated those patients whose HCC had high expression of PRL-1 had shorter OS (*p*=0.012, Table [2](#T2){ref-type="table"}). Furthermore, multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that high-level expression of PRL-1 is an independent prognostic factor for poor OS of patients with HCC (*p*=0.017, Table [2](#T2){ref-type="table"}).
###### Table [1](#T1){ref-type="table"}. Correlation of PRL-1 Expression Levels with Clinicopathological Status in HCC Patients
Variables[^a^](#tfn_001){ref-type="table-fn"} PRL-1 P-value[^b^](#tfn_002){ref-type="table-fn"}
----------------------------------------------- ------- --------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------
Age(years) 0.100
\<45 15 42
≥45 43 67
Gender 0.885
male 49 93
female 9 16
AFP(ug/L) 0.122
\<400 37 56
≥400 20 51
HBV infection 0.886
(−) 7 14
(+) 51 95
Tumor size(cm) 0.399
\>5 17 39
≥5 41 70
cirrhosis 0.013[\*](#tfn_003){ref-type="table-fn"}
(−) 20 19
(+) 38 90
TNM stage 0.035[\*](#tfn_003){ref-type="table-fn"}
I 33 43
II/III 25 65
Histological grade 0.534
I 21 35
II 24 38
III 12 30
cancer thrombus 0.048[\*](#tfn_003){ref-type="table-fn"}
(−) 38 54
(+) 20 55
Cases with missing data were not included for analysis
p-value by Chi-square test
AFP, alpha-fetoprotein; HBV, hepatitis B virus; TNM, tumour-node-metastasis
p\<0.05
###### Univariate and multivariate analysis of factors associated with overall survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Vavirable cases number HR(95%CI) p value
----------------------- -------------- -------------------- ---------
Univariate analysis
Age(years) 0.049
\<45 vs ≥45 50/90 0.690(0.477-0.999)
Gender 0.014
Male vs Female 118/22 1.814(1.128-2.915)
AFP(ug/L) 0.040
\<400 vs ≥400 77/63 1.454(1.018-2.078)
HBV infection 0.772
(−) vs (+) 19/121 1.098(0.657-1.834)
Tumor size(cm) 0.003
\<5 vs ≥5 44/96 1.807(1.221-2.675)
Cirrhosis 0.211
(−) vs (+) 36/104 1.311(0.858-2.003)
TNM stage 0.000
I vs II/III 65/75 2.046(1.426-2.937)
Histological grade 0.004
I/II vs III 102/38 1.798(1.203-2.687)
Cancer thrombus 0.000
(−) vs (+) 71/69 2.038(1.420-2.925)
PRL-1(expression) 0.012
Low/midum vs High 51/89 1.629(1.116-2.377)
Multivariate analysis
Gender 0.004
Male vs Female 118/22 2.026(1.249-3.286)
PRL-1(expression) 0.017
Low/Medium vs High 51/89 1.584(1.084-2.316)
TNM stage 0.000
I vs II/III 65/75 2.318(1.478-3.091)
HRs(95% CI) and p values were calculated using univariate or multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression in 140 cases
AFP, alpha-fetoprotein; HBV, hepatitis B virus; TNM, tumour-node-metastasis
Exogenous overexpression of PRL-1 enhanced migration and invasion of hepatoma cells *in vitro* {#s2_3}
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The above observations prompted us to explore the potential biological function of PRL-1 in HCC progression. HCC cell lines were stably transfected with pMSCV-HA-PRL-1 expression vector (Figure [2A,B](#F2){ref-type="fig"}). Those cells with forced expression of PRL-1had greaten ability to migrate compared to control (ctrl) cells as measured by both a wound-healing assay and a Matrigel invasion assays using Huh7-HA-PRL-1 and SK-hep1-HA-PRL-1 cells versus vector contro cells (p\<0.01, Figure [2C,D](#F2){ref-type="fig"}).
{#F2}
PRL-1 inhibits E-cadherin expression in HCC cell lines and has inverse correlation with E-cadherin expression in HCC tissues {#s2_4}
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) provides cancer cells with invasive and metastatic properties \[[@R20]\]. We investigated whether PRL-1 may be involved in regulation of EMT in HCC. Expression of E-cadherin was down-regulated after ectopic overexpression of PRL-1 in Huh7 and SK-hep1 cells (Figure [3A](#F3){ref-type="fig"}). In contrast, silencing PRL-1 expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) caused a marked increase of E-cadherin mRNA levels in the HepG2 cell line (p\<0.05, Figure [3A](#F3){ref-type="fig"}). Congruent with the RNA data, western blots showed that E-cadherin protein levels decreased after reintroduction of PRL-1 in Huh7 and SK-hep1 cell lines, and knockdown of PRL-1 expression caused a marked enhancement of E-cadherin protein level in Huh7 cells (Figure [4A,B,C](#F4){ref-type="fig"}). Furthermore, immunofluorescence assay confirmed that forced expression of PRL-1 down-regulated E-cadherin protein level in Huh7 and SK-hep1 HCC cell lines (Figure [3B](#F3){ref-type="fig"}). Taken together, these results indicate that PRL-1 regulated E-cadherin expression in HCC cells at both the mRNA and protein levels.
{#F3}
{#F4}
The relationship between PRL-1 and E-cadherin expression was further evaluated by IHC in 167 clinical HCC samples. A total of 83% (90/109) of HCC samples with high PRL-1 expression level displayed low E-cadherin expression. Likewise, 44% (17/39) of cases with high level of E-cadherin had low expression level of PRL-1. Correlation analysis found that a significant negative correlation existed between expression of PRL-1 and E-cadherin in HCC \[*p*=0.002 (Spearman\'s rho test), Figure [3C](#F3){ref-type="fig"}\]. Representative case No.64 showed high PRL-1 and low E-cadherin expression levels; and vice versa was noted in case No.54. Taken together, these results suggest that PRL-1 regulates the expression of E-cadherin in HCC.
PRL-1 inhibits the expression of E-cadherin in HCC by activating PI3K/AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway {#s2_5}
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PI3K/AKT signaling pathway modulates EMT \[[@R20]\], prompting us to examine this pathway in HCC cell lines using western blot assay. Exogenous overexpression of PRL-1 in Huh7 and SK-hep1 cell lines enhanced phosphorylation of AKT at Ser^474^,which resulted in increase phosphorylation of GSK3βand elevated levels of Snail expression and as previously noted, decreased E-cadherin expression (Figure [4A,B](#F4){ref-type="fig"}). In contradistinction, silencing of PRL-1 protein level using siRNA interference caused down-regulation of expression of p-AKT(Ser^474^), p-GSK3β(Ser^9^) and Snail transcriptional factor (Figure [4C](#F4){ref-type="fig"}).
To explore further whether PI3K/AKT signaling pathway is involved in PRL-1-mediated inhibition of E-cadherin expression, ZSTK474, a novel phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor was utilized. Decrease of p-AKT (Ser^474^) after exposure of the cells to ZSKT474 reduced expression of p-GSK3β (Ser^9^) and Snail and restored E-cadherin expression (Figure [4D](#F4){ref-type="fig"}). Collectively, these observations support that PRL-1 can enhance the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway resulting in a reduction of E-cadherin expression in HCC cells.
PI3K/AKT signals are potentially involved in PRL-1-enhanced HCC cell migration and invasion {#s2_6}
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
To evaluate whether PI3K/AKT signals could mediate the invasive properties of PRL-1 in HCC, stably transfected Huh7-HA-PRL-1 cells were treated with PI3K inhibitor, ZSTK474 (10 uM) which abrogated the enhanced migration mediated by PRL-1 in HCC cells as measured by the wound-healing assay (Figure [4E](#F4){ref-type="fig"}) and the matrigel invasion assay (*p*\<0.01, Figure [4F](#F4){ref-type="fig"}). These results provide evidence that an active PI3K/AKT signaling pathway can mediate the invasive activities of hepatoma cells that overexpress PRL-1.
PRL-1 is potentially involved in metastatic process of primary liver cancer {#s2_7}
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tissue sections of 13 HCC cases with intravascular cancer thrombus were analyzed by IHC. A total of 10/13 (77%) of cases displayed high IHC staining of PRL-1 in the metastatic intravascular cancer thrombus. McNemar test showed that that IHC staining intensity of PRL-1 is stronger in metastatic lesion than in primary liver cancer (*p*=0.031). Three representative examples showed the strong IHC staining of PRL-1 in the intravascular cancer thrombus (Figure [5A](#F5){ref-type="fig"}). These findings are consistent with PRL-1 playing an important role in the metastatic process of primary HCC.
{#F5}
DISCUSSION {#s3}
==========
A powerful approach to discover key genes playing causal roles in tumorigenesis is to identify genomic regions that undergo frequent alterations in human cancers \[[@R21]\]. High-density SNP-Chip arrays allow rapid detection of copy number changes in small regions of the cancer genome DNA, including amplifications, deletions, and acquired uniparental disomy (AUPD) \[[@R22],[@R23]\]. In some cases, focal somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs) have led to the identification of cancer-causing genes \[[@R24]-[@R26]\]. Our high-density SNP-Chip arrays showed that seven of 60 HCC patients had PRL-1 copy number amplification. In addition, we observed by IHC that upregulation of expression of PRL-1 protein was a frequent event in HCC tissues. Together, the data implicated PRL-1 as a potential cancer-related gene in HCC.
Elevated PRL-1 levels were significantly associated with higher TNM stages and intravascular cancer thrombus in HCC, indicating a more aggressive tumor phenotype. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis suggested that increased expression of PRL-1 was an independent indicator of short post-surgical OS for patients with HCC. Functional analysis of PRL-1 in HCC cells demonstrated that overexpression of PRL-1 dramatically enhanced hepatoma cells migration and invasion.
Recurrence and metastasis are two related hallmarks of cancer \[[@R27]\]. Both are major causes of HCC-related mortility. Thus, identification the underlying molecular mechanisms are critical. EMT, is strongly hypothesized as a driver of cancer progression and metastasis \[[@R28]\]. This process results in the loss of epithelial properties including cell-cell adhesion and baso-apical polarity, and the gain of mesenchymal properties, which facilitates cell motility and invasion \[[@R29]\]. Among the markers of EMT, decrease of expression of E-cadherin has been recognized as a central molecule. Furthermore, loss of E-cadherin is correlated with tumor progression and metastasis in a variety of human cancers \[[@R30]\]. Our experimental data showed that exogenous expression of PRL-1 depressed E-cadherin expression level, while silencing of PRL-1 levels elevated E-cadherin expression at both mRNA and protein levels of HCC cells. Importantly, we found that expression levels of PRL-1 were significantly inversely correlated with expression levels of E-cadherin in HCC using tissue microarrays. These observations suggest that PRL-1 potentially accelerates liver cancer cells progression through inhibiting E-cadherin expression.
We dissected the molecular signaling pathway associated with ability of PRL-1 to repress expression of E-cadherin. Reintroduction of PRL-1 in Huh7 and SK-hep1 HCC cell lines caused phosphorylation of AKT at ser^474^, which subsequently inactivated GSK-3β at ser^9^ and elevated transcriptional factor Snail expression. Snail is known to be able to down-regulate transcription of E-cadherin. Consistent with this PRL-1 signaling pathway, the knockdown of PRL-1 expression in Huh7 cell line inhibited phosphorylation of AKT at ser^473^, activated GSK-3β at ser^9^, and decreased Snail expression, resulting in restoration of E-cadherin expression. In addition, treatment of PRL-1 stably-transfected HCC cells (Huh7) with PI3K inhibitor ZSTK474 remarkably repressed activities of phosphorylation of AKT at ser^474^, restored GSK-3βactivities, inhibited Snail expression, rescued the expression of E-cadherin, as well as repressed cells migration and invasion. In summary, elevated levels of PRL-1 in HCC cells activate the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway resulting in Snail repression E-cadherin transcription and enhanced migration and invasion of HCC cells. Furthermore, intravascular HCC thrombi had high PRL-1 expression, consistent with elevated PRL-1 acting as a pro-metastatic factor in HCC. Our data also suggest that PRL-1 may be an useful prognostic marker and/or an effective therapeutic target for HCC patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS {#s4}
=====================
DNA preparation and high-density SNP-Chip analysis {#s4_1}
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K-phenol-chloroform extraction method was used to extract DNA from HCC samples. Written informed consent for research use of all of these samples was obtained prior to surgery, according to a protocol approved by the institutional ethics committee. SNP-Chips for human 50k XbaI / 250k Nsp arrays were used for this study (SNP-Chip, Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA, USA), as previous described \[[@R22],[@R23]\]. The ArrayExpress accession number is E-MEXP-1330.
Tissue specimens and tissue microarray {#s4_2}
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HCC and the adjacent normal liver tissue samples were obtained with informed consent under institutional review board-approved protocols. The samples were collected between June 2000 and September 2007 at the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University (Guangzhou, China). The HCC cases selected were based on a clear pathological diagnosis, follow-up data; and the patients had not received previous local or systemic treatment. Tumour stage was defined according to the 2002 American Joint Committee on Cancer/International Union Against Cancer tumour-node-metastasis classification system. This study was approved by the institute research ethics committee of the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University. Tissue microarray was constructed by He C. et al \[[@R31]\].
Cell cultures and reagents {#s4_3}
--------------------------
Three HCC cell lines (i.e., HepG2, Huh7 and SK-hep1) and 293T cell line were cultured in Dulbecco\'s Modification of Eagle\'s Medium (DMEM; Gibco, Carlsbad, CA, USA) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Gibco, Carlsbad, CA, USA). The stably transfected cell lines were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS and 1 μg/mL puromycin (Sigama-Aldrich, St.louis, MO, USA). All cells were maintained at 37oC in a humidified incubator with 5% CO~2~.
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) {#s4_4}
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The immunohistochemical study of PRL-1 and E-cadherin was performed using a standard two-step technique. Paraffin sections were dried for 20min at 68°C, dewaxed in xylene, rehydrated through graded alcohol, and immersed in 3% hydrogen peroxide for 15 min to block endogenous peroxidase activity. An antigen retrieval process was accomplished using hyperbaric heating (HH) repair with 10 mM citrate buffer (pH 6) for 3 min. The slides were incubated with 5% normal goat serum at room temperature for 30 min to reduce nonspecific reaction. Subsequently, the slides were incubated overnight at 4°C with either rabbit polyclonal antibody against PRL-1 (1:100; Abgent, USA) or rabbit monoclonal antibody against E-cadherin (1:100; Cell Signaling Technology, USA). After rinsing three times with 0.01 mol / L phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; pH = 7.4) for 10 min, the detection of the primary antibody was achieved by addition of a secondary antibody (Envision; Dako, Glostrup, Denmark) for 1 h at room temperature, and stained with DAB (3,3-diaminobenzidine) after washing in PBS again. Finally, the sections were counterstained with Mayer\'s hematoxylin, dehydrated, and mounted. PBC replaced primary antibody as a negative control.
Construction of pMSCV-HA-PRL-1 plasmid {#s4_5}
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PCR fragments of HA-PRL-1 were inserted into BgiII and XhoI sites of the pMSCV-PIG vector provided by Dr. Mendel \[[@R32]\].
Production of PRL-1 stable HCC cell lines {#s4_6}
-----------------------------------------
HepG2, Huh7, and SK-hep1 HCC cell lines were stably infected using pMSCV-PIG vector containing the human PRL-1 gene. HEK293T packaging cells were transfected with the appropriate retroviral construct using Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen). Culture supernatants were collected 36 to 60 hours after transfection and filtered. Target cells were infected with the filtered viral supernatants in the presence of 6 μg/mL Polybrene for 48 hours, after which the medium was changed. Following infection, cells were selected with 4 μg/mL puromycin for 2 weeks, and the resistant population was used for cellular assays.
Wound healing and invasion assays {#s4_7}
---------------------------------
Cell migration was assessed by measuring the movement of cells into a scraped, acellular area created by the tip of a 200 ul pipette, and the degree of "wound closure" was observed after 24h and photographed under a microscope. We measured the fraction of cell coverage compared to initiate gap and defined it as the migration rate. For invasion assays, 10^5^ cells were added to a Matrigel invasion chamber (BD Biosciences, New Jersey, USA) present in the insert of a 24-well culture plate. 10% FBS was added to the lower chamber as a chemo-attractant. After either 10 h (SK-hep1 cells) or 12 h (Huh7 cells), the non-invading cells were gently removed with a cotton swab. Invasive cells, located on the lower side of the chamber, were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) and stained with crystal violet, air dried and photographed. For colorimetric assays, the samples were treated with 600 ul 33% acetic acid, and the absorbance was measured at 570 nm with a spectrophotometer (Spectramax M5).
RNA isolation and quantitative real-time PCR {#s4_8}
--------------------------------------------
Total RNA was extracted with TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, California, USA). cDNA was synthesized with the Prime Script RTase (Takara, Inc) according to the manufacturer\'s instructions. Real-time PCR for PRL-1, E-cadherin, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH, an internal control) was performed on a LightCycler 480 system (Roche) using Premix Ex Taq (Takara, Inc) according to the manufacturer\'s instructions. Following primer pairs were used for each reaction: PRL-1, 5\'-ACCAATGCGACCTTAAACAAA-3\' (forward) and 5\'-AATCTGGTTGGATGGTGGTG-3\' (reverse); E-cadherin, 5\'-CGTCCTGGGCAGAGTGAA-3\' (forward) and 5\'-GGCGTAGACCAAGAAATGGA-3\' (reverse); GAPDH, 5\'-AGCCACATCGCTCAGACAC-3\' (forward) and 5\'-GAATTTGCCATGGGTGGA-3\' (reverse).
RNA interference {#s4_9}
----------------
Short interfering RNA specifically against PRL-1 \[[@R12],[@R33]\] and the corresponding scrambled siRNA (GenePharma, Shanghai, China) were transfected into HCC cells in six-well plates using X-treme GENE siRNA Transfection Reagent (Roche, German) according to the manufacturer\'s instructions. Confirmation of silencing of target gene was measured by western blotting 48h post-transfection.
Western blot assay {#s4_10}
------------------
Cells were harvested and lysed in cell lysis buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl \[pH [@R7].[@R4]\], 250 mM NaCl, 0.1% NP-40, 5 mM EDTA, 2 ug/ml leupeptin, 2 ug/ml aprotinin, 4 mM Prefabloc SC, and protein inhibitor cocktail). Each 25 ug aliquot of denatured protein were separated by 10% SDS-PAGE, and then transferred onto a 0.22 um polyvinylidene difluoride membranes (Millipore). After completing protein transfer, the membrane was blocked in 5% (w/v) skimmed milk in TBST and incubated overnight at 4oC with the rabbit polyclonal antibody (IgG) against AKT, p-AKT (Ser^474^), GSK3β, p-GSK3β (Ser^9^), Snail, E-cadherin, PRL-1, and HA, respectively. The blots were detected by the secondary antibody, horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-linked polyclonal goat anti-rabbit IgG and visualized with SuperSignal West Dura (Thermo). GAPDH served as an internal loading control. Except that PRL-1 antibody was obtained from Abgent, all the other antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology. All antibodies were diluted to 1:1000.
Immunofluorescence analysis {#s4_11}
---------------------------
Cells were grown in glass-bottom dishes (Nest, Wuxi, China) to 50-70% confluence, washed three times with PBST, fixed in 4% PFA and processed for immunofluorescence staining. For IF staining, cells were first incubated with primary mouse anti-HA antibody (1:400 dilution) and rabbit anti-E-cadherin (1:200 dilution) overnight at 4°C. After thorough washing, cells underwent 1 hour incubation with fluorescence-conjugated secondary antibody (Pyld-conjugated goat anti-mouse, APC-conjugated goat anti-rabbit) at room temperature. Subsequently, cells were washed and stained with 0.5 ug/ml DAPI (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA). Finally, cells were washed three times with PBST and photographed under a laser confocal microscope (Zeiss LSM710, German).
Statistical analysis {#s4_12}
--------------------
Statistical analysis was performed using a SPSS software package (SPSS Standard version 13.0, SPSS Inc). Differences between variables were assessed by the Chi-square test. Survival analysis of patients with HCC was calculated by Kaplan-Meier analysis. A log rank test was used to compare different survival curves. Multivariate survival analysis was performed on all parameters that were found to be significant in univariate analysis using the Cox regression model. Data derived from cell-line experiments are presented as mean±SD (X±SD) and assessed by a two-tailed Student t test. *p* Values \<0.05 were considered significant.
This work was supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of China (81071788, 81272956,81372565); grants from the "985 project" of Sun Yat-sen University; grants from the "Team project" of Guangdong Provincial Department of Science and Technology (S2012030006287);Guangdong Provincial Department of science and Technology Fund (2009B080701088); Grants from Guangzhou Bureau of Science and Information Technology(2013J4500011); and by Key Laboratory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes (KLB09001) and Guangzhou Bureau of Science and Information Technology (\[2013\]163). We are very grateful to Dr. Chuanchao He for clinicopathologic data colletion, and to Drs. Kaishun Hu and Jianyou Liao for helpful discussion and advice.
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '1f76d29569a03ad860ca370816f0b7fa1c2e01058ebd0fae5bdf6020c73df677'} |
How does your cat see the world
Eye care for animalsHumans are primarily visual creatures, and it can be odd to think of using our noses or ears instead. Cats experience the world through all their senses, but their eyes aren’t primary. Eyes are more like extremely important support. Today, we want to go over just what your cat sees!
Peripheral Vision
As we said on our page about animal vision, eyes can only see as much as they’re positioned to see. Humans share binocular vision with cats and dogs, but there are many differences amongst us all. While dogs’ eyes sometimes tend to be placed on the sides of their heads, cats’ eyes face front like human eyes do.
Cats have 20 degrees more peripheral vision than humans do, which is perfect for staying aware of their surroundings. They identify things by motion, so the ability to spot movement is very important.
Night Vision
We have to put on special goggles to see at night, but cats don’t. It’s a good thing, too. They evolved to hunt at night. Their eyes have to let in lots of light, which means their pupils can dilate far beyond what ours can. If you’ve ever seen your cat’s eyes fully dilated, you understand how extreme the dilation can get. Their eyes become all pupil!
Dilation isn’t the only advantage that cats have over humans at night. Their eyes actually capture and build up light within their eyes by bouncing it against a reflective layer under the retina. This layer is called the “tapetum,” and it’s responsible for the eerie flash/glow of cats’ eyes in the dark.
If you want to see color, you’ve got to have cone cells in your retina. Because cats have a mere fifth the cone cells humans do, they mostly see in black and white. They can also see blue and yellow, but they don’t see saturated colors. As we said before, they depend on movement and contrast to identify objects.
This term refers to the ability to focus, and humans totally beat cats here. Cats have about 20-40 percent of the visual acuity we do, which means they cannot depend on their vision the same way we do. Cats are quite nearsighted, which works when they’re hunting down prey. Again, it’s good that they can smell and hear so well. They can lean on those two senses and use vision to confirm what they already know they’re smelling or hearing.
Though many animals depend on senses other than vision to experience the world, vision still plays a very important role in their quality of life. When they have trouble seeing, it can lead to injuries and danger. At Animal Eye Associates, we work hard so we can ensure your animal friend’s eyes fulfill their role. We have experience with an extremely diverse range of animals, and we’re passionate about what we do. If your pet is having trouble seeing, contact us and let our animal eye care professionals help! We provide eye care for animals in offices in Orlando and Maitland. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.950935959815979}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '35203', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:PD7LBWAXNYHKMZ7NPNOCTE7KZBUQMLJK', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:1aa675ae-8843-4f6f-81f6-96b88441faa0>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 9, 21, 14, 24, 44), 'WARC-IP-Address': '54.204.13.155', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:JTJ5U34EA2PHTSXFXDR52LQXYXX3ZCKP', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:41697fa1-fb4d-4863-84fd-304b3cdaa785>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.animaleyegroup.com/blog/how-does-your-cat-see-the-world/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:6c1fc213-ea66-4f75-bd47-c2d1a0be453d>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '515', 'url': 'https://www.animaleyegroup.com/blog/how-does-your-cat-see-the-world/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-39\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-93\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.49835896492004395', 'original_id': '91555b4af48091464ce14170b1307a3f59e78dd01fcbe4b25c83edb8582443a6'} |
A Gentleman at Ursinus
Amor Towles, the internationally acclaimed novelist who wrote the bestseller Rules of Civility, visited the college to discuss his latest book, A Gentleman in Moscow.
The author’s visit was part of Montgomery County Libraries’ “One Book, One County” event.
The novel follows Count Alexander Rostov, who has been sentenced to house arrest, or rather, hotel arrest in the renowned Metropol Hotel in Moscow.
The idea came to Towles as he traveled, he explained, staying in many of the same hotels year after year. He would see some of the same people sitting in the lobby exactly as he had remembered them.
“It was as if they had never left,” he said.
He was inspired to write a tale of someone who was confined to a hotel, thinking immediately of Russia, and jotting down his thoughts and ideas on hotel stationary. Despite never having studied its history in school, Russia soon became the unsolicited home of Count Alexander for the next 32 years.
Towles explained that living constraints were often put on people in Russia. “House arrest was very much a thing in Russia,” he said, adding, “If you were a little questionable they could give you the “minus six” rule. You could go anywhere but the six major cities.”
Others could have been exiled to Siberia, but for Towles, his imagination led him to picture the elegant hotel that stood in the middle of Moscow.
The Metropol, with its luxurious design, hot water, telephones, and fine international food, became a hub for both travelers and native Muscovites. It was the perfect backdrop for Count Alexander’s confined adventure, home to intrigue, political discourse, and all sorts of interesting characters passing through.
Towles provided visitors with a vivid background of the political and physical changes made to Moscow and the Metropol Hotel during the early 20th century, complete with projected maps and photographs of the city.
He kicked off a question-and-answer session, joking, “I’m happy to answer any questions you have, and if you don’t, then I’ll ask them myself.”
Questions ranged from “Why do all of the chapters begin with A?” To which Towles explained that he didn’t have a reason, but he enjoyed hearing reader theories about new beginnings and how he must have simply wanted to give a nod to his own first name, as well as to the main character’s name.
Towles discussed his process for A Gentleman in Moscow. He started with a detailed outline that he worked on for about a year before moving onto a draft, which he reworked for another year or two before making significant revisions for the next two to three years, totaling a four-to five-year-long process.
The author also announced that as of 24 hours before the event, award-winning actor Kenneth Branagh had officially signed on to star in and produce a TV adaptation of A Gentleman in Moscow.
The discussion was followed by a book signing in Bomberger Auditorium. –By Mary Lobo ’15 | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9815949201583862}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '25667', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:3NGTLZDE2I6EVNP6SHXIBT6PT6DWNJ2B', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:f9267db4-3e4f-4b38-bcc1-8854aa4f3ee9>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 3, 22, 23, 26, 11), 'WARC-IP-Address': '198.17.40.65', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:W5NMMSJH27NHPS63BLKPAEZNK4RM2OJN', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:30924353-2997-4af6-bae3-fa603692f875>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.ursinus.edu/live/news/2768-a-gentleman-at-ursinus', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:7a21bcb7-6c4d-4e08-8ed1-939eabfcec6e>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '486', 'url': 'https://www.ursinus.edu/live/news/2768-a-gentleman-at-ursinus', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-13\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for March 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-13-253-122.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.043169379234313965', 'original_id': 'cb5ce78e02b72cb8831246eae4e4fd36fca63d2100515353ce5cb823cbd666a4'} |
Flower garden in lovely lace.....
Description
MMM…..I love working with lace!!!! Even do, it is very complicated, but the result allways makes me feel thankfull to God!!! This is a simple shape, marmade wedding gown, but……the bride has the most beautifull shape…..the french chantilly lace is divine, color off white with a gold thread around the desing. It was a wonderfull chalenge, since I do not make seams on a lace……just work around the flower design trying to make it look like if it was woven on the bride`s body., and this lace has a particular design in lines, then it was…..really….more difficult to work with!!! I design a flower garden all around the neck line, and also just over the knees…..all the hem was worked with the border of the lace, and she had the most wonderfull long long mantilla made in fine tulle and with the same border in lace all around. At the back, I made small loops and covered buttons. The train was small but very full. Of course this pictures were taken on her last fitting……NEWS!! I want to invite you to follow me at my blog: Rainforestcouture
1 Reply
My dear seazoo!!! how lovely to hear from you!! and I thank you for your super nice comment!!! Thank you soooooo much my far away friend…..receive a warm embrace from me….in the rainforest!!!! by the way, I have a blog now, so please come a visit me!!!
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Thank you so much for your kind comment!!! specially coming from an expert like your self. I love all the hats that you make, and also the pieces that goes on the legs on top of the shoes, they are so different and lovely!!! Best regards!!
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Thank you my dear Gabrielle!!! Also I wish you a happy 4th of July!!!! Actually, I enjoy working with lace very much…..and I have just finished a very simple, elegant dress (for the mother of the bride) done in a very different type of lace…..it was more like a spider web lace!!!! so difficult to work with!!!! but……I am thankfull to God that was right there all the time and the work came out so nicely!!! will post it soon. Best regards from your friend……all the way in the rain forest!!!!!!!!!!!!1
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dear adriana! back from my hollidays i found this masterpiece of your work and am amazed by your talent and your love to the detail. this dress is spectacular to say the least and i am so impressed and fall in love with your work again and again! BRAVO
1 Reply
My dear Ralf!!! what a lovely way to tell me wonderfull things you have!!! you make me tearfull many times, but with happiness and also gratefull to God that I have friends like you. I am glad you are both back safely………hugs, hugs, kiss, kiss
2 Replies
Thank you m.j elgin!!! you must come on a holidays to CR!!! I will invite you to my work room, do…..since I work in a personal basis, we hardly ever have the finished dresses here, because as soon as they are done, the client takes them away….but it will be lovely to have you around!!!
1 Reply
CONGRATULATIONS!!! what a wonderfull time you are living!!!! I am sure you are going to look so happy and so beautifull!!! May God will give you both, everything that you need to be a new happy family!!! you must port pictures of your wedding!!! By the way…..thank you so much for your lovely comments to my work…….. :)
Instant Glamour: 6 NEW Women's Plus Patterns
BurdaStyle is a DIY fashion and sewing community. Our aim is to bring the craft of sewing to a new generation of fashion designers, hobbyists, DIY'ers, and inspire fashion enthusiasts. We offer downloadable PDF sewing patterns, project ideas, tutorials and a community passionate about fashion. Press coverage on BurdaStyle can be found here. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'd867f5912ca24172d140c88648df6b6b4e366d0fbf79ba0c2e74e91d4a48e211'} |
Rotc Scholarships | Scholarships 100
Rotc Scholarships
Rotc Scholarships
Are you looking to “be all you can be” in the army? ROTC scholarships could be your door to opportunity in the military and means to pay for a higher education.
