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Roald Åsmund Bye
Roald Åsmund Bye (7 November 1928 in Malvik – 15 April 2003) was a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.
He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Sør-Trøndelag in 1969, and was re-elected on two occasions. He had previously served as a deputy representative during the terms 1954–1957, 1958–1961, 1961–1965 and 1965–1969.
On the local level he was a member of Malvik municipality council from 1955 to 1967.
Outside politics he worked as a social security bureaucrat.
References
Category:1928 births
Category:2003 deaths
Category:People from Malvik
Category:Members of the Storting
Category:Labour Party (Norway) politicians
Category:Sør-Trøndelag politicians
Category:20th-century Norwegian politicians | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'd9deba401e1afb282e2000d753dfb08c86e5f3f5bd1a54379b4651152dd39b5c'} |
Q:
QUERY_STRING only displays first parameter
I can only access my 1st URL parameter. I think it is because I have ampersands both in my RewriteRule as well as my QUERY_STRING. How can I access each parameter correctly in my PHP script?
I am making a request to
http://example.com/subdir/api/transport/1/car?type=fast&color=blue"
In my .htaccess file I have the following line:
RewriteRule ^(.+)$ index.php?q=%{REQUEST_URI}¶ms=%{QUERY_STRING}&api=$1 [L]
In my PHP, displaying json_encode($_GET) produces:
{"q":"\/subdir\/api\/transport\/1\/car","params":"type=fast","color":"blue","api":"transport\/1\/car"}
You will notice that the "color":"blue" no longer has an equal sign and is not contained within "params".
If I therefore display `json_enocde($_GET['params']) all I get is the following:
"type=fast"
What can I do to acquire the full set of parameters? Is it an issue with my .htaccess or my PHP file?
A:
You don't need to use %{QUERY_STRING} in target by using QSA flag that appends existing query string to target if you're modifying query parameters.
You can just use your rule as:
RewriteRule ^(.+)$ index.php?q=%{REQUEST_URI}&api=$1 [L,QSA]
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '5c200e643318dc9679be221874f5c6d889fe493d9a6d261e11035b5a836ddaa4'} |
Definitions for stipple
Overview of verb stipple
The verb stipple has 4 senses? (no senses from tagged texts)
1. stipple
(engrave by means of dots and flicks)
2. stipple
(make by small short touches that together produce an even or softly graded shadow, as in paint or ink)
3. stipple
(apply (paint) in small dots or strokes)
4. stipple, speckle
(produce a mottled effect; "The sunlight stippled the trees") © 2001-2013, Demand Media, all rights reserved. The database is based on Word Net a lexical database for the English language. see disclaimer
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Why General Petraeus Cheated
Why General Petraeus Cheated [EXPERT]
Add CIA Director General David Petraeus' name to the list of people who have been caught cheating recently. So, what is it that people who cheat are after? Why would these successful, intelligent people risk their marriages, reputations and careers? There are so many questions and a multitude of opinions.
Being a Licensed Mental Health Counselor and Certified Sex Addiction Therapist, I am not surprised by this latest sex scandal involving the 4-star general and CIA director. Ask any marriage counselor you know; they keep their schedules full with couples who are trying to make sense of an affair or someone's sex addiction.* As long as people have affairs, sadly, I and other therapists will have a stable source of income.
The facts being reported by multiple sources about Patraeus are that he has been married for 37 years to Holly and has two adult children. He has had a 37-year career as a government employee and is a war hero. He also admitted to an affair with Paula Broadwell, a married woman with two small children. Patraeus' fall from grace is being reported across the globe displayed for all to see. His story is not unique; it is just public. Both families are likely experiencing the intense and unbearable pain of betrayal.
Given that there are so many people being exposed in sexual scandals recently, let's see what we can learn about this widespread epidemic of unfaithfulness:
1. Why do cheaters cheat? Character flaw or mistake? Based on research and psychological theories, people cheat due to unmet needs of the cheater. These unmet needs can be feelings of being valued, special or appreciated.
Often in marriages, the initial spark loses its flame. The couple then stops investing in their relationship. They exist in their home, focusing on raising their children. Often they don't know how to work on their relationship to make it more satisfying. Continue reading.
*To be clear, I refuse to diagnose people with sexual addiction based on news reports as it is unethical to do so.
Follow me on Twitter.
More cheating advice from YourTango:
Article contributed by
Teresa Maples
Teresa Maples MS, LMHC, CSAT, CMAT
Location: Tacoma, WA
Credentials: CMAT, CSAT, LMHC
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Is He Addicted To Porn? 8 Ways To Help Him
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This article is from the archive of our partner .
It's another episode of Season 6 of Mad Men, and we're back to full-on, no apologies Don Draper-style adultery in "The Collaborators," which brings a soap opera-like focus to the marital infidelities of three couples, and the snaking, deleterious repercussions those infidelities have for a range of others (slowly, surely, Mad Menningly). Plus, there's a side show of Peggy's trials and tribulations as the "mean lady boss" at her agency; we get to see Joan deliver one delightful, cutting remark; and there are scenes from an introduction of the youthful Don Draper/Dick Whitman to the whorehouse he grew up in. A lot of men are pretty awful in this episode, and some of the women are, too. Let's take a peep through the keyhole, shall we?
We begin at a party Pete and Trudy are throwing in their outwardly respectable suburban neighborhood of Greenwich, Connecticut. Pete's flirting with the ladies, talking Hair, and sharing his business card for, clearly, future liaisons. Trudy is doing her own flirting with the men of the neighborhood, who are certainly interested (one is "insistent we all go skinny-dipping," she tells Pete later). We have no reason to suspect that Trudy's not faithful; we are fully aware that Pete isn't. Yet at the skinny-dipping comment, it's Pete who says scornfully that the man should "Get his own pool." The man doth protest.
In Manhattan, Dr. Rosen is leaving for work and Sylvia is asking him for money when Don arrives at their floor in the elevator. Dr. Rosen gets on, and they make some small talk, but when he departs Don takes the opportunity to ride right back upstairs and grab a quickie with Sylvia, whom we learned he's been having an affair with, and for some time, at the end of the season premiere. There's a flashback to young Don/Dick in the whorehouse he was brought to as a child, "Uncle Mac" telling him, "I'm the rooster around here." Don and Sylvia engage in a bit of bed-talk after they have sex. The two couples have planned a dinner party, and Sylvia doesn't understand why this isn't awkward for Don. "You don't mind sitting across the table from your wife and my husband?" she says. "I don't think about it," he says. "They're both good company." Don leaves, giving her some money—he's the rooster around here—and she takes it and smiles.
Peggy's having some work troubles, as we noticed last episode. She's not very, well, nice, and her underlings don't want to come into her office. Her secretary Phyllis tries to give her a bit of advice—be "as encouraging to them as you are to me," and Peggy tries, and pretty much fails. Later, she gets to her desk to find that there's a feminine hygiene product that's been left for her. She assumes it's for a pitch and asks her boss Ted about it, but, no, it's actually that she's being made fun of: "Kills overly critical bacteria," reads the note with the product. Ted laughs and she tries to laugh too, saying, "When you want them to be funny they're useless." I am loving all of Peggy's late-night in-the-office BFF phone calls with Stan, her friend from the other agency, but by the end of this episode it seems clear that he's divulged too much to her (client gossip that's now industry leverage) and she, prompted by Ted, may do the wrong thing and lose that friendship. Ted tells her of Stan, "he's not your friend, he's the enemy. This is how wars are won." All for success, a desire at all costs that may be Peggy's fatal flaw.
As expected, Pete ends up at his Manhattan "bachelor" pad with one of the neighbor women. They sleep together, but she's not as experienced in extra-marital dallying as he is, or refuses to cooperate with the unspoken rules. She thinks it's serious, the start of something. "This place could use a woman's touch," she says. Rooster Pete asks her if she can "move it along a little" as he has to get back to work.
On the client side, there are two ripples at Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce worth noting. Raymond, the Heinz baked beans client, brings in his "buddy" Timmy, who is in charge of ketchup, for a meeting. Don and the team are eager for the business, but it turns out, Raymond won't let them go anywhere near Timmy and ketchup—it was all a little oneupmanship tease. "I'd rather retire than watch that guy screw my girlfriend," he says, charmingly. Don, Mr. Hypocritical, says, "Sometimes you gotta dance with the one that brought you," after Ken suggests they go after ketchup anyway. Later, Herb, Jaguar Herb, wants more local ads in the Jaguar campaign; Don does not want this, not in the slightest. Best line of the show goes to Joan when Herb appears in her office and says, "I know there's a part of you that's glad to see me." She retorts, without missing a beat, "and I know there's a part of you you haven't seen in years," then stonily makes herself a drink in Don's office. It's not forgotten that she was prostituted out to this guy by a bunch of roosters.
And then there's the Megan-Don-Sylvia storyline. We see Megan in the laundry room, criticizing the maid, who ruins something each day Megan leaves for work (to have it all or not to have it all while working on To Have and To Hold?). Megan, who seems newly innocent in this episode, fires the maid, then bursts into tears, and Sylvia, who'd happened to come into the laundry room during the interchange, tries to comfort her. They go back to the Draper's apartment where Megan begins to entertain Sylvia with her soap opera storyline; then she confesses she recently had a miscarriage, which Sylvia assumes is also part of the soap. It's not. Catholic Megan feels guilty because she's not sure she wanted this baby, guilty because she's thrilled with successes that don't have to do with being a wife or mother. "To be pregnant now, at this moment," she says, referring to her career which is just getting off the ground, "I was so relieved that I didn’t have to do anything." Sylvia tells her that though she can understand some of what she's feeling, having had a miscarriage as well, she wouldn't have felt the same way—whether she's lying in this instance or not, she's lying already, and she cannot bring herself to be kind to her lover's wife. She's got her own soap opera she's living. "I just feel so shitty," says Megan. Don comes home and the secrets among the three of them are palpable.
The next night when Don comes home Megan's there in her nightgown and tells him she can't make the dinner. It's too late to cancel, so he goes anyway. As a soap would have it, Dr. Rosen is called from the dinner, and it's just Don and Sylvia. Sylvia had thought that Don and Megan were "drifting apart," and confronted with the knowledge of the miscarriage, she's not going to play the happy date role he expects of her. It hardly matters. Don gets his way, telling her he understands now: "You want to feel shitty, right up to the point where I take your dress off. Because I'm going to do that." And he does. After dinner they're back in the maid's room (more flashbacks and forwards here), where she says, "I'm sorry. I have no right to be jealous," and warns him (and herself) that they can't fall in love. The lady doth protest...
When Don arrives home Megan tells him about her miscarriage, and they have an elliptical, confusing conversation about how she should have told, but she didn't tell, because she didn't know if they were ready to talk about this, this being having children. "You have to know I'd want what you want," he says. "I should have told you," she says. "Yes, you should have," he responds. She hugs him. "Now I can go to sleep," she says, somehow soothed like a child, though absolutely nothing is better.
The woman Pete slept with arrives at their door, screaming for help; she's been beaten by her husband and has a bloody face. Outside, the neighbor shouts, "She's your problem now." Everyone knows, and remarkably, this woman with the brutalized face still wants Pete (perhaps because she thinks she must want someone), but it's capable Trudy who takes care of her and drives her to a nearby hotel and, yes, knows everything too. In the morning, pleasant Trudy is no longer pleasant. "All I wanted was for you to be discreet," she tells Pete, fury brimming over. She'd known the whole time. "I let you have that apartment, somehow I thought there was some dignity in granting permission." And now he's crossed the line. "There's no way for me not to be an object of pity while you get to do whatever you feel like," she says, the most powerful we've seen her (and possibly any woman on this show?) as she tells him it's over. "I refuse to be a failure. I'm drawing a 50 mile radius around this house and if you so much as open your fly to urinate I will destroy you. Do you understand?" He tells her she'll go to bed alone and realize she doesn't know anything. She says she'll live with that. I hope she will.
Don gets what he wants in the end with Herb, the Jaguar campaign staying national, but of course angers Pete (and also Herb) in winning. And has he won? He's growing more and more careless. At the end of the episode he shows up at Sylvia's door when the doctor is home and tells her he'll see her in the morning. This scene is bookended with the young Don/Dick staring through a keyhole as his stepmother has sex with Uncle Mac. Back at the agency there's Pete, alone again, asking the sycophantic Bob Benson to buy him toilet paper, because "My wife asked me and I forgot," he says. Bob is eager to help out.
In the end, like Pete, Don can't even go home. He arrives outside of his door, stands, and then crumples to the floor, where he sits. And just as he can't muster the energy to go inside, I can't really muster the energy to feel sorry for him.
This article is from the archive of our partner The Wire.
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1. Wind?
If you are recieiving this, it is because you nominated someone in season 8 of Pokemon Big Brother. Where would you like to see the series go? I have the story planned out to the end of Story 3. Should there be a hiatus after Story 2, Story 3 or should we continue but just not do any story and have the seasons after have no story?
I would personally prefer going until Story 3 and then dropping the story for while, maybe forever. I am just doing to gather the thoughts of all who would like to give me there opinion. I can not improve PBB if you do not answer. It doesn't have to be a long answer, just an answer.
2. fongerman
I did. Thanks. ALso updated the first post
3. Monster Guy
Monster Guy
From what I've heard dolls tend to come late overseas. They're also apparently more expensive there too,
I have several Apples and Ravens. ^^; I told myself I wouldn't buy multiples of the same character, but that went out the window. My favorite EAH doll has to be Royally Ever After Apple. My favorite characters are Maddie, Duchess, and Daring. I didn't care for Duchess at first, but she's grown on me.
The Epic Winter dolls are alright. They cut some accessories, and of course molded on tights, but I like the faces. I'm waiting for them to go on sale before I get more of them. I don't like what they did to Daring's doll because...
MOLDED PLASTIC LEGS! The poor guy can't bend his legs either. :(
I feel the same. :)
You should. It's on Netflix if you have it.
4. Nothingjustgo.
How dare you capitalise my consonants.
5. Monster Guy
Monster Guy
I lost count of how many EAH dolls I have. xD
I got into EAH because I like Once Upon a Time, and Apple reminded me of Emma. (Blonde daughter of Snow White) I stayed for the story and pretty dolls. I didn't care about MH at first because it was just teenage high school drama, but the characters happened to be monsters, while EAH had an actual story. Then I watched the webisodes because I had seen all the EAH ones, and collected some pre reboot dolls (Draculaura, River Styxx, Luna Mothews)
I like the reboot personally, but I came into Monster High late, so maybe that's why I'm not as concerned about the reboot as others. I think the new faces are adorable. <3 (And I've bought the new Frankie, Draculaura, and Ari)
I still haven't seen Epic Winter yet, even though I have plenty of opportunity to do so, and I don't like what they did with the Daring doll. :/
6. Monster Guy
Monster Guy
I like EAH more, but I do have Monster High dolls in my collection.
7. octoboy
In the hospital game, are we meant to post questions for patients in the thread, or in private to you?
8. Wind?
You can have a priority nomination if you would like. This ensures that you will not miss sign ups for season 7 no matter what.
9. Wind?
I am sending this to you because you have nominated in "Pokemon Big Brother" before. Season 6 nominations are now open. If you would like to not be informed of this in the future, please let me know.
But, feel free to nominate if you would like! This is a new season with a brand new story!
10. Superteletubbies64
Not good...
R.I.P. You're banned...
11. TrottingMinccino
Thank you much!
12. HM02gon
I am really bored so I'm posing something on your profile.
13. destroyer39
Okay then.. There should be time for me to do some things...
14. destroyer39
Okay... So when are you and Ib planning on starting the next main quest or whatever?
15. destroyer39
Let me tell you my vague plan for this plot I'm developing.
The foretold citizen is Nigel. It all depends on his decision to get stronger and braver. Tris may or may not lead the fight. Ray will probably train him, while Tris prepares the other brave Pokemon for the battle. Please tell me what you think and if you would like, discuss it with Infernobat.
16. destroyer39
17. destroyer39
Nope! It's perfectly fine with me. ...do you think the precious stones are a bit much?
18. destroyer39
Okay. Now Mara just needs to give Tris directions. ^^
19. Superteletubbies64
does the food and drinks you can buy at the golden oran and sunny's bakery heal your pokemon
20. destroyer39
Ah, okay then. So what would it cost for a weapon (combat weapon) to be sharpened at the smithy?
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• About
Pokemon Contest Idol
Favourite Pokémon:
I'm a fairly casual pokemon fan who has been playing the games for a long time! My favourite type is fairy type. If you ever want my friend code, just ask. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '104', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.951473832130432}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '57562', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:NGVMNVSBCVRVSYZHU7LABADGWIBHZPIY', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:90933a35-0935-4d0b-a8c2-34d2eb2c281c>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 11, 14, 11, 5, 3), 'WARC-IP-Address': '50.31.26.156', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:TE6XJYW45JWU7377ITAJPDTQKH76VKS2', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:ff793b2c-171d-44d1-bff9-c1f12675d585>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://forums.serebii.net/members/pokemon-special.104763/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:d40c3f6f-f529-47fe-8231-1271e98d5159>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1002', 'url': 'https://forums.serebii.net/members/pokemon-special.104763/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-47\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-14.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.019310832023620605', 'original_id': 'e3c4624016a4acf7c637004a11c080bfc8dffb7d151a2e5cd95350604193f70b'} |
Carlos Garrido
Carlos Alberto Garrido Opazo (born January 6, 1977 in Talca, Chile) is a retired Chilean footballer.
Garido became captain at the beginning of 2008 when teammate Carlos Villanueva refused to the post because of a dispute he had with the team's administration. He began his career playing for his hometown team Rangers in 1997. In 2001, he moved to Universidad de Chile before returning to Rangers for a season. In 2006, he moved to Audax Italiano where he has been a regular with the first team. In total, he has more than 200 games in the Primera División of Chile.
References
Category:1977 births
Category:Living people
Category:Chilean footballers
Category:Universidad de Chile footballers
Category:Rangers de Talca footballers
Category:Audax Italiano footballers
Category:People from Talca
Category:Association football defenders | mini_pile | {'original_id': '9879444af52a4b563e8b3e8278ad6255431730ccefe414ee491581cd1fe2e236'} |
Belfast & Northern Ireland
NI Facts & Figures
Population: 1.81 million (2011 Census)
Area: 13,843 km2 c.175km wide and 135km high.
Border: 360km (with the Republic of Ireland)
Counties (in order of population): Antrim, Down, Londonderry, Tyrone, Armagh, Fermanagh. Northern Ireland's six counties fall within the ancient Irish Province of Ulster which also includes neighbouring RoI Counties Cavan, Monaghan and Donegal.
Councils: 11
Capital city: Belfast (pop. 267,500)
Other cities (in order of population): Derry (83,652), Lisburn (71,465), Newry (27,430), Armagh (14,590)
Largest town: Bangor (2001 pop. 76,403)
Inhabited Islands: Rathlin (2001 pop. 75)
Highest point: Slieve Donard, Mourne Mountains (852m - pic)
Largest lake (landlocked): Lough Neagh (392 km² - also largest in the British Isles)
Largest inlet: Strangford Lough (150 km² - also largest in the British Isles)
Longest river: River Bann (129km)
Government: Part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (also comprising England, Scotland and Wales). Prime Minister David Cameron (Conservative). Secretary of Sate Theresa Villiers MP (head of the Northern Ireland Office). There are 18 NI MPs. Due to their opposition of NI's inclusion in the UK (and Parliament's oath of allegiance to the Queen), Sinn Fein's four MPs do not take their seats at Westminster.
Northern Ireland Assembly: (devolved power-sharing government with specific powers including health, education, environment and local economy). 108 Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs). First Minister Peter Robinson MLA MP (Democratic Unionist Party). Deputy First Minister Martin McGuinness MP (Sinn Fein).
Political Parties (top six in order of Assembly's public vote): Democratic Unionist Party (Unionist), Sinn Fein (Nationalist), Ulster Unionist (Unionist), Social Democratic and Labour Party (Nationalist), Alliance, Traditional Unionist Voice (Unionist).
Currency: £Sterling
Languages: English (predominant), Irish Gaelic, Ulster-Scots (dialect variant of the English language originating in Scotland).
Put our app in your pocket
City Essentials
Download our new City Essentials app
download 4.5 | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '1', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8672968745231628}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '32468', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:56FTV4C62MPMGJIB7NAVCMYB3SFB53KL', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:bc9d4e5c-d6a1-4dee-bd43-04fa78c3b63b>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 10, 17, 1, 31, 12), 'WARC-IP-Address': '54.93.92.53', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:2HXWTXBAXR7OGRCCLXWPQU74ZEQ7QZ2D', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:6d1d0d25-b05f-42fc-9ac3-c8d71b94c1b8>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://test-beta.inyourpocket.com/belfast/NI-Facts-and-Figures', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:f323e8dd-b21a-4ef1-b1b4-5c92628222f0>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '285', 'url': 'http://test-beta.inyourpocket.com/belfast/NI-Facts-and-Figures', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-43\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for October 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-69-127-157.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.09560328722000122', 'original_id': '54a84ba75ccd2d485fd5758f455c0f255487b554a93a7622e886329ba9cb8255'} |
{% extends "page.html" %}
{% block content %}
<div class="column span-10 prepend-7 prepend-top">
<form method="POST" action="">
<fieldset>
<legend>Send a suggestion</legend>
{{ form.as_p }}
<p><input type="submit" class="submit button positive" value="Send" /></p>
</fieldset>
</form>
</div>
{% endblock %}
| the_stack | {'hexsha': '514516efe3e1cff353fcf040956e0019a5b9c903', 'size': '307', 'ext': 'html', 'lang': 'HTML', 'max_stars_repo_path': 'templates/suggestion_new.html', 'max_stars_repo_name': 'ibz/travelist', 'max_stars_repo_head_hexsha': '45b90ab01ad1fe2d37d5e70b20c2f46dd8d8caa9', 'max_stars_repo_licenses': "['MIT']", 'max_stars_count': '', 'max_stars_repo_stars_event_min_datetime': '', 'max_stars_repo_stars_event_max_datetime': '', 'max_issues_repo_path': 'templates/suggestion_new.html', 'max_issues_repo_name': 'ibz/travelist', 'max_issues_repo_head_hexsha': '45b90ab01ad1fe2d37d5e70b20c2f46dd8d8caa9', 'max_issues_repo_licenses': "['MIT']", 'max_issues_count': '', 'max_issues_repo_issues_event_min_datetime': '', 'max_issues_repo_issues_event_max_datetime': '', 'max_forks_repo_path': 'templates/suggestion_new.html', 'max_forks_repo_name': 'ibz/travelist', 'max_forks_repo_head_hexsha': '45b90ab01ad1fe2d37d5e70b20c2f46dd8d8caa9', 'max_forks_repo_licenses': "['MIT']", 'max_forks_count': '', 'max_forks_repo_forks_event_min_datetime': '', 'max_forks_repo_forks_event_max_datetime': '', 'avg_line_length': '23.6153846154', 'max_line_length': '74', 'alphanum_fraction': '0.657980456', 'original_id': 'b2819d0278cc32e19f8c2dd695cf36570c9d767be3024107cc5ab918e8a67359'} |
While all eyes have been on the recent election results, protests against the Dakota Access Pipeline achieved a quiet victory. One bank may be pulling its investments in the project, leaving the Dakota Access Pipeline with very little money to continue its build.
DNB, Norway’s largest bank, has reportedly loaned $350 million to Energy Transfer Partners (ETP) for the construction of the pipeline.The bank is worried that Indigenous rights are being overlooked by Energy Transfer Partners.
DNB states that it will take initiative and use its position to try to find a constructive solution to the conflict. If the bank finds that these initiatives do not give appeasing answers or results, DNB will consider ending its involvement in financing the project.
Violence by police against protesters drove the bank to review its investment in the controversial pipeline.
As knowledge about what is going on in North Dakota reaches international countries, corporations are forced to question their own involvement in the pipeline build.
Standing Rock Sioux Tribe members, Indigenous peoples from First Nations around the planet, activists, and even well-known reporters and move stars are all speaking out against the Dakota Access Pipeline. Protesters have occupied several camps along the Missouri River near Cannon Ball, and North Dakota.
The protests have a history of police violence against peaceful protesters. ETP hired private security mercenaries who were untrained. These employees unleashed vicious dogs on crowds of unarmed protesters and at least 6 were mauled.
Since then, militarized police with tanks have replaced mercenaries. Activists have been pepper-sprayed, maced, beaten, shot with bean bag projectiles and rubber bullets, tasered, blasted by LRAD and sound cannons, and have been strip-searched, detained in dog kennels, had their arms marked with numbers, and more.
Police violence and tactics have been so bad that even representatives from the United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues have been amassing testimony from witnesses and victims about excessive force, unlawful arrests, and mistreatment in jail.
ETP has brazenly ignored requests by President Obama and several federal officials for ETP to halt construction until a tribal lawsuit and permit reviews conclude.
During the chaos of Election Day, ETP announced it will be moving forward with drilling to begin installation of the pipeline beneath Lake Oahe in only two weeks, hinting that it would do so with or without appropriate permits.
DNB views these acts as unacceptable and will likely revoke its financial support if ETP continues to ignore Indigenous requests.
If DNB withdraws its financial support, the bold move could inspire other major investors to follow suit, especially if the public continues to apply pressure.
Ariana Marisol is a contributing staff writer for REALfarmacy.com. She is an avid nature enthusiast, gardener, photographer, writer, hiker, dreamer, and lover of all things sustainable, wild, and free. Ariana strives to bring people closer to their true source, Mother Nature. She graduated The Evergreen State College with an undergraduate degree focusing on Sustainable Design and Environmental Science. Follow her adventures on Instagram. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '030ff3cd9a44e1b87375b2a477a0b900226b4395a21543297cc573217476d83e'} |
Lawmakers Target Google Glass - NBC Bay Area
Press Here
Lawmakers Target Google Glass
Lawmakers say that Google Glass make it easy to spy on others and worry that the new hands-free device would let wearers watch videos while driving
Although it won't be for sale until next year, lawmakers are already lamenting the danger of Google Glass.
There are some serious safety and privacy hazards in a hands-free device that takes photos and plays video, according to the Christian Science Monitor. Already a West Virginia legislator introduced a bill last week prohibiting the use of Google Glass while behind the wheel saying it would a danger on the road.
“I can see the problem with someone driving down the road and watching a YouTube video or dictating a word document, and there is nothing in our code to cover it,” state Rep. Gary Howell told the Science Monitor. “Let’s get a discussion started on this.”
Google Glass, Google's wearable computer glasses, allow users to snap photos and record videos as well as share them. Federal legislators are also eying the eye wear to see if it will infringe on privacy, especially if it uses facial-recognition software.
“A lot of people are excited about Glass, but I don't think people are excited about a situation where a stranger can identify them, by name, by simply looking at them on the street,” Sen. Al Franken, D-Minnesota, said in a statement.
Security and privacy experts say that Google should create safeguards on its use. A new website has also sprung up to protest the device,
Google Glass is a cool device in theory, but its consequences are not straightforward. Will the new device log all humans it sees into a huge database? Can drivers watch episodes of "Parks and Recreation" while commuting to work? So far, there aren't any laws to prevent either. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '55', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9450557827949524}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '84608', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:3I2WWL62FL7Q7LNRDGBR62B7B6H42Y2N', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:4526c59f-6ff3-4e0a-8c8f-7ff08f3dbc28>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 12, 17, 20, 42, 5), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.119.1.105', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:QWSAC7CQEOORSBS4M24YNZFA4A2DEDQY', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:9487a6dd-53e0-455a-bd54-456ee6c1fcbc>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.nbcbayarea.com/blogs/press-here/Lawmakers-Target-Google-Glass-200089651.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:2d734fce-42a7-42be-b7cc-faae6277adb2>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '314', 'url': 'https://www.nbcbayarea.com/blogs/press-here/Lawmakers-Target-Google-Glass-200089651.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-51\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for December 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-102-177-182.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.04436933994293213', 'original_id': 'a465ba4b8c613471c2b136631094058078100e97a6dfd0805f29c9b42e99e4d2'} |
Four killed at Afghan Koran protest
CLASHES between police and villagers during a protest about the desecration of the Koran in Afghanistan's Helmand province have left four dead.
AAPMarch 21, 20137:50pm
AT least four people have been shot dead when dozens of Afghan villagers clashed with police over the alleged desecration of the Koran, officials say.
The clashes broke out in Musa Qala, a town troubled by insurgent violence in the southern province of Helmand.
"Four people have been killed and seven others, including two policemen, have been shot and injured in the clash," said provincial spokesman Ahmad Zeerak.
He said it was unclear whether police bullets caused the casualties and said officers had been forced to intervene after "Taliban fighters hiding among the protesters opened fire on police first".
Helmand has been the scene of some of the worst fighting between NATO troops and the Taliban since the 2001 US-led invasion which ousted the militants from power nationally.
Local villagers said a man in police uniform set fire to copies of the Koran which had been pulled from the shelves of a local mosque.
Local official Mohammad Ismail Hotak said a suspect, who had disguised himself as a police officer, had been detained for questioning.
"We have a suspect in custody who allegedly went to a mosque last night while wearing a police uniform and desecrated the holy Koran, but our initial information shows he is a member of the Taliban posing as a police," the official said.
Officials denied any copy of the Koran had been burned.
The Taliban claimed the suspect was a policeman and vowed revenge for the desecration, a deeply sensitive issue in the extremely conservative Muslim country.
The incident plunged relations between foreign forces and Kabul to an all-time low and forced US President Barack Obama to apologise.
Originally published as Four killed at Afghan Koran protest
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TIME15:36ONLINE885
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1596267647107:21768141:点歌 PANDORA PARADOXXX
1596267664008:21768141:逸哥下午好呀
TIME15:41ONLINE1016
TIME15:41ONLINE1084
1596267719535:21768141:逸哥怎么现在才来
TIME15:42ONLINE1084
1596267739688:21768141:？》
TIME15:42ONLINE1084
1596267764716:33778092:up能帮忙打一下假的59吗？
TIME15:43ONLINE1084
1596267795689:33778092:好的er
TIME15:43ONLINE1135
TIME15:44ONLINE1135
1596267852497:33778092:发号了 多谢喽
TIME15:44ONLINE1185
TIME15:45ONLINE1185
1596267919365:21768141:对了，我觉得剿灭作战是舟游里面最像植战僵的关卡了
TIME15:45ONLINE1236
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TIME15:47ONLINE1293
1596268026439:33778092:估计以后还要找up帮忙的说 所以先摸个牌子
TIME15:47ONLINE1349
1596268066733:21768141:这个练度，加上支援合约，弑君者不被秒才怪咧
TIME15:48ONLINE1349
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TIME15:49ONLINE1500
1596268147234:21768141:小火龙表示我做错了什么，要一直被晕
TIME15:49ONLINE1554
1596268199925:21768141:60%闪避，你以为是不存在的吗
TIME15:50ONLINE1554
1596268221887:33778092:高 贵 的 限 定
TIME15:50ONLINE1603
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TIME15:51ONLINE1653
TIME15:52ONLINE1653
1596268347034:33778092:提示一下，还有10分钟就强制断线喽
TIME15:52ONLINE1707
1596268379416:21768141:逸哥，你也是东方众？
TIME15:53ONLINE1707
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1596268763299:382002491:快打个14
1596268774769:33778092:那我就一会再来喽
TIME15:59ONLINE1695
1596268794076:382002491:我过18了芜湖
1596268801949:33778092:10分钟后啦
TIME16:0ONLINE1695
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1596268880036:382002491:这次合约如此简单像我这样的fw都可以过
1596268881890:382002491:18
TIME16:1ONLINE1697
1596268901181:33778092:上的去号吗？
1596268914005:382002491:新约啥时候出
TIME16:2ONLINE1697
TIME16:2ONLINE1700
1596268978136:142062951:能帮忙过一下日替吗awa
1596268984733:33778092:育碧联动前兆
TIME16:3ONLINE1700
1596269016512:438122249:我终于找到了我过18的思路了
TIME16:3ONLINE1699
1596269040802:438122249:浮士德倒是没了，差一个红刀忘记挡了。
TIME16:4ONLINE1699
1596269071408:33778092:主要是我黄铁当时没打，同学帮我打的所以我这张图不熟悉
1596269072816:438122249:那个红刀没吃满小羊的伤害
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1596269171832:33778092:比如桃子(〜￣△￣)〜
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1596269215536:33778092:我现在3秒投降，风笛潜能高了1秒投降233
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1596269331847:33778092:话说我能不能再嫖一关啊～(￣▽￣～)
1596269342056:33778092:我常驻有个任务没打
TIME16:9ONLINE1680
1596269368025:438122249:逸，注意身体啊
TIME16:9ONLINE1676
1596269404529:33778092:其实我自己打也可以的啦
TIME16:10ONLINE1676
1596269423527:33778092:只是打完18后脑子不好使了
TIME16:10ONLINE1676
TIME16:11ONLINE1676
TIME16:11ONLINE1677
TIME16:12ONLINE1677
TIME16:12ONLINE1676
TIME16:13ONLINE1676
TIME16:13ONLINE1679
1596269647294:438122249:好了，我裂开了。
TIME16:14ONLINE1679
1596269659898:33778092:哦对woc，这个浮士德tag不用挡紫箭
1596269676805:33778092:我还一直带个快活占个位置
TIME16:14ONLINE1675
1596269700480:15875957:桃金郎专精那个技能比较好
TIME16:15ONLINE1675
TIME16:15ONLINE1676
TIME16:16ONLINE1676
1596269769642:440307816:其实桃金郎的两个技能都很好用，关键看情况
TIME16:16ONLINE1672
1596269827752:33778092:谢谢！
TIME16:17ONLINE1672
TIME16:17ONLINE1670
1596269871273:438122249:我裂了好吧，看来我今天又不用过18
TIME16:18ONLINE1670
1596269915765:438122249:系统闪断更新，把我好友的塞爹换了
TIME16:18ONLINE1669
1596269926955:438122249:况且我还刷不出来。
TIME16:19ONLINE1669
1596269971331:438122249:我人都没得了
TIME16:19ONLINE1672
TIME16:20ONLINE1672
1596270013730:438122249:本来还想找个好友的年代替一下塞爹。
1596270020732:438122249:可是也没刷出来。
1596270031805:438122249:那两个自从更新之后就没刷出来了
TIME16:20ONLINE1670
1596270063160:440307816:惨
TIME16:21ONLINE1670
TIME16:21ONLINE1675
1596270109448:438122249:我还是试着用一下龟龟吧，等下回来
TIME16:22ONLINE1675
TIME16:22ONLINE1677
TIME16:23ONLINE1677
TIME16:23ONLINE1680
1596270244807:357483513:我终于过24了
TIME16:24ONLINE1680
1596270252758:357483513:凹了一晚上我吐了
1596270274148:357483513:用星熊卡
TIME16:24ONLINE1678
1596270281990:357483513:第一个用小羊秒
1596270293178:357483513:最后卡3个
1596270304729:357483513:等最后一个红刀过来一起放
TIME16:25ONLINE1678
1596270315600:357483513:加攻击力的
TIME16:25ONLINE1674
1596270362707:357483513:50级剩丝血
TIME16:26ONLINE1674
1596270379433:357483513:不用
1596270394236:357483513:50级剩一丝立马开技能
TIME16:26ONLINE1672
1596270428793:357483513:小火龙等级要高点
TIME16:27ONLINE1672
1596270446677:357483513:65到70
TIME16:27ONLINE1670
1596270465603:357483513:浮士德要开两波
1596270479616:357483513:用两个盾也没事
TIME16:28ONLINE1670
1596270519155:357483513:一个星熊扛红刀一个赛妈扛紫箭
TIME16:28ONLINE1667
TIME16:29ONLINE1667
1596270568663:357483513:小火龙三技能
1596270577868:357483513:赛妈三技能
TIME16:29ONLINE1664
1596270599291:357483513:闪灵要求不高
1596270609891:20175604:我过24时闪灵35级就够了
TIME16:30ONLINE1664
TIME16:30ONLINE1664
1596270668264:357483513:桃金娘加推王
TIME16:31ONLINE1664
1596270674956:357483513:推王常驻
TIME16:31ONLINE1661
1596270706264:357483513:不是放那里的
1596270712787:357483513:放家门口
TIME16:32ONLINE1661
TIME16:32ONLINE1664
1596270772894:20175604:桃金娘就是那个位置
TIME16:33ONLINE1664
1596270810769:20175604:在推王右边三格放风笛
TIME16:33ONLINE1672
1596270836051:20175604:开完一波技能风笛直接撤
1596270839092:20175604:对的
TIME16:34ONLINE1672
1596270865523:20175604:是的
1596270868467:513096670:主播帮过18嘛
1596270877796:20175604:铃兰放小火龙旁边
TIME16:34ONLINE1671
1596270910232:20175604:应该先上白咕咕的
TIME16:35ONLINE1671
TIME16:35ONLINE1672
1596270958640:20175604:铃兰上迟了
1596270966065:20175604:铃兰向上
TIME16:36ONLINE1672
TIME16:36ONLINE1666
TIME16:37ONLINE1666
TIME16:37ONLINE1666
1596271065842:357483513:发你QQ了
1596271068921:20175604:铃兰要开技能的
TIME16:38ONLINE1666
TIME16:38ONLINE1664
1596271124343:357483513:等第一个红刀转弯铃兰就开技能
1596271140944:357483513:黄刀
TIME16:39ONLINE1664
1596271162217:357483513:风笛技能好了就开
TIME16:39ONLINE1661
1596271192445:357483513:先风笛
1596271199249:357483513:然后小羊
TIME16:40ONLINE1661
TIME16:40ONLINE1660
1596271259728:357483513:等紫刀到面前就应该撤了
1596271265304:357483513:无所谓
TIME16:41ONLINE1660
1596271288435:357483513:星熊
1596271288435:20175604:先星熊
1596271299009:20175604:再赛雷娅
TIME16:41ONLINE1662
1596271307741:357483513:卡不住了
1596271326963:357483513:星熊然后风笛最后赛妈
TIME16:42ONLINE1662
1596271332265:357483513:是
TIME16:42ONLINE1661
1596271376412:357483513:卡到三个，等最后一个红刀和他们重叠撤
TIME16:43ONLINE1661
1596271400823:357483513:是的
TIME16:43ONLINE1658
1596271433685:357483513:推王完放白面，这样回费快
TIME16:44ONLINE1658
1596271451977:357483513:桃金娘那边等术士走到脸上换风笛
TIME16:44ONLINE1656
1596271490195:357483513:其实可以把紫刀也打死
TIME16:45ONLINE1656
1596271536896:20175604:可以等黄刀往前走点再开火山
1596271541338:357483513:等黄到走到小火龙范围再开
TIME16:45ONLINE1654
1596271553258:20175604:这样打不到第二个黄刀
1596271554379:357483513:还可以烧几下术士
TIME16:46ONLINE1654
1596271590015:357483513:第二个黄刀是肯定烧不到的
TIME16:46ONLINE1655
1596271608746:357483513:是的
TIME16:47ONLINE1655
1596271648305:357483513:灼底其实要卡时间开的
TIME16:47ONLINE1654
TIME16:48ONLINE1654
1596271715734:357483513:我昨天就是地火卡时间凹了一晚上
TIME16:48ONLINE1661
TIME16:49ONLINE1661
1596271760422:357483513:闪灵看情况开技能
1596271767954:357483513:闪灵技能不重要
TIME16:49ONLINE1655
1596271790712:357483513:看到撑不住了就开
TIME16:50ONLINE1655
1596271830033:357483513:然后就等最后一个红刀了
TIME16:50ONLINE1656
1596271857984:20175604:等下个术士打到白咕咕是开她的技能
1596271869487:20175604:就是这个术士
TIME16:51ONLINE1656
1596271892128:357483513:最后技能一起开
TIME16:51ONLINE1658
TIME16:52ONLINE1658
1596271960811:20175604:不早 白咕咕的技能只是保她不死就行了
TIME16:52ONLINE1656
1596271963184:357483513:灼底等红刀
1596271964534:20175604:不撤
1596271968778:357483513:风笛不用
TIME16:53ONLINE1656
1596271998999:357483513:最后戳浮士德
1596272005283:20175604:等刀哥对齐撤星熊
TIME16:53ONLINE1658
TIME16:54ONLINE1658
1596272070274:357483513:不用
TIME16:54ONLINE1662
TIME16:55ONLINE1662
1596272128010:357483513:小羊小火龙可以撤了
1596272141739:357483513:然后等
TIME16:55ONLINE1665
1596272151752:20175604:到这里基本上过了
TIME16:56ONLINE1665
1596272174208:357483513:下面有个格子
1596272178158:20175604:星熊好了 换赛雷娅
1596272184261:357483513:铃兰还可以开个技能
TIME16:56ONLINE1667
1596272220984:357483513:铃兰左边
TIME16:57ONLINE1667
1596272243522:357483513:朝右
1596272249517:20175604:撤风笛啊
1596272250560:357483513:撤赛妈
1596272262572:357483513:实在不行就再撤风笛
TIME16:57ONLINE1668
TIME16:58ONLINE1668
TIME16:58ONLINE1666
TIME16:59ONLINE1666
1596272369220:357483513:慢了
TIME16:59ONLINE1664
TIME17:0ONLINE1664
TIME17:0ONLINE1662
TIME17:1ONLINE1662
TIME17:1ONLINE1660
1596272507366:357483513:关键是小兵，小火龙等级不高就难受
TIME17:2ONLINE1660
1596272541775:20175604:我小火龙精二45级过了 哈哈
1596272545906:357483513:小羊60，50就差不多了
1596272563281:20175604:没专
TIME17:2ONLINE1660
TIME17:3ONLINE1660
1596272598743:357483513:就一波流
1596272617427:357483513:7级左右
TIME17:3ONLINE1658
TIME17:4ONLINE1658
TIME17:4ONLINE1656
1596272713206:357483513:应该也就铃兰和小羊技能要求高点
TIME17:5ONLINE1656
1596272741387:357483513:铃兰不专三最后转不过来
TIME17:5ONLINE1655
TIME17:6ONLINE1655
TIME17:6ONLINE1654
TIME17:7ONLINE1654
1596272835718:357483513:闪灵我好像也忘加了
1596272853001:357483513:闪灵在星熊前面
1596272862019:218573987:uup
TIME17:7ONLINE1650
1596272872336:218573987:有空，帮忙玩嘛
1596272882415:357483513:在星熊前面放下去
1596272891164:218573987:过活动
TIME17:8ONLINE1650
TIME17:8ONLINE1650
TIME17:9ONLINE1650
1596272960012:357483513:小羊铃兰小火龙
TIME17:9ONLINE1648
TIME17:10ONLINE1648
TIME17:10ONLINE1645
TIME17:11ONLINE1645
TIME17:11ONLINE1648
TIME17:12ONLINE1648
1596273146139:185561625:我卡了？
1596273158943:357483513:逸炸了
TIME17:12ONLINE1644
1596273181229:357483513:逸直播间炸了
TIME17:13ONLINE1644
TIME17:13ONLINE1646
TIME17:14ONLINE1646
TIME17:14ONLINE1646
1596273305596:16683872:？？？
1596273314104:357483513:信号断了
TIME17:15ONLINE1646
TIME17:15ONLINE1641
TIME17:16ONLINE1641
1596273378033:357483513:看到了
1596273387135:357483513:网络炸了?
TIME17:16ONLINE1638
TIME17:17ONLINE1638
TIME17:17ONLINE1635
TIME17:18ONLINE1635
TIME17:18ONLINE1631
TIME17:19ONLINE1631
TIME17:19ONLINE1627
TIME17:20ONLINE1627
1596273628840:357483513:哦吼
TIME17:20ONLINE1627
TIME17:21ONLINE1627
1596273675357:357483513:之前你小火龙技能有点和我卡的轴重叠了一部
TIME17:21ONLINE1624
1596273718537:357483513:推王等级高的好处
TIME17:22ONLINE1624
1596273740642:357483513:正常60级就能扛了
TIME17:22ONLINE1621
TIME17:23ONLINE1621
TIME17:23ONLINE1619
1596273850558:357483513:刚才黑盾走到赛妈左边就可以开小火龙技能了
TIME17:24ONLINE1619
1596273870801:357483513:15，16怪的时候
1596273883072:357483513:之后就是小火龙有技能就开
TIME17:24ONLINE1618
TIME17:25ONLINE1618
1596273937701:357483513:等黑盾走到赛妈左边
TIME17:25ONLINE1617
TIME17:26ONLINE1617
TIME17:26ONLINE1615
TIME17:27ONLINE1615
1596274060953:357483513:小羊技能没开
1596274065765:357483513:秀
TIME17:27ONLINE1615
TIME17:28ONLINE1615
TIME17:28ONLINE1614
TIME17:29ONLINE1614
TIME17:29ONLINE1613
TIME17:30ONLINE1613
1596274232028:357483513:晚了
TIME17:30ONLINE1619
1596274247766:357483513:开完小火龙技能再放赛妈也没事
1596274267712:34438606:帮我合约过下哈
TIME17:31ONLINE1619
TIME17:31ONLINE1621
TIME17:32ONLINE1621
1596274336829:357483513:我觉得要没了
TIME17:32ONLINE1623
1596274370624:357483513:等级高的好处
1596274374664:357483513:233333
TIME17:33ONLINE1623
TIME17:33ONLINE1625
1596274447358:357483513:白面技能早点开
TIME17:34ONLINE1625
TIME17:34ONLINE1627
TIME17:35ONLINE1627
1596274518403:39840577:回来激活下狗牌 可排18+么
TIME17:35ONLINE1630
TIME17:36ONLINE1630
TIME17:36ONLINE1635
1596274634379:357483513:星熊可以放桃子下面帮小火龙扛个弩箭
TIME17:37ONLINE1635
TIME17:37ONLINE1639
TIME17:38ONLINE1639
TIME17:38ONLINE1639
1596274730994:382002491:浮士德(危)
TIME17:39ONLINE1639
1596274761640:382002491:前方可是地狱啊
1596274775622:39840577:点歌 难忘今宵
TIME17:39ONLINE1639
TIME17:40ONLINE1639
TIME17:40ONLINE1643
1596274860824:382002491:点歌 lost rivers
1596274867331:382002491:危
1596274867331:357483513:照理说这练度不会这么艰难
1596274869277:39840577:我也想排个24
TIME17:41ONLINE1643
1596274878887:357483513:操作太菜了
1596274900815:382002491:快放lost rivers
TIME17:41ONLINE1639
1596274907942:357483513:一直开慢
1596274915894:39840577:打物理没鸡精 打法术没铃兰
1596274934057:357483513:黑盾走到赛妈左边就开刚好
1596274937248:382002491:紫剑害人害己
TIME17:42ONLINE1639
TIME17:42ONLINE1645
TIME17:43ONLINE1645
1596275010812:357483513:就要求2专精平均等级在50这肯定伤害溢出
TIME17:43ONLINE1650
1596275040917:382002491:好家伙干嘛呢
TIME17:44ONLINE1650
1596275081319:357483513:小火龙轴tm试了一晚上
1596275086185:357483513:难受死
TIME17:44ONLINE1659
TIME17:45ONLINE1659
TIME17:45ONLINE1671
TIME17:46ONLINE1671
1596275188943:357483513:23估计点个二级血平均等级能减到20，3
TIME17:46ONLINE1680
TIME17:47ONLINE1680
1596275263751:357483513:推王60基本就够了
TIME17:47ONLINE1685
1596275274330:357483513:技能没什么要求
1596275279939:357483513:我专一的
TIME17:48ONLINE1685
TIME17:48ONLINE1684
TIME17:49ONLINE1684
TIME17:49ONLINE1683
TIME17:50ONLINE1683
TIME17:50ONLINE1683
TIME17:51ONLINE1683
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V2
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Tolkien Gateway
Letter 155
The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien
Letter 155
RecipientNaomi Mitchison
DateAn unsent part of Letter 154, which was posted 25 September 1954
Subject(s)Explication of Magic and its moral dimensions
Letter 155 is a letter written by J.R.R. Tolkien and published in The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien.
[edit] Summary
Tolkien feared that he had been far too casual about "magic" and the use of the word, although criticism by Galadriel and others of the "mortal" use of the term showed that thought about it was not casual. It was a very large and difficult question and the story of The Lord of the Rings could hardly be burdened with a pseudo-philosophic disquisition! Tolkien had no intent to debate whether "magic" was real or possible in the world.
For the purposes of the tale there was a latent distinction between what was once called magia and goeteia.[note 1] Galadriel spoke of the "deceits of the Enemy".[1] Magia was held to be good and goeteia bad; in this tale neither is good or bad except by motive or purpose or use. Both sides used both, but with different motives. The supremely bad motive was the domination of other "free" wills. The Enemy's operations were not all goetic deceits, but "magic" that produced real effects in the physical world. However, his magia bulldozed people and things, and his goeteia terrified and subjugated. Elves and Gandalf sparingly used magia for real results (such as fire in a wet faggot) for specific beneficent purposes. They used goeteia entirely for artistic effects because to Elves the result was as obvious to them as the difference between fiction, painting, sculpture and life is to us (although Elvish goeteia might deceive or bewilder unaware Men).
Both sides lived mainly by "ordinary" means. The Enemy and those like him went in for "machinery". The basic motive of magia is immediacy: speed, reduction of labour, and reduction of the gap between the idea or desire and the result or effect. But since magia was not easy to come by and since the Enemy had abundant slave-labour or machinery, the latter means was often preferred. Another factor then enters, a moral or pathological one: tyrants lose sight of objects, become cruel, and enjoy smashing, hurting, and defiling. One could defend poor Lotho's new and more efficient mills, but not Sharkey and Sandyman's use of them.
A difference in Tolkien’s "magic" is that it cannot be attained by "lore" or spells; it is an inherent power not possessed by Men as such. Aragorn's healing might have been regarded as "magical", or a blend of magic with pharmacy and hypnotism, but it was reported by hobbits with little notions of philosophy or science. Aragorn was not a pure "Man" but at long remove was one of the "children of Lúthien".
Alongside the final paragraph of this part of the letter that was not sent Tolkien had written: "But the Númenóreans used 'spells' in making swords?"
[edit] Notes
1. The second term, in English Goety, is defined in the O.E.D. as "witchcraft or magic performed by the invocation and employment of evil spirits; necromancy".
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Self Assembly: Nature’s Design Principle
At the Wyss Institute, the natural principle of ‘self assembly’ inspires technology innovation as well as how we collaborate
One of the most wondrous aspects of life is that all living organisms are formed through self assembly, a fundamental biological design process by which an organized structure seemingly builds itself from a disordered collection of smaller parts.
On a large scale, self-organizing behavior’s powerful effects are seen when small gusts of wind join together to form a tornado that can wreak havoc on infrastructure and natural resources in its path.
And on a much smaller scale, this same principle is seen when two strands of DNA zip up to form the double helix that encodes our genome. Or, when cells self assemble into embryonic tissues that further develop into fully formed humans and animals.
The self assembly of some structures can be accelerated by shaking up pieces and increasing their chances of finding matching connections, like a lock and key, until a stable structure emerges from the sum of parts. Long DNA molecules, for example, can now be designed so that upon being shaken in a test tube, they self-organize into 3D structures with predetermined shapes and functions – a process known as ‘DNA Origami’.
But the most sophisticated biological structures use a dynamic type of self assembly that continually consumes energy in a never-ending cycle of assembly and disassembly, continually responding and adapting to their environment and available components. This is how thousands of molecules come together to form the filaments, membranes and organelles that comprise cells and carry out the intricate series of biochemical reactions that make life possible.
Across the Institute, scientists of different expertise co-mingle in shared ‘collaboratories’ where the trade of ideas can spark new research initiatives that ravel together organically. As a result, the Institute’s core focus areas, which currently span Synthetic Biology, Living Cellular Devices, Programmable Nanomaterials, Biomimetic Microsystems, Adaptive Material Technologies, and Bioinspired Robotics, Molecular Robotics and 3D Organ Engineering are continuously evolving as Wyss scientists band and disband in harmony with promising new technologies that emerge.
Self assembly is more than just a process to be studied or the way in which people team up to work together. It is a design principle that Wyss Institute faculty and staff leverage in their research to create new materials and devices with unique behaviors and properties.
Wyss Institute scientists have developed injectable nanoparticles that aggregate at sites of disease or injury inside the body, where they can recruit immune system factors or circulating drugs to treat illness or attract stem cells to regenerate tissues. DNA Origami is being used to create new nanoscale drug delivery systems and immune adjuvants. Implantable biomaterials are being fabricated that induce living cells to self organize to form functional tissues and organs. And other Wyss researchers are designing collective swarms of robots small enough to traverse tiny spaces within collapsed buildings, where they could then self assemble into larger collectives with enough force to open passageways for inspection or escape.
Close menu | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9186413288116456}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '47679', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:576DY2NBCV7K26E6GJP22UTTCBVEFBZP', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:509b785f-7797-4f5b-875c-8cf331df8dec>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2022, 9, 29, 21, 9, 27), 'WARC-IP-Address': '138.197.55.227', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:UHPBLPYZREVKDXH4LRAKDFMGB34X2Q6T', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:e3b04e54-ebea-4490-b142-0fa7c52a7b96>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://wyss.harvard.edu/news/self-assembly-natures-design-principle/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:8996f50b-f97c-4300-b241-04500116d807>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '512', 'url': 'https://wyss.harvard.edu/news/self-assembly-natures-design-principle/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2022-40\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September/October 2022\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-28\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.19 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.4-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.08366739749908447', 'original_id': '18107b8a8bd6fbf74f4af72fcc47e2e62ad808088db4ccfcb2d328ded04c930c'} |
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At 40 degrees Celcius below zero, snow gathers inside the tent and not even the warmest down sleeping bag does the job of keeping one warm. At a height of over 7000 meters, it is simply freezing cold. One must admit that this is quite a unique trio that has set out to climb the GasherbrumII (8034m) for the first time in winter. Simone Moro and Denis Urubko seem to handle the extreme temperature and the physical exertion better than Cory Richards, who, at the same time, also films the expedition. Richards seems to slightly regret his decision to come along with each further altitude meter. With the cold getting more and more unbearable, Cory’s self-doubt becomes stronger and stronger. But turning around is no option. Not without a summit victory. And not even that is a guarantee for a successful ending of this adventure: the way down is always more dangerous than the way up.
We would like to thank our partners | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '10', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.939825177192688}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '15956', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:PHYE5SC6M42A3GJMYIRFUZ4JYA76UDVA', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:e524bb4b-eae3-4278-85c2-75b68b37062d>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 9, 26, 13, 17, 51), 'WARC-IP-Address': '193.200.128.105', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:7ZVPXFIRJ7L5LUZWTLTTNZJIBJKPS46S', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:1c251682-0615-468b-b989-699ab5905977>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://de.eoft.eu/en/tour/eoft-1112/cold/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:e4b8300d-6124-40d7-9b0f-1f3ec7134652>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '187', 'url': 'https://de.eoft.eu/en/tour/eoft-1112/cold/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-39\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-156\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.019704341888427734', 'original_id': 'e015b09cb464edb4912ea76caac5bfbd0fc1706e2a0c8d73f84e9ff1b063e036'} |
O6-methylguanine (O6-MeG) is the primary cytotoxic lesion induced by SN1-methylating agents such as temozolomide (TMZ), a chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of malignant glioma and other human tumors. Unrepaired O6-MeG adducts cause mismatch repair (MMR)-directed apoptosis or, if tolerated, can lead to the induction of mutations. In investigating the mechanism of action of TMZ, we recently reported that TMZ inhibits the activity of nuclear factor-:B (NF-:B) through damage specific attenuation of DNA-binding. The overall goal of our work is to examine the role of NF-:B in the response to chemotherapeutic methylating agents as a basis to improving their anti-tumor action and ameliorating their carcinogenic effects. Preliminary studies demonstrate that the p50 (NF-:B1) subunit is required for inhibition of NF-:B by TMZ and that deletion of p50 renders cells highly resistant to TMZ-induced killing. Based on the above data, we hypothesize that the DNA damage response to O6-MeG-inducing agents is mediated by p50. The experiments outlined below will determine whether p50 acts as an effector specific to the O6-MeG-induced DNA damage response pathway and whether p50 expression level is important in regulating the chemotherapeutic and carcinogenic actions of TMZ. In Aim 1, experiments will be performed to examine the mechanism by which p50 mediates TMZ-induced inhibition of NF-:B DNA-binding. Studies will first look upstream up p50 at the Chk1/p50 interaction and then look downstream of p50 at the :B-site DNA sequence In Aim 2, experiments will examine whether p50-mediated inhibition of NF-:B is a specific response to O6- MeG damage. The O6-MeG lesion will be isolated using oligonucleotide duplexes and studies performed both in vitro and in intact cells. We will first look upstream of p50 to examine if inhibition of NF-:B is a specific response to O6-MeG damage or a general consequence of DNA mismatch recognition. Next, experiments will examine if O6-MeG-induced inhibition of NF-:B, mediated by p50, is sufficient to elicit the downstream damage response involving apoptosis. In Aim 3, to determine if loss of p50 may be clinically relevant in the treatment of glioma with TMZ, animal experiments will examine if depletion of p50 renders glioma xenografts resistant to the anti-tumor effect of TMZ. In Aim 4, to examine if loss of p50 predisposes to chemotherapeutic-induced carcinogenesis, experiments will be performed to determine whether deletion of p50 renders cells prone to mutation and malignant transformation following TMZ treatment. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '0c3d223835771bc463cd399ce62c62044928448d5a78c1cd38c659e7179d2ff9'} |
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What’s all the ‘excitement’ about flight?
