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I Go Hobo
Americans,architecture,buildings,columns,DC,flags,fountains,government,houses,landmarks,nights,sites,USA,White House
Did you know the word hobo is short for homeward bound? Well, it's one of the possible origins of the word, at any rate. Given the other options are "ho, boy!" and "ho, beau" I think I'll stick with my original statment. Well, they say you can never go home again. It's a wonderful cliché I decided to defy it last week. I went home to Washington, D.C., the scene of the crime from ages 3 to 11, and took a tour of the old neighborhood.
My family hasn't lived in this house in years. The last time I saw it in person was probably 2004. Recently, I took a fantastic Improv for Writing Workshop (if you live in the LA area and can swing it, take this class. It's incredible), and one of the exercises we did was to imagine a walk we used to take when we were kids. We drew maps of the walk, the things we saw at each step along the way, and then used the map as a jumping off point for writing scenes. So, in my mind, I've been down this street and around the corner just recently.
Last week, however, when my husband drove the rental car around the corner and I screamed,"Wait! This isn't right!" My poor husband almost steered into the curb, thinking he'd made a wrong turn.
"No, the street is right, but they houses… They're all… weird."
It was as if someone had, I don't know, squashed the street. The street was foreshortened, as if someone had squeezed both ends of the block like an accordion bending inward. There was my sweet little childhood home, the place I'd grown up in, smack dab in the middle, and I could hardly recognize it.
We parked the car and I walked the block, pointing out all of the things that I had mapped so recently in that workshop. But none of them were quite right. A hedge was missing here, the door was the wrong color there, and that tree—the big one out front where my brother and I poured a mixture of honey and cooking sherry to watch drunken ants and bees fight—it was tiny. It couldn't possibly be the same tree. Someone must have changed it while I wasn't watching. The surreal sense of omniscience Google maps had given me, allowing me to spy on my old neighborhoods from the heights of an invisible cloud had not prepared me for this.
Every stone was in its place. But it had changed. It was familiar, like the smell of chicken soup on the stove, but different. I wanted chicken and noodles. Somehow, this bowl had chicken and stars.
So maybe it's true. You can return to a street address (unless a bulldozer and a city planner have something to say about it), but you just can't go home again. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9749574065208436}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '69842', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:KSDEZXHGVFYV6WP3PSEDKPHTMIOGBRLT', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:a597d331-506a-4574-be5d-0aeee6289480>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 8, 26, 0, 2, 23), 'WARC-IP-Address': '198.185.159.145', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:JAVVUT7CKOA6XR3MHB5K6VKBKXNCJXZC', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:9d14203c-79cc-4e6d-8e36-f1a261d9c889>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.sherrilsmith.com/blog/i-go-hobo', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:ff216863-2269-411a-aa01-220d59282e08>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '476', 'url': 'https://www.sherrilsmith.com/blog/i-go-hobo', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-35\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for August 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-36.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.24647283554077148', 'original_id': 'a9c0905ad05c7caf8da119b84dde5f53bd04acb7ba988b7ffb7446a5d0d276ad'} |
SALT LAKE CITY -- Hillary Clinton's presidential campaign released a video on Tuesday morning, targeting Mormon voters and hoping to persuade them to vote for her in the November election.
The video, entitled "Mormons for Hillary," features members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and at least two Republicans from the state legislature: former Rep. Sheryl Allen (who also ran as a Democratic Lt. Governor candidate in 2010) and former Rep. David Irvine. Both are among the Mormons who have endorsed Clinton in one of the reddest of red states.
In the ad, they're reading from Clinton's book "It Takes a Village."
Watch the ad here:
"The Republican candidate appeals to me in no way whatsoever," Allen said in an interview with FOX 13 on Tuesday.
Allen said it was Clinton's lifetime of service and work for women and children that appealed to her as a Mormon woman.
"I just believe so firmly in her leadership abilities and life of service she's given, I have no difficulty whatsoever in advocating for Hillary Clinton," Allen said.
The ad's release is well timed following a weekend that saw Utah's Republican flag bearers abandon Donald Trump after taped comments were broadcast showing the GOP nominee making crude sexual remarks about women. Governor Gary Herbert, Congresswoman Mia Love, Congressmen Jason Chaffetz, and Rep. Chris Stewart announced they would not be voting for Trump after the remarks.
Only Congressman Rob Bishop and the Utah Republican Party officially have said they are sticking with Trump.
But the impact of "Mormons for Hillary" may not be that big in Utah. The Clinton campaign has bought no TV ads in the Salt Lake City market, releasing only YouTube videos touting support for her.
Among LDS Republicans who have publicly dumped Trump, they have insisted they are not voting for Clinton. Rep. Love said Monday night she was considering third parties. So was Rep. Chaffetz.
"The Clintons have struggled in Utah since '92 when Bill Clinton took third in that election," said Morgan Lyon Cotti with the University of Utah's Hinckley Institute of Politics. "There's just a long history of distrust and, honestly, dislike."
Lyon Cotti pointed out that Clinton is not polling well in Utah, even in the Democrat-friendlier Fourth Congressional District. Still, the strategy for Clinton may be to keep her name above the alternatives on the ballot.
"If she does keep that dialogue up of look at this very Republican state where the nominee should be polling at 60, maybe even 70 percent and he hasn't hit 40 yet, it keeps up that conversation and helps her cause," Lyon Cotti said. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'd08177a15c4817e801cc5925c1b84d5083968137f12f7019c3253f97c39717a9'} |
grep err $1 | awk '{print $2, $3, $4, $5, $6, $7}' > jpp ; sed '1,10d' jpp > jp; xmgrace -nxy jp
| mini_pile | {'original_id': 'b63ac3c8935e49255ff1f573b197586d1af75bb9fe57ff498a64f00cb1ba3d97'} |
By Charitable - 30/6/2014 05:02 - United States - San Francisco
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kitcatjb | 12
I hope everyone knows that a lot of the charity's you donate to don't actually go to charity. Most are scams or only 10% of the profit they make actually goes to where they tell you it's going.
To add to what 25 said, PETA and HSUS are two of the biggest scammers. They rake in millions of dollars with pictures of sad animals, and use that money to fund euthanizing the majority of animals they take in, and lobbying towards bills to take away your rights to keep your pets.
Moral of the story: if you want to help animals with a donation, donate money or supplies straight to your local animal shelter.
The more likely scenario is that there was a problem with the technical end of the transaction. This literally just happened to me last night. I ordered a $400 ladder and the first time it said it couldn't complete the transaction due to my billing address which was total BS. I double checked my stuff and tried again and it worked. Lo and behold I checked my paypal and paypal sent them two payments and I had 2 order numbers. They were quick to refund the extra transaction. If OP takes it up with their bank they should be able to reclaim the funds if the charity won't help. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '30', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.975739359855652}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '111071', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:AAG5UWGXIVW7CHCPBWKVUE6M34LYVMSI', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:e1905b93-572a-4631-ace6-ace59be2a4c8>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 9, 20, 23, 16, 29), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.20.51.230', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:NBZNQTGPECW3MFA7A5D3GCCCVGKCNAWI', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:7f0f4003-e267-4c48-8ba8-be63cbd035d9>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.fmylife.com/article/today-i-donated-to-a-charity-website-my-card-was-repeatedly-refused-by-the-website-but-when-i-went_136158.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:c36ce34f-fa6c-4f07-8866-84073a316ea5>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '294', 'url': 'https://www.fmylife.com/article/today-i-donated-to-a-charity-website-my-card-was-repeatedly-refused-by-the-website-but-when-i-went_136158.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-39\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-151.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.9189510345458984', 'original_id': 'b63082ebbefcf50705eb9fdfd01a6bade76df5999c2edc10be3327fbe156c728'} |
Ел Запоте, Ел Чапоте има више значења:
Ел Запоте, Ел Чапоте (Пуебло Нуево), насеље у савезној држави Дуранго у Мексику
Ел Запоте, Ел Чапоте (Синалоа), насеље у савезној држави Синалоа у Мексику | common_corpus | {'identifier': 'https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%20%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%2C%20%D0%95%D0%BB%20%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5', 'collection': 'Wikipedia', 'open_type': 'Open Web', 'license': 'CC-By-SA', 'date': '2023.0', 'title': 'Ел Запоте, Ел Чапоте', 'creator': 'https://sr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ел Запоте, Ел Чапоте&action=history', 'language': 'Serbian', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '32', 'token_count': '105', '__index_level_0__': '7740', 'original_id': '2e6c5817299e4a8debc045b80e8553f36dad851868e7828004c12c48d9b54519'} |
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What is a Coffee Taster’s Flavour Wheel?
The Coffee Taster’s Flavour Wheel allows professional coffee tasters to identify and categorise coffee beans.
How does your coffee taste? Is that a hint of hazelnut or nutmeg? Or perhaps it tastes like molasses, malt or acetic acid. No matter what your coffee tastes like, the flavour was reported by a coffee roaster and certified by a taster. Now coffee roasters have been in collaboration with sensory scientists to generate a more up to date way to distinguish the flavour of your coffee.
Inspiration behind the flavour wheel
The Specialty Coffee Association of America and coffee researchers are the brains behind the invention of the Coffee Tasters Flavour Wheel. This is the first modification to the flavour wheel in over 20 years. It is similar to the aroma wheel used by wine connoisseurs to describe the various wine fragrances. And just like wine, coffee beans can reflect flavour depending on their growing terrain, climate aspects and the different roasting methods, which can all produce different flavour profiles ranging from sweet to bitter.
Why use the flavour wheel?
Coffee is one of the most complex products we consume, from a chemical point of view. It can have subtleties of flavour, texture and aroma, with infinite flavours rivalled by no other food or drink. It is the coffee beans’ genetic code and molecular makeup that determines how we experience coffee. Depending on where the bean was grown its genes, processing, drying, milling and roasting all play a part in making up the flavour and taste of our coffee.
Coffee scientists have created a comprehensive list, on the Coffee Tasters Flavour Wheel, by taking 105 coffee samples from 13 countries worldwide. It suggests 110 flavour attributes, describing texture and aroma present in each coffee sample with indications for measuring their intensity.
Each individual flavour is referred to by an actual object so that a roaster may describe both its intensity and type of flavour when they talk coffee. Examples of taste and flavour suggested are sweet, fruity and sour, vanilla, beany and herb-like, to name just a few. The purpose of the Lexicon is to develop our understanding of the quality of coffee, and how it is grown and developed.
So next time you are sipping a cup of coffee pause after each sip, look at the chart and consider the flavour and aroma. Do you detect something pungent, fermented, floral or sour? See which flavour speaks to you! If the coffee doesn’t wake you up, the bright colours on the chart may help too. You can purchase the English version on Coffee Taster’s Flavour Wheel by clicking here.
Single Origin Coffee Beans
Here at The Coffee Wholesalers, we know you will love both the flavour and aroma of our single origin coffee beans. Why not take a look at our current special wholesale offers? For example, you get high-quality coffee beans and if you by 5 kilos of single origin coffee beans, we give you one kilo free. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9278969764709472}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '47223', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:7H4XMNTDQUPC4WO3S5NPZ44KTBIGFH7Z', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:f61885d1-59e7-4c87-a02a-fbcb41b83423>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 12, 9, 2, 15, 15), 'WARC-IP-Address': '5.254.106.154', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:46RBWR5UX3QRCMRRMZ2FFFI5Q2XZQPW2', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:48f280d4-dd8b-4eec-a87c-cf30a00b4bca>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.thecoffeewholesalers.com/coffee-tasters-flavour-wheel/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:71451e59-4291-43a3-8b28-325f353b9049>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '502', 'url': 'https://www.thecoffeewholesalers.com/coffee-tasters-flavour-wheel/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-51\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for December 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-194.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.3503052592277527', 'original_id': 'fd5f22f2a259ddaf29fc83c8c580540935533e42eb5fa6835ab6af92653b0bb9'} |
The Lancaster Corporation
Replacement decision analyzed by using a total analysis of both the old and new machines or by using an incremental analysis that emphasizes the changes in cash flows between the old and the new machines.
PROBLEM
The Lancaster Corporation purchased a piece of equipment three years ago for $250,000. It has an asset depreciation range (ADR) midpoint of eight years. The old equipment can be sold for $97,920.
A new piece of equipment can be purchased for $360,000. It also has an ADR of eight years.
Assume the old and new equipment would provide the following operating gains (or losses) over the next six years.
Year New Equipment Old Equipment
1 $100,000 $36,000
2 86,000 26,000
3 80,000 19,000
4 72,000 18,000
5 62,000 16,000
6 43,000 (9,000)
The firm has a 36 percent tax rate and a 9 percent cost of capital. Should the new equipment be purchased to replace the old equipment? | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'dcec8564fdb1c40e377b13b207bc42cbc723cd9d59855f18ee4da73bed726397'} |
Pros & Cons of Breakwaters
Breakwater with benches in tropical area
••• shihina/iStock/Getty Images
Breakwaters are erosion-control structures that usually run parallel to the shore to protect the shore from the full force of incoming waves. There are two basic types of breakwater: floating and fixed. Breakwaters are intended to protect homes and beaches, but as man-made structures they have some aesthetic and environmental disadvantages.
Advantages of Floating Breakwaters
Floating breakwaters are moored, box-like or pontoon-like structures placed out from the shoreline to break up wave intensity. Floating breakwaters are effective in wave heights of less than 6.5 feet. They are appropriate for use in areas where poor soil conditions make a fixed breakwater unfeasible and are less expensive to install than fixed breakwaters. Floating breakwaters do not interfere with water flow, fish migration or the movement of sediment and can be easily moved or rearranged. Floating breakwaters are also often more aesthetically pleasing than fixed breakwaters.
Disadvantages of Floating Breakwaters
Floating breakwaters are not effective in areas with high or fast-moving waves. In heavy storms these breakwaters are subject to failure, and if they come detached from their moorings they can become a danger. Floating breakwaters have the advantage of being detachable when not in use, but the labor costs to replace the breakwater can be high when compared to a fixed breakwater.
Advantages of Fixed Breakwaters
Fixed breakwaters usually consist of mounded rubble or concrete barriers. These types of breakwaters offer protection from high and fast-moving waves and can still offer protection even if mildly damaged in heavy storms. Stone or rubble dislocated by heavy waves can be easily repaired without having to replace the entire structure. Some aquatic creatures use breakwaters as a habitat, and fixed breakwaters placed with open segments allow free movement of aquatic wildlife.
Disadvantages of Fixed Breakwaters
Fixed breakwaters are semi-permanent structures that require construction by a knowledgeable person with an understanding of the area's wave transmission. Construction costs can be relatively high when compared to floating breakwaters. Breakwaters that are continuous can pose an ecological hazard when placed in wetlands by barring organisms from entering or leaving. Fixed breakwaters are often an eyesore -- an aesthetically displeasing sight on the shoreline.
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Dont Go!
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After 11 years of controversy, the .XXX domain name went on general sale last week. Meant to give pornographic sites a specific home on the internet, it was finally approved earlier this year.
Since the ICM Registry proposed the .XXX generic top-level domain (or gTLD) in 2000, supporters of the idea have gone through a roller-coaster of proposals, rejections, resubmissions, approvals and attacks. Meanwhile, the world has seen unlikely extremes unite to oppose a porn-only domain name, like the Bush administration, conservative groups, free speech advocates and the porn industry itself. Conservative politicians and activist groups were predictably upset at legitmating pornography; the porn industry and free speech advocates opposed the gTLD due to fears of censorship.
Prior to last week, the domain has only been available to limited buys in a "sunrise" period, first to established XXX merchants and then to non-porn companies looking to protect their brand names. This part of the sale has already been a PR disaster. Besides fears of censorship, detrimental legislation or being blocked by a firewall in homes or businesses, most successful porn sites have invested too much in their established .com identities. The .XXX suffix only promises to reduce traffic, while doing little to add anything. Besides being premium real estate, a .com address means that people who wouldn't search for a porn site will find them anyway on accident (like hotmale.com or whitehouse.com, for those who are typo-prone). Why would they want to give that up?
It's also been reported that universities like Kansas and Michigan and corporations like Pepsi and Nike are buying up any .XXX names that could be associated with theirs, so that they won't be sullied by the name or an uncontrolled startup in the future. According to ICM, around 80,000 (of the 200,000 total addresses) .XXX names were bought in this early sunrise period, the majority of which will never be used.
This is what Stuart Lawley, the head of the ICM Registry sponsoring the .XXX gTLD, calls a "one-time block." It's a new arrangement for gTLDs. The .XXX gTLD is supposed to create a "more responsible space," says Lawley. With a special dispensation from ICANN, ICM was able to take these names out of circulation without charging the normal annual fee. Registrants still have to go through the sunrise process and pay ICM a $200 registration fee and have their trademark validated.
Still, critics of the .XXX gTLD see the whole affair as an unfair revenue grab. The Association of National Advertisers and other business groups worry that the proliferation of gTLDs (including .XXX) could lead to a whole new round of domain squatters — unless established businesses preemptively pay up. Manwin Licensing, the operator of Playboy's websites, and Digital Playground, a pornographic movie studio, are suing both ICM Registry and ICANN, claiming ICM is unfairly overcharging (10 times the amount of the .com name) for use of the TLD.
Lawley defended the higher price to Wired, arguing that it paid for the creation of the brand and trademark database and supports antivirus and secure micropayment systems built in to each website. ICM has offered to share its registry data with ICANN to help create a "trademark clearing house" for each new gTLD. Had such a database been in existence before the launch of .XXX, Lawley says, the one-time use registries may have cost only $20.
Even ICM's Lawley, however, is worried that other gTLDs, rolling out beginning in early 2012, may be used by companies seeing more income potential in getting institutions to sign up defensively to pay continued fees.
Meanwhile, on Friday, the Federal Trade Commission sent a letter to ICANN urging them to reconsider the rapid expansion of gTLDs. While it may be clear that an .XXX suffix leads to a pornography site, scammers could still use lookalike URLs to spoof other businesses and elicit personal and financial information.
The FTC's letter warns that a proliferation of new gTLDs, without a corresponding boost to ICANN's compliance office and a complete and accurate whois registry database, could lead to "dramatically increased opportunity for consumer fraud." (ICANN did not immediately return a phone call requesting comment.)
The only justification for new gTLDs, ICM's Lawley says, is if they offer genuine services to customers like .XXX's micropayment and antivirus programs. A domain name like .XXX "offers meaningful differentiation to the consumer," Lawley says. Singapore, for example, a country with very strict web-censorship and a famous list of 100 blocked adult sites, announced this summer that they would not block the .XXX domain because the visual suffix is explicit in labeling the sites as pornographic.
The question is whether a new top-level domain on the open web is the appropriate vehicle to provide these services. Back in 2000, or even in 2004 when the .XXX gTLD was resubmitted, a premium domain name made more sense – it was the primary web currency. But in the age of Google, Tumblr, Facebook and abounding App Stores, this just isn't the case any more.
The .XXX domain seems like it's trying to build the web into something it isn't: a highly regulated safe space.
Additional Writing and Reporting by Tim Carmody | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'e9ce98e0cbe539274186c94014d78bd6d42897eeeb3c55757cbfdcf4bf395fb1'} |
1. Field of the Invention
This invention generally relates to a semiconductor device, and more particularly, to a non-volatile semiconductor memory device and a method of fabricating the same.
2. Background of the Invention
Flash memory is a type of non-volatile memory, which can retain its content without consumption of power and can be written to and erased multiple times. One type of flash memory stores information in an array of floating gate transistors, each of which (called “cell”) generally stores one bit of information. Newer devices, sometimes referred to as multi-level-cell devices, may store more than one bit per cell, by using more than two levels of electrical charge placed on the floating gate of a cell. Multi-level-cell devices may double memory capacity but they may suffer slower reading and write operations.
One type of flash memory is known as nitride read only memory. Nitride read only memory may include an array of nitride read only memory cells for data storage. Each nitride read only memory cell may include a source, a drain and a gate structure formed on a p-type substrate. The gate structure may include a polysilicon layer overlaying an oxide/nitride/oxide (ONO) stacked layer, with the nitride layer serving as charge trapping layer. Each nitride read only memory cell may store one or more bits of data. For example, dual bit memory devices allow storage of two bits of data in a single cell, one bit being stored in the trapping layer proximate to the source region and the other being stored in the trapping layer proximate to the drain region.
In multi-bit memory devices that utilize an ONO stacked layer to store charges, the charge added or removed during programming (i.e., write) and erase operations should be confined to the respective source and drain regions of a cell. However, in reality, as gate length is scaled down below 65 nm, the charges in one of the source and drain regions may overlap with the charges in the other region, thus changing the reading, programming and erase characteristics of the cell over time. Eventually, the overlap of two groups of charges changes the threshold voltages for determining the state of the respective bits in a cell and thus causes unreliable bit sensing.
In addition, a memory with a floating gate structure may encounter the issue of stress-induced leakage current, especially when the memory device shrinks (i.e., the memory has a thinner tunnel oxide film) and when the voltage is applied on the drain terminal of a memory cell. In other words, the memory device may have a leakage path at a weak point on the tunnel oxide film and thus the data is lost through the leakage path. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'c3eff8bb83eea267d40345face81373ba2c95b466d6101c8ac6935bd7d2d1c48'} |
What are Interceptors in Struts 2 and how do they work?
This article is discussing about the Interceptors in Struts 2 and explains how it works? Interceptors are very powerful and important part of Struts 2 and hence need to be understood to deploy Struts 2 framework.
What are Interceptors in Struts 2 and how do they work?
Understanding Struts 2 Interceptors concept is very important in learning the Struts 2. You should have good knowledge of different types of Interceptors in Struts 2. Interceptors performs very important work during pre and post processing of any request sent to the Struts 2 system.
In order to deploy Struts 2, it is very important to understand Interceptors in Struts 2, which are amongst the most important aspects of Struts 2 due to its diversified role in increasing the efficiency of Struts.
What are Interceptors?
To get an in depth understanding of struts 2 interceptors, let us know first, what are interceptors: "Interceptors are basically objects that intercept the Action invocations dynamically and provide the developers with an opportunity specific codes that can be executed before and/or after the execution of an action".
So, the most important feature of interceptors is their ability to execute code before and after an Action is invoked. For this reason, most of the functions of frameworks based on Struts 2 are implemented as Interceptors, which includes functions like double-submit guards, type conversion, object population, validation, file upload, page preparation and much more. Moreover, one of the major features of interceptors in struts 2 that make it even more powerful is, they are "pluggable" and hence the developer or user can decide exactly which features an Action needs to support.
Though, various interceptors come configured by default with struts 2 but depending upon your need custom interceptors can also be created and integrated to the framework. In addition to that, you can also mix and match the interceptors already bundled with the framework.
Once the request is made by the client for an action, the framework calls the action object but before executing the action, interceptors intercepts the invocation and once the action executes the invocation is intercepted again by the interceptors.
However, in some cases, Interceptors may prohibit the execution of action as a result of double submits or validation error. Moreover, Interceptors can also change the state of an Action before executing it.
How does it works?
Interceptors carry out most of the work in Struts 2 framework. Interceptors can invoke logic before processing and after processing an action. At first the object of ActionInvocation is created. It encapsulates all the action and the interceptors, invoking interceptors before calling the action. After action is called, a result is rendered. If there are any interceptors, they are called again in reverse order before the result is generated and shown to the user.
Interceptors can modify the action and can even prevent their execution.
Action is executed using the interceptor by invocation.invoke() call. Whenever invoke() method is called, ActionInvocationexecutes interceptors (if any). After all interceptors have been invoked, invoke() will execute the action.
Interceptors in Struts 2
The above diagram shows how interceptors work:
1. The ServletDispatcher initiates The ActionProxy to invoke the execute() method to which the interceptor intercepts the request before action is executed.
2. The request is intercepted by the Interceptor before (preprocessing) and/or after the action (postprocessing) is executed and completed.
3. After the action is executed, the request is sent to the Result page to render the result and show to the user.
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Reload Image | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '23', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9058681726455688}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '82550', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:COIOMIEXEVFAUIYP25JSWM3KPAQDMHBO', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:b2e60778-2dd9-49ab-9797-1e3a7e896dc0>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 10, 23, 8, 29, 7), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.18.42.5', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:PZV5H2WF57RWBNOBP2DGWG3F7CSYDDNI', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:5a7063b8-ea07-4e0c-b388-338c8605afe2>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.roseindia.net/struts/struts2.3.15.1/What-is-Interceptors-and-how-it-works.shtml', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:af796631-e3eb-45f6-814f-11d679876184>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '666', 'url': 'https://www.roseindia.net/struts/struts2.3.15.1/What-is-Interceptors-and-how-it-works.shtml', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-170-22-195.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-43\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for October 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.0636439323425293', 'original_id': '9adf8b8df5b48ead7cf640e3f66ddfb34f490923d57a5084cd8e051c0757539c'} |
The Four Elemental Kingdoms: Fire, Air, Water, and Earth
elemental kingdoms transparent with banner
The Four Elemental Kingdoms: Fire, Air, Water and Earth
The four groups of people in the Tarot Realm each has their own ideologies, priorities, attitudes and temperaments based on their elemental affiliation.
Ruled by the element of Fire, the Fire Kingdom people (Suit of Wands) are creative, passionate, and driven by their desires. One of the most important things for them in life is freedom–the freedom to do whatever they want and whenever they want. They are defined by their unapologetic attitude, their confidence, their restless and robust energy as well as their passion for life.
Ruled by the element of Air, the Air Kingdom people (Suit of Swords) are rational, academic, and clear-cut in their logic. They are a group of mental powerhouses that value ideas, communication and order. Once they are settled into their perspectives and worldviews, they will not hesitate to defend the things that they consider to be the rightful truths of the world. Because of this, they tend to be very meticulous and highly detail-oriented, and they are very assertive when it comes to their own opinions.
Ruled by the element of Water, the Water Kingdom people (Suit of Cups) are social, sensitive, and deeply intuitive. They are empathetic, considerate and naturally grateful, and they value the relationships and bonds that they forms with others. The Water people are motivated by the things that make them feel; they value the experience and connection that they can make when they undergo events in life. You can say that they are not particularly goal-oriented, nor are they motivated by a “righteous cause”. All they want is to be happy in life.
Ruled by the element of Earth, the Earth Kingdom people (suit of Earth) are practical, dedicated, productive, and extremely goal-oriented. They care about sustainability and securing their position in the world. This is why they value community, tradition, health, economy and reputation so much: these are the things that they consider to be the :”true” currencies in life–currencies that they can physically makes use of. The Earth People will do whatever it takes to create lasting resources and legacies for themselves. Slow and steady wins the race.
Note: My perspective and understanding have slightly shifted since the video was published. In the video, I described the Four Kingdoms as “clans”, which is basically the same idea but I decided to switch from “clans” to “kingdoms” because…well, it sounds cooler and truer to the arhceyptal scopes of tarot elements. 🙂 Also, I described the Wands as highly idealistic, a personality trait that I eventually attributed to the Swords after having an epiphany with the Wands.
Free Worksheet: “Working with the Four Elements in Minor Arcana”
Explore the Tarot Kingdom
Major Arcana The 4 Suits Ace to 10 Court Cards | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.95194411277771}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '73099', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:QZHXS7RB2ONKZSYIO2M7T4CNRSGLEWS5', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:b887734f-2078-41cd-a529-eccc2990b19a>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 10, 23, 7, 55, 52), 'WARC-IP-Address': '192.0.78.24', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:J3KKDLJRTDQVYIUENMOWIELYK7UECVU6', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:81320981-d90e-4338-88d5-e05de9c6c657>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://fablesden.com/the-four-elemental-kingdoms/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:aaaf788c-0f53-4308-bc8b-dd539d91e427>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '461', 'url': 'https://fablesden.com/the-four-elemental-kingdoms/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-232-145-162.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-43\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for October 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.25072282552719116', 'original_id': 'e3c5bb85c9f47a16e751f4a2a2f541e13d8a041c399a7eef8bc430411c186854'} |
Enter multiple symbols separated by commas
The Secret To Changing Careers
It seems like a catch-22: to get a job in a certain function and/ or industry, you need experience doing that job or working in that industry. If you are considering a career change, you don’t have that experience.
So how can you ever change careers?
As a former recruiter who has hired thousands of people, I can attest firsthand to employers’ preference for hiring people with the exact same experience. But as a career changer who has made extreme changes in both function and industry focus, I can also attest firsthand to career changes being possible. The secret to changing careers is to minimize the change in the eyes of your prospective employer.
The reason why employers want people who have done the job is because these experienced people can add value from day one on the job with:
• Relevant skills
• Current contacts
• Up-to-date expertise
If you are a career changer, demonstrate that you can add value from day one on the job by getting the above skills, contacts and expertise in your target new career. So many aspiring career changers talk about how they’d like to learn on the job. Wrong! You should be contributing to your employer, not training on their dime. Some career changers get defensive if their past experience isn’t valued. Get over it! You need to translate the benefit of your past experience to the new employer, not for the employer to figure it out.
A client who was moving from journalism to PR assumed the media overlap was enough to make a career change easy.
But her role as a journalist is not the same as a publicity role, so she still needed to spell out her value:
• How her research and writing skills as a reporter are relevant to PR
• How her media contacts give her an inside track
• How her industry expertise from being on the front lines of media make her an invaluable member of a PR team
She needed to translate her old career to her new career. In doing this, she demonstrated her potential value from day one, minimized the change that she was making, and therefore minimized the risk for the employer who ultimately hired her. The secret to changing careers is to close that gap between your past career and your future target.
Comments? Send them to executivecareers@cnbc.com | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '76', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9695568680763244}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '90956', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:F4ZR7Y5IXE6NI25MON3J7MV35KJOWRVQ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:981a30fa-102f-4c66-b793-652ca026e4cd>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2015, 5, 6, 20, 48, 18), 'WARC-IP-Address': '207.223.6.20', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:366ZYQFQN7RUQSZZLDFSTDCVTGD73ICA', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:34d3d544-5a71-4686-8ccd-daa39966e260>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.cnbc.com/id/42417446?_source=thestreet&par=thestreet', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:b53f5503-76b3-4e72-a385-611322943342>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '480', 'url': 'http://www.cnbc.com/id/42417446?_source=thestreet&par=thestreet', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-235-10-82.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2015-18\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for April 2015\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.13056832551956177', 'original_id': '3f979f2b32df32c2215ab2ab3166346955e2ca4accbb3c0545c6e4e71ba4931c'} |
Q:
Is the following statement is True/false ? ..
Is the following statement is True/false ?
Given that $f_n(x) =(-x)^n $ , $x \in [0,1] $ then $f_n$ converges pointwise everywhere ?
i thinks it will be true same as $f(x) = 0 $ when x =0 ,$f(x) =1$ when
$0 <x \le 1$
Am i right ??
A:
You are not correct. If you define $$f(x)=\begin{cases}0&x\in[0,1)\\1&x=1\end{cases}$$
then $f_n$ converges to $f$ pointwise on $[0,1)$, however, for $x=1$, the sequence $f_n(x)$ becomes $(-1)^n$ which is the sequence $1,-1,1,-1,\dots$, a sequence that does not converge.
| mini_pile | {'original_id': 'd065f075cecdd78b5fa22f15753d619d0a359a55935ad0a332dc6bc1fff6e09e'} |
Official Website
Official Rules
The Rules of Dischoops -- Revision 1.3
Copyright, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2015Frank Huguenard
republication of these rules on the internet or elsewhere
without written authorization is
strictly prohibited
Official Rules of Dischoops, First Edition
The purpose of the rules of Dischoops is to provide a guideline describing the way the game is played.
The enjoyment of Dischoops depends on each player's responsibility to set new standards for style, and this responsibility should not be taken lightly.
1. Introduction
2. Definitions
3. Description of Dischoops Court
4. Equipment
5. Length of Game
6. Time Outs
7. Substitutions
8. Starting and Restarting Play
9. In and Out of Bounds
10. Goal
11. Scoring
12. Turnovers
13. Thrower
14. Marker
15. Receiver
16. Fouls
17. Free Throws
18. Positioning
Appendix 1: Official Scoresheet
Appendix 2:Standard Field Diagram
1. Introduction
1. Description : Dischoops is a sport played by two, eight-player teams (although only four active players per team are permitted to play at any one time). The object of the game is to win. Any time a pass is incomplete, intercepted, knocked-down, or contacts an Out-of-Bounds area, a turnover occurs, resulting in a change of possession of the disc. A Goal is scored when a player successfully throws a pass that either flies through the arched Hoop to a teammate or is carried by a teammate through the air and through the hoop and into in the End Zone. There are no stoppages of play between scores and a game is divided up into two thirty (30) minute halves; which are each split into two fifteen (15) minute quarters.
2. Style of the Game : Dischoops relies upon a respect for style that places the responsibility of brilliance on the player. Highly competitive play is always encouraged, but never at the expense of the Style of the Game, which is paramount and includes compliance to the rules as well as treating fellow players with dignity & kindness. Protection of this one vital element serves to eliminate unpleasantness from the Dischoops Court. Unpleasant behavior such as pouting, tantrums, incessant arguing, goofing on opposing players, dangerous aggression, belligerence and high turnover to assist ratios are contrary to the Style of the Game and should be avoided by all self respecting players.
3. Spirit of the Rules : Dischoops is a competitive venture and there is very little room for the notion of 'Spirit of the Rules'. A requirement of any sport is consistency, measurability and fairness. Participants need to do their best to adhere to the letter of the law, not inferences made based on loose interpretations and urban legends.
4. Captain's Clause : There is no captain's clause in Dischoops, neither is there an Easter Bunny.
2. Definitions
1. Player : A player is any of the 8 individuals from a team actually participating in the game at any one time (four active and four inactive).
2. Team : Any group of up to 8 individuals that constitute a roster.
3. Substitution Lines: The four inactive players from each team form a substitution line for that team.
4. Scorecard : The game results get recorded on a scorecard which is signed by a captain from each team as well as the official scorer. See Appendix I.
5. Referee: The person(s) who manage the game clock, call traveling, double dribble, foul and out of bounds violations and throw the tip off.
6. RefCheck: A method by which the Referee puts the disc in play.
7. Putting the Disc in Play : The disc is put into play in one of two ways:
1. After a turnover that is in the In-Bounds area on the court, when an offensive player picks up a disc, it is in play.
2. Side-Out: After an Out-of-Bounds play or a change of possession penalty, putting the disc in play means that a thrower stands from out of bounds and requests and is granted a RefCheck. A that point the disc in in play (live).
8. Ground Contact: Ground contact refers to all player contact with the ground.
9. Possession of the disc : Possession of the disc is sustained contact with, and control of, a non-spinning disc.
1. To catch a pass is equivalent to establishing possession of that pass.
2. Loss of possession due to ground contact related to a pass reception negates that player’s possession up to that point although ground contact in the goal causing a turnover still results in a score.
3. The team who's player is in possession, who's player just threw the disc or who's players may pick up the disc is considered the team in possession.
10. Pivot : A pivot is the particular part of the body in continuous contact with a single spot on the field during a thrower’s possession. When there is a definitive spot for putting the disc in play, the part of the body in contact with that spot is the pivot.
11. Hoop: The Goal Post is a 32’ section of 3/4" Aluminum shock corded tubing that arches into the air and is anchored with rebar posts, 18 feet apart at the Goal Line
12. The Goal: the area behind the Hoop where scores occur.
13. The Goal Line: The Goal Line is the line in which the disc must pass over, going through the Goal Post and being caught by a player who lands with at least one foot in the End Zone.
14. The Crease: The area just in front of either Goal where it is illegal to play zone defense.
15. Crease Area: the area consisting of both the Goal and the Crease
16. Turnover : A turnover is any event resulting in a change of the team in possession.
17. Attacking Goal: The attacking goal refers to one of the two goals that a team is currently eligible to score in.
18. Defending Goal: The defending goal refers to one of the two goals that the opposing team is eligible to score in.
19. Top Of The Key: The location on the Crease boundary furthest from the Hoop.
20. In The Penalty: A team is In The Penalty when they have exceeded the maximum number of team fouls (4) per half.
21. Free Throws: A method by which scoring attempts are awarded teams that have been been fouled in the Crease Area (determined by either the pivot foot of the thrower or first point of contact by a receiver) or fouled by a team In the Penalty
22. Scorecard: A scorecard is maintained on the field by the Referee to record fouls, scores and disqualifications. At the end of each game, the captain for each team signs the scorecard to make the game officially completed.
23. Misconduct Bench: This seating area is specially assigned for player who have committed infractions that require extraordinary consequences. For red card and yellow card violations, players must sit on the misconduct bench for a mandatory 5 minutes for yellow and 15 for red. It is illegal to smoke or consume any recreational drugs or alcohol while on a mandatory sit down. Violation of this rule carries with it extreme consequences, including but not limited to expulsion from league or tournament play, banishment from club play, etc.
24. Yellow & Red Cards: It is under the discretion of the Referee to call either Minor (Yellow) or Major (Red) conduct violations for any unpleasant behavior by any active or inactive player. A Minor violation results in an immediate stoppage of play and the player in question must be substituted for the duration of the point with the replacement being selected by the opposing coach. *Spiking the disc in and of itself is NOT considered poor sportsmanship and does not draw an automatic misconduct violation. Two Yellow card violations in a single game results in an immediate Ejection. A Red card violation results in an immediate Ejection as well as and either a Red Card or two Yellow cards on any individual results in the forfeit of the current point by the offending team. A yellow card results in one (1) point awarded to the opposing team and a red card violation is a five (5) point award to the opposing team.
25. Delay of Game: a player who picks up the disc and/or moves it intentionally while it is the possession of the other team has committed a delay of game. Inadvertently making a call on the field is also a delay of game penalty. The first delay of game is a warning and a side out with subsequent delay of game penalties awarded 0ne (1) point and a side out.
26. Live Disc: The state where the disc is in play.
27. Disqualification : A disqualification occurs when a player loses his privilege to play in the game either by surpassing the current maximum acceptable fouls in a game, receiving two Yellow cards or receiving one Red card. When a player is disqualified from the current game, he may not reenter it at any point. To do so would disqualify the entire team.
28. Offensive player : An offensive player is any player whose team is in possession of the disc or may pick up the disc.
29. Official Scorer: The designated individual assigned by the tournament director to maintain the scorecard, delineate fouls, yellow and red cards, maintaining the clock, etc.
30. Defensive player : A defensive player is any player whose team is not in possession of the disc.
1. A defensive player may not pick up a disc in play.
2. A defensive player may not call for a pass from the thrower.
31. Throw: A throw is a disc in flight following any throwing motion, including after a fake attempt, that results in loss of contact between the thrower and the disc.
1. A pass is the equivalent of a throw.
2. The act of throwing is the motion of the thrower that transfers momentum from the player to the disc and results in a throw.
32. Auxiliary Disc: An extra disc for each game that is to be used in the event that an Out of Bounds throw is irretrievable within 5 seconds. If the game disc gets cracked or broken, another disc should be used to replace the game disc and not the auxiliary disc.
33. Stoppage of play : A stoppage of play is any halting of play due to a call, or time-out.
1. Play is considered to have stopped when the call or time-out is made
2. The disc is not subject to a turnover.
3. The term "play stops" means a stoppage of play occurs.
3. Description of the Dischoops Court
1. The standard field of play is a rectangular area with dimensions as shown on the accompanying diagram.
2. The standard field of play is a rectangular area 30 yards (~27 meters) wide and 50 yards (~47 meters) long with 10 yards (~3 meter) Three point zones on either end.
3. At the mid point on each two point lines there is a quasi ecliptically area with an 6 yard width and 10 yard length. The half of the qausi-eclipse that lays between the hoop and the other circle is the crease is four yards in length and the half that resides between the hoop and the three point line is the goal and is six yards in length.
4. A post is inserted into the ground to hold up the hoops at the junction of the goal line and the goal area line. The distance between these posts is 6 yards.
5. At midfield is a circular midcourt measuring 2 yards in diameter.
4. Equipment
1. Any flying disc may be used as long as it is acceptable to both team captains. If the captains cannot agree, the current Official Disc of Dischoops is the Wham-O 82e mold.
2. Cleats with any dangerous parts are not allowed. This includes metallic baseball cleats, track spikes, and worn or broken studs with sharp edges.
3. Every player must wear a uniform or other clothing that distinguishes that player from the players on the other team. In tournament play, matching uniforms and numbered jerseys are recommended.
5. Length of Game
1. Games are comprised of two 30 minute halves, with each half divided into two quarters.
1. The Referee is responsible for running the time clock. The clock is halted for stoppages of play that are due to penalties, halftime, timeouts and when the disc goes out of bounds. The clock starts:
1. When the game or second half is started.
2. When an offensive player brings the disc to the sideline and requests and is granted a RefCheck.
2. Halftime occurs when the game clock reaches 30 minutes.
3. Overtime occurs when the score is tied at the end of regulation time of 60 minutes. Teams flip discs to determine who receives possession first and overtimes last 5 minutes. If the score remains tied at the end of the five minute period, more overtime periods shall be played until a winner is determined (with alternating initial possessions).
6. Time-Outs
1. A time-out call stops play and may only be called by the offensive player in possession of the disc.
2. Team Time-out: A standard game has two time-outs per half.
1. Each team is permitted exactly one time-out per overtime. This means that any team time-outs remaining from regulation are discarded and each team is awarded a single team time-out.
2. A player may call a time out in the air, if they are going to land out of bounds, as long as it is called prior to them landing. They may also call a time out if their momentum is carrying them Out-of-Bounds as long as it is prior to ground contact Out-of-Bounds The disc is put into play in this case in the same manner as after a penalty or an Out-of-Bounds disc.
3. Each team time-out lasts 60 seconds.
4. Only the offensive player who has established possession of the disc can call a time-out. The player must form a "T" with one hand and the disc and audibly say "time-out". The time-out begins at the moment the first of these actions is performed.
5. To resume play after a time-out:
1. All offensive players must establish a stationary position by the end of the time-out.
2. Any offensive player may restart play with a RefCheck at the nearest sideline to where the timeout was called.
6. If the team in possession has no has time-outs remaining and a player in possession of the disc signals for a time-out, it is a turnover with the change of possession granted at the nearest Out-of-Bounds with a RefCheck.
3. Injury Time-out: There are no Injury timeouts although etiquette dictates that if team A has possession of the disc and recognizes that team B has a player seriously injured, it is proper appropriate to throw the disc out of bounds. After team B's player has been attended to and helped off the court, one of B's players initiates play from out of bounds and promptly throws the disc away for a turnover so that team A can resume possession.
4. Equipment Time-out: An equipment time-out may be called to replace a broken disc or to correct a hazardous or illegal condition.
1. Any player may briefly extend a stoppage of play (e.g. during a foul or violation stoppage) in order to correct faulty equipment, however, only an offensive player may extend the stoppage for straightening a warped disc. An untied shoe is not considered faulty equipment or a hazardous situation.
2. Active play may never be stopped for this purpose unless a hazardous situation exists. Note that play has not stopped during a turnover except if the disc is Out-of-Bounds.
3. Any player recognizing a hazardous or illegal condition may request an equipment time-out from the Referee.
1. Play stops immediately and there is no continuation. If the disc is in the air, the play is completed and play stops when the team in possession is determined.
2. Only players on the offensive team may call an equipment time-out to replace a game disc. To do, so the disc must be cracked, torn, deeply gouged, creased, or punctured. Warped, wet, or dirty discs do not qualify for an equipment time-out.
4. When play restarts after an equipment time-out;
1. The thrower (any offensive player) restarts play at the nearest Out-of-Bounds spot with a RefCheck with a fresh stall count.
2. Players may set up when restarting play after an equipment time-out.
5. A team erroneously calling an equipment time-out will be charged with a team time-out, and a full time out is granted. If that team is in possession and has no team time-outs available, it is a turnover.
7. Substitutions
1. Substitutions can only be made during stoppages of play.
2. Substitutions must originate from the Substitution Box. The outgoing player must enter into the substitution box prior to the incoming player entering play.
8. Starting and Restarting Play
1. Start of the game:
1. The game begins with a tip-off.
2. A coin (or disc) toss is used to determine initial goal to be defended. Winner of the toss selects goal to defend.
3. Players from each team line up on the half of the field of the goal that they are defending with one player from each team chosen to battle for the tip-off.
4. An inactive player or the official scorer then throws the game disc up between the two chosen to battle.
5. The initial touch of the disc may not be a catch.
6. If either of the two contestants in the tip-off leave the ground prior to the release of the disc, the tip-off is restarted.
7. If the disc hits the ground, it is live and the first team to pick it up and gain control has possession.
8. The initial player to touch the disc may tip it to himself or to a team mate.
9. The second quarter and all subsequent quarters begins with the team who lost the initial tip-off at the start of the game with possession coming in from mid-court on a side out. The teams will defend the opposite goals that they defended when they start the game.
2. The RefCheck
1. When any call or event stops play, a RefCheck is used to restart play.
2. When the situation is resolved, the player determined to be in possession raises a hand to the Referee to request the check.
1. The Referee restarts play by raising an arm to signal the restarting of play. If the thrower attempts a pass before the referee initiates play, the pass does not count regardless of whether it is complete or incomplete, and possession reverts to the thrower.
2. The stall count is reset to zero.
9. In- and Out-of-bounds
1. The entire Dischoops Court is In-Bounds. The perimeter lines are not part of the court, and are out-of-bounds.
2. Any area not In-Bounds is Out-of-Bounds.
3. Any object or player contacting an Out-of-Bounds area is Out-of-Bounds. An airborne player whose last ground contact was with an Out-of-Bounds area is Out-of-Bounds. All Out-of-Bounds objects and Out-of-Bounds offensive players are considered part of the Out-of-Bounds area. The following exceptions apply:
1. In the event that momentum carries a player Out-of-Bounds after gaining possession of an In-Bounds disc and landing In-Bounds, the player is considered Out-of-Bounds.
2. The thrower may not pivot resulting in contact with an Out-of-Bounds area.
3. Contact between players does not confer the state of being In- or Out-of-Bounds from one onto another.
4. A disc becomes In-Bounds when it is put into play, or once play is started or restarted.
5. A disc becomes Out-of-Bounds when it first contacts an Out-of-Bounds area.
6. The disc may fly outside a perimeter line and return to the playing field, and defensive players may go Out-of-Bounds in order to make a play on the disc.
7. To continue play when the disc becomes Out-of-Bounds, a member of the team gaining possession of the disc must carry the disc to, and put the disc into play at, the spot on the playing field proper nearest to where the most recent of the following events occurred:
1. The disc completely crossed the perimeter line.
2. The disc contacted an in-bounds player.
3. The disc contacted a defensive player.
4. The disc became Out-of-Bounds due to contact with an Out-of-Bounds area while the any part of the disc was inside the perimeter line.
8. Events occurring after the disc becomes Out-of-Bounds do not affect where the disc is put into play.
10. Goals
1. There are two goals. They are 30 yards from the opposite Three point line and 20 yards from the opposite goal. They are in the form of a semi-circle that measures 6 yards wide and 6 yards deep. Appendix II.
2. The Hoops are the entrances to the Goals. They are 6 yards wide and form an arch. The disc can never be thrown or carried through the backside of either Goal or it is a turnover. If this occurs, the disc is returned to the nearest sideline to the goal
3. If any portion of the disc is laying on the line, the disc may be picked up from in front of the goal and played from there. If the disc is entirely behind the Goal Line, the disc must be played from within the Goal.
4. The disc must pass through the hoop in order for a catch in the Goal to be considered a Score. The Receiver can jump and catch the disc in the air or reach outside the Goal for the disc and pull it through. As long as the receiver's first ground contact is the Goal and they are not straddling the goal line, it is a Score. If the Receiver’s first contact after catching the disc is the Hoop, there is no score and the play continues. Deflections off the goal are legal. Here is a summary of different scenarios:
player dribbles through the goal -- turnover
player pivots into the goal (foot partly on the goal line is ok) -- turnover
player reaches through the goal with disc (full disc) and then pulls the disc back -- turnover
player reaches through the goal and then throws a score -- ok
player catches the disc for a score and then momentum carries player backwards through goal -- turnover
player catches the disc for a score and while pivoting, reaches the disc backwards through goal -- turnover
player catches the disc for a score and pivots/straddles but keeps disc on goal side of hoop -- turnover
player catches the disc straddling the goal line -- turnover
player catches the disc and lands on goal line with one foot, the other foot in the goal -- turnover (same as straddle)
player air brushes, tips or bobbles the disc across the goal line -- turnover
player catches the disc with both feet in the goal but disc never crosses the plane of the hoop -- ok but can't pivot across the line
5. It is illegal to goal tend. Goal tending means that in order for a player to be loitering in the goal or in the crease, they must be within 3 meters (9' 10") of any offensive player. If the offensive player vacates the area, the defender has 1 second to clear out or to guard another offensive player who may be entering the space. Violation of this rule is considered Illegal Defense and if this defender touches the disc while in the act of Illegal Defense, it is an automatic score for the offense. It is legal to play with one foot in the Goal or Crease and on foot outside of the both the Goal and Crease. If a player *was* illegal but by the time he touches the disc, there is an offensive player within 9'10", then there is no penalty.
6. The crease mirrors the goal and extends out 4 meters in front of the Goal and curves around to where the Goal's semi-circle ends.
7. A pass that is thrown for a score with both the thrower's feet from beyond two point line counts for two points.
11. Scoring
1. In order to Score, a Thrower must throw a disc that either flies through or is carried through the Hoop as long as the Receiver's first contact after catching the disc is in the Goal and the Receiver is in the Goal with the disc. The goal does not count if the Receiver straddles any part of the Goal line. It is a Goal if the disc hits any part of the Goal Hoop prior to or after the Receiver catching it. If a Defender deflects a pass and it continues though the Goal, and the Receiver in the End Zone catches the disc, it is a Score.
2. In order for the Receiver to be considered in the Goal after gaining possession of the disc, their first point of contact with the ground must be completely in the End Zone. If the Receiver is in the End Zone and reaches through the back of the Goal to make a catch it is a Score, given that the receiver is able to pull the disc through the Goal prior to taking another step.
3. A player can not Score by dribbling the disc directly through the Goal and to do so is a turnover (side out).
4. Should a Receiver's momentum carry them into the End Zone after gaining possession, ot should the player pivot into the End Zone, the result is a turnover (sideout).
5. After a score, play is continuous. The team that scores maintains possession. The offense may now work the disc back to the Opposite Goal (which is now their attacking Goal) for another score. The disc can not pass (either by flight or momentum) through the back of the Goal or it is a turnover (with the disc being played at the nearest sideline to where the turnover occurred to be played by the opposing team).
6. If a score is thrown from behind the opposite two point line, two points are awarded.
7. A thrower may break the plane of the Goal to throw a score. However, if a player breaks the plane of the goal and then brings the disc back through and thereby crosses the plane backwards, it is illegal and a turnover occurs.
8. A receiver may be standing in the Goal and catch the disc in front of the Goal and pull the disc through or break the line of the Goal to complete a Score.
9. If a Receiver catches the disc and drops it when the contacting the ground, the Score counts as long as the first point of contact was in the Goal and possession was determined. Possession then reverts to the opposing team.
10. If the Receiver catches the disc for a score but his momentum carries him over the goal line (through the hoop backwards), the score counts but the play results in a change of possession (side out).
11. A thrower may throw to himself for a score but in this case, the thrower may not travel through the hoop during the flight of the disc and must therefore travel around it. Additionally, the throw must be released outside of the '*Free Thoe Line', a perimeter line 18 inches outside of the crease. If a thrower does throw to themselves for score, the stall count is reset to zero and the thrower is awarded a fresh dribble.
12. A pass to one's self from within the free-thoe line or the crease and caught is a turnover and a side out.
13. It is legal to throw a score on a side-out throw.
*In honor of Allen Thoe
12. Turnovers
1. An incomplete, intercepted, or knocked down pass, or a pass in which the disc becomes Out-of-Bounds, results in a change of the team in possession. If a disc in play is dropped by the thrower without defensive interference, and it contacts the ground before the thrower regains possession, it is considered an incomplete pass.
2. A disc that is stationary after a turnover and is touched by an offensive player is live. This means that the stall count is initiated as soon as an offensive player touches a stationary disc and also, the defense can pick up a disc once it is live.
3. A pass is considered intercepted if a defensive player catches a pass.
4. If a defensive player catches a pass and accidentally loses possession of it before or during ground contact related to that catch, possession then reverts back to the original team on offense.
5. The following actions result in a change of the team in possession and a stoppage of play:
1. The Referee's stall count reaches the 5.
2. The disc is handed from player to player.
3. The thrower commits a traveling violation.
4. An offensive player commits a foul.
5. Yellow or Red Card Violations on Offensive players
6. If the disc is thrown though the backside of the Goal Post.
7. Pivoting into the Goal or pivoting Out of Bounds.
8. Not picking an In-Bounds disc up within 5 seconds after an incompletion
9. Not putting an Out-of-Bounds disc in play within 10 seconds
10. A receiver's momentum carries a receiver backwards through a goal or Out-of-Bounds.
11. The thrower calls a team time-out when none remain.
12. A player's movement is intentionally assisted by a teammate in catching or blocking a pass. If a defender assists a teammate, the intended receiver retains possession.
13. The Thrower : The thrower is the offensive player in possession of the disc.
1. If the disc is on the ground, whether In- or Out-of-Bounds, any member of the team becoming offense may take possession of the disc. The offense must do so within five seconds after the previous turned over disc has come to a complete stop. If the disc ended up Out of Bounds, the offense has 10 seconds to get the disc in play.
1. If possession is gained at the spot where the disc is to be put into play, the thrower's pivot is established the moment the disc is picked up.
2. Once an Offensive player has picked up the disc, that player is required to put the disc into play. The stall count is initiated at the moment of possession.
2. The thrower has the right to pivot in any direction but may not pivot into the goal through the hoop or pivot Out-of-Bounds. However, once the marker has established a legitimate stationary position, the thrower may not pivot into the marker’s body. To do so would be a charging violation.
3. The thrower may throw the disc in any manner and in any direction, as long as the disc does not go through either Hoop backwards (i.e. towards the center of the court) or through the defending goal frontward's.
4. Once a thrower has established a pivot foot, it is legal for that player to jump in order throw a pass but if the disc is still in the thrower's possession upon re-contact with the ground, a traveling violation occurs.
5. A thrower is permitted to throw to themselves.
1. The Stall count does not get reset between throws.
2. A thrower may throw to himself for a score but in this case, the thrower may not travel through the hoop during the flight of the disc and must therefore travel around it. If a thrower does throw to themselves for score, the stall count is reset to zero and they are awarded a fresh dribble (i.e. even if they had 'picked up the dribble' previously, they can again throw to themselves).
3. Once a thrower throws to themselves, if they then hold on to the disc with both hands simultaneously they are then disqualified to throw to themselves again. To do so is considered "double-dribbling" and results in a turnover. The only exception to this is a self score (i.e. a player may 'pick up the dribble' but still legally throw to themselves for a score).
4. The thrower may not throw to themselves on a side-out throw.
6. Traveling: While the disc is in the thrower's hands, the thrower must establish a pivot at the appropriate spot on the field and may not change that pivot. Failure to do so is a travel and results in an immediate turnover . The penalty for a travel call is a turnover. The disk shall be put back in play at the nearest sideline with a sideout.
1. The thrower must keep all or part of the pivot in contact with a single spot on the field. If the thrower loses contact with the appropriate spot, the thrower has traveled.
2. Whenever a pivot spot is defined in the rules and the thrower fails to establish contact with that spot, the thrower has traveled.
3. If less than three steps are taken prior to the release of the disc, it is legal for a player to speed up or change direction, but once having done so, has established the current pivot foot the acceleration occurred on as the pivot. Lifting that pivot foot prior to a throw is considered traveling.
4. If a player obviously takes more steps than are required to stop after catching a pass and before establishing a pivot, that player has traveled. A player is limited to a maximum of three steps to establish a pivot foot.
5. If an offensive player after receiving a pass on the run, releases a pass after the third ground contact and before coming to a complete stop, that player has traveled.
a) A complete stop is defined as a discernable and momentary stop in momentum. If a thrower takes three or more steps and is winding up to throw the disc and never halts the throwing motion, the thrower never came to a complete stop and therefore has traveled.
6. Exceptions:
1. It is not a travel in the case where the thrower has just received a pass and is throwing before the third ground contact in accordance with XV.D.
2. Jump passes are legal as long as the thrower has established a pivot.
14. The Marker: Any defensive player(s) may guard the thrower at any time; that player or players is the marker(s).
1. The Marker(s) may not straddle, i.e., place their foot on either side of, the pivot foot of the Thrower.
2. The player who initiates the contact between thrower and marker has committed the foul.
3. Any defender may touch the disc while it is in the Thrower's possession although they are not allowed to forcibly wrest the disc from the Thrower's hand (to do so is a foul).
4. The marker may not touch the disc unless it is live (i.e. they cannot touch the disc on a side-out).
5. Stalling: The thrower is allowed five seconds of possession in order to release a throw.
1. The stalling gets counted by the Referee beginning with the word three after a period of three seconds of possession has passed.
2. The count consists of the Referee counting from one to five loudly enough for the other Referee to hear.
1. All intervals between the beginning of one word and the beginning of the next are to be a minimum of one second.
3. The opposing team's Players in the Substitution Line have the ability to contest or agree with the stall or whether or not the stall count is too fast.
4. If the thrower has not released the disc at the first utterance of the word "Five", it is a turnover. The Referee loudly announces "Stall" and play stops with the restart happening at the nearest Out-of-Bounds.
5. Any time the stall count is interrupted by the call of a time-out, the count restarts at 0.
15. Receiver : Any offensive player in the act of catching the disc.
1. Bobbling to gain control of the disc is permitted, and purposeful, controlled bobbling to oneself (i. e., tipping, delaying, guiding, or brushing) in order to advance the disc in any direction is also legal.
2. No player may intentionally assist a teammate's movement in order to affect a reception or turnover. To do so results in a loss of possession for that team with the disc put back in play at the nearest sideline.
3. After catching a pass, the receiver is only allowed the fewest number of steps required to come to a stop and establish a pivot and no more than three steps total. (a fourth step may be required and is allowed to achieve balance but the third step would considered the pivot in this case).
4. If the receiver is running while catching the disc, the receiver may throw a pass before the third ground contact after catching the disc without attempting to stop. However, changing direction or increasing speed while in possession of the disc is a travel except if a point of contact with the ground (pivot) is maintained while the change of direction occurred and the throw is released prior to that pivot being lifted.
5. If the disc is caught simultaneously by offensive and defensive players, whoever comes down with the disc retains possession.
6. If a pass arrives in such a manner that it is unclear whether a catch was made before the disc contacted the ground (grass is considered part of the ground), the Referee makes the call.
7. If a receiver falls down, dives or slides to make a catch (even if on defense), he must throw from that position and may not get up until after the disc is thrown. At a minimum, a player must leave at least one knee touching the ground.
8. If it is ever unclear whether a receiver was In- or Out-of-Bounds or in the Goal or not, at the point of making a catch, the Referee makes the call.
9. Force-Out Foul: If an airborne player catches the disc, is contacted by a opposing player before landing, and that contact caused the player in possession to land Out-of-Bounds instead of landing In-Bounds (and realistically being able to stay In-Bounds), the Referee may call a foul on the offending player at the spot of the foul. If this foul occurs in the end zone being attacked, and results in the player landing outside the end zone, and the call is uncontested, a goal is awarded.
1. Fouls can not be unilaterally called by any one player on the field. However, if one player calls a foul on another, and the other agrees with the call, then play halts and the foul is enforced. Alternatively, if an on-field player makes a foul call and the call is upheld by the player at the head of the opposing team's sub line, the foul is also enforced.
2. In general, whenever a foul or violation occurs that stops play, if there isn't a Free Throw, players may resume any position prior to restarting the disc with a sideout.
3. The player initiating contact is guilty of a Foul.
4. A foul on the offensive team results in an immediate turnover and side-out.
5. If a dispute arises concerning a foul, violation, or the outcome of a play (e.g., a catch where no one had a good perspective), and the Referee cannot come to a satisfactory resolution, play continues.
6. Whenever there is an infringement of the rules, play stops. Play restarts with either a free throw or the disc at the nearest sideline from where play stopped.
7. Strip: There is no such thing as a strip in Dischoops . The disc is considered fair game and any contact between the defender and the disc is legal. It is illegal however, to grab on to the disc while it is in the thrower's hands. If this occurs, it is considered a foul on the violator.
8. A rolling or sliding disc may be stopped by any player, but advancing it in any direction is considered cause for a delay of game penalty and possible yellow card violation.
9. If a foul or violation occurs which has no effect on continued play, (e.g., A violation away from the play), play stops, the result of the play stands, and play is restarted from the nearest sideline with a RefCheck.
10. If offsetting infractions are called on offensive and defensive players on the same play, the disc reverts to the offense from the nearest sideline with a RefCheck.
11. Picks
1. Picks are legal as long as no one intentionally fouls during the process.
2. Moving Picks are illegal. i.e. if a player intentionally moves in such a manner to cause a defender to be obstructed on purpose without being set, then it is a moving foul which is illegal. In order for a pick to be considered legal, if a player intends to purposefully obstruct a defender, he must be set with both feet firmly on the ground and be positioned there long enough to be discernibly stopped.
12. Fouling Out: When a player commits his fourth foul in one game, he is eliminated from the list of active and available players listed on the scorecard for his team's roster. Play comes to a halt as he will need to be replaced by another player. If a team only has four eligible players in this instance, they must play a player down.
13. Team Fouls: A team is limited to 4 team fouls per half before entering into the penalty situation. Fouls incurred after a team is 'in the penalty' (5 fouls or more) immediately results in a free throw attempt awarded to the team that was fouled.
14. Blocking Fouls
1. A blocking foul occurs when a defensive player's route takes him to a location where inevitable contact occurs between himself and the thrower and this defender is in motion when the contact occurs. In order for a defensive player to not be called for a blocking foul, they must have both feet planted and be in a set stationary position prior to contact with the offensive player.
2. A player may move in a manner solely to prevent an opponent from taking an unoccupied position via an unoccupied path as long as the player can secure the position prior to the opponent.
3. Players may take a position that is unavoidable by a moving opponent when time, distance, and line of sight are taken into account as long as there is enough room for the opponent to take three steps before the collision. Contact resulting from a player taking an unavoidable position is a foul on the out of control player (i.e. the difference between a blocking foul and a charge in basketball).
15. Charging Fouls
1. A charging foul occurs when an offensive player's route takes him to a location where inevitable contact occurs between himself and the thrower and the defender is stationary when the contact occurs. In order for an offensive player to not be called for a charge, the defensive player involved with the contact must me in motion when the contact occurs. A receiver, upon completion of catching the disk and beyond the third ground contact, who initiates contact with a set defensive player is guilty of a charge.
16. Receiving Fouls
1. Receiving Fouls may be called when there is contact between opposing players in the process of attempting a catch, interception, or knock down. A certain amount of incidental contact during or immediately after the catching attempt is often unavoidable and is often not a Foul.
2. A receiving foul in the crease area is grounds for a free throw awarded.
3. If a player contacts an opponent before or after the disc arrives, that player has committed a Foul.
4. Dangerous, aggressive behavior or reckless disregard for the safety of fellow players is a Foul.
17. Throwing Fouls
1. A Throwing Foul may be called when there is contact between the Thrower and the Marker and the call may be made on either player.
2. The marker may hit the disc in an attempt to block the throw while the disc is still in the thrower's hand.. The thrower's hand is considered part of the disc.
3. Contact occurring during the follow through, which is after the disc has been released, is sufficient grounds for a Foul.
4. When a Foul is committed by a Thrower or the Marker, play stops. If the foul was on offense, the result is a turnover. In either event, the player who committed the foul must sub out of the game before the disc resumes play from the nearest sideline.
5. If the Thrower is fouled in the act of throwing a pass, and the pass is completed, the Fouling player is still called for the foul and forced to sub out of the game immediately and the throw reverts back to the nearest sideline from where the foul occurred (unless the foul occurred while the thrower's pivot foot was in the Crease Area in which case a free throw is awarded. If the throw was caught for a score, the score counts.
6. If an offensive player who's pivot foot is outside the crease area is fouled while successfully scoring, the score counts and that player's team is also awarded possession at the nearest sideline.
7. Although it should be avoided whenever possible, incidental contact occurring during the follow-through (after the disc has been released) is not sufficient grounds for a foul, unless the contact constitutes harmful endangerment.
1. Free Throws
2. Free Throws are awarded if:
1. An offensive player is fouled in the crease area in their attacking goal (or)
2. An offensive player is fouled in the act of attempting to throw a goal.
3. A player on either defense or offense is fouled by a member of a team that is already In The Penalty.
3. And-1: If an offensive player who is in the crease or attempting to score and is fouled while successfully scoring, the score counts and they are also awarded a free throw.
4. Any fouls occurring during a free throw can result in further awarded free throws.
5. When Free Throws are awarded to a team:
1. The player fouled must place a portion of both feet at the top of the key and must keep at least on pivot foot on the line until a throw is made. The disc is placed at his feet on the ground.
2. The defensive team selects a goalie from the three remaining players (not including the replacement player for the perpetrator of the foul). The goalie places both heels on the goal line.
3. The offensive team selects one of their three remaining players to be the receiver and this receiver must put a portion of both feet on the back of the goal line.
4. All five other players must stand outside of the crease area and on the crease side of the goal line. Upon a RefCheck, the thrower may pick up the disc to initiate the play; both defender and receiver are allowed to begin movement and the thrower then has three seconds in which to make a throw.
5. If the thrower fails to get off a throw within this time limit, the disc is awarded to the offensive team at the nearest sideline.
1. This does not count as an official stoppage of play and therefore no substitutions can be made at this time (i.e. the perpetrator of the foul may not re-enter the game at this point).
6. If the thrower does successfully get off a throw in the allotted time, the disc is then live. After the three seconds is up, any of the remaining five players may also enter the crease area.
6. After the free throw, play resumes in the normal manor.
7. Positioning
1. Every player is entitled to occupy any position on the field not occupied by an opposing player, unless specifically over-ridden elsewhere.
2. A player who jumped is entitled to land at the same spot without hindrance by opponents. That player may also land at another spot provided the landing spot was not already occupied at the time of take-off and that the direct path between the take-off and landing spot was not already occupied.
Appendix 1: Official Scoresheet
Appendix 2: Standard Field Diagram
Original HTML Version by Frank Huguenard, 4 November 2005.
Latest Rev. 5 July 2015 | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '37', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9617265462875366}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '81778', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:VAMMWWQQ6NCAN5IPQNNDPQFKHFIIW2Z7', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:082c38b3-0d07-4c3a-81be-81d8cdd74222>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 4, 20, 12, 33, 19), 'WARC-IP-Address': '146.66.65.13', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:DN2G2WMCMUQSLUAVV4Z7IVHDCJN6QJ4T', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:45adb233-4f3f-423b-b753-25c058ae6250>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.dischoops.com/index.php/official-rules', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:c7ba40e2-dbcb-4dd3-b320-380c7243f93b>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '8079', 'url': 'http://www.dischoops.com/index.php/official-rules', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-18\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for April 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-97-181-44.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.35274678468704224', 'original_id': '224dc711cef8b8358f6d30acf8395e6ccdb30049dd5505eca7b7e8a2252295a6'} |
Q:
How not to extract text when using \includesvg?
When using the includesvg macro that is provided by the svg package to include an svg image, all "text components" of the image (see the manual) are separated into a pdf_tex file (which is basically a tex file), while the rest of the image is converted into a pdf file.
Then the includesvg macro somehow merges the pdf file and the pdf_tex file at the place where the svg is included in the document, but the result of this isn't always that great, since when the text components are extracted from the svg files, the different font sizes of the different text components are lost and they will all get the same font size in the document they are included in.
So my question is: Is there any way when using the includesvg macro not to extract the text components into a pdf_tex file, but put it in the pdf file that is generated, in order to preserve the original appearance of the text?
I do realize that it is possible to manually open the svg file in Inkscape and save it as a pdf without using the PDF+LaTeX option and then include the pdf using the graphicx package, but I was looking for a way in which includesvg could do this work for you.
A:
Use the inkscapelatex=false option.
Behind the scenes, includesvg uses Inkscape's --export-latex option, which causes inkscape to generate a PDF without texts, and a LaTex snippet containing all texts, to be included in the document. This allows to put formulae in the SVG, and have them rendered by LaTex on top of the graphics. inkscapelatex=false disables this, causing the texts (and fonts, if i remember correctly) to be included int the PDF export.
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '254e780d704b640783524b128d9f41bf321b913d63a234e8c2b454244f99c912'} |
Pages
16 February 2015
5 Drinks That Totally Screw With Your Libido
You’re on a first date with a mild case of the jitters — that’s natural — so you order a glass of red wine along with dinner to loosen up a little bit. And that drink probably makes you feel more uninhibited — at first. But after you order a second glass (and then a third … and then a fourth), don’t be surprised if, a few hours later, you find yourself too sluggish for romance.
That’s because we know that drinking too much alcohol can inhibit your sex drive, affecting erectile function and the ability to orgasm.So what about ordering a virgin cocktail instead? Or a cup of coffee for dessert? Even if you avoid booze, you may still not be in the clear. To break it down for you, we’ve dug into the latest research to reveal the beverages that boost your libido as well as the ones that suppress it so you’ll know what to order come date night.
1. Apple CiderThese rosy red fruits have a pretty sexy timeline of history: Eve from the Garden of Eden couldn’t resist taking a bite out of this forbidden fruit. Ancient Romans loved the juicy, red fruit (and they were known for some pretty crazy sexual rendezvous). And besides their anti-aging, cancer-curbing, immune system-boosting properties, apples also turn out to be quite a fruit boost for the bedroom.
The Verdict: With fall, there’s a brisk breeze to the air and a natural craving to warm up with a cup of steaming hot apple cider. For an intoxicating date night drink, heat up some hot apple cider, and add a spoonful of cinnamon (a proven aphrodisiac for men) and a few clove sticks (another spicy, sexy stimulant).
2. SodaThat diet soda from the vending machine is doing more harm than good. According to a study published in The New England Journal of Medicine, researchers found that chugging these artificially sweetened drinks can cause dental cavities, diabetes, obesity and bone loss … not sexy.
The Verdict: Step away from the soda! If you’re opting for diet sodas, chances are you’re consuming an artificial sweetener called aspartame. This sugar substitute is notorious for causing headaches and low libido (making the excuse “Not tonight, I have a headache” all the more likely). Still craving something sweet? Add small drops of honey to your drink — the golden nectar is a natural aphrodisiac that supports the production of estrogen and testosterone, stoking desire in men and women!
3. Ginseng Tea… which leads us to the lesser-known “G” spot: ginseng! The natural properties in this herb make it a surprisingly potent aphrodisiac. Researchers at the University of Hawaii found that women who took a ginseng supplement significantly upped their libido in a month. Similarly, a South Korean study found that the herbal remedy can help men combat erectile dysfunction.
The Verdict: Just think of ginseng as a natural alternative to Viagara — for you and your man. Boil a pot of ginseng tea over the stove and squeeze a lemon wedge or some drops of honey in for sweetness. And ginseng has also been touted as a protector against cold-weather colds, so you can be sure he’ll be back for date number two!