The ROTC (Reserve Officer Training Corps) is a college program that prepares young adults for an opportunity to serve in the military. The ROTC program is offered at over 1,000 universities and colleges around the United States. These schools also offer ROTC scholarships in the Navy, Army and Air Force. ROTC scholarships can be applied for even while a student is attending high school, but the general requirements need to be met first.
The general requirements for ROTC scholarships are not difficult to meet. You must be a United States citizen, be at least seventeen years old, but not older than twenty six years. You must be able to show a 2.5 grade point average, have a high school diploma, and pass a physical examination. Also, you must agree to serve in the United Sates military after successfully completing college. ROTC scholarships are an excellent way to pay for college and serve your country at the same time. Also, ROTC is considered one of the best leadership programs in colleges and universities curriculums, and in the country.
During your ROTC classes and training in the field, you will discover what it takes to lead others, and learn how to motivate groups, conduct missions, and upon graduation from ROTC you will earn the rank of a Second Lieutenant. An ROTC scholarship can assist you in financing your college education, and the great part is you don’t have to pay the money back after college! You can avoid the difficulty of most college student having to work their way through college, or borrow through loans and then have to make payments for the next 20 years. Just think of all the hardships ROTC scholarships can save you from.
ROTC can be finished in just about two years, upon graduation you will be commissioned a Second Lieutenant and be making an equivalent civilian pay of about $65,000 during your first four years of service. There are three different types of ROTC scholarships to choose from; four year, three year and two year scholarships.
So whether you’re a college student attending a university or college or you’re a high school student aspiring to go off to college, ROTC scholarships can help you with your financial obligation for your education.
Leave a Reply | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.96393883228302}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '44979', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:ILYXKXCNGZX5XJNTE56LZROF4IJQZZC2', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:4a2f5b4d-9259-4698-9132-f2d913da630c>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 10, 17, 1, 30, 20), 'WARC-IP-Address': '97.74.182.1', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:QHWARHD47MGVGK5HBFYLHZA4HWWDP5KJ', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:c18355bb-4ee2-4b1d-bb2b-45d1e1202740>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://scholarships100.com/rotc-scholarships/303/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:f63219d4-7ba8-4979-8ff1-3efd76e808ee>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '413', 'url': 'http://scholarships100.com/rotc-scholarships/303/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-43\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for October 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-65-99-88.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.02681756019592285', 'original_id': '17325490b80beb7fea307e49a68bc77c1a621242c1b9fd6c5bc764d2268b696b'} |
Everything you need to know about an RCA to HDMI cable
Are you looking for an RCA to HDMI cable? Well, you will definitely find loads if you look online but before you purchase and before you get your hopes up; an RCA is used for analog signals while an HDMI is used for a digital system. Since you are looking for one, you might need to connect an RCA device to an HDMI device and you think the solution is this particular cable. However, once you get your hands on it and you connected both, it might be missing an output while it can be done successfully.
If it is missing an output, then your RCA to HDMI cable will be useless because you will need to get yourself a converter. Remember, there are some connectors that only carry Composite Video + Audio while there are some that carries RGB while others only carries Component Video. These are all not compatible with each other and they are definitely not compatible with the digital HDMI system.
You see, a simple RCA cable plugged at one end and an HDMI plugged at the other end cannot possibly work. A digital analogue box is really needed here and you have to make sure which direction you want the conversion to go. To cut this whole explanation short, an RCA to HDMI cable cannot really work without any converters.
That is also the reason why a lot of experts encourage people who looks for an RCA to HDMI cable to just but a new HDMI device because it’s cheaper and there won’t be any hassles anymore when it comes to connecting the devices. However, not all can afford it while others only need to transfer some files for a short period of time. They won’t be disappointed but their wallets will definitely be disappointed once they are about to purchase a converter, which costs more than a new HDMI DVD player and to think it will only be used once.
Aside from this, the ‘hassle’ begins when you are in the search for an RCA to HDMI cable. Sure, there are plenty of these cables online but how do you know if that cable will work and how sure are you that the seller is reliable? Even if you purchase from a reliable seller, it’ll still be a hassle since there is a big chance that you will need to purchase a converter that will cost you more or less $50. SO, should you really take the time in finding an RCA to HDMI cable or just get yourself a new device?
Leave a Reply
| dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '5', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9474419355392456}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '45281', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:L2CFN6NUJIN6CMWOER5UKZQY5PYNPTGA', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:8fc5c317-35f9-46fb-aa3e-6923bb7a519a>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 10, 21, 4, 33, 50), 'WARC-IP-Address': '172.67.171.151', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:PV5QSLBXDURU7DGBIUDKHSZ3GSVFH2DL', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:0e88622f-fdcc-4b50-98c8-e1e88a8a7de1>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://finditonlinehq.com/everything-you-need-to-know-about-an-rca-to-hdmi-cable/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:9451b0cd-fc57-4706-be99-669c9ea373e3>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '464', 'url': 'https://finditonlinehq.com/everything-you-need-to-know-about-an-rca-to-hdmi-cable/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-45\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for October 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-32.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.17 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.06812399625778198', 'original_id': '9ff6891fcafcd4ef97ebd171282848ff5ef1e47014d3ffe60bc7e8b3aa04fc0a'} |
During human evolution the invention of systems to protect us from climatic factors has been a factor of vital importance, especially when referring to a factor as the cold if it is not treated properly can bring consequences to our health; given this the invention of sheets and blankets, were shown as an element of primary importance in the development of people. The blanket is an element typically used to cover people from the cold, although sometimes it can also be used to wrap large and delicate elements. The blanket is a blanket or sheet, so call it, larger than those already mentioned, developed since the beginning of times where primitive man the towards through the collection of skins. Its evolution began in Babylon where tissues make their Grand appearance, modifying these outright, time later some civilizations such as the Egyptian and Roman began the use of blankets as a symbol of royalty, because the making of these were made using fine wires with accessories such as precious stones and skins. For the middle ages showed the use of blankets as a utensil firsthand, since the freezing nights of European countries, made the manufacture of these were made much more coarse than the usual. An important fact of blankets is medieval royalty apart from making them luxurious, also utilizing several of them of different sizes, in order to obtain the desired temperature. See muscular dystrophy for more details and insights.
19Th the use of blankets became so popular that they began to innovate in all social classes, varying materials in which they were built. Today the evolution of the blankets has been such that the invention of the electric blanket was given as a novel way to combat the cold in the evenings. Electric blankets are designed through a system of resistors placed by all the woven blanket, since these are heated by passing electric current through them to provide heat to the person. Blanket electric had a his home two levels of heat, in the Today there are some that have up to 6 levels, this has made electric blankets to obtain a large field in the marketing thereof. Blankets which suit its temperature automatically, are currently being developed according to the temperature of the environment, this type of blankets are called thermodynamic, although it is still an experimental process. For within a few years these blankets will be an excellent choice when it comes to meet us. The use of rugs not only focuses on cover of cold people, today the variety of designs, colors and styles that these have developed, they have also turned them into a good option for decoration, especially between the public child. It is proper to emphasize that from the evolution of rugs, you have created another type of items such as coats and comforters. According to the above is demonstrated that so simple elements such as blankets have had a valuable contribution to the development full of humanity, and even more now, that these research explores also in the scientific and technological world. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.980072021484375}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '20954', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:T7SY4F3F6OCBDRISYUOS5JKUUYTQLZ2N', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:9da052bd-b5b6-45d1-a44f-454bb78afbd2>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 23, 2, 39, 57), 'WARC-IP-Address': '173.44.39.10', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:SQVHO73HQUX5NEKXYFYZE256U2Y3YTEK', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:5f2e8e87-8f3f-411d-8b93-220fd3dcc16f>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.livingwithautismshow.com/blankets/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:96ce32b4-d1b4-4a6d-a4ea-5a5e5ab3fef1>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '512', 'url': 'http://www.livingwithautismshow.com/blankets/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-04\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for January 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-226.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.17 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.15376132726669312', 'original_id': '388d14ec30ac84554fd5f36da14c5f3c7d239a3aa323446ff9177a8899369f1e'} |
赤井田 良彦（あかいだ よしひこ、1965年4月8日 - ）は日本の男性声優。大阪府出身。最後の所属事務所は東映アカデミー。
出演
テレビドラマ
火曜サスペンス劇場 犯罪心理分析官2 白昼堂々若妻を襲う白いバンに乗った男をプロファイリングせよ（1996年7月23日、日本テレビ）
月曜ドラマスペシャル グルメミステリー 漫画家・真行寺華美の殺人レシピ1 人気料理教室の生徒の財閥娘が殺された…生徒全員に殺人の動機が!?女性大食いコンビが連続殺人の謎に迫る!（1999年5月10日、TBS）
テレビアニメ
OVA
劇場アニメ
ネットドラマ
猫が落ちてきた日（宮内友昭）
脚注
関連項目
大阪府出身の人物一覧
日本の男性声優
大阪府出身の人物
1965年生
存命人物 | common_corpus | {'identifier': 'https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E4%BA%95%E7%94%B0%E8%89%AF%E5%BD%A6', 'collection': 'Wikipedia', 'open_type': 'Open Web', 'license': 'CC-By-SA', 'date': '2023.0', 'title': '赤井田良彦', 'creator': 'https://ja.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=赤井田良彦&action=history', 'language': 'Japanese', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '26', 'token_count': '345', '__index_level_0__': '49255', 'original_id': '6ec20b09d69922ff064b25d66152a5743e9fe080cc64edfec38906b9f3df52e3'} |
Seznam zdravilišč v Sloveniji
seznam Wikimedie
Seznam zdravilišč v Sloveniji primerek od seznam Wikimedie | common_corpus | {'identifier': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19936851', 'collection': 'Wikidata', 'open_type': 'Semantic data', 'license': 'CC0', 'date': '', 'title': 'Seznam zdravilišč v Sloveniji', 'creator': 'None', 'language': 'Multilingual', 'language_type': 'Semantic data', 'word_count': '14', 'token_count': '33', '__index_level_0__': '51942', 'original_id': 'dbbd73aa7bb7b405ad88d98d044e22f12ecabed95cfedb4d80b6ae31989f0666'} |
COURT OF APPEALS
SECOND DISTRICT OF TEXAS
FORT WORTH
NO. 02-14-00425-CR
MICHAEL ROY SHORT APPELLANT
V.
THE STATE OF TEXAS STATE
----------
FROM THE 297TH DISTRICT COURT OF TARRANT COUNTY
TRIAL COURT NO. 1343102D
----------
MEMORANDUM OPINION 1
----------
In a single issue in this appeal from a robbery 2 conviction, appellant
Michael Roy Short contends that the evidence is insufficient to show that the
special owner from whom the State alleges he appropriated property had a
greater right to possession of the property than he did. We affirm.
1
See Tex. R. App. P. 47.4.
2
See Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 29.02(a)(1) (West 2011).
Background Facts
One day in September 2013, appellant went to the automotive department
of a Wal-Mart store, selected some headlights, and walked into a bathroom.
Cole Brock, an asset protection specialist for Wal-Mart, 3 noticed appellant
walking briskly and began to monitor him. Appellant left the bathroom, walked
through the store, passed the cash registers, and exited. Brock did not approach
appellant because at that time, he was not sure that appellant had any of the
store’s merchandise.
Once outside, appellant pulled the headlights out from beneath the front of
his pants. After spending approximately one minute outside, appellant reentered
the store and exchanged the headlights, which looked like they had been
tampered with, for a gift card with a value of $51.83, which could be treated like
cash inside Wal-Mart. He eventually attempted to exit the store a second time
when Brock and an off-duty police officer, Robert San Filipo, confronted him.
Appellant immediately attempted to run away but was caught by Officer San
Filipo, whom appellant punched in the jaw. Officer San Filipo tackled appellant
and eventually used a Taser to subdue him.
A grand jury indicted appellant with robbery. The indictment included a
paragraph alleging that appellant had been previously convicted of burglary.
Appellant received appointed counsel and pled not guilty.
3
Brock testified that he had been employed by Wal-Mart as an asset
protection specialist for several years.
2
After the parties completed their presentation of evidence and arguments
in the guilt-innocence phase of the trial, a jury convicted appellant of robbery.
The trial court heard evidence related to appellant’s punishment (including his
criminal history), found the indictment’s enhancement allegation to be true
(based on appellant’s plea of true), and sentenced him to twenty years’
confinement. Appellant brought this appeal.
Alleged Insufficiency of Evidence
In his sole issue, appellant challenges the sufficiency of the evidence to
support his conviction. In our due-process review of the sufficiency of the
evidence to support a conviction, we view all of the evidence in the light most
favorable to the verdict to determine whether any rational trier of fact could have
found the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt. Jackson
v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319, 99 S. Ct. 2781, 2789 (1979); Dobbs v. State, 434
S.W.3d 166, 170 (Tex. Crim. App. 2014). This standard gives full play to the
responsibility of the trier of fact to resolve conflicts in the testimony, to weigh the
evidence, and to draw reasonable inferences from basic facts to ultimate facts.
Jackson, 443 U.S. at 319, 99 S. Ct. at 2789; Dobbs, 434 S.W.3d at 170.
Appellant contends that the State “failed to adduce evidence that [Brock]
had a greater right of possession of either the Sylvania headlights or the Wal-
Mart gift card than [he did]. The State’s evidence is therefore insufficient to
support the judgment so [appellant] is entitled to an acquittal.” A person commits
robbery if he intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly causes bodily injury to another
3
“in the course of committing theft . . . and with intent to obtain or maintain control
of the property.” Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 29.02(a)(1). Theft occurs when a
person “unlawfully appropriates property with intent to deprive the owner of
property.” Id. § 31.03(a) (West Supp. 2014); see Byrd v. State, 336 S.W.3d 242,
250–51 (Tex. Crim. App. 2011) (explaining that the “gravamen of theft is two-
pronged—taking certain specified property away from its rightful owner or
depriving that owner of its use or enjoyment”). An “owner” of property includes
someone with a greater right to possession of the property than the defendant.
Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 1.07(a)(35)(A) (West Supp. 2014); see Sandone v.
State, 394 S.W.3d 788, 791 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2013, no pet.). “Possession”
of property includes control or management of it. Tex. Penal Code Ann.
§ 1.07(a)(39).
When property is owned by a corporation, proof of a “special owner” is
sufficient to satisfy the ownership requirement. Martinez v. State, No. 02-14-
00423-CR, 2015 WL 1967442, at *2 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth Apr. 30, 2015, no
pet.) (mem. op., not designated for publication); Jackson v. State, 270 S.W.3d
649, 657 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2008, pet. ref’d) (explaining that a special
owner “is an individual, such as an employee, who is in care, custody, or control
of the property belonging to another person or a corporation” and holding that an
auto dealership’s finance director qualified as a special owner of a car).
The facts in this case closely resemble those in Martinez. There, we held
that an employee’s testimony that she was a “security asset protection person” at
4
Wal-Mart was sufficient to establish her position as a special owner that had a
greater right to possession of Wal-Mart’s property than the defendant. Martinez,
2015 WL 1967442, at *2. Similarly, here, Brock testified that he is an “Asset
Protection Specialist” employed by Wal-Mart to prevent the loss of stolen
merchandise. He said that he attempts to prevent thefts from the store by
“walking the store and observing certain elements enabling [him] to make
apprehensions.” He also testified that he uses multiple cameras and a
“Pan/Tilt/Zoom” system to catch shoplifters. He referred to Wal-Mart’s property
as “my product.”
Appellant relies on the court of criminal appeals’s decision in Freeman v.
State, 707 S.W.2d 597 (Tex. Crim. App. 1986). There, the court decided the
question of “whether . . . Marsha F. Bourke, a security guard employed by Sears
. . . had the greater right to possession of property owned by that company than
did Gwendolyn Elaine Freeman, . . . a fellow employee of Bourke’s who worked
as a cashier-clerk at the same store.” Id. at 600. While the court ultimately
affirmed the theft conviction, it noted that before the commission of the offense,
by Bourke’s and Freeman’s common positions as employees of the store, they
had “equal competing possessory interests in [the] property.” Id. at 603–04, 606.
No such evidence exists to show that appellant and Brock ever had equal and
competing interests in the property that appellant stole.
Viewing the evidence and reasonable inferences in the light most favorable
to the jury’s verdict, we affirm the jury’s implicit finding that Brock was a special
5
owner and had a greater right to possession of the property than appellant. See
Martinez, 2015 WL 1967442, at *2; see also Smallwood v. State, 607 S.W.2d
911, 914 (Tex. Crim. App. 1979) (op. on reh’g) (holding that an employee of a
department store, by virtue of the employment, had a greater right of possession
of stolen slacks than the defendant); Gonzalez v. State, No. 13-11-00599-CR,
2013 WL 6834798, at *5 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi July 29, 2013, pet. ref’d)
(mem. op., not designated for publication) (holding that when a loss prevention
officer is the employee of the title owner, the evidence is sufficient to show that
the employee has a greater right of possession to the property than the
defendant); Liggens v. State, 50 S.W.3d 657, 660 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2001,
pet. ref’d) (“Hammack had worked for Albertson’s eighteen years . . . . This was
sufficient evidence . . . from which a rational trier of fact could have found beyond
a reasonable doubt that Hammack had a greater right to the actual care, custody,
control, or management over the merchandise than appellant.”); Tucker v. State,
No. 14-97-00261-CR, 1999 WL 33634, at *2 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.]
Jan. 28, 1999, no pet.) (not designated for publication) (“Security guards or ‘loss
prevention agents’ are hired to protect a company’s property and keep it from
being stolen. By virtue of this employment, these guards and agents have a
greater right to possession of stolen property than do those charged with
unlawfully appropriating it.”); Castle v. State, 718 S.W.2d 86, 88 (Tex. App.—Fort
Worth 1986, no pet.) (“[E]vidence that Bunche was an employee of J.C. Penney
is sufficient to show a greater right of possession in her than in appellant and to
6
establish her as special owner of the property.”). We overrule appellant’s sole
issue.
Conclusion
Having overruled appellant’s only issue, we affirm the trial court’s
judgment.
/s/ Terrie Livingston
TERRIE LIVINGSTON
CHIEF JUSTICE
PANEL: LIVINGSTON, C.J.; WALKER and MEIER, JJ.
DO NOT PUBLISH
Tex. R. App. P. 47.2(b)
DELIVERED: July 30, 2015
7
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '38fc5fc82a755268b9b231fc6e05ac805a197068baab343c9cb305bbfadb6ef0'} |
Glass Lizard
Glass Lizard, Ophisaurus chordata
Glass lizards are legless, and their long tails give them a very snake-like appearance. Unlike snakes, they have moveable eyelids and external ear openings. Glass lizards have very smooth, shiny scales that are reinforced by bones called ‘osteoderms,’ making the lizards’ bodies very hard and brittle. As a result, their tails break easily and they are often seen with broken tails in the process of regrowth. Glass lizards also move a bit more stiffly than snakes, and have a long groove down each side of their hard bodies that allows them to expand when they breathe or are full of food, or when females are full of eggs. They can easily be recognized as harmless by their slender heads and lack of a neck. Glass lizards live in wet meadows, grasslands, pine flatwoods, pine scrubs, hardwood hammocks, and other open woods, and are occasionally seen in suburban neighborhoods. They are often found under boards and other debris on the ground, and at least two species spend much of their time burrowed underground.(
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Connecting to %s | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '5', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9468060731887816}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '49876', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:YFIEYMVWRKBD76JDHLF2P54BGIJW2MYE', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:99b49559-1c99-4279-a2fa-733326d8c52e>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 1, 17, 14, 35, 29), 'WARC-IP-Address': '192.0.78.25', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:77TOCVIL66HUSSS7J56B4RMQALN6WNEQ', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:79bbd6c7-db54-44f8-9e4b-f0c824d6feec>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://thewayperdido.com/glass-lizard/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:f349f3ba-dd78-4018-9d96-605e25259c51>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '236', 'url': 'https://thewayperdido.com/glass-lizard/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-05\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for January 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-105.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.211419939994812', 'original_id': 'f259deecb90f53dd6272145970a88a591f96d542944bcf313f65224d65f5dd97'} |
Egyptian Military Tries to Create Buffer Zone
PHOTO Protesters in Cairo, Egypt formed a human line defense to keep out trouble makers.PlayABC News
WATCH Peace Returns to the Streets of Egypt
A little while ago in Tahrir Square a rumor swept through the crowd that President Hosni Mubarak had resigned.
The people went crazy, shouting, "he resigned, he resigned." The Square erupted in a kind of euphoria for 30 seconds. But it quickly became clear the rumor was not true and the crowd is once again calm.
This was the day the anti-government protesters had called "The Day of Departure." Those calling upon President Mubarak to resign immediately had hoped this would be the day.
But yesterday in my exclusive interview with him, President Mubarak told me he had no intention of leaving Egypt.
"I would never run away," he said, "I will die on this soil." So far it seems he is sticking with his resolve.
In general, after the violence of the last few days, the situation here on the Square has utterly changed. The army has become a buffer zone, deployed around the Square to increase the distance between anti-government and pro-Mubarak supporters.
I came in from one bridge and I could see that the army has taken the whole bridge, having deployed tanks at both ends of the bridge so there is no chance, at this entry point, that pro- and anti-government protesters can clash.
There are also soldiers on foot forming armored barricades. The protesters themselves are forming line after line of defense, to keep out trouble makers. Once again you must pass through a checkpoint to get onto the Square.
I walked in front of the national museum and it is just strewn with rubble and burnt out vehicles leading up to the 6th of October Bridge where many of the clashes have taken place.
This is honestly like a World War II scene with all these burnt cars, rubble, and what look like military field hospitals that are actually triage centers set up by the medical professionals among the protesters. Once a symbol of liberation, Tahrir Square remains a bloody battleground and at the center of the chaos.
President Mubarak Defends His Legacy
While sitting down for an exclusive 30-minute interview with me on Thursday, President Mubarak pledged his loyalty to Egypt.
He also defended his legacy, recounting the many years he has spent leading his country.
He told me, "I never intended to run [for office] again."
When I asked him what he thought of seeing the people shouting insults about him and wanting him gone, he said, "I don't care what people say about me. Right now I care about my country, I care about Egypt."
He added that he feared that his country would descend into a worse state of chaos if he were to step down.
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Planet Earth
The Myth of the Virgin Rainforest
By Karen CoatesMay 6, 2016 10:23 AM
The modest village of Bario in the Kelabit Highlands hosts a school that offers surrounding communities educational opportunities—and brings them into contact with forces that threaten to radically alter their culture. (Credit: Samantha Elsie Jones)
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The little village of Pa Lungan sits in a grassy clearing, high in the hills of Malaysian Borneo, in a region called the Kelabit Highlands. The people here—a few dozen—belong to the Kelabit tribe, one of more than 50 Indigenous groups living on Asia’s largest island. They have sturdy wooden homes with slat glass windows, metal roofs, kitchen sinks, and TVs. Generators and solar panels power a few lightbulbs, laptops, and mobile phones (typically used to play music and games). Most households have a kitchen garden, an outdoor toilet, a cold-water shower, and a laundry line. A patchwork of coops and fences keeps chickens and buffalo in check. Just beyond these homes and yards lie rice fields fed by mountain waters and hemmed in by trees. It’s a tidy, orderly life in Pa Lungan—and it’s an easy walk to some of the most biologically diverse rainforests on Earth.
The Kelabit, like their ancestors, move fluidly between the village and the forest in a culture where notions of domestic and wild intrinsically overlap. Villagers plant fruit trees in the forest; they move wild herbs from the jungle to their kitchen gardens. “Daily living” and “the bounty of the forest” are deeply intertwined, as the Kelabit anthropologist Poline Bala, based at Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, explained to me. In the past few years, new research has begun to shift scientific perspectives—and my own—of the Borneo landscape. It is not the wild, untamed place many people have long assumed it is. Rather, the rainforest we see today bears the marks of long-term human intervention.
A Sense of Place
In 2006 and again in 2013, I visited Pa Lungan as a journalist. During my initial visit, I became acquainted with a villager named Walter Paran. He is a thoughtful middle-aged man with slow and deliberate speech, a calm composure, and muscles shaped by a life lived off the land. In 2014 I wrote about Paran in a travel story that documented my search to find him after the intervening seven years to see how he and his neighbors were surviving in the face of widespread logging.
When I asked Paran questions about his life on both of my trips to the highlands, he took me on walks to convey his sense of place. Everything he knows and needs to know about who he is and who his ancestors were can be found in the physical world around him. Right from Paran’s door, narrow footpaths lead through the village and into the woods where his forefathers lived. Beyond that is a damp, dark forest of ancient old-growth trees that grow straight and tall, their trunks as wide as pickup trucks. A dense canopy of branches forms a shield against the equatorial sun. Below these trees is a complex undergrowth of thorny plants and winding vines, ferns with coiled fronds, and pitcher plants that swallow flies. The ground is slick with mud, and the air smells musky. Giant rats and wily snakes hide from sight. Leeches stand upright, twisting and reaching for anything that moves. In that ancient forest, wild boars root about the forest floor, and deeper inside the jungle, rarely glimpsed honey bears leave their tracks.
When I saw this forest for the first time in 2006, it appeared to me a wild, primeval place. When I returned in 2013, I began to see the forest in a finer-scale resolution, finding marks of history and culture throughout the landscape. I learned how the Kelabits and their ancestors have shaped this jungle through centuries of work.
On one of my afternoon walks with Paran in 2013, he paused to hack at rattans and other palms with his machete, knocking their sturdy stems to the ground. He noted which plant’s shoots taste fresh and sweet, and which one’s leaves make a great roof. He pointed out a tall umbrella tree. Its sap is used to make fire, he told me.
“Here,” he said as he handed me a sliver of edible palm shoot. “You can try a bit.” It was kind of pasty. My mouth puckered.
In the Kelabit Highlands, Chris Hunt (center) and his team wrap an extracted pollen core in preparation for transporting it to a laboratory for further analysis. (Credit: Samantha Elsie Jones)
“When you go out in the jungle, you must know the things you can eat,” he told me. He also showed me trees that fed his ancestors: durians (a tropical fruit with a hard spiky shell), langsat (small oval fruits with tough skin and juicy flesh), and jackfruits (bulbous, spiny fruits with sweet-tart yellow insides). “They planted all these things,” Paran said, right there, in the forest.
In another spot, he pointed out where, long ago, his relatives lived in a community longhouse. Earlier generations of Kelabits (and some still today) occupied long, rectangular wooden homes on stilts. When those wooden homes caved to age, or the people felt the urge, they would abandon that longhouse and build a new one in another spot in the forest. The vegetation always grew back around the old homesite, but it was still considered young by Kelabit standards. “That’s why you see the trees are small,” Paran said. “We don’t consider it forest yet.”
I hadn’t noticed. I was still somewhat beholden to the idea of a “virgin rainforest.” But Paran was showing me a world in which there was no clear distinction between the cultivated and the wild.
Shaped by Human Intervention
For more than a century, scholars, naturalists, and travelers understood the Borneo rainforest to be a pristine place virtually untouched by human hands. But research now suggests that over millennia much of the forest was cultivated and shaped by human intervention. And today change is happening at a breakneck pace as new roads slice through this jungle and connect Kelabit villages with cities on the coast. Logging trucks beat down those roads while huge tracts of forest are razed. In addition, the Kelabit diet is shifting due to an influx of packaged foods and ingredients now available from the coast. Scientists say the Kelabit environment is changing faster than ever before. And current scientific research on this forest is far more than just a documentation of the past in comparison to the present; it’s a critical lens on what’s at stake for the people of highland Borneo. Research provides a testimony for saving not only this rainforest but the cultures nestled within it.
“It was an assumption—almost an article of faith—amongst many biogeographers, ecologists, and paleoecologists that the great regional rainforests were, at Western contact, the product of natural climatic, biogeographic, and ecological processes,” wrote paleoecologist Chris Hunt, now based at Liverpool John Moores University, and his colleague, Cambridge University archaeologist Ryan Rabett, in a 2014 paper. “It was widely thought that peoples living in the rainforest caused little change to vegetation.”
New research is challenging this long-held assumption. Recent paleoecological studies by Hunt and other colleagues show evidence of “disturbance” in the vegetation around Pa Lungan and other Kelabit villages, indicating that humans have shaped and altered these jungles not just for generations—but for millennia. Borneo’s inhabitants from a much more distant past likely burned the forests and cleared lands to cultivate edible plants. They created a complex system in which farming and foraging were intertwined with spiritual beliefs and land use in ways that scientists are just beginning to understand.
Samantha Jones, lead author on this investigation and researcher at the Catalan Institute of Human Paleoecology and Social Evolution, has studied ancient pollen cores in the Kelabit Highlands as part of the Cultured Rainforest Project. This is a U.K.-based team of anthropologists, archaeologists, and paleoecologists that is examining the long-term and present-day interactions between people and rainforests. The project has led to continuing research that is forming a new scientific narrative of the Borneo highlands.
Archaeologists have now shown that by 10,000 years ago, people living near Niah Cave were already blurring the line between wild and domesticated plants. (Credit: Starlightchild/Wikimedia Commons)
People were most likely manipulating plants from as early as 50,000 years ago in the lowlands, Jones says. That’s around the time humans likely first arrived. Scholars had long classified these early inhabitants as foragers—but then came the studies at Niah Cave. There, in a series of limestone caverns near the coast, scientists found paleoecological evidence that early humans got right to work burning the forest, managing vegetation, and eating a complex diet based on hunting, foraging, fishing, and processing plants from the jungle. This late Pleistocene diet spanned everything from large mammals to small mollusks, to a wide array of tuberous taros and yams. By 10,000 years ago, the folks in the lowlands were growing sago and manipulating other vegetation such as wild rice, Hunt says. The lines between foraging and farming undoubtedly blurred. The Niah Cave folks were growing and picking, hunting and gathering, fishing and gardening across the entire landscape.
Up in the highlands, a somewhat parallel story emerged centuries later. Jones, Hunt, and their colleagues have documented major fires between 6,000 and 7,000 years ago. The evidence is limited—and it could be explained by natural events—but it could also indicate people were setting fire to the forest and clearing areas to plant edible fruits and palms. By 2,800 years ago, researchers say, there were more frequent fires and numerous sago groves that could have belonged to the Kelabit or the Penan, a nomadic group living in the same forests who still rely on sago today.
“The Cultured Rainforest project has shown how profoundly entangled the lives of humans and other species in the rainforest are,” says University of London anthropologist Monica Janowski, a member of the project team who has spent decades studying highland Borneo cultures. “This entanglement has developed over centuries and millennia and succeeds in maintaining a relatively balanced relationship between species.” Borneo’s jungle is, in fact, anything but untouched: What we see is a result of both human hands and natural forces, working in tandem. The Kelabit are a little bit farmer and a little bit forager with no clear line between, Janowski says. This dualistic approach to land use may reveal a deeper human nature. “Scratch any modern human and you will find, under the surface, a forager,” she says. “We have powerful foraging instincts. We also have powerful instincts to manage plants and animals. Both of these instincts have been with us for millennia.”