Have you ever wondered how tirelessly the tiny fruit fly buzzes around your fruit bowl? This behavior not only demands tremendous energy but also requires highly coordinated neuronal signaling that enables continuous flight. A recent study from Prof. Gaiti Hasan’s lab has uncovered molecules required in the fruit flies brain that enables flight for long periods of time and helps them locate the fruit bowl in your pantry. One of the key proteins identified in this study is the FMRFa receptor (FMRFaR). The authors describe a role for this receptor in a specific class of neurons in the adult fly brain which helps the fly sustain flight for long periods of time. The study was published in PLOS Genetics Journal with lead author, Preethi Ravi's striking making it to the cover page as well!
The FMRFaR belongs to a class of proteins known as G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). GPCRs are well-studied molecules that help convert extracellular messages such as hormones or neurotransmitters into cellular responses. Under laboratory conditions, while wild-type flies were able to maintain flight for an average of over 10 minutes, FMRFaR mutant flies could sustain flight for only half that time. Using genetic experiments, the authors were able to narrow down the function of this receptor to a specific class of neurons in the fly’s brain, namely neurons that make and use the neurotransmitter dopamine for communication with other neurons. Dopamine has been implicated in both fly and mammalian behaviors such as locomotion, motivation, addiction, learning, and memory.
“The reason I decided to pursue FMRFaR amongst various others receptors, was the observation that loss of FMRFaR signaling specifically in adult dopaminergic neurons of the fruit fly resulted in severe flight loss. This was the first time that we had encountered a GPCR that was required in the central brain of adult flies for flight and that’s what made it really exciting”, says Preethi.
In the current study, the authors show that changes in cellular calcium brought about by activation of the FMRFaR regulate flight and are required to maintain excitability of mature dopaminergic neurons of the fly brain. Neuronal excitability is one key process that allows neurons to communicate with each other and ultimately results in motor behavior.
The question then is: how does FMRFaR regulate neuronal excitability in these neurons? Activation of the FMRFaR triggers the release of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) into the cytosol of the cell through another intracellular receptor plus calcium channel called the Inositol-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R). The calcium released through such a trigger activates other calcium-sensitive proteins in the neuron. In this study, the authors have identified a Calcium-calmodulin Protein Kinase (CaMKII) as a downstream effector of FMRFaR activation. The authors speculate that FMRFaR stimulated calcium activates CaMKII, which could either directly or indirectly activate channels that determine the excitability of the neuronal plasma membrane.
“One would expect that flying for several minutes at a stretch would require a continuous stream of sensory information for the fly to reach its destination. Here, we believe that the FMRFaR on dopaminergic neurons helps in processing such sensory information and thus enables sustained flight in the right direction”, says corresponding author, Prof. Hasan.
Which plasma membrane channels are activated by FMRFaR signaling? What is the underlying mechanism of their activation? Where does the signal for triggering FMRFaR activation come from? The hunt for answers to these questions is now keeping the team busy. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '81', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9307538270950316}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '58192', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:VRDWJVSSIW2GOUP2TE4SRE3YE7YW7JND', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:db648568-d13a-43c0-9ac4-5211a3ac10fe>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 10, 24, 4, 45, 10), 'WARC-IP-Address': '158.144.176.51', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:AT2A3MISQAR7PX323PG6Y7IIG6SQAHRS', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:530ac863-2c65-46b3-9ad5-2a4bfbdeb9e0>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://news.ncbs.res.in/research/what%E2%80%99s-all-%E2%80%98excitement%E2%80%99-about-flight', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:f9d498b4-fcf7-4392-9e26-65d1304ee168>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '572', 'url': 'http://news.ncbs.res.in/research/what%E2%80%99s-all-%E2%80%98excitement%E2%80%99-about-flight', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-43\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for October 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-173.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.4488605856895447', 'original_id': 'c5d5c6eb814f9616373298855614998e31f86590a54e68aea89efb2b80d83b06'} |
Q:
Is this PHP comparison the same?
I basically have this PHP code:
<?php
$num_1 = $_POST['num_1'];
if( $num_1 == 1 || $num_1 == 2 ){
// Do something
}
?>
What I know is that $num_1 can either be 1 or 2. This is the value I expect from $_POST['num_1']
What I want to know is that instead of using if( $num_1 == 1 || $num_1 == 2 ) could I use or is that the same to use:
<?php
$num_1 = $_POST['num_1'];
if( $num_1 == ( 1 || 2 ) ){
// Do something
}
?>
The difference here is that previously I was using if( $num_1 == 1 || $num_1 == 2 ){} but now I am using if( $num_1 == ( 1 || 2 ) ){}
I am trying to wrap my head around this. Could anyone provide a helpful explanation? Which is more efficient and best practice?
A:
Not the same. You can test it just by doing something like that:
$num_1 = 1;
var_dump($num_1 == ( 1 || 2 )); //true
var_dump($num_1 == 1 || $num_1 == 2); //true
$num_1 = 2;
var_dump($num_1 == ( 1 || 3 )); //true
var_dump($num_1 == 1 || $num_1 == 3); //false
The main reason for this is that when you are trying to do this:
if(1 || 2)
PHP will convert integers to booleans. So, your expresion become:
if(true||true) //what is actually true
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '83909fdf2817f7e28318f81f4c6f0cf077bc2c5fe597f8a676b06d04005ff004'} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Dermatophytosis is a common contagious disease caused by a fungus known as dermatophytes. Dermatophytes belong to three genera of*Trichophyton*,*Microsporum*, and*Epidermophyton*, which are able to break down keratin in tissues such as epidermis, hair, nails, feathers, horns, and hooves. There are various forms of this disease including tinea corporis, tinea pedis, tinea capitis, tinea barbae, tinea cruris, tinea manuum, and onychomycosis \[[@B1]\]. At present, there are several antidermatophyte drugs such as imidazoles and terbinafine for topical treatment and triazoles, griseofulvin, and terbinafine as oral antifungal for systemic treatment of dermatophytosis which have shown some problems including high toxicity, fungal resistance, and prolonged systemic therapy \[[@B1]--[@B3]\]. These factors express urgent needs for development of new effective treatment alternatives. Leishmaniasis is caused by parasitic protozoa of the genus of*Leishmania* transmitted by bites of phlebotomine sand flies \[[@B4]\]. It is still considered a major health problem in tropical and subtropical countries worldwide and its clinical symptoms are varied, ranging from simple cutaneous lesion to fatal disease \[[@B4], [@B5]\]. In Iran, both epidemiological forms of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) are present, Anthroponotic CL (ACL) and zoonotic CL (ZCL) caused by*Leishmania tropica*and*Leishmania major*, respectively \[[@B5], [@B6]\]. First choice treatment drugs, which are antimonials such as meglumine antimoniate and sodium stibogluconate, have limitations for being used due to the prolonged duration of treatment, high toxicity, and high emergence of resistant parasites against these drugs \[[@B7]--[@B9]\]. These factors render development of new effective antileishmanial drugs as a requirement. Since a long time ago, medicinal plants and their compounds have been important and valuable sources for treatment and prevention of diseases \[[@B10]\]. Barberry,*Berberis vulgaris* (family Berberidaceae), grows in Asia and Europe.*B. vulgaris* called "*Zereshk*" in Persian is native to south-east of Iran. Different parts of this plant including root, leaf, bark, and fruit have been widely used as folk medicine for treatment and prevention of various diseases including cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, respiratory, skin, renal, and infectious ones \[[@B11]\]. Previous studies have been carried out on chemical composition of*B. vulgaris*and shown that the most important constituents of this plant are isoquinoline alkaloids such as berbamine, palmatine, and particularly berberine \[[@B12], [@B13]\]. So far, various studies have demonstrated antibacterial and antiparasitic effects of this plant against several pathogenic strains due to having berberine \[[@B14]--[@B17]\]. Moreover, antifungal effect of*B. vulgaris* and its main component, berberine, against*candida*spp. has been discovered in some investigations \[[@B18], [@B19]\]. In the present study, the*in vitro* antidermatophyte, antileishmanial, and cytotoxicity activities of various extracts of*B. vulgaris* and its active principle, berberine, were described against*Trichophyton mentagrophytes*,*Trichophyton rubrum*,*Microsporum canis*, and*Microsporum gypseum* as pathogenic dermatophyte strains and*Leishmania major* and*Leishmania tropica*as parasitic.
2. Materials and Methods {#sec2}
========================
2.1. Chemicals {#sec2.1}
--------------
MTT powder \[3-(4.5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2.5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide\], fetal calf serum (FCS), and RPMI-1640 medium with L-glutamine and sabouraud dextrose broth (SDA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, (St. Louis, MO, USA). Meglumine antimoniate (MA, Glucantime) as a control drug in the evaluation of antileishmanial effects was prepared from Rhône, Poulenc, France. Penicillin and streptomycin were obtained from Alborz Pharmacy, Karaj, Iran, and were stored at room temperature (25°C) until testing. Also, potato dextrose agar (PDA) was prepared from Oxoid, Basingstoke, Hampshire, United Kingdom. All the other chemicals and solvents were of analytical grade.
2.2. Dermatophyte Strains {#sec2.2}
-------------------------
Standard strains of*T. mentagrophytes* (PTCC 5054),*T. rubrum* (PTCC 5143),*M. canis* (PTCC 5069), and*M. gypseum* (PTCC 5070) were obtained from the center for Persian Type Culture Collection (Tehran, Iran) and were incubated in Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) at 30°C for 7−10 days.
2.3. Parasite Strains {#sec2.3}
---------------------
Standard strains of*L. major* (MRHO/IR/75/ER) and*L. tropica* (MHOM/IR/2002/Mash2) were obtained from the Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy (Tehran, Iran). The parasite was cultured in NNN medium, subcultured in RPMI-1640, supplemented with penicillin (200 IU/mL), streptomycin (100 *μ*g/mL), and 15% heat-inactivated fetal calf serum (FCS).
2.4. Preparation of Extracts {#sec2.4}
----------------------------
### 2.4.1. Plant Collection and Authentication {#sec2.4.1}
The*B. vulgaris* root due to having the high percentage of berberine \[[@B11]\] was collected from the farms in the Baft district of Kerman province, Iran, in May 2012. The identities were confirmed by the botanist at the Botany Department of Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran. Voucher specimen (kf585) of the plant materials was deposited at the Herbarium of Department of Pharmacognosy of the School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran.
### 2.4.2. Obtaining the Aqueous Extract {#sec2.4.2}
Fifty grams of plant material were ground and boiled gently with 500 mL distilled water for approximately 1 h. The filtered aqueous extracts were concentrated in a rotary vacuum evaporator and dried by exposure to hot air to yield solid material and then were stored at −20°C until testing.
### 2.4.3. Preparation of the Methanolic and Chloroform Extracts {#sec2.4.3}
The dried plant materials (500 g) were grounded and extracted by percolation method by chloroform and methanol successively for 72 h in room temperature. Solvents were removed in a rotary evaporator and extracts were concentrated to dryness and stored at −20°C until testing. The*B. vulgaris* root yielded 29.2%, 25.1%, and 27.6% aqueous, chloroform, and methanolic extract of dried plant materials.
### 2.4.4. Preparing of the Berberine {#sec2.4.4}
Berberine (2,3-methylenedioxy-9,10-dimethoxyprotoberberine chloride) as main compound of*B. vulgaris* was prepared from Sigma-Aldrich, (St. Louis, MO, USA) and dissolved in the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Final concentration of DMSO never exceeded 1% either in control or treated samples.
2.5. Preparing Peritoneal Macrophage Cells {#sec2.5}
------------------------------------------
In order to investigate cytotoxicity activity of*B. vulgaris*and berberine, peritoneal macrophages were collected from male healthy BALB/c mice (4--8 weeks old) by injecting 2--5 mL of cold RPMI-1640 medium into mouse peritoneal cavity. Then, the aspirated macrophages were washed twice and resuspended in RPMI-1640 medium. The experimental procedures carried out in this survey were in compliance with Standard Guidelines of Kerman University of Medical Sciences (Kerman, Iran) for Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.
In this investigation, antidermatophytic activities of various extracts of*B. vulgaris* and its main constituent, berberine, were evaluated by disk diffusion method and also minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using broth macrodilution method.
2.6. Disk Diffusion Method {#sec2.6}
--------------------------
To assess antidermatophytic activity of*B. vulgaris*and berberine by disk diffusion method, fresh cultures of*T. mentagrophytes*,*T. rubrum*,*M. canis*, and*M. gypseum* after 3 weeks were spread on SDA. Then, filter paper disks (0.5 cm) were loaded with 1 mg/disk of various extracts of*B. vulgaris* (1 mg/disk) and berberine (0.01 mg/disk). Also, ketoconazole (0.01 mg/disk) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO 1%), methanol, and water were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. After evaporation of the solvents, the disks were placed on the SDA plates. They were incubated at 30°C for 7--14 days and were measured for the developing diameter of inhibition zones around the disks. Finally, inhibition zone diameter was measured and the results were recorded. All the experiments were repeated in triplicate.
2.7. Determining Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) {#sec2.7}
-------------------------------------------------------
The MIC determination of various extracts of*B. vulgaris* andberberine was carried out by broth macrodilution method, according to M38-A2 protocol of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) for filamentous fungi with some modifications \[[@B20]\]. At first, dermatophyte strains were subcultured on PDA slants and incubated at 30°C for 7 to 10 days. Mature colonies were covered with 2 mL of sterile physiological saline (0.85%), suspensions were prepared by gently probing the colony with the tip of a sterile Pasteur pipette and transferred to a sterile conical tube, and the final volumewas adjusted to 5 mL with saline. The resulting mixture of conidia and hyphal was vortex mixed for 15 sec and the heavy particles were allowed to settle for 5--10 min. The upper homogeneous suspension was used for further testing. The resulting suspension was counted in a Neubauer chamber and standardized to concentrations of 1 × 10^5^ to 5 × 10^5^ cfu/mL. This suspension was further diluted 1 : 10 with RPMI-1640 medium broth with L-glutamine and without sodium bicarbonate to final concentrations of 1 × 10^4^ to 5 × 10^4^ cfu/mL. For the broth macrodilution method, 0.9 mL of the final conidia suspensions was mixed with 0.1 mL of various concentrations of extracts of*B. vulgaris* (0.25--4 mg/mL) andberberine (0.062--0.5 mg/mL) in test tubes and incubated at 30°C for seven days. The positive control tube contained 0.9 mL of conidial suspension and 0.1 mL of RPMI-1640 and the negative one only contained 1 mL of RPMI-1640. The minimum concentrations at which no visible growth was observed were defined as MIC, which were expressed in mg/mL.
2.8. Antileishmanial Activity {#sec2.8}
-----------------------------
Antileishmanial activity of*B. vulgaris* extracts and berberine was evaluated on promastigote stages of*L. major* and*L. tropica* by colorimetric cell viability (MTT) assay using the method described by Shokri et al. \[[@B21]\]. Briefly, 100 *μ*L of the promastigotes (10^6^ cells/mL) harvested from logarithmic growth phase was added to a 96-well microtiter plate. Then, 100 *μ*L of different concentrations (0--200 *μ*g/mL) of each plant extract was added to each well and incubated at 37°C ± 1°C for 72 h. After incubation with the extracts, 10 *μ*L of MTT solution (5 mg/mL) was added to each well and incubated at 37°C for 4 h. The promastigotes were cultured in the complete medium with no drug used as positive control and with no promastigotes and drugs as blank. Finally, absorbance was measured by an ELISA reader (BioTek-ELX800) at 490 nm. 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC~50~ values) were also calculated by Probit test in SPSS software.
2.9. Cytotoxicity Activity {#sec2.9}
--------------------------
In order to evaluate cytotoxic activity on peritoneal macrophage cells, CC~50~ (cytotoxicity concentration for 50% of cells) of various extracts of*B. vulgaris* and berberine on peritoneal murine macrophages were determined. The macrophage cells were plated at 10^6^ cells/mL in 96-well Lab-Tek (Nunc, USA) and left to adhere for 2 h at 37°C in 5% CO~2~. Nonadherent cells were removed by washing with medium after 2 h of incubation in similar conditions. In the next step, 190 *μ*L of complete RPMI medium was added to each well and later 10 *μ*L of dilutions of the extracts (previously prepared in medium) was added. The macrophages were treated with the extracts from 10 to 500 *μ*g/mL for 72 h \[[@B22]\]. The cytotoxicity was evaluated using the colorimetric assay with MTT as described previously in the promastigote assay.
2.10. Statistical Analyses {#sec2.10}
--------------------------
In this work, all the experiments were repeated in triplicate. SPSS software, Version 17, (SPSS Inc., Chicago) was used for data entry and statistical analysis and differences between the groups were determined using one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test. Moreover, to compare CC~50~ and IC~50~ values of the groups, *t*-test was performed. *P* value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The selectivity index (SI) calculated based on the equation of CC~50~ for peritoneal macrophage cells/IC~50~ for promastigote forms of both species of*Leishmania* was used to compare toxicity and activity of the crude extracts and berberine, as described by Weniger et al. \[[@B23]\].
3. Results {#sec3}
==========
3.1. Antidermatophytic Activity {#sec3.1}
-------------------------------
In evaluating antidermatophytic effects of various extracts of*B. vulgaris* andberberine by disk diffusion method, it could be observed that all the aforementioned extracts and berberine had potent antidermatophytic effects against*T. mentagrophytes*,*T. rubrum*,*M. canis*, and*M. gypseum* as pathogenic dermatophyte strains ([Table 1](#tab1){ref-type="table"}). Berberine was much more effective than various extracts of*B. vulgaris* once it exhibited wider zone diameter of inhibition (\>50 mm) for all the tested dermatophyte strains. Moreover, among the tested extracts of*B. vulgaris*, methanol extract showed higher antidermatophytic effects (from 26.3 to 37.6 mm) than chloroform (from 24.3 to 32 mm) and aqueous extracts while the lowest antidermatophytic effect was related to aqueous extract (from 18.3 to 25.3 mm) of*B. vulgaris*. The present results revealed that*M. canis* and*T. mentagrophytes* were the most sensitive and resistant strains to various extracts of*B. vulgaris* and berberine, respectively. It should be mentioned that negative controls were not shown any inhibition zone against the tested dermatophte strains. [Table 2](#tab2){ref-type="table"} demonstrates results of MIC values of different extracts of*B. vulgaris* and berberine by broth macrodilution method. It could be seen that MIC values similar to disk diffusion method confirmed that berberine had more antidermatophytic effects than various extracts of*B. vulgaris* with the lowest MIC values for all the tested dermatophyte strains.
3.2. Antileishmanial Activity {#sec3.2}
-----------------------------
In the investigation of antileishmanial effects of*B. vulgaris* extracts and berberine using MTT assay, it could be seen that various extracts of*B. vulgaris*, particularly berberine,significantly (*P* \< 0.05) suppressed growth rate of promastigotes in both strains based on a dose-dependent response. Berberine indicated much higher activity against promastigote forms than crude extracts of*B. vulgaris*. Similarly, methanolic extract was more effective in inhibiting promastigotes growth than aqueous and chloroformextracts of*B. vulgaris*. Aqueous extract also revealed the lowest antileishmanial activity against these parasitic forms. The measured IC~50~ values forberberine were 2.1 *μ*g/mL and 2.9 *μ*g/mL against promastigote forms of*L. major* and*L. tropica*, respectively. While the measured IC~50~ values for various extracts of*B. vulgaris* and MA as control drug against promastigote forms of*L. major* and*L. tropica* were higher than berberine ([Table 3](#tab3){ref-type="table"}).
3.3. Cytotoxicity Activity {#sec3.3}
--------------------------
Crude extracts of*B. vulgaris* showed no significant cytotoxicity on peritoneal macrophage cells while berberine as the active constituent displayed a more cytotoxicity effect at high concentrations ≥25 *μ*g/mL on peritoneal macrophages. The CC~50~ values for different extracts of*B. vulgaris* and also berberine against peritoneal macrophage cells and selectivity index (SI) are shown in [Table 4](#tab4){ref-type="table"}.
4. Discussion {#sec4}
=============
Since ancient times, plant-derived compounds and plant extracts have been used as a valuable natural resource of traditional remedy \[[@B24]\]. In the past decades, advent of synthetic antimicrobial drugs has caused reluctance in plants as a rich source of antimicrobial agents \[[@B25]\]. However, in recent years, emergence of some limitations in the use of these drugs has caused change in situation and interest in the field of ethnobotanical research \[[@B26]\]. In the present study, high potential*B. vulgaris* extracts and especially its active principle, berberine, were demonstrated as a natural source for the production of new antidermatophytic and antileishmanial drugs on an*in vitro* model. As mentioned, based on the previous studies, the highest biological activity of the*B. vulgaris* was due tohaving isoquinoline alkaloids such as berberine. This alkaloid is sparingly soluble in water and it is expected that the liquid extraction contains negligible amounts of berberine, whereas methanolic extract can draw this alkaloid from plant roots. In the case of antifungal effects of berberine, there are few studies that approve high potential of berberine against some pathogenic fungal strains. One such study was conducted by Freile et al. \[[@B14]\] indicating that berberine had potent antifungal effects against different*Candida* spp. with MIC values varying from 16 to 128 *μ*g/mL. Furthermore, Ghaderi and Maleki Nejad \[[@B18]\] showed that*B. vulgaris* extracts had significant anticandidal effects, which were more prominent for methanolic extracts. Also, these researchers reported that anticandidal activity of*B. vulgaris* might be due to the presence of several bioactive compounds, especially berberine.The mechanism underlying antifungal activities of berberine is not fully understood. However, Park et al. \[[@B27]\] exhibited that inhibitory effect of berberine on growth of*Candida* was probably due to inhibition of both sterol and cell wall biosyntheses in this fungus. Previous researches have reported that berberine has a synergistic effect in combination with amphotericin B in the treatment of candidiasis in mice, and it combined with fluconazole against clinical isolates of*Candida albicans* resistant to fluconazole \[[@B19], [@B28]\]. Therefore, all of these results are consistent with results of the present study.
So far, in various investigations, antiparasitic effects of*B. vulgaris* and its bioactive compounds (particularly berberine) against some pathogenic parasite strains have been reported. The study conducted by Kaneda et al. \[[@B16]\] showed that berberine significantly reduced growth of*Entamoeba histolytica*,*Giardia lamblia*, and*Trichomonas vaginalis* on an*in vitro* model and caused morphological changes in their structure. Also, Sheng et al. \[[@B29]\] reported that, in chloroquine resistant malaria, the combination of berberine and pyrimethamine had a synergistic effect in the elimination of parasites and it was more effective than other drugs such as tetracycline or cotrimoxazole. In another survey, Vennerstrom et al. \[[@B17]\] demonstrated that berberine derivatives significantly suppressed the parasite load in liver or ulcer size in golden hamsters infected with*Leishmania donovani* and*Leishmania braziliensis* when compared with meglumine antimoniate. Fata et al. \[[@B15]\] also found that ethanolic extract of*B. vulgaris* significantly decreased ulcer size of cutaneous leishmaniasis of BALB/c mice after 2 weeks. Recently, Rouhani et al. \[[@B30]\] reported that aqueous extract of*B. vulgaris* fruits had an effective scolicidal activity at low concentration (4 mg/mL) and short exposure time (5 min). Thus, the present results were in agreement with those of previous studies in demonstrating antiparasitic activities of*B. vulgaris* and its bioactive compound, berberine.
In this survey, it was indicated that various extractsof*B. vulgaris* had no significant cytotoxicity effect at low concentrations in peritoneal macrophage cells while berberine indicated moderate cytotoxicity effects on peritoneal macrophage cells. Similar to these findings, Peychev \[[@B31]\] revealed that oral administration of*B. vulgaris* was moderately toxic in mice (LD~50~ = 2.6 ± 0.22 g/kg b.w). In contrast, Lin et al. \[[@B32]\] showed that berberine had strong inhibitory effect on proliferation of both hepatoma and leukemia cell lines on*in vitro* model. However, it has been proven that berberine is not considered toxic at the doses used in clinical situations nor has it been shown to be cytotoxic or mutagenic; however, some side-effects have been mentioned to result from high dosages \[[@B11]\]. In addition, SI~s~ ≥ 10 of extracts showed their safety to the macrophages and specificity to the parasite \[[@B23]\]. Thus, it could be proposed that*B. vulgaris* extracts were safe for mammalian cells considering that at high concentrations, they showed significant cytotoxicity in the host cells.
5. Conclusion {#sec5}
=============
To conclude, findings of this study could provide the first step in the search for new antidermatophytic and antileishmanial drugs and aid the use of*B. vulgaris* in folk medicine for dermatophytic and leishmaniasis infections. In addition, further studies are required to elucidate the exact effects of these extracts and berberine in animal models as well as volunteer human subjects as a new therapeutic agent.
This study was supported by the Vice Chancellor for Research, Kerman University of Medical Sciences (Project no. 90/117). The authors would like to thank Dr. Monzote Fidalgo for paper preparation and Mr. Shokohi for data analysis.
Conflict of Interests
=====================
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.
######
Antidermatophytic effects of various extracts of *B. vulgaris* and its main constituent, berberine, against*T. mentagrophytes*,*T. rubrum*, *M. canis,* and *M. gypseum* by disk diffusion method. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD (*n* = 3).
Dermatophytes Zone of inhibition (mm)
--------------------- ------------------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- -------------
*T. mentagrophytes* 24.3 ± 2.15 26.3 ± 1.52 18.3 ± 1.17 51.6 ± 3.08 28.6 ± 1.17
*T. rubrum* 25.3 ± 2.15 28.6 ± 2.08 21.6 ± 2.15 55 ± 3.08 30.3 ± 2.52
*M. canis* 32 ± 2.5 37.6 ± 3.08 25.3 ± 2.52 \>60 37.6 ± 1.52
*M. gypseum* 27.6 ± 1.17 30.6 ± 1.52 23.3 ± 1.17 \>60 31.6 ± 1.52
######
Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of various extractsof *B. vulgaris* and its main component, berberine, against*T. mentagrophytes*, *T. rubrum, M. canis,* and *M. gypseum* by broth macrodillution method.
Dermatophytes MIC (mg/mL)
--------------------- ------------- --- ----- ------- -------
*T. mentagrophytes* 4 4 \>4 0.250 0.250
*T. rubrum* 4 2 4 0.125 0.250
*M. canis* 2 1 2 0.062 0.125
*M. gypseum* 4 1 4 0.125 0.250
######
IC~50~ values of various extracts of *B. vulgaris* and berberine against the growth rate of promastigote forms of *Leishmania major* and*Leishmania tropica*. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD (*n* = 3).
Sample IC~50~ value (µg/mL)^a^
-------------------- ------------------------- -------------
Methanolic extract 12.8 ± 1.17 16.1 ± 1.15
Aqueous extract 22.3 ± 2.51 26.6 ± 2.51
Chloroform extract 19.6 ± 2.08 23.3 ± 2.15
Berberine 2.1 ± 0.05 2.9 ± 0.05
MA^b^ 8.2 ± 1.15 11.6 ± 0.05
^a^Concentration of drug that caused 50% of growth inhibition of promastigotes.
^b^Meglumine antimoniate (Glucantime) as control drug.
######
CC~50~ values of methanolic and aqueous extracts of *B. vulgaris* and berberine on peritoneal macrophage cells and selectivity index (SI) against promastigote forms of *L. major* and *L. tropica.*Data are expressed as the mean ± SD (*n* = 3).
----------------------------------------------------------------
Samples\ CC~50~ ^a^ ± SD (*μ*g/mL) SI^b^
--------------------- --------------------------- ------- ------
Methanolic extract\ 203.3 ± 3.08 15.9 12.6
Aqueous extract\ 362.6 ± 4.6 16.3 13.8
Chloroform extract 297.6 ± 4.6 15.2 12.8
Berberine\ 27.3 ± 2.08 13 9.4
----------------------------------------------------------------
^a^Concentration of extracts that caused 50% mortality in BALB/c mice peritoneal macrophages.
^b^Selectivity index (CC~50~/IC~50~).
[^1]: Academic Editors: M. Brunner, K. Cimanga, and G. Edwards
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '25a134f2b0348d41091a001d7af462b6e8cdf433a4d87a8f02f2bb200ca36547'} |
Q:
How to write a Text file from this Output
I have the following code so that I can search directories to find files. Now I want to add a way for users to Save the output to a text file?
using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Collections;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Data;
using System.IO;
namespace RecursiveSearchCS
{
public class Form1 : System.Windows.Forms.Form
{
internal System.Windows.Forms.Button btnSearch;
internal System.Windows.Forms.TextBox txtFile;
internal System.Windows.Forms.Label lblFile;
internal System.Windows.Forms.Label lblDirectory;
internal System.Windows.Forms.ListBox lstFilesFound;
internal System.Windows.Forms.ComboBox cboDirectory;
private System.ComponentModel.Container components = null;
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
{
if (disposing)
{
if (components != null)
{
components.Dispose();
}
}
base.Dispose(disposing);
}
private void InitializeComponent()
{
this.btnSearch = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
this.txtFile = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
this.lblFile = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
this.lblDirectory = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
this.lstFilesFound = new System.Windows.Forms.ListBox();
this.cboDirectory = new System.Windows.Forms.ComboBox();
this.SuspendLayout();
//
// btnSearch
//
this.btnSearch.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(608, 248);
this.btnSearch.Name = "btnSearch";
this.btnSearch.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(75, 23);
this.btnSearch.TabIndex = 0;
this.btnSearch.Text = "Search";
this.btnSearch.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.btnSearch_Click);
//
// txtFile
//
this.txtFile.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(8, 40);
this.txtFile.Name = "txtFile";
this.txtFile.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(120, 20);
this.txtFile.TabIndex = 4;
this.txtFile.Text = "*.*";
//
// lblFile
//
this.lblFile.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(8, 16);
this.lblFile.Name = "lblFile";
this.lblFile.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(144, 16);
this.lblFile.TabIndex = 5;
this.lblFile.Text = "Search for files containing:";
//
// lblDirectory
//
this.lblDirectory.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(8, 96);
this.lblDirectory.Name = "lblDirectory";
this.lblDirectory.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(120, 23);
this.lblDirectory.TabIndex = 3;
this.lblDirectory.Text = "Look In:";
//
// lstFilesFound
//
this.lstFilesFound.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(152, 8);
this.lstFilesFound.Name = "lstFilesFound";
this.lstFilesFound.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(528, 225);
this.lstFilesFound.TabIndex = 1;
//
// cboDirectory
//
this.cboDirectory.DropDownWidth = 112;
this.cboDirectory.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(8, 128);
this.cboDirectory.Name = "cboDirectory";
this.cboDirectory.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(120, 21);
this.cboDirectory.TabIndex = 2;
this.cboDirectory.Text = "ComboBox1";
//
// Form1
//
this.AutoScaleBaseSize = new System.Drawing.Size(5, 13);
this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(688, 277);
this.Controls.Add(this.btnSearch);
this.Controls.Add(this.txtFile);
this.Controls.Add(this.lblFile);
this.Controls.Add(this.lblDirectory);
this.Controls.Add(this.lstFilesFound);
this.Controls.Add(this.cboDirectory);
this.Name = "Form1";
this.Text = "Form1";
this.Load += new System.EventHandler(this.Form1_Load);
this.ResumeLayout(false);
this.PerformLayout();
}
#endregion
/// <summary>
/// The main entry point for the application
/// </summary>
[STAThread]
static void Main()
{
Application.Run(new Form1());
}
private void btnSearch_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
lstFilesFound.Items.Clear();
txtFile.Enabled = false;
cboDirectory.Enabled = false;
btnSearch.Text = "Searching...";
this.Cursor = Cursors.WaitCursor;
Application.DoEvents();
DirSearch(cboDirectory.Text);
btnSearch.Text = "Search";
this.Cursor = Cursors.Default;
txtFile.Enabled = true;
cboDirectory.Enabled = true;
}
private void Form1_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
cboDirectory.Items.Clear();
foreach (string s in Directory.GetLogicalDrives())
{
cboDirectory.Items.Add(s);
}
cboDirectory.Text = "C:\\";
}
void DirSearch(string sDir)
{
try
{
foreach (string d in Directory.GetDirectories(sDir))
{
foreach (string f in Directory.GetFiles(d, txtFile.Text))
{
lstFilesFound.Items.Add(f);
}
DirSearch(d);
}
}
catch (System.Exception excpt)
{
Console.WriteLine(excpt.Message);
}
}
}
}
Here is also a screenshot of the Application Open:
Open Application Image
I am going to add a save button which saves to a specific location when clicked, how would I go about doing this.
A:
If I am understanding it correctly, use a simple I/O operation.
using(StreamWriter writer = new StreamWriter("debug.txt", true))
{
foreach (string item in lstFilesFound.Items)
{
writer.WriteLine(item.ToString());
}
}
Few extra pointers:
In DirSearch, create a variable for Directory.GetDirectories(sDir). Your present code is causing this thing to calculate in every loop. Look for some more similar refactoring code in other areas.
var dirs = Directory.GetDirectories(sDir);
foreach (string d in dirs)
{
var files = Directory.GetFiles(d, txtFile.Text);
foreach (string f in files)
{
lstFilesFound.Items.Add(f);
}
DirSearch(d);
}
Hope it helps.
| mini_pile | {'original_id': 'b669098ac646875e714d2f198b3c1b8fde052d8035150111f5c7b459a238ac1e'} |
Love of the Damned - Chapter Twenty Four
PG-13 for slightly sexual content. The one who loved her seduced her body and mind, making her believe that her choice was right.
Chapter Twenty Four: In Desire
Ana leaned her head against the edge of the tub, the tub of hot water washing over her body. She felt cold. Too cold. Even when she had already set the water temperature to almost the hottest, she shifted her legs, trying to warm her naked body by splashing water on herself. But it only seemed to make her feel colder.
She closed her eyes, and behind her eyelids she remembered the Dream Sequence. With Alexander and Archangel Luke, and the Hooded Stranger. Somehow, there was a connection.
She didn't understand anything. From what the Memory Dreams and the occasional visions told her, she was something inhuman in the year 1600. And she was not on Earth then, she was some kind of… of royalty. People respected her, and she fell in love with someone below her position: Alexander. She concluded that she was sort of princess, when Alex was some kind of commoner or something. The one thing she was absolutely certain was that Alexander was an angel. And she… God, how could she believe this? Maybe she was crazy after all… But she was also an angel in 1600. There was another angel who liked her, Archangel Luke, who thought that he was the most suitable person for her level, and her station.
It's like a badly written soap opera, yet, it was her story.
She slid even lower into the water, wishing that the warm water could consume her and she could sleep forever. Then-
Hands laid on her shoulders, and squeezed them, massaging her stiff shoulders in circles.
Those hands….
"What-" She began groggily.
"Ssh…" Louis' lips were at her ear. And she leaned her head back, eager to take in his warmth. His fingers grazed her cheek. "Ssh… Can I come in with you?"
"I will take that as a 'yes'. Scoot over." He pressed his lips underneath her cheek. When she was still too shocked to move, he pushed her softly. "Come on, you are cold as ice. If I don't come in, you will freeze. Move, honey."
Numbly, she pulled herself forward, and almost immediately he slid in behind her, circling her with his arms.
"Now lean back onto my chest. I will massage you. You will get warm soon enough."
"Louis, I still think-"
He turned her face toward him and pressed a soft kiss onto her lips, his arms and legs wrapped around hers.
"Don't be afraid Ana." He whispered against her lips. "You need me, and I need you too. And I can't have the girl I love freezing to death, can I? Now do you trust me?"
"Yes, I do." She sighed, her eyes fluttering open as his finger traced down her spine. She leaned into his touch, and felt his heat consumed her. "I have never trusted anyone more than you, Louis."
"Good." He whispered back, his hand sliding up her back to her face. He cupped her cold cheeks. "I love you, Anastasia."
He folded his lips on hers, his hand pushing back her hair gently. He was naked, and his body shaped neatly with Ana's. He bent her down, till she was lying on her back in the tub and moved his lips in motion with hers. His hand moved down her neck, to her chest, where he grazed over them with his fingers. It was as if he didn't want her to think he wanted her… in that way. He just wanted to show her he loved her, loved every inch of her body, and all the things that made HER. Ana sighed and closed her eyes in happiness as his lips moved down her neck to press against her rapidly beating heart. Every inch of her was on fire. She gasped as his lips returned to her lips. She gave back as good as she got, forgetting her pain, forgetting Alexander. Only Louis mattered to her now, only Louis…
She put her arms around her shoulders and dug her fingers into his back, her throat arching back in bliss as he kissed her neck. He grazed his lips across her vein, and buried his head on her neck.
She dragged her fingers down his back, and his back arched up. Ana could feel something bumpy rising out of his muscles, something very much like the feathery feelings she got in her dreams. But then, she didn't really know if they were really dreams. She wound her arms across his muscled back, her head tilted back, as he pressed his lips on her collarbone.
"Ana… My sweet, innocent Ana…" Louis murmured. "God, I had fallen in love with you sooner… Then I don't have to do so much to keep you here with me."
Anastasia knew there was a hidden message behind his words. But nothing mattered, nothing mattered when Louis was kissing her with so much need and desperation. She slid her hands over his shoulders and down his rounded chest.
"You don't have to do anything, Louis. I am here, aren't I?" She clutched at his skin, causing him to let out a low hiss. "I love you, Louis. And I want you. I never wanted anyone like I wanted you. Please, Louis take me."
He was frozen in shock. His lips were still on her throat, and his arms were tight around her. When she wanted to move away so he could absorb her straight-forward request, he held her tighter.
"No, don't move." He whispered. "Just… just let me calm myself down."
"Okay. You can let go of me, Louis. I won't go anywhere."
He looked down upon her, and grazed his finger across the cooling water, making a little splash around them. He pressed his palms on either side of her, and folded his lips upon hers softly.
"That's where you are wrong, Ana. You ran from me once, and you have run from me ever since. You always ran before I could tell you anything."
She breathed deeply, her eyes closed, she was burning and burning. The feel of his naked muscles pressed against her, and she could remember being in this position before, a long time ago, with-
With Alexander
Her eyes flew open, and she let out a gasp. Louis' eyes widened in shock, and he grasped her shoulders.
"Damn it, Ana." He held her, "are you going to run this time? Is that what you are doing now?"
Cheating on Alexander. You are cheating on Alexander.
Cheating on a man who loves you. Who would do anything for you.
Anastasia, don't do it. Don't give yourself to a man who does not deserve you.
Remember Alexander, sweet Anastasia.
The babble of voices in her head made her dizzy. Then Louis kissed her again, and the voices went away like a sore throat.
"Oh my God." She breathed.
"Ana, don't be afraid." Louis whispered, looking into her eyes. "Is it Alexander? Is that why you are so unsure of yourself?"
"I hardly know."
He heaved a sigh, and moved to climb out of the tub, but she pulled him back down against her body, and pressed her lips on his.
"There is one thing I do know, Louis, is that I need you. And I am in love with you, and with no one else."
"That is all I needed to hear, God help me."
Their arms wrapped around each other, their lips pressing and crushing. Ana clutched at his back, rolling so that Louis was beneath her.
"I love you." They both murmured, and chuckled.
His lips moved down her neck, to her chest, where he rested his head in the valley between them. She arched her back, and pressed her breast against him.
"My Louis." She breathed.
His hands moved down her chest to her flat stomach, and his lips followed. She moved to a sitting position, bringing Louis with her. He dragged a hand down her spine, and then approached the softness between her legs.
Ana, don't do this to him…
…He kissed his way down her belly to her thigh…
Anastasia, listen to us. Just listen. Get out of the tub now!
…His lips moved closer to her inner side…
…She put her hands on the back of his head and closed her eyes, welcoming unknown pleasure…
And then as his lips pressed against her inner thigh, the closest spot to her inner side, she pressed his head to her.
"I don't care." She whispered into the steamy air, sure that Louis wouldn't ever hear when he is so consumed by desire. "I don't care. This is my choice."
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Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen
Fürstin zu Fürstenberg-Fürstenberg
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen Geschlecht weiblich
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen Geburtsort Hechingen
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen Sterbeort Hechingen
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen ist ein(e) Mensch
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen Bild Adel im Wandel367l.jpg
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen Geburtsdatum 1760
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen Sterbedatum 1797
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen Vorname Maria, Ordnungsnummer 1
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen Vorname Antonia, Ordnungsnummer 2
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen Vorname Anna, Ordnungsnummer 3
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen Vater Josef Friedrich Wilhelm
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen genealogics.org-Personenkennung I00285921
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen WikiTree-Kennung Von_Hohenzollern-Hechingen-28, genannt als Maria Antonia Anna zu Fürstenberg (von Hohenzollern-Hechingen) (10 Nov 1760 - 25 Jul 1797)
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen Google-Knowledge-Graph-Kennung /g/12135qf_
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen Familienname von Hohenzollern-Hechingen
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen Commons-Kategorie Maria Antonia of Hohenzollern-Hechingen
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen FactGrid-Objektkennung Q509836
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen sesso o genere femmina
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen luogo di nascita Hechingen
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen luogo di morte Hechingen
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen istanza di umano
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen immagine Adel im Wandel367l.jpg
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen data di nascita 1760
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen data di morte 1797
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen prenome Maria, numero d'ordine 1
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen prenome Antonia, numero d'ordine 2
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen prenome Anna, numero d'ordine 3
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen padre Giuseppe Federico Guglielmo di Hohenzollern-Hechingen
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen identificativo genealogics.org di una persona I00285921
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen identificativo WikiTree Von_Hohenzollern-Hechingen-28, soggetto indicato come Maria Antonia Anna zu Fürstenberg (von Hohenzollern-Hechingen) (10 Nov 1760 - 25 Jul 1797)
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen identificativo Google Knowledge Graph /g/12135qf_
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen cognome von Hohenzollern-Hechingen
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen categoria su Commons Maria Antonia of Hohenzollern-Hechingen
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen identificativo FactGrid di un elemento Q509836
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen sekse of geslacht vrouwelijk
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen geboorteplaats Hechingen
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen overlijdensplaats Hechingen
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen is een mens
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen afbeelding Adel im Wandel367l.jpg
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen geboortedatum 1760
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen overlijdensdatum 1797
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen voornaam Maria, volgnummer 1
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen voornaam Antonia, volgnummer 2
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen voornaam Anna, volgnummer 3
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen vader Jozef Frederik Willem van Hohenzollern-Hechingen
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen genealogics.org-identificatiecode voor persoon I00285921
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen WikiTree-identificatiecode Von_Hohenzollern-Hechingen-28, genoemd als Maria Antonia Anna zu Fürstenberg (von Hohenzollern-Hechingen) (10 Nov 1760 - 25 Jul 1797)
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen Google Knowledge Graph-identificatiecode /g/12135qf_
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen familienaam von Hohenzollern-Hechingen
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen Commonscategorie Maria Antonia of Hohenzollern-Hechingen
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen FactGrid-identificatiecode voor item Q509836
Мария Антония Анна Гогенцоллерн-Гехинген
немецкая принцесса
Мария Антония Анна Гогенцоллерн-Гехинген пол или гендер женский пол
Мария Антония Анна Гогенцоллерн-Гехинген место рождения Хехинген
Мария Антония Анна Гогенцоллерн-Гехинген место смерти Хехинген
Мария Антония Анна Гогенцоллерн-Гехинген это частный случай понятия человек
Мария Антония Анна Гогенцоллерн-Гехинген изображение Adel im Wandel367l.jpg
Мария Антония Анна Гогенцоллерн-Гехинген дата рождения 1760
Мария Антония Анна Гогенцоллерн-Гехинген дата смерти 1797
Мария Антония Анна Гогенцоллерн-Гехинген личное имя Мария, порядковый номер 1
Мария Антония Анна Гогенцоллерн-Гехинген личное имя Антония, порядковый номер 2
Мария Антония Анна Гогенцоллерн-Гехинген личное имя Анна, порядковый номер 3
Мария Антония Анна Гогенцоллерн-Гехинген отец Иосиф Фридрих Вильгельм Гогенцоллерн-Гехинген
Мария Антония Анна Гогенцоллерн-Гехинген код персоны на genealogics.org I00285921
Мария Антония Анна Гогенцоллерн-Гехинген код персоны на WikiTree Von_Hohenzollern-Hechingen-28, назван как Maria Antonia Anna zu Fürstenberg (von Hohenzollern-Hechingen) (10 Nov 1760 - 25 Jul 1797)
Мария Антония Анна Гогенцоллерн-Гехинген код в Google Knowledge Graph /g/12135qf_
Мария Антония Анна Гогенцоллерн-Гехинген категория на Викискладе Maria Antonia of Hohenzollern-Hechingen
Мария Антония Анна Гогенцоллерн-Гехинген код статьи в FactGrid Q509836
Μαρία-Αντωνία-Άννα του Χοεντσόλερν-Χέχινγκεν
Μαρία-Αντωνία-Άννα του Χοεντσόλερν-Χέχινγκεν φύλο γυναίκα
Μαρία-Αντωνία-Άννα του Χοεντσόλερν-Χέχινγκεν τόπος γέννησης Χέχινγκεν
Μαρία-Αντωνία-Άννα του Χοεντσόλερν-Χέχινγκεν τόπος θανάτου Χέχινγκεν
Μαρία-Αντωνία-Άννα του Χοεντσόλερν-Χέχινγκεν είναι άνθρωπος
Μαρία-Αντωνία-Άννα του Χοεντσόλερν-Χέχινγκεν εικόνα Adel im Wandel367l.jpg
Μαρία-Αντωνία-Άννα του Χοεντσόλερν-Χέχινγκεν ημερομηνία γέννησης 1760
Μαρία-Αντωνία-Άννα του Χοεντσόλερν-Χέχινγκεν ημερομηνία θανάτου 1797
Μαρία-Αντωνία-Άννα του Χοεντσόλερν-Χέχινγκεν μικρό όνομα Μαρία, αριθμός στη σειρά 1
Μαρία-Αντωνία-Άννα του Χοεντσόλερν-Χέχινγκεν μικρό όνομα Αντονία, αριθμός στη σειρά 2
Μαρία-Αντωνία-Άννα του Χοεντσόλερν-Χέχινγκεν μικρό όνομα Άννα, αριθμός στη σειρά 3
Μαρία-Αντωνία-Άννα του Χοεντσόλερν-Χέχινγκεν πατέρας Ιωσήφ Φρειδερίκος Γουλιέλμος του Χοεντσόλερν-Χέχινγκεν
Μαρία-Αντωνία-Άννα του Χοεντσόλερν-Χέχινγκεν κωδικός αναφοράς Google Knowledge Graph /g/12135qf_
Μαρία-Αντωνία-Άννα του Χοεντσόλερν-Χέχινγκεν κατηγορία στα Commons Maria Antonia of Hohenzollern-Hechingen
Мария Антония Анна фон Хоенцолерн-Хехинген
Мария Антония Анна фон Хоенцолерн-Хехинген пол женски
Мария Антония Анна фон Хоенцолерн-Хехинген място на раждане Хехинген
Мария Антония Анна фон Хоенцолерн-Хехинген място на смърт Хехинген
Мария Антония Анна фон Хоенцолерн-Хехинген екземпляр на човек
Мария Антония Анна фон Хоенцолерн-Хехинген изображение Adel im Wandel367l.jpg
Мария Антония Анна фон Хоенцолерн-Хехинген дата на раждане 1760
Мария Антония Анна фон Хоенцолерн-Хехинген дата на смърт 1797
Мария Антония Анна фон Хоенцолерн-Хехинген собствено име Мария, пореден номер 1
Мария Антония Анна фон Хоенцолерн-Хехинген собствено име Антония, пореден номер 2
Мария Антония Анна фон Хоенцолерн-Хехинген собствено име Анна, пореден номер 3
Мария Антония Анна фон Хоенцолерн-Хехинген баща Йозеф Фридрих Вилхелм (Хоенцолерн-Хехинген)
Мария Антония Анна фон Хоенцолерн-Хехинген категория в Общомедия Maria Antonia of Hohenzollern-Hechingen
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen sexu femenín
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen llugar de nacimientu Hechingen
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen llugar de fallecimientu Hechingen
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen instancia de humanu
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen imaxe Adel im Wandel367l.jpg
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen fecha de nacimientu 1760
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen data de la muerte 1797
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen nome Maria, orde dientro la serie 1
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen nome Antonia, orde dientro la serie 2
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen nome Anna, orde dientro la serie 3
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen identificador WikiTree Von_Hohenzollern-Hechingen-28, apaez como Maria Antonia Anna zu Fürstenberg (von Hohenzollern-Hechingen) (10 Nov 1760 - 25 Jul 1797)
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen apellíu von Hohenzollern-Hechingen
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen categoría de Commons Maria Antonia of Hohenzollern-Hechingen
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen sexo o género femenino
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen lugar de nacimiento Hechingen
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen lugar de fallecimiento Hechingen
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen instancia de ser humano
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen imagen Adel im Wandel367l.jpg
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen fecha de nacimiento 1760
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen fecha de fallecimiento 1797
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen nombre de pila Maria, orden dentro de la serie 1
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen nombre de pila Antonia, orden dentro de la serie 2
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen nombre de pila Anna, orden dentro de la serie 3
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen padre José Federico Guillermo de Hohenzollern-Hechingen
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen identificador genealogics.org de persona I00285921
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen identificador WikiTree Von_Hohenzollern-Hechingen-28, registrado como Maria Antonia Anna zu Fürstenberg (von Hohenzollern-Hechingen) (10 Nov 1760 - 25 Jul 1797)
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen identificador Google Knowledge Graph /g/12135qf_
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen apellido von Hohenzollern-Hechingen
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen categoría en Commons Maria Antonia of Hohenzollern-Hechingen
Maria Antonia Anna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen identificador de elemento en FactGrid Q509836
Marie Antonie Anna z Hohenzollern-Hechingenu
Marie Antonie Anna z Hohenzollern-Hechingenu pohlaví žena
Marie Antonie Anna z Hohenzollern-Hechingenu místo narození Hechingen
Marie Antonie Anna z Hohenzollern-Hechingenu místo úmrtí Hechingen
Marie Antonie Anna z Hohenzollern-Hechingenu instance (čeho) člověk
Marie Antonie Anna z Hohenzollern-Hechingenu obrázek Adel im Wandel367l.jpg
Marie Antonie Anna z Hohenzollern-Hechingenu datum narození 1760
Marie Antonie Anna z Hohenzollern-Hechingenu datum úmrtí 1797
Marie Antonie Anna z Hohenzollern-Hechingenu rodné jméno Maria, pořadové číslo 1
Marie Antonie Anna z Hohenzollern-Hechingenu rodné jméno Antonia, pořadové číslo 2
Marie Antonie Anna z Hohenzollern-Hechingenu rodné jméno Anna, pořadové číslo 3
Marie Antonie Anna z Hohenzollern-Hechingenu otec Josef Bedřich z Hohenzollern-Hechingenu
Marie Antonie Anna z Hohenzollern-Hechingenu identifikátor osoby na genealogics.org I00285921
Marie Antonie Anna z Hohenzollern-Hechingenu identifikátor WikiTree Von_Hohenzollern-Hechingen-28, uveden jako Maria Antonia Anna zu Fürstenberg (von Hohenzollern-Hechingen) (10 Nov 1760 - 25 Jul 1797)
Marie Antonie Anna z Hohenzollern-Hechingenu identifikátor v Google Knowledge Graph /g/12135qf_
Marie Antonie Anna z Hohenzollern-Hechingenu příjmení von Hohenzollern-Hechingen
Marie Antonie Anna z Hohenzollern-Hechingenu kategorie na Commons Maria Antonia of Hohenzollern-Hechingen
Maria Antonia of Hohenzollern-Hechingen
(1760-1797)
Maria Antonia of Hohenzollern-Hechingen sex or gender female
Maria Antonia of Hohenzollern-Hechingen place of birth Hechingen
Maria Antonia of Hohenzollern-Hechingen place of death Hechingen
Maria Antonia of Hohenzollern-Hechingen instance of human
Maria Antonia of Hohenzollern-Hechingen image Adel im Wandel367l.jpg
Maria Antonia of Hohenzollern-Hechingen date of birth 1760
Maria Antonia of Hohenzollern-Hechingen date of death 1797
Maria Antonia of Hohenzollern-Hechingen given name Maria, series ordinal 1
Maria Antonia of Hohenzollern-Hechingen given name Antonia, series ordinal 2
Maria Antonia of Hohenzollern-Hechingen given name Anna, series ordinal 3
Maria Antonia of Hohenzollern-Hechingen father Joseph Frederick William
Maria Antonia of Hohenzollern-Hechingen genealogics.org person ID I00285921
Maria Antonia of Hohenzollern-Hechingen WikiTree person ID Von_Hohenzollern-Hechingen-28, subject named as Maria Antonia Anna zu Fürstenberg (von Hohenzollern-Hechingen) (10 Nov 1760 - 25 Jul 1797)
Maria Antonia of Hohenzollern-Hechingen Google Knowledge Graph ID /g/12135qf_
Maria Antonia of Hohenzollern-Hechingen family name von Hohenzollern-Hechingen
Maria Antonia of Hohenzollern-Hechingen Commons category Maria Antonia of Hohenzollern-Hechingen
Maria Antonia of Hohenzollern-Hechingen FactGrid item ID Q509836 | common_corpus | {'identifier': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1895667', 'collection': 'Wikidata', 'open_type': 'Semantic data', 'license': 'CC0', 'date': '', 'title': 'Maria Antonia of Hohenzollern-Hechingen', 'creator': 'None', 'language': 'Multilingual', 'language_type': 'Semantic data', 'word_count': '1573', 'token_count': '4897', '__index_level_0__': '16469', 'original_id': '25449fd6268ef4c27cc763495ffc8f6c6c95efb6855cc100f1d760b0dd6bfed8'} |
Q:
Can't upload media, permissions are correct
I did a manual backup and re-install of a WP site, and it worked fine. Then my client updated some plugins, regretted it and asked me to restore the site to its previous state. I used the same backup I had from the first time, but now it turns out my client can't upload media.
I go to the site to try and upload an image and I get no error messages, as if the image had uploaded just fine. But I get a broken image icon instead of the usual preview, and if I follow the image link I get a 'page not found (404)'. The URL path is were the image should have been uploaded to, but checking the FTP folder the image is not there.
All folders have 755 permissions (all files are 644). I tried changing the folders' to 777 (just for test) but to no avail. I still get a broken image icon and no image uploads to the actual folder.
The only place I can see the image is if I go to the edit option (and click edit again) I can see it in the editing textarea. And if I open that same image in a new tab the URL is something like mysite.com/blog/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=imgedit-preview[...].
I searched some questions before posting, but most were solved changing permissions back and forth, or it was an issue between user and owner permissions. I tried the first and didn't work, and the second doesn't really apply to me, I think, because the first time I did the install the site was working fine under the same user as now. The problem is pretty much the same as this question, except I have no .htaccess file in the way.
Does anyone have an idea of what the problem could be?
A:
I found the problem. In settings > media the folder for uploads was actually pointing to a different path. Once I redirected it to wp-content/uploads it all worked.