4. Gin And TonicIf your guy has been less than interested in you after hours, his go-to date night drink just might be the culprit. This seemingly innocent cocktail is the ultimate mood-killer in a glass because of two main ingredients: One being gin, which like any alcohol, can inhibit your sex drive. And the other being quinine, the flavoring in tonic water, which is believed to lower testosterone levels according to research conducted by Germany’s Institute of Reproductive Medicine.
5. Hot ChocolateIt’s no secret mojo: Cocoa beans have been putting people in the mood for hundreds of years. In fact, a study from the Journal of Sexual Medicine found that women who ate chocolate every day reported higher sexual function scores than those who didn’t.
The Verdict: This reason (besides being delish) makes hot cocoa the date night drink, especially on a chilly fall evening. After dinner, heat up a pair of decadent hot chocolates and cuddle up together in front of a toasty fire. For a sexier version, add a dash of chili pepper (another secret aphrodisiac) for a potent, thick mug of Mexican hot chocolate. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '26e2fb29f95bd08eb7128d1b4b4cdc00618e7385c8c903d7b5769dffd1b2f9d6'} |
John Edwards
Lead Engineer
Email me
John Edwards joined thatgamecompany at its inception as Lead Engineer. John has been playing and making games with a close group of friends and neighbors since he shot his first virtual duck on a Sega Master System. Never letting inexperience or technical ineptitude get in his way, John gradually honed his gamemaking abilities, bringing his designs to life with pencil and paper, the TI83 calculator and eventually C++ on the PC.
As part of Pistachio Productions, John created two IGF Student Showcase winners (Mutton Mayhem and Ocular Ink) while studying physics at a small college in Iowa. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9673578143119812}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '16708', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:LKZ224WWKJYWNLHVM4V43FU6RT5G7AOY', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:388c971d-7632-4a93-971d-ab31b65ad368>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2015, 3, 1, 4, 25, 47), 'WARC-IP-Address': '67.210.110.72', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:7XGVOT6N2VSECFFT7FBBRH7L75WLMLEV', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:e0b9edea-5888-4f8c-b962-2c4e930e6516>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://thatgamecompany.com/company/people/john-edwards/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:66cc967a-904d-43e2-b94e-68346cab902c>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '102', 'url': 'http://thatgamecompany.com/company/people/john-edwards/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2015-11\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for February 2015\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.021354973316192627', 'original_id': '1bca46aa4cc2ec89573ecf53d1ebb44911c49d00de35ce53bd1703d076cca871'} |
Monday, 5 December 2016
Communicating with Zeze has been difficult - the mobile phone signal is generally poor, particularly in the rainy season and so Benedicto would have to go 40 km into Kasulu to send emails and Skype. But in May 2016 Avanti, set up a pilot Community Hotspot in Zeze providing satellite broadband in the village, courtesy of a grant from the UK Space Agency.
This has meant that MVG are now able to communicate with the outside world. They are monitoring climate change and water levels in a research project with Kings College, London, and can now email data without having to travel. They have also been able to download resources to teach the illiterate women starting to learn to read in the community library, as well as e-books for the children.
Unemployment is high in Zeze - there are very few opportunities other than the subsistence farming that is insufficient to provide an adequate income. But when the schools need new desks they currently get carpenters in from Kasulu, as there are none with adequate tools or skills in Zeze. So MVG is setting up a welding and carpentry workshop to train local youth and provide these services locally. Getting equipment to a village 60km from a tarmac road and 40km from mains electricity is a slow process, particularly in the rainy season when everything turns to mud, but the workshop is built, the instructors in place and the youth identified, and excited to start learning in the New Year.
One of the issues with farming here is that soils aredepleted and farmers cannot afford good seeds or organic fertilisers. So MVG have set up a farmer training and loan scheme to help them. The first 31 farmers planted their hybrid maize last week after great rejoicing that the rains had finally arrived, 2 months late. Another issue is access to water. So far MVG have hand drilled 5 bore holes, including at the clinic, which did not have water. This is a slow, hard, process, taking up to 6 days of hard physical labour for 7 men. But it saves hours of walking to collect water for the villagers, and means they don't rely on the filthy ponds some of them resorted to previously.
They've got big plans to improve their community here, and money goes a very long way, so if you are able to donate it is very much appreciated and you can do so here. Asante!
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About Me
Passionate about e-learning and its power to transform educational opportunities across the world. Interested in developing interactive and mobile technologies to facilitate collaboration and achievement. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '629ec1135c14cd40e901e1ca374dc181d727def56a0d701ce33236ec97bef3d3'} |
New York considers Weed for Rails marijuana tax to fix ailing subway
ES News Email New York is considering using taxes from legalised marijuana to pay for multi-billion-dollar upgrades to its ailing public transport network. Mayor Bill de Blasio has signalled an interest in the “Weed for Rails” plan, drawn up by a former city council speaker. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '06f9c0fbc9a1f19112bdc6a1d5181e61969827ed5606700c6af78ad1f7a65472'} |
William Doc Lausche
National Cleveland Style Polka Hall of Fame and Museum
605 East 222nd Street
Euclid, OH 44123
E-mail: Polkashop@aol.com
Phone: 216-261-3263
Toll Free: 1-800-66POLKA
Fax: 216-261-4134
A dentist by profession, Dr. William J. "Doc" Lausche was active for nearly sixty years in the music field. Dr. Lausche was a brilliant composer and arranger; played the piano proficiently; produced and directed recordings on national labels; taught and rehearsed some of the most famous Cleveland-Style Polka artists; coached singing groups; and was active outside of purely ethnic circles in Cleveland's cultural community.
An accomplished musician, "Doc" Lausche enthusiastically embraced a wide range of musical genres. While playing the piano within the Slovenian polka idiom, he often incorporated the influences of jazz, ragtime, Broadway, and classical music, thereby enriching and extending the musical horizons of those around him. Dr. Lausche founded the DENTAL ORCHESTRA OF CLEVELAND and personally organized the "March of Dimes" Spectacular in the 1930s.
Dr. Lausche was one of the first American-Slovenian recording artists, producing records beginning in 1919, and he appeared on the first Slovenian radio program on WJAY in1929. A pioneer in commercially recorded Slovenian music, "Doc" would travel to New York City where he hired and directed studio musicians, including accordion virtuoso Charles Magnante, to play his orchestral arrangements in the studios of the Victor Talking Machine Company, the Columbia Grammaphone Company, and Continental Records. During his career, Dr. Lausche recorded 68 selections and made countless transcriptions for radio.
Dedicated to the preservation of authentic Slovenian music and its distinctive melodic character, Dr. Lausche's adaptations of Slovenian folk songs as well as his many original compositions reflected his faith in the virtue of melody. "Doc" originated, arranged, or adapted more Slovenian Cleveland-Style music than any other individual, contributing heavily to the repertoires of Frank Yankovic, the Pecon/Trebar Orchestra, Kenny Bass, and Eddie Habat. His music remains a major source of material for Cleveland-Style Polka orchestras, singing groups, and Button-Box performers everywhere. His major Cleveland-Style hits include "Cleveland the Polka Town", "I've Got a Date with Molly", "Sondra", "The Girl I Left Behind", and "Bluebonnet Polka" (also known as "Doc's Polka").
"Doc" Lausche personally tutored Johnny Pecon, Lou Trebar, and other musicians, exerting a strong influence in the cultivation of greater sophistication and skill. In the opinion of many veteran Cleveland-Style musicians, Dr. Lausche achieved the highest level of musical quality and sophistication among Slovenian composers and arrangers, a standard which, to this day, remains unsurpassed.
"Doc" Lausche's high profile and educated, professional approach had a direct and positive impact on both the image and substance of Cleveland-Style music. It is easy to follow a path already paved. In providing a foundation for Cleveland-Style music, Dr. Lausche created that path.
Inducted in 1989
National Cleveland Style Polka Hall of Fame
Lifetime Achievement Award Recipient
1898 - 1967
Lifetime Achievement
Tony Petkovsek Award
Awards Shows
All Time Hit Songs
Past Winners
Polka Jukebox
Gift Shop | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '12', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9082411527633668}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '23980', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:57HUW5BHL3CBJU5VIE2KHQVNRZRUFXDR', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:eac7ee12-3f25-4027-82d2-d4c5e88e2002>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 9, 21, 14, 4, 13), 'WARC-IP-Address': '143.95.237.59', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:I4K53L4IZZ47QKAPYAPYR4237BZC2ZOG', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:87bbd9a8-f102-41c9-b3b5-aec40e52b070>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://clevelandstyle.com/william~lausche.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:a345b23d-e3e7-4112-a48e-4b7be6b6692b>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '506', 'url': 'http://clevelandstyle.com/william~lausche.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-236-49-209.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-39\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.019383609294891357', 'original_id': 'fe01d09fc020424d43c398d58220e81703cf3b192a475769928deb9b3011ffa5'} |
Call 1 425-419-1225
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Snoring information
Covers all the basic information you will need to understand the causes of snoring as well as some helpful advice on how to deal with snoring and the effects it has on your life.
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Snoring treatments
Can’t get a good night’s sleep because of snoring? There are plenty of snoring treatments that will help you or your loved one sleep soundly through the night and finally get that much needed rest.
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Snoring product reviews
Comprehensive reviews of all the newest products and anti snoring devices as they hit the market. Want to know if a new anti snoring mouthpiece is worth your time? You can find out all the info you need here.
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Snoring news
All the newest articles and news reports about snoring can be found here. Follow and track any new advances or discoveries on the subject as they happen, all in one place.
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Welcome to
Snoring affects everybody. There is no set demographic of people who you can pinpoint as suffering from snoring, anybody can snore and everybody does snore. BBC News reported that a recent study showed 40% of people over the age of 40 snore while 59% of people say their partner snores.
921618_29271794Snoring can have a debilitating effect on your life and the lives of your loved ones. Your body requires a solid night of sleep in order to operate at its highest potential, and every day that it doesn’t get that rest it slows down. Some people aren’t even aware that they snore; they just know that they’re never fully rested and that they start to anger easily because of it. It’s not just your personal life that can be wrecked by snoring; your health may also be at risk if your snoring is an underlying cause of a more serious issue.
There are treatments available, both at home and at the doctor’s, which can decrease or eliminate snoring and finally allow you and your family to get the rest that your body has been craving. If you have been allowing your snoring to dictate the course of your life then it may finally be time to take your life back and do something to stop your snoring once and for all.
Causes of Snoring
There is no set cause for snoring. There is no simple issue that can be pinpointed as the reason for snoring. The truth about snoring is that there are plenty of different elements that can cause or lead to it in an otherwise healthy adult. The guilty culprit for causing your snoring could be as simple as poor sleeping posture or as serious as sleep apnea. It’s difficult to decide on a course of treatment without first identifying the most likely cause of your snoring. Here are some of the most common causes of snoring: Nasal Airways – Nasal airways that have become congested due to cold or seasonal allergies can result in snoring. Although this snoring can be temporary, the nasal airways may also be obstructed by something more serious. A deviated nasal septum can restrict the flow of oxygen through the nasal airways and cause the rubbing of the soft tissue in the mouth. This will cause snoring as well but it will not be temporary.
Sleep Apnea – One of the most serious causes of snoring, sleep apnea is a very severe condition that can block the airway in its entirety and cause the individual to stop breathing for intervals of up to 30 seconds. If your snoring causes you to wake up with a loud gasp several times a night there is a good chance you suffer from undiagnosed sleep apnea.
Overweight – When your body starts to gain additional weight it can cause a buildup of fat in the neck and throat, causing the airways to tighten up during sleep. This will result in snoring. If you have recently gained some weight then there is a good chance that the excess fat is to blame for your snoring.
Consumption of Alcohol or Cigarettes – Heavy drinkers and smokers are more likely to start snoring. The consumption of too much alcohol right before going to sleep will lead to a decrease in your body’s natural defense against the airway becoming obstructed.
Sleeping Pills – Many people who snore cannot get a decent rest over the course of the night so they use sleeping pills. The sleeping pills will relax you and put you to sleep, but they are also relaxing your throat while you sleep, making it easier for your body to snore. They also make you spend more time in a deep sleep when snoring is most likely to occur.
Sleep Posture – People who sleep on their back are more likely to snore as that position can cause the tongue to slip back into the throat and obstruct the airway, blocking the flow of air and causing snoring. This is also true of people who sleep with their head on flat pillows instead of raised ones.
The Anatomy in the Mouth – Snoring may be caused be a unique makeup inside of the mouth. Different people have different shapes and sizes to the various parts in their body and if this extends to the mouth and throat it can result in snoring. A long soft palate can narrow the airway while an elongated uvula will have the same effect.
Effects of Snoring on Your Health
688856_97339317The effect that snoring can have on your health has the potential to be devastating. With any luck your snoring is caused by something that can be fixed with a simple at home snoring remedy, but in the worst case scenario the snoring could be the symptom of an underlying illness. Even if your snoring is caused by something simple like poor sleep posture it can still take a huge toll on your overall health. Your body requires at least 8 hours of sleep a night to function at the proper levels the next day, if you’re constantly waking up before you can reach the REM phase of your sleep cycle when your body and mind recuperates then you won’t be able to function at the highest levels possible.
Another thing to consider is the negative effect that your snoring will have on your partner. Many people don’t consider that all the side effects mentioned above aren’t just felt by them, but by anybody sharing the same bed as them. Some people don’t notice any effects of snoring themselves and so they decline treatment, not realizing the suffering they are inflicting on their loved one.
Not getting enough sleep can lead to poor work performance and have a negative effect on your professional life as well as your personal one. You can become angered much more easily and have a difficult time concentrating on even the simplest tasks. If you spend a lot of time in traffic you put yourself at risk of causing or being involved in a serious car accident all because of your lack of sleep.
Those whose snoring is the result of sleep apnea are at further risk of serious medical conditions, this goes double for individuals who snore as the result of being overweight. Heart failure, strokes and high blood pressure are all conditions that you are at a higher risk of developing if you have sleep apnea.
Snoring is often heard in children. Although most parents write this off as a cute little thing that babies do, it can be much more serious than that. If a child is snoring more than a couple of times a week it’s probably due to an obstructed airway. This blockage in the airway can lead to a depleted amount of oxygen making its way through the baby’s body, which in time can lead to serious behavioral problems as they get older. Aggression and learning problems are common in adolescents who grew up with undiagnosed and untreated sleep apnea.
It’s a myth that snoring poses no problems and doesn’t need to be dealt with if it’s not affecting your sleep. If you suffer from snoring you need to consider the negative effects it’s having on your body that you’re not aware of as well as the negative effects it may be having on your partner. When you snore you share the side effects with those around you, even if they may not be aware of it. It’s easy to put off treating snoring by telling yourself that it’s not serious, but that will only lead to additional complications down the line, even if you’re not aware of it.
Possible Treatments snoring treatment that is right for you will depend entirely on the cause of your snoring. There are a wide variety of treatments available, ranging from home remedies to invasive surgeries, but you will need to identify the cause before you can choose a treatment. Once you have searched through the list of reasons for snoring and identified the most likely culprit you can begin trying the different snoring treatments to see if any of them work for your situation and lifestyle.
Home Remedies For Snoring
Alter Your Sleeping Posture: One of the simplest home remedies is to alter your sleeping posture; shifting from sleeping on your back to sleeping on your side can stop your tongue from falling into the back of your head and obstructing the flow of air through your throat. If you keep rolling onto your back during the night you can stack some pillows and lay against them to stop your body from rolling while you sleep.
Raise Your Head Up: Try stacking multiple pillows up and sleeping on them so your head is kept at an angle.
Moisten The Air: Keeping a humidifier running in the room while you sleep will be of a significant help if your snoring is due to allergies or a cold.
Clean Your Nasal Passages: A stuffed up nose makes it difficult to inhale during the night and can lead to snoring. Again, if you suffer from allergies that cause your nasal passages to become congested then a neti pot or even a nasal strip can go a long way to help limit snoring.
More natural snoring treatments
Lifestyle Changes For Snoring
A quick change in your lifestyle may be all it takes to rid those nights of snoring once and for all. If any of these seem familiar with your lifestyle there may be a good chance that your snoring is simply the result of not being healthy enough.
Lose Weight: When you have extra weight on your body it accumulates everywhere, including your neck and throat. This fat can tighten your air passage and restrict the flow of air, resulting in snoring. Losing some weight can widen your throat and allow more air to pass through.
Don’t Take Sleeping Pills: Sleeping pills and other sedatives relax your body to put you to sleep. Unfortunately when you take sleeping pills they force your body to stay in a deep sleep for a longer period of time, the same period of sleep when snoring occurs. Cutting out sleeping pills can decrease the amount of time you snore each night.
Avoid Alcohol: Alcohol will relax the muscles in your throat during the night and can interfere with your breathing while you’re asleep. Try cutting out alcohol in the hours before you plan on going to bed.
Exercise Regularly: Getting into good shape will keep your muscles toned and increase your overall health. Exercising at least once a day will have numerous health benefits, including a possible decrease in snoring.
More home snoring remedies
Medical Treatments For Snoring
If snoring home remedies and lifestyle changes don’t change your situation at all then there is a good chance your reason for snoring is caused by something medical. Thankfully there are several medical snoring treatments that are available for those who have medical conditions causing them to snore.
CPAP: Continuous Positive Airway Pressure is a treatment that involves wearing an anti snoring device that is pressurized and forces air through the air passage during sleep. This is used for people whose snoring is the result of sleep apnea and it is extremely effective at making sure there is never a period of time that you stop breathing while you sleep.
Laser Surgery: Laser Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty is a treatment for snoring that involves shortening the soft palate and completely removing the uvula. This is not a treatment for sleep apnea but for snoring due to other causes. With the uvula removed and the soft palate shortened it makes more room for air to flow through.
Palatal Implants: Also called the pillar procedure, palatal implants are small strands of polyester that a doctor injects into the soft palate. Over time they will stiffen the soft palate, which stops them from vibrating and reduces snoring.
Anti Snoring Devices: For people who don’t want to have invasive or non-invasive surgery to treat their snoring there are oral applications available. Anti snoring mouthpieces that can be worn during sleep that alter the position of your soft palate and tongue are readily available. Make sure to visit a dentist while using them to make sure they are not causing any damage to the inside of your mouth.
Snoring can be an extremely disruptive issue to have to deal with. Thankfully there are plenty of treatments available that can limit, or in some cases stop entirely, the amount of snoring you experience. New treatments and studies are being released all the time and will bring you all the news and product reviews you will need, all in once place.
If you are kept up all night by your snoring, or your partner’s snoring, then you should be aware that you don’t need to spend your life suffering. Between the home remedies, medical treatments and lifestyle changes available to you, you should be able to find some way to alleviate the discomfort that your snoring is causing you. is a one-stop resource for all the information and facts you will need about snoring and the possible treatments and products available. Everything you need to finally take your life back and live in the best possible health is available to you here.
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Moreover, the use of crosslinked anchoring layers that are bound to an underlying substrate provides improvements over other approaches. For example, use of a crosslinked polymer as the substrate itself can lead to degradation in various properties, such as mechanical stability, sizing requirements and the like. However, by providing only a thin anchoring layer that attracts the lubricating liquid over a substrate that is immiscible with the repelled liquid allows use of the apparatus in various constrained environments, such as in catheters, needles, and the like.
In certain embodiments, the use of the crosslinked anchoring layer can control the rate of elution of additives into the repellent material. By altering the degree of crosslink density, greater or lesser amount of additive entrainment, but eventual elution, into the repellent material can be provided. Hence, rate controlled release of drugs or pharmaceutical formulations into the repellent material, such as blood, can be controlled even more precisely over conventional systems.
In particular embodiments where crosslinking agents that are not miscible with the lubricating liquid are used, it is surprising that despite the use of crosslinking agents that are immiscible with the lubricating liquid, a crosslinked anchoring layer can nevertheless stably retain the lubricating liquid. However, by utilizing such material combinations, it has surprisingly been found that the system can provide further resistance to swelling of the anchoring layer to further maintain the size tolerances even with the presence of the anchoring layer thereon.
Uses
In one or more embodiments, any arbitrary liquid (e.g., a biological fluid), and solid particulates contained therein, may be strongly repelled from the surfaces modified in accordance with the present disclosure. Similarly, adhesion of one solid surface to another solid surface can be prevented, or the friction between two solid surfaces can be reduced using the methods disclosed herein.
For example, FIG. 3 is a representation of an ultra-slippery surface 300 including an anchoring layer 310 and a lubricating layer 320 on a substrate 330 that is used to prevent an environmental liquid 340, and solutes and solid particulates 345 contained in liquid 340, from adhering to underlying substrate 330. Thus, solutions and suspensions can be prevented from adhering to the surface of articles that have been coated with the ultra-slippery coating according to one or more embodiments. In other embodiments, the ultra-slippery surface 300 provides a low friction interface with environmental liquid 340 (and the entrained solutes and particles 345).
Medical disciplines ranging from cardiovascular medicine and oncology to orthopedics and ophthalmology rely increasingly on the implantation of medical devices into coronary arteries, jugular and femoral veins, joints, and many other parts of the body. Use of these devices risks the development of implant-induced thrombogenesis, or blood clotting. Similarly, blood processing equipment such as blood dialysis instruments, in particular, dialysis catheters, must take precautions to prevent blood clotting. In particular, blood naturally coagulates when exposed to glass. In one application, surfaces that normally contact blood can be coated with the ultra slippery coating described herein to reduce thrombogenesis, e.g., blood clotting and coagulation. As demonstrated in the examples below, ultra slippery coatings using a crosslinked perfluorinated anchor layer and a perfluorohydrocarbon lubricating layer is highly effective in reducing thrombosis on surfaces that are in prolonged contact with unheparinized blood, even in flowing conditions.
Thus, the disclosed liquid repellant surfaces can be used in a number of biological applications, including preventing blood clotting, cell adhesion, bacterial adhesion, biofilm formation and fouling of most surfaces. Moreover, these surfaces do not require anticoagulants when used to prevent blood clot formation.
In another embodiment, the surfaces described in accordance with the present disclosure can be used to prevent two substrates from adhering, or to reduce the friction between two substrates. FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of an ultra-slippery surface 400 used to prevent a first substrate 410 and a second substrate 420 from sticking. Each of solid substrates, 410, 420, possess an ultra slippery surface including anchoring layers 430, 435, respectively, that are crosslinked and that interacts with and retains lubricating liquids, 440, 445, respectively. Liquids 440, 445 are selected to be immiscible with one another. In addition, substrate 410 has a preferential affinity for lubricating liquid 440, while substrate 420 has a preferential affinity for lubricating liquid 445. When substrates 410, 420 are in facing relationship with one another, the liquid/liquid interface defined at lubricating liquids, 440, 445 allows the friction between the substrates to be reduced.
In some aspects, the surfaces are modified for potential applications such as low friction transport or repulsion of viscous liquids, non-viscous liquids, complex fluids, semi-solids, tacky liquids (e.g., food products, fuel products, resins, and the like), water (e.g., dew, fog, frost, ice and the like), paints, iron filings, carbon filings, dirt, debris, insects, for coating oil pipelines and tubing to prevent biofouling, in yacht and marine finishes, and the like. In certain embodiments, the ultra slippery coating can be formed on the interior surfaces of a food container. For example, commercially available plastic bottle made of polyethylene terephthalate (“PETE”) can silanized and crosslinked to form a crosslinked fluorous surface and then treated with PFC oil to prevent adhesion of food items (e.g., ketchup) to the inner surface of the treated bottle.
In one or more of the above embodiments, non-limiting examples of surfaces that can be made liquid repellant include beads, cannula, connector, catheter (e.g., central line, peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) line, urinary, vascular, peritoneal dialysis, and central venous catheters), catheter connector (e.g., Luer-Lok and needleless connectors), clamp, skin hook, cuff, retractor, shunt, needle, capillary tube, endotracheal tube, ventilator, associated ventilator tubing, drug delivery vehicle, syringe, microscope slide, plate, film, laboratory work surface, well, well plate, Petri dish, tile, jar, flask, beaker, vial, test tube, tubing connector, column, container, cuvette, bottle, drum, vat, tank, organ, organ implant, or organ component (e.g., intrauterine device, defibrillator, corneal, breast, knee replacement, and hip replacement implants), artificial organ or a component thereof (e.g., heart valve, ventricular assist devices, total artificial hearts, cochlear implant, visual prosthetic, and components thereof), dental tool, dental implant (e.g., root form, plate form, and subperiosteal implants), biosensor (e.g., glucose and insulin monitor, blood oxygen sensor, hemoglobin sensor, biological microelectromechanical devices (bioMEMs), sepsis diagnostic sensor, and other protein and enzyme sensors), bioelectrode, endoscope (hysteroscope, cystoscope, amnioscope, laparoscope, gastroscope, mediastinoscope, bronchoscope, esophagoscope, rhinoscope, arthroscope, proctoscope, colonoscope, nephroscope, angioscope, thoracoscope, esophagoscope, laryngoscope, and encephaloscope), extracorporeal membrane oxygenation machines, heart-lung machines, surgical applications (e.g., sutures and vascular grafts), vascular applications (e.g., shunts), surgical patches (e.g., hernia patches), and combinations thereof.
In one embodiment, surfaces modified according to the present disclosure can repel a fluid without causing surface adhesion, surface-mediated clot formation, coagulation or aggregation. Non-limiting examples of biological fluids include water, whole blood, plasma, serum, sweat, feces, urine, saliva, tears, vaginal fluid, prostatic fluid, gingival fluid, amniotic fluid, intraocular fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, seminal fluid, sputum, ascites fluid, pus, nasopharengal fluid, wound exudate fluid, aqueous humour, vitreous humour, bile, cerumen, endolymph, perilymph, gastric juice, mucus, peritoneal fluid, pleural fluid, sebum, vomit, synthetic fluid (e.g., synthetic blood, hormones, nutrients), and combinations thereof.
In another embodiment, surfaces modified according to the present disclosure can repel various types of bacteria. In one embodiment, the type of bacteria repelled by these surfaces is gram positive bacteria. In another embodiment, the type of bacteria repelled by the disclosed modified surfaces is a gram negative bacterium. Non-limiting examples of bacteria repelled by surfaces modified in accordance with the present disclosure include members of the genus selected from the group consisting of Actinobacillus (e.g., Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans), Acinetobacter (e.g., Acinetobacter baumannii), Aeromonas, Bacillus (e.g. Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis), Bordetella (e.g., Bordetella pertussis, Bordetella bronchiseptica, and Bordetella parapertussis), Brevibacillus, Brucella, Bacteroides (e.g., Bacteroides fragilis), Burkholderia (e.g., Burkholderia cepacia and Burkholderia pseudomallei), Borelia (e.g., Borelia burgdorfen), Bacillus (e.g., Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus subtilis), Campylobacter (e.g., Campylobacter jejuni), Capnocytophaga, Cardiobacterium (e.g., Cardiobacterium hominis), Citrobacter, Clostridium (e.g., Clostridium tetani, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium difficile), Chlamydia (e.g., Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and Chlamydia psiffaci), Eikenella (e.g., Eikenella corrodens), Enterobacter, Enterococcus (e.g. Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus facium, Enterococcus gallinarum), Escherichia (e.g., Escherichia coli), Francisella (e.g., Francisella tularensis), Fusobacterium, Flavobacterium, Haemophilus (e.g., Haemophilus ducreyi or Haemophilus influenzae), Helicobacter (e.g., Helicobacter pylori), Kingella (e.g., Kingella kingae), Klebsiella (e.g., Klebsiella pneumonia, Klebsiella oxytoca), Lactobacillus sp., Legionella (e.g., Legionella pneumophila), Listeria (e.g., Listeria monocytogenes), Leptospirae, Moraxella (e.g., Moraxella catarrhalis), Morganella, Mycoplasma (e.g., Mycoplasma hominis and Mycoplasma pneumoniae), Mycobacterium (e.g., Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium leprae), Neisseria (e.g., Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Neisseria meningitidis), Nocardia farcinica, Pasteurella (e.g., Pasteurella multocida), Proteus (e.g., Proteus vulgaris and Proteus mirabilis), Prevotella, Plesiomonas (e.g., Plesiomonas shigelloides), Pseudomonas (e.g., Pseudomonas aeruginosa), Providencia, Rickettsia (e.g., Rickettsia rickettsii and Rickettsia typhi), Salmonella (e.g. Salmonella enterica sv typhi/paratyphi/typhimurium/enteritidis), Serratia marcescens, Shigella flexneri, Stenotrophomonas (e.g., Stenotrophomonas maltophila), Staphylococcus (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis), Streptococcus (e.g., Streptococcus viridans, Streptococcus pyogenes (group A), Streptococcus agalactiae (group B), Streptococcus bovis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae), Streptomyces (e.g., Streptomyces hygroscopicus), Salmonella (e.g., Salmonella enteriditis, Salmonella typhi, and Salmonella typhimurium), Serratia (e.g., Serratia marcescens), Shigella, Spirillum (e.g., Spirillum minus), Treponema (e.g., Treponema pallidum), Veillonella, Vibrio (e.g., Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio vulnificus), Yersinia (e.g., Yersinia enterocolitica, Yersinia pestis, and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis), Xanthomonas (e.g., Xanthomonas maltophilia) and combinations thereof.
Surfaces modified according to the present disclosure can repel various types of fungi. Non-limiting examples of fungi repelled by modified surfaces include members of the genus Aspergillus (e.g., Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus glaucus, Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus terreus), Blastomyces dermatitidis, Candida (e.g., Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei, and Candida guillermondii), Coccidioides immitis, Cryptococcus (e.g., Cryptococcus neoformans, Cryptococcus albidus, and Cryptococcus laurentii), Fusarium, Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum, Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii, Mucor spp. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Pneumocystis, Sporothrix schenckii, Absidia corymbifera; Rhizomucor pusillus, Rhizopus arrhizous, and combinations thereof.
Surfaces modified according to the present disclosure can also repel various types of viruses and virus-like particles. In one or more embodiments, the virus repelled by these surfaces is selected from the group consisting of dsDNA viruses, ssDNA viruses, dsRNA viruses, (+)ssRNA viruses, (−)ssRNA viruses, ssRNA-RT viruses, dsDNA-RT viruses, and combinations thereof. Non-limiting examples of viruses repelled by surfaces modified in accordance with the present disclosure include cytomegalovirus (CMV), dengue, Epstein-Barr, Hantavirus, human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV I/II), Parvovirus, hepatitides (e.g., hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C), human papillomavirus (HPV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Varicella zoster, West Nile, herpes, polio, smallpox, yellow fever, rhinovirus, coronavirus, Orthomyxoviridae (influenza viruses) (e.g., Influenzavirus A, Influenzavirus B, Influenzavirus C, Isavirus and Thogotovirus), and combinations thereof.
In still another embodiment, surfaces modified according to the present disclosure are capable of repelling particles in suspension or solution without causing surface adhesion, surface-mediated clot formation, coagulation, fouling, or aggregation. The omniphobic nature of the disclosed modified surfaces allows them to protect materials from a wide range of contaminants. Non-limiting examples of particles in suspension or solution include cells (e.g., normal cells, diseased cells, parasitized cells, cancer cells, foreign cells, stem cells, and infected cells), microorganisms (e.g., viruses, virus-like particles, bacteria, bacteriophages), proteins and cellular components (e.g., cell organelles, cell fragments, cell membranes, cell membrane fragments, viruses, virus-like particles, bacteriophage, cytosolic proteins, secreted proteins, signaling molecules, embedded proteins, nucleic acid/protein complexes, nucleic acid precipitants, chromosomes, nuclei, mitochondria, chloroplasts, flagella, biominerals, protein complexes, and minicells).
In yet another embodiment, commercially available devices (e.g., medical-grade apparatus or components) can be treated according to certain aspects of the present disclosure. For example, medical-grade PVC tubes can be treated so that their inner surfaces can possess certain repellant characteristics described in the present disclosure. In one or more embodiments, the surfaces are treated to reduce clotting in blood flowing through the medical tubing.
In some situations, the surfaces can be sterilized before or after the treatment. The ultra slippery coatings as described herein have been demonstrated to be sufficiently robust that they can maintain their slip characteristics, even after sterilization. The surface treatment (e.g., silanization) can be stable or robust enough that the surface maintains its repellant characteristics after an extended period of time (e.g., a day, week, a month, a year or more) and/or with sterilization process.
EXAMPLES
The following examples are presented for the purpose of illustration only and are not intended to be limiting.
Acrylic (PMMA) sheets were plasma treated for 2 minutes at 200 W in 170 mTorr oxygen gas (PlasmaEtch) before silanization.
5% v/v PFC silane (tridecafluorotetrahydrooctyltrichlorosilane, Gelest) was deposited using various different perfluorocarbon (PFC) liquids and different crosslinking agents.
Example 1
A control sample example was carried out on an unmodified acrylic where untreated PMMA sheet was coated with 15 microliters of high purity perfluorodecalin oil, placed 12-well polystyrene plate and rocked over 2-20 hours at room temperature. Thereafter, 10 microliters of whole human blood anticoagulated with 3.2% sodium citrate was added and the surface was tilted 90 degrees. As shown in FIGS. 5A-5B, blood remained on the surface even after tilting.
Example 2
In this example, the same test as described in Example 1 was carried out, except perfluorodecalin (PFD) (Fluoromed, APF-140HP) was used as the PFC oil and 50 microliters of perfluoronyl dimethicone (Pecosil FSL-300, Phoenix Chemical) was used as the crosslinking agent. Moreover, surfaces were rinsed with PFD to remove any unreacted silane or diol, and then blown dry with nitrogen. They were then baked at 60° C. under vacuum for 2-6 hours. This removed all PFD in the gel network and ensured complete reaction of the trichlorosilane. Similar blood application and tilting testing as described in Example 1 was carried out and, as shown in FIGS. 6A-6B, blood was completely repelled.
Example 3
In this example, the same test as described in Example 2 was carried out, except perfluorodecalin (PFD) (Fluoromed, APF-140HP) was used as the PFC oil and 50 microliters of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) hydroxyl-terminated, average molecular weight of 550 (Sigma, 481939), was used as the crosslinking agent. Similar blood application and tilting testing was carried out and, as shown in FIGS. 7A-7B, blood was completely repelled.
Example 4
In this example, the same test as described in Example 2 was carried out, except perfluorodecalin (PFD) (Fluoromed, APF-140HP) was used as the PFC oil and 50 microliters of polyethylene glycol (PEG) MW 8000 (Affymetrix), was used as the crosslinking agent. Similar blood application and tilting testing was carried out and, as shown in FIGS. 8A-8B, blood was completely repelled.
Example 5
In this example, the same test as described in Example 2 was carried out, except perfluorodecalin (PFD) (Fluoromed, APF-140HP) was used as the PFC oil and 50 microliters of perfluoroglutaric acid (PFGA), (Sigma, 196908-5G), was used as the crosslinking agent. Similar blood application and tilting testing was carried out and, as shown in FIGS. 9A-9B, blood was completely repelled.
Example 6
In this example, the same test as described in Example 2 was carried out, except perfluorodecalin (PFD) (Fluoromed, APF-140HP) was used as the PFC oil and 50 microliters of PFC silane, (Gelest), was used as the crosslinking agent. Similar blood application and tilting testing was carried out and blood was completely repelled.
Example 7
The angle at which the different fluids slide away from the surfaces described in Examples 3, 4 and 6 were compared. Moreover, surfaces crosslinked using ethylene glycol as the crosslinking agent was also studied. As shown in FIG. 10, while all surfaces easily repelled water and hexadecane as evidenced by sliding off at about 1 degree tilt angle, citrated human blood slid off the surfaces having crosslinked network (PFD+PDMS; PFD+PEG8000, and PFD+Ethylene Glycol) much more easily.
Example 8
Silicone tubing was impregnated with silicone oil as the lubricating liquid to repel an immiscible fluid, in this case, blood. The tubing swelled significantly, changing its physical dimensions and lost its mechanical compliance and elasticity, rendering the tubing and lubricating layer susceptible to mechanical degradation.
As will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art from a reading of this disclosure, aspects of the present disclosure can be embodied in forms other than those specifically disclosed above. For example, a desired functionality, intended to achieve certain medically relevant response (such as anti-clotting, blood or other biological fluid repelling, drug releasing, infection-suppressing, tissue growth promoting, etc.), can be engineered into the composition of the anchoring and lubricating layers. The particular embodiments described above are, therefore, to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art will recognize, or be able to ascertain, using no more than routine experimentation, numerous equivalents to the specific embodiments described herein. The scope of the invention is as set forth in the appended claims and equivalents thereof, rather than being limited to the examples contained in the foregoing description.
1. An article having a slippery surface, comprising: a substrate comprising an anchoring layer, the anchoring layer comprising; anchoring molecules comprising a head group attached to the substrate and a functional tail group directly or indirectly attached to the head group; and a crosslinking agent that crosslinks the anchoring molecules to one another a lubricating layer comprising a lubricating liquid having an affinity for the functional tail group and disposed over the anchoring layer, wherein the anchoring layer and the lubricating layer are held together by non-covalent attractive forces, wherein the anchoring layer and the lubricating layer form a slippery surface configured and arranged for contact with a material that is substantially immiscible with the lubricating liquid, wherein the article is substantially free of anchoring molecules not bound to the substrate, unreacted crosslinking agent, and reaction byproducts between the anchoring molecules and the crosslinking agent.
2. The article of claim 1, wherein the immiscible material is selected from the group consisting of a liquid, complex fluid, solution, suspension, a gas and a solid.
3. The article of claim 1, wherein the slippery surface is hydrophobic.
4. The article of claim 1, wherein the slippery surface is hydrophilic.
5. The article of claim 1, wherein the slippery surface is omniphobic.
6. The article of claim 1, wherein said head group of the anchoring molecules include ethers, silyl ethers, siloxanes, esters of carboxylic acids, esters of sulfonic acids, esters of sulfinic acids, esters of sulfuric acids, esters of phosphonic acids, esters of phosphinic acids, esters of phosphoric acids, silyl esters of carboxylic acids, silyl esters of sulfonic acids, silyl esters of sulfinic acids, silyl esters of sulfuric acids, silyl esters of phosphonic acids, silyl esters of phosphinic acids, silyl esters of phosphoric acids, oxides, sulfides, carbocycles, heterocycles with at least one oxygen atom, heterocycles with at least one nitrogen atom, heterocycles with at least one sulfur atom, heterocycles with at least one silicon atom, ‘click’ reactions-derived heterocycles, Diels-Alder reactions-derived carbocycles, Diels-Alder reactions-derived heterocycles, amides, imides, sulfides, thiolates, metal thiolates, urethanes, oximes, hydrazides, hydrazones, physisorbed or chemisorbed or otherwise non-covalently attached moieties, or combinations thereof.
7. The article of claim 1, wherein the functional tail group of the anchoring molecules comprise a hydrocarbon, and the lubricating layer comprises hydrocarbon liquid, wherein the anchoring layer and the lubricating layer form an hydrophobic slippery surface.
8. The article of claim 7, wherein said functional tail group of the anchoring molecules include alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic compounds, and combinations thereof.
9. The article of claim 1, wherein the functional tail group of the anchoring molecules comprise charged polypeptides, polyanions, polycations, polar polymers, polysaccharides, amines, carboxylic acids, guanidine, alcohols, sulfhydryls, carboxamides, metal oxides, or combinations thereof.
10. The article of claim 1, wherein the functional tail group of the anchoring molecules includes perfluorocarbons, perfluorooligoethers and perfluoropolyethers.
11. The article of claim 1, wherein, the anchoring molecules comprise a silyl group covalently attached to a hydrocarbon or perfluorocarbon tail, and the lubricating layer comprises hydrocarbon or perfluorocarbon liquid, wherein the anchoring layer and the lubricating layer form a hydrophobic or an omniphobic slippery surface.
12. The article of claim 1, wherein, the anchoring molecules comprise a phosphonate or carboxylate group covalently attached to a hydrocarbon or perfluorocarbon tail, and the lubricating layer comprises hydrocarbon or perfluorocarbon liquid, wherein the anchoring layer and the lubricating layer form a hydrophobic or an omniphobic slippery surface.
13. The article of claim 1, wherein the slippery surface is slippery to water-based and hydrocarbon-based liquids.
14. The article of claim 1, wherein the slippery surface is slippery to biological fluids.
15. The article of claim 1, wherein the slippery surface is slippery to non-heparinized blood.
16. The article of claim 1, wherein the slippery surface comprises beads, hollow fibers, membranes, thin films, tubing, fluidized bed, filters, mixers, impellers, connectors, cannula, flow cells, or needles.
17. The article of claim 1, wherein the surface comprises medical grade materials or medical devices.
18. A method of preventing adhesion, adsorption, surface-mediated clot formation, or coagulation of a material onto a substrate, comprising providing a slippery surface comprising an anchoring layer, the anchoring layer comprising anchoring molecules having a head group attached to a substrate and a functional tail group directly or indirectly attached to the head group and crosslinking agents that crosslink the anchoring molecules to one another; and a lubricating layer comprising a lubricating liquid having an affinity for the functional tail group and disposed over the anchoring layer, wherein the slippery surface is substantially free of anchoring molecules not bound to the substrate, unreacted crosslinking agent, and reaction byproducts between the anchoring molecules and the crosslinking agent, and wherein the anchoring layer and the lubricating layer are held together by non-covalent attractive forces; and contacting an immiscible material to the slippery surface.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the head group is covalently attached to the surface.
20. The method of claim 18, wherein the anchoring layer forms a monomolecular layer on the surface.
21. The method of claim 18, wherein the surface is selected from the group consisting of acrylic, glass, polymers, metals, carbon, plastics, paper, ceramics, and combinations thereof.
22. The method of claim 18, wherein the surface is treated to activate the surface prior to exposure to the anchoring layer.
23. The method of claim 22, wherein activation comprises acid treatment, base treatment, oxidization, ammonization, heat, peroxide, photon, electron, ion, plasma, or microwave treatment.
24. The method of claim 18, wherein the slippery surface is hydrophobic.
25. The method of claim 18, wherein the slippery surface is hydrophilic.
26. The method of claim 18, wherein the slippery surface is omniphobic.
27. The method of claim 18, wherein the functional tail group is a hydrocarbon.
28. The method of claim 18, wherein the functional tail group is selected from the group consisting of charged polypeptides, polyanions, polycations, polar polymers, polysaccharides, amines, carboxylic acids, guanidine, alcohols, sulfhydryls, carboxamides, metal oxides and combinations thereof.
29. The method of claim 18, wherein the functional tail group is a fluorocarbon.
30. The method of claim 18, wherein the immiscible material is selected from the group consisting of non-viscous and viscous liquids, complex fluids, semi-solids, tacky liquids, solids and combinations thereof.
31. The method of claim 18, wherein the surface reduces coagulation of blood.
32. The method of claim 18, wherein the surface reduces adhesion of fibrin, fibrinogen, blood proteins, platelets, leukocytes, red blood cells and/or coagulation factors.
33. The method of claim 18, wherein the immiscible material contains an additive, the additive being selected from the group consisting of a solute, a particulate, an emulsion, a liposome, a bubble, a droplet, or a combination thereof.
34. The method of claim 33, wherein the immiscible material is repelled by the surface and the additive is attracted to the surface.
35. The method of claim 33, wherein the immiscible material and the additive are repelled by the surface.
36. The method of claim 18, wherein the lubricating layer, the anchoring layer, the substrate or combinations thereof contains an additive selected from the group consisting of a solute, a particulate, an emulsion, a liposome, a bubble, a droplet, or a combination thereof.
37. The method of claim 36, wherein the additive is eluted into to the immiscible material.
38. The method of claim 18, wherein the immiscible material is selected from the group consisting of whole blood, plasma, serum, buffy coat, sweat, feces, urine, saliva, tears, vaginal fluid, prostatic fluid, gingival fluid, amniotic fluid, intraocular fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, seminal fluid, sputum, ascites fluid, pus, nasopharengal fluid, wound exudate fluid, aqueous humour, vitreous humour, bile, cerumen, endolymph, perilymph, gastric juice, mucus, peritoneal fluid, pleural fluid, sebum, vomit, and combinations thereof.
39. The method of claim 18, wherein the immiscible material is a solution or suspension containing bacteria selected from the group consisting of Actinobacillus, Acinetobacter (e.g., Acinetobacter baumannii), Aeromonas, Bordetella, Brevibacillus, Brucella, Bacteroides, Burkholderia, Borelia, Bacillus, Campylobacter, Capnocytophaga, Cardiobacterium, Citrobacter, Clostridium, Chlamydia, Eikenella, Enterobacter, Escherichia, Francisella, Fusobacterium, Flavobacterium, Haemophilus, Helicobacter, Kingella, Klebsiella, Legionella, Listeria, Leptospirae, Moraxella, Morganella, Mycoplasma, Mycobacterium, Neisseria, Pasteurella, Proteus, Prevotella, Plesiomonas, Pseudomonas, Providencia, Rickettsia, Stenotrophomonas, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus (group A), Streptococcus agalactiae (group B), Streptococcus bovis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptomyces, Salmonella, Serratia, Shigella, Spirillum, Treponema, Veillonella, Vibrio, Yersinia, Xanthomonas, and combinations thereof.
40. The method of claim 18, wherein the immiscible material is a solution or suspension containing fungi selected from the group consisting of a member of the genus Aspergillus, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Candida, Coccidioides immitis, Cryptococcus, Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum, Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Sporothrix schenckii, Absidia corymbifera; Rhizomucor pusillus, Rhizopus arrhizous, and combinations thereof.
41. The method of claim 18, wherein the material is a solution or suspension containing viruses selected from the group consisting of cytomegalovirus (CMV), dengue, Epstein-Barr, Hantavirus, human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV I/II), Parvovirus, hepatitides, human papillomavirus (HPV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Varicella zoster, West Nile, herpes, polio, smallpox, yellow fever, rhinovirus, coronavirus, Orthomyxoviridae (influenza viruses), and combinations thereof.
42. The method of claim 18, wherein the material is a solution or suspension containing particles selected from the group consisting of normal cells, diseased cells, parasitized cells, cancer cells, foreign cells, stem cells, and infected cells, microorganisms, viruses, virus-like particles, bacteria, bacteriophages, proteins, cellular components, biofilm, biofilm components, cell organelles, cell fragments, cell membranes, cell membrane fragments, cytosolic proteins, secreted proteins, signaling molecules, embedded proteins, nucleic acid/protein complexes, nucleic acid precipitants, chromosomes, nuclei, mitochondria, liposomes, vesicles, chloroplasts, flagella, biominerals, protein complexes, and minicells.
43. A method of making an article having a slippery surface, comprising: contacting a substrate with anchoring molecules having a head group that is reactive with the substrate and a functional tail group directly or indirectly attached to the head group to form an anchoring layer on the substrate; crosslinking the anchoring molecules to one another; washing away anchoring molecules not bound to the substrate, unreacted crosslinking agent, and reaction byproducts between the anchoring molecules and the crosslinking agent; and contacting the anchoring layer with a lubricating liquid having an affinity for the functional tail group to form a lubricating layer disposed over the anchoring layer, wherein the anchoring layer and the lubricating layer are held together by non-covalent attractive forces, wherein the anchoring layer and the lubricating layer form a slippery surface configured and arranged for contact with a material that is immiscible with the lubricating liquid.
44. The method of claim 43, wherein contacting the anchoring layer with lubricating liquid comprises passing lubricating liquid through micropassages or nanopassages in the substrate.
45. The method of claim 43, wherein the substrate comprises a reservoir through which lubricating liquid is replenished.
46. The method of claim 43, wherein the substrate comprises tubing and wherein contacting the anchoring layer with lubricating liquid comprises passing boluses of lubricating liquid through the tube.
47. The method of claim 43, wherein the lubricating liquid is replenished on the anchoring layer..
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Bowie letters: Kindness for Church Road turtle, thoughts and prayers, and more
Kindness for turtle on Church Road
On Saturday evening July 6 I was headed northbound on Church Road (towards Old 450) when I saw a rather large turtle creeping westbound across the road. Going at its turtle pace it was definitely going to get hit by either my car or another. I parked, and first I tried to pick it up and carry it across, but it hissed and struggled and I worried it would scratch and/or bite me (I don’t know much about turtles).
By this time cars were lining up on both sides of the road – behind both me and the southbound car across from me, who had stopped observing what I was trying to do. I was getting nervous for not only the turtle but for myself for holding people up. Finally, I remembered a cardboard box I had in my car so I grabbed the lid and nudged the turtle across the road, safely to the west side.
Throughout all of this, only one driver honked, and entirely understandably because it was a few cars back who couldn’t see the scene. No one shouted at me or otherwise acted aggressively or even annoyed, though they well may have been. I was touched that for all of the neighbors I inconvenienced for 5 minutes or so, they acted with patience at least, or outright compassion if the turtle crossing was in their sight. It is heartwarming to live in such a kind city.
Thoughts and prayers
The irony of the Jeff Stahler cartoon is typical of the anti-Christian, anti-American view of the paper (Bowie Blade News, Aug. 1). The “thoughts and prayers” jar will never be “empty” for those of us who have faith.
To depict it as empty indicates the cartoonist lack of understanding of faith. And the paper just rolls with it.
In the cartoon the holder of the jar is anti-gun. What is the anti-gut solution? More laws? That ideology is what is empty. What is typical is that the anti-gun crowd wants a solution where none can be found. Bats, knives, golf clubs, even rocks can and do kill.
Instead of disparaging people of faith who pray against evil and pray for those who are harmed by it, how about joining us for a change? Instead of attacking the 2nd Amendment rights of “we the people,” how about offering realistic restrictions and solutions on ownership?
Nah, chances of that happening are about the same as this letter seeing anything but the digital trash bin.
Democrats and energy
During the recent Democratic primary election debates nearly all of the candidates supported the New Green Deal to use clean renewable sources, mostly wind and solar power, to abate climate change. They extolled their “vision” and aspirations of wind and solar as critical for future generations.
Regrettably, the candidates failed to address two essential questions: Do they really expect to run a $22-plus trillion economy on wind and solar power alone; and, why not consider nuclear power to meet our future needs?
Several years ago I did a back-of-the-napkin estimate comparing wind vs. nuclear.
The bottom line was that to generate the same amount of electricity as the Calvert Cliffs facility in Calvert County you would need a land area approximately the size of Rhode Island. (I anticipate land usage for wind and solar would be generally similar due to the required physical infrastructure.) The Calvert Cliffs facility by itself occupies approximately 300 acres.
Both wind and solar require enormous amounts of land and on a megawatt-per-acre basis they are far, far less efficient power generators.
The pros and cons of nuclear power are certainly worth discussing but to entirely ignore the possibility of this safe, clean, and proven source of power to combat climate change is to question the candidates’ sincerity and wisdom. From my chair it appeared the candidates’ visions and aspirations were more about their political careers than the betterment of the United States of America. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.962098240852356}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '299474', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:PUO4WXTBPL32MB5LUXP2QVTHXUXO7CAA', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:6e741954-2f07-408d-ba0f-ab48009f22ed>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 3, 30, 5, 27, 24), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.112.235.122', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:LOADOGDQZUSIM633B4BJQMZV34UDD4RO', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:e2aa6bf3-c18f-46e2-bbfb-44e3029059a7>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.capitalgazette.com/maryland/bowie/ac-ce-letters--20190808-vg6w5252kjhynguibbevoyyjau-story.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:0c442dcb-30e9-4b34-ac2f-c58be3fae517>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '683', 'url': 'https://www.capitalgazette.com/maryland/bowie/ac-ce-letters--20190808-vg6w5252kjhynguibbevoyyjau-story.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-16\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for March/April 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-67.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.03989964723587036', 'original_id': '9aeca523392a8da854ff339d18fff78b98072c06bfee9e9f1cbb678b92023ba9'} |
Charles B. Hedgecock coached the Menominee football team to a 3-0 win over Marinette in the final Thanksgiving Day game played in 1916. The biting cold and normal wintry conditions a century ago never prevented Marinette and Menominee students and adult faithful from having fun and enjoying the rivalry. <br> Courtesy Anuta Research Center
Courtesy Anuta Research Center
High school football was the main attraction on Thanksgiving Day in the early years of the sport in Marinette and Menominee. The first M&M Game was played on the national holiday in 1894. Menominee eked out a 14-4 win before about 500 spectators on a crude playing field in Marinette.
The Crimson, later christened the Maroons with a change of color in the uniform jersey, won the next two Thanksgiving Day games before the young interstate series was suspended for a couple of seasons.
The series resumed in 1899, but the game wasn't played on Thanksgiving Day. School officials apparently figured the cold weather and frozen gridirons in late November weren't conducive for players, coaches and spectators. The game was played on Sept. 30, Marinette winning for the first time 11 to 5.
By 1908, officials from the two schools decided to return to the traditional Thanksgiving Day headliner. About 2,000 rooters cheered their teams in the turkey day special in Marinette. The Marines won 12-4 (touchdowns were worth four points).
The Thanksgiving Day special continued through 1916 when the date of the game was advanced to an earlier schedule in the month.
Menominee had a four-game winning streak running when the two teams lined up for what was to be the last Thanksgiving Day outing. In fact, the feast day special proved to be a nemesis for the purple and white.
Marinette was shut out in the previous five games (the 1911 contest was a scoreless tie). Fans attending the post-season high school playoff games in recent years will attest to the cold and biting winds and poor field conditions when the games carry into late November weekends.
Imaginations will have to kick in to envision conditions when teams clashed on Thanksgiving Day in the bygone years. Cold weather and snappy winds arrived earlier. So did the snow. School custodians and volunteers often had to sweep or shovel snow from the playing field before the kickoff. Gridirons were either muddy or frozen. There were few places where fans could go at the intermission to warm up.
The 1916 showdown was set for Thursday, Nov. 30. The site was the Menominee County Fairgrounds which was located in the vicinity of the present-day Central Elementary School.
Controversy swirled in the days leading up to the game. Menominee had two stars in its lineup who had reached their 20th birthdays - Richard "Eck" Erdlitz and Babe Tierney. They were ruled out of the Escanaba game which was played two contests earlier. Michigan had a rule which prohibited players from competing once they reached 20. The Wisconsin age limit was 21.
Marinette Prinicpal Frank W. Hanft issued a public announcement that his school would not protest the use of the two Menominee players because Wisconsin rules allowed 21-year-old players. He said they should be allowed to compete if the game was being played in Menominee and under Michigan regulations.
In a separate incident eight days before the showdown, Hanft and Menominee coach Charles B. Hedgecock were compelled to issue public statements rejecting rumors circling the Twin Cities that each team had brought in "extra coaches" to help the teams prepare. A 1914 pact between the schools prohibited the use of special coaches for M&M game preparations.
Both teams had strong lineups. Marinette, however, clearly had the better record entering the scrap.
The Marines soundly defeated Appleton 79-0 and Oconto 60-0 before playing Green Bay East to a 7-7 deadlock. Earl "Curly" Lambeau was a star halfback for East.
Marinette went on to nip Green Bay West 7-6 and then cuffed, in order, Escanaba 15-0; Stevens Point 14-6; and Neenah 38-0.
Menominee defeated Oconto 6-0; Marquette Normal College (Northern Michigan University) 21-7; Peshtigo 25-0; Escanaba 6-0; and Appleton 7-0. The Crimson and Green Bay East fought to a scoreless tie.
Marinette tuned up for the M&M tilt by beating Neenah at State Street Park on Nov. 18. It was so cold that school officials placed straw around the field so the fans wouldn't have to stand in snow. Volunteers shoveled snow from the field so the game could proceed.
The fans on both sides of the Menominee River were in a spirited mood. Meetings were held during the week to make plans for the pre-game hysteria.
Marinette's faithful assembled on Dunlap Square at 12:30 p.m. on a cold Thanksgiving Day (Nov. 30) and marched across the "Middle Bridge" to the Michigan side for the 2 o'clock kickoff. Waving purple and white banners and signing school songs, the rooters were led by Art Gignon who was saddled on a white horse.
Upon reaching the fairgrounds, the vivacious fans carried a coffin decorated in crimson and white colors to the tune of a funeral procession. The march halted at midfield.
Not to be outdone, Menominee loyalists paraded onto the field with a roughbox and gallows with a youth dressed in maroon colors. Songs, cheers and hip-hip hurrays filled the frigid air.
Someone had the canniness to film the pomp and color in the era of silent movies for a later showing at the Grand Theater in downtown Menominee.
The unofficial crowd for the bone-chilling turkey day classic was listed at 4,500, a remarkable turnout for the wintry conditions.
The teams locked horns in a brutal battle on the field. After three quarters, the game was scoreless.
Menominee got the break it was looking for in the fourth quarter. Erdlitz, the talented back who was questionable before the game because of his age, punted to the Marines. A bouncing football and cold hands resulted in a fumble on the Marinette 25.
The Crimson netted 12 yards in two plays to the 13. Three plunges into the line netted seven more. On fourth down, Erdlitz stepped back to the Marinette 15-yard line and drop-kicked a field goal. The 3-0 margin held up the rest of the game.
Underdog Menominee bagged its fifth win in a row over its arch rival and extended Marinette's scoreless streak to six games.
Here's how the Menominee Herald-Leader described the outcome in the next day edition:
"The better team won. Menominee was outweighed. Marinette was outgeneraled and outplayed. Neither side was outgamed. Both fought cleanly and hard from the whistle which started the contest until the timekeeper's whistle sent a mass of wildly cheering Menominee enthusiasts swarming on to the field."
That's the way it was in Marinette and Menominee during Thanksgiving week 97 years ago. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '42', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9725087881088256}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '119805', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:7MAHGDKXYS3NLH4CQFTE7KJBMLBDPHF7', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:350bd1cc-82b4-42bd-8f05-5e8f5f97cf68>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2015, 6, 3, 10, 49, 44), 'WARC-IP-Address': '64.72.140.247', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:MNT37YKUXV2EOSZWBEIAAITWCCPUUZYL', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:988041b4-9dd2-4b8f-ba92-220a80992265>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.ehextra.com/Content/News/News-Articles/Article/Tradition-Football-and-Thanksgiving/12/35/15338', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:18b33d5d-9266-430b-956b-3c02b3ab38c4>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1169', 'url': 'http://www.ehextra.com/Content/News/News-Articles/Article/Tradition-Football-and-Thanksgiving/12/35/15338', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-180-206-219.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2015-22\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May 2015\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.01865231990814209', 'original_id': 'b9271099d1f0f59454b42838562b248baba59ea23741ab6b151fa68601b9205d'} |
April 25, 1982
Belvedere, America
Translator - Bo Hi Pak
People have always wondered about the fundamental questions of the universe, and whether or not God exists. In addition, when people recognize that there must be a Creator of all things, this always brings up the problem of who created the Creator. This is a great historical question that no thinker or philosopher has been able to answer.
God's existence is an eternal truth. Then what has God been doing? We must assume that He is a living God and therefore is constantly in action. When we think about movement, we wonder what kind of movement God makes. There are fundamental pulling and pushing motions in the universe, centrifugal and centripetal forces. When these two coexist, how do they harmonize? Do they neutralize each other, or contradict each other? We come to the conclusion that these dual forces exist for give and take action; rather than clashing head-on and shattering each other, they turn and harmonize.
To recognize this natural truth of the universe helps us understand God's movement. In order for something to move, it must have two aspects engaged in give and take. Inside the person of God there are also two complementary forces of give and take action. In other words, God's give and take action does not shatter anything but works instead towards complementing and making oneness.
Plus and minus energies, such as centrifugal and centripetal forces, have different effects on movement. When something is thrown it always moves in a curved line. Why doesn't it just shoot out straight? Because a curved line represents the natural, turning action of the universe.
When the Apollo 11 spaceship went into orbit, its flight path was curved. We must realize that everything in the universe is involved in some sort of revolving, circular motion. Every form of creation turns in some fashion. No individual stands still; each person makes a circular motion in relation to the rest of the universe. You are independent beings, yet you must harmonize with the universe.
From this universal principle we can derive God's essence. God is the core of the universe that initiates action, the first cause of all the movement of the universe. From that core, movement spreads out. Rotation needs two elements, a subject and an object. The universal turning action begins from the core, from a small circle, and spreads to larger and larger circles, creating a gigantic plus and minus.
For plus and minus to be created horizontally, both must exist in the vertical plane. As you know, plus repels plus and minus repels minus, but plus and minus attract each other; this is the basic principle of a motor. In a motor the motion of plus and minus initiates the turning. Everything that is created from the core's essence should complement or duplicate the characteristics or action of the core. God being the center of the combined forces of subject and object, He is like the generator of the universal give and take of plus and minus.
Let men represent plus and women minus. There is a core motivation of men, and everything men possess reflects that core or essence. Likewise for women. So even when a man moves his eyeball, it does not act on its own but rather in conjunction with the rest of his body, which reflects his essence. So the movement of a man's eyeball is distinct from that of a woman; it differs because the essence is different.
Have you ever compared how laughter and weeping are expressed? They are extremely different emotional responses and may seem totally unrelated. Laughter and weeping represent two opposite emotional poles, one plus and the other minus, so how could they harmonize? The most dramatic kind of emotional change is intense weeping that suddenly turns into laughter. Crying and laughter are two opposite poles, so the more rapid the movement circling between them the more dramatic the effect. Swift transformations produce more striking results than slow changes. Thus, the faster the shift, the more dramatic its results.
In the Unification Church we are taught that God exists in dual essentialities. To make it short, God is subject and object, two extremes harmonized into one. This is the basic explanation of God's dual essentialities.
Many difficult questions have been raised about the origin and essence of the universe. A classic question is which came first, the chicken or the egg. Scientists say that the universe is an assemblage of energy, that it is nothing more than energy in motion. Is that correct? In a universal sense, which came first, energy or motion? Or, from another perspective, which came first, energy or mind and spirit?
Let's consider the source of energy. Do you think that energy suddenly popped out somewhere, coming down from heaven? In order for energy to be created, there is a prerequisite: the relationship between the poles of subject and object, or plus and minus; energy depends on subject and object, or plus and minus. Thus we can conclude that before action there must be energy, and before energy there must be subject and object, or plus and minus.
Let's look at the reasons why people do things. Generally speaking, when you sing, you do so for the sake of others, not just for yourself. When you talk, it is to someone else. Your nose generally functions not to smell yourself but something else. Your ears listen to sounds from outside yourself Your hands exist to serve someone or something else. None of these organs or capabilities exists for its own sake; every action you make has an objective related to somebody else. Isn't that true?
If you are laughing very hard with nobody or nothing nearby, people will look your way and think you must be crazy. However, to laugh at a little piece of chalk is justified because that laughter has an object. This is an extreme example of the principle that no action occurs without purpose or objective; there must be an object to justify every action. To wander around with no goal or purpose is just a waste of energy; each of your actions should have some objective or goal.
Why are you the person you are, with the appearance you have? Do you just exist for yourself? No. For whom do you exist? Existence is never just for its own sake but always for somebody else, for a subject or object. Since this holds true throughout the universe how can you ever say you want to do something just for your own sake? Such an attitude is contrary to the universal truth and will surely bring destructive consequences.
So you men acknowledge that you live for others, but for whom? You say you five for God, but He is too far away; you need to five for somebody nearby! Men live for women; somebody has dominion over man, and that happens to be woman.
On the other hand, who has control over women? Men. What is the essence of the control which men and women have over each other? You say love, but are you sure it isn't power? All right, since you insist, I surrender to you! It is love. Love is the only important element in controlling others.
Today is the beginning of Daylight Saving Time, so you lost one hour's sleep this morning, didn't you? Well, even the birds have to get up earlier when the sun starts coming up earlier! The female birds chirp to their mates, and they chirp back. They answer each other immediately. Why? Male and female respond to each other for some reason, and that reason is love.
The East Garden birds are in love, sending out signals to one another saying, "Here I am; come and control me with love." This is the essence of the universe, that all living creatures want to be controlled by the love of their subject or object.
God also exists in dual essentialities; therefore, even within God there is the need to be controlled by love. Love and joy complement each other. When birds search after love, they express the heart of the universe. That means the core essence of the universe, which is God, is motivated by absolute love. Do you agree? Absolute love is the essence of the universe, the essence of God Himself, and the motivation of all creation. In the realm of absolute love there is no destruction or disharmony.
Why do people long for love? Why do we search after love? To be happy. I understand that scientists say that the human body consists of at least 40 billion cells. When do these myriad components of your body reach their peak of action? When you are in love. Love ignites all 40 billion cells into full action.
When a man comes near a woman all his cells wake up and become fully activated. When man and woman touch there is an explosion. That is why our church has a rule that men and women shouldn't get too close, don't shake hands very much, and certainly don't kiss each other. Why? Because such actions can make sparks fly prematurely. Scars caused by premature love have no cure. This is why God gave mankind one strict rule in the beginning: you are absolutely free to do anything except touch the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. This was a warning not to misuse love, to wait until the correct time for its expression.
Love fully activates every cell, and without wasting a moment the cells harmonize and seek a higher level. Once your cells are energized by love they want to take off. The power of love is much like the thrust of an Apollo rocket, lifting you off the ground and propelling you into the orbit of God's love. You are meant to find eternal harmony in love with God, but God's love doesn't just stand still. As soon as your love takes off God's love starts to come down toward you, and you meet each other in the middle. So God's love and human love are meant to come together and create a spark, make a dramatic crash. That spark does not cause eternal destruction; it results in a new, harmonized creation. The fusion of human and divine love generates something new.
Once such a love core is created, the entire universe is meant to sing along in its harmony and rhythm. Your every. action is meant to harmonize with the universal core. Every hair, every cell in your body is meant to dance together with the universal core. Once you reach that plateau, you will discover the original ideal world, the absolute and true ideal world. Thus we can conclude that God created the universe, including human beings and all things, in order to consummate love.
Let's imagine that I could ask the grass on the lawn why it was created. Would it answer, "I just like the color green and wanted to see a lot of it"?
I might ask it how it could be tough enough to survive the harsh winter cold and grow anew every spring.
Then the grass would say, "Daddy, you don't know why? We know why! You must know!" The answer of even the little blade of grass is, "I am living in order to consummate love and receive the love of the universal parents. I am waiting for the spirit of love."
If anybody can come up with a better answer, please give it to me. How about Dr. Yoon, the physicist: do you have a better answer? No one can give a better answer.
What is the ultimate reason for doing anything? Why does a person go to school, for example? Scholars ultimately seek the fastest route to the consummation of love. If somebody asks you why you live, you wouldn't say your purpose is to eat three meals a day; that is not the purpose of living. The best and most dramatic answer is that we live to consummate the ideal love of God.
So far, I have spoken about the composition of creation. Action or motion is preceded by energy, which is preceded by subject and object, or the give and take between plus and minus. The motivation behind all this is to consummate love. Therefore, action does not take place unless there is a plus and minus, or subject and object. Is that true?
Think about it a little more. Someone working an a laboratory tries to force certain elements to combine harmoniously, but unless they are meant to come together they won't. When the proper relationship of plus and minus or subject and object is formed, union will happen.
Each element has either a basic plus or a basic minus characteristic and can relate in different combinations and form various subject/object unions. These are the results of different forms of give and take. All relationships must follow universal law; if they go against that law there can be no give and take. For example, men and women naturally relate with each other, but a human being and an animal cannot interact in the same way. Animals must relate within their own realm.
The major problem in America today could be called the distortion of the universal rule governing the action of love. There are many kinds of perversions in the realm of love, such as homosexuality, which are destructive because they go against the universal principle.
People think of men and women co together in merely physical terms. Many couples live together for a while and then split up, but to do so is to deny the four directions of a relationship: north, south, east and west. You cannot shake off those four directions, because your position is always related to these axes. For example, in order to determine the location of an airplane or boat, you cannot refer only to the east and disregard the west; furthermore, there is always a due north, no matter what. Unless you take into account all four directions you won't be able to determine your own position.
The sun rises from the east and goes down in the west. If you refuse to recognize the west, what will you do when the sun sets? After sunset it gets dark; when night comes you have to adjust to it. In other words, you cannot deny the process of the universe. Ask your eyes whether they like only north and south, or east and west. Your eyes recognize all four directions; you wouldn't want it to be otherwise.
In spring everything looks beautiful and green, with lots of flowers blooming. In winter, however, you can experience another kind of beauty; to ski down the snow-covered mountains is another kind of dramatic activity. Can you say you love summer but hate autumn? You cannot skip autumn. If you like only the springtime, how will you manage to survive during the other three seasons? You cannot avoid them. The person who appreciates only the spring will eventually alienate all the other seasons; summer, autumn and winter will want nothing to do with such a limited person. In order to harmonize with the whole universe you have to experience and love all four seasons, spring, summer, autumn and winter. Do you follow? Death means the loss of one's subject of give and take.
When I match you, it is important to bring together complementary elements. For example, if a very small, cute woman were matched with a small, cute man it would not produce harmony; the man should be opposite to the woman - bigger and more masculine, with lots of muscles. Also, a spring-type person should be joined with an autumn-type person, because in order to make unity the spring-type person must travel through the summer and the autumn-type person travel through the winter; thus between them they encompass all four seasons. Don't you agree that this is ideal? A very dramatic combination is a tall man and a very short woman, or a fat woman and a man who looks as thin as a chopstick. Do you think I am just explaining my own concepts, or is this universal truth? The important thing is to harmonize the extremes. That kind of harmony is the ideal.
Most of you have a fiancee, but some of you have your own preferences and think that your fiancee does not match your ideal. A woman with large eyes might prefer a man with eyes like hers. To think like that is to forget the most important element in the universe: harmony. Parents with big eyes might produce children with monstrous eyes! Would that be the ideal? Sometimes a person with small, narrow eyes is able to penetrate issues and see things very deeply, while a person with big, wide eyes notices only the surface of things. So I always try to bring together differing elements. The key word is universal harmony.
Wherever you travel, you encounter subject/ object relationships and the four directions. Because you are always in an environment where these principles operate, you can never deny the subject object relationship or the four directions.
The Unification Church also operates according to these principles at all times. Subject and object generate energy, which creates motion and action. Who is the subject of the Unification Church? It is the very controversial Reverend Moon. Perhaps you consider me so controversial that you don't want to have give and take with me, but to do so is to reject your environment, and it will eventually drive you out; you will be unable to remain. In the Unification Church, I set the policy and spiritual direction for certain activities, such as witnessing and fund raising. You might say you like the Unification Church but not those activities. If you hate to do fund raising, the activity of the Unification Church will eventually expel you. Someone with such an attitude is like a stranger or foreigner in the church.
In school, you experienced a certain environment with which you had to harmonize. Schools have a principal, teachers and students, and the various relationships among them. You can be comfortable in that academic atmosphere as long as you follow the rules. Schools exist to provide for learning. Therefore, if a girl says she goes to school not to learn but to look at the boys, her attitude is contrary to the school's purpose and eventually she will be driven away. These processes are a product of universal law.
We are living in the gigantic environment called the universe, and those who want to be comfortable within the universe must follow the rules of the game, the laws of the universe. If not, they will be rejected by the universe. The universal law is the law of love, and violators of that law will be expelled by the universe. The most important thing to know and understand is the nature of the law of love and why and how we practice it. Why should we be good people and do good deeds instead of evil? Essentially, because by doing good we harmonize with the universal essence; thus the universe will recognize that we are not strangers and will protect us.