Rapid Change
And yet, age-old traditions can shatter in an instant. In one day, trucks and chainsaws can dismantle the delicate balance of forest life that tribes have fostered over centuries. When loggers finish clearing a patch of land, nothing remains intact. The dense, dark forest canopy ends abruptly in a line across the horizon; beyond that is a field of stumps. The sun beats down where it never could before.
Satellite image of rainforest in Malaysian Bornea that was converted to oil palm plantations. (Credit: NASA)
Roughly 80 percent of Malaysian Borneo’s rainforests have been logged or degraded in the last half-century, largely to clear space for commercial plantations growing palm oil—used around the globe in everything from cookies to shampoo. Oil palms don’t grow well near Pa Lungan, which lies at about 2,800 feet; forests near this village are simply being razed for timber. Logging and the rapid expansion of plantations is changing the Kelabit environment “at an unprecedented rate, not experienced before in archaeological or paleoecological records,” says Jones. With such deforestation of the world’s tropical forests comes loss of species diversity, loss of food and medicinal sources, increased risk of severe flooding to cleared areas, and significant destruction of the world’s carbon stock.Paran showed me spots where his ancestors marked the land with messages for future generations. They piled small rocks into mounds, and they built upright stones (menhirs) and table-shaped slabs (dolmens)—all forms of etuu, or long-lasting signs on the landscape that indicate people have lived here for generations. These etuu are scattered across the highlands, and they are threatened by corporate-owned bulldozers as are the trees, plants, and people.
When delegates from 142 countries met for the World Forestry Congress in September 2015, they adopted a declaration stating that forests “are more than trees.” Forests are, in fact, critical to climate change adaptation and “fundamental for food security.” Borneo’s rainforests exhibit this through the vast diversity of foods they foster, Hunt says.
Not only does scientific research in the Kelabit Highlands underscore Hunt’s point about food security, it also lends evidence that can help arbitrate land disputes today. The Cultured Rainforest Project and other studies highlight the reciprocal relationship between people and place. They provide arguments for saving the forest and the peoples who steward it.
“There is no legal land ownership in the Kelabit Highlands,” Janowski says. There are no titles or documents; territory is communal, and people allow others to use their resources “so long as permission is asked.” But logging violates this custom. “For the Kelabit, logging is tantamount to stealing,” she says. And for the Penan, “loss of the forest is the loss of their entire world.” Locals are starting to see forest destruction as a violation of human rights. Indigenous communities have filed dozens of complaints with the Human Rights Commission of Malaysia based on land disputes, and they have won many cases in court, says Ramy Bulan, an associate law professor at the University of Malaya.
Villagers in Pa Lungan dread the loss of their forest. A few years ago, the Malaysian government expanded a nearby national park, protecting the jungle immediately surrounding Pa Lungan. Fears are diminished—but not gone.
“I am worried about logging,” said Supang Galih, Paran’s neighbor. She runs a homestay and a restaurant that serves wild jungle foods—a selling point. She is a strong advocate for protecting Kelabit cultural heritage. “We are very lucky,” she told me, because the forest remains intact, for now. “We still have trees to cut for firewood, and we still have the jungle where we can look for our food, and we still have our forest where we can look for our meat to eat,” she said. “If we have no more jungle, or no more forest, these things will be gone.”
Touting it as “progress,” the Malaysian government aims to build more than 1,800 miles of infrastructure across Borneo between now and 2020. When a road goes in, trees go out—and so do indigenous knowledge and ancient ways of life.
But it’s easy to love and hate a road at the same time. While roads signal destruction, they provide opportunity too. They create access to markets, cities, education, and jobs. They bring frozen chicken wings to the jungle, and they shuttle students away to school in distant cities.
This tug of modernity permeates Pa Lungan life today. For example, the village has no school. The children study in Bario, the nearest town—little more than an airstrip and a string of shops surrounded by homes within a valley of rice paddies. The students typically stay in a dormitory and return to Pa Lungan every week or two. Until recently, the journey required a five-hour hike on a footpath through the jungle. But a new road, finished in the past year, can cut that time to less than an hour—if the rains don’t wash it out. “Of course the younger generations do need education,” Supang said. If people never leave the village, they will “know nothing about the outside world. … So we do need our younger generations to have the knowledge of what the present life is.” And, what the future might hold.
Understanding places like this is critical, Janowski says, because “there is in fact no one-way journey from a ‘primitive’ foraging past to a ‘modern, civilized’ farming present.”
Getting to know Paran taught me this lesson firsthand. When I first set foot in the Kelabit Highlands and looked at the trees around me, I saw a tangle of seemingly wild forest. But Paran taught me there is orderliness to that chaos. He showed me food and poison, ropes and rooftops, wild palms and cultivated fruit trees his ancestors had planted. He saw nuances in the environment that I hadn’t begun to discern. Paran saw his home, and that of his ancestors.
He hopes it will be there for his children, too.
Reporting for this story was made possible in part by a fellowship from the International Center for Journalists (ICFJ).fores
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###### Key questions
What is already known about this subject?
=========================================
- Cardiac multidetector CT (MDCT) examination before percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation (PTSMA) clearly identifies the septal branch and its location in relation to the coronary artery and myocardium. Cardiac MDCT is a clinically important modality to not only determine the culprit septal branches, but also to avoid complications before PTSMA.
What does this study add?
=========================
- The follow-up cardiac MDCT is a useful tool to evaluate the effectiveness of PTSMA on reduction of LA volume. Cardiac MDCT might provide comparable measurements of the LA volume in patients with drug-refractory symptomatic hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy before and after PTSMA compared to echocardiography.
How might this impact on clinical practice?
===========================================
- In MDCT-guided PTSMA, MDCT is always performed before PTSMA, and this study might provide the information on the utility of follow-up MDCT after PTSMA.
Introduction {#s1}
============
Percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation (PTSMA) is one of the septal reduction therapies, and relieves symptoms related to heart failure in patients with drug-refractory hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM).[@R1] Myocardial contrast transthoracic echocardiography (MCE) is an important tool to precisely identify the target area of the basal myocardial septum, and makes it safe and feasible to perform PTSMA.[@R4] Furthermore, this approach improves the clinical and haemodynamic results, and prevents misplacement of ethanol-induced necrosis as a source of potentially fatal complications. Cardiac multidetector CT (MDCT) examination before PTSMA clearly identifies the septal branch, and its location in relation to the coronary artery and myocardium. In contrast, other tools, such as invasive coronary angiography or echocardiography, cannot detect either the coronary artery or the myocardium. Cardiac MDCT has been shown to be an accurate and reproducible method of measuring cardiac chamber volumes and has been validated for ventricular chambers with cast models.[@R5] Cardiac MDCT plays an important role in not only the identification of the target vessel of the septal branch before PTSMA, but also the evaluation of infarct size and chamber volumes after PTSMA.[@R6] As cardiac MDCT provides full three-dimensional volume data sets with high spatial resolution, a highly flexible image procession approach is possible, thus potentially providing simultaneous accurate assessment of cardiac volumes.[@R9] The aim of this study was to show the utility of follow-up cardiac MDCT for a long-term evaluation of the effect of PTSMA on left atrial (LA) volume. Patients with HOCM often have an enlarged left atrium resulting from mitral valve regurgitation and diastolic dysfunction, and the size is closely associated with occurrence of atrial fibrillation and thromboembolic risk.[@R10] Therefore, LA volume measurement is very important as prognostic information. Although echocardiography is an established tool to analyse LA volume in patients treated with PTSMA, it is not known whether cardiac MDCT is also useful for LA volume analyses or not. In MDCT-guided PTSMA, MDCT is always performed before PTSMA and this study might provide the information on the utility of follow-up MDCT after PTSMA.
Methods {#s2}
=======
Ethics statement {#s2a}
----------------
This study was approved by IRB committee at Keio University and conducted in accordance with the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study.
Study population {#s2b}
----------------
We consecutively included 20 patients with HOCM treated with PTSMA between April 2012 and March 2014 in Keio University Hospital. Patients were excluded if MDCT before PTSMA and/or after PTSMA were not available ([figure 1](#OPENHRT2015000359F1){ref-type="fig"}). The procedure was offered to patients referred to our HOCM clinic with refractory symptoms and who despite being on maximally tolerated medical therapy (β-blockers, calcium-channel blockers, and cibenzoline or disopyramide) were not candidates for surgical myectomy, due to either comorbidities or patient\'s preference. All patients underwent comprehensive clinical, echocardiographic and coronary angiographic evaluation at Keio University Hospital. All patients were treated using MCE-guided PTSMA. HOCM was diagnosed in accordance with American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.[@R11] The indication for PTSMA was the presence of severe drug-refractory symptoms (New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III/IV, Canadian Cardiovascular Society class III/IV or NYHA class II symptoms with recurrent exercise-induced syncope) in combination with LV outflow tract (LVOT) pressure gradients ≥30 mm Hg at rest or ≥50 mm Hg during provocation by Valsalva manoeuver or exercise. Cardiac CT and echocardiography were performed before PTSMA, and at least 6 months after PTSMA.
{#OPENHRT2015000359F1}
PTSMA procedure {#s2c}
---------------
PTSMA was performed according to a previously reported protocol.[@R6] [@R12] In brief, all patients without a previously implanted permanent pacemaker had a prophylactic temporary pacemaker inserted before the procedure. A 6Fr femoral arterial sheath was inserted for the guide catheter system, and a 5Fr radial sheath was inserted for pigtail catheter placement into the LV cavity. Continuous invasive peak-to-peak gradients were measured across the LVOT by comparing the peak LV and aortic pressures. A septal perforating artery supplying the obstructing part of the septum was identified on the coronary angiogram and cardiac MDCT, and chosen as the target vessel. After occlusion of the septal target branch by an over-the-wire balloon, the perfused septal area was visualised by echocardiography after injection of 1--2 mL of echocardiography contrast medium. That there was no back flow into the left anterior descending artery was ascertained by injection of radiographic contrast into the target vessel. After all patients received morphine chloride intravenously for pain control, absolute ethanol was slowly injected into the target vessel through the balloon catheter. The balloon was deflated and removed after 10 min. The occlusion of the target vessel was verified angiographically at the end of the procedure. All patients were monitored in the coronary care unit after the procedure for at least 48 hours. Creatine phosphokinase was monitored at 8 hour intervals over the first 24 hours and daily thereafter for 2 days. All patients were followed up for least every 2 months after the PTSMA procedure at our clinic.
Echocardiography {#s2d}
----------------
Echocardiograms were performed at Keio University Hospital. Conventional echocardiographic analysis, including two-dimensional and Doppler, were performed by technicians blinded to clinical information. The LA volumes were calculated by the modified Simpson\'s method using the apical four−chamber and two-chamber views.[@R13] Maximum LA volume (LAV~max~) was defined as the largest LA volume just before mitral valve opening; minimum LA volume (LAV~min~) was defined as the smallest LA volume in the ventricular end diastole. LA ejection fraction was calculated by the following formula: ((LAV~max~−LAV~min~)/LAV~max~)×100.
The LA volume was indexed to the body surface area to derive LA volume index. All studies were reviewed by two expert readers blinded to clinical and MDCT data.
Cardiac MDCT imaging protocol {#s2e}
-----------------------------
MDCT examinations were performed on a Discovery CT750 HD scanner (GE Healthcare, Waukesha, Wisconsin, USA) or Aquilion ONE ViSION edition (Toshiba Medical Systems, Tochigi, Japan). All patients were scanned craniocaudally while they lay in the supine position. β-blockade was administered intravenously before the examination if heart rate was higher than 65 bpm to obtain optimal image quality for MDCT coronary angiography. The scanning parameters for MDCT coronary angiography were as follows: tube voltage, 100 or 120 kVp; tube current, 150--750 mA (determined based on a prespecified body mass index protocol) using prospective or retrospective electrocardiogram-gating with detector collimation of 0.625×64 mm or 0.5×320 mm and rotation speed of 350 ms. A double-channel injection system (Dual Shot; Nemoto, Tokyo, Japan) and right antecubital venous access were used. First, the individual circulation time was estimated based on injection of a 20 mL test bolus of contrast material (Iopamiron 370 mg/mL iodine concentration; Bayer, Osaka, Japan) followed by 20 mL of saline. Repetitive scans of the ascending aorta at the level of the left main coronary artery were acquired during a breath hold. The time of peak attenuation was then used as the delay time. Next, a dual-phase contrast protocol was used: weight×0.84 mL (at a rate of weight×0.07 mL/s) of contrast material followed by weight×0.56 mL (at a rate of weight×0.07 mL/s) of a mixture of contrast material and saline solution.[@R14] Contiguous 0.625 mm-thick or 0.5 mm-thick coronary CT angiography images were then generated.
LA volume measurements by cardiac MDCT {#s2f}
--------------------------------------
LA volume was automatically calculated by an independent workstation (Advantage workstation 4.6; GE Healthcare, Waukesha, Wisconsin, USA) using Simpson\'s methods with manual tracing of the endocardial borders on successive slices. Long axis two-chamber and four-chamber multiplanar reconstruction images (1.25 mm thick) were used for the measurement of LA volume ([figure 2](#OPENHRT2015000359F2){ref-type="fig"}). The ostia of the pulmonary veins and the LA appendage were excluded from the LA measurements, as described previously.[@R15] LA volume measurements were performed before PTSMA and during the follow-up period. Images were analysed and LA measurements were performed by two expert readers blinded to clinical and echocardiographic data.
{#OPENHRT2015000359F2}
Clinical demographic data {#s2g}
-------------------------
Patient demographic data included prevalence of concomitant diseases, history of invasive therapies, and procedural data. We investigated all-cause mortality as well as new admission for heart failure, new requirement for invasive therapies (including myectomy), repeated-PTSMA, permanent pacemaker implantation, stroke and cardiac death (including sudden death during the short term and long term).
Statistical analyses {#s2h}
--------------------
Continuous variables are expressed as mean±SD unless otherwise specified. Categorical variables are expressed as absolute values and percentages. A paired t-test was used to evaluate the LA volume before PTSMA by cardiac MDCT and echocardiography, and compared with that after PTSMA. Correlations were determined between the echocardiographic and MDCT measurements using Pearson correlation coefficient, and agreement was expressed according to the Bland-Altman method. All p values are two-sided. Results were considered statistically significant at a p value \<0.05. JMP V.10 software (SAS institute Japan, Tokyo, Japan) was used for all analyses.
Results {#s3}
=======
Baseline characteristics {#s3a}
------------------------
A total of 20 patients who underwent PTSMA were identified. Of these patients, four were excluded because they did not have 1 of the 2 cardiac MDCT available for review. We evaluated LA volume analyses by cardiac MDCT in 16 patients who underwent PTSMA, compared to echocardiography. The mean follow-up period was 18 months (range 8--31 months). Baseline characteristics are listed in [table 1](#OPENHRT2015000359TB1){ref-type="table"}. Before PTSMA, 75% of all patients had heart failure associated symptoms in NYHA functional class III/IV, and 31% had previously experienced syncope. The resting LVOT gradient was 107±45 mm Hg and the LV ejection fraction was 78±6%. All patients received β-blocker treatment, and 50% of the patients had taken Na-channel antagonists, either disopyramide or cibenzoline.
######
Baseline characteristics
Ablation patients (n=16)
---------------------------------------------- --------------------------
Age, years 70±15
Women, n (%) 12 (75)
Body mass index, kg/m^2^ 23±4
NYHA class III/IV, n (%) 12 (75)
Syncope, n (%) 5 (31)
Atrial fibrillation, n (%) 2 (13)
Previous stroke, n (%) 2 (13)
Hypertension, n (%) 8 (50)
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) 2 (13)
Dyslipidaemia, n (%) 8 (50)
Current smoker, n (%) 2 (13)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, n (%) 0 (0)
Coronary artery disease, n (%) 1 (6)
Previous myectomy, n (%) 0 (0)
Previous septal ablation, n (%) 1 (6)
Family history of HCM, n (%) 2 (13)
Intraventricular septum thickness, mm 15±2
End-diastolic diameter, mm 42±5
End-systolic diameter, mm 23±3
Resting LVOT gradient, mm Hg 107±45
LVEF, % 78±6
ICD, n (%) 5 (31)
Permanent pacemaker, n (%) 0 (0)
β-blocker, n (%) 16 (100)
Calcium-channel blocker, n (%) 6 (38)
Na channel antagonist, n (%) 8 (50)
Amiodarone, n (%) 1 (6)
Diuretics, n (%) 3 (19)
Warfarin, n (%) 3 (19)
Data are expressed as mean±SD or n (%).
HCM, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; ICD, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVOT, left ventricular outflow tract; NYHA, New York Heart Association.
Acute procedure and long-term outcome {#s3b}
-------------------------------------
All patients experienced relief from heart failure associated symptoms after PTSMA ([table 2](#OPENHRT2015000359TB2){ref-type="table"}). No complications occurred during the periprocedural period. The residual LVOT gradient at rest was 17±16 mm Hg and peak creatine phosphokinase was 1180±591 IU/L. One patient (6%) experienced relief from dyspnoea on exertion within 3 months after PTSMA, but had dyspnoea again 6 months after the procedure. Finally, the patient underwent a repeat PTSMA. No patient required a permanent pacemaker implantation and no patient experienced stroke, death or heart failure admission during the follow-up period ([table 2](#OPENHRT2015000359TB2){ref-type="table"}).
######
Procedure details and outcomes
Ablation patients (n=16)
-------------------------------------------- --------------------------
Number of septal arteries injected 2.4±1.4
Amount of ethanol injected, mL 3.8±2.3
Residual LVOT gradient at rest, mm Hg 17±16
Peak CK, IU/L 1180±591
Procedural and in-hospital complications
Pacemaker dependency, n (%) 0 (0)
Cardiac tamponade, n (%) 0 (0)
Sustained ventricular tachycardia, n (%) 0 (0)
Cardiac surgery, n (%) 0 (0)
Resuscitated sudden cardiac arrest, n (%) 0 (0)
Stroke, n (%) 0 (0)
Death, n (%) 0 (0)
Heart failure, n (%) 0 (0)
Clinical events during follow-up period
Pacemaker implantation, n (%) 0 (0)
New ICD, n (%) 0 (0)
Repeat-PTSMA, n (%) 1 (6)
Death, n (%) 0 (0)
Heart failure admission, n (%) 0 (0)
Data are expressed as mean±SD or n (%).
CK, creatinine phosphokinase; ICD, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator; LVOT, left ventricular outflow tract; PTSMA, percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation.
Effect of PTSMA {#s3c}
---------------
All patients improved to lesser degree of NYHA functional class (p=0.025); 10 patients (63%) improved in the degree of mitral valve regurgitation while six patients remained in the same degree of mitral valve regurgitation although patients had not had more than mild mitral valve regurgitation before PTSMA. After PTSMA, the degree of mitral valve regurgitation decreased from 2.0±0.7 to 1.4±0.6 (p \<0.001).
LA volume evaluated by cardiac MDCT and echocardiography {#s3d}
--------------------------------------------------------
Cardiac MDCT showed a significant reduction of the index of maximum LA volume during follow-up compared with that before PTSMA. Echocardiographic analyses also revealed smaller maximum LA volume index during follow-up compared with that before PTSMA ([table 3](#OPENHRT2015000359TB3){ref-type="table"}). [Figure 3](#OPENHRT2015000359F3){ref-type="fig"}A, B demonstrates the strong correlation between echocardiographic and MDCT measurements for the index of maximum LA volume before and after PTSMA. A Bland-Altman plot showed small mean differences and limits of agreement in the measurements of the index of maximum LA volume before and after PTSMA between echocardiography and MDCT (−11.5±5.1mL/m^2^, −15.5±3.7 mL/m^2^; [figure 4](#OPENHRT2015000359F4){ref-type="fig"}A, B). Two independent observers blinded to the clinical and MDCT or echocardiographic data performed the same analyses. A good correlation in the index of maximum LA volume measurements before and after PTSMA was obtained between them ([figure 5](#OPENHRT2015000359F5){ref-type="fig"}A, B). The Bland-Altman plot of the differences by the two observers showed a significant mean difference and limits of agreement. The interobserver variability was −0.3±0.5 mL/m^2^ and −0.2±0.8 mL/m^2^ for the index of maximum LA volume before and after PTSMA.
######
CT and echocardiographic analyses before and after PTSMA
Before PTSMA Follow-up p Value
---------------------------- -------------- ------------ ---------
CT analyses (n=16) (n=16)
LAV~max~, mL 137.7±47.9 121.0±49.0 0.034
LAVI~max~, mL/m^2^ 93.6±34.1 82.6±35.3 0.035
Echocardiographic analyses (n=16) (n=16)
LAV~max~ (MOD), mL 116.4±34.1 99.1±37.2 0.002
LAV~min~ (MOD), mL 77.1±37.0 62.8±32.8 0.011
LAVI~max~ (MOD), mL/m^2^ 78.5±27.7 66.1±26.3 0.002
LAVI~min~ (MOD), mL/m^2^ 51.8±26.7 41.8±22.7 0.010
LAEF (MOD), % 35.8±14.1 38.7±12.5 0.414
Data are expressed as mean±SD.
CT; LAEF, left atrial ejection fraction; LAVI~max~, the index of maximum left atrial volume; LAVI~min~, the index of minimum left atrial volume; LAV~max~, maximum left atrial volume; LAV~min~, minimum left atrial volume; MOD, modified Simpson\'s rule; PTSMA, percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation.
{#OPENHRT2015000359F3}
{#OPENHRT2015000359F4}
{#OPENHRT2015000359F5}
Discussion {#s4}
==========
This study showed that (1) cardiac MDCT is reliable and a comparable method to evaluate LA volume before and after PTSMA compared to echocardiography, and (2) cardiac MDCT revealed significant LA volume reduction in patients after PTSMA compared with that before PTSMA.
Although it is very important to perform cardiac MDCT before PTSMA not only to determine the culprit septal branches but also to facilitate septal branch wiring,[@R7] our study demonstrated that cardiac MDCT was also an important tool to evaluate the therapeutic effect of PTSMA. A few recent reports have demonstrated a close correlation between cardiac CT and echocardiography quantification for LA volume.[@R16] In addition, follow-up cardiac MDCT also provides information on infarct size and septal branches; echocardiography is, however, a feasible and reproducible method to evaluate LA volume. Recently, a study demonstrated that measurements of LA volumes by cardiac MR and MDCT are feasible in patients with permanent atrial fibrillation, and that the reproducibility of the two methods is superior to that of transthoracic echocardiography-derived measurements.[@R19] Although widely used for assessment of LA, echocardiography underestimates the true volumes and may be less suitable for detecting small volume changes. Recent studies suggest that MDCT is useful to assess the changes in LA volume.[@R20] Therefore, LA volume measurement by MDCT in our study to compare between before and after PTSMA might be a better methodology as compared to echocardiography.
In patients with HOCM, both systolic anterior motion-related mitral insufficiency and elevated LV end-diastolic pressure due to LV hypertrophy cause LA enlargement. The 2014 European Society of Cardiology guidelines indicated that the size of the left atrium provides important prognostic information on patients with HCM.[@R23] Our study showed significant LA volume reduction in drug-refractory patients with HOCM after PTSMA. This point is consistent with previous studies showing that patients undergoing PTSMA, performed by experienced operators, experienced favourable outcomes without an increased risk of sudden cardiac death.[@R3] In addition, PTSMA could aid in maintaining normal sinus rhythm by preventing LA enlargement and may improve the quality of life in drug-refractory patients with HOCM, especially aged patients.
Previous studies revealed that PTSMA improved short-term and long-term outcomes in drug-refractory patients with HOCM even if drug therapy did not comply with accepted guidelines. In our study, all patients received β-blocker therapy, which means that our patients were truly 'drug refractory'. Our strategy for drug-refractory patients faithfully followed guidelines on the diagnosis and management of HCM.[@R11] [@R23] All patients referred to our hospital were observed for at least a couple of months, and we treated all patients with non-vasodilating β blockers that were titrated to maximum tolerated dose during the observational period.
Study limitation {#s4a}
----------------
Our study population was of limited size. A relatively few patients, however, are truly drug-refractory HOCM.
Conclusions {#s5}
===========
The follow-up cardiac MDCT was a useful tool to evaluate the effectiveness of PTSMA on reduction of LA volume. Cardiac MDCT might provide comparable measurements of the LA volume in patients with drug-refractory symptomatic HOCM before and after PTSMA compared to echocardiography.
The authors thank Ms Kaori Suzuki for her technical assistance.
**Contributors:** KA, HT, KH, SY, MM, MJ and KF conceived and designed the study. YM and YY were responsible for analysing the data and writing of the manuscript.
**Competing interests:** None declared.
**Patient consent:** Obtained.
**Ethics approval:** This study was approved by IRB committee at Keio University.
**Provenance and peer review:** Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.
**Data sharing statement:** No additional data are available.
| mini_pile | {'original_id': 'daabc0f7b97fba1e90f06cc471fd52a97a865862a53b94d74f33fda841310e66'} |
Y chromosome and male infertility: update, 2006.
Male factor infertility accounts for about half the cases of couple infertility and in around 50% of cases its etiology remains unknown. Molecular genetic techniques have unveiled a number of etiopathogenetic factors, including microdeletions of the Yq. Y chromosome microdeletions removing the AZoospermia Factor (AZF) regions are the most frequent molecular genetic causes of oligo/azoospermia. The intense effort of many laboratories contributed to a better understanding of the clinical significance of this genetic anomaly and to the identification of fertility candidate genes in the AZF regions. Important progress has been made on the structure of the Y chromosome and the mechanism of deletion. Studies aimed to define a predisposing genetic background for Yq deletions were not successful, perhaps due to the low number of patients analyzed so far. The screening for Yq deletions became a routine diagnostic test that provides an etiology for spermatogenic disturbances, and assess in the prognosis for testicular sperm retrieval according to the type of deletion. Assisted reproductive techniques represent an efficient symptomatic therapy for men bearing Y microdeletions, however, this genetic defect is transmitted to the male offsprings, affecting their fertility. Future studies should focus on understanding the biological function of AZF genes which is an essential step for the development of more appropriate and knowledge-based therapies. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'ac5368f8d2863108f05b1d91af0d4839bcd6c83534f05f930824c60eb6b44cc1'} |
Bible Dictionaries
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
Additional Links
The ariston , often translated "dinner," is rather breakfast or luncheon (Matthew 22:4); Luke 14:12 "a dinner (breakfast or luncheon) or a supper" (deipnon , a late dinner). The principal Egyptian meal was at noon (Genesis 43:16); but the Jews' chief meal at even (Genesis 19:1-3, Lot; Ruth 3:7, Boaz). Israel ate bread or manna in the morning, flesh in the evening (Exodus 16:12); the Passover supper in the evening confirms this. The ancient Hebrew sat at meals (Genesis 27:19; Judges 19:6), but not necessarily on a chair, which was reserved as a special dignity (2 Kings 4:10). Reclining on couches was latterly the posture at meals (Amos 6:4); Amos 3:12 says, "dwell in the corner of a bed," i.e. the inner corner where the two sides of the divan meet, the place of dignity (Pusey), "and in Damascus (in) a couch"; not as Gesenius "on a damask couch," for Damascus was then famed for the raw material "white wool" (Ezekiel 27:18), not yet for damask.
Derived from the Syrians, Babylonians, and Persians (Esther 1:6; Esther 7:8). For "tables," Mark 7:4, translated "couches"; and for "sitting at meat" in New Testament translated everywhere "reclining." As three were generally on one couch, one lay or "leaned" on another's bosom, as John did on Jesus' chest. Such a close position was chosen by friends, and gave the opportunity of confidential whispering, as when John asked who should betray Jesus (John 13:23-25). Ordinarily, three couches (the highest, the middle, and the lowest) formed three sides of a square, the fourth being open for the servants to bring the dishes. On each couch there was the highest, the middle and the lowest guest. "The uppermost room" desired by the Pharisees was the highest seat on the highest couch (Matthew 23:6). Females were not as now in the East secluded from the males at meals, as the cases of Ruth among the reapers (Ruth 2:14), Elkanah with his wives (1 Samuel 1:4), Job's sons and daughters (Job 1:4) show.
The women served the men (Luke 10:40; John 12:2). The blessing of the food by thanks to the Giver preceded the meal; the only Old Testament instance is 1 Samuel 9:13. Our Lord always did so (Matthew 15:36; John 6:11); so Paul (Acts 27:35), confirming precept (1 Timothy 4:3-4) by practice. Deuteronomy 8:10 implies the duty of grace at the close of a meal. A bread sop held between the thumb and two fingers was dipped into the melted grease in a bowl, or into a dish of meat, and a piece taken out. To hand a friend a delicate morsel was esteemed a kindly act. So Jesus to Judas, treating him as a friend, which aggravates his treachery (John 13:18; John 13:26; Psalms 41:9). Geier, in Poli Synopsis, translated Proverbs 19:24 "a slothful man hides his hand in the "dish" (tsaliachat ) and will not so much as bring it to his mouth again"; KJV means the cavity in the bosom like a dish. Great feasts were held at the end of each third year (Deuteronomy 14:28) when the Levite, stranger, fatherless, and widow were invited (compare Luke 14:12-13; Nehemiah 8:10-12).
After a previous invitation, on the day of the feast a second was issued to intimate all was ready (Esther 5:8; Esther 6:14; Matthew 22:3-4). The guests were received with a kiss; water for the feet, ointment for the person, and robes were supplied (Luke 7:38-45). The washing of hands before meals was indispensable for cleanliness, as the ringers were their knives and forks, and all the guests dipped into the same dish (Matthew 26:23). The Pharisees overlaid this with a minute and burdensome ritual (Mark 7:1-13). Wreaths were worn on the head: Isaiah 28:1, where the beauty of Samaria is the "fading flower on the head of the fat valleys." Its position on the brow of a hill made the comparison appropriate. Hebraism for "woe to the proud crown of the drunkards of Ephraim" (Horsley).
Its people were generally drunken revelers literally, and metaphorically like such were rushing on their own ruin (Isaiah 28:7-8; Isaiah 5:11-22; Amos 4:1; Amos 6:1-6). The nation would perish as the drunkard's soon fading wreath. A "governor of the feast" (architriklinos , the Greek sumposiarchees , the Latin magister convivii ) superintended, tasting the food and liquors, and settling the order and rules of the entertainment (John 2:8). The places were assigned according to the respective rank (Genesis 43:33; 1 Samuel 9:22; Luke 14:8; Mark 12:39). Drinking revels were called mishteh (the komos of the Greeks, Latin comissatio ), 1 Samuel 25:36. Condemned by the prophets (Isaiah 5:11; Amos 6:6) and apostles (Romans 13:13; Galatians 5:21; Ephesians 5:18; 1 Peter 4:3).