A:
If you moved your page from one host to another - check if your Upload path is correct to your new host (and not a leftover from previous host)
Navigate to:
http://YOURDOMAIN/wp-admin/options.php
Find the field for "upload_path" and cross check.
| mini_pile | {'original_id': 'b24c099e4482d398778cb258a33c624eee6aacca578e8c3878568ff96ce7875a'} |
On demande fbuvent avec quelle difpolïtion il faut offrir le facrifice de la loi nouvelle, c'eft à dire , celui de la Meilè , & par conféquent avec quelle difpo(îtion il y fautaflifter; puis quo» jtaffre en y affiftant. Et voici Jésus Christ qui l'enfeigneexprelîement, -Il le faut offrir, félon lui, en efprit & en vérité. Voilà ce qui nous peut ren-, d-re vrais adorateurs. Or qu eft-ce que l'offrir en efprit : Jn fpiritu î L'Apôtre fàintPaul nous Taprend, lors qu'il dit cju (àcrifice de la croix , que Jésus SZ H R l s Ts'eft offert Iny-mime a DieH larle fatnt Efprit , comme une vittime Ttn? tache : Qui per Spiritum fanttum ïemetipfum obmlit immaculatam Deo. ' **** Aip/I le fkrifice de nos Aureis n'étanj Digitized by Google !4o5 Sur r.EvAnglle dtt Vendredi, <jue la continuation de Poblation de la même vi&inte offerte fur la croix , & Jesus-Chmst l'y offrant encore fur la terre comme il Ta offerte fur le Calvai 9 & comme il l'offre dans le ciel , il clair que pour y être adorateurs en jefprit comme lui , il faut l'offrir par le ïaint Efprit, c'eft à dire, par l'efprit de charité & d'amour. Sans cela on ne jpeut être qu'un faux adorateur, foit iqu on l'offre comme Prêtre , foit que Ton coopère au facrifice en qualité d'afïïftant. On ne dit pas que tous ceux en qui le fàint Efprit n'habite pas en core, & qui ne font pas juftifiez, fbient de faux adorateurs. Il fiiffit que le faint Efprit remue leurs coeurs 5 & qu'il les porte à offrir Jesus-Christ par T quelque mouvement de charité , quoi qu'elle ne foit pas encore juftifiante. Mais il n'y a point d'adoration ni de fa crifice de la loi nouvelle , quand il n J y a point du tout d'amour ; & tous j ceux qui en font abfblument privez , qui n'ont aucun defir de quiter le pé ché & de fe convertir , ne fauroient of frir à Dieu qu'un culte judaïque. Il efl! vrai que l'adoration & le culte rendu *'^ ieu par le facr ifice de nos a utels eft| Digitized by Google _ I 1 ^TaTlI.Jtm.de Carême. 407 jloujours un culte & un facrifice de la [loi nouvelle : mais il Peft parce que J e s u s-C hrist s'y offre toujours comme premier & fouverain Prêtre ; parce que toute l'Eglifè coopère & fe joint toujours à cette oblation : mais de la part de ceux qui afïiftent (ans amour à ce facrifice > ce n'eft point un culte de la loi nouvelle , mais un culte jde Samaritains ou de Juifs fans efprit &C /ans vérité, ! VIII. Jesus-Chrïst joint à ce pre mier cara&ére du facrifice de la loinou jvelle, quieft qu'il doit être offert enef [prit y ce qui le diftinguedu culte judaL que , un autre cara&ére qui eft qu'il doit être offert inveritate, en vf.rite' : c eft à dire qu'il doit être offert fans er reur & fans fuperftition , ce qui le du ! ftingue de celui des Samaritains, qui étoit mêlé d'erreurs. Et cette condL ; tion ne distingue pas feulement le culte des Chrétiens orthodoxes de celui de cps focietez hérétiques qui ont retenu le facrifice , comme toutes les fociétez ; hérétiques d'Orient ; mais elle diftiiïj ' ; g«e dans l'Eglife même les vrais Ca*r ' triques , dpnrla foi eft prç & en* u 1 Digitized by Google 4°? Sur PEvd.du Vendredi, é*c* tiére par leur parfaite fburaijîion à lï lifè, des Catholiques de nom , qui dans a profeflîon extérieure de la vraie foi , fe laiflent aller dans leur cceur à des opinions erronées* Tous ces gens n'ont j point de paît à ce (àcrifice de la loi j nouvelle qui doit être offert en cf~ frit & tn vérité y i N fpirittt & ve ritate. Comme il n'y a qu'un ed prit , il n'y a qu'une foi. Cependant on ne vit jamais tant de libertinage d'opi nions , tant de (yftêmes fondez ou fur l'ignorance de la vraie foi, ou fur la négligence de s'en inftmire , ou fur un examen téméraire des décidons de L'E glife. On ne voit que des gens qui fè font une foi à part, & qui forment de nouveaux alfèmblages de dogmes qui leur font particuliers : & c'eft ce qui efl; exclus par cette condition du vrai culte & de la vraie adoration qui doit être en efprit& en vérité. i 4— SUR Digitizêd by Go ogle Digitized by Google Digitized by Google Digitized by Google (igitized by Google Dl gitized by Google V Digitized by Go ) I I Digitized by Google. | common_corpus | {'identifier': 'bub_gb_tSXfG6CNvn4C_12', 'collection': 'French-PD-diverse', 'open_type': 'Open Culture', 'license': 'Public Domain', 'date': '1688.0', 'title': "Continuation des Essais de morale. Tome sixie'me. Contenant des reflexions morales sur les Epitres & Evangiles, depuis le Mercredi des Cendres jusqu'au Samedi de la semaine de Pâque inclusivement", 'creator': 'Pierre Nicole', 'language': 'French', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '793', 'token_count': '1257', '__index_level_0__': '9342', 'original_id': 'c79957a203de4f4fd8ed02ee63e04fb3e46e9e008b62b8f61d43db6b8cc23714'} |
Q:
Where would you use a friend function vs. a static member function?
We make a non-member function a friend of a class when we want it to access that class's private members. This gives it the same access rights as a static member function would have. Both alternatives would give you a function that is not associated with any instance of that class.
When must we use a friend function? When must we use a static function? If both are viable options to solve a problem, how do we weigh up their suitability? Is there one that should be preferred by default?
For example, when implementing a factory that creates instances of class foo which only has a private constructor, should that factory function be a static member of foo (you would call foo::create()) or should it be a friend function (you would call create_foo())?
A:
Section 11.5 "The C++ Programming Language" by Bjarne Stroustrup states that ordinary member functions get 3 things:
access to internals of class
are in the scope of the class
must be invoked on an instance
friends get only 1.
static functions get 1 and 2.
A:
The question seems to address the situation where the programmer needs to introduce a function that does not work on any instance of a class (hence the possibility of choosing a static member function). Therefore, I will limit this answer to the following design situation, where the choice is between a static function f() and a friend free function f():
struct A
{
static void f(); // Better this...
private:
friend void f(); // ...or this?
static int x;
};
int A::x = 0;
void A::f() // Defines static function
{
cout << x;
}
void f() // Defines friend free function
{
cout << A::x;
}
int main()
{
A::f(); // Invokes static function
f(); // Invokes friend free function
}
Without knowing anything in advance about the semantics of f() and A (I'll come back to this later), this limited scenario has an easy answer: the static function is preferable. I see two reasons for this.
GENERIC ALGORITHMS:
The main reason is that a template such as the following can be written:
template<typename T> void g() { T::f(); }
If we had two or more classes that have a static function f() on their interface, this would allow us writing one single function that invokes f() generically on any such class.
There is no way to write an equivalent generic function if we make f() a free, non-member function. Although it is true that we could put f() into a namespace, so that the N::f() syntax could be used to mimic the A::f() syntax, it would still be impossible to write a template function such as g<>() above, because namespace names are not valid template arguments.
REDUNDANT DECLARATIONS:
The second reason is that if we were to put the free function f() in a namespace, we would not be allowed to inline its definition directly in the class definition without introducing any other declaration for f():
struct A
{
static void f() { cout << x; } // OK
private:
friend void N::f() { cout << x; } // ERROR
static int x;
};
In order to fix the above, we would to preceed the definition of class A with the following declaration:
namespace N
{
void f(); // Declaration of f() inside namespace N
}
struct A
{
...
private:
friend void N::f() { cout << x; } // OK
...
};
This, however, defeats our intention of having f() declared and defined in just one place.
Moreover, if we wanted to declare and define f() separately while keeping f() in a namespace, we would still have to introduce a declaration for f() before the class definition for A: failing to do so would cause the compiler to complain about the fact that f() had to be declared inside namespace N before the name N::f could be used legally.
Thus, we would now have f() mentioned in three separate places rather than just two (declaration and definition):
The declaration inside namespace N before A's definition;
The friend declaration inside A's definition;
The definition of f() inside namespace N.
The reason why the declaration and definition of f() inside N cannot be joined (in general) is that f() is supposed to access the internals of A and, therefore, A's definition must be seen when f() is defined. Yet, as previously said, f()'s declaration inside N must be seen before the corresponding friend declaration inside of A is made. This effectively forces us to split the declaration and the definition of f().
SEMANTIC CONSIDERATIONS:
While the above two points are universally valid, there are reasons why one might prefer declaring f() as static over making it a friend of A or vice versa which are driven by the universe of discourse.
To clarify, it is important to stress the fact that a member function of a class, whether it is static or non-static, is logically part of that class. It contributes to its definition and thus provides a conceptual characterization of it.
On the other hand, a friend function, in spite of being granted access to the internal members of the class it is friend of, is still an algorithm which is logically external to the definition of the class.
A function can be friend of more than one class, but it can be member of just one.
Thus, in a particular application domain, the designer may want to keep into consideration the semantics of both the function and the class when deciding whether to make the former a friend or a member of the latter (this applies not only to static functions, but to non-static functions as well, where other language constraints may intervene).
Does the function logically contribute to characterize a class and/or its behavior, or is it rather an external algorithm? This question can't be answered without knowledge of the particular application domain.
TASTE:
I believe that any argument other the ones just given stems purely from a matter of taste: both the free friend and the static member approach, in fact, allow to clearly state what the interface of a class is into one single spot (the class's definition), so design-wise they are equivalent (modulo the above observations, of course).
The remaining differences are stylistic: whether we want to write the static keyword or the friend keyword when declaring a function, and whether we want to write the A:: class scope qualifier when defining the class rather than the N:: namespace scope qualifier. Thus, I will not comment further on this.
A:
The difference is clearly expressing the intent of the relationship between the class and the function.
You use friend when you want to intentionally indicate a strong coupling and special relationship between two unrelated classes or between a class and a function.
You use static member function when the function is logically a part of the class to which it is a member.
| mini_pile | {'original_id': 'ad7045811c50509188ebe57551db6826afba41eb4f9a27275998d73ed2b7158a'} |
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
When women and men of all backgrounds and beliefs are free to practice their faiths without fear or coercion, it bolsters our religious communities and helps to lift up diverse and vibrant societies throughout our world. In America, our Nation is stronger because we welcome and respect people of all faiths, and because we protect the fundamental right of all peoples to practice their faith how they choose, to change their faith, or to practice no faith at all, and to do so free from persecution and discrimination. Today, as we pause in solemn reflection, we celebrate the religious liberty we cherish here at home, and we recommit to standing up for religious freedom around the world.
For many of us, prayer is an important expression of faith—an essential act of worship and a daily discipline that allows reflection, provides guidance, and offers solace. Through prayer we find the strength to do God's work: to feed the hungry, care for the poor, comfort the afflicted, and make peace where there is strife. In times of uncertainty or tragedy, Americans offer humble supplications for comfort for those who mourn, for healing for those who are sick, and for protection for those who are in harm's way. When we pray, we are reminded that we are not alone—our hope is a common hope, our pain is shared, and we are all children of God.
Around the globe, too few know the protections we enjoy in America. Millions of individuals worldwide are subjected to discrimination, abuse, and sanctioned violence simply for exercising their religion or choosing not to claim a faith. Communities are threatened with genocide and driven from their homelands because of who they are or how they pray. The United States will continue to stand against these reprehensible attacks, work to end them, and protect religious freedom throughout the world. And we remember those who are prisoners of conscience—who are held unjustly because of their faiths or beliefs—and we will take every action within our power to secure their release.
In the face of tremendous challenges, prayer is a powerful force for peace, justice, and a brighter, more hopeful tomorrow. Today, as we join together in fellowship, we seek to see our own reflection in the struggle of others, to be our brothers' and sisters' keepers, and to keep faith—in one another, in the promise of our Nation, and in the Almighty.
The Congress, by Public Law 100-307, as amended, has called on the President to issue each year a proclamation designating the first Thursday in May as a "National Day of Prayer."
Now, Therefore, I, Barack Obama
, President of the United States of America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and the laws of the United States, do hereby proclaim May 7, 2015, as a National Day of Prayer. I invite the citizens of our Nation to give thanks, in accordance with their own faiths and consciences, for our many freedoms and blessings, and I join all people of faith in asking for God's continued guidance, mercy, and protection as we seek a more just world.
In Witness Whereof
, I have hereunto set my hand this sixth day of May, in the year of our Lord two thousand fifteen, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and thirty-ninth.
BARACK OBAMA | the_stack | {'hexsha': '89289eebc394dc609c9c5427f534bf5c7612fead', 'size': '3348', 'ext': 'txt', 'lang': 'Text', 'max_stars_repo_path': 'corpus/20150506_Proclamations_BO.txt', 'max_stars_repo_name': 'rvaughan/government_corpus', 'max_stars_repo_head_hexsha': '25e5db5b6075250aa774ea6575afc3e6736969c2', 'max_stars_repo_licenses': "['MIT']", 'max_stars_count': '5', 'max_stars_repo_stars_event_min_datetime': '2018-07-31T13:14:12.000Z', 'max_stars_repo_stars_event_max_datetime': '2021-12-12T22:30:11.000Z', 'max_issues_repo_path': 'corpus/20150506_Proclamations_BO.txt', 'max_issues_repo_name': 'rvaughan/government_corpus', 'max_issues_repo_head_hexsha': '25e5db5b6075250aa774ea6575afc3e6736969c2', 'max_issues_repo_licenses': "['MIT']", 'max_issues_count': '', 'max_issues_repo_issues_event_min_datetime': '', 'max_issues_repo_issues_event_max_datetime': '', 'max_forks_repo_path': 'corpus/20150506_Proclamations_BO.txt', 'max_forks_repo_name': 'rvaughan/government_corpus', 'max_forks_repo_head_hexsha': '25e5db5b6075250aa774ea6575afc3e6736969c2', 'max_forks_repo_licenses': "['MIT']", 'max_forks_count': '6', 'max_forks_repo_forks_event_min_datetime': '2018-07-31T06:40:38.000Z', 'max_forks_repo_forks_event_max_datetime': '2021-02-05T03:17:23.000Z', 'avg_line_length': '279.0', 'max_line_length': '692', 'alphanum_fraction': '0.800776583', 'original_id': 'db89240b468121efd0f5c05c879df4cc9ce8e9da50cb46828fc26287da14ef20'} |
Walbro WT-603 High-performance butterfly carburetor with integrated choke. 2 jets (independent high and low), 15.88mm bore, 12.7mm venturi. SAME AS WT-668, WT-997
SKU WT-603
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BSD DevCenter
oreilly.comSafari Books Online.Conferences.
Building a Desktop Firewall
by Dru Lavigne
Everyone knows that you should be behind a firewall whenever you go online. However, not everyone knows that it's easy to create a personal firewall for a FreeBSD (or PC-BSD or DesktopBSD) system. This article shows how even a casual home user can get a firewall up and running in about ten minutes.
The Software
Like all of the BSDs, FreeBSD has always been security conscious. It offers several built-in firewalls to choose from: ipfw, ipf, and pf. I use pf because it is built into all of the BSDs, including OpenBSD, NetBSD, and DragonFly BSD.
I also recommend using a GUI firewall editor called fwbuilder. While my examples will demonstrate this utility from a FreeBSD system, it is available for Linux, Mac OS X, and Windows XP and supports iptables, ipfilter, pf and ipfw.
pf comes with FreeBSD, but double-check that it is loaded on your system by typing the following as the superuser:
# kldload pf.ko
If you get your prompt back, you just loaded it manually. If you're in the habit of turning off your computer, add a line to /etc/rc.conf to reload pf when your system boots:
If you instead get an error like:
kldload: can't load pf.ko: File exists
it means that your system is already configured to load pf for you.
Become the superuser and install fwbuilder:
# pkg_add -r fwbuilder
# rehash
# fwbuilder
The fwbuilder command will open up the Welcome to Firewall Builder screen. A prompt will ask if you want to open an existing project file or create a new one. Click on the Create new project file button and give it a filename; the program will add the .fwb extension. Click on the Next button to proceed.
The next screen offers two possibilities:
• Activate Revision Control system for this file (if you don't do this now, you can always activate it later)
• Let the program automatically open this file when you start it next time (you can activate this option later using Preferences dialog)
Revision control is a very good thing. Every time you start fwbuilder, it maintains a copy of your existing project file (i.e., your last session). This gives you a history of all of your sessions. More importantly, if you mess things up, you can go back to a previous working session. I recommend selecting both options, then pressing Finish.
Configuring the Firewall Object
This will take you to the fwbuilder GUI, which is divided into two main sections. The left frame contains an Object tree and the right frame contains your firewall rules (after you have defined some objects). Using objects is a very powerful visual aid, allowing you to quickly see your networks, computers, and services, and to cut and paste these objects into firewall rules.
The first object you create should represent your firewall. Click on the New Object icon (it looks like a sheet of paper) and select New Firewall from the drop-down menu. Give your firewall a name (I called mine my_firewall), select PF from the drop-down menu of firewall software, and click Next. Keep the default to Configure interfaces manually, and press Next.
You should see a screen like Figure 1.
your new firewall
Figure 1. Your new firewall
Note: if your screen doesn't include the Netmask and MAC options, you didn't start fwbuilder as the superuser. Only the superuser can create firewall objects and firewall rules.
Be sure to Add the interface information for each NIC in your computer as well as the loopback. If your firewall will protect only your personal computer, you need only one physical NIC installed in your computer. If you wish your computer to provide NAT to other computer(s) on your home network, you need to have two NICs installed.
If your ISP assigns you a DHCP address, check the Dynamic address option. Otherwise, enter your static IP address and subnet mask.
To determine the FreeBSD names of your interfaces as well as the associated IP addressing information, type:
# ifconfig
inet netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast
ether 00:04:75:ee:e0:21
media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
status: active
inet netmask 0xff000000
With my information, I entered into the New Firewall screen:
Name: xl0
Address: (greyed out because I checked Dynamic address)
Netmask: (greyed out because I checked Dynamic address)
MAC: 00:04:75:ee:e0:21
Label: external
Name: lo0
MAC: (leave empty)
Label: loopback
When choosing a label, "external" is good for the NIC you use to access the internet, and "internal" is good for the NIC attached to your home network. If you need to add a static subnet mask, you must first convert that hex number (0xffffff00, for example) to decimal. Ignore the 0x, as that simply indicates a hex number. What remains is four pairs of numbers: ff ff ff 00. ff is easy; it represents 255, and 00 represents 0, so this mask is: If you have a pair that isn't an ff or a 00, use a conversion table:
Hex Decimal
80 128
c0 192
e0 224
f0 240
f8 248
fc 252
fe 254
Note to users of modems: your interface name will be either ppp0 or tun0. Running ifconfig while connected to the internet will make it easier to spot your IP address.
Once you've entered the information for a NIC, click Add and repeat for each of your NIC(s). When finished, click on the Finish button. The Firewall properties menu will stay open for you, but you can close it to keep the defaults. If you take a look at your Object tree, it now contains some new objects: one for your firewall and one for each interface you defined.
You have one last change to finish the firewall object--marking one of the interfaces as a Management interface. For a personal firewall, it should be the loopback. Double-click your loopback object and check the Management interface box, then close that screen.
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Feature Control Frame
A geometric tolerance is specified in the feature control frame. The following elements are written in the feature control frame.
Feature control frame
Geometrical characteristic symbol
Write the type of geometric tolerance.
Diameter symbol (when needed)
The geometric characteristics that need to be specified are as follows:
Area inside a circle on a two-dimensional plane: position, concentricity
Area inside a cylinder in three-dimensional space: straightness, parallelism, perpendicularity, angularity, position, coaxiality
Area inside a sphere in three-dimensional space: position
Geometric tolerance value
Tolerance value. The unit is the millimeter (mm).
Material requirement, common tolerance zone, etc.
Typical indications include (maximum material requirement), (least material requirement), and CZ (common [tolerance] zone). Others include and .
Priority datum
The designer can specify as a datum the part that they want to prioritize as a reference. To specify multiple datums, write them in the order of priority (left to right).
Generally, designers determine the letter assigned to a datum in the order of priority—therefore, priority is generally described by alphabetical order. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8199364542961121}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '38196', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:VLBFHSNHPYIWUN7473Y4JD3TQMOH3N5P', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:2e65bd3d-670e-445f-98a5-0d2c24104d9e>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 11, 14, 11, 37, 22), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.108.97.240', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:EORCDQ6Y2YBLHNXFQAYLB5JN7JTTXT4P', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:21087f0b-eff5-41be-9df9-b9d707a1dd72>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.keyence.com/ss/products/measure-sys/gd-and-t/basic/tolerance-entry-frame.jsp', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:876fbd3e-d572-4bfd-ab3b-941fa3a37a3f>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '168', 'url': 'https://www.keyence.com/ss/products/measure-sys/gd-and-t/basic/tolerance-entry-frame.jsp', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-47\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-211.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.8918284177780151', 'original_id': '0098598f8e599f3fae3db9fc5ddc8ca9357ad2c0dd189427278e21d759aeb36a'} |
T~H~17 cells are a selective lineage of CD4^+^ T helper cells that are critical for host defense and autoimmunity by expressing the proinflammatory cytokines IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-22 ([@bib17]; [@bib19]; [@bib16]). The induction of T~H~17 cells during inflammatory conditions such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) requires cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-23, and TGF-β1 ([@bib16]). In addition to their presence during inflammatory responses, a population of T cells that expresses retinoic acid receptor--related orphan receptor γt (Rorγt), which is a T~H~17-specific transcription factor, is also found at steady state (sT~H~17) in the small intestine lamina propria (LP; [@bib12]; [@bib13]), where they accumulate only in the presence of luminal commensal microbiota ([@bib1]; [@bib9]; [@bib13]). Recently, one member of this bacterial community, the *Clostridia*-related segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB), was shown to be capable of inducing the generation of T~H~17 cells, as well as other subsets of T~H~ cells ([@bib14]). It has been suggested that the induction of ATP ([@bib1]) and serum amyloid proteins ([@bib14]) by commensal bacteria are required for promoting the generation of intestinal T~H~17 cells. However, the host signaling pathway linking the microbiota to the induction of intestinal sT~H~17 cells at steady state remains to be fully elucidated.
IL-1R signaling is important for murine T~H~17 development ([@bib23]; [@bib2]; [@bib8]) and accordingly, mice lacking IL-1R expression exhibit impaired capacity to generate T~H~17 cells in the setting of EAE ([@bib21]; [@bib2]). Furthermore, the IL-1β--IL-1R signaling pathway has been shown to promote IL-17 production by the unconventional γδ T cells in the presence of commensal bacteria ([@bib22]; [@bib5]). Based on analysis of intracellular staining of LP cells for T~H~17-associated cytokines after stimulation with phorbol ester and ionomycin, it was suggested that myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) signaling pathways that include Toll-like receptor (TLR) and the IL-1β--IL-1R signaling pathways were not important in inducing the development of normal T~H~17 cell responses in the small intestine ([@bib1]; [@bib14]). Because recent findings revealed that phorbol ester and ionomycin stimulation may exaggerate intracellular IL-17 expression in T~H~17 cells ([@bib11]), it remains unclear whether MyD88 signaling pathways play a role in the induction of intestinal sT~H~17 cells in animals colonized with gut-residing bacteria. In the present study, we examined the role of IL-1R and MyD88 signaling in influencing the induction of sT~H~17 cells in the intestinal microenvironment. Our results revealed that the microbiota induces the production of IL-1β, but not IL-6, in LP phagocytes and that stimulation of IL-1β--IL-1R signaling is necessary and sufficient in driving the generation of intestinal sT~H~17 cells.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
======================
IL-1β--IL-1R signaling promotes the development of intestinal sT~H~17 cells
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
To assess the role of IL-1R signaling in the development of sT~H~17 cells under steady-state conditions in vivo, we crossed *Rorc(γt)-gfp* reporter mice, which express GFP under the control of the promoter of Rorγt ([@bib6]; [@bib12]), with *Ilr1*^−/−^ mice to generate *Rorc(γt)-gfp* reporter mice in the presence and absence of IL-1R. Although the frequency of total CD4^+^ T cells was not significantly different ([Fig. 1 A](#fig1){ref-type="fig"}), the numbers of Rorc(γt)-gfp^+^ CD4^+^ T cells were greatly reduced in the LP of *Ilr1*^−/−^ mice compared with those in wild-type littermates ([Fig. 1, B and C](#fig1){ref-type="fig"}). The impaired generation of LP sT~H~17 cells was not the result of enhanced development of Foxp3^+^ T regulatory cells in the absence IL-1R1 signaling, given that no differences were observed in the frequency of Foxp3^+^ CD4^+^ T cells between *Ilr1*^−/−^ and the littermate control mice ([Fig. 1 D](#fig1){ref-type="fig"}). Consistent with the reduced frequency of sT~H~17 cells in vivo, the production of T~H~17-associated effector cytokines (IL-17 and IL-22) by FACS-sorted intestinal CD3^+^CD4^+^ IL-1R^−/−^ cells, was also blunted after in vitro stimulation ([Fig. 1 E](#fig1){ref-type="fig"}). The impaired generation of sT~H~17 cells observed in the *Ilr1*^−/−^ mice was not caused by the lack of intestinal colonization with SFB, as *Ilr1*^−/−^ and controls animals maintained in our specific pathogen--free (SPF) facility had a comparable number of fecal SFB as determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) of 16s rRNA gene sequences (unpublished data). In addition, the expression of *IL-6* and *IL-23p19* in the small intestine was unaffected by the absence of IL-1R1 signaling, as qPCR analysis revealed that the transcript levels of these genes were similar between *Ilr1*^−/−^ and wild-type littermate animals (unpublished data). The proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β is a known ligand that interacts with IL-1R1 to mediate its biological effects ([@bib20]). Accordingly, the in vitro production of IL-17 and IL-22 by LP cells isolated from *Il1β^−/−^* and *Ilr1*^−/−^ mice was similarly reduced ([Fig. 1 F](#fig1){ref-type="fig"}). In contrast, the production of the Th1-associated cytokine IFN-γ by total LP cells was not impaired after in vitro stimulation (unpublished data).
{#fig1}
The development of intestinal sT~H~17 responses requires MyD88, but not IL-6
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Given that the adaptor molecule MyD88 plays a critical role in both TLR- and IL-1R--signaling pathways ([@bib18]), we reevaluated the intestinal sT~H~17 response in *Myd88^−/−^* mice. Consistent with previous studies ([@bib1]; [@bib13]), we observed normal intestinal T~H~17 responses in the absence of MyD88 signaling by intracellular cytokine staining of LP cells stimulated with phorbol ester and ionomycin (unpublished data). However, in light of recent findings suggesting that phorbol ester and ionomycin stimulation may exaggerate intracellular IL-17 expression in T~H~17 cells ([@bib11]), we sought to address the role of MyD88 in promoting T~H~17 responses under more physiological conditions. To do so, we stimulated FACS-sorted LP CD3^+^CD4^+^ T cells isolated from *Myd88^−/−^* animals with antibody to CD3. *Myd88^−/−^* mice exhibited decreased intestinal T~H~17 cytokine responses as determined by ex vivo stimulation of CD3^+^CD4^+^-purified cells ([Fig. 1 G](#fig1){ref-type="fig"}). To further assess the role of MyD88 in promoting sT~H~17 responses without ex vivo manipulation, we crossed *Rorc(γt)-gfp* reporter mice with *Myd88^−/−^* mice to generate *Rorc(γt)-gfp* reporter mice. Consistent with the results obtained with *Ilr1*^−/−^ mice in vivo and stimulation of LP CD3^+^CD4^+^ T cells with anti-CD3 ex vivo, we found reduced frequency of CD4^+^ *Rorc(γt)-gfp^+^* cells in the intestinal LP of *Myd88^−/−^Rorc(γt)-gfp* mice when compared with *Myd88^+/−^Rorc(γt)-gfp* littermate mice ([Fig. 1 H](#fig1){ref-type="fig"}). In contrast, the frequency of CD4^+^ *Rorc(γt)-gfp^+^* cells in the intestinal LP of *IL-6^−/−^Rorc(γt)-gfp* mice was unimpaired when compared with *IL-6^+/−^Rorc(γt)-gfp* littermate mice ([Fig. 1 I](#fig1){ref-type="fig"}). Consistently, the production of T~H~17-associated effector cytokines (IL-17 and IL-22) by FACS-sorted intestinal CD3^+^CD4^+^ IL6^−/−^ cells was comparable to that of intestinal CD3^+^CD4^+^ T cells from *IL-6^+/−^* littermate mice ([Fig. 1 I](#fig1){ref-type="fig"} and not depicted). These observations indicate that the homeostatic development of intestinal sT~H~17 cells does not require IL-6, but is dependent on, IL-1β--IL-1R and MyD88 signaling.
The CD11b^+^F4/80^+^CD11c^−/low^-resident macrophage population is the main source of IL-1β in the small intestine
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
We next investigated which cellular subset of cells in the intestine is a potential source of IL-1β. To begin to address this question, we generated bone marrow chimera mice by reconstituting lethally irradiated wild-type recipient mice with bone marrow from wild-type or IL-1β--deficient mice. Analysis of the chimera mice revealed that IL-1β produced by hematopoietic cells is required for the induction of intestinal sT~H~17 responses ([Fig. 2 A](#fig2){ref-type="fig"}). Thus, deficiency of IL-1β in hematopoietic cells impaired the production of the T~H~17-associated effector cytokines, IL-17, and IL-22, but not IFN-γ, by LP cells after in vitro stimulation ([Fig. 2 A](#fig2){ref-type="fig"}). Accumulating evidence suggests that LP mononuclear phagocytes are crucial for maintaining intestinal homeostasis and promoting intestinal immunity ([@bib24]). Accordingly, in the intestinal LP, we identified, based on the differential surface expression of CD11c and CD11b, three distinct mononuclear phagocyte populations: CD11b^+^CD11c^−^ (R1), CD11b^+^CD11c^+^ (R2), and CD11b^−^CD11c^+^ (R3; [Fig. 2 B](#fig2){ref-type="fig"}, left). Next, we examined which subsets of these intestinal phagocytes contribute to steady-state production of IL-1β. To do so, we sorted R1, R2, and R3 populations and assessed intracellular IL-1β protein levels. The R1 population of cells expressed the highest level of IL-1β protein compared to the R2 or R3 subsets ([Fig. 2 B](#fig2){ref-type="fig"}, middle). Further flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that the R1 population was CD11b^+^, F4/80^+^, MHCII^+^, CD11c^−/low^, and CD103^int^ (unpublished data); thus, this population seems to belong to a previously described subset of CD11b^+^F4/80^+^ intestinal macrophages ([@bib15]; [@bib3]). Therefore, these findings indicate that the CD11b^+^-, F4/80^+^-, MHCII^+^-, CD11c^−/low^-, and CD103^int^-resident populations are the main source of IL-1β production in the LP of the small intestine.
{#fig2}
IL-1β induction in intestinal macrophages is mediated via MyD88, but not IL-1R, signaling
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The expression of IL-1β is induced by TLR ligands and IL-1β itself can also serve as a positive feedback regulator of this pathway ([@bib4]). To investigate the interaction between commensal bacteria and the host immune system that promotes the induction of IL-1β, R1, R2, and R3 subsets from the LP of wild-type and *Ilr1*^−/−^ mice were sorted and the protein level of IL-1β was determined. There was no detectable difference in the level of IL-1β between wild-type and *Ilr1*^−/−^ animals ([Fig. 2 B](#fig2){ref-type="fig"}, right), indicating that IL-1β--IL-1R signaling does not regulate the expression of IL-1β in intestinal macrophages. This suggests that induction of IL-1β is upstream of IL-1R signaling. However, LP CD11b^+^CD11c^−^ cells from SPF *Myd88^−/−^* and germ-free (GF) wild-type mice showed decreased levels of pro--IL-1β ([Fig. 2 C](#fig2){ref-type="fig"}), suggesting that the interaction between TLR/MyD88 and the commensal microbiota is an essential requirement for the induction of IL-1β in phagocytic cells. In line with this notion, the levels of IL-1β mRNA in the LP were similarly decreased in GF wild-type and SPF *Myd88^−/−^* animals as compared with SPF control mice ([Fig. 2 D](#fig2){ref-type="fig"}). In contrast, comparable levels of IL-6 were found in the LP of wild-type and GF mice ([Fig. 2 E](#fig2){ref-type="fig"}). Collectively, these observations suggest that the microbiota regulates the production of IL-1β in LP phagocytic cells via MyD88, independent of IL-1R signaling, to promote the induction of sT~H~17 cells in the small intestine.
IL-1R signaling on T cells is required for the generation of intestinal sT~H~17 response
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IL-1R1 is ubiquitously expressed on both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells ([@bib4]; [@bib20]). To assess the importance of IL-1R1 signaling in various intestinal cellular populations in promoting the generation of sT~H~17 cells, we generated bone marrow chimera mice. Reconstitution of lethally irradiated recipients, regardless of genotype, with *Ilr1*^−/−^ bone marrow recapitulated the defective sT~H~17 response observed in intact *Ilr1*^−/−^ animals ([Fig. 3 A](#fig3){ref-type="fig"}). Thus, deficiency of IL-R1 in hematopoietic cells impaired the production of the T~H~17-associated effector cytokines (IL-17 and IL-22) by LP cells after in vitro stimulation ([Fig. 3 A](#fig3){ref-type="fig"}). The requirement of an intact IL-1R1 signaling pathway in the hematopoietic compartment using bone marrow chimeric mice does not distinguish whether or not direct IL-1R1 signaling on T cells promotes the induction of intestinal sT~H~17 cells. To this end, we adoptively transferred *Ilr1*^+/−^ or *Ilr1*^−/−^ -CD3^+^CD4^+^ *Rorc(γt)-gfp*^negative^ cells into SPF *Rag1^−/−^* recipients ([Fig. 3 B](#fig3){ref-type="fig"}, left). Reconstituting *Rag1^−/−^* recipients with either *Ilr1*^+/−^ or *Ilr1*^−/−^*Rorc(γt)-gfp*^negative^ CD4^+^ T cells resulted in a similar recruitment and expansion of CD4^+^ T cells to peripheral organs and frequency of GFP-expressing CD4^+^ T cells in the spleen and liver ([Fig. 3 B](#fig3){ref-type="fig"}, middle). However, despite normal recruitment to and expansion in the intestinal LP, the absence of IL-1R1 on CD4^+^ T cells selectively impaired the ability of the donor cells to acquire Rorγt expression specifically in the intestinal microenvironment ([Fig. 3 B](#fig3){ref-type="fig"}, right). Consistent with diminished numbers of *Rorc(γt)-gfp^positive^* cells present in the intestinal LP of *Ilr1*^−/−^ T cell reconstituted *Rag1^−/−^* recipients, in vitro production of IL-17 was also negatively impacted by the lack of IL-1R1 expression on T cells ([Fig. 3 C](#fig3){ref-type="fig"}). Thus, these results emphasize that maintaining IL-1β responsiveness in T cells in the intestine is necessary for the development of sT~H~17 cells.
{#fig3}
Administration of IL-1β is sufficient to induce the maturation of splenic CD3^+^CD4^+^Rorγt^negative^ cells into intestinal Rorγt-expressing sT~H~17 cells in GF mice
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
We next asked whether administration of IL-1β was capable of inducing the presence of sT~H~17 cells in the LP of GF animals that are largely devoid of these cells ([@bib1]; [@bib9]; [@bib13]). To assess this, GF mice were injected with rIL-1β or PBS as a control and the presence of sT~H~17 cells and production of T~H~17-associated cytokines were assessed in the small intestine. As expected, the production of T~H~17-associated cytokines IL-17 and IL-22 by LP cells was low in GF mice treated with PBS ([Fig. 4 A](#fig4){ref-type="fig"}). Importantly, IL-17 and IL-22 production by LP cells was markedly increased in GF mice treated with exogenous IL-1β when compared with mice treated with PBS ([Fig. 4 A](#fig4){ref-type="fig"}). To further interrogate the role of IL-1β in the induction of intestinal sT~H~17 response, GF wild-type animals were first infused with FACS-purified Thy1.1^+^/1.2^+^CD3^+^CD4^+^ *Rorc(γt)-gfp*^negative^ cells derived from SPF wild-type donors and then treated with PBS or exogenous rIL-1β ([Fig. 4 B](#fig4){ref-type="fig"}, top). Administration of rIL-1β selectively induced the donor CD4^+^ reporter cells to acquire *Rorc(γt)* expression in the intestinal microenvironment, but not in other peripheral organs, such as the spleen ([Fig. 4 B](#fig4){ref-type="fig"}, bottom). These data indicate that the presence of IL-1β is sufficient to induce the differentiation of intestinal sT~H~17 cells in the absence of microbiota.
{#fig4}
The blunted intestinal sT~H~17 response of GF animals is well-characterized ([@bib13]); however, the reason for the impaired sT~H~17 response that is associated with the absence of commensal microbiota is currently unclear. We provide evidence that the microbiota induces the production of IL-1β in resident macrophages via MyD88 and IL-1β-IL-1R1 signaling is critical for the development of sT~H~17 cells in the small intestine. Administration of rIL-1β selectively induced the donor reporter cells to acquire *Rorc(γt)*-expression in the intestinal microenvironment, but not in other peripheral organs, such as the spleen. Thus, the results suggest that the IL-1β/IL-1R axis is not only required, but also sufficient, to drive the development of sT~H~17 in the intestinal microenvironment. Unexpectedly, IL-6 was not required for the development of intestinal sT~H~17 cells. Because IL-6 is important for the induction of T~H~17 cells during inflammatory conditions such as EAE ([@bib16]), the results suggest differential regulation for the development of T~H~17 cell population which may be explained by differences in the local tissue environment or specific triggers. These results do not rule out that IL-1β acts in concert with other cytokines such as IL-23 that are known to be critical for the development of T~H~17 cells during inflammatory conditions in nonintestinal tissues ([@bib16]). However, our results clearly indicate that IL-1β, but not IL-6, is induced by the microbiota and critical for the development of intestinal sT~H~17 cells in vivo.
Our findings also identified MyD88 as a critical mediator for the induction of IL-1β in intestinal macrophages while the expression of pro--IL-1β in intestinal phagocytes was not impaired in IL-R1-deficient mice. These results suggest that MyD88 acts at two distinct steps to regulate the development of sT~H~17 cells in the intestine. First, MyD88 links the microbiota to pro--IL-1β induction in intestinal macrophages. This mechanism likely involves the TLR-MyD88 signaling pathway given that this appears to be the major innate immune pathway by which the intestinal microflora stimulate the production of proinflammatory cytokines in host cells ([@bib10]). The second step involves IL-1β/IL-R1/MyD88 signaling in CD4 T cells to drive the development of intestinal sT~H~17 cells. Collectively, our data suggest that interactions between commensal bacteria and TLR signaling mediated through MyD88 promote IL-1β production in intestinal CD11b^+^ macrophages, which in turn induces the differentiation of intestinal sT~H~17 cells. Notably, exogenous IL-1β increased sT~H~17 cells in the intestine, but not in the spleen, in the absence of microbiota. We do not have an explanation for the latter results, but it suggests that the regulation of Th17 cell differentiation is more complex that originally described and varies in different tissue environments. Because T~H~17 cells have been suggested to play either a detrimental role in autoimmune disease ([@bib17]; [@bib19]; [@bib16]) or protective role during enteric infection ([@bib14]), further understanding the mechanism that regulate the quiescence and the reactivation of these cells may have therapeutic potential.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
=====================
### Animals.
SPF wild-type and *Rag-1^−/−^* mice in C57BL/6 background were originally purchased from The Jackson Laboratory. *Ilr1*^−/−^, *Il1β*^−/−^, and *Myd88^−/−^* mice in C57BL/6 background have been previously described ([@bib7]). *Il-6^−/−^* mice in C57BL/6 background were obtained from Dr. Evan Keller, the University of Michigan. *Rorc(γt)*-gfp mice were obtained from The Jackson Laboratory and crossed to *Ilr1*^−/−^, *Myd88^−/−^*, or *Il-6^−/−^* mice to generate gene-deficient reporter mice. GF wild-type mice in C57BL/6 background were bred and maintained at the Germ-Free Animal Core Facility of the University of Michigan. GF mice were maintained in flexible film isolators and were checked weekly for GF status by aerobic and anaerobic culture. The absence of microbiota was verified by microscopic analysis of stained cecal contents to detect unculturable contamination. All animal studies were performed according to approved protocols by the University of Michigan Committee on Use and Care of Animals.
### Cell isolation, adoptive transfer, and administration of IL-1β in vivo.
To isolate *Rorc(γt)-gfp^negative^* cells for adoptive transfer, pan T cells microbeads (Miltenyi Biotec) were initially used to enrich total T cells, followed by FACS sorting of CD3^+^CD4^+^*Rorc(γt)-gfp^negative^* cells. For adoptive transfer of sorted CD3^+^CD4^+^*Rorc(γt)-gfp^negative^* cells into intact GF animals, wild-type Thy1.2^+^/1.2^+^ R*orc(γt)-gfp* were crossed to Thy1.1 mice (The Jackson Laboratory) and the F1 progeny were used as donors. Donor CD4 cells were distinguished from recipient CD4 cells by flow cytometric analysis for the co-expression of Thy1.1 and Thy1.2 markers. GF mice were treated every other day for 14 d with either PBS or 1 µg/mouse of rIL-1β (PeproTech) i.p., and then intestinal tissue was harvested for analyses. After the last round of injections, there was no evidence of bacterial contamination in the rIL-1β as determined by standard culture conditions.
### Isolation and stimulation of LP cells.
Mice were killed and intestines were removed and placed in ice-cold HBSS + 1% heat inactivated FBS + 0.1% Pen/Strep (complete HBSS). After removal of residual mesenteric fat tissue, Peyer's patches were carefully excised and the intestine was flushed two times with 10 ml complete HBSS. After flushing, the intestine was opened longitudinally and cut into ∼1-cm pieces. The cut pieces were washed two times at 37°C with 30 ml complete HBSS for 5 min each on a magnetic stir plate (600 rpm), followed by incubation with 50 ml 1-mM DTT for 15 min at 37°C with rotation. After DTT treatment, the tissue was then incubated twice with 30 ml 1-mM EDTA at 37°C with rotation. After each incubation, the epithelial cell layer containing the intraepithelial lymphocytes was removed by aspiration. After the last EDTA incubation, the pieces were washed three times in complete HBSS and placed in 30-ml digestion solution (complete HBSS containing Type III Collagenase and DNase I; Worthington). Digestion was performed by incubating the pieces at 37°C for 1--1.5 h with rotation. The digestion product was collected, filtered through a 70-µM cell strainer (BD), and pelleted by centrifugation. The digestion pellet was then resuspended in 4 ml of 40% Percoll (GE Healthcare) fraction and overlaid on 4 ml of 75% Percoll fraction in a 15-ml conical tube. Percoll gradient separation was performed by centrifugation for 20 min at 2,500 rpm at room temperature. LP cells were collected at the interphase of the Percoll gradient, washed once, and resuspended in either FACS buffer or T cell medium. The cells were used immediately for in vitro stimulation, flow cytometric analysis, or cell sorting. Cells purified by flow cytometry from the LP or total LP cells were cultured at the adjusted density of 10^6^ cells per ml with soluble anti-CD3 (1 µg/ml) overnight, and then cytokines in supernatants (IL-22, IL-17A, and IFN-γ) were analyzed by ELISA (R&D Systems). Intracellular cytokine analysis of total LP cells was performed in cells stimulated in vitro with 50 ng/ml phorbol myristate acetate (Sigma-Aldrich) and 5 µM ionomycin in the presence of Brefeldin A for 6 h. Surface staining was performed with a corresponding cocktail of fluorescently labeled antibodies (eBioscience) for 30 min on ice; followed by permeabilization with Cytofix/Cytoperm solution (BD), and intracellular cytokine staining was performed with fluorescently labeled anti--IL-17 antibody (eBioscience). Immunoblotting for IL-1β was performed using rabbit anti--mouse IL-1β antibody (R&D Systems).
### Real-time PCR analysis.
RNA samples for transcript analysis were isolated from the small intestine or FACS-sorted cells using Total RNA kit I (OMEGA Bio-Tek). Complementary DNAs (cDNAs) were synthesized from and prepared with High Capacity cDNA Reverse Transcription kit (Applied Biosystems). Values were then normalized by the amount of GAPDH in each sample.
### Statistical analyses.
Statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism software version 5.0 (GraphPad Software Inc.). Differences between two groups were evaluated using a Student's *t* test. Differences at P \< 0.05 were considered significant.
The authors thank the University of Michigan Germ-Free Animal Facility and Flow Cytometry Core and the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center Immunology Core for support; S. Akira and Y. Iwakura for generous supply of mutant mice; S. Koonse for animal husbandry; and G. Chen for review of the manuscript.
This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH; G. Nuñez). M.H. Shaw was supported by Lung Immunopathology Training grant T32-HL007517 from the NIH. N. Kamada was supported by the Uehara Memorial Foundation and the Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America. Y.-G. Kim was supported by training funds from the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center.
The authors declare no competing financial interests.
Author contributions: M.H. Shaw and G. Nuñez designed the research. M.H. Shaw conducted most of the experiments and analyzed data. N. Kamada performed experiments shown in [Fig. 1](#fig1){ref-type="fig"} (G and I). N. Kamada and Y.-G. Kim performed experiments provided as "unpublished data." M.H. Shaw and G. Nuñez wrote the manuscript.
Abbreviations used:EAEexperimental autoimmune encephalomyelitisLPlamina propriaMyD88myeloid differentiation factor 88Rorγtretinoic acid receptor--related orphan receptor γtSFBsegmented filamentous bacteriaSPFspecific pathogen--freesT~H~17 cellssteady-state T~H~17 cellsTLRtoll-like receptor
| mini_pile | {'original_id': 'b70dc4d9a27cae5f4656f567b0291489558ba817e16bc69e9e77d1bd27ab3fd8'} |
package main
import (
"fmt"
"github.com/Financial-Times/go-logger"
"github.com/neo4j/neo4j-go-driver/neo4j"
)
type NeoClient struct {
driver neo4j.Driver
}
func NewNeoClient(neoURL string) (*NeoClient, error) {
neoDriver, err := neo4j.NewDriver(neoURL, neo4j.NoAuth(), func(config *neo4j.Config) {
config.Log = neo4j.ConsoleLogger(neo4j.INFO)
})
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return &NeoClient{neoDriver}, nil
}
var relatedPattern = `MATCH (:Concept{uuid:"%s"})-[:EQUIVALENT_TO]->(%s:Concept) MATCH (%s)<-[:EQUIVALENT_TO]-(:Concept)<-[:COUNTRY_OF_OPERATIONS|IS_INCLUDED_IN|HAS_BROADER*1..]-(%s:Concept) `
var timePattern = "c.publishedDateEpoch>%d AND c.publishedDateEpoch<%d "
var directlyRelatedPattern = "(c)-[:ABOUT|MENTIONS]->(:Concept{uuid:\"%s\"}) "
func constructStatement(sObj *SearchObject) string {
var statement string
//gather implicitly related concpets
for i, uuid := range sObj.isRelatedWith {
canonLabel := fmt.Sprintf("canon%d", i)
implicitLabel := fmt.Sprintf("implicit%d", i)
related := fmt.Sprintf(relatedPattern, uuid, canonLabel, canonLabel, implicitLabel)
statement += related
}
// collect all implicit concepts in a list
collectStatement := "WITH collect(implicit0)"
for idx := 1; idx < len(sObj.isRelatedWith); idx++ {
collectStatement += fmt.Sprintf(" + collect(implicit%d)", idx)
}
statement += fmt.Sprintf("%s as col ", collectStatement)
//get all content for implicitly related concepts
statement += "UNWIND col as implicit MATCH (implicit)<-[]-(c:Content)"
// collect filters for time and explicit annotations
var filters []string
if sObj.fromDate > 0 && sObj.toDate > 0 && sObj.fromDate < sObj.toDate { // todo has time filter
filters = append(filters, fmt.Sprintf(timePattern, sObj.fromDate, sObj.toDate))
}
for _, uuid := range sObj.isDirectlyRelatedWith {
filters = append(filters, fmt.Sprintf(directlyRelatedPattern, uuid))
}
// construct where statement
if len(filters) > 0 {
statement += fmt.Sprintf(" WHERE %s", filters[0])
for idx := 1; idx < len(filters); idx++ {
statement += fmt.Sprintf(" AND %s", filters[idx])
}
}
// contstruct return
statement += fmt.Sprintf("RETURN DISTINCT c.uuid as uuid LIMIT(%d) ", sObj.limit)
logger.Infof("Query: %s\n", statement)
return statement
}
type SearchObject struct {
fromDate int64
toDate int64
isRelatedWith []string
isDirectlyRelatedWith []string
limit int
}
func (nc *NeoClient) Search(sObj *SearchObject) ([]string, error) {
var session neo4j.Session
var records []neo4j.Record
var err error
statement := constructStatement(sObj)
if session, err = nc.driver.Session(neo4j.AccessModeRead); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
defer session.Close()
records, err = neo4j.Collect(session.ReadTransaction(func(tx neo4j.Transaction) (interface{}, error) {
return tx.Run(statement, map[string]interface{}{"contentUUID": "", "annotationLifecycle": ""})
}))
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
logger.Infof("Results: %v", records)
var results []string
for _, record := range records {
logger.Infof("%+v\n", record)
recordUUID, ok := record.Get("uuid")
if !ok {
logger.Error("not found uuid for record")
}
results = append(results, fmt.Sprintf("%v", recordUUID))
}
return results, nil
}
func (nc *NeoClient) Close() error {
return nc.driver.Close()
}
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Racing presidents
To celebrate President's Day, mascots dressed as US Presidents compete in a race between periods of the game between the New York Islanders and the Ottawa Senators at the Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum in Uniondale, New York. The Senators defeated the Islanders 6-0.
Getty Images | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '26', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8883318305015564}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '165400', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:YJPBN4T6E6ECUK6QWYN735LML6O3NMNF', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:e2e6988b-4a7e-4822-b280-195f2eea138a>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 8, 17, 22, 35, 30), 'WARC-IP-Address': '23.15.7.97', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:LQFRNPA6X3A6O6CZRJCRP6Z7X7JLF4SW', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:7b60043a-a9dc-4ada-a552-cf2972eb325a>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/photos/bal-afp-getty-13941978920120220160138-photo.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:cca3e579-ed79-4bd6-b473-1f6584518e24>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '62', 'url': 'http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/photos/bal-afp-getty-13941978920120220160138-photo.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-225-194-121.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-34\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for August 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.027335822582244873', 'original_id': '94507f2c61fdb65614e277ac8d8c92cac419788e0ab5a725665a2e181166c2eb'} |
Ruby Kurant banner
Ruby Kurant
Napa Valley AVA
Numerous awards and notable ratings
Sherri Carter is a multifaceted woman, being an accomplished artist, a graphic designer, a marketer, a businesswoman, a writer, and a true equestrian.
On top of all of that, she also manages her own award-winning wine label, Ruby Kurant, through which she produces just one wine – a Rhône inspired red she has appropriately named "The Archer".
Sherri grew up on a horse farm in a small Midwestern town where her country roots and rural lifestyle instilled in her a sense of adventure and love of nature. As she grew older, Sherri traveled through Amsterdam, Italy, and Greece, documenting her journeys and dreams into a book called Daily Decadence: The Art of Sensual Living.
When Sherri returned to the states in the late 1990’s, she packed her car and drove out west, pointing her energy towards California. She ended up on the northern coastline and fell in love with the ocean, the trees, the people, and the wine. It was here that she met and fell in love with Mark Carter of Napa Valley’s iconic Carter Cellars and Envy Wines and was inspired to make wines of her own. Meanwhile, she also founded a successful design firm building websites and creating graphics.
Ruby Kurant became a reality in 2006 with Sherri’s first release of The Archer, a Grenache-Syrah blend crafted from vineyards in the heart of Napa Valley. Each of Sherri’s passions are thoughtfully expressed in her Ruby Kurant label, blending her love of horses, art, and wine into an inspiring and creative project. The Ruby Kurant wine labels feature Sherri’s original artwork (she is an equestrian painter as well), with the designs changing out each year to distinguish the different vintages.
Sherri named her wine The Archer to celebrate her "maiden voyage" in the wine industry, and she has since been well received by the public and press with numerous awards and notable ratings.
Featured Wines | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '8', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9701509475708008}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '46423', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:F2BWYUD7JEKGDWZW4D2EDFUQNGCHPBAZ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:1bf80440-226e-4cc2-a35c-1942bbafc589>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 5, 14, 1, 39), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.22.64.188', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:UHLIOM3CRQVNFUKUM6SWARJDAEWTA3RL', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:0fa79fdc-2ab4-4a75-a52d-72c3ed4e4c0f>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.goldmedalwineclub.com/winery/ruby-kurant-napa-valley-ava', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:e3a8cff6-839d-478b-8b27-5fac54f5c3ab>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '326', 'url': 'https://www.goldmedalwineclub.com/winery/ruby-kurant-napa-valley-ava', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-21\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-74.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.03625917434692383', 'original_id': '1eba6cd25ea38ba4ab6c9cc54389a59e481a2e16735ae35ef05deeffa4707f58'} |
Getty Images
On Monday, director general of the World Health Organization Dr. Margaret Chan declared the mosquito-borne Zika virus to be an international public health emergency. Chan made a particular point of expressing the WHO's concerns that the virus might be linked to a marked uptick in cases of microcephaly.
"In assessing the level of threat, the [WHO's] eighteen experts and advisors looked in particular at the strong association in time and space between infection with the Zika virus and a rise in detected cases of congenital malformations and neurological complications," Chan explained. "The experts agree that a causal relationship between the Zika infection during pregnancy and microcephaly is strongly suspected."
Cases of the virus, which has been most commonly observed throughout equatorial areas of Africa and Asia in the past, spiked in Brazil in May of last year. Since then, over 1 million infections have been confirmed by Brazilian public health officials in addition to nearly 4,000 new instances of infant microcephaly.
More recently, Zika was identified as having made it into North America in a case of one person in Texas passing it to another through sex, confirming concerns that the virus would, in fact, spread beyond South America.
As more and more cases of the of infection are reported, public health officials in affected countries are asking women not to become pregnant in hopes of limiting the potential risk of spreading the virus.
To look at the coverage of the Brazillian Zika outbreak, one could easily walk away with the impression that once a person contracts the virus, they're destined to develop microcephaly. That is not the case. The medical community is not concerned that Zika is necessarily causing microcephaly.
But doctors are concerned that the number of reported Zika virus diagnoses is keeping pace with the number of infants being born with microcephaly. As we all know by now, correlation does not imply causation, but it's definitely the sort of data point that would prompt researchers to look into the events.
So when we talk about what makes the Zika virus so scary, we’re actually talking about microcephaly. While microcephaly could be caused by the Zika virus, it’s also important to remember that they aren’t the same thing and that right now, there’s no proven relationship between the virus and the condition (doctors are researching, but nothing definitive yet.)
Most people that contract Zika virus as adults liken it to a mild case of dengue fever with itchy rashes, joint pain, and conjunctivitis that clears up in a few weeks. Microcephaly, on the other hand, is a completely different medical condition that we would all benefit from knowing more about.
I spoke with Belsie González from the Centers for Disease Control about what the public should know about microcephaly.
What is it exactly?
"Congenital microcephaly is often a sign of the brain not developing normally during pregnancy," González told me via e-mail. "Babies with microcephaly can have a range of other health problems, depending on the severity of their microcephaly."
How common is it?
Not very. According to the CDC, microcephaly occurs somewhere between 2-12 babies per 10,000 live births here in the U.S.
How do you catch it?
You can't "catch" microcephaly because it's a disease that one is born with. If you don't have it now, you're never going to.
What are the symptoms?
When people think of microcephaly, they tend to picture people whose faces are abnormally small in comparison to size of their skulls.
While this is one of the condition's most recognizable traits, González explained that the condition can also cause a number of other serious health complications like seizures, intellectual disabilities, and problems with movement and balance.
"These problems can range from mild to severe and are often lifelong," González said. "In some cases, these problems can be life-threatening."
How is it treated?
Currently, there is no cure for microcephaly and because of the various ways that it manifests itself in people, treatments take on many different forms. The earliest form of care that González recommended was regular pre- and post-natal checkups with a pediatrician.