I am teaching you universal principles because I want you to become a comfortable member of this universe by following the law of love. I have always taught you to live for the sake of others and not just for yourself, because selfishness is your own worst enemy. When you are living for others you will be embraced and accepted by the universe; thus the unselfish way of life is the most dramatic and most inspiring.
Let's test whether this principle is correct. Good deeds are always welcomed wherever you go. You good deeds will be appreciated here in the United States and even in Moscow. Those who practice true love will be welcomed in Washington, DC, and also in Moscow. Those who live for others will be appreciated in Washington, DC, and also in Alaska. Since good deeds are so highly regarded here on this earth, how are they received in the spirit world? The same. They play by the same rules in the spirit world.
The teaching of the Unification Church is simple: five for the sake of others and practice love. Devote yourself to a sacrificial way of life because it is the one way of life which is totally acceptable, anywhere in the universe. When you practice this way of life, you will be universally welcomed here on earth and ultimately in the spirit world as well.
In the American way of life you have been accustomed to eating bread and butter, but imagine that you were elevated to the spirit world and could only eat rice 'and hot pepper paste. How would you feel? You would feel you were living in a foreign place. In a similar way, if you lived on earth according to a set of rules which did not apply in the spirit world, you would not be able to enjoy life in the spirit world. My endeavor here on earth is to transmit to you the reality of the spiritual atmosphere so that you can learn to live with it comfortably. Then when you enter the spirit world you will feel totally at home. Instead of getting a stomach ache because the food is strange, you can have your usual bread and butter to eat all the time! Since you have already been accustomed to the spiritual way of life, you will have lots of energy in the spirit world and feel like doing all sorts of things.
You see what a simple truth the Unification Church is teaching. I am guiding you how to live according to the spiritual rhythms while we are here on earth. Having become thoroughly accustomed here to the environment of the spirit world, you will feel very much at home there. I can teach you these things because I know the spirit world very well.
Mastering the spiritual environment can be compared to mastering other disciplines. Let's say you are studying law, working toward a bachelor's degree, then a master's degree, and finally a doctorate degree in order to master your field. By the same token I know about the environment where we will dwell for eternity and I am teaching it to you. When I transmit that environment to you and you become accustomed to it through self discipline, you are ready for eternity.
Let's suppose this young man has been pursuing a strange and wild way of life. If he were to enter spirit world in such a condition he would find himself completely isolated, without any object for give and take. The spiritual environment would be completely foreign to him since he did not live that way while on earth. Do you follow? Then do you welcome my discipline?
Fund raising is one important aspect of our training. Through it you learn how to handle persecution and how to care for material things.
I have learned how to adapt to whatever environment I enter. For example, if I go someplace where everybody is drinking and having fun, I can harmonize with them even without drinking just by showing lively interest in the people. I can even speak about God to them. With just a glass of Coca Cola, I can feel more intoxicated than the others, and they will comment, "How strange! You are only drinking Coke, but you are enjoying it more than we are enjoying our wine. What is your secret?" I could tell them, "Your taste buds get numbed by wine so you can't appreciate how good Coca Cola tastes. But I really enjoy the taste, so it has made me intoxicated."
If I go to a construction site, I know exactly how to deal with the laborers and how to do the things that they do. When you go into the laborers' environment, you must play by their rules. Do you understand? In other words, wherever you are you can always represent good. The universe protects a harmonizing person; it is even responsible to protect such a person.
Many religious people feel bound by innumerable laws and restrictions, but the fact is that once we come to the core truth of the universe and follow it we can be free. Therefore, in a way, the Unification Church offers a freer way of life than any other religion.
Consider how free we are to examine other ideas. Established Christian churches often view us as heretics, and they are even afraid to deal with us. However, each of you feels comfortable to enter any church and pray and fellowship with its members. You can be absolutely natural and unafraid wherever you go, because you are in touch with the core truth of the universe.
When I came to the United States I behaved in a very natural manner and never got upset by any hostile atmosphere. When I go to Japan I never consider the past enemy relationship between Korea and Japan; instead, I transcend those feelings and make myself completely at home in Japan and love the Japanese people. When I go to Germany, it is the same. Any new place I visit I always think, "I am coming into a different season, like going from spring to autumn. I must adapt myself to the changes. No problem." In other words, I do not feel like a stranger anywhere in this universe. Everybody everywhere is a part of God's family and creation, and I can always embrace people wherever I go because I know the universe is protecting me. My distinguishing characteristic the ability to adjust immediately to any circumstance.
One extreme example of this adaptability was my response to being imprisoned in North and South Korea. I didn't tell myself I shouldn't be in such a place; instead, I became a leader of people no matter where I was. There are always people to talk to and teach about God, even in jail.
This harmonizing way of life doesn't spring from a shallow perspective; this ability to make myself at home wherever I go is anchored to the core truth of the universe. I have walked through life as an absolute subject, so wherever I have gone, an object has automatically appeared. Don't you think this is a wonderful way of life?
I know that the core or essence of the universe is God, and He functions in exactly this fashion. To recognize God is to recognize the spirit world as well. The spirit world is subject realm and we are living in the object realm. I know the rules of that subject world.
Everybody needs a home, so don't you think God does too? Why does God need a home? The answer is simple but true: since we as God's objects need a home, our subject needs a home too. God needs an object just as we do. In the Bible Jesus said that when two or three are gathered together in his name he will be there. Why didn't he say he would be present when one person prays? Why does God come to two or more people? When a man prays by himself he might forget about the needs of women and ask just for his own concerns. God abhors a self-centered prayer, but when a man prays for God to forget about him and give a blessing to a woman instead, such a prayer sparks God's interest.
Suppose a devout man and a devout woman pray continuously, each claiming to need only God. Such a life of faith creates a simple, straight line between a person and God, but it doesn't allow for circular motion and harmony; linear motion without harmony does not produce laughter and joy. Universal truth requires that the ideal always contain at least three points. Therefore, a woman needs another point, in addition to herself and God. When a devout woman reaches God, will she turn back toward herself, or head in man's direction? She is more likely to turn toward the man.
Those who ignore other people will eventually collapse from lack of energy. In contrast, circular movement is like refueling, because in so doing you pick up energy. Husband and wife in interaction with God have increased energy. Joined with your spouse in a circuit of love with God, your batteries are recharged. You are snappy and bounding with enough energy to launch you into orbit! The woman is always moving toward her husband's territory in order to occupy it, and the man is moving toward his wife's territory - all in order to consummate love. Such a couple inscribes a gigantic circle in the universe and draws God into the center. In other words, when a man and woman swap positions in love, God can come down and dwell in their midst. Such a united couple goes up, and God comes down, creating all kinds of circular motion.
After establishing a dynamic relationship as three individuals, God, husband and wife, you are always looking for a fourth point. With such love, you can consummate your ideal and give meaning to everything. But without such love, your life is as dry as an autumn leaf, lacking energy and vitality.
God is the universal plus and universal minus. Plus and minus always seek their complement. The universal minus comes down to earth searching for a physical plus, and the universal plus comes down to earth searching for a physical minus. Since minus repels minus and plus repels plus, the meeting place for give and take between the spirit world and the physical world is always a crossing point. When the universal minus comes down in search of plus energy on earth, it crosses the universal plus coming down in search of minus energy on earth, creating a beautiful cosmic interaction.
Plus and minus keep pulling on each other. There are two basic kinds of give and take movement between them, vertical and horizontal, and both kinds are essential. Vertical and horizontal are brought into focus at the crossing point where heavenly plus and minus meet earthly plus and minus.
From a universal viewpoint, solitary individuals, no matter how great they may be, are like cripples, unable to truly move forward. Men and women must t search for each other, because alone they cannot experience true joy and laughter. A man and woman joined together is the center of the universe.
Your mind is the vertical element and your body the horizontal element. Within your mind you should establish the vertical subject object relationship and within your body the horizontal sub
ject / object relationship. Your mind is always searching after something higher and nobler; that is vertical give and take. To recognize your mind means to recognize your mind's object, since without an object for give and take the mind cannot function. To. recognize your mind is to recognize the existence of subject and object in the invisible world. Then who is the subject of your mind? It is the universal mind, or God, the center or essence of love. Your mind longs for absolute love; it constantly searches for a higher perfection of love. It is amazing the strange internal excitement people feel upon joining the Unification Church! Your mind just wants to pursue the church. School no longer seems appealing; your job no longer is interesting; you just want to go this direction and hear more about the church and see True Parents. Why? It is the magnetic pull of universal love.
However, you cannot experience fulfillment just through a vertical relationship with God. God also created the horizontal world in which you must have loving give and take as men and women, subject and object. Your vertical give and take, combined with the horizontal give and take, forms a universal circle, a gigantic sphere. Why do you want to make a gigantic circle? Because it thrusts you into the realm of eternal life, eternal love, and eternal perfection, in which you are totally embraced by God.
Think of it: if God is truly almighty, surely He has designed some kind of eternal life, eternal love, and eternal perfection. To state it another way, even the almighty God couldn't find a better topic than ours this morning! God is listening to what I am saying and He is responding, "Amen!"
When you live in this manner, inscribing such a gigantic circle, every creature you encounter win respond "Amen!" to you. The grass will say "Amen" when you step on it. You can touch a tree and it will respond, "Amen." You can pick a flower and it will say, "Amen."
This morning we have covered a great deal of material. I have spoken about the essence of the universal and the core of existence. There is a gigantic universe, and each human being is a small universe; we are the microcosm of the macrocosm. The microcosm corresponds to the macrocosm; the core of each is love.
Let's say this side of the blackboard represents woman, the minus element, and the other side represents man, the plus element. If the man and woman each have perfect vertical relationships, by what power can the two be united? What will bring the two together, from bottom to top? What kind of glue can you use? Diamonds? Power? Knowledge? You say love, true love, and you are right: the glue is love. But does this love-glue work only in the twentieth century and not in the first or thirtieth century? No, love-glue holds throughout eternity.
Let's consider why men and women need to be united in the first place. Men and women joined together form a gigantic plus and minus. Vertically, they create an enormous spiritual plus and minus, and horizontally, a physical plus and minus, together forming one gigantic revolving circle. Perfected men and women who are united vertically and horizontally create a vast revolving circle, and their perfected plus and minus has give and take with the plus and minus of God.
When you establish your give and take with God's universal love, He comes down to live within you. When God dwells within you, you experience perfection. The man draws the woman towards him and the woman draws the man towards her, each inviting the other to move closer. As plus and minus approach, does each thrust itself forward in a straight line, or move in a circular way? Once men and women or plus and minus meet, do they touch on one side or meet at the center? They join at the center, because that is where the vertical axis is. You and your spouse should link up at the midpoint because that is how you become the center of the ideal.
Considering all this, a woman cannot demand that her husband move over to her position and enter her way of life in order to love her. American woman tend to sit and wait for the man to open the door for them, like a chauffeur. Should the Unification Church do things in reverse and have the women open doors for the men? That would be nice for a change - although not all the time! When a woman goes to the bathroom and sees that it is out of toilet paper, does she call out, "Man, come and bring me some tissue"? For a change, why not have the man sit on the toilet and cry out to the woman, "Bring me the tissue"? If you are concerned only about your dignity, you might tell your spouse, "Come and get your own tissue." But if you are thinking from the perspective of love, you Will be willing to go and say, "Here is a tissue for you, my dear." Love should be the motivation for all your actions; then you will experience no complaints but only joy.
Sometimes you might give your spouse a massage. When the one who asks for the massage does so out of love, and the one who offers it does so out of love, that is give and take in love. In extending yourself to your spouse out of love, the two of you meet in the center. When husband and wife have give and take of such universal love, all the birds will come and want. to listen to the songs of love pouring out if their house, even if there are no trees nearby for them to perch upon. I think there are more birds dwelling in our trees at Belvedere and East Garden than any other place in Tarrytown because they can see true love being shared. This morning the birds are out there singing. When you hear them, you should think, "The birds are calling me; I want to respond to them."
The sun wants to hit Belvedere and East Garden first in the morning because there is so much love here. Even the spring breezes want to blow here because all existence heads for the place of greatest love.
People can go about life in two different ways: one person constantly whistling out of love for God and another living from day to day, just eating, working and sleeping, existing in animalistic darkness. How different the two extremes are! What kind of life would you prefer: the life of divine love or an animalistic existence?
People may say various things about the Moonies, but what do we care, as long as we are living in a God-centered way and the universe recognizes us? Who are truly the happiest people? Moonies, right?
Do you like Moonies? Even if I said I didn't like Moonies, as long as God says He does, you can be proud of your identity, right? You know that is true.
Actually, today's sermon turned out to be a Principle lecture focusing on chapter one, the Principle of the Creation. Until I explain to you these deep truths about the universe, you cannot comprehend them. Would you like me to write a book on Principle myself? If I did, chapter one alone would be too thick for you to carry!
There is a most natural conclusion to this principle. The vertical dimension is the spirit world, and the horizontal dimension is the physical world. On the horizontal level, there is the Oriental world and the Occidental world, which engage in give and take through their crossing point. What power under the sun do you think can unite the Western world and the Eastern world? Knowledge? Culture? Love? You answer love, but what kind of love? True and absolute love. Absolute means always present, never missing for a moment. Absolute means night or morning, any time, any place. Even when you are alone, you are still living in absolute love. Whether at school, at home, or out in society, you dwell in absolute love.
When you peel off the skin of a seed, you find two parts inside. The outer part, or the wrapping, represents God and the universe; inside it you find plus and minus. The potential of life lies in that seed, but that potential is not activated until some vertical power operates from the outside. The horizontal atmosphere also must add some elements for growth. So the seed itself is a small universe. When it is buried inside the soil, with the proper moisture and temperature, its function can begin. A new life commences, and inside the seed give and take action takes place in a circular motion. The essence of life, the embryo, remains dormant and waiting until the right horizontal conditions are added, when that sleeping embryo can wake up and start to emerge. Then people see the bud, the sprout. Thus, in compliance with universal law, harmony is necessary between the vertical and horizontal dimensions for even the seed to grow.
The little sprout becomes a sapling, which grows into a big tree, which will blossom, produce flowers, and create more seeds. Thus the new seeds become another essence of life, completing the cycle of circular motion, and history goes on. The circle of life which starts from the seed moves up, blossoms and produces more seeds. Every seed is formed through such a cycle. This is how life is multiplied. Whoever wants to take a shortcut instead of following that circle cannot become a good seed.
It may take three years for a tree to create a new seed, but after a hundred years there are hundreds of seeds. Two centuries later, there are even more seeds. Are each of these seeds the same or are they totally different? They are identical because they have all been formed through the same disciplined cycle and have not deviated one iota.
There is an analogous process in human beings. A person is born, grows through a certain cycle to maturity, then marries and gives birth to new life. This is the way human life has continued and multiplied. This cycle has a certain length which no one can shorten. Within this cycle men and women meet, unite horizontally as husband and wife, and give birth to children, completing the cycle. So people are supposed to have children. Without children a couple feels lonely and unfulfilled, since they are not completing that cycle. Without completing that cycle you do not feel like you are fully part of the universe.
Even a bird lays eggs, incubates and hatches them, and brings food to the hungry chicks' mouths. It is amazing the way they know how to feed their young. Watching a sparrow feeding its chicks you can feel the close relationship between people and birds. Children are conceived and carried by their mother, who nurses them at her breast.
When a Western couple goes to the Orient they are almost always fascinated by the children. They may not be so interested in the adults they meet, but the little children with black hair and dark eyes are so cute the visitors want to squeeze them. Even a negatively-inclined person looks upon his children with affection. A hungry lion will refrain from killing another animal if it is a mother nursing its young. Until you have a baby of your own you cannot know this kind of feeling.
You women here, would you like to have your own children? What about you men? I thought that Western young people felt they didn't need children; they just seek the fun life between men and women! That's not true?
The ultimate goal of men and women is to have great children. Even people who are far from perfect long to have good children, both physically and spiritually. What are good children? Those who embrace and represent the universal essence, which is absolute love. I have one big ambition: to see such good children coming from all the Unification Church men and women.
To have good children, you need to be able to parent them. To be a capable parent, you have to know how to love nature, the universe, and your fellow man, as well as how to love God. That is the fundamental principle behind our fund raising activities in the Unification Church. The last reason for fund raising is because we need money. The money gained on MIT is not for yourself but for the sake of the world. You try to gain as much money as possible for the purpose of world salvation. Like watering seeds in the soil so they can grow into plants, you earn money and it gets sprinkled all over the world. When you get married, you can go out and harvest the results of those seeds you sprinkled all over the world.
Another key to raising your children is the ability to love unselfishly. For that purpose you go out to the world before marriage, during your three-year engagement period, and practice loving the world and learning how to care for other people. Ultimately, you will love your husband and children more than anybody else, but first you demonstrate your love for your fellow man-including the strangers on the street and even the people who oppose you. When you can taste all the persecution and pour out even more love than before, that is a beautiful thing to behold.
Unification Church members practice loving others not only in preparation for marriage but after marriage as well in order to create the most exemplary families before heaven and earth. Once you have been disciplined through undergoing persecution and still loving your persecutors, you and your spouse and children will be able to endure any adversity. Even though your spouse may be unkind to you at times, there is nothing you cannot endure; compared to the challenges you have overcome in the past, marital problems will be easier to resolve.
Without such training under adversity, you may be too touchy when you get together with your spouse. Your spouse may say something just slightly harsh and you may respond like a firecracker immediately and violently. Without the above foundation you would have no ability to endure.
The core of love binds the universe together. Marriage is very important, but you need preparation. In a way, marriage is the bond between the heavenly kingdom and the earthly kingdom. Marriage is the meeting point between eternal life and physical life. Husband and wife may start out at quite a distance from each other, but as they build a marriage the gap between them gradually narrows until eventually they meet at this one crossing point. Once you create this loving core, you can expand from it, your love spiraling out in one direction and then another, becoming wider and wider, until it covers the entire earth.
According to this principle, you could say that love alone can encompass the entire universe. Any action centered upon this love is welcomed in the universe. Nothing centered on this love can be rejected or expelled. The training ground for this kind of personality is the topic of my message today, "God and My Home."
Who was Adam? The visible, horizontal God. God in heaven is the vertical God, but Adam was
the horizontal God. The creating originator is God and the created originator was Adam. How wonderful that is! In other words, human beings are co-creators with God.
Vertically, there is the subject God, but He needs an object God. The horizontal God needs a mate, and Eve is that mate or partner. Another way of expressing this is that God is the Father and Mother of mankind, the dual essentialities, and Eve represents the motherliness of God on the horizontal level while Adam represents the fatherliness of God on the horizontal level. Through marriage men and women are united, linking the horizontal father and mother God with the vertical God, creating a home in which every essence of the universe dwells. This is truly home, sweet home where every creature can be harmonized. Such a family and such a home is the kernel of God's ideal for the universe. Such a home is the love-seed for creating all other creatures. Do you agree with me?
Man is to live with the dignity of God, and woman is to live with the dignity of the wife of God. Such dignity should characterize your married life.
When men and women come together it is like two universes joining. The Western way of life is concerned primarily about the horizontal universe, eliminating the possibility of the vertical universe entering it. However, the vertical and horizontal universes must come together, and it is important to put the proper one first, the vertical. Therefore, you must find the vertical love first.
I am sure that many of you feel you have gone through much hardship in the Unification Church, doing so much fund raising, being engaged for such a long time with no wedding in sight. But such experiences give you the opportunity to mature and perfect your vertical love. I have been telling you almost to ignore your fiancee because once you find your vertical love with God your relationship with your fiancee will automatically develop.
Since the human fall was the failure of human beings to consummate their vertical love, the first priority of restoration is vertical love. Therefore, you must learn first to consummate your vertical love and transform fallen love into something holy. Until you gain that perfected vertical love, you must not engage in horizontal love; the restoration of vertical love is the prerequisite for the expression of horizontal love.
Am I speaking the truth? Raise your hands, those who are engaged. How many of you can say with confidence you have perfected your vertical love? Whoever dares to get married before perfecting vertical love is like a heretic before God.
The key point of this morning's sermon is to develop the attitude that God's house is your house, and your house is God's house. This is the right topic for the right day. Today is a beautiful spring morning. In weather like this, surrounded by beautiful flowers and green plants, your mind tends to be dreamy and your thoughts naturally float toward your fiancee, wondering how many more days you must wait before I give you the real marriage!
We have touched on some very important points this morning. Our goal is to create a world in which God and all the creatures of the universe can smile for the first time. We are like a baseball player hitting a home run into that world. The sensation of love can be compared to hitting the ball is hit with your love bat, hearing it spin through the beautiful sky with the sound of love through the beautiful sky, making a home run. The echoes of our accomplishments reverberate throughout the world.
One final question: are God's home and our home two different dwellings, or one and the same? They must be the same. The ultimate goal is for the seed of divine love to germinate and grow. God's love-seed and human love-seed must be the same; therefore, our home must be the dwelling place of God. The love-seed is the God-centered family, the building block of heaven, and when it is planted it creates the ideal society, nation and world. Once that love-seed germinates and grows to completion and every flower has bloomed, that will be the Kingdom of Heaven on earth and thereafter, in heaven. Amen.
Please concentrate your energies and your thoughts on nurturing the love-seed within you. The preciousness of this love-seed is greater than any diamond or even mountain of diamonds; even the marvels of springtime cannot compare with its beauty. Just to contemplate the prospects of developing this love-seed can bring more happiness than the free expression of fallen love. The ultimate goal is for the embryo within the love-seed to germinate and transform you into a new creature.
Once you consummate this vertical love and once society has been perfected, it will be all right for couples to kiss in public, and God will be able to rejoice in such expression of affection. But people in this fallen world understand nothing about the vertical dimension of love and they just seek to satisfy their physical drives and desires. Animal-type behavior is abhorred by God. Some time ago, I visited Miami Beach, Florida, and observed the young people, those so-called hippies, who live in such a shameless manner. They kiss and embrace with total abandon on the beach. I counted one couple's kisses and how long each kiss lasted; one kiss lasted more than 30 minutes. I almost went and kicked them! To live just for physical sensations is a virtually unforgivable affront to the universe.
In contrast, we are seeking the eternal spiritual sensations. How different is the way of life I am teaching you! We are Moonies, and our pride is the Moonie way of life.
Those of you who can say, "Father, now I understand the truth more deeply. I am proud to be a Moonie, and I am determined to become a love-seed and the center of the universe," raise your hand. God bless you. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '1', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.958003580570221}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '50603', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:M4DJU36UBL2ZWMLUQ4PGHBKIQAZ3NNSI', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:79ac3b64-9c8e-43e3-9564-95ed350c6bfc>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 12, 10, 20, 55, 48), 'WARC-IP-Address': '96.9.96.89', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:MW7KYMQJKRD4M3VHK54TBEIVHXOFQZTV', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:0e30ea1c-5a75-4fef-8051-2b2c2fdccfef>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.unification.net/1982/820425.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:40173b56-35b8-482e-a5b6-68ccea3ab4a5>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '8739', 'url': 'http://www.unification.net/1982/820425.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-51\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for December 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-182-98-18.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.17674589157104492', 'original_id': '4aca6e111366cf6a8b64554b1643caccc88118c95ecb1cef76083b9883b3a6ce'} |
#!/bin/sh
# This is a generated file; do not edit or check into version control.
export "FLUTTER_ROOT=/Volumes/mac-suport/Dev/flutter"
export "FLUTTER_APPLICATION_PATH=/Volumes/mac-suport/Projects/FlutterProject/blocpattern/example"
export "FLUTTER_TARGET=lib/main.dart"
export "FLUTTER_BUILD_DIR=build"
export "SYMROOT=${SOURCE_ROOT}/../build/ios"
export "FLUTTER_FRAMEWORK_DIR=/Volumes/mac-suport/Dev/flutter/bin/cache/artifacts/engine/ios"
export "FLUTTER_BUILD_NAME=1.0.0"
export "FLUTTER_BUILD_NUMBER=1"
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '0da1c5ec47818bb5f3a71ecbe3f84ec3205d05ee61ef69a86067c63e01d83a15'} |
In a conference call, Immelt noted, “Appliance run rates have gotten sequentially better, which would indicate either our [retail] customers are building inventory or there’s better demand from our consumers.”
GE vice chairman and chief financial officer Keith Sherin added, “We’re 16 months into this cycle in terms of home building, and the inventory rebalance levels have been pretty robust already at the retailers, so now we’re kind of seeing flow-through with our order rates.”
In a statement accompanying the release of Electrolux’s first-quarter results, Straberg observed, “In North America, we’ve experienced 11 consecutive quarters of weakening demand. Even if the decrease is expected to continue in the coming quarters, we see some early signs that we are beginning to reach the bottom … The challenge for us right now is to strike the right balance between the brakes and the gas pedal in order to stand strong when demand turns around.” | mini_pile | {'original_id': '8ee6a658365a2dc5d9ecb8577bad7e07f296f3506174cce4569e90b84a92e83b'} |
---
abstract: 'Życzkowski, Horodecki, Sanpera, and Lewenstein (ZHSL) recently proposed a “natural measure” on the $N$-dimensional quantum systems, but expressed surprise when it led them to conclude that for $N = 2 \times 2$, disentangled (separable) systems are more probable ($0.632 \pm 0.002$) in nature than entangled ones. We contend, however, that ZHSL’s (rejected) intuition has, in fact, a sound theoretical basis, and that the [*a priori*]{} probability of disentangled $2 \times 2$ systems should more properly be viewed as (considerably) less than 0.5. We arrive at this conclusion in two quite distinct ways, the first based on classical and the second, quantum considerations. Both approaches, however, replace (in whole or part) the ZHSL (product) measure by ones based on the volume elements of [*monotone*]{} metrics, which in the classical case amounts to adopting the Jeffreys’ prior of Bayesian theory. Only the quantum-theoretic analysis — which yields the smallest probabilities of disentanglement — uses the [*minimum*]{} number of parameters possible, that is $N^{2} - 1$, as opposed to $N^{2} + N -1$ (although this “over-parameterization”, as recently indicated by Byrd, should be avoidable). However, despite substantial computation, we are not able to obtain precise estimates of these probabilities and the need for additional (possibly supercomputer) analyses is indicated — particularly so for higher-dimensional quantum systems (such as the $2 \times 3$ ones, we also study here).'
address: |
ISBER, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-2150\
e-mail: slater@itp.ucsb.edu, FAX: (805) 893-7995
author:
- 'Paul B. Slater'
title: '[*A priori*]{} Probabilities of Separable Quantum States'
---
-0.1cm
Keywords: Quantum entanglement, separable states, monotone metrics, Jeffreys’ prior, Haar measure,
partial transposition
INTRODUCTION
============
In a recent paper[@zycz1], Życzkowski, Horodecki, Sanpera and Lewenstein (ZHSL) [@zycz1] sought to estimate “how many entangled (disentangled) states exist among all quantum states”. They gave three principal reasons for their study: (1) to answer the question “is the world [*more classical*]{} or [*more quantum*]{}?”; (2) to know, for the purposes of numerical simulation, “to what extent entangled quantum systems may be considered as typical”; and (3) “to investigate how frequently certain nonseparable states, ‘peculiarly’ admitting time reversal in one subsystem, arise”. In response to the first query, ZHSL concluded — to their “surprise” [@zycz1 p. 889] — that although the (higher-dimensional) “world” is, in general, more quantum than classical, this is not so for the $2 \times 2$ quantum systems. We contend here, however, that alternative analyses based on the concept of [*monotone*]{} metrics on classical and quantum systems [@petzsudar], lead to the elimination of this exception to their general rule.
In their investigation, ZHSL obtained a variety of both analytical and numerical bounds on the volumes of the sets of separable states for various dimensions, using what they asserted was a “natural measure” on the space of density matrices (cf. [@wootters]). In the first analytical part of this communication (sec. \[semiclassical\]), we indicate an essential degree of arbitrariness in the choice of measure by ZHSL, and its consequences for the results they have reported (cf. [@slater1]). We then argue in favor of a specific alternative — well-founded on statistical principles — which leads to a markedly [*smaller*]{} probability of encountering a disentangled (separable) state. (The numerical results we report are for the $2 \times 2$, $2 \times 3$ and $3 \times 3$ quantum systems.) Then, in sec. \[quantum\], we study the use of methods more fundamentally quantum-theoretic in nature — requiring us to develop a quite distinct set of procedures than those used by ZHSL and followed in sec. \[semiclassical\]. (Due to the associated large computational demands, we have primarily limited our analyses to the $2 \times 2$ systems, but in sec \[quanttwobythree\] we do, in fact, initiate a parallel investigation of the $2 \times 3$ systems.) We obtain for each of more than thirty pairs of parameters, determining the fineness of approximating square grids and three-dimensional simplicial decompositions, a set of three probabilities of disentanglement (Table \[table1\]), each probability being based on a distinct form of monotone metric [@slater2; @petztoth]. The sets are intended to determine a range of values within which any suitable candidate (meeting underlying natural criteria of [*monotonicity*]{}) for the “true” [*a priori*]{} probability of disentanglement must lie. Essentially all such probabilities we obtain turn out to be considerably smaller than both the result of ZHSL ($0.632
\pm .002$) and the alternative to it ($\approx 0.35$) we promote in sec. \[semiclassical\], based on the Jeffreys’ prior of Bayesian theory. However, the need for additional computational work is indicated in order to sharpen the estimates reported in secs. \[n123n27\] \[n119n28\] and \[additional\], as well as to extend our general approach to higher-dimensional quantum systems. (We are reminded, to some degree, of the computational/combinatorial challenges of lattice gauge theory [@davies].) In sec. \[restricted\], we switch from the explicit enumeration approach (based on regular grids and simplicial decompositions) to a randomization methodology (such as ZHSL employed in their studies) — but also find this to be highly computationally demanding, since we must search in a high-dimensional parameter space for those particular points corresponding to density matrices.
A conservative evaluation of the accumulated evidence of the multiple quantum-theoretic analyses we report (Tables \[table1\] \[table2\] \[tablerandom\]) indicates that the [*a priori*]{} probability of disentanglement for the $2 \times 2$ systems should be regarded — using any of a continuum of possible acceptable standards, in particular that provided by the [*minimal*]{} monotone (Bures) metric — as [*no more*]{} than eleven percent. As to a [*lower*]{} bound, on the other hand, on the probability of separability, it remains an unsettled issue as to whether or not the [*maximal*]{} monotone metric should be viewed as furnishing a bound strictly greater than zero.
In our concluding remarks (sec. \[Concluding\]), we draw attention to an interesting recent analysis of M. Byrd (personal communication), bearing upon the issue of whether or not the use of “over-parameterizations” by ZHSL and (following them) by us in sec. \[semiclassical\], can be averted.
SEMICLASSICAL STATISTICAL ANALYSES OF $3 \times 3$, $2 \times 3$ and $2 \times 2$ QUANTUM SYSTEMS {#semiclassical}
=================================================================================================
ZHSL [@zycz1] used as a measure on the space of $N \times N$ density matrices the product of the Haar measure for the unitary group $U(N)$ and the uniform distribution on the $(N-1)$-dimensional simplex spanned by the $N$ eigenvalues of the density matrix. Now, we see no basis (within the semiclassical framework adopted by ZHSL) for questioning the use of the Haar measure. However, the selection of the uniform distribution on the simplex appears not to be so compelling, as it lacks as convincing a rationale as the group-theoretic argument for the Haar measure (cf. [@boya]). Also, we must point out that the analyses of ZHSL are based on “over-parametrizations”, since $N^{2} +N -1$ parameters are used, while the convex set of $N \times N$ density matrices is only $(N^{2} -1$)-dimensional in nature. Though we adhere to this over-parameterization in the analyses of this section, in sec. \[quantum\] we revert to the more natural and conventional form.
The uniform distribution on the $(N-1)$-dimensional simplex ($p_{1} + \ldots + p_{N} = 1$; $p_{i} \geq 0$) can be considered to be that specific member of the (continuous) family of Dirichlet probability distributions [@wilks; @ferguson sec. 7.7], $$\label{dirichletdist}
{\Gamma(\nu_{1} + \ldots + \nu_{N}) \over \Gamma(\nu_{1}) \ldots
\Gamma(\nu_{N})} p_{1}^{\nu_{1} -1} \ldots p_{N-1}^{\nu_{N-1} - 1}
(1- p_{1} - \ldots - p_{N-1})^{\nu_{N}-1}; \quad
\nu_{1} > 0, \ldots, \nu_{N} > 0$$ which has all its $N$ parameters ($\nu$’s) set equal to unity. The family of Dirchlet distributions is [*conjugate*]{}, in that if one selects a [*prior*]{} distribution belonging to it, then, through the application of Bayes’ rule to observations drawn from a multinomial distribution, one arrives at a [*posterior*]{} distribution which is also within the family.
Jeffreys’ prior
---------------
Of strongest interest, however, for our purposes here, is that the principle of reparameterization invariance (based on the [*Fisher information*]{} [@frieden1; @frieden2]) leads to the special case (the Jeffreys’ prior) in which (\[dirichletdist\]) has all its $N$ parameters set equal to [*one-half*]{} [@berger eq. (3.7)] [@kass] and not [*unity*]{}, as for the uniform distribution. “The main intuitive motivation for Jeffreys’ priors is [*not*]{} their invariance, which is certainly a necessary, but in general far from sufficient condition to determine a sensible reference prior; what makes Jeffreys’ priors unique is that they are [*uniform*]{} measures in a particular metric which may be defended as the ‘natural’ choice for statistical inference” [@bernardokass]. By way of illustration, Kass [@kass sec. 2] (cf. [@antonelli]), using the transformations $p_{i} = 2 z_{i}^2$, demonstrates how the Jeffreys’ prior for the trinomial model ($N=3$) on the two-dimensional simplex, can be (making use of spherical polar coordinates) transformed to the uniform distribution on the positive-octant portion of the two-dimensional sphere, $z_{1}^{2} + z_{2}^{2} + z_{3}^2 = 4$ of radius 2. (Braunstein and Milburn [@braunstein] show that for two-level [*quantum*]{} systems, statistical distinguishability is just the \[Bures/minimal monotone\] metric on the surface of the unit sphere in [*four*]{} dimensions. In contrast, the space of $n$-level quantum systems is “not a space of constant curvature for $n > 2$ and not even a locally symmetric space. The physical meaning of this fact seems to be an interesting open question” [@dittmann] (cf. [@dittmann2; @hiai]).)
Clarke and Barron [@clarke1; @clarke2] (cf. [@rissanen]) have established that Jeffreys’ priors (the normalized volume elements of Fisher information metrics) asymptotically maximize Shannon’s mutual information between a sample of size $n$ and the parameter, and that Jeffreys’ prior is the unique continuous prior that achieves the asymptotic minimax risk when the loss function is the Kullback-Leibler distance between the true density and the predictive density. (The possibility of extending the “universal coding” results of Clarke and Barron to the [*quantum*]{} domain, has been investigated in [@kratt] (cf. [@jozsa]).) Clarke [@clarke3] asserts that “Jeffreys’ prior can be justified by four distinct arguments”. In addition, Balasubramanian [@vj] “cast parametric model selection as a disordered statistical mechanics on the space of probability distributions” and “derived and discussed a novel interpretation of Jeffreys’ prior as the uniform prior on the probability distributions indexed by a parametric family” (cf. [@vj2]).
Now, it is of interest to note that in the limit in which the $N$ parameters ($\nu$’s) of the Dirichlet distribution (\[dirichletdist\]) all go to zero, the distribution becomes totally concentrated on the pure states of the $N$-dimensional quantum system. Since ZHSL showed that in “the subspace of all pure states, the measure of separable states is equal to zero” [@zycz1 p. 886], we would anticipate, making use of a continuity argument, that the measure or volume of the set of separable states would increase if all $N$ parameters of (\[dirichletdist\]) were fixed at one-half (Jeffreys’ prior), but still be less than if they were all taken to be equal to unity, [*etc*]{}. (“The purer a quantum state is, the smaller its probability of being separable” [@zycz1 p. 891].)
The case of $3 \times 3$ quantum systems {#sec3x3}
----------------------------------------
We have, in fact, tested these last contentions regarding competing measures of separability, through numerical means, first, generating a set of three thousand random $9 \times 9$ unitary matrices ($N=9$), following the (Hurwitz/Euler angle) prescription given in [@zycz2 eqs. (3.1)-(3.5)]. From it, we produced (in the manner of ZHSL [@zycz1 eq. (34)]) three sets of three thousand $9 \times 9$ density matrices: one set based on the selection $\nu_{1} = \ldots = \nu_{9} ={1 \over 2} $; another for $\nu_{1} = \ldots =
\nu_{9} = 1$ (as, in effect, done in [@zycz1]); and a third for $\nu_{1} = \ldots = \nu_{9} = {3 \over 2}$. (Random realizations of the Dirichlet distributions were generated based on the fact that they can be considered to be joint distributions of \[univariate\] gamma distributions [@wilks; @ferguson]. The three thousand instances we obtain are obviously far fewer in number than the “several millions” ZHSL [@zycz1] apparently employed as a general rule in their series of analyses of quantum systems of various dimensions. This is primarily due to our full reliance on MATHEMATICA, while ZHSL — as K. Życzkowski wrote in a personal communication — employed FORTRAN routines for random number generation. Nevertheless, as noted immediately below, Życzkowski, using his speedier routines, has confirmed the main aspects of our analysis. Additionally, the [*quantum-theoretic*]{} analyses of sec. \[quantum\] require a quite different set of algorithms, and it is far from clear whether our use there of MATHEMATICA is in any way relatively inefficient.)
Then, we determined whether all (nine of) the eigenvalues of the [*partial transpositions*]{} of the random density matrices (viewing them as $(3 \times 3) \times (3 \times 3)$ density matrices, in the manner of (21) in [@horo]) were positive (as they must be in the separable case) or not. For the $\nu = {1 \over 2}$ (Jeffreys’ prior) scenario, eighty-three of the three thousand density matrices had this positivity property, while considerably more (six hundred and two) possessed it for $\nu = 1$ and still more (one thousand two hundred and ninety-six) for $\nu = {3 \over 2}$. Thus, we note an approximate decrease by a factor of ${83 \over 602} \approx .138$ in the upper bound on our suggested probability of encountering a separable state [*vis-á-vis*]{} the analysis of ZHSL.
The cases of $2 \times 3$ and $2 \times 2$ quantum sytems {#semi2by3}
---------------------------------------------------------
We, then, conducted parallel analyses to those in sec. \[sec3x3\] for the $2 \times 3$ and $2 \times 2$ systems. (For both such systems, but not higher-dimensional ones, such as the $3 \times 3$, the positivity of the partial transposition is a sufficient, as well as necessary condition for separability [@horo]. So, we will be estimating probabilities themselves, rather than upper bounds on them.) In both cases, we now employed ten thousand realizations. In the $2 \times 3$ case, we found 1,309 separable states, using $\nu = {1 \over 2}$, and 4,135 for $\nu= 1$, as well as 6,357 for $\nu = {3 \over 2}$. (Our statistic of .4135 needs to be compared with that of $.384 \pm
.002$ of ZHSL — which, as noted, was based on a much larger sample.) For the $2 \times 2$ systems, the analogous results were: 3,633; 6,564; and 7,946. So, we would conclude, in this analytical framework, that the proportion of separable states among the $2 \times 2$ quantum systems should be taken to be approximately .36 — which is well [*below*]{} the demarcation point of .5, [*above*]{} which ZHSL found their result of $.632 \pm .002$ (roughly comparable to ours of .6564) to (counterintuitively) lie.
K. Życzkowski has kindly repeated the analyses reported above for the case $\nu = {1 \over 2}$ (that is, Jeffreys’ prior), using 200,000 random realizations for each of the three scenarios. The probabilities of separability he obtained were (all digits being significant he states): .022 (for the $3 \times 3$ systems); .122 ($2 \times 3$ systems); and .352 ($2 \times 2$ systems). These should be compared with our results (based on considerably smaller samples) of .0277, .1309 and .3633, respectively.
These various numerical results are, thus, quite supportive of our arguments and help to fulfill the first objective of this letter of showing the dependence of estimates of the volume of the set of separable states on the particular choice of (symmetric) Dirichlet distribution on the $(N-1)$-dimensional simplex spanned by the $N$ eigenvalues of the $N \times N$ density matrix ($\rho$). We note again that ZHSL [@zycz1 p. 889] expressed “surprise that the probability that a mixed state $\rho \in H_{2} \times H_{2}$ is separable exceeds fifty percent”. Thus, they would have apparently been not so confounded if the uniform distribution on the three-simplex of eigenvalues had been replaced by the Jeffreys’ prior, since its use yields a [*more modest*]{} percentage of approximately thirty-five.
Let us also note that our suggested modification ($\nu = {1 \over 2}$) of the ZHSL measure ($\nu =1$) would appear to find some support in a recent paper concerned with a parameterization (sharing certain features with that of ZHSL) of the $N \times N$ density matrices [@boya]. Its authors consider the $N$ eigenvalues to be parameterized by the “squared components” of the $(N-1)$-sphere (rather than coordinates in the $(N-1)$-dimensional simplex, as in ZHSL). As noted above, in relation to [@kass], the Jeffreys’ prior is simply the uniform distribution on such a [*sphere*]{} — while ZHSL used instead the uniform distribution on the [*simplex*]{}.
QUANTUM-THEORETIC STATISTICAL ANALYSES OF $2 \times 2$ AND $2 \times 3$ SYSTEMS {#quantum}
===============================================================================
In [@slater1 sec. II.C], we presented evidence that certain statistical features of the product measure employed by ZHSL [@zycz1] were not reproducible through the use of any of the possible (continuum of) [*monotone*]{} metrics. A similar conclusion appears to hold if one replaces the uniform distribution in the ZHSL product measure (as we have done above in sec. \[semiclassical\]) by any other member of the family of Dirichlet distributions (\[dirichletdist\]). Since Petz and Sudár [@petzsudar] have argued that monotone metrics are the quantum analogues of the (classically unique) Fisher information metric, it would seem highly desirable to replace the product measures so far employed by ones based directly on the volume elements of such metrics. (In [@slatertherm], efforts were reported to integrate the volume elements of the [*minimal*]{} and [*maximal*]{} monotone metrics over the convex sets of $3 \times 3$ and $4 \times 4$ density matrices.) In so doing, we would avoid the nonparsimonious “over-parameterization” mentioned at the outset of sec. \[semiclassical\]. (However, it will be incumbent upon us to develop a quite distinct set of computational methods than those used by ZHSL and applied in sec. \[semiclassical\].)
We have, in fact, conducted such a series of analyses for the $2 \times 2$ quantum systems, based on a MATHEMATICA program containing [*two*]{} parameters of choice, $n_{1}$ and $n_{2}$. The parameter $n_{1}$ determines the fineness of a regular decomposition of the three-dimensional simplex — the points of which correspond now to the [*diagonal*]{} entries of $\rho$, and not the [*eigenvalues*]{}, as in sec. \[semiclassical\] and the work of ZHSL [@zycz1] and Boya [*et al*]{} [@boya]. (Of course, both the eigenvalues and diagonal entries of a density matrix are nonnegative and sum to unity. To compute the coordinates of the simplicial coordinates, we followed an algorithm for the next [*composition*]{} of an integer $N$ into $K$ parts, given in [@nij chap. 5], taking $K=4$ for our purposes, and then dividing each of the ${N + 3 \choose N}$ compositions generated by $N$.) The reciprocal of the parameter $n_{2}$ is the distance between adjacent points of a regular square grid — having its extreme points/corners at $({1 \over 2},{1 \over 2}),
({1 \over 2},-{1 \over 2}),(-{1 \over 2},-{1 \over 2})$ and $(-{1 \over 2},{1 \over 2})$ — imposed on a circle of radius one-half centered at the origin of the complex plane. (The off-diagonal entries of a density matrix can not exceed one-half in absolute value, so they must lie within this circle.)
For specific values of $n_{1}$ and $n_{2}$, within but challenging our computational capabilities, we generated the associated three-dimensional simplicial decompositions and twelve-dimensional uniform lattices (the six-fold Cartesian product of the imposed two-dimensional square grid — six, of course, corresponding to the number of pairs of off-diagonal entries). Then, we explicitly enumerated all those points in the fifteen-dimensional product space parameterizing the $4 \times 4$ density matrices of mixed states (that is, yielding matrices having all strictly positive eigenvalues, noting that the additional Hermiticity and trace requirements are automatically satisfied by construction). We would reject any density matrices of pure states (the totality of which form a six-dimensional subspace [@vanik]) that happened to be generated, since our measures (see immediately below) are singular on them, as well as more generally, degenerate density matrices, those density matrices not being of full rank (and hence having zero determinant). However, the possibility remains — in particular, since we will be computing (nonrobust) [*averages*]{} — that the behavior of the measures for a relatively few [*nearly*]{} degenerate states, can strongly influence the results (cf. Tables \[table1\] and \[table2\]).
By our purposeful design, the explicitly enumerated points are uniformly distributed (using the conventional parameterization) in the fifteen-dimensional convex set of $4 \times 4$ density matrices. We took several significant steps in our MATHEMATICA (“backtrack” [@nij chap. 27]) program to cut down on the (potentially huge) search spaces, by utilizing the requirement that all the principal minors of a density matrix must be nonnegative [@horn Thm. 7.2.5] [@bloore]. (A [*sufficient*]{} condition only, of possible interest, would be that the matrix is [*diagonally-dominant*]{} [@horn].) Also, in our later, larger analyses, we exploited certain permutational symmetries.
We, then, employed an [*ansatz*]{} of ours [@slatertherm], building upon a result of Dittmann [@dittmann p. 76] (pertaining to the Bures or minimal monotone metric) regarding the spectrum of the sum of the operators of left and right multiplication of matrices cf. [@bhatia p. 112]. Utilizing it, we assigned as a weight to each density matrix ($\rho$) generated (the eigenvalues of which are denoted by $\lambda_{i}$), the volume elements of certain monotone metrics of particular interest. These elements we took to be of the form $[\Pi_{i,j=1}^{4} f(i,j)]^{{1 \over 2}}$, where (the “Morozova-Chentsov” function [@petzsudar] [@petzlaa eq. (3)]) $f(i,j)$ is equal to ${2 \over (\lambda_{i} +\lambda_{j})}$ in the minimal monotone case, $(\lambda_{i} + \lambda_{j}) \over 2 \lambda_{i} \lambda_{j}$ in the maximal monotone case, and for the Kubo–Mori/Bogoliubov (KMB) metric (associated with the relative entropy) [@petztoth; @petzkubo1; @balian], ${\log{\lambda_{i}} - \log{\lambda_{j}} \over
\lambda_{i} -\lambda_{j}}$. (In this last case, if $\lambda_{i} = \lambda_{j}$, we take $f(i,j) = \lambda_{i}^{-1}$. It is interesting to note that the inverses of these Morozova-Chentsov functions are simply well-known indicators of [*central tendency*]{}, such as the arithmetic mean, the logarithmic mean, and the harmonic mean [@qi]. Choosing a particular monotone metric is, therefore, akin to selecting such an indicator.) We also checked if $\rho$ satisfied the partial transposition condition, necessary for separability.
We now report several sets of results in this regard — but let us first make some important observations (taking into account that the determinant of a matrix is equal to the product of its eigenvalues). Using the formulas just given, one can show [@slatsqueezed] that for an $N \times N$ density matrix ($\rho$), the volume element of the minimal monotone metric (and also the KMB-metric) is directly proportional to $(\det{\rho})^{-{1 \over 2}}$, while for the maximal monotone metric, the volume element is directly proportional to $(\det{\rho})^{{1 -2 N \over 2}}$. So, the divergence near the boundary of degenerate states ($\det{\rho}= 0$) of the volume element of the maximal monotone metric is much more severe than for the other two metrics under investigation. In fact, in our previous studies [@slater2; @slatertherm], we have concluded that the integral of the volume element of the maximal monotone metric over the convex set of $2 \times 2$ density matrices does [*not*]{} converge (in contrast to those for the minimal monotone and KMB-metrics). (For $N > 2$, however, the issue of convergence appears to be unsettled.) So, it would seem that — unless one chooses to remove from consideration (as was done in [@slater2], for inferential purposes) those states the degeneracy of which exceeds some prescribed level [@slater2] (cf. sec. \[truncate\]) — one can not, in fact, define a probability distribution based on the maximal monotone metric. We have been able, however, for $N=3$, by taking the limit of a certain ratio, to obtain associated [*marginal*]{} probability distributions using the maximal monotone metric [@slatertherm].) Also, the maximal monotone metric is of substantial interest, in that it has been characterized as the most [*noninformative*]{} of the monotone metrics [@slater2; @petztoth].
The motivating hypothesis for pursuing the analyses immediately below is that one should be able to find values of the parameters $n_{1}$ and $n_{2}$ large enough (say, $m_{1}$ and $m_{2}$), so that the associated probabilities of disentanglement are within some $\epsilon$ of each other for [*any*]{} choices of $n_{1}$ and $n_{2}$ which [*dominate*]{} both $m_{1}$ and $m_{2}$. (It is useful to bear in mind, however, that there is a qualitative difference between analyses based on [*even*]{} or [*odd*]{} values of $n_{2}$, as will be indicated.) This would indicate a convergence of these probabilities in the continuum limit as $n_{1}$ and $n_{2}$ each become indefinitely large.
The case $n_{1} = 23$, $n_{2}=7$ {#n123n27}
--------------------------------
The choice of $n_{2}=7$ leads to a square grid, having thirty-two points — serving as trial off-diagonal entries — lying within the circle of radius one-half. (The particular arrangement of the lattice points, then, mandates that those density matrices we will be able to construct will have off-diagonal entries of modulus no less than ${1 \over 7 \sqrt{2}} \approx .101015$. This, in turn, implies that the product of any pair of diagonal entries of the density matrices will not be less than this value.) The numbers of density matrices we were, then, able to construct were 1,340,928. Of these, 356,096 passed the transposition test for separability. Applying the weights based on the three monotone metrics considered, we obtained prior probabilities of encountering separable states of $$\label{probs1}
p_{min} =.111102 ,\quad p_{KMB} = .0873186,\quad p_{max} = .0846153.$$ Of course, these three values are all considerably less than both the ZHSL statistic of $.632 \pm .002$ and the preferred one (of the three given) of sec. \[semiclassical\] based on the Jeffreys’ prior, that is, $\approx .35$.
We have also computed the “degree of entanglement”, $\sum_{i=1}^{4}
\lambda_{i}^{'} - 1$ (which must lie between zero and unity) for all the (1,340,928) density matrices and averaged the results with the same set of three weights as used to obtain (\[probs1\]). The outcomes were $$d_{min} = .18206, \quad d_{KMB} = .208022, \quad d_{max} = .248457.$$ The corresponding value obtained by ZHSL for the $2 \times 2$ systems was considerably smaller, that is .057 [@zycz1 App. B]. (ZHSL remarked that this quantity seemed to saturate at approximately 0.10 for large systems.)
The case $n_{1}= 19$, $n_{2}=8$ {#n119n28}
-------------------------------
Since the parameter $n_{2}$ is now an even integer, the origin (0,0) of the complex plane becomes, by our particular mode of construction, one of the forty-nine intersection points of the square grid lying within the circle of trial values for the off-diagonal entries. There are, then, no nontrivial lower bounds imposed on the moduli of these entries, as there are for odd values of $n_{2}$ — such as [*seven*]{} in the immediately preceding analysis of sec. \[n123n27\]. We obtained 4,443,408 density matrices, of which 1,284,816 satisfied the separability criterion. Use of the volume elements of the three selected monotone metrics as weights resulted in $$\label{probs2}
p_{min}= .147968, \quad p_{KMB} = .123283, \quad p_{max} = .0554999,$$ and $$d_{min} = .18686,\quad d_{KMB} = .184149, \quad d_{max} = .17713.$$
Additional (nontruncated) analyses {#additional}
----------------------------------
Continuing along the same lines as secs. \[n123n27\] and \[n119n28\], we have conducted analyses for additional choices of $n_{1}$ and $n_{2}$. (It is interesting to note that unit increases in $n_{2}$ are relatively more costly computationally than in $n_{1}$.) We report our accumulated set of results in Table \[table1\]. The analyses are listed in increasing order of the total number of density matrices generated. (During the course of conducting these analyses, we were able to undertake larger-sized studies, corresponding to those listed at the bottom of the table, by taking advantage of certain inherent permutational symmetries. An analogous assertion can be made in regard to Table \[early\].)
As a general rule, the probability of disentanglement is greatest for the minimal monotone metric, although still markedly less than the ZHSL result ($0.632 \pm 0.002$) or that of sec. \[semiclassical\] ($\approx 0.35$) based on the Jeffreys’ prior. The stability of the results, on the other hand, is least for the maximal monotone metric (in particular, notoriously so, for the case, $n_{1}=30$, $n_{2}=7$ — but see sec. \[restricted\]). This instability may be explainable by the fact that the volume element of the maximal monotone metric, as previously noted, is not normalizable (to form a probability distribution) over the convex sets of $N \times N$ density matrices (in particular, for $N=4$), being highly singular near the degenerate states (while the volume elements of the minimal and KMB metrics, though, still singular, are markedly less so, and are apparently normalizable, extrapolating from the $2 \times 2$ case). So, one might rely upon either the minimal monotone metric or KMB-metric to provide estimates of the probabilities of disentanglement (separability) — as well as simulations of entangled systems, as ZHSL envisioned. We believe that estimates based on the minimal monotone metric should, at least for fine enough grids and simplicial decompositions, dominate estimates based on any other member of the [*continuum*]{} of monotone metrics. Following the arguments of Petz and Sudar [@petzsudar], we contend that any estimates not based on such metrics (such as the “over-parameterized” results of ZHSL [@zycz1] — cf. [@boya] — and those of sec. \[semiclassical\] here) fail to meet certain natural requirements and should, thus, be taken [*cum grano salis*]{}.
Let us also note a specific relation between the minimal monotone (Bures) metric and the results of ZHSL. The [*scalar curvature*]{} of this metric has recently been shown to attain its [*minimum*]{} — $ { (5 N^{2} -4)
(N^{2}-1) \over 2}$ — for the totally mixed $N$-dimensional (tracial) state (corresponding to the $N \times N$ diagonal density matrix having all its nonzero entries equal to ${1 \over N}$), and to diverge on the degenerate states, those not of full rank [@dittmann2]. Now, in their analysis, ZHSL concluded both that all states in a small enough neighborhood of the totally mixed state are separable, and that the “purer a quantum state is, the smaller its probability of being separable” [@zycz1]. Braunstein [*et al*]{} have given “a constructive proof that all mixed states of $N$ qubits in a sufficiently small neighborhood of the maximally mixed state are separable” [@braunetal], while Vidal and Tarrach have also reached the same conclusion [@vidal].
Reanalysis of the anomalous $n_{1} =30$, $n_{2} =7$ case based on truncation of states near to degeneracy {#truncate}
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
We have also considered the possibility of introducing a third parameter of choice, that is $\det{\rho}$ — in addition to $n_{1}$ and $n_{2}$ — into our computations. It would control the level of degeneracy below which we reject for further consideration (due to the singular behavior of the volume elements of the monotone metrics), the (nearly degenerate) density matrices our explicit enumeration method of sec. \[quantum\] generates. (This third parameter has been implicitly zero in sec. \[quantum\].) We have, in fact, conducted three additional analyses for the case $n_{1} =30$, $n_{2} =7$, for which we previously obtained results of a peculiar nature (Table \[table1\]). The largest possible value the determinant of a $4 \times 4$ density matrix can possess is $ ({1 \over 4})^{4} = {1 \over 256}
= .00390625$. In the first analysis, we rejected all those density matrices with determinants less than ${1 \over 256} \cdot 10^{-4}$, in the second, ${1
\over 256} \cdot 10^{-3}$ and in the third, ${1 \over 256} \cdot 10^{-2}$. We report these results in Table \[table2\].
It appears then (based on the smallest nonzero threshold, that is ${1 \over 256} \cdot 10^{-4}$) that the previously reported (zero-threshold) anomalous behavior for the maximal and KMB-monotone metrics was attributable to some set (the number of which we are not certain) of near-degenerate states which, in fact, passed the partial transposition test for separability.
Analyses based on [*randomized*]{} searches {#restricted}
-------------------------------------------
In the previous quantum-theoretic statistical analyses of this section, we employed systematic explicit enumeration methods to generate $4 \times 4$ density matrices, which we then tested for separability. We embarked on such a course after initial computations indicated that it was extremely difficult to locate the four-by-four density matrices (in the ambient fifteen-dimensional parameter space) using [*random*]{} search methods, in the fashion of ZHSL [@zycz1] and sec. \[semiclassical\] of this paper. Nevertheless, at a later point, we chose to intensively pursue such a strategy.
In almost eight hundred and fifty million [*ab initio*]{} searches, we succeeded in obtaining (only) sixty-one density matrices — of which, twelve turned out to be separable. Realizing that the “hit-rate” would be enhanced if instead of searching for possible off-diagonal entries in the circle of radius one-half in the complex plane, we also conducted analyses (though at the risk of introducing possible biases) based on radii of one-third and one-fourth, as well (and also, in a supplementary analysis, five-twelfth). The results are reported in Table \[tablerandom\]. (As in sec. \[semiclassical\], standard deviations were [*not*]{} determined, so no specific assessment of the number of significant digits in the probabilistic results is immediately available.) They are, then, arguably, generally consistent with the sets of smaller probabilities reported in Table \[table1\], in particular, for those based on the largest number of generated density matrices (corresponding to the bottom rows of the table), in which we naturally repose the greatest confidence.
Probabilities as a function of the participation ratio
------------------------------------------------------
In Fig. \[listplotmin\], we show (using bins of width .05), relying upon the analysis for the $2 \times 2$ case $n_{1} = 22$, $n_{2} = 10$, the conditional probability ($P_{sep}$) of separability based on the minimal monotone metric, for a given participation ratio $R$ (defined as the reciprocal of the trace of the square of the density matrix [@zycz1 eq. (17)]). In Fig. \[listplotKMB\], we show its counterpart based on the KMB-metric. (These two figures — both having an unexplained “anomalous blip” in the interval \[1.65, 1.7\] — are the monotone metric analogues of Fig. 2(b) of [@zycz1]. It is encouraging, however, that the “blip” does not seem to appear in analogous plots for other values of $n_{1}$ and $n_{2}$. The value of $R$, in the $N = 2 \times 2$ case, must lie between 1 and 4. If $R \geq 3$, the density matrix must be separable [@zycz1 eq. (18)].)
Życzkowski [@zyczlatest], drawing upon a long list of open problems he presents, considers one of the “most relevant” to be the question of “whether the dependence of the conditional probability on the participation ratio, obtained for product measures, holds also for the measures based on the monotone metrics”. He has hypothesized the existence of certain universal/metric-independent features in this regard, that is, he proposes that all “reasonable” metrics should yield similar such plots. (He has, in fact, superimposed the figures here upon those previously generated by him, and found a strong degree of resemblance between them.)
In Figs. \[otherplotmin\] and \[otherplotKMB\], we show (again for the case $n_{1} = 22, n_{2} = 10$ of Table \[table1\]) the probabilities of our generating a density matrix (either separable or inseparable) based on the minimal monotone and KMB-metrics, respectively. (These are the monotone metric counterparts of Fig. 2(a) of [@zycz1]. Since we find more probability concentrated at smaller values of $R$ than did ZHSL, these two figures help us to understand why we obtain smaller [*overall*]{} probabilities of separability — in particular, less than .5 in the $N = 2 \times 2$ case — than their “surprising” result of $0.632 \pm 0.002$.)
The case of $2 \times 3$ systems {#quanttwobythree}
--------------------------------
In Table \[early\], we report initial findings (of an, unfortunately, rather unstable nature) for the $2 \times 3$ systems — parallel to those given in Table \[table1\] for the $2 \times 2$ systems. (We note that the probability of separability obtained by ZHSL [@zycz1] for the $2 \times 3$ systems was $.384 \pm .002$ and, with the alternative use of the Jeffreys’ prior in sec. \[semi2by3\], .122.) There are now six diagonal entries (associated with $n_{1}$) and fifteen pairs of off-diagonal entries (associated with $n_{2}$) to consider, so computational demands are substantially increased. We, of course, expect the probabilities of separability to be [*less*]{} than the corresponding ones in the $2 \times 2$ case reported in Table \[table1\], and this is certainly the case for the most extensive analysis ($n_{1} = 20$, $n_{2} = 8$).
The somewhat counterintuitive observation that for $n_{1} = 14$, the choice of $n_{2} = 8$ leads to many more generated density matrices than for $n_{2} = 9$, is comprehensible in that only for even values of $n_{2}$ are no nonzero lower bounds placed on the possible absolute values of off-diagonal entries. We were not able for any $n_{2} = 7$ scenario — due to memory limitations — to find a large enough $n_{1}$, for which any density matrices at all were generated. We also possess no immediate explanation for the equality of the three $p$’s and $d$’s for the three cases involving $n_{2} = 9$. (The relatively large probabilities for the scenario, $n_{1} = 24, n_{2} = 6$ may be attributable to a “number-theoretic” effect, given that 24 is exactly divisible by 6.)
A randomization approach, such as we pursued in sec. \[restricted\] for the $2 \times 2$ systems, would clearly yield even fewer density matrices for a given number of independent searches than there (Table \[tablerandom\]).
CONCLUDING REMARKS {#Concluding}
==================
We have presented in this study, two forms of evidence (one essentially classical and the other, quantum-theoretic in nature) that the specific choice of (product) measure of ZHSL [@zycz1] led them to substantially overestimate the extent to which quantum systems — in particular, for $N = 2 \times 2$ and $2 \times 3$ — should be considered to possess, in some natural [*a priori*]{} sense, the property of separability or disentanglement. The preponderance of evidence adduced indicates that the probability of separability for the $N = 2\times 2$ systems, based on the minimal monotone (Bures) metric is no greater than eleven percent — and if one views the evidence somewhat less conservatively, perhaps less than ten percent. In turn, estimates founded on any other member of the continuum of monotone metrics should be lower still. For instance, for the Kubo-Mori/Bogoliubov metric [@petztoth; @petzkubo1; @balian], an estimate of nine percent would seem conservatively high. Apparently, the [*maximal*]{} monotone metric — the volume element of which possesses a high degree of singularity on the degenerate states ($\det{\rho} = 0$), associated with its conjectured nonnormalizability over the fifteen-dimensional convex set of states — must, in some (perhaps limiting) sense, furnish a [*lower*]{} bound on the probability of separability. This bound would have to be strictly greater than zero, if the related arguments made in [@zycz1; @braunetal; @vidal; @zyczlatest], in fact, apply.
Let us also note that in continuing work, pertaining to [@kratt], we have found a quite interesting distinguished role (that of yielding both the [*minimax*]{} and [*maximin*]{} in universal quantum coding) for a monotone metric that has not apparently previously been noted. Its associated Morozova-Chentsov function, $$e ({{\lambda_{i}}^{\lambda_{i}}}/{\lambda_{j}}^{\lambda_{j}})^{1 \over
{\lambda_{j} -\lambda_{i}}},$$ is simply the reciprocal of the [*exponential*]{} or [*identric*]{} mean [@qi] of $\lambda_{i}$ and $\lambda_{j}$. The behavior of the related monotone metric appears to be quite close to that of the minimal (Bures) monotone metric.
The need for additional computational work (possibly utilizing supercomputers) is indicated, in regard to what we contend are the theoretically superior (properly parameterized) quantum-theoretic analyses of sec. \[quantum\], in order to more closely pinpoint estimates. Such analyses could be based on finer simplicial decompositions for the trial diagonal entries (that is, higher values of $n_{1}$) and finer square grids for the trial off-diagonal entries (that is, higher values of $n_{2}$), than those reported in sec. \[quantum\], and/or possibly randomization procedures, as in sec. \[restricted\].
At several points in this paper, we have indicated that the analyses of ZHSL [@zycz1] were “over-parameterized”, in that $N^{2} + N -1$ parameters were employed, rather than $N^{2} -1$, as is clearly most natural for the $N \times N$ density matrices (which form an $N^{2} -1$-dimensional convex set). However, in a personal communication, M. Byrd has asserted that this bothersome feature could be avoided, since $N-1$ Euler angles (in addition to the “phase”, as is well known) can be seen to, in fact, vanish in the ZHSL-type representation [@zycz1 eq. (25)] of a density matrix in the product form $U^{'} D U$. Byrd has been able to explicitly show this in the case $N=3$, based on the Euler angle parameterization given in [@byrd] (the angles $c$ and $\phi$ vanishing) and contends that analogous phenomena must hold for $N > 3$, as well (cf. [@boya]). (This vanishing does not appear to occur with the particular Euler angle parameterizations \[associated with Hurwitz\] used by ZHSL, given in [@zycz2; @zyczpozniak]. Byrd suggests that this is because the “diagonal matrices that make up the maximal torus” do not appear on the end, while if they did, they would commute with the diagonalized density matrix.) This highly interesting line of thought would suggest that the analyses of ZHSL, Życzkowski [@zyczlatest] and those of sec. \[semiclassical\] here (but, of course, not those “properly parameterized” ones of sec. \[quantum\]) should be repeated in such a more parameter-wise economical framework, and the new results compared with those previously obtained, to see whether any differences are found (cf. [@slatercomment]).
I would like to express appreciation to the Institute for Theoretical Physics for computational support in this research, and to K. Życzkowski for several comments, as well as providing the simulations reported at the end of sec. \[semiclassical\], pointing out to me [@antonelli], and suggesting that it would be of considerable interest to “bin” the results here, thus, leading to the four included figures. I am also grateful to M. Byrd for responding to my queries regarding the issue of “over-parameterization” in the work of ZHSL.
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$n_{1}$ $n_{2}$ $\rho$ $\rho_{separable}$ $p_{min}$ $p_{KMB}$ $p_{max}$ $d_{min}$ $d_{KMB}$ $d_{max}$
--------- --------- ------------ -------------------- ----------- ----------- ------------ ----------- ----------- -----------
23 7 1,340,928 356,096 .111102 .0873186 .0846153 .18206 .208022 .248457
35 6 1,425,216 467,424 .193939 .178191 .0980763 .250552 .229161 .154696
30 7 2,919,680 806,400 .119669 .17601 .749588 .184696 .170555 .00940062
45 6 3,033,084 987,484 .220936 .224241 .293623 .248278 .243704 .144297
4 12 4,228,817 1,634,577 .249824 .232509 .309404 .117852 .118964 .0886535
19 8 4,443,408 1,284,816 .147968 .123283 .0554999 .18686 .184149 .17713
8 10 4,645,163 1,230,411 .11469 .0982187 .179838 .18989 .192975 .143422
35 7 4,673,024 1,286,656 .0927196 .0594478 .152368 .220529 .26694 .156327
13 9 5,540,864 1,341,440 .0756821 .0361165 .00173733 .208862 .252169 .349782
6 11 6,161,152 1,703,808 .114669 .0859676 .155728 .187623 .205257 .119427
10 10 7,103,372 2,232,836 .195802 .188155 .243187 .131533 .130076 .103806
23 8 8,026,372 2,286,148 .109203 .0747959 .000112443 .24179 .260264 .296032
50 7 13,522,176 3,705,472 .10125 .072653 .687396 .206883 .230803 .0422876
19 9 16,603,136 4,096,000 .0920722 .083066 .0820477 .186361 .188775 .190464
7 12 27,658,276 6,897,940 .0779479 .0553514 .31028 .221055 .256207 .0959608
35 8 28,582,224 8,104,555 .140105 .122355 .199223 .22233 .228248 .118103
15 10 29,328,236 8,006,017 .120671 .0963975 .198144 .194026 .210798 .134718
11 11 36,913,664 9,049,600 .104142 .0891733 .164511 .177627 .179959 .122263
25 9 37,671,424 9,440,000 .0837076 .0343513 .0027555 .202037 .229187 .198646
8 12 40,487,643 10,493,443 .109191 .0873665 .16817 .185359 .201147 .134193
27 9 47,381,504 11,798,016 .0900729 .0619535 .169748 .197141 .219559 .124459
6 13 47,815,680 12,558,464 .100372 .0710627 .112995 .19102 .205754 .149789
18 10 52,099,496 13,733,736 .104203 .0821789 .0834828 .205028 .215253 .198921
29 9 58,888,704 14,645,792 .0886606 .054769 .00175691 .190217 .201052 .150746
9 12 58,900,696 14,677,208 .0933132 .0726818 .176224 .20039 .218327 .131068
13 11 60,453,376 14,847,232 .0848635 .0569472 .062366 .193203 .213676 .208112
19 10 61,584,896 16,090,832 .0865202 .052442 .155109 .226729 .245587 .127568
30 9 65,276,416 16,252,736 .0892746 .0685755 .0839835 .20221 .239333 .0959485
32 9 79,412,992 19,729,792 .0856388 .0562649 .123084 .200964 .232005 .141376
21 10 83,685,188 21,982,132 .0993573 .062451 .138054 .20348 .228876 .114666
15 11 92,920,832 22,811,392 .0848161 .0550803 .147779 .193381 .211392 .152707
34 9 94,713,344 23,606,336 .0913722 .0638694 .131152 .197612 .230137 .2171
22 10 96,084,402 25,272,244 .106789 .0808784 .0769463 .205559 .23114 .187346
: Quantum-theoretic statistical analyses based on the minimal, KMB and maximal monotone metrics. The parameters $n_{1}$ and $n_{2}$ determine the resolution of simplicial decompositions and square grids for trial diagonal and off-diagonal entries, respectively. The variable $p$ denotes the associated probability of disentanglement and $d$, the averaged degree of entanglement. The only generated density matrices which have been omitted from consideration are those which correspond precisely to degenerate states, that is, $\det{\rho} = 0$. The results are tabulated in increasing order of the total number of density matrices generated — given in the third column.[]{data-label="table1"}
threshold on $\det{\rho}$ $ \rho $ $ \rho_{separable} $ $ p_{min} $ $ p_{KMB} $ $ p_{max} $ $ d_{min} $ $ d_{KMB} $ $ d_{max} $
------------------------------- ----------- ---------------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- -------------
0 2,919,680 806,400 .119669 .17601 .749588 .184696 .170555 .00940062
${1 \over 256} \cdot 10^{-4}$ 2,913,536 801,792 .102275 .0664226 .00698098 .189535 .201332 .0983051
${1 \over 256} \cdot 10^{-3}$ 2,856,704 796,672 .123362 .108123 .386157 .180807 .191661 .101308
${1 \over 256} \cdot 10^{-2}$ 2,381,312 724,864 .180938 .171253 .260637 .14053 .140938 .101575
: Reanalyses of anomalous results (Table \[table1\]) for $n_{1} = 30$, $n_{2} =7$, using varying thresholds of degeneracy, as indexed by $\det{\rho}$, below which the generated density matrices are rejected from further consideration.[]{data-label="table2"}
[r |r | | r r | l l l | l l l]{} $r$ & searches & $\rho$ & $\rho_{separable}$ & $p_{min}$ & $ p_{KMB} $ & $ p_{max}$ & $
d_{min} $ & $ d_{KMB} $ & $ d_{max} $\
1/2 & 847,500,000 & 49 & 12 & .0711773 & .0548709 & .0269786 & .197979 & .2155 & .252218\
5/12 & 387,900,000 & 175 & 47 & .098809 & .0408168 & .00218239 & .1736 & .18024 & .194678\
1/3 & 351,700,000 & 2,438 & 619 & .0853483 & .0654313 & .180815 & .201774 & .22259 & .147024\
1/4 & 74,300,000 & 15,701 & 3,912 & .0846071 & .0364071 & .00148944 & .17873 & .20229 & .290831\
$n_{1}$ $n_{2}$ $ \rho $ $ \rho_{separable} $ $p_{min} $ $p_{KMB} $ $p_{max}$ $ d_{min} $ $ d_{KMB} $ $ d_{max} $
--------- --------- ------------ ---------------------- ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------- ------------- -------------
8 8 7,581 5,205 .643091 .654085 .678443 .0254769 .024673 .0230053
11 6 35,268 9,828 .000171812 .000192414 .000212583 .592094 .592009 .591929
14 6 149,607 59,727 .368812 .425491 .46159 .147718 .118212 .10094
15 6 158,522 59,185 .147933 .152787 .128344 .299006 .281777 .235139
13 9 245,760 8,448 .034375 .034375 .034375 .185994 .185994 .185994
9 8 235,616 65,840 .234146 .262858 .266667 .0803952 .0654659 .0637942
15 9 245,760 768 .003125 .003125 .003125 .182635 .182635 .182635
14 9 368,640 9,600 .0260417 .0260417 .0260417 .188924 .188924 .188924
16 6 370,479 131,055 .00584908 .0172682 .359634 .581471 .558051 .119815
17 6 557,304 164,264 .000248636 .000243731 .000240557 .59097 .591328 .591453
10 8 579,186 150,090 .173755 .174011 .174992 .184237 .194057 .195405
12 8 1,352,182 303,022 .0463408 .0872936 .19522 .383656 .307713 .117593
11 8 1,593,588 520,068 .299328 .309032 .326253 .0995446 .0968566 .0940759
22 6 2,875,965 974,818 .0160034 .125932 .0721558 .562473 .374128 .259626
24 6 3,870,989 1,360,213 .192395 .19933 .314609 .292782 .268782 .140023
13 8 4,408,872 881,397 .0551892 .0659333 .256791 .294217 .259817 .0915806
14 8 6,073,071 882,781 .000948857 .000644427 .00952389 .61686 .476343 .359429
16 8 7,373,379 1,609,392 .103614 .121313 .203796 .204274 .183523 .119163
26 6 7,696,926 2,514,130 .1132 .111881 .0999924 .368272 .289389 .229179
15 8 15,603,746 2,109,650 .000899908 .00162305 .00114651 .63942 .599576 .461553
17 8 19,413,528 3,311,159 .054504 .0562656 .0398168 .323892 .298912 .259056
18 8 29,075,408 5,061,131 .081246 .0737912 .0958513 .2304 .215317 .181838
20 8 45,002,652 7,755,473 .00401427 .0131804 .0525791 .606695 .487055 .206391
: Analogues for the $2 \times 3$ systems of the results of Table \[table1\][]{data-label="early"}
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '7def16af976a7d9ec76ceb59174eef5f15f67757ec3a3f49234bb5f5a056b646'} |
It would be hard not to admire 50 Cent's hustle right now. Not only did he just release an album, but he also reunited G-Unit after years of beef. Curtis is staying busy outside of the music industry too, announcing via his Twitter he is executive producing the upcoming B.M.F. film.