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Fausset, Andrew R. Entry for 'Meals'. Fausset's Bible Dictionary. 1949.
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It was a arrangement- did someone else die? White things and items and things Icouldn't name them. RJ? It was not Doctor RJ. I was somewhat nonplussed. I now had Sandra in my kitchen oohing and ahhing over both blossoms and the man and I wished to say, " But wait- he's somewhat bizarre, ya know! " The telephone rang. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '875', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9657607078552246}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '22256', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:NA3LTQD3P6UESCDEK6DRIDHSLBRQ3W7C', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:7aadb214-aecc-4277-b887-9dc48ba22cfc>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 10, 21, 7, 9, 57), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.18.63.238', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:DKP3Z57FFRKQPFCHEFYZUM6EQHQT77O4', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:6b35bdb9-74cc-47f1-b42b-7db25dc473a6>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://statelinewind.com/backpage-escorts-saskatchewan/stranraer-sk', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:8db8abed-cbd7-4b5f-b6df-0351fe8e3501>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '2244', 'url': 'https://statelinewind.com/backpage-escorts-saskatchewan/stranraer-sk', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-45\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for October 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-152.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.17 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.05550944805145264', 'original_id': '6283c97a27aa1c234d71a91f175204caeda30808f276d699320774968cdd0d14'} |
Cantor set
From Encyclopedia of Mathematics
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The subset of the real interval consisting of all numbers of the form , where is 0 or 2. It is geometrically described as follows (see Fig.): One removes from its middle third ; one then removes from the remaining intervals , their middle thirds and ; then the middle thirds of the four remaining intervals, etc. Then what remains after removal of all these intervals (adjacent intervals), the total of whose length is 1, is the Cantor perfect set (Cantor set; Cantor ternary set; Cantor discontinuum).
It is nowhere dense in the real line but has the cardinality of the continuum.
Figure: c020250a
From a topological point of view, the Cantor set is a zero-dimensional, perfect, metrizable compactum (that is, without isolated points); such a compactum is unique up to a homeomorphism. All bounded, perfect, nowhere-dense subsets of the real line are similar sets. The Cantor set is homeomorphic to a countable product of copies of a two-point space , and is the space of the topological group . The Cantor set is universal in two senses: 1) first of all, every zero-dimensional regular Hausdorff space with a countable base is homeomorphic to a subset of the Cantor set; 2) secondly, every metrizable compactum is a continuous image of the Cantor set (Aleksandrov's theorem). This theorem marks the beginning of the theory of dyadic compacta and shows that many compacta are similar to one another from the functional point of view. In particular, all perfect compacta have the same Boolean algebra of canonical open sets. The existence of special mappings from the Cantor set onto compacta allows one to prove that the Banach algebras of all continuous functions on two arbitrary perfect metrizable compacta (for example, on an interval and on a square) are linearly homeomorphic. Furthermore, the Cantor set and the possibility of mapping it onto an arbitrary metrizable compactum lies at the basis of the construction of many interesting examples in topology and function theory. One of them is the so-called Cantor staircase, which is the graph of a continuous monotone mapping of onto itself, the derivative of which is defined and equal to zero on an open set of measure 1. Although the standard Cantor set has measure zer o, there exists nowhere-dense perfect compacta on the unit interval with measure arbitrarily close to 1.
[1] P.S. Aleksandrov, "Einführung in die Mengenlehre und die allgemeine Topologie" , Deutsch. Verlag Wissenschaft. (1984) (Translated from Russian)
A generalization of the construction in the first lines above leads to Cantor-like sets, cf. [a2].
[a1] A.V. Arkhangel'skii, V.I. Ponomarev, "Fundamentals of general topology: problems and exercises" , Reidel (1984) (Translated from Russian) MR785749 Zbl 0568.54001
How to Cite This Entry:
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The strict French gun control that makes it extremely difficult for law-abiding citizens to defend themselves has proven little more than a paper tiger when it comes to prohibiting terrorists and public attackers from acquiring the guns they need to kill innocents.
The April 20 attack on a police patrol on the Champs Élysées illustrates this perfectly in light of the fact that the alleged attacker–Karim Cheurfi–was previously jailed for shooting at officers with a .38 Special revolver. The Daily Mail reports that Cheurfi was imprisoned “in 2005 for trying to kill two policemen” and wounding a third person with the revolver.
On Thursday he allegedly used a Kalashnikov to kill two officers. He was then shot dead, and upon searching his car, police discovered more weapons, “including a pump action shotgun.”
The University of Sydney’s GunPolicy.org describes French gun laws as “restrictive,” yet they were powerless to stop Cheurfi, just as they offered no hindrance to the 17-year-old who entered the Alexis de Tocqueville high school in Grasse mid-March and opened fire. Despite universal background checks–“which [consider] criminal, mental health and [physical] health” issues–The Local reports the 17-year-old was able to enter the school carrying “a revolver, a pistol, a hunting rifle and two grenades.”
Consider the November 13, 2015, terror attack on unarmed Parisians. In that attack, multiple terrorists opened fire with AK-47, or Kalashnikov-style, rifles. They killed 130 innocents. The universal background checks were not a hindrance, and the rest of the French gun laws were powerless to prevent the attack.
It is important to note that A Review of French Gun Laws (2012) shows that the background check in France is an ongoing process rather than a one time event. Such checks entail acquiring and maintaining “an active shooting club [membership]” and going to the range “at least three times a year.” They also include “seeing a doctor every year,” who declares one “physically and mentally capable of owning a firearm,” and filling out various pieces of paperwork as well.
Yet 130 innocents were gunned down on November 13, 2015.
And we cannot overlook the January 7, 2015, attack on Charlie Hebdo headquarters. Twelve innocents–including two police officers–were gunned down by armed terrorists who were not hindered by strict gun control.
French police unions responded to the Charlie Hebdo attack by explaining that gun control simply was not working for them; they could not continue to walk the streets of Paris presuming that terrorists would not acquire arms. The Associated Press reported that the police unions demanded “more” guns and “heavier” guns, as well as “protective gear, better training for first-responders, and more legal tools to guard against terrorists.”
Gun control reduces law-abiding citizens’ ability to defend themselves and places police officers at a marked disadvantage. On the other hand, it poses no hindrance to determined terrorists who target citizens and police officers alike.
AWR Hawkins is the Second Amendment columnist for Breitbart News and host of Bullets with AWR Hawkins, a Breitbart News podcast. He is also the political analyst for Armed American Radio. Follow him on Twitter: @AWRHawkins. Reach him directly at awrhawkins@breitbart.com. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '2b8df802ef39eec4b5af3b661fe3b07e9840d9f2d6f8e3f7e99aae8a88972e70'} |
Black necked storks Copyrighted image Credit: Production team
During the long history of life on Earth, the generally slow pace of evolution has been punctuated by dramatic mass extinction events, during which, over a relatively short period of time, a very large number of species became extinct. There are thought to have been five such events, of which the most recent occurred at the end of the Cretaceous period, about 65 million years ago; it brought about the extinction of the dinosaurs. We are now entering what many biologists regard as the sixth mass extinction event. This one differs from the previous five in that it is being caused, not by natural events such as volcanic activity or a meteorite impact, but by the activities of one species, Homo sapiens. Many animal and plant species have became extinct in the last 50 years and an even greater number are threatened with extinction, as the direct result of the many ways in which humans have destroyed or altered natural habitats.
We cannot be sure how many species will be affected in the immediate future, not least because we do not know how many species currently live on Earth. Only for a few groups, such as mammals and birds, is the number of living species known with reasonable accuracy. For one of the better-known groups, the amphibians (frogs, toads, salamanders, newts), new species are being described at a rate of about one or two per week, but a recent assessment of all the world’s known amphibians concluded that about a third of all species (5700) are threatened with extinction in the near future. Amphibians are highly dependent, on fresh water for survival and reproduction, and for freshwater habitats are the most severely affected by such human activities as habitat destruction and pollution. It is estimated that biodiversity in the Earth’s freshwater habitats has declined by 50% in the last 20 years.
While many species are declining and heading for extinction, a few are actually increasing in numbers. Among amphibians, the cane toad and the American bullfrog are increasing in numbers and extending their range, at the expense of other species. In both cases, their success has resulted from their being moved by humans to parts of the world where they do not naturally occur. The cane toad comes from Central America and was introduced to Australia and several Pacific islands to control a beetle pest of sugar cane. Bullfrogs are farmed around the world to supply food in the form of frogs’ legs; when they escape they rapidly become established and displace native frog species. The movement of animals around the world is one of the most dramatic ways that humans have had an impact on other species and has lead to the ‘homogenisation’ of nature. European sparrows and starlings, for example, are now very common in many parts of the world; ironically, their populations are declining in Europe.
A few species actually thrive in urban environments, notably rats, cockroaches and pigeons, all of which live off the rich detritus of left-over food that pollutes towns and cities. Rats are a particular problem, for two reasons. First, they act as vectors for a number of human diseases. Second, European colonists carried them with them on ships to other parts of the world where, released into the wild, they have been a major factor in the destruction of native species, notably ground-nesting birds.
Of most interest are those species that have been able to adapt to the adverse effects of human activities, demonstrating in doing so that evolutionary change can come about much faster than had previously been thought possible. A notable example in the UK is the peppered moth, a species that rests by day on the trunks of trees, relying on very good camouflage to avoid detection by predatory birds. In the past, tree trunks were pale in colour, and so were peppered moths, but the industrialisation of Britain produced huge amounts of soot that blackened tree trunks over much of the country. This favoured what had previously been a very rare, black form of the peppered moth which, in industrial regions, rapidly become much more common than the pale form.
In Africa and Asia, hunters have long shot elephants, selling their tusks to a very lucrative global ivory trade. This has favoured those individuals that fail to develop tusks. Having no value, they are ignored by hunters and, in some parts of Asian and Africa tusk-less elephants are increasingly common. A similar process has affected North American bighorn sheep, in which the huge horns of mature males have long been highly prized as hunting trophies. Hunters preferentially shoot males with the largest horns, a selective force that favours those males that develop smaller horns. A recent study has shown that the average size of bighorn sheep horns is 25% smaller than it was 30 years ago. As well as causing an evolutionary change in horn size, selective hunting may have affected bighorn sheep in another way. Females prefer to mate with those males that have the largest horns; because large horns require a great deal of resources to produce, only those males with the best genes can develop very large horns. Selective hunting is likely therefore to have removed the fittest males from the bighorn population.
One of the most significant ways in which humans have impacted on the lives of other species is by causing climate change. Many animals, including birds and frogs, now breed much earlier in spring in Britain than they did 20 years ago. Whether or not this is having a harmful effect on them has yet to be determined. Many plants and insects have extended their geographical ranges northwards in Europe and so seem to have benefited from climate change. Not so the golden toad of Costa Rica which, confined to a few mountain tops in Costa Rica, had nowhere to go to when the climate changed, and is now extinct. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '2', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9740333557128906}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '119448', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:5OJAEWAMT3NMNSB6CZ5MNGWB7R75H74M', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:2e2d3e0d-a43d-496c-b5e3-bad89428a4ea>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 12, 23, 5, 7, 10), 'WARC-IP-Address': '137.108.198.72', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:QHSTXH3XLEPOT7XPPW3BGPYNRXK223LT', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:f47833f9-6a56-4d7f-a14b-ca674e709ec9>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.open.edu/openlearn/nature-environment/natural-history/human-impacts-on-the-lives-animals', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:888a0827-d728-4e1a-9378-01c3f11d53e1>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '993', 'url': 'http://www.open.edu/openlearn/nature-environment/natural-history/human-impacts-on-the-lives-animals', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-231-17-201.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-52\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for December 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.20651602745056152', 'original_id': 'c0a32c1a5e957bc08f46ae7551f796653a7ac8c6b51bf4a6a605a649c819cf73'} |
How Does the Federal Reserve Manage Money Supply?
The Federal Reserve (Fed) uses several tools to manage the money supply and in turn control the economy. Money supply essentially means the entire stock of currency as well as liquid assets circulating in an economy i.e. with the public at a particular time. The Fed regulates this money supply to suit the needs of economy to keep it more or less constant.
When the economy faces a slump, Fed increases the supply, where as when the threat of inflation is imminent, Fed reduces the supply to prevent the phenomenon. This continuous regulation ensures a stable growth of economy despite changing market trends on a day-to-day basis.
The tools used to manage money supply include:
Open Market Operations-
This is the most commonly used tool and comes in handy when the money supply is to be regulated. Fed either purchases or sells government securities. To increase the money supply, Fed purchases issued securities like Treasury bills, treasury notes, savings bonds etc. while to reduce the supply, Fed puts up these securities as collateral to get overnight loans from primary dealers in competitive auctions.
This exchange by Fed causes the banks and public to adjust accordingly. Following such an operation, the reserve ratio of a bank is altered and thus necessary measures are taken by the bank to maintain the CRR in form of expanding loans or digressing from it. In turn the money flow in economy gets affected.
Altering Discount Rates-
This is the tool which helps Fed to regulate the borrowing schemes of commercial banks. Discount rates are the rates of interest (different from market rates) charged by Fed when commercial banks need to borrow additional reserves. According to the change in rates charged by Fed, the short-term market interest rates change. A lower discount rate encourages banks to borrow more and thus increasing the money supply while higher rates tend to discourage borrowing and thus reduce money supply.
READ ALSO: How an Artistic Background Can Fuel an Extraordinary Financial Future
Altering Reserve Ratio-
Reserve Ratio also called Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) refers to the percentage of deposits that commercial banks are required to keep as cash according to the Central Bank policies. A lower reserve ratio increases money supply and vice versa. A lower ratio lets banks have more funds to disburse as loans to the common public and thus more money in circulation while a higher ratio ensures that banks reserve more funds to themselves and comparatively less money circulates in the economy.
The Federal Reserve plays a very important role in how efficiently and smoothly the money is circulated in an economy. The continuous ups and downs of market are to be kept in check and acted upon accordingly to prevent financial crisis and to have a steady economic growth.
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causes over four hundred thousand deaths per year and costs us at least 157 billion dollars. We cannot claim to be serious about public
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December 18, 2014 6 min read
Opinions expressed by Entrepreneur contributors are their own.
It may have taken a bit longer to rebound than the rest of the country, but the Rust Belt is shaping up for a major comeback. Construction and redevelopment is booming in Buffalo, N.Y., and Cleveland, where there are concerted efforts to revitalize business, and talent from area schools is starting to stick around. Startups are materializing and big companies like IBM are opening offices.
Rust Belt municipalities that are still on the economic mend can bolster their comebacks by borrowing from the three trends below, which are already working in major metropolitan areas.
Related: 3 Reasons Why Startups Should Consider Launching in the Midwest
1. Support innovation.
In order to attract entrepreneurs and businesses, it’s critical to cultivate an environment that welcomes innovation. The best formula for this is a private sector-led initiative that is supplemented with government support.
Companies have to be vocal about their needs, and elected officials must be willing to provide the incentives necessary to attract and retain innovators. Real estate and service-sector businesses have to be prepared to scale to meet the needs of the community as it grows. Word spreads quickly when a city offers incentives and provides the right support system for valuable companies.
The startup momentum has already begun in bigger cities: Young companies are springing up in Detroit and Pittsburgh, where the cost of living is much more reasonable than the sky-high rents of more established startup hubs.
Large pitch competitions, such as 43 North in Buffalo, are offering platforms for companies from all over the world to share their ideas and gain funding in a Rust Belt city. Incubators like YBI in Youngstown, Ohio, and accelerators like Launchhouse in Cleveland offer a means to give a jump-start to following through on good ideas coming out of the region as well.
Government-led initiatives like Startup New York are actively recruiting young businesses to relocate to cities with more attractive tax breaks. The many startup-focused programs and services in the Rust Belt indicate the possibility of a major rebound on the horizon.
Related: Judge Confirms Detroit Plan to Exit Historic Bankruptcy
2. Location matters.
To some, the typical images we associate with Rust Belt cities may look somber at first glance, but vacant industrial buildings with great bones and interesting architectural histories offer an extraordinary opportunity for restoration and rebuilding. Creating new and unique spaces that reflect the emerging community gives these cities more leverage to retain a skilled workforce, which entices employees to stick around.
City officials can look to partner with local, entrepreneurial real estate companies to work on more outside-the-box projects.
Take Buffalo, for instance: The city recently partnered with my real estate business, Sinatra & Company, to create the Queen City Pop-Up for the holiday season. The initiative offers vacant retail real estate space to businesses free of charge through the season, letting them to connect with potential customers and expose their products to a wider audience. The increased commerce around the area can help to support revitalization efforts, which is a positive for neighboring businesses as well.
Business corridors are particularly critical to maintain, as one or two flagship companies and surrounding services can help to attract younger startups. Keeping up vacant commercial real estate may seem like a tall order in the face of serious economic woes, but it’s doable if when players become creative and find synergies between government, nonprofits and businesses.
One only needs to look to Milwaukee for inspiration, where local nonprofit Northwest Side Community Development Corporation has teamed up with the city of Milwaukee and other partners to completely renovate the 30th Street Corridor. The plan is to include office space, a business accelerator, educational resources and nearby residential quarters. By retrofitting an area with useful existing infrastructure, cities can construct an ideal ecosystem to fit the needs of most any high-growth business.
3. Find a new niche.
Rust Belt cities were built during the earlier years of the industrial revolution. While it’s true that the United States is experiencing a manufacturing renaissance, globalization means that the industry will never rebound back to the way it once was and that’s OK. Cities need to embrace this new normal and find a different niche to become known for.
Clean energy, health care and consumer Internet services are just three sectors that cities can explore, but remember that pivoting is not a simple process. Elected officials must capitalize on their city’s unique existing strengths and make conscious legislative decisions to attract the industry that they're looking to build. Universities should reinforce this emphasis on a particular sector by offering relevant degrees and coursework. Publicity is also key, so that outsiders are aware of progress being made.
Detroit is an excellent example. A symbol of the recession, Detroit is capitalizing on its role as the designated underdog to appeal to artists and creatives. Younger people are rethinking the city just as they did for now-chic areas of Manhattan in the 1980s, attracted by ridiculously cheap real estate and the prospect of creating something -- a company, an art gallery, a coffee shop -- from the ground up.
Buffalo, too, is taking significant steps to position itself for niche industries. The new goal is to become known as the go-to city for clean energy manufacturing and medical genomics. Capitalizing on its existing strengths, Gov. Andrew Cuomo’s Buffalo Billion initiative is investing large sums into advanced technology manufacturing and biomedical research facilities and has forged partnerships with area universities and real estate developers.
The initiative will take years to pan out but is off to a running start. Tesla’s Elon Musk has inked a deal to open the largest solar panel factory in the United States for SolarCity. The project broke ground in September and is expected to create an estimated 3,000 to 5,000 jobs, many in the field of engineering. High-profile projects like Musk’s SolarCity commitment speed momentum for a city’s rebranding.
Rust Belt cities are capable of a comeback. They just need the right tools and a certain degree of resourcefulness and creativity to do so. By looking at what is working in Midwestern cities, those that continue to struggle can construct a new identity with the comfort of knowing that the model has worked elsewhere.
It’s time to call on that trademark blue-collar work ethic in the cities surrounding places like Cleveland, Detroit, Buffalo and Milwaukee, so that the Rust Belt can become fully rejuvenated. It won’t be overnight, but it probably won’t be long.
Related: Why Entrepreneurs Find the Opportunity to Reinvent Detroit So Compelling | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'd6927914f02c10e67a43dfdfb6bfa45405d5f044b5b2178041c0925a2279bdc9'} |
Jamie Condliffe
Bike theft in San Francisco is high and rising, so the city's decided to take a technological approach to catching the culprits: tagging expensive bikes with GPS trackers so it can find out who's stealing them—and then charge them with felony.
The New York Times reports that a small team at the San Francisco Police Department are trading traditional techniques for transponders and iPhones, tracking crooks in real time and posting the results to the @SFPDBikeTheft Twitter account. The officers use expensive bicycles—to ensure that they're taken and that the thieves can be charged with a felony—which are locked up then inevitably nabbed, then traced. The Times describes one recent success:
Recently, for example, a thief took a $1,500 bicycle from outside a train stop and pedaled off into the sunset. But 30 minutes later, Officer Friedman and his team, having tracked the bike, converged on the rider at a park.
Similar schemes have been put to use on college campuses and in cities like Vancouver and Sacramento. But with San Francisco bike theft rising 70 percent from 2006 to 2012, with 4,035 bicycles a year now being stolen, clearly it's time for the city to throw whatever it can at the problem.If your city isn't helping you out with GPS bait bikes, though, you better know how to get your bicycle back once it's stolen. Good luck! [New York Times] | mini_pile | {'original_id': '4b9314b31e599188d2fa9bc639f2a7b697e385e60d39588f706ad5483ad81168'} |
A galactic ruleset under siege: the Mass Effect 3 controversy (rules of the text 5)
Apr 05, 12 A galactic ruleset under siege: the Mass Effect 3 controversy (rules of the text 5)
Two weeks have passed since the CEO of BioWare attempted to quiet the fans of Mass Effect with an announcement that the Mass Effect 3 development team would be working on a modification to the game’s ending. The announcement was gracious, and whether because internet rage tends to die down more quickly than anyone expects or because Dr. Muzyka’s announcement actually did mollify them slightly, the fans appear at least to have paused in their enormities, perhaps with the intent of seeing what will come of it, pitchforks still ready to hand.
Today BioWare announced that a free downloadable content pack will, this summer, provide new cinematics to add closure. Will the ending really change (what does “really” mean? What does “change” mean?)? We’ll have to wait and see.
But the practomimetic path that led us here has already produced an astonishing amount of new cultural material to analyze, in the ending itself, in players’ reactions to it, in the action they took as a result of those reactions, and most of all, I think, in the beginning of BioWare’s response to that action. All those things, from my perspective, have to do with exactly what I’m talking about in this series, because they show how much broader our ideas of what rulesets and mechanics are need to be than they have been to this point.
Just as I’m arguing here that we can see the text of GRR Martin’s A Song of Ice and Fire as a ruleset and as a performance within an existing ruleset, I think it can be very helpful to see that Mass Effect has mechanics that lie outside its combat-system, its dialogue-system, and the other parts of what we think of as the game, coded but also, as we see assuming increasing important, malleable by the game’s designers. These mechanics are not coded, but they control the relation of player-input to game-state nonetheless, when we see that the game-state is much more than what’s happening in what appears to us to be the gamespace.
In a wonderfully perspicacious article that appeared Tuesday, Rowan Kaiser lays out a case that those of us with an eye to the past, and to other narrative discourses, have been waiting for: BioWare’s plans to modify the ending of Mass Effect 3 are no more or less a violation of artistic integrity than changes made to the film 28 Days Later, or to Great Expectations, and the fans of Mass Effect 3 feel no more entitled than fans of things throughout history to exert their influence to re-shape a beloved work of narrative art.
Rowan’s examples make my point about texts and rulesets very forcefully: fans of all the works he cites were players of those works as rulesets, and engaged in those rulesets on the same basis players of Mass Effect engage with BioWare’s game. Within the choice-creating constraints of the mechanics enacted by these rulesets, players of Great Expectations (readers), of the Iliad (bards), of A Song of Ice and Fire (readers, again–including Roy Dotrice as the reader of the audiobook), of Mass Effect, all perform in such a way that the works they perform are legible only in their performance, to them and to others.
It is entirely unsurprising, then, that they should feel they have a claim upon these rulesets, whether textual or digital-interactive, because without their performances those rulesets could never take cultural effect, in their lives or within their communities.
But to my mind the way discussion of the Mass Effect 3 controversy has focused on issues of authorship is terribly limiting, and Rowan does a great job of putting paid to that part of the conversation. A guy like me who is steeped in cultural forms much older than the ones Rowan cites is perhaps even more inclined to say that authorship is always a kind of polite fiction and, in the case of attempts like mine, to connect games to culture heritage, indeed a pernicious fiction.
Thank goodness we don’t have to do that debate in this post, though, because I think we can get beyond that part of the conversation and into what really makes the Mass Effect 3 controversy if not different from older such controversies than at least interesting in a new way: the way the ruleset and mechanics of the Mass Effect series have themselves figured into the controversy. This isn’t the equivalent of reader outcry at Dickens ending Great Expectations sadly; this is the equivalent of Dickens allowing readers to choose Pip’s actions after every number of All the Year Round and then ending the story without consulting them.
It’s not about authorship, that is: it’s about rulesets, and the choices they allow. What we have in the Mass Effect controversy is an unprecedented chance to delineate the difference between various kinds of practomimetic rulesets–the chance to ask more interesting questions. How is the fan-participation in this discourse different from that in Rowan’s other examples? Even more interestingly: How does that participation relate to fans’ feelings about the choices they made in the three Mass Effect games?
Even more interestingly for me, but perhaps not for everyone: How does that participation begin to re-awaken the kind of fan-participation we see in Odysseus’ relationship to Demodocus, or the bards’ relation to the Choice of Achilles?
If, as Victoria Szabo has suggested, this thing we sometimes wince at calling “digital humanities” is the application of digital methods to the traditional objects of humanistic study, in the Mass Effect 3 controversy we have a tremendous and unexpected chance to do digital humanities. We can use digital game-culture to study the discourses with which humanists are more familiar–as long as we remember the rules of the text. In my next post I want to try to do just that, by beginning to expand my reading of player-performances (including fan-outrage) as expressions of the Mass Effect ruleset with regard to what I regard as the two distinctive features of that ruleset: multiculturalism and irrevocability.
1. Games as mechanics? Series as spaces? And, to throw another question in there too, which decisions matter (or do they ever)?
My perspective of this, as someone who has not played Mass Effect 3 and probably will not get a chance until after this DLC comes out, is one of frustration. Assuming this patch is not forced on me, I have to choose which version of the game is canon (if that can be said to exist at all given all the other choices). Is it the first one or the one that came after people complained?
Of course, added to that is my current knowledge of the ending(s). Which is also the problem too. If, by knowing that many people are dissatisfied with the ending, does that change the experience for me? Is, before I can even play it, the possibility space skewed for me?
If, as you hint at, the series is presenting a unified theme of “your path matters” and then, as this kerfuffle illustrates, breaks that contract by tying the player to certain tracks, make it less of a space (as series) or a greater one by, when players return for multiply playthroughs, they attempt to solve this problem? That is, in knowing that an ending is coming, it changes how they shape their performance up to that point on return paths. More than mastery, but in perfecting what *they* want too.
What happens, I guess I am saying, to performances both before and after the ruleset (in both mechanics and story) changes? Which one, if any, is more valid, the player composite narrative or the author changed options? What happens, as I have read in several places, if a certain reading is only accessible via a perspective that is locked in DLC?
• Great questions, but for me all answerable by saying: “Let go of validity in your now-antiquated modern sense.” :D
• Okay, so, I am going to put away frustration at not being able to Mass Effect 3 for this comment and concentrate on this subject instead.
If we view both the author and the user as capable of configuring the work in separate acts, if they are both in their own ways using performances from rulesets to create, from a set of inputs to a different set of outputs, viable rulesets as a result, are they confined by the overall fiction? That is, can viable practomimes be said to be constrained by the ruleset used in the creation?
What, given that assumption, does that mean for this situation for Mass Effect 3? If all performances are important, does that mean that the players /should/ expect that, given the contract as part of the overall space, they can always see the work support their interpretation of events?
It would seem to be the case, if the choices can be viewed as picking one path over another, that the chain of decisions that represent the composite practomime is dictated by those known from the ruleset from which it was created. In other words, when more choices (or information) is added, does that change the ruleset in a significantly way? And, in turn, does that ruleset change future performances from that ruleset?
In looking across media using the contract of metaphors that a franchise presents, what happens if it conflicts with itself? Is that information invalid or just part of those who see, read or experience it? What happens, and this is what I am interested in currently, if limited knowledge of the metaphors are used in performances?
• I think what happens is that you get a wonderful multiplicity of variegated performances and the rulesets thereby elaborated. Mass Effect becomes an infinitely variable possibility-space, kind of like the organic life of its players. Does it change the ruleset in a significant way? If by “significant” we mean, “having meaning,” then for the performer the answer is of course “Yes,” but the answer for others could be “No” or “Kind of” depending on the way their own performances take shape. That’s why I think BioWare’s response to the controversy has been so interesting: it says publicly that players’ performances have a crucial role in making Mass Effect legible. In the process, the notion of “canon” (which I think is usually a pernicious one anyway, in most of its manifestations) takes a major hit. Good.
2. One might add to the list of questions what effect the online play has on the ruleset of ME3. No longer an ancillary feature of the game (buy and RPG, get a 3d shooter for free!), the ME3 devs built multiplayer play into the storyline (you can’t get the “best” endings unless you play multiplayer missions). This gets me thinking of the self-sponsored ruleset making that goes on when players negotiate roles and responsibilities in cooperative play.
1. Detour to the Magic Kingdom (rules of the text 7) | Play The Past - [...] enough to feel that I can write a good post about the central issues I to which referred in …
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Foundation Topics
Understanding Routing Protocol Fundamentals
This section covers the definition, purpose, and operation of a routing protocol. It also covers the difference between a routing protocol and a routed protocol. You need to understand the definition of a protocol to understand exactly what a routing protocol is trying to achieve.
The Definition of a Routing Protocol
In simple terms, a protocol is an agreed upon set of rules that determines how something will operate . A routing protocol is a set of rules that describes how Layer 3 routing devices send updates between each other about the available networks. If more than one path to the remote network exists, the protocol also determines how the best path or route is selected.
A routing protocol is the mechanism used to update the Layer 3 routing devices. When they all have the same accurate understanding of the network, they can route the data across the best path.
How the Routing Protocol Works
Participating routers advertise the routes that they know about to their neighbors in routing updates. Routes learned from routing updates are dynamic routes held in the routing table. (You will learn more about routing tables later in this chapter in the section "The Routing Table.")
The routing process is confusing until you realize that there are actually three steps involved in building, maintaining, and using the routing table. These three steps are independent of one another and include the following:
1. The routing protocol sends the information about the routes or networks within the autonomous system, such as RIPv1, IGRP, and EIGRP, and between autonomous systems with BGP-4.
2. The routing table receives updates from the routing protocol and provides the forwarding process with information on request
3. The forwarding process determines which path to select from the routing table in order to forward a datagram.
These three steps use the following criteria to make decisions:
• Metrics The routing protocol uses metrics to calculate which path is the best path to the remote destination network. Multiple IP routing protocols cannot easily share information because their metrics are completely different.
• Administrative distance If more than one routing process is running on the router, the administrative distance is used to select which protocol will update the routing table. This is based on which routing protocol is considered the most reliable source of accurate information.
• Prefix length The forwarding process will use the route where the most number of subnet bits match that of the destination network. It chooses the most specific match, known as the match to the longest prefix length.