"Because it is difficult to predict at birth what problems a baby will have from microcephaly, babies with microcephaly often need close follow-up through regular check-ups with a healthcare provider to monitor their growth and development," González said. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9556626081466676}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '720452', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:5RV2RMVQSHNTVC64ROPI67GPTJLBOWCU', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:898337db-9c70-4bdf-a1fc-8eec6092cd59>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 9, 23, 2, 23, 23), 'WARC-IP-Address': '151.101.2.166', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:VMIN5WBWIDXABRTX6WAHCGJUS5I727N4', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:a18f7405-6325-4e5b-9698-9db4a4f6791c>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://splinternews.com/microcephaly-and-the-disorders-possible-relationship-t-1794269693', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:7a4d7a20-fb94-44f3-9b49-473d611801a2>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '702', 'url': 'https://splinternews.com/microcephaly-and-the-disorders-possible-relationship-t-1794269693', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-39\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-143-243-33.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.07007652521133423', 'original_id': '5424bf4132d140065eccb8f9ce7db9a83651718ff3083b6ed344ef1db61856f3'} |
I'm happy how we store a single time series but we somehow lack a system that glues them all together. I'm talking about a few million time series coming from ~50 data vendors and representing maybe a million contracts.
It appears to me that hydrologists(!) have a pretty decent framework (KiTSM) but it takes A LOT of imagination to apply their (GIS-based) system to financial time series.
I imagine something with a comprehensive set of command line tools for batch processing, a neat web interface for tagging and generating custom compilations and maybe something to allow users to subscribe certain compilations, as well as some bindings for the big systems, maybe a matlab/R/octave/SAS/you-name-it plugin.
I'm not particularly fixated on exactly these features, my (daily) work flow in detail:
• schedule data retrieval plans (somewhat like cron jobs) and monitor them, i.e. get a list of time series that haven't been updated this morning
• get all back-adjustments and other corrections to time series
• inform research groups that currently use those time series about corrections
• provide fail-over time series/data vendors on request, e.g. resort to CSI settlement prices when CME's DataMine service is down
Something like this is best given into the hands of the end-users because they probably have a better idea of what might suit their specific needs.
Does a tool like this exist?
• 2
$\begingroup$ Well, have you considered vendor solutions? If you have a million series from fifty vendors, something like Kdb or OneTick might be more suitable than a bunch a of binary mmap files on an NFS server... $\endgroup$ – Dirk Eddelbuettel Nov 7 '11 at 19:40
• $\begingroup$ well, yes, I've tried Sungard's MarketMap Analytic Platform which in principle is what I want, only that they require my data vendor to support them which is a case of inverted hierarchy, not the data vendor adapts to the tool but the tool needs to adapt to the data vendor. $\endgroup$ – hroptatyr Nov 7 '11 at 19:45
• 1
$\begingroup$ As for kdb and onetick, they sort of focus on the data storage aspect more than the management aspect. I've yet to convince Kx to give me a 64bit trial of kdb+taq but I'm pretty sure that the management aspect isn't covered, e.g. I need all versions of a particular time series, not just the current one. $\endgroup$ – hroptatyr Nov 7 '11 at 19:51
• $\begingroup$ what about building your own framework? It is not so complex. A relational database with different field per time serie revision will do the last trick $\endgroup$ – RockScience Nov 8 '11 at 9:24
• $\begingroup$ @RockScience: I do have my own (shell-based) framework and so far it scales well and the performance is a dream, that said the downside is that the researchers I'm working with aren't exactly shell power users, they need some GUI/web goo. I'm currently trying to (ab)use semantic-scuttle (semanticscuttle.sourceforge.net), their feature set does what I want but their performance is horrendous. $\endgroup$ – hroptatyr Nov 8 '11 at 9:41
I like couchdb + couchapp for this. Each timeseries is a doc with a reference to a file somewhere, and you can just update with metadata as you go.
It's nice because all of your web views / interfaces are just a pure JavaScript / HTML + the js map/reduce view. Each one is small and self-contained, and doesn't require a separate app running somewhere.
In addition, you build some views for finding datasets according to your criteria. Everything is REST, so it's easy to wire up an app to query this.
To run a simulation / analysis job, you search for the datasets, pick up the right files, and run. Simulation results can then be stored in couch, with custom views to see results. Because entries are versioned, you can store a reference to a given piece of data, and then if you update it later, future searches pick up the newest version but old results are still valid.
Finally, couch lets you subscribe to an event stream of updates. So you can write something that listens for interesting updates / datasets and notifies the right people very easily.
Couchdb is good for availability but some pure js views are not extremely performant. For those, you can write native erlang map/reduce functions that are faster.
• $\begingroup$ Sounds definitely good, I'll look into that. I guess I wasn't after high performance when I asked for a web-based approach. But anything that can do a maintenance job in less than 24 hours every day is enough. I'll report back. $\endgroup$ – hroptatyr Nov 24 '11 at 21:28
• $\begingroup$ Ok, here's the report as promised. In essence all the features Dan described are there but it's not tailored to my specific needs, i.e. I had to more or less code a lot, not to say, all of it. I could turn the stuff I've written into some sort of (open-source) project but I'm a C and lisp programmer and so my js code is heavily influenced by that and probably not understandable enough to attract contributors. Also, the web design is something I'd rather clone from someone with experience, my understanding of UX and UI is nothing I should be paid for, to put it mildly. $\endgroup$ – hroptatyr Dec 29 '11 at 21:35
Like most software projects, your decision should be based on what your researchers intend to use the data for. Do they need mark-to-market for real-time or end-of-day reports or is it just for statistical analysis? Do they need bid-ask data? Tick data or minute bars? Is the data periodic or aperiodic?
For statistical analysis, the data format should be amenable to S-Plus, R, Matlab, or whatever statistical software is being used. For reports, your data might need to be stored in a column-based RDBMS or a kdb-type database. For simulations, it will depend on what the simulations are written in (C++, Java?) - a binary format may be fastest here, but it wouldn't be very portable to other uses. You may end up storing your data in multiple formats, but then you have to deal with keeping all your data in-sync.
The success of your project (measured by how much your data is used) will totally depend on how accessible your data is to your users. So, as you briefly touched upon, the aptitude of your users towards software/data will factor into your decisions. Talk to all your users to assess their needs - you need to discern their requirements clearly before you design your project into a sub-optimal direction.
• $\begingroup$ Well this question is specifically NOT about the data format as such, I want to find a way to manage the sheer number of time series, and not the contents of one time series. It's exactly the question is my data accessible to my users, and at the moment it's not, I'm talking about 20 million time series, of which only, say, 3000 represent e.g. coffee contracts (spot, futures, futures options). I'd like to tag all coffee contracts with the tag coffee and end-of-day spot summaries with, say, eod and spot. That's what I'm looking for. $\endgroup$ – hroptatyr Nov 21 '11 at 22:50
• $\begingroup$ Just write to a network/shared drive and store your tag, filepath/name in a RDBMS for easy lookup of the time-series? You could even store those summaries (eod, spot) in the RDBMS or some kind of data warehouse as none of these numbers will change over time (write once, read many). This may seem overly simple at first, but it is actually flexible enough so that if an end-user wants to find, say, all options on US 10Y futures which are still active, they can query the DB for locating the time-series. $\endgroup$ – kfmfe04 Nov 22 '11 at 2:17
• $\begingroup$ Yes, I completely agree with you. Though, that's the system we have in place right now and I was looking to turn it into a per-user tag cloud, so users can retag their and other tiny little subsets they're interested in. Also, users should be able to subscribe to a news feed so I can notify them about updates for their data. At one point I was thinking something like this stackexchange webapp could do it, with time series being single questions but now I'm starting my own thing based on what I saw in scuttle and KiTSM. $\endgroup$ – hroptatyr Nov 22 '11 at 8:03
Your Answer
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ds2 is a debug server designed to be used with LLDB to perform remote debugging
of Linux, Android, FreeBSD and Windows targets.
WWW: https://github.com/facebook/ds2
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '5c5ecbd7092f1d45132a1eaa2fb45412a64400cf1411f7db99d57758f376cc41'} |
Confidence interval question when population SD known
Im trying to understand why we can have situations where when trying to find a confidence interval we can know the population standard deviation but not the mean ?
If I know the standard deviation of the population wouldn't I have had to have known the population mean to calculate it ? Or I am I getting my terminology jumbled ?
Your understanding is correct.
This scenario is purely fabricated in textbooks to demonstrate how to calculate Confidence Interval's using Z-tables. In practice, I've never encountered a situation in which somehow I knew the population standard deviation and not the population mean. If such a case exists, I'd be curious to hear about it.
More realistically, you'll have data from which you can calculate a sample mean and a sample standard deviation, and use a t-test to produce Confidence Intervals.
It's a good question, and in general such a situation (knowing the population sd but not the mean) doesn't arise.
It might occur if you have past experience of a process in which you assume that an intervention may have caused only the mean to shift but the previously known (or effectively known) sd would be unchanged.
Note, however, that it is in fact possible to compute a variance without computing a mean - the population variance is half the average squared pairwise distance between points, and a similar calculation can be done for the sample variance, but it is not efficient to calculate it that way.
I have had at least one or two occasions to use a test where the variance was treated as known -- where sample means were the only thing known about the samples, but an upper bound on the population standard deviation was available.
(For example, with proportions, it's not unusual to take the worst case for the variance to compute margin of error; the same could be done with a test of proportions.)
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When people go off to college, they’re essentially “leaving the nest.” For the last 18 years they’ve lived in arm’s length of their parents, and then suddenly… it’s time to fly solo. This rang mostly true for me: upon moving into my dorm, I embraced a newfound independence. But I didn’t completely take flight until a year later when I moved again—only this time across the globe.
I lived abroad for three months during undergrad. Homebase was a hostel in Switzerland, but I spent most of my time roaming Europe: visiting the Eiffel Tower in Paris; peering in awe over the Cliffs of Moher in Ireland; and boating through the channels of Italy. The world was my classroom and my homework was to explore… but it didn’t go without some additional assigned reading—I was still a student, anyhow. While I must admit that I can’t recall a majority of those readings, there is one that stuck with me: an article about “coddling” and how this affects kids. Coddling is essentially the act of overprotecting. And the gist of the article was that parents who coddle their children—sometimes referred to as “helicopter parents”—can hinder their kids’ growth and development.
I couldn’t have read this article at a more relevant time. My journey out of the country was testing my abilities, my values, and my maturity—all of which I developed over the last decade with a little help from my mom and dad. In my opinion, they mastered the art of parenting: they knew when and how much to give; they stepped in when I needed their expertise; and most importantly, they let me live and learn. Thanks to them and the parenting style they assumed, I was equipped for my trip—and ultimately for adulthood. But that isn’t always the case. Parents may just as easily adapt harmful habits such as coddling, which can negatively affect their kids, as explained in that article I read years ago. Here are four of those potential harmful effects:
1) Low self-esteem
An individual’s self-esteem relies heavily on tackling goals or challenges and accomplishing those feats on their own. This, however, is unlikely to happen if an overprotective parent is in the picture. Consider the following: Curtis was just taken out of his soccer game after only a few minutes of play-time. Before he can talk to his coach about it, his angry mother steps in and criticizes Coach Jeffrey, while Curtis stands idly by. Curtis’s mother shouldn’t have swooped in; she should’ve given her son the chance to handle it. Assessing and managing situations of the like are crucial to the development of a child’s self-esteem.
2) Entitlement
Helicopter parents often cultivate a sense of entitlement in their children: they rarely (if ever) say the word “no,” they cater to their kid’s every request, and they do whatever it takes to protect them from getting disappointed. Parents may sincerely believe they’re doing it for the betterment of their child—but what often results is an entitled individual,
who expects to be handed everything they want in life. Instead, parents should allow their child to experience a little disappointment (nobody said you couldn’t comfort them) and teach them that nothing’s to be taken for granted—they must work for it.
3) Risky Behavior
If parents hover too close, they run the risk of raising a risk-taking child or teenager. Kids who feel overwhelmed by their parents are more likely to engage in risky behavior when presented the opportunity because they’ve been denied that freedom and independence for so long. They’ll jump at every opportunity to take control and test the boundaries, which may involve dangerous activities like experimenting with drugs and alcohol. To prevent your child from engaging in risky behavior, it is important parents given them room to breathe and help them develop a sense of responsibility.
4) Anxiety
Coddling your kids can even lead to the development of certain mental illnesses, such as anxiety. It’s understandable for a parent to hesitate loosening the leash… freeing their child to make their own decisions, to learn from their own mistakes—but doing so is essential to a child’s development. If you instead step in to catch every curveball thrown their way, they’ll prove ill-equipped and afraid to take on the slightest of challenges alone. Ease up on that grip, knowing it’s in the best interest of your child, their development, and their mental health. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9707682132720948}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '113012', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:N25TCFSBQ5XCULIUSJ6VLLC7RPFOOMS5', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:ef353dd6-5d10-41cf-9d6b-2887aff0e09f>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2022, 11, 28, 21, 22, 16), 'WARC-IP-Address': '208.69.180.13', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:AGVTZIXAFUWUQQ53KAJMUFBL7TV6RKJJ', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:a0e76319-fa99-4fea-91ac-0bf62e2d38aa>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://thriveworks.com/blog/coddling-potential-harmful-effects/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:e8b30b0d-b8ed-40ac-88c8-76333844c22b>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '729', 'url': 'https://thriveworks.com/blog/coddling-potential-harmful-effects/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2022-49\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November/December 2022\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-40\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.19 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.4-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.19231712818145752', 'original_id': '560e1a952384a591323d9bf5c18efe6c476ed8eaa5a5d1215929963b60b35c9b'} |
THE OVERALL GAME of Casino Baccarat
THE OVERALL GAME of Casino Baccarat
Bankers make best use of the situation when baccarat players don’t know what they are doing. The more experienced players can usually determine which cards are much better than others by observing the way the others play their hand, but beginners tend to be lost. They have no idea when to bet and how much to bet, and they may not even understand how to play the game! In order for a player to learn the tricks of the trade, it is important that she or he watches every phase of the game. Watching the banker carefully will help the player to predict the very best times to bet and win.
casino baccarat
One way to learn the intricacies of baccarat is to take notice of the casino dealers. When players head to casino casinos, they often do not start to see the dealers themselves. Instead, they watch the dealers assign hands to players, inform them what cards to bet and how much to bet, and then escape with it. Seeing the dealer in action is like witnessing a specialist in the overall game. Watching the dealer and his or her assistants at the casino show how savvy the casino is, and provides beginners an invaluable peek into how the game is played.
You can find three forms of baccarat, American, European and Singaporean. Each type has its own unique format. American casino style baccarat is dealt from the dealer table, and European style is dealt over some betting channels. The channel system is a unique way of betting where one can place their bet directly contrary to the dealer table, and the dealer marks the card for you if you win. The American style is simpler to learn, as most games follow exactly the same format. However, the Europeans tend to be better to learn because Europe uses more advanced betting methods than the US.
Along with watching the banker, players also needs to focus on the deuces counters on either side of the table. Both counters, called “des jux” or “de ferrets”, are accustomed to signify what hand the banker has on. If the banker has seven cards, the players know for certain that the hand is a full house. In a European game, the deuces counter is usually used to point a straight flush, that is not a legal occurrence in lots of casinos.
Next, the players should quickly figure out if the banker has any cards up for grabs. Every card has an exact numeric value called 인터넷 카지노 the point value. The point value is always equal to the sum of the the two lowest numbers on the cards. Once the player knows the idea value for each card, they’ll know if the banker has more cards up for grabs.
Many games work with a secondary tie-break mechanism to determine if a banker is having a good season. In baccarat, in case a player has more pairs, the tie-breaker is founded on whether they have higher hands than their opponents. There are several ways in which players can show they have higher hands than their opponents by counting the amount of times that they say “I” or “We”. Once the player who has the highest total of “I’s” wins a tie break, that player is given the win.
Oftentimes the actual betting starts off with a minimum of two face cards. Players may also use a single face card if they feel that the banker includes a better hand. A minimum of three face cards are usually required in order to make a full house in baccarat. Following the minimum of two face cards is reached, another players will then start betting according to the number of face cards left up for grabs. In a full house game, players may bet around ten thousand dollars on each table.
In some cases the player with the most chips by the end wins a mini-baccarat. When multiple player is involved in a mini-baccarat game, the overall game is actually a trifecta. The terms mini-baccarat and trifecta are employed in order to describe the final phase of a mini-baccarat game. In a trifecta all winning bets are created on a single turn.
vaping health
The vapors and smoke that are produced by E-Liquids are calling Vaping Health. E-Liquids have already been touted as safer to use than traditional cigarettes. Many claim this is a healthy alternative to smoking. There are several questions Puff Bar Flavors surrounding the utilization of E-Liquids and whether or not they are really safe to utilize. Most of the information on the market has been disputed and happens to be in the process to be refined.
The vapor from an electronic Cigarette is different from that from the traditional cigarette. E-Liquids do not contain nicotine, tar or ammonia. Through the use of them, you are reducing the risk of certain cancer and nicotine-related diseases. There are many potential risks connected with E-Liquids but these are significantly less serious than the risks posed by smoking.
E-Liquids aren’t considered a safe option to smoking by most but it is still better to utilize them. By reducing the chance of some cancers you are also reducing the risk of most other tobacco based diseases and death from heart disease and cancer. By choosing to use e-cigarette over traditional cigarettes you’re creating a long-term healthier choice.
You will find a lot of controversy surrounding e-cigarette companies because they’re not necessary to list ingredients in their E-Liquids. The FDA will not regulate the manufacturing of E-Liquids and does not require any warning concerning the dangers of vapors or lung damage. Lots of people argue that there is absolutely no difference between E-Liquids and regular cigarettes, except that with e-cigarette there exists a lower concentration of nicotine in the vapor and smoke. Many doctors say that the nicotine within e-cigarette is lower than that found in smoke which makes them less harmful for the lungs and body.
There are also many health risks involved when using E-Cigarettes. Nicotine can make you light-headed and you may find that you become irritated by food items and drinks. E-Cigarettes do not contain tar and carbon dioxide, so you will have exactly the same nicotine level as you’ll have if you smoked a standard cigarette. However if you smoke tobacco cigarettes regularly then you should consider quitting or reducing your cigarette consumption because the longer you utilize them the more you put into your body.
There are various chemicals and toxins that you’ll put into your body when you smoke tobacco cigarettes such as nicotine, tar, carbon monoxide, and a large number of other chemicals. Some of these chemicals could be hazardous to your wellbeing and lead to a variety of different diseases. Although E-Liquids usually do not contain these hazardous chemicals and carcinogens E-Cigarettes are just as bad for your wellbeing as regular cigarettes if you’re not careful. When you use an E-Cigarette you’re inhaling a chemical mixture that consists mostly of nicotine and sometimes other chemicals. The chemicals in E-Liquids could be highly toxic and result in a wide range of different ailments such as for example: heart problems, lung disease, cancer, and allergies to different chemicals.
Another major nervous about E-Cigs is the long-term health threats that they pose to users. E-Cigarette users are more likely to develop cancers and other ailments than non-users of E-Cigarettes. These chemicals that are found in E-Cigarettes are known carcinogens and toxins and many of them have been linked to numerous kinds of cancers including: oral, lung, mouth, prostate, and breast cancer. E-Cigarette users are also more likely to have problems with chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and chronic obstruction of the airways that causes breathing problems such as wheezing and snoring.
If you are concerned about the health risks of E-Liquids then it is time to stop and really take a good look at the alternatives that are offered to you. Stop smoking through the help of the number one stop smoking program in the world and instantly stop your cravings with the main mind block system in the world. Stop fretting about the possible harmful health threats connected with E-Cigarettes and quit now. Stop smoking with the help of the main stop smoking program in the world.
How to Vaporize Your Own Liquids
vape cigarette
How to Vaporize Your Own Liquids
Everybody knows that vaporizers and e-cigs are becoming more popular as time goes by. However, the newest entrant into the market is the Vape Cigarette. These cigarettes look just like a regular cigarette, but only you inhale vapors. Some individuals call them electronic cigarettes, but technically they don’t contain any electronic components. In fact, the electronic component is the heating element that produces the vapor rather than a power plug or battery.
The key reason why there is such a big fuss concerning the Vape Cigarette is due to it’s relatively new alternative to traditional cigarette smoking. For many years, smoking had become an addiction just as addictive as heroin, cocaine or methamphetamine. Once a person became addicted to cigarettes, it Vape Pen had been just a matter of time before they truly became addicted to tobacco in general. Even if you did not smoke cigarettes at that time, you likely have tried smoking some form of tobacco product at some time in your life. Now you are thinking that you would never desire to start smoking again, but unfortunately, this is exactly what happens when you make an effort to quit smoking using a conventional cigarette.
There is nothing inherently wrong with quitting smoking utilizing an e-cig. In fact, vaporizing your own nicotine is often much better than smoking something else. The majority of the harmful toxins associated with using tobacco are eliminated through vaporization. Not only does it eliminate these toxins, it also eliminates almost all of the chemicals and toxins within traditional cigarettes. You may use vapor to cure certain ailments and alleviate symptoms associated with diseases such as asthma. You can even use vapor to lose excess weight and to decrease the level of stress in your body.
Many people who have successfully been able to quit smoking using an e-cig have also been in a position to stop using them completely. These folks maintained a high degree of happiness and found that they actually enjoyed smoking again. Though it is quite amazing, vapor from an e-cig does not smell like cigarettes at all, and it is completely odorless.
The difference between normal cigarettes and e cigarettes is that liquids are vaporized through electronic heating. The process is extremely simple. It is designed so that you do not have to manually inhale the liquid, which is already highly flavored. You simply put the liquid in to the mouthpiece, that is typically small enough to be held in one hand. Most of cigarettes resemble pens or other writing instruments, and they can also come in different shapes.
Unlike regular cigarettes and e-cigs, e cigarettes are available virtually everywhere. You could find them at your neighborhood drug store, grocery store and also gas stations. The problem with these is that there exists a wide cost range between individual units, so you may not be able to afford a complete cart of e Cigs. However, there are several retailers who offer starter sets offering several flavors of the Cigs, along with the vaporizer and charger.
The process of vaporizing liquid is simple as well. There are various websites on the web that outline the steps to successfully vaporize your personal E-Cig. Some instructional guides offer step-by-step directions, while others just detail what should be done in detail. There is really no need to have a qualification in chemistry to know how to vaporize your own E-Cig liquids.
One important thing to keep in mind about E liquids cigarettes and e-cigs, is that vapor is a lot more harmful to your lungs than is smoke. Smoke is easily breathed in and inhaled without notice, while liquid must be swished around in the mouth area and nose for some minutes before released into your lungs. The vapor is also much more difficult to eliminate from your lungs. To greatly help protect your lungs, it is important that you only take short sips of one’s E liquids cigarettes or e-cigs. Taking large gulps will release a substantial amount of vapor in to the air and won’t help you at all. Taking smaller sips gives your lungs an opportunity to breathe and the vapor will be simpler to expel.
Playing Baccarat Online
Playing Baccarat Online
Baccarat is a game that’s played in casinos, it is one of many easier games to understand and play. Additionally it is known as the game of the ladies as the key players are all women. Women usually win more in baccarat than men, but that does not mean that men shouldn’t play the game. With the right baccarat strategy, you can enhance your house edge and make even more money.
baccarat online
You can find different types of baccarat online casinos that offer different game variations. One of the most popular variations is TEXAS HOLD EM. It is possible to take this version to most places where you would play poker and enjoy a great time with friends and family. Some of the baccarat online casinos offering the poker version include Party Poker, Paradise Poker, and GoldenPalace.
The very best baccarat online casinos will offer you the best bonuses for people who play baccarat online. Free baccarat online casino will give players extra cash in their account if they win money from online baccarat games. There are lots of casino sites that offer free baccarat online casino promotions and there is no limit as to just how many times players can register and play. Players will get generous welcome bonuses by simply registering. These welcome bonuses can amount to a lot of money.
In america, baccarat can be played at a number of online gambling websites. Occasionally, you can find that certain gambling websites will not allow players to play baccarat for free. This is because baccarat is very popular in america and there are many individuals who live in the state. However, there are a few gambling websites in hawaii that may give players free baccarat online. One of many gambling websites which will give new players free baccarat is Bluefire gaming.
There are three varieties of baccarat; one may be the European baccarat, that is a variation of the traditional game. The second type of baccarat is the “ultra baccarat” or European style baccarat. The final variety of baccarat may be the card-based version which involves playing with the baccarat game board or a deck of cards. Players can select from using either seven or eight decks dealer.
In an eight-card game of baccarat, players can select a dealer who will sit at a table with them. They will place their money up for grabs in marked play money. The dealer will deal twenty-two cards to each player face down.
Oftentimes, online casinos provides bonuses to players who choose to play baccarat with them. Typically, the bonus is by means of free cards or reduced winnings. Without everyone will win the bonus, players who do could find themselves at an advantage if they are dealt their first card. That’s as the casino makes a small benefit from players who have yet to see their initial hand of cards. That said, bonuses should only be utilized as a means to getting players started at a casino with low minimum bets; it will never be relied on as a way of winning money.
When players are dealt their first cards, they may notice that their cards are different than those in the baccarat game. This is due to the cards dealt are usually much lighter compared to the cards in a live baccarat game. Since baccarat is a casino game, the dealer use a device known as a die to determine the cards which are in play. As the die is rolling, the ball player who rolled the die will notice a telltale change in the positioning of mgm 카지노 their cards. If the player sees that their cards have changed, they have just barely made the first strike at luck when playing baccarat online.
Why Vaporizers Are MUCH BETTER THAN Traditional Cigarettes to Quit Smoking
Why Vaporizers Are MUCH BETTER THAN Traditional Cigarettes to Quit Smoking
If you’re not sure what an electric cigarette or e-cigs are really, then continue reading. Both a flavored vaporizer and an electric cigar are electronic cigarettes. However they differ because their components are different.
An electric cigarette is essentially an electric device which simulates traditional tobacco smoking. It includes a coil, a voltage source just like a battery, and an interior container such as a tank or cartridge. Instead of smoke, the average person inhales only vapor. As such, using an electronic cigarette is generally described as “vaping” or “nicotine-free smoking”. It may also be smoked rather than counting on a vaporizer.
Electric cigarettes are completely safe. A lot of them have a low nicotine content, so that they are completely safe to use in case you have a smoke addiction. Many of them aren’t addictive. E-juice in e cigarettes has less harmful ingredients than traditional cigarettes but still provides the same satisfaction. Actually, it is reported that lots of smokers who quit cold turkey actually prefer smoking an e-liquid over smoking the cigarettes again.
Although it is a undeniable fact that nicotine is addictive, there is absolutely no proof that e-juice is bad for cigarettes. E-juice replaces the nicotine in one’s body with a sweet-smelling and flavorful alternative. By replacing the nicotine, it reduces the craving for cigarettes, thus, reducing the opportunity to develop nicotine addiction. However, it is extremely important to note that nicotine continues to be a poison that may damage your body in various ways. Nicotine may be one of the harmful substances known to man. The effects of nicotine on your body include:
Statistics have shown that more teenagers are turning to electronic cigarettes so as to help them quit the habit. That is attributed to their being truly a less harmful option to smoking. This means that the number of youth smokers is increasing as well. Most of these teenagers that are embracing e-cigarettes are those who would like to stop smoking cigarettes. A lot of them also are attempting to free themselves of the horrible symptoms that come with nicotine withdrawal, such as: depression, irritability, cravings and headaches.
One of the greatest benefits of vaporizing your bladders is that it will make you less bad for your health. There are a great number of negative health effects associated with smoking cigarettes. Nicotine is among the most harmful chemicals found in tobacco products. When you smoke an e cigarette, you are not putting any toxic chemicals into your system. You’re only shifting the nicotine into a harmless alternative form.
E-liquids are healthier than traditional tobacco cigarettes since they usually do not contain dangerous chemicals that can cause health problems when they are burned or smoked. When you vaporize your liquids rather than smoking them, you eliminate most of the harmful chemicals which come from the burning of the chemicals. One of these of the chemical that’s found in a great deal of traditional cigarettes is ammonia. Ammonia is really very dangerous for your health. By eliminating this specific chemical, you will be making yourself a more healthy individual as well as your body will benefit greatly as a result.
One last benefit that you will receive by using vaporizing devices to give up smoking is that you will be saving a lot of cash. If you are much smoker, then it is not surprising that you are spending a good deal of money on cigarettes every month. By using a vaporizer to give up smoking, you can save quite a bit of money since you will no longer need to buy flavored tobacco or gums. All you will need to purchase may be the device itself and the liquid that you wish to put into it. Vaping lets you get all of the great things about smoking while still quitting some of the harmful things that come with it.
Slot games have become popular with people of all ages. It’s fun, it’s convenient, it is possible to win money and it’s an easy task to play! But how much do you know about the slot machines? There are lots of slot machines available on the Internet and in video arcades, nevertheless, you need to know a little bit about each one and that means you get the most out of your gambling experience. Slot machines can be found in two varieties, real and digital.
slot games
A real slot machine, called the fruit machine, potted, the slot games, fruit machines or slot machines, is basically a gambling device that generates a spin off game because of its users. In some casinos you’ll find the fruit machines with colorful lights, sounds or even sounds and music. Allowing you are feeling like you’re really at the casino when you win. Real slots are controlled by way of a pull tab mechanism, which means you must pull the handle before hitting the spin button and the device will spin and give you your winnings.
Digital slots are very popular in today’s online casinos, because they require no pull tab. Digital slots are similar to the traditional style fruit machines except they don’t really use the lever or a lever. Instead you use your personal skill to spin the reels. Exactly like in real slot games, winning requires skill rather than luck.
Prior to starting to play an online slot game, you need to decide what you are going to bet on. Most online casinos will offer two types of bets, a normal bet and a progressive bet. A regular bet is merely what it appears like; it’s simply everything you bet on within the slot game. Your regular bet will stay the same throughout the entire game, and the progressive bet amount will increase together with the jackpot size. Most progressive slot games have the very least bet required, but some usually do not.
Generally in most casino games, winning requires patience. Although you can find no other winners in online slots, there are certain requirements that must be met in order to win. One requirement is that you hit all five symbols in a row. Another requirement is that you don’t touch the reels for at the very least two seconds.
Lots of the online casinos offer various bonuses as incentives for playing their slot games. The slot game bonuses offered by online casinos are created to help you win more money. One of the most common bonuses provided by online casinos include welcome bonuses, monthly specials, and free spins.
Slots are popular because they can be played from home, so this provides people who have the opportunity to be a part of casino games from the comfort of their own homes. You can select from multiple casino games, and you also have many online slots to choose from. The graphics in slots resemble those of traditional slot machines, so it’s an easy task to mistake one for another. Slots have become much like video poker, but there are several differences, such as the lack of bonus chips in online slots. When playing video poker, you will receive bonus chips each and every time you win a pot.
While slots can be quite a fun and exciting game, playing online casinos and slots can be risky, especially if you’re new to the slot game. Always make sure that you’ve read the instructions and know your limits before you start playing. Be sure you practice your strategy before actually placing a bet. Once you learn the intricacies of slot games, you may become an expert.
If you’re likely to play slot games, then you need to know how much to bet. This is important, because too much money will only go to the losing side, and that means you should only play with money that you may afford to lose. Once you have gotten a feel for the slot machine game, then you can increase your stake, but only up to a certain limit. For example, if you bet $200 on a slot machine, then you’ll only get to win that amount. As soon as you cross that limit, you need to leave or stop playing, which means that you’re actually losing money if you keep playing.
Be familiar with the speed of slots, because you don’t want to get stuck looking forward to the restore to pay out. Most of the slots today xo 카지노 are programmed to let you play for a certain amount of time. Once that time runs out, then you’ve got to walk away. That means that should you leave a slot machine game running, and it doesn’t pay out, then you’ll have to walk away from that casino. Be familiar with this, and take your time when playing slots.
Most of all, remember never to get excited when playing slot games. This may lead to an unnecessary lack of money and may sometimes lead visitors to play with their emotions instead of their logic. You need to have a level head when playing slot games, and keep your wits about you. Playing slot games can be entertaining, but only when you play according to a set of rules. If you don’t mind being in an uncomfortable casino, then slot machine gambling can be a lot of fun.
What’s Vaping? – Preventing the Common Mistake of Blaming Everything That Doesn’t Smell Like Cigarettes
what is vaping
What’s E-Cigarette? An electronic cigarette is actually an electronic device which replicates traditional tobacco cigarettes. It basically includes an atomizer, a power power source such as a rechargeable battery, and a cover just like a tank or cartridge.
Instead of cigarette smoke, the buyer smokes vapor. Like other electronic cigarettes, it usually includes a mouthpiece which holds the electronic cigarette and places the heated coils inside the vaporizer. The vapor itself is why is the e-juice. This is created by mixing water and the e-liquid. In traditional e-juice, you can taste nicotine. But with electric cigarettes, you get no nicotine, just vapor.
E-Cigarettes are excellent because they’re convenient and healthy. They do not contain any tobacco at all. But unlike normal tobacco cigarettes, e-cigs contain only herbal extracts and propylene glycol (a food preservative). So it’s definitely a healthier alternative. Because it does not contain tobacco, it generally does not have the tar and other chemicals found in regular tobacco cigarettes.
But what’s even better concerning this is that it has significantly reduced harmful chemicals compared to normal tobacco cigarettes. One of many worst reasons for having tobacco is that it contains tons of dangerous chemicals. Those chemicals can cause diseases such as lung cancer and mouth cancer, amongst others. By vaporizing it, you avoid getting these harmful chemical compounds into your lungs. But this is not the end of it; your lungs get purified as well.
Electronic cigarettes are also significantly less harmful than smoking. It’s not only less dangerous but it is also less expensive. Additionally it is less time consuming since you do not have to venture out to buy liquid or refill your cartridge once in awhile. You just play the electronic cigarette, take it out, and you are all set. It is also easy to maintain because you have to change the liquid into new cartridges every so often.
Therefore the benefits of E-Cigarettes far outweigh the risks. Why do people still smoke? Well, here are a few factors which come into play. One may be the social facet of smoking, which can’t be totally eliminated. Another factor is the proven fact that nicotine in cigarettes has a certain “high,” making nicotine addiction harder to break than other drugs like alcohol or cocaine.
Also, young people are very vulnerable to nicotine addiction, which is probably the biggest reason why they still smoke. Young people also have the inability to stop once they start. Unless they use an electric vaporizer, they will continue to smoke until they can no longer stand the taste. A vaporizer will help break their nicotine addiction, providing them with a new alternative should they really want to stop smoking forever.
So, is Vaporizing harmful? The solution to that question depends upon how you use it. If you are using e-cigs which contain only water vapor, or menthol, or simply fruit flavors, then vaporizing is safe. Otherwise, you need to take your chances and avoid e-cigs completely.
Electronic cigarettes that contain more nicotine may cause more health threats than vaporizing ones do. Nicotine itself is fairly harmful to the body, but excessive degrees of nicotine in cigarettes are a lot more dangerous. This is because, as time passes, nicotine levels in cigarettes can Vape Pen Battery build up to unhealthy levels. In cases like this, using electronic cigarettes rather than regular ones could possibly be beneficial.
Some vapers are embracing liquid nicotine and clear water to do the job. This means that the person must constantly replace his liquid supply with e-juice, that could potentially be harmful. Since electric cigarettes don’t feel the same process as normal cigarettes when converting liquid into vapor, the product may not get to the point where harmful toxins can be found. The e-juice in some liquid smokers contains harmful ingredients, such as for example glycerine and caramel coloring.
Possibly the biggest danger of what’s vaporizing is that it can encourage youngsters to start smoking. Many young people, particularly young men, enjoy the notion of vaporizing regular cigarettes, given that they believe that they taste much better than the normal stuff. However, they could end up putting these cigarettes down one day if they realize how harmful they really are. E-juices and other types of liquid are a much healthier option for young people to choose over regular cigarettes. It must be mentioned that many e-cigarettes have a minimal maximum temperature, so youngsters that are trying to quit smoking could find that they can’t get the same results by vaporizing without using an e-juice.
What’s vaporizing is an interesting topic. However, there is no clear-cut answer as to what is vaporizing and what it isn’t. While there are a few opinions on the matter, experts agree that it is far better avoid discussing this issue entirely, especially when teenagers are involved. It might be best to simply leave the topic alone before youngsters are old enough to choose for themselves.
Dangers of Vaping – How E-Cigs AREN’T As Harmless As They Claim
Many people can see the dangers of vaporing. Some never smoke a single cigarette again, but others have discovered that it has become part of their lives. Fortunately that there are methods to greatly reduce the dangers of vaporing. But moreover, there are methods to significantly decrease the damage vaporizing can perform to your lungs.
dangers of vaping
There is no doubt that vaporizing marijuana along with other drugs could be dangerous. But mounting scientific evidence is highlighting the dangers of vaporizing other drugs and proving why it really is just as dangerous as smoking. Vaping basically involves the inhalation of a heated, vaporized substance through a battery-powered device just like a cigarette or e-pipe. Exactly like smoking, regular use of vaporizing products can cause harm to major organs in the body like the brain, heart, and lungs. And long-term use can also result in fatal diseases.
One of the common dangers of vaporizing may be the chemicals and toxins released into the air during inhalation. The chemicals vaporized in vaporizers can irritate the respiratory system and cause inflammation. This is the reason it is especially vital that you avoid vaporizing if you curently have an existing respiratory illness or condition. By not vaporizing your medicine, you are in effect exposing you to ultimately further health threats.
Nicotine is a highly addictive drug that is also found in pipes. It’s been known to be highly addictive, particularly when it is combined with the highly addictive substance cocaine. While there is no clear evidence of this, young adults have already been recognized to start smoking only after using cocaine. So it’s entirely possible that young adults have become addicted to both cocaine and nicotine, which explain the fact that one in four adults said that they smoked one or more times in the last year.
Nicotine addiction is especially dangerous because it can’t be stopped by the average person. Most smokers have been unable to stop using the substance because of their reliance on cigarettes. Even with years of trying, they still inhale nicotine and don’t realize that they will have become hooked to it. Due to this, they face a higher risk of developing cancer and other tobacco-related diseases. And even though e-cigarette users do not face as high of a risk of developing a cancer as cigarette smokers, in addition they face the chance of developing psychological addiction that can hinder their ability to quit completely.
But the worst health risks of e-cigarette use may be the chemicals found in them. E-juice and glycerin are some of the most commonly used ingredients in the smokes. One of the most common chemicals contained in e-juice are propylene glycol (the same chemical that is found in antifreeze), ethylene glycol and propylene glycol. These chemicals are known to cause severe damage to the digestive tract.
Some people believe the dangers of smoking a cigarette are just related to the chemicals found in the cigarettes, there are certain cases where people face serious health risks when they utilize the cigarettes. For example, one study showed that utilizing the cigarettes when driving escalates the chances of getting into a car crash by twenty percent. Another study completed on lab rats showed that long-term smokers face a higher risk of developing cancer. Nicotine and tar particles that come from a cigarette are also big factors why so many pregnant women have problems with nausea and morning sickness. The longer you use cigarettes, the higher your likelihood of getting Vape Pen cancer and other diseases.
It’s true that the cigarettes aren’t as bad for health as combustible cigarette smoking, but it’s important to understand that they still contain dangerous ingredients. Hence, it is usually better to rely on an ex-smoker’s guide instead of making things yourself. Take out some time to browse the internet or pick up a best-selling book concerning the dangers of vapes and you will be well on your way to stopping the habit once and for all.
E-Cigarettes and Vaping Health Risks
E-Cigarettes and Vaping Health Risks
The E-Cigarette has been on the market for under 5 years but has already created a revolution in the world of quitting smoking and contains significantly increased the smoking prevalence around the globe. There are many benefits to be derived from E-Cigarettes, like the fact that they are much less harmful than traditional cigarettes, there is no poison or tar used and there is no second hand smoke produced by these devices. However, you will find a negative side to E-Cigs aswell and that is EightVape the truth that E-Cigarettes aren’t healthy.
vaping health
Nicotine is really a highly addictive substance and just like any other drug there are plenty of health risks connected with E-Cigarette use. Nicotine is highly toxic and is highly resistant to drying out. Furthermore nicotine is a substance that is very difficult to metabolize and does not break down in the body quickly. It can take up to a year for the body to break down a single cigarette containing the maximum nicotine level, and if you’re continuously puffing you’re increasing the amount of nicotine intake your body receives and this can ultimately result in serious health threats.
Many experts believe that the key reason why e-cigarette users have increased the number of nicotine that they consume is because they could puff away without fretting about damaging their lungs and their throat or any other part of their body. E-Cigarettes allow users to sidestep the harm that is caused by smoking and instead develop a harmless vapor that provides satisfying nicotine levels minus the harmful effects of smoke. However, all this depends on the things that are contained within E-Cigarettes. The chemicals which are found within are what make vaping so addictive to begin with and these chemicals must be taken very seriously.
It is very important understand the ingredients that are contained within E-Cigarettes in order that you are aware of everything you are smoking and the potential health issues that you could be exposing yourself to. The ingredients that are located within E-Cigarette juices and oils can prove to be very harmful when there is continued use. Nicotine and other chemicals in vapor can persuade cause many different diseases including cardiovascular disease, cancer, and even stroke. If you are thinking about using E-Cigarettes, it is best that you get rid of any cigarettes as well which means you do not create any cross-contamination with your own E-Cigarette.
By using E-Cigs, you’re putting something into your mouth and you may also be putting something into your system. Nicotine and other toxins which are present in using tobacco will enter your bloodstream when you ingest that second cigarette from an E-Cig. Once this happens, the body becomes reliant on the E-Cig for exactly the same nicotine level that it used to get from cigarette smoking. Therefore, it can make you crave cigarettes and finally become dependent on them. Actually, many people find yourself changing their life time around because of the addiction that they have problems with E-Cigarettes and the associated smoking.
Another danger is that with the continued usage of these e-cigarettes, you will have dramatically increased the number of toxins and carcinogens that you will be inhaling into your blood stream. Additionally, regular cigarettes may contain much more chemicals than an E-Cig since it has more additives. There are various kinds of E-Cigarette liquids that you could choose from including fruit flavors, chocolate, or mints. It is important that you find one that does not contain chemicals and nicotine; however, this is simply not always possible. Many of these products do contain such things as artificial sweeteners, colors, artificial flavors, and other chemicals that are toxic to the body and may lead to diseases such as for example cancer or cardiovascular disease.
You will find a solution to this problem in fact it is called quitting smoking cigarettes or going cold turkey. This can be a process that is undertaken by many E-Cigarette users also it works great because it eliminates the psychological addiction that you have to smoking cigarettes. You will never experience the psychologically induced cravings that you usually do when you are smoking cigarettes, therefore, you won’t experience nicotine addiction. In addition to that, it also makes quitting easier because you aren’t constantly thinking about everything you will have to smoke in the morning.
When all is said and done, it would appear that there are no significant health threats associated with E-Cigarettes. However, you should still consult with your doctor if you smoke, whether you decide to quit or not. You might discover that your system is in dire need of the nutrients that you are missing as you are consuming an unhealthy substitute. Furthermore, quitting smoking will help you shed excess weight which will help you avoid additional health threats. Therefore, you should research E-Cigarette liquids meticulously before you buy them.
The Exciting World of Mobile Gambling
Mobile gambling
The Exciting World of Mobile Gambling
What is Mobile gambling? It is a relatively new proven fact that places a lot of stress on the player, who must synchronize their real-time movements with their virtual gambling efforts instantly. For most players that is still somewhat new and unexplored territory, however the potential to make money is very real. In fact, if you are not already a gambler, you may well be wondering how you can profit from Mobile gambling.
The main element to profiting from mobile gambling behaviour is understanding its cycles and its own relationship to extinction. Like all types of gambling the key to profiting from mobile gambling would be to know when to quit. Much like all gambling you’ll be able to get caught up in the excitement of the moment and lose an eye on reality, or worse put your casino funds at risk. When this happens it is very important remember that the human mind has evolved to behave in exactly the same predictable ways and that it will not be long before another band of players come online to make use of the same behavioural pattern.
You can find two basic factors that set Mobile gambling aside from other online gambling experiences. Firstly there is absolutely no limit. Players can place bets up to the amount of cash they have in their Virtual wallets and can win or lose exactly like they might in a live casino. This provides the basis for what is known as perseverative behaviour, which means that after you have lost many times in a row you’ll begin to expect more losses and will play less as you feel frustrated. This combined with the insufficient visible, tangible assets to fall back on and the absence of a reliable service provider creates a perfect environment for players to play on the instinct, which may not pay off.
The second defining characteristic of Mobile gambling is its mobility. The popularity of smartphones and cellular devices is growing exponentially and this has led developers to make a range of unique applications which take advantage of the benefits of using the mobile phone. Popular examples include casino games which are now on the Android platform and which may be played from anywhere there is a decent mobile network. Additionally, there are a number of games which is often played directly on these devices or downloaded onto a computer and then played from the phone. There are even gambling-related applications and this can be installed right onto these devices and used to get tickets and track their progress in real time. With so many different uses for the smartphone and the increasing popularity of smart phones, it really is little wonder that more folks are beginning to utilize them as a way to obtain entertainment rather than just staying home.
Another feature of mobile gambling is that it is centered on social media. Social media marketing has opened up a fresh and exciting opportunity for players and they are taking full benefit of this. Gamers who spend a lot of time playing Mobile gambling apps are usually social by nature plus they enjoy meeting new people, getting together with them, discussing their experiences and sharing stories concerning the games they’re playing. Gamers may also be looking to share a common moments through various social media outlets such as for example Facebook and Twitter. These players tend to follow other players which new interaction can result in friendships and long term relationships.
With more and more people spending a lot of time on their cellular devices, it only makes sense to create casino games for the unit as well. With this thought, a number of different online gambling websites have begun to develop casino games specifically for the growing amount of mobile gambling enthusiasts. Although there’s still a great deal of work to be achieved to integrate the mobile gambling experience with other forms of online gambling, this trend keeps growing at an incredible rate. It isn’t hard to see why lots of people find the idea of being able to play a common casino games on their cell phones, something that they just can’t live without.
As more people learn about the different great things about online gambling, they will inevitably come across the thought of using mobile gambling devices aswell. It is a positive thing as it shows that people are becoming increasingly alert to the potential benefits of mobile gaming. Actually, as technology improves, the kind of mobile casino apps that people see today will still only grow and improve. With this thought, you may expect mobile gambling to keep to become more popular and sophisticated later on.
Mobile gaming is merely taking the thought of “location-based gaming” to the next level. The application of your cell phone, smartphone or another small device permits you to play the same games you would play if you were playing at a land 온라인 카지노 사이트 based casino. Today, you have even the opportunity to make the most of free Bingo sites from your laptop or mobile device! As you can plainly see, there are many exciting benefits to be found when you use a mobile device to take pleasure from the thrill of gambling! | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '367', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9590654373168944}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '72624', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:FGFRY5L77D7RTVNOUKSESGOECZJ75NUL', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:de3c737f-1d71-49f6-805e-b707f9507423>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 6, 22, 19, 7, 24), 'WARC-IP-Address': '172.67.177.42', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:YYPWLY2NLANMIWR7OJ5WVB45LXFXEPIE', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:1b0afcf5-3167-465b-900a-281396ebdbe2>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://walker929.2225harvard.com/archives/author/walker929', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:e5695961-934f-49ad-9063-131d4c591740>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '7567', 'url': 'https://walker929.2225harvard.com/archives/author/walker929', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-25\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for June 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-19.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.1329132318496704', 'original_id': '8c7aa6911109513e37d7d124ab74f7f0fe516433f442a2655a5dce187681be7f'} |
3. The sleeve of claim 1, wherein the single-use releasable weld is configured to separate if a pressure exerted on the limb over which the sleeve is positioned reaches a venous occlusion pressure.
4. The sleeve of claim 1, wherein the single-use releasable weld is manually tearable to permit removal of the sleeve from the limb in directions lateral to the limb.
5. The sleeve of claim 1, wherein the substantially uniform pressure applied by the sleeve to the limb is above a predetermined minimum accepted pressure limit and below a maximum accepted pressure limit.
6. The sleeve of claim 1, wherein stretch characteristics of the sleeve vary along the sleeve length from lower elasticity adjacent a proximal end to higher elasticity adjacent a distal end.
7. The sleeve of claim 1, further comprising at least one marking on the sleeve indicating a direction in which the sleeve is to be applied over the limb.
8. The sleeve of claim 1, further comprising at least one marking on the sleeve indicating a preferred direction by which to separate the single-use releasable weld to allow removal of the sleeve from the limb.
9. A sleeve for use with a tourniquet cuff to protect a patient's limb from tourniquet-related injury, the sleeve comprising: a stretchable body extending longitudinally over a sleeve length between a proximal end and a distal end, the body having a tubular shape and the sleeve length configured to be greater than a longitudinal dimension of a tourniquet cuff to be applied over the sleeve, wherein the body tapers from the proximal end to the distal end such that a proximal end circumference is greater than a distal end circumference, wherein the body is formed of a nonwoven material comprising at least one inner layer and one outer layer, the body being configured to apply substantially uniform pressure to the patient's limb from the proximal end of the sleeve to the distal end of the sleeve varying only within a predetermined pressure range; wherein the body comprises circumferentially extending elements at predetermined locations spaced along the sleeve length, the circumferentially extending elements being configured such that the body applies the substantially uniform pressure that varies only within the predetermined pressure range to the patient's limb along the sleeve length; at least one single-use releasable weld in the body extending longitudinally between the proximal end and the distal end, wherein the single-use releasable weld is configured to separate if the sleeve is positioned over a limb having a limb circumference that exceeds a predetermined limb circumference size range of the sleeve; and at least one marking on the sleeve indicating a transverse direction in which to apply force manually to separate the single-use releasable weld.
10. A sleeve for use with a tourniquet cuff to protect a patient's limb from tourniquet-related injury, the sleeve comprising: a stretchable body extending longitudinally over a sleeve length between a proximal end and a distal end, the body having a tubular shape and the sleeve length configured to be greater than a longitudinal dimension of a tourniquet cuff to be applied over the sleeve, wherein the body tapers from the proximal end to the distal end such that a proximal end circumference is greater than a distal end circumference, wherein the body is formed of a nonwoven material comprising at least one inner layer and one outer layer, the body being configured to apply substantially uniform pressure to the patient's limb from the proximal end of the sleeve to the distal end of the sleeve varying only within a predetermined pressure range; wherein the body comprises circumferentially extending elements at predetermined locations spaced along the sleeve length, the circumferentially extending elements being configured such that the body applies the substantially uniform pressure that varies only within the predetermined pressure range to the patient's limb along the sleeve length; at least one single-use releasable weld in the body extending longitudinally between the proximal end and the distal end and configured to separate upon application of a predetermined force transverse to the single-use releasable weld; at least one first marking on the sleeve indicating a direction in which the sleeve is to be applied over the limb; and at least one second marking on the sleeve indicating a transverse direction in which to apply force manually to separate the single-use releasable weld..
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Q: Step by step Instruction on removal and replace of a break power booster on 1992 Lexus ls400?
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How much does it cost to replace a driver window on Lexus? | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.7759622931480408}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '238922', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:MW3MCPTF6TDKCQEFZDVW27Y2WEZEIFS6', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:1d90767c-25ea-48c7-9a89-67189f3e28c6>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 9, 24, 13, 23, 16), 'WARC-IP-Address': '199.232.64.203', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:C35HPA4KBJBIM2FQ6ZBZLXRVQ2YS7D6Y', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:9842980e-4831-4451-8e67-9a0f95e6f1e3>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://math.answers.com/Q/Step_by_step_Instruction_on_removal_and_replace_of_a_break_power_booster_on_1992_Lexus_ls400', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:28df8e9b-a08b-4981-8a87-1755448b6fbd>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '610', 'url': 'https://math.answers.com/Q/Step_by_step_Instruction_on_removal_and_replace_of_a_break_power_booster_on_1992_Lexus_ls400', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-39\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-156\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.972432017326355', 'original_id': '485b2cbad3aaa1c73ba244b4a050f428c42fb51a8acc44d1849738357e1eba54'} |
Why are tattoos popular in the UK?
What is the first thing that comes to mind when you think of British style? Is it suits and ties, tweed jackets, leather satchels or maybe chelsea boots? Brits are known to be completely obsessed with the spotless, vintage and classy look but who would have thought that one in three people in the UK has at least one tattoo?
A research shows that Birmingham is the most tattooed English city. It leads the way with 48 per cent of “brummies” having an average of six tattoos. Norwich and Glasgow are not far behind. Now that we have the stats the question is why are Brits so in love with having tattoos? Well, for one it is no longer seen as an extreme thing to do and has become more socially accepted.
However, the humble tattoo will always divide people. Some think it is a working-class thing to do that can harm your chances of landing the perfect job, finding a partner and so forth. And there are some people, and possibly an increasing number, that believe it’s a form of art and self-expression.
Regardless of your opinion on tattoos the history is fascinating and can be traced back to the time of Julius Caesar. Tattoos were first written about by Sir Jason Banks who sailed with James Cook to find new lands in 1769.
The invention of the modern day tattooing technique didn’t come about until in 1891 when it was invented by Samuel O’Riley, an Irish-American tattooist in New York. The procedure was painful but it took off first amongst the elite and then the masses.
Prominent Brits that are tattooed
Among the notable British people to have a tattoo is Winston Churchill, who was the Prime Minister twice and came from an aristocratic family. His tattoo was of an anchor on his left upper arm and his wife also had one of a snake on her wrist.
Samantha Cameron, the wife of the former Prime Minister David Cameron, also has a tattoo of a dolphin on her ankle. It would appear that tattooing has now become mainstream but it begs the question – what do all these motifs and symbols mean?
The meanings behind tattoos
In the 1800s tattoos were incredibly popular amongst British sailors, with over 90 per cent having one. The tattoo told a story of their voyages and where they served. For example, a turtle meant you had crossed the equator, an anchor meant you had crossed the Atlantic and a dragon meant you had served in a China station.
Today it is more of a fashion statement and there is no denying the inspiration comes from celebrities, such as David Beckham. There are hardly two identical tattoos in the world. With over 20 million of them adorning the bodies of Brits, where does the inspiration come from?
There are regional influences in the designs people choose and a big difference from city to city. For example people from Liverpool favour tattoos that pay tribute to a loved one that have died. People from Aberdeen prefer designs that are more tribal and they are influenced by the tattoos of Polynesian and Maori warriors.
The attitude towards tattooing in the UK has changed significantly over the last 50 years. Seven per cent of people born in the 50s are likely to have a tattoo but 42 per cent of people born in the 80s and 90s have one. What do you think about tattoos? YAY or NAY? | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '2', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9830970168113708}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '72083', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:HMK2LKDAZOTTZQAW42ZOLGCEW2TYNQI4', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:583bf486-1d42-4960-b69b-eaa712e713a3>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 3, 22, 4, 18, 11), 'WARC-IP-Address': '185.119.173.141', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:DRRTKF2JRQBLFHFBCZ2ZTKX7E2FTKZHI', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:b89c4a13-9d4a-4f63-aaa9-28329c128fef>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://greatbritishmag.co.uk/uk-culture/how-popular-is-tattooing-in-the-uk/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:3c13ac62-aa2c-48a0-879b-c9bb75feb46f>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '587', 'url': 'http://greatbritishmag.co.uk/uk-culture/how-popular-is-tattooing-in-the-uk/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-13\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for March 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-101-182-190.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.39816540479660034', 'original_id': '3716169e7b73bc44133e7be537ab4df804b24017933d7beeb6f8537aea0fe398'} |
Ring King
Boromor with the Ring
Boromir was a warrior of Gondor, and participant in the war on middle-earth. He will be played in The War on Middle-Earth by PindaZwerver.
War of the RingEdit
Boromir was one of 9 members of the Fellowship of the Ring. He was ordered by Denethor to take the ring to Gondor. After Gandalf's supposed death, the ring drove Boromir mad. He attempted to take the Ring from Frodo Baggins. Soon afterwards, he was killed by Uruk Hai Soldiers by being shot three times. Amazingly, he did not die. He had in fact been invincible due to horcrux placed on him by Gandalf and Saruman. In exchange for them saving his life, Boromir joined the army of Isengard.
War on Middle EarthEdit
Boromir secretly joined the Death Eaters and became a double-agent. He survived the longest of the death eaters, and was killed by Gandalf at The Second Battle for Helm's Deep.