The film will tell the story of the infamous "Black Mafia Family," who ran a huge drug cartel from the early 90's through the 2000's. Their most notable members being Demetrius "Big Meech" Flenory and his brother Terry "Southwest T" Flenory. 50 didn't offer any additional details on the film at this time, but we will be sure to update you when they are available.
[via ThisIs50]
RELATED: The 50 Best 50 Cent Songs
RELATED: 50 Cent's "Animal Ambition" Sold 47,000 Copies In Its First Week | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9733107089996338}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '49647', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:FY7KSGU6A7DUHWYYT2ARZMEFVDPMVTYI', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:e4be40d7-c13e-4338-a343-7af6c5ad9c04>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2016, 6, 30, 23, 41, 34), 'WARC-IP-Address': '166.78.225.124', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:3ZBKHPSEHFLDBBLBZWQBXSY2BWKXHV4T', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:aac480ed-a6f3-4e85-9f29-4ecd982f6181>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.complex.com/music/2014/06/50-cent-is-executive-producing-an-upcoming-bmf-movie', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:04f4db1f-48e1-4a9d-993e-9120ccba4b3a>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '132', 'url': 'http://www.complex.com/music/2014/06/50-cent-is-executive-producing-an-upcoming-bmf-movie', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-164-35-72.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2016-26\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for June 2016\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.027473866939544678', 'original_id': '31daab32fca08cbb830daad9e4f14bd6662b545b92f92d987857319b806aa6a8'} |
"Where's the book that spells bankruptcy?" "I have more than one hiding place." " Hi." " Who are you?" "My name's Madeleine Ferguson." "Laura was my cousin." "Laura had secrets." "He'll see I'm the woman of his dreams." "I'll help him find who killed Laura." "My log saw something that night." "This was in Leo's truck after Laura was murdered." "Leo won't be a problem any more." "Leo Johnson and Jacques Renault." "Are you OK?" "Hank got his parole." "He's coming home." " Did you get my message?" " Yes." "Catch you later." "Diane, it is 4:28 am." "I've just been woken up by a God-awful racket which you can probably hear." "Can you hear that?" "Up until now, I've had only pleasant, courteous service at this hotel." "It proves that once a traveller leaves home, he loses almost 100°/of his ability to control his environment." "Send two pairs of those silicon earplugs" "I used on my trip to New York." "I didn't bring them because I felt it was unnecessary." "However..." " Coffee?" " Please." " What's with the choir practice?" " Business junket." "From Iceland." "Got in about 3:00 this morning." " They're on my floor." " Lucky you." "It'll take them a day to reset their biological clocks." "Hope the herring holds out." "How are you?" "Audrey, to be perfectly honest, I'm tired and a little on edge." " I got a job." " Good for you." "Now I can help you with your case." "Guess where I'm gonna..." "You'll have to excuse me." "I'm late, I only have time for coffee." "Maybe I could go with you." "Wednesdays were usually a school day when I was your age." "I can't believe you were ever my age." "I've got the pictures to prove it." " How old are you?" " 18." "We'll see you later, Audrey." "See you later." "Bye." "See you later, sons of Odin." "How do you say that?" "My brother'll love you guys." "Brother Ben, I bring you greetings from the treeless tundra of Iceland." "We have had complaints from nearly every guest in the hotel." "What are they on?" "They are insane for the Ghostwood Estates project." "I have had serious fun with these Nordic animals." "And, Ben, I'm in love." "Her name is Heba." "She's a giant snow queen with a smile like a sunrise on an ice floe." "You'd go blind looking at this girl." "Look!" "See what she gave me?" "A leg of lamb." " Is that beautiful?" " Jerry!" "Some garlic, some fresh mint." "That's rotisserie heaven." " You gotta meet her." " Just grab some downtime, will you?" "We've laid in a gala reception for your fair-haired boys tonight." " Twin Peaks' best and brightest." " Holding it in a phone booth?" "And if we still need a kicker to nail the sale, I'm thinking maybe... they might enjoy a little road trip up to... you know where." "Jacks!" "I am honoured to know you." "Ben?" "Leland, why are you here?" "I know there's a new investment group arriving today." "If there's anything I can do?" "Leland, the best thing that you can do... is follow the doctor's orders." "You need rest." "I just feel..." "I just feel I need something to occupy my mind." "Take some time off, for God's sake." "Fly somewhere." "Take Sarah." "I'm afraid to, Ben." "I'm afraid." "Hawk, we're at Jacques Renault's apartment." "Get here soon." "Morning." "What have you got, Harry?" "Renault's a Canadian national." "He worked the lumber fields... until he put on a little weight a couple of seasons ago." "Now he tends bar at the Roadhouse." " Are there any more doughnuts?" " Sure." "Andy?" "And a cup of Joe." "I didn't get too much sleep last night." "You do look a bit peaked." "There's a group of insane men staying on my floor." "Jacques Renault turn up?" "No one's seen him." "We checked the building and the bar." "I sent Hawk to roust his brother, but it looks like Bernie's jumped bail." " Morning, Agent Cooper." " Morning, Doc." "The blood on the shirt you found here is AB negative." "It's not Laura's blood." "So, it was Renault's blood on Leo Johnson's shirt." "Thank you, Andy." " What about Leo Johnson?" " The APB went out." "Nothing yet." "Harry, could you give me a leg up here?" " Sure." " What's Renault's blood type?" " Renault's blood is AB negative." " Thanks, Doc." "My pleasure." " Holy smoke! "Flesh World" again." " Yeah." "Harry, remember that ad with Ronnette Pulaski?" "We traced it." "It came to the magazine in a plain envelope." "No name." "The magazine's a clearing-house." "Readers write letters in response to the ads and mail them in." "The magazine forwards them to the advertisers." "No direct contact." "Ronnette got letters at this PO box." "A local zip code." "My guess is this box will be registered under the name Jacques Renault." "Let's see who was writing to Ronnette." "Postmarked Georgia." "Goodnight." "I don't know, the beard ruins the effect of the lingerie." "What do you think?" " The guy's no Georgia peach." " Poor bastard." "Did you notice the picture of Leo Johnson's truck on that page?" " I love it when you cook for me." " Leo hates my cooking." "Leo missed the boat with you, baby." "The biggest mistake of your life was dropping out of school to marry him." "What would you do if he walked in right now?" "Come here." "Come here." "Hey, Leo!" "How's it going, man?" "What a surprise!" "Now, Leo, Shelly tells me that you don't like her cooking." "Tell you what, she and I... we're going to sit here while you cook breakfast for us, you hump." "If you so much as utter one harsh syllable to this... beautiful girl..." "I'm gonna shoot your ugly face off, OK?" "Sheriff's deputy." "Do exactly what we said, and everything's gonna be fine." "Come here." " Hi, Andy." "Come on in." " Hi, Shelly." "Do you know when Leo's back?" " Is he in trouble?" " We just want to talk to him." " Is this about Laura?" " Why do you say that?" "I heard him talking to Jacques the night he left." "Jacques Renault?" "Yeah." "They were outside arguing." "I couldn't hear exactly, but... they did seem to be arguing about her." " Call us if he gets in touch." " OK, I will." "Thanks for stopping by." " How'd I do?" " You did great." "You drive me crazy." "Hello?" " Hi, Leo." "Where you calling from?" " Has anybody come by?" "What's that?" "Is anybody looking for you?" " Why would anyone look for you?" " Are you sure?" "You know how paranoid you get after popping bennies." " When are you coming home?" " Soon." "You OK?" "Yeah, everything's fine, Leo." " Come on home." " I miss you, Shelly." "I miss you, too." " Hey, good-looking." " Hope you don't mind my coming." "Oh, no." "Nadine won't be back from that patent attorney for a couple of hours." " Silent drape runners?" " She's already spending the millions." "I have to put gas in my car like everyone else, right?" "I didn't want to tell you on the phone, but Hank got his parole." "OK." "He'll be coming home." "I mean, back." "I only saw him a minute before the hearing." "He seemed so hopeful, I didn't want to say anything." " You don't have to explain." " Said anything to Nadine yet?" "Haven't yet." " Waiting for me to go first?" " No." "It's just that..." "Nadine's not well." "What are you saying?" "I don't know." "I think I do." " I don't ever want to hurt you." " Maybe that's our trouble, Ed." "We never want to hurt anyone." "We never just take what we want." "I think that this is how it is when you get to the end of your life, and you don't have anything to show for it." "Don't call me." "I mean, not for a while, OK?" "OK." "I love you, Ed." " I remember when you were little." " So did my father speak to you?" "Yes, he did." "And I can't tell you how ex cited we are to have you come on-board and put in a hitch here at our flagship." "What did you have in mind?" "Well, as per your father's suggestion, starting low, aiming high, we thought perhaps the wrapping department." "Gifts, etc." " Part-time, after school." " No, no, no." "Emory." "May I speak frankly?" "Please do." "Let's talk retail." " Sales?" " Perfume." "One of our more sensitive areas." "Expensive items, customer relations." " I've got my heart set on it, Emory." " I'd have to talk to your father." "Emory, here's what we're gonna do." "You're gonna tell my father I'm busy as a bee wrapping boxes." "Then you'll put me to work behind the perfume counter." "If you don't, I'll rip my dress, scream at the top of my lungs and tell my father that you made a pass at me." "Does that help clear things up for you?" "Yes." "Yes, what?" "Yes, Miss Horne." "Shall we start on the paperwork?" "James, I got your note." " Are you all right?" " There's some things I've gotta say." "I told you that my dad died when I was 10?" "He didn't die." "He was a musician." "We lived out West." " He ran off on me and my mom." " I'm sorry." "My mom was a writer." "Poems and short stories." "She's an alcoholic." "If you have a problem with this..." "I don't have a problem." "You tell me." "It's true she was out of town this week, but... she wasn't travelling." "What she does is she goes to another town, shacks up in some cheap hotel with a couple of bottles... picks up guys and...." "It's all right." "I don't want to have any secrets from you." "I don't want there to be any lies between us." "Secrets kill people's happiness." "I don't want us to be like that." "We won't." "We won't be." "We have to do what's right." "What you said yesterday was true." "If we don't find out what happened to Laura, it won't go away, our whole lives." "We will, James." " She's out there, a restless spirit." " I feel it, too." "We owe it to her." "At least they're fresh." "Here, Gary." "Oh, thanks." " Here you go, Scott." " Thank you." "There you are." " What do you wanna mark this?" " "Duplicate"." " Do we have one like it?" " Yeah, the same stain as before." "Mark it "duplicate"." "Red drapes." "That PO box was registered to Jacques Renault." "Those are the letters responding to Ronnette's ad." "Let's see if there's something from someone we know." " Hawk, hand me that magazine." " What is it?" "Two different ad numbers mailed to the same address." "Ronnette's and one other." "Yeah, here it is." ""Student requires education in ways of love." "Generous, mature men only."" "It's Laura." "You see some identifying mark?" " The drapes." " Drapes?" "Red drapes, Harry." "From my dream." "Why would an apartment dweller like Jacques buy 50 gallons of heating oil?" " To heat a log cabin." " Harry, you're all right!" "Jacques' brother mentioned a place by the state line." "Fellas, pack a lunch." "We're taking a walk in the woods." "Madeleine!" " Hi." " Hi." "Hi, I'm Madeleine Ferguson." "My friends call me Maddy." "This is really nice of you guys, I don't know anyone in town, except Aunt Sarah and Uncle Leland." "And the mood at the house isn't that great right now." " Would you like something to drink?" " A cherry Coke." "You got it." "Madeleine, if I said that you can't say a word of this to anyone, would that be OK with you?" "Sounds like some big secret." "It is." "James and I knew Laura better than anyone did." "She was in terrible trouble, worse than we can imagine." "What?" "I'd rather not say too much about things we can't prove yet." "You said you can't prove it yet." "We're afraid the truth might never come out or whoever killed her might never be caught." "We've sworn not to let that happen." " You know who did it?" " We have some ideas." " We wanted to ask for your help." " What do you want me to do?" "Laura talked about a secret hiding place." "Somewhere in her house, maybe in her room." "Nobody else knew about it." "She might have left something there that could lead us to the killer." " I'll help you." " You will?" "The day before she died, I had a feeling Laura was in trouble." "I've always felt close to her." "That's why I came here." "You know..." "I didn't really know Laura that well, but I feel like I do." "Our folks always told us how much alike we were." "Will you call me if there's anything I can do?" "I don't think there'll be any problems." "Madeleine, this is really great." "Call me Maddy." " Hi." " Hi, Norma." " We're like refugee beauty queens." " You don't know how pretty you are." "I hope I don't chip a nail slinging plates around." " Hi, Norma." " Hello, Hank." " Surprised to see me?" " Yes." " That Leo's girlfriend?" " Wife." "That Leo." "So impulsive." "Not much meat on her, though." "I don't expect a kiss." "I figure I gotta earn my way back into your heart." "But, Norma..." "I intend to try." "So where do I start?" "Washing dishes will be fine." "Can I finish my coffee first?" "Boss?" "He's been spending more of his time in his room." "It's difficult to engage him in conversation." "Terrible mood swings." "His school attendance has become erratic at best." "And then the fighting at the Roadhouse and at the funeral." " Are you using drugs, Bobby?" " Nope." " Alcohol's a drug." " That's not what he meant." " Alcohol doesn't count?" " Everybody drinks." " Are you unhappy?" " Shouldn't I be?" "That's not for me to say." " Have you ever killed anybody?" " Have you?" " My father has." " During wartime." " That's different." " From what?" "Maybe I should spend a few minutes with Bobby alone?" "This is supposed to be family counselling." "I'll need to spend time with each member of the family alone." " Bobby first." " Fair enough." "Whatever you say." "Bobby, let's just cut the crap, huh?" "So your parents don't understand what you're going through." "That's a good one." " Let's talk about Laura." " OK, let's talk about Laura." "Bobby, what happened the first time that you and Laura made love?" "What the hell kind of question is that?" "Bobby, did you cry?" "Did I what?" "And then what did Laura do, did she laugh at you?" "Were you very sad when Laura died?" " Laura wanted to die." " How do you know that?" "Because she told me." "What else did she tell you?" "Did she tell you there was no goodness in the world?" "She said people tried to be good, but they were really sick and rotten." "Her, most of all." "Every time she tried to make the world a better place, something terrible came up inside her and pulled her back down into hell." "It took her deeper and deeper into the blackest nightmare." "Every time, it got harder to go back up to the light." "Did you sometimes have the feeling" "Laura was harbouring some awful secret?" "Yeah." " Bad enough that she wanted to die?" " Yes." "Bad enough to drive her to prey upon people's weaknesses, tempt them, break them down?" " Make them do degrading things?" " Yes." "Laura wanted to corrupt people because that's how she felt about herself." "Is that what happened to you, Bobby?" "Is that what Laura did to you?" "She wanted so much." "She made me sell drugs so she could have them." "This way." "Through here." " Watch your step there, city boy." " Thanks, Harry." "What is it, Hawk?" " Not the cabin we're looking for." " Maybe, maybe not." "Might wanna hang back a step, Doc." "Might want to anyway." "About time you got here." "They move so slowly when they're not afraid." "Come on, then." "My log does not judge." "I've got tea." "I've got cookies." "No cake." "That's very kind of you, ma'am, but I don't believe..." "What kind of cookies?" "Sugar." "The owls won't see us in here." "A cup of tea would be very nice." "Shut your eyes and you'll burst into flames." "Thanks, Margaret." "We'll let it steep." "Wait for the tea." "The fish aren't running." " You've been expecting us?" " You're two days late." "But that's your concern." "My log saw something." "Something significant." " What did your log see?" " Tea first, then be ready." "Thank you." " My husband was a logging man." " Oh?" "He met the devil." "Fire is the devil, hiding like a coward in the smoke." "It was the day after the wedding, wasn't it, Margaret?" "The wood holds many spirits, doesn't it?" "You can ask it now." "What did you see that night?" "The night Laura Palmer was killed?" "I'll do the talking." "Dark." "Laughing." "The owls were flying." "Many things were blocked." "Laughing." "Two men." "Two girls." "Flashlights pass by... in the woods over the ridge." "The owls were near." "The dark was pressing in on her." "Quiet then." "Later, footsteps." "One man pass by." "Screams, far away." "Terrible." "Terrible." " One voice." " Man or girl?" "Girl." "Further up." "Over the ridge." "The owls were silent." "The two girls were Laura and Ronnette." "The two men?" "Jacques?" "Maybe Leo?" "Maybe." "Who's the third man?" "Do you hear it?" "This way." ""And there's always music in the air."" "Waldo." "There's film in here." "Blood." "One-Eyed Jacks." " Good evening." "Mr and Mrs Showel?" " OK, go right ahead." " Good evening." " Catherine Martell and spouse." "Go easy on the sauce tonight, OK, Cathy?" "A couple of belts and even you might start to look good to me." "The modern age changed everything, Mr Thorson." "But it's my guess that there's still vestigial interest in the folklore of Iceland." "Vestigial." "Absolutely." "Heba, did you know that was a saying?" "No, Jerry." "Heba-heba." "You never heard that before?" "No, Jerry." "Do you realise the incredible potential that could result from our taking a mutual dip in each other's respective gene pools?" "Heba, I want to cook for you." "Very, very good." "That's funny." "So he says, "What do you get when you cross a Norwegian with a Swede?"" "A socialist who wants to be king!" "Well, I can remember it was somewhere in the '50s" "I came through your country." "Beautiful." "Not many trees, you know, but..." " Would you excuse me?" " Of course." "Meet me in my office." "Give me two minutes to break away." " Hell hath no fury." " What?" "Two minutes." "Thor, I've been meaning to ask you, are you familiar with the word Iuhamsta?" "Catherine, we agreed." "No scenes in front of the guests." "Keep the melodrama to a minimum." "Next thing I know, you're polishing my shoes with Dom Perignon." "Fill me in." "What's eating you?" "Why did you have this $1,000 chip from you know where in your pants?" "I thought you preferred women with certain experience." "Jerry gave me that." "It's good luck." "I thought I'd lost it." "I'm so relieved you found it." "Are you quite finished?" "Yes." "In that case...." "Let's burn the mill." "Let's do it tonight." "No, my love, we'll give Josie one last chance to sell." "Tomorrow." "Failing that..." "I have retained the services of a qualified professional." "Breath mint?" "Now let me get this straight." "Your entire country is above the timberline?" "Folks, can I have your attention, please?" "Can I have your attention?" "Thank you for turning out to welcome our neighbours from the magical isle of Iceland." "We are all Icelanders!" "Ghostwood Estates is an important part of our future, and there's no one we'd rather have as partners in our future than..." "Dance with him." "It is serious." "Dance with him." "All right!" "Hey, Jerry." "What's going on?" "Get Jacoby, get a net, but get him out of my life." "Jerry." "Donna?" "It's Maddy." "I remembered, when we were younger, Laura hid cigarettes in her bedpost." "The top of one of the posts screws off." " I found a tape in her hiding place." " Leland?" "I'll meet you and James tomorrow." "OK!" "And bring a tape recorder." "Did anyone see you come in here?" "No." "You do realise the risk if anyone sees us." "This was hidden in her desk, where you said it would be." " Then we can proceed." " When?" "Tomorrow night." "I told you to mind the store, not open a franchise." " Hank, I..." " Do as you're told, Leo." "Next time you'll watch me take your chippy apart before I kill you." " Get me a beer." " What happened?" "Just get me a damn beer!" "Get up and..." " What are you doing?" " You're not gonna hurt me again." "Don't touch me!" "Don't come near me, Leo!" "You stupid little slut!" "You haven't got the guts." "Reach over and turn on the light." "Don't make me leave." "Please, don't make me leave." | mini_pile | {'original_id': '97fc598556ea43aea55faca59c2f63d2dddb8f6ae7e6e8922848cb9500a62aed'} |
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SAWF on Signing With Perc & Riot Police in Athens (interview)
Reported by Joshua [Trackitdown] on March 5, 2012
“Sure I’ve been to some demonstrations and every time it was the police who were the main problem. The most frightening part of the experience is when you find yourself inhaling asphyxiating gas while cops are throwing stones and flash bombs into the crowd from really close up.”
Three years after he caught the attention of London industrial techno type Perc by sending him a couple of tracks in a random email, Greek producer Sawf has gone on to become one of Perctrax main acts, releasing several EPs and last year’s album Flaws.
Critically revered (Resident Advisor’s chief Todd Burns praised him for delivering ‘an unholy union of industrial techno and funky disco’) he nevertheless remains in Athens despite the country’s near terminal economic collapse. But did he say Greek COPS throw stones at demonstrators . . .?
“Oh yes, that’s a usual tactic they use here,” he confirms, “The last time it happened I saw quite a few people of all ages standing right next to me getting badly injured.”
And what was it like inhaling tear gas?
“It feels like shit like trying to breathe when they fire the gas, and lots of people pass out,” he replies.
“You also can’t run away because they usually drop the canisters right into the middle of the crowd so it’s total chaos. But I don’t want to make too big a deal of it,” he stresses, “that’s about what a million other people have experienced in the last couple of years in Athens . . .”
Despite remaining impressively sanguine about the situation, he has no illusions about the crisis Greece is facing.
“I don’t wanna’ be melodramatic about it but I’ll just say that the great majority of people who are my age are unemployed and that situation doesn’t look like it will be changing anytime soon,” he notes.
“A lot of people are going back to the countryside to their families in order to have a low cost of living and I think that trend will continue. The general feeling is that things are gonna’ get much worse. I don’t think that there's anyone is hoping for a fast recovery.”
Skrufff (Jonty Skrufff): How did you first connect with Perc and Perctrax three years ago?
Sawf: “I sent a mail to Ali (Perc) with some tracks of mine and after he tested them on tour he told me he wanted to release them. He did that then two years later he asked me if we could compile an album with tracks written during a 6 months period and I agreed.”
Skrufff: You're playing in London, Berlin and Geneva in the next few months; how much do you plan to stay in Athens long term?
Sawf: “well there's nothing about Athens that's so exciting nowadays music wise so a relocation definitely seems interesting. But it’s not in my immediate plans though.”
Skrufff: How much anger is there amongst you and your friends, towards Greek politicians and Germans?
Sawf: “Obviously there's anger against the politicians from the majority of the people not only from those people from my age group. And people hate German politicians as much as they hate Greek ones. The hate is also growing as the crisis worsens.”
Skrufff: What would you like to see happen to improve solve the crisis?
Sawf: “I don’t know and I don’t really care, to be honest, because whatever the solution is, it should need a zillion years in order to be accomplished. If solving the crisis means returning Greece to how it was before the crisis hit, well that doesn’t seem appealing to me at all. The crisis isn’t just financial it’s also about the corruption that exists here and it will take a few decades to make that extinct. But it’s not as though there are any serious steps being taken to deal with that anyway.”
Skrufff: How much has your music making been affected by the situation?
Sawf: “I was never a part of the Athens club scene so really it’s had no affect on me personally. The club scene was effectively already dead a couple of years before the crisis hit anyway, so the economic situation hasn’t made that difference in that sense. Right now there are some promoters introducing interesting guests that haven’t visited Athens before but it’s mostly house or bass music. Exciting club nights are pretty rare.”
Jonty Skrufff: | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.973465859889984}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '27771', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:PYJEXEK2RZVNGDXSI54TBERE2INTIQHQ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:1235e703-0fda-42b9-a304-f2ac6f70093b>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 4, 18, 0, 17, 24), 'WARC-IP-Address': '46.51.181.99', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:WBOHLSYUFEAV7XWMSWCTDC4QZZ4YD5XE', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:570738d9-5c46-45e2-8f7f-d1ddfbe24270>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.trackitdown.net/news/show/105043.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:2efbc610-8a8a-43b5-a9cd-e8503010b892>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '731', 'url': 'https://www.trackitdown.net/news/show/105043.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-15\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for April 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.019652903079986572', 'original_id': '21453e299bc2e0147e7fb51423eabda02fee5dd3c04b723eb9b89a3056bc0b00'} |
The Apostle Paul and Slavery
Philemon August 27, 2014 BQ070912
Christianity and Slavery
Slavery forms the backdrop to Philemon, and it is impossible to fully appreciate the book without some understanding of slavery in the Roman Empire.
Slavery was taken for granted as a normal part of life in the ancient world. Indeed, the whole structure of Roman society was based on it. “Slavery grew with the growth of the Roman state until it changed the economic basis of society, doing away with free labor, and transferring nearly all industries to the hands of slaves” (Marvin R. Vincent, The Epistles to the Philippians and to Philemon, International Critical Commentary [Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1979], p. 162). During the period of the wars of conquest, most slaves were war captives. By the time of the New Testament, however, most slaves were born into slavery. The number of slaves was enormous, making up as much as one third of the population of the Empire.
Slaves were not actually considered persons under the law, but the chattel property of their owners. They could be sold, exchanged, given away, or seized to pay their master’s debt. A slave had no legal right to marriage, and slave cohabitation was regulated by their masters. As already noted, masters had almost unlimited power to punish their slaves. The Roman writer Juvenal told of a wealthy woman who ordered the crucifixion of a slave and refused to give any reason except her own good pleasure.
By the New Testament era, however, slavery was changing. Treatment of slaves was improving, in part because masters came to realize that contented slaves worked better. Although not legally recognized as persons, slaves began to acquire some legal rights. In A.D. 20, the Roman senate decreed that slaves accused of crimes were to be tried in the same manner as free men (A. Rupprecht, “Slave, Slavery,” in The Zondervan Pictorial Encyclopedia of the Bible, ed. Merrill C. Tenney [Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1977], 5:459). In some cases, their wills were recognized as valid. They were often permitted to own property.
Slaves were often better off than freemen. They were assured of food, clothing, and shelter, while poor freemen often slept in the streets, or in cheap housing. Freemen had no job security and could lose their livelihood in times of economic duress. Many slaves ate and dressed as well as freemen.
Slaves could be doctors, musicians, teachers, artists, librarians, and accountants. It was not uncommon for a Roman to train a slave at his own trade. They had opportunities for education and training in almost all disciplines.
By the first century, freedom was a real possibility for many slaves. Owners often held out the hope of freedom to inspire their slaves to work better. Many shared deep friendships with their masters and were loved and cared for with generosity. Many slaves would not have taken their freedom if it had been offered because their employment was happy and beneficial. Slaves could also purchase their own freedom. Masters often designated in their wills that their slaves were to be freed or receive part of their estate after the master’s death. Manumission was thus widespread. One study indicated that in the period 81–49 b.c., five hundred thousand slaves were freed (Rupprecht, 5:458). By the time of Augustus Caesar, so many slaves were being freed upon the death of their owners that a law had to be passed restricting that practice (Rupprecht, 5:459). Estimates of the average length of time a slave had to wait for his freedom range from seven to twenty years.
It is significant that the New Testament nowhere attacks slavery directly. Had Jesus and the apostles done so, the result would have been chaos. Any slave insurrection would have been brutally crushed, and the slaves massacred. The gospel would have been swallowed up by the message of social reform. Further, right relations between slaves and masters made it a workable social institution, if not an ideal one.
Christianity, however, sowed the seeds of the destruction of slavery. It would be destroyed not by social upheaval, but by changed hearts. The book of Philemon illustrates that principle. Paul does not order Philemon to free Onesimus, or teach that slavery is evil. But by ordering Philemon to treat Onesimus as a brother (Philem. 16; cf. Eph. 6:9; Col. 4:1), Paul eliminated the abuses of slavery. Marvin Vincent comments, “The principles of the gospel not only curtailed [slavery’s] abuses, but destroyed the thing itself; for it could not exist without its abuses. To destroy its abuses was to destroy it” (Vincent, Philemon, p. 167).
One writer summed up the importance of Philemon in relation to slavery in these words:
The Epistle brings into vivid focus the whole problem of slavery in the Christian Church. There is no thought of denunciation even in principle. The apostle deals with the situation as it then exists. He takes it for granted that Philemon has a claim of ownership on Onesimus and leaves the position unchallenged. Yet in one significant phrase Paul transforms the character of the masterslave relationship. Onesimus is returning no longer as a slave but as a brother beloved (Verse 16). It is clearly incongruous for a Christian master to “own” a brother in Christ in the contemporary sense of the word, and although the existing order of society could not be immediately changed by Christianity without a political revolution (Which was clearly contrary to Christian principles), the Christian master-slave relationship was so transformed from within that it was bound to lead ultimately to the abolition of the system. (Donald Guthrie, New Testament Introduction [Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity, 1970], p. 640)
Related Products (for purchase): | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '13', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9781468510627748}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '59253', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:4PGIGKTWY6FEMV2JMRT3KCNINUSQWBYM', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:b7087de6-ce4f-42fb-94b4-34701cf7bde2>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2015, 2, 28, 19, 24, 38), 'WARC-IP-Address': '64.167.21.2', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:AMFWTAWF7XL3UF4CTNCJJVFV472UPRDL', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:e75e168c-948f-4284-8504-705a79baad71>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.gty.org/resources/bible-qna/BQ070912/The-Apostle-Paul-and-Slavery', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:8c1ab035-316f-4667-b4af-629f4eab4469>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '946', 'url': 'https://www.gty.org/resources/bible-qna/BQ070912/The-Apostle-Paul-and-Slavery', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2015-11\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for February 2015\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.04611027240753174', 'original_id': '0fbd4efa1039b5f49679a9b706bbdd9db2705f3d9133d019327c83c7f9f4186b'} |
※We are temporarily closed due to Typhoon Hagibis.
Kawasaki, the City with Many Faces
The Kawasaki City Museum opened as a cultural complex of history and art in November, 1988. In accordance with its basic theme of 'The City and Its People', the exhibits and collections highlight two distinct categories. They present the history and progress of Kawasaki on the one hand, illustrated with archeological, historical and folk exhibits; and, on the other, modern and contemporary artistic expressions with exhibits of posters, photographs, manga, films and videos by artists who have drawn inspiration from the urban environment of Kawasaki and other cities. These two facets of the museum have enabled it to amass rich and varied collections, and have resulted in displays and exhibitions that are both unique and original.
The museum offers permanent and temporary exhibits as well as regular showings of its visual collections. It also offers the general public for the use of its galleries and conference rooms for various purposes, including performing arts, concerts, lectures and workshops.
The Kawasaki City Museum aspires to become a hub of novel cultural experiences for visitors who look for discovery and enjoyment in art and culture. We await your patronage for, and participation in, our wide-ranging activities. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.956883192062378}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '29252', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:3Z7FOWBBJOXG4PS42NNPRAJTGCXBP5UH', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:7aa5f1b0-cacc-437e-8967-6c909a83604f>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 9, 20, 5, 22, 15), 'WARC-IP-Address': '150.60.157.144', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:C3OPIWHVFGZQBZONKWOH6I4RTCTSRXX3', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:68ec463f-3e1b-4cbb-937b-729e01267da0>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.kawasaki-museum.jp/introduction/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:6397739f-a190-4a51-816c-46ae47ebddee>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '205', 'url': 'https://www.kawasaki-museum.jp/introduction/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-39\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-22\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.04262852668762207', 'original_id': '481f9978dbc123d06238ab06d1a4feacd78a01eea41a7916ac4204966d8066ec'} |
<?php
namespace App\Models\Admin;
use App\Helper\ObjectHelper;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
use XiangYu2038\Wish\XY;
class StockModel extends BaseModel
{
protected $table = 'ts_stock';
// public $timestamps = false;
protected $guarded = [];
public function getTypeAttribute($value)
{
switch ($value){
case 1:
return '货架';
case 2:
return '托盘';
}
}
public function stockBox(){
return $this->hasMany('App\Models\Admin\StockBoxModel','stock_id');
}
public function stockDetails(){
return $this->hasMany('App\Models\Admin\StockDetailModel','stock_id');
}
/**
* 一个库位下面有多少东西 包含箱子产品
* @param
* @return mixed
*/
public function stockDetail(){
/////首先把箱子弄过来
$box_stock = $this->hasStockBox();
/////其次看看产品
$stock = $this->hasStockFashion();
$a = [];
foreach ($box_stock as $v){
foreach ($v['box_detail'] as $vv){
$vv['box_sn'] = $v['box_sn'];
$a[] = $vv;
}
}
$b = [];
foreach ($stock as $v){
$v['box_sn'] = '';
$b[] = $v;
}
$res = array_merge($a,$b);
return $res;
}
/**
* 一个库位下面有多少箱子
* @param
* @return mixed
*/
protected function hasStockBox(){
return this($this->stockBox,['box'=>['box_sn','box_detail'=>['fashion_name','fashion_code','fashion_size','fashion_num','fashion'=>['school','chen_xiang_yu_']],'chen_xiang_yu_']]);
}
/**
* 一个库位下面有多少商品
* @param
* @return mixed
*/
protected function hasStockFashion(){
return this($this->stockDetails,['fashion_name','fashion_code','fashion_size','fashion_num','fashion'=>['school_name','chen_xiang_yu_']]);
}
/**
* in 入库产品
* @param
* @param
* @return mixed
*/
public function inFashion($fashion,$type='入库'){
$fashion_stock = $this -> queryFashionStock($fashion);
if($fashion_stock === false){
$fashion['stock_id'] = $this->id;
$res = ObjectHelper::getInstance(StockDetailModel::class)->create($fashion);
if(!$res){
throw new \Exception('入库产品库位不存在的产品失败');
}
return ;
}
if($type == '盘点'){
$fashion_num = $fashion['fashion_num'];
}else{
$fashion_num = $fashion_stock->fashion_num + $fashion['fashion_num'];
}
$res = $fashion_stock->update(['fashion_num'=>$fashion_num]);
if(!$res){
throw new \Exception('更新库存失败');
}
return ;
//////
}
/**
* 查询本库位某个产品的库存
* @param
* @return mixed
*/
public function queryFashionStock($fashion_info){
foreach ($this->stockDetails as $v){
if($v->fashion_code.$v->fashion_size == $fashion_info['fashion_code'].$fashion_info['fashion_size']){
return $v;
}
}
return false;
}
public function queryFashionStockNum($fashion_info){
$res = $this -> queryFashionStock($fashion_info);
if($res===false){
return 0;
}
return $res->fashion_num;
}
/**
* 入库箱子
* @param
* @return mixed
*/
public function inBox($box,$type='出库'){
$stock_box_build = ObjectHelper::getInstance(StockBoxModel::class)->build($this->id,$box);
if($type == '盘点'){
$res = StockBoxModel::where('stock_id',$this->id)->where('box_sn',$box)->first();
if($res){
return ;
}
}
$res = StockBoxModel::create($stock_box_build);
if(!$res){
throw new \Exception('更新库存失败');
}
return ;
}
/**
* 对一个库位的一个产品进行出库操作
* @param
* @return mixed
*/
public function outFashion($fashion){
$fashion_stock = $this -> queryFashionStock($fashion);
if($fashion_stock === false){
$fashion['stock_id'] = $this->id;
$fashion['fashion_num'] = $fashion['fashion_num']*-1;
$res = ObjectHelper::getInstance(StockDetailModel::class)->create($fashion);
if(!$res){
throw new \Exception('出库产品库位不存在的产品失败');
}
return ;
}
$fashion_num = $fashion_stock->fashion_num - $fashion['fashion_num'];//为出库
$res = $fashion_stock->update(['fashion_num'=>$fashion_num]);
if(!$res){
throw new \Exception('更新库存失败');
}
return ;
//////
}
/**
* 对一个库位的一个产品进行出库操作
* @param
* @return mixed
*/
public function outBox($boxs){
$res = StockBoxModel::where('stock_id',$this->id)->where('box_sn',$boxs)->first();
if(!$res){
throw new \Exception('本库位没有此箱号');
}
$res ->delete();///执行删除
//////
}
/**
* stock 清空 一个库位的库存
* @param
* @return mixed
*/
public function clear(){
StockDetailModel::where('stock_id',$this->id)->delete();
StockBoxModel::where('stock_id',$this->id)->delete();
}
public function getBoxSnAttribute(){
return pick_up(this($this->stockBox,['box_sn']),'box_sn');
}
/**
* 一个库位拥有的箱子以及箱子的详情
* @param
* @return mixed
*/
public function hasBoxWithFashionDetail(){
$box_info = XY::with($this -> stockBox) -> delete('box')->except('stock_id','id')->wish('boxDetail')->except('box_id')->get();
return $box_info;
}
/**
* 一个库位拥有的箱子以及箱子下面的产品数量
* @param
* @return mixed
*/
public function hasBoxWithFashionNum(){
$box_info = XY::with($this -> stockBox)->add('fashion_num')->delete('box',true)->except('stock_id')->wish('box')->add('fashion_num')->get();
return $box_info;
}
/**
* 一个库位拥有的产品及其详情
* @param
* @return mixed
*/
public function hasFashion(){
//箱号加产品条形码
$fashion_info = XY::with($this -> stockDetails)->add('box_sn')->except('stock_id','fashion_code','fashion_size')->get();
return $fashion_info;
}
}
| common_corpus | {'identifier': 'https://github.com/12232525/myscan/blob/master/app/Models/Admin/StockModel.php', 'collection': 'Github Open Source', 'open_type': 'Open Source', 'license': 'MIT', 'date': '2019.0', 'title': 'myscan', 'creator': '12232525', 'language': 'PHP', 'language_type': 'Code', 'word_count': '450', 'token_count': '2161', '__index_level_0__': '52113', 'original_id': 'b0fdde0e1eb5f11602a34d4c86d8e238415e1c4529f739c800fa911047d20b5a'} |
The Global Demand for Logistic Skills
Wold Bank study finds shortage on all levels
A study commissioned by the World Bank and carried out by KLU’s Professor Alan McKinnon, Professor Kai Hoberg and Dr. Christoph Flöthmann has identified a critical shortage of logistics specialists and workers worldwide. Professor Hoberg explains why the industry is struggling to attract, retain and train their personnel, and what needs to be done to stop the situation from worsening.
Why are logistics organizations struggling to recruit skilled personnel?
First, it has to do with competition within the industry. The logistics industry has been growing for the past couple of decades with an average growth rate of 5%, and there is clearly a need for more personnel. Then there is competition with other industries, such as manufacturing, where skilled labor is also highly sought after.
Where in the industry do skills shortages exist?
In our study we look at four levels of logistics skills – managers at the top level; supervisors; administrative staff; and operators such as warehouse workers. We see skilled people missing on all levels, partly because they are attracted to other industries and partly because the right education isn’t there. In the developed world, we clearly see a shortage at the operative level. In developing countries there is more need to develop talent at the supervisor and manager level, which has to do with a lack of training programs. This in turn is probably due to a lack of available funds.
How can that lack of funds be remedied?
The World Bank is funding infrastructure projects in developing countries and investment in human capital is also necessary to have the right people to manage and run them. That’s what many international funding organizations have realized. In terms of government funding of education, logistics has to compete with other sectors. In developing countries, for example, health education funding is needed to increase life expectancy. Hence, funding for logistics might not seem as critical in the short term, but if you think about a country’s long-term development, it is. Also, businesses are facing challenges retaining talent. In developing countries especially, you can easily switch jobs, and competitors will headhunt skilled workers. Accordingly, companies might see few benefits from investment in training, because they might lose the workers they’ve trained, so that’s clearly another complication.
Are there any countries or areas not experiencing a skills shortage?
We conducted dozens of interviews and surveyed hundreds of participants and the picture we got was that the logistics industry is really struggling across the globe to attract the right talent. Where do you see the logistics sector in five to ten years’ time? We’re seeing a rapid development of technology, such as warehouse automation, that might reduce the need for logistics labor at a more operative level in the next ten years. But I think there will still be shortages of people with a more advanced skill set. Supply chains are becoming more complex and we need a continuous boost of education to ensure managers steering our supply chains have the skills to do so.
What can professional associations, such as the BVL in Germany, do to help the situation?
Many small and mid-sized players don’t have the funds or volume of staff to set up their own training programs and professional bodies need to take the lead role to develop materials and provide training.
What can tertiary and training institutions do to make studying logistics more attractive?
We have to start at the school level and highlight that logistics is not about moving pallets around, but it’s really about designing material, information and financial flows. Thus, we can hopefully convince them logistics is an interesting field of study.
Read more about the World Bank study on logistics competencies, skills and training | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9648343920707704}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '136378', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:XYGDMYHLQ4IE32VN5SR3NO3EEIVGNYMF', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:9e864b99-e010-49a0-af15-feb359d25774>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 4, 20, 16, 20, 30), 'WARC-IP-Address': '156.67.239.118', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:VHF5FUW5LV7CM57UWSWFT5NI45C3YAGS', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:258063ff-8647-4d51-b7dc-a68d88f0e3f1>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.the-klu.org/klu-experience/article/the-global-demand-for-logistic-skills/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:b2346e0d-4189-4b4a-bbc3-70f3bf54298a>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '633', 'url': 'https://www.the-klu.org/klu-experience/article/the-global-demand-for-logistic-skills/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-18\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for April 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-43-187-176.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.045858800411224365', 'original_id': '75a61cec50d43113cfa454504c8cd3fa1a5d2b485fdb037cc90c2c62aac0f08c'} |
30 FBI Agents checked into Mandalay Hotel 1-2 days before Vegas shooting?
Now we know why the FBI has implemented the most transparent cover-up in the history of American mass shootings.
SOTN Editor’s Note:
There are specific reasons why the FBI has led the cover-up of the Las Vegas mass shooting.
Not only was the Bureau well aware of Stephen Paddock’s activities as an arms dealer well before the massacre, they knew that his hotel room had been transformed into a virtual armory.
That doesn’t mean that Paddock had anything to do with the CIA-coordinated mass murder; he didn’t. Paddock was set up as the patsy who knew absolutely nothing about the false flag psyop carried out at the HARVEST on October 1, 2017.
What follows is perhaps the most radioactive breakthrough thus far regarding the Mandalay Bay massacre. Unfortunately, the breakthrough in this case was not disclosed by the FBI. That’s because it’s about the FBI’s direct involvement in the biggest mass shooting in U.S. history.
KEY POINT: Given the scenario presented below, it’s also quite possible that the FBI agents were set up to check into the Mandalay Bay by quite purposeful design. In this way, the FBI was forced to participate in an uncompromising cover-up in order to avoid suspicion. The agency may also have been alerted to a gunrunning deal or a terrorist attack, or both, but were provided flawed information to prevent them from thwarting the mass shooting. So many different possibilities here; however, the FBI has demonstrated a reflexive pattern of criminal cover-ups that begs for a complete overhaul.
Nevertheless, all that really matters at this point is who ordered the unparalleled and extremely bold sneak attack on the concert-going patriots, and why. Las Vegas Mass Shooting: Who really did it and why the HARVEST?
State of the Nation
November 4, 2017
From Jim Stone:
BOOM—RED ALERT: The latest that happened to the FBI will most definitely result in a massive terror attack on American soil. Heads up folks, this is BIG.
Someone got pissed about the latest remote control car murder of two Vegas witnesses (compliments of the FBI) and DOXXED THE FBI.
AS A RESULT OF THE DOX, SOMEONE AT INTEL HUB WAS ABLE TO CONFIRM THAT 30 OF THESE AGENTS CHECKED INTO THE MANDALAY BAY TO DO THE SHOOTING.
This is legit and is getting wiped everywhere. And all I can say is it won’t be wiped here, because I have no ads to lose, and this server is in a country where no one will care.
UPDATE: Now known: just like on 911, with FEMA showing up a day early, the Las Vegas shooting was preceded by 30 OF THE FBI AGENTS ON THIS LIST CHECKING INTO THE MANDALAY BAY 2 DAYS BEFORE THE SHOOTING, to coordinate the shooting and keep the subsequent reporting cinched down to a phony monologue. This was revealed by Intel Hub, and Alex Jones is now doing a gran mal rant about it over at Infowars. Maybe he had crap on Vegas at first, but it seems he’s pulling for all of us now.
A nice solid DOX of a totally corrupt agency was just what the doctor ordered! It made finding out what really happened in Vegas possible – 30 of these bastards were at the Mandalay for the shooting. FIGURE THE ODDS.
This could lead to an extremely dangerous situation, because the shadow state is now cornered, and their solution could well be another 9-11.
UPDATE: 4chan was completely taken offline when this got posted to make sure it was bleached. It is legit folks!
Unlike 4chan, I could care less about the FBI traitors to this nation, and I’d have this posted with photographs of each agent if that could be done. It is time to say enough is enough, and hunt these bastards down. So says the 590 murdered and injured in Vegas (and the now building list of people who are victims of a subsequent clean up!) The FBI can take their phoney Russia investigation and…. The feel good wore off on that fake piece of work the second the first hit was directed at Manafort. That right there proved Hillary will be off her crutches soon.
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http://www.anotherjsserver.com/zu3.html
—
http://stateofthenation2012.com/?p=88171 | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'bd63dd0635c859b8c1626ac39198734339556e75b4f60a7563840d898106c852'} |
package ens
//Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
//you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
//You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
//Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
//distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
//WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
//See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
//limitations under the License.
//
// Code generated by Alibaba Cloud SDK Code Generator.
// Changes may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if the code is regenerated.
import (
"github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/sdk/requests"
"github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/sdk/responses"
)
// DescribeKeyPairs invokes the ens.DescribeKeyPairs API synchronously
func (client *Client) DescribeKeyPairs(request *DescribeKeyPairsRequest) (response *DescribeKeyPairsResponse, err error) {
response = CreateDescribeKeyPairsResponse()
err = client.DoAction(request, response)
return
}
// DescribeKeyPairsWithChan invokes the ens.DescribeKeyPairs API asynchronously
func (client *Client) DescribeKeyPairsWithChan(request *DescribeKeyPairsRequest) (<-chan *DescribeKeyPairsResponse, <-chan error) {
responseChan := make(chan *DescribeKeyPairsResponse, 1)
errChan := make(chan error, 1)
err := client.AddAsyncTask(func() {
defer close(responseChan)
defer close(errChan)
response, err := client.DescribeKeyPairs(request)
if err != nil {
errChan <- err
} else {
responseChan <- response
}
})
if err != nil {
errChan <- err
close(responseChan)
close(errChan)
}
return responseChan, errChan
}
// DescribeKeyPairsWithCallback invokes the ens.DescribeKeyPairs API asynchronously
func (client *Client) DescribeKeyPairsWithCallback(request *DescribeKeyPairsRequest, callback func(response *DescribeKeyPairsResponse, err error)) <-chan int {
result := make(chan int, 1)
err := client.AddAsyncTask(func() {
var response *DescribeKeyPairsResponse
var err error
defer close(result)
response, err = client.DescribeKeyPairs(request)
callback(response, err)
result <- 1
})
if err != nil {
defer close(result)
callback(nil, err)
result <- 0
}
return result
}
// DescribeKeyPairsRequest is the request struct for api DescribeKeyPairs
type DescribeKeyPairsRequest struct {
*requests.RpcRequest
KeyPairName string `position:"Query" name:"KeyPairName"`
PageNumber string `position:"Query" name:"PageNumber"`
PageSize string `position:"Query" name:"PageSize"`
Version string `position:"Query" name:"Version"`
}
// DescribeKeyPairsResponse is the response struct for api DescribeKeyPairs
type DescribeKeyPairsResponse struct {
*responses.BaseResponse
RequestId string `json:"RequestId" xml:"RequestId"`
TotalCount int `json:"TotalCount" xml:"TotalCount"`
PageNumber int `json:"PageNumber" xml:"PageNumber"`
PageSize int `json:"PageSize" xml:"PageSize"`
KeyPairs KeyPairs `json:"KeyPairs" xml:"KeyPairs"`
}
// CreateDescribeKeyPairsRequest creates a request to invoke DescribeKeyPairs API
func CreateDescribeKeyPairsRequest() (request *DescribeKeyPairsRequest) {
request = &DescribeKeyPairsRequest{
RpcRequest: &requests.RpcRequest{},
}
request.InitWithApiInfo("Ens", "2017-11-10", "DescribeKeyPairs", "ens", "openAPI")
request.Method = requests.POST
return
}
// CreateDescribeKeyPairsResponse creates a response to parse from DescribeKeyPairs response
func CreateDescribeKeyPairsResponse() (response *DescribeKeyPairsResponse) {
response = &DescribeKeyPairsResponse{
BaseResponse: &responses.BaseResponse{},
}
return
}
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '67ad6d3d9281a3f356805d4851bd3db2090889ab277e305ad340eedc5ab381c9'} |
package org.knowm.xchart.demo.charts.ohlc;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import org.knowm.xchart.OHLCChart;
import org.knowm.xchart.OHLCChartBuilder;
import org.knowm.xchart.SwingWrapper;
import org.knowm.xchart.demo.charts.ExampleChart;
import org.knowm.xchart.style.Styler;
/**
* Demonstrates the following:
*
* <ul>
* <li>Candle render style green up, red down
* <li>LegendPosition.OutsideS
* <li>Two YAxis Groups - both on left
*/
public class OHLCChart02 implements ExampleChart<OHLCChart> {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExampleChart<OHLCChart> exampleChart = new OHLCChart02();
OHLCChart chart = exampleChart.getChart();
new SwingWrapper<OHLCChart>(chart).displayChart();
}
@Override
public OHLCChart getChart() {
// Create Chart
OHLCChart chart = new OHLCChartBuilder().width(800).height(600).title("Prices").build();
// Customize Chart
chart.getStyler().setLegendPosition(Styler.LegendPosition.OutsideS);
chart.getStyler().setLegendLayout(Styler.LegendLayout.Horizontal);
List<Date> xData = new ArrayList<>();
List<Double> openData = new ArrayList<>();
List<Double> highData = new ArrayList<>();
List<Double> lowData = new ArrayList<>();
List<Double> closeData = new ArrayList<>();
OHLCChart01.populateData(xData, openData, highData, lowData, closeData);
xData = null;
chart.addSeries("Series", xData, openData, highData, lowData, closeData);
chart.getStyler().setToolTipsEnabled(true);
chart.getStyler().setLegendVisible(false);
return chart;
}
@Override
public String getExampleChartName() {
return getClass().getSimpleName() + " - Candle rendering";
}
}
| mini_pile | {'original_id': 'efb1f838a44f2f5741cd133527b9a2ee49c03a39024849bd73478abebe7afcee'} |
^ K you make that remark out of interest in me, I have merely to assure you that I am impervious to cold. I should not mind taking my turn to watch the mill one of these summer nights, armed with your musket, Joe." Joe Scott's chin was always rather prominent : he poked it out, at this speech, some inches further than usual " But — to go back to my sheep," she proceeded— 176 SHIRLEY. *^ clothier and mill-owner, as I am, besides farmer, I cannot get out of my head a certain idea that we manufacturers and persons of business are sometimes a little — a very little selfish and short-sighted in our views, and rather too regardless of human suffering, rather heartless in our pursuit of gain : don't you agree with me, Joe?" *^ I cannot argue, where I cannot be compre- hended,*' was again the answer. *^ Man of mystery I Your master will argue with me sometimes, Joe : he is not so stiff as you are." *^ May be not : we 've all our own ways." *^ Joe, do you seriously think all the wisdom in the world is lodged in male skuUs ?" *^ I think that women are a kittle and a froward generation; and I've a great respect for the doc- trines delivered in the second chapter of St. Paul's first Epistle to Timothy." " What doctrines, Joe ? " ** Let the woman learn in silence, with all subjection. I suffer not a woman to teach, nor to usurp authority over the man ; but to be in silence. For Adam was first formed, then Eve." ^^ What has that to do with the business ? " inter- jected Shirley : " that smacks of rights of primo- geniture. I'll bring it up to Mr. Yorke the first time he inveighs against those rights." ^^ And," continued Joe Scott, *^ Adam was not deceived; but the woman, being deceived, was in the transgression." LOW PERSONS INTRODUCED. 177 " More shame to Adam to sin with his eyes open !" cried Miss Keeldar. *^ To confess the honest truth, Joe, I never was easy in my mind concerning that chapter : it puzzles me." It is very plain. Miss : he that runs may read." He may read it in his own fashion," remarked Caroline, now joining in the dialogue for the first time. " You allow the right of private judgment, I suppose, Joe ? " " My certy, that I do 1 I allow and claim it for every line of the holy Book." ^^ Women may exercise it as well as men ? " ** Nay : women is to take their husbands' opinion, both in politics and religion: it's wholesomest for them." *^ Oh ! oh ! " exclaimed both Shirley and Caroline. ** To be sure ; no doubt on't," persisted the stub- bom overlooker. ^* Consider yourself groaned down, and cried shame over, for such a stupid observation," said Miss Keeldar. " You might as well say, men are to take the opinions of their priests without examina- tion. Of what value would a reUgion so adopted be ? It would be mere blind, besotted superstition." **And what is your reading. Miss Helstone, o' these words o' St. Paul's?" ** Hem ! I — I account for them in this way : he wrote that chapter for a particular congregation of Christians, under peculiar circumstances; and be- sides, I dare say, if I could read the original Greek, VOL. II. N 178 SHIRLEY. I should find that many of the words have been wrongly translated^ perhaps misapprehended alto- gether. It would be possible, I doubt not, with a little ingenuity, to give the passage quite a con- trary turn ; to make it say, * Let the woman speak out whenever she sees fit to make an objection; — * it is permitted to a woman to teach and to exercise authority as much as may be. Man^ meantime, cannot do better than hold his peace,' and so on." " That willn't wash. Miss." ** I dare say it wilL My notions are dyed in faster colours than yours, Joe. Mr. Scott, you are a thoroughly dogmatical person, and always were: I like William better than you." *^ Joe is well enough in his own house," ssdd Shirley : ^* I have seen him as quiet as a lamb at home. There is not a better nor a kinder husband in Briarfield. He does not dogmatize to his wife." ** My wife is a hard-working, plain woman : time and trouble has ta'en all the conceit out of her ; but that is not the case with you, young Misses. And then you reckon to have so much knowledge ; and i* my thoughts it's only superficial sort o' vanities you're acquainted with. I can tell — ^happen a year sin' — one day Miss Caroline coming into our count- ing-house when I war packing up sunomut behind t' great desk, and she didn't see me, and she brought a slate wi' a sum on it to t' maister: it war only a bit of a sum in practice, that our Harry would have settled i' two minutes. She couldn't do it; LOW PERSONS INTRODUCED. 11? 9 Mr. CHAPTER Vin. A SUMMER NIGHT. The hour was now that of dusk. A dear air favoured the kindling of the stars. ** There will be just light enough to show me the way home," said Miss Keeldar, as she prepared to take leave of Caroline at the Rectory garden-door. " You must not go alone, Shirley. Fanny shall accompany you." ** That she shall not. Of what need I be afiraid in my own parish ? I would walk from Fieldhead to the church any fine mid-summer night, three hoius later than this, for the mere pleasure of seeing the stars, and the chance of meeting a fairy." But just wait till the crowd is cleared away." Agreed. There are the five Misses Armitage streaming by. Here comes Mrs. Sykes's phaeton, Mr. Wynne's close carriage, Mrs. Birtwhistle's car: I don't wish to go through the ceremony of bidding them all good-bye, so we will step into the garden and take shelter amongst the laburnums for an in- stant." A SUMMER NIGHT. 181 The Rectors, their Curates and their Church- wardens, now issued from the church-porch. There was a great confabulation, shaking of hands, con- gratulation on speeches, recommendation to be care- ful of the night air, &c. By degrees the throng dispersed ; the carriages drove off. Miss Keeldar was just emerging from her flowery refuge, when Mr. Helstone entered the garden and met her, *^ Oh ! I want you ! " he said : *^ I was afraid you were already gone. Caroline, come here 1" Caroline came, expecting as Shirley did, a lecture on not having been visible at church. Other sub- jects, however, occupied the Rector's mind. ^* I shall not sleep at home to-night," he continued. *^ I have just met with an old friend, and promised to accompany him. I shall return probably about noon to-morrow. Thomas, the clerk, is engaged, and I cannot get him to sleep in the house, as I usually do when I am absent for a night ; now ^ ^^Now," interrupted Shirley, "you want me as a gentleman — the first gentleman in Briarfield^ ia short, to supply your place, be master of the Rectory, and guardian of your niece and maids while you are away?" ^^ Exactly, captain : I thought the post would suit you. Will you favour Candine so fiar as to be her guest for one night ? Will you stay here instead of going back to Fieldhead?" *^And what will Mrs. Pryor do? She expects me home." 182 SHIRLEY. *^ I will send her word. Come, make up your mind to stay. It grows late; the dew falls heavily: you and Caroline will enjoy each other's society I doubt not." *^ I promise you then to stay with Caroline," re- plied Shirley. "As you say, we shall enjoy each other's society: we will not be separated to-night. Now, rejoin your old friend, and fear nothing for us." " If there should chance to be any disturbance in the night, captain — ^if you should hear the picking of a lock, the cutting out of a pane of glass, a stealthy tread of steps about the house (and I need not fear to teU yow, who bear a well-tempered, mettlesome heart under your girl's ribbon-sash, that such little incidents are very possible in the present time), what would you do ?" " Don't know — faint, perhaps — fall down, and have to be picked up again. But, doctor, if you assign me the post of honour, you must give me arms. What weapons are there in your strong- hold?" *^ You could not wield a sword ? " *^ No ; I could manage the carving-knife better." *^You will find a good one in the dining-room side-board: a lady's knife, light to handle, and as sharp-pointed as a poniard." " It will suit Caroline ; but you must give me a brace of pistols : I know you have pistols." " I have two pairs ; one pair I can place at your A SUHMEB KIGHT. 183 disposaL You will find them suspended over the mantelpiece of my study in cloth cases." *^ Loaded?" " Yes, but not on the cocL Cock them before you go to bed. It is paying you a great com- pliment, captain, to lend you these : were you one of the awkward squad you should not have them." "I will take care. You need delay no longer, Mr. Helstone : you may go now. He is gracious to me to lend me his pistols," she remarked, as the Rector passed out at the garden-gate, " But come, Lina," she continued ; ** let us go in and have some supper : I was too much vexed at tea with the vicin- age of Mr. be yet excluded. They took their meal in silence: Caroline rose once, to remove to the window-sill a glass of flowers which stood on the side-board ; the exhalation from the blossoms being somewhat too powerful for the sultry room : in returning, she half opened a drawer, and took from it something thsfc glittered clear and keen in her hand. « You assigned this to me, then, Shirley— did you ? It is bright, keen-edged, finely-tapered : it is danger^ ous-looking. I never yet felt the impulse which could move me to direct this agiunst a fellow- creature. It is difficult to fancy what circumstances could nerve my arm to strike home with this long knife." " I should hate to do it," replied Shirley ; " but I think I could do it, if goaded by certain exigencies which I can imagine." And Miss Keeldar quietly sipped her glass of new milk, looking somewhat thoughtful, and a little pale : though, indeed, when did she not look pale ? She was never florid* The milk sipped and the bread eaten, Fanny was again summoned : she and Eliza were rec(Hnmended to go to bed, which they were quite willing to do, being weary of the day's exertions, of much cutting of currant-buns, and filling of urns and teapots, and running backwards and forwards with trays. Ere long the maids' chamber-door was heard to dose: Caroline took a candle, and went quietly all over the house, seeing that every window was fast and every door barred. She did npt even evade the haunted A SUMMER NIGHT. 185 back-kitcheD, nor the vault -like cellars. These visited, she returned " There is neither spirit nor flesh in the house at present," she said, *^ which should not be there. It is novr near eleven o'clock, fiiUy bed-time, yet I would rather sit up a little longer, if you do not object, Shirley. Here," she continued, ** I have brought the brace of pistols from my uncle's study: you may examine them at your leisure." She placed them on the table before her friend. "Why would you rather sit up longer?" asked Miss Keeldar, taking up the firearms, examining them, and again laying them down. ** Because I have a strange, excited feeling in my heart." " So have L" ** Is this state of sleeplessness and restlessness caused by something electrical in the air, I wonder ?" " No : the sky is clear, the stars numberless ; it is a fine night." ^* But very stilL I hear the water fret over its stony bed in Hollow's Copse as distinctly as if it ran below the churchyard-walL" ^^ I am glad it is so still a night : a moaning wind or rushing rain would vex me to fever just now." "Why, Shirley?" " Because it would baffle my efforts to listen." " Do you listen towards the Hollow ?" " Yes ; it is the only quarter whaice we can hear a sound just now." 186 SHIRLEY ^* The only one, Shirley," They both sat near the window, and both leaned their arms on the sill, and both inclined their heads towards the open lattice. They saw each other's young faces by the starlight, and that dim, June twilight which does not wholly fade from the west till dawn begins to break in the east. ** Mr. Helstone thinks we have no idea which way he is gone," murmured Miss Keeldar, ** nor on what errand, nor with what expectations, nor how prepared; but I guess much — do not you?" I guess something." All those gentlemen — ^your cousin Moore included —think that you and I are now asleep in our beds, unconscious." €( Caring nothing about them — ^hoping and fearing nothing for them," added Caroline. Both kept silence for full half an hour. The night was silent, too ; only the church-clock measured its course by quarters. Some words were iliterchanged about the chill of the air: they wrapped their scarves closer round them, resumed their bonnets, which they had removed, and again watched. Towards midnight, the teasing, monotonous bark of the houseniog disturbed the quietude of their vigiL Caroline rose, and made her way noiselessly through the dark passages to the kitchen, intending to appease him with a piece of bread : she succeeded. On returning to the dining-room, she found it all dark. Miss Keeldar having extinguished the candle: A SUMMEE NIGHT. 187 he outline of her shape was visible near the still open pnndow, leaning out. Miss Helstone asked no ques- lions : she stole to her side. The dog recommenced barking furiously ; suddenly he stopped, and seemed to listen. The occupants of the dining-room listened too, and not merely now to the flow of the mill- stream : there was a nearer, though a muffled sound on the road below the churchyard ; a measured, beat- ing, approaching sound ; a duU tramp of marching feet. It drew near. Those who listened, by degrees, comprehended its extent. It was not the tread of two, nor of a dozen, nor of a score of men : it was the tread of hundreds. They could see nothing : the high shrubs of the garden formed a leafy screen between them and the road. To hear, however, was not enough; and this they felt as the troop trode forwards, and seemed actually passing the Rectory. They felt it more when a human voice — though that voice spoke but one word — broke the hush of the night. *^Halt!" A halt followed : the march was arrested. Then came a low conference, of which no word was dis- tinguishable from the dining-room. ** We must hear this," said Shirley. She turned, took her pistols from the table, silently passed out through the middle window of the dining-room, which was, in fact, a glass door, stole down the walk to the garden-wall, and stood 188 SHIBLET. listening under the lilacs. Caroline would not Iiave quitted the house had she been alone^ but where Shirley went she would go. She glanced at the weapon on the side-board^ but left it behind her^ and presently stood at her friend's side. They dared not look over the wall, for fear of being seen: they were obliged to crouch behind it : they heard these words : — " It looks a rambling old building. Who Kres in it besides the damned parson ?" " Only three women : his niece and two servants." " Do you know where they sleep?'' " The lasses behind : the niece in a front room." "AndHelstone?" "Yonder is his chamber. He uses burning ft light ; but I see none now." *^ Where would you get in?" ** K I were ordered to do his job— and he desarves it — I 'd try yond' long window : it opens to the dining- room : I could grope my way up-stairs, and I know his chamber." '*How would you manage about the women folk?" " Let 'em alone, except they shrieked^ and tiben I 'd soon quieten 'em. I could wish to find the M chap asleep : if he waked, he 'd be dangerous." "Has he arms?" ** Fire-^arms, alius, — and alius loadened." "Then you're a fool to stop us h^:e; a shot would give the alarm : Moore would be on us before A SUMMEB NIGHT. 189 we could turn round. We should miss our main object.'' ** You might go on, I tell you. I 'd engage Helatone alone." A pause. One of the party dropped some weapon which rang on the stone causeway: at this sound the Eectory dog barked again furiously — ^fiercely. ** That spoils all I" said the voice ; " he '11 awake : a noise like that might rouse the dead. You did not say there was a dog. Damn you ! Forward !" Forward they went, — ^tramp, tramp, — ^with mus- tering, manifold, slow-filing tread. They were gone. Shirley stood erect ; looked over the wall, along the rood. *^ Not a soul remains," she said. She stood and mused. "Thank God!" was the next observation. Caroline repeated the ejaculation, not in so steady a tone: she was trembling much; her heart was beating fast and thick ; her face was cold ; her fore- head damp. ** Thank God for us!" she reiterated; "but what will happen elsewhere? They have passed us by that they may make sure of others." ^' They have done well," returned Shirley, with composure: "the others will defend themselves, — they can do it, — ^they are prepared for them : with us it is otherwise. My finger was on the trigger of this pistol. I was quite ready to give that man, if he Iiad entered, such a greeting as he little calculated 190 SHIRLEY. on; but behind him followed three hundred: I had neither three hundred hands nor three hundred weapons. I could not have effectually protected either you, myself, or the two poor women asleep imder that roof; therefore I again earnestly thank God for insult and peril escaped." After a second pause, she continued : ** What is it my duty and wisdom to do next ? Not to stay here inactive, I am glad to say, but of course to walk over to the Hollow." " To the Hollow, Shirley ?" " To the Hollow. Will you go with me ?" *^ Where those men are gone ?" *^ They have taken the highway : we should not encounter them : the road over the fields is as safe, silent and solitary as a path through the air would be. Will you go?" ** Yes," was the answer, given mechanically, not because the speaker wished, or was prepared to go; or, indeed, was otherwise than scared at the prospect of going, but because she felt she could not abandon Shirley. *^Then we must fasten up these windows, and leave all as secure as we can behind us. Do you know what we are going for, Gary?" Yes — no — ^because you wish it." Is that all? And are you so obedient to a mere caprice of mine? What a docile wife you would make to a stem husband. The moon's fece is not whiter than yours at this moment ; and the A SUMMER NIGHT. 191 aspen at the gate does not tremble more than your busy fingers; and so, tractable and terror-struck, and dismayed and devoted, you would follow me into the thick of real danger! Gary, let me give your fidelity a motive: we are going for Moore's sake ; to see if we can be of use to him : to make an effort to warn him of what is coming." " To be sure ! I am a blind, weak fool, and you are acute and sensible, Shirley ! I will go with you 1 I will gladly go with you !" '^ I do not doubt it. You would die blindly and meekly for me, but you would intelligently and gladly die for Moore: but in truth there is no question of death to-night, — we run no risk at all." Caroline rapidly closed shutter and lattice. ^^ Do not fear that I shall not have breath to run as fast as you can possibly run, Shirley. Take my hand : let us go straight across the fields." ** But you cannot climb walls?" « To-night I can." *^ You are a&aid of hedges, and the beck which we shall be forced to cross ?" ** I can cross it." They started: they ran. Many a wall checked but did not baffle them. Shirley was surefooted and agile : she could spring like a deer when she chose. Caroline, more timid, and less dexterous, fell once or twice, and bruised herself; but she rose again directly, saying she was not hurt. A quickset hedge bounded the last field : they lost time in seeking a gap in it : <( iC 192 SHIHLET. the aperture^ when founds was narrow^ but they worked their way through : the long hsdr^ the tender skin^ the silks and the muslins suffered; but what was chiefly regretted was the impediment this diffi- culty had caused to speed. On the other side they met the beck^ flowing deep in a rough bed : at this point a narrow plank formed the only bridge across it. Shirley had trodden the plank successftdly and fearlessly many a time before : Caroline had neva* yet dared to risk the transit. " I will carry you across," swd Miss Keeldar: you are light, and I am not weak : let me try." If I fall in, you may fish me out," was the answer, as a grateful squeeze compressed her hand Caroline, without pausing, trod forward on the trembling plank as if it were a continuation of the firm turf: Shirley, who followed, did not cross it more resolutely or safely. In their present humour, on their present errand, a strong and foaming channel would have been a barrier to neither. At the mo- ment they were above the control either of fire or water : all Stilbro' Moor, alight and- alow with bon- fires, would not have stopped them, nor would Calder or Aire thundering in flood. Yet one sound made them pause. Scarce had they set foot on the solid opposite bank, when a shot split the air from the north. One second lapsed. Further ofl^ burst a like note in the south. Within the space of three minutes, similar signals boomed in the east and west. A SUMMER NIGHT. 193 ** I thought we were dead at the first explosion,'* observed Shirley, drawing a long breath. " I felt myself hit in the temples, and I concluded your heart was pierced ; but the reiterated voice was an explanation : those are signals — ^it is their way — ^the attack must be near. We should have had wings : our feet have not borne us swiftly enough.** A portion of the copse was now to clear : when they emerged from it, the mill lay just below them : they could look down upon the buildings, the yard ; they could see the road beyond. And the first glance in that direction told Shirley she was right in her conjecture : they were already too late to give warning : it had taken more time than they calcu- lated on to overcome the various obstacles which embarrassed the short cut across the fields. The road, which should have been white, was dark with a moving mass : the rioters were assembled in front of the closed yard gates, and a single figure stood within, apparently addressing them: the mill itself was perfectly black and still ; there was neither life, light, nor motion around it. *^ Surely he is prepared : surely that is not Moore meeting them alone I" whispered Shirley. It is — ^we must go to him ! I will go to him.'* That you will not." Why did I come, then ? I came only for him. I shall join him." ** Fortunately, it is out of your power : there is no entrance to the yard." VOL. II. O 194 SHIBLET. *' There is a small entrance at the back, beaides the gates in front: it opens by a secret method which I know — ^I will try it." ** Not with my leave." Miss Keeldar clasped her round the waist with both arms and held her back. '^ Not one step shaD you stir," she went on authoritatiyely. ** At thk moment^ Moore would be both shocked and em- barrassed, if he saw either you or me. Men never want women near them in time of real danger." '^ I would not trouble — I would help him," wae the reply. " How ? By inspiring him with heroism? Pooh! These are not the days of chivalry : it is not a tik at a tournament we are going to behold, but a struggle about money, and food, and life." ** It is natural that I should be at his ade." *^ As queen of his heart? His mill is his lady- love, Gary ! Backed by his factory and his frames, he has all the encouragement he wants or can know. It is not for love or beauty, but for ledger and broad-cloth, he is going to break a spear. Don't be sentimental ; Bobert is not so." " I could help him — ^I will seek him." " Off then — I let you go— seek Moore : you 'D not find him." She loosened her hold. Caroline sped like levelled shaft from bent bow ; after her rang a jesting, gibing laugL *^ Look well there is no mistake I" was the warning given. A SUMMER NIGHT. 195 But there was a mistake. Miss Helstone paused^ hesitated; gazed. The figure had suddenly re- treated from the gate^ and was running back hastily to the milL *^ Make haste^ Linal" cried Shirley : ** meet him before he enters." Caroline slowly returned. "It is not Robert," she said : " it has neither his height, form, nor bear- ing." ** I saw it was not Robert when I let you go. How could you imagine it ? It is a shabby little figure of a private soldier : they had posted him as sentinel. He is safe in the mill now: I saw the door open and admit him. My mind grows easier ; Robert is prepared: our warning would have been superfluous, and now I am thankful we came too late to give it: it has saved us the trouble of a scene. How fine to have entered the counting-house ^ toute eperdue,' and to have found oneself in presence of Messrs. Armitage and Ramsden smoking, Malone swaggering, your uncle sneering, Mr. Sykes sipping a cordial, and Moore himself in his cold man-of- business vein : I am glad we missed it alL" I wonder if there are many in the mill, Shirley ?" Plenty to defend it. The soldiers we have twice seen to-day were going there no doubt, and the group we noticed surroimding your cousin in the fields will be with him." " What are they doing now, Shirley ? What is that noise ?" o 2 ft 196 SHIRLEY. *^ Hatchets and crow-bars against the yard-gates : they are forcing them. Are you afraid ?" " No ; but my heart throbs fast ; I have a dlfB- culty in standing: I will sit down. Do you feel unmoved?" " Hardly that — ^but I am glad I came : we shall see what transpires with our own eyes : we are here on the spot, and none know it. Instead of amazmg the curate, the clothier, and the corn-dealer with a romantic rush on the stage, we stand alone with the firiendly night, its mute stars, and these whisperiog trees, whose report our friends will not come to gather." *^ Shirley — Shirley, the gates are down ! That crash was like the felling of great trees. Now they are pouring through. They will break down the raiU-doors as they have broken the gate : what can Robert do against so many ? Would to God, I were a little nearer him — could hear him speak— could speak to him ! With my will — my longing to serve him— I could not be a useless burden in his way : I could be turned to some account." *^ They come on !" cried Shirley. *^ How steadily they march in ! There is discipline in their ranks— I will not say there is courage : hundreds against tens are no proof of that quality ; but " (she dropped her voice) " there is suffering and desperation enough amongst them — these goads will urge them for- wards.^' *^ Forwards against Robert — and they hate him. A SUMMER NIGHT. 197 Shirley, is there much danger they will win the day?" "We shall see. Moore and Helstone are of * earth's first blood ' — no bunglers — no cra- vens ^" A crash — smash — shiver — stopped their whispers. A simultaneously-hurled volley of stones had saluted the broad front of the mill, with all its windows ; and now every pane of every lattice, lay in shattered and pounded fragments. A yell followed this demonstra- tion — a rioters' yell — a North-of-England — a York- shire — a West-E-iding — a West-Riding-clothing-dis- trict-of-Yorkshire rioters' yell. You never heard that sound, perhaps, reader? So much the better for your ears — perhaps for your heart ; since, if it rends the air in hate to yourself, or to the men or princi- ples you approve, the interests to which you wish well. Wrath wakens to the cry of Hate : the Lion shakes his main, and rises to the howl of the Hyaena : Caste stands up, ireful, against Caste ; and the indig- nant, wronged spirit of the Middle Rank bears down in zeal and scorn on the famished and furious mass of the Operative Class. It is diflScult to be tolerant — difficult to be just — ^in such moments. Caroline rose; Shirley put her arm round her: they stood together as still as the straight stems of two trees. That yell was a long one, and when it ceased, the night was yet full of the swaying and murmuring of a crowd. "What next?" was the question of the listeners. 198 8HIBLET* Nothing came yet. The mill remained mute as a mausoleum. ^^ He cannot be alone !" whifipered Caroline. ^^ I would stake all I haye^ that he is as little alone as he is alarmed," responded Shirley. Shots were discharged by the rioters. Had the defenders waited for this signal ? It seemed so. The hitherto inert and passive mill woke: fire flashed firom its empty window-frames ; a volley of musketry pealed sharp through the HoUow. ^^ Moore speaks at last!" said Shirley, '^and he seems to have the gift of tongues ; that was not a single voice." '^ He has been forbearing ; no one can accuse him of rashness," alleged Caroline : ^^ their discharge pre- ceded his ; they broke his gates and his windows ; they fired at his garrison before he repelled them." What was going on now ? It seemed difiicult, in the darkness, to distinguish, but something terrible, a still-renewing tumult, was obvious: fierce attacks, desperate repulses ; the mill-yard, the mill itself, was full of battle-movement: there was scarcely any cessation now of the discharge of firearms ; and there was struggling, rushing, trampling, and shouting between. The aim of the assailants seemed to be to enter the mill, that of the defendants to beat them off. They heard the rebel leader cry, " To the back, lads!" They heard a voice retort, "Come round, we will meet you !" " To the counting-house !" was the order again. A SUMMEE NIGHT. 199 *^ Welcome ! — ^We shall have you there !" was the response. And accordingly, the fiercest blaze that had yet glowed, the loudest rattle that had yet been heard, burst from the counting4M>u8e front, when the mass of rioters rushed up to it. The voice that had spoken was Moore's own voice. They could tell by its tones that his soul was now warm with the conflict : they could guess that the fighting animal was roused in every one of those meu there struggling tc^ether, and was for the time quite paramount above the rational htunan being. Both the girls felt their faces glow and their pulses throb : both knew they would do no good by rushing down into the melee : they desired neither to deal nor to receive blows ; but they could not have run away — Caroline no more than Shirley ; they could not have Mnted ; they could not have taken their eyes from the dim, terrible scene — ^from the mass of cloudy of smoke — the musket-lightning — ^for the world. ** How and when would it end ?" was the demand throbbing in their throbbing pulses. "Would a juncture arise in which they could be useful?" was what they waited to see ; for, though Shirley put off their too-late arrival with a jest, and was ever ready to satirize her own or any other person's enthusiasm, she would have given a farm of her best land for a chance of rendering good service. The chance was not vouchsafed her ; the looked- for juncture never came : it was not likely. Moore had expected this attack for days, perhaps weeks : he 200 SHIRLEY. was prepared for It at every point. He had fortified and garrisoned his mill, which in itself was a strong building : he was a cool, brave man : he stood to the defence with unflinching firmness; those who were with him caught his spirit, and copied his demeanour. The rioters had never been so met before. At other Tnillfl they had attacked, they had found no resistance; an organized, resolute defence was what they never dreamed of encountering. When their leaders saw the steady fire kept up from the mill, witnessed the composure and determination of its owner, heard themselves coolly defied and invited on to death, and beheld their men falling wounded round them, they felt that nothing was to be done here. In haste, they mustered their forces, drew them away from the building: a roll was called over, in which the men answered to figures instead of names: they dispersed wide over the fields, leaving silence and ruin behind them. The attack, from its com- mencement to its termination, had not occupied an hour. Day was by this time approaching : the west was dim, the east beginning to gleam. It would have seemed that the girls who had watched this conflict would now wish to hasten to the victors, on whose fiide all their interest had been enlisted; but they only very cautiously approached the now battered mill, and, when suddenly a number of soldiers and gentlemen appeared at the great door opening into ihe yard, they quickly stepped aside into a shed, the A SUMMER NIGHT. 201 deposit of old Iron and timber, whence they could see without being seen. It was no cheering spectacle : these premises were now a mere blot of desolation on the fresh front of the summer-dawn. All the copse up the Hollow was shady and dewy, the hill at its head was green ; but just here in the centre of the sweet glen. Discord, broken loose in the night from control, had beaten the ground with his stamping hoofs, and left it waste and pulverized. The mill yawned all ruinous with unglazed frames ; the yard was thickly bestrewn with stones and brickbats, and, close under the mill, with the glittering fragments of the shattered windows ; muskets and other weapons lay here and there; more than one deep crimson stain was visible on the gravel : a human body lay quiet on its face near the gates; and five or six wounded men writhed and moaned in the bloody dust. Miss Keeldar's countenance changed at this view : it was the aftertaste of the battle, death and pain replacing excitement and exertion : it was the black- ness the bright fire leaves when its blaze is sunk, its warmth failed, and its glow faded. ** This is what I wished to prevent," she said, in a voice whose cadence betrayed the altered impulse of her heart. *'But you could not prevent it ; you did your best; it was in vain," said Caroline, comfortingly. *^ Don't grieve, Shirley." **I am sorry for those poor fellows," was the 202 BHLELET. answer^ while the spark in her glance dissolved to dew. " Are any within the mill hurt, I wonder? Is that your unde?" ^It is^ and there is Mr. Malone^ and^ oh Shirley! There is Robert !" ** Well," (resuming her former tone), *^ don't squeeze your fingers quite into my hand : I see, there is nothing wonderful in that. We knew he, at least, was here, whoever might be absent.^ ** He is coming here toward us, Shirley ! " '^ Towards the pump, that is to say, for the purpose of washing his hands and his forehead, which has got a scratch, I perceive." "He bleeds, Shirley: don't hold me; I must go." « Not a step." " He is hurt, Shirley ! " "Fiddlestick!" ^^ But I mttst go to him : I wish to go so much : 1 cannot bear to be restrained." "What for?" " To speak to him, to ask how he is, and whfli I can do for him ? " ^' To teaze and annoy him ; to make a spectacle of yourself and him before those soldiers, Mr. Ma- lone, your uncle, et cetera. Would he like it think you? Would you like to remember it a week hence ?" "Am I always to be curbed and kept down?'' demanded Caroline, a little passionately* A SUMMES NIGHT. SOS "Far his sake, yes. And still more for your own. I tell you, if you shewed yourself now, you would repent it an hour hence, and so would Eobert." *^ You think he would not like it, Shirley ?" ** Far less than he would like our stopping liim to say good-night, which you were so sore about." ^ But that was all play ; there was no danger." " And this is serious work : he must be un« molested." '^ I only wished to go to him because he is my cousin, — ^you understand?" *^ I quite understand. But now, watch him. He has bathed his forehead, and the blood has ceased trickling ; his hurt is really a mere graze : I can see it from hence : he is going to look after the wounded men." Accordingly Mr. Moore and Mr. Helstone went round the yard, examining each prostrate form. They then gave directions to have the wounded taken up and carried into the milL This duty being performed, Joe Scott was ordered to saddle his master's horse, and Mr. Helstone's pony, and the two gentlemen rode away fail gallop, to seek surgical aid in different directions. Caroline was not yet pacified. "Shirley, Shirley, I should have liked to speak one word to him before he went," she murmured, while the tears gathered glittering in her eyes. " Why do you cry, Lina?" asked Miss Keeldar a 204 SHIBLET. little sternly. " You ought to be glad instead of sorry. Bobert has escaped any serious harm ; he is victorious: he has been cool and brave in combat; he is now considerate in triumph: is this a time — ^are these causes for weeping ?" *^You do not know what I have in my heart," pleaded the other: "what pain^ what distraction; nor whence it arises. I can understand that you should exult in Robert's greatness and goodness; so do I, in one sense, but, in another, I feel so miserable. I am too far removed from him : I used to be nearer. Let me alone, Shirley: do let me cry a few minutes ; it relieves me." Miss Keeldar, feeling her tremble in every limb, ceased to expostulate with her : she went out of the shed, and left her to weep in peace. It was the best plan : in a few minutes Caroline rejoined her, much calmer: she said with her natural, docile, gentle manner — " Come, Shirley, we will go home now. I pro- mise not to try to see Kobert again till he asks for me. I never will try to push myself on him. I thank you for restraining me just now." " I did it with a good intention," returned Miss Keeldar. | common_corpus | {'identifier': 'shirleybycurrer00brongoog_7', 'collection': 'US-PD-Books', 'open_type': 'Open Culture', 'license': 'Public Domain', 'date': '', 'title': 'Shirley, by Currer Bell', 'creator': 'None', 'language': 'English', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '7107', 'token_count': '9394', '__index_level_0__': '38397', 'original_id': '713656745def69dc03454bae3e2da8d13810cc551032a29c68f6e573007ea4ce'} |
Louie Gohmert Goes There With Nazi Comparison (Video)
Rep. Louie Gohmert, R-Texas, likened the cancellation of HGTV's "Flip It Forward" to Nazism during a speech on the House floor Friday.