Routing and Routed
Distinguishing between the datagram and the routing protocol used to determine the path of the datagram is important. The distinction is between the routed protocol and the routing protocols.
The routed protocol is the Layer 3 protocol used to transfer data from one end device to another across the network. The routed protocol is the Layer 3 datagram that carries the application data in addition to the upper-layer information.
The routing protocol is the protocol used to send updates between the routers about the networks that exist in the organization, thereby allowing the routing process to determine the path of the datagram across the network.
Table 1-2 provides a list of routed protocols and their corresponding interior routing protocols.
Table 1-2. Routing and Routed Protocols
Routed Protocol
Corresponding Interior Routing Protocol [a]
[a] IGRP and EIGRP are Cisco Systems proprietary routing protocols.
Types of Routing Protocols
Although the switching and routing functions within the router are set, there are many differences among the different routing protocols.
The routing protocols are essentially applications on the router. Their purpose is to ensure the correct and timely exchange of information about the network between the routers so that the routers can successfully perform the routing and switching functions described previously.
IP routing protocols can be divided into several distinct groups. The first difference is between protocols that send the subnet mask in the updates and the older protocols that do not. These are labeled classless and classful protocols, respectively.
Classful Routing
Classful routing protocols do not carry the subnet or routing mask in the update. The older distance vector protocols tend to be classful. This incapability of carrying the subnetting information leads to design constraints in the IP network.
Classful IP routing protocols include RIPv1 and IGRP. The characteristics of a classful routing protocol are as follows :
• Summarization occurs at the network boundary.
• Routes exchanged between foreign networks are summarized to the IANA classful network boundary.
• Within the same network (IANA classful network), subnet routes are exchanged by routers, without the mask.
• The subnet mask is assumed to be consistent for a IANA classful network used within a network, so all router interfaces must share the subnet mask for interfaces in the same IANA classful network.
The rules of classful addressing lead the router to make specific decisions. Therefore, if there is an entry in the routing table for a specific subnet, the datagram is forwarded to that destination. If the destination subnet is unknown, the datagram is dropped. There is nothing unexpected here. If there is a default network configured for the router, you might expect it to be used. However, the default network is only used in classful routing if there is no knowledge of the network at any level. Thus, if the major network is known, the datagram is dropped even if there is a default network.
The forwarding decision made by a router using classful forwarding is as follows:
1. Send the datagram to the subnet if there is an entry in the routing table.
2. If there is no entry in the routing table, discard the datagram.
3. If there is an entry for a major network but not for the specific subnet, discard the datagram.
4. If there is an entry for a major network but not the specific subnet, do not consider the default network but instead discard the datagram.
5. If there is no entry for either the major network or the subnet, but there is a default route, forward the datagram to the default network.
Classless Routing
Classless routing protocols were designed to overcome the constraints of classful routing, which include the following:
• The utilization of address space might be inefficient.
• Variable-length subnet mask (VLSM) is not possible within the network.
• The inability to use VLSM can lead to very large routing tables and overloaded network links, saturated with routing updates. The routing protocols that are capable of classless routing are OSPF, EIGRP, RIPv2, IS-IS, and BGP.
The characteristics of a classless routing protocol are as follows:
• Router interfaces within the same network can have different subnet masks (VLSM).
• The classless routing protocols support the use of classless interdomain routing (CIDR).
• Some routes can be summarized within the major IANA classful network number. This is done manually.
To utilize the advantages of classless routing, Cisco created the command ip classless , which is the default configuration in current IOS releases. Although this command might seem to solve many of your problems, you need to consider a few caveats. The following section describes the use of the ip classless command and, in particular, how it changes the decisions made by the routing process.
The ip classless Command
The ip classless command changes the forwarding decisions made on entries in the routing table. It does not change the way the routing table is built, but rather how datagrams are routed based on the contents of the routing table.
The ip classless command is the default configuration from IOS software 12.0. To turn off this facility, use the global configuration command no ip classless . Issuing this command will create the actions described in the previous list.
Although it makes sense that Cisco would create the inverse of any command that it introduces, there are instances when making classless routing decisions can cause problems. In these instances, the command no ip classless should be issued.
Consider a network using a Class B addressing system of A remote stub router is configured; it has two Ethernet connections and a serial connection to the hub. The stub router is configured with a default route and no routing protocol running. If the router is running an IOS software version earlier than 12.0, it would be able to connect to the Internet, but not to any other network within its classful (or major) network.
Default routes learned through IS-IS or OSPF ignore the no ip classless command.
In Figure 1-1, Router A is a stub router running Cisco IOS version 11.0 and has not had IP classless configured on it. Although it can reach the network188.56.10.0 on Router Jon the other side of the Internet through the default network, it cannot see or reach the network within its own autonomous system,, because it has a different subnet mask.
Figure 1-1. The ip classless Command
The Routing Table
The previous sections discussed how routing decisions are made and referenced the routing table. This section demystifies the routing table by dealing in depth with the following topics:
• The routing table fields
• How to keep the routing table current and correct
• Other methods of entering routes into the routing table
The Routing Table Fields
The router will reference the routing table and make a decision about forwarding data datagrams to the end destination identified in the destination address of the datagram/packet.
Table 1-3 shows the fields that are present in a typical routing table.
Table 1-3. The Routing Table
Outgoing Interface
Next Hop /24
6 /24
7 /24
8 /24
8 /16
10 /16
11 /24
It is useful to look at each field in the routing table to determine the functionality of the table to the routing process. The next sections cover the following fields of the routing table:
• The Network field
• The Outgoing Interface field
• The Metric field
• The Next Hop field
The Network Field
The Network field contains the networks that the router knows exist in the organization. These entries either were entered manually as static routes or were learned via a routing protocol as dynamic routes. Default routes can be learned either by manual configuration or by routing updates.
When a datagram comes into the router, the routing process attempts to forward it to the remote network, where it should find the destination host. To successfully forward the datagram to the destination host, the routing process must know that the remote network exists. The routing process determines the remote network's existence by looking in the routing table for the remote network.
Typically, only the network portion of the address is stored in the table. Using the hierarchical strength of the addressing keeps the routing table small and the lookup short. The routing process makes a decision based on the longest match to find the most specific entry. This ensures that if VLSM has been deployed, the most specific network is chosen . Cisco IOS code mandates that the longest match can be a /32 or mask. This is a match based on the full host address and is used in specific situations, such as an OSPF environment. It is not encouraged as a common configuration because the size of the routing table grows rapidly . VLSM is described in detail in Chapter 2, "IP Addressing."
The routes in the table are held in an order that speeds up the lookup process, ensuring that the routing decision is streamlined.
Later in the chapter, in the section "How to Keep the Routing Table Current and Correct," you will see how the networks are placed in the table and how path selection to a remote network is chosen.
The Outgoing Interface Field
The Outgoing Interface field in the routing table indicates the following:
• To which interface to send the datagram
• Through which interface the routing update came
The Outgoing Interface field corresponds to the column in the routing table that stores the information about the interface on the router to which the routing process sends the datagram. This is the first step of its journey, the exit point of the router.
The routing process must know which interface queue to use to send the outbound datagram. The outgoing interface field also informs the administrator of the interface through which the network was heard in the routing update, or, more accurately, the interface through which the chosen network was heard .
The Metric Field
The metric is a value that is assigned to each path based on the criteria specified in the routing protocol. The Metric field is used to determine the best path to use if there are multiple paths to the remote destination network. The metric used depends on the routing protocol.
This value is used to choose between different paths to the same destination network to select the best path. If the values are the same, the router either selects the path that it heard first or uses all of the multiple paths, sending the datagrams across each route.
Table 1-4 shows how the metrics are derived by the different routing protocols.
Table 1-4. Routing Protocol Metrics
Routing Protocol
Hop count
Hop count
Bandwidth, delay, load, reliability
Bandwidth, delay, load, reliability
Cost (Although the standards do not specify how to calculate the cost, the Cisco default states that the cost of an interface is inversely proportional to the bandwidth of that interface. A higher bandwidth indicates a lower cost, making higher speed links preferable.)
Cost (Although the standards do not specify how to calculate the cost, the Cisco default states the cost is 10 regardless of bandwidth.)
By default, on a Cisco router, if multiple equal-cost paths exist in IP, up to six paths are used in a round- robin manner to load balance the traffic across the network.
The Next Hop Field
The next hop is the destination address of the next forwarding router. The address of the next hop will be on the same subnet as the outgoing interface. However, there are exceptions to this rule, for example, the next hop in Internal BGP. Internal BGP is beyond the scope of this chapter but is described in more detail in Chapter 15, "Connecting to Other Autonomous SystemsThe Basics of BGP-4."
The purpose of identifying the next hop is so that the router can create the Layer 2 frame with the destination address. When troubleshooting, remember that the next hop address is the address of the router directly connected to the forwarding router. Therefore, the address of the next hop shares the same subnet as the determining router.
Now that you understand the fields of the routing table, the next section discusses how to keep the routing table current.
How to Keep the Routing Table Current and Correct
The routing table in every router within the autonomous system must be both accurate and up-to-date so that datagrams can be directed across the network to their destination. The more recent routing protocols are more efficient than the early offerings of RIP, using fewer network resources, which allows networks to scale while maintaining routing tables that are accurate. For example, the older routing protocol RIP sends out the entire routing table every 30 seconds to a broadcast address. On the other hand, OSPF updates contain information only about network changes and are sent only when that change occurs, using multicast addressing. To ensure that the routing tables are synchronized, OSPF sends a summarization of the entire routing table 30 minutes after the last update was sent.
The accuracy of the table will be affected by how quickly it responds to changes in the network. These changes include the following:
• Learning new networks
• Learning a better path to an existing network
• Learning that a network is no longer available
• Learning an alternative route to a network
How each of these changes is achieved depends on the routing protocol.
Emptying the contents of the routing table and thus forcing the router to relearn the information about the network is very useful in troubleshooting a network.
This command empties all the routes from the table:
Router# clear ip route *
This command removes the specific network from the table:
Router# clear ip route { network [ mask ] * }
The following section gives an example of a routing table. In the BSCI exam, you might be asked to interpret the output of the show ip route command. Therefore, you will need to be able to extrapolate information from this table. The following section shows you how.
The show ip route Command
The show ip route command is used to show the IP routing table on the router. It details the network as known to the router and its sources for the information (such as the routing protocols). This command is excellent for troubleshooting configuration errors and understanding how the network is communicating routing information.
Example 1-1 shows the output of the show ip route command. Table 1-5 explains how to read this information.
Example 1-1. The show ip route Command Output
SanJose# show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R RIP, M - mobile, B BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default U - per-user static route, o ODR T - traffic engineered route Gateway of last resort is not set is subnetted, 3 subnets C is directly connected, FastEthernet3/0 C is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0 C is directly connected, Fddi2/0 Bldg_1# show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R RIP, M - mobile, B BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default U - per-user static route, o ODR Gateway of last resort is not set is subnetted, 3 subnets O [110/20] via, 00:07:44, Ethernet0 C is directly connected, Ethernet0 O [110/11] via, 00:07:44, Ethernet0
Table 1-5. Explanation of the show ip route Command That Was Performed on Router Building 1
Indicates the protocol that derived the route. Possible values include the following:
I IGRP-derived
R RIP-derived
O OSPF-derived
C Connected
S Static
E EGP-derived
B BGP-derived
i IS-IS-derived
Indicates the remote network.
The first number in the brackets is the administrative distance of the information source; the second number is the metric for the route.
Specifies the address of the next router to the remote network.
Specifies the last time that the route was updated in hours:minutes:seconds.
Specifies the interface through which the specified network can be reached.
The show ip route command is useful to verify that the configuration has worked and that the network is functioning correctly.
Other Methods of Entering Routes into the Routing Table
Using a routing protocol is the easiest method to create and maintain an accurate and current routing table. However, it is not the only way, nor is it always the most efficient way to inform the router of the different routes available in the autonomous system. If the router has few resources and is connected to a stub network, it might be more efficient to simply state the path to a router that has full knowledge of the network. This section considers some of the other methodsincluding static routes, default static routes, On Demand Routing, and floating static routesand how, when, and why you might use them.
Static Routes
The routing process sends and receives updates to and from other routers in the autonomous system. These updates populate the routing table, by which forwarding decisions are made and datagrams are sent to the destination address.
There are instances, however, when it is better for the administrator to manually insert a route into the routing table, thus either bypassing the routing process altogether and having no routing protocol running on the router, or adding individual routes into the routing table.
Manually configuring the routing table means adding static routes into the routing table. The advantages of static routes are the conservation of both router and network resources. A routing protocol requires memory, CPU, and bandwidth not simply of the immediate router but of every router in the autonomous system.
The trade-off is that the resources required from the network administrator are considerable. The administrator is responsible for adding every static route. If there is a change in the network topology, it is the administrator's responsibility to change every affected static route within the network. By definition, these routes cannot dynamically correct themselves . Therefore, the network will not converge until the routers are reconfigured.
It seems unlikely that there could be any situation that could warrant such a labor- intensive solution, but there are a few. These include
• Links have very low bandwidth, such as dialup links.
• The administrator needs control over the link.
• The link is a backup to the dynamically learned route.
• There is only one path to the remote network, such as a stub network.
• The router has very limited resources and cannot run a routing protocol.
• The administrator needs to control the routing table to allow a classful and classless routing protocol to populate the routing table. Classful and classless routing was explained earlier in this chapter.
The command for configuring a static route is a global configuration command. The correct syntax is as follows:
ip route prefix mask { ip-address interface-type interface-number } [ distance ] [ tag tag ] [ permanent ]
Table 1-6 describes the usage and meaning of the command parameters.
Table 1-6. The ip route Command Description
IP route prefix for the destination
Prefix mask for the destination
IP address of the next hop that can be used to reach that network
interface-type interface-number
Network interface type and interface number
(Optional) An administrative distance
tag tag
(Optional) Tag value that can be used as a "match" value for controlling redistribution via route maps
(Optional) Specifies that the route will not be removed, even if the interface shuts down
Default Static Routes
On occasion, you need to use a static route to create a default route. A default route is the route that is used if there is no entry for the specific destination route in the routing table. If a datagram comes in destined for the Internet, the routing table, unaware of all the networks outside its autonomous system, will direct the traffic to the edge router that connects to the outside world.
Occasions for using a default route include:
• Connecting to the autonomous system from a stub network
• Connecting to the Internet
Figure 1-2 shows an example of when to use a default route and static route together. Router A is the edge router in the autonomous system and has a default route to the Internet. This default route is propagated to every router in the organization. If a router within the organization is asked to route to a network that is not in its routing table, it directs the traffic to Router A and to the Internet. Likewise, Router B does not need the entire routing table of the organization to which Router A belongs; a static route is configured with the IANA classful network for the organization. This ensures that the routing tables are no larger than they need to be and that the link does not have to suffer the overhead of a routing protocol.
Figure 1-2. Static and Default Static Routes
Remember that when a static route is configured, you have simply told the connected router how to get to the remote network. If routing is disabled on that remote router, it cannot reply. A reciprocal route (static or dynamic) is required.
Also, static routes that point to an interface are fine for point-to-point circuits, but in point-to-multipoint topologies, the router will not be able to resolve a next hop.
The command for configuring a default static route is a global configuration command. The correct syntax was shown earlier in the "Static Routes" section, because it is configured in the same way as a static route. However, the source and destination prefix is set to If the default route has no knowledge of the destination route because there is no entry in the routing table, it does not care where the datagram came from or where it is destined and therefore sends it to the address defined in the default route.
Floating Static Routes
Floating static routes are another mechanism for entering information manually into the routing table. They also overcome a limitation or constraint in the network design. A floating static route allows a backup route to lie dormant until the primary route dies. Then the backup route is activated and takes the place of the primary route until the network is mended. At that point, the backup route returns to sleep until the next time it is called upon. An example is a dialup line that serves as the backup to the Frame Relay link connecting a campus to the core of the network.
The complication of this solution is that the backup route is statically defined and is therefore considered more reliable than the route learned through a routing protocol. This means that the backup link would immediately become the primary path and be entered into the routing table.
To be sure that the backup route never overrides the original route, it is defined as a floating static route, allowing it to be the primary link only in the event of the primary link's untimely death. The static link is made less attractive than the primary link, despite its status as a static route, by changing the administrative distance to a higher value than that of the primary link.
On Demand Routing
Everything comes at a cost. In the case of routing updates, static routing has a high administrative overhead, and dynamic routing consumes network resources. Normally, choosing whether to implement static or dynamic routing is a straightforward decision; high speed and cheap network resources reduce the concern nowadays. Static routing, while still used to define networks, is often used to share routing information between classful and classless routing protocols or to define a default route. However, in a network that has a large distributed topology, neither dynamic nor static might be appropriate. In such a network, the links are often low bandwidth and very little information might need to be sent across the link. It would appear that static and default routes are a prime candidate for this situation. However, if there are many remote sites in the typical hub and spoke configuration, this might become an unmanageable administrative burden . In On Demand Routing (ODR), all spoke routers can have an identical configuration, though obviously the IP addresses must be unique to each router.
ODR uses Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) to send the prefixes of attached networks from the spokes , or stub networks, to the hub or core router. The hub router sends its interface address of the shared link as the default route for the stub router.
ODR has the advantage of sending minimal information, such as the prefix and mask and the metric of one, every 60 seconds by default. This information populates the routing table of the hub router and can be redistributed into a routing protocol. Because the mask is sent in the update, VLSM can be used.
Figure 1-3 shows a typical example of when ODR could be used. In this figure, Router A, as the hub, has knowledge of all the networks connected to every spoke (stub router). The networks for the rest of the autonomous system have not been placed in Router A's routing table in order to simplify the figure.
Figure 1-3. Typical Network Topology for ODR
Every spoke router, represented here by Router B, is sent a default route to the rest of the network. The default route is, with the next hop being the IP address of the interface that connects Router A to each spoke router. Router B, therefore, has two networks to which it is directly connected: the default network, and the next hop address to the default network, which is the IP address of Router A.
When configuring ODR, it is important to remember the following points:
• No IP routing protocol should be configured on the stub routers; IP routing is on by default, allowing the use of default routes.
• Any secondary addresses configured on the stub routers are not propagated by CDP to the hub router.
• ODR must be configured on the hub router.
• Although CDP is enabled by default on interfaces, some WAN interfaces, such as ATM, require CDP to be configured on the interface with the command cdp enable .
• CDP uses multicast; therefore, on WAN technologies that require mapping statements, use the broadcast statement to ensure the CDP updates are propagated.
• It might be necessary to tune the CDP timers to send updates more frequently than every 60 seconds.
To configure CDP/ODR, use the commands described in Table 1-7.
Table 1-7. ODR Configuration Commands
Configuration Mode
cdp timer seconds
Changes how often the CDP updates are sent
router odr
Enables ODR on the interface and is only configured on the hub router
timers basic update invalid holddown flush [ sleeptime ]
Changes how often the ODR routes are flushed from the routing table
Routing Versus Switching
This section describes the roles of routing and switching and how these functions work together to move datagrams through the network. Cisco makes a distinction between the routing function and the switching function of a router. The difference is simple: Two jobs within a router need to be done to move a datagram from an incoming interface to the outgoing interface. The destination path first must be determined, and then the datagram can be sent to the outgoing interface and on to the next stage in its journey. The path determination is the routing function, while sending the datagram to the outgoing interface is the job of the switching process.
The Routing Function
The routing function is responsible for learning the logical topology of the network and then making decisions based on that knowledge. The decisions determine whether the incoming datagram can be routed and, if so, how.
The routing process goes through these steps when a datagram is received. The steps to route a datagram can be summarized into the following questions:
1. Is the protocol stack and routing protocol configured on the router?
2. If the protocol stack is present, is there an entry for the remote network in the routing table?
3. If the destination network is not in the routing table, is there a default network configured?
4. If either a dynamic or a default route is available, is the destination network reachable ?
5. Which is the best path to that remote network?
6. Are there multiple equal-cost paths?
7. If there are multiple equal-cost paths, to which outgoing interfaces should the datagrams be queued?
The Switching Function
The switching function is concerned with moving data across the router. It is responsible for forwarding the datagram. Switching takes over after the routing decisions have been made. Although the router has lookups to make, the few decisions that need to be made are performed in hardware. Therefore, this function is very fast.
The switching function does the following:
1. Checks the incoming frame for validity
2. Checks whether the frame is addressed (at Layer 2) to the router
3. Checks whether the frame is within the scope of the framing criteria (too big or too small)
4. Checks whether the frame passes cyclic redundancy check (CRC)
5. Strips the Layer 2 header and trailer from the frame and checks the destination address against the cache entries
6. Creates the appropriate frame header and trailer (if there is an entry in cache for the destination address) and forwards the frame to the outbound interface queue
Note that the preceding sections refer to the internals of the Cisco IOS software, which are extremely complex. The software has been described at the level required by the BSCI exam. If you are designing and configuring live networks, it would be wise to understand some of the issues in more depth. This information is readily available on the Cisco web site.
Functionality is broken into two components to ensure that the process is as fast as possible. After the routing decisions are made, the Cisco router caches the result, allowing subsequent datagrams to be switched.
The Routing/Switching Relationship in a Cisco Router
A datagram transiting the router is accepted into the router if the frame header (of the frame in which the datagram resides) contains the Layer 2 address of one of the router's interfaces. If properly addressed, after the framing is checked, the frame and its content (the datagram) are buffered, pending further processing. The buffering occurs in main memory or some other specialized memory location.
If the source and destination Layer 3 address of the datagram have not been seen by this router before, the datagram will be process switched, or routed. This involves the following actions:
1. When a datagram is to be forwarded, a process initiates a lookup in this routing table and a decision about how the datagram should be forwarded.
2. The datagram is then encapsulated.
3. If fast switching is enabled, the datagram is examined again, and an entry is put into a route cache. The entry in this cache consists of the following:
- An IP prefix
- The output interface
- The link-layer header to be used in forwarding the datagram
On subsequent datagrams, if the IP destination matches a prefix found in the route cache, the datagram is forwarded using this information. The routing function is not disturbed, nor are the CPU cycles required to feed this monster expended.
The type of route cache used depends on the hardware used. The caches available are called fast switching, autonomous switching, silicon switching , and Cisco Express Forwarding ( CEF ) .
CCNP BSCI Exam Certification Guide
CCNP BSCI Exam Certification Guide (CCNP Self-Study, 642-801) (3rd Edition)
ISBN: 1587200856
EAN: 2147483647
Year: 2002
Pages: 194
Authors: Clare Gough
flylib.com © 2008-2017.
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Not many pundits had the Ravens defeating the Steelers. The Baltimore Ravens were more than happy to prove people wrong as they dismantled the Steelers 30-17 and advanced to the divisional round to battle the New England Patriots.
The Baltimore Ravens are facing a familiar foe in the Wild Card weekend as they will battle it out with their divisional rival Pittsburgh Steelers. Luckily, they will be heading into the game with most of their faces healthy and on the field.
The Cincinnati Bengals haven’t won an NFL playoff game since January 6, 1990. They beat the Houston Oilers—right there, that tells you it was a long time ago—by a 41-14 score in the wild-card round of the AFC playoffs. Since then, the Bengals have lost all five postseason contests they’ve played in. That needs to change this weekend.
With the Ravens in the middle of game preparations for their Wild Card game against the Steelers, the last thing Baltimore needed was off the field distractions. But that’s exactly what they’ll get with the news surfacing about their head of security.
The easy part may have been getting to the playoffs in the first place when considering who Baltimore must play next. Their biggest rivals in Pittsburgh will be their first test as they look to advance in the postseason for the 6th time in 7 seasons. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '08d2fac1c83abd0bb51781ed85ebe2f005f5d59fb48c26c48838f9330537f32e'} |
Q:
xpath to select an attribute value where another attribute is a predicate
Say my XML node is this simple:
<foo>
<bar id="1" name="John" />
<bar id="2" name="Bill">
<qwert name="Tony" />
</bar>
</foo>
What's the xpath expression to select the name value where I have matched an id already?
//foo/bar@name will return the name attributes, but if I want to match an exiting attribute and then return the name, a-la
//foo/bar[id='1']@name
throws
Uncaught Error: INVALID_EXPRESSION_ERR: DOM XPath Exception 51
A:
I think it's just
//foo/bar[@id='1']/@name
| mini_pile | {'original_id': 'aa10657afc37f6c539ff8532e36508dd6160c0129851038a364de44866c3b884'} |
pray
pray Lyrics
[Verse 1]
I'm feeling down, you know I'm feeling low
I'd get so high, that's just the way it go
They don't tell you when you're young
How much it sucks to be numb
I'm feeling fine, you know I'm feeling good
I got your... brought him back to my hood
They don't tell you when you're dumb
How fun it is to get lost
[Chorus]
Never forget your place
Try to look up 'cause the answers are in your face
Never forget to pray
I pray to my god and my mom 'cause they're both the same
I pray for my homies
I pray for the girls that feel lonely
I pray for you, for me, for everything that ever comes my way
You know at night I pray
You know at night I pray for you
You know I pray for you
You know I pray for you
[Verse 2]
I'm feeling blue, you know I'm in that mood
Open my 40 on the avenue
They don't tell you when you're young
How much it sucks to be numb
I'm feeling big, you know I'm feeling strong
I got your... he knows all my songs
They don't tell you when your dumb
How fun it is to get lost
[Chorus]
Never forget your place
Try to look up 'cause the answers are in your face
Never forget to pray
I pray to my god and my mom 'cause they're both the same
I pray for my homies
I pray for the girls that feel lonely
I pray for you, for me, for everything that ever comes my way
You know at night I pray
You know at night I pray for you
You know I pray for you
You know I pray for you
[Outro]
Get lost with somebody before the world ends
Grab the first human being you see
Tell them you love them
Get lost in somebody before this shit ends
Grab the first human being you see
Tell them you love them
More on Genius
About “pray”
“pray” is the second single from duendita’s debut project direct line to My Creator.
What have the artists said about the song?
pray is about being denied access, discovering my community has been historically cast aside and dealing with these realities at a young age. yet, pray is an expression of the relief and safety that growing up in a diverse environment provides while envisioning a more inclusive world 🦋 | mini_pile | {'original_id': '81489eb45193f22ed2a41c6acb8da0e45d9d21ffcdfdc7aabd629a61dbefa3ef'} |
Criminal Justice
Drew Peterson gets 38 years for murder of 3rd wife
Insisting that he has been wrongly convicted for a murder he did not commit, a former suburban Chicago police sergeant spoke at length before his sentencing Thursday for the death of his third wife, Kathleen Savio, and said “rumors, gossip, outrageous lies and, most importantly, unreliable hearsay” were to blame.
Drew Peterson could have gotten as much as 60 years in the Will County case, but Judge Edward Burmila gave him 38 years in recognition of his police and military service, the Chicago Tribune reports in an extensive article about the hearing.
Seeking a maximum sentence, State’s Attorney James Glasgow argued that Peterson also threatened and even attacked his second wife and has left his children with his fourth wife effectively without any parents. His fourth wife, Stacy Peterson, is missing, and prosecutors have said they believe Drew Peterson is responsible, although he has never been charged concerning her disappearance.
Peterson, however, contended that his mistake was talking to the media who hounded him concerning what became a very highly publicized, sensational case. He blamed the bad publicity that resulted for helping to ensure his conviction. “Everybody from busybodies like Nancy Grace … to that ridiculous movie that played repeatedly before and during my trial,” he said, referring to Drew Peterson: Untouchable, a made-for-television Lifetime drama that starred Rob Lowe as Peterson.
“Until this happened, I thought I was a great guy,” Peterson said. “And in moments, the media turned me into a monster.”
A KABC story about the sentencing notes that Judge Edward Burmila earlier Thursday denied a defense motion for a new trial based on claimed ineffective assistance of counsel during Peterson’s trial.
Earlier coverage:
ABAJournal.com: “Divorce Lawyer Testimony in Drew Peterson Trial: 4th Wife Mulled Accusing Him of Murdering 3rd Wife”
ABAJournal.com: “Former Cop Drew Peterson Found Guilty of Murdering His Wife, Faces Up to 60 Years in Prison”
ABAJournal.com: “Drew Peterson Lawyer Accused of ‘Hornbook Errors’ and ‘Smorgasbord of Ethical Violations’”
ABAJournal.com: “Former Drew Peterson lawyer sues onetime co-counsel and news outlets for libel”
Left-out U of Chicago now 5th in new National Jurist rankings, but law profs remain critical
Coyote Ugly retaliation claims can go forward; keeping client meetings under control
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send the Dame your information, discretion assured.
Offensive/inappropriate comments will be deleted and the poster banned.
Tuesday, 13 May 2014
With election fever mounting the Dame has decided to throw open her little blog to all parties fielding candidates on the 22 May.
The Dame will be at the count so if you see a buxom, elderly lady of refined demeanour do come and introduce yourself...
So all you...Conservatives...LibDems...
Labour...Ukip and Independents: this is your moment to reach out to the Dame's vast and influential readership and convince it that you have the answers.
The Dame is waiting.... so come on Conservatives and your coalition partners, the Lib Dems and UKIP
1. Dear Dame, the Opposition Labour Group has a magnificent manifesto that we have all worked very hard to produce. It is the culmination of the past four years of local campaigns, Motions to Council and our priorities and input on committees. It is a credit to Cllr Blakeman and the quiet but relentless determination she applies to the issues that really matter to residents.
We are very proud of our manifesto, and you are welcome to read it on:
1. Can you explain why you say you want to support local business and all your leaflets are printed in Glasgow
2. Can you explain why you spent £100,000 on a Bentley, bought and serviced in Surrey when you could have bought a locally sourced and British built Jaguar....touche
3. That was the Tories, not Labour. This was vigorously opposed by Labour and every year they propose in the alternative budget to sell it.
4. The Labour Party have put up candidates in the south of the borough where they cannot win, and where all they will succeed in doing is taking votes away from the Independents and helping the Tories.
The person who came up with that idea should really consider whether maybe he could do better in another profession other than politics.
2. Great stuff Emma - but its all words. You guys need to prove that you can be effective and force change in the Council Chamber. Not much progress to date. And you cannot afford to lose good Councillors like Todd Foreman.
So pick one thing, concentrate on that, and show that you know how to cut the mustard.
1. Holland Park Opera would be a good start. Nice simple little project. Kill the subsidy and force the freeloaders to find market funding.
2. Yes, indeed Fly Swatter and it might be valuable to remind voters of those other wastes of money, such as UFO's landing in car parks, from the Council's Culture Team
3. None of which will be cut under NPB's watch. He is Patron-in-Chief of this sort of stuff.
3. K&C Labour has a great history of "words". Now it is time to do something.
4. Why build a Manifesto around Tony Ben? He is gone.
5. Hilarious....Palmer, we know acuity is not your forte so why not answer Fly Swatter's point on Holland Park Opera? Indeed, why not present your manifesto on the 'Labour blog'. You might also reflect why it was ever felt necessary for taxpayers to fund a Bentley, bought for £110,000 and now depreciated to £40,000!