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The tech giant tells us why he and some good friends are leaving Facebook. USA TODAY
If you're wondering what the future of smartphones will look like, Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak suggests eyeing another piece of technology that helped reshape society: the automobile.
Speaking at U.S. Cellular's Business Tech Tour in downtown Des Moines Tuesday, Wozniak compared the course of automobile advancements to what could be in store for iPhones and other handheld devices.
While mass production of the automobile transformed transportation, Wozniak said the basics remained constant for decades: cars today are still largely four-wheeled vehicles of a similar size and shape as the first prototypes. And we still use them for commuting to work and family road trips.
More: This Iowa inventor hopes to make his fortune saving workers' lives
More: Apple's billion-dollar Waukee data center 'puts Iowa on world stage'
"It hasn't really changed in 100 years, maybe 150 years," he said. "It hasn't changed a lot, what they do. So I think that the handheld device that has a lot of the information of the world is still going to be predominate for a huge amount of time. It doesn't have to die."
He said developers often make rapid advancements in technology before experiencing prolonged periods of stagnation.
"Technology can make things change very quickly," he said, "but you kind of reach plateaus where you don't really take an easy step to the next level."
Wozniak, dressed in Nike sneakers, black slacks and a black quarter-zip pullover, said televisions, phones and 3D technology have recently had trouble making big advancements.
"These things have trouble getting mass acceptance," he said. "So I think we're going to stick with pretty much some good handheld devices and get a little better and better."
Likewise, the tech expert seemed skeptical about the future of artificial intelligence and driverless car technologies.
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"Its going to take self-driving cars a long time before we trust them," he said. "And I don't think they'll ever really drive themselves as long as they stick to human-made roads."
As he has frequently done in the past, Wozniak advocated for putting humans above technology. He said he's frequently studied the differences between computers and human brains and doesn't believe machines are anywhere close to truly replicating the complexities of the brain.
"The thing is we don't know how the brain is wired," he said. "I don't believe we're really going to get there. We're not on the right track at all."
Wozniak said there are still many things a human brain can do that a computer can't.
"I like the 'A,' but I don't lie the 'I' in AI," he said. "I'd almost call it alien influenza."
While he told the business-heavy crowd that he wasn't a business expert, the inventor did offer some advice for running an organization. He fondly recalled his early years building Apple with his co-founder Steve Jobs. That taught him the importance of personality match — something he said too many businesses overlook when building teams.
"They'll just be excited about working together. They'll do much more work and go much more further if they like each other," he said. "The better friends you are, the more productive you're going to be."
Wozniak is perhaps best known for creating the Apple II in 1977. It was one of the first successful commercial launches of a personal computer. While his inventions have earned him millions, he noted that he early on gave away tens of millions of company stocks to other employees.
"I never started Apple for money," he said. "I wanted to bring computers to the world."
A self-professed math nerd, Wozniak said he has simplified the meaning of life into a simple formula: happiness = s - f. In that equation, "s" stands for smiles and "f" stands for frowns.
He said he tries to not dwell on negativity and still finds time for playing pranks and laughing with others.
"I got through life pretty much that way," he said. "Except now, I get upset quite frequently when I'm using technology and it doesn't work right, it doesn't do what I thought it would do."
CORRECTION: An earlier version of this article listed an incorrect date for the Apple II computer.
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Tuesday, 25 September 2012
<p>I'm very, very annoyed. Blogger has changed its interface and now I
can't post photos any more without help. I think I'll be migrating my
blog very soon when I've got the time to do so. For now though, if you
click on this link you should see photos of the monkeys this week.<a
Pictures Thread</a></p>
<p>The kittens are coming out every day now, and Gabby is slowly
getting better with them. She still needs close supervision when she's
with them, but tonight she only made them squeal twice in ten minutes,
and that's a massive improvement. They had some lovely games of chase
around the room where everyone was playing happily together. I've
watched her closely tonight and she's not pouncing on them. She lies
down to play with them which is a good sign, but then forgets herself
and gets far too rough. But at least progress is being made!</p>
<p>These babies are so cheeky when it comes to getting their cuddles.
Today, red sat beside me and smacked my leg with both of his paws
until I picked him up and kissed him into submission. Apache jumped
around all over my feet squeaking away until I snuggled that fat belly
to within an inch of its life. Dreamy cried at me until i gave in and
picked him up for the quiet cuddling that he loves so much. Berry was
too busy fighting with a piece of litter to acknowledge me. But Stripe
used the big girl litter tray today! Ok, she needed putting in there
to get the idea, but whereas all the others jumped straight out again,
she had a wee, then tried to jump out but fell off the little step
I've made for them. She wrighted herself, then ran off burbling, very
proud of herself, and told mummy and the others all about it. This
then resulted in a line of kittens all going in to have an explore,
but Stripey was still the solo widdler.</p>
<p>Each day that passes, I love these kittens more and more. I swore I
wouldn't get attached this time, but I've given up on that now. I hope
the next 7 weeks pass very, very slowly!</p>
Photos! Apache
<p>Thanks to Blogger changing its interface, I can no longer upload
photos there, so I'm posting by email. I'm going to have to create a
new post for every photo which irks me, but here goes. Hopefully
they'll post!</p>
<p>Well, as promised, we have photos! These were all taken by a
photographer friend of mine. He normally does weddings, but a good cup
of coffee can entice him into happy snapping my little monsters!</p>
getting better with them. She still needs close supervision when she's
around the room where everyone was playing happily together. I've
but Stripey was still the solo widdler.</p>
Sunday, 23 September 2012
6 weeks old
<p>Six weeks old? I know I always say this, but the time feels like
it's flown in. These babies are growing so, so fast. They're pretty
much miniature cats now, and are all muscle thanks to this raw diet
and constant play. If they're not playing now, they're sleeping. They
will literally fall over where they stand in mid pounce for a quick
bit of shut eye.</p>
<p>They were allowed out of the pen again today to go exploring. Red
did his typical bouncey bouncey thing and had a super time. He's so
boisterous, this little man. He loves his cuddles, but he won't sit
still for them, preferring instead to run all over your knee to see
what new things there are to look at. He's purring like a motor the
whole time though. He's going to need a young, feisty cat in his new
home, one that will play pretty much all of the time and won't take
any nonsense, otherwise he has the potential to get very bored and
unhappy. He may have to go with a littermate if he's being rehomed
with an older cat, and, unless he changes a lot, probably wouldn't be
suitable as a single kitten with a family who aren't at home for most
of the day.</p>
<p>Blueberry spent all of her time out running away from mummy and
getting very, very told off for it. She seems to be the one that
Millie is most concerned about. Millie followed her everywhere, then
tried to round up all of her brood, but when you have five of them all
wanting to go in different directions, it's a lost cause. Eventually
she came and sat by me, let out the loudest sigh of disgust and leaned
over for a chin rub. Gabby absolutely disgraced herself and ended up
being shut out of the room after I had to bodily haul a totally
stunned Apache out of her grasp as Gabby scruffed and cuffed the poor
little girl. She's so rough, and the difficulty is that she's young
enough that she regards these babies as toys to play with. She's going
to need a lot of close supervision.</p>
<p>Stripey is now copying her mum's tactic while in the pen. She has
learned to scream and scream and scream as though something is wrong
because when you do that, the human comes running and has to check
everyone all over which means lots of tickling and cuddling (I do it
like this so that they don't realise they're being poked and prodded).
That means lots of attention, and if you scream real hard, the human
will even pick you up for a cuddle. If that doesn't work, biting your
sleeping brothers and sisters definitely gets you picked up as the
human doesn't want them all being woken up. She's a little minx!
Typical tortie! I really love her though. She makes me giggle every
single day.</p>
<p>They're all due to be professionally photographed tomorrow. I
really wanted to bath them before hand, but I just didn't have the
time. Typical. Ah well, let's hope they polish up nice with a bit of
judicious grooming. Fingers crossed!</p>
Saturday, 22 September 2012
The Great Escape
<p>As usual, I haven't written in a little while now. That's for a few
<p>Around this time, things get much busier with the kittens. We begin
intensive work on bite inhibition and manners. We begin grooming, face
washing, claw clipping and everything else they'll have to sit nicely
for in their new homes. We also start bathing, but I'll admit that I
haven't done that yet as they really are very clean at the minute.
Seems almost a shame to bath them when they're spotless, but it will
be done this week. I don't like to bath my kittens until they are at
least six weeks old, as I worry about them chilling when they are very
tiny. As they're six weeks tomorrow, I've got no excuse not to!
Despite them being clean, it's important that long hairs get used to
bathing at a young age so that they will be easier for their new
owners to bath.</p>
<p>I could have written today, but to be perfectly honest with you, I
just needed a day to myself to enjoy time away from work, and really
enjoy the kittens without any pressure. I've had a lovely time just
pottering, but I feel like I'm feeding these little porkers
constantly. I'd be surprised if they haven't easily gained their 100
grams this week, because they are eating shed loads. I don't think I'm
going to have enough raw to get me through till Tuesday which is
shocking bearing in mind that I ordered 6 KG of the stuff just last
Friday, and had 1 KG still in the fridge. I'm down to 1 KG which they
will have cleared by Monday afternoon, so I'm going to have to bulk
them out with normal tinned food which I'm not looking forward to.
Messy bums here we come!</p>
<p>Litter training and pen cleaning is incredibly easy with feeding
raw. Even if the babies do have an accident, the poos are so hard that
they don't smear them if they stand in them. That's the biggest mess
maker with weaning. One will poo outside the tray then step in it.
Another will come along and slip over in it. A third will then roll
around with his brother and soon you've got kittens and pen walls and
floor coated with such a thick layer that it would do a painter proud!
With raw, you get none of that, and the kittens are in fab condition
and so full of energy!</p>
<p>Today marked a big milestone for them. Today was the day they had
their first foray out of the pen, and they loved it! I took the front
off so that they could come out as and when they wanted. I, meanwhile,
crawled in and began my pen deep clean. What fun!</p>
<p>Red, nicknamed Strawberry by the friend with the penchant for names
(I despair sometimes), is the firm leader of the gang and was first
out, quite a surprise as it's normally Stripe who bulldozes her way to
the front. Whoever has Strawberry is going to get a handful. He's
manic! He races aroundin the pen bouncing off the walls (no, I'm not
joking) and onto everyone else, and the living room, while it was a
big, scary new place for most of the others initially, held no terror
for him. He bounced off under the TV (this kitten bounces everywhere),
and had a rip roaring fight with my TV wires. Thank goodness they're
all protected! After he'd beat them up sufficiently, he barrelled out,
piled into the middle of the kitten cluster of his siblings, bopped
Gabby on the head, then scarpered with her in hot pursuit. He had a
great time!</p>
<p>The rest of the kittens also enjoyed themselves. Blueberry decided
that, although she loves Gabby, playing pattercake with paws is much
better done through the bars of the pen than in person. It's really
funny to watch them do this. Gabby will stick a paw through the mesh
and Bluecream will smack it. Gabby, of course, pulls it away, so
Bluecream reaches out after it which leaves Gabby free to smack her
paw and Bluecream pulls it back... And the whole thing keeps going.
Only problem with being outside the pen is that when you pull your paw
back, Gabby just whaps the rest of you anyway, and when she's so much
bigger than you, the only recourse for a girl is to scream for her
mummy to come rescue her. After about the fifth time, Millie gave her
a severe telling off as though to tell her "Well, if you'll keep going
back, you deserve what you get!</p>
<p>Dreamy likes to copy his big brother and his sister Stripe, so he
spent the whole time out watching them, then running off to do
whatever it was they'd just done. Dreamy is a bit of a mummy's boy, so
kept scuttling back to her for a reassuring lick and a quick snuggle
before racing off to see what other trouble he could get himself into.
He's so funny. I think he needs to be called Teddy. Every time you
pick him up, he snuggles right in and just cuddles. He's got a purr on
him like a train too, and where red is a bit manic, he is quite happy
to give you lots of love for as long as you'll put up with him. I
think he's going to stay as one of our shyest in the bunch, but so was
Paws last year, and he turned out to be the most cuddly of all the
<p>Stripe is a little monkey. She was determined to get Gabby to chase
her and kept hassling and hassling the poor girl until she gave in and
played. Stripe and Strawberry are our greeter cats now, and love
everyone, so it was unsurprising when she happily went nose to nose
with Tia today to say hello.</p>
<p>And Apache? Well, she's still a little doll. She went on an
adventure under the TV, then was more interested in coming into the
pen and helping me clean up. She lent four helping paws to very
important tasks such as trying to climb into the dirty litter bag,
spreading clean litter from the trays all over the pen, jumping up at
and catching hands, biting a hanging strand of my hair, sitting
between my knees so that I couldn't lean back, and attacking my toes
when I was reaching right to the back to clean the corners. I couldn't
have got the pen spotless without her assistance! Man, I'm going to
find it hard to let that little lump go. She's a lover, but in a
quieter way like Dreamy. She cuddles right in at my neck which is
something her mum used to do when she was her size. I really hope I
get someone interested in this one soon...</p>
<p>Everyone stayed out for about half an hour, then they all decided
they would like to play some more, but as they were falling asleep in
mid pounce, I thought it best to pop them back in for a kip. Mind you,
once in there, they yelled until I fed them, pollished off a huge
plate of food, power napped for five minutes, then got back to
scrapping with each other! Millie is currently telling off Stripe and
Strawberry who are double teaming her tail. She's not happy!</p>
<p>They all scream now at feeding time, so much so that mum comes
pounding in to see what's wrong! All their little faces lift to watch
the food bowl as it comes over the top, and they yell and yell and
howl until the food goes in. As I've started an Audioboo account now,
I'll try and capture it at their next feeding time. It really is very
<p>Tomorrow they will be six weeks old. My time with these lovelies is
nearly half gone already! This is where I start to hang onto every
little moment. I love breeding, but the parting really, really hurts,
and the lead up is almost worse in a way.</p>
<p>Hopefully, more photos tomorrow!</p>
Wednesday, 19 September 2012
Father Time
<p>When you have a large litter of kittens, work full time, have older
cats to care for and also need to feed yourself, time management
becomes key. The smallest unexpected event can throw your whole day
off, and you spend the rest of it feeling like you're chasing your
tail and trying to catch up. That's what happened to me yesterday. So
what's the routine of a cat breeder?</p>
<p>5:00 AM. Time to get up as the kittens are hungry and kitten
bellies wait for no man. There's now a feeding routine in this house.
First, Gabby needs fed (Tia isn't in this equasion as she refuses to
eat anything but dry which is left down for free feeding). If I feed
Gabby and Millie together, Millie barges Gabby out of the way until
she's had her fill. Meantime, Gabby has the attention span of a six
month old kitten, because that's what she is, and gets bored and
wanders off, then can't be bothered to eat when you bring her back.
So, Gabby is fed first. While she's eating, I'm mixing Tia's dry food
(they have a blend of three different types. The high protein dry
gives them loose tummies, so the proportion of that has to be
carefully monitored along with the other two that I mix for
nutritional content). As Gabby finishes, Millie is let out of the pen
and the bowl is refilled. Why don't I feed her in with the kittens?
Because if I do, she eats every scrap of their food and they go
hungry. Why don't I feed her in a separate room? Because she wants
whatever someone else has, so the only way to make sure that someone
else eats is to fill them up first. Next, kittens get fed. Thankfully
they all now know what food is, so don't need to be hand fed. However,
the trick is to keep Millie out of the pen and occupied for 20-30
minutes as if she's left to her own devices, she'll go and stand in
front of the pen and cry to be let in, then kittens will start crying
and forget about eating. Why does it take so long? Because these
kittens, like any small babies, have short attention spans, so will
eat a little, then run off to play, then eat again. After half an
hour, Millie can be let back into the pen to clean up what's left.</p>
<p>Next comes litterbox duties, and with 4 big boxes and 2 kitten
ones, that takes a while. This is followed by a full scrub down of the
pen. That normally takes me to when I leave for work (about 7 AM), so
I normally end up snatching breakfast in the car.</p>
<p>I don't get home again until 6:30 (don't worry, the kittens are
checked on regularly through the day) and then the feeding and
cleaning and litterbox routine starts again. Then it's time to feed
myself. I won't lie. I've been going for convenience foods lately as I
just don't have the time to cook anything super fancy for myself at
the minute. Cuddling of my big girls also needs to be factored into
this. With three of them, that takes some time as I like to give them
all a lot of individual attention. They are my pets after all. Their
grooming is done every other day. Gabby alone takes about 10 minutes,
not much in the grand scheme of things, but when every minute is
accounted for, that's a hefty chunk.</p>
<p>I also have to leave a solid hour or so for working with the
kittens. Of course, I handle them on and off throughout the day, but I
like to have quality time with them as well. This gets them used to
lap cuddling, being held for prolonged periods, and also gives me time
to work on their biting and their general manners. We've now gotten to
a point where red is the only one regularly biting now. The others
will try their luck, but give up after the first try. The next thing
to work on is claws in if they grab a hand. That one's always more
<p>Somewhere amongst all that I have to find time to shower, make
lunch for work (that's not been happening for a while now), and blog.
The blog is the first thing that goes as it's not as essential as me
eating, but it then means that the next day, I write a more involved
update which again takes longer! I normally get to bed around 11.</p>
<p>Yesterday I had an unexpected doctor's appointment which took an
hour, so my evening routine was absolutely messed up. As you can see,
having kittens is not all sweetness and light. Mind you, when Stripey
crawls onto your shoulder, grunts at you, purrs, sticks her foody face
right in your ear (why do they always have to do this!) then settles
down for a sleep (with face still in ear), it does make it all
<p>The kittens progressed from food saucers to food bowls yesterday
without a hitch. They're growing up!</p>
Monday, 17 September 2012
Welll, that hit the nail on the head
<p>Well, I finally bit the bullet, plucked up all of my pathetic
little store of courage, and tackled the ravening hoard for nail
clipping. I thought it was going to be awful, but actually, it wasn't
that bad.</p>
<p>Stripe, drama queen extraordinaire, screamer, general wailer, sat
as good as gold the whole way through. She had a wriggle, but
generally let me get on with what I needed to do. And yes, I did check
just to make sure I actually had the right cat! Apache screamed and
whinged and yelled about the terrible torture this was! Red actually
bit me! It's all right though. Gave me a good chance to really get to
grips with his bite inhibition, and by the end of the clipping he'd
given up and was just letting me get on with it. Cream just tried to
squiggle away and not let me touch his paws. Bluecream didn't want to
be clipped at all, but after the obligatory whine, she went quiet,
devoting all of her energy instead to wriggling free and running away
from this mad, clipper wielding kitten murderer. I finished off the
clip with a nice long cuddle, or as long as the humans would allow,
just to make sure they knew I still loved 'em very much. Apache still
loves me. She purred! Otherwise I'm in the bad books.</p>
<p>I'm keeping a beady one on Millie whose teats are very, very full.
So far the kittens are managing to keep the amount under control, but
only just. Looks like I'll need to dig out my Urtica to give her soon
to stop the milk coming in. She's been a madam all evening. If she's
in the pen, she whines to come out. If I open the lid and let her out,
she whinges to go back in. if I let her in, she's back to complaining
that she wants back out again. Typical that she can't make up her mind
Sunday, 16 September 2012
5 weeks old!
<p>Well, another milestone reached, and boy am I proud of them!
They've done well this week. They've had a lot of change and they've
coped with it all marvellously.</p>
<p>Friday saw the arrival of my new kitten owners as promised, but it
also saw the arrival of thekittens' new home! The pen was here at
last! Like the hospitable person I am, I set the visitors to work
building with the promise that they wouldn't get any coffee until it
was done! Ok, so the pen was actually blocking the coffee maker, but
the slave driver sentiment was there.</p>
<p>An hour later and they had their coffee and the kittens had their
new house complete with one rather large newcomer in the form of a
kitten owner who had crawled inside it after unwisely joking to us
that it was so big she could probably fit in it... We put it to the
<p>They all had a great time climbing all over her and squealing for
cuddles. I hadn't realised it before (a case of new eyes see clearest)
but they've learned how to make biscuits when you pick them up. This
lady pointed it out to me, and ever since then, I've noticed that they
all do it whenever I give 'em a cuddle. My red boy took a shine to,
lets call her Mrs GT, and literally screamed blue murder every time
she tried to put him down! The terrible tortie duo snuggled down, one
in each of Mr GT's arms and when right off to sleep. Berry and Dreamy
also enjoyed lots of loving, and Millie didn't bat an eyelid!.</p>
<p>I didn't see much of them on Saturday as I had to speed off to a
show, but we've spent a lovely day together today. I forgot how nice
it is having babies in the living room right under your nose. We've
had lots of cuddles, lots of splashing in the water bowl (I don't much
care for the resultant mess), tons of sibling tussles and even a new
toy in the form of a scary pipe cleaner spider which was killed
numerous times. My housemate made them a ramp of cardboard to access a
deeper litter tray that I put in, so most of the day has been spent
practicing running up and down this, sliding all the way down (if
you're really brave, you do this head first, then go off to find your
brothers and sisters to make sure they saw how cool you just were),
and generally doing everything with it except using it as an easy step
into the litter tray... Typical.</p>
<p>I've stopped weighing them every day now. I really should have done
them tonight, but I confess that I'm overly tired and really don't
have the patience to spend half an hour trying to convince wiggly
worms to sit still for the 2 seconds it takes for my scales to
register and vocalise a weight. Tomorrow, I think.</p>
<p>They're all eating without prompting now. I took a step back and
just started putting the food in and walking away. So far so good!</p>
<p>More photos soon, I promise, but now to the smashing news.
Yesterday, Gabby took 1st and best of breed in both shows that she was
entered in. In her side classes she got a first, 2 seconds and a
fourth against some very stiff competition. But the best complement of
the day came from the judge who was deciding on the best Persian
kitten in the show. I asked him for his opinion on my little Gobby
Gabby, and he told me that, while choosing, he had narrowed it down to
two. The eventual winner, and... my Gabby! So in effect, she was the
second best Persian kitten of the show! To add to that, another judge
mentioned that my grooming was absolutely superb, quite a big thing
when you're battling against malicious rumours started by a prominent
figure of the cat fancy that you don't groom your own cats and rely on
someone else to do it for you due to being incapable. To say I'm
chuffed would be an understatement. I can't wait for the next show
Friday, 14 September 2012
Jumping Jack Flash
<p>I'm a bad, bad person. I know I know. I haven't updated in days!
That's because life has been hectic, and for the last two nights, I
haven't been able to consider going to bed until gone half 11. When
you get up at 5 to do cats before work, the blog takes a bit of a back
seat in those circumstances. I'm really sorry!</p>
<p>So, progress is being made again. The kittens have learned to jump!
Or at least, Stripe and Berry have. I'd just cleaned the pen and had
counted the kittens back in. After a while of leaving them to it with
mum, I went in to check on them. Red was asleep. Apache was asleep.
Guess what Dreamy was doing? But where were Berry and Stripe?
Adrenaline started flowing. They weren't in here. They weren't on the
floor and they weren't even in the litter trays! I'd just opened my
mouth to say, well, a lot of things that won't be printed on a family
friendly blog when I heard "eeeeeew!" right by my left ear. It was a
very sleepy little eeeeew, a very self satisfied one too! With
disbelief, I checked on Millie's shelf, and there they were, fast
asleep and perfectly comfy. I thought nothing of it. Millie had
obviously put them up there to cuddle with her.</p>
<p>But the next day the episode repeated itself, and Millie had only
been back in the pen 5 minutes, so not really long enough! So I've
come to the conclusion that they can now jump, or at least climb, 9
inches. Well done girls!</p>
<p>They're all growing more and more fond of cuddles as the days go
on. I can't open the pen door any more without them all barrelling out
to the accompaniment of many little squeakings and demands for love.
They will all quite happily sit in a pile on my knee and they just
love being fussed! They still bite, but at their age it's normal,
painful but normal. I can vouch for the fact that they all have their
teeth in nicely!</p>
<p>So can Millie. She's feeding them much less now, and will only let
them suckle for a few minutes before she's had enough and gets up to
go away. This is good in a way but also worrying. Her teats were very
engorged this morning, and while she let them take a little, she
didn't let them drain her totally. So now I'm on mastitis watch. I'm
particularly worried about one of her top teats, so will probably end
up doing some hot compresses when I get home tonight, then expressing
a little of the milk for her so that she can feel more comfy and the
mastitis risk is reduced.</p>
<p>My greedy brood have already gotten through a grand total of 5 KG
of raw since last Thursday! It's hard to believe it, but it's true.
I've given up and am now looking for a very small freezer to buy so
that I can have more room to store their food and subsequently cut my
costs on delivery a little more. I've just ordered another 6 KG which
will come today, but that won't last me for more than a week I'm
guessing! Millie's eating more than I thought possible, and she will
eat literally anything that I put down! She hasn't turned her nose up
at a single flavour yet. Tia is getting closer and closer every day
and just can't help herself from watching the other two longingly. I
know how she works, so I will continue to ignore her and carry on
making much of this new food as a treat. Sooner or later she'll have
to have some for herself, and then it'll be plain sailing from
<p>I don't know that I'll be able to update again today, and I'm not
sure about tomorrow either. I've got some friends coming down tonight
as it's Gabby's first show tomorrow and they want to learn about cat
showing. I'm so excited to see how she does. Tomorrow will be a long
day, but if not tomorrow, then I'll let you know how she does on
<p>The kittening pen is supposed to arrive today. Yippee! So they may
be in their new home by the end of tonight. I may also get brave and
clip claws although I don't know about that as I really, really hate
that bit, but it does need to be done. Wish me luck!</p>
Tuesday, 11 September 2012
Very quick update
<p>Sorry, but this is going to be short and sweet as I've got to be up
in less than 6 hours for work tomorrow!</p>
<p>The kittens are doing excellently again! We've had no wees on the
floor today, but we've had a regression with three poos on the floor.
Still, thanks to raw, these are firm and haven't messed up the kittens
at all! Have I mentioned I love raw yet?</p>
<p>I've had some of the biggest weight gains so far today. Apache and
Berry gained a massive 30G each! When you consider that the accepted
amount is 10G per day, that's pretty good going! Apache is now only 6G
behind Berry who is the next smallest.</p>
<p>They all came out for a play on the floor today and were intent on
escaping from the shelter of my legs! The two torties spend all their
time either escaping or climbing the human for a cuddle. They now come
running every time I go into the room! The sound of those tiny feet on
the pen floor is just too cute!</p>
<p>To celebrate her success, here's Apache, unable to keep that tongue
in her mouth!</p>
Monday, 10 September 2012
urge to hunt for new food sources.</p>
content with not knowing!</p>
like it.</p>
funny when they're learning about balls. Someone's also been playing
not seen that one in action.</p>
reason alone I love it!</p>
Sunday, 9 September 2012
4 weeks old!
<p>Wow, it's hard to believe that these babies have now been here for
4 weeks. It seems like only yesterday that I was waiting anxiously for
news of Millie's C section from the vet. Last year, these first four
weeks went nice and slowly. It was everything after that that sped up.
I wonder what the next few weeks will be like?</p>
<p>Litter training is finally progressing slightly. Today we had a poo
right beside the tray, and we even had weewees in the tray itself! I'm
so proud! It's hard to stop myself from cleaning the tray out every
time they go in there, but I have to force myself to leave well alone
as the tray needs to be dirty so that they know where to toilet next
<p>The babies were let out of the pen altogether for the first time
today. They're such scaredykittens! They're all terribly brave until
they get out, and then they chicken out and all huddle together. Today
Millie got in on the action and called them all to her, then had a
great old time feeding them on the carpet.</p>
<p>Speaking of Millie, I've got news on her! Today we moved from raw
rabbit to raw gaime bird. I put a dish of warmed meat in for the
kittens, and low and behold, Millie stuck her face in the dish and ate
like there was no tomorrow! I could hardly believe it! This is the cat
that will absolutely not touch most things, and turned her nose up at
the rabbit! She almost cleared the whole plate of food.</p>
<p>We're going through this raw at an incredible rate now that
Millie's joined in. By tomorrow morning, we'll have done 1 entire kg,
and it was only delivered the day before yesterday, and only fed for
the first time yesterday morning! It's brilliant though as I can give
the kitten plates to Gabby who will happily hoover up anything they
haven't managed to eat, so she gets her full meals usually, and
there's absolutely no waste!</p>
<p>It's interesting. She doesn't eat much raw at all, and yet she has
showed absolutely 0 interest in the dry food bowl which is down all
the time. Since having her first taste of raw, Millie has done no more
than pick at the dry food too. Coincidence? Hard to know.</p>
<p>That's it for now. I should have new photos for you tomorrow!</p>
Saturday, 8 September 2012
Raw Food Success!
Well, today has been another eventful day.
My raw food arrived yesterday. 5 KG doesn't sound like a lot for
feeding 8 hungry cats, but when you've got it sitting in front of
you... Well, it's loads! It took the first package a whole day to
defrost in my fridge, so I couldn't feed any until first thing this
I'm used to doling out tinned cat food, and even with the high quality
stuff, you have to feed a reasonably large amount of it before the
cats are full. I put the same amount of raw on a plate for the babies,
and dropped a splodge into the big girls' bowl just to see if they
were interested. My heart sank when Gabby, who would literally eat
garbage if it was put down in front of her, had a sniff, turned her
nose up and cried at me for something better.
I took the dish into the babies and set it down. As usual, there was
no reaction other than Stripey screaming fit to burst to be picked up
for a cuddle. I plonked her in front of the dish instead... And
watched in amazement as her head went right down and she began to fill
her little face.
It's interesting to compare the differences between how they eat raw
and how they manage wet cat food. Normally when you wean, you make the
food as gloopy as possible to make it easy for them to get up. Raw is
quite jelly like, and while you could add a little water, I didn't
know that at the time, so didn't do it. When they try and eat the wet
food, they slurp and suck and generally get themselves into a terrible
mess by plopping their whole heads in it. I presumed it was because
they didn't know how to chew yet, but watching them with the raw has
dispelled all those illusions. These kittens know how to chew all
right, boy do they know! I watched little Dreamy, who up until this
point has refused to have anything to do with cat food, turn his head
sideways so that he could scissor meat with his back teeth. The only
problem with this raw feeding is that the cats, having now tasted real
flesh, frequently try and have a taste of me just to make sure I'm
really not their dinner! So, bite inhibition work has officially
started today, although I feel very mean having to be firm with such
biddy babies. When I came out with the remains of their breakfast,
Gabby started to hassle me. She was asking and asking for food, so I
thought I'd try her again and tipped a bit of their breakfast into her
bowl. I brought this into the kitchen so that she would think she was
getting a treat (they always get them in the kitchen as this is also
where I give medicines, and want it to be associated with lots of good
things too). Well of course, you don't turn your nose up at treats, so
she had a dutiful lick even though you could see she wasn't all that
certain. The first lick did it, and she cleaned her plate. She
literally licked the bottom! I gave her a little more, then had to
just give gobbits from the container without warming it as she was
determined to have more! The other two big girls came in then to see
what all the fuss was about. As it was obviously a treat given that it
was being fed in the kitchen, Tia decided to barge Gabby out of the
way and take some for herself! Now this is a huge thing as Tia is a
dry food cat through and through. If it's wet, it has to be RC or
Hills, that's it, no compromises, never! Now she didn't come back for
seconds, but nor did she spit out her initial mouthful! I caught
Millie having a sneaky nibble too, but she is totally ignoring any raw
I put in the pen with the kittens which is a pity, as it's her I
really need on the stuff.
Weight gains from Berry and Dreamy have been spectacular. Berry gained
37 grams in 2 days! Dreamy has managed a respectable 34 while Apache
and Stripe have done 24 and 25 respectively. Red has only managed 20,
but that's still good enough for me not to be worried in the
slightest. I suspect that once Apache works out what the dish is, her
weight is going to sky rocket, and she may well have managed to break
400 by tomorrow, which is what a 4 week old should be. Well, they say
100 grams plus 100 for every week of life, but in that first week
bearing in mind that mum doesn't have full fat milk for 2-3 days,
gaining 100 is a bit of a mammoth ask.
Litter training continues to be, well, let's say a trial. Besides that
one lucky weewee and poo, nobody that I know of has used the litter
trays, although to be very fair, there was a puddle in the corner of
one and I'm not sure if it was mum's wee or a combination of lots of
little kitten weewees. I only clean these trays once daily as it
doesn't do to have too clean a tray when you're trying to teach
kittens where to toilet, as the smell draws them back. Again to be
fair, I haven't noticed them using the bedding either. They're now
weeing in between the bed and the tray down a teeny, weeny gap, but
it's still progress, right? They love to wee along the side wall in
between the trays too, so I've slapped an empty one down there tonight
to block their access. They can wee in there all they like, but it
will just pool around their feet which they hate. If they continue to
prefer that spot, I'll put a bit of litter in the bottom for them, but
fingers crossed they will learn quickly! I don't expect any poos for a
little while as you get hardly anything on raw anyway, but fingers
crossed for nice firm ones!
Friday, 7 September 2012
Totally Demoralised
Wow, what a couple of days I've had!
I didn't write yesterday because I felt so demoralised that it would
have just been a total rant. While I want to give you the negatives of
kitten raising as well as all the cute, fluffy kitteny bits, I don't
think it's fair to subject you to my ranting for the sake of it, and
that's what it would have been.
Yesterday, I cleaned the pen loads of times yet again. In the end, I
took all of the inco pads out and just left 1 square of Vetbed. It
took Millie a whole 2 hours to work out what she could do next.
She took up residence in the litter tray. Ok, that's fairly innocuous,
right? Wrong. When you've got five eating, pooing machines who have
suddenly worked out just how to poo, and when you have a mum intent on
not only blocking the toilet, but teaching them to regard it as a bed
and a cuddle spot, well, that's a problem! Add to that that I had put
some of Millie's poo in the tray to try and encourage kittens to poo
there through smell association, and you'll see that the problem is
even larger!
Millie didn't care. When I caught her trying to suckle the kittens in
the tray, I'd had enough and almost lost my rag. She was pulled out
and cleaned up which resulted in a bath which then resulted in unhappy
kittens as mum didn't smell like mum any more, and a stressed mum
because the kittens were unhappy.
This morning I thought I was back on track. Yes there were various
poos dotted artistically around the pen, but there were also two poos
and a wee in a litter tray! I put in a tiny one yesterday so that
Millie couldn't block them all off at once. When it came to feeding
time, Stripe and Apache only needed the most minimal of coaxings
before they were eating from the dish. Everyone except Berry had a
little nibble. Then the fun started.
In my tiredness I went to serve up food for Millie. I give her dry as
well as wet as she's a dry fanatic and I'd rather see her eat while
she's suckling than force the wet issue. I needed to open a new bag of
food. Now, I have small bags here of Royal Canin for kitten owners to
try, but I don't feed mine on it any more as I found that they were
prone to getting the runs on it. Guess what I put in Millie's bowl
this morning by accident?
The runs started about 2 hours ago, and they're spectacular. She's
already had another bath, and I suspect that there'll be another to
come some time in the wee hours.
Since this morning, not one kitten has toiletted in the litter tray,
and every single one of them has done it all over the pen. Someone
also thinks it's a good idea to use the Vetbed as a wee spot, and it
was literally dripping when I took it out earlier. And it only went in
clean this morning! I'm so glad the heating pad underneath is
waterproof. Of course, they all happily lay down to sleep in the pee
There's only so much you can do with a flannel, and to be honest, I'm
not too comfy with bathing them at this very young age as they chill
so easily. At the moment, I'm hoping like crazy that Millie will clean
them up, otherwise the bath it'll have to be. I'm planning to change
their food to raw tomorrow in an effort to firm up their poos as they
are still the same consistency as the first poo they always do, i.e, a
little gloopy.
Stripey now squeals constantly whenever she hears you in the room. It
just goes on and on and on and on unless she's eating or sleeping.
She's bright and playful so I'm not worried that there's something
wrong, but she's so desperate for human attention, and it really is a
very loud cry!
To be very honest, as I promised I would be, there's no pleasure in
these kittens at the moment. I know this phase will pass, and when it
does, I'll know that it's all worthwhile again, but at the moment, I'm
at a very, very low point and wondering why I breed just to give
others a nice pet. I'm very, very glad that Tia didn't take when I
studded her, as I'm not sure I could have managed 2 litters going
through this stage at the same time. Really, I think it's because this
pen is so flaming small. Can't wait to get my bigger one.
Anyway, that's all for now. Hopefully I'll be a bit more cheerful tomorrow!
Wednesday, 5 September 2012
Day 24, Oh Crappy Day!
Well, I told you at the start that I'd try and give you the whole
experience of raising kittens. That involves the bad as well as the
good, I'm afraid.
Kittens are messy little things when they learn to wean. It feels like
you're constantly fighting a losing battle just to keep them clean,
and more oftten than not, you lose. normally this is Ok, but if you've
had a bad day, are feeling a bit tired etc, then it can easily get
overwhelming. I'm at that stage.
I had no sleep last night due to having a tummy bug (thank you work!)
and also due to Millie being an absolute horror. She's gotten into the
habit of flinging all of her litter out of the tray because she knows
it will bring me running to clean it up. I can't leave it everywhere
when there are kittens in the pen, and even though I ignore her
totally, she still thinks she's getting attention because I'm close,
so that reinforces the behaviour. This only serves to increase the
scratching. That carried on a grand total of 4 times throughout last
night, and that combined with the bug left precious little time for
Millie stepped things up a notch as the day began, now actively
kicking litter out of the tray to bury food, water and most of the pen
in general. So I moved the litter tray up towards the bed and away
from the food. Thwarted by this, she then resorted to systematically
destroying the inco pads I put on the floor to keep kittens clean and
dry while they're weaning. She tears right through the upper layer
until she gets at the fluff underneath. Then that fluff gets scattered
and goes into burying the food too. It literally gets stuck to
everything. I've cleaned the pen 14 times today, and am very, very
close to breaking point. She's fine while I'm in the room, but every
time I leave it the scratching begins.
On top of all this, the kittens have learned to poo, well, three of
them have so far. Up until they begin to wean, the mum cat will
physically stimulate them by licking their lower bellies and bums. She
eats what they produce. However, all of that stops when they wean. She
won't eat any of their poo, and when they're learning, they're so, so
messy. They normally sit down in their poo meaning that their whole
back ends are covered. If they don't sit in it, they stand in it and
track it everywhere. If they don't stand in it, someone else will roll
in it just to make sure maximum coverage is achieved... It normally
is. When you have a mum cat who is also actively flinging the contents
of the pen flooring around, well, things get very messy very quickly.
Millie keeps insisting on lying in the litter tray, so rather than
looking at it as a place to toilet, the kittens are seeing that as a
bed and the bed as the toilet. I swear, I'm glad I love Millie. It's
at times like this that that love counts for a lot...
So, as well as cleaning the pen pretty much all day, trying to take a
break long enough to eat and do normal things as well as resting to
get over this bug (there's a joke), I've been scrubbing very
uncooperative kittens. I the time it's taken me to write this blog,
Millie has been in and out of the pen 5 times, has over turned the
litter twice, and, the final straw which has caused me to give her a
very firm time out from the kittens for a while, was when she
overturned her water dish onto the five, then sat there and just
watched as they screamed and huddled for warmth. She howled blue
murder from the other side of the door as I changed bedding yet again,
put in a heat pad, refilled the water, refilled the litter tray,
refilled the food and dried cold kittens, but I let her. If it's not
her howling it will be me soon, and I know which one I'd rather have!
She won't settle with them for long, and with the other cats in the
house, I really don't want to move the pen out of my bedroom, but if
she carries on like this, then I'm going to have to. Tia did this last
year and would only finally settle when she could see me, so perhaps
Millie is the same.
To those of you thinking of breeding just because you want a cute
litter of kittens from puss, and "Oh, but wouldn't it be lovely to
watch them grow?" think very, very carefully. Could you put up with
this?Ok, rant over. Fancy a photo?
Tuesday, 4 September 2012
23 days old, Weaning Begins Fully
Well, yet again we make progress today, and I've got some more photos
to share with you! I've only got a few, so will tease you by only
giving you one a day!
I think I mentioned yesterday that I've just begun to encourage
kittens to wean. This is such a messy business that it's ridiculous! I
spread a large hand towel on the carpet and fed them on that, but for
five such tiny kittens, they were still able to cover the whole towel
in food! And there wasn't that much on the saucer in the first place!
I really wish I could take a photo of them just after eating. No doubt
you will notice staining to their faces this week because when they're
learning to eat, they have dirty faces far more than clean, and it
shows. They were literally covered from eyes to neck, then they'd
stand in it, then they'd fall over onto the puddle they'd just created
on the towel. Apache even had it in her right armpit! I'm so thankful
for Millie because she does such an excellent cleaning job! We're
still at the open their mouths and shove the food in stage, but Apache
did get stuck in and sucked some food from my fingers, and little
Stripe filled her belly! None of them will eat from the plate yet, but
eating from fingers, especially active searching for food as Stripe
did is very good progress, particularly because they're so young.
Dreamy is just starting to lick at the food, but he's still trying to
pretend that he hates it. He screams when you put it in his mouth. I
never force a weaning hard, particularly when they're started young,
so if he squealed and struggled, I'd reach across and put him back in
the pen. He hated that food so much that he just had to keep sneaking
back to the front, then squealing at me until I took him out and fed
him some more. Apache and Stripe were so keen that they threw
themselves out of the pen so that I'd be forced to give them more! Red
and Berry aren't so keen yet. Berry will take some, but she's not
interested in licking yet, so she only gets tiny little gobs. Red is
in the same boat.
So, now to photos. Look at that big, fat lump on top of all his sibs!
Isn't he a cutie?
Monday, 3 September 2012
Day 22, Progress!
So, what happened yesterday? A long week, that's what. I sat down late last night to write the blog, and... Suddenly it was midnight, I had a crick in my neck from falling asleep on the sofa, and Gabby had written 2 whole pages of random letters while she slept on the keyboard on my lap. I gave up at that point and just went to bed. There then followed a manic day at work, then lots of kitten cuddling and litter tray cleaning when I got home, so this is the first chance I've had to write. Sorry!
So, the kittens are three weeks old now. Actually, they're just turning 3 weeks as I write this! They're doing so, so well and are making big strides every day now.
Yesterday I removed the Vetbed from the pen and replaced it with a much smaller bit that will allow the kittens to begin differentiating between their bed and the play area. This is quite important for them to do prior to litter training as I find that it makes for slightly less accidents that way. Initially, there was lots of wailing and shrieking as they stepped onto this new surface and their legs went out from under them! It's only lino, but of course, they were used to Vetbed which has excellent grip for little claws, not this shiny, slippy thing that you couldn't hold onto. However, the scaredy cat phase didn't last for long.
Soon they began to trundle around quite happily, and not long after that, Stripey discovered that this new floor was great for running on! Of course, the running consisted mostly of falling, but still, it's the thought that counts, right?
As they settled, they got more and more adventurous, and eventually, Stripe and Apache picked up the courage to climb over the lip of the pen and out onto the carpet. Mind you, they turned into chickens as soon as they realised how big the real world was, and hightailed it back into the safety of familiarity. This is their first independent foray outside the confines of the pen.
They all now love tummy tickles. I spend a lot of time with them and now, most times when I come into the room, Stripe and Apache in particular will come racing to the front of the pen and literally squeal non stop until I get in there and give them some love. I even got my first consistent purr yesterday, and you'll never guess who from! Little Dreamy. He's decided that he loves rubbing under his chin and along his neck, and he will literally fall over as soon as you touch him there. Apache also had a purr, but then remembered that she was supposed to be being a brave adventurer, and everyone knows that brave adventurers don't have time to stop and purr so she gave that up for a bad job and went trundling off to beat up her sister instead.
I gave them all their first taste of food today. I wouldn't normally force weaning this young, but as I wanted to encourage Apache to eat to catch up with her sibs, I thought I might as well give them all a taste. Apache wasn't too thrilled but swallowed a tiny amount. Berry absolutely hated the stuff, and decided that surely it must be poison, but then she couldn't help but have a little extra lick just to make sure. Dreamy wasn't having any of it, and just clamped his mouth shut and refused. No surprises there. I knew he would be the hardest to wean, as eating requires effort. Red boy (I still haven't got a name for him! Any suggestions?) was neither here nor there, but Stripey? Well, she started by hating it, and how did she tell me? Well, by screaming of course. Then she decided she'd tolerate it. Then she decided she loved it, and almost ate my fingers to get more! I only gave her a few mouthfuls though, as I don't want them having too much too fast at this age. However, now begins the weaning encouragement. I'll pop a little food in their mouths a few times a day, but I'll not force the issue any more than that. They'll eat when they're ready after all.
So that's it so far. More tomorrow... If I don't fall asleep!
Here's a photo taken right after Stripe and Apache went adventuring, and they'd all had their first taste of the lino. As you can see, all that hard work builds an apetite!
Saturday, 1 September 2012
Day 20, Kittenly Love
Well, little Dreamy Dreamer must have known that I told you all that he's a lazy big lump last night, because today he's a different kitten! He's actually bothering to walk, and, get this, even drags his behind over to have a cuddle! He's starting to talk now, but because he hasn't used it much, his mew is still a little scratchy compared to the others. He absolutely loves chin rubs.
They've all made strides today. Stripey has got yet another first. She's just cut two teeth! How do I know this? Well, her brother has obviously been whispering in her ear that the human tastes kinda nice, because she's discovered an absolute love for lying on her back, having her belly tickled and chomping merrily away on whatever part of me she can reach. I thought something felt a little different, so had a poke around in her mouth, and sure enough, there was the start of her teeth! Nobody else has got those yet, although they've all got the nubs under their gums, so it won't be long now. They're so funny though. Even when they're chomping away on you, they'll always stop long enough to give you little kisses in between. Bluecream has decided she likes grooming, and gave my finger a very thorough bath today! I was suitably appreciative...
Stripey will now pop her head up and squeak hello to me almost every time I crawl into the pen for a cuddle with the babies. If she's not engaged in more important pursuits like falling over, squealing or trying to bite her brother's nose off, she'll even come over to me and yell at me until I tickle her! Bluecream, Berry, has obviously been watching, because she's suddenly decided that the big scary human thing is her favourite thing in the world, and she needs to love it and climb all over it and cry at it. Every single time I've gone in the pen today to help Apache get a good feed, she's come barrelling over to me for a fuss. She even dragged herself up onto my forearm tonight, then settled down for a kip! I need to turn into an octopus! Can you imagine how hard it is to keep that arm still so as not to dislodge her, plug Apache into a nipple with the other hand, keep the others from fighting her off, grab Dreamy and stop him from bullying everyone else off their nipple just because he can't be bothered to actually do the work and get the milk flow started for himself, plop red boy back in with his mum to stop him squealing from the other side of the pen and making her upset and get up because she thinks there's something wrong, then tickle a Stripey who screams every time you stop? I was struggling!
The pairings are definitely becoming stronger now. Stripe and red show a very definite preference for each other, and the other three have banded together, although their alegances change all the time in that threesome. They love each other, but they're not as tight as Stripe and red.
Today, the last lot of photos from when these guys were 2 weeks old. I'll give you group shots this time so that you can see how much they love each other! | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '218', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9820805191993712}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '197853', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:PTY3UTH3BIGGZMOTBWUQV4FMZBQXOBDO', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:5aaadfd1-6d02-4586-a46b-eb080621a368>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 10, 23, 7, 57, 8), 'WARC-IP-Address': '172.217.7.225', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:4DKBKEABDLNAH7HWGCVMGSSPG6Z6NIZX', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:3cc329dc-80d0-4019-a3e6-7f25dd69bf95>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://moonspuncats.blogspot.co.uk/2012/09/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:2e7b4547-c170-45de-81b3-5fb7560389c6>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '10929', 'url': 'http://moonspuncats.blogspot.co.uk/2012/09/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-137-158-248.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-43\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for October 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.05729180574417114', 'original_id': 'e9284264d5b9f1c4f6f921860b02cf58cd3e0f4ecd05f70ca5433ca9e64b0f40'} |
Extinct Species Of Scops Owl Discovered In Madeira
March 24, 2012
Extinct Species Of Scops Owl Discovered In Madeira
An international team of scientists, including some from Majorca and the Canary Islands, have described a new type of fossil scops owl, the first extinct bird on the archipelago of Madeira (Portugal). Otus mauli, which was also the first nocturnal bird of prey described in the area, lived on land and became extinct as a result of humans arriving on the island.
Twenty years ago, the German researcher Harald Pieper discovered fossil remains of a small nocturnal bird of prey in Madeira, which, until now, had not been studied in depth. The international team of palaeontologists has shown that the remains belong to a previously unknown extinct species of scops owl, which they have called Otus mauli.
"It has long legs and wings slightly shorter than the continental European scops owl from which it derives" Josep Antoni Alcover, one of the authors of the study and researcher at the Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies (IMEDEA), a mixed centre of the university of the Balearic Islands and the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), told SINC.
The result of the analysis of the proportions of the remains found, which has been published in the journal Zootaxa, reveals that Otus mauli could be a land inhabiting species that ate invertebrates and "occasionally lizards or birds".
"It is likely that their extinction is linked to the arrival of humans and the fauna they brought with them", Alcover explains. He also points out that their disappearance formed part of a pattern of extinction of the island's species, which occurred in virtually all the islands of the world.
According to researchers, amongst the causes of extinction of this scops owl, the destruction of its habitat is highlighted, as Madeira had a lot of serious fires during the seven years that followed the Portuguese arrival. Furthermore, humans brought new birds with diseases that were unfamiliar to the native species, as well as rats and mice that could prey on eggs of animals that had nests close to the ground.
Exclusive to Madeira?
The same or a similar species has been investigated in Porto Santo, another island of the archipelago of Madeira. "This is extremely interesting" the researcher says, "but difficult to assess because the materials found are limited and fragmented".
"If the scops owls of Madeira and Porto Santo were different species, it would mean that the Otus' flying ability is much more limited than continental scops owls. The distance between the two islands would be enough to isolate them" Alcover points out.
The homogeneity of the scops owls' measurements on the two islands, as well as the differences compared to European scops owls suggests that they were genetically isolated from the European populations. The distance between the continent and the island was enough to explain the difference in the species.
On this island they expect to discover new species of birds in the near future "which will report a world that disappeared just a few hundred years ago". "The same thing will happen in the Azores islands where there is already evidence that a scops owl different to the ones in Madeira and Europe that is also extinct" the scientist says.
References: Rando J.C.; Pieper H.; Alcover J.A.; Olson S.L. "A new species of extinct fossil Scops owl (Aves: Strigiformes: Strigidae: Otus) from the Archipelago of Madeira (North Atlantic Ocean)". Zootaxa 3182: 29-42, febrero 2012. DOI:
Image Caption: This is an illustration of the common European scops owl and the extinct Otus mauli species from Madeira. Credit: Pau Oliver
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Almost Testo
Testo Almost
Laura Pausini giudice a The Voice Messico
Scarica la suoneria di Almost!
Guarda il video di "Almost"
Almost you fell in love with me almost you were my bride to be But each promise that was made you have broken and betrayed And left me with a faded memory Almost my precious dream came true almost you whispered dear I do But someone new came by and you left me here to cry Oh how close we were almost Almost I heard the church bells ring almost I heard the choir sing But I hear now instead all those unkind words you said I remember every little thing Almost your heart I did possess almost you brought me happiness But dreams just won't come true and there's nothing I can do Oh how close we were almost
Scarica la suoneria di Almost!
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Q:
Metric in which $\mathbb{R}$ is not connected.
I'd like to know. Is there a metric in $\mathbb{R}$ in which $\mathbb{R}$ is not connected?
Any hint about where could I find any info about that?
A:
An example is $\mathbb{R}$ endowed with discrete metric.
| mini_pile | {'original_id': 'dff859f00a0bbc1c063d0c2f23f3dcb60439fef77b6899257bcf6a96bd09f603'} |
The Phillies' first Jewish manager | Frank's Place
Frank Fitzpatrick, STAFF WRITER
Updated: Sunday, November 5, 2017, 2:38 PM
Gabe Kapler.
Heritage is about all the only two Jewish managers in Phillies history have in common.
Gabe Kapler, hired last week to replace Pete Mackanin, is a fitness-obsessed Californian whose workout-sculpted body seems to have been created by a comic-book artist. He’s just 42 years old, is fascinated by analytics, and is, by all accounts, extremely cerebral.
Andy Cohen, meanwhile, was 55, graying, and a paunchy 5-foot-8 when he got the job in 1960. A former infielder for John McGraw, he was a seat-of-the-pants, old-school, baseball lifer.
Soon, no doubt very early in Kapler’s career, there will be one more thing to set them apart.
His team will lose a game.
Cohen, with a managerial winning percentage of 1.000, is the only one of Kapler’s 53 predecessors without a single defeat on his resume.
The fact that he managed just one game diminishes the accomplishment, of course, but it doesn’t make the story of Andy Cohen any less interesting.
While his career spanned 40 years, as a player and manager in college and organized baseball, it’s two days — 32 years apart — that make Cohen a unique figure in the game’s history.
The son of a cigar-store owner, he was born in Baltimore and raised in El Paso, Texas. At Alabama, where he had won a baseball scholarship, he became the first Jewish captain of any team there.
From 1926 through 1929, Cohen played for John McGraw’s New York Giants, a franchise then looking to counter the enormous popularity of Babe Ruth, who played for the Yankees just across the Harlem River. A Jewish star, they thought, would ignite the team’s sizable Jewish fan base.
They found Cohen in Texas. In the minors, it took the infielder time to adjust to constant anti-Semitic taunts. He once charged into the stands after a fan who called him a “Christ killer.”
A role player during his first year and a half in New York, Cohen got his opportunity when McGraw traded second-baseman Rogers Hornsby before the 1928 season.
The Sporting News, always attuned to non-white incursions into baseball, noted, he had “all the natural characteristics of his race, thick dark hair, dark skin and keen mentality.”
Sportswriters fixated on the physical traits they believed identified him as Jewish, his “hook nose”, “black, beady eyes,” thick eyebrows.”
Opening day 1928 at the Polo Grounds, Cohen delivered. He had three hits, drove in two runs, and scored two in a 5-2 victory over the Braves.
When it ended, thousands of spectators rushed the field, and Cohen, as if the groom at a Jewish wedding, was triumphantly hoisted onto their shoulders. McGraw called it the “greatest ovation given any player in all my life.”
Jewish New Yorkers continued to buy tickets. So popular was he that concessionaire J.P. Stevens instructed his vendors to hawk ice-cream cones as “ice-cream Cohens.”
Synagogues and civic associations wanted Cohen to speak. The New York-based Jewish Daily Forward began running Giants box scores on its front page. The team had to hire a secretary to handle his fan mail.
Cohen had a solid year in ‘28, hitting .274 with 24 doubles and nine home runs, as the Giants finished second, two games behind the St. Louis Cardinals.
That autumn he remained a hot commodity. Cohen and Irish catcher Frank “Shanty” Hogan were hired as an $1,800-a-week comedy act, telling corny ethnic jokes and talking baseball in theaters around the country.
“We almost singlehandedly killed vaudeville,” Cohen would say.
Some of the attention, though, would be cringe-worthy today. An anonymous poet wrote a “Casey at the Bat” parody that several New York newspapers published. Called “Cohen at the Bat,” here’s a typical excerpt:
But Jackson smacked a single over Eddie Farrell’s pate
And from the stands and bleachers the cry of “Oy. Oy.” rose
For up came Andy Cohen half-a-foot behind his nose.
Though there would also be hate mail and catcalls, Cohen’s brief big-league experience would later be seen as something positive.
“His achievement in the quintessential American sport helped diminish stereotypes,” Peter Levine wrote in Ellis Island to Ebbetts Field: Sports and the American Jewish Experience.
Although Cohen’s production and popularity tailed off just slightly in 1929, McGraw demoted him.
“Any member of an American minority competing for position or place with members of the majority culture has to be better, not just competent or equal,” Levine wrote.
Cohen would play a few more seasons in the minors, enlist during World War II, and eventually manage in Denver and El Paso. He wouldn’t return to the major leagues until 1960, when general manager John Quinn asked him to coach for Eddie Sawyer, whom the Phillies had rehired as their manager.
Philadelphia lost its season-opener, 9-4, at Cincinnati. Following an off-day workout at Connie Mack Stadium the next afternoon, Quinn and Sawyer argued about personnel. Sawyer quit, after just one game, famously telling reporters, “I’m 49 and I’d like to live to be 50.”
Sometime near 3 a.m. Thursday, April 14, Quinn telephoned Cohen.
“Gene Mauch will be our new manager,” the GM said, “can you manage the team until he gets here?”
Cohen’s Phils beat Milwaukee, 5-4, in 10 innings in that night’s home-opener. The interim manager got lucky with the one big move that confronted him.