According to Gohmert, backlash from anti-gay remarks that the show's hosts made demonstrates a totalitarian atmosphere. Paraphrasing the hosts, Gohmert relayed on their behalf that, "Look we love homosexuals, we love all people. But it doesn't mean that you have to support, embrace, encourage particular lifestyles that you believe are harmful to the individuals and harmful to the society in general. So it is amazing that in the name of liberality, in the name of being tolerant, this fascist intolerance has arisen," he said.
Gohmert likened the situation to "going back to the days of the Nazi takeover in Europe. First they would call people haters and evil and build up disdain for those people who held those opinions or religious views or religious heritage.”
Gohmert also lamented the "rise of fascism in American universities" and said, "Those who are the most hate filled who do not follow the teachings of Jesus seek to impose or project ... their own hate, their own intolerance.” | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '35', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9483038187026978}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '56874', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:PGQ4QWPG2AWBP5U6SSX65OHGWOP6PPPW', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:06fa4914-1400-496a-b46d-7bd5d2971a10>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 2, 27, 9, 8, 10), 'WARC-IP-Address': '52.20.253.28', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:XGUET3A2JWXGI47VPWEHHFO36QLVRCAZ', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:9f12035f-1198-4cb5-b925-96651d194340>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.rollcall.com/news/hoh/louie-gohmert-goes-there-with-nazi-comparison-video', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:eadb474c-071a-4932-b833-08286d853a68>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '187', 'url': 'http://www.rollcall.com/news/hoh/louie-gohmert-goes-there-with-nazi-comparison-video', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-171-10-108.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-09\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for February 2017\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.06631797552108765', 'original_id': 'ab42d1c9b50b95558e4767793557dec6ae2a5617972e84cec9dd03748f37e751'} |
Police Find Marijuana in Cars Made in Mexico
Doak said it was there that investigators located and seized an additional five packages of marijuana from the trunks of new Ford Fusions. A Ford dealership in Youngstown found the marijuana motherlode in its new Fusions between July 7 and 11.
The weed was discovered not by border agents, not by the shipping company that brought them into the country, not by Ford, but by a dealership in Youngstown, Ohio, where the cars had been delivered.
Pot was packed into half-circle shapes that fit nicely into the car's spare wheel well, with each wheel weighing 14.5 kilos, or just shy of 32 pounds. In total, marijuana was found in 15 cars in four counties in Ohio, Balzano said, and a couple even surfaced in Pennsylvania.
"Since the vehicles came from Mexico, they believed someone in Mexico placed the marijuana in those vehicles", the St. Paul police officer wrote. I guess this explains why they're getting smuggled into Fusions of all things.
More news: China growth steady despite crackdown on financial risks
Investigators also determined 15 new Ford Fusions on a rail vehicle had their spare tires removed and were replaced with compressed packages of marijuana resembling a tire, the release says. "We are working with the FBI and Customs on an extensive investigation". As far as we know, most were sold without this special "option".
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Role of DNA methylation and methyl-DNA binding proteins in the repression of 5-lipoxygenase promoter activity.
Human 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) is the key enzyme in the formation of inflammatory leukotrienes. 5-LO gene expression is mainly restricted to B cells and cells of myeloid origin. It is known that basal 5-lipoxygenase promoter activity is regulated by DNA methylation. In this study we investigated the impact of the DNA methylation status of the 5-LO promoter on its activity and the role of methyl DNA binding proteins (MBDs) in transcriptional silencing of the 5-LO promoter. Using ChIP assays, we found that the methyl-DNA binding proteins MBD1, MBD2 and MeCP2 bind to the methylated 5-LO core promoter in U937 cells. Knock down of each of the MBDs upregulates 5-LO mRNA expression in U937 cells indicating that these proteins are involved in silencing of the 5-LO gene. In reporter gene assays with in vitro methylated 5-LO promoter constructs, the extent of 5-LO promoter methylation inversely correlated with its activity. Furthermore, we found that MBD1 overexpression repressed 5-LO promoter activity when the CpG sites at the Sp1 binding site close to the transcriptional start site (GC4) were methylated. Gel shift data indicate that recruitment of Sp1 to this binding site is prevented by methylation. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '746de8fd83c7a8b74b2c9cca373cff69e5bd7509b256b2e5bec00be53de3cc84'} |
Staff Directory
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How do I get a souvenir or sample licence plate from Nunavut?
You can buy a Nunavut souvenir (sample) licence plate for $5.25 (shipping not included) at a Motor Vehicles Division issuing office in the following communities:
Rankin Inlet
Cambridge Bay
Gjoa Haven
You can reach these offices by dialing the toll-free number 1-888-975-5999. In all other communities, you may be able to purchase a souvenir licence plate at the office of the local Municipal Liaison Office (MLO) or Government Liaison Office (GLO).
Nunavut souvenir (sample) licence plates are also available at the local Northern/North Mart store, Co-op store and other convenience stores. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '20', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8221884369850159}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '36662', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:7IT7WUPD2WUTEZ47SA7H2RMJL2K4WIVK', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:f8845595-e835-4c10-95a6-f5a6f80437f0>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 10, 16, 23, 57, 34), 'WARC-IP-Address': '162.243.119.16', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:X4ODXAXVMZNYBMKWB2B7C4UT22AR7RZA', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:2f00093c-7a00-4145-9330-b2583ce45cfb>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.gov.nu.ca/edt/faq/how-do-i-get-souvenir-or-sample-licence-plate-nunavut', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:c2dc58c9-b951-4a26-afa0-5741ca804c77>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '116', 'url': 'https://www.gov.nu.ca/edt/faq/how-do-i-get-souvenir-or-sample-licence-plate-nunavut', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-43\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for October 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-51-147-142.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.5326313376426697', 'original_id': '2b9ee067d99dffe463115fc2087f6e939ec203251ecd10f7e6d6f4feec35edc2'} |
Use a Microsoft account in a chrome extension?
I'm making a chrome extension that needs to work with outlook to do things such as read and forward emails.
Is there any way to easily log in to Microsoft through chrome extensions so that I can call the APIs?
I've tried a few things, like a separate website to log in, but it seems far too complex for what I'm trying to do.
Thanks!
Yes, it is possible. You need to create an Azure app. There is a guide online. Try and make the calling script first, then implement it. Since it needs a redirect uri you may need to investigate how Chrome identity works.
| common_corpus | {'identifier': 'https://stackoverflow.com/questions/69021550', 'collection': 'StackExchange', 'open_type': 'Open Web', 'license': 'CC-By-SA', 'date': '2021.0', 'title': 'Stack Exchange', 'creator': 'Joe Moore, https://stackoverflow.com/users/13100938', 'language': 'English', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '114', 'token_count': '145', '__index_level_0__': '17737', 'original_id': '9ee29f7772e1e20d7154fb84e3e62fd8d960e7f4bb81ff6975ffedec184469bd'} |
RULING ON DEFENDANT'S MOTION TO STRIKE PLAINTIFF'S REQUEST FOR TRIAL BY JURY
ROBERT L. KRECHEVSKY, Chief Judge.
I.
The question presented is whether a bankruptcy trustee has a right to a jury trial in an adversary proceeding he commenced in state court to recover monetary damages for torts and contract violations allegedly committed by the defendant post-petition. The issue has been raised by way of the defendant's motion to strike the trustee's request for trial by jury.
II.
The debtor in this case, O'Sullivan's Fuel Oil Co., Inc., filed a chapter 11 petition on January 18, 1984. The case was converted to one under chapter 7 on July 30, 1986, and the plaintiff, Thomas M. Germain, became trustee of the debtor's estate. On or about June 1, 1987, the trustee brought suit against Connecticut National Bank (CNB) in the Connecticut Superior Court claiming that CNB is liable to the estate for willful interference with the debtor's business (count 1), collusion and duress (count 2), fraudulent misrepresentation (count 3), violation of the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (count 4), breach of obligation to act in good faith (count 5), and violation of the Connecticut Unfair Trade Practices Act (count 6). The complaint alleged the following factual underpinnings to support a claim for money damages.
The debtor had been in the business of selling fuel oil to retail accounts. During 1981, the debtor borrowed $500,000.00 from First Bank, a bank with whom CNB merged in March 1984. First Bank received a mortgage lien on the debtor's fuel oil storage facility as security for the loan. Starting in November 1983, approximately two months prior to the filing of the debt- or's bankruptcy petition, First Bank undertook to exercise control of the debtor in order to serve First Bank's own interests. First Bank demanded that one James Tis-dale be placed in control of the debtor's business and recommended that the debtor file a chapter 11 petition utilizing a law firm selected by the bank. After the filing of the petition, First Bank or CNB required the debtor to replace its insurance agency; insisted that Tisdale and his brother, Charles Tisdale, remain in control of the debtor's business when the Tisdales had no competence to operate the business and wasted its assets; resisted shareholder efforts to oust the Tisdales by threatening to terminate financing and to force the business to close; encouraged the organization of a successor corporation by the Tisdales to take over the debtor's assets; and misused court-approved financing to satisfy its prepetition debt. These actions persisted until August 24, 1984, when the Tisdales relinquished control of the debtor.
CNB removed the trustee's action from the state court to the bankruptcy court on July 15, 1987. See 28 U.S.C. § 1452, Bankr.R. 9027. After CNB answered the complaint, the trustee timely filed his request for a jury trial.
On October 2, 1987, the trustee moved the district court to withdraw the reference of the adversary proceeding. The motion was based, in part, on the trustee's jury-trial claim. The district court, on February 17, 1988, issued a memorandum requesting the bankruptcy court to make a recommendation on the issue of whether the proceeding is a core proceeding. The significance of a determination, of whether a proceeding is a core proceeding is that the bankruptcy judge may enter final orders or judgments in a core proceeding. 28 U.S.C. § 157(b)(1) ("Bankruptcy judges may hear and determine all cases under title 11 and all core proceedings arising under title 11, or arising in a case under title_"). In proceedings that are non-core, the bankruptcy judge may only enter proposed findings of fact and conclusions of law to be submitted to the district court for entry of a final order or judgment. 28 U.S.C. § 157(c)(1). In a separate ruling, the district court, on CNB's motion, dismissed the trustee's RICO count.
The bankruptcy court, on June 30, 1988, submitted a report recommending that the proceeding is a core proceeding because it arose, for the most part, in a case under title 11. The district court adopted this recommendation and then denied the trustee's motion to withdraw the reference, without comment on the trustee's right to a jury trial. 88 B.R. 17.
CNB filed its motion to strike the trustee's jury demand on November 2, 1988, contending that the trustee has neither a statutory nor Seventh Amendment right to a jury trial in a core proceeding, and that the bankruptcy court has no authority to conduct a jury trial.
The trustee agreed with CNB that the bankruptcy court lacks authority to conduct a jury trial, but asserted his right to a jury trial under the Seventh Amendment, despite the core designation, relying primarily on the Supreme Court's analysis and commentary in Granfinanciera v. Nordberg, 492 U.S. -, 109 S.Ct. 2782, 106 L.Ed.2d 26 (1989).
III.
A.
Granfinanciera holds that a creditor, who has not filed a proof of claim, has a right to a jury trial in a lawsuit brought by a bankruptcy trustee to recover funds allegedly transferred fraudulently. The Supreme Court, finding that at common law a fraudulent conveyance action entitled the parties to a jury trial, ruled that Congress, in designating fraudulent conveyance actions as core proceedings, could not affect a defendant's right under the Seventh Amendment to a jury trial. For like reasons, the Court added, neither could Congress deny a party's right to have such actions heard and determined by an Article III tribunal.
The trustee contends that this court's previous designation of his proceeding as core under Granfinanciera decides nothing insofar as his right to a jury trial is concerned. He argues that under the Seventh Amendment analysis rearticulated in Granfinanciera he has a clear right to a jury trial and that the exception for suits involving "public rights" is not applicable.
CNB distinguishes Granfinanciera in that CNB filed a proof of claim in this case thereby barring CNB from asking for a jury trial. CNB contends that a trustee who succeeds a debtor who has filed a voluntary petition in the bankruptcy court cannot be entitled to greater jury-trial rights than a creditor who files a proof of claim. CNB's Supplemental Memorandum at 10-11. In effect, CNB's argument is that a chapter 7 trustee of an estate commenced by a voluntary petition never has a right to a jury trial even if the trustee did not invoke the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court when he commenced his action. CNB further asserts that the trustee's action necessarily implicates "the bankruptcy process itself," because the complained of actions occurred in the bankruptcy court, thereby bringing into play the public rights exception. Id. at 12-19.
B.
Granfinanciera makes applicable to the bankruptcy court the Supreme Court's familiar two-part test to determine a party's Seventh Amendment right to a jury trial and then adds a third element. Under this analysis, the initial step is to find whether a party's cause of action is one that could be tried before a court of law and, therefore, to a jury in England in 1791, and next, to determine whether the remedy sought is legal in nature. If it is concluded that both aspects of this test are met, the final step is to decide whether "Congress may assign and has assigned resolution of the relevant claim to a non-Article III adjudicative body that does not use a jury as factfinder." Granfinanciera, 492 U.S. at -, 109 S.Ct. at 2790 (footnote omitted). In this aspect of the analysis, if the claim asserts a "public right," Congress may deny the parties a jury trial without violating the Seventh Amendment. If the rights involved are "private" in nature, the Seventh Amendment protects the litigants' right to a jury trial. "Private rights" are defined "as the liability of one individual to another under the law as defined." Id. at-, fn. 8, 109 S.Ct. at 2795, fn. 8. (citations omitted). "Public rights" are "statutory rights that are integral parts of a public regulatory scheme and whose adjudication Congress has assigned to an administration agency or specialized court of equity." Id. at-, fn. 10, 109 S.Ct. at 2797, fn. 10.
C.
Under the foregoing reading of Granfi-nanciera, I conclude the trustee is entitled to have the estate's cause of action tried to a jury. His complaint, bottomed on allegations of tort and contract violation, seeks money damages and presents a legal claim triable before a jury. The trustee's suit is not based on any congressionally-created right that is "an integral part of a public regulatory scheme." "Wholly private tort, contract and property cases . are not at all implicated [by the public rights doctrine]." Id. at -, 109 S.Ct. at 2795. Undoubtedly, requests for a jury trial by a bankruptcy trustee will be rare, but there is no hint in Granfinanciera that a bankruptcy trustee, per se, is ineligible to seek a trial by jury where he did not voluntarily submit the estate's claim to the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court for resolution. "[S]tate-law contract claims brought by a bankrupt corporation to augment the bankruptcy estate . [are] matters of private rather than public rights." Id. at-, 109 S.Ct. at 2798.
In short, I perceive no logical basis for denying a plaintiff bankruptcy trustee the same right to claim a jury trial otherwise available to a defendant in the litigation.
IV.
Both parties agree that the bankruptcy court has no authority to conduct a jury trial so that that issue, expressly left undecided by Granfinanciera, is not before me for a ruling.
V.
For the reasons stated, CNB's motion to strike the jury claim is denied. The parties are directed to take appropriate steps to remove the proceeding from the bankruptcy court.
. The Seventh Amendment provides:
In suits at common law where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise reexamined in any court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.
. 28 U.S.C. § 157(b)(2) lists matters which are core proceedings and includes:
(H) proceedings to determine, avoid, or recover fraudulent conveyances.
. The Granfinanciera ruling has significantly undercut the court's prior recommendation that the present proceeding is core.
. See Part III B infra..
| common_corpus | {'identifier': '6486214_1', 'collection': 'Caselaw Access Project', 'open_type': 'Open Government', 'license': 'Public Domain', 'date': '1989.0', 'title': 'None', 'creator': 'None', 'language': 'English', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '1720', 'token_count': '2280', '__index_level_0__': '10758', 'original_id': 'a652b1e1d1ff4df01c7a11e42f694305f499f917c4b3268a4338547dfe120597'} |
Innocence of Muslims, the production that spurred all the outrage, has been rightly dismissed as contemptible trash. What, though, of a website such as “Guardians of the Faith”, run by Salafist extremists in Cairo? Among many posts, it has carried an article entitled “Why Muslims are superior to Copts”. “Being a Muslim girl whose role models are the wives of the Prophet, who were required to wear the hijab, is better than being a Christian girl, whose role models are whores,” it declares. “Being a Muslim who fights to defend his honour and his faith is better than being a Christian who steals, rapes, and kills children.” Hateful messages breed hateful acts. Is it any surprise that mobs have set fire to one church after another across Egypt in recent years? | mini_pile | {'original_id': '27c8fd50081e807d1c691b4c8d9a1b2b00b9d740c8c3b3f89a0b19e863d677cd'} |
Sark Silver Mines and sea kayaking
Sark, the smallest state in the Commonwealth and one of the last societies, which retained some aspects of feudalism, is a stunning destination for the sea kayaker. There are numerous sites of historical interest with the south west coast of Little Sark showing evidence of 19th century ill-fated silver mines. Cornish miners came to the island, virtually doubling Sark’s population, in this area. Four deep shafts were sunk at Port Gorey and one extended 100 metres out under the sea. It was said in violent storms the miners could hear boulders on the seabed rolling about above their heads.
There are a number of myths surrounding the mines including the story that a ship with £12,000 worth of sliver ore was wrecked off the north east coast of Guernsey. There is no evidence of this actually occurring. What is clear though that by the time the mines closed in 1847, having only opened in 1833, numerous people including the Seigneur of Sark had lost considerable sums of money.
The evidence of the industrial past is clearly visible as you paddle along the south west coast of the island and on days with little or no swell Port Gorey is a great place to stop for a swim as well experiencing the industrial archaeology of a short lived mining enterprise.
Chris paddling south close to the mines.
Looking west from near the silver mines. Guernsey is the island in the distance.
The first ruins that you come across when visiting the silver mines on foot.
The water off Sark always appears to have superb clarity.
Port Gorey on a particularly calm August morning.
The silver mines viewed from offshore
A late afternoon paddle around the Island with members of Tower Hamlets Canoe Club, including passing the area of the silver mines. No time to stop and explore though that afternoon.
The entrance to the Port Gorey smelter
Looking up the inside of the smelter. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9528310894966124}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '50998', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:MTW5CX5A7OC27LF7SGV5PTY2TX7FTRX3', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:9e64bd07-30d6-4968-8883-3480e5be3700>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 1, 17, 14, 37, 30), 'WARC-IP-Address': '217.160.0.156', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:FMR5YQD6GB4PI2JKME7YBLWG54EHVV7C', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:d4fd74ec-ddeb-4fb5-98b5-06e7d8c40bbc>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://seapaddler.co.uk/sark-silver-mines-and-sea-kayaking', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:da9495cc-6c50-4a35-859f-8e1cbd707a01>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '328', 'url': 'http://seapaddler.co.uk/sark-silver-mines-and-sea-kayaking', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-05\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for January 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-103.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.02975904941558838', 'original_id': '7a9abb2cf82fc790d7adc02f76c8750573705714237570e6c6f3820a037d69c3'} |
Known forms of switched optical communication systems incorporate fiberoptics as a medium for communicating messages carried by modulated beams of radiant energy. Such messages at times need to be switched between optical fibers. One known form of optical switch is a crossbar switch.
Known optomechanical crossbar switches use moving mirrors to create connections between inputs and outputs. Various mechanisms can be used to switch or move the mirrors or otherwise to cause them to be actuated and to be in a state to create a connection.
FIG. 1 illustrates a known optical crossbar switch module 10 having four inputs and four outputs. Such switch modules receive a plurality of modulated light beams to be switched at input ports such as ports 12-1, 12-2, 12-3, 12-4 . . . 12-N. Switched light beams exit module 10 at output ports 14-1, 14-2, . . . 14-N.
The rectangles inside module 10 represent mirrors. The gray rectangle 16 is a fixed mirror. The dashed rectangles 20a-20k are non-actuated mirrors. Nonactuated mirrors permit beams to pass without substantial deflection. The black rectangles 22a-22d are actuated mirrors. Actuated mirrors substantially deflect incident beams.
In the example of FIG. 1, input ports 12-1, 12-2, 12-3, and 12-4 are coupled to output ports 14-2, 14-3, 14-4, and 14-1, respectively. Actuating the appropriate correct set of mirrors enables the switch to make all connection permutations.
Lenses, such as lens 18a, at the inputs and outputs of switch module 10 keep the light beams collimated while traversing the free space inside the optical switch. Fibers provide inputs to and transmit outputs from the switch 10 and they are precisely aligned to the collimating lenses. The number of switchable mirrors required in this architecture is N2−1. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'e19305dcae3d4ba1689907e4d7f188f2b0fa11d38deb45b38bcb7128999aa32a'} |
Wednesday, June 1, 2011
Hackers Against The World - The Pentagon Decides They Deserve A Caning
According to a WSJ piece, the Pentagon has decided that cyberattacks can be construed as acts of war to be dealt with by more...traditional methods.
The only minor problem there is how to ascertain the source of attacks in this world of proxies and botnets of zombie computers. So prior to the application of force, proportionate or not, we should really be sure about the emanation of the source, and then suspect that as well. It's a lot easier to cover up or fake digital tracks as opposed to a paper trail or a path laced with bread crumbs. Cyber sleuths clearly have their work cut out for them. But it makes me wonder how you prove something where there's no physical smoking gun.
So let's say we establish the "source" of the attack. What's the metric for a proportionate response? Is it a biblical eye for a eye, when the damages can be hard to quantify? Do we go ahead and nuke a country because a disgruntled teen in some lonely basement, spurned by the female kind, decided to take their angst out on a power grid in Tacoma or give a makeover to the PBS website. Or maybe the mere threat of being wiped out of existence has spurned some countries to deny their upset youth access to the World Wide WEB. Maybe we should laud Iran and encourage other countries to cut off their youth, especially as cyberattackers are invariably men, from the global Internet.
There is definitely more work to be done on establishing the rules of engagement, and hopefully conferences like the Cybersecurity Summit will help address that and define the terms better. The Pentagon has at least brought to attention that cyberattacks are no longer just a prank and can have serious ramifications for countries' state secrets and infrastructure.
1. Virtua data room has an in-built file encryption system that prevents data getting leaked while being transferred. Besides all this, the VDR will even scan your files and documents for viruses.
virtual data rooms comparison
2. A debt of gratitude is in order for the significant data and experiences you have so given here... How to recover my bitcoin passphrase | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '11', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.950961709022522}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '55333', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:DCGZO75KPNINCLRCNZPOPEJL2QL3LWW5', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:e7e8e4f4-5d0f-433c-9f9c-776ffa5d6366>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2022, 9, 30, 8, 56, 45), 'WARC-IP-Address': '142.250.81.211', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:HKVHBXSEMBK6XV3OM4A6ANXWYPZL4VAC', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:56555b11-bb3a-418c-9369-7b5a3b4288b8>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://blog.solidpass.com/2011/06/hackers-against-world-pentagon-decides.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:93ae36c8-f9c0-4eed-877a-46b59e552ada>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '384', 'url': 'http://blog.solidpass.com/2011/06/hackers-against-world-pentagon-decides.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2022-40\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September/October 2022\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-88\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.19 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.4-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.22360444068908691', 'original_id': '26525725d84ad690ae4b2ef1e802612d1f71a7026fa871f24fb1a181b1343fb1'} |
As a UroGPO member, you will become part of an unprecedented urology community that offers value to all parties. UroGPO offers the opportunity for Urologists and their leadership teams to have an increased voice in the urology community by coming together to share best practices and address challenges in a unified front.
As a UroGPO preferred industry partner, companies and organizations will realize the advantages of being able to address a significant majority of the private urology community in unison, by developing and delivering programs that increase value to their customers while getting their product or service into the hands of the people who need them most. This partnership is the single most efficient way for an organization to communicate their initiatives and address the top levels of urology practice leaders. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9614199995994568}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '28935', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:LPJJTEU445FMIQFTCG7BYWU7OOIUD22D', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:171c4cd3-a88c-4693-802b-dc9258416a4d>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 9, 19, 16, 52, 36), 'WARC-IP-Address': '207.54.129.161', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:PNSUBJGOJIIZUONNQNWQXBBSFWJ7D7QA', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:670441b0-6284-4c12-a93b-4bf1c990bd2c>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://urogpo.us.com/why-urogpo/benefits/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:9b57fa1e-b648-42ef-b87f-1085045e98d9>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '132', 'url': 'http://urogpo.us.com/why-urogpo/benefits/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-150-123-222.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-39\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.03153586387634277', 'original_id': '6e9eaab4e9ac640726e9661f7780679ed039dfd6f9730c47dc44fa5a74d00811'} |
package com.rx.mvp.cn.core.net.http;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.google.gson.JsonElement;
import com.r.http.cn.callback.UploadCallback;
import com.rx.mvp.cn.model.Response;
import java.io.File;
/**
* 根据业务进一步封装
*
* @author ZhongDaFeng
*/
public abstract class RUploadCallback<T> extends UploadCallback<T> {
private Response response;
@Override
public T onConvert(String data) {
/**
* 接口响应数据格式如@Response
* 将result转化给success
* 这里处理通过错误
*/
T t = null;
response = new Gson().fromJson(data, Response.class);
int code = response.getCode();
String msg = response.getMsg();
switch (code) {
case 101://token过期，跳转登录页面重新登录(示例)
break;
case 102://系统公告(示例)
break;
default:
if (response.isSuccess()) {//与服务器约定成功逻辑
t = convert(response.getResult());
} else {//统一为错误处理
onError(code, msg);
}
break;
}
return t;
}
/**
* 数据转换/解析
*
* @param data
* @return
*/
public abstract T convert(JsonElement data);
/**
* 上传回调
*
* @param file
* @param currentSize
* @param totalSize
* @param progress
* @param currentIndex
* @param totalFile
*/
public abstract void onProgress(File file, long currentSize, long totalSize, float progress, int currentIndex, int totalFile);
/**
* 成功回调
*
* @param value
*/
public abstract void onSuccess(T value);
/**
* 失败回调
*
* @param code
* @param desc
*/
public abstract void onError(int code, String desc);
/**
* 取消回调
*/
public abstract void onCancel();
/**
* 业务逻辑是否成功
*
* @return
*/
@Override
public boolean isBusinessOk() {
return response.isSuccess();
}
}
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '7e12a7b880944817466ac23b63aa60272ea7c67ee4149008a83bb099ad8a17a7'} |
<?php
namespace Storeman\Test\Operation;
use Storeman\FilesystemUtility;
use Storeman\Operation\TouchOperation;
use Storeman\Test\TemporaryPathGeneratorProviderTrait;
class TouchOperationTest extends AbstractOperationTest
{
use TemporaryPathGeneratorProviderTrait;
public function testExecution()
{
$tempFile = $this->getTemporaryPathGenerator()->getTemporaryFile();
$mtime = 4231.1234;
$this->assertNotEquals($mtime, FilesystemUtility::lstat($tempFile)['mtime']);
$operation = new TouchOperation(basename($tempFile), $mtime);
$operation->execute(dirname($tempFile) . '/', $this->getFileReaderMock(), $this->getVaultLayoutMock());
$this->assertEquals($mtime, FilesystemUtility::lstat($tempFile)['mtime']);
}
}
| common_corpus | {'identifier': 'https://github.com/arnegroskurth/archivr/blob/master/tests/Operation/TouchOperationTest.php', 'collection': 'Github Open Source', 'open_type': 'Open Source', 'license': 'MIT', 'date': '2018.0', 'title': 'archivr', 'creator': 'arnegroskurth', 'language': 'PHP', 'language_type': 'Code', 'word_count': '42', 'token_count': '227', '__index_level_0__': '2574', 'original_id': '06ca66b1877533cb3ab264e3a4af5615e0fcb3a749b6072ed40b4e10ec785c6f'} |
My cat started biting me a week AFTER getting neutered! Please Help
Purred: Thu Jul 1, '10 12:38pm PST
My 8 month old male cat was neutered about 3 weeks ago, and 2 weeks ago he started to get more "feisty" and bitey. He stares at my hand like it's a predator and "attacks" it. It could be playful, but it hurts and it's ANNOYING. I've tried diciplining him by putting him in another room for 5 minutes WHILE he is in the process of biting me, but that doesn't seem to help at all. Right after he gets out of his "time out" he'll lunge for my leg or for my hand if I'm bent over.
When he was about 3-4 months old he was a little violent too, but then at 5 months he calmed down dramatically. We got him neutered at 8 months and out of nowhere he's been acting out.
Please don't write something silly like he's "angry" at us for cutting off his balls. This is getting serious.
If this matters, he's a purebred Siberian.
Edited by author Thu Jul 1, '10 12:40pm PST
Tiny Creature
Purred: Fri Jul 2, '10 12:21am PST
I'm sure you have tried this, but just in case - instead of diciplining him, have you tried just ignoring him when he attacks? Just remove your hand, walk away, etc? Pay him NO attention. the other thing that worked for Benjamin (a big biter) was positive praise. If he went to a toy instead, I would praise him. if he stopped the bad behavior, i would praise him. Now, when he does something he shouldn't, I tell him 'NO', and the second he disengages whatever the behavior is, I heap praise on him. Might be worth a shot?
Pete- Fountain
So happy to have- a safe and- loving home!
Purred: Fri Jul 2, '10 7:27am PST
We agree with Benjamin. Walk away and ignore him and he will get the message that this is not acceptable.
And we agree, he is not "angry" at you for having him neutered. The biting is just a kitten method of play, it is just that we don't have fur to cushion a bite.
Good Luck
The New Orleans Kitties
P.S. Beck is one cute kitten!!!
Purred: Fri Jul 2, '10 9:41am PST
Thanks for the advice, I'll try ignoring and praising right away. I hope that helps! He really calmed down a few months ago and was purrfect, but then after he got neutered he seems to be more feisty.
btw any reason he's feistier *after* being neutered? Or is it just some strange coincidence?
Emma Barrett
It\'s good to be- the Queen
Purred: Fri Jul 2, '10 11:06am PST
It may just be "kitty friskies". That is why when I was ready to adopt more cats after loosing four in Hurrincane Katrina, the first ones I adopted were a brother and sisters (Emma and Louis). They kept each other companyw when I was at work, and played with each other all the time. Any chance of adding another kitten to your family??
The New Orleans Kitties
Attila the- Hun
Mommy? Mommy!- MOMMY!!
Purred: Sat Jul 3, '10 6:01pm PST
Eight months old sounds like typical "kitten is about to become a puma" stage...so I wouldn't be the least bit surprised if that was it! Don't discipline...it's a kitten not a dog. They rule us! But getting a little companion is a good idea, or building a box castle filled with toys and lost of interactive holes works pretty good too.
On the flipside of things, I NEVER ONCE scratched or bit my Mommy when I was a kitten. But after I was altered at about a year old I no longer have any issues with getting very feisty and rough with Mommy's hands, and often draw blood. Granted, since my accident my claws don't retract all the way so sometimes I scratch on accident when I'm trying to get her attention, but on a daily basis I'll play really rough and Mom usually yells "OW" and has to go get hydrogen peroxide. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '61', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9705593585968018}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '77315', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:VK3UV2M7AWV3NYEBNLEVHAN3U4CQEUWH', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:1038d0bd-c4b7-4c91-8b48-07239ddfcf4b>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 12, 22, 23, 43, 1), 'WARC-IP-Address': '54.201.222.195', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:6NUR6TI36LLMX6HXWIOTAGJMAP2N5IUT', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:61408224-e97e-44f6-892c-859095d72969>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.catster.com/forums/thread_url.php?thread_id=678719', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:9eef5e07-1aa5-40bf-9981-4341ab7d5659>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '737', 'url': 'http://www.catster.com/forums/thread_url.php?thread_id=678719', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-231-17-201.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-52\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for December 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.07646352052688599', 'original_id': '4e257eff39cd41bb46ec044cfaf2895300e707a8d9d1197a5013da4479d3ece8'} |
Adaptation to the Speed of Biological Motion in Autism.
Autistic individuals often present atypicalities in adaptation-the continuous recalibration of perceptual systems driven by recent sensory experiences. Here, we examined such atypicalities in human biological motion. We used a dual-task paradigm, including a running-speed discrimination task ('comparing the speed of two running silhouettes') and a change-detection task ('detecting fixation-point shrinkages') assessing attention. We tested 19 school-age autistic and 19 age- and ability-matched typical participants, also recording eye-movements. The two groups presented comparable speed-discrimination abilities and, unexpectedly, comparable adaptation. Accuracy in the change-detection task and the scatter of eye-fixations around the fixation point were also similar across groups. Yet, the scatter of fixations reliably predicted the magnitude of adaptation, demonstrating the importance of controlling for attention in adaptation studies. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'aea31b73ab9d7f328e1b48e53b655bf60407668342e58e5c2c720f578c68fba9'} |
Part 3: Time Signatures Explained, Writing Songs in 12/8
Part 3 Time Signatures Explained, Writing Songs in 12-8
In this Part 3 of our “Time Signatures Explained” series, we explore the incredible time signature of 12/8—how it works, who has used it, and how you can write songs in it.
We’re assuming you're already familiar with the basics of time signatures, including reading, writing them, and creatively using them in your songs. If you feel like you need a refresher on the topic, head on over to Part 1 of our series to brush up on the basics, and Part 2 to learn all you need to know about writing songs in 3/4.
What is 12/8 time?
12/8 is one of the more interesting time signatures that you will find used in pop music. So what exactly is it? With each measure consisting of twelve eighth notes, at first sight, 12/8 may look a little scary, but let's take a closer look and see why you'd want to notate things this way.
As you remember from Part 1, the reason 4/4 has become the most popular time signature is its steadiness and stability. It can provide us with a very balanced pulse. The second most popular time signature is 3/4. This one, also called waltz-time, has a nice flow to it that breaks the rigidness of 4/4, replacing it with three beats in each measure, which helps make things more fluid. But what if you could have the best of both worlds? A steady 4/4 pulse with a 3/4 feel embedded inside? You can!
Time Signatures 12-8 - straight vs triplet
What I love about 12/8 is that it's a little bit like a musical version of Inception. It's 4/4 time with a 3/4 hidden inside of each beat. The incredible thing about that is that it gives you a brilliant hybrid of the waltz quality of 3/4 and the steadiness of 4/4.
In regular 4/4 time, every measure consists of 4 beats that are equally divisible. So each bar consists of four quarter notes, or eight eighth notes, or sixteen sixteenth notes, and so on. So where does the number 12 come into play? Well, what if instead of having each beat divided into two straight 8th notes you had each beat subdivided into three sub-beats? Meaning that each quarter note beat consisted of a group of three eighth notes (also called an eighth note triplet). With 4 beats and 3 sub-beats in each (4x3), you get a total of 12 sub-pulses. This is the basis of what we call 12/8.
Time Signatures 12-8 - 4-4 vs 12-8
You may be wondering: If the sub-beats are triplets but the main pulse is still a steady 4/4, can't we notate it as 4/4 with triplets everywhere? Of course, you can. And some people do. However, sometimes writing out such a huge amount of triplets becomes visually messy. This is why 12/8 notation was born.
12/8 allows you to instead write out 12 straight eighth notes without losing anything from the groove, as 12/8 automatically implies that the eighth notes are grouped in sets of threes. See the above comparison of the same melody notate in 4/4 vs 12/8. As you can see, 12/8 makes notation easier to write and read as you don't have to write everything in triplets.
Who has written songs in 12/8?
Many artists have performed songs in this time signature. It's one that sounds incredible on ballads, but also can be the basis for some awesome grooves in mid- and up-tempo songs. The easiest way to recognize 12/8 is if the main pulse is a nice steady 1-2-3-4, but the sub-pulse of each beat consists of a 1-2-3.
Here are some songs that were written in 12/8:
Michael Jackson - “The Way You Make Me Feel
R.E.M. - “Everybody Hurts
Gwen Stefani - “The Sweet Escape” ft. Akon
Rihanna - “Love on the Brain
Ed Sheeran - “Perfect
Whitney Houston - “I Have Nothing
Whitney Houston - “Saving All My Love for You
Sam Smith - “One Last Song
Backstreet Boys - “I’ll Never Break Your Heart
Alicia Keys - "Fallin'”
The Beatles - “Norwegian Wood
Toto - "Hold The Line
Tears For Fears - “Everybody Wants To Rule The World
James Brown - “It’s a Man’s World
Etta James - “At Last
Charlie Puth - “Dangerously
How to write a song in 12/8
All you need to do is make sure that you're giving yourself a nice steady pulse that follows the rhythm you're going for. If you're using Spire Studio, head over to the Tempo tab and set the metronome to 4/4 time. You'll just have to remember that each one of those "clicks" should consist of 3 sub-beats rather than two. Turning on the "click" will allow you to stay within the parameters of the time signature and will help you write a song in that meter.
If you're using a DAW on your computer, you should be able to set the meter to 12/8. Alternately some programs may allow you to configure your song as being 4/4 with a triplet sub-pulse. This will help you tremendously in feeling each one of the beats.
Once you're set up with the metronome, start writing. This shouldn't differ in any way from how you write your songs. Just remember to always make sure your song takes us on a journey.
12/8 is a fantastic time signature. It gives you the best of both worlds. Thousands of songs have been written in this meter, so it's time for you to try writing in it as well! It's a super useful tool to have in your songwriting toolbox. You'll be surprised how much it can change the groove of your song and make it flow differently. So if you've been suffering from "it all sounds the same" syndrome, take 12/8 for a spin and see what it can do for you.
Improve your songwriting with more tips and tricks: | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '49', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.946386456489563}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '312011', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:AXMD3FHBHQA6T3SKUQEBWUNAXIATLLM2', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:9f65be2d-42f0-4e3c-bf3b-0c0a8e742c2c>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 4, 22, 6, 8, 38), 'WARC-IP-Address': '107.23.238.41', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:VFWKD6KR2QA2RBS7CML6HV7OPHI5WWOU', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:0ba380e6-4690-4c50-860e-beb281f4b71a>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://updates.izotope.com/en/blog/songwriting/time-signatures-explained-part-3-writing-songs-in-12-8.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:cf1aee68-c94b-44a4-a957-9acb289492d5>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '963', 'url': 'https://updates.izotope.com/en/blog/songwriting/time-signatures-explained-part-3-writing-songs-in-12-8.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-18\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for April 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-144-201-71.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.040769338607788086', 'original_id': '60f7be1191d79c2c7986f62c8e2feee3678451d0ea718f525564f69dbef20367'} |
An advance 7-nanometer bitcoin mining chip set forth by Bitmain Technologies offers new dimensions of energy efficiency. Established on the algorithm of SHA256, the new application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) is reported to give upgrades in execution, energy effectiveness and chip size for mining confirmation of work of cryptographic money, for example, Bitcoin cash and Bitcoin.
As indicated by an announcement, made utilizing a 7-nanometer FinFET process, which is from Bitmain chip provider known as Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Industry. This BM1397 will eat up less power than past Bitmain contributions, offering the energy utilization to a figurative proportion that is as moderate as 30J/TH.
Bitmain stated that this is a twenty-eight point six percent (28.6%) enhancement in power productivity in correlation with their past 7-nanometer chip-BM1391. To accomplish this, Bitmain’s team of engineers has completely redone the design of the chip to enhance its framework, financial aspects, and circuit.
The new application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) will include new Antminer mining gadgets which are the T17 and S17. This report comes not long after the mining colossal uncovered its latest Antminers, which are the T15 and S15. Both of them are powered by BM1391 (application-specific integrated circuit) ASIC.
Bitmain likewise propelled (application-specific integrated circuit) ASIC mineworkers for the Ethereum and Zcash cryptocurrency a year ago. The advancement gave rise to open-source development network of ethereum to agree conditionally in January, to execute another algorithm that would confine (application-specific integrated circuit) ASIC mining on the system, until further analysis of the preferred code namely ProgPoW.
ProgPoW was postponed not long ago, anyhow, for administering audits to measure the adequacy of the strategy. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'a61289654ccd773c22b05410ceb4a498cf631d4ea5d338e00f300e077e53241a'} |
My Hovercraft is Full of Eels
“Is the product done?” a certain manager asked during a product review meeting.
“It is done,” replied the engineer building the product.
“Are there any problems?”
“There are problems.”
“What is the problem?”
“It does not work.”
“Why doesn’t it work?”
“It is not done.”
I will spare you the transcription of the subsequent half hour of this not particularly funny comedy routine. The manager and the engineer managed to perform this little dance of talking past one another without ever seeming to realize just how ludicrous it sounded to everyone else in the room. It was rather like Monty Python’s classic Hungarian-English phrasebook sketch, in which translations in either direction are random. In other words, the Hungarian phrase, “I would like to buy a ticket,” might be translated to the English phrase, “My hovercraft is full of eels.”
It was extremely funny when Monty Python performed it. As for the manager and the engineer, well, perhaps they just didn’t have the comedic timing of Python’s John Cleese and Graham Chapman.
As it happens, “my hovercraft is full of eels” moments come about far too often. What was unusual in this situation is that it involved only two people. Usually, considerably more people take part. Thus, instead of a not particularly amusing exchange between two people, there is an extremely frustrating exchange involving several people. The most common failure to communicate is the game of telephone: as the message passes along the line, it becomes increasingly distorted.
What I hear from teams over and over is, “We are communicating! We send email to everyone.” This is where the hovercraft starts to fill with eels. Broadcasting is not really communicating: effective business communications require a certain amount of back and forth, questioning and explaining, before everyone is on the same page.
Who talks to whom? When you send out an email, do questions come back to you? Or do people on the team quietly ask one another to explain what you meant? While it’s comforting to believe that every missive we send out is so carefully crafted as to be completely unambiguous, very few of us write that well. Of that select few, even fewer can do it all the time. Particularly in the early stages of a project, if there are no questions, then there are certainly problems.
When someone else asks a question, either via email or in a meeting, does everyone wait for you to respond? Even worse, does Bob only jump into a thread if Fred jumps in first? Who is Bob responding to at that point, you or Fred? Are you still addressing the main topic or is the hovercraft starting to become eel infested?
It can be extremely frustrating to ask, “Are there any questions?” and receive either dead silence or questions about something trivial. It can easily become tempting to assume that there are no questions and just race full speed ahead. However, until employees figure out how much each person understands about the project and how you will respond to apparently dumb questions, they will be cautious about what they ask. Their curiosity is as much about one another and about you as it is about the project. How that curiosity gets satisfied determines whether you have productive conversations or a hovercraft that is full of eels. In the former case, you get strong employee engagement; in the latter case, you don’t.
If you’ve been working with a team for some months, or longer, and people are still not asking questions then there are really only two possibilities: either your team is composed of professional mind-readers or you are about to find a room full of those pesky eels. No project is ever perfectly defined from the beginning. Questions and debate should be ongoing throughout the development or production cycle. A lack of questions tells you that there is a lack of trust between the team members and between the team members and you. When trust is lacking, so is engagement.
Now some good news: remedying that lack of trust isn’t all that complicated. It does, however, require a certain amount of persistence and patience.
Start by highlighting each person’s role and contribution to the project. Why are they there? What makes them uniquely qualified to fill the role they are in? Be specific and detailed. If you can’t clearly define their roles, you can rest assured that they can’t either. Questions come when people are clear about their roles. Disengagement comes when people are not clear about their roles.
Prime the pump with questions. Demonstrate that you don’t have all the answers and that you need the help of the team to find them. Give each person a chance to play the expert while you ask the dumb questions. When you set the tone, the others will follow. Communications start with the person in charge.
Separate producing answers from evaluating answers. Collect up the possibilities and take a break before you start examining them and making decisions about them. Brainstorming without evaluating allows ideas to build upon one another and apparently unworkable ideas to spark other ideas. Pausing to examine each potential answer as it comes up kills that process.
Encourage different forms of brainstorming: some people are very analytical, some are intuitive, some generate ideas by cracking jokes, others pace, and so on. Choose a venue where people are comfortable and only step in if the creative juices start to run dry or tempers start to get short. In either case, that means you need to take a break. Intense discussions are fine, heated discussions not so much.
Initially, you will have to make all the decisions. That’s fine, but don’t get too comfortable with it. As trust and engagement build, the team will want to become more involved in the decision making process. Invite them in: that demonstration of trust will further build engagement and foster effective communications. Effective communications, in turn, builds trust and engagement.
Having a hovercraft full of eels isn’t the real problem. The real problem is what a hovercraft full of eels tells you about the trust, engagement, and communications in your company.
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Leave a Reply | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '69', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9597328305244446}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '78794', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:2G3B6GXZ557TUU67FETHSV5XHVVAKZY7', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:ea0bbfdb-cfc7-4dee-bd71-84bfe2d778d6>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2016, 7, 30, 5, 25, 8), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.25.99.26', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:CZRDXUUIZWNOKEMUCGM5YU7STME6ASYY', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:85736692-af2b-4d5b-ae8b-5bdb88f5ed34>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.corpmagazine.com/executives-entrepreneurs/expert-advice/my-hovercraft-is-full-of-eels/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:2e744c7d-b2d5-4dd0-b5e7-57f7e926fb3a>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '1110', 'url': 'http://www.corpmagazine.com/executives-entrepreneurs/expert-advice/my-hovercraft-is-full-of-eels/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-185-27-174.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2016-30\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for July 2016\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.03311872482299805', 'original_id': 'dc416218397d4a90da24463a452b6c864267411b80b75c577698af6c1e6d5806'} |
About Cory`s Money Maze
Cory, a high school boy, developed a new version of his own computer game! To help him you have to guide Cory`s piggy bank through the house and pick up all the money you find by following the money trail, and also, that`s how you get some points. For playing Cory`s Money Maze game you have to use the left, up, and right arrow keys on your keyboard to move through the maze. When you consider you managed to gain a lot of money, you can go back to the safe box and put it in the safe. Don`t forget to move fast and collect as many points as you can and bring to safety, because Mom, Dad or Raven are carefully walking through the house and might catch you and steal your money! You also have to pay attention to the remotes along your way because you can use them to set different traps for the three followers of which you must be aware. In case you set up traps, for each one you can win additional $5000. You can pass one level only when you have got enough money, but be careful! Just the money collected in the bank account will count! It`s important to keep in mind that you can use the saved money anytime you want. If you`re going to move faster, you can use the doors so the piggy bank can reach easier the different floors. When you want to move up or down the stairs, you have to press the left and the right button at the same time together with the up or down arrow, depending on where you want to go, upstairs or downstairs. When you want to deposit money into the safe box, you must press the up arrow. Go on, gain money and move faster so they can`t catch you!
You may also like these games | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9597980976104736}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '26515', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:U7M563FQOKQHCG4HAQ4FZBV7CWDBU5GD', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:96aeeedf-1f4f-4d10-a3b6-e5225fc99199>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 9, 23, 7, 1, 26), 'WARC-IP-Address': '66.23.232.250', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:YSV2T35CAO2XX5HNGCFVRH6DOMSPUPAB', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:078bbea4-8bfd-4f09-aebd-c2df746f45cb>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.disney--games.com/cory_s_money_maze_405.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:22cf0c84-314c-4a1b-8b9f-111f4fc7644e>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '319', 'url': 'http://www.disney--games.com/cory_s_money_maze_405.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-39\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-37-160-190.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.5204610824584961', 'original_id': 'af55c865db76aeeaf20779afa4850eb409f94e690f3f1623c87148dce31080e4'} |
Model SC-3008-DL Sequential Circulator
Model SC-3008-DL Sequential Circulator
• Dimensions: 4.5” x 11.75” x 7.5” / 11 cm x 30 cm x 20 cm (H x W x D)
• Weight: 5.9 lbs / 2,68 kg
• Pressure Range: 0-120mmHg
• 60 Second Cycle Time
• Warranty: 3 years
What Does it Do?
1. Reduces Pain
2. Relieves dynamic edema
3. Promotes Lymphatic flow by moving fluid in the proper physiological direction (distal to proximal)
4. Delivers continuous flow
5. Unilateral or Bilateral Operation
6. Provides Effective Prophylaxis for Venous Thrombosis
Helpful Links:
Supply Item: E0652
The SC-3008-DL gradient sequential compression device has been designed for the treatment of Lymphedema, Venous Insufficiency, and Wound Healing. The SC-3008-DL allows patients the freedom to use this device in the comfort of their own homes.
All patients have different needs so our custom developed technology measures and then delivers pressure to each and every chamber in the garment to give the best possible treatment. The SC-3008-DL lets the user program the pressure setting in any and all of the 8 chambers, always keeping greater pressure distal so as to avoid any reflux. Complete with a compliance meter to monitor patient use, the SC-3008-DL also has a countdown clock and a timer that shuts off the pump after one hour.
Model SC-3008-DL Sequential Circulator Garment
Use of this device is contraindicated for patients with the following condition:
1. Congestive heart failure
2. Deep Vein Thrombosis
3. Inflammatory phlebitis or episodes of pulmonary embolism
4. Infections in the limb, including cellulitis without appropriate antibiotic coverage
5. Presence of cancer unless for palliative care
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Le matin füivant il & plaignoit 430 DISSERTATION de douleurs dans les lombes ÿ dans l’aîne & vers le pénis , d’un engourdiffement dans les cuifles & de naufée , & ren doit très-peu d'urine, ou point du tout ; ce qui me fit foup çconner une néphrétique, & je me déterminai à le faigner ; mais voyant que le fang étoit fi chétif & fi ténu qu’il colo roit à peine moû doigt , Jar rêtai auflitôt l'écoulement ; & quoique je n'en eufle pas tiré trois onces , il tomboïit en dé faillance , fe fentoit très-affoi bli, & fes douleurs étoient aufr: violentes qu'auparavant. Enf truit des bons effets de FPeau de chaux, pour arrêter Îes dé voyemens & augmenter luri ne , j'y eus recours ; mais com| me on croit généralementqu’el-# SUR LA CHAUX VIVE. 43% le eff alcaline & propre à cor rompre les fubftances anima les, je la donnai avec précau tion, & en petites dofes. En conféquence, à midi je donnai une once d'eau de chaux, & quatre gouttes de laudanum li quide , après quoi les douleurs commencerent .à diminuer. Beux heures après j'ordonnai deux onces d’eau de chaux fans laudanum , & les douleurs di minuant encore , à quatre heu res après midi j'en donnai qua treonces. À cinq heures il ne reflentoit plus de douleur; à fix il s’endormit, & je le laiffai à huit heures, avec ordre de lui faire boire de leau de chaux quand il s’éveilleroit. Il en but deux livres pendant cette nuit: là, & urina beaucoup & aifé-; ment, 432 DIsSERTATION _ Le matin fuivant fa fievre étoit bien diminuée, fon appé tit un peu meilleur , & avant la nuit il fe crut en fi bon état, qu'il ne vouloit plus prendre cette boiffon aigre, comme il l'appelloit. Néanmoins trois jours après il retomba malade, eut les mêmes douleurs , ex cepté le dévoyement & les douleurs néphrétiques, & il de manda fa boïflon aïigre. Je lui en fis boire trois livres chaque jour. La fievre le quitta au bout de deux jours, & il fe trouva bien ; mais il continua de boire: chaque jour la même quantité pendant deux femaines, pour prévenir une feconde rechute. Vers le temps que mon ma lade eut une rechute, trois au tres perfonnes furent attaquées de SUR LA CHAUX PIVE, 433 de la même maniere, Comme les fymptomes étoient les mê mes , je fuivis la même mé thode, & le troifiéme jour après lufage de l'eau de chaux, la fievre le quitta, quoiqu’avant de commehcer à boire l’eau de chaux , lon eût eu la bu trois Jours, un autre cinq, le troifiéme huit ; jours. . Je fus enfuite appellé pour | un homme d'un moyen age ; attaqué de la même fievre. Il | étoit fi incommodé de vents, & d’ une ftrangurie ») qu il tom boit quelquefois en, défaillance. Après avoir nettoyé les Pre: migres Moies »,, je . Jui, donnai l'eau, de chaux. 1&. un demi grain d'opium. Il aa un peu | après, ce remede ; . &. buvant | prefque à une Huiéàa a Le 434 . DISSERTATION il utina abondamment, & tom: ba dans un bon fommeil. Trois jours après l'ufage de l’eau de chaux, fon urine dépofa un fé éinient. 1 J1 continua d'en boire rois livres pat jour pendant quatorze jours. J'eus en tour dix-neuf malades atraqués de cette fievre. J'en trairai dix huit de la même maniere , & ils furent tous guéris en trois ou ‘quatré jouts” après lufage de l'eau de chaux ; ; Mais une fémme que je fc pus réfoudre à en boite ‘mourut comateufe te vingr“deusidne Jour de là maladie, ur is Te pris bélucoüp de péing à fecucillir Phiftoire de cette maladie , ‘de Ceux quin'avoient | pris. ‘aucün : :remede , & Je trouvai que des fx où feptipres SUR LA CHAUX VIVE. 435$ imiers jours après avoir été obli gés de garder le lit, la fievre étoir aflez aiguë, la peau feche, la foif confidérable, la langue cou verte d’aphtes , le ventre ordi nairement conftipé, & l'urine haute en couleur. Enfüite ils commencerent à fuer, fans re cevoir le moindre Dole mont, & la fievre devint foible a compagnée d'affoupiffement. Entre le quatorze & le dix huitième jour, ils:avoient fou vent le délire , & peut-être en fuite un coma les emporta; où le délire devenant moins fort, la fievre les quitta entre le vingt-huit & le trentedeuxié me jour , & ils recouvrerent la fanté. Le rnits L'hiver fuivant, un homme qui reflentoit de la douleur à Oo 436 DissERTATION la poitrine , avec difficulté de refpirer & anxiété, une dou leur violente de tête, accom pagnée de rougeur au vifage, & une petite toux, me deman da mon avis. pe lui recom mandai, peut-être improdem ment, l’eau de chaux: & eh moins de deux heures après l'avoir bu, les fympromes di a confidérablement ; fon pouls de mol & petit de vint affez plein & fort, & le matin fuivant fon urine dépofa une grande quantité de fédi ment blanc, & tacha les parois du verre. Nana quoi que fes douleurs faffent adou cies, elles étoient loin d’être diffipées; ainfi je lui confeillai d'appeller un Médecin, qui , craignant que l’eau de chaux # SUR LA CHAUX VIVE. 437 n empêchät l’expeétoration , ne lui en accorda plus, & fuivit fa méthode. En moins de vingt quatre heures, après avoir aban donné l’eau de chaux, fon uri ne redevint claire & limpide, fans fédiment ou écume, quoi que fes douleurs diminuaffent en même temps, & qu'il con tinuât d’être affe: anquille pen dant quatre jours , mais avec un mal d’eftomac. Alors fon urine commença à avoir un lé ger nuage , & dépofña Île ; jour fuivant une grande quantité de fédiment blanc , & continua ‘ainfi pendant quelques jours , jufqu'à ce que la maladie fût | diffipée. Comme la derniere crife fe fit par l’urine , & non par la fueur ou l° ASE, : n'eft-il pas probable que ; fi Ooi ii 433 DiSSERTATION lufage de l’eau de chaux avoit été continué , la maladie, qui paroifloit être une faufle péri pneumonie , eût été guérie plus promprement ? La Nous avons une fievre par mi les gens d’une baffle condi tion, qui a commencé au Mois de Juillet dernier. Elle eft ac compagnéellile vomiflement , de dévoyement, & d’un grand mal d’eflomac, & fe termine quelquefois en péripneumonie, mais plus ordinairement en un abfcès des glandes parotides , axillaires ou inguinales. ment , ce qui prévient les mau | Vais fmpromes qui autrement pourroient fuivre. J'ai donné avec beaucoup de fuccès l’eau de chaux aux enfans qui vomifloient du lait . caillé., qui avoient des tran chées , & un dévoyement de matieres vertes, après que d’au tres abforbans avoient été inu tilement mis en ufage. Je lai _auffi donnée fouvent comme anthelminrhique. Elle chaffe af fez bien les vers ronds. J’a vois un malade qui avoit les afcaridès , avec un fréquent ténefme ,; & qui avoit eu deux attaques épilepriques.J'or! donnai des injettions d'eau de chaux, mais fans fuccès. Je 440 DISSERTATION | donnai enfuite des lavemens d'huile avec un peu de fel de Mars, ce qui les entraîna en grande abondance , & guérit le malade. Je fais, &c. Il y a une Lettre dans le Ma gafin des Ecoflois, pour le mois. d'Août 1752. p. 395. par J. M. qui attefte la vertu anthel minthique de l’eau de chaux. Et quoique mon Ami n'ait pas trouvé dans l’eau de chaux in jectée une cure immédiate , cependant je penfe qu'il y a lieu de croire que fi le malade en eût bu une boureille avant | l'ingeétion, & qu'on eût répèté le même remede , il auroit fait mourir & chaflé cetre ef. l SUR LA CHAUX VIVE, 44r pece de vers. Mais c’eft à l’ex périence à déterminer; car, Ufus & impigræ fimul experientia mentis Paulatim docuit pedetentim progredientiss : . Namque aliud ex alio clarefcere corde videbant: Axtibus , ad fummum donec venère cacumen. FIN. APPROB ATION du Cenfeur Royal. JS I par ordre de Monfeigneur a} le Chancelier , une Differtation fur PEau de Chaux 3 je crois que cet Ouvrage fera très-bien reçu du Pu blic. A Paris ce 15. Juin 1754. LOUIS. PRIVILEGE DU ROI. OUIS, par LA GRACE DE Drew, # Ror De France ET DE NAVARRE: À nos amés & féaux Confeillers ies Gens tenant nos Cours de Parlement , Maitres des Requêtes ordinaires de notre Hôtel ;; Grand Confeil , Prevôt de Paris, Baillifs,, Sénéchaux ; leurs Lieutenans Civils, & au- tres nos Jufticiers qu’il appartiendra ; SA--: LUT, Notre bien amé GuiLzauME CaAvr=: LIER, Libraire à Paris , Nous a fait expo-. fer qu'il defireroit faire imprimer & don-. ner au Public, des Livres qui ont pour: titre : de Morbis Venereis, par M. Aftruc,, & la Traduétion Françoife. Maladies des Os, par M. Petit. Effaë fur l’Hydrophobie , traduist de l'Anglois , & fur la Chaux Vive; s'il Nous: plaifoit lui accorder nos Lettres de Privilége: pour ce néceffaires : À crs Causes, voulant: favorablement traiter l'Expofant, Nous lui avons permis & permettons par ces Préfen-: tes, de faire réimprimer lefdits Livres au tant de fois que bon lui femblera , & de les: vendre, faire vendre, & débiter par tout: notre Royaume pendant le tems de neuf: années confécutives , à compter du jour de! Ja date des Préfentes. Faifons défenfes à tous ! Imprimeurs, Libraires, & autres perfonnes | de quelque qualité & condition. qu’elles foient, d'en introduire de réimpreflion étrangere dans aucun lieu de notre obéiffan fe, comme aufli de réimprimer lefdits Li vres, & les vendre, faire vendre, débiter, ni'contrefaire fous quelque prétexte que ce puiile être, fans la permiflion exprelle, & par écrit dudit Expofant ou de ceux qui | auront droit de lui, à peine de con= fifcation des Exemplaires contrefaits, de trois mille livres d'amende contre chacun des contrévenans , dont un tiers à Nous, un ticrs à l’Hotel-Dieu de Paris , & l’au 2: 7 EN LS CEA PON Res tre tiers audit Expofant , ou à celui qui eura droit de lui, & detous dépens, dom mages & intérèts. À la charge que ces Pré fentes feront enrepiftrées tout au long fur te Repiftre de la Eden des Impri meurs & Libraires de Paris, dans trois mois de la date d’iceiles ; que la réimpreflion def dits Livres fera faite dans notre Royaume, & non ailleurs, en bon papier & beaux carac tères, conformément à a feuille imprimée, attachée pour modéle fous le Contrefcel des Préfentes, & que l’Impétrant fe confor mera en tout aux Réglemens de la Librai rie, & notamment à celui du ro Avrilr72s; _& qu'avant de les expofer en vente, les Imprimés qui auront fervi de copie à la réimpreflion defdits Livres, feront remis dans le mème état où l’Approbation y aura été donnée, ès mains de notre très. cher & féal Chevalier Chancelier de Fran ce, le Sieur DE LamOrexoN ; & qu'il en fera enfuite#emis deux Exemplaires de chacun dans notre Bibliothéque publique, un dans celie de notre Chateau du Louvre , un dans celle de notre très-cher &'féal Chevalier Chancelier de France, le Sieur pe La MOIGNON, & un dans celle de notre très cher & féal Chevalier Garde des Sceaux de France, le Sieur DE MacHaAuLrrT, Commandeur de nos Ordres ; le tout à pei ne de nullité des Préfentes ; du contenu def. quelles vous mandons & enjoignons de fai re jouir l’'Expofant & fes ayant caufe plei nement & paifblement, fans fouffrir qu'il leur foit fait aucun trouble où empêche sent, Voulons que Ja copie defdites Pré >, “ 1 + GB a ET N'e SNS De Le TN ù fentes, qui‘fera imprimée tout au long at commencement ou à la fin defdits Livres, foit tenue pour dûement fignifiée, & qu'aux Copies collationnées par l’un de nos amés & féaux Confeillers & Secrétaires, foi foit ajoûtée comme à l'original. Commandons au premier notre Huiflier ou Sergent fur ce requis, de faire pour l’exécution d’icelles tous actes requis & néceflaires, fans deman2 der autre permiflion, & nonobftant Clameur de Haro, Charte Normande, & Lettres É ce contraires. Cartel eft notre -plaifir. Donne’ à Verfailles, le huitiéme jour de: Février, l’an de grace mi fept cenbcin quante-cinq, & de notre Regne le quarans tieme, Par le Roien fon Confeil, | … Regiffré enf[emble la Ceffion ci-deffous, fur: le Regtfire XIII. de la Chambre Royale & Syndicale des Libraires &* Imprimeurs Paris, N°. 475. fol, 3654 conformément aux. anciens Réglemens confirmés par celui du 2 A Février 1713. À Paris, Le 14, Février 17559) Signé, DIDOT, Syndic, ! ; es { joits : à F2 à 112 Pr es ” MEME ra. | common_corpus | {'identifier': 'b3302649x_8', 'collection': 'French-PD-diverse', 'open_type': 'Open Culture', 'license': 'Public Domain', 'date': '1754.0', 'title': "Essai sur l'hydrophobie, : précédé de l'histoire d'une personne mordue par un chien enragé, ...", 'creator': 'Nugent, Christopher, -1775', 'language': 'French', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '2156', 'token_count': '3598', '__index_level_0__': '35328', 'original_id': '66521b88ba1ba5b7244c4e2e82213cb5928a22bacc25daeddedeb7361269fa49'} |
What Is An Ionizer? How Does It Work? It is Dangerous?