As for my little organ being Labour...why not use it to promote policy?
The leader wrings his hands, saying we cannot do anything about planning law...of course he can. He can lobby C. Government to change those laws. Now back in your box. You do the once admirable Conservative Party no good with your rants and appallingly disrespectful behaviour in the Council chamber. You act like a common and vulgar yob!
6. On behalf of the Independent candidates standing in Stanley Ward
We will act in the interest of the residents, not for the property developers and overseas investors
We will hold regular surgeries for our constituents
We are dedicated to providing and increasing both affordable and social good quality housing in the borough
We will fight against the forced social cleansing of our borough, the forcing of long-term residents and families out of their homes to make way for more luxury properties
We will fight to introduce reasonable taxation on ghost properties. Our suggestion is a charge of 2% per annum of the capital value on all non-domiciled properties.
We will always act in the interest of the residents not for any political party
We will fight to maintain the Thamesbrook residential care home
We will fight to maintain and increase the provision of affordable nurseries
We will work with all parties to bring the basement extensions situation under control
With the planned Royal Brompton Hospital expansion, we will work with all parties to deliver a solution which benefits the community
We will fight to protect local amenities
We will stand up for the small independent shops and businesses being forced out of the area
We will always put the residents before £1 million pound subsidies to the opera and other vanity projects.
We are the only candidates promising to put our residents before politics, and the concerns of our community before the those of the developers, overseas investors and other outside interests, who only see our community as a means to enrich themselves at the expense of us all.
1. Great bunch of good ideas from the Inde's
7. Conservatives in the Royal Borough will not stoop to participate in this vulgar and irrelevant blog
1. Stanley ward resident14 May 2014 at 10:15
If it's so vulgar and irrelevant why do ALL councillors assiduously read it....
10:01 I smell the stench of panic.
The Inde's seem to have a resident facing manifesto....yours would doubtless be incapable of convincing voters of anything else than you have bugger all to offer. And look, as I have done, at the stats as to the vast number who read the Dame. Long live the Dame I say
2. I LIVE IN SUTTON BUILDINGS14 May 2014 at 10:19
Really funny to see Pooter Cockell doing his 'political lying'.
He has met with Affinity Sutton to work with them in demolishing Sutton Buildings and is trying to play off all sides on the Royal Brompton and Royal Marsden.
8. With the Independents there is finally a group of locals with some sensible ideas for our area.
We have been bullied and marginalised by this council for too long, and it's time to show them that we the residents will not take it any longer.
The Independents definitely have my vote.
9. You are all so unfair about Sir Merrick Cockell. Someone has to stand up for those poor despised minorities, the property developers and overseas investors, and Sir Merrick has bravely supported them at every opportunity. It takes a special type of person to stand up for these minorities against the wishes of the vast majority of his constituents.
It is too easy to ridicule Sir Merrick Cockell for his pomposity, his arrogance, the Bentley, his expenses, his two salaries, and his being entertained by all those developers and investors, while really we should just pity him.
10. The reason we are standing as Independents is because encouragement of local residents. They are sick and tired of not being heard , they are sick and tired of the planning Juggernaught rolling over lots of things that they, and Chelsea hold dear. If we voice our disagreements through the council system and not have them taken on board - then something, somewhere is very very wrong. Residents should not be sidelined - they need to be prioritized. If i am elected - then i can assure you - resident voices will be heard at the Town hall- we are not dictated to by Party Politics - our allegiances are to our voters in Stanley Ward.
11. Looks like the Conservatives and Lib Dem are 'chicken'
12. The only chicken is the faceless editors of the hornet
1. Mr Palmer...the Dame is not faceless. Go this link and you will see her in all her regal finery.
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By MATTHEW ROTHSCHILDMatthew Rothschild is the editor of The Progressive magazine. A graduate of Harvard University, Rothschild prior to coming to The Progressive worked as the editor of Multinational Monitor, a magazine founded by Ralph Nader.
The Progressive, Jul. 3, 2003
"The Bush Administration is using a system of kangaroo justice. It bounces from one legal designation to another in an effort to keep untried and unconvicted people penned up. Ali Saleh Kahlal Al-Marri is a perfect example. Al-Marri, a student from Qatar who was pursuing graduate studies in Peoria, was first detained by the F.B.I. as a material witness, a designation the Justice Department has been using illegitimately to hold suspects. Then, the Justice Department charged Al-Marri with lying to the F.B.I. and credit card fraud. Weeks before his trial on those charges was to start, the Bush Administration declared him an 'enemy combatant,' removed him from prison in Illinois, and tossed him into a military brig in South Carolina."
---
"Bush has arrogated to himself the sole power to label someone an enemy combatant, and at the moment, Yasser Hamdi and Jose Padilla, both American citizens, are so designated. Al-Marri, who is not a citizen, is now the third in this dubious class. By branding people enemy combatants, Bush has pulled an end-around the Constitution, which grants to all persons the right to due process of law and equal protection, as well as the right to an attorney and to a trial. As Human Rights Watch has pointed out, 'This kind of military detention has no place in a country committed to the rule of war.' "
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"There's no rhyme or reason to Bush's use of this designation, either. The American Taliban, John Walker Lindh, was not labeled an enemy combatant. He was allowed access to the courts. Zacarias Moussaoui also was granted such access, which may yet be withdrawn. Hamdi, Padilla, and Al-Marri have been denied this. On what basis does the Bush Administration distinguish between these two groups? Could it be that when the government thinks its case is weak it just slaps the novel designation of 'enemy combatant' on the person? This is an amazing assertion of Presidential power. Actually, it's a regal power, pre-Magna Carta. Who gave Bush the throne?"
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Europe > Germany
Germany Population 2014
Population Rank:
% of World Pop:
December, 6th 2013
The last census in Germany took place in 2011, showing a population of 80,219,695, which made it the 16th most populous country. Estimates of the current German population include those 81,471,834 from the CIA World Factbook and 81,799,600 from the European Union.
Germany Population 2013
Did you know?
Germany has the 3rd largest pop of Jews in Europe @ 120k, down from 1939's 234k but up from 30k in 1990.
Despite a drop in the country's growth rate, it's 2013 population is now estimated at 82,656,067, which makes Germany the 15th most populous country. It's also the largest country in the European Union. However, its birth rate is one of the lowest in the world and, if current trends continue, the population of Germany could well reduce to around 65-70 million over the next 50 years.
East versus West
Germany Population 2013When East Germany and West Germany were re-united in 1990, the population of East Germany was around 16.1 million people.
Although living standards have improved dramatically in the East over the past 20 years, it still lags behind in economic development and, as a result, many people head West in search of better job opportunties.
Pollution is also a massive legacy of the East German era, where industrial output was prioritized more highly than the environment, and many seek to move simply for a better quality of life.
The New York Times reports that around 1.7 million people have left East Germany since 1990 -- that's a decrease in population of just over 10%.
You can see the movement from East to West dramatically illustrated in this map.
Immigration into Germany
Of all the 27 European Union states, Germany has the highest percentage of immigrants in its population. Just under 10 million people living in Germany today were born outside of Germany -- that's about 12% of the German population. Most immigrants come from other European countries, particularly from Turkey, Russia, Poland and Italy and today only two countries in the world have more immigrants in total than Germany: Russia and the United States.
The German Government has been keen to encourage immigration over the past fifty years -- partly to address longer term demographic problems in Germany, such as its low birth rate, and partly to address shorter term labor shortages.
Religion in Germany
The majority of Germans are Christian, either Roman Catholic (30.0%) or Protestant (29.9%), although 1.6% of the population are also Orthodox Christians. Islam is the second largest religion in Germany – about 4-5% of Germans are adherents.
The largest single group, however, is non-believers, who make up 34.1% of the population. The number of atheists and agnostics is far higher in Eastern Germany than in Western Germany, largely because of the Communist East German state’s policy of discouraging relgious belief.
Largest Cities in Germany
Germany is divided into 16 states, referred to collectively as Länder, and each state has its own constitution and remains fairly autonomous. Each state also has its own capital. Despite its large population, Germany has relatively few large cities, and only four have a population over 1 million: Berlin, Hamburg, Munich and Cologne.
Still, these cities are much larger when the metropolitan area is taken into account. Hamburg, for example, has a city population of 1.8 million as of 2012, but its metropolitan area is home to more than 5 million. Düsseldorf, the 7th largest city in Germany, has a population of close to 600,000, but its metropolitan area is home to over 11.3 million.
Here's a full list of the ten largest cities in Germany.
1Berlin 3,439,100
2Hamburg 1,769,117
3Munich 1,330,440
4Cologne 998,105
5Frankfurt am Main 671,927
6Stuttgart 600,068
7Düsseldorf 586,217
8Dortmund 581,308
9Essen 576,259
10Bremen 547,685
Germany is home to a large number of smaller cities and towns, however, and in total there are currently 82 cities with a population of more than 100,000 people.
German Census
Censuses have only been intermittently conducted in Germany, and the last one took place in 1987. Instead, the German Government relies on extrapolations from sample data collected from a small percentage (around 1%) of the population. Still, Germany did participate in the EU-wide census in 2011, which gave much-needed insight into the country's population.
Germany Population Growth
Germany is currenty fighting a major population drop, and many towns that were thriving just a few decades ago are now filled with vacant homes that may never be sold.
The country is now spending about $265 billion every year on family subsidies in an attempt to reverse this trend, with little success. Germany has many issues to overcome, including attitudes in the country where working women with children are dubbed "raven mothers" with an implication of neglectfulness and immigrants are not always welcomed with open arms.
Some experts worry that the country has waited too long to try to address its population problem, and raising fertility rates have proven difficult. Giving money to families and tax breaks for stay-at-home mothers and married couples has done little, and demographers believe expanding after-school and day care programs would be a better investment for the country.
The country will also need to start bringing in more immigrants to fill hundreds of thousands of vacant skilled jobs.
Germany is a representation of the declining fertility rates Europe has seen over the past few decades, and Germany found that it had lost 1.5 million people in its most recent census. This news was a bit of a surprise to the country, which had not conducted a single census since its reunification, even after the Berlin Wall fell in 1989. It seems Germany missed this population loss because its people value privacy, and the last census in 1987 was very strongly opposed, and the one in 2011 was only done because it was required by the European Union.
Most of the 1.5 million who disappeared were migrants, who apparently did not deregister when they left the country, and thus lived on in records. Germany was found to have 1.1 million fewer foreigners than it thought, and 428,000 fewer Germans.
Given these troubling trends, it's estimated that the country will shrink another 19% by 2060 to just 66 million.
Germany Population Chart | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.97329181432724}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '23175', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:TOAZZV2J4ENFYE47ED4YGV6E2J2CC5FI', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:b1c07715-4dcd-4176-b8ea-fd35892654d0>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 3, 10, 15, 49, 31), 'WARC-IP-Address': '176.32.102.68', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:T7WBONFD5YYQKDPCIWNKYU4BQ6T4MUHF', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:dc19d79d-8b62-41c9-9294-1335831da46f>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/germany-population/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:e5c6536b-23f5-4bbb-a513-de0597cfc87b>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1039', 'url': 'http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/germany-population/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-10\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for March 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.25816571712493896', 'original_id': '342754be076d74c71b376d1695c8bbce9513074cc43b96156790fecf41edd286'} |
A Look at the Fundraising Model Behind This Small Town Museum's Big City Windfall
Conventional wisdom suggests that these are trying times for small-town arts organizations.
After all, the money's usually concentrated in the big cities. And where there's money, there's talent—a recent report from the DeVos Institute of Arts Management at the University of Maryland suggests that big city organizations tend to poach professional expertise, including dancers and directors, from smaller regions. Then there's the issue of evaporating gifts, compounded by an uneven economic recovery and ongoing turbulence in the stock market.
News out of Louisville, however, suggests a refreshing alternative to this narrative.
The Speed Art Museum—dubbed by the Art Newspaper as an "an under-the-radar institution" far from a major art capital—pulled off a $60 million renovation without a cent of public funding. In fact, it exceeded its initial goal by a cool $10 million. How did they do it?
Strangely enough, the answer lies approximately 970 miles to the east, in Massachusetts. Back in October, we looked at Worcester Art Museum's impressive fundraising prowess, noting:
The museum, faced with a shrinking donor base and changing economy, knew a fundamental strategic shift was in order. The temptation to emulate their big-city competitors had always been strong, but as a long-term financial strategy, it simply wasn't feasible. [Director Matthias] Wascheck noted that the museum's mission moving forward would be to resist the urge to imitate heavyweights like the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston.
And so figuratively speaking, the Speed Art Museum took a page out of Worcester's handbook. As the oldest museum in Kentucky, Speed resisted the urge to "Keep up with the Joneses" in Chicago or New York and doubled down on celebrating 250 years of fine and decorative arts in the commonwealth. It's also tackling present-day issues. According to Art Newspaper, site-specific commissions include a work addressing a Confederate monument opposite the museum.
Then there's the museum's fundraising strategy. It may not be the most elegant analogy, but the Speed Art Museum's approach is a three-legged stool composed of major donors, corporations, and crowd funding. Regarding the former, the museum pulled from Louisville's long history of homegrown philanthropy. Members of the Brown family, who own the Brown-Forman Corporation (which produces Jack Daniel’s whiskey), contributed $18 million to the project. Meanwhile, local physicians Elizabeth Pahk Cressman and Frederick Cressman gave $10 million for the art park and plaza.
On the corporate front, the museum leaned heavily on the state's bourbon industry, receiving support from Heaven Hill Distilleries as well as Louisville Gas and Electric Company.
Lastly, anonymous donors have challenged the community to match a $500,000 gift with the Speed 365 campaign. So far, $125,000, or an average of $50 per gift—we call it the "Bernie Sanders Effect"—has been raised online and through text-message donations.
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Michael Fish is my favourite. He's a hoot, a real character.
我最喜欢迈克尔·菲什。他滑稽逗趣，是个实实在在的人物。
What we need is not manifestos of pious intentions, but real action.
我们需要的不是善意但难以实现的宣言，而是实际行动。
A child may not differentiate between his imagination and the real world.
儿童可能无法将自己的幻想与真实世界区分开来。
He was not listed under his real name on the residents panel.
他未以真名在居民名册上登记。
He'd put up a real fight to keep you there.
他曾努力争取让你留在那儿。
The object has no real value, materially or emotionally.
无论从物质还是情感上说，这个东西都一无是处。
They were in a real jam, Bob thought glumly.
他们确实遇上麻烦了，鲍勃闷闷不乐地想。
By his own admission, he evaded taxes as a Florida real-estate speculator.
他亲口承认自己在佛罗里达从事房地产投机生意时逃过税。
What they said was a real knock to my self-confidence.
他们的话是对我自信心的一次重大打击。
At least they have a real chance to find work.
至少他们的确有找到工作的机会。
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#0004e6 Color Information
In a RGB color space, hex #0004e6 is composed of 0% red, 1.6% green and 90.2% blue. Whereas in a CMYK color space, it is composed of 100% cyan, 98.3% magenta, 0% yellow and 9.8% black. It has a hue angle of 239 degrees, a saturation of 100% and a lightness of 45.1%. #0004e6 color hex could be obtained by blending #0008ff with #0000cd. Closest websafe color is: #0000ff.
• R 0
• G 2
• B 90
RGB color chart
• C 100
• M 98
• Y 0
• K 10
CMYK color chart
#0004e6 color description : Pure (or mostly pure) blue.
#0004e6 Color Conversion
The hexadecimal color #0004e6 has RGB values of R:0, G:4, B:230 and CMYK values of C:1, M:0.98, Y:0, K:0.1. Its decimal value is 1254.
Hex triplet 0004e6 #0004e6
RGB Decimal 0, 4, 230 rgb(0,4,230)
RGB Percent 0, 1.6, 90.2 rgb(0%,1.6%,90.2%)
CMYK 100, 98, 0, 10
HSL 239°, 100, 45.1 hsl(239,100%,45.1%)
HSV (or HSB) 239°, 100, 90.2
Web Safe 0000ff #0000ff
CIE-LAB 28.899, 72.546, -99.392
XYZ 14.323, 5.799, 75.223
xyY 0.15, 0.061, 5.799
CIE-LCH 28.899, 123.051, 306.125
CIE-LUV 28.899, -8.496, -115.984
Hunter-Lab 24.081, 64.032, -168.352
Binary 00000000, 00000100, 11100110
Color Schemes with #0004e6
Complementary Color
Analogous Color
Split Complementary Color
Triadic Color
Tetradic Color
Monochromatic Color
Alternatives to #0004e6
Below, you can see some colors close to #0004e6. Having a set of related colors can be useful if you need an inspirational alternative to your original color choice.
Similar Colors
#0004e6 Preview
Text with hexadecimal color #0004e6
This text has a font color of #0004e6.
<span style="color:#0004e6;">Text here</span>
#0004e6 background color
This paragraph has a background color of #0004e6.
<p style="background-color:#0004e6;">Content here</p>
#0004e6 border color
This element has a border color of #0004e6.
<div style="border:1px solid #0004e6;">Content here</div>
CSS codes
.text {color:#0004e6;}
.background {background-color:#0004e6;}
.border {border:1px solid #0004e6;}
Shades and Tints of #0004e6
Shade Color Variation
Tint Color Variation
Tones of #0004e6
A tone is produced by adding gray to any pure hue. In this case, #6a6a7c is the less saturated color, while #0004e6 is the most saturated one.
Tone Color Variation
Color Blindness Simulator
Below, you can see how #0004e6 is perceived by people affected by a color vision deficiency. This can be useful if you need to ensure your color combinations are accessible to color-blind users.
• #1d1d1d Achromatopsia 0.005% of the population
• #171845 Atypical Achromatopsia 0.001% of the population
• #004b92 Protanopia 1% of men
• #00507e Deuteranopia 1% of men
• #005558 Tritanopia 0.001% of the population
• #0031b0 Protanomaly 1% of men, 0.01% of women
• #0034a3 Deuteranomaly 6% of men, 0.4% of women
• #00378c Tritanomaly 0.01% of the population | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '135', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.6673218011856079}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '35859', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:GDW6WX4JSYOMMFSKBD7LCYRYIRMZZVFT', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:c4b0a32e-ff89-4bc7-8c94-6e592f7a813d>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 3, 25, 8, 8, 49), 'WARC-IP-Address': '46.105.117.190', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:BRVZ3VI6CCDHXK4YRTJBKXYILOZXAMPD', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:565820f5-9c41-469c-bbe7-11bff49129f7>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.colorhexa.com/0004e6', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:f016a356-9ab4-4672-9913-6b83c32ef7b4>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '418', 'url': 'http://www.colorhexa.com/0004e6', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-13\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for March 2017\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.020804941654205322', 'original_id': 'f1765b332a3adbdbff0519c7b3626e7db362cca18698ad8983e619ac9ebfc8f0'} |
How to Calculate Mole Percent
••• Rawpixel/iStock/GettyImages
In the physical sciences, some properties of mixtures relate to mole fraction, or mole percent, of one of the mixture’s components. The mole represents a quantity of substance, but relates to the number of atoms or molecules rather than mass or volume. Specifically, 1 mole represents 6.022 x 10^23 atoms or molecules of substance. You calculate the number of moles by dividing the mass of substance by the substance’s atomic or molecular weight. You then find the mole fraction by dividing the moles of one substance in a mixture by the total number of moles of all substances in the mixture.
1. Determine Mass
2. Determine the mass of all chemical species in a mixture. If the mixture is already prepared, this information should be provided. If you prepare the mixture yourself, record the mass in grams of each substance. For example, consider a solution prepared by combining 10 grams of sodium chloride (NaCl) and 100 milliliters or 100 grams of water (H2O). If a mixture is prepared using non-metric measurements, such as ounces, convert to units of grams using an online calculator.
3. Calculate Molecular Weight
4. Calculate the formula weights or molecular weights of all components of the mixture by multiplying the number of atoms of each type in the formula by its corresponding atomic weight. Check the periodic table of the elements for atomic weight. For example, NaCl contains one sodium atom and one chloride atom with atomic weights of 22.99 and 35.45, respectively. The formula weight of NaCl is therefore (1 x 22.99) + (1 x 35.45) = 58.44. H2O contains one hydrogen and one oxygen atom with atomic weights of 1.01 and 16.00, respectively. This gives water a molecular weight of (2 x 1.01) + (1 x 16.00) = 18.02.
5. Divide Mass by Molecular Weight
6. Determine the number of moles of each substance by dividing its mass in grams by its formula or molecular weight. In this case, 10 grams of NaCl represents 10 ÷ 58.44 = 0.171 moles of NaCl, and 100 grams of water represents 100 ÷ 18.02 = 5.55 moles of H2O.
7. Calculate Mole Percent
8. Calculate the mole percent of one of the components by dividing its number of moles by the total number of moles of all substances and multiplying the result by 100. In the case of 0.171 moles of NaCl and 5.55 moles of H2O, the mole fraction of NaCl becomes 0.171 ÷ (0.171 + 5.55) x 100 = 2.99 percent. The mole fraction of water becomes 5.55 ÷ (5.55 + 0.171) = 97.01 percent.
Things You'll Need
• Periodic table of the elements
• Calculator
• The mole fractions for all substances in a mixture should add up to 100 percent. In the example of 10 grams of NaCl combined with 100 grams of water, the mole fraction of NaCl and H2O were 2.99 and 97.01 = 100.
The difference between "molecular weight" or "formula weight" represents a formality that differentiates between compounds with covalent and ionic bonds. However in practical terms, you calculate molecular and formula weights identically. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8738382458686829}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '387643', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:FHDO3PUVSMCG2CTSG6EHDCCNQ5PCB45I', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:324a20e9-c2fa-47fb-99fe-16ee40caa801>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 23, 15, 4, 3), 'WARC-IP-Address': '23.222.12.146', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:JSZLHYKYYUCDYDLMEWDDEE5TC762WCJD', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:6d6d16dd-3598-4fe1-8f07-ca706affc0c3>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://sciencing.com/calculate-mole-percent-8248185.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:a583e2be-3b7b-4acd-97da-1d83cb29a1cf>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '495', 'url': 'https://sciencing.com/calculate-mole-percent-8248185.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-04\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for January 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-52.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.17 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.987644374370575', 'original_id': '6a850d872a6ee24287aa5ccfb2d23cd0d06198c3a0959e55f87226af9d90c478'} |
RAGE OF LIGHT – Release New Video For “Fallen”
February 08, 2019 - 269 views
It’s time to melt melodic death metal and trance together! RAGE OF LIGHT, the rising stars from Switzerland around charismatic lead singer Melissa Bonny prove that these styles can build a very strong symbiosis. The result is a musical monster!
Today, RAGE OF LIGHT unleashes the official video for their first single “Fallen”, taken from the new album Imploder! Their mix of sharp riffs, electronic beats, melody and screaming violence gets perfectly illustrated by the art of producer and bandfounder Jonathan Pellet, filmed by Roger Simon and Sylvain Pellet.
RAGE OF LIGHT on the new video:
"We are thrilled to share the first single of our album Imploder. This song reflects the evolution of the band and its music, and gives a first taste of the universe in which the album will guide the listeners."
On March 29th, RAGE OF LIGHT will release their debut album Imploder on Napalm Records.
You can Pre-Order the new album HERE!
[Artwork by: Gustavo Sazes]
1. Light
2. Enraged
3. Fallen
4. I Can, I Will
5. Away With You
6. In The Shadow
7. Battlefront
8. Imploder
9. Mechanicals
10. Nothingness
RAGE OF LIGHT are a Swiss trance metal/melodic death metal band, created by vocalist/keyboardist Jonathan Pellet, known for his past works with Trophallaxy/Dysrider. Jonathan came up with the idea to create a hybrid of trance and melodic death metal elements in 2007, but due to being busy with other projects, it took almost a decade for the idea to fully bear fruit. Finally, in 2015, he recruited vocalist Melissa Bonny and guitarist Noé Schüpbach to complete the band.
04.05.19 BE - Ittre / Kraken Metal Fest
more tba!
Melissa Bonny - Main vocals
Jonathan Pellet - Vocals, keyboards, synth & drums programming
Noé Schüpbach - Guitars, bass | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '2', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.837104082107544}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '120503', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:KDINHHO4IM3L6YEUPYEQHOFPXUVPD2BQ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:0ff74b6b-7485-46f5-acfd-3194624fc91e>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 4, 24, 4, 19, 45), 'WARC-IP-Address': '163.172.197.206', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:TT5T3PACI4YNAAHRR6OBZM6KXHLDJAEM', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:ce9533c0-4232-42d5-8279-ee4f08fee526>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://metalmeyhemradio.com/news/rage-of-light-release-new-video-for-fallen-4402', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:b3b3f831-0d18-452d-a422-4383eb2db28b>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '291', 'url': 'http://metalmeyhemradio.com/news/rage-of-light-release-new-video-for-fallen-4402', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-18\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for April 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-97-181-44.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.03446304798126221', 'original_id': '26d4deb27da23f0988b3c49e95604babc4655e1db0a9850c3113bded89320487'} |
For Essential Volvo Servicing In Hydechoose an ‘independent’ Volvo specialist who will provide ‘dealer service’ at a more affordable price. Hallmark Volvo are situated in Stockport, with well over 20 years’ experience in the industry, which gives them a competitive edge over other garages. Demonstrating first class service on a daily basis, they are an integral part of the local community, offering a comprehensive service that won’t be beaten for quality and price.
With customers in Hyde and the surrounding areas for Volvo servicing, Hallmark have built up a large customer base in the Borough of Stockport and Greater Manchester through their professional approach and competitive prices. Offering MOT testing, brakes, exhausts, air conditioning and general Volvo car servicing repairs, Hallmark are your ‘one stop shop’ for all Volvo owners.
Maintaining your vehicle-whatever age it may be-is what Hallmark offer for Volvo servicing in Hyde and all other areas. If you have been put off with the quotes you have received at a main dealer, it’s a relief to know Hallmark can provide the same level of work at a price that meets your needs.
Call now on 0161 429 0008 or email | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9152994751930236}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '37098', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:2FZHTCJKHNPEJEDZQNR4XVXEIGH63BFZ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:b1397d09-8ef7-4045-baae-98ab9250be28>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 5, 24, 3, 53, 20), 'WARC-IP-Address': '78.129.239.13', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:RAHMRRYBFDQDIC2SY66RQYHDFMEGN24B', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:304b1213-0872-4627-a71f-03941730269d>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://hallmarkmotorservices.co.uk/blog/essential-volvo-servicing-in-hyde/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:e8b94af0-cab5-487a-bffd-7093f5be8988>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '190', 'url': 'https://hallmarkmotorservices.co.uk/blog/essential-volvo-servicing-in-hyde/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-22\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-7-214-88.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.03988128900527954', 'original_id': '74ffd2c265b3bc683704ef9578f07c15928dd7da0f9eb480f2c9f9cf491c8e5c'} |
Image copyright Thinkstock
An international team of scientists say the way teenagers' brains are wired may help predict whether they will develop drug problems in the future.
The team looked at adolescents who were generally more impulsive than their peers - a trait sometimes linked to the misuse of drugs.
They found teenagers who had a particular pattern of activity on brain scans were more likely to misuse drugs.
The early work appears in the journal Nature Communications.
Scientists asked 144 adolescents who had not previously used recreational drugs to fill in questionnaires and take part in behavioural tests to assess how impulsive they were and how attracted they were to trying new things.
'Experimental methods'
Researchers then conducted a range of brain scans, while asking the adolescents to carry out tasks that could win them cash prizes at the same time.
The tests were designed to look at how particular parts of the brain responded to the prospect of getting a reward.
They found those teenagers who had less nerve activity in these brain areas during these tasks, were more likely to have drug problems two years later.
One theory behind this, the scientists say, is that teenagers who are more likely to take drugs have less motivation for traditional rewards like money, and more for less conventional rewards.
Prof Brian Knutson, at Stanford University, says he hopes with more work, these types of tests could help identify vulnerable teenagers who could be offered help before problems arise.
Meanwhile Prof Derek Hill, of University College London, said the study was "interesting" with carefully collected and analysed data.
But he cautioned that the methods used in the study were still experimental.
He added: "It is therefore important that results like this are replicated in separate studies before the results in this paper should be used to change the way these young people are diagnosed and treated." | mini_pile | {'original_id': '248712de5eb78af46b22c4bbb29b0c370bec3737bd5ede8ca251fef81decfec7'} |
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Smartling API - SDKs
The Smartling developer API enables an organization to specify exactly what content is translated, identify language-specific localization and design characteristics, and take advantage of many other custom features. Full documentation is not publicly available.
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Mariah Carey Pregnant With Twins -- Was It IVF?
Mariah CareyMariah Carey isn't just pregnant. Husband Nick Cannon let slip this week that Mimi is expecting twins sometime this spring -- after Mariah herself told President and Mrs. Obama her belly was carrying multiples. Ready? Set? Let the fertility treatment rumors begin!
Don't kid yourself; you thought it -- if even for a split second. At 41 years old, with a history of miscarriage and plenty of money to spend, Carey is a prime candidate for some sort of intervention. Add in the fact that she's expecting more than one baby, and the mind starts whirring.
You can't help it. The CDC estimates twins are now coming out at a rate of 32.2 per 1,000 live births in America. In 2007, there were 138961 twins born in the states. Compare that to 68339 in 1980, and that's more than double in less than 30 years.
So who's to blame? Women like Mariah -- older moms, who very likely sought fertility treatment to help push them up over the hurdles of conceiving at an "advanced maternal age." One of every five births to women 45 years of age and older was a twin delivery, while twins account for less than two of every 100 births to mothers 20-24 years of age. Not surprisingly, the blogosphere exploded with Cannon's confirmation, salivating at the thought that Mimi had to use a turkey baster or get shots every day. We just love thinking of our stars as having to get dirty, don't we?
The real question isn't whether it happens. It's why we care so much. Rumors about Mariah's belly have swirled so long that it's obvious she wants to be a mother and Nick wants to be a daddy. As a mom who conceived naturally, I know my daughter was wanted. But even I can say these moms may want it more than I do -- to go to such lengths to live their dream.
I don't care how it happened any more than I care when a friend decides childrearing isn't for her. Another woman having a tubal ligation or having fertility treatments doesn't affect my parenting any more than my male friend marrying his male partner affects my marriage.
As blogger and mother of triplets Jennandtonica put it in a post on BlogHer a few weeks ago, "All pregnancies are natural, regardless of the technology used to help achieve them." When people ask her whether her kids were natural, she responds, "Well, they certainly aren't robots."
Carey and Cannon's won't be robots either, but here's betting they'll be able to carry a wicked tune. Do you hear twins and think IVF?