With the Phils team trailing by a run in the seventh inning, Cohen was going to pinch-hit for pitcher Don Cardwell. But when the first hitter grounded out, he allowed the pitcher to bat. Cardwell hit a game-tying homer.
“Everyone in the stadium must have thought I knew what I was doing,” Cohen recalled 20 years later.
Cohen died at 84 in 1988. He was, friends said, never bitter about how the Giants used him as ethnic bait.
“It was a shabby trick,” the writer Paul Gallico said of the episode. “[Cohen had to] play the Jew in public as well as be a ballplayer.” | mini_pile | {'original_id': '3e67ee1edd377a7a368538800237aa623bc45e1581fb637055c033839af2e7c2'} |
New proposals to help struggling pubs get a fair deal
Proposals to help struggling pubs get a fair deal were announced today by Business Secretary Vince Cable
Pubs struggling to pay rent or beer prices could save thousands of pounds a year each, thanks to a new Code of Practice and the backing of a powerful Adjudicator, under proposals announced today by Business Secretary Vince Cable.
Ministers want to make sure that pub tenants are treated fairly by pub companies and hope that the new proposals will save tenants £100 million per year. The Code would contain mandatory rules for all pub companies who own a certain number of pubs. In particular it would stop pub companies abusing the beer tie, which obliges tenants to sell certain types of beers often at high prices.
Under the proposals a new Adjudicator would have the power to:
enforce the Code
investigate any breaches, and
deal with disputes through possible sanctions and fines
The proposals are contained in a consultation published today. The Code will apply to those pubs which own over 500 pubs, to focus on the part of the industry where almost 90 per cent of complaints are received. The consultation seeks views on whether this is a fair threshold.
Business Secretary Vince Cable said:
We gave pub companies every chance to get their house in order. But despite four select committee reports over almost a decade highlighting the problems faced by publicans, it is clear the voluntary approach isn’t working.
Pubs are small businesses under a great deal of pressure, many of which have had to close. Much of that pressure has come from the powerful pub companies and our plans are designed to rebalance this relationship.
Pubs play a valuable role at the heart of our communities and we urgently need a change to help them survive and become profitable. These plans will do just that and could save pub tenants £100 million per year by making sure that pub companies charge their tenants fair rents and beer prices.
The new proposals could also allow tied pubs to have independently picked guest beers and help the growth of small beer and ale manufacturers across the UK. The Government is committed to building a thriving pub sector. The industry represents many small businesses, employing hundreds of thousands of people across the country.
Employment Relations and Consumer Minister Jo Swinson said:
We are committed to stamping out abuse of the beer tie and helping British pubs to thrive. It has been a huge concern of mine that pubs, often the hub of our communities, are closing down at an alarming rate. What is also shocking is that the figures show that almost half of tied pubs earn less than £15,000 a year, and struggle to make ends meet because of rising beer prices and rent.
I have heard about a variety of unfair practices such as large unjustified increases in rent, and am clear that this sort of behaviour is not good enough.
These proposals will put a fairer system in place and will make sure that tied pubs are no worse off than free-of-tie pubs. For the first time if pubs feel they are being treated unfairly by their landlords they will be able to complain to a powerful new body.
This month is also Community Pubs Month with some great work going into helping community pubs. Alongside the recent beer duty discount announced in the Budget, these plans will support the pub industry and the role pubs play in building a stronger economy in our local communities.
Under proposals the Code will make sure that:
pubs are fairly and lawfully treated by pub companies
tied pubs are no worse off than free-of-tie pubs
pub companies charge fair rents and beer prices, with the possibility of open market rent reviews
tied pubs could have the option of a guest beer, picked independently, which could help the growth of small beer and ale manufacturers in the community.
If pubs feel that they are being treated unfairly or there has been a breach of the Code, they will be able to complain to the Adjudicator who can investigate and arbitrate the dispute for them. They will have the power to enforce the Code and impose fines on pub companies if the breach is severe.
Notes to editors
The beer tie refers to a condition in a lease which requires a tenant to buy beer through the pub owning company, rather than on the open market. Traditionally this involves a discounted property rent, the ‘dry rent’, and above market prices for the beer, the ‘wet rent’. This means that tied tenants have less choice and flexibility with regard to how they run their pub. There are other ties in operation but beer accounts for the vast majority of sales.
The meaning of pub tenant in the consultation is the same as pub licensee - a term used in previous government publications on the topic.
There are approx 50,000 pubs in the UK and 48% of pubs are tied (as of September 2012).
If the proposed threshold for the Code remains the same, pub companies that have 500 or more pubs that will fall under the Code would be; Enterprise Inns; Punch Taverns; Greene King; Admiral; Star; Marston’s; Wellington; Trust Inns and Spirit.
Self-regulation has been tried since 2004, including the introduction of an Industry Framework Code of Practice and an independent arbitrator and advisory service, but evidence suggests it has not worked. There have also been four BIS Select Committee reports on the matter since that time.
To strengthen the evidence of any action the government might take, the Government will also commission independent research and analysis of the impacts on both gross and net pub closures and employment levels. This analysis will be based on as much robust evidence as is available.
Community pubs month was launched by CAMRA on 1 April, and follows the success for last year’s event in which 6000 pubs nationwide held events and promotions.
9.The government’s economic policy objective is to achieve ‘strong, sustainable and balanced growth that is more evenly shared across the country and between industries’. It set four ambitions in the ‘Plan for Growth’ (PDF 1.7MB), published at Budget 2011:
* to create the most competitive tax system in the G20
* to make the UK the best place in Europe to start, finance and grow a business
* to encourage investment and exports as a route to a more balanced economy
* to create a more educated workforce that is the most flexible in Europe.
Work is underway across government to achieve these ambitions, including progress on more than 250 measures as part of the Growth Review. Developing an Industrial Strategy gives new impetus to this work by providing businesses, investors and the public with more clarity about the long-term direction in which the government wants the economy to travel. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'dc143debdfafd533e892beadd7862772d6eb425d284dc0a6abe77d896e1c0e2a'} |
Costa Rica
• Barry Turner
Part of the The Statesman’s Yearbook book series (SYBK)
Discovered by Columbus in 1502 on his last voyage, Costa Rica (Rich Coast) was part of the Spanish viceroyalty of New Spain from 1540 to 1821, then of the Central American Federation until 1838 when it achieved full independence. Coffee was introduced in 1808 and became a mainstay of the economy, helping to create a peasant land-owning class. In 1948 accusations of election fraud led to a six-week civil war, at the conclusion of which José Figueres Ferrer won power at the head of a revolutionary junta. A new constitution abolished the army. In 1986 Oscar Arias Sánchez was elected president. He promised to prevent Nicaraguan anti-Sandinista (contra) forces using Costa Rica as a base. In 1987 he received the Nobel Peace Prize as recognition of his Central American peace plan, agreed to by the other Central American states. Costa Rica was beset with economic problems in the early 1990s when several politicians, including President Calderón, were accused of profiting from drug trafficking.
República de Costa Rica
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Further Reading
1. Biesanz, R., et al., The Costa Ricans. Hemel Hempstead, 1982Google Scholar
2. Bird, L., Costa Rica: Unarmed Democracy. London, 1984Google Scholar
3. Creedman, T. S., Historical Dictionary of Costa Rica. 2nd ed. Metuchen (N.J.), 1991Google Scholar
4. Stansifer, Charles L., Costa Rica. [Bibliography] ABC-Clio, Oxford and Santa Barbara (CA). 1991Google Scholar
5. National statistical office: Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos, San José.Google Scholar
6. Website (Spanish only):
Copyright information
© Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited 2005
Authors and Affiliations
• Barry Turner
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Personalised recommendations | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '3', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8431381583213806}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '60647', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:26SOOVLZPO5343PEVDHHINMW7M2MJE2M', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:d3a98093-90a5-4e02-8325-cf1813b5fb35>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 6, 18, 3, 5, 44), 'WARC-IP-Address': '151.101.248.95', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:DSWHAAMPB6RRMYBIZR2HNQ32L3H6K3AU', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:7b36a228-10f1-485e-b500-1c93308b339c>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://rd.springer.com/chapter/10.1057%2F9780230271340_150', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:e8e6e0e3-b5f9-4bc7-aace-836a63e76e65>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '278', 'url': 'https://rd.springer.com/chapter/10.1057%2F9780230271340_150', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-26\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for June 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-158-222-202.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.06170380115509033', 'original_id': 'fd323786a0e14e179b8c4e0f29610f970229d84d5bd83e55a6583587c24d22e3'} |
What is an Indemnity Agreement?
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What is an Indemnity Agreement?
indemnity agreement
Man Signing Agreement
A NJ attorney can help companies draw up an indemnity agreement. When an indemnity agreement is set in place, financial responsibility is decided. Indemnification according to Black’s Law Dictionary, is “a duty to make good any loss, damage or liability incurred by another.” In general it means to “hold harmless” such that one party will hold another harmless in the case of damage or loss. Therefore, indemnification is the act of not being held liable, or of being protected from costs associated with damages. The costs are shifted to another party who is held liable and will have to pay for any such losses. Indemnity also comes with the understanding that when a party is injured, they have a right to claim compensation or reimbursement for any loss or damages. It can also refer to being compensated for damages or loss that occurs because of the action of a separate party. Or it can be described as a sort of legal exemption from having to pay any type of loss or damage in cases where an indemnity clause is included in a contract.
Indemnity Agreements
In many contracts, an indemnity agreement, or a “hold harmless agreement” is included. These clauses specify that a party will be indemnified (held harmless) should damages occur to the other party or property. As an example, many times in a rental agreement a tenant may agree to be held responsible if the property becomes damaged. It can also be used when companies invest in stocks and bonds trading. An individual who uses the company’s services will have to sign an agreement that they will not hold the company liable should money be lost through the company’s investing practices. There are also some companies who require an indemnity agreement before allowing anyone to participate in certain activities. Skydiving or parasailing usually require that the participant sign an indemnity agreement in the event that they become injured or die while engaged in the activity. This type of agreement is very common for companies which offer various types of dangerous leisure activities. The only exception in these types of cases is if the company is found to be negligent then the injured individual can contact a NJ attorney in order to file a claim against the company.
Types of Indemnity Agreements
In many cases, indemnity agreements are used in various types of construction contracts. Most states have three different types of indemnity agreements, or contracts: limited indemnity, partial indemnity, and broad form indemnity. Only about 5 states still consider a broad indemnity agreement to be legal as in NJ and nearly all of the other states they have been deemed illegal because of the subcontractor being held liable for any loss no matter who causes the damage; and the contractor is considered to be totally guiltless no matter who caused the damages or losses. A limited indemnity agreement will state that a subcontractor will pay for any damages caused by their own negligence which still places a heavy burden on a subcontractor, but only holds them accountable for their own actions. The only trouble with a limited indemnity is that a contractor who does not have a substantial amount of net worth is taking on a financial risk that could be much larger than what the company is worth. A partial indemnity agreement is a clause which basically states each participating company or individual is only held accountable for their own actions or for actions over which they have complete control. In these cases, one contractor is not liable for another’s actions. The partial indemnity is perhaps the best legal agreement for the subcontractor as they are only liable for circumstances which they have full control and are not held liable for other company’s neglect or areas in which they have absolutely no control.
Leave a Reply | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.966805934906006}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '71578', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:QXZ2BVE54E6TLIOWYORZNVKUCA7LNXYW', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:ec6fac20-cb53-490b-8099-98c07f794543>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 9, 23, 7, 15, 2), 'WARC-IP-Address': '198.1.74.103', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:ZTZ3YUCPMAW4I42JPWMV5XBOXBCI2BJZ', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:fde124a7-a260-48c5-ac0e-88d619f33e47>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://commonlegalquestions.com/index.php/2013/06/27/what-is-an-indemnity-agreement/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:22cf0c84-314c-4a1b-8b9f-111f4fc7644e>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '668', 'url': 'http://commonlegalquestions.com/index.php/2013/06/27/what-is-an-indemnity-agreement/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-39\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-37-160-190.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.06501162052154541', 'original_id': '0e1f2a3da479a6428abcc2c2fcade6a5dc1f505a473abc28b984072a242b333f'} |
Jasper's animal portraits
Jasper's first favorite thing was animals. Even when he was a year old and could not yet speak words he could roar like a lion. At two he would impress visitors by pointing at a book and naming an Okapi or a Kookaburra, things that some of the adults had never heard of. So began a love affair that has resulted in our home being invaded by a vast collection of animal figures. Along with his new found interest in the camera this photo shoot from a few days ago makes perfect sense.
I'm loving his compositions! | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.987568974494934}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '127398', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:35TNOJKHYGCAFWGC52HG4KQFFK42JUOB', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:2a6e4a91-5134-4363-8741-08f8f386a3c7>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 3, 21, 15, 58, 38), 'WARC-IP-Address': '198.185.159.145', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:CHAZCQIFB5QY27ZTGNXEIZJIDL26IBVI', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:bab5ea1f-afb7-440c-9045-bf3a72746a26>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.faithevanssills.com/harmonyandfaith/2009/05/jaspers-animal-portraits.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:8823f368-5d8a-434b-b6d6-7025b854541e>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '100', 'url': 'https://www.faithevanssills.com/harmonyandfaith/2009/05/jaspers-animal-portraits.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-13\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for March 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-155-175-115.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.11630368232727051', 'original_id': '403fe689b28bea2d6f00f2679e4504fdd95253210abcdfba8b8d820b3d5e355b'} |
Neuroscience, The Internet and Leadership
by eskokilpi
The structures of the brain and the Internet look the same. In the brain there are neurons that link as a result of being active at the same time. This firing together creates a connection, a wiring together, that increases the strength of the connection. On the Internet there are wired servers and people that are linked in temporal interaction, sometimes as a result of being inspired and interested in the same topic, firing together. This short-term communication sometimes leads to a longer-term relationship, increasing the strength of the connection. New connections are formed, connections get stronger and connections are lost.
It is not uncommon to think that knowing is something that goes on in the brain. Yet the evidence that it is really so is not quite clear. Some scientists have expressed doubts. The mind, they have argued, is not a thing to which a place can be allocated. Intellectual life is essentially social and interactive, they say. Life is carried on through communication between people. These researchers claim that interactions are not secondary by-products of thinking. They are the primary sites of that activity.
We often think of individuals as independent and self-contained. The view suggested here sees individuals as interdependent nodes of the complex networks they form interacting with others and co-creating themselves and the reality in which they participate.
According to Cathy Davidson, attention blindness is the fundamental structuring principle of the brain. Attention blindness is also the fundamental structuring principle of our society. We see and understand things selectively.
The opportunity lies in the fact that just as we don’t all select the same things, we don’t all miss the same things. If we can pool our insights we can thrive in the complex world we live in.
Amyarta Sen has written that wealth should not be measured by what we have but what we can do. As we engage in new relationships we are creating new potentials for action. Every human relationship, every connection, serves as a model for what is possible. Within any relationship we are in the process of becoming. Each relationship will also bring us into being as a certain kind of person creating a huge repository of potentials. What social technologies are making possible is a much, much richer repertoire than what we were used to before the Internet.
The dominant ways of thinking about the world have their origins in Newtonian mechanics in which the universe was simply the sum of its independent parts. At the moment, this part – whole thinking is being directly applied to the ways we think about leadership. Interdependence plays a minor role and anyway it is seen as the result of a deliberate choice. The Populist political thinking follows the logic that we can choose not to be interdependent.
The old ways of understanding human behavior are not up to the task any more. In contrast to Newtonian traditions, the science of social networks and modern neuroscience offer an entirely new way of understanding the fundamental interdependence of human beings and the human society.
There can be no change without changes in the patterns of communication. Organizations of any kind, no matter how large or how small they are, are continuously reproduced and transformed in the ongoing interaction. These patterns are highly correlated with performance.
In this way of thinking, we leave behind the idea of the self-governing, independent individual for a different notion, of interdependent people whose identities are established and developed in complex interaction with each other. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9574559926986694}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '87274', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:BKBWF6YZKMTXK6TM6OS7QXXOF3KZORLO', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:32306a1f-10ac-4b3e-9c20-9c66eb8b9f7f>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 7, 17, 9, 52, 39), 'WARC-IP-Address': '192.0.78.12', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:IE3M5TPZGWDYUHE7KGLH52IQKL7G2N4W', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:5b496931-72b3-45e2-ae75-a2c3406b2817>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://eskokilpi.wordpress.com/2012/11/04/neuroscience-the-internet-and-leadership/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:3ef4fa97-8aab-403e-9919-48a85d047bcf>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '591', 'url': 'https://eskokilpi.wordpress.com/2012/11/04/neuroscience-the-internet-and-leadership/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-203-174-190.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-30\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for July 2018\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.07520651817321777', 'original_id': 'fa39c7a1865c9d612e9dfaae4fd6e20a9cf5f09a096a8a88b7e64ef0ab2a6781'} |
Filial Therapy
“Filial therapy is a relationship therapy in which the therapist uses the parents as the primary change agents for their own children.”
- Rise Vanfleet
Goals of filial therapy:
1. Mitigate and resolve emotional and behavioural issues in children
2. Strengthen the parent-child bonds
3. Foster healthy psychosocial development of the child and family
Parents learn 5 basic skills during filial therapy training:
filial goals 2.jpg
How it works
Parents receive training from a registered play therapist to conduct special non-directive play sessions with their children. Initial play sessions are held under the therapist's direct supervision. Once parents are competent and confident in conducting play sessions, the therapist supports them in transitioning to unsupervised play sessions at home. Eventually, the therapist supports parents in generalising skills and approaches they have adopted during the play sessions to the broader home environment.
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If other options sound boring, maybe you should consider a fun, revved-up option like salsa dancing. You and your partner can lose yourself in the music, and it’s an intense exercise that engages the senses, combining cardio, balance, and coordination. Plus salsa dancing is great for keeping weight under control because it burns a lot of calories. Furthermore, it’s an activity that can build self-confidence, and if you’re single, the classes can be terrific for meeting new people. Regular exercise doesn’t have to be drudgery, and there are many types of dance classes that can seriously improve fitness and help you address erectile dysfunction.
There is no guaranteed, permanent way to ‘cure’ ED – partly because, age is a factor that affects ED the older you are, the more likely you are to get ED symptoms. This might mean that even if you have successfully kept your erectile dysfunction under control in the past, you may get ED symptoms again as you get older. Also, there are lots of factors that cause ED. So, one factor that doesn’t affect you right now might do in the future.
Thank you for posting this. The exact same thing happened to me, My Dr. recommended Niacin to reduce LDL and increase HDL. Trouble is I noticed my sex life really dropped quickly. Very rare to get and maintain an erection. I couldn't quite tell but it seemed to me the problems started a couple of weeks after I began the Niacin. Out of desperation I quit Niacin to see what would happen and suddenly the full and regular erectiions came back. Everything I read says the effect should be the opposite. Now I have to decide do a die earlier of heart disease and have more sex or better cholesterol control with a diminished and almost non-existent sex life. Pretty sure I'm gonna favor the sex life!
It's also important to remember that your mental health plays as much a part of your sexual ability as your physical health. Stress and other mental health concerns can cause or make erectile dysfunction worse. Minor health problems may slow your sexual response, but the accompanying anxiety that comes with the slow sexual response can shut things down entirely.
In the United States, certain prescription drugs containing yohimbine have been approved since the 1980s. They are labeled Yohimbine hydrochloride (which go by the brand names Aphrodyne or Yocon). Yohimbine medications are prescribed most commonly to treat sexual dysfunction in both men and women caused by a number of factors like aging, hormonal imbalances or side effects of medications.
Erectile dysfunction can occur as a side effect of medication taken for another health condition. Common culprits are high blood pressure meds, antidepressants, some diuretics, beta-blockers, heart medication, cholesterol meds, antipsychotic drugs, hormone drugs, corticosteroids, chemotherapy, and medication for male pattern baldness, among others.
In the analysis of the study, the niacin group showed a significant increase in both IIEF-Q3 scores and IIEF-Q4 scores compared to the initial baseline values. While the placebo group also showed a significant increase in IIEF-Q3 scores (high hopes, no doubt), it did not for IIEF-Q4 scores. In other words, the “placebo effect” did not extend to maintaining erections. Also, when patients were stratified according to the baseline severity of ED, the patients with moderate and severe ED who received niacin showed a significant improvement in IIEF-Q3 scores (0.56 and 1.03, respectively) and IIEF-Q4 scores (0.56 and 0.84, respectively) compared with baseline values. These results were not significantly increased for the placebo group.
Although not direct proof of cause and effect, the positive results that we report in half of the men in the current study may reinforce our clinical observation with objective RigiScan™ data that use of yohimbine might be associated with better effects in nonsmokers. We30 reported that cessation of smoking may rapidly improve nocturnal erectile activity and found that nicotine was not the noxious agent in our study. We postulated that carbon monoxide might create a hypoxic environment in the penis. This effect probably was mediated through restoration of nitric oxide activity.31
While eating magnesium-rich foods or taking a magnesium supplement at the proper dosage is safe for most men, the mineral can interfere or interact with some medications. Discuss the benefits and risks of altering your daily magnesium intake with your doctor, particularly if you take blood pressure medications, diuretics, diabetes medications or antibiotics. Men diagnosed with erectile dysfunction often require changes in other minerals and vitamins or even prescription medication. Ensuring a proper daily intake of magnesium may help maintain healthy erectile function, but magnesium alone is unlikely to cause a significant reduction in ED symptoms. Magnesium levels can also be affected by excess weight, chronic stress and excessive amounts of alcohol. These factors may also be partially responsible for erectile problems.
When a man becomes sexually excited, muscles in their penis relax. This relaxation allows for increased blood flow through the penile arteries. This blood fills two chambers inside the penis called the corpora cavernosa. As the chambers fill with blood, the penis grows rigid. Erection ends when the muscles contract and the accumulated blood can flow out through the penile veins.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University last year looked at 3,400 healthy Americans and found that men who were vitamin D deficient were 32% more likely to have trouble getting it up than those with sufficient levels, even after adjusting for other ED risk factors. In fact, the connection is so common, Walker says D levels are something he always checks in ED patients. Why? The sunshine vitamin is crucial for keeping the endothelial cells that line blood vessels healthy. Without enough of the stuff, blood flow is inhibited, affecting everything from your heart to your hard-on.
Vitamin B12 can be found only in the products of animal origin. That is, the greatest amount of this vitamin is available in by-products (liver, kidneys, and heart). The other vitamin B12 rich foods include cheese, seafood (crabs, salmon fish, and sardines), meat, and poultry. Vitamin B12 deficiency declares itself by diarrhea, decreased appetite, tingling tongue, burning tongue, low stomach acid, altered skin sensation, and impairment of sensation in the extremity muscles.
Zinc distributes all over the body, so it’s difficult to test through a blood test. If you have problems with erectile dysfunction or suspect that you might have a zinc deficiency, talk with your doctor. A medical professional will be able to check your testosterone level and determine if using zinc supplements to treat your ED is an appropriate course of action. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '6a310e9ced72da60df2abf3dc522ec49f8c21b537355341611b91cdbefaad9bf'} |
Football at the 2007 Island Games
Football at the 2007 Island Games may refer to:
Football at the 2007 Island Games – Men's tournament
Football at the 2007 Island Games – Women's tournament
Category:2007 Island Games
Category:2007 in association football
2007 | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'ce1761463fd3c72227310cb422d6bfb27a6aa777c7df6b4a35f2516f1c5f7640'} |
Monday, February 26, 2018
Classifying Your Cross-Genre Novel's Genre
A sf romance is first and foremost a romance. Linnea Sinclair's sf romance novels are driven forward by the romance. Catherine Asaro's novels are science fiction novels with a romantic element. The science fiction plot and worldbuilding drive the novel forward, not the romance.
A werewolf novel that is driven forward by the worldbuilding and various werewolf political/pack struggles is urban fantasy. A werewolf novel where boy wolf meets girl vampire, and they fall in love during various werewolf political/pack struggles is a paranormal romance.
The important thing to pull out of this is that you must understand what the central genre of your novel is so your novel doesn't fail by genre standards which are really reader expectation standards.
When you are writing your book, staying within genre or subgenre expectations makes the book much easier to market to the correct readers.
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7 differences between RFID tags and barcodes 2020-07-03
Barcode technology is the abbreviation of barcode auto-identificationtech. It is a symbol automatic recognition technology which is produced and developed on the basis of contemporary information technology. The functions of symbol coding, data collection, automatic identification, entry, and storage of information can be integrated into one body, which can effectively solve the problems of the collection and automatic entry of large amounts of data in the logistics process.
Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a wireless communication technology that can identify specific targets through radio signals and read and write related data without the need to establish mechanical or optical contact between the identification system and the specific targets. The signal of the radio is to transmit the data from the label attached to the item through the electromagnetic field tuned to the radio frequency to automatically identify and track the item.
In fact, before the application of RFID technology, the recording and transmission of information mainly rely on bar codes. The advantages of using bar code identification methods are flexible configuration and low system cost. However, it has the characteristics of easy contamination, breakage, and more complicated operations. Although RFID tags and barcodes Both are used to store product information, but there are seven differences between these two technologies:
1. Data storage capacity
The capacity of one-dimensional barcode is 50 bytes, the maximum capacity of two-dimensional barcode can store 2 to 3000 characters, and the maximum capacity of RFID is several M bytes. With the development of memory carriers, the data capacity also tends to expand. In the future, the amount of data that items need to carry will become larger and larger, and the demand for storage media to expand capacity will increase accordingly.
2. Anti-pollution ability and durability
The carrier of the traditional bar code is paper, so it is easy to be contaminated, but RFID is very resistant to substances such as water, oil and chemicals. In addition, because the bar code is attached to a plastic bag or an outer packaging carton, it is particularly vulnerable to damage; RFID tags store data in the chip, so they can be protected from contamination and prolong service life.
3. External form
RFID is not limited by the size and shape of reading, and it is not necessary to solve the size or printing accuracy of the carrier for reading accuracy. In addition, RFID tags can be further miniaturized and diversified to apply to different products.
4. Security
Since RFID carries electronic information, its data content can be protected by encryption technology, so that its content is not easy to be forged and altered, and bar codes are exposed physical information, and most of them use general coding rules, and data security cannot be guaranteed.
5. Tracing efficiency
Barcode scanning recognition frequency is limited, only one barcode can be scanned at a time; RFID reader can recognize and read several RFID tags at the same time.
6. Penetrating and accessible reading
When covered, RFID can penetrate non-metallic or non-transparent materials such as paper, wood and plastic, and can communicate penetratingly. The barcode scanner must be able to recognize the barcode at a short distance and without obstruction.
7. Reusable
After the current bar code is printed, it cannot be changed and cannot be reused, which virtually increases the cost of the enterprise, and the RFID tag can repeatedly add, modify, and delete the data stored in the RFID tag to facilitate the update of information.
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Su-ısı bağlantısı | Sıcak su şişesi olarak insanlar
Su-Isı bağlantısı
Şanslıyım, son 30 yıldır çoğu ateşin batmasına neden olan ilaçlara karşı alerjim var. Bu yüzden sıcak yatağımda uzanmayı ve vücudumun işi yapmasına izin vermeyi tercih ediyorum. Bu bir doktor ve ilaçlarından daha pahalıdır, çünkü çoğunlukla daha uzun sürebilir ve bu arada hiçbir şey kazanmıyorum. Yine de kalıcı olarak daha sağlıklı ve daha sonra daha uygun olduğum izlenimi altındayım. Belki de bu nedenle bilinen en tehditkar hastalıklardan biri olan kanserden kurtuldum. İlaçlar pek yardımcı olmuyor. Eğer yardım edersem vücudum bana daha fazla yardımcı olabilir.
Ama nasıl?
Çocukken, annem ateş 40 dereceye ulaştığında doktora başvurur ve birlikte ateşi düşürürler. Çok güçlü bir bağışıklık sistemim vardı ve çocuk felcine karşı ilk koruyucu aşılamamdan sonra 42 derece ateş aldım. Bugün, 60 yaşın üzerinde, kötü bir enfeksiyonla 39 dereceye ulaşmakta zorlanıyorum. Evet, ulaşmak!
Hastalıkla mücadelede en doğal ve kolay çözüm olan ateşle bu nasıl başarılabilir, mesleğimden gazeteci olarak öğrendim. Avrupa'nın en ünlü naturopathı Uwe Karstaedt ile içme suyu hakkındaki görüşleri hakkında uzun yıllar boyunca uğraştığım bir şeyle röportaj yaptım. Düşük vücut sıcaklığının yarattığı hasarı tanımladığı “98.6 ° F - İdeal Sağlığın Sırrı Olarak İdeal Vücut Sıcaklığı” kitabını tanıttı. Ve gereklilik, sadece hasta olduğunda değil, aynı zamanda kendini soğumaya karşı korumak için sağlıklı olduğunda. Hipokrat cümleye sadık: “Bana ateşe neden olacak gücü ver, ben de bütün hastalıkları iyileştireceğim.” Ölüm soğuk. En iyi nasıl sıcak kalacağınız bu bölümde öğreneceksiniz.
Humans as hot water bottles
Calories are energy units which we extract from our nourishment. This word comes from the latin word “calor”, which means heat. So we eat and drink to produce heat. Originally, this term was used to calculate the amount of thermal energy which is necessary to heat up 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius. A Kilocalorie is the amount of energy needed to warm up 1 kg (Liter) water from 0 to 1 degree.
Lets take Max Mustermann, scientifically known in common standards as – a man: He is 170 cm tall and weighs 70 kg. Of that are 42 kg water (42 Liters). If we were to see Mr Mustermann as a hot water bottle, is his empty weight 28 kg. To heat up his bodily fluids from 0 to 37 degrees Celsius, we need 42 x 37 Kilocalories. That is a total of 1554 kcal. Not so little if you consider the total average of kilocalories a day, between 2000 and 3000. Luckily Max does not have to heat up his body temperature constantly from 0 to 37 degrees. But also the 28 kg hot water bottle material must remain warm.
So it is not surprising, that heating up the hot water bottle always becomes more difficult, when little, sturdy Max throughout his life has turned into old, weak Grandpa Mustermann. And those who cannot rise to the adequate operating temperature, who don’t even have enough strength to have a fever over 39 degrees, will also somehow, somewhere, get ill. Exactly this was Uwe Karstaedt’s experience with his patients. The great majority had, at least a mild “low temperature”. And someone who seeks a naturopath is usually ill and is not only looking for warm words but also therapeutic actions.
Heat distribution with the Richway Amethyst BioMat
How do you push the energy balance, so that the engine of life can once again run in the right temperature range? How do you eliminate this lack of energy which has become part of modern diseases like chronic fatigue syndrome?
It cannot be more calories from more food. Better nourishment resolves other problems than that of a lost fever competence. And our body heat in any case supplies itself from energy from more sources, not only from nourishment.
Also the rays from the sky, the heat of the earth, a hot bath, going to the sauna, even body heat from other people keeps our hot water bottle in its comfort zone.
Yet what happens, if we cannot walk barefoot often enough on La Gomera’s sun drenched beaches, if we cannot jump into the spa frequently and if your cuddle partner fails to appear?
Chilling out thanks to heat?
Don’t even think of missing anything. Just get well as quickly as possible. Days off due to illness kill my career. Get out of that warm bed! How often have untalented educators mistakenly taken illnesses for laziness, people being slackers, feeble and weak. “In bed is where people die”, my grandmother used to taunt when she would head off Sunday morning on a mountain hike at 6 am. The bed is delighted by secret affection from dreams and creativity, relaxation and love’s pleasures. Nevertheless, it is also unavoidable for the career type. It is the repressed gap in the usually chock a block calendar. And therefor the bed is the last chance for natural therapies, which need time and simultaneously a fixed place. Your bed has not made an appointment with you, yet this is a fixed date which is seldom cancelled or postponed.
The infrared mat which is placed permanently on the bed has been chosen as Uwe Karstaedt’s best form of therapy and demonstrates its strategic brilliance.
Infrared sauna cabins are also available for comparable prices which base themselves on a similar work principle. Yet who sits one hour a day in such a cabin? I own one since the last 3 years. Before it used to be in my home office, so that I can use it more quickly. You don’t do this constantly if you have to do it extra!
On the other hand, on the infrared mat for the bed I can sleep on it, dream, read a book, play on my tablet, watch television, make phone calls, have personal conversations, I can even type this text on it. For the infrared mat doesn’t demand any other activity from me after I have switched it on and set it to my programme. Similar to meditation or yoga exercises, it switches me passively into the parasympathetic relaxation state, frees endorphins and if higher levels are set it stimulates the immune system.
All of this with just one demand: lie comfortably on it. The new Biomats, that Karstaedt uses, even have an extra soft layer named the “Quantum Energy Comforter”. Just by lying on it without exerting pressure on your body can stress, which burdens the muscles with tension or the soul with anxiety, be removed by relaxation. You can even “chill out”, although this adolescent expression indicates the opposite with its meaning. Up to 78% fewer stress hormones is quite cool. Sadly, even youths today have a low temperature, especially if poor circulation in fat pads stand in the way of Max Mustermann Jr.’s temperature balance. Traditionally, a bed is linked to the expectation of warmth. Yet all the warmth which is stored in the eiderdown is first of all produced by the body. The mat helps you with this. And your good night’s sleep is deeper.
To drink warm or cold
With so many discussions about heat I can already see myself as the bogeyman at Ayurveda conferences. This medicinal treatment direction which originates from India recommends ill people to drink preferably warm to hot water. This might be sensible against the background of Indian hygiene conditions. With the statements in this book I am all for drinking water which is colder than room temperature because it can be treated better with hydrogen. After all, I recommend with the many reasons I have displayed in various chapters, to drink electrically activated water which is hydrogen rich and slightly alkaline – up to pH 9,5. In warm or hot water the important antioxidant hydrogen escapes up to 100%. The water will just be alkaline. Therefor I dissuade people from doing this. At the same time I plead for infrared mats, which are a supporting pillar of contemporary pharma-free therapies. How does that fit together?
• To Max Mustermann’s 42 kg (Liter) of body water it is quite irrelevant if you drink a glass (0,25 l) of cold tap water at 17 degrees C, or a glass of water at 57 degrees C, so 20 degrees under or over your ideal body temperature.
• Even if you mix pure water in this ratio, this amounts to a temperature change which is less than 1/10 of a degree. These are the ratios when you mix hot and cold directly. Yet these compromise the regulatory mechanisms of our body.
• Measure your (rectal) temperature before drinking and 10 minutes afterwards. You will see for yourself. If, for example, I have cold feet because I sat for a long time at the computer, my body temperature rises by 0,3 degrees 10 minutes after having drunk 1 Liter of cold water from the tap.
• Of course you can also measure this with a smaller amount of water, to test the regulating ability of your body. I grew up next to a Munich Beergarden where water is also served in 1 Liter beer steins, so I am used to these amounts.
• Also hot water – everyone has their maximum “pain threshold”, will you see that it sometimes causes apparent paradoxical temperature effects.
Karl Heinz Asenbaum
The internationally sought after expert on electrically activated water highlights an aspect of marked health significance in his latest book on water: The, until recent times, underestimated content of dissolved hydrogen gas. Hydrogen gas for a long time was considered a physiologically ineffective gas. This dogma was first toppled in 2007 by Shigeo Ohta’s working group. Since then, research on hydrogen as a therapeutic gas has mushroomed.
The book focuses on the absorption of hydrogen rich water from drinking. Quite suddenly an industry has developed which makes devices for the production of such water. Almost weekly the author receives in his mail new devices, which claim to be better than the others.
Karl Heinz Asenbaum clarifies in this book the different technologies and assesses them critically.
In addition he also illustrates his new ideas on the “hydrogen revolution”, that not only will change drinking, but also eating.
• Yasin Akgün
Türk asıllı Yasin Akgün, 22 Mayıs 1977'de Münih'te doğdu. Lise diplomasını aldıktan sonra TU Münih'te makine mühendisliği eğitimini tamamladı. 1987'den 2018'e kadar Fraunhoferstr 13.'de faaliyet gösteren Münih Su merkezini 2006 yılında satın aldı.Aquacentrum, 2018'de Münih'in bir banliyösü olan Garching'e taşındı.
> Yasin Akgün hakkında daha fazlası →
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Socialism equals triumph for corporate criminals
Socialism equals triumph for corporate criminals
by Jon Rappoport
In several recent articles (all here under category: socialism), I’ve exposed the myth that socialism is a revolution of and for the people.
I’ve presented evidence that socialism is actually a movement owned, operated, and funded by ultra-wealthy elites.
Dupes, foot soldiers, blind idealists, indoctrinated students, and low-level thugs are recruited through cutouts to serve the agenda of Rockefeller Globalists, for example, who are determined to bring about worldwide socialism.
Socialism, in a nutshell, equals ultra-rich elites (represented by the Council on Foreign Relations, Trilateral Commission, Bilderberg, etc.) owning the free market, cutting out competition, and creating more powerful, overarching, central governments.
Hidden in the plan is the granting of greater dominion to mega-corporations. This is a key fact.
The US Constitution was a document that established extremely limited central government. Regardless of the motives of the authors and the state legislatures that ratified it, the ideas contained in the Constitution were, and are, extremely oppressive toward large centralized structures controlling the people.
But there was another factor present at the beginning of the American Republic.
At the dawn of the United States, corporations were chartered and thus allowed to operate by the individual states. If a corporation, in the eyes of a state legislature, violated a basic trust by harming the people, committing offenses against the citizenry, the legislature could summarily cancel their charter and literally exile them from the state.
This power followed, in part, from the fact that corporations were not and are not individuals. They do not have the rights and freedoms of individuals. Corporations were not granted the rights of citizens in the Constitution.
Richard Grossman, an activist and scholar of US corporate history, unearthed and made lucid these facts.
At the birth of the American Republic, therefore, there was a double limitation on power. Central government and corporations were both strapped and shackled.
Of course, just as the federal government has been allowed to expand like an unchecked fungus, so has corporate power.
Under socialism (aka Globalism), mega-corporate power is the prow of a ship that sails on and on and conquers the economies of the world.
Corporate crimes go unpunished.
Contrary to popular belief, the real agenda of socialism has nothing to do with prosecuting those crimes.
The idea, for example, that greater socialism in America would defeat Monsanto is ludicrous in the extreme.
Monsanto is one of the components of actual socialism—the real, not the fake, version.
Again, socialism is by, for, and of the ultra-wealthy elites. It is not a movement on behalf of the downtrodden.
As Gary Allen puts it in his 1971 classic, None Dare call It Conspiracy: “…pressure from above and pressure from below… The pressure from above comes from secret, ostensibly respectable Comrades in the government and [elite Globalist] Establishment, forming, with the radicalized mobs in the streets below, a giant pincer around middle-class society. The street rioters are pawns, shills, puppets, and dupes for an oligarchy of elitist conspirators working above to turn America’s limited government into an unlimited government with total control over our lives and property.”
“The American middle class is being squeezed to death by a vise. In the streets we have avowed revolutionary groups… Virtually all members of these groups sincerely believe that they are fighting the Establishment. In reality they are an indispensable ally of the Establishment in fastening Socialism on all of us. The naive radicals think that under Socialism the ‘people’ will run everything. Actually, it will be a clique of Insiders in total control, consolidating and controlling all wealth. That is why these schoolboy Lenins and teenage Trotskys are allowed to roam free and are practically never arrested or prosecuted. They are protected. If the Establishment wanted the revolutionaries stopped, how long do you think they would be tolerated?”
Gary Allen wrote that passage in 1971. Does it ring a familiar bell now?
Equally famous is the prescription for all advertising: repeat the same message over and over, so it sinks into the mind and forms a false impression of truth.
Thus it has been with the basic message of socialism. “This is a form of government that finally serves the people. It is the people rising up to take the reins of power.”
Once that notion is rigidly fixed in consciousness, it is impossible to believe socialism is actually emanating from the elite of the elite.
Fortunately, more and more people are waking up to the basic con of fake news, which doesn’t only broadcast distorted current events spooling out through screens, day by day.
Basic themes of fake news also span decades and even centuries.
What will happen when enough young people, who want to tear down the structures of the monopolists, realize those same men are bankrolling them in the streets?
What will happen when these young people realize their teachers and mentors and handlers and professors have been feeding them the precise reverse of the truth?
As long as independent media continue to proliferate, that day is coming.
Original article
(TLB) recommends other thought provoking articles from Jon Rappoport.
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Your email address will not be published. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '271', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9473689794540404}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '145794', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:NMYLRAGTJUKRWSBZCYDBYKJJ3AXOGKTQ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:8d3add0f-59de-4e3e-8c84-3706e2fd73b9>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 9, 20, 23, 4, 14), 'WARC-IP-Address': '167.114.117.137', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:C3CAHOKCFVUJ74P6YG3DGSX2MHT4SH5K', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:58672d68-6fe8-436e-98f6-34b7dcd73c50>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.thelibertybeacon.com/socialism-equals-triumph-for-corporate-criminals/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:c36ce34f-fa6c-4f07-8866-84073a316ea5>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1122', 'url': 'https://www.thelibertybeacon.com/socialism-equals-triumph-for-corporate-criminals/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-39\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-151.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.08408170938491821', 'original_id': 'd24ce19a2e021cabcec38ad1e210f134e7a049629f4f17b9b364469819d87a37'} |
[Epistemic status: I don't expect this to break new ground not already in core reading (such as Eliezer Yudkowsky's A Human's Guide to Words or Scott Alexander's Categorisation and Concepts), but I am writing this as a pointer for future reference]
[Trigger warning: analogical discussion of rape, kinda treating Scotsmen as if they're not there]
In Traditional Rationality, the No True Scotsman fallacy is a logical fallacy in which a person saying all X are Y, faced with an alleged counterexample Z where Z is X but not Y, deny the alleged counterexample Z is X, thus saving their statement from falsification.
Scotsmen
The archetypal example of the No True Scotsman fallacy, which gives it its name, is this one:
Imagine Hamish McDonald, a Scotsman, sitting down with his Glasgow Morning Herald and seeing an article about how the "Brighton Sex Maniac Strikes Again". Hamish is shocked and declares that "No Scotsman would do such a thing". The next day he sits down to read his Glasgow Morning Herald again; and, this time, finds an article about an Aberdeen man whose brutal actions make the Brighton sex maniac seem almost gentlemanly. This fact shows that Hamish was wrong in his opinion, but is he going to admit this? Not likely. This time he says: "No true Scotsman would do such a thing". Flew, Antony (1975), Thinking About Thinking: Do I Sincerely Want to Be Right?, London: Collins Fontana, p. 47, ISBN 978-0-00-633580-1
Reading this, one is tempted to conclude that any argument of this form is wrong and fallacious and should not be used. But consider the following dialogue:
ALICE: All Scotsmen are UK citizens
BOB: But Xi Jinping is a Scotsman, yet he isn't an UK citizen.
ALICE: He is not a true Scotsman.
BOB: You're using the No True Scotsman fallacy !
It's self-evident that Alice is right and Bob is wrong. One might be tempted to call No True No True Scotsman Fallacy, but it fits the definition of the No True Scotsman fallacy we gave earlier: Alice is saying that all Scotsmen are UK citizens and, when faced with the alleged counterexample that Xi Jinping is a Scotsman but not an UK citizen, deny that Xi Jinping is a Scotsman, thus saving her statement from falsification. Either we should abandon all statements of the form "All X are Y" when faced with one of the Bobs of this world, either we should stop calling No True Scotsman a fallacy, or somebody has to get more subtle. Let's try the third option.
A question we can ask in our effort to get more subtle about this subject is why do we care about the Aberdeen man being a true Scotsman. It would be easy to say we care because if the Aberdeen man is a true Scotsman, then this would disprove Hamish's statement that no Scotsman would do such a thing. But this raise a second question: why do we care about whether Hamish's statement is correct ? How should our behavior change if Hamish's statement is correct ?
If Hamish's statement is correct, then we should allocate less funds to efforts to reduce rape in Scotland.
If Hamish's statement is correct, then detectives should spend less time studying Scottish suspects of rape.
If Hamish's statement is correct, then Scotsmen should be preferentially hired in jobs that involve risks of rape such as teacher or priest.
Now, as explained in The Truth about Scotsmen, or: Dissolving Fallacies by Tesseract, most of those are consequences of "Scotsmen are less likely to rape" rather than "no true Scotsman would ever rape", but you could imagine a sociologist making a study showing that Scotsmen aren't less likely to rape, and Hamish saying "but no true Scotsman would do anything like that", so the question still exist. As you can see, all those statements depend on the statement "people from Scotland are less likely to rape", not "people who follow the Scottish Way of Life as defined by Hamish MacDonald are less likely to rape". As such, the No True Scotsman fallacy is properly understood as a form of equivocation between two different meanings of "Scotsmen".
Compare the argument between Alice and Bob. Why do we care about whether all Scotsmen are UK citizens ? How should your behavior change if most Scotsmen are UK citizens ? Well, a lot of things. For example, if most Scotsmen are UK citizens, then your new Uber For Kilts start-up should primarily care about UK business law. Here it is clear that no equivocation is going on: we clearly mean the ethnic group living in Scotland that is obsessed with kilts. Indeed it is Bob which is equivocating between "Scotsman" as "member of the ethnic group living in Scotland that is obsessed with kilts" and whatever definition he is using when he say Xi Jinping is a Scotsman.
Politics
Considering it is unlikely that many of this blog's readers will one day enter a discussion on the merits of Scotsmen, let's consider a more common use of the No True Scotsman Fallacy Fallacy: politics.
ALICE: I support cuddling puppies.
BOB: Cuddling puppies ? Isn't that a Blue policy ? Don't you know that Stalitler The Blue was an horrible dictator who killed 230 million of people through her policy of giving psychotic monkeys control over the economy ?
ALICE: Oh, but my Blue-ism involves more cuddling puppies and less giving psychotic monkeys control over the economy.
BOB: Won't any of you learn from the mistakes of past Blue regimes and stop supporting Blue policies ? I think Stalitler The Blue's death count is enough evidence against Blue ideology already.
ALICE: But Blue-ism means supporting cuddling puppies, Stalitler wasn't a real Blue !
BOB: You're using the No True Scotsman fallacy !
If you have ever made the mistake of wandering around lay political debates (or debates around religion, for that matter), you might recognize a common argument in this little dialogue. If you haven't, it's probably because you were on Bob's side and it's harder to notice bad arguments when they're used against your opponents. We can also use our new framework for understanding the No True Scotsman fallacy. Alice isn't equivocating between two definitions of Blue. She is consistently using "Blue" to mean "supporting cuddling puppies". It is, in fact, Bob who is equivocating between "Blue" meaning "supporting giving psychotic monkeys control over the economy" and "Blue" meaning "supporting cuddling puppies".
Conclusion | mini_pile | {'original_id': '04be7f996f2ab934032c6758f7b5a442218e1a50dc29d9a299ffc3d5ea37cb2d'} |
Tuesday, January 3, 2012
The Ten Traits of an Assassin
Jenna Elfman plays Ellena Roberts in
the 2002 Lifetime movie, Obsessed.
In one of my favorite Lifetime movies, Obsessed, from 2002, Jenna Elfman plays a character by the name of Ellena Roberts who is infatuated with a well-known surgeon. When her infatuation crosses the line from fantasy into reality -- in the form of Ellena harrassing Dr. David Stillman and his family -- her behavior becomes criminal. One of the reasons that I love this movie so much is because so much of the plot is ambiguous, leaving the viewer to wonder just what the initial nature of their relationship was, and exactly what the hell was going on in Ellena's head? The way that Ellena views the world is also very different than reality: colors are a bit more vivid while the "focus" is more fluid and romantic, as opposed to the hard matter-of-fact point of view as voiced by her victim, Dr. Stillman. While a lot of the dialogue may be overdramatic and lacking credibility (such as Vlasta Vrana's psychiatrist character declaring that Ellena Roberts has "seven of the ten traits of an assassin"), the story's interesting twists and various plot devices makes this movie a guilty pleasure that you can really sink your teeth into.
Like many people, I couldn't help but search the internet to find out the real traits of an assassin. Unfortunately, it would seem that the writers of this classic have invented such criteria. What might they look like? Here's my list:
1. Lack of conscience. This has got to be the number-one requirement in traits of an assassin. If the subject feels the least amount of remorse, it will be difficult to carry out destructive tasks. Regret should rarely occur, and when it does, can be easily replaced with delusions and rationalizations.
2. Cunning. An assassin must be able to "think outside the box" and determine as many methods as possible toward achieving the final outcome. Unconventional or unusual ways of looking at the world -- or clever ways of acquiring and applying knowledge -- is an advantage to the assassin.
3. Versatility. The ability to use many tools in order to get the job done is vital, so the subject should be able to learn quickly and adapt to new surroundings. Assassins will also treat other people as useful tools in order to complete their work.
4. Charm and glibness. Because assassins often need to infiltrate their prey's surroundings in order to get the job done, the assassin must have extra-special powers of persuasion. Knowing how to manipulate other people will go a long way toward completing their malicious goals.
5. Pathological tendencies. It's a lot easier to be a mercenary of any sort if you're more able to justify your nefarious actions. Assassins never feel remorse, and in fact, may have an "avenging angel" complex.
6. Risk taking. Someone with assassin tendencies will naturally be duplicitous and have no problems with treacherous or tricky scenarios. He or she can easily adapt to treacherous conditions, and may even enjoy the thrill of dangerous situations.
7. Restlessness. An assassin doesn't like to sit still for long. Someone who is truly cold-blooded or devious very likely craves drama and excitement. Any adrenaline junkie will tell you that once you've experienced a rush like this, it's hard to stop looking for thrills.
8. Untrustworthy. An assassin will do or say anything to gain access to their prey's demise. Lies come easily. Cheating, stealing, and lying -- all destructive acts -- come easy to the assassin, especially if there is something to be gained from them.
9. Chaotic life. Problems may abound for an assassin, who has difficulty understanding and respecting the boundaries of others. This type of poor judgement often manifests in chaos and drama of his or her own making.
10. Nothing to lose. While this trait may appear to contradict the previous one, you must get inside the mind of an assassin to truly understand. A person like this may have fragile (if any) real connections to anyone or anything, and can easily abandon those connections if it's advantageous of him or her to do so.
Because Ellena didn't actually perform any violent acts in the movie, it would seem that her crimes (at least the ones that she committed) were more of the emotional variety. I would classify her as more of an emotional vampire than an assassin. However, many of the traits above do seem to describe her character.
This movie was based on a true story, about a woman named Diane Schaefer who stalked an oncologist in New York for many years. She was eventually sentenced to 2 years in prison during the 1990s.
Photo Credit: Thanks to Greg Hernandez who made this photo available under a Creative Commons license. (It has been altered, the original can be found here.) I appreciate it, and I'm sure so do those who have come here searching for the 10 traits of an assassin! :)
1 comment:
Like Me on Facebook! :) | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '8', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9510440230369568}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '147663', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:4TV4THH3RRC3L7HCJKA2K3KPG7Y7AXD6', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:5d8f2d61-9b73-4cb3-9930-1c2d5620eaa0>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 11, 16, 21, 10, 44), 'WARC-IP-Address': '172.217.5.225', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:MXHN3YYMSTIV3BM4GMIQ7QVD7GORGVNR', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:0482542e-c053-4e86-9b39-b2367e2affce>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://consultthesage.blogspot.com/2012/01/ten-traits-of-assassin.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:bd731435-57c9-4feb-9f52-1101e1f08997>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '790', 'url': 'http://consultthesage.blogspot.com/2012/01/ten-traits-of-assassin.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-47\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-27.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.17778563499450684', 'original_id': '1d2c98224d442c22d47ab015497085f5cf01e7f2a1085cfe909fc1c1e6927106'} |
Microbial Quality of an Alaska Native Smoked Salmon Process.
A 4-day process of smoking and drying at ambient temperature (30°C) was used to produce Alaska Native-style salmon strips. A water activity of 0.95 during the first 3 days of smoking and drying allowed initial aerobic and facultative anaerobic microbial counts of 1.4 × 104/g and 6.5 × 103/g to reach 2.1 × 106/g and 2.8 × 106/g of fish, respectively. Coliform and yeast counts, which were less than 3/g and less than 4.0 × 102/g respectively, increased to 2.4 × 105/g and 4.2 × 104/g of fish by day 4. Staphylococcus aureus counts increased from 15/g to 2.4 × 105/g of fish during processing. The high S. aureus count in this product indicates consumers may be at risk. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '21fd46c4d17d6b5aa70988777b77259d82c66e61fa9f545dddac7c7a01166f2f'} |
Daxtech Logo 905-556-0336
HDTV Antenna Mounts
TV Antenna Mounts
We have small basic tv antenna mounts and we have larger tripod mounts right up to antenna towers. The antenna signal is coming from broadcast towers out of Toronto and Buffalo if you live in the greater Toronto area. If you live in a good area without many obstructions then you can probably just install a basic j-mount. If you have a trees then you may want to install a tripod to give you some height. A tripod will normally give you at least 10ft higher off your roof. The tripod is generally installed at the peak of the roof. In cases where you are far from the broadcast towers, you are in a valley or have a lot of trees then an antenna tower might be needed.
Antenna Mount
For a small basic antenna mount use this small mount that will work with a variety of different antennas. In cases where you want to hide the antenna off the back of the roof or if you want a versatile mount that can be attached to the roof, the wall or the chimney then this is the mount to use. They come in 21″ and 39″. The longer one is to give you extra height and is also recommended for grill type antennas like the Channel Master 8 bay.
Antenna Tripod
The antenna tripod is mounted at the peak of the roof. The tripod mounts coem in 3ft, 5ft and 10ft heights. A 3ft and 5ft tripod mount is great for giving you that little bit of extra height to maximize your signal. Usually you use a 10ft mast inserted into the tripod. The tripod mount is a great way to give you extra height to overcome obstructions from trees.
TV Antenna Tower
Do you need extra height to maximize your antenna signal. We install TV antenna towers. You can go as low as 20ft up to 60 or 70ft. There are two types of tower. Free standing towers which are usually 50-70ft high and tubular towers. Tube towers need to be braced at the roof of the house and you generally should not go higher than about 1.5 sections above where the antenna is braced at the roof. The antenna tower has a place for a 10ft mast so that you can install your TV antenna and other equipment on it. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9251617789268494}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '17209', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:E3AX5Z7B23GQSGUE6X6FD3B67SRH42TD', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:2c5a4047-3bc3-41a4-bcc0-baf170de58fe>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 3, 25, 4, 58, 17), 'WARC-IP-Address': '69.90.160.140', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:MKR5VFVUS2RVY75ZVICUS7OOZ6RGGS4Y', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:ce633545-3680-4fff-bc15-cc514edc148c>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://daxtek.com/hdtv-antennas/antenna-mounts/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:f010492d-811d-494c-b80e-58dd4d32c863>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '383', 'url': 'http://daxtek.com/hdtv-antennas/antenna-mounts/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-229-201-209.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-13\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for March 2018\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.059315025806427', 'original_id': '17e654b6bc902e8be6b80ddbaa232f7c291b8c3111bff4534d596e1717ef7500'} |
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1619699925828:212644998:(=・ω・=)
TIME20:38ONLINE3127
TIME20:38ONLINE3067
TIME20:39ONLINE3102
1619699959601:212644998:(=・ω・=)
TIME20:39ONLINE3127
TIME20:39ONLINE3137
1619700000349:1693426:こんばんは～
TIME20:40ONLINE3137
TIME20:40ONLINE3186
TIME20:41ONLINE3186
1619700091025:1911150:(〜￣△￣)〜
TIME20:41ONLINE3245
TIME20:42ONLINE3245
TIME20:42ONLINE3242
TIME20:43ONLINE3242
TIME20:43ONLINE3258
1619700245671:1557684:私も飲めないww
1619700249504:1693426:ニャー
1619700249503:93848:娜可可爱(°∀°)ﾉ
TIME20:44ONLINE3258
TIME20:44ONLINE3259
TIME20:45ONLINE3259
TIME20:45ONLINE3270
TIME20:46ONLINE3270
TIME20:46ONLINE3282
1619700413556:1693426:ｗｗｗｗｗｗｗｗｗｗｗ
1619700423919:179162519:可爱可爱www
1619700441165:179162519:蛋蛋suki
TIME20:47ONLINE3282
1619700444962:179162519:(｡･ω･｡)ﾉ♡
TIME20:47ONLINE3300
TIME20:48ONLINE3300
TIME20:48ONLINE3316
1619700532177:7054831:晚上好
1619700532177:11613919:こんばんは
TIME20:49ONLINE3316
TIME20:49ONLINE3313
TIME20:50ONLINE3313
TIME20:50ONLINE3311
1619700678186:1557684:釣り配信スタート!