Many people are confused about the negative ion generator and are not surprisingly so. Frequently asked questions include how does an ionizer work? Is it better than an air purifier or ozone generator? How safe and reliable is the technology? Does it have any side effects blah blah blah...... Fret not as all of these popular questions will be answered one by one. As an added bonus point, we will throw in a definite answer on what is the best type of air purifier for home.
Short answer
Clean the air via charged ions. Air purifier is better.
Long answer
According to Clean Air Optima, did you know the lack of negative ions can cause serotonin hyperfunction syndrome or irritation syndrome (SIS)? Debilitating results of surplus positive ions include dizziness, migraine, nausea, heart fluttering, hot flashes, or shivering. It can also cause mental tension, insomnia, fatigue to depression. Inhaling to excessive positive ions can cause irritation to the airways. On a bad day, it can aggravate asthma, bronchitis, hay fever or rheumatism.
What Is An Air Ionizer?
AKA Ioniser, Ionic air purifier, Ion generator, or Negative Ion air purifier. An air ionizer is a device that cleans the air by discharging 20,000 and 200,000 ions per second to bring down airborne particulates. There are 2 common types of ionizer in the market. First, an electrostatic precipitator that comes with an extra collector plate. The "plate" collects the drop contaminants rather than leaving them falling all over the place. The purification process is eco-friendly thus you can reuse the plate over and over again. Second is an air purifier with an ionizer that pulls in and captures fallen ions onto its filter. Most of the HEPA filter is not reusable but it's proven to be much more effective trapping the fallen. Some ionizer produces a very insignificant amount of ozone that can be safely ignored.
How Does An Ionizer Work?
Ionization is the process where an atom/ molecule gains or loses an electron. An Ionizer works by electrostatically charge negative ions internally and disperse them into the air. Like a magnet, the released negative ions will merge with positive ions particle in a room. This includes dust mites, mold/ mildew, pollen, pet dander, bacteria, and viruses. The bonded ions will fall due to the increased weight leaving the air free from any contaminants. Owners will have to vacuum/ clean up the particulates on the ground, wall, or sofa before it stirs back up again.
How do I know if ionizers really work? Most of your allergic reactions will lessen or fade away in a few day’s time. Also, there is a hint of burn ionized air smell that one will get used to it.
Debunking Air ionizer Dangers
Let’s start with a few clear statements. Ionic air purifier is 100% safe with no side effects as it’s proven time and time again. Ionizer would not make you sick as it disperses only negative ions. In simple terms, negative ions good, positive ions bad. The reason some reports stated otherwise is those “fake” ionizers. They are the so-called Ozonizer that is masked as an ionizer or integrated with the ionization feature. Nothing’s good when you mix with the bad crowd. The problem with Ozonizer is that they rely on ozone to perform its purification. Inhaling to even a small amount of ozone is bad for our health particularly to the lungs.
Blueair ionizer animation
Example of Blueair HEPAsilent Technology
Air Ionizer Benefits
Probably the only site that asks you to be less positive! By now we should all agreed that breathing in more negative ions and less positive ions are beneficial to our health and well-being. Using an air ionizer will balance things up by introducing more negative ions into the air. There are still a few more advantages an ionizer can bring to the table that no other air cleaner could.
1. Evergreen technology that does not rely on any filter. You will save up a lot on the filter replacement cost.
2. Pairs well with a HEPA air purifier or as an Electrostatic Recipitator.
3. Boost body immune system on seasonal allergies like hay fever, cold, and even migraine.
4. Protect our lungs and respiratory tract from inflammation.
5. Helps you sleep better by relieving tension. Mood booster!
6. A natural antidepressant for a person suffering from depression.
7. Stay sharp. Improve mental focus and clarity through the increased flow of oxygen.
8. Elevate person health, energy level, and well-being.
9. Revitalize cell metabolism and speed up healing rate from injury.
10. Normalize respiration rate that helps reduce stress and blood pressure.
Frequently Asked Questions FAQ
Ionizer VS Ozone Generator
An ionizer is not an ozone generator even though some manufacturers market them as the same. The former produces ions while the latter produces ozone. Ionizer only causes the contaminant to fall while the ozone generator disintegrates them. While at this stage ozone generator might seem more superior, it is in fact very dangerous and detrimental to our health. Why? Because ozone is a highly reactive gas that can be unstable when mixing with other compounds. In-proper use of the device can lead to high exposure of ozone that in-return will damage our lung's tissue. Ionizer is a far safer method than combines well with an air purification system.
Air Ionizer VS Air Purifier
Both devices strive for clean air by removing airborne irritants. That's all the similarity ends as they utilize a different set of technology. Air ionizer electrostatically charges and merges ions causing them to fall to the ground (or anywhere in between). Conventional HEPA air purifier pulls in impurities and traps them in the filter. Needless to say, an air purifier is far more efficient than a standalone ionizer in clearing out contaminants. There are some elements of advantages air ionizer holds that we alluded earlier. My question is, why not both? There are many excellent HEPA air purifiers with ionizer feature coming from Honeywell, Blueair, or Rabbit Air. You just have to find the right balance between them.
Do Ionizers Kill Mold or Get Rid of Dust?
Technically ionizer does not "kill" any microbes or any particles. The device's negative ions emission causes ions to drop due to the increased weight. Without an air purifier or collector plate capturing the fallen particulates, the mold, dust or any irritants will still be in the room. It will spread on the wall, sofa or floor until you vacuum it up.
Beware Of All
The Fake "Ionizer"
Go With A HEPA Air Purifier With Ionizer
Save up to 40% discount
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What you Need To Know
Saturday, April 23, 2011
What Can We Learn From The Japanese People?
I was gifted with these ten things by a friend of mine passing along an email.
This was attributed to SKYNEWS. I thought I would pass it along, with some additional commentary (my commentary is in italics).
Just think of this, the country had just been shaken by an unprecedented 9.0 earthquake. That alone would have been enough to "rattle" this country beyond belief. Roads crumbled, buildings toppled, water mains broken, power lines down, and people panicking everywhere. And about an hour later, a 43-foot tall tsunami washed across major portions of the country that had just experienced that major earthquake. Whole small cities of 10,000 people were simply washed into the sea. Google-Earth images show heavily populated areas with hundreds of buildings before - and moments later, the landscape has been washed clean of any evidence of human habitation, not a road, building or anything left. And then after all that, a number of nuclear power plants in the country began experiencing problems - the most serious of which was Fukushima Dai-ichi. The world focused on Dai-ichi and forgot about the rest of the devastation.
But the Japanese people and their government quietly and calmly began immediately to do what was necessary. They set up shelters and began gathering thousands of homeless people into them. They provided food, water and transportation. There was no question of how to do this. They didn't split families up - in fact they tried to keep families together, sending homeless people to relatives instead of stranding them in cities where they knew no one. Quietly and efficiently.
Here in this country, most people act this way during a crisis. Unfortunately, there are a lot of others who don't. And equally unfortunately, our media seeks these situations out and highlights them. So it seems even worse than it is. But why are we so rude and mean in the first place? Why do we think that being rude and mean will help us get what we want faster or better or more? Usually it works the opposite way. And we also seem to feel that being dignified is somehow "weak" because it isn't 'aggressive' or 'manly' enough. Actually being dignified takes far more courage in most situations than being a punk. But enough on that.
Many large cities on the West Coast of the US are just as prone to earthquakes as Japan. We have really good architects and engineers who know how to build wonderful buildings too. But a lot of our buildings probably would not withstand a huge earthquake like this - even the newest ones - because our government doesn't require them to be built that way. And because the corporations who build and own them don't want to spend the extra money. They do just the bare minimum to get by. And then hope. And if it does happen, rely on their insurance company to pay for the damages. If people get hurt, too bad. In Japan - the government has a different attitude about these things.
4. THE GRACE (Selflessness)
I witnessed this in a live interview on Kyodo News during the time immediately after they discovered radioactivity in the water in Tokyo. A woman was in a store buying water for her pregnant sister. She bought 4 small bottles of water. The American reporter asked her why she didn't get more and she replied that she wanted to leave some so that others would be able to get some too. They also showed that day - the same day of the announcement that babies and pregnant and nursing mothers should not drink the water, the government had already set up distribution centers and were giving water to people in those categories. Talk about efficiency!
I have never understood this. Whenever a disaster strikes, or even just when the power goes out for an extended time, a certain group of people just seem to always see it as an opportunity to steal and vandalize things. It is excused as 'venting rage' or something - but often the victims of the theft and vandalism are not the perpetrators of whatever the thieves and vandals are complaining about. After Katrina, I could understand people getting food and water - but the ones stealing TV sets and expensive sound systems?
Taking advantage of others in the midst of a crisis doesn't help your situation much if at all, and in the long run may make everything worse. That store owner whose store was impacted by the disaster already and then lost even more because of looting may decide it isn't worth it to re-open in your neighborhood afterwards. There go the jobs, and the access to whatever he sells. Maybe he would have been able to stay if not for the looting. Why don't we teach people the long-term consequences of our actions - in everything we do?
This is one of those decisions that those individuals probably didn't have to consciously make - they were there, they just started doing what was necessary, one step at a time. At some point or other, they realized they probably weren't going to get out without getting a possibly lethal dose of radiation, but also realized that if they didn't stay - hundreds or thousands of people faced that same fate. And so they just kept on - for the sake of their families who probably lived within the mandatory evacuation zone, and for everyone else. I hope for their sake that the Japanese government gives them something to recognize that they are all heroes in the truest sense of that word. And I am sure that will happen.
Unlike here where our lovely Congress has delayed and delayed even paying for the vitally needed healthcare for the people who spent weeks and months digging in the wreckage of the WTC pile - after having been lied to by Bush Administration officials about the air quality - and are now sick and dying from breathing toxic chemicals in the air. And even now - those workers are being forced to be run through the terrorist watch list database before they can access the funds for this healthcare as a result of a provision that was attached to the recently passed legislation authorizing those funds. Unbelievable. Instead of medals they get insults on top of death sentences.
The Japanese people, through their government/business partnership structures and the way their corporate/labor structures work are used to working as teams. They understand that they are 'all in it together'. You know - socialism of the highest order. They get that for all of them to survive three huge disasters all at the same time that everyone must work together to put the pieces back together.
Japan seems to understand in a way that the US does not, the virtue of long-range planning and preparedness. Like the water for babies. They made an announcement and the water was there. Immediately. Not in a week. Right then. They ordered a mandatory evacuation zone around Dai-ichi. And even though the roads had been washed away and the shelters were already full of people left homeless by the earthquake and the tsunami, they got the people out of there. Right away. Not weeks later. Obviously, their version of FEMA actually has plans. Plans that take into account many variables. Plans that all the appropriate people know about and that are not hidden away in the drawers of some private consultant somewhere. Plans that can be and are implemented on a moments notice.
It's one thing to have plans. But everyone has to know just what those plans are, and how they fit into those plans. In Northern California where I lived for over 25 years, they have NEST (Neighborhood Emergency Support Teams). In case of a disaster - probably an earthquake - you might be inaccessible because of bridges out, landslides, and so on. So neighborhoods were encouraged to form NESTs to identify resources that everyone could depend on for up to two weeks in that event. In my neighborhood, our house was a water source since we had an active deep water well and a hand pump available if the water main broke and water was unavailable. That's the kind of resource that becomes pretty important.
After Katrina, one of the major problems was the evacuation plan. There were apparently only five copies of the $3.2 million plan ever made. During the Congressional hearings afterwards, not one single person could provide a copy of it to the investigating committee. Not even the private consulting firm who supposedly produced it. As far as I am concerned - if no one has the plan - it doesn't exist. You cannot implement a plan if you don't know about it, if you haven't disseminated it to all affected parties, if you haven't practiced it. You cannot criticize anyone for not evacuating according to some plan they never heard of.
But this failure of long-term planning is pretty endemic throughout this country. We are always in the 'no one could have known' frame of mind. Even though time and again the best minds among us have been crying in the wilderness for years about that very thing.
They showed magnificent restraint in the bulletins. No silly reporters.
Only calm reportage. Most of all NO POLITICIANS TRYING TO GET CHEAP MILEAGE.
I would add to this that there has been no 'ass-covering' by the government towards TEPCO (Tokyo Electric Power Company, the owner of the Dai-ichi Nuclear Plant). TEPCO was ordered last week to begin disbursing checks to the people who lived within the mandatory evacuation zones. They were told how much to pay and that the checks needed to be paid immediately and given a list.They were also told that this is just a preliminary payment and that other payments will follow. The checks went out.
Contrast this to the BP $20 billion fund to reimburse all the people who lost their livelihoods after the Gulf disaster. A year and a half after that began, people are still not getting paid and still getting hassled for more papers please and the lawyers are getting rich and the fisher people and business people of the Gulf coast are losing everything they own to bankruptcy. Meanwhile BP is writing off the disaster as a loss on their taxes and giving big fat bonus checks to all their executives.
The manager of the Dai-ichi Power Plant broke down sobbing at the first news conference when he announced to the world that his plant was releasing high levels of radioactivity and that the plant was in danger of meltdown at at least three of the reactors. His sobbing was not the idiotic grandstanding stuff of John Boehner, but the kind of a person who realizes that a nuclear power plant that he is personally responsible for may just wind up killing a lot of people. At every appearance he has been at since he begins and ends with multiple apologies, and that very deep bow. (The deeper the bow, the more humiliating). He has also been very sick himself - an aide reported that he was so sick that he had a doctor come in and hook him up to an IV, but that he 'hadn't fallen down on the floor' so he continued to work although he was staying in a side room. Yeah - the conscience. Unlike some others - you know who - the list is endlessly long.....>
These examples are particularly sharp for me today because I just read an article about Tim Pawlenty's education commission where they decided that teaching kindergartners to share was bad because it has "socialistic tendencies". What???
I'm sorry but socialism is not a bad thing. In fact, all you right-wingers out there - if it wasn't for socialism you would not even be alive. Sharing is what your parents did for you from the moment of your birth. They shared their food, their shelter, their resources, so you could live. Everything you have achieved in your life is because of socialism. The house you live in, the roads you drive on, the car you drive in, the schools you attended whether public or private, the church you go to (or not), the food you eat, the water you drink, the clean air you breathe, the clothes on your back, the companies you have worked for, even the government you love to hate - all of it and every bit of it is socialist. We are all socialists you and I. And the more socialist we are - the better off we all are.
The Japanese people, through the three gigantic, horrific disasters they are going through right now, are showing us just how true this is.
Friday, April 1, 2011
Why Do We De-Value "Womens" Work?
I was having a conversation with my mother the other day about all the slashing and cutting the Republicans in Congress and in the Statehouses across our country are doing in programs that affect the poorest people. We started out talking about food - there is a fast going on to protest cuts in the WIC program, food stamps, school lunch programs and several others that will have an effect on the nutritional status of particularly children and the elderly. We continued on a tangent and wound up talking about the fact that my developmentally disabled sister no longer qualified for food stamps because in addition to her SSDI check she has a job that pays her $10.00 per hour for 18 hours per week. This job is a supported employment job - in other words, her employer got a subsidy for hiring her, she has a job coach, and there are a bunch of other things that go along with it. Her job consists of picking up trash, doing laundry, weeding flower beds, and other similar menial tasks. She likes what she does, gets along well with her supervisors and performs her tasks well enough that she has earned several "employee of the month" certificates.
So in the context of our discussion, mom and I were commenting on how "rich" my sister is because you have to really be poor to qualify for food stamps since obviously my sister is now rich since she doesn't.
But that got me thinking about something else that happened not too long ago.
Womens work. You know - the stuff women have always done, care for the house including laundry, sewing, child care, cooking, gardening, nursing, that kind of stuff. Someone once added up all this work that women do for a family at the cost it would be if they hired it done: a nanny, a professional chef, a gardener, a registered nurse, a seamstress, a bookkeeper, a personal shopper, a gardener, a chauffer, a professional housekeeper and so on - and a stay-at-home mom taking care of a couple of children is worth roughly $267,000 per year.
Even though it is now 2011 - and this kind of stuff has been supposedly relegated to "equal opportunity" by the invention of washer-dryer pairs, no-iron fabrics, disposable clothing, fast food and pre-packaged microwave meals, and men cooking and nursing, there is still a devaluation of that work traditionally done by women. And some of that devaluation is done by other women. The career types look down at women who stay home to take care of children (if they have a choice, which most do not). The value of the work that a stay-at-home mom does in a divorce settlement is valued at zero. Only a paycheck serves as any marker of value. But even the experience of a stay-at-home mom managing a household and raising children is viewed in the so-called "actual" workplace as no experience and therefore unqualified to do anything at all.
So here's what happened to me. I am a highly trained and experienced seamstress and tailor. I had been working doing alterations for a local tuxedo rental and sales shop in town - these alterations were mostly not of the 'let the pants up or down' variety but of the type of 'take the jacket apart and rework the way the sleeves were set in' sort. One day the manager of the store casually mentioned to me that there was another seamstress who had offered to do the alterations for less than half of what I charge. And I stopped receiving calls.
There are two issues here. The first one is that prior to this conversation she and the customers had been thrilled with my work. I still get repeat business from some of them. And the customers had never quibbled about my prices. But this female manager decided that it was better to have this much less expensive service so she stopped recommending me to her customers.
The second issue is that this other seamstress was so willing to provide her services for so little. Didn't she understand that what she was doing was much more valuable than that? I might add that this other seamstress was charging $8 per hour. And that I already knew about her - mostly from customers who brought me items to re-do after her failed attempts. Even so, as a seamstress (not a tailor), her time was and is certainly worth at least as much as $10, and probably more. I think that she can probably hem a dress and do regular seamstress work. Isn't that worth at least as much as weeding a flower bed and washing a load of shop rags? So why is this seamstress unwilling to value herself more than $8 per hour?
Then there is the whole career thing. My mother was a nurse. A really good one. She has an MS degree, and at one time was the charge nurse for an entire hospital - one of the largest in our area. During that same time period, my late husband, who never graduated from high school, was a long-haul truck driver. My mom was busy saving lives, he was driving a truck. She got $8, he got $13.
Cooking. What is it about cooking that when a man does it he is a chef and gets to own a fancy restaurant and boss everyone around. When a woman does it she gets no respect and works in a greasy spoon for minimum wage and she's called a cook.
So what is it? And there are all kinds of these cases. Womens work. And women in general. The Supreme Court has a case in front of it right now about women and work. About women not getting equal pay, equal promotions. And from the sounds of the oral arguments the women are going to lose. All the men are voting against them. The three women are voting for. The decision will be 6-3 not to certify the class.
Women make up more than 50% of the citizens of this country. Why don't we have 50% representation in Congress? In any Statehouse? In governorships? Why haven't we had a woman President? Or even a Vice-President? Why aren't there more women on the Supreme Court? In all the Courts? Why are there still so few CEOs in the Fortune 500?
Hillary Clinton was right - the glass ceiling is still there. She put a bunch of cracks in it - but they are still only cracks. Women still have such a long way to go here - and the United States is supposed to be the most progressive nation. Every other developed nation beats us in every single one of those statistics. They have all had women Presidents or Prime Ministers. Women are represented far closer to the actual demographic than they are here in every way both in public and private.
I think a lot of it is about self-confidence. I was asked once how I decided how much to charge for my services. I will admit that it was long hard conversation with myself and with a lot of prodding from my daughter that got me where I am. And that's what it is, confidence. I had to spend time coming to the realization that I am worth it! It's not just a slogan for some hair product - it means something. I AM worth it. I have spent the time for the training. I have spent years practicing my craft. I have hundreds of happy customers. I have created beautiful garments and fantastic costumes for the ballet. I AM WORTH IT.
We women are so busy doing stuff for everyone else that we fail to notice who WE are. We are capable. We are competent. We are knowledgeable. We are smart, efficient, managers. We must start living and acting this way. We must demand more - not just of ourselves but of each other. The things we must demand are respect, and equal treatment. And that includes equal pay for equal work. And also an idea whose time has long since come - an equality of pay across careers, professions, trades and crafts that makes allowances for time off spent raising and caring for children, and that raises the status of "womens work" to the same status as "mens work". Finally. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '93', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9821062684059144}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '75715', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:DW7W2MPIZHYO6Z4SOPL2CDVE33B7TX2N', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:df168ca8-a659-48d1-aa5e-2b794a416efc>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2013, 12, 13, 13, 59, 2), 'WARC-IP-Address': '74.125.228.108', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:HCPJ4FJNF5X2TPNMXHVWHROVZC45KHQB', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:0a1e1145-a131-48a3-9165-92597fcc0ef0>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://lokywokys.blogspot.com/2011_04_01_archive.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:e32ba125-27df-4113-9a11-03a8182e04eb>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '3721', 'url': 'http://lokywokys.blogspot.com/2011_04_01_archive.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2013-48\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for Winter 2013\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.4514428973197937', 'original_id': '8a9901f483d9651424d3205fb532e2002462c1acacfc2b3706789f2d8c236bec'} |
\section{Quaternion Multplication is not Commutative}
Tags: Quaternions
\begin{theorem}
The operation of multplication on the quaternions $H$ is not commutative.
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
By definition of multplication:
{{begin-eqn}}
{{eqn | l = \mathbf i \times \mathbf j
| r = \mathbf k
| c =
}}
{{eqn | l = \mathbf j \times \mathbf i
| r = -\mathbf k
| c =
}}
{{end-eqn}}
{{qed}}
\end{proof}
| math_pile | {'subset': 'ProofWiki', 'meta': "{'type': 'Theorem_Proof'}", 'original_id': '3e4059d03bcf6e699d0add8aebf65a06cd025a1c8c59ad7135296b0e1f05df6f'} |
Home Sport 3 Spanish footballers jailed for gang-raping teenager
3 Spanish footballers jailed for gang-raping teenager
3 Spanish footballers jailed for gang-raping teenager
Three former Spanish football players were each sentenced on Thursday to 38 years in prison for gang-raping a minor in 2017, the latest high-profile sexual violence case in Spain.
The three men at the time played for fourth division club Arandina FC.
“They knew that the victim was underage when they raped her in their apartment in Aranda de Duero in north central Spain,’’ the judge said.
The issue of sexual violence has been thrust in the spotlight in Spain in the wake of several trials, including the so-called Wolf Pack case.
In this case, five men were sentenced for raping a teenage girl during Pamplona’s annual bull-running festival.
At issue in the Wolf Pack trial, as well as a string of others, was the fact that Spanish law currently does not legally recognise rape.
It only looks into it if physical violence or intimidation is employed.
The Socialist government has appointed a panel to review relevant parts of the penal code.
In the sentencing of the football players, the judge said the girl, who was less than 16 years at the time, was unable to react to the assault.
He said this was due to the disparity in age and physical strength between her and the attackers, NAN reports.
The attack took place with the lights off, taking the victim by surprise and creating an atmosphere of intimidation, the judge added.
The victim had initially told friends and relatives on social networks that she was not raped.
But the court said it accepted her subsequent statement that she did not submit voluntarily to the men.
The three men were convicted for rape and for helping the other two take part.
Olga Navarro, the players’ lawyer, called the sentence “embarrassing” and said the court was imprisoning three innocent young men, who have denied any wrongdoing.
The men insist the girl was lying.
“We’re not rapists. We were naive and they’re trying to screw up our lives,” one of the men, Carlos Cuadrado, said after the sentence.
Another, Victor Rodriguez, said the sentence was the result of social and media pressure.
The sentence can be appealed. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9817675948143004}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '23582', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:UY36NAD3J3AACNALUCN6YUHQ7POHF5FT', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:2195d95d-ebd4-43f3-a341-5592e4bd6c09>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 1, 18, 12, 43, 45), 'WARC-IP-Address': '198.23.51.224', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:F47VWWXR5THXQ2SEDSLTVRIGTB7ZMLO7', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:c5ed9d5d-1af8-4654-b56e-a1fbb9680944>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.fojblog.com/3-spanish-footballers-jailed-for-gang-raping-teenager/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:923f03d0-f274-407f-9299-7d8dce4fe6f4>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '376', 'url': 'https://www.fojblog.com/3-spanish-footballers-jailed-for-gang-raping-teenager/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-05\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for January 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-196.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.07895851135253906', 'original_id': '4b3eca52e6ba9aba5bc02b174340735e598fe625bdaacbd1256e0a9b632a785d'} |
Turkish Cosmetics Manufacturers and Suppliers
Turkish cosmetics, Turkey cosmetics manufacturers/suppliers and exporters directory. High quality cosmetics from Turkish suppliers, exporters and manufacturer companies in Turkey.
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medicine products, medical products, medical materials, drugs, drug, cosmetic products, cosmetics, food additives, food additive, medicine, beta-immunol, syrup, beta-immunol syrup, liquid medicine, solid medicine, granule medicine, gel medicine, cream medicine, cream, gel, liquid drug, solid drug, granule drug, gel drug, cream drug | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '2296', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8411321043968201}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '260019', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:VX2FE3R5OGI7FOQLF6TXESUDYU6LSVB4', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:6e7acf04-95ef-4974-9d26-297d9207ccf6>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 4, 4, 2, 27, 43), 'WARC-IP-Address': '141.98.204.66', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:IIZ62UDSSWSXW5FRBKFNNAQNELZWPKVG', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:d5b04ab6-f0b2-43a3-b5a5-c96bebfadc54>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://skincarehaircarecosmetics.com/en/companies/cosmetics-turkey/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:1ab7d365-0d5a-4199-92b0-853fc74ddda4>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '2532', 'url': 'https://skincarehaircarecosmetics.com/en/companies/cosmetics-turkey/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-16\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for March/April 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-170.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.028782546520233154', 'original_id': 'b479ce18f24f277afbcef430a4523b8c626b053269812873056b0df27e85c0ee'} |
Hundreds of people have been rioting in the outback Queensland city of Mount Isa after a suspected family feud spilled onto the streets.
The large-scale fight broke out in the suburb of Pioneer at about 4:30am after earlier unrest.
Three hundred locals began brawling, some pulled down fences and used the palings as weapons.
Others used bottles and one woman had a knife.
Police received numerous calls for help and all rostered staff went to the scene and those who were off duty were also raised for back up.
It took about 16 officers an hour and a half to end the riot, during which time a female officer was head butted, allegedly by the woman carrying the knife.
The officer was not injured.
So far 15 people have been arrested and charged with public nuisance and one was charged with serious assault police.
Mount Isa Police Inspector Trevor Kidd said there had been some tension in the Pioneer area.
"We will be talking to some of the elders in the community and in that general area there as to why it escalated," he said.
"We're looking at a family feud, so we'll follow up on that.
"The were fighting amongst themselves and it was further fuelled by alcohol.
"Unfortunately alcohol plays a big part." | mini_pile | {'original_id': '039eab06a90de933976ac42b9ef89bf996422dc9cfeccd788d49eaa310f18191'} |
As he went he tried to loosen the cord that pressed the mask into his mouth, but his puny hands hindered him. Yet he must free himself of the mask to chant the thran that opened the gate in the next cave or be caught by the pursuing women.
He decided to shrink his head. There was no time for refinement and he did not try to specify the degree to which his skull must diminish; he could put things to rights later.
As he ran he felt the mask loosen, then the cord dropped loose around his neck as the dimensions of his jaw diminished. He tossed his chin up and the antlered hood flew backwards. From behind him he heard a grunt and a curse and a clatter. Someone had tripped over it and they had all fallen.
Bandar did not look back but threw himself into the new cave, which he was relieved to see was empty. He recognized it now, though he could not recall whether the gate he sought was to left or right.
If he had time, his memory or his noönaut’s acquired sense of direction would tell him which to choose. But there was no time. He could not even intone the four and two thran and remove himself from his pursuers’ purview: having spent so long uncloaked in this Situation and so closely involved with its idiomats, he could not hide himself completely.
The moment he entered the cave he chanted the opening thran. Nothing happened. Then the cave darkened as the doorway behind him filled with murderous females. Bandar had no time to work out why the thran had not succeeded. Fortunately, the answer came before full panic set in: he had sung the notes through vocal equipment that was markedly smaller than his regular issue; just as a miniature horn plays a higher note, his shrunken larynx and throat had thrust the thran into a higher register. Thrans had to be exactly the right pitch.
Bandar adjusted for scale and sang the notes again, and was rewarded with two ripples in the air. Arbitrarily he chose the one to his left and leapt through as the young cavewoman’s nails sank into his shoulder.
He emerged into Heaven. All was perfection: verdant meadows with grass soft as velvet and dotted with flowers of exquisite filigree; groves of stately trees, each impeccable in composition and form; skies as clear and blue as an infant’s gaze; and air as sweet as a goddess’s breath.
The rift through which he had come closed behind him and Bandar stood a moment, a tiny hand to his breast as his fear ebbed away. At once he knew that he had taken the wrong gate — he should now be alone on a mountaintop from which he could have segued to the destination island.
He could retrace his route. The cavewomen’s Situation would soon recycle. But first he should restore his body parts to their proper proportions and reclothe himself. He needed to make tones of the right pitch, and it would not do to encounter the Senior Tutor while stark naked and presenting the humming enormity that dominated his ventral view.
He looked carefully around. He was standing under some trees. There were no idiomatic entities in view and Heaven was usually a tranquil Location. But just to be safe he decided to move deeper into cover. He ducked to pass under the lower branches of a flawless flowering tree, the perfume of its blossoms at close range making his head swim. With each step the touch of the grass against his bare feet was a caress.
A very sensuous Heaven, he thought, and resolved to explore it more thoroughly when he was received into the Institute as a full fellow. Perhaps he would make a special study of such Locations; it would be pleasant work.
Secluded among the scent-laden trees, he concentrated on a mental image of his own head and performed the appropriate exercises for what he judged to be sufficient time. But when he raised his miniature hands to examine the results he discovered that his skull had remained tiny while his ears and nose had grown far beyond normal; indeed they were now as out of harmony with nature as the buzzing, vibrating tower that rose from his lower belly.
If I could see what I am doing, it would make the work much easier, Bandar reasoned. The setting seemed too arcadian for an actual mirror, but the noönaut heard the gentle tinkling of water nearby. A still pool would do, he thought.
He followed the sound deeper into the grove and came to a clearing where a bubbling spring welled up to form a pool of limpid clarity. He knelt and gazed into the gently rippling water. The image of his shrunken face, albeit now centered by a trunk-like proboscis and framed by a pair of sail-like ears, looked back at him with grave concern. He began the exercises anew.
“Bless you,” said a mellow voice behind him. Bandar swung around to find a sprightly old man with the face of a cherub beaming down on him from under a high and ornate miter that was surrounded by a disk of golden light. The saint was dressed in ecclesiastical robes of brilliant white with arcane symbols woven in gold and silver thread. In his hand was a stout staff topped by a great faceted jewel.
“Thank you,” said Bandar. “I’ll be but a moment.”
But as he spoke he saw the man’s beatific expression mutate sharply to a look of horror succeeded by a mask of righteous outrage. Faster than Bandar would have credited, the jewel topped staff rotated in the hierophant’s hand so that it could be thrust against the noönaut’s chest, and he was toppled into the crystal water.
“Glub,” said Bandar as he passed below the surface. When he struggled back to the air he saw the old man looming over him, the staff set to do fresh mayhem. He had time to hear the idiomat cry out, “Enemy! An enemy is here!” before the gem struck Bandar solidly on his tiny cranium and drove him under again.
Bandar wondered if it was possible to drown in the Commons. He elected not to find out and kicked off toward the other side of the pool, swimming under the surface.
The throbbing queller of cavewomen was not diminished by the cold water. Indeed it tended to dig into the soft bottom of the pool so that he had to swim closer to the surface. But his action took him out of range of the staff and in moments he had hauled himself free of the water. The idiomatic saint was circling the pool, clearly intent on doing more damage, all the while bellowing alarms.
Bandar fled for the trees, but as he ran he heard the rush of very large wings. Casting a look over his shoulder, he saw a vast and shining figure passing through the air above the grove. The long bladed sword in its grasp was wreathed in flame and the look on its perfectly formed features bespoke holy violence.
Bandar fell to his knees and opened his mouth. The four and two would not work here, he was sure. And he doubted the nine and three would be efficacious. Given how his fortunes had fared today, it would be the three threes. This was the most difficult sequence of tones, even when the chanter was not possessed of mouse-sized vocal equipment absurdly coupled to an elephantine nasal amplification box, while distracted by vibrations from below and the threat of incineration from above.
His alternatives rapidly dwindling, the noönaut frantically adjusted his vocalizations to find the exact pitch. At least the giant ears assisted in letting him hear exactly how he sounded. The sight of the descending winged avenger lent urgency to his efforts and in moments he struck the right tones. He sang the three threes and saw the terrible beauty of the angel’s face lose its intensity of focus. The wings spread wide to check its ascent; it wheeled and flew off, its flaming sword hissing.
The staff-wielding hierophant stood on the other side of the bubbling pool, scratching his head and wearing an expression like that of a man who has walked into a room and cannot remember what he came for. Then he turned and went back the way he had come.
The gate back to the ice-world was too close to where the saint was keeping his vigil. Bandar did not fancy hunting for it and standing exposed while seeking the right pitch for the opening thran, with hard-tipped staffs and flaming swords in the offing. He would find another gate and take his chances.
Chanting the three threes, he went out onto the luxurious lawn again but now its caressing touch mocked his dismay. He saw above the distant horizon a squadron of winged beings on combat patrol. In another direction was a walled citadel, giant figures watching from its ramparts, a glowing symbol hovering in the sky over the heads.
There could be no doubt: he had passed into one of those Heavens that offered no happy-ever-aftering; instead, here was an active Event — one of those paradises threatened by powers that piled mountains atop each other or crossed bridges formed of razors. In such a place an uninsulated sojourner would not long remain unnoticed. And neither side took prisoners.
If he stopped chanting the three threes, someone might launch a thunderbolt at him. Still, Bandar attempted the techniques that would restore his parts to their proper size. At the very least, he wished to be rid of the humming monstrosity connected to his groin; it slapped his chest when he walked and when he stood still it impinged upon his concentration.
But it was too difficult to maintain the complex chant through his distorted vocal equipment while attempting to rectify his parts. All Bandar could manage was to alter the color of the buzzing tower from its natural shade to a bright crimson. It did not seem a profitable change.
He abandoned the effort and concentrated instead on using his sense of direction to tell him where the next gate might be. In a moment an inkling came, but he was dismayed to recognize that the frailty of the signal meant that the node was a good way off.
Bandar set off in that direction, chanting the three threes, ears flapping from fore to aft and nose swaying from side to side, his chest slapped contrapuntally. After he had walked for some time he noticed that the signal was only marginally stronger; it would be some time before he reached its source.
While I was making alterations I should have doubled the length of my legs, he thought and scarcely had the idea struck him than he realized if he had had that inspiration in the sacked city he could have climbed onto the wall to open its gate and none of this would have been necessary.
The noönaut stopped and sat down. I have been a fool, he thought. Didrick Gabbris deserves to win; he will fit this place far better than I ever could. He felt his spirit deflate and resolved not to persist with the quest. He would open an emergency gate and leave the Commons.
But not here in the open, where someone might cast who knew what lethal missile in his direction. Without warning, in such a Location, an actual god might appear and unleash disasters that only an irate deity could conceive of.
Bandar rose and crossed quickly to the nearest copse of trees. Under their sheltering boughs he spied a troop of armored figures drawn up in a phalanx, the air above their head a blaze of gold from their commingled halos. Still chanting, he backed away.
He walked on, investigating one stand of trees after another, finding each under the eye of at least one brightly topped sentry. Several were peopled by whole battalions of holy warriors.
He would have to leave Heaven before he could find a safe place in which to call up an emergency exit. He wished he knew more about these Locations — his interests ran more toward the historical than the mythological — but he recalled that there was often a ladder or staircase connecting them to the world beneath. It was usually at the edge, sometimes wreathed in clouds.
He kept on until eventually he found himself descending a long, grassy slope which seemed to end in a precipice. Gingerly, he inched toward the edge. He would have crawled on hands and knees but his enormous red appendage hampered him.
Near the lip he looked out into empty air that was suffused with light from no discernible source. Far below, scattered clouds drifted idly, the gaps between them allowing glimpses of fields and forests beneath. Bandar shuffled closer to the edge to look almost directly down, hoping to see some means of descent but his view was hindered by the vibrating enormity. Finally he knelt and leaned forward.
There was something there, just beyond the last fringe of lush grass. He reached to move away the obscuring blades. Yes, that looked much like the top of a ladder.
“Ahah!” said Bandar, breaking off the thran to indulge in a moment of triumphant relief. Immediately, a scale covered hand appeared from beyond the rim, seized his wrist with claw tipped fingers and yanked him over the precipice.
Bandar’s squawk was cut off by a hot, calloused palm pressed against his mouth. There was a reek of sulfur and he was clutched by rock hard arms against an equally unyielding chest, then he heard a flap of leathery wings and felt his stomach lurch as the creature that held him dropped into empty space.
They spiraled downward, affording Bandar a panoramic view of what lay beneath Heaven. There was a ladder; indeed, there were many. But though their tops were set against the grassy lip from which he had been seized their bases were not grounded on the earth far below. Instead, they were footed on a vast expanse of stone paving that was the top of an impossibly colossal construction that rose, tier upon tier, to thrust up through the clouds and end just below the celestial realm.
The tower top was thronged by legions of blood red creatures, some winged, some not, but all armored in shining black chitin and clutching jagged edged swords and hooked spears as they swarmed up the ladders.
As Bandar spun downwards he saw the topmost of the invaders being boosted onto the grass and heard the piercing sound of a horn. Then he and his captor descended into a cloud and for a time all was mist. They emerged to fly beneath an overcast, dropping ever lower toward a great rent in the earth from which foul clouds and odors emerged, as well as more marching legions of imps, demons and assorted fiends, all bound for the great tower.
The demon that held Bandar lifted its wings like a diving pigeon and plummeted into the reeking chasm. A choking darkness closed the noönaut’s eyes and nose but he sensed that they fell a long, long way.
“In a moment, my servant will remove his hand from your mouth,” said the occupant of the black iron throne. “If you attempt to say the name of You Know Whom,” — one elongated finger directed its pointed tip at the roof of the vast underground cavern — “you will utter no more than the first syllable before your tongue is pulled out, sliced into manageable pieces and fed back to you. Are we clear?”
Bandar looked into the darkness of the speaker’s eyes, which seemed to contain only impossibly distended pupils. He wished he could look away but he was by now too far acclimated to this Location, and the Adversary’s powers gripped him the way a snake’s unwavering gaze would hold a mouse.
He nodded and the palm went away. The other’s upraised finger now reflectively stroked an aquiline jaw, its progress ending in a short triangular beard as black as the eyes above it. “What are you?” said the voice, as cool as silk.
Bandar wished he’d studied more about the Heavens and Hells, but he had always been more compelled by Authentics than by Allegoricals. He knew, however, that within their Locations deities and their equivalents had all the powers with which their real-world believers credited them. So, in this context, he faced an authentic Principal of evil — or at least of unbridled ambition — that had all the necessary resources, both intellectual and occult, to battle an omnipotent deity to at least a stalemate. Bandar, who could not outargue Didrick Gabbris, was not a contender.
The sulfur made him cough, Finally he managed to say, “A traveler, a mere visitor.”
The triangular face nodded. “You must be. You’re not one of mine and,” — the fathomless eyes dropped to focus briefly on Bandar’s vibrating wonderment — “you’re certainly not one of His. But what else are you?”
Every Institute apprentice learned in First Week that the concept of thrans had originated in a dawntime myth about an ancient odist whose songs had kept him safe on a quest into the underworld. This knowledge gave Bandar hope as he said, “I am also a singer of songs. Would you care to hear one?”
The Adversary considered the question while Bandar attempted to control his expression. The distant gate he had sensed in Heaven was but a few paces across the cavern. He had only to voice the right notes, perhaps while strolling minstrel-like about the space before the throne, to call the rift into existence and escape through it.
“Why would you want to sing me a song?” said the Adversary.
“Oh, I don’t know,” said Bandar and was horrified to see the words take solid form as they left his mouth. They tumbled to the smoldering floor to assemble themselves into a wriggling bundle of legs and segmented body parts that scuttled toward the figure on the throne, climbed his black robes and nestled into the diabolical lap. The Principal idly stroked it with one languid hand, as if it were a favored pet.
“All lies are mine, of course,” the soft voice said, “and I gave you no leave to use what is mine.” He nodded to the winged fiend that still stood behind Bandar and the noönaut felt a icy pain as the thing inserted a claw into a sensitive part and scratched at the virtual flesh.
“Now,” said the Adversary, when Bandar had ceased bleating and hopping, “the truth. What are you, why did you come here and, most urgent of all, how did you contrive to enter His realm behind His defenses?”
“If I tell you, may I go on my way?”
“Perhaps. But you will tell me. Ordinarily, I would enjoy having it pulled out of you piece by dripping piece, but today there is a certain urgency.”
“Very well,” Bandar said, “though the truth may not please you.” And he told all of it — thrans, Locations, examinations, Gabbris, the smashed amphora — wondering as he did so what the repercussions might be. It was no great matter if the odd idiomat saw a sojourner pass by; but Bandar had never heard of an instance where a Principal was brought face to face with the unreality of all that he took to be real. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9873008728027344}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '48851', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:DVV74IDXFS6447KUVSAHKU4QHQJY44HQ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:3995a007-84dc-482b-96ae-433b6c7204f1>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 3, 21, 15, 56, 22), 'WARC-IP-Address': '173.236.182.131', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:WJNCKXDNWPFYETDRB2MXS2NGC5EPOQ3Z', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:0cf80a71-9e20-439c-b8e4-1b999400119f>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.matthewhughes.org/a-little-learning/3/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:2ecff8a3-2b4e-4b0b-ac2a-74a2620d92cc>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '3242', 'url': 'https://www.matthewhughes.org/a-little-learning/3/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-13\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for March 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-140-246-66.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.04985833168029785', 'original_id': 'd474e667ec5935c89b38687a6b9dc991519298d45996116c5d52a1c1f721cd3f'} |
To the Husband Googling ‘My Wife Has Lyme Disease.
May is Lyme Disease Awareness Month! As I sit here reflecting about my wife/baby mama/BFF/personal goddess and all that has come to pass, I can’t help but be proud of who she is and what she does. I don’t give her the credit she deserves. Shame on me for that. It seems like the extra stress on her system has made fighting Lyme disease (a daunting task in itself) that much harder.
Nevertheless, her mind is focused on being a mom, and while any Lymie would be focused on medication schedules and the benefits of a ketogenic die, my super hot Lymie is more concerned with our son’s backstroke technique, and the proper form for doing fouette turns for the girls, as if the fact that she is tethered to the couch and the plethora of crappy things she has to endure in a day are nothing more than a minor inconvenience. Of course, that is a far cry from the reality of the situation but what can I say, she is an ass kicker. That doesn’t mean Lyme doesn’t get best of her. Yet, no matter how many times it knocks her down, she wipes her tears away and gets back up.
She has been sick for almost three years, and I think about how much we have learned from the moment her Lyme disease made its first appearance in our lives. From there, we both had to piece together not only what this is, but how to kill it. Like most people in the era of technology, our quest for knowledge began with a Google search. The results had to be filtered and evaluated. Three years later, reflecting on that moment got me thinking. What does a husband, father, caregiver, etc. need to know when they want to help land the first punch against Lyme disease? So the following is, in my opinion, what a husband needs to know when he Google searches, “My wife has Lyme disease.”
You are going to find out what you’re made of.
I heard a man once say, “It doesn’t matter how much beer you can drink. It doesn’t matter how much ass you can kick. A real man measures himself by how he acts during a crisis.” That is exactly what having the most important person in your life diagnosed with Lyme disease is: a crisis. You’re going be tested in every way imaginable, but it’s not going to matter one bit. Why? Because it is nothing compared to what lies ahead for her. You are not the one having muscle spasms, joint pain or seizures. The way you react to the myriad of difficult scenarios that will be placed at your feet are going to have some serious consequences. It is imperative that you keep your head on your shoulders because whether it is distributing medications, or being an advocate for her, you have to be her rock. You are not going to be perfect, but you have to get back up every time you get knocked down just like her. Why? Because she is counting on you.
You will find out what really matters.
Do you remember when you were a kid and something crappy happened to you? They told you not to worry because it “builds character.” Well, if that is true, then my wife has woven moral fiber thick enough to suspend a small planet from. The funny thing about having to watch your wife endure a chronic and debilitating illness is that it strips away what doesn’t really matter from your life. You gain a crystal clear perspective on life, and things that once held a high priority don’t even register anymore. Suddenly your desire to (insert random hobby here) is gone, and that (insert random project here) isn’t even on the radar. Her well-being and the well-being of your kids become all that really matter. I gain more pleasure from binge-watching “Pretty Little Liars” (don’t judge me, we also watch “Game of Thrones”) under a sea of blankets than anything I could imagine. When you don’t have financial means or physical energy to distract yourself, you are left with something very real and tangible.
You will see your friends’ true colors.
As you’re cleansed from nonessential priorities and fool’s pursuits while you escort your wife on the road to wellness, you are going to have to endure another type of purge. That is a purge of people who are just simply too weak to endure this road, and they will choose not to follow where your wife has no choice but to travel. As I said before, crisis will show your true colors and the colors of those around you. You will be shocked at who falls off. Some will not even take the first step with you. Others will talk a big game, and once they realize how long the road actually is, they will bow out. On the flip side of the coin, there are people who come out the woodwork who are in it to win it with her and don’t waiver no matter what. Nevertheless, you will be changing your contact list in the coming years and it will be for the better.
Knowledge is power.
You cannot and will not get a single punch in against Lyme if you blindly follow any physician’s plan. Hell, you will be lucky to get it diagnosed accurately. I believe the only way to beat Lyme is to become a student of the illness. You cannot advocate for someone if you do not understand what they are up against, and she is fighting an uphill battle against an illness that is not understood by the masses at this time. You and your wife have to become the smartest people in the room because of the controversial nature of this illness. You will be criticized by those who do not understand, often under the veil of concern for her well-being. You will have to field the “why is treatment taking so long” or “what if she just went off of all the medication” comments with grace or with fury if you having a bad day. Either way, the results will be the same. Some people get it, others do not. That is just how it goes. The point is, knowledge is power and you will need that power.
You’re becoming a nurse.
As of today I can give IM injections, change a PICC line dressing, administer IV medications, can give a basic neurological exam to check for things like a stroke, understand seizure protocol, know CPR, can mix and measure all types of different medications, etc. So whether you like it or not, you are becoming a nurse. This is part of that whole “knowledge is power” thing I previously wrote about. Your wife is going to need help with treatment at home and a lot of that responsibility will fall on you. When someone you love is sick it can make you feel very helpless. Taking an active role in administering treatment can make you feel like you are in the fight with her.
Get a diagnosis.
Getting Lyme disease accurately diagnosed is the first huge hurdle that you and your wife will have to overcome. We had IGeneX testing to get a CDC-positive Lyme test for my wife. They are expensive but for us it was worth every penny, as it was the first foothold we had against the insurance company to cover treatment. There are other tests to diagnose co-infections that I recommend exploring once treatment has begun.
Find the right doctor.
You don’t hire a plumber to fix your electrical. The same logic applies to healthcare. Just like any serious illness, you need a competent care team to drive treatment. Finding a Lyme-literate medical doctor (LLMD) is usually the first step. They are hard to find and a lot of them don’t take insurance. The good news is that the online community for Lyme disease is very good at helping you access the right medical professionals. Once that is in place, it doesn’t hurt to seek advice on nutrition and holistic care.
Have endurance..
The road to wellness is the Eco Challenge, Tough Mudder, Iron Man, and BUD/S training all rolled into one. It will break your heart to watch your wife fight this fight, but I promise you it is 10 times harder for her to watch you from the bed. Her heart breaks for what how this illness impacts your life and the life of your children. There is the pain it causes them, the added stress, the loss of friends, the unsympathetic family members, the ignorant healthcare professionals, etc. All that weight along with the daunting task of fighting a trivial and debilitating illness that is ravaging her body. So you must stay the course… no matter what..
In closing, if you are out there Googling “Lyme disease” in hope of finding some answers for your wife or a person that you love, let me tell you that you are not alone out there. There are many “Lyme Warriors” willing to help her and get her on the road to wellness. I have watched my wife fight for three years and I can tell you without a shred of doubt that I love her more every day. I have folded mentally on more than one occasion due to the stress of it all, but I will never stop getting back up to be her rock because she is worth it. She is the one who suffers daily. She is the one who has lost the most at the hand of this illness. She is the one that endures the most hardship. Finally, she is the one who would be there for me if I was the one sick..
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“Bookit has been a great time and money saver, and the...”
Written on: 25/08/2013
Bookit has been so easy to use and has awesome prices when compared with other sites. I've booked several times through Bookit, and I've NEVER had an issue with their services, and I travel a lot. I would recommend you to family, friends, and associates. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '38', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9625447392463684}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '37705', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:UHC4MCAIIWWESC7GJ7P63JVJ5RPWURKY', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:7759d3f7-41c5-4dae-89b3-be7b61131a8a>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2013, 12, 13, 16, 46, 9), 'WARC-IP-Address': '83.222.235.155', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:UXJYSL2DNPU7MTVX4XMIPOIFTDKJDDDJ', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:538c7814-89f3-4428-802c-4034879a7e98>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.reviewcentre.com/report_review/2209981', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:0f2725e6-6c0d-44f5-b563-653b2bc65391>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '133', 'url': 'http://www.reviewcentre.com/report_review/2209981', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2013-48\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for Winter 2013\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.16332018375396729', 'original_id': 'b649f2599dc662db1862f01077cb9332cac38f8c28fd5deb7dca88079adcfc67'} |
Ignore sunk clowns
But! But your friends are all here, and the sun is shining and you’ve got cake and a game of pin the tail on the donkey ready to go.
The same question confronts the pro golfer who three-putted on the third hole.
Or the accountant who forgot an obvious deduction, one that can’t be recovered.
Or the salesperson who missed a key meeting, or the speaker who got let down because the tech crew screwed up her first three slides.
If it doesn’t help, why bathe in it?
When we can see these glitches as clowns, as temporary glitches that are unrelated to the cosmic harmony of the universe or even the next thing that’s going to happen to us, they’re easier to compartmentalize.
That happened.
Okay, now what? | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '26', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9510722756385804}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '22181', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:FJ5YIPRZW2PNA746VKS67QEPSHHQ73JK', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:c1662686-da31-4a9c-b5cf-9207a6bb7a86>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 11, 21, 21, 0, 38), 'WARC-IP-Address': '162.144.142.57', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:SSUAZ6GXMSNZG7GVHQXNX3N7KMYB23HS', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:97839d00-5f84-454d-90e7-83644769ecef>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://seths.blog/2018/02/ignore-sunk-clowns/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:ea05eb27-763e-43e7-8a4b-56f980411d6f>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '176', 'url': 'https://seths.blog/2018/02/ignore-sunk-clowns/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-47\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-63-80-227.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.2928452491760254', 'original_id': 'cf8e6e56a467c17dafcb7b49e7b548d98953758fb91b1f2361f5cb7dc2bab732'} |
So you’ve done it. Taken action on your development. Your first session is just around the corner and you want to make sure you come out of it ready to take on the world. How do you prepare for your first virtual coaching session?
Here are 5 short sharp top tips to make it happen:
1. Be fashionably early
Find a quiet spot. Get logged in 10 to 15 minutes before your session. Close down those programmes that send you notifications and login into the video conferencing software of your choice (e.g. Skype, Zoom). Take a few deep breaths and relax. This is ‘YOU’ time.
2. Put pen to paper
Scribble out some thoughts on what you’d like to talk about and explore. It might be career direction. You could discuss when you will start your trip around the world. Or, how to have a difficult conversation you need to have. If there is a lot going on up there, I find it really useful to frame it in a question e.g. Do I take this job offer or run with this business idea?
3. Let people know
You’re just about to strike upon your big ‘A-ha’ moment when someone knocks on your door and breaks your flow, just to show you their lunch. Let people know that you’re not to be disturbed and turn your phone off. You can see what people have had for lunch on Instagram later.
4. Have a few questions you need answering
Your coach is there facilitate the programme. Much of how you move forward you will agree on together, but if you have any specific about how coaching works or what will happen next then have them to hand.
How often will you meet your virtual coach?
Will you have contact outside of coaching sessions?
What will happen if I miss a session?
5. Enjoy it!
As a number 5, you’d be right in thinking that this is a little predictable but here is our version of ‘enjoy’. There is not a video, TedTalk or story that can describe a coaching experience. It is perfectly unique to you and you don’t really ‘get it’ until you’re ‘in it’.
Enjoy the experience of doing something totally for you with someone whose wholly invested in the very same thing!
Did you learn something new? Click Here for More Frequently Answered Questions | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9448552131652832}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '94304', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:NZ2JT7KFLH4ZI7YSSFMV3XVLYRHBSRHA', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:820e0fd8-40f0-4fe2-81fa-1524d234bec3>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 1, 29, 2, 9, 55), 'WARC-IP-Address': '77.104.130.176', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:7AJHFHGYVAYQPLT6NXHM766II3PK6X4V', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:df2b4aca-282b-46c3-b8c7-1bfd8a12c348>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.knowyoumore.com/frequently-answered-questions/prepare-for-coaching/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:4bb95b71-4ba5-4c3c-a2a9-0e79ac907ef3>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '390', 'url': 'https://www.knowyoumore.com/frequently-answered-questions/prepare-for-coaching/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-05\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for January 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-30.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.0362430214881897', 'original_id': '680addf64a6f7be34c9fb6b9ecc9581a98a47ba23d66ab3996660c764ca7d3d2'} |
Q:
Laravel routing (?) problems
So I just uploaded my site from my local dev environment to my server.
But there's a problem. Only the index page loads. I've mapped some
controllers to different routes like this:
//controller detection
Route::controller(Controller::detect());
//site routes
Route::get('/','site@index');
Route::get('about','site@about');
Route::get('blog','site@blog');
Route::get('downloads','site@downloads');
Route::get('products','site@products');
Route::get('shop','site@shop');
//admin routes
Route::get('login','admin@login');
//ajax functions
Route::get('loadnews/(:num)','ajax@loadnews');
Route::post('sendmessage','ajax@sendmessage');
Route::post('loadblog','ajax@loadblog');
Route::post('loadblogdetails','ajax@loadblogdetails');
Event::listen('404', function()
{
return Response::error('404');
});
Event::listen('500', function()
{
return Response::error('500');
});
Route::filter('before', function()
{
// Do stuff before every request to your application...
});
Route::filter('after', function($response)
{
// Do stuff after every request to your application...
});
Route::filter('csrf', function()
{
if (Request::forged()) return Response::error('500');
});
Route::filter('auth', function()
{
if (Auth::guest()) return Redirect::to('login');
});
And when I click on the links pointing to these routes, I've get a
simple Error: 324 (net::ERR_EMPTY_RESPONSE): from chrome.
How can I fix this?
The site currently located at: site
A:
I was having a similar problem, and I resolved it deleting the line:
Route::controller(Controller::detect());
I'm using named Url's. Give it a try.
| mini_pile | {'original_id': 'd35e7e39a9cbf79d7746c4766d6419aa1b64d53d001824e98bd1c46b0b1150a1'} |
Week 3
Post your Reading Comments here!
5 thoughts on “Week 3
1. Kit Paulson
The Belsey reading got me thinking this week about its relevance in the ongoing struggle between art and craft, concept and execution.
There always seems to be an argument going on between those who think that art (why you make it) is more important, and those who think craft (how you make it) is more important. I tend to believe that they’re both really important but my innate predilection always draws me toward craft and I have to force myself to consider concept.
I was delighted with Belsey on page 47 when she says, “Form and content cannot be read separately”. It seems to vindicate some works that I love that have always appeared to be more about craft than about concept. I like the idea that by giving form to an object you are automatically imbuing it with content.
2. SuYeon Kim
Saussure is introducing the concept of sign, which is composed of signifier and signified. When it applied to fine art, the visual image of the artwork would be signifier and the meaning; concept of the artwork would be the signified. And the relation of signifier and signified is arbitrary. Saussure believe different languages have different value(I am not sure I get confused when I was reading this part).
Claude Levi-Strauss’s Structural Anthropology is starts from the idea of Saussure, and Levi-Strauss believes that language (or linguistics) have connection with social phenomena. For this his writing was about arguing of the relation and value of linguistics of different societies. Since this article is written at 1958 which is after the world war 2 he is noticing the differences of “primitive (Levi-Strauss seems to hate to use this word) society”/Asiatic societies and the one of the differences is these societies have kinship systems. Levi-Strauss is following the idea of Marx but he denounces some Marxist historians like Rodinson who doesn’t respect the difference of the non-(or pre-) capitalistic or primitive societies and have the point of view of imperialism. I was wondering since this reading was all about the relation between linguistics and societies and value of the different societies, what could we talk about art or media related to this reading. And also Levi-Strauss mentioned that Marx’s ideology was simply a “mirror image”. Is this concept of “mirror image” coming from Lacan?
Barthes’s writing (Camera Lucida) was interesting to read because the time he wrote this article was when the photography was already familiar to the public and he was trying to classify or organize the definition of photography by using examples of different kinds of photography. Barthes seems like he was really fascinated by photography, but for me I didn’t fully emphasize with him about the part he mention about he had to “pose” front of the lens and he feels like photograph creates him or mortifies his body.. because before photography people had to “pose” front of the painter and painting created the person. Is it because as photography came out it was opened to all kinds of people and it gets democratic than before?
At “S/Z”, Barthes is focusing about the role of the reader (viewer) and stated that the reader have to be actively relate to the reading, and this is mentioned at the writing by Belsey. However I was having a hard time understanding the definition of post-structualism.. Is post structuralism is about viewer/reader have to be act actively to the writing or a piece of art and find a new signifier not from the auther or the artist?
3. Edmond
Readings 2- Structuralism/Semiotics/Post-Structuralism
The two articles that caught my attention the most were Structuralism and Semiotics by Kate McGowan and Camera Lucida by Roland Barthes. In McGowan’s article, she discusses the word Semiotics. She described the word as “signs”: more in depth, a study of signs and symbols and communication behaviors (Dictonary.com). Before I finished the first paragraph about semiotics, I asked myself, “…does semiotics profile people, or a culture of people?” McGowan also mentioned that advertisements uses semiotics to market towards a group of people; hence the words ‘target audience’.
In Barthes article, he mentions how photographs are just like language. He even stated he, “…wanted a History of Looking.” Barthes believed that just like the cave drawings, photographs tell a story and record history. With this thought, I reflect back to McGowan’s article about semiotics. What if people read the “signs” wrong? What if the semiotics is one sided? How can ones cultural history be told truthfully if the photographs only tell one side of the story?
Barthes discussed how the images from Nicaragua affected him as a spectator. The images were recorded documentation about what was happening during that time period, but the images were being read as documentation of ones cultural behavior. Images, just like semiotics, can be one sided. If one does not know how to read the “language” one can misread the image and interpret the message wrong. Barthes stated, “… their homogeneity remained cultural.” I understood this to mean the images from Nicaragua were a poor representation of the culture. Even though, war was taken part in Nicaragua this does not mean all Nicaraguans are poor and fighting in wars. These images in Barthes articles are not telling the other side of ones culture. And this can be a problem with semiotics; one culture reads the signs wrong for another culture.
Because of this era, Barthes discussed that photography is a real document. Unlike the cave drawing, which people ask if the drawings are even real, photographs are/can be factual. And photographs need to be able to communicate the messages successfully, not with a bias point view.
4. jamie sheffer
Week 3
Ferdinand de Saussure, from Course in General Linguistics (1916)
The article breaks down language into two functioning elements, sound and ideas. An articulus creates meaning, “in which an idea is fixed in a sound and a sound becomes the sign of an idea” (de Saussure 6). This concept was hard for me to grasp at first, but with further investigation of articulus I realized sound was being used as a joining flexible material to attach a sign in language to an idea. It is functioning in the same way as the elbow of an arm. In this way root meanings are created. The article then breaks down value vs signification. value is just a part of signification Value is also an interchangeable element. When value is changed it doesn’t affect the idea or the sound. Before the system of language is created by the signified and the signifier there is neither idea or sound.
1.) If different values creates duality, and have no affect on the phonic or psychological elements, how is value translated in different languages? Wouldn’t the phonic and psychological elements be affected by the translation?
2.) If differences implies positive terms, why are there only differences with negative terms?
Kate McGowan- Structuralism and Semiotics
The article begins by breaking down the cultural understanding of the term spinster and the image of an older woman that is culturally attached to the word. Structure is created by man, its not created by an all knowing entity. Structure is established to create meaning. Without language there is only chaos. The image of spinster could not be created without recognizing the conceptual difference between man and woman. Then the concept of marriage would have to establish the symbolism of a relationship between a man and a woman. McGowan then argues that cultural concepts of gender can be changed. She goes as far to say “that the culture we claim as ‘ours’ is in turn neither natural nor inevitable” (McGowan 6). The human made structure produces cultural understandings. She then breaks down film into a system of images, and how images can be manipulated to signify different meanings. She argues that meanings can be changed. Both articles made me consider how I depend on cultural understanding of gender in my projects. Right now I’m working on my thesis script. My story focuses on monsters whose sex, gender, race, and ethnicity is left ambiguous until they are infected with humanity.
1.) If as a culture we changed the meaning of gender, how could we remove our already established understandings of gender?
2.) Could adaptions of literature into film or other mediums produce a change the structural understanding of literature McGowan desires? If so how?
5. Mike Maxwell
I would have to agree with Kit’s reading of Belsey. The form and content quote is a great pull. When thinking of my work conceptually, I include the craft and construction. I’m very interesting in the emanation of the work. Thus my interest in process art to an extent. When performing improvisation, I like to think of it as un-composed entirely and that I’ve simply learned the tools to construct. So the performance is the construction of a patch, of a soundscape and the deconstruction of that same material. This semester I had performed for the 558 studio course in this manner. Starting from nothing but the blank instruments and tools and built up the sound performance over time. While altering and demolishing components throughout.
Though, when I think craft, I think of Hobby Lobby decorative work, not really utility. I think of uninformed gluing and glitter and googly eyes. While craftsmanship leads me to quality, hard work, effort, respective of any medium. Perhaps the art* is the conceptual, or merely the fact that the creator took the time to think on their product.
Leave a Reply | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '1', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9631761908531188}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '58116', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:HC2UQLXSB5EX2IXDVLBAKJ6C3UFD6HCS', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:fcde2f67-4722-4a18-998d-98bff74dc338>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 11, 16, 21, 30, 19), 'WARC-IP-Address': '184.106.55.78', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:W5XYNEMZL5CDRVQP2SFTTALVEIPH2GJG', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:4370ecf3-ff3e-41da-afdd-3599b962b6bd>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.micheleleigh.net/teaching/mcma-531-critical-research-methods/class-schedule/week-3/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:5d09bd1c-9708-46e0-9594-d8f47458c70b>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1574', 'url': 'http://www.micheleleigh.net/teaching/mcma-531-critical-research-methods/class-schedule/week-3/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-47\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-188.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.07295429706573486', 'original_id': '0bc94e1e5e9b66ab622f129ca7422e1c791ebd0a78409c61d67d2af62fa3c3a5'} |
Novel synthetic coumarins that targets NF-κB in Hepatocellular carcinoma.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common malignant tumor worldwide, and is the third most common cause of cancer related death. Constitutive activation of NF-κB is the underlying mechanism behind tumorigenesis and this protein regulates the expression of genes involved in proliferation, survival, drug resistance, angiogenesis and metastasis. The design of inhibitors which suppress NF-κB activation is therefore of great therapeutic importance in the treatment of HCC. In this study, we investigated the effect of newly synthesized coumarin derivatives against HCC cells, and identified (7-Carbethoxyamino-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)methylpyrrolidine-1 carbodithioate (CPP) as lead compound. Further, we evaluated the effect of CPP on the DNA binding ability of NF-κB, CXCL12-induced cell migration and invasion, and the regulated gene products in HCC cells. We found that CPP induced cytotoxicity in three HCC cells in a time and dose dependent manner, and suppressed the DNA binding ability of NF-κB. CPP significantly decreased the CXCL12-induced cell migration and invasion. More evidently, CPP inhibits the expression of NF-κB targeted genes such as cyclin D1, Bcl-2, survivin, MMP12 and C-Myc. Furthermore, the molecular docking analysis suggested that CPP interacts with the p50 binding domain of the p65 subunit, scoring best among the 26 docked coumarin derivatives of this study. Thus, we are reporting CPP as a potent inhibitor of the pro-inflammatory pathway in Hepatocellular carcinoma. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '2936af7e817414c463f66dd61d9a5e2729cc83bcdc4299be7d47fb4aca14d602'} |
Over my career, I've helped build and deploy weapon systems, music videos, mainstream movies, pornography, firearms and sex toys. But when I co-founded Gateway, an accelerator for startups in the cannabis industry, many friends responded by saying, "I never thought you'd do a thing like that!"
If, like my friends, you grew up during the Nancy Reagan "Just Say No" era, the idea that the marijuana industry could be a positive force in society may seem preposterous.
It’s not preposterous at Gateway. Twice a year, 10 startups receive four months of mentorship and an investment of $30,000 in exchange for 5 percent. The startups range from payment-processing technology and genetics software to edible brands and distribution businesses.
The cannabis industry could reach $100 billion by 2029 in the U.S. alone. But the path to expansion isn't without obstacles for entrepreneurs struggling to build companies.
Like it or not, the rise of the cannabis industry is indisputable. By some estimates, it could reach $100 billion by 2029 in the U.S. alone. But 1980s sentiment lingers, and the path to expansion isn't without obstacles for entrepreneurs struggling to build companies.