Image via Facebook
motherhood, pregnant celebrities, infertility
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nonmember avatar Ashley
As someone who has gone through IVF, I do think it matters if she had treatments or not. Infertility is not something to be taken lightly and should not be taboo although it still seems to be. Own up to getting help, spread the message that some people need help to get pregnant. A person shouldn't have to be embarrassed or keep fertility treatments a secret.
mrs.r... mrs.ramirez
Of course she conceieved through IVF.
I don't understand why people feel the need to be embarrassed over this. It is stupid if you ask me.
I have a close friend who's children were carried by surrogacy & is ALL she talks about. She is so proud and loves to share her amazing story with people.
I do wonder...if people get carried away with ivf if the world will soon be all twins? Hrmmm.
happy... happymom1988
i can almost swear that it was IVF ............ all the facts add up . if not , look aroudn at the other stars who conceived twins and did use Ivf ! sounds too similar to not ignore ! but either way , congrats !
nonmember avatar Monzie
Frankly, I don't care *how* she got pregnant but I did want to mention that the likelihood of conceiving twins naturally increases as a woman gets older. By the time a woman reaches 45, twins occur in 1 out 17 pregnancies.
nonmember avatar Danielle
Yes, when I hear twins are on the way I assume IVF or other fertility treatments were involved, especially if the couple has been married for a long time. But do I care? I'm curious but I don't care how those babies were conceived no more than I care to know what position someone else was in when she conceived her kids. I'm curious because I know that IVF is more than a medical procedure- it's a marital one as well. Couples who use IVF have usually already tried the "old fashioned" way before resorting to the highly invasive and stressful procedure and it doesn't often take the first time. It has an enormous impact on your marriage and having twins is joyous but it's a lot more work than singletons. As Jeanne wrote, you know those babies were REALLY wanted (similar to adopted children) so they are deeply loved but sometimes the journey to add to your family takes a major toll.
sodapple sodapple
just because a person had twins i do not necessarily thing it was IVF.
Saras... Sarasahmof3
Assuming anything just makes an ass,out of you and me. ass-u-me When I had my twins people kept asking me if I had help. NO, they were a surprise. We did not have any medical help at all in conceiving them. Twins happen, some naturally and some with help.
nonmember avatar taria
I dont think they used ivf to get pregnant because they got pregnant on their own the 1st time when she miscarried. She admitted to using progesterone to regulate her cycles after her D&C
Kelly Garza
I think the whole reason this is an issue, as a mom who suffered from infertility, is that women need to know that cases like this are not the norm. What I mean by that is even though it really is no one else's business how my child came to be, it is important to educate women on fertility issues. So many women are waiting until later in life to have children, for one reason or another, and think that since so and so celebrity had their child or children at 42, then they will be able to as well. And since she is in the spotlight, it is important that she be honest as to how she, after all of her struggles, became pregnant with twins.
Chubzzy Wamy
then i will wat until i turn 40 as well if thats the scret to havin multiple babies,though i strongly fel its an IVF
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Q:
Custom Input Mappings JSON : Could not find any matches for the incoming event with JSONPath
I have an event receiver with custom input mapping as my event format was a little different. It has no meta or correlation attributes.
Example is:
{ "ts":"2016-05-08T08:59:47.363764Z",
"uid":"CLuCgz3HHzG7LpLwH9",
"id.orig_h":"172.30.26.119",
"id.orig_p":51976,
"id.resp_h":"172.30.26.160",
"id.resp_p":22,
"version":2,
"client":"SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.0",
"server":"SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_6.6.1p1 Ubuntu-2ubuntu2.6",
"cipher_alg":"arcfour256",
"mac_alg":"hmac-md5",
"compression_alg":"none",
"kex_alg":"diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1",
"host_key_alg":"ssh-rsa",
"host_key":"8d:df:71:ac:29:1f:67:6f:f3:dd:c3:e5:2e:5f:3e:b4"}
There is no newline, I have added to make it readable. Accordingly I created an event receiver with a custom input mapping :
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<eventReceiver name="sshlogreceiver" statistics="disable"
trace="disable" xmlns="http://wso2.org/carbon/eventreceiver">
<from eventAdapterType="http">
<property name="transports">all</property>
</from>
<mapping customMapping="enable" type="json">
<property>
<from jsonPath="$.ts"/>
<to name="ts" type="string"/>
</property>
<property>
<from jsonPath="$.uid"/>
<to name="uid" type="string"/>
</property>
<property>
<from jsonPath="$.id.orig_h"/>
<to name="id_orig_h" type="string"/>
</property>
<property>
<from jsonPath="$.id.orig_p"/>
<to name="id_orig_p" type="int"/>
</property>
<property>
<from jsonPath="$.id.resp_h"/>
<to name="id_resp_h" type="string"/>
</property>
<property>
<from jsonPath="$.id.resp_p"/>
<to name="id_resp_p" type="int"/>
</property>
<property>
<from jsonPath="$.version"/>
<to name="version" type="int"/>
</property>
<property>
<from jsonPath="$.client"/>
<to name="client" type="string"/>
</property>
<property>
<from jsonPath="$.server"/>
<to name="server" type="string"/>
</property>
<property>
<from jsonPath="$.cipher_alg"/>
<to name="cipher_alg" type="string"/>
</property>
<property>
<from jsonPath="$.mac_alg"/>
<to name="mac_alg" type="string"/>
</property>
<property>
<from jsonPath="$.compression_alg"/>
<to name="compression_alg" type="string"/>
</property>
<property>
<from jsonPath="$.kex_alg"/>
<to name="kex_alg" type="string"/>
</property>
<property>
<from jsonPath="$.host_key_alg"/>
<to name="host_key_alg" type="string"/>
</property>
<property>
<from jsonPath="$.host_key"/>
<to name="host_key" type="string"/>
</property>
</mapping>
<to streamName="SSHInStream" version="1.0.0"/>
</eventReceiver>
The sample event of input stream is :
{
"event": {
"payloadData": {
"ts": "data5",
"uid": "data5",
"id_orig_h": "data1",
"id_orig_p": 70,
"id_resp_h": "data3",
"id_resp_p": 4,
"version": 50,
"client": "data1",
"server": "data2",
"cipher_alg": "data5",
"mac_alg": "data3",
"compression_alg": "data3",
"kex_alg": "data4",
"host_key_alg": "data4",
"host_key": "data4"
}
}
}
I dont have event and payload tags in my events as it is a simple log file. When I try to send events, I got an error on console saying :
ERROR
{org.wso2.carbon.event.receiver.core.internal.type.json.JSONInputMapper} - Could not find any matches for the incoming event with JSONPath : com.jayway.jsonpath.JsonPath@543abe49 ,hence dropping the event
Have I done custom input mapping wrong or what else I need to do?
A:
The reason for that error was the presence of dots (.) in my event's parameters. As soon as I replaced them with the other character, in my case i chose underscores, it worked fine.
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '6f57e837361d5dd07ffb096c0b6077ac93d177f6ad4d6a956b864127641489d1'} |
Tuesday, October 15, 2019
The Islamic Wills Essay Example for Free
The Islamic Wills Essay This article is a very brief overview of the traditional Sunni Islamic law pertaining to the Islamic will. The aim of this article is to arouse awareness amongst Muslims particularly those living in the West regarding this important aspect of Islamic law. It should be stressed that when writing a will one should consult an Islamic scholar/legal expert to ensure that the will complies with Islamic law as well as the law of the country of residence. When a Muslim dies there are four duties which need to be performed. These are: 1.payment of funeral expenses 2.payment of his/her debts 3.execution his/her will 4.distribution of the remaining estate amongst the heirs according to Sharia The Islamic will is called al-wasiyya. a will is a transaction which comes into operation after the testator’s death. The will is executed after payment of funeral expenses and any outstanding debts. The one who makes a will (wasiyya) is called a testator (al-musi). the one on whose behalf a will is made is generally referred to as a legatee (al-musa lahu). Technically speaking the term testatee is perhaps a more accurate translation of al-musa lahu. The importance of the Islamic will The importance of the Islamic will (wasiyya) is clear from the following two hadith: It is the duty of a Muslim who has anything to bequest not to let two nights pass without writing a will about it. (Sahih al-Bukhari) A man may do good deeds for seventy years but if he acts unjustly when he leaves his last testament, the wickedness of his deed will be sealed upon him, and he will enter the Fire. If, (on the other hand), a man acts wickedly for seventy years but is just in his last will and testament, the goodness of his deed will be sealed upon him, and he will enter the Garden. (Ahmad and Ibn Majah) the will gives the testator an opportunity to help someone (e.g. a relative need such as an orphaned grandchild or a Christian widow) who is not entitled to inherit from him. The will can be used to clarify the nature of joint accounts, those living in commensality, appointment of guardian for one’s children and so on. In countries where the intestate succession law is different from Islamic law it becomes absolutely necessary to write a will. The Will (Al-wasiyya) The Islamic will includes both bequests and legacies, instructions and admonishments, and assignments of rights. no specific wording is necessary for making a will. In Islamic law the will (wasiyya) can be oral or written, and the intention of the testator must be clear that the wasiyya is to be executed after his death. any expression which signifies the intention of the testator is sufficient for the purpose of constituting a bequest. there should be two witnesses to the declaration of the wasiyya. A written wasiyya where there are no witnesses to an oral declaration is valid if it written in the known handwriting/signature of the testator according to Maliki and Hanbali fiqh. the wasiyya is executed after payment of debts and funeral expenses. the majority view is that debts to Allah (SWT) such as zakh, obligatory expiation etc. should be paid whether mentioned in the will or not. However, there is difference of opinion on this matter amongst the Muslim jurists. The Testator (Al-musi) every adult Muslim with reasoning ability has the legal capacity to make a will. An adult for this purpose is someone who has reached puberty. Evidence of puberty is menstruation in girls and night pollution (wet dreams) in boys. In the absence of evidence, puberty is presumed at the completion of the age of fifteen years. The Maliki and Hanbali fiqh also consider the will of a discerning (tamyiz) child as valid. Under English Law you must be at least 18 years of age to make a valid will (similarly in most of the United States of America) unless you are a military personnel in which case you may make a valid will at the age of 17. the testator must have the legal capacity to dispose of whatever he bequests in his will. When making a will the testator must be of sane mind, he must not be under any compulsion and he must understand the nature and effect of his testamentary act. The testator must of course own whatever he bequests. the testator has the right to revoke his will by a subsequent will, actually or by implication. In traditional Sunni Islamic law the power of the testator is limited in two ways: 1.firstly, he cannot bequest more than 1/3 of his net estate unless the other heirs consent to the bequest or there are no legal heirs at all or the only legal heir is the spouse who gets his/her legal share and the residue can be bequeathed. Narrated Sa‘d ibn Abi Waqqas (RA): I was stricken by an ailment that led me to the verge of death. The Prophet came to pay me a visit. I said, O Allahs Apostle! I have much property and no heir except my single daughter. Shall I give two-thirds of my property in charity? He said, No. I said, Half of it? He said, No. I said, One-third of it? He said, You may do so, though one-third is also too much, for it is better for you to leave your offspring wealthy than to leave them poor, asking others for help (Sahih al-Bukhari, Sahah Muslim, Muwatta, Tirmidhi, Abu Dawud and Ibn Majah.) 1.secondly, the testator cannot make a bequest in favour of a legal heir under traditional Sunni Muslim law. However, some Islamic countries do allow a bequest in favour of a legal heir providing the bequest does not exceed the bequeathable one-third. Legal heir in this context is one who is a legal heir at the time of death of the testator. Narrated Abu Hurayrah (RA): Allah’s Prophet (SAWS) said, Allah has appointed for everyone who has a right what is due to him, and no bequest must be made to an heir. (Abu Dawud). Similar hadith narrated by Abu Umamah (RA) and reported by Ibn Majah, Ahmad and others. The Legatee (Al-musa lahu) generally speaking, for a bequest to be valid, a legatee must be in existence at the time of death of the testator except in the case of a general and continuing legatee such as the poor, orphans etc. the legatee must be capable of owning the bequest. any bequest made in favour of any legal heir already entitled to a share is invalid under traditional Sunni Muslim law unless consented to by other legal heirs. an acknowledgement of debt in favour of a legal heir is valid. acceptance or rejection of a bequest by the legatee is only relevant after the death of the testator and not before. generally speaking once a legatee has accepted or rejected a bequest he cannot change his mind subsequently. if the legatee dies without accepting or rejecting the bequest, the bequest becomes part of the legatee’s estate according to the Hanafi fiqh because non-rejection is regarded as acceptance. According to the other three main Sunni madhahib, the right to accept or reject the bequest passes onto the heirs of the legatee. there is difference of opinion as to the time at which ownership of a bequest is transferred from the testator (or his heirs) to the legatee. According to the Hanafi and Shafii fiqh the transfer of ownership is at the time of death of the testator, according to the Maliki and Hanbali fiqh the transfer of ownership is at the time of accepting the bequest. all the Sunni madhahib agree that if the legatee dies before the testator, the bequest is invalid since a bequest can only be accepted after the death of the testator. if there is uncertainty as to whether or not the legatee survived the testator, such as a missing legatee, the bequest is invalid because the legatee must be alive at the time of death of the testator for the will to be valid. if the testator and legatee die together, such as in an air crash, and it is not certain who died first, the bequest is invalid according to the Hanafi, Maliki and Shafii fiqh. But according to the Hanbali fiqh, the bequest devolves upon the legatee’s heirs who may accept or reject it. Executor of the will (Al-wasi Al- mukhtar) the executor (al-wasi) of the will is the manager of the estate appointed by the testator. the executor has to carry out the wishes of the testator according to Islamic law, to watch the interests of the children and of the estate. The authority of the executor should be specified. Hanafi and Maliki fiqh state that the executor should be trustworthy and truthful; the Shafii fiqh state that the executor must be just. the Hanafi fiqh considers the appointment of a non-Muslim executor to be valid. the testator may appoint more than one executor, male or female. the testator should state if each executor can act independently of the other executor(s). if one starts acting as an executor, one will be regarded as having accepted the appointment, both in Islamic and in English law. Dr. Abid Hussain
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Post a Comment | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '1187', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9575679898262024}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '55009', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:Q2OJOTQJGQMF43PWWWOCBEQ6MZPUUS2K', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:2c22768f-acef-486f-83a3-5c7918a977d5>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 11, 14, 12, 17, 57), 'WARC-IP-Address': '172.217.164.129', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:O3YKK7LEMSUBNXJNH74H4PPKGHCZNF3I', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:a1dbd8d0-ffe6-4904-b7c8-561a6344460e>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://essayhistoryforcollegesuniversities.blogspot.com/2019/10/the-islamic-wills-essay-example-for-free.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:876fbd3e-d572-4bfd-ab3b-941fa3a37a3f>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1539', 'url': 'http://essayhistoryforcollegesuniversities.blogspot.com/2019/10/the-islamic-wills-essay-example-for-free.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-47\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-211.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.02701127529144287', 'original_id': '978d4ba9415bee8bdef512a4daa0a472b2b848f8014a42f7714349c5e2ffb3b9'} |
What Is Livestock?
Cattle, which are usually classified under the species name Bos primigenius, are livestock that were domesticated over 10,000 years ago.
A young pig.
Sheep are common livestock found on pasture farms.
Camel are a type of livestock that is used for transportation, carrying burdens, and food in arid climates.
Rabbits are semi-wild animals that can be kept as livestock.
A young goat.
Barley, which is often used to feed livestock.
Horses are an example of livestock.
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• Written By: Mary McMahon
• Edited By: Bronwyn Harris
• Last Modified Date: 07 February 2015
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The word “livestock” is an umbrella term used for domesticated animals raised in an agricultural environment, with the intent of providing food, textiles, labor, or fertilizer to their owners. Common examples are horses, pigs, goats, cows, sheep, and poultry, although numerous other semi-wild animals including reindeer, yaks, camels, and emus could also be considered livestock. Humans have coexisted with domesticated animals for centuries, and the rise of farming and keeping animals probably contributed to a major shift in human culture.
The word can be taken to have several meanings, depending on interpretation. Livestock is sometimes referred to as “stock,” in shorthand, reflecting the idea that the animals are property in addition to living beings. These animals are both living stock, or inventory, and the stock, or basis, of life for farmers and the people who rely on them. Raising animals is an important part of life for people all over the world.
Purely domesticated animals such as cows and horses are radically different than their wild counterparts. In some cases, the wild ancestors of domesticated livestock are actually extinct, because humans have selectively bred domesticated versions for so long. Domesticated livestock would probably have difficulty surviving in the wild, because it has been bred to be smaller and more docile than a wild animal would be. Semi-wild animals used as livestock, such as rabbits, have thriving wild populations in addition to domestic ones.
The uses for livestock are myriad. The most obvious is food, in the form of meat, dairy, and egg products. Few animals, however, are raised purely for their meat; the most notable exception to this is the pig, which is primarily a food animal. Most animals also contribute something else to the farm. Sheep, for example, have thick wool coats which are annually sheared to make textiles, and cows can provide physical labor as draft animals in addition to being a source of food. All livestock also produces plentiful amounts of manure, in the form of excrement, thus helping out in the farm garden as well.
Some of these animals are also kept as pets, and enjoy privileged positions in human society. Horses, for example, are widely ridden and used as work animals, and in many cultures they have a status which borders on the sacred, while others have no difficulties eating their horses. In areas where living conditions are difficult, such as Tibet, a single livestock animal like the yak may provide the bulk of food, shelter, and companionship; therefore, the animals are highly valued.
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Discuss this Article
Post 11
There are many advantages to having your own livestock, but one of the biggest disadvantages is the lack of freedom you have.
Any time you are going to be away for more than a few hours, you have to figure out how you are going to get the livestock fed.
We have some neighbors who only live on a few acres, but they have chickens, goats, emus and honeybees. They rely on family members to help them if they are going to be away.
I would not want all this responsibility, but I do enjoy buying fresh eggs from them. These are brown eggs that have bright yellow yolks and thick shells.
I know these are free-range chickens, because they make it down to my place every now and then!
Post 10
I try to buy organic food when I can, and I also like to buy organic meat. It can be pretty expensive if you buy this in the health food store.
I found a man who raises his own livestock and sells the organic meat. I pay for the meat and for the processing fee, but when I buy a large amount at a time, it ends up being way cheaper than I could buy in the store.
You can really tell a difference in the quality of meat when the livestock has been raised organically.
I have a big freezer to keep this in, and usually order from him once every 6 months. In addition to his organic livestock, he has organic vegetables that his wife grows in her garden.
I am thankful I found a source to buy some healthy, organic food without paying such a high price for it.
Post 9
I live close to some Amish and Mennonite communities where they still use horses as a means of transportation and to help in the fields.
If you pull up to one of their country stores, you will usually always see several horses tied up at the fence.
It is also not uncommon to see them transporting people from place to place pulling them in a buggy.
If you aren't around this very often, it really seems like a novelty, but there are many groups of people who still use their livestock this way.
Post 8
I grew up in an agricultural state, so I think nothing about driving around seeing cows and sheep grazing in the field.
You also see many hog farms and horses in every corner of the state. For many people where I live, the livestock industry is a major portion of their income.
If you ever come to our state fair, the livestock that the kids show for their 4-H projects is always a big attraction. Growing up around the noise and smell of different livestock is a normal part of life for us.
Post 7
I know a guy who lives down the road and raises sheep strictly for their wool. He has a large herd of livestock and two Great Pyrenees dogs to serve as shepherds.
Those sheep are fluffy and white during parts of the year and nearly bald during others. The sheep dogs are equally white, and they blend in so well that you don't notice that they are dogs until they begin to chase you. They chase cars that drive by, thinking that they are protecting the sheep from them.
I know that in the days of old, people had to tend to the sheep to keep them from wandering off and being eaten by wolves. Today, most sheep are kept in pens, and special dogs keep the coyotes away.
Post 6
My neighbor raises chickens for food, and I used to be terrified of them when I was a kid. I often went over there to play with a girl my age, and one time, she took me into the chicken pen.
The hens were okay, because they just clucked and darted here and there. The rooster was the bully. He had sharp claws, and my friend had warned me that if he gave chase, we should run to the barn loft.
He angrily began chasing us, so we climbed up into the hay-filled loft. This seemed to satisfy the rooster.
After that experience, any qualms I had about eating cute little chickens went away. I felt no guilt while munching on a fried chicken sandwich.
Post 5
@StarJo – It must have been nice for them to be so self-sufficient. You rarely find people who make their entire living from their own farms anymore.
Every person I have met with a herd of cattle in my lifetime just uses them to make money. They don't do any slaughtering or milking themselves. They just sell them at an auction to the highest bidder, who then will see to the unpleasant tasks of using the cattle.
It makes me a little sad to see a clueless herd of cows happily grazing in a field. They have no idea that they are just there to be fattened up and murdered.
Post 4
Livestock provided everything for my grandparents when they were starting a family. They lived on a farm, and they tended to the animals and worked the garden all day.
The cows provided the three M's – milk, meat, and manure. Pigs and chickens provided breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Chickens were really useful, because you could use them to make various soups, meals of fried chicken, and scrambled eggs for breakfast.
The cow manure really helped out in the vegetable garden. My grandparents told me that they produced large, juicy tomatoes and bountiful corn because of the fertilizer.
Post 1
you mention nothing of the environmental impacts attributed to raising livestock.
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p53 promotes adenoviral replication and increases late viral gene expression.
The tumor suppressor protein, p53, plays a critical role in viro-oncology. However, the role of p53 in adenoviral replication is still poorly understood. In this paper, we have explored further the effect of p53 on adenoviral replicative lysis. Using well-characterized cells expressing a functional p53 (A549, K1neo, RKO) and isogenic derivatives that do not (K1scx, RKOp53.13), we show that virus replication, late virus protein expression and both wtAd5 and ONYX-015 virus-induced cell death are impaired in cells deficient in functional p53. Conversely, by transfecting p53 into these and other cells (IIICF/c, HeLa), we increase late virus protein expression and virus yield. We also show, using reporter assays in IIICF/c, HeLa and K1scx cells, that p53 can cooperate with E1a to enhance transcription from the major late promoter of the virus. Late viral protein production is enhanced by exogenous p53. Taken together, our data suggest that functional p53 can promote the adenovirus (Ad) lytic cycle. These results have implications for the use of Ad mutants that are defective in p53 degradation, such as ONYX-015, as agents for the treatment of cancers. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'f3c5d066f7726912aeaf5bf3207255151d2994ed9b49d0731e9f5c7e6111044d'} |
Thursday, May 21, 2009
The She-Beast (1966), Or, How I Was Really, Really Wanting To See Barbara Steele's Hoots.
Dearest friends, it is I, the Duke, writing to you from my estate in the south of France. Normally in this space I would relate to you my recent exploits, enthralling you with tales of odious gypsies in the darkest reaches of the globe. However, I will not be doing that this time, as I have been battling a curious malady that has forced me to stay close to home. Without going into specifics, let me instead suggest that if the Vicar invites you to accompany him to a brothel high in the Andes, a brothel filled with deformities cursed by what must be the most hate-filled god, politely decline.
Having nothing to do but smoke via my hookah, I had a trusty servant bring me a random sampling from the media library. I was pleasantly surprised when she returned with The She-Beast, starring the fabulous Barbara Steele. Made in 1966 by first-time director Michael Reeves, the movie was shot on a shoestring budget and was entirely made within 3 days. While this haste shows, we still get a movie that is wholly enjoyable, if for different reasons than me might first have expected. Let’s examine it more closely, shall we?
Our movie opens with a drunken old man driving a yellow car up to his “house”. I use house loosely because it’s really a cave, despite it having a front door and a little green mailbox. The cave is decorated with skulls, so props to his interior decorator. In his stupor, he stumbles over to his bed and picks up a book for some light reading. The book is an account of the nearby town’s witch problems some 200 years previous. Flashback time!
A boy flees through a forest and through fields, blood trickling down his forehead. Onward he runs, finally arriving at the village church. He pounds on the door, interrupting a funeral in progress, where most (probably all) of the townsfolk are gathered. The boy informs the villagers that the witch has taken his brother! The priest quickly calls for a torch-wielding posse. There’ll be an ol’ fashion witch-hunt tonight, oh yeah!
"My posse's on Broadway!"
As they are rushing out the door, one of the priests of the church tries in vain to remind everyone that the Count should be sent for first, so that he can exorcise the demon out of the witch before they kill her, because if they don’t she’ll “forever be in our midst!” Ignoring him in their bloodlust, they rush into the hills anyway, torches waving. The procession finally arrives at the witch’s cave and the head priest steps forward. “Come forth, Sister of Satan!!” he bellows.
"Surprise! Happy Birthday to you! Happy Birthday to you!"
Screeching like a Turkish sailor who just paid good money to have a prostitute in high heels to stomp on his sack, the witch flies out of the cave in a rage. Her face looks like she began using boric acid as a pimple cleanser and didn’t know when to stop. Her hair could only be described as “kind”… the kind that grows on a goat’s ass. Wearing only a black dress and a bloody bone around her neck to accessorize, she strikes a fitting image for a bride of Satan.
She bites and claws, but quickly the villagers have her subdued. These folks really know how to show a witch a good time! Off to the lake they go, whereupon we are greeted by the sight of what I thought at first was a witch catapult. This movie would have vaulted into a hallowed 3+ Thumbs territory if they had loaded the witch into a catapult and launched her, screeching, out into the lake. Sadly, it turns out this was simply a dunking stool, or “ducking stool”, a medieval device designed to dunk people into water, sometimes for minor offenses, but eventually it grew to be used for determining if someone was a witch or not.
The Vicar looks on with excitement as his servants begin Operation Pig-Launch(tm)
Here the villagers refer to it as the Chair of Chastisement, a fitting name given that they already know this lady is a witch and simply wish to dispose of her in as horrible way as they can. The witch is strapped into the chair, and then a giant heated spike is driven in through the back of it, into and through the witch’s body. These villagers know how to go the extra mile! The device is wheeled down to the water’s edge and the witch is then dunked repeatedly, and one must assume she is drowned. However, before they can properly torture her to death, the witch utters the classic “I’ll haunt this place, I’m super serious!” witch-curse. Why no one thought to gag her first isn’t covered.
Suddenly we are back in modern times. A young married couple are driving a VW Beetle through the Transylvanian countryside (also known as somewhere in Italy, where the movie was shot). We have Philip, played by Ian Oglivy, and Veronica, played by Barbara Steele. We learn they are lost, until a policeman comes by on a bicycle and recommends them an inn to stay the night at. They head off in search of the inn.
"Excuse me Miss, but ZANG."
The inn, it turns out, seems to have only one room, and is run by a grotesque fat man who apparently is a Communist. The couple meets up with the drunk old man we saw reading the book at the start of the film. Turns out he’s a Van Helsing, decedent from a long line of Van Helsings who watch over this area, waiting on the witches curse to kick in. Meanwhile he spends his time getting toasted. Soon the couple is ensconced in their room, whereupon they start getting a bit randy.
What’s a perverted fatass of an innkeeper to do but watch? Groper (a fitting name) sneaks around back and watches the festivities. I was hoping here for some glimpse at Steele’s ample mammaries, but unfortunately we only get some cleavage, which really is enough, because, well, zang. Veronica catches him looking and alerts Philip, who rushes outside and repeatedly fucking BASHES Groper’s head into the wall! I thought he was dead, given all the blood, but no he’s ok it seems, waking up a bit later.
"Easy, dear. You might feel a little pressure..."
Groper rips the distributor cap out of the VW, out of revenge I guess, but this doesn’t work out too well, since Philip just barges into his room and gets it back after realizing it’s missing from the car. With that, the couple is on their way. Or so they think! Something, some “force”, takes over the car, and suddenly Philip can’t steer! Narrowly avoiding a lorry, they plunge off into the very lake the witch was drowned in! The truck driver, thinking he has some responsibility for what happened, drags Philip and Veronica out of the lake, but alas poor Veronica has expired!
The driver takes the unconscious Philip and the dead Veronica back to the inn. Groper helps him put the bodies in the kitchen. The driver leaves, fearing police involvement, and Groper sits down to wait on Philip to wake up, bottle of booze in hand. Philip finally comes around, and Groper drunkenly informs him of what went on. Rushing to check on his wife, Philip pulls back the cover they have over her to reveal… someone who isn’t his wife! It’s the witch! Of course, Philip and Groper don’t know this, and are quite perplexed as to what is going on. Luckily Van Helsing shows up. He’s the man with the plan.
"Where's my money, man? Where's my money?!"
Van Helsing whisks Philip away, back to his man-cave. He grabs a wooden totem, which looks quite phallic frankly, and begins reading from another of his books, trying to discern the best way to get rid of the witch. Philip becomes impatient, and runs off, heading back to town. Van Helsing can’t locate Philip, and heads back to the inn himself, wooden dildo in tow. He chants over the witch, bringing her back to life (so that she might be exorcised and killed properly, natch). He quickly regrets this decision, as the witch promptly chokes him into unconsciousness before running off into the forest.
Van Helsing is an erotic asphyxia practitioner.
Meanwhile, Groper is reclining on his soiled bed reading through a naughty book, when sudden a local girl bursts in through the front door. Seems she had been passing by when she heard some suspicious screeching in the woods. Groper, drunk and horny, throws the girl on his bed, ripping her shirt open and attempting to mount her. I could only compare this to an attractive girl being dry humped by a walrus. The girl gets away, fleeing in terror. Groper runs after her, calling for her to come back, when Philip walks up asking Groper to call the police. Startled, Groper swings the bottle he’s carrying before really looking to see whom it is. Philip is down!
Thinking Philip dead, Groper drags him into the middle of the road, where, after narrowly avoiding getting hit by the same lorry driver from before, Van Helsing finds him and pulls him to safety. Meanwhile, back inside the inn, Groper gets what’s coming to him, as the witch returns, sickle in hand, and proceeds to very messily murder Groper. It was about here that I realized the director was taking a different direction with this film. After killing him, the witch tosses the sickle onto the floor, where it comes to rest on a hammer, making the classic Soviet symbol!
Where's Joseph McCarthy when you need him?
The witch runs off, Philip and Van Helsing begin tracking her down. Their search leads to an alley in a small town, where a young boy has snuck out of his house in order to watch a cock fight through a window. The witch attacks, but the guys save the boy from certain death. Injecting the witch with something to knock her unconscious, they take her back to the inn and leave her.
Meanwhile the lorry driver finally turns himself into the police, and upon hearing his story the police chief decides more investigation is in order. Off to the inn they go! They discover the witch’s body, and load her up into a van, and speed off, just as Philip and Van Helsing are returning to finish the job. This sets off another corny set-piece of the movie that had me scratching my head. We get a way over-long chase scene in which the bumbling police drive all over trying to get their van back. The director uses sped-up camera techniques meant to convey speed, and the whole thing plays out like a Benny Hill skit.
Van Helsing also likes a little man-on-man action.