TIME20:51ONLINE3311
TIME20:51ONLINE3309
1619700727049:1557684:www
TIME20:52ONLINE3309
1619700769226:179162519:(⌒▽⌒)
TIME20:52ONLINE3311
1619700773374:179162519:可爱
1619700788553:1557684:そゆう意味もあるか...
TIME20:53ONLINE3311
TIME20:53ONLINE3310
TIME20:54ONLINE3310
TIME20:54ONLINE3311
TIME20:55ONLINE3311
TIME20:55ONLINE3315
TIME20:56ONLINE3315
1619700994716:93848:(｀·ω·´)
TIME20:56ONLINE3306
TIME20:57ONLINE3306
TIME20:57ONLINE3327
1619701079653:179162519:(⌒▽⌒)
1619701083020:93848:好耶
1619701091946:1557684:好きです!
TIME20:58ONLINE3327
1619701116978:3465752:(´；ω；`)
1619701116978:1557684:あ
1619701125600:1616572:(´；ω；`)
TIME20:58ONLINE3349
1619701150679:93848:啊Σ(￣□￣||)<
1619701150681:1557684:(´；ω；`)
TIME20:59ONLINE3349
TIME20:59ONLINE3366
TIME21:0ONLINE3366
1619701241632:3735585:要naco决定啊
TIME21:0ONLINE3401
1619701263872:1557684:どうしよう(´；ω；`)
TIME21:1ONLINE3401
1619701283105:3735585:老婆婆应该也有所察觉吧
TIME21:1ONLINE3461
1619701327465:701506044:(ﾟДﾟ≡ﾟдﾟ)!?
TIME21:2ONLINE3461
1619701350612:38924340:跑好快啊
1619701352569:1557684:ドリフト上手い!!!
1619701354439:5523159:www
1619701363151:3735585:一定是这样的吧，大家都是温柔的人啊
TIME21:2ONLINE3521
TIME21:3ONLINE3521
TIME21:3ONLINE3578
1619701462837:179162519:可爱www
TIME21:4ONLINE3578
1619701467444:179162519:≧∇≦
1619701470520:21200848:(=・ω・=)
1619701479101:3735585:驾驶技术变熟练了（）
TIME21:4ONLINE3621
1619701521466:1557684:確かに
TIME21:5ONLINE3621
TIME21:5ONLINE3670
TIME21:6ONLINE3670
TIME21:6ONLINE3670
TIME21:7ONLINE3670
1619701670701:1557684:www
TIME21:7ONLINE3683
TIME21:8ONLINE3683
1619701729291:486019:晚上好
TIME21:8ONLINE3692
TIME21:9ONLINE3692
1619701773683:3735585:naco君（乐观主义） 小白（悲观主义）
TIME21:9ONLINE3689
1619701822722:3465752:残酷
TIME21:10ONLINE3689
TIME21:10ONLINE3687
TIME21:11ONLINE3687
TIME21:11ONLINE3686
1619701942725:1557684:(´；ω；`)
TIME21:12ONLINE3686
1619701947045:93848:(´·_·`)
TIME21:12ONLINE3663
1619701991208:3735585:还想继续这个善意的谎言吧
TIME21:13ONLINE3663
1619702006716:93848:(´；ω；`)
1619702014486:179162519:(´；ω；`)(´；ω；`)
1619702014486:1557684:おばちゃんも優しいな(´；ω；`)
TIME21:13ONLINE3653
TIME21:14ONLINE3653
1619702066550:22762634:(´；ω；`)(´；ω；`)
1619702070824:179162519:(´･_･`)
1619702070824:22762634:发生什么了？
1619702093390:8482415:冲
TIME21:14ONLINE3649
1619702109125:3465752:www
1619702115803:179162519:(⌒▽⌒)
TIME21:15ONLINE3649
1619702137280:119915172:晚上好
1619702150434:93848:(´；ω；`)
TIME21:15ONLINE3645
1619702171537:1986387881:晩上好～こんばんは～
1619702171537:1557684:悲しい(´；ω；`)
1619702172941:1616572:(´；ω；`)(´；ω；`)
TIME21:16ONLINE3645
1619702187918:119915172:何があった？
1619702209737:93848:摸摸
1619702212184:1557684:刚过了个很悲伤的剧情
TIME21:16ONLINE3633
1619702224121:749199:w
1619702228341:13279664:(｀・ω・´)
1619702238773:119915172:原来如此w被刀了啊
TIME21:17ONLINE3633
1619702272267:3735585:yamero。
TIME21:17ONLINE3624
1619702297895:3735585:那样的小镇不也挺好吗
TIME21:18ONLINE3624
1619702314015:424700:naco晚上好~
1619702335081:179162519:(=・ω・=)
TIME21:18ONLINE3606
TIME21:19ONLINE3606
TIME21:19ONLINE3586
TIME21:20ONLINE3586
1619702433945:383933074:好耶！！！
TIME21:20ONLINE3568
TIME21:21ONLINE3568
TIME21:21ONLINE3543
1619702523892:1557684:www
1619702530238:4303785:塞车
1619702530238:104349408:(=・ω・=)
1619702534581:93848:buuuuuuuuu
TIME21:22ONLINE3543
1619702553854:119915172:よしよしヾ(・ω・｀)
TIME21:22ONLINE3522
TIME21:23ONLINE3522
TIME21:23ONLINE3500
1619702648910:93848:猪突
TIME21:24ONLINE3500
TIME21:24ONLINE3481
1619702697260:1557684:やだ(´；ω；`)
1619702697261:33952231:（￣▽￣）
1619702700844:93848:Σ(￣□￣||)<
1619702700844:3735585:emmmmm
TIME21:25ONLINE3481
1619702753595:179162519:可爱可爱
TIME21:25ONLINE3463
TIME21:26ONLINE3463
1619702806837:93848:娜可自闭中）
TIME21:26ONLINE3436
1619702823126:1557684:確かに
1619702827790:3735585:一定是吧 所以才感谢naco君啊
1619702835077:701832366:晚上好
TIME21:27ONLINE3436
TIME21:27ONLINE3419
TIME21:28ONLINE3419
1619702908583:3735585:。。。。
1619702926601:3735585:npc也是鲜活的角色啊
TIME21:28ONLINE3395
1619702944387:1557684:www
TIME21:29ONLINE3395
1619702988877:3735585:(´;︵;`)要结束了啊
TIME21:29ONLINE3377
1619703004781:93848:(｀·ω·´)
TIME21:30ONLINE3377
1619703050206:119915172:構わないよ
1619703052591:3735585:深夜？
TIME21:30ONLINE3364
1619703061790:119915172:大丈夫です
1619703064791:3465752:ok
1619703068064:179162519:(´･_･`)
1619703075100:13977:晚安
TIME21:31ONLINE3364
1619703098792:533568:おつなこ
1619703098792:104349408:辛苦了
1619703101633:119915172:5.1皆は休日です
1619703104851:119915172:辛苦啦
1619703104851:3735585:晚安安，明天见
1619703105985:3465752:辛苦了
1619703105985:179162519:お疲れ様でした!ゆっくり休んで!!
1619703108662:4303785:辛苦了
1619703109731:119915172:よしよしヾ(・ω・｀)
1619703109731:179162519:(´；ω；`)
1619703112577:3465752:晚安安
1619703115039:179162519:晚安
1619703115039:801177:晚安安
TIME21:31ONLINE3351
1619703121385:93848:辛苦啦
1619703126082:104349408:晚安
1619703130764:93848:晚安
1619703133081:179162519:各位辛苦了，晚安
1619703147020:93848:大佬们辛苦了
TIME21:32ONLINE3351
1619703149022:119915172:明天晚上有可能深夜突击不然就是后天的中午
1619703162691:146766796:晚安
TIME21:32ONLINE3718
1619703186627:93848:了解
TIME21:33ONLINE3718
TIME21:33ONLINE3673
TIME21:34ONLINE3673
TIME21:34ONLINE3646
TIME21:35ONLINE3646
TIME21:35ONLINE3632
TIME21:36ONLINE3632
TIME21:36ONLINE3609
TIME21:37ONLINE3609
TIME21:37ONLINE2328
TIME21:38ONLINE2328
1619703566297:1616572:晚安
1619704186269:107647971:(●￣(ｴ)￣●)
1619705582683:17240308:0w0
1619708280372:20832060:.
1619708602242:20832060:.
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V2
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Which Resident Evil 4 character are you
Look I've only made this quiz because I'm bored. No other reason. I was playing Resident Evil 4 before I got on my computer. It was the first thing that came to mind.
Ever play Resident Evil 4? If you have you liked it, you may be offended. I was bored when creating it.Please be happy with what you get. If you aren't just take it again..
Created by: anthony
1. What is your age?
2. What is your gender?
1. You see a parasite infected human, what do you do?
2. You see an intruder in the castle what do you do?
3. Do you like weapons?
4. Your snuck up on. What happens.
5. Are you bored yet
6. don't worry I am two. That last question and this don't count.
7. Weapon of choice.
8. Last question(FINALY) What do you like to kill.
9. Man I hate more questions, I'll just make weird stuff.
10. A7X or Bullet for my Valentine
11. Last question helps out any answer, This one not so lucky
Remember to rate this quiz on the next page!
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In Review: Mama Weed
We don’t deserve our screen legends, and sometimes neither do their films. Isabelle Huppert is one of our greatest, spanning decades with indelible performances and never being less than compelling, even in the clunkers that pock her filmography. Stars as prolific and seemingly without a vacation as Huppert aren’t without such forgivable misfires, but rare are the ones who can either rise above, or sometimes even elevate, the weak films around them. Huppert sadly returns with another, the inconsistent and mostly bland thriller Mama Weed. Directed by Jean-Paul Salomé, the film tinges a crime story with bits of farce and tepid social observation for a character study of one woman’s natural inclination towards criminality.
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Trader NYSE New York Stock Exchange A trader on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange during the afternoon of January 4 in New York City. Andrew Burton/Getty Images
Financial markets have started 2016 in turmoil, with a particularly disastrous Friday seeing US stocks sharply down.
Fortunately for investors, there's a smart, time-tested way to keep investing even in the face of a crash, as long as you have a good long-term perspective.
There's a correct way to buy stocks if you're convinced the market will crash
The stock market is great for investors who have the benefit of long-term investing horizons. It's also better suited for investors who aren't concerned about perfectly timing market tops and bottoms.
Having said that, taking a longer-term view is good for investors who are worried they may be buying at the top of the market.
A classic strategy called dollar-cost averaging can help reduce risks surrounding an asset falling in price. The concept is straightforward — you invest a fixed amount of money in an asset once every fixed time period. If the asset's price drops, you will be getting more shares of the asset for the same amount of money, and so if and when the price recovers, you will have spent less per share, on average, than if you had bought the shares at their peak pre-fall price.
Dollar-cost averaging isn't about losing money as the stock market falls. It's about buying increasing numbers of shares at lower prices, which means bigger returns during the rally.
How dollar-cost averaging worked brilliantly during the most recent crash
To see this in action, we came up with a simplified thought experiment.
We considered what would have happened to an investor jumping into the stock market at the latest peak: October 2007. This was arguably the worst time to buy. Our hypothetical investor puts $50 into an S&P 500 index fund at the start of every month, starting in October 2007 — the most recent stock market peak before the beginning of the Great Recession.
Here is what happened to the S&P 500 starting at that peak:
spx Business Insider/Andy Kiersz, data from Yahoo Finance
The index dropped more or less steadily until the worst moments of the financial crisis in fall 2008, causing the full-on crash, and it began to turn around only in March 2009.
The key to our investor's experiment is that the investor is staying consistent. No matter how stock prices move, the person will always put $50 into the index fund on the first trading day of every month.
Based on changes in the value of the S&P 500 index, we calculated our investor's price return, less the $50 monthly cost:
value less cost Business Insider/Andy Kiersz, data from Yahoo Finance
The value of our investor's portfolio as of January 4, 2016, is $7,066.62. If the person instead had taken his or her $50 each month and held it as cash, the investor would have just $5,000. So, the price return on this investment — even though the person started at a peak, just before the market started to go downhill and even with the recent market volatility — is $2,066.62.
This is a respectable 41.3% return. That averages out to about a 4.3% annual rate of return.
To get another perspective on this, here is the percent gain or loss, compared with taking $50 each month and holding it as cash:
percent change Business Insider/Andy Kiersz, data from Yahoo Finance
Things start out looking pretty dire, as the economy fell into its deep recession through mid-2009, with the S&P 500 reaching a minimum in March of that year. At the lowest point for our investor, at the start of February 2009, the person would be down about 36%.
Because humans are often overly averse to risk, our hypothetical investor might have been tempted to abandon the investment plans during the bad months. That is, the person might look at this chart and panic about the drop:
percent change down arrow Business Insider/Andy Kiersz, data from Yahoo Finance
But if our investor sticks with the plan and keeps putting $50 in every month, even through the dark times, once the market bounces back, the person ends up doing quite well:
percent change up arrow Business Insider/Andy Kiersz, data from Yahoo Finance
Here's why you never hear about this
Unfortunately, dollar-cost averaging isn't sexy. It's much sexier to sell at the top and buy at the bottom.
Obviously, your returns would be much higher if you win the stock market lottery by perfectly timing the tops and bottoms of the market. But nearly all the people who try to do this will find themselves losing money and lots of it.
If you are investing for the long haul and can hang on through watching your portfolio's value drop temporarily in bad times, starting to invest in stocks, even near a peak, may not be as terrifying as it looks. The market has always bounced back sooner or later; so if you can hold on until that later, don't panic. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9641239643096924}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '106011', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:VGZUYAGAZXQEGFF56PMXT3XMYYZCNHJ3', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:674cfa94-305e-4ecc-9da8-9d6bb7fbe430>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2016, 7, 30, 6, 48, 25), 'WARC-IP-Address': '151.101.20.64', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:XBFJYJBPGPX5SGNOGSIMCDRSL7EHGYIR', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:6de8d753-ea2e-4150-bae6-f8c3bb7f53ee>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.businessinsider.com/dollar-cost-averaging-january-2016', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:e6b68e56-ce6c-45b5-9ec9-aa17dff69152>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '837', 'url': 'http://www.businessinsider.com/dollar-cost-averaging-january-2016', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-185-27-174.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2016-30\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for July 2016\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.07686644792556763', 'original_id': 'ff73301d27d7c4567e275ebc9b607c1cf3814ca239825b29315a5597c57f9266'} |
Robin Shellow Attorney | Milwaukee Drug Prosecutions Attorney | Wisconsin Criminal Defense Lawyer | The Shellow Group
Contact the Milwaukee defense of drug prosecutions attorney at The Shellow Group. Call 414.263.4488 today to schedule your consultation.
Milwaukee, Drug Prosecutions Attorney, Possession, Narcotics, Criminal Defense Lawyer, Milwaukee Attorney, Milwaukee Lawyer, Wisconsin, Lawyer, Racine, Robin Shellow
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Defense of Drug Prosecutions
Shellows and Science
Crime Lab Screw-Ups
Milwaukee criminal lawyer James Shellow invented the “chemistry defense:” the “species defense” to marijuana prosecutions; the “isomer defense” to cocaine and heroin charges. For fifty years he believed and taught that a chemistry defense was a last resort. It should only be attempted when the search was constitutional, the defendant was not entrapped, no traditional defense was available; and the defendant could not plead guilty. Sometimes it was successful and a jury acquitted. More frequently, prosecutors were unwilling to learn the chemistry they had avoided in college and agreed to reasonable plea bargains. Occasionally, but rarely, prosecutions were dismissed, or pretrial diversions implemented. His daughter, Robin Shellow has now taken the defense to the next step in her successful defense of “homicide by drugged driving cases when she discovered that the Wisconsin Laboratory of Hygiene simply doubled the amount of Delta-9 tetrahyrdocannibinaol so the THC was still “detectible.“
Project Synergy
Beginning in December of 2012, the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) began focusing on new groups and organizations that profit from the sale of synthetic drugs. Project Synergy allows a coordinated partnership of U.S. and foreign operations to treat synthetic marijuana known as Spice, K2, Blaze and Red X Dawn as illegal despite not having explicit prohibition under the Controlled Substance ACT (CSA). If you have been charged with possession, our synthetic drug crime attorney will come to your side and provide expertise in your legal defense.
The chemistry defense can be tried on cross-examination without a defense expert but then it usually fails. A competent defense expert witness improves the odds of acquittal.
The defense was described as follows:
By insisting that forensic chemists conduct accurate and comprehensive analyses, Messrs. Shapiro and Shellow have wrought a revolution in forensic chemistry. The federal government and the states have had to free people on the basis of evidence that just a few years ago would have been sufficient grounds for conviction. Drug enforcement laboratories have had to purchase new equipment. Forensic chemists have had to go back to school to study chemistry. Defense lawyers have had to learn what the “chemical defense” is and how to use it. In short, every courthouse in America, advertently or inadvertently, has been affected by the “chemical defense.”
Judge Wisdom wrote for the United States Court of Appeals:
The day before trial, the prosecution learned that James Shellow, well known as an expert in defending cocaine charges, would join Bockius’s two attorneys who had already filed notices of appearance. Shellow had originated a sophisticated scientific defense grounded in the chemistry of cocaine. In the trial he conducted what may properly be described as an extraordinarily able examination of the witnesses, based on his knowledge of the chemistry of cocaine.
Ten years ago attorney James Shellow concluded that computers small enough to be taken into courtrooms were now powerful enough to challenge the conclusions of prosecution analysts. He now calls a computer expert as a defense witness. The expert testifies that the very data upon which the prosecution relies creates a reasonable doubt. The probability of a not guilty verdict has substantially increased and he no longer limits the use of the chemistry defenses to cases in which no other defense is available.
Technology and Chemical Analysis in Drug Crimes Defense
Counsel faced with defending a substantive drug prosecution is confronted with a two-witness paradigm: the agent and the chemist. It is virtually impossible to shake the testimony of an experienced agent. The methods used by prosecution analysts for drug identifications have evolved. Early methods were easily applied but proved to be invalid. Current methods are more technically sophisticated and may be valid in skilled hands. Even so, they are often improperly applied. However, the unjustified absolute confidence technicians express regarding the correctness of their conclusions remains unchanged.
The current favorite method among forensic analysts is mass spectrometry. The analyst compares the spectrum of the suspected drug with a standard or reference spectrum of the drug. If the spectra are sufficiently similar, the analyst testifies that in his opinion the suspected drug is the same compound as the reference sample.
Modern mass spectrometers contain computers. These computers incorporate spectral libraries containing spectra of hundreds of thousands of compounds. At a keystroke or mouse click, the spectrum of an unknown substance can be compared to each library spectrum. The operator is then presented with an ordered list of compounds whose spectra most closely match that of the unknown. Such lists generally include estimates of degree of match and the probability that the spectrum of the suspected drug is identical to one in the reference library. Crime laboratory analysts rarely use these computerized matches even though the search takes only a few seconds.
Our Milwaukee Federal Narcotics Attorney will investigate your case thoroughly
Technology now permits defense counsel to convert the spectra it receives in discovery to digital form. Using a laptop computer loaded with spectral libraries the defense is now able to compute the match probabilities which the prosecutions technician declined to evaluate. Frequently, these probabilities will create a reasonable doubt.
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Each of us has up to sixty-four great-great-great-great-grandparents, but only my children have the sixty-four here. Rather than tracing back a long list of names, this site looks at the lives of one generation and offers a glimpse into British 19th century life. It delights me to think that, in the years leading up to the end of the Georgian Age in 1830, all of them were alive, spread out across this island from Edinburgh to Devon, and yet most of them did not know each other.
None of them is famous, but most are skilled tradesmen or at least literate, so they have all left records behind. Differing attitudes to illegitimacy; desperate attempts to be accepted into the middle classes; crime; national events; all form regular parts of their stories. Together they form a fascinating picture.
Genealogy has two attractions for me: the social history and the detective work. If some people just want to stick together larger and larger trees, even when all logic tells them that they cannot be true, let them; but they are missing the point and the enjoyment. Perhaps it shouldn't make us any more interested in the past simply because a distant relative is involved, but it does. And if the journey there involves putting together several separate pieces of evidence, so much the better: finding Richard Gibb's parents was an example of that.
Have I been fortunate in being able to find out so much? Probably; although the number of unpromising starts that eventually led to interesting places suggests that others could have similar success. That George Knott's biography is the longest and most detailed is partly down to his living in London; but more so because it was the first to be written and had the most time spent on it.
Richard Knott
This site crashed fairly recently. All the main pages have been re-written on a new host, but the secondary pages will take some time to restore.
If you want to contact me please use rjk AT canford DOT com | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '1', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9573254585266112}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '337238', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:AWFHDL6QSSEHKA4SUOQPKWNAAMT4HUYA', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:af7d7dba-1b9f-4c66-8935-b70cc55665f6>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 5, 11, 7, 33, 19), 'WARC-IP-Address': '185.230.60.102', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:7VAFZE3FMJKNNA36BIS56X7OLEQQXBL6', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:1ce16364-af9c-43a6-9ee8-5751618c7955>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.64regencyancestors.com/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:2b5de3b5-5574-439a-86c6-afdbcccd4d16>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '341', 'url': 'https://www.64regencyancestors.com/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-21\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-16.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.04573708772659302', 'original_id': '9784105e1bfface2ba310ad415bb11964cdaef7d8bbaaad29dff0863fa12c573'} |
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Harvesting and storage – how to preserve your produce this winter…
After a glorious summer and with more and more of us turning to growing our own, it’s at this time of year that we need to harvest our nurtured delights. However, preserving this sudden glut of fresh food can be a bit overwhelming, so we have put some ideas together of the various ways in which you can preserve your precious harvest throughout winter:
Jams, chutneys, jellies and curds – the best way to sterilize your jars is by placing them in the oven on grease proof paper for 10 minutes at 140c. There are all types of different combinations to preserve green tomatoes. They make a delicious chutney which can be served with goats cheese – delicious. Experiment with flavours; redcurrant jelly is great with chilli. If you have plenty of apples – make apple sauce and freeze it, or peel, core and slice apples, cover with lemon juice and freeze on a baking tray. Once frozen, put them into a freezer bag, this is great for making apple puddings throughout winter.
Drying – you could also try drying your apples. Peel, core and slice the apples into thin strips and then string them onto cotton and suspend them in a warm place until they go hard. Once they have dried, put them into your sterilised jars. You can do this with chillies, herbs and other vegetables too, if in doubt give it a go anyway!
Pickling – this is a great way to store beetroot, onions, cabbage, but make sure you use a good quality vinegar to preserve them otherwise you might find that they are too acidic.
Soups – another great storage idea for using up a glut of vegetables is by turning them into soups and then freezing them. By whizzing up tomatoes in a blender and then placing them in freezer bags, you will then have a great fresh sauce ready for making any tomato based recipes, such as bolognaise or pizza sauce.
Freezing – you can freeze most vegetables and fruit by blanching and then freezing, however this depends on how busy you are. Freezing blackberries without blanching them works really well, added to a nice apple crumble or a fruit smoothie, and will be a great source of vitamin C throughout winter.
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Congress Arrested On Manslaughter Charges
Politics
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Just Like Everything Else!: Fox
8 p.m. EDT/7 p.m. ABC
Pete's wife is still on him about building that darn shed, these kids are going to be the death of Sheila and Dave, and the hot next-door neighbor is up in EVERYBODY'S business! Sunday nights on ABC couldn't be any more familiar!
Special Coverage
TUCSON, AZ—Saying they couldn’t believe such a wild exploit had even been attempted, employees at local marketing firm Synergy Media Services told reporters they were still completely dumbfounded Thursday after account manager Tim Gibbons managed to pull off a daring one-hour lunch break.
PIERRE, SD—Saying he couldn’t wait to spend the entire night struggling to maintain a comfortable position, houseguest Adam Weaver reportedly told his friend and host, Luke Irving, Thursday that he was happy to have been given an air mattress that would slowly deflate throughout the night.
Congress Arrested On Manslaughter Charges
Negligent Group Believed Responsible For Millions Of American Deaths
WASHINGTON—In a stunning development that has left every federal institution reeling, the U.S. government’s legislative branch was arrested this afternoon on 23.3 million separate charges of manslaughter, sources confirmed.
Citing numerous lethal actions over nearly two and a half centuries—including negligent health care policies, failure to fund reconstruction on dangerously dilapidated roads and bridges, and repeatedly putting American soldiers in harm’s way in every armed conflict dating back to the War of 1812—authorities handcuffed all 535 members of Congress today and escorted them from the Capitol building amidst a throng of onlookers.
If convicted, prosecutors said, Congress would be officially deemed the most prolific killers in the nation’s history.
“Following a prolonged investigation, we have strong reason to believe the United States Congress is responsible for the deaths of millions of Americans at various times and in various locations since the late 18th century,” Washington, D.C. police lieutenant Art Thompson said at an ad-hoc press conference on the Capitol steps. “While we do not believe these deaths were caused voluntarily by the nation’s legislative branch, we nevertheless intend to prosecute them to the furthest extent of the law.”
“We have set a bail of $2 trillion,” Thompson added.
According to sources, SWAT teams broke down the Capitol building doors at precisely 10:12 this morning after law enforcement agents received a warrant implicating the Congress in multiple American deaths, including those of Maria Davidson of Forth Worth, TX, who died in 1981 from complications during pregnancy after Congress failed to provide birth control under Medicaid; Jeff Wnuk of Salem, OR, who died in 1968 following injuries sustained during the congressionally authorized war in Vietnam; and millions of others.
Officers said the nation’s 100 senators and 435 representatives were cooperative but had publicly denied the charges.
“I would like to speak for my fellow lawmakers in saying that these charges are unfounded,” House Speaker John Boehner (R-OH) told reporters as officers led him to an awaiting police cruiser. “Beyond that, on advice of its attorney, Congress has no further comment at this time."
Despite the protestations of both Congress and its legal defense team, prosecutors said the manslaughter case against the legislative body is strong, and may result in significant jail time and fines should the bicameral institution be found guilty.
“From providing substandard health care to American citizens; to poor regulation of potentially lethal products such as cigarettes, assault weapons, and various pharmaceuticals; to embroiling the nation in numerous foreign wars, the case against Congress is really about as airtight as it gets,” prosecutor Derrick Allman explained while presenting a phone-book-sized warrant. “While Congress may be fairly well-connected, I’d say it would take a miracle for a jury of the legislative branch’s peers not to find them guilty as charged."
Local police authorities have been closely monitoring the lawmaking institution’s activities for decades, a source close to the investigation revealed. Officers were first tipped off by the Senate’s failure to pass a law restricting lead paint prior to 1971, a criminal act of negligence that led to untold deaths.
“Once we began pulling the string, we saw that Congress had been wreaking havoc on the American people for centuries,” Lt. Thompson told reporters. “The sheer number of elderly patients who were denied cutting-edge cancer treatment and died as a result was enormous. Add to that recent immigrants who lack any sort of comprehensive health coverage, people who fall between the cracks of the current system, and those who depend on emergency rooms for their primary care, and the number of deaths caused by Congress through the nation’s health care system alone is truly staggering.”
Legal experts said the trial could last for months, as each piece of evidence is presented one by one, from the bill authorizing the Iraq War in 2003 to the medical reports of children exposed to heavy metals at contaminated Superfund sites.
However, while Congress collectively faces more than 800 million years in federal prison, the group’s legal team stressed that it plans to contest most, if not all, of the charges.
“Congress is a pillar of our national community and should not be held ultimately responsible for these deaths,” defense attorney Karen Krevat told reporters. “It is our intent to show that Congress acted prudently and in good conscience, and that these deaths were purely accidental."
“Mark my words, Congress will have justice,” Krevat added.
Although most of the alleged killers will face an identical set of charges, the warrant separately charges House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi (D-CA) with five counts of rape. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'd6f05e1ee12357d5ab0b590eb95d9f467b4c33c14cd9e2eeb630a45b8a850e52'} |
Zombie Cafe is a game of zombies and brains. You had a nice little delicatessen, but that was before The Change. Overnight, your best customers became zombies, and a zombie's favorite food is brains. Fortunately your meat supplier also turned into a zombie, so getting your standing orders changed from pastrami and corned beef to brains and more brains wasn't difficult.
Zombie Cafe is a game of selling. Players are dealt five Brains from a Brain deck, each brain has a numeric value assigned indicating quality. The first player to sell all of their brains wins! Sounds easy, right? Of course it isn't! During your turn you play modifiers from the Cafe deck on your brains to improve their quality and make them easier to sell, you play modifiers on other player's brains to decrease their quality and make them harder to sell, and general chaos ensues! It's not uncommon for one player to think they have it made and they'll go out on their next turn when suddenly a flurry of cards are played and they now have four more brains to deal with.
The game is fast to play, is good for 2-6 players (you could try eight players, but you'll exhaust the Brain deck pretty quickly), and a game usually lasts 20-30 minutes. One page of rules (double-sided), 52 Brain cards, and 50 Cafe cards. You will need two six-sided dice to play, preferably two per player.
PLEASE NOTE that the current edition of Zombie Cafe is not illustrated. If you are good at drawing zombies, drop us a note and maybe we can strike a deal.
Zombie Cafe retails for $16.95 plus shipping & handling via United States Post Office. Please contact us for shipping outside of North America.
Please note: as of April 2010, we are not offering direct online ordering, but we should have our PayPal button up again by the end of the month.
Return to the index page
Games History In Development Conventions Boards Mailing List Guest Book Links Contact Us Site Design and Updates | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9623053073883056}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '3446', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:IARIV7WLTGC3JBBYTCSZNXMXRNPNARYR', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:9516736a-10a7-4e36-9706-e5cb27ab7f8a>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2015, 3, 1, 0, 29, 45), 'WARC-IP-Address': '69.89.27.242', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:RCVCB6ZQCYK5FB5UIZCAYU32YOFFMQUB', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:d0168239-2058-47e6-bccb-4a0fd1e63d3f>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.sparebrainsgames.com/zombiecafe.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:a51dfd25-6ffa-48fc-b395-109d7f33ffd2>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '326', 'url': 'http://www.sparebrainsgames.com/zombiecafe.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2015-11\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for February 2015\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.02061331272125244', 'original_id': 'c24963d67f380498b46b7398a4d752db60bfccd3120a5a605bbe9b7f21a6fd2d'} |
OP-ED: “Where Would Haiti Be If the People Didn’t Work Together During the Haitian Revolution?”
By Samuel M. Pierre
Samuel M. Pierre is co-founder and chairman of the board to the Haitian American Caucus. He also served as campaign manager to Assemblywoman-elect Rodneyse Bichotte, the first Haitian-American woman elected to the New York State Assembly from New York City.
Once known as the “Pearl of the Antilles,” Saint-Domingue was the richest colony in the world. The French-owned sugar cane plantations were maintained by nearly a half million West African slaves. These bondsmen refined sugar cane into granulated sugar and rum that was sold worldwide. If it had not been for the leadership of Toussaint L’Ouverture, Haiti may have suffered the brutal act of plantation bondage for several hundred years more than it did. Thanks to L’Ouverture’s leadership and improvisation, the people of Haiti were able to defeat one of the eighteenth century’s finest militaries.
The financial success of the French colonial empire of the 18th century was built on the backs of African slaves. Over 2,000 plantations existed on Saint Domingue, now Haiti, and countless Africans were forced to labor under extreme conditions for their French masters. The law of the time sanctioned corporal punishment by slave owners, but often the reality on the ground was much worse. Though the law prohibited starvation, murder, and rape, the reality was that few of these laws were ever enforced. The gross reality was that buying a slave newly arrived from Africa was often cheaper than raising a slave in Saint Domingue. Two hundred years after the first slave ship arrived in the colony, a full 2/3 of slaves remained recent implants from West Africa. In essence, life was made expendable and human beings were dehumanized in a way arguably more appalling than slavery in the American context.
The life of African slaves in Saint Domingue, however, was not always one of passive servitude. Numerous slaves ran away to the forests of Haiti forming colonies of runaways known as “negres marrons.” It was from these groups of “negres marrons” that an army of liberation soon began to emerge. The leader of this army was the general and eventual Haitian Governor, Toussaint L’Ouverture. Realizing the difficulty of facing professional French troops, given their training, cohesion, and better supplies, L’Ouverture began instructing his troops in the “European style” of combat and drill. These newly-trained liberators would ultimately go on to route French armies in pitched battle and regularly frustrate French supply lines through hit-and-run tactics. L’Ouverture’s tactical genius was so impressive that his French adversaries ended up giving him the nickname “L’Ouverture”, which simply means “the guy who finds the opening.”
But leadership on its own is not enough to liberate a people:; it also takes the collaboration and willingness of a broader group. In this case, that group was the Haitian army of liberation and all those others who supported its work by supply and intelligence. One really must ask, “Where would Haiti be if the former slaves comprising Toussaint L’Ouverture’s army didn’t work together?”
The potential answer to this question is grave. As it implies, organization and communication were key components in orchestrating Haiti’s ultimate freedom. Without L’Ouverture’s guidance and effective cooperation among his people, the tyranny of the French would have been successful in erasing hope from the lives of these former slaves and subjecting them again to chattel slavery. Independence would have been a dream deferred and continued French rule would have destroyed the core of the people’s culture. Working together to change the course of defeat allowed the Haitian people to realize who they really were, what they could rise from, what they would not tolerate, and how to be accountable for bringing each other out of darkness into the light.
The Haitian revolution remains perhaps the most successful story of slave-led liberation within world history. It serves as a testament to the ability of a few brilliant and motivated individuals to galvanize a larger community towards systemic change. L’Ouverture’s leadership through this conflict cemented together a group of angry but otherwise untrained ex-slaves who could have made easy cannon fodder for the French professional troops. Instead, L’Ouverture’s army of liberation paved the way for a fully independent and black-led nation that was the first of its kind in the Western Hemisphere.
The revolution, however, was not just the story of one man, but also the story of an entire black nation driven to assert its human right to dignity and equality. This story of liberation was one achieved through purposeful cooperation and clarity of mission that all people deserve freedom. So I ask the question again, “ Where would Haiti be if the people didn’t work together during the Haitian Revolution?” rather what is our potential now, two hundred and twenty three years later, can we work together for a better Haitian community the same way the “negres marrons” did?
Haitian Times
Haitian Times
Haitian Times
Dec. 02, 2014
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KF Milano Kumanovë
KF Milano Kumanovë () is a football club based in Kumanovo, North Macedonia. They are currently competing in the OFS Kumanovo league.
History
The club was founded in 1990. They were promoted to the Macedonian First League in 2007 and were runners-up in the first two seasons. In 2010, the club finished ninth and lost a relegation play-off against Bregalnica Štip to relegate them to the Macedonian Second League, but due to financial problems Milano was relegated to the Macedonian Third League.
Season-by-season record
A season-by-season record of FK Milano Kumanovo league performances:
Honours
Macedonian Second League:
Winners (1): 2006–07
Macedonian First League:
Runners-up: 2007–08, 2008–09
Macedonian Football Cup:
Runners-up: 2007–08
Milano in Europe
Q = qualifier
Managers
Blagoja Kitanovski (2006)
Bylbyl Sokoli (2007)
Gjore Jovanovski (2007–08)
Bylbyl Sokoli (2008–10)
References
External links
Club info at MacedonianFootball
Football Federation of Macedonia
Category:Football clubs in North Macedonia
Milano
Category:Association football clubs established in 1990
Category:1990 establishments in the Socialist Republic of Macedonia
Milano | mini_pile | {'original_id': '8debb47fbb0911cc341ca9b6b35d096757667a8a5615a0ae637fa09658df4017'} |
Is there a word to describe this situation?
ex. A coworker just said the word meander, but pronounced it similar to wander because he was thinking of both word and decided to go with one over the other.
This is a type of phonemic speech error known as blending.
An example from the Cognitive Science department of USCD is:
blend of slick and slippery becomes slickery
Speech Errors as Linguistic Evidence defines blending as:
A blend is a word formed from two other words (very rarely more than two) by dividing each of the two original words into two parts, and combining one part from each original word into the new word called the blend.
The book goes on to note that indecision about synonyms is a frequent factor, as well as other similarities between words.
In the example provided, meander and wander have an identical phonetic component, and are synonymous.
If the words have similar sounds, then this would be an example of a:
The mistaken use of a word in place of a similar-sounding one, often with an amusing effect (e.g. ‘dance a flamingo’ instead of flamenco).
This was the 'original' meaning of portmanteau word, as coined by Lewis Carroll, but I fear it has been forcibly twisted by those with no love for language to mean just `combination words'.
I suppose you can say they "mixed" or "jumbled" the words up, but there is no specific single word for such a situation. At least, if there is, I'm definitely not aware of it.
I'd try :
discombobulate VERB North American humorous Disconcert or confuse (someone)
‘he is looking a little pained and discombobulated’
also defined
discombobulate [dis-kuh m-bob-yuh-leyt]
The speaker was completely discombobulated by the hecklers.
It's the right combination of slightly flustered without losing composure... just a normal human trip-up
Your Answer
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Raleigh teacher integrates technology with music - Greenville, NC | News | Weather | Sports - WNCT.com
What's Next
Raleigh teacher integrates technology with music
Posted: Updated:
A Raleigh teacher is making sure his talented students get the most out of the art and of music -- and he's doing it in a non-traditional way.
Brian Munoz' students are so inspired they nominated him for a national award.
In Munoz' class at Wakefield High School, the students are engulfed in music, and with the benefit of technology.
A special software called "SmartMusic" helps them master the music swiftly.
"It allows them to listen to the pitch, and then they call back on their instrument in the same pitch pattern," Munoz said.
"So it's an exercise meant to help their ear as well as their intonation."
Find previous stories in our 'What's Next' series
It's popular homework, he said, for his musically talented students.
"The more practice that I have with it, the better I get when I sight read," said student Jordan Glass, who plays the violin.
SmartMusic, Munoz said, is for the ear. And sight reading will train them to dissect the music.
The software, Munoz said, "is going to generate a piece of music they haven't seen before." The sight reading allows the students to improve at reading rhythms and notes, and trains them to compose their own melodies.
Impressed with his style of teaching, Munoz' students nominated him for the Great American Teach-off, which included producing five YouTube videos.
"The first one was, 'How do we use technology to innovate in the class?h" Munoz said.
In the Great American Teach-Off, he finished in the top 10 in the country in the contest.
"It was pretty awesome," he said. "It gets them involved and interested in the material, and realizing that it's something that takes effort and time to develop those skills. And it's worth the achievement afterwards when you've put in that commitment."
Melanie Sanders
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Greenville N.C. 27834
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Fax: 252.355.8568
Email: newsdesk@wnct.com
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/*
* Copyright 2017-2019 the original author or authors.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.springframework.cloud.dataflow.server.repository;
import java.util.Set;
import org.springframework.cloud.task.repository.TaskExecution;
import org.springframework.cloud.task.repository.dao.TaskExecutionDao;
/**
* Repository to access {@link TaskExecution}s. Mirrors the {@link TaskExecutionDao}
* but contains Spring Cloud Data Flow specific operations. This functionality might
* be migrated to Spring Cloud Task itself.
*
* @author Gunnar Hillert
* @author Glenn Renfro
*/
public interface DataflowTaskExecutionDao {
/**
* Deletes 1 or more task execution parameter records.
*
* @param taskExecutionIds Must contain at least 1 taskExecutionId
* @return The number of affected records
*/
int deleteTaskExecutionParamsByTaskExecutionIds(Set<Long> taskExecutionIds);
/**
* Deletes 1 or more task executions
*
* @param taskExecutionIds Must contain at least 1 taskExecutionId
* @return The number of affected records
*/
int deleteTaskExecutionsByTaskExecutionIds(Set<Long> taskExecutionIds);
/**
* Deletes 1 or more task batch relationship records that links batch executions
* to task executions.
*
* @param taskExecutionIds Must contain at least 1 taskExecutionId
* @return The number of affected records
*/
int deleteTaskTaskBatchRelationshipsByTaskExecutionIds(Set<Long> taskExecutionIds);
/**
* Finds all the child tasks for the taskExecution that is provided.
* @param taskExecutionIds The ids to the{@link TaskExecution}s to be searched
* @return a list of child {@link TaskExecution}s that correspond to the {@link TaskExecution}s passed.
*/
Set<Long> findChildTaskExecutionIds(Set<Long> taskExecutionIds);
}
| common_corpus | {'identifier': 'https://github.com/deadpassive/spring-cloud-dataflow/blob/master/spring-cloud-dataflow-server-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/cloud/dataflow/server/repository/DataflowTaskExecutionDao.java', 'collection': 'Github Open Source', 'open_type': 'Open Source', 'license': 'Apache-2.0', 'date': '2019.0', 'title': 'spring-cloud-dataflow', 'creator': 'deadpassive', 'language': 'Java', 'language_type': 'Code', 'word_count': '296', 'token_count': '602', '__index_level_0__': '34111', 'original_id': '1bee7285f5cf7517e3e0a0556a5a424392c2653f3ec687a81cf54035633b4669'} |
Mathematical model for a new mode of artificial ventilation: volume assisted pressure supported ventilation: a comparative study.
The patient submitted to artificial ventilation generally is connected to a high impedance flow source with controlled respiratory cycles to assure volume requirements or to a low impedance pressure source with spontaneous cycles to allow synchronization between his effort and system flow delivery. These two types of cycles represent the initial and final stages of artificial ventilation. The patient who needs a volume guarantee and at the same time presents unstable or insufficient inspiratory effort is difficult to manage with assisted cycles which are analogous to the controlled presence of a high impedance flow source. This paper presents a new approach where the respiratory cycles are obtained by the combination of flow and pressure sources using mathematical modeling. These cycles, named volume assisted pressure supported (VAPS) cycles, are compared with conventional assisted cycles showing a decrease in the patient work of breathing (WOB) during assisted ventilation. The theoretical results have been confirmed by clinical trials. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'c86eddbfe6599a615071334c47006aa3832467ec4cdafec033e884a51c02b4de'} |
All Gas and Gaiters, predominantly farcical in nature, was set in the close of the fictional St Ogg's Cathedral and concerned various intrigues and rivalries among the clergy. The "gaiters" in the title refers to part of the traditional dress of bishops and archdeacons. The bishop was easygoing; his friend the archdeacon was elderly, tippling, and still appreciative of attractive women; and the bishop's chaplain was naïve and accident-prone. Their wish to live a quiet bachelor life was continually threatened by the overbearing dean, who tried to bring by-the-book rule to the cathedral.
Radio episodes
Series One: 1971
"The Bishop Rides Again" (5 January 1971)
"The Bishop Writes a Sermon" (12 January 1971)
"The Bishop Meets a Bird" (19 January 1971)
"The Bishop Turns to Crime" (26 January 1971)
"The Bishop Sees a Ghost" (2 February 1971)
"Only Three Can Play" (9 February 1971)
"The Dean Goes Primitive" (16 February 1971)
"The Bishop Gets a Letter" (23 February 1971)
"The Bishop Gives a Party" (2 March 1971)
"The Bishop Goes to Town" (9 March 1971)
"Give a Dog a Bad Name" (16 March 1971)
"The Bishop Gives a Shove" (23 March 1971)
"The Bishop Pays a Visit" (30 March 1971)
Series Two: 1972
"The Bishop Learns the Facts" (24 July 1972)
"The Bishop Takes a Holiday" (31 July 1972)
"The Bishop Buys a Car" (7 August 1972)
"The Bishop Gets the Sack" (14 August 1972)
"The Bishop Has a Flutter" (21 August 1972)
"The Affair at Cookham Lock" (28 August 1972)
"The Bishop Loves His Neighbour" (4 September 1972)
"The Bishop Beats the System" (11 September 1972)
"The Bishop Entertains" (18 September 1972)
"The Bishop Gains a Reputation" (25 September 1972)
"The Bishop Buys a Mug" (2 October 1972)
"The Bishop Loses his Chaplain" (9 October 1972)
"When In Rome" (16 October 1972)
"The Bishop Is Hospitable" (23 October 1972)
"The Bishop Gives a Present" (30 October 1972)
"The Bishop Takes Up Business" (6 November 1972)
"The Bishop Keeps his Diary" (13 November 1972)
"The Bishop Warms Up" (20 November 1972)
"The Bishop Shows his Loyalty" (27 November 1972)
"The Bishop Has a Rest" (4 December 1972) | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'ba0af13858bc69919433ad58b6008515ade01d27ad22acff459bbc08f3120509'} |
The Subway Belongs to Us
Andy Battle
Photo by @sugarbombing
The tracks that hold New York together also trace out the political victory of its rulers. What would it look like to reclaim the subway?
One evening in November, I left my job at Hunter College and descended to the platform at Sixty-Eighth Street, home to the number 6 train, which shambles down one of New York’s most notoriously crowded and poor-performing subway lines. For a hundred years, the Lexington Avenue line, colored a sort of forest green on the Metropolitan Transit Authority’s familiar maps, has been the only subway serving Manhattan’s densely-packed east side. With the demolition of the Second and Third Avenue elevated lines in 1942 and 1955, it became the only train, period, serving that half of the island. The els were demolished with the expectation that the city would relieve the resulting congestion by constructing a Second Avenue Subway—a project first proposed in 1919, before anyone I know was alive. Work started on the Second Avenue Subway in 1972, in the waning days of New York’s unique brand of municipal social democracy. Three years later, the city’s legendary fiscal crisis erupted, and construction was halted as the city scrambled merely to keep the existing system from collapsing.
Thirty-two years and a political-economic revolution later, construction resumed on the half-dug tunnels, and in 2017, with meticulously choreographed fanfare, New York Governor Andrew Cuomo cut the ribbon on the Second Avenue Subway, ninety-nine years after the first plans were drafted. Like all public projects in these shriveled times, though, the Second Avenue Subway bore the marks of the austerity regime under which it was conceived. Comprising just three stations, the line serves a twenty-four block stretch of the Upper East Side, one of the city’s more comfortable sections. Its major effect so far has been to jump-start real estate development, the sine qua non of all New York City politics, pushing up rents and lining the pockets of the big developers who fund the governor’s political campaigns. I used to think things like subways were built because there was a social “need” for them. That was before I learned what capitalism is and how it works.
Underneath the engaged, omniscient, and tirelessly encouraging façade I present to the students I love and admire lies a significant wellspring of anxiety and anger. The City University of New York pays its so-called “adjunct” lecturers, who teach over half of all courses, salaries so low that there have been times where I could not afford basic necessities such as a subway pass, a commodity whose price has risen 33 percent since I moved to New York City in 2009. I am not alone. Outside the gates at every station, groups of supplicants stand attentively, seeking eye contact with exiting passengers. A fleeting connection secured, they gesture furtively with their hands and mouth the word “swipe?” hoping to win the generosity of a stranger and get wherever they need to go. Others jump the turnstiles when they feel no one is looking, often into the arms of police who lurk behind walls and around corners. Risk is a way of life for the poor in this most expensive of cities.
Photos by @sugarbombing
All of this weighs on my mind as I descend to the platform. Like other low-income New Yorkers, at the end of this journey I will trade one scene of exploitation for another, settling in for another meal of legumes in the crumbling Brooklyn apartment whose owners demand 60 percent of my income and resort to every subterfuge to sneak new rent increases past the state. In between is the nightly gauntlet that is the New York City subway. Every evening, one hopes against hope that the ride might resemble its ideal—a quick zip through the tunnels, stops at the expected stations, seats for all as we read, listen, and stare our way home, blissfully unaware of the complex, interwoven nest of effort that makes it all possible. Our intellects, however, having catalogued with cruel precision the subway’s deterioration over the past several years, tell us to prepare for something else.
The platform, sparse when I entered, begins to bulge with people as trains fail to arrive at their scheduled times. Collective anxiety mounts. Finally, a light from the tunnel bounces across the rusted girders. But the train fails to slow, and a bleat of the horn signals that this one, already late and too packed to let anyone on, is skipping Sixty-Eighth Street tonight. The system has landed its first blow. Before long, another train arrives, groaning into the station like a wounded animal. My shoulders relax a bit.
Fifteen minutes later, we have reached the City Hall stop. Transferring trains in New York generally threatens fresh catastrophe. The second I step from the train, I see my luck has run out. The deck is stuffed, buzzing with a malign energy, the sum of a thousand individual panics trapped and amplified on this decomposing hulk of subterranean concrete. The platform is a scene of disorder. No one faces the tracks, as they would if they expected a train to arrive. Older women and parents with children jockey for seats on the wooden benches, few in number and uncomfortable by design as part of the city’s longstanding commitment to punish and frustrate the homeless. The “countdown clocks,” electronic signs meant to tell you the wait time for your train, mock themselves with constantly shifting, crazy-quilt predictions before crashing at last into digital gibberish. A train is coming in seven minutes—no, four—no, nineteen—no, twenty-eight. Finally, the white flag goes up, and the signs retreat to the bare word “Delay.”
My fellow New Yorkers are losing it. “Don’t listen to nothing on those signs,” laughs an off-duty MTA worker. Her jovial detachment sends one rider over the edge. It has been clear for several minutes that he is the weak link in whatever tenuous social peace remains. Sweating profusely, pacing back and forth in jerky movements, he pleads with anyone who will listen that he has been in the system for two-and-a-half hours in a fruitless effort to traverse the city from the Bronx to Brooklyn. It is not hard to see that the attendant has committed a blunder a more seasoned bureaucrat would know to avoid: she has engaged. Whether she knows it or not, in addressing a passenger she has agreed to become, for this fleeting instant, the human face of the MTA, an organization whose actual rulers know better than to use the trains. The ensuing exchange devolves into near-violence. “GET FUCKED YOU RAT BITCH!!” is the last thing I hear as I trade bedlam for the rainy streets above.
“Risk is a way of life for the poor in this most expensive of cities.”
Behind the statistics that describe the lives of the urban poor is something less quantifiable. The toll of the gradual abdication of society by the rich over the last forty years is exacted not only in dollars and cents, but in stress, anger, hopelessness, and frustration—what we could call the affective fruits of disinvestment. These issue not only in day-to-day rancor but in shortened lives. Some Americans, especially people of color, have always known this, but as the upward redistribution of wealth proceeds apace, the sense that one’s life is enmeshed in a crisis begins to generalize. In a densely packed city like New York, the subway becomes a site where we can feel such a crisis swelling in especially acute fashion.
The reason the subways perform so poorly in New York can be summed up simply—no one in charge cares to spend enough money to make them run properly, and in the absence of any social movement that could force them to do this, they don’t have to. The problem is exacerbated by the garish corruption that the New York Times has been using to chase Pulitzers for the last couple years. There is no objective reason, for instance, why the cost of the Second Avenue Subway should outstrip that of similar projects in similarly situated cities by a surreal factor of seven. The MTA has been exposed as a foul warren infested with overpaid managers, armies of “consultants,” scads of low- or no-show jobs, uncompetitive bidding, and a revolving door between government and business. Like so many other institutions in American life, the agency, in addition to running (or not running) the subways, operates as a vast, private welfare state, managed in relative secrecy, sucking on a giant funnel of money fed by New York’s high and highly-regressive taxes.
Photo by @sugarbombing
At the same time, to focus on corruption misses something important about the forces that have brought us to this point. There is another reading of the history of the subway, one that presents it as a struggle over commodification and its consequences. In this story, the subway’s deterioration is part of a failure to resolve the contradiction between urban space as a vehicle for the satisfaction of human need and urban space as an instrument for the extraction of profit. By this light, the struggles over the subway reflect tensions at the heart of the capitalist state.
The subways were not built for people like you and me. They were built for people like J. P. Morgan, Cornelius Vanderbilt II, and Elbert Gary of US Steel, who financed the first railway tunnels under the Hudson and erected what was then the largest office compound in the world atop its terminal in lower Manhattan. They were built for people like Abram Hewitt, the iron baron turned New York mayor who dreamt the political architecture—public financing, private profit—that got the system built but did not live to see it open in 1904. They were built for people like August Belmont Jr., heir to his father’s Rothschild-backed banking fortune, who as president of the Interborough Rapid Transit Company obtained a monopoly on public transit in Manhattan and refused to build new lines unless the city agreed to pay for them and guarantee his profits. And they were built for people like Charles T. Barney, the land speculator who became a director of the IRT in time to glean inside information on its proposed route. As a result, he was able to organize a syndicate that guzzled up still-cheap land in northern Manhattan and the Bronx, which he and his fellow developers transformed from a farming province into the sixth-largest city in America in the course of just five years. When the twentieth century began, Manhattan’s Lower East Side was the most crowded place on Earth. The subway changed all that, tripling the size of New York’s built environment and rearranging the geography of work, residence, and leisure. Our forebears among the working people of New York were less the architects of these changes than their raw material. They remained proletarians, their lives marked by a profound lack of autonomy, significant to capital only insofar as they could be mobilized as grist for the mill of profit.
The key to understanding the historical trajectory of the New York City subway is to grasp that, throughout its history, all attempts to dedicate the system to use-value—in other words, to make it a vehicle for the satisfaction of human needs instead of a machine for the extraction of profit—have met with hostility and abandonment by the rich. Private capital mostly forsook the subways after World War I, when opportunities for profit became difficult to locate. The threats were economic and, importantly, political. Mayor John Hylan, a Democrat and one-time motorman still bitter at his dismissal by the Brooklyn Union Elevated Railroad, had lurched left to fight off a socialist challenger and found that belligerence toward the hated transit companies was a reliable vote-getter. During his mayoralty, Hylan defended the five-cent fare as inviolable, pilloried the companies at every opportunity, and authorized the construction of a city-owned subway “planned, built, and operated to meet the transportation needs of the people … and not solely for the financial advantage of the operating companies or their officials.” Hylan’s Independent Subway System (IND) was an assault on the private companies, who sought desperately to raise the fare. The city, instead of guaranteeing their profits, now moved to jeopardize them. And because the IND competed with existing lines instead of opening up new frontiers for development, it drew an icy dismissal from real estate developers, who instead turned their attention to highways, the newest instrument of American capitalism’s growth-at-all-costs ethos. But the IND was the future of mass transit in New York. When the private companies failed during the Depression, the city became the owner of all three systems and the five-cent fare was enshrined as a sacred principle of what Hylan had called “the people’s subway.”
When the subway was a source of profit, private interests supported it. When it became a public good, it became their target. Paul Windels was a lawyer who cut his teeth throwing Communists out of City College for the Rapp-Coudert Committee, New York’s own “little HUAC.” In 1940, he formed the Committee of Fifteen, an anti-tax pressure group composed of bankers, industrialists, and realtors. The Committee sought to reduce property taxes by busting the five-cent fare and putting the subways in the hands of a quasi-private “authority” shielded from public accountability. The fare hike was a naked class issue—“the modern equivalent of the bread assize,” as one historian puts it. On April 20, 1948, Mayor William O’Dwyer sided with the elites and doubled the five-cent fare. By 1953, the system was in the hands of the New York City Transit Authority, run on a profit-seeking basis by a board of hand-picked appointees. As if to drive home the point, the Transit Authority was launched with another fare hike. The project to re-commodify the subways, to push the cost of their operation back onto the working class, had begun. The five-cent fare joined price controls, rent regulation, trade union power, and universal health care as features of a nebulous American social democracy choked at birth by the grasping hand of postwar reaction. In short, the subway had been saved from democracy.
In this telling, the 1920s and 1930s are the golden age of the New York City subway. They represent the moment when political control over a key social good was exercised on behalf of ordinary New Yorkers in a way not seen before or since. At the same time and for the same reason, it was the moment when the subway became a burden to the rich instead of an asset. It can be tempting to look to the city’s spectacular fiscal crisis of the mid-1970s as the dawn of the subway’s problems. But just as the fiscal crisis was the culmination of decisions made decades earlier, the decline of the subway was determined in key ways by the political triumph of the rich in the immediate postwar period, and in particular by the subway’s effective privatization in 1953. The trains did not turn overnight into the broken-down, graffiti-scarred warhorses that serve as emblems of the storied 1970s, when the city’s abandonment by capital created a vacuum into which artists and other devotees of use-value could temporarily swell. That the subways began to run on a shoestring as early as the 1940s is evidenced by Robert Caro’s descriptions of the crumbling “cattle cars” of the 1950s and 1960s in The Power Broker, his monumental work of New York history. Since that time, the history of the subway has been part of what we might call the long fiscal crisis—a series of stopgap efforts to prevent the system’s collapse while foisting as much of the cost as possible onto the backs of a working class whose travails, filtered differentially by race and gender, formed the basis of what observers by the mid-1960s had designated, with a resigned shorthand, as “the urban crisis.” The subsequent history of the trains, a sorry burlesque of slashed budgets, escalating fares, looted funds, and sordid self-dealing, can be read as part of this running battle to shield the rich from financial and political accountability, to preserve their ability to seize the proceeds of the economic project we call New York while shifting its costs onto the rest of us. The climax of this struggle was the fiscal crisis of the 1970s, when the wealthy effectively suspended whatever democratic government had existed in New York City, stripping elected officials of substantive control over spending decisions and resetting the municipal common sense to prioritize private accumulation at all costs. What the history of the subway since then shows us is that the crisis was not so much solved as its burdens rearranged in a thousand cruel ways.