Aside from the many legal-related risks directly resulting from federal prohibition, cannabis naysayers also construct barriers through the indirect means of social pressure. Many people confuse legality with morality, and view cannabis as "bad" simply by virtue of the fact that it's illegal in many places. This becomes clearer when considering public opinion of alcohol. Alcohol, by almost any definition, is more dangerous to public health and safety than cannabis. And yet, it's often celebrated and glamorized rather than condemned.
During a Q&A after a recent conference talk on entrepreneurship, an audience member angrily interrogated me about the cannabis industry.
"How can you possibly support people using a substance that alters their brain chemistry?" he demanded.
"Do you drink?" I asked.
"Yeah," he said, "scotch."
This irrational, emotion-based view of marijuana isn't just an inconvenience to those in the industry; it stifles legitimate research into the various medical uses of compounds from this complex plant. When someone asks me about medical uses for marijuana, I am forced to cite anecdotal data more often than would be the case for other industries. Aside from a handful of credible studies, the scientific community has generally shunned cannabis.
The resulting social pressure of the prohibitionists creates hurdles to normal business activities. One of Gateway’s early advisers, for example, was privately supportive, and offered to help in any way he could, including through investment.
"Just don't put my name anywhere on it publicly," he added.
He didn't want other business partners finding out about his involvement, for fear that they would stop doing business with him. It's even harder for typical cannabis startups.
If you're running a cannabis startup — or thinking of starting one — the keys to success will largely be the same as in any other industry.
Even subversives from within the industry generate flak for new cannabis ventures. These are often legacy black-market players, who for years have been operating illegally and remain comfortable with the concomitant risk. They fear competition from legal newcomers, and in protest even fund opposition to legalization efforts.
Similarly, there are many entrenched players in the legal market who hop in bed with every corruptible local politician they can find in an attempt to construct new regulations that give them state- or locally enforced monopolies, or at the very least build as many hurdles for new entrants as possible. It's Wall Street cronyism, but for cannabis.
Despite these obstacles, I intentionally made the choice to start funding, advising,and supporting cannabis startups because, at the end of the day, none of these naysayers — and nothing they can do — really matter all that much. The obstacles they are desperate to erect are like swarms of gnats buzzing around the space shuttle of market demand, fueled by a cannabis booster rocket.
If you're running a cannabis startup — or thinking of starting one — the keys to success will largely be the same as in any other industry. Here are a few additional rules I encourage Gateway’s own startups to follow:
Know the law. I don't recommend using a "cannabis lawyer" for your general legal work. They often don't understand startup issues, especially fundraising. However, you do need their input on business structure and operations to ensure that you're operating within the law, since Silicon Valley startup lawyers are usually unfamiliar with the quagmire and ambiguity of cannabis regulation.
Be "out." You don't have to spend your limited time on cannabis advocacy, but you should at least be supportive and stop hiding in the shadows. Grandma should know.
Work with people who already get it. Don't waste time trying to convince skeptics to accept the cannabis industry to get them to advise or invest in you. Maybe they'll change, maybe they won't; in any case, you don't have the time to squander on them.
As a cannabis startup, there are millions of ways to fail. Most of them will be the same as the ways startups in every other industry fail. Something unique to cannabis is the huge opportunity for success. No other industry is growing as quickly, and if you can break through or work around the barriers and ignore the critics, the potential is enormous.
Carter Laren is the co-founder of Gateway, a full-immersion business accelerator and seed investment program located in the birthplace of the cannabis industry. Reach him @claren. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'e82ab3d8f070f3394d63f53bc2ffd4119a32c9b4349576f5991b4969319a0b5c'} |
Now, the battle system looks turn-based and as traditional as it gets, but the developers have added in some interesting strategic variables to keep it from being completely business as usual. The first change comes in targeting: attacks all have a range of effect, depending on the special item or weaponry you're using, so attacking enemies for the best benefit requires slightly strategy RPG-like precision. Similarly, how you arrange your party also affects your defense, even healing items. Klein can whip up alchemical items on the fly, so having the right elements to do so is crucial, and can turn the tide of battle. You also have a bevy of other special attacks with each character, which keeps your options open.
The game's turn system also offers up chances to interrupt monster attacks and get extra ones of your own. Like Final Fantasy X, once your party increases beyond three members, you can also switch them in and out of battle on the fly, adding to the strategic possibilities. It's a surprisingly sound system in a game that initially seems so unambitious. It really works very well -- it won't turn the heads of RPG newbies with flash or dazzle, but old hands will appreciate the nuances the developers have worked in.
In short, Atelier Iris: Eternal Mana may not be a terribly original game, but it's full of things to make hardcore RPG fans' heads spin. It's a visual treat; it has extremely solid gameplay and an enjoyable story. While there's nothing new here, everything is crafted with care and the polish shines through. This is a game that, if you have the time in between the dozens of other stellar RPGs on the PS2, you will most likely enjoy. If you've been longing for a new Lunar or other old-school 2D RPG franchise to be revitalized for the PS2, then you most definitely should be giving Atelier Iris a look. It's a surprisingly solid package, and deeper than it looks on first or second glance. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '30', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9610057473182678}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '40154', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:HAY52UMWUQXPF4AYNVXKUMMKEQLOA45Z', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:4326c771-f7f0-4757-94a6-002461368641>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 10, 30, 18, 13, 58), 'WARC-IP-Address': '23.62.6.49', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:YV7MW6AGCXL5CROSFHNS3VSQ64Q24CST', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:2963c8cc-9036-4921-881a-b824bbeee1f9>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://ps2.gamespy.com/playstation-2/iris-no-atelier-eternal-mana/629709p2.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:765d46fd-f83d-4084-9b6a-b5dec847188c>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '336', 'url': 'http://ps2.gamespy.com/playstation-2/iris-no-atelier-eternal-mana/629709p2.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-16-133-185.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-42\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for October 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.10584986209869385', 'original_id': '45d05cf06671ec40289ccd302bf4fd4862d9bd0e63bf3f778693ab3345eda42d'} |
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the reality of our time and lives: the universities have made it possible for
an army to threaten a world. The extreme tyranny of “american power” that crept
out of World war 2, to threaten our entire planet was horrendous, as it
no man or nation is worthy to
control these weapons.
There must be
world law, and world policing: to make the leaders obey!
failure to do that establishes more tyranny, and absolutely no escape for life
on earth; world war is coming
again. One such preliminary attempt by
the American military, decades back: to
ONE. For the Starfish Prime test, a
rocket carried a 1.4 megaton nuclear bomb 400 kilometers above the Pacific
Ocean. It detonated with the force of 100 Hiroshima bombs (or about 1000 times
the power of the Argus tests). Over two
thousand nuclear bombs have been exploded, at least one with a reported force
of : 100 megatons. They blew up islands
and did do horrendous damage just to prove they could. “satan” has been building LIARS IN CHARGE,
ever sense. Satan, because the destruction
of this world IS without doubt: being
planned/ and waiting to be executed even today. As is consistent with DEATH
FIRST. Religious or not, its our
stated “we will go to the moon”/ while reality knows, this was merely a disguise
to build intercontinental missiles, to carry weapons of mass destruction. Missiles today, can easily carry ten 20
million ton explosives on each one. Meaning
just one missile can drop 200 million tons of destruction/ and without doubt,
that could easily be far less than reality allows. It ain’t no game/ and
America “ain’t no saint”.
The lasers will be the first
to operate in the exawatt scale‑‑a quintillion watts. That’s about a million
times more powerful than 10 billion 100‑watt lightbulbs. And a fourth
three. This is the laser that was theorized to be the most powerful laser
possible. EACH LASER CAN BE triangulated
escalation of “the cold war” coming back/ because these are intended to knock
down satellites..
Last month, a large European
nation placed an order for a pair of titanium–sapphire lasers. With an output
of 10 petawatts, each would be about nine times more powerful than the
strongest laser in existence today — capable of exploding the nuclei of heavy
The most powerful laser beam
short duration, approximately a trillionth of a second or one picosecond.
Values this large are
difficult to grasp, but we can think of it as a billion times more powerful
than a typical stadium floodlight or as the overall power of all of the sun’s
solar energy that falls on London. Imagine focusing all that solar power onto a
surface as wide as a human hair for the duration of a trillionth of a second:
that’s essentially the LFEX laser.
LFEX is only one of a series
of ultra‑high power lasers that are being built across the world, ranging from
the gigantic 192‑beam National Ignition Facility in California, to the CoReLS
laser in South Korea, and the Vulcan laser at the Rutherford Appleton
Laboratory outside Oxford, UK, to mention but a few.
There are other projects in
design stages – of which the most ambitious is probably the Extreme Light
Infrastructure, an international collaboration based in Eastern Europe devoted
to building a laser 10 times more powerful even than the LFEX.
Read more at:‑08‑world‑powerful‑laser‑trillion‑watts.html#jCp
the current has
been changed from “L.5 Total Liabilities and Its Relation to Total Financial
To remove the data involving
the USA/ and has been replaced with “assets and liabilities of the personal
Thereby hiding the truth, about counterfeiting; & what our employees have done, to this nation. GO TO‑content/uploads/2015/03/FRBZ1ReleaseL.pdf
or if you use,
it will still show up, but is no longer current.
USE TO SEE, one of their last releases, obeying constitutional
law. Proving at that time, the claim of
assets was $205 trillion dollars DIVIDED BY 8 billion people= $25,625.00 per
human face on the planet/ and the assertion of debt was $150.8 trillion
dollars. Divided by 100 million workers equals 1.5 million+ dollars per worker
“But then, if you were the
greatest thieves, in the history of humanity/ you would hide too”. Its not the people themselves/ it is the
university diplomas who took control, and spent all the money on themselves and
their toys! No surprise; they hide! They did this with a previous page of
information too. The US supreme court violated all trust and committed treason
to hide it as well, back in early 2008: when it was a case approaching their
court. “Liars/ traitors/ cheats/ and thieves” sums it up: until we get to
terrorists, as in threatening an entire planet with extinction. Again “no
surprise”, people who believe themselves to be “gods”, do it all the time.
thievery, fantasy, and failures/ there is no other way. I am aware of the costs to human lives/ but
the failure to resurrect reality and truth in all things: IS, THE END OF OUR
WORLD! You must simply endure, and do
your best. With redress, remodeling the
currency, can be as fair as it is possible to be: YOU, have a vote. Along with WE THE PEOPLE, decide now; as is
true democracy ENFORCED.
YOU, are required to remember, for decades, “I fought against this
reality of delusion of money, that was fighting to take over America”. EVERY single person confronted said to me, “I
DON’T care”/ and insisted, counterfeit or not, I can take these numbers and go
buy a new car, or whatever I want. And
it was so, until the game goes extinct:
and all the people cry, or go to war/ or fight for their democracy,
because now, they have no other choice.
I cannot make you choose “for life, or a future”/ only you can do that.
has replaced the American balance sheet.
Nonetheless, lets look at what they do now provide line one total
personal financial assets 65.340 trillion dollars/ divided by 315 million
citizens (babies and all) that equals $207, 429.00 per citizen in claimed
american dollars being held. If the money is counterfeit/ then you were paid
with nothing: which does make you, and us all;
a slave.. While the people who
counterfeit DO “live like kings and queens”/ taking anything they want. Including building university toys, for the
direct purpose of killing us all. Regardless what they claim, the evidence will
prove that is true. THEY DID, spend the
money: GO SEARCH for what they bought!
If they claim medicine for you/ it ain’t so: they simply refused to
lower the price, so the “government (you) could have the debt”. Its called EXTORTION.
Line 24 total personal liabilities $21.341 trillion dollars. This unlike an asset is the entire
responsibility of the worker approximately 100 million of us equals a personal
debt load per worker of $231,401.00 but that does not include the debts created
by all forms of government entanglement/ nor corporate, business, etc. Ain’t nobody pays the bill, but a
worker! We work for free/ as these
numbers can collapse in a single second, leaving us all with nothing/ but a
need to moderate and control what happens next.
means taking our employees to court, as the owners here/ WE, decide now!
In the essential reality of stopping extreme energy
experimentation, there are three steps! 1.
Make the public aware, force them to understand, as best you can.
2. Recognize and find these facilities
3. Organize
and demand: the electrical umbilical
cord that powers them SHALL BE REMOVED.
One way or the other/ preferably by the power company. Otherwise, it
will just be replaced, and they go on.
4. When stopped, IT IS TIME TO GO TO COURT/ AND
DECIDE AS A WORLD, if these experiments and any other that threatens our world,
can go on. If not/ then send them all,
“to the scrap yard”/ as quickly as possible; so they cannot start again.
Truth and value
exist in the finite world, of what can be law to govern our lives. Without law, there is no existence, because
chaos reigns instead. Without truth
thought cannot function, because there is no plane of ascension through
understanding, knowledge, wisdom, or love.
Without the distinction of value, as in this is worth living for/ worth
fighting for/ worth loving for; there is
no discovery of life itself.
Therefore we search for an infinite
curse, that is sex; dependent upon love.
What is infinite is “life without
understanding: thought CAN take you
wherever you desire to go. But it cannot
relationship is a construction of boundaries.
Even so, we come to this day in the
violation of every law necessary to life.
The valueless and horrifying experiments by university through
governments, that is death to our lives
and our world. Extreme arrogance
be formed from a university mind. Even
one example of that. Believing that an
atomic fire, “with just extinguish itself”:
IS BEYOND MAD, as in insane. It
fantasies without substance. Which means
their lies, foolishness, and failure:
their god of chaos, which is
SATAN”. A religious word, but it
understand: “to believe a ten million
degree fire/ that OBVIOUSLY is atomic based”
it is possible for anything on this earth to extinguish that flame either: because IT BURNS ATOMS! NO, “second chances”/ one ignition, and
you’re dead.
Liars and fools also exist: one group sounds like this. I don’t give a damn if it is counterfeit
money/ I CAN take these dollars down to the
store, and buy me a new Cadillac: so I
don’t give a damn, if you call it worthless.
I have proven you wrong!
However opposite that statement is the
fact: I said it was counterfeit, not
worthless until people refuse to take it anymore. In that day, every hour you spent/ every
sacrifice you made/ everything you are depending upon for your future,
DIES. Because the numbers prove it is
worthless/ thereby making you a slave, who sold his or her time for nothing
more than a dream.
Failures and idiots also exist: one such group says. I don’t give a damn about no fucking atomic
fire/ they said when the atomic bomb exploded “it might end this world”. And IT DIDN’T/ so you are wrong too!
However the opposite of that statement is the fact: an explosion is NOT THE SAME, as a fire! They share little, proving that what is instantaneous as in an explosion. Has nothing do to in fact, with what is FIRE! Even if they both involve atoms being broken. YOU KNOW, WHAT A FIRE IS!
HOWEVER, you truly cannot imagine what ten million degrees of heat on this planet will do. that is the price of ignition. that is the fundamental reality of “YOU DIDN’T CARE”. to your shame.
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Translate » | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '109', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8888499736785889}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '71448', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:FMGUPW3BBCKPHWVLIGHYFBNZJKEP5SNJ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:13a7fe59-0b2f-48cf-8fd5-837361ec1db3>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 11, 21, 19, 39, 24), 'WARC-IP-Address': '69.16.209.131', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:OGBNAAVVYSFXOAUKPRVSRKBHHJBRZR2F', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:c864fd11-0813-4d4a-aa10-7a8587362e26>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://justtalking5.info/2016/09/23/starfish/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:f3a3b5fe-700a-4013-a00e-95cdd5c552b5>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '2138', 'url': 'http://justtalking5.info/2016/09/23/starfish/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-47\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-5-198-138.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.15590643882751465', 'original_id': '57e6d5592a42bf177ff86df35877b55998aea33138f22a264b142b8881127dfa'} |
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Hack-A-Sat Quals Data Dump</title>
<link href='statdump.css' media='all' rel='stylesheet'>
<meta charset='utf-8'>
</head>
<body>
<div id='content'>
<nav>
<ul>
<li>
<a href='../teams.html'>All Teams</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href='../index.html'>Statdump Root</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
<h1>SECARMY</h1>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>score</th>
<td>
<em>none</em>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>registered at</th>
<td>2020-05-18 01:46:21 UTC</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2>Challenges</h2>
<h3>Space Cadets</h3>
<h4>
Lt Commander Data
(basic-file)
</h4>
<dl>
<dt>solved at</dt>
<dd>
<em>never</em>
</dd>
<dt>tickets (slug / created at / seed)</dt>
<dd>
oscar5186november
/
532228624570641507
</dd>
<dt>receipts (slug / connected at / redemptions)</dt>
</dl>
<h4>
Lt Starbuck
(basic-service)
</h4>
<dl>
<dt>solved at</dt>
<dd>
<em>never</em>
</dd>
<dt>tickets (slug / created at / seed)</dt>
<dd>
kilo33150tango
/
3927925529496584194
</dd>
<dt>receipts (slug / connected at / redemptions)</dt>
</dl>
<h4>
Capt Solo
(basic-handoff)
</h4>
<dl>
<dt>solved at</dt>
<dd>
<em>never</em>
</dd>
<dt>tickets (slug / created at / seed)</dt>
<dd>
echo68826whiskey
/
6739773650574118956
</dd>
<dt>receipts (slug / connected at / redemptions)</dt>
</dl>
<h3>Astronomy, Astrophysics, Astrometry, Astrodynamics, AAAA</h3>
<h4>
I Like to Watch
(beckley)
</h4>
<dl>
<dt>solved at</dt>
<dd>
<em>never</em>
</dd>
<dt>tickets (slug / created at / seed)</dt>
<dd>
sierra41463delta
/
908160840303092545
</dd>
<dt>receipts (slug / connected at / redemptions)</dt>
</dl>
<h4>
Attitude Adjustment
(attitude)
</h4>
<dl>
<dt>solved at</dt>
<dd>
<em>never</em>
</dd>
<dt>tickets (slug / created at / seed)</dt>
<dd>
yankee98680tango
/
7143139356861238263
</dd>
<dt>receipts (slug / connected at / redemptions)</dt>
</dl>
<h4>
Seeing Stars
(centroids)
</h4>
<dl>
<dt>solved at</dt>
<dd>
<em>never</em>
</dd>
<dt>tickets (slug / created at / seed)</dt>
<dd>
november58392mike
/
3177545552835644788
</dd>
<dt>receipts (slug / connected at / redemptions)</dt>
</dl>
<h4>
Digital Filters, Meh
(filter)
</h4>
<dl>
<dt>solved at</dt>
<dd>
<em>never</em>
</dd>
<dt>tickets (slug / created at / seed)</dt>
<dd>
foxtrot97531lima
/
15642244332587869396
</dd>
<dt>receipts (slug / connected at / redemptions)</dt>
</dl>
<h4>
SpaceBook
(spacebook)
</h4>
<dl>
<dt>solved at</dt>
<dd>
<em>never</em>
</dd>
<dt>tickets (slug / created at / seed)</dt>
<dd>
delta36804hotel
/
14733314204791321204
</dd>
<dt>receipts (slug / connected at / redemptions)</dt>
</dl>
<h4>
My 0x20
(myspace)
</h4>
<dl>
<dt>solved at</dt>
<dd>
<em>never</em>
</dd>
<dt>tickets (slug / created at / seed)</dt>
<dd>
hotel39064hotel
/
5986917334237406659
</dd>
<dt>receipts (slug / connected at / redemptions)</dt>
</dl>
<h3>Satellite Bus</h3>
<h4>
Magic Bus
(bus)
</h4>
<dl>
<dt>solved at</dt>
<dd>
<em>never</em>
</dd>
<dt>tickets (slug / created at / seed)</dt>
<dd>
oscar65094sierra
/
12291411436451270551
</dd>
<dt>receipts (slug / connected at / redemptions)</dt>
</dl>
<h4>
Bytes Away!
(patch)
</h4>
<dl>
<dt>solved at</dt>
<dd>
<em>never</em>
</dd>
<dt>tickets (slug / created at / seed)</dt>
<dd>
charlie2815foxtrot
/
12551473427560335386
</dd>
<dt>receipts (slug / connected at / redemptions)</dt>
</dl>
<h4>
Sun? On my Sat?
(sparc1)
</h4>
<dl>
<dt>solved at</dt>
<dd>
<em>never</em>
</dd>
<dt>tickets (slug / created at / seed)</dt>
<dd>
foxtrot11576tango
/
6291462296697757148
</dd>
<dt>receipts (slug / connected at / redemptions)</dt>
</dl>
<h4>
Monkey in the Middle
(chagford)
</h4>
<dl>
<dt>solved at</dt>
<dd>
<em>never</em>
</dd>
<dt>tickets (slug / created at / seed)</dt>
<dd>
juliet71421whiskey
/
8200118304144895547
</dd>
<dt>receipts (slug / connected at / redemptions)</dt>
</dl>
<h4>
Sun? On my Sat? Again?
(sparc2)
</h4>
<dl>
<dt>solved at</dt>
<dd>
<em>never</em>
</dd>
<dt>tickets (slug / created at / seed)</dt>
<dd>
oscar96532whiskey
/
4620227572922251262
</dd>
<dt>receipts (slug / connected at / redemptions)</dt>
</dl>
<h3>Ground Segment</h3>
<h4>
Track the Sat
(antenna)
</h4>
<dl>
<dt>solved at</dt>
<dd>
<em>never</em>
</dd>
<dt>tickets (slug / created at / seed)</dt>
<dd>
papa54913tango
/
7995679219256035254
</dd>
<dt>receipts (slug / connected at / redemptions)</dt>
</dl>
<h4>
Can you hear me now?
(verizon)
</h4>
<dl>
<dt>solved at</dt>
<dd>
<em>never</em>
</dd>
<dt>tickets (slug / created at / seed)</dt>
<dd>
hotel81787delta
/
17229533043693222619
</dd>
<dt>receipts (slug / connected at / redemptions)</dt>
</dl>
<h4>
Talk to me, Goose
(goose)
</h4>
<dl>
<dt>solved at</dt>
<dd>
<em>never</em>
</dd>
<dt>tickets (slug / created at / seed)</dt>
<dd>
kilo42588alpha
/
1579005173692941127
</dd>
<dt>receipts (slug / connected at / redemptions)</dt>
</dl>
<h4>
I see what you did there
(rbs_m2)
</h4>
<dl>
<dt>solved at</dt>
<dd>
<em>never</em>
</dd>
<dt>tickets (slug / created at / seed)</dt>
<dd>
november6067alpha
/
3620381479454961004
</dd>
<dt>receipts (slug / connected at / redemptions)</dt>
</dl>
<h4>
Vax the Sat
(vaxthesat)
</h4>
<dl>
<dt>solved at</dt>
<dd>
<em>never</em>
</dd>
<dt>tickets (slug / created at / seed)</dt>
<dd>
yankee92105tango
/
6359610040926200806
<em>was invalidated</em>
</dd>
<dd>
alpha48975quebec
/
7242243784601586110
</dd>
<dt>receipts (slug / connected at / redemptions)</dt>
</dl>
<h3>Communication Systems</h3>
<h4>
Phasors to Stun
(phasor)
</h4>
<dl>
<dt>solved at</dt>
<dd>
<em>never</em>
</dd>
<dt>tickets (slug / created at / seed)</dt>
<dd>
charlie69290mike
/
16875172172238477871
</dd>
<dt>receipts (slug / connected at / redemptions)</dt>
</dl>
<h4>
56K Flex Magic
(modem)
</h4>
<dl>
<dt>solved at</dt>
<dd>
<em>never</em>
</dd>
<dt>tickets (slug / created at / seed)</dt>
<dd>
charlie36660november
/
3899392984175074157
</dd>
<dt>receipts (slug / connected at / redemptions)</dt>
</dl>
<h4>
Phasors to Kill
(phasor2)
</h4>
<dl>
<dt>solved at</dt>
<dd>
<em>never</em>
</dd>
<dt>tickets (slug / created at / seed)</dt>
<dd>
zulu32016golf
/
15817426353983286130
</dd>
<dt>receipts (slug / connected at / redemptions)</dt>
</dl>
<h4>
Ground Control to Major Tom
(major_tom)
</h4>
<dl>
<dt>solved at</dt>
<dd>
<em>never</em>
</dd>
<dt>tickets (slug / created at / seed)</dt>
<dd>
golf8041bravo
/
15393538538976897053
</dd>
<dt>receipts (slug / connected at / redemptions)</dt>
</dl>
<h4>
Something's Out There
(nena)
</h4>
<dl>
<dt>solved at</dt>
<dd>
<em>never</em>
</dd>
<dt>tickets (slug / created at / seed)</dt>
<dd>
delta28056uniform
/
5010296025336235719
</dd>
<dt>receipts (slug / connected at / redemptions)</dt>
</dl>
<h3>Payload Modules</h3>
<h4>
That's not on my calendar
(monroe)
</h4>
<dl>
<dt>solved at</dt>
<dd>
<em>never</em>
</dd>
<dt>tickets (slug / created at / seed)</dt>
<dd>
bravo33539golf
/
10064261342563992509
</dd>
<dt>receipts (slug / connected at / redemptions)</dt>
</dl>
<h4>
SpaceDB
(spacedb)
</h4>
<dl>
<dt>solved at</dt>
<dd>
<em>never</em>
</dd>
<dt>tickets (slug / created at / seed)</dt>
<dd>
xray66620victor
/
8732877600590568676
</dd>
<dt>receipts (slug / connected at / redemptions)</dt>
</dl>
<h4>
Space Race
(spacerace)
</h4>
<dl>
<dt>solved at</dt>
<dd>
<em>never</em>
</dd>
<dt>tickets (slug / created at / seed)</dt>
<dd>
tango84704echo
/
10212441647683640862
</dd>
<dt>receipts (slug / connected at / redemptions)</dt>
</dl>
<h4>
Leaky Crypto
(leaky)
</h4>
<dl>
<dt>solved at</dt>
<dd>
<em>never</em>
</dd>
<dt>tickets (slug / created at / seed)</dt>
<dd>
yankee42537quebec
/
11898654595842442887
</dd>
<dt>receipts (slug / connected at / redemptions)</dt>
</dl>
<h4>
LaunchLink
(rfmagic)
</h4>
<dl>
<dt>solved at</dt>
<dd>
<em>never</em>
</dd>
<dt>tickets (slug / created at / seed)</dt>
<dd>
quebec35560oscar
/
9441247532704932947
</dd>
<dt>receipts (slug / connected at / redemptions)</dt>
</dl>
<h3>Space and Things</h3>
<h4>
Where's the Sat?
(jackson)
</h4>
<dl>
<dt>solved at</dt>
<dd>
<em>never</em>
</dd>
<dt>tickets (slug / created at / seed)</dt>
<dd>
hotel89492bravo
/
1967762283317683027
</dd>
<dt>receipts (slug / connected at / redemptions)</dt>
</dl>
<h4>
Don't Tweet That Picture
(tweet)
</h4>
<dl>
<dt>solved at</dt>
<dd>
<em>never</em>
</dd>
<dt>tickets (slug / created at / seed)</dt>
<dd>
papa75378golf
/
18294650999299678633
</dd>
<dt>receipts (slug / connected at / redemptions)</dt>
</dl>
<h4>
Good Plan? Great Plan!
(mission)
</h4>
<dl>
<dt>solved at</dt>
<dd>
<em>never</em>
</dd>
<dt>tickets (slug / created at / seed)</dt>
<dd>
india42561charlie
/
11723384345313502508
</dd>
<dt>receipts (slug / connected at / redemptions)</dt>
</dl>
<h4>
1201 Alarm
(apollo)
</h4>
<dl>
<dt>solved at</dt>
<dd>
<em>never</em>
</dd>
<dt>tickets (slug / created at / seed)</dt>
<dd>
november88812india
/
4089728466660808214
</dd>
<dt>receipts (slug / connected at / redemptions)</dt>
</dl>
<h4>
Rogue Base Station
(rogue)
</h4>
<dl>
<dt>solved at</dt>
<dd>
<em>never</em>
</dd>
<dt>tickets (slug / created at / seed)</dt>
<dd>
echo74783sierra
/
10353112648102291275
</dd>
<dt>receipts (slug / connected at / redemptions)</dt>
</dl>
<h2>Challenges solved</h2>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>category & tier</th>
<th>name</th>
<th>observed at</th>
<th>solved at</th>
<th>took</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2>Challenges observed</h2>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>category & points</th>
<th>name</th>
<th>observed at</th>
<th>solved</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
| the_stack | {'hexsha': '4de3f10f508ae5ab8595b18e0c6676e876e570f3', 'size': '9385', 'ext': 'html', 'lang': 'HTML', 'max_stars_repo_path': 'teams/960.html', 'max_stars_repo_name': 'cromulencellc/hackasat-qualifier-2020-stats', 'max_stars_repo_head_hexsha': 'd0ebe3ea4cb983b291a1eac0ff9a4eced473d87f', 'max_stars_repo_licenses': "['CC0-1.0']", 'max_stars_count': '2', 'max_stars_repo_stars_event_min_datetime': '2021-06-26T04:29:27.000Z', 'max_stars_repo_stars_event_max_datetime': '2021-07-09T09:48:33.000Z', 'max_issues_repo_path': 'teams/960.html', 'max_issues_repo_name': 'cromulencellc/hackasat-qualifier-2020-stats', 'max_issues_repo_head_hexsha': 'd0ebe3ea4cb983b291a1eac0ff9a4eced473d87f', 'max_issues_repo_licenses': "['CC0-1.0']", 'max_issues_count': '', 'max_issues_repo_issues_event_min_datetime': '', 'max_issues_repo_issues_event_max_datetime': '', 'max_forks_repo_path': 'teams/960.html', 'max_forks_repo_name': 'cromulencellc/hackasat-qualifier-2020-stats', 'max_forks_repo_head_hexsha': 'd0ebe3ea4cb983b291a1eac0ff9a4eced473d87f', 'max_forks_repo_licenses': "['CC0-1.0']", 'max_forks_count': '1', 'max_forks_repo_forks_event_min_datetime': '2021-01-26T07:16:40.000Z', 'max_forks_repo_forks_event_max_datetime': '2021-01-26T07:16:40.000Z', 'avg_line_length': '14.2629179331', 'max_line_length': '65', 'alphanum_fraction': '0.652637187', 'original_id': 'c0a01b6989965f22c46da5cf080dba734785096ac702a9b2186124625720c745'} |
'I feel like a different person': Sex assault survivor heals with dance
'I feel like a different person': Sex assault survivor heals with dance »Play Video
Roya Cohen dances with her instructor, Gleb Makarov.
KIRKLAND - When Roya Cohen steps onto the dance floor, she loses herself in the music and the motions. Less than a year ago, she'd never danced before.
Her dance instructor, Gleb Makarov of Infinity Dance in Kirkland, describes meeting Roya. "She was the most shy person which I saw in my life."
Now, Roya moves across the floor with beauty, grace and confidence. "Yeah, it's a big change," Makarov said. "Of course it's better to ask her what kind of change, but visually, what I see right now, completely different person."
Makarov helped bring out this new person when he gave Roya advice. "You need to be strong. You need to keep your space. Don't let me walk over you," Roya remembers him saying. He was talking about dancing. But what she heard was advice about life.
As a child, Roya was so shy, she didn't leave home schooling until her freshman year of high school. A short time after taking the plunge into public school, she was sexually assaulted - twice.
"That just made everything worse," Roya said. "I didn't want to go outside. Being around anyone, even family members, I just couldn't have them get too close to me."
Roya came to believe she was meant to be a victim, until she discovered she was a natural on the dance floor, where success depends on strength and respect. For Roya, that was empowering.
"Treat yourself with respect. Don't let people take advantage of you. It's easier when you're doing something you really enjoy to have that sink in," she said. "
Now she wants to share what she's learned - and how she learned it - with other victims of sexual assault.
"I think the biggest thing is confidence and making people feel empowered," she said. "When you realize that people don't control you, you're responsible for your own body, you're responsible for what you do, no one can make you do anything. You can work as a team with people, but no one can force you to do anything."
She's raising money for a nonprofit dance program. At Diamond Ballroom, girls 12 to 17 years old - who are already in therapy for sexual assault - will be able to get scholarships for dance class.
Roya hopes other girls will experience what she did.
"I feel like a different person," she said. "There's me before, and there's me now. If I hadn't started dancing, there's no way I would have made that transformation."
Roya is organizing a fundraising performance, featuring some of the best ballroom dancers in the country. The event will be held on Dec. 21. To help Roya's cause, you can make a donation on our Problem Solvers page. Just make a note that it is for Diamond Ballroom. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '3', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.97687828540802}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '70605', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:5SONZSG6DWQEIGCQZ3IWXT5IS5O5DMXU', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:92738443-01a6-4e1a-8818-0f342bf1ebf4>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2015, 2, 28, 17, 40, 28), 'WARC-IP-Address': '69.164.39.128', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:OEZ7VNTFHQOXU4RJZXVYM5SHUPXUVZDR', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:74d7935c-56fa-4e3c-b259-e1317479fd86>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.komonews.com/news/local/Dancing-therapy-after-assault-229951331.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:ba844a92-bde6-44ba-a0b1-4db930e9c336>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '478', 'url': 'http://www.komonews.com/news/local/Dancing-therapy-after-assault-229951331.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2015-11\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for February 2015\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.07404142618179321', 'original_id': '7f7ff1e6883406bb0c9da6f10e797ac1bd173575c56581c2cb9039342c649526'} |
Dustin Bowser: Ex-Pacific basketball star enjoying himself as rookie coach at Forest Grove
JD Humburg | By JD Humburg | The Oregonian
Follow on Twitter
on February 09, 2014 at 9:51 PM, updated February 09, 2014 at 10:30 PM
Bowser.jpgView full sizeDustin Bowser
Here's Dustin Bowser on his coaching philosophy:
"What I'm teaching my kids is that every day you need to come in and work hard. I'm asking you to work hard for a couple hours, and then you can go home and relax.
"And what I teach them is you have to work hard all the time. It doesn't matter whether you're in the classroom or playing basketball or whatever it is you're doing. Like, you can't just work hard at your job only half of the time. You have to work hard the entire time; otherwise, you'll be fired and somebody else will take your spot."
Basketball coach? Sounds more like life coach.
They're one and the same, according to the former Pacific standout.
"Basketball is just a game, and it's only a small section of your life that you actually get to play," Bowser said. "But there are things you can learn within basketball that you can carry with you for the rest of your life."
The 6-foot-8, 225-pound Bowser spent the previous two seasons as a shot-blocking forward for the Boxers. Before joining Pacific, however, he'd done some volunteer coaching for a year and, in his words, developed a passion for it.
"I noticed the kids would listen to me better than they'd listen to their actual coach," he said with a laugh.
As fate would have it, around the time Bowser was graduating with a degree in sociology from the nearby university, a coaching position opened up within Greg Evers' program at Forest Grove. Basketball interest was at an all-time high among local high school boys -- Evers' high-scoring, up-tempo attack no doubt played a role -- and Evers had a strong enough turnout that he decided to put together a fourth team.
That was great news for the program, but it left the Vikings scrambling to find another coach at the last minute.
It turns out Evers' freshman coach, Eddie Littlefield, has a nephew, Landon Littlefield, who plays at Pacific and happened to room with Bowser. It was through him that Bowser's name came to the surface.
Bowser jumped at the opportunity to lead the Vikings' JV II squad. That's not exactly an easy assignment, according to Evers.
"Those JV II teams, you're often dealing with kids that might be playing their first competitive basketball; I know he has a couple players in that boat," Evers said. "Plus, it's a difficult mix -- I mean, you're mixing juniors in with freshmen.
"There are some kids that don't know a lot about basketball, period, and he comes from playing at a college program and knowing all the little things, the more intricacies of the game. So, he's had to dumb things down a little and simplify things for the kids."
Nevertheless, Bowser said things couldn't be going better. His team had a .500 record through 10 games, and Bowser said he's enjoying every minute of it.
He's also learning what coaching is all about.
Dustin.jpgView full sizeBowser also assists at the university for which he starred, saying he wants to "give back" to a Boxers coaching staff that did so many good things for him.
"It's a slow process," he said. "You really want those kids to be at a certain point as far as skill level, but some take a little bit longer to learn things. You have to counterbalance your moods and how to talk to them and how to act with each of them.
"Some players don't do well, but then you yell at them and they do better. Other players, if I yell at them, they kind of put their head down and it doesn't help them. So, it's learning their skill levels and also how to address them, because each player needs to be handled differently."
In addition to his role with the Vikings, Bowser also is helping out at Pacific, trying to "give back" to a coaching staff he believes did so many great things for him. As part of his duties, Bowser helps the Boxers prepare for games by imitating upcoming opponents.
Bowser said on one hand, his dream is to someday be the head coach at a major university. But he wouldn't particularly care for the travel -- not to mention the job security, or lack thereof -- and so for him, coaching probably will remain a side job.
He's debating whether to pursue a career with Nike right away or enroll in graduate school and work toward an MBA. Either way, he wants to have the whole coaching thing down by the time he has kids of his own who are old enough to play.
As for the high schoolers he coaches now, Bowser sees potential in several. As Evers points out, it's not unheard of for an athlete to start at the JV II level and advance all the way up the ladder. The Vikings, in fact, have a player on their varsity squad this season -- Auston Clemens -- who was on Forest Grove's previous JV II team three years ago.
"That's the reason we put those teams together," Evers said. "Especially the freshmen -- they might not have hit that maturation point yet; they might grow four, five, six more inches and decide they really like basketball."
Bowser mentioned sophomore point guard Tyler Joramo and sophomore post player Griffin Torrence as two to watch on his roster. That's assuming, of course, they follow their coach's No. 1 rule and continue to work hard.
"Again, that's the one thing I always tell them," Bowser said. "You have to put in the extra time, you know?
"As much as I love coaching these kids, I tell every one of them I don't want to see them back at this level next year. I want them working hard and gaining experience so that they can be well-developed players and move up to better competition." | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '1', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.987503707408905}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '78571', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:Y3RFQDFUGLYHUDV7T3MVGFQIVZNQMIGJ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:ba89d1f0-995f-4b6b-b709-585ce751fa4a>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 8, 2, 4, 57, 14), 'WARC-IP-Address': '23.0.160.32', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:DPYYK2FYTLVZ6MIGX37A4EB6KR3DKPGY', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:57ce3863-c954-4ab9-9167-1b2348136e0a>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.oregonlive.com/forest-grove/index.ssf/2014/02/dustin_bowser_ex-pacific_baske.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:20773312-fec4-4836-b43b-f9105a341f52>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1001', 'url': 'http://www.oregonlive.com/forest-grove/index.ssf/2014/02/dustin_bowser_ex-pacific_baske.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-146-231-18.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-23\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for July 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.023933053016662598', 'original_id': '2b2e24fa79224e1d0cfd58d460b0b493d43e0733960d3458d5ad0128bfee641a'} |
From our 'it was only a matter of time' file comes the call over the weekend for the end of balloons.
Balloons, like just about everything these days, are bad for the environment and they need to be banned.
This follows, of course, hot on the heels of the single-use plastic bag.
Although they are not gone yet, it looks like there might be a bit of traction towards them being on the way out. We are seeing plastic-free aisles and supermarkets are promising the end of bags.
Or charging for bags, the noise has got loud enough for a certain amount action to now be underway.
It's certainly a lot more successful than the sugar tax debate. They would appear to be banging their head against a wall, whereas bags have a bit of momentum.
And this is the big thing that frustrates people like me who like to deal with fact as opposed to theory.
The trouble that bags cause isn't that big. No, they're not ideal for the environment - but of all the issues we have around rubbish, bags are a tiny percentage of them.
As I suspect are balloons. So what the zealots are after are symbols: the things that we can all relate to. Things that are part of our everyday lives.
It's like light rail - light rail doesn't solve anything transport wise, but it's a symbol for where they want to take us.
The trouble with the balloons is, of course, the fun factor.
Just how many things do you want to find to ban before those who are following this debate with a bit of sense finally say 'You know what - You're taking the mickey'.
Like carbon credits, carbon syncs and the international market for carbon, it's an invented solution that very few, if anyone, really understands.
And even fewer would be personally convinced that it's actually changed or changing a single thing.
Most of this is feel-good stuff. It's like giving to charity. You don't know how much of it ever gets where you thought it might, you don't even ask, but you feel good about doing it.
I am just not sure how many four-year-olds are going to be feeling as good when Mum and Dad tell them balloons are off. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.979921579360962}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '122643', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:T54BDT7NL6MWUJV7GZQE37I23O2PDCPU', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:f605bd3f-f57c-407f-b068-0b3fd61f1196>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 1, 19, 6, 34, 24), 'WARC-IP-Address': '23.47.145.152', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:6BFFZSYLY2YX5AG3WBOZCZZ62F3XO4ZP', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:a722930a-ac75-4d19-938a-3749bdeabecd>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.nzherald.co.nz/recycling/news/article.cfm?c_id=614&objectid=12051549&ref=rss', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:cc391800-58e4-422f-b1df-50553e61a9b6>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '379', 'url': 'https://www.nzherald.co.nz/recycling/news/article.cfm?c_id=614&objectid=12051549&ref=rss', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-04\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for January 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-152-117-40.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.42244213819503784', 'original_id': '671df359f62cccc2927cc92b471330b99ffaa979d244e82c45c337b11424fe3e'} |
Q:
LINQ query does not load into data grid
I want to load an XML into a DataGridView and correlated the changes from the datagridview to the XML file (CRUD). I've tried various methods, I'm trying to find the best, I've got the XML to load and display correctly and save the changes by iterating through the entire DataGridView and create a new XML document, but that requires a lot of processing. How can I do this in a simpler manner?
I was thinking at loading the XML file into memory within an XDocument and operate the changes from the DataGridView upon that on an Edit_EventHandler so that when I want to save the changes I don't have to parse the entire GridView again. I've tried using LINQ but the query does not load into DataGridView:
string path = @"D:\WorkData\users.xml";
xmlDoc = XDocument.Load(path);
var q = from item in xmlDoc.Descendants("client")
select new
{
Name = item.Element("ID").Value,
Mail = item.Element("email").Value
};
dataGridView1.DataSource = q.ToList();
and the XML:
<?xml version='1.0'?>
<clients>
<client ID='0000100000' email='email0@mail.com'/>
<client ID='0000100001' email='email1@mail.com'/>
</clients>
A:
What you are trying to access are Attributes not Elements. Your query is probably throwing an exception, least its not returning any results that why you don't see anything in your GridView. Use the following query to get Attribute values.
var q = from item in xmlDoc.Descendants("client")
select new
{
Name = item.Attribute("ID").Value,
Mail = item.Attribute("email").Value
};
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '7f589e255612c6fa36e9006e19404515c3a6f848eb3f9678836c103a6a937a82'} |
■f There appears to be no record of the appointment of the Lecture for these year*, although it is not unlikely that Mr. Vince, from the circumstance of his delivering the Lectures of the preceding and following years (both in continuation on the same subject), was regarded as the appointed Lecturer ; and that his Lecture of 1797 was understood to be the result of his researches on the subject, and to embody the Lectures of the years in question. Digitized by Google BAKERIAN LECTURE. 39 « 1799. By the Rev. Samuel Vincb, M.A. (?) 1800. By Thomas Young, M.D. " On the Mechanism of the Eye." Phil. Tran*. 1801. 1801. By THOMAS YoUNG, M.D. Minutes of Council, Vol. VIII. p. 187. " On the Theory of Light and Colours." Phil. Trans. 1802. 1802. By William Hyde Wollaston, M.D. Minutes of Council, Vol. VIII. P . 210. " Observations on the Quantity of Horizontal Refraction ; with " Method of measuring the Dip at Sea." Phil. Trans. 1803. 1803. By Thomas Young, M.D. " Experiments and Calculations relative to Physical Optics." Phil. Tran.. 1804. 1 804. By the Rev. Samuel Vincb, M.A. Minute* of Council, Vol. VIII. p. 238. " Observations on the Hypotheses which have been assumed to " account for the cause of Gravitation from Mechanical Principles." Journal Book, Vol. XXXVIII. p. 334. 1 805. By William Hyde Wollaston, M.D. Minutes of Council, Vol. VIII. p. 258. « On the Force of Percussion." Phfl. Tran*. 1806. t > 1 806. By Sir Humphry Davy, Bart. Minute* of Council, Vol. VIII. p. 273. " On some Chemical Agencies of Electricity." Phil. Tran*. 1807. 1 807 . By Sir I Il mphby Davy, Bart. Minute* of Council, VoL VIII. p. 292. a On some new Phenomena of Chemical Changes produced by Digitized by Google 40 BAKERIAN LECTURE. » " Electricity, particularly the Decomposition of the fixed Alkalies, and " the Exhibition of the new Substances which constitute their Bases." Phil. Tran». 1808. 1808. By Sir Humphry Davy, Bart. Minute, of Council, Vol. VIII. p. 303. " An Account of some new Analytical Researches on the Nature " of certain Bodies, particularly the Alkalies, Phosphorus, Sulphur, " Carbonaceous Matter, and the Acids hitherto undecompounded ; with " some general Observations on Chemical Theory." Phil. Trans. 1809, pp. 39, 450. 1809. By Sir Humphry Davy, Bart. Minute, of Council, Vol. VIII. P . su. " On some new Electro-Chemical Researches, on various objects, " particularly the Metallic Bodies from the Alkalies and Earths ; and " on some Combinations of Hydrogen." Phil. Trans. 1810. 1810. By Sir Humphry Davy, Bart. Minute, of Council, Vol. VIII. P . »43. " On some of the Combinations of Oxymuriatic Gas and Oxygen, " and on the Chemical Relations of these Principles to Inflammable " Bodies." Phil. Trant. 1811. 1811. By Sir I Iumphry Davy, Bart. (?) 1812. By WILLIAM II YOB WollaSTON, M.D. Minutes of Council, Vol. IX. p. 30. " On the Elementary Particles of certain Crystals." Phil. Tran*. 1813. 1813. By William Thomas Brands, Esq. Minute, of Council, Vol. IX. p. 43. " On some new Electro-Chemical Phenomena." Phil. Tran*. 1814. Digitized by Google BAKERIAN LECTURE. 41 1814 -) to }• 1818. J 1819. By William Thomas Brande, Esq. Minutes of Council, Vol. IX. P . 210, 249. " On the Composition and Analysis of the inflammable gaseous " Compounds resulting from the destructive distillation of Coal and " Oil ; with some Remarks on their relative heating and illuminating Phil. Trans. 18S0. 1820. By Captain HBNRY KaTER. Minutes of Council, Vol. IX. p. 243. " On the best kind of Steel, and form, for a Compass Needle." Phil. Trans. 1821. 1 82 1 . By Captain Edward Sabinb, R.A. Minutes of Council, Vol. IX. p. 283. " An Account of Experiments to determine the Amount of the Dip " of the Magnetic Needle in London, in August 1821 ; with Remarks " on the Instruments which are usually employed in such determina- " tions." Phil. Trans. 1822. 1822. » 1823. By John F. W. Hbrschel, Esq. MA. " On certain Motions produced in Fluid Conductors when transmit- " ting the Electric Current." Phil. Trans. 1824. 1824.1 # 1825. J * There appears to be no record of the appointment of the Lectures for these years. F Digitized by Google 42 BAKERIAN LECTURE. 1826. By Sir Humphry Daw, Bart. Minutes of Council, Vol. X. P . 250. " On the Relations of Electrical and Chemical Changes." Phil. Train. 1826. 1827. By George Pearson, M.D. Minutes of Council, Vol. X. p. sol. " Researches to discover the Faculties of Pulmonary Absorption " with respect to Charcoal." Journal Book, Vol. XLV. p. 201. 1828. By William Hyde Wollaston, M J). Minute* of Council, Vol. X. p. scs. " On a Method of rendering Platina malleable." Phil. Trans. 1829. 1 829. By Michael Faraday, Esq. Minute* of Council, Vol. XI. p. 63. " On the Manufacture of Glass for Optical Purposes." Phil. Tram. 1830. 1830. * • No Minute of appointment. Digitized by Google CROON IAN LECTURE.* DAME LADY SADLEIR, of Broad Street, Londonf, by an Instrument referred to in her Will, and annexed thereto, dated September 25, 1701, and proved in the Prerogative Court, No- vember 6, 1706, directed One Fifth of the Clear Rent of " the " King's Head Tavern in or near Old Fish Street, London, at the " corner of Lambeth Hill," to be vested in the Royal Society, for the support of a Lecture and illustrative Experiment " for the " Advancement of Natural Knowledge," — on Local Motion, or (conditionally) on such other subject as, in the opinion of the Pre- sident for the time being, should be most useful in promoting the objects for which the Royal Society was instituted. • The epithet Croonian, which has been hitherto (with a few exceptions) applied to this Lecture, instead of that of Sadtcirian, to which injustice to iu Founder it seems to be entitled, appears to have originated in the misconception of the Council, in supposing Dr. Croone to have founded by his Will a Lecture on Muscular Motion, which at his widow's death would come under their appointment ; and in consequence of this supposition, on being informed of Lady Sadleir's decease, they immedi- ately directed Dr. Harwood to inspect Dr. Croone's Will, and " appointed Sir Hans Sloanc and " Dr. Tyson as a Committee to wait upon the College of Physicians concerning Dr. Croone's Legacy." (Minutes of Council, Vol. II. p. 150.) Having mistaken Dr. Croone as the Founder of the Lecture, they also mistook its nature and conditions ; and instead of regarding it, as founded by Lady Sadleir, for promoting the general objects of the Society, they conceived it to be confined to the subject of Muscular Motion only : and the error, thus established, appears to have been continued through subsequent years. (Croonian Lectures, pattim; and especially Dr. Wollaston's for 1803.) An examination of the original Will of Lady Sadleir, as well as that of Dr. Croone, having been recently made at Doctors' Commons, with the assistance of Mr. Few, the Solicitor of the Society, it appears conclusive that this Lecture was stricdy and independently founded by Lady Sadleir, without the least reference being made by her to the supposed design of Dr. Croone ; and in Dr. Croone's own Will not the slightest allusion is made by him to his having any such design or intention. f Then Wife of Sir Edwin Sadleir, of Temple Dinsley, in the county of Hertford, Baronet F2 Digitized by Google 44 CROONIAN LECTURE. " The Instrument mentioned in the Will of me Damb Mary Sadleir, " the late Relict of Dr. William Croone,* and Daughter of John " Lorymer, Esq. late Alderman of the City of London, for the settling " A Lecture for the Advancement of Natural Knowledge on the Royal " Society, at Gresham College, London. " The profits of the Estate designed to erect these lectures shall he " for ever for, or to, the Royal Society for the Advancement of Natural " Knowledge, for the maintaining a Lecture or Discourse of the Nature " and Property of Local Motion, and the application of the Doctrine " thereof to explicate the causes and reasons of the Phenomena ; every " such Lecture and Discourse to he accompanied always, and joined " with an Experiment proper for it. And at the Meeting hefore the " day of every such Lecture, the President shall, just upon the rising " of the Society, give them a Public Notice, that such Lecture or " Discourse, accompanied with such an Experiment, shall be made the " next day ; and the Clerk shall prepare a page fairly written to the " same effect, in large characters, to be posted up within the Room of « the Society's Meeting a little before they come on the said day of " reading. The said Discourse and Experiment to be the time of one " whole hour. " And, whereas, it is there supposed that the President hath know- " ledge before-hand of this Discourse and Experiment, it shall likewise " be understood that lie shall also approve it before-hand ; else some " other to be provided to his liking, and such as he shall approve to be " useful for the ends of the Society s institution. " Of such Lectures or Discourses, together with their Experiments, " there shall be Five within the space of one year, or so many as the • Lady Sadleir, by other Instrument* annexed to her Will, vested the remaining four-fifth* of the Clear Rent, in the Royal College of Physicians, for Lecture* with Dissections, to take place on three successive day* in each year, on the Muscle* and on the Brain and Nerves ; and for a Sermon at Bow , Church, and afterwards a dinner, on the day after the conclusion of the Lectures : the money, in case of failure, to be paid to the poor of the parish. She also founded the Algebra Lectures, as recom- mended by Dr. Croone, to be delivered in term time at Emmanuel, King**, St. John'*, Sidney, Trinity, and Jesus' Colleges, Pembroke Hall, Queen's, and Peter's College*, in Cambridge ; which were com- menced in 1710. Digitized by Google CROOXIAN LECTURE. 45 " revenue or income will hold oat to do ; the particular days for these " to be such as the President and Council shall appoint : there being, " to be a present of respect or thanks, — to any person that will please " to make such a Discourse and Experiment, about the sum of Forty " Shillings,*— and it is intended as no other. The charge of every " Experiment to be defrayed by the Society itself. " Every Lecture and Experiment to be delivered in, fairly written, " to the President to be entered into the Register of the Society, or " printed if they shall think it convenient. So many Lectures as shall " be wanting of the said Five within one year, so many equal portions " or shares of the yearly income or profit of the said Fifth Part of the " said Messuage to go to the Poor of the Parish in which the Society " meets for the time : but it is hoped that such care will be taken that " the said Five Discourses and Experiments shall be duly made every " year. " And if such Society should cease to be (which I pi-ay God may " never come to pass), then the said Fifth Part of the said Messuage " and profits thereof shall go to the College of Physicians in London, " and they to reserve the whole for as many Chemical Lectures, together " with a proper and fit Experiment in Chemistry, (Ike.) " Both the said Society and College may either assign some one able " person to be a constant Reader for as long as they shall please, or else " appoint and nominate out of their own body several men to read " at several times, yet with the conditions and limitations of non- " performance as aforesaid. " Founded by Dame Mary Sadleir, Relict of Dr. William Croone, r " and Daughter of John Lorymer, Esq." (Signed) Mary Sadleir. 1 709, February 23. Part of Lady Sadlcir's Will being read, the Treasurer was directed * The rent of the house at that time being £50, the Society's share (one-fifth) was £10 for the fire Lecture* of the year. The sum at present received annually by the Iloyal Society from the Royal College of Physicians as the Fifth Part of the Clear Rent is £3, the house having in 1 780 been leased, as Dr. Thomas Turner, Treasurer to the Royal College of Physicians, has had the kindness to state, for a term of ninety-nine years to a Mr. Moreland, at a ground-rent of £15 per annum. Digitized by Google 46 CROONIAN LECTURE. " to take care that a proper Assurance should be made to the Society " for this Legacy, and a proper person employed to draw such Convey- " ance." Minutes of Council, Vol. II. p. 160. 1720, February 24. The Council were informed that Sir Edwin Sadleir, to whom during his life the profits of the Estate on Lambeth Hill were paid, was re- cently deceased. , Vol. II. p. 252. 1723, November 30. The Society offered to join the College of Physicians in compelling the Executors " to assign to the purposes in Lady Sadlcir's Will." Vol. II. p. 274. 1730, April 16. The College of Physicians obtained a Decree in Chancery (dated Feb. 25, 1728-9) in confirmation of their own and the Society's right to the house; and the Society contributed their share (one-fifth) of the expenses of repairs to the house and of the Law-suit, remaining after the deduction of the rent. Minute* of Council, Vol. III. p. 41. 1739, June 23. The College of Physicians informed the Council that they were dis- posed to make over their right and property in the house to the Royal Society, and sent a message " that the President of the Royal Society " be acquainted that the College arc of opinion to get rid of Lady " Sadleir's Donation." The Council of the Royal Society having "some doubts arising " concerning the powers in the College for transferring their right " proposed a Conference on the subject at a Joint Committee of the two Bodies. Minutes of Council, Vol. III. p. 207. Digitized by Google CROOXIAN LECTURE. 47 1739, August 20. The President informed the Council of the result of the Conference with the Committee of the College of Physicians ; that " some doubts " arose in points of law about the way of rendering it (the transfer " of trust) practicable ; whereby nothing further could be done at that " time but to assure the College, that the Society were ready to accept " of the trust, if the College could but find how it was to be transferred " with security." Minute* of Council, Vol. III. p. 209. Kote.— This Lecture,— as founded by the Relict of the first Register to the Royal Society, in 1660, before it* incorporation, while it consisted only of the few, but illustrious names of Brouncker, Boyle, Wilkins, Petty, Wren, Evelyn, Wallis, Oldenburg, Barrow, and other immediate successors of Lord Bacon, and ardent cultivators of " the new experimental philosophy," who met weekly in Greabam College,— may be regarded as being coeval with the Society's first formation and establishment ; and cannot fail at the present day to be considered as one of its most valuable foundations : and the enlightened conditions which Lady Sadleir's disinterested seal for tike promotion of Science and her warm attachment to the Royal Society led her to adopt, cannot be viewed without considerable interest, as she intended them to be such only as would preserve the spirit and value of the Lecture, without fettering the Society in its application. 1. The objects of the Lecture are made those of the Society itself, the designation of the Society (" for the Advancement of Natural Knowledge") being adopted as its title. «. The payment to the Reader is to be considered as a purely honorary reward, " a present of respect and thanks, and no " other : " — and to prevent the defeat of this object, the sum is not to be allowed to aggrandize itself by being hoarded, nor in the failure of good Lectures the appointment to be forfeited, but the ori- ginal amount is to stand over for appropriation when suitable occasions present themselves, 3. To prevent the Lecture from becoming the vehicle of unsubstantial theories, it is strictly enjoined that an Experiment shall accompany every Lecture. 4. To obviate the Lecture's being at any time merely nominal, it is expected that the time occupied in its reading and experimental illustration shall not be less than one hour. 5. And no expenses, either original or consequent, are to be imposed on the Society, but the benefaction is to be paid to them, for ever, clear and unencumbered. Digitized by Google APPOINTMENT OP THE READING OF THE CROONIAN LECTURE. 1 738. By Alexander Stuart, M.D. Minute* of Council, Vol. Hi. pp. 200, 211, 248. " On the Motion of the Heart, founded on some Anatomical Obser- " vations and Experiments," and illustrated by " divers Preparations of " the Heart, with some Draughts and Machines to explain the Dispo- " sition of the Muscular Fibres, with the manner of acting in the " Systole and Diastole of the Auricles and Ventricles."* Journal Book, Vol. XVI. p. 144. PhU. Trans. Vol. 40, Supplement; Vol. 41. p. 675. 1739. By Frank Nicholls, M.D. " An Enquiry into Muscular Motion."+ Journal Book, Vol. XVIII. p. 70. 1740. By Alexander Stuart, M.D. " On the Peristaltic Motion of the Intestines." Journal Book, Vol. XVIII. p. 227—9. Note. — It was the custom, for many years after the establishment of the Lecture, for the authors themselves to read their Lectures to the Society. (Journal Book, Vol. XX. pp. 153, 223.) * Dr. Mortimer (Secretary) " apprized one of the Sheriffs of the City of London, of the Society's " Right by their Charter to have a Body from the Gallows at every Execution ; and informed him, " that, as Bodies might be wanting in the course of this Lecture, the Council were now resolved to " make demand thereof, as occasion required." (Minutes of Council, Vol. HI. p. 200.) f Consideration of Muscles in their Natural State. Digitized by Google CROONIAN LECTURE. 49 1740. By Alexander Stuart, M.D. " Microscopical Observations on several parts of live Frogs." Journal Book, Vol. XVIIF. p. 290. 1741. By James Douglas, M.D. " Description of the several Muscles, Membranes and parts belong- " ing to the Uvula of the Palate, and concerned in ite action ; as also " of the several parts subservient to the uses of the Tuba Eustachiana." I Book, Vol. XVIII. p. S77. 1742.* (By James Douglas, M.D.) Description and Structure of the Human Bladder, with the Uses of its Muscles and Membranes. Book, Vol. XVIII. p. 419. 1744. By James Parsons, M.D. Minutes of Council, Vol. DL p. 1 " An Introductory Discourse on Muscular Motion."^ Journal Book, Vol. XIX. pp. 164, 195. Phil. Tram. Vol. 43. Journal Book, Vol. XIX. p. 202.- Phil. Trans. Vol. 43. 1745. By James Parsons, M.D. " On Muscular Motion." 1 746. By Jambs Parsons, M.D. Minutes of Council, Vol. III. PP . 334, 343. " Description of the several Muscles of the Face ; with their paiti- " cular Functions and Uses." J Journal Book, Vol. XX. pp. 153, 155. Phil. Trans. Vol. 44, Part I. Supplement. • Mr. William Douglas (son of the late Dr. Douglas) exhibited to the Society the intended for the illustration of the Croonian Lectures of this year by his late lather, and meots on the subject he at the same time stated to the Society. t The Lecture revived, " the deficiency of the Fund being made good by the J Human Physiognomy. G Digitized by Google 50 CROONIAN LECTURE. 1747. By Browne Languish, M.D. Mimim of Cowml, Vol. III. P . 34*. " On the Theory of Muscular Motion "* Journal Book, Vol. XX. pp. £23, 233, 236. Phil Trans. Vol. 44. Part II. Supplement. 1750. By Jambs Parsons, M.D. Minutes of Council, Vol. IV. P . 29. On Muscular Motion. Journal Book. Vol. XXI. p. 357. 1751. By James Parsons, M.D. Minuica of Council, Vol. IV. P . 43. " Critical Remarks upon the Motion and Uses of the Human Pelvis." Journal Book, Vol XXI. p. 641, 652. \Hl } Not recorded. 1754 -J to > By Charles Morton, M.D. Minute* of Council, Vol. IV. p. igs, 189 : I7S8.J and Annual 'Accounts. 176u} Notrec orded. 1761. By Charles Morton, M.D. (?) 1762 ^ to V Not recorded. 1774.J Jligj By John Hunter, Esq. Minutes of Council, Vol. VI. p. 283, 335. 1777 to > By John Hunter, Esq. Minutes of Council, Vol. VI. p. 310. 1781. J " On the Construction and Application of Muscles and the Power by " which they are actuated." Journal Book, Vol XXXI. p. 194 : and Annual Accounts, 1781. • Founded oti the principle of an clastic nervous fluid. CROONIAN LECTURE. 51 1 782. By John Hunter, Esq. Minutel of Council> Vo , m p ,, 0 " On the Density and FinnneM of a Muscle as contributing to its « Strength and Agility." Journal Book, Vol. XXXI. p. 194. 1783. Not recorded. 1784. By FOART SIMMONS, M.D. Minute* of Council. Vol. Vll. p. its. " On the Irritability of the Muscular Fibres." Journal Book, Vol. XXXI. p. 642. 1785. By Edward Whittaker Gray, M.D. Minute, of Council, Vol. VII. P . 21 1. An Examination into Haller's Theory of Muscular Motion. Journal Book, Vol. XXXII. p. 259. 1786. By EDWARD WhittaKBR Gray, M.D. Minutes of Council, Vol. VII. p. 245. " On the Effects of different kinds of Salts applied as Stimulants on " the Muscles." Journal Book, Vol. XXXII. p. 468. 1787- By GroRGB FORDYCK, M J). Minute, of Council, Vol VII. p. 266. " On Muscular Motion." PhU. Trans. Vol. 78. P . 23. 1 788. By Sir Gilbert Blane, Bart. Minute, of Council, Vol. VII. P . 296. On the Nature of the Muscles, and on the Theory of Muscular Motion. Journal Book, Vol. XXXIII. p. 268. 1 789. By Sir William Blizard, Knt. Minute, of Council, Vol. VII. p. sis. On the Theory of Muscular Motion. Journal Book, Vol. XXXIV. p. 9. 1 790. By Sir Everard Home, Bart. Minute, of Council, Vol. VII. p. 346. " On the Mechanism employed in producing Muscular Motion." Journal Book, Vol. XXXIV. p, 200. c. 2 Digitized by Google 54 CROONIAN LECTURE. 1 806. By JOHN PEARSON, Esq. Minutes of Council, Vol. VIII. p. 267. " Remarks on Muscular Power, and on some of the circumstances " by which it is increased, diminished or finally abolished." Journal Book. Vol. XXXIX. p. 176. 1 807- By Sir Anthony Carlisle, Knt. Minute, of Council, Vol. VHL P . 277. " On the Natural History and Chemical Analysis of the substances u which constitute the Muscles of Animals." Journal Book, Vol. XXXIX. p. 451. 1 808. By THOMAS YOUNG, M.D. Minutes of Council, Vol. VIII. p. 295. " On the Functions of the Heart and Arteries."* Phil. Trans. 1809. 1809. By William Hyde Wollaston, MJ>. Minutes of Council, Vol. VIII. p. 321. Observations on the Mode of Action of Voluntary Muscles, and on the causes which derange, and assist, the Action of the Heart and Blood Vessels.f Phil. Trans. 1810. 1810. By Benjamin Collins Brodie, Esq. Minute* of Council, Vol. VIII. p. 3*7. " Physiological Researches, respecting the Influence of the Brain on " the Action of the Heart, and on the Generation of Animal Heat." Phil. Trans. 1811. 1812 } recor< ^ e ^- 1813. By Benjamin Collins Brodie, Esq. Minutes of Council, Vol. IX. p. 37. " On the Influence of the Nervous System on the Action of the " Muscles in general and of the Heart in particular. Journal Book, Vol. XLI. p. 347. * On their muscular and clastic powers. t On the duration of voluntary action— on sea-sickness — and on the advantages of riding, or other modes of gestation, compared with actual exertion. Digitized by Google 1814 1 to > Not recorded. 1816. J CKOONIAN LECTURE. 55 1817. By Sir Everard Home, Bart. Minutes of Council, Vol. IX. P . is 5. " On the Changes the Blood undergoes in the act of Coagulation." Phil. Traiw. 1818. 1818. By Sir Everard Home, Bart. Minute* of Council, Vol. IX. p. 179. " On the conversion of Pus into Granulations, or new flesh." Phil. Tram. 1819. 1819. By Sir Everard Home, Bart. Minute, of Council, Vol. IX. P . sos. " A further Investigation of the component parts of the Blood." Phil. Trani. 1820. 1820. By Sir Everard Home, Bart. Minute* of Council, Vol. IX. P . 243. " Microscopical Observations on the following subjects. On the " Brain and Nerves ; showing that the Materials of which they are " composed exist in the Blood. On the Discovery of Valves in the " branches of the vas breve, lying between the villous and muscular " coats of the Stomach. On the Structure of the Spleen." Phil. Trans. 1821. 1 82 1 . By Sir Everard Home, Bart. Minute* of Council, Vol. X. p. 89. " On the Anatomical Structure of the Eye ; illustrated by Microsco- " pical Drawings, executed by F. Bauer." Phil. Trans. 1822. 1822. By Francis Bauer, Esq. " Microscopical Observations on the suspension of the Muscular « Motions of the Vibrio Tritici. Phil. Trans. 1823. Digitized by Google 56 CROOXIAN liECTl'RK. 1823. By Sir EvERARD HOME, Bart. Minutes of Council, Vol. X. p. 47. " On the Internal Structure of the Human Brain, when examined in " the Microscope, as compared with that of Fishes, Insects and Worms." Phil. Trans. 1824. 1824. By Sir Everard Home, Bart. Minutes of Council, Vol. X. p. 87. " On the existence of Nerves in the Placenta." Phil. Trans. 182 5. 1 825. By Sir Everard Home, Bart. Minutes of Council, Vol. X. p. 211. " On the Structure of a Muscular Fibre from which are derived its " Elongation and Contraction." Phil. Trans. 1826. 1826. By Sir EvBRARB Home, Bart. Minutes of Council, Vol. X. p. 250. " An Enquiry into the mode by which the Propagation of the Species " is carried on, in the Common Oyster, and in the large Fresh-water " Muscle." Phil. Trans. 1827. 182". By Sir Everard Home, Bart. Minute* of Council. Vol. X. p. 301. " On the Muscles peculiar to Organs of Sense in particular Quadru- " pcds and Fishes." * ^ Journal Book, Vol. XLV. p. 143. 1 828. Not appointed. 1829. By Sir Everard Home, Bart. Minutes of Council. Vol. XI. P . 63. " A Report on the Peculiarities met with in the Stomach of the " ZarifTa." Journal Book, Vol. XLV. p. 580. 1830. Not appointed. • The tongue of the Camelopardalis Giraffii, and the eye of the Cobitis anableps. FAIRCHILD LECTURE. THOMAS FAIRCHILD, of Hoxton, in the Parish of St. Leonard Shorcditch, Gardener^ bequeathed, by bis Will, dated February 21, 1728, and proved in the Prerogative Court, October 13, 1729, the sum of Twenty-Five Pounds, to be placed at Interest for the ]>ay- ment of Twenty Shillings annually for ever, for the preaching of a Sermon in the Church of that Parish, in the Afternoon of the Tuesday in every Whitsun week in each year, on the following subject, viz. " The Wonderful Works of God in the Creation ; or " On the Certainty of the Resurrection of the Dead proved by " Certain Changes of the Animal and Vegetable jxarts of the Crea- " tion." 1746, June II. Archdeacon Denne and Cornelius Wittenoom, Esq., the Trustees of Mr. Fairchild, having by a voluntary subscription* collected a suffi- cient sum to enable them, with the original Legacy, to purchase jglOO Stock in the South Sea Annuities, " were willing and desirous to invest " the Society with the charge of the said trust, after their death, if the * Subscription Roll, dated May 15, 1733. Among the subscribers are Sir Hans Sloane, Lord Charles Cavendish, Dr. Alexander Stuart, and Dr. James Douglas ; and the sum collected being insufficient, Archdeacon Denne afterwards added £29 out of the money he had received for preaching the Lecture during fifteen years. H Digitized by Google 58 FAIRCHILD LECTURE. " Society would think fit to accept of it. To which end, a Deed or " Instrument, in declaration of the said trust, being read, the Council " approved thereof, and consenting to accept of the Trust, desired the " President to return the Society's thanks to the two Trustees." Minute* of Council, Vol. III. p. 340—1. 1767, December 15. Archdeacon Denne's Executor delivered in to the President and Council the Trust already accepted by them. Minutes of Council, Vol. V. pp. 214, 291. Note The Trustees appointed by the Will of Mr. Fairchild, were the Trustees of the Charity Children of Hoxton, and the Church Wardens of Su Leonard's ; and, " in case default should be " made in preaching of the said Sermon," the Legacy of Twenty Five Pounds to become forfeited to the Church Wardens of St. Giles's Cripplegate, and the Legacy paid over to them for its original Digitized by Google • -1 ,r APPOINTMENT OF THE HEADING OF THE FAIRCHILD LECTURE. 1/68 *. By the Rev. Henry Stebbinc, D.D. Morning Preacher at Gray's Inn. Minute* of Council, Vol. V. pp. 297-9, 303-8«.t 1769 1 to >By the Rev. Thomas Morell, D.D. Rector of Buckland, Hertfordshire. Minutes of Council, Vol. VI. pp. 27, 71, 99, 132. 1773. By the Rev. John Lichtfoot, M.A. Rector of Gotham, Nottinghamshire. Minutei of Council, Vol. VI. p. 169. • The Rev. John Joseph Ellis, M.A., the present Lecturer, has had the kindness to the parochial records of St. Leonard'*, a list of the Readers of the Lecture before the was transferred to the Royal Society. 17S0. Rev. John Denne, D.D., Vicar of St. Leonard's. 1731. Rev. Henry Whcatlcy, Lecturer of St. Leonard's. 1 732. Rev. John Bridgen. 1733 T to >Rcv. John Denne, D.D. 1758.J 1759 T to VRcv. William Stukcley, M.D., Rector of St. George's, Queen Square. 1761. J 1762. Rev. John Vade, Vicar of Croydon. 17C3. Rev. William Stukcley, M.D. 176*. Rev. Michael Marlow, M.A. 1765. Rev. John Vade. 17C6. Rev. Anselm Baylcy, LL.D. 1767. Rev. Henry Owen, M.D., Rector of St. Olavc's. t The Rev. Dr. Owen was first solicited by the President to deliver the Lecture, but declined. H 2 Digitized by Google 62 DONATION FUND. Additional Contributions to the Donation Fund. Davibs Gilbert, Esq. M.P., V.P.R.S. late President*. One Thousand Pound* Three per cent. Consols. Henry Warburton, Esq., M.P. F.R.S. One Hundred Guineas. Charles Hatchett, Esq., F.R.S. late Vice-President. One Hundred Guineas. John Gi/illbmard, Esq., F.R.S. One Hundred Pounds. Francis Chantrey, Esq., R.A. F.R.S. One Hundred Guineas. PALLADIUM AND PLATINA. The late Dr. Wollaston presented to the President and Council of the Royal Society, December 7, 1828, a quantity of Palladium (74 ounces), requesting the favour that they and their successors would " act as his Trustees in distri- " buting from time to time such portions as they may think proper to such " authors of chemical papers which either have been, or hereafter may be, read " to the Society, as may appear to the President and Council deserving of " such reward and, " should they see occasion, use or distribute apart of the " Palladium in aid of Chemical Experiments on the said metal." Three Ingots of double-refined Platina (45 oz. 4dwts. 12 grs.) were after- wards added, " to be applied to any scientific purpose to which the President " and Council may think proper to devote themf." Minutes of Council, Vol. XI. p. 6. • On the understanding that Dr. Wollaston's Declaration of Trust is strongly recommendatory as to the mode in which the Interest arising from the Fund should be employed, but not absolutely binding on the Society in respect to its application. (Official Circular.) t A Committee was appointed, Jan. 22, 1829, to consider the mode of applying these metals. Lieutenant Leopold von Nehus, of the Royal Observatory of Altona, being engaged, by the ap- pointment of Professor Schumacher, in a comparison of the Standard Weights of England and Den- mark, in 1829, offered to adjust at the same time for the Royal Society on accurate copy of the Imperial Unit Pound of the House of Commons ; and this offer of Lieut. Nchus being accepted by the President and Council, Mr. John Cary was furnished with 15ox. 17dwts. of the Platina for the purpose of preparing a weight of the requi&ite form. (Min. of Counc. Vol. XI. p. 5+.) THE END. Digitized by Google APPENDIX. Digitized by Google MEDALS. General Regulations. Honorary Rewards. — " I am well aware that a diversity of opinion exists respecting " the advantages which arc likely to be conferred upon Science by a frequent " distribution of medals. It is said that they must either confirm or contradict the " judgement which has been either already pronounced, or which Posterity will " most certainly hereafter pronounce, upon the merits, pretensions, and influence " of the discoveries or series of investigations which such medals arc designed to " commemorate : that in the first case they can confer no additional honour upon " their author, whose rank has already been ascertained and fixed by the sentence " of a higher tribunal, while, in the second, they can only tend to compromise the " character of the scientific body by whose advice they arc conferred. It is true " that I would not claim infallibility for the united judgement of any association, " or of any body of men, however eminent their scientific rank may be : but it is " the peculiar privilege of the great masters of Science, (and more particularly so " when acting or speaking as a body,) to be able to anticipate, though not without " the possibility of error, the decision of Posterity, and thus to offer to the ardent " cultivator of Science that highest reward of his labours, as an immediate and " well assured possession, which he might otherwise be allowed silently and " doubtingly to hope for, but never be permitted to see realized : and though " some powerful minds might be content to entrust the complete development of " their fame to the fulness of time, and might pursue their silent labours under " the influence of no other motives but such as arc furnished by their love of " truth, the gratification derived from the discovery of the beautiful relations of " abstract science, or from the contemplation of the agency of a Divine Mind in " the harmonies and constitution of the physical world, yet it is our duty and " business to deal with men as we find them constituted, and to stimulate their B 2 Digitized by Google 4 MEDALS. " exertions by presenting to their view honourable distinctions attainable by " honourable means ; to assure them that the result of their labours will neither " pass unnoticed nor unrewarded ; and that there exists a tribunal to which they " may appeal, or before which they can appear, whose decision is always for " honour, and never for condemnation. " It is for these reasons, Gentlemen, that I feel myself justified in expressing " my opinion that the power possessed by your Council of conferring honorary " rewards is a most salutary power, provided it be exercised boldly, impartially " and diligently ; and that it may greatly promote the taste for scientific pursuits " in this country, by presenting a more immediate prospect than would otherwise " exist, of a public and distinguished recognition of any valuable discovery, or " of the completion of any important and laborious course of investigation."— Atuutenary Address of II. R. H. The Duke of Sussex, K.G. P.R.S. Journal Book, Vol. XL VII. p. 106. Printed Proceedings, p. 218. 1827, November 19. The Awards of the Medals in future to be announced to the persons to whom they shall have been made, by letter from one of the Secretaries, in which the words of the award shall be stated. Council Minutes, Vol. X. p. 308. 1831, October 24. " At a meeting of the Council in October of each year, persons may be proposed " as deserving the honour of the Medals to be awarded by the Society ; and the «' awards shall be decided upon at some meeting of the Council in November, held " after an interval of not less than three weeks from the Meeting at which such " persons have been proposed as candidates for the Medals."— Report of Committee. Council Minutes, VoL XI. p. 251. 1833, June 13. . The Award of each Medal to be recorded in the Philosophical Transactions published after such Award. Council Minutes, Vol. XII. p. 59. Digitized by Google ( 5 ) COPLEY MEDAL. 1831, October 24. " The Copley Medal shall be awarded to the living author of such philosophical " research, either published or communicated to the Society, as may appear to the " Council to be deserving of that honour." " 2. The particular subject, or subjects, of research, on account of which the " Medal is awarded, shall be specified in making the award." '« 3. No limitation shall exist either as to the period of time within which that " research was made, or to the particular country to which its author may belong." " 4. The Copley Medal shall not be awarded to any person who is a Member " of the Council at the time when the Award is made." " 5. The Medal may, as formerly done, be given more than once to the same " person, if the Council deem it expedient so to mark the high sense of the merit " of the author." " 6. The Medal shall, as far as circumstances will admit, be awarded annually." — Report of Committee. 1834, November 6. Persons allowed to be in future proposed for the Copley Medal at any Meeting of the Council ; but the award to be made only at a Council in November, there being an interval of at least three weeks between such proposal and the award. AWARDS. 1831. To Professor George Biddell Airy, of Cambridge. " For bis Papers, * On the principle of the construction of the " Achromatic Eye-pieces of Telescopes,* — ' On the Spherical Aberra- " tion of the Eye-pieces of Telescopes,' and for other Papers on Optical " Subjects in the Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society." Minutes of Council, Vol. XI. p. Si9. Printed Proceedings, p. 88. Philosophical Transactions, 1832. Council Minutes, Vol. XI. p. S78. Printed Proceedings, p. 89. 6 COPLEY MEDAL. RUM FORD MEDAL. 11 1832. To Professor Michael Faraday, D.C.L.,— of the Royal Institution of Great Britain. For his discovery of Magneto-Electricity as detailed in his Ex- perimental Researches in Electricity, published in the Philosophical " Transactions for the present year." Council Minute., Vol. XI. p. 836. Printed Proceedings, p. 156. 1832. To the Baron Simeon Dbnis Poisson, of Paris. " For his work entitled, ' Nouvelle Theorie de l'Action Capillaire.' " Council Minutes, Vol. XI. p. 336. Printed Proceeding*, p. 157. 1833. Not awarded. 1834. To Professor Giovanni Plana, of the Royal Observatory of Turin. " For his work entitled, ■ Theorie du Mouvement de la Lune.'" Council Minute*, Vol. XII. p. 138. RUM FORD MEDAL. 1834, November 6. Persons allowed to be in future proposed for the Rumford Medal at any meet- ing of the Council ; but the award to be made only at a Council in November, there being an interval of at least three weeks between such proposal and the award. Minutes of Council, Vol. XII. p. 135. AWARD. 1832. To Professor John Frederick Danikll, of King's College, London. " For his Paper, entitled, * Further Experiments with a new Re- " gister Pyrometer, for measuring the expansion of Solids,' published " in the Philosophical Transactions for 1831." (Awarded January 10, 1833.) Council Minute., Vol. XII. p. 21. Digitized by Google ROYAL MEDAL. ROYAL MEDAL. 7 1833, November 30. " ^Tien I last had the honour of addressing you, it was a source of pride and " happiness to me to be empowered to announce to you the gracious intentions of " His Majesty to continue to the Royal Society the Annual Grant of two Gold " Medals, which had been previously conferred on the Royal Society by his " Royal Predecessor. " It must be well known to you, Gentlemen, that these Royal Medals were not " adjudged during the two first years that I presided over the Royal Society; " and as there exist many circumstances connected with the original grant and " distribution of those Medals, as well as causes leading to their temporary dis- " continuance, with which the Fellows may not be generally acquainted, I trust " that I may be allowed to enter into some details respecting them. " His late Majesty King George the Fourth announced, towards the close of " the year 1825, through the medium of the Secretary of State for the Home " Department (Sir Robert Peel), his gracious intention of founding two Gold " Medals, of the value of Fifty Guineas each, to be annually awarded as honorary " premiums, under the direction of the President and Council of the Royal " Society, in such a manner as should, by the excitement of competition among " men of science, seem best calculated to promote the objects for which the Royal " Society was originally instituted. This munificent gift of the Patron of the " Royal Society was of course accepted by the President and Council with every " expression of gratitude for so valuable an addition to their means of promoting " the interests of science ; and it was resolved that, in conformity with His « Majesty's Commands, the Royal Medals should be adjudged for the most " important discoveries or series of investigations completed and made known to " the Royal Society in the year preceding the day of their award ; that their " presentation should not be limited to British subjects ; and that His Majesty's " effigy, if such should be the Sovereign's pleasure, should form the obverse of " the Medals ; and that two medals from the same die should be struck upon each " foundation, one of gold and the other of silver. Digitized by Google s ROYAL MEDAL. " Upon proceeding to the distribution of the Medals, it was found that the " limitation of time which these Resolutions fixed was of such a nature as to " interfere most materially with the proper observance of the object proposed to " be secured by their foundation; and the period was therefore, with His Majesty's " sanction, extended to five years : in accordance with this arrangement the " Medals continued to be awarded until the year 1830, inclusive, when the demise " of His late Majesty took place, and in which year I had the honour of being " elected to fill the Chair of the Royal Society. " Mr. Chantrey, to whom in conjunction with Sir Thomas Lawrence, was " intrusted the selection of the subject for the Medal, furnished the cast for the " medallion of the head of His late Majesty, which was to form the obverse of it, " while Sir Thomas undertook to compose the design for the reverse. Unfortu- " nately, that distinguished artist, cither from over-delicacy or over-anxiety to " produce a work of art worthy of the object for which it was intended, or from " that spirit of procrastination which was unhappily too common with him, delayed " its execution from year to year, and died without leaving behind him even a " sketch of his ideas respecting it, though the character of such a design as would " be at once classical and appropriate to the purpose, was the subject of frequent " conversation, and even of favourite speculation with him. From these and other " causes, to which it is not necessary for me now to advert, it arose, that, at the " demise of His late Majesty, although the adjudication of ten Medals had been " formally made and announced from the Chair of the Royal Society, not even the " dies, much less the Medals, were forthcoming for the purpose of distribution to " the various distinguished persons, some of them foreigners, to whom they had '* been awarded. | common_corpus | {'identifier': 'bub_gb_cbtLAAAAcAAJ_2', 'collection': 'English-PD', 'open_type': 'Open Culture', 'license': 'Public Domain', 'date': '1834.0', 'title': 'Report on the Adjudication of the Copley, Rumford and Royal Medals and Appointement of the Bakerian, Ero Nian and Fairchild Lectures. London, Taylor 1834', 'creator': 'James Hudson', 'language': 'English', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '7582', 'token_count': '10903', '__index_level_0__': '20153', 'original_id': '96e22964c480c5d8e20b09db502cad7985304bfe354e082ce54f310bce746c4e'} |
Proposal: regular expressions (or wildcards) in selectors
From: Alan Plum <ashmodai@mushroom-cloud.com>
Date: Tue, 16 Mar 2004 12:35:01 -0500 (EST)
Message-ID: <40573972.5040402@mushroom-cloud.com>
To: www-style@w3.org
Especially with browsers which for some reason do not understand how to
handle elements with multiple classes in HTML, some people wish there
was a way to have some kind of wildcard in an ID or class selector.
Allowing regular expressions would possibly help a little.
*[class=regexp(/myclass-(a|b)[0-9]+/)] {
/* ... */
This would match any element with a class of "myclass-a" or "myclass-b"
followed by any amount of digits.
This might however result in parsing errors with older browsers and thus
not be backwards compatible.
For now a wildcard character would be enough, eg:
.myclass-a~5 {
/* ... */
*[class=myclass-a~5] {
/* ... */
for any class that begins with "myclass-a" and ends with a 5.
As this wildcard would have to be a symbol which does not occur
elsewhere, it couldn't break the stylesheet for older browsers.
If it hadn't been made publically available with the errata of the last
version, the character _ (underscore) could serve this purpose.
Alan Plum
Received on Tuesday, 16 March 2004 12:37:28 GMT
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Blood groups and other genetic markers in New Zealand Europeans and Maoris.
Genetic data on the frequency of various red-cell antigens and enzymes as well as polymorphic protein markers from New Zealand European and Maori populations are outlined. Despite widespread intermarriage between races in New Zealand there was, in nearly all systems tested, a significant difference in the frequency of genetic markers. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'e77ee53f164babf714134ddf8164f00ace1096d043a0fe9fad8f6df29aac6759'} |
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Tobacco Control
Tob Control. 2011 May; 20(Suppl_2): ii12–ii19.
PMCID: PMC3088463
Menthol cigarettes and smoking initiation: a tobacco industry perspective
To determine what the tobacco industry knew about menthol cigarettes and the initiation of smoking.
Based on Food and Drug Administration staff-supplied research questions we used a snowball sampling strategy to search the Legacy Tobacco Documents Library (http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu) between February and April 2010. Of the approximately 11 million documents available in the LTDL, the iterative searches returned tens of thousands of results. Researchers reviewed 2634 documents and 128 were deemed relevant to one or more of the research questions.
The documents show that menthol is added to cigarettes in part because it is known to be an attractive feature to inexperienced smokers who perceive menthol cigarettes as less harsh and easier to smoke and because of their availability from friends and family. Second, the tobacco industry found that some youths smoke menthols because they perceive them to be less harmful than non-menthol cigarettes. A key product design issue concerns whether to increase brand menthol levels to appeal to the taste preferences of long-term menthol smokers or keep menthol levels lower to appeal to inexperienced smokers. Marketing studies showed that the companies carefully researched the menthol segment of the market in order to recruit younger smokers to their brands. The industry tracked menthol cigarette usage by age, gender and race to inform product development and marketing decisions.
Menthol is a prominent design feature used by cigarette manufacturers to attract and retain new, younger smokers.
Keywords: Menthol, smoking, tobacco industry, young adults, African Americans
There are few studies about menthol cigarettes and smoking initiation by youths. Even though the vast majority of smokers start before age 18, most surveys about initiation do not distinguish between using menthol and non-menthol cigaretttes.1 2 Confirming earlier research by Hersey et al,3 in 2009 the NSDUH Report stated that novice smokers (those who began smoking in the past year) smoke menthols in greater proportion than more experienced smokers (44.6 vs 31.8%, respectively).4 A 2010 analysis by Fernander et al found that menthol smokers are more likely to be female, younger and from ethnic minority groups.5 Using data from the 2005 National Health Interview Survey linked with the Cancer Control Supplement, Cubbin et al did not find that menthol cigarettes encourage the uptake of smoking, but given the disproportionate preference for menthol cigarettes by certain demographic groups, the marketing of menthol cigarettes ‘may be responsible for enticing the groups least likely to smoke into this addictive behaviour’.6
The tobacco industry has geared advertising campaigns for both menthol and non-menthol cigarettes towards youths in order to attract new smokers.7 8 Existing research based on industry documents have addressed some of the reasons why youths may be attracted to menthol, in particular, and how that attraction changes over time. Kreslake et al9 10 showed that tobacco companies knew that for new or younger smokers menthol ‘masks the harshness and discomfort of inhaling smoke’ and smokers prefer a greater proportion of menthol to tobacco as they age. Sutton and Robinson's analysis of Lorillard's marketing strategy for its popular menthol brand, Newport, pointed to the company's use of images and copy embodying ‘youthfulness, silliness and fun’7 to attract younger smokers.
Three studies using industry documents and three based on consumer publications as a data source show how the industry targets African American communities. Gardiner11 has thoroughly analysed many factors, mainly perpetuated by the industry, that contribute to the disproportionate use of menthol cigarettes by African Americans, although he does not specifically address initiation on the individual level. One industry tactic is advertising disproportionately in African American magazines.12–14 (The industry also advertises heavily in Latino magazines, although to a lesser extent)14 Anderson concluded that manufacturers of menthol cigarettes, ‘particularly Kool and Newport, aggressively targeted young Black populations with socially relevant messages of ingroup identity’.15 And Balbach et al's analysis of RJ Reynolds' ill-fated introduction of Uptown, a menthol cigarette, further documents the targeting of African American communities to increase menthol cigarette sales.12
This previous research using industry documents clearly demonstrates that the industry was aware of a preference for menthol cigarettes by novice smokers as well as women and African Americans (overlapping categories) and that they exploited these proclivities to attract and keep loyal users. This paper, specifically focusing on how menthol affects initiation, strengthens these claims by adding more depth to the evidentiary base: over 40 additional documents were found that provide more details and nuance to our understanding of how and why menthol is used by novice smokers.
In this qualitative research study of the digitised repository of previously internal tobacco industry documents, a snowball sampling design was used to search the Legacy Tobacco Documents Library (LTDL, http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu).16 We systematically searched the LTDL between 23 February 2010 and 8 April 2010, utilising standard documents research techniques as described in detail in this supplement by Anderson's paper on research methodology.17 These techniques combine traditional qualitative methods with iterative search strategies tailored for the LTDL dataset.18
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) supplied research questions, including ‘Does menthol make it easier for young or new/inexperienced smokers to start smoking cigarettes?’, ‘Did current smokers start smoking menthol cigarettes before switching to non-menthol cigarettes?’ and ‘Did the tobacco industry market menthols to the youth market and what images did they use?’ Based on these questions initial keyword searches combined terms related to: menthol, initiation, ‘young adult’, ‘younger adult’ and ‘starter product’. This first set of keywords and phrases resulted in the development of further search terms and combinations of keywords (eg, ‘smoking behaviour’, Kool, Newport, Salem, candy, ‘soothing effect’ and irritation). Documents from all US and international companies were searched although the focus was on menthol use in the USA; document dates were not limited.
Of the approximately 11 million documents available in the LTDL, the iterative searches returned hundreds of thousands of results. Researchers reviewed 3184 documents and a final group of 128 documents were deemed relevant to one or more of the research questions. Memos were written to summarise the relevant documents to identify the representative 50 documents that are cited in this paper.
Yes, tobacco company business records confirm that menthol is among the design features that companies use to make smoking more attractive to inexperienced, primarily youthful, smokers who find menthol flavoured cigarettes to be less harsh and easier to smoke, more accessible from friends and family or perceive them to be less harmful to their health.
As early as the 1960s, tobacco companies conducted studies of smokers that included data about menthol cigarettes. At that time, menthol cigarettes were not particularly associated with youth smoking. A 1961 Philip Morris study about cigarette packaging made no mention of menthol in connection with inexperienced smokers; rather, it found that people viewed menthol cigarettes as more commonly smoked by adult women and ‘a change of pace’ product for men.19
A 1962 RJ Reynolds smoker survey did collect data on age and discovered that a large majority (72%) of men and women under age 21 had ever smoked menthols and that female smokers under 21 preferred them more than male smokers of the same age (31% vs 11%).20
In the mid-1970s the tobacco manufacturers started conducting focus groups designed specifically to learn why people started smoking menthols. Motivations for obtaining these data varied. Sometimes it was because they were contemplating the introduction of a new menthol brand or brand extension,21–23 other times it was to refine their existing menthol product(s) and/or marketing strategies24–26 and in some cases it was because they wanted to know why a competitor's menthol market share was growing.27
Concerned about the movement towards menthol use among young people and how that movement might affect their Marlboro franchise, Philip Morris commissioned a study of African American and white smokers under age 24, including an ‘under 18’ age group (without specifying a minimum age). The study confirmed that menthol was popular among young smokers.28
The trend towards menthol use among the young, coming as it did during a time when health concerns about smoking were rising, was encouraging to those companies with large share-of-market menthol products because they understood that it was these new, young customers who would grow into loyal consumers in the future.29–31 They poured resources into investigating how and why people chose menthols when they were starting to smoke. Some of the studies found that new smokers chose menthol cigarettes because they were easier to smoke, reinforcing the evidence identified by Kreslake.10
For example, a 1986 RJ Reynolds memo about a possible new low-level menthol cigarette validated the common popular perception that it takes effort to acclimatise oneself to inhaling smoke.
First-time smoker reaction is generally negative:—foreign taste;—harsh/bitter;—adoption requires slow acclimation. Initial negatives can be alleviated with a low level of menthol:—reduces harshness/bitterness;—takes edge off flavour;—previous taste experience;—traditional and maintains integrity.23
This memo echoed reasons cited in an earlier 1972 RJ Reynolds focus group of young African American smokers that a menthol cigarette, ‘is almost invariably regarded as milder than other types, easier on the throat’.32 Summarising opinions from a 1973 RJ Reynolds study (probably of younger smokers because of references to drug use in the document), advertising agency William Esty Co wrote:
First of all, mentholated cigarettes are considered relatively mild. While some brands are ‘strong’ in comparison to other mentholated brands, all brands are seen as ‘mild’ compared to non-mentholated brands. The mentholated cigarette is perceived as soothing in its effect on the throat, a smooth, cool, smoking sensation compared with a harsh, irritating sensation produced by non-mentholated cigarettes.…
Several respondents report that they can smoke a mentholated cigarette the first thing in the morning whereas doing this with a non-mentholated cigarette produces unpleasant results, smoking a mentholated one does not.33
Three years later, in 1976, a focus group of 18–25 year olds conducted for RJ Reynolds reiterated that they chose menthol after rejecting the ‘hot and harsh, dry, chalky’ taste of non-menthols.27 A 1978 Lorillard study of 18–20-year old African Americans in Charleston, South Carolina again confirmed that ‘Initially (a) menthol cigarette tastes better: (they have a) continuing desire for (the) cool, refreshing taste of menthol over (the) harsh, burning taste of non-menthol’.25
A 1979 Philip Morris study (people surveyed were age 18 and over but it did not focus on young adults in particular) made a distinction between ‘taste’ and ‘effects’ in the choice of a menthol brand:
The key effects that seem to appeal to menthol smokers are menthol's perceived: Cooling effects; Clean, antiseptic effects; Slightly numbing, anaesthetic effects; Heady, lifting effects
Menthol seems to have some of the properties of a drug, which attract its likers, but repel other smokers.34
A 1981 RJ Reynolds study also found that effects or sensations played a role.24 But it was not just taste, effect or sensation that propelled youths or young adults to smoke menthol cigarettes. The major tobacco companies found a social basis to explain why young smokers used menthol cigarettes—peer or familial influence. Young people under age 18 have a more difficult time purchasing cigarettes and are more likely to share cigarettes obtained from older friends and siblings. If their friends smoke menthols then that is the type of cigarette that is more easily available to them. A report from a 1975 Lorillard focus group of African American and white menthol smokers noted the importance of social factors in their decision to smoke menthols, saying they ‘elected to smoke menthol because someone in their family smoked a menthol brand, or close friends smoked a menthol brand, at the time that they began to smoke’.35
The Charleston focus group report, referred to earlier, reiterated that ‘as far as the prime influences on them regarding their first brand selection:—What their friends smoke is key.—To be ‘in’, smoke what friends smoke.—Easy accessability (sic)/‘bumming’ very common.—What family members smoke provided ‘free’/easy access’.25 A 1984 Lorillard study of menthol smokers similarly found that
One-half of the respondents smoked a menthol brand as the initial brand they tried because it was the brand that was available in the home or available from friends.… Two-thirds of both the male and female respondents reported that they began buying menthol cigarettes when they first began purchasing cigarettes for themselves, and almost always cited peers as the major influence in their selection of menthol cigarettes at the time.26
While the tobacco companies cited ease of smoking and peer/family influences as the predominant reasons why youths smoke menthol cigarettes, in the early 1970s, Philip Morris and RJ Reynolds both found that certain people smoked them because they believed it enhanced the smoking of marijuana.32 36 37 This connection may have been a passing phenomenon but it was still being reported in the 1990s.38
Some manufacturers viewed the decision to smoke menthols as a random or unconsidered event. For example, a 1972 qualitative study of young African American smokers conducted for RJ Reynolds reported that before becoming confirmed menthol smokers the choice of a mentholated cigarette is very often not a conscious choice of this particular type of cigarette.
That is, among our panel members, the mentholated cigarette appeared to be regarded as one of a number of possible alternatives, mentholated and unmentholated. In most cases, there appeared to be no deliberate decision to smoke a mentholated rather than an unmentholated brand; it was simply one of a number of choices.32
Imperial Tobacco, Canada's largest tobacco company, also endorsed this view that the initial use of menthol cigarettes was ‘largely a matter of circumstance rather than deliberation’. Imperial was also interested in knowing why people choose menthol cigarettes. In a focus group study of adult smokers in 1982 they found that
The means by which people gravitate towards menthol cigarettes, perhaps more than is the case for other choices in the tobacco market, is to a large extent haphazard. It is not, that is, a conscious or deliberate choice. Often, trial of a menthol is occasioned by a cold. It is almost axiomatic among the smoking fraternity that the onset of a head cold is the signal to switch to a menthol, at least for temporary relief.39
Other industry studies found that young smokers chose menthol because they found it ‘relaxing’33 or ‘less harmful’ or ‘moving away from the problem (of smoking a harmful product)’.39 A British American Tobacco study from 1982 found that ‘smoking menthols functions as a guilt-reducing mechanism… it manages in some small measure to subtly disguise the sin’.39 They also reported that some smokers ‘ascrib(e) medicinal properties to the mentholation’ and believe that ‘menthols are somehow less intrusive or even less harmful than regular cigarettes’.39 Brown & Williamson surmised in 1987 that beginning smokers' familiarity with mint-flavoured confections contributed to their acceptance of menthol cigarettes: ‘Menthol brands have been said to be good starter products because new smokers appear to know that menthol covers up some of the tobacco taste and they already know what menthol tastes like, vis-à-vis candy [emphasis added]’.22
Menthol cigarettes are not a monolithic category because these brands contain a range of menthol amounts and the quantity has a considerable effect on the cigarette's taste and sensation. The tobacco industry knew that people just starting to smoke prefer cigarettes with a hint of menthol, just enough to take the edge off the tobacco taste.9 As smokers age, they begin to favour cigarettes with more menthol taste. This situation creates a dilemma for brand managers: should they keep the menthol level low and risk losing smokers to a higher strength menthol brand or gradually increase the menthol level at the risk of fewer new smokers?22 Both RJ Reynolds40 and Brown & Williamson22 41 recognised this problem. In 1986 RJ Reynolds observed:
once a smoker adapts to smoking a menthol product, the desire for menthol increases over time. A brand which has a strategy of maximising franchise acceptance will invariably increase its menthol level. Thus, once a brand becomes successful, its product will evolve in a manner that is not optimal for younger adult non-menthol smokers/switchers.23
In 1987 Brown & Williamson noted:
Switching data … clearly show that KOOL KS (king size) and 100 are not attracting their fair share of starters. Newport, on the other hand, is performing above its fair share. … one basic product difference exists which can possibly explain part of the reason for KOOL's disparity among starters. Basically, it is that KOOL's menthol level is too high for starters.
The dilemma is that KOOL can't satisfy the needs of both starters and current franchise. Franchise smokers prefer a product providing greater menthol taste than do starters. This paradox isn't easily corrected by just changing KOOL's menthol level, due to the significant risk of losing franchise smokers [emphasis added].22
Companies kept a close watch on competitors' menthol levels, if not in exact measurements because the amounts were closely guarded trade secrets, at least in relative terms. In 1989, RJ Reynolds decided to create a low-menthol extension of its Salem family that would ‘position Salem's product line for younger adult smoker growth by offering a product which better addresses their wants’.42 They test marketed a lower level menthol cigarette in 1990 but it was not until 2003 that RJ Reynolds rolled out Salem Black, a low-level menthol product.
Youth tend to smoke brands to which they have access through family or friends but relatively few people switch from menthol to non-menthol cigarettes after they become confirmed menthol smokers. Sometimes younger menthol smokers switched to non-menthol brands, but more often, non-menthol smokers switched to menthol.
Beginning youth smokers, who generally do not purchase packs on their own, smoke cigarettes that are available to them—those acquired by older friends or family members. While they may prefer a brand or type, they smoke what they can get. It may take some time before a smoker confirms a preference either by refusing to smoke certain brands or types or by buying their own. Even after people become confirmed smokers many go through a period of wavering brand loyalty. A 1984 Philip Morris study concluded ‘panelists under 25 years old have the largest percentage of switching (except females fifty-five and older smoking 100 mm menthols)’.43 Sometimes younger menthol smokers switched to non-menthol brands, but more often, non-menthol smokers switched to menthol as discussed below.
Companies were more interested in researching brand loyalty than type (menthol or non-menthol) loyalty, but these brand studies provide some evidence about switching. A 1974 Philip Morris report analysed how sales of Brown & Williamson's Kools to youths affected Philip Morris's Marlboro sales, noting that in the past year fewer young smokers had switched from Kool to Marlboro while the number of those going from Marlboro to Kool remained constant.28
A number of the companies, as indicated below, found that menthol smokers had smoked non-menthols, whether as confirmed purchasers or in the initial stages of trying several brands. Because the companies used different research methodologies or did not include sufficient details, the studies found among the industry documents cannot be analysed to determine precisely by year what proportion of menthol smokers started out smoking non-menthols. The 1984 Philip Morris study cited above noted that there was some movement from menthol to non-menthol, but ‘(l)arger percentages of smokers who switched to a menthol came from a non-menthol than vice-versa’.43
While, as noted above, the reasons for switching from non-menthol to menthol cigarettes are varied, having a cold or sore throat seemed to be the predominant reason.27 A 1973 RJ Reynolds study found that ‘Sometimes respondents saw smoking a mentholated brand as the only alternative to giving up smoking altogether’.33
Menthol smokers, in general, liked the taste, and were more apt to switch to another menthol brand rather than a non-menthol if they were dissatisfied with their smoking experience.26 A 1982 Imperial Tobacco report also confirmed a similar phenomenon, despite product and market differences in Canada:
Once having made the commitment (to smoke menthols), however, it seems to be an unusually strong one. Even when they try, as they sometimes do, they typically are not able to revert to a non-menthol brand. [Emphasis added.]39
Yes, ample evidence shows that the tobacco companies collected demographic data (age, gender, and race) on beginning menthol smokers in order to expand each of their market shares. Marketing imagery for menthol brands was geared to reflect themes relevant to a young target audience.
Novice smokers find it easier to smoke low-level menthols so tobacco companies with such products have a ready-made customer base because the vast majority of adult smokers start before age 24.44 In order to tailor marketing campaigns to capitalise on emerging market trends, companies tracked and analysed smoking behaviour by age, gender and race.45 In the late 1960s, companies started to see racial and gender differences among menthol smokers. A 1969 report prepared for American Tobacco Company reported that menthol brands were smoked disproportionately by women and ‘non-white’ smokers.46
This preference for menthol by African Americans and white women among young smokers was observed again by Philip Morris in 1974 (table 1).
Table 1
Chart from Philip Morris' a study of smoking habits among young smokers, 1974.
Menthols in general do better among the very young, and among very young blacks, almost the entire market is accounted for by Kool, Salem and Newport.28 [Emphasis added.]
The same year, Lorillard, interested in expanding its share of the menthol market, considered introducing products to compete with Brown & Williamson's Kool brand. Lorillard divided product testing sample groups along racial lines, African American and white (each group contained equal numbers of males and females), because their previous research had found that African American and white menthol smokers made smoking decisions differently. Although African Americans smoked menthols to a larger extent than white people, the white people comprised a bigger potential consumer base and they stated that ‘it is unlikely that Lorillard would proceed with a product that wins among blacks and loses among whites’.47
A 1976 Lorillard evaluation of its Newport brand found that they were running third behind Brown & Williamson's Kool and RJ Reynolds' Salem in the African American market. But, Lorillard also found positive marketing news: Newport was strong among very young smokers.
Strength and growth limited to northeast and north central regions—skews urban, but not black. Franchise very young and heavily female. Young franchise very concerned about alleged effects of smoking on health,—tend to enjoy smoking less.
Newport's SOM (share of market) among smokers 14–17 years old is significantly higher than brand's Total SOM, reflecting strong appeal to young/new smokers. Brand is particularly strong with female smokers in this age group. [Emphasis added.]48
From the late 1970s through the 1980s RJ Reynolds' research consistently tracked menthol smoking trends by race, gender and age and saw the increasing popularity of menthols among the young, women and African Americans.44 49–51 By 1978 Philip Morris, which did not have a strong menthol product, was concerned about this trend34:
We knew that Blacks, females, and younger smokers were more likely to smoke menthol cigarettes than whites, males, and older smokers. Table 1 shows the magnitude of these differences. … These differences could have a profound effect on the future growth of the menthol share of the market. We know, for example, that males, whites, and older smokers are more likely to quit smoking than females, Blacks, and younger smokers.52
By 1972 Lorillard knew that Newport cigarettes appealed to younger smokers and they debuted their ‘Alive with Pleasure’ campaign which relied heavily on images of young people (figures 1 and and22).53 54 Newport's advertising expenditures increased dramatically as sales grew, going from $3.96 million in 1972 to $6.33 million in 1975.48 There was a self-reinforcing success loop that could be achieved with this approach: marketing to younger smokers with youth-oriented images causes sales to young adults to increase, which gives rise to the perception that the brand is popular which attracts more youthful smokers and encourages a company to expand marketing efforts towards youths. The Alive with Pleasure campaign was based on the assumption that peer influence largely drove youth smoking choices and the campaign sought to generate and reinforce that peer influence. This observation was later articulated in a 1983 RJ Reynolds report: ‘Younger adult primary motivation for brand choice in all product categories is the type of people they see/perceive using the brand’.55
Figure 1
Newport advertisement with image of two young couples enjoying a roller-coaster ride, 1975.
Figure 2
Newport advertisement with image of four young people playing an informal football game, 1976.
By 1976, RJ Reynolds saw that Lorillard's strategy was working and that it might negatively impact sales of its Salem brand. They monitored the situation carefully.
Newport's growing acceptance in this area (among 18–25 year olds) is reflected in the positive response to it as a product, to its package and especially to its advertising.27
They described the attributes of Lorillard's Newport marketing strategy:
Newport (is) placing increased emphasis on both young female and young male publications reducing older female publications (magazines). Trend is towards younger readers and more men although overall female skew continues.
Newport's promotional plan tends to be directed to its young smokers—youth oriented premiums, inducing pack purchases.
The brand's advertising talks directly to young people—situations, attitude.48
It took RJ Reynolds until 1982, however, to copy Lorillard's strategy and position Salem as a brand appealing to younger smokers.56 57 Their Salem Spirit campaign used images of young people to attract customers (figure 3).58
Figure 3
Salem advertisement with image of a young man and three women ‘horsing around,’ 1984.
The tobacco companies were acutely aware that brand image was particularly important to young adults.26 57 RJ Reynolds's 1984 ‘Younger Adult Smokers: Strategies and Opportunities’ showed that
Newport, like Marlboro, relies heavily on its users to provide brand imagery among younger adult smokers. … Thus, it is no surprise that Newport has become the alternate younger adult identity brand, for those who don't want to just follow the crowd.44
Through the 1990s, Lorillard continued selling Newport to younger smokers using image-based marketing, attributing its success to its ‘peer acceptance’ and noting that ‘Newport smokers perceive other Newport smokers as they do themselves—younger, outgoing, active, happy, warm, friendly, modern, extroverted’.59
While Lorillard knew that its successful marketing campaigns were attracting a larger proportion of young African American smokers than young white smokers, in 1978 the consultant who conducted focus groups of young African American smokers in Charleston, South Carolina, referred to earlier in this paper, recommended to Lorillard that ‘Newport should be positioned in the same way to both young Black adult smokers and to Caucasians.—Their needs, feeling(s), brand perceptions are similar regardless of race’.25 However, Brown & Williamson, in a 1982 evaluation of their Kool brand indicated that Lorillard did market Newports to the African American community.
Newport, Benson & Hedges, and More (Benson & Hedges and More are non-menthol cigarettes) have all targeted user and secondarily product imagery directly at the young KOOL smoker and the Black smoker with successful results in the marketplace. Use of Black media among these competitors has been extensive….60
RJ Reynolds knew in 1984 that ‘younger adult smokers are key to RJR's growth in the Black market and warrant marketing emphasis’61 and that Black smokers ‘appear to be highly responsive to effective advertising spending’.44 Advertisements and marketing were developed to attract that market segment (figures 4 and and55).62–64
Figure 4
Salem advertisement with image of young, fashionable African American couple, captioned ‘Fresh on the scene,’1990.
Figure 5
Salem advertisement with image of a group of young African American people playing on a raft in a pool, 1985.
Many youths initiate smoking with menthol cigarettes or switch to menthol within the first few years of smoking. Consistent with earlier studies based on tobacco industry documents,7 9–12 15 we found that the industry identified the main reasons for this behaviour as the relative ease of smoking a menthol cigarette for the uninitiated smoker and its availability from friends and family. The industry also understood that some youths smoke menthols because they perceive them to be less harmful than non-menthol cigarettes, an idea the industry encouraged through its advertising. This perception may be fuelled by the fact that some youths, like adults,15 use menthols for the first time when they have a sore throat or cold because they perceive them to be less irritating than non-menthols.
There is much switching of brands and types of cigarettes in the youth and young adult market, both from menthol to non-menthol and vice versa. Nonetheless, once smokers have chosen to be menthol smokers either early in life or later, there is very little switching to a non-menthol brand. The qualitative research done by the tobacco companies is consistent with findings of Tauras et al65 who used data from the nationally representative (USA) 2003 and 2006–2007 Tobacco Use Supplements to the Current Population Survey and found that ‘smokers did not find menthol and non-menthol cigarettes to be close substitutes for one another’ so there will be relatively little switching to non-menthol cigarettes if menthol is banned by the FDA. Rather, the longer someone smokes menthols, the more they desire a stronger menthol taste and they will tend to switch to a menthol brand with a higher concentration of menthol in the tobacco. The tobacco industry understands this and specifically keeps some brands at a lower menthol:tobacco ratio in order to attract more novice smokers, even at the cost of losing them as they age. Some companies, such as Lorillard and RJ Reynolds, create varieties of menthol brands with varying levels of menthol.
The tobacco industry tracked race and gender in their analyses of the youth and young adult market. They knew that young African American smokers smoke menthols at higher rates than other ethnic/racial groups, and that young women, regardless of race, smoke menthols more than young men. The tobacco industry, eager to attract young smokers, designed marketing campaigns that they hoped would appeal to these segments.
While ample evidence was found about the industry's research, product development and testing and marketing of menthol cigarettes, these documents cannot be analysed with the same precision as one would evaluate public health surveys. The documents were written over several decades by employees and consultants from numerous companies. Survey methods and instruments were not always included in the reports so it is frequently difficult to know exactly what was meant by the phrase ‘beginning smokers,’ for example. It was not clear if the industry author was referring to those who had ever taken a puff of a cigarette or did they mean those who had started to smoke fairly regularly but for less than a year (definitions commonly used in the open literature).
Nonetheless, this study has found considerable additional evidence showing that: many people start smoking menthol cigarettes rather than non-menthols because they perceive that it is easier to inhale the mentholated smoke into their lungs; peers and families influence the brand choice of people under 18 by providing them with access to cigarettes; some smokers choose to smoke menthol cigarettes when they have a cold or sore throat because of their perceived mildness; as smokers age they desire greater and greater amounts of menthol in their cigarettes; and tobacco companies have targeted vulnerable populations such as women, the young and African Americans with marketing for menthol cigarettes.
This evidence suggests that a ban on menthol in cigarettes would result in fewer people smoking cigarettes. Menthol is a prominent design feature used by cigarette manufacturers to attract and retain new, younger smokers. In addition, not only would some current smokers decide to quit rather than smoke non-mentholated cigarettes, but some young people would not make the transition from experimenting with cigarettes to becoming a confirmed smoker. The FDA should ban menthol in cigarettes which will help lower smoking rates particularly among African Americans and women.
What this paper adds
• The vast majority of smokers start before age 18.
• The US Food and Drug Administration is considering a ban on the sale of menthol cigarettes.
• Using additional industry-generated documents, the paper confirms that menthol is added to cigarettes in part because it is known to be an attractive feature to inexperienced smokers who perceive menthol cigarettes as less harsh and easier to smoke and because of their availability from friends and family. Companies keep lower menthol levels in certain brands to appeal to younger smokers and use advertising to attract these market segments.
The author thanks Rachel Taketa, MLIS, for meticulous document searching, and Stanton Glantz, PhD for comments on previous drafts; and Karen Butter, ML, Valerie B. Yerger, ND, Stacey J. Anderson, PhD, Phyra M. McCandless, JD, MPH, M. Victoria Salgado, MD and Vera Harrell for other assistance with this research.
Funding: This research was supported by the US Department of Health and Human Services Contract HHSN261201000035I.
Competing interests: None.
Provenance and peer review: Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed. This peer reviewed paper is based on a longer, more detailed (but not peer reviewed) white paper prepared for the US Food and Drug Administration. The full white paper is available at http://escholarship.org/uc/item/9qp7g9s1 and http://www.fda.gov/downloads/AdvisoryCommittees/CommitteesMeetingMaterials/TobaccoProductsScientificAdvisoryCommittee/UCM228401.pdf.
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33. Esty W. Salem Cigarettes. Attitudes and Behavior With Respect to Mentholated Cigarettes. RJ Reynolds, 1973. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/wad39d00
34. A Study of Smokers' Habits and Attitudes with Special Emphasis on Low Tar and Menthol Cigarettes Volume I. Research, 1979. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/zvt46b00
35. An Exploratory Study—Menthol Smokers' Perceptions of Irritations From Cigarettes. Lorillard, 1975. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/dys31e00
36. Bolton C. Subject: Nicotine. Research, 1972. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/dly76b00
37. Fountaine R. Rationale for Testing Marlboro Menthol Box. Philip Morris, 1973. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/hag03e00
38. Delman F. Executive Summary ES98-44. Lorillard, 1998. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/zmc91b00
39. Project Crawford: Phase I: 7 Group Discussions. British American Tobacco, 1982. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/raf36a99
40. Lawson J, Toben T. New Business Research and Development Report. Low Level Menthol Opportunity Analysis. RJ Reynolds, 1986. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/vad94d00
41. KOOL Family Utopian Objectives 790000-850000. Brown & Williamson, 1979. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/lxs40f00
42. Project GLD. RJ Reynolds, 1989. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/lci54d00
43. Levy C, Martin H, Ryan F. 820000–830000 Loyalty and Switching History by Sex, Age Groupings, Market Delivery Images, Companies, and Major Packings. Philip Morris, 1984. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/tzd96e00
44. Burrows DS. Younger Adult Smokers: Strategies and Opportunities. Research, 1984. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/tqq46b00
45. Consumer Research Report: Analysis of Black Smokers. Mangini, 1984. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/rgy52d00
46. Eastman Chemical Products Inc 1969 Survey Of Cigarette Smoking Behavior And Attitudes, Volume I, Analysis Of Survey Results. American Tobacco, 1969. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/krm54f00
47. Rifon M. Subject: Proposal on the Baron/Blue Ice Menthol Test #11047. Research, 1974. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/kas46b00
48. Esty W. Newport Cigarettes Business Analysis. RJ Reynolds, 1976. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ksb59d00
49. Overview I. RJ Reynolds, 1977. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/nhr89d00
50. Gemma L. 1983 (830000) Profile and Usual Brand Share Among Younger Adults. Final Report. RJ Reynolds, 1984. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/jgm83d00
51. Smoking Behavior and Trends among 18–20 year old Smokers. Mangini, 1985. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/xcb72d00
52. Johnston ME., Jr The Demographics of Menthol Smokers. Research, 1978. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/nau46b00
53. Lorillard Alive with Pleasure! Newport. Pollay Advertising, 1975. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/utc04b00
54. Lorillard Alive with Pleasure! Newport. Pollay Advertising, 1976. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/osc04b00
55. New Brands Research The Younger Adult Smokers of the ‘80’s. RJ Reynolds, 1983. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ixr68d00
56. Salem Business Review to Executive Management. RJ Reynolds, 1984. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/qhp25d00
57. Salem. Coolness Segment/Salem. Situation Analysis. RJ Reynolds, 1982. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ymt75d00
58. RJ Reynolds Tobacco You've Got What it Takes. Salem Spirit. Pollay Advertising, 1984. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ace04b00
59. [Re:] Newport Creative Exploratory. Research, 1993. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ucq76b00
60. Corporate Conduct. Topic #17 Safer Cigarette Volume II. Kool Family Executive Summary. Brown & Williamson, No Date. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ghz31f00
61. Special Market Analysis: Black, Hispanic, Military. Mangini, 1984. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ihy52d00
62. RJ Reynolds Tobacco Fresh on the Scene. Pollay Advertising, 1990. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/qce04b00
63. RJ Reynolds Tobacco You've Got What it Takes. Pollay Advertising, 1985. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/nhe04b00
64. Younger Adult Smokers. Mangini; http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/piy52d00
65. Tauras JA, Levy D, Chaloupka FJ, et al. Menthol and non-menthol smoking: the impact of prices and smoke-free air laws. Addiction 2010;105(Suppl 1):115–23 [PubMed]
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See more... | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '132', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9151816368103028}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '131487', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:YKA2WKEWA6G3CYJ7TXLDKD6TV3D7LO7J', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:f02efabc-e057-4af0-aede-6c946548b756>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2015, 3, 1, 7, 27, 1), 'WARC-IP-Address': '130.14.29.110', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:Z77PSDYTLCAMAWLBYESTX2L4U5MFDSM4', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:6a1c1d22-bd18-49e5-a25b-dbdd624afd44>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3088463/?tool=pubmed', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:200cd95d-8ddd-4ff1-8963-fbd7c07acdda>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '6600', 'url': 'http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3088463/?tool=pubmed', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2015-11\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for February 2015\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.02139502763748169', 'original_id': 'e202b62281155bfa5d78f2074a42cad1d03ddb8c9e564643ffcfd711decdd7d1'} |
Self Serve Frozen Yogurt Elgin frozen yogurt
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3. Add the toppings bar with up to 4 selections, sauce and sprinkles
4. Offer your supporters to participate for a set fee
5. Your cost is dependent upon size of order
6. YOU set your price and PROFIT
7. Call for further details
(Please allow 7-10 days pre-event depending on size of participation expected)
Spirels Yogurt Delites 309 Randall RdElginIllinois 60177, United States +1.8478889880
It's EASY and provides your organization with extra funds towards whatever you may need.
Just pick a date (first come basis). Spirels will provide you flyers to hand out to your participants to bring in on "Your Special Day"
(anytime on that date).
We keep track of the receipts and YOU get a bonus* for simply having a great time! (*A percentage of the receipts is 'given back' to you.)
The more people you bring in--the more FUN--and MONEY for YOU! | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.7944964170455933}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '23235', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:CIR6IMDAXGLKPYFG5F7IY5JSP3A53ZDD', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:7652a450-e370-4e9a-81ef-3cba23f3b7a0>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 3, 22, 22, 25, 33), 'WARC-IP-Address': '198.71.232.3', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:7RBMJWBHOYDQQNDEPS6DXL5GAIXR3KCI', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:107916ce-34bb-4405-aeda-3ed7bb9998fe>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.spirels.com/fundraising.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:7a21bcb7-6c4d-4e08-8ed1-939eabfcec6e>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '184', 'url': 'http://www.spirels.com/fundraising.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-13\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for March 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-13-253-122.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.1216886043548584', 'original_id': '11e08ed43834605af90da8a6e6322828f98519daeacc316da3da3801dc7fe5f0'} |
The appalling New York Times "Vows" videos.
The appalling New York Times "Vows" videos.
The appalling New York Times "Vows" videos.
Arts, entertainment, and more.
May 5 2006 7:02 PM
You May Now Film the Bride
The appalling New York Times "Vows" videos.
Gabriel and Ranit
I just love wedding announcements, and nothing satisfies my passion like the New York Times. This gloriously ridiculous section of the paper of record is a vestige of an earlier, more nakedly hierarchical, time. As Slate's Timothy Noah put it four years ago, "The wedding pages remain because a very small aristocracy demands that they remain." He wrote that in derision; I cite it in celebration.
Troy Patterson Troy Patterson
Week after week, these dispatches (a species of open letter: public honeymoon post cards that just happen to announce the partners' pedigree, schooling, and profession) offer an unmatchable voyeuristic delight. Is there a more entertaining way for young members of the Northeastern professional class to size themselves up against their peers? How better to indulge in status-gawking and idle matrimonial fantasies? What fun!
The section has grown gradually more chatty and elaborate over the last 15 years. With the 1992 introduction of the "Vows" column—the reported piece, generally running between 800 and 1,500 words, detailing a "wedding of distinction"—the Times entered the realm of bridal porn, and the page became crazier yet on Feb. 13, 2000, when some listings began to tell anecdotes about how the couples met cute. Now, this act has gone multimedia. To go the video section of and look at the Style channel is to discover a number of short films in which young lovers chat about their courtships and proposals. At this writing, there are 11 of them, all featuring heterosexual couples. Go look at the videos, and then try to tell me they're not bizarre. The New York Times is now providing the kind of entertainment generally reserved for the slide-show portion of a rehearsal dinner.
The bride and groom are always interviewed separately, usually in living rooms emitting the light scent of bourgeois good taste. The clips are split into chapters with titles like "The First Date" and "The Proposal" and "The Karaoke Connection." The music usually ranges from bland jazz to easygoing bluegrass. Sometimes, the producers throw in snapshots of the couple with their heads tossed in shared laughter. On average, the clips run about four and half minutes, which is about one and half minutes too long. Thus, instead of learning more than we needed to know about, say, Gia Miller and Daniel Doron, we learn much, much, much more.
Daniel and Gia
Over the strumming of a jaunty guitar, Gia, a New Orleans native wearing a lovely green blazer, explains that she's lived in New York for four and half years. Daniel, who grew up there, is an attorney, and he's fixed an excellent dimple in his necktie. They met on a blind date at Monkey Bar. (New York magazine: "The simian theme even extends to the drinks menu.") Gia liked that he was cute, funny, and easy to talk to. Daniel was "initially attracted" to her being "a blond Southern Jew": "If you grew up in New York, that's a rare species," he explains, in a way that left me feeling clammy and searching for an apposite Philip Roth reference. On a trip to Gia's hometown, Daniel arranged for a street artist to draw a caricature: He's down on one knee proffering a ring the size of his ear. "I don't even know if I ever said yes," Gia says, "But I'm wearing the ring."
Matthew and Shari
The trouble with this form, dramatically speaking, is that the endings are predictable. The Times does its best to throw in some twists. In the case of Matthew Bronson and Shari Wolfson, this involves a chapter called "The Two Day Breakup." Matthew: "Prior to that, I ... maybe wasn't being the most mature." Shari: "Luckily, for me, Matt IM'd me on Monday morning at work saying, 'You know, let's talk. This shouldn't be it.' " Might his message have read: "lets talk this shldnt b it"? In any case, they were soon back on track and off to the Hamptons. Gabriel Shiff and Ranit Saposh's relationship seemed doomed at the outset. They met when she was a high-school student visiting her older brother at Penn. "At a party which I hosted," Gabriel says haltingly. "I met this junior in high school ... I didn't do anything that would get me arrested, but we definitely hit it off," which I think means he got to third base. My favorite groom is Adam Bye, who is British and talks like Tony Blair doing a Hugh Grant impersonation. "The two of us met at, em, well, at a reception that we both weren't invited to, eh, as it happens ... "
Who are these people? Why are they so pleased with themselves? Why can't I stop watching? It's rather hard to imagine most of these individuals deigning to appear on anything so common as reality TV. They wouldn't be here if they didn't have a particular set of social ambitions and self-conceptions. Everyone's a winner: Their eternal love earns the Times' imprimatur, and we get to sit at the computer speculating on their sex lives, sneering at their pretensions, and wondering when they'll get divorced. I propose that the appearance of the Times "Vows" videos represents the gentrification of exhibitionism. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '6', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9381571412086488}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '75336', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:BNSV65EZMBFARJF2W4AIUMEQ2BX2JL52', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:62240daf-697c-4cdf-a665-12b82881bc42>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 10, 21, 10, 49, 11), 'WARC-IP-Address': '23.219.88.176', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:YVX5WVGPCQPCQJY2XYCP3O3ISVTRRFPW', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:83719518-9419-4a9a-8236-41273b7dc6e3>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/culturebox/2006/05/you_may_now_film_the_bride.single.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:9119e546-2b5b-4d5d-83c3-896b0dfe1808>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '863', 'url': 'http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/culturebox/2006/05/you_may_now_film_the_bride.single.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-182-90-21.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-43\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for October 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.03358942270278931', 'original_id': 'ed7da85a2bad7054f7aab8c3ec823bddae26034703b5ef529c43b4950f5ac7d2'} |
HBO Set To Remake “Shameless”
HBO and Warner Bros. are set to produce an American remake of the iconic British blue-collar TV drama “Shameless” says Variety.
Original show creator Paul Abbott has long been in talks with various U.S. networks in recent years about such a deal, with NBC previously coming close to setting up the project.
The whimsical drama series, which began in 2004, was set on a public housing estate in Manchester and followed the chaotic Gallagher clan, lead by the feckless but lovable alcohol and drug abuser Frank. Rising film star James McAvoy had a recurring role on the first two seasons.
John Wells (“E.R.”) is set to produce the remake. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9520333409309388}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '107172', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:XWRVR5MVAQYCIZTNLPBKQBZVICCZHP4Z', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:7db4a825-16eb-49cf-b6d0-6e196c777844>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 2, 23, 20, 55, 2), 'WARC-IP-Address': '115.178.21.161', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:RKUZPBUPE7HG2GLZCGMFBJOZMN3VCKNQ', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:a81203c7-a3ac-4fc9-a918-9c9aad9c9e60>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.darkhorizons.com/hbo-set-to-remake-shameless/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:2dc130d7-2e17-4b39-8c61-5b32dd814815>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '111', 'url': 'http://www.darkhorizons.com/hbo-set-to-remake-shameless/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-171-10-108.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-09\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for February 2017\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.020977497100830078', 'original_id': '4e1d16d0037f8d66c8da9d42f433ec58ed6626855dab1d28e9615da56e16f221'} |
Unsuccessful CEOs: Behaviours to Spot.
Sydney Finkelstein, the Steven Roth Professor of Management at the Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth College, published “Why Smart Executives Fail” 8 years ago.
He undertook research into 50 then high profile apparently successful companies, including names such as Enron, Tyco and Rubbermaid, to establish what happened to result in the dive to oblivion. Several common traits were identified. These were then applied to later problem companies such as Research In Motion and found to equally well apply to the executives there.
Forbes ran an article in February this year summarising the position as The Seven Habits of Spectacularly Unsuccessful Executives which offers an insight into certain characteristics in CEOs, if observed, represent significant danger signals for the health and well-being of the organisation.
Read More»
Manufacturing is a Prerequisite to a Sustainable Economy
There is a thought provoking article in the Financial Times, June 11th, on the future of manufacturing. The url is:
There are 7 ingredients seen as important in establishing a strongly viable approach in high labour cost countries. These are:
1. Cluster Dynamics (sharing technical understanding across companies and within the supply chain)
2. Niche Thinking (recognising that ’boutique’ suppliers with specific know-how and technology will play a greater part)
3. Industrial Democracy (more choice of country to base in – the differentiator is going to be how a nation meets the need)
4. Personalised Production (making very short runs, bespoke to the individual client, yet being highly efficient)
5. Networked Manufacturing (using the supply chain’s knowledge base more effectively, spotting trends and controlling cost)
6. Environmental Pressures (adapting to the approach holistically – marketing, product and technical development)
7. Technological Acceleration (developing new technologies and adapting them from other sectors or markets)
This represents just the kind of change that interim professionals are there to help organisations transform to successfully.
CNN Feature Interim Executives
A recent article was produced for CNN by international journalist Stina Backer, entitled “Time to Jump Off the Career Ladder: Become a ‘Super Temp’.
The article is a part of CNN’s ‘Route to the Top’ series and can be found at:
The article features Jody Miller of Business Talent Group (BTG: www.businesstalentgroup.com), based in the USA, and Tony Evans, interim executive based in the UK and a Director of the Institute of Interim Management (www.iim.org.uk).
The article points to the benefits of using senior interim talent to client organisations, essentially engaging highly experienced and productive executives on an interim basis to take the organisation through a difficult period of change.
Time to jump off the career ladder
Can We Grow Our Way Out of the Current Economic Condition?
Vast amounts have been said and written about the world (at least the ‘west’s’) current economic demise, with passionate debate from politicians, economists, journalists and pretty much everyone else. Opinions abound. In January 2010, Mckinsey Global Institute actually produced a paper that analysed 45 episodes of economy de-leveraging since the Great Depression, 32 of which followed a financial crisis. The article is attached at the end for convenience, with acknowledgement to MGI and the authors: Charles Roxborough, Susan Lund, Tony Wimmer, Eric Arnar, Charles Atkins,Ju-Hon Kwek, Richard Dobbs and James Manyika. The url is:
Read More» | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '14', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9047703146934508}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '36051', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:ZBI6G6MB3HJUH3GK3EFKNGVWGXSKVSGI', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:841072fc-123d-44b8-84bd-92e2f9d6d891>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 9, 26, 13, 9, 23), 'WARC-IP-Address': '79.170.44.91', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:BZJXBMG7AHBLG5G4SW6BTWLSYRMVN6SE', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:0d183440-c7a7-494e-879a-3432b7f28b64>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.the3graces.co.uk/2012/06', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:d8c0bedb-613c-405c-ab87-c2c2d89dc19e>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '536', 'url': 'http://www.the3graces.co.uk/2012/06', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-39\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-142\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.018321335315704346', 'original_id': 'f4dd80929076d8590e7fdbf540793b229099195b80b8424515a768ec7d1f8493'} |
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en-US">
<head>
<script crossorigin="anonymous" src="/__dist__/testharness.js"></script>
<script crossorigin="anonymous" src="/__dist__/webchat-es5.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="webchat"></div>
<script type="text/babel" data-presets="env,stage-3,react">
const {
React: { useMemo },
WebChat: { renderWebChat },
WebChatTest: { conditions, createDirectLineWithTranscript, createStore, host, pageObjects, timeouts }
} = window;
(async function () {
const directLine = await createDirectLineWithTranscript([
{
type: 'message',
id: '1',
channelId: 'directline',
from: {
role: 'bot'
},
attachmentLayout: 'carousel',
locale: 'en-US',
text: 'This card has a parsing error',
timestamp: '2019-08-08T16:41:12.9397263Z',
attachments: [
{
contentType: 'application/vnd.microsoft.card.adaptive',
content: {
type: 'AdaptiveCard',
version: '1.2',
speak: 'Forced parsing error',
body: [
[
{
cinemaList: [
{
cinemaName: 'CCP',
locationLat: 0,
locationLong: 0,
dateList: [
{ showDate: 'N/A', timeSlotList: [{ showTime: '4.00 PM' }, { showTime: '5.00 PM' }] }
]
},
{ cinemaName: 'JEM' }
]
}
]
]
}
}
]
}
]);
renderWebChat(
{
directLine,
store: createStore()
},
document.getElementById('webchat')
);
await pageObjects.wait(conditions.uiConnected(), timeouts.directLine);
await pageObjects.wait(conditions.minNumActivitiesShown(1), timeouts.directLine);
await host.snapshot();
await host.done();
})().catch(async err => {
console.error(err);
await host.error(err);
});
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Over all these results suggest that both live and EPSs of L. gasseri strains are capable of inhibiting the proliferation of HeLa with the impact of EPS being strain specific.Impact of EPS of Lactobacillus gasseri strains on apoptosis in HeLa cells and genes involved in apoptotic pathwayApoptosis is a programmed cell death process that regulates growth and development of multicellular organisms.
Bacterial EPS have been shown to be involved in adhesion to host epithelial cells hence we investigated the ability of EPS producing L. gasseri strains to adhere to HeLa cell line.
Hence the diversity in sugar composition of L-EPS extracted from G10 and H15 is one possible explanation for the observed adhesion capability of the strains.Anti-proliferative impact of L. gasseri strains and their EPS on HeLa cellsVarious health benefits have been ascribed to L. gasseri strains such as antitumor effect.
To obtain more informa- tion on contribution of EPS on proliferative effect of L. gasseri strains we treated HeLa cells with different concentration of L-EPSs since it is known that anti-proliferative effect of EPS is concentra- tion dependent .
These results suggest that L-EPSs of L. gasseri strains inhibit pro- liferation and induce apoptosis in HeLa cells in a strain dependent manner and use different mechanism of action to inhibit the cell proliferation in HeLa cells.
Addi- tionally we showed that L-EPSs of L. gasseri strains induce apoptosis in HeLa cells in a strain dependent manner and use different mechanism of action to inhibit the cell proliferation in HeLa cells.
In this study we examined the EPS pro- duction by L. gasseri strains and investigated the impact of these EPSs on proliferation of HeLa cells and immunomodulation.
Cyclophilin A PPIA was used as an internal control toImpact of live and EPS of L. gasseri strains on HeLa cell prolif- eration was evaluated using a WST-1 cell proliferation assay kit Cayman Chemical Company Ann Arbor Michigan USA as described by Hong et al.
HeLa cells seeded at a density of 1 x 105 cellswell were treated with live L. gasseri strains and the anti-cytotoxicity effect of the L. gasseri strains was evaluated by comparing the viability of the treated samples with the untreated control n5 for each bar.
HeLa cells seeded at a density of 1 x 105 cellswell were treated with increasing concentrations of L-EPSs 100 200 or 400 mgml of L. gasseri strains and the anti-cytotoxicity effect of the EPSs produced by L. gasseri strains was evaluated by comparing the viability of the treated samples with the untreated control n5 for each bar.
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Virtual environment interaction through 3D audio by blind children.
Interactive software is actively used for learning, cognition, and entertainment purposes. Educational entertainment software is not very popular among blind children because most computer games and electronic toys have interfaces that are only accessible through visual cues. This work applies the concept of interactive hyperstories to blind children. Hyperstories are implemented in a 3D acoustic virtual world. In past studies we have conceptualized a model to design hyperstories. This study illustrates the feasibility of the model. It also provides an introduction to researchers to the field of entertainment software for blind children. As a result, we have designed and field tested AudioDoom, a virtual environment interacted through 3D Audio by blind children. AudioDoom is also a software that enables testing nontrivial interfaces and cognitive tasks with blind children. We explored the construction of cognitive spatial structures in the minds of blind children through audio-based entertainment and spatial sound navigable experiences. Children playing AudioDoom were exposed to first person experiences by exploring highly interactive virtual worlds through the use of 3D aural representations of the space. This experience was structured in several cognitive tasks where they had to build concrete models of their spatial representations constructed through the interaction with AudioDoom by using Legotrade mark blocks. We analyze our preliminary results after testing AudioDoom with Chilean children from a school for blind children. We discuss issues such as interactivity in software without visual cues, the representation of spatial sound navigable experiences, and entertainment software such as computer games for blind children. We also evaluate the feasibility to construct virtual environments through the design of dynamic learning materials with audio cues. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '436582cf537f420bf6a78115fcdfd713d070306d8aa6741719b5a596035e3eb7'} |
\section{Ordinal Multiplication via Cantor Normal Form/Limit Base}
Tags: Ordinal Arithmetic
\begin{theorem}
Let $x$ and $y$ be ordinals.
Let $x$ be a limit ordinal.
Let $y > 0$.
Let $\sequence {a_i}$ be a sequence of ordinals that is strictly decreasing on $1 \le i \le n$.
Let $\sequence {b_i}$ be a sequence of finite ordinals.
Then:
:$\ds \sum_{i \mathop = 1}^n \paren {x^{a_i} b_i} \times x^y = x^{a_1 \mathop + y}$
{{explain|Which of the above constructs is actually "Cantor Normal Form"?}}
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
The proof shall proceed by finite induction on $n$:
For all $n \in \N_{\le 0}$, let $\map P n$ be the proposition:
:$\ds \sum_{i \mathop = 1}^n \paren {x^{a_i} b_i} \times x^y = x^{a_1 \mathop + y}$
Since $x$ is a limit ordinal, it follows that $x^y$ is a limit ordinal by Limit Ordinals Closed under Ordinal Exponentiation.
\end{proof}
| math_pile | {'subset': 'ProofWiki', 'meta': "{'type': 'Theorem_Proof'}", 'original_id': 'f58e22b47f530c80708c4c73ee7a3f5102023805d10891271293a8c245483350'} |
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Kenran Butou Sai: The Mars Daybreak [Sub: Eng]
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Kenran Butou Sai: The Mars Daybreak [Sub: Eng]
Kenran Butou Sai: The Mars Daybreak [Sub: Eng] Episode 09
On a Mars covered in ice and oceans, people have learned to survive by building large floating city-ships in which they can live. And by using submarines to travel beneath the ice and harsh winds that rage overhead, humanity has been able to develop a global community. But during a distant galactic war, Earth looked to Mars as important water resource to support their war efforts. Now that the war is over, Earth still values the wealth of resources that Mars provides, and is reluctant to release their firm control over their smaller step-sister.Continuous oppression breeds complaints and contempt, and rebellions occurred. And with each failure, the independence movement learned and grew more organized. During this confusion, pirates appeared to prey on the wealth and abundant resources of Earth's occupying forces. The Earth government decides to organize a special military unit equipped to fight on Mars - to settle and suppress both the independence movement and pirates once and for all.
Actors: N/A
Director: N/A
Country: Japan
Release: 2004
Duration: N/A
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<ng-template pTemplate="header">
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<ng-template let-product pTemplate="listItem">
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<h5>PickList</h5>
<p-pickList [source]="sourceCities" [target]="targetCities" sourceHeader="From" targetHeader="To" dragdrop="true"
[responsive]="true" [sourceStyle]="{'height':'300px'}" [targetStyle]="{'height':'300px'}">
<ng-template let-city pTemplate="item">
<div>{{city.name}}</div>
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</div>
<div class="p-col-12 p-lg-4">
<div class="card">
<h5>OrderList</h5>
<p-orderList [value]="orderCities" [listStyle]="{'height':'auto'}" header="Cities" dragdrop="true">
<ng-template let-city pTemplate="item">
<div>{{city.name}}</div>
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</p-orderList>
</div>
</div>
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Category Archives: Kurdish Globe
As Turkey mend ties with Russia, what now for the changing dynamics in the region?
With a strong geopolitical standing, Turkey has historically been a keen lever between the East and West. After increasingly lukewarm relations with its NATO allies in the West in recent years and a bitter feud with the biggest Eastern power in Russia, Turkey could not sit idle as its regional leverage was diluted and new events at home unfolded.
The mending of ties between Moscow and Ankara comes almost 9 months since the fatal downing of a Russian jet that propelled relations to historic lows. Now the tune of Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and his Russian counterpart Vladimir Putin could not be more different.
The patching of ties has a number of angles but is certainly fuelled by the recent failed military coup in Turkey. Turkey was already at loggerheads with the US over support of Syrian Kurdish rebels whom Turkey accuses of been terrorists but who have proved by far the most effective group against the Islamic State (IS) and then there is the continuous friction with the EU over a migrant deal that even today is not fully implemented.
The failed coup rocked Erdogan, the AKP and Turkey leading to severe crackdown of opponents in various circles that has been criticized by the US and EU, not to mention the possibility of reintroducing the death penalty which would all but end any lingering hope of EU membership.
Erdogan has been heavily critical of US refusal to hand over exiled cleric Fethullah Gulen whom he accused of orchestrating the coup with thinly veiled threats that Washington would soon need to choose between Gulen and Turkey.
For the US and EU, Ankara remains a key ally but they have also grown frustrated in recent years as Ankara has driven a hard bargain over the migrant crisis, access to Turkish airbases and the lack of direct action against IS.
By papering over ties with Russia, there is obvious economic benefit as Russian sanctions took their toll on Turkey. However, Turkey is clearly showing their Western and NATO allies that Turkish foreign policy is dynamic enough to deal with the changing sociopolitical picture in the region. Turkey is demonstrating that they are not short of options and that the West is more in need of Turkey than any carrot of EU membership or ties with its western allies.
The thinly veiled threat from the Turkish Foreign Minister that they could leave NATO owed to lack of US and EU support in the aftermath of the coup reinforces this point.
Russia, of course, gets numerous benefits of its own with a Turkey that is disappointed with their allies and turns to their shoulder. It boosts Russian quest to play a stronger strategic role in the Middle East and at the same time as diluting Western influence.
However, at the same time, months of animosity will not just evaporate overnight. Not without tough compromises from each side. For example, Ankara can stomach most Syrian realities, even if it includes Assad, if it somehow curtails the increasing strategic and powerful Syrian Kurdish forces who enjoy a great deal of autonomy.
But it remains to be seen if Russian would drop their support of Syrian Kurdish forces or on the other hand if Turkey could drop its strong support of Syrian opposition.
Either way, a Turkey that is leaning increasingly towards the East, transforms an already complicated Middle Eastern picture. The extent of any new reality depends on US action on Gulen, whether EU will continue to appease Turkey to shore up the migrant deal and whether Russian and Turkey can bridge their differences over Assad and the Kurds.
First Published: Kurdish Globe
Other Publication Sources: Various Misc
The liberation of Mosul rest on the Kurds
If the liberation of Ramadi, Tikrit, Sinjar and more recently Manbij in Syria proved painful and tricky leading to streams of refugees, then Mosul will prove much worse.
Islamic State (IS) has held Mosul for over two years. If the liberation was anything other than bloody and complicated, then it would not have taken months of planning.
The battle for Mosul raises more questions than answers for Baghdad. IS would not have rolled into Mosul with such ease if it did not have support of some locals and various other armed Sunni groups. Without addressing the sectarian discord that plagued Mosul and Sunni heartlands long before IS was even established, the post-liberation of Mosul will provide much trickier to manoeuvre.
Then there is the thousands of civilians that will flee the city, mostly like to the relative safety of Kurdistan. Kurdistan already houses 1.8 million internally displaces persons at a great financial burden that mostly goes unnoticed.
The Iraqi Defence Minister Khalid Obeidi recently warned that the Iraqi government will not allow the Kurdish Peshmerga