Soon, though, the chase is over. The witch hops out and attacks the cops, who finally corner the van. Distracted, she doesn’t see Van Helsing sneak up and inject her yet again! Quickly they drag her down to the lake, strap her into the dunking stool, and dunk away, submerging her repeatedly. Suddenly, she is no longer on the chair! The guys have a moment of panic until a newly healed Veronica floats up out of the water!
"I think I broke a nail..."
Philip wades out and drags her to shore. She’s groggy and wet, but appears unharmed. We cut to later as Van Helsing admits there’s no longer a reason to stay in this country. He decides to accompany Philip and Veronica as they head back to England. All three pile into the VW and head out. Philip says he can’t wait to put Transylvania behind him, and Veronica says “Oh… I’ll be back.” Dum-dum-DUUUUUM goes the music! Quick cut to a close-up of Veronica’s face. She gives a sly smile, and repeats the line:
“I’ll be back.”
Overall, I enjoyed this movie. Did it blow me away? Heavens no! It came across as exactly what it was: A cheap movie with a cast of about 10 people made for as little as possible. However, it was terribly enjoyable. I loved the humor sprinkled throughout, especially the sickle and hammer shot. How could I not chuckle at that? The Benny Hill car chase was a bit much since it went on for so long, but overall it was evident the director, and all involved even, really tried to put their best foot forward and make a good movie with what they had.
In researching this film, it seems Barbara did this movie simply as a side project that she got paid $5000 to do over a 3 day period. Reeves, very young at 22, started crafting his techniques that would become more famous with his epic film Witchfinder General (also one of my favorite bands!) The film stock presented on this new DVD is the original Technoscope 35mm print, and overall it looks fairly descent. There were a lot of noticeable scratches, dust, and at one point what appeared to be a bubble creeping across a few frames, so it is evident that not a lot of restoration went into the final cut. I wish it had had some more care but at least it is watchable and in the correct aspect ratio.
In the end, I would have to give this film 2 Thumbs, mainly because we get to gaze upon Barbara Steele quite a bit, and also for the corny humor that I had to laugh at despite myself. With only one good scene of violence, when Groper gets sickled, there isn’t much gore to speak of, except for a few close-ups of the witch’s visage, oozing blood and such. The music also deserves special mention, I felt Ralph Ferraro’s score was fitting.
My friends, if you find yourself wanting some good witch-dunking entertainment, you could do a lot worse than The She-Beast.
Al Bruno III said...
Not only did this posting bring to my attention a film I had never heard of before it was also funny as Hell.
Excellent work.
Ashton Lamont said...
Good stuff sir! was just about to review this myself too!
The Duke of DVD said...
Thanks guys! This really is a gem of a film, if for nothing else than seeing a rapist Communist innkeeper getting sickled to death. I mean, how many films can lay claim to that scene?
Surely no more than a handful.
prof. grewbeard said...
i too would really, really like to see Barbara Steele's um, "hoots" as you put it...
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University of New Hampshire Law Review
[Excerpt] “At the local level, we can tell a lot about a community by how it treats a homeless person suffering from schizophrenia who is begging on the street. One possibility is to look upon that person with the thought that there but for grace go I, that this person is desperately in need of help, and that we—individually and as a community—must respond by giving a helping hand and making sure that the person receives food, shelter, clothing, and care for such a debilitating mental illness. Another possibility is to simply ignore the person, to step around him or her on the way to buying a five-dollar cup of coffee, asking one’s self only: “Why should I help this person? Why should I give any money? Why should I do anything at all?” Another approach—the predominant view in many communities today—is to ask, why isn’t that person in jail? Why hasn’t the person been arrested for violating one of the “quality of life crimes” which many communities have adopted to protect the quality of life of those better off at the expense of those who are worse off? They have accomplished this by criminalizing behavior such as jaywalking, loitering, panhandling, and other conduct that makes it possible for the police to arrest almost anyone to clear the street of people we do not want to see. This is the “broken windows” approach to policing that Rudolph Guiliani used in New York. It uses the criminal law to clear the streets of the homeless, the mentally ill, and other “undesirables.” So there are three possible approaches: compassion, indifference, and hostility. The one adopted by a community tells us a lot about it.”
Repository Citation
Stephen B. Bright, The Death Penalty and the Society We Want, 6 Pierce L. Rev. 369 (2008), available at http://scholars.unh.edu/unh_lr/vol6/iss3/4 | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9528679847717284}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '30265', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:Z3SHUFZF5V4T2ERJLJVO3WSULQV374LI', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:906c225b-af2e-49ff-ba2d-aec0b46daa91>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 9, 22, 2, 50, 29), 'WARC-IP-Address': '72.5.9.197', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:JIQQ5NMEUML5G3NTBIWEEXQVLCNYM2QT', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:d2848614-f996-4e10-9461-2b125425a37e>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://scholars.unh.edu/unh_lr/vol6/iss3/4/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:daaaea08-ab9b-42e7-996a-484007e3edb7>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '306', 'url': 'http://scholars.unh.edu/unh_lr/vol6/iss3/4/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-231-19-134.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-39\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.12002193927764893', 'original_id': 'eb79259f55aa9fd935c8be51c369b8f09e92d9c8724e409f8311c2f9db4171d8'} |
548 So.2d 167 (1989)
Ex parte Cornelius SINGLETON.
(Re Cornelius Singleton v. State of Alabama).
88-453.
Supreme Court of Alabama.
July 21, 1989.
Matthew McDonald of Miller, Hamilton, Snyder & Odum, Mobile, and Stephen H. Glickman and Blair G. Brown of Zuckerman, Spaeder, Goldstein, Taylor & Kolker, Washington, D.C., for petitioner.
Don Siegelman, Atty. Gen., and Ed Carnes and Sandra J. Stewart, Asst. Attys. Gen., for respondent.
JONES, Justice.
We granted the petitioner's request for review of the Court of Criminal Appeals' "no opinion" affirmance of the trial court's denial of the petitioner's third post-conviction petition pursuant to Rule 20, Temp.R.Crim.P. We affirm.
Cornelius Singleton was convicted for the robbery and murder of a Catholic nun in a Mobile cemetery and was sentenced to *168 death. Singleton's first conviction was reversed on the authority of Beck v. Alabama, 447 U.S. 625, 100 S.Ct. 2382, 65 L.Ed.2d 392 (1980), on remand, 396 So.2d 645 (Ala.1981); and Ritter v. State, 403 So.2d 154 (Ala.1981), on remand, 403 So.2d 158 (Ala.1981); however, on remand, Singleton was again convicted and sentenced to death according to the Beck guidelines set out at 396 So.2d 645. The original sentencing order in Singleton's second trial was withdrawn and replaced with an order that erroneously stated that Singleton had committed the instant offense while under a sentence of imprisonment.
Singleton's second conviction was upheld by the Court of Criminal Appeals, but that court ordered a new sentencing hearing. At the new sentencing hearing, the State conceded the error regarding Singleton's being under a sentence of imprisonment at the time this crime was committed. The trial court then entered a "Second Amended Sentencing Order" in which it weighed the aggravating and mitigating circumstances and then sentenced Singleton to death. This sentence was affirmed by the Court of Criminal Appeals, and the conviction and sentence were affirmed by this Court in Ex parte Singleton, 465 So.2d 443 (Ala.1985). The "Second Amended Sentencing Order" read, in part, as follows:
"FACTS CONCERNING THE CRIME
"On the afternoon of November 12, 1977, Sister Ann Hogan, a fifty-one-year-old nun, walked to the Catholic Cemetery on Stone Street in Mobile, Alabama. November is All Souls month, and Sister Ann went to the cemetery to pray for the dead. While there and while praying for the dead, Sister Ann was approached by the defendant, Cornelius Singleton. After talking with [Singleton], Sister Ann told him she would pray for him. Sometime after Sister Ann told him that, the defendant robbed her and murdered her. He stole her watch from her and took it to his grandparents' house from which it was eventually recovered.
"During the course of the crime, Sister Ann's panty hose was ripped, and her glasses, keys, and other personal items were scattered about the cemetery. Her neck, throat, head, and one of her legs were injured in the attack. After subduing the nun, who was only five feet four inches tall, the defendant tied her hands and legs together with her shoelaces and with strips torn from a towel. He also gagged her with a towel so that she could not scream for help. After dragging Sister Ann from the cemetery to a wooded area, the defendant buried her face down under a pile of rocks, bricks, a log or tree trunk, and other debris. She died from suffocation, which was caused or contributed to by the towel [Singleton] had knotted around her neck and stuffed into her mouth.
"AGGRAVATING CIRCUMSTANCES FINDINGS
". . . .
"The capital offense was especially heinous, atrocious, or cruel compared to other capital offenses. While all capital offenses are heinous, atrocious, or cruel to some extent, this one was especially so. It involved the unprovoked and brutul murder of a nun who was in a cemetery praying for the dead. [Singleton] robbed and murdered her after she had told him she would pray for him. Death was not instantaneous, but on the contrary Sister Ann was terrorized and subjected to pain before she died. Furthermore, although this finding is not necessary to the conclusion, the evidence convinces the court that Sister Ann was buried alive, being suffocated by the towel only after she was bound hand and foot and buried face down under debris. This capital offense stands out among the common run of capital offenses as one that is outrageously and extremely wicked, vile, and shockingly evil. Accordingly, the § 13-11-6(8) aggravating circumstance does exist.
"In summary, the court finds beyond a reasonable doubt and to a moral certainty that the § 13-11-6(4) [offense committed during the commission of a robbery] *169 and § 13-11-6(8) aggravating circumstances exist in this case."
As quoted in Singleton v. State, 465 So.2d 432, 441-42 (Ala.Crim.App.1984), aff'd, Ex parte Singleton, 465 So.2d 443 (Ala.1985).
The petition here under review is the result of the denial of Singleton's third coram nobis petition to the Mobile Circuit Court, following the imposition of the death sentence. Singleton's first coram nobis petition, alleging ineffective assistance of counsel, was dismissed on the joint motion of Singleton and the State so that Singleton could file a new petition stating the "ineffective assistance of counsel" ground with more specificity. Singleton's second coram nobis petition, alleging ineffective assistance of counsel, was denied by the circuit court. Singleton's application for permission to file an out-of-time appeal from that order was denied. Singleton's requests for relief through the federal courts were also denied.
Singleton's third coram nobis petition to the Mobile Circuit Court (actually a Rule 20 petition under the Temporary Rules of Criminal Procedure) raised only one issue:
"GROUNDS FOR THE PETITION
"This Petition, while a successive Petition, is being brought on the grounds that subsequent to the filing of the previous Petition the United States Supreme Court has made a specific finding that one of the aggravating circumstances considered against this Petitioner by the trial court entering an imposition of the sentence of death is unconstitutionally void for vagueness due to the fact that it lacks any guidance as to when and under what circumstances said aggravating circumstance should be applied. This aggravating circumstance is that the crime or offense in its perpetration was `especially heinous, atrocious, or cruel.'"
The State moved to dismiss Singleton's petition as a procedurally barred successive petition. The circuit court dismissed the petition and issued a memorandum opinion, holding, in part, as follows:
"This order involves the latest coram nobis (Rule 20) petition Singleton has filed in [the circuit] court. This latest petition is Singleton's third coram nobis or Rule 20 petition. It raises a single ground for relief, and that ground is the United States Supreme Court's decision in Maynard v. Cartwright, [486 U.S. 356, 108 S.Ct. 1853, 100 L.Ed.2d 372, (1988)], which Singleton contends invalidates the Code of Alabama 1975, § 13-11-6(8), aggravating circumstance that the capital offense was `especially heinous, atrocious or cruel.' That was one of two aggravating circumstances which were found and considered by [the circuit] court in sentencing Singleton to death on September 21, 1983.
".... [O]n direct appeal, and in his two previous coram nobis (Rule 20) petitions, Singleton did not challenge ... the constitutionality of the § 13-11-6(8) aggravating circumstance, nor did he contend that it was not applicable to his case. In view of that, [the] court holds that Singleton's latest petition and the single ground that it avers is procedurally barred and due to be dismissed with prejudice. There are three reasons why this latest petition and ground of relief are procedurally barred.
"First, the petition and ground for relief are procedurally barred under Temporary Rule of Criminal Procedure 20.2(a)(3), which precludes granting relief on any ground that `could have been but was not raised at trial.' Although Temporary Rule of Criminal Procedure 20 did not become effective until April 1, 1987, the same procedural bar existed under prior case law. See, e.g., Ex parte Rudolph, 276 Ala. 392, 162 So.2d 486, cert. denied, 377 U.S. 919 [84 S.Ct. 1185, 12 L.Ed.2d 188] (1964); and Summers v. State, 366 So.2d 336 (Ala.Cr.App.1978), cert. denied, 366 So.2d 346 (Ala.1979). Therefore, the sole ground of relief in this petition is precluded under Rule 20.2(a)(3) and its case law predecessors.
"Secondly, the petition and the single ground of relief it contains is procedurally barred under Temporary Rule of Criminal Procedure 20.2(a)(5), because it is a ground that `could have been but was not raised on appeal.' While Rule 20.2(a)(5) *170 did not become effective until April 1, 1987, the same procedural bar existed under earlier case law which was in effect at the time of Singleton's appeal. See, e.g., Ex parte Ellison, 410 So.2d 130 (Ala.1982); Thigpen v. State, 374 So.2d 301 [401] (Ala.Cr.App.), cert. denied, 374 So.2d 406 (Ala.1979); and Summers v. State, 366 So.2d 346 (Ala.1979). Therefore, Singleton's latest petition and ground for relief is procedurally barred under Rule 20.2(a)(5) and its case law predecessors.
"Third, the petition and ground of relief are procedurally barred under the successive petition rule of Temporary Rule of Criminal Procedure 20.2(b) which provides that `[a] second or successive petition on different grounds shall be denied unless the petitioner shows both that good cause exists why the new ground or grounds were not known or could not have been ascertained through reasonable diligence when the first petition was heard, and that failure to entertain the petition will result in a miscarriage of justice.' While Rule 20.2(b) did not go into effect until April 1, 1987, that rule is based upon case law which was in existence at the time of Singleton's 1986 coram nobis petition. See, e.g., McLeod v. State, 415 So.2d 1232, 1233 (Ala.Cr.App.1982). [Singleton] has not shown or offered to show that good cause exists why his contention that the § 13-11-6(8) aggravating circumstance is unconstitutional was not known to him and could not have been ascertained through reasonable diligence when his previous coram nobis petition was filed in May of 1986 and denied in December of 1986. Nor has petitioner shown or attempted to show that failure to entertain this successive petition will result in a miscarriage of justice.
"The fact that [Singleton's] sole ground for relief in this latest coram nobis (Rule 20) petition cites or relies upon Maynard v. Cartwright, [486 U.S. 356, 108 S.Ct. 1853, 100 L.Ed.2d 372 (1988)], does not mean that any of the three procedural bars discussed previously do not apply. The Supreme Court made it clear in Cartwright that the decision in that case was based upon the earlier decision of Godfrey v. Georgia, 446 U.S. 420 [100 S.Ct. 1759, 64 L.Ed.2d 398] (1980). The Supreme Court described its 1980 decision in Godfrey as `very relevant here,' and concluded that `the Court of Appeals was quite right in holding that Godfrey controls this case.' Thus, the very recent decision in Cartwright, which Singleton relies upon as a new basis for relief, was itself based upon an eight-year-old decision which controlled the result. It is true that the Cartwright decision was not available to Singleton at the time of his retrial and resentencing in November and December of 1981, in his subsequent direct appeal, or in his first two coram nobis proceedings. However, it is equally true that the 1980 decision in Godfrey, which the Supreme Court itself held to be controlling in Cartwright, was available to Singleton at his retrial and sentencing, on direct appeal, and at the time of both of his previous coram nobis petitions. Therefore, the ground of relief which he has put forward is not truly a `new ground' nor is it a ground which he could not have known or ascertained through reasonable diligence at the time of his retrial and resentencing, his direct appeal, and his first two coram nobis petitions.
"While the court finds that this latest coram nobis (Rule 20) petition is procedurally barred and the court does not intend to address the merits of the ground for relief that it avers, the court does note that the jury was not permited to consider the § 13-11-6(8) aggravating circumstance of `especially heinous, atrocious or cruel.' Therefore, there could not conceivably have been any error at the advisory jury sentence stage and thus no `miscarriage of justice' within the meaning of Rule 20.2(b).
"Furthermore, ... at the time [the circuit court] entered its September 21, 1983, resentencing order when the case was on remand from the appellate courts, the court had abundant and clear guidance from the appellate courts concerning *171 the interpretation and proper application of the § 13-11-6(8) aggravating circumstance. The very first Alabama appellate court decision under the 1975 capital punishment statute, which is the one applicable to Singleton, was Jacobs v. State, 361 So.2d 607, 633 (Ala.Cr.App.1977), aff'd, 361 So.2d 640 (Ala.1978), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1122 [99 S.Ct. 1034, 59 L.Ed.2d 83] (1979). In its Jacobs opinion, 361 So.2d at 633, the Alabama Court of Criminal Appeals expressly adopted the same limiting construction placed upon the `especially heinous, atrocious or cruel' aggravating circumstance that the Florida Supreme Court had adopted in State v. Dixon, 283 So.2d 1 (Fla.1973), cert. denied sub nom. Hunter v. Florida, 416 U.S. 943 [94 S.Ct. 1950, 40 L.Ed.2d 295] (1974). That construction of the aggravating circumstance language, which provided guidance to [the circuit court] when it sentenced Singleton in 1983, has been upheld as constitutionally valid and sufficient by the United States Supreme Court. Proffitt v. Florida, 428 U.S. 242, 255-56 [96 S.Ct. 2960, 2968, 49 L.Ed.2d 913] (1976). (`We cannot say that the provision, as so construed, provides inadequate guidance to those charged with the duty of recommending or imposing sentences in capital cases.') At the time its 1983 sentence order was entered, the court also had the benefit of the Alabama Supreme Court's additional guidance concerning this aggravating circumstance in Ex parte Kyzer, 399 So.2d 330, 333-34 (Ala.1981). As the 1983 sentence order indicates, the court followed the Jacobs and Kyzer guidance concerning the aggravating circumstance's limited construction and application. See Singleton v. State, 465 So.2d 432, 441-42 (Ala.Cr.App.1983). Thus, there can be no basis for any `miscarriage of justice' exception under Rule 20.2(b)."
The Court of Criminal Appeals affirmed, without opinion, the denial of the third coram nobis petition. After careful review of each of the cases cited in the trial court's memorandum opinion and a review of the briefs and oral arguments of counsel for the parties, we adopt the above-quoted portion of the court's memorandum opinion as the opinion of this Court. Thus, we affirm the Court of Criminal Appeals' affirmance of the trial court's judgment dismissing Singleton's Rule 20 petition as procedurally barred.
AFFIRMED.
HORNSBY, C.J., and MADDOX, SHORES, ADAMS, HOUSTON, STEAGALL and KENNEDY, JJ., concur.
| mini_pile | {'original_id': 'e95cd505e492287eddef560c0ae7ebae27868729fe097027bd66b8dfe73e9e56'} |
Just how flexible are you?
You’re sitting as a passenger in an airplane during flight. You’re in a window seat, near the wing of the airplane. Predictably tucked in the pocket in front of you is the in-flight magazine, crash safety protocol and a puke bag. Nothing new to see here.
Bored, you glance out the window and notice the wing. Clouds flitter by at an alarming speed. Comforting because it means we’re still moving along at full speed. But as you look closer you begin to notice something. You notice the wing moving around, a little more than it should in your opinion. You follow it up to where it connects to the airplane. It seems to be jiggling around, as if the screws are loose. You start getting nervous, “Whose job was it to bolt that sucker to the side of the plane?” The more you look at it, the more you are certain the wing is going to fly off any minute now. Your eye finds the tip and you gasp as it waves up and down, several INCHES.
You want to nudge the stranger next to you, “Shouldn’t someone let the captain know?!”
Actually, engineers test the airplane wings to see how far they stretch them before they break and they actually do they push them up and they all the way to the point where they actually snap. The distance? Twenty five feet or more, according to Popular Mechanics. Smart people with MBAs and PhDs push the wing all the way up to 150 percent of the amount of turbulence the airplane wing can take during the worst storm Mother Nature can dish out. In other words, they’re planning for the very worst…and then some.
Those wings may look like they’re about to fall off but they will take all kinds of crazy. And keep sailing right through it all.
It’s not a new concept. When there’s an earthquake, buildings, bridges and homes are built to roll with the punches. They take a certain amount of stress, and keep standing tall.
More importantly, YOU are designed this way. Even though you couldn’t even touch your toes in gym class, your spirit is extremely flexible, built to endure.
You might look or feel like the very bolts holding you together are bouncing around like Mexican Jumping Beans. Maybe you look around and see everyone rocking it while you’re bobbling along barely holding on to some semblance of a decent “outer shell.”
God built you to withstand much greater adversity than you know. I’ve seen it again and again. The human spirit defying all logic. Miracles. People just like you who didn’t know they had it in them until they have been stressed and tested by a huge storm. And while the ride might be bumpy and your tummy starts feeling like a freaking butterfly exhibit, God built you to last. Being flexible is in your spiritual DNA.
So if you’re going through some turbulence, and I’m not able to be there in person to help pull you out of it, take some comfort from my post. Know that everyone goes through it. I’ve never met a person who made it to the top without a struggle. And typically, the greater the vision, the greater the struggle required to achieve it.
But knowing everyone goes through it doesn’t make it any easier, right?
So use this instead: rather than being furious, be curious. In other words, don’t react to your challenges with emotion (anger, rage, sadness, etc.). Instead, fill your soul with a childlike curiosity that will lead you to answers. Doing so takes the focus off of your bummer situation and on to learning from it. Because nobody can control the challenges that come our way, but we can control how we respond to them.
Listen to me, I’m starting to sound like my dad. Maybe that’s a good thing…he was pretty flexible. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9537531137466432}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '40095', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:P4RYK42JKYWL66YDAUXVS33RZ3PS3ASU', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:b31f265f-37ca-42f0-8766-090a06296403>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 8, 18, 21, 44, 6), 'WARC-IP-Address': '37.60.247.208', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:KR2SHJEFLX2RTBVGM7OIW4ERSDBOR6NO', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:908f5096-5656-447b-af7b-b974c02ddcc3>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://3x5goals.com/2017/11/28/youre-flexible-airplane/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:6d3ab7bb-cf8f-4593-8636-fc1d65317ea8>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '653', 'url': 'https://3x5goals.com/2017/11/28/youre-flexible-airplane/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-34\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for August 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-43-195-133.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.10815036296844482', 'original_id': '04297e9783a16fa9cabae97de08931b6857f6e3d5f6d34aad3d27b12db03d32c'} |
Isolation of a 70 000 molecular weight antigen of the Novikoff hepatoma.
Previous reports from this laboratory have indicated that a number of cytosol and nuclear proteins of Novikoff hepatoma cells were immunologically related [Yeoman, L. C., Jordan, J. J., Busch, R. K., Taylor, C. W., Savage, H., & Busch, H. (1976) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 73, 3258; Busch, R. K., & Busch, H. (1977) Tumori 63, 347]. In preparation for analysis of their structure and function, studies were undertaken to purify nuclear antigen 2 from the cytosol of Novikoff hepatoma cells in high yield and purity. It was shown on Ouchterlony gels that cytosol nuclear antigen 2 formed a single immunoprecipitin band of identity with one of the bands extracted from Novikoff nuclear chromatin. In this study, a 70 000 molecular weight antigen was isolated from the cytosol of Novikoff hepatoma cells by ammonium sulfate fractionation, ion-exchange chromatography, and isoelectric focusing in a granulated gel bed. This protein which focused at a pI of 6.3 was labeled with 125I-labeled Bolton-Hunter reagent and purified on an Ultrogel AcA-44 column. As shown by electrophoresis on NaDodSO4-polyacrylamide gels, the antigen in the excluded volume migrated as a single protein with a molecular weight of 70 000. The overall purification over the starting material was 2890-fold. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '74db5438926bb50dd09dcd5f57de3746105e009eb8f0f40bb9a29a707f589f69'} |
Neuroscience in Education
Carola Esquivel
Flashcards by Carola Esquivel, updated 6 months ago
How neuroscience affect the learning process
Resource summary
Question Answer
"Neuroscience in Education" How neuroscience works and helps the learning process Brain 2750453 340 (binary/octet-stream) There is clearly a huge interest among teachers about the brain and how it works and how knowledge of how the brain works can affect teaching. One of the problems that has been identified is that teachers don’t have good up-to-date information about new discoveries and how this relates to teaching.
Brain Development Baby (binary/octet-stream) The early childhood years are a period of rapid change in the brain. During early and middle childhood, the brain forms and refines a complex network of connections in the brain.
Neuroimaging Neuroimaging Slideshow 2 (binary/octet-stream) Neuroimaging Is the process of producing images of the structure or activity of the brain or other part of the nervous system by techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging or computerized tomography. Research on developmental disorders using this technology also guides educators and other professionals in helping those with a number of learning, social, and emotional disorders.
Neuroscience and Language Language Png 769731 (binary/octet-stream) An important feature of Brain and Language has always been its strong interdisciplinary and theoretical emphasis, at the crossroads of neuroscience, linguistics, and experimental psychology. There are several goals for this restructuring. However, there is no intent to change the interdisciplinary focus, the methodological approaches of submitted research, or the topical emphasis on the interactions among brain, behavior, and language.
Neuroscience and reading Boy+Reading (binary/octet-stream) The angular and supramarginal gyrus serve as a "reading integrator" a conductor of sorts, linking the different parts of the brain together to execute the action of reading. These areas of the brain connect the letters c, a, and t to the word cat that we can then read aloud.
Neuroscience and Mathematics Maths Hd Png Mathematics Icon Png 270 (binary/octet-stream) While the aim of neuroscience is not to provide immediate suggestions for classroom practice, neuroscience might help in better understanding the cognitive mechanisms that underlie mathematical problem solving.
Sleep and Cognition Sleeping Man 3404668 960 720 (binary/octet-stream) Developments in the fields of molecular genetics, behavioural neuroscience, sleep neurobiology, and the cognitive neurosciences have produced converging evidence of a fundamental role for sleep in cognition. Sleep is required for good mental health, and insufficient sleep has negative effects on mood, cognitive performance and motor function.
Emotion and Cognition Emotion (binary/octet-stream) The affective and cognitive systems are thought to work independently, but they influence one another, with the former operating unconsciously while the latter operates at the conscious level. Negative and positive affect have different implications for cognition; negative affect limits thinking, but focuses our attention, while positive affect allows us to think more broadly, which enables creativity and supports problem-solving.
Neuromyths Icon Myth (binary/octet-stream) The three myths given most attention in the OECD report are: 1. The lay belief in hemispheric differences (‘left brain’ versus ‘right brain’ learning etc.), 2. The notion that the brain is only plastic for certain kinds of information during certain ‘critical periods’, and that therefore education in these areas must occur during the critical periods. 3. The idea that the most effective educational interventions need to be timed with periods of synaptogenesis.
Conclusions 1. Neuroscience make contributions to educational research. 2. Neuroscience has a lot of techniques to apply in education. 3. As a teacher, we must study about science improvement in education field, to help students with learning difficulties.
Show full summary Hide full summary
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T Andrews | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '102', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.866069495677948}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '46958', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:OY33HZ56FXI5LIXAQMWKEIL7RHRDTBBI', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:f58fe7ac-782c-4dc9-8bae-58b20ccffbaf>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 11, 22, 18, 15, 42), 'WARC-IP-Address': '52.31.169.21', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:ZXJ6WC7PODKMUIV5VY5XZ52B3VOZMXMH', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:f3f13690-4b03-46a4-bd10-ca31b931d4d8>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.goconqr.com/flashcard/18240048/neuroscience-in-education', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:444ea7a1-4031-4b8e-85f2-830de6c79a3b>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '693', 'url': 'https://www.goconqr.com/flashcard/18240048/neuroscience-in-education', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-47\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-116.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.07805442810058594', 'original_id': 'a504cb5165f9ee4b5591cb26c287bea9805283024964f10b9b02e8a2519883ab'} |
Q:
How can I get more than 20 status's from the LinqToTwitter status?
I'm using this code to read status items from Twitter via LinqToTwitter.
IQueryable<Status> tweets =
twitterCtx.Status.Where(z => z.ScreenName == "HTM_Reisinfo" && z.Type == StatusType.User).Take(100);
But whatever number I pass to Take(), I only get 20.
Can I get more than 20?
A:
The Twitter API does status paging through cursors, which LINQ to Twitter does support. Here's a related post with more explanation:
Return all tweets from my timeline
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '42882cd93b0386a38b4d9bd04811677e9c2914072ff5e2cd378512cb12861553'} |
\section{Separated Subsets of Linearly Ordered Space under Order Topology}
Tags: Linearly Ordered Spaces
\begin{theorem}
Let $T = \struct {S, \preceq, \tau}$ be a linearly ordered space.
Let $A$ and $B$ be separated sets of $T$.
Let $A^*$ and $B^*$ be defined as:
:$A^* := \ds \bigcup \set {\closedint a b: a, b \in A, \closedint a b \cap B^- = \O}$
:$B^* := \ds \bigcup \set {\closedint a b: a, b \in B, \closedint a b \cap A^- = \O}$
where $A^-$ and $B^-$ denote the closure of $A$ and $B$ in $T$.
Then $A^*$ and $B^*$ are themselves separated sets of $T$.
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
From the lemma:
:$A \subseteq A^*$
:$B \subseteq B^*$
:$A^* \cap B^* = \O$
Let $p \notin A^* \cup A^-$.
Thus $p \notin A^*$ and $p \notin A^-$.
Then there exists an open interval $\openint s t$ which is disjoint from $A$ such that $p \in \openint s t$.
Now $\openint s t$ can only intersect $A^*$ only if it intersects some $\closedint a b \subseteq A^*$ where $a, b \in A$.
But we have:
:$\openint s t \cap A = \O$
and as $a, b \in A$ it follows that:
:$\openint s t \subseteq \openint a b$
That means $p \in A^*$.
But we have $p \notin A^*$.
Therefore:
:$\openint s t \cap A^* = \O$
Thus:
:$p \notin \paren {A^*}^-$
Hence:
{{begin-eqn}}
{{eqn | l = \paren {A^*}^-
| o = \subseteq
| r = \paren {A^* \cup A^-} \cap B^*
| c =
}}
{{eqn | r = \paren {A^* \cap B^*} \cup \paren {A^- \cap B^*}
| c =
}}
{{eqn | r = \O
| c =
}}
{{end-eqn}}
Hence the result.
{{explain|Fill in the justification for the above chain of reasoning}}
{{qed}}
\end{proof}
| math_pile | {'subset': 'ProofWiki', 'meta': "{'type': 'Theorem_Proof'}", 'original_id': '0497ba6360b10df5a0d6fa05dbc2c97152890d4dea75e10c407491c2e3c8e87a'} |
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