There come times when we can no longer bear these burdens. I’m on the 6 train in December as the semester limps to a close. A homeless man teeters between the cars, fumbling unsuccessfully with a cigarette lighter as the train rocks him within an inch of death. The car is a Rubik’s cube of matter—faces, asses, armpits, backpacks, shopping bags, pushcarts—that manages to arrange itself anew at each stop. The train shrieks to a halt in the middle of the tunnel as a man and a woman beside me quarrel over space. In this war of words, the man is no match for his antagonist. He tries a trump card. “I’m a BLACK MAN!” he shouts, hoping to cow his opponent, a black woman. The gambit fizzles. “You’re a piece of shit,” she replies coolly. He resorts weakly to “bitch.”
A man standing next to the woman wheels back and smacks him in the jaw. The melee that ensues is not like the fights you see in the movies—it is messy, flailing, erratic. The combatants bounce off the walls, each other, and us. The car starts moving again, adding volatility to the contest and turning the rest of us into the unwilling inhabitants of an overstuffed pinball machine hurtling through an underground tunnel at forty miles an hour. People are screaming. Someone’s soup goes flying. After what seems like an impossibly long time, the train pulls into a station and the loser has an opportunity to slink away. The rest of us, soaked and disheveled, recompose ourselves and soldier on.
Photo by @sugarbombing
Soldiering is a good description of what New Yorkers do to survive in a city that feels like it is reverting to a feudal past. But the flip side of soldiering is masochism—pleasure from powerlessness. Sometimes I think being able to take things like this in stride makes us tough, makes us New Yorkers. The politicians who have ruined the subway certainly encourage this view. But other times I know it makes us weak. All around me, friends try experiments, bucking as best they can the material and emotional consequences of our era’s blueprint for capital accumulation. Before I examined its history, I imagined I would find a period when the subway worked, when it was not entangled in crisis. Then I realized that our needs themselves, even the very basic ones, are the crisis as far as capitalism is concerned.
I get frustrated that the most common responses to the fiasco are individual and alienating—to complain on social media, to vote with one’s feet, to make do. Given that our means of making do are fractured along lines of race, class, and gender, such individualized responses only ratify and harden our collective political disability. At the same time, I don’t have a comprehensive strategy for wrenching the subway towards democratic control, away from commodification, and into the realm of the common good. From New York to Liverpool, from Detroit to Jackson, Mississippi, the history of capitalist urbanism is replete with examples of the struggle to reclaim an urban space for human needs after capital has exhausted its potential as a vehicle for accumulation and cast it off as worthless. In New York, these efforts are complicated by the rebirth of the city as a privileged site for capital accumulation since the 1970s—a transformation executed over our heads by and for the most antidemocratic forces on the planet. Like most features of contemporary life, this transformation has been accompanied by intense and growing inequality—a relentless privatization of livability and an attendant hatred for anything common, anything social. It is no wonder the subway, in some ways the epitome of a shared, democratic space, lionized by ordinary New Yorkers for that very reason, should be the target of such aggressive neglect.
What would a movement to reclaim the subway look like? While its precise shape is impossible to predict, the electoral system is likely to be a highly unreliable vehicle for achieving universal access and democratic control over public transport. From the standpoint of the welfare of ordinary people, New York’s political system is deeply broken. Even if the normal barriers to power were eroded, the lessons of the fiscal crisis, when the pretense of democratic self-government was discarded with breathtaking ease, should caution us against imagining the state as a neutral instrument easily wielded by the working class.
The alternative is direct action. As long as people keep paying their fares, the message is clear—we accept present conditions, however begrudgingly. Direct action is about disruption. It is about showing, not telling. Its goal is to puncture the normal. We should come to understand, though, that the governor’s normal, the financiers’ normal, the real estate developers’ normal, is our suffering, our abnormal. The goal of direct action should be to disrupt the normal abnormality of latter-day New York.
For direct action to be disruptive, it has to be massive and broad-based. That means people have to trust one another. This can feel especially difficult today, as contemporary capitalism fashions an ever more clenched, anxious, and insecure world whose politics express themselves in morbid visages filled with fear, anger, and resentment. At the same time, we are in the midst of a sequence of popular struggles rooted in direct action whose future is uncertain but whose causes have by no means dissipated. Participants in the Arab Spring, the Occupy movement, Black Lives Matter, teachers’ strikes, and a host of other battles know from hard-won experience that direct action is transformative and contagious, that it alters one’s sense of time and of what is possible in the life we share. In at least one case, namely the 2013 protests that shook the Brazilian state, the precipitating event was an increase in transit fares.
The first step is to overcome alienation, to talk to people. This includes your friends, fellow riders, and transit workers, whose roles give them insight into the system and a measure of power over it. Doing this requires a faith in the character and capacities of ordinary people—insisting that “every cook can govern.” Ordinary people are smart, creative, and capable, especially when offered a project that asks them to utilize what is most precious within them and that stands a reasonable chance of success. Evidence of this is all around us, if we know where to look. It is visible in any classroom at the City University of New York, for example, whose students, in the main members of the working class, immigrants, and people of color, routinely surmount enormous obstacles to reach deeply felt goals.
Direct-action movements have the potential to point beyond themselves by unmasking and rejecting the inhuman logic of capitalism, which denies us the requisites of a fulfilling life unless we can prove we are useful to those who have money. Part of that struggle for fulfillment involves the right to move as we see fit, to use the infrastructure that we have created. By reorienting the city away from accumulation, hoarding, and exclusion, we uncover its potential as a vehicle for the development of our capacity to support one another’s aspirations. Our struggle, in short, should be conducted in the service of a benevolent appropriation. It must be our guiding conviction that the subway, like the future, belongs to us. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '39', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9638254046440125}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '91397', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:BYF6LVFTLXIASLXJ53KAQPQTVIH4SHJZ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:e46e9970-1942-4d48-81c6-27fd9b885764>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 5, 25, 9, 29, 15), 'WARC-IP-Address': '23.185.0.4', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:QQRQSZHZQ7WFTSCU2KMTD3PDSDP4L673', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:6aa1f182-806d-40da-b2e9-08598e7d1acb>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://communemag.com/the-subway-belongs-to-us/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:c5e6ff91-b05c-4383-85c2-a08a800e903d>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '4027', 'url': 'https://communemag.com/the-subway-belongs-to-us/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-22\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-233-105-41.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.037261009216308594', 'original_id': '1e7534c5f3cbb88ccd3dce6e3d2615d470a271f609de9178970d8fcdec1527e1'} |
Partner Series
Startling Picture of Greenland Ice loss Emerges
In this image, the location of the successive calving fronts of the Jakobshavn Isbrae glacier between 1851 and 2009 are overlain on a Landsat image from July 29, 2009.
Credit: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Scientific Visualization Studio
This startling picture of Greenland's ice loss comes from a new study that refines measurements of such ice loss and is providing a "high-definition picture" of climate-caused changes on the frozen island.
The three largest glaciers Helheim, Kangerdlugssuaq and Jakobshavn Isbrae are responsible for as much as one-fifth of the ice flowing out from Greenland into the ocean.
"Jakobshavn alone drains somewhere between 15 and 20 percent of all the ice flowing outward from inland to the sea," said study member Ian Howat, an assistant professor of earth sciences at Ohio State University.
Ice melt estimates
As the second-largest holder of ice on the planet, and the site of hundreds of glaciers, Greenland is a natural laboratory for studying how climate change has affected these ice fields. Researchers focus on the "mass balance" of glaciers, the rate of new ice being formed as snow falls versus the flow of ice out into the sea.
Long-term view
The research hasn't only given an estimate of ice melt, it also shows that the methods the team used will provide scientists a more accurate idea of exactly how much ice is being lost.
Past estimates were more like snapshots of mass loss, Howat said. He and his team got their longer-term view by using data sets provided by at least seven orbiting satellites and airplanes, as well as other sources.
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Gonzo: Kermit are you busy?
Kermit: Well yes, but I can give you my ear for a minute.
Gonzo: What would I do with your ear?
Kermit: Van Gogh impressions.
Gonzo: I'm an artist. You hear me? An artist!
Kermit: Then you should have gotten my Van Gogh joke.
Ernie: Look how the fish move their mouths. They go "moom moom moom."
Bert: I have never seen Talbot go "moom moom moom"
Ernie: Well that one sure is.
Bert: That's not Talbot.
Ernie: Who is it?
Bert: That's.... I DON'T KNOW WHO THAT IS!
Cookie: Cookies not done yet! What taking do long? It like medieval cookie torture! | mini_pile | {'original_id': '0d7b23fa3527f2da228aa31b96e77f4691ebd40c2479783c98c8d1f6b3986e3a'} |
Bored Lad
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Get Rid Of Skin Problem Or Fibromas Without Spending A Bomb!
0 13
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Fibromas are tiny bulges of soft skin that emerged in different parts of the body. It is also known as pedunculated warts. According to medical research, these fibromas usually grows in parts of your body where friction due to skin rubbing happens like your neck area, armpits, legs, eyelids, fingers, etc. Experts speculated that these fibromas weaken your immune system, but no scientific studies proved this.
Nevertheless, fibromas or skin tags, are quite embarrassing and slightly uncomfortable. Many people who had fibromas tried to get rid of them by undergoing skin surgeries. Some tried to apply some ointments and other skin products. However, the solution is really not so expensive.
The answer is apple cider vinegar! Put some apple cider vinegar in a cotton ball and rub it on the affected area. This should be done twice or thrice a day every day until the fibroma darkens. By doing this, once the fibromas dry out, it will automatically be removed from your body. Do not do this if the fibromas are within the mouth or eye area. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9274238348007202}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '165762', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:QDMQHSVWJO7W25LZ3R7X574ML6FKJ6RY', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:fe4c09ee-3dfe-4929-8ef6-660c8b798147>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 5, 23, 19, 25, 17), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.24.121.216', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:PJKKILYBBPC4HKSE6QMPJFU5WOZOKBX7', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:171ce17d-f04c-4caf-851f-ab8191ff7fa9>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.boredlad.co.uk/2017/05/19/get-rid-of-skin-problem-or-fibromas-without-spending-a-bomb/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:add5bec3-c170-41bc-8d6b-b2ea305fc0bc>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '197', 'url': 'http://www.boredlad.co.uk/2017/05/19/get-rid-of-skin-problem-or-fibromas-without-spending-a-bomb/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-22\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-171-61-111.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.7202495336532593', 'original_id': 'd782ed94ec81d84aa6d6685611fbbc55e9bea76ff5b6b983654dd7c2f70ef965'} |
By George!
The union flag used to fly at England football matches but became a symbol of racism and thuggery. So what does the flag that replaced it stand for? And does it have a murky past? Jonathan Glancey investigates.
Every country has its cross to bear and England's is St George's. Never in the field of English history, or at least not since the Crusades or Agincourt, have so many red-cross flags been waved by so many for so many. Today's crusaders are not mythically chivalrous knights but, among other emanations of this patriotic breed, white-van drivers hurtling their unstoppable, gear-crunching mounts through city centres, horns blaring. Or teenage girls, beer bottles in hand, yelling the technically witless yet emotionally resonant cries of modern, football-mad England. You can easily imagine them charging down from East Anglia to Londinium with Boudicca to tackle the Romans 2,000 years ago. "We're gonna beat the Italians... yeah." Like the Iceni, these contemporary warriors paint their faces before going into action - and drink and shout a lot.
I talk to a white-van driver in London's Smithfield. Seven in the morning. Rap music pounding from the cab. Thumpa-whoompa. Two huge red-cross flags fluttering from his mechanical steed, a Ford. He sports a Nike baseball cap, Gap sweatshirt, trainers and jeans. He chews gum. "Call myself English?" He attempts a James Dean sneer. "Course I'm fuckin' English."
England has changed since 1966, when its football team trounced the old Hun and brought the World Cup home. Telly was black and white, steam expresses still ran from Waterloo, Leeds and Liverpool Lime Street. Old Labour sat in Westminster. Decimal currency was five years off. The class war, despite the Beatles and the future Sir Michael Jagger, Twiggy, satire and David Bailey, waged on. Footballers were working-class heroes with saggy shorts, terrible haircuts and, in the case of Nobby Stiles, no front teeth. Beer was warmly and frothily English, the baseball cap 100% all-American. And football fans waved the union flag.
That year - 1966 - the union flag was all the rage, the begetter of minidresses and underpants, paint jobs for Minis and jackets for shampooed pop stars. In the intervening years, the poor old Union flag has become increasingly associated with football hooliganism and rightwing extremists, the kernel of an ever-growing debate about what it means to be British - or, closer to the bone and blood, English, Scottish, Welsh or Irish. For immigrants coming into the country in the 1960s, what the union flag spelt was empire.
The revival of the avowedly English cross of St George might have something to do with devolution, the English taking a leaf from the book of patriotism as practised by an increasingly proud and defiant Celtic fringe. It might simply be a striking and memorable pattern or logo that, unlike the union flag, even an idiot can paint across their face. It does look good. Which hugely paid advertising agency or design consultancy could come up with a more powerful logo?
This red-cross flag of In-ger-land has, by happy accident, been saved from being tarred with a blunt nationalist brush this summer because, almost unimaginably, it has become an emblem that embraces football fans of every class, creed and colour. It flaps from the nation's Indian takeaways, from the fly-blown, fluorescent-lit offices of minicab firms staffed by the latest waves of what spiteful, Little England newspapers insist on calling "bogus asylum seekers", when what they mean is low-paid workers from even lower-paid countries willing to do our dirty work, and yet choosing to fly the flag of old England's whiter-than-white patron saint.
Such has been the demand for St George crosses that Aggy Akhtar, a businessman in London's East End, has sold £6m worth of them since going in to business two months ago. Even four years ago, at the last World Cup, the flag had yobbish baggage; now it has been embraced by everyone. A flag that, in recent decades, had been kept flying mostly over old parish churches in preened and polished villages, has become an unlikely partner in the creation of an In-ger-land where Pakistanis and Afghans, Ghanaians, Ukrainians and the descendants of the Iceni can live cheek by painted jowl. Perhaps.
A peek into any of the Lives of the Saints, however, shows that St George is not such an unlikely patron of multiculturalism after all. He is, in fact, a perfect saint for our times and for a national team managed by a quietly spoken Swede and made up of black and white players with names like Emile rather than Nobby. Not that the story starts out this way.
We know virtually nothing about the life of the real St George. Eusebius of Caesarea, writing in around AD322, tells of a soldier of noble birth who was put to death under Diocletian at Nicomedia on April 23 (St George's Day) AD303. Eusebius had no name for this gallant, much less a place of birth, nor even the site of his burial. The Crusaders believed this to be near what is now Tel Aviv. In the fifth-century Acts of St George, our hero was said not only to have defended Christians against Roman persecution, but to have visited Caerleon and Glastonbury while on active service in the imperial army. Before the Norman invasion, churches had been dedicated to St George. Adopted as the patron saint of soldiers, he was said to have appeared to the Crusader army at the Battle of Antioch in 1098. Richard the Lionheart put his armies under the protection of St George when campaigning in Palestine in 1191-92.
The red-cross flag made its debut in 1284, and in the 14th century English soldiers donned their legendary red cross battle dresses. When Richard II invaded Scotland in 1385, every man was ordered to wear "a sign of the arms of St George", both before and behind, with death promised to enemy soldiers who dared to "bear the same cross or token of St George".
St George had become the acknowledged patron saint of England, and in 1415, the year of Agincourt, Archbishop Chichele declared St George's Day a feast to be observed like Christmas Day. One of St George's arms was delivered to Canterbury cathedral where it became a huge pilgrim attraction. In 1940, during the blitz, King George VI instituted the George Cross for acts of heroism; on one side of the medal St George is depicted slaying the dragon - at the time, of course, Adolf Hitler.
Despite this English devotion to St George, he was feted elsewhere. And here, perhaps, lies his strength and even his relevance today. For George is venerated not just by the Church of England, but by the Orthodox and Coptic churches. He is the patron saint of Aragon, Bavaria, Catalonia, Georgia, Lithuania, Palestine, Portugal, Germany and Greece; and of Moscow, Istanbul, Genoa and Venice (second to St Mark). He is the patron saint of soldiers, cavalry and chivalry; of farmers and field workers, boy scouts and butchers; of horses, riders and saddlers; and of sufferers from leprosy, plague and syphilis. He is - remember Agincourt - the patron saint of archers.
Of course, George is a Christian saint, as Spenser reminds us in the Faerie Queene:
But on his breast a bloody Cross he bore
The dear remembrance of his dying Lord,
For whose sweet sake that glorious badge we wore
And dead (as living) ever he adored
His bloody cross and the bloodier crusades it signalled were rightly feared and justly despised by Muslims. Today, though, World Cup football might just have redeemed this ancient symbol. Although many of us were brought up to believe that the English had no need to shout their identity and that patriotism was the last refuge of a scoundrel, and many more of us, whatever we feel about England, or In-ger-land, have never waved a red-cross flag (nor even a union flag) in our lives, the fact that so many people from so many different backgrounds can wrap themselves in this antique emblem shows that there might - might - just be a little chivalry behind the effing, blinding, beery bravado after all. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '7', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9628133177757264}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '1004322', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:67HS54OSXU54BRUJRTYON7XO6UKKXKHT', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:bd099124-cfe8-4ff8-a7d5-2b61caa9c572>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 5, 24, 6, 14, 10), 'WARC-IP-Address': '151.101.249.111', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:7J5PAK2VOWMBCTWXA5BO6AUII435SP2Y', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:74eac7ad-33c9-43c4-859d-dd9dc2651fc5>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/jun/20/britishidentity.arts', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:31e1dd83-3ba1-490e-8b5b-b320933ab4c7>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1348', 'url': 'https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/jun/20/britishidentity.arts', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-22\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-146-226-231.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.020437896251678467', 'original_id': '70f211965bece88bc22e79878c56ba766b459f90929a343d93c425c2b8ec0a75'} |
Minute For Mission: Rewriting the Story
November 12, 2016
Recently, people with disabilities and their allies were invited to share their stories of living with disabilities in the United Church. Some stories were joyful; many were vulnerable, honest, and painful stories of exclusion. Some people reflected on how they could not physically access a church. Some noted that their disability was the only thing others noticed or asked them about. Some shared that they could not participate fully in their community of faith. Some explained how difficult it is to read the Bible passages that talk about healing from disabilities. Many noted attitudes of exclusion, and that people with disabilities are not always welcome. United Church staff and elected members are working to address the hard realities these stories express by offering new ideas about theologies of disabilities, sharing those widely in the United Church, and developing educational resources that will be soon be available to communities of faith. A group of people with disabilities, and their allies, has been following up on ideas through a United Church consultation on disabilities and developing new ones for the church. These are positive ways people with disabilities are changing the church, and they invite the whole church to be part of authoring a new, positive story. Our gifts for Mission & Service make it possible to be part of the new accessibility story that is being written. Please join me in making Mission & Service giving a regular part of your life of faith.
Loving God, we are called to be your colours in the world, to walk with each other, to share in love through our gifts for Mission & Service. Guide us to shine brightly in the world. Amen | mini_pile | {'original_id': '184937d73e24b405fa9347885dd46e54e83ad63a75bba3c6dcdfd02df7f98a82'} |
Social Housing and Sanitation
7. July, 2013Our Programs Comments Off on Social Housing and Sanitation
Habitat is a dream of all human beings. 60% population is living in inhuman condition in India. The huts without toilets bath rooms and sanitation leading to hygienic problems, especially among the children. They developed an inferiority complex keeping them away from the main stream of society. The rift was broadening day by day. SSM joined hands with the organisations like Habitat For Humanity, Sakal Relief Fund, Karl kuebel Stiftung, CEVA, Jan Kalyan Samitee, CAPART, etc for low cost homes. Laxmibai Hanmant Bodke
Objective behind this is Enhancing Stability of Socio-Economically deprived communities with Pucca habitat. While constructing the houses, care has been taken to make the beneficiaries feel that they are constructing their own houses and S.S.M. is just supporting them. The beneficiaries have contributed by way of voluntary labor in foundation, refilling, curing, transport in raw material etc. to the tune of 20% of the cost.
This feeling has built a confidence in the people and brought them in the main stream. It has changed positively their way of thinking, childcare, education and health. The low-cost technology has encouraged such many shelter-less people to build their own houses.
We supported for 366 new homes with toilets, small repairing of 184 homes and 358 separate toilets till the date.
Home brought stability!
Saygonda and wife Rezabai Ambe, residents of Sagroli in Biloli taluka of Nanded district. The couple have 3 daughters. They both have to work every day on daily wages to survive the family. Everything, whatever was being earned was spent on everyday needs of the family. They were living in a hut constructed with tin shade and agricultural waste mixed with mud. They had to repair it before the onset of monsoon every year. So, couldn’t get wages of 4-5 days during repairing. The hut was so much weak, so they had to keep elder daughter with two younger sisters at home. So, they couldn’t attend school many times. They were facing problem of rats, insects, etc. They always dream to have a pucca home at their own.Vishwambhar Rajarao Ingole
One day Saygonda came to know about the Habitat project and contacted SSM. He was provided with all the information, terms and conditions. After his acceptance and the documentation procedure, his loan was sanctioned. He started the construction work on his own land. The couple worked on the site and constructed a home of two rooms, bathroom and toilet. SSM paid the amount of Rs. 25000/- in two instalments, first at the time of basement and second at the time of roofing. They also invested Rs. 25000/- from their savings and the dream came true. Now there is no problem of insects or rats, children can attend school every day, no need to repair it every year, health status increased because of toilet and bathroom attached to home and many more with happiness. They are punctual about repayment. They happily say, now we can build future of our children too. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9787372350692748}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '50780', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:MNS5O4DOLLR7UXM474HPFFOEK2GWGAVD', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:d054a007-91f1-473a-8276-38ee344497d9>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2022, 11, 26, 16, 40, 19), 'WARC-IP-Address': '172.67.203.157', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:6YKB7Z7MNKB6NFDETFUXOILXOHZGSTOZ', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:280fca6e-9ad1-48e6-a35b-886cd36687c4>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://ssmandal.net/social-housing-and-sanitation/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:b9d5d204-7d21-46db-8dfd-25f33da470d1>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '508', 'url': 'http://ssmandal.net/social-housing-and-sanitation/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2022-49\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November/December 2022\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-77\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.19 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.4-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.019489049911499023', 'original_id': '559008d7032191e97dce1b4bf582c8e4d0ec6d16128cb3d2b29eb02bf671825f'} |
//
// Generated by class-dump 3.5 (64 bit) (Debug version compiled Oct 15 2018 10:31:50).
//
// class-dump is Copyright (C) 1997-1998, 2000-2001, 2004-2015 by Steve Nygard.
//
#import <MediaPlayer/MPUniversalStoreIdentifiers-Protocol.h>
@class NSArray, NSString;
@protocol MPMutableUniversalStoreIdentifiers <MPUniversalStoreIdentifiers>
@property(copy, nonatomic) NSString *informalStaticAssetID;
@property(copy, nonatomic) NSString *informalMediaClipID;
@property(copy, nonatomic) NSString *socialProfileID;
@property(nonatomic) long long subscriptionAdamID;
@property(nonatomic) long long purchasedAdamID;
@property(copy, nonatomic) NSString *universalCloudLibraryID;
@property(copy, nonatomic) NSArray *formerAdamIDs;
@property(nonatomic) long long adamID;
@property(copy, nonatomic) NSString *globalPlaylistID;
@end
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '167281047afbe72e011c783d1aa9de9e24e0b79361ecaab0d16f9bc2b0a9b595'} |
Gabriel Conroy reflects on his wife's former lover, Michael Furey.
The air of the room chilled his shoulders. He stretched himself cautiously along under the sheets and lay down beside his wife. One by one they were all becoming shades. Better pass boldly into that other world, in the full glory of some passion, than fade and wither dismally with age. He thought of how she who lay beside him had locked in her heart for so many years that image of her lover's eyes when he had told her that he did not wish to live.
Generous tears filled Gabriel's eyes. He had never felt like that himself towards any woman, but he knew that such a feeling must be love. The tears gathered more thickly in his eyes and in the partial darkness he imagined he saw the form of a young man standing under a dripping tree. Other forms were near. His soul had approached that region where dwell the vast hosts of the dead. He was conscious of, but could not apprehend, their wayward and flickering existence. His own identity was fading out into a grey impalpable world: the solid world itself, which these dead had one time reared and lived in, was dissolving and dwindling.
A few light taps upon the pane made him turn to the window. It had begun to snow again. He watched sleepily the flakes, silver and dark, falling obliquely against the lamplight. The time had come for him to set out on his journey westward. Yes, the newspapers were right: snow was general all over Ireland. It was falling on every part of the dark central plain, on the treeless hills, falling softly upon the Bog of Allen and, farther westward, softly falling into the dark mutinous Shannon waves. It was falling, too, upon every part of the lonely churchyard on the hill where Michael Furey lay buried. It lay thickly drifted on the crooked crosses and headstones, on the spears of the little gate, on the barren thorns. His soul swooned slowly as he heard the snow falling faintly through the universe and faintly falling, like the descent of their last end, upon all the living and the dead. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'ab4a6c3c26d3ed546417004d0e2ba1fa049dae3e76f3091069f2142f4908c99c'} |
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The universe is made of atoms... Everything on this planet, every living creature is ultimately at the most basic level is made of atoms... Hence, the phenomenon of life is actually a synthesis of atoms..
It is the combination of atoms which makes life a unique phenomenon and every living creature/plant its unique characteristics...
With so much problem and unrest within the human mind, body and society, we lose our humility and fail to accept that we are tiny insignificant particles compared to the universe..
This album is a prayer, pleading mankind to forget how big we are and surrender to the universal energy of the cosmos, at the same time value our lives as a miraculous combination of atoms, which makes us alive.
about the band
ZOO is a 4 piece electronic-alternative outfit from Kolkata, India. The music and the philosophy of the band brings forward a very organic alternative sound with coherent elements of drum-n-bass, ambient, industrial etc to portray the essence of metropolitan human life.
Formed in...
Visit the Zoo page
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import { spawn } from 'child_process'
export const spawnGetStdout = (cmd: string, args: string[]): Promise<string> => {
return new Promise<string>((resolve, reject) => {
let stdoutString = ''
let stderrString = ''
const proc = spawn(cmd, args, { stdio: ['ignore', 'pipe', 'pipe'] })
proc.stdout.on('data', (line) => {
if (stdoutString === '') {
stdoutString = line.toString()
} else {
stdoutString += line.toString()
}
})
proc.stderr.on('data', (line) => {
if (stderrString === '') {
stderrString = line.toString()
} else {
stderrString += line.toString()
}
})
proc.on('close', (code) => {
if (!code) {
resolve(stdoutString)
} else {
reject(stderrString)
}
})
})
}
| common_corpus | {'identifier': 'https://github.com/gridcoin-club/circletron-gc/blob/master/src/command.ts', 'collection': 'Github Open Source', 'open_type': 'Open Source', 'license': 'ISC', 'date': '2021.0', 'title': 'circletron-gc', 'creator': 'gridcoin-club', 'language': 'TypeScript', 'language_type': 'Code', 'word_count': '98', 'token_count': '260', '__index_level_0__': '18761', 'original_id': 'c656b4e7554b4e17b44ac13719d711c7bb3aa40f6d241985f538341f1e640479'} |
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Overdrive Library Account API - SDKs
OverDrive is an online company that provides users a way to access eBooks and electronic materials from their computers or mobile devices. The OverDrive Library Account API lets developers to create and manage library accounts by integrating with the API with their applications. The API uses Oauth for authentication, and an account ID is required when creating new account. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '14', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.875528872013092}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '99567', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:XC6PPF7QJG7R6LSS625I2OS3ALGWTLXN', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:9d23f22e-a314-4775-9b70-bbaf343c3f0f>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 4, 25, 4, 55, 34), 'WARC-IP-Address': '54.230.193.18', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:TCMW5FDDCYDULXOLQ2AONNMHE4ZZJI3S', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:0782e609-aeb0-411c-b6e8-ddc6d085f30f>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.programmableweb.com/api/overdrive-library-account/sdks?qt-top_most_menu_other_directories=2', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:0db99830-74a8-4059-9537-6178cfc6413b>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '67', 'url': 'https://www.programmableweb.com/api/overdrive-library-account/sdks?qt-top_most_menu_other_directories=2', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-18\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for April 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-141-45-27.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.34642839431762695', 'original_id': '867e915d00c4f71dd0b5c73bdf1e493b82a73945d193a903a13371e8626d0219'} |
Thursday, January 7, 2010
Unfinished Dungeons
No, I am not talking about writing projects left un-done. I’m talking about adventures that have never been completed. For example, has anyone ever actually seen a Kopru in game?
I have NOT…and I’ve run X1: The Isle of Dread at least four or five times. It is, after all, one of my Top Ten Modules of all time. But in all, I think only one adventuring party ever made it to the central “island within an island” and I don’t recall anyone getting beyond the 1st or 2nd level of the temple.
Is this strange to people? It ain’t to me. I’ve run many games that were never finished, their secrets never discovered, their depths never plumbed.
Reading Mr. Maliszewski’s retrospective the other day on S4: The Lost Caverns of Tsojcanth reminded me of this. S4 is one of the modules I picked up in that treasure trove of adventures the other day. I had owned it as a kid, and had also thought it was great. I also remember reading it and despairing at the thought that MY regular adventure group could ever uncover the secrets of the central chamber…just in reading it, the thing seemed damn nigh impossible.
I mean, I’d seen my players (I was always the DM in those days) stumble through the Tomb of Horrors, and THAT adventure at least had a riddle of clues to help players through (multiple parties reached the end of S1, even though none had the proper gear to harm the demi-lich in the slightest). But this thing with the doors and the teleports? Who but the most anal-retentive of spelunkers and map-makers could figure out such a thing? Personally I know I would never have the patience.
Plus the booby-traps at the end, should they actually uncover the treasure? Sheesh!
I did make two attempts to run the Lost Caverns, though. The first time, my players were never able to even find the damn thing in the wilderness. The second time I skipped the wilderness altogether and just said, “all right you found it and are sitting on the door step…what do ya’ do?” They never made it past the first level, getting washed out through an underground river as I recall.
Now certainly some of these adventures were left un-finished by my group due to Total Party Kills (even if their PCs were later “wished” back to life by their friends in town, they’d say “I ain’t going back THERE!”). But often I think the modules were simply too long, too large in scope.
While the players in the campaigns of my youth were clever and creative, and adventurous, NONE of them were of the take-it-slow-and-systematic variety. This idea that people make multiple forays into a dungeon, cautiously mapping and retreating to recover strength? Nuh-uh. The only time they were going back to town was to pick up replacement PCs for the guys that had met their ends underground.
Now part of this can be blamed on the DM (me) NOT making resource management a huge component of the game…I have a noted tendency of playing fast-and-loose with certain game systems especially encumberance, time, movement, and food. D&D isn’t a board game, so I never worried too much about characters’ movement rate…until they were in pursuit or being pursued by monsters. And if you stop worrying about movement, you stop worrying about turns…and how long torches/lanterns last (after 3rd level the characters would generally have access to continual light anyway). Better for the lights to go out at dramatically appropriate times (like when they get dropped in the middle of combat) than after 6 calculated turns.
Encumbrance puts a real limit on the amount of time one can spend in the dungeon…at least if one is hauling up thousands and thousands of coins in treasure. But bags of holding and portable holes certainly ease this burden, as does the B/X rule “all miscellaneous goods = 80coins weight.” When I moved to playing AD&D I continued to retain THAT rule.
As a DM, I never enjoyed being caught up in the minutia…I already had enough on my plate, dammit! Knowing the rules and being able to adjudicate, knowing the player characters and how THEIR gear and abilities worked, balancing player personalities, not to mention trying to know the adventure, DM it, and making the whole thing fun and exciting. If the minutia got dropped, it sure wasn’t missed!
But when the only “resource management” that needs to occur is managing of hit points and spells (I’ve yet to see characters ever “run out of arrows,” though we were pretty good about marking off ammunition)…well, it makes for fairly gung-ho players. Right up till the axe drops.
And that could easily happen when you’re three levels deep in the Halls of the Fire Giant King (unless, of course, you’re armed with Blackrazor…that sword was born to be used with a gung-ho style of play) or at the bottom of the Lost Caverns, or trapped between levels 4 and 5 of the Barrier Peaks nightmare without the correct colored card. If you push deep into the jungles of the Isle of Dread and get lost…well, that food issue will catch up to you eventually (if a wandering dino doesn’t use you to solve ITS “food issue”).
I’ve said before that I think S2: White Plume Mountain is perhaps the best adventure module ever designed, not only for its showcase of D&Disms, but for its over-all LENGTH. It can certainly be finished in a session or two, whether a party is taking it slow-and-steady or blazing away (remember the novel of the same name? THAT protagonist wasn’t making multiple expeditions into the volcano). With 27 different encounter areas (28 including the “end note” optional encounter), S2 has less than half the numbered encounter areas of B2: Keep on the Borderlands or X1 or S4.
And it IS the quantity of these numbered encounters that are important, not what they contain. Even a room that is empty of monsters, traps, and treasure will be thoroughly ransacked, prodded, and poked by the average party of adventurers. I’ve played in games where many loooong minutes were spent poking through a pile of rocks in a corridor despite their (to me) obvious use as a simple “no trespassing” sign. 60 to 80 numbered encounters? That’s not an adventure, that’s practically its own campaign!
Now before I go any further, let me say that I am NOT knocking B2 or X1. These modules are DESIGNED to be mini-campaigns, not one-off adventures. They illustrate their particular play rules (Basic – Dungeons; Expert – Wilderness) and give lots of room for exploration and experimentation with those new rules. Of course, neither one has real “end goals” either…there’s no “winning” of B2, unless I suppose you clean out the entire series of cave complex (though there are notes that new monsters will move into cleared caves). The same holds true for X1 (though I suppose you could extinguish every living monster on the island and turn it into some sort of tropical resort). But modules like S3 and S4 are crazy huge, despite having semi-specific “goals” inherent to ‘em. They might as well be called “mini-mega-dungeons” for the amount of time required for exploration…and modules like I1: Dwellers of the Forbidden City, I3-I5 (Desert of Desolation series), and X4-X5 (Desert Master series)…well I can’t think of these as anything less than mini-campaign settings.
And if your players are like the ones with whom I used to run, this ain’t what they’re looking for. They don’t want to sit down at the game table every week or two and say “ok where are we again? Oh, yeah…still there in that adventure.” My old players wanted new, fresh locales and challenges every session or two. They wanted to explore their characters while adventuring in the game world…they weren’t interested nearly as much in exploring some designer-author’s magnum opus of a dungeon.
When you have episodic adventures…or a campaign composed of them…the PLAYERS begin to create their own meta-plots and story-lines (well sometimes). When you’re stuck in a long, drawn out adventure, sub-plots and such MIGHT form but they become secondary and attached to the adventure at hand…which to me is a stifling of creativity for both players AND DMs.
[hmm…I wonder how Oddysey and Trollsmyth’s current on-going campaign developed. Odd has said this is the first time she’s played in a campaign that took things to this particular depth of character interaction…were her former games played in the mini-campaign or forced plot setting? Or is their current gaming style simply built on mutual rapport and understanding of narrative agenda needs?]
ANYWAY…attempting to tie this back to the original premise, I’ve worked a LOT of modules in the past and have only managed to complete a few…and then only with a lot of diligence and/or particularly “captive” audiences (like my little brother!). And I played A LOT of D&D in the past…the same core group of players, weekly or bi-weekly sessions, with full day and all night stretches. And the majority of these modules were simply never finished. The adventures BETWEEN adventures were (as Oddysey and Trollsmyth could perhaps attest) far more interesting…the intrigues, the rivalries, what was “going on” with the adventurers in the larger campaign world. For me, White Plume Mountain is the biggest site based adventure I want to explore…and think about this: it’s a whole goddamn mountain! Why should a dungeon set in a ruined keep or tower be bigger (what are the dimensions of the biggest tower in the Expert set? 30’x30’ maybe?).
Just some things I’m considering as I set about writing an introductory adventure module to go with my B/X Companion.
: )
1. You know, this is a really good post and good points. You've given me something to think about. Thanks!
2. Although once we did manage to find and defeat the Kopru down in their mud-flat caves (my Thief even found the sword +2, charm person), we spent many many adventures on the Isle of Dread that never even came close to the Central Plateau, let alone the island within the island.
We actually never played that many modules in my youth. My friends and I were always coming up with new dungeon ideas, so like your campaigns, we tended to have a new setting for every adventure or two. And the few modules we played tended to not be completed as well.
I think a lot of it had to do with our DMing styles. None of us were big on dishing out rumors or hints back then. We'd just let each other's characters stumble around the areas or dungeons until they found some good loot, or were running low on spells and hit points and decided to get out of there. With the dungeons we were creating, that worked fine, as there wasn't usually a story involved with them. They were just deep places of the earth, with lots of monsters and gold inside.
But with any sort of story module, the DM would know the 'story' but wouldn't really give out enough hints to the players about what was going on. I remember the CM adventure "Endless Stair" being a classic example. There was this whole rivalry between the dead wizard's two apprentices going on, but the players had no idea about it because I didn't give out enough backstory through the peasants/locals, and they didn't ask. If I remember right, they eventually found the hidden tomb and partially looted it, but that was it.
3. @ CW: glad I could help! Thanks for stopping by!
@'ll note that in many Old School modules, there ain't much backstory...really just the most basic of ideas. I mean, let's look at B2...why are these Chaotic clerics there really? Both in the keep and out? Are the ones in the keep related to the ones out? Never explained.
What the hell is going on with the Kopru in X1? Where the heck did Eclavdra hook up with the Ancient Evil Elemental, and why did she turn away from Lolth? For that matter, what's up with Lolth and the devout Drow versus Eclavdra's traitorour house?
It's left to the DMs to decide...or not. But what there isn't a whole bunch of story and metaplot thrown in...there are connected themes that still allow a huge leeway in creativity. This is missing from most modules post-Dragon Lance. And all that extra fiction? As you point out, pretty much wasted on the average adventuring party. Might as well be writing a book.
Moldvay's X2 is an exception that I really will have to blog about sometime....
4. Well, even if there isn't a lot of backstory in many classic modules, my point was that in the few we played, what little there was rarely made much difference.
"I've got a module!" was no different to us than "I've got a new dungeon drawn up!" In either, we just accepted that this was where we'd be adventuring that day, and went seeking monsters to slay and treasure to amass. It didn't matter if it was just some random series of halls, or some professionally crafted module with lots of atmospheric background to it.
And as young DMs, we didn't fill in the gaps those modules made. As players, we didn't seek filling in the gaps of the dungeons we created. It was sort of a Field of Dreams thing. If you build it, adventurers will come!
And with dungeons like that, we never really felt like there was anything to 'finish.'
As we got older, we started making more adventures with 'ends' but in those early days, and even later on on many occasions, there didn't seem to be a point to an 'end' to a dungeon or a module. It was just there to be explored/raided/looted.
5. @ Yesmar: : )
@ Gwd: Point taken...but even though your group treated "goal oriented" dungeons as personal sandboxes, that wasn't necessarily the designers' intention. And if the designers intention WAS for some end goal to be reached, in both your case and mine that intention wasn't fulfilled.
Certainly as older kids, when my co-DM and I would draw dungeons, there were certain goals associated with them. "Kill the beholder at the center of the labyrinth" or "find the princess's pet animal that fell down the well into the dungeon." While there were dungeons designed that were simple "oh ancient ruins...let's go loot 'em" not all were like that in MY campaigns. But as you suggested, we may have had different DMing styles.
Hmm...I'm going back to bed. I've got stuff to mull over. : )
6. I agree 100% JB, and I think that you've basically described the two main approaches to DnD adventuring. One emphasizes resource management and a kind of exploration in which resource management provides a central, global tension. The other emphasizes, for lack of a better word, discrete "puzzles" and it is the completion of these "puzzles" that provides the central tension. A dungeon can be a puzzle all by itself, as can a task like, figure out how to escape. But the thing is tension begins to fizzle if the "puzzle" drags on too long.
It's sort of like "reader response theory." This is an approach to writing in which the writer is supposed to think in terms of reader expectations. You establish expectations, and it is the desire to have these expectations met that pulls the reader through. A huge dungeon can be a bit like establishing an expectation in the first paragraph, but then going into 20 pages of digressions before that expectation is satisfied. Most readers aren't going to get through that kind of paper. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '2', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9721403121948242}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '246107', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:PL5WXPP6IX5OFOE7G5E26VLDEFULZSDM', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:4f4950e5-0de8-4f84-a8d0-b2f9c61588a4>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 10, 23, 6, 4, 59), 'WARC-IP-Address': '172.217.13.65', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:CLDZDTD5EOTBDSL3RSMD3DZ7OEEFQ62D', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:122279ad-4e56-449b-953b-54e882f001e0>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://bxblackrazor.blogspot.com/2010/01/unfinished-dungeons.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:eba8afb3-5554-407e-aaee-306f7e38724c>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '2578', 'url': 'http://bxblackrazor.blogspot.com/2010/01/unfinished-dungeons.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-230-39-145.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-43\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for October 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.05338853597640991', 'original_id': '6d44468a728e198053e6ab0187fd5540a18037aed12b225ffdd189ab9ff8603e'} |
tagIncest/TabooWaltz Time
Waltz Time
What a bastard I must have been; what an abominable shit. If there are years I'd like to revisit it would be those from when I was around twelve to sixteen, just to see if I could do a better job second time around.
On second thoughts I don't think I'd like to revisit them. I've heard people say, "Those are the best years of your life." They may be for some, but not for me. They were the loneliest years of my life, and no wonder given the sort of arsehole I was.
Always looking for an argument and when I got one saying the most stupid and illogical things just to win it; always irritable and complaining; abusing the teachers; I was suspended from school at least three times and came close to being expelled.
Those were the years of seething hormones, when you shoot upwards but not outwards, so you're a skinny gangling thing, and you tell yourself you're ugly and pimply and no one, especially a girl, could ever like you - that proved to be a self fulfilling prophesy.
Then there's the pubic hair and an enlarged penis that always seem to be horny, which I suppose is okay if you've got someone to play your horn with, but I hadn't, so I had to learn to play solo.
I used to go for long walks on my own, and although I pretended I liked being on my own, I was really praying I'd meet someone to walk with and talk to. Of course, if that someone was female and she said "Let's go behind that bush and fuck," it would have been a bonus, but it never happened.
To add to my woes I caught a vile disease; it's called, "Liking classical music." I caught it from my mother who along with her other maladies suffers from "Going to the theatre syndrome," and an infestation of "I like reading poetry."
The overarching infection mother suffers from is "Being a university lecturer in English."
As those who suffer from these types of ailments will realise, they do not make for popularity when you're a teenager. I seemed unable to engage in activities popular among my peers, and even in sport I went in for long distance running which is hardly a team sport.
If I could turn back the clock and return to those days there would be one reason and one only. I would like to try and heal the many wounds I must have given mother at that time with my petulant and insulting behaviour.
Perhaps some of you have heard the old song, "You Always Hurt the One you Love;" a sloppy and sentimental piece, but with more than a grain of truth. I think I must have loved mother a great deal if the hurts I inflicted are the measure.
Looking back now at those days from the vantage point of fourteen years on, I can see how much mother had to endure, not only from me, but my father as well.
Some said my father was a genius. He and mother had met when both of them were just starting as tutors at the university; my father in the Physics Department. It was expected that he would have a brilliant career; sadly it never happened.
How it all began I'm not sure because I was only a kid when my father first started to drink excessively. By the time I did understand about such things father was an alcoholic. In addition he had taken to gambling believing that mathematically he could come up with a system that would mean he would always win.
Of course, as he explained endlessly, like all such systems it had to be perfected. In the process of perfecting his system to my knowledge he twice emptied his and mother's joint bank account and ran into overdraft. There may have been more times that I did not know of.
By the time I was around eleven his career was in tatters. He had been dismissed, not only from his university position, but from a series of jobs and was on a fast downward slope.
There were times when he had treatment and it looked as if he would overcome his alcoholism and gambling obsession, but it never lasted.
How or why mother tolerated his behaviour and why she stayed with him is still a mystery to me. Knowing her as I do I think she is one of the minority of people who these days take their marriage vows seriously; that and the hope that one day father would get back on track again.
I can recall a time when I was fifteen and I'd just been suspended from school for the second time and father was going through one of his frequent drinking and gambling periods. I found mother sitting at the kitchen table crying. I had never seen her cry before. I wanted to comfort her, but didn't know how.
I suppose my inability to say or do anything arose from the guilty knowledge that I was in part responsible for her distress.
Mother's hope that father would change was a vain one, and finally it was he who made an end of it. One day he left the house and didn't return. Mother eventually contacted the police and reported him as missing. At first I don't think they took it seriously, no doubt believing it was just one more guy who'd run off with another woman.
It became serious when a couple walking along an isolated beach found a heap of clothes that were eventually identified as belonging to father. In addition his car was parked at the top of the cliffs that skirted the beach. No body was ever recovered and at the inquest an open verdict was given.
Most people, including mother, believed he had committed suicide, and that seems rational enough, but I'm not so sure.
What are the alternatives? Accidental death; he went for a swim, got into trouble and drowned? Murder; that's a possibility, the murderer wanting it to make it look like suicide; I think that the police believed it might be murder and questioned mother, me and a few other people, but it all came to nothing.
I have what most would think an absurd belief that father is still alive. He knew he had ruined his life and thought he could make a fresh start, so he faked suicide and disappeared. I sometimes wonder if one day he'll just walk into the house. I don't think I really grieved over father's death. It was in fact something of a relief not to have him around either boozed out of his mind, or bringing yet another financial disaster upon us, or more likely both at the same time.
I couldn't read mother at that time. Always a very quiet person she became almost incommunicado for a while. Perhaps it was something like this that she had expected to happen and she probably felt a sense of relief that it was over and was in the process of digesting it.
I am tempted to call father's death, if that is what it was, a tragic event, but the real tragedy had taken place long before his actual death when he began to ruin a promising career, and with it what could have been a fulfilling relationship with mother.
From what I have been told, when they married they were seen as "The beautiful couple." That's how they were for some time. From the wedding photographs I could see that my father was a very handsome man and mother undoubtedly an attractive woman.
Eventually my father's drinking had started to mar his looks, and by the time of his disappearance my mother was still attractive but had a weary look about her.
Not long after these events I had my sixteenth birthday. I think what had happened to my father and the waste of it all had a positive effect on me. I can remember coming to the conclusion I'd better start doing something about my life and future.
Perhaps my hormones had settled down a bit, and instead of being a long streak of misery, and while still growing upwards, I could see the first signs of my filling out. I even flattered myself that I resembled my father when he was young.
It was during the following year that I not only got down to studying and attempting to be a less obnoxious person, when I also had what I call my "Near sex experience."
It came about like this: there was a girl in my class called Mercy. She was a buxom creature with frizzy red hair and a white freckled complexion. Her major asset was huge breasts that threatened to burst out of her clothing. Some of the guys used to joke about those might mammary glands, saying there they arrived on the scene five minutes before the rest of her.
At one time she had been very popular with the other guys in the class, but I'd noted they'd gradually dropped away from her.
I should have taken a warning from this drop off in her popularity, but being somewhat naïve about such things I didn't. I don't know how I managed it, but I scraped up the courage to ask her for a date. She accepted and we went to see a film at what was known locally as "The Flea Pit." Believe it or not this was my first date with a girl.
Some time during the film our hands touched and fingers intertwined. By the end of the programme our hands were hot and sweaty and my penis was hard and dripping eagerly.
I'd taken over my father's car so I started to drive Mercy home. She lived a little way out of town where there is a small cluster of houses near the cliff top. Before we got to the house Mercy said, "Why don't we stop here and look at the moon reflecting on the sea."
I should point out that there was no moon in evidence that night.
This, I decided, was it. I stopped the car, its nose pointing out to sea, and took Mercy's hand again. She leaned her head on my shoulder and screwing up my courage I kissed her. I admit it wasn't a very expert kiss since I'd had no prior experience of kissing a girl – well only mother when I was a kid.
Mercy turned it into a full-blown job, and in seconds her tongue felt as if it was halfway down my throat. I responded – or is it reacted? She was wearing a low cut dress that had her nearly naked to the nipples.
I shoved my hand down the top of her dress to take hold of a breast. Then I got my reward. She struck me a stinging blow across the face and said, "You filthy bastard, I'm not that sort of girl."
I think she said a few more things in similar vein but I was recovering from the shock of the blow. She got out of the car and stomped off up the road disappearing her rear end wagging wrathfully (she had a rear end to match her boobs) into the dark. I suppose I should have driven after her but since her house was only about half a kilometre from where I had parked I let her stomp on.
That ended my near sex experience. I learned later that most of the other guys in my class had received the same treatment; a nice lead up and then a swipe across the face. I also learned she was known as "Balls breaker Bested," (Bested was her family name).
Being somewhat hesitant when it came to things social I made no further attempts to date girls.
The strange thing is, about six months after my close encounter with Mercy she left school. Rumour had it that she was pregnant and daddy was a widower farmer some twenty years older than Mercy.
The rumours proved to be true since their wedding was announced in the local paper. About a year later I saw her outside the supermarket pushing a baby in a pram. She passed me without a glance.
No doubt the farmer was somewhat more experienced in matters sexual than most of the guys who had attempted Mercy, and maybe he got a bit insistent and had forcefully invaded Fortress Mercy Vagina which lacked the defence of the contraceptive pill.
I considered I'd had a narrow escape, because if Mercy had been merciful and let me relieve my overfull testes into her, I might have been daddy and then saddled later in life with an overweight partner with couple of collapsed and dangling bosoms. I think a number of the guys breathed a sigh of relief.
Mother gradually came out of her time of silence and started to talk again. Not only did she talk, but she smiled, something I hadn't seen her do for a long time. Since my years of near insanity which they call "Adolescence" seemed to have calmed down we were getting along very well together; which might have been another reason for her smiles.
Mother also took to going out occasionally in the evenings; something she had rarely done when father was around. Once when she was out at a faculty function, father, well and truly boozed, had decided to cook something in a pan of oil.
During the course of this the cooking oil had caught fire and in attempting to put it out he somehow managed start a fire in the kitchen. It was just as well I was at home and smelt the smoke, because by the time I got to the kitchen the top of a low wooden cupboard was soaked with oil and burning very merrily.
After that mother tried never to go out when father was drunk, and since he mostly was drunk, that constricted her life.
Now, with her newly acquired freedom she started to go out on dates with some of the younger and single members of the faculty – with a couple of divorced guys as well I believe.
She never said much about these dates but they did go to concerts and theatres, and that was also something mother had been denied in those last few years when my father was around.
Mother never said much about the men she dated, but none of them seemed to last very long. I think that after her experiences with father she was wary, and didn't want to get too deeply involved. Whether or not these relationships became sexual I didn't know.
So for a while she played the merry widow, and then that petered out and she spent more time at home with me. I don't know why the dating tapered off but guessing I would say that the men wanted more than mother was prepared to give.
I wondered half humorously if she slapped their faces if and when they tried something. I don't really think so because mother isn't the slapping type. Perhaps she would be more likely to give them a brief dissertation on the virtues of abstinence.
Actually I don't think it was attempts on her virtue that caused the dating decline; it was more likely to be suggestions of something long term like marriage. On that score I had some sympathy for the guys because gradually I was coming to realise that mother was the sort of woman that any virile male would like to be married to.
Now that's another odd thing; I'd never really considered mother's looks while I was a kid, nor during that time when I was half kid and half adult. It was during those last two years at high school that I came to appreciate what a fine looking woman she was.
The departure of my father, apart from that time of silence, seemed to have peeled some years from her. For a long time her only relief from father and I had been her work. How tutoring a bunch of dim students could be a relief only shows what a lousy pair father and I were.
By the time I was seventeen mother had risen to become a senior lecturer in the faculty, and went off each day to regale the slow of wit with her love of literature. Over the years she had managed to instil some of that love in me, and with my post sixteenth birthday resolve to study hard, I started to excel in English and English literature. This started to rub off on other subjects, success, as it were, breeding success.
When I was a child mother had sometimes taken me to museums and art galleries and, if she considered it suitable, to some concerts and theatre.
During my pubescence if mother asked me to go with her to the theatre or a concert I'd refuse in a snarly manner. It wasn't that I didn't want to go, but going with mother seemed such a kid thing to do, so I ended up not going at all.
I also think that there was so much misery and confusion inside me I wanted to pass it on to someone else, and as the song says, it's always the one you love that you hurt. God know how many hurtful things I said and did to mother in those days.
In the end mother gave up asking me to go out with her, so it came as a mild but pleasant surprise when one evening she asked me to go and see a play with her.
It happened to be a Shakespeare play that was on the faculty curriculum that year and I didn't have mother all to myself. She had made up a small party of her students to go to the theatre with her. As best as I can recall there were three guys and five girls.
I sat through a rather average performance of "All's Well That Ends Well." Afterwards we went for a cup of coffee and I discovered that these were the brighter of mother's students. The discussion was really a critique of the performance and in their view it hadn't stacked up well.
They were all older than me, one of the women being at least forty; what they call "A mature age student." One thing was clear, they all admired mother and seemed fond of her.
I kept quiet just listening and watching. It was obvious that the guys admired mother for more than her knowledge. I noticed that while she was friendly with them, she kept them at a little distance, quickly turning aside anything that seemed like a suggestive remark.
For me mother had always been just mother. It was no surprise to me that men somewhere near her own age would be interested in her, but young guys almost half her age? Observing this I started to take more notice of mother's appearance.
I came to realise just how attractive she was, but it was an attractiveness I found hard to define. It was one evening that her strange beauty was driven home to me.
I was sitting in the lounge idly looking through an old photograph album when she came into the room. I glanced up, and my attention was riveted. Evening sunlight was coming in through the glass of the French windows and she was caught in its golden glow.
She stood looking at me for a few moments, and then giving a beautifully impatient movement of her head she shook back the ruddy brown curls and waves of her hair and they seemed to flash and gleam in the fading sunlight.
She smiled and asked, "What are you doing?"
"Visiting the past," I replied.
She came and sat on the arm of the chair and looked down at the photographs. I was aware of a faint fragrance, a fragrance that I had experienced more potently with Mercy, but with her it had been mingled with a distinct smell of perspiration. With mother it was delicate, yet subtle as it was it screamed "Female."
I looked up at her face and although I had seen those features thousands of times, I seemed to be seeing them anew.
Beneath that gorgeous tangle of dark hair her forehead was almost as smooth and clear as a contented child's. There was also something innocent about her short, slightly tip tilted nose.
Between their narrow lids her cat green eyes seemed to reflect inner laughter, that laughter being reflected in the corners of her mouth in a faintly ironic smile that seemed to say, "I have known pain and more may come, but at this moment I am content."
Her mouth seemed full of contradictions; the lips were full and looked as if they had been carved by a sculptor; sensitive, voluptuous yet grave and sad; lips that were defenceless in their brooding sensuality, they seemed to be abandoned to their helplessness by her small, unassertive chin.
Her neck long and finely moulded, it ended at her gently sloping shoulders, and there, concealed yet indicated by the swell of the shirt she was wearing, breasts that suggested they were not overly large but firm. For those who have some knowledge of these things I can tell you that I had once seen her bras in the linen basket with the label 34C on them. They were not like the Mercy tits that must have been in the 42G range.
Since she was sitting I could not properly see her body, but of course I knew she was slim, with slender yet nicely shaped arms and legs, her feet and hands small.
She pointed to a faded sepia photograph. "Your great grandmother," she said. For all the fussy clothes that entombed her and the faded state of the photo, I could detect the resemblance between her and mother.
I have used the word attractive to describe mother, but it is more than her looks that gives rise to that word. In a crowd she might warrant a casual glance from the female hunting males, but unless they were perceptive they might not glance again. It was some inner quality that shone through the physical that really deserved the appellation attractive, and it was on that evening I first came to understand this.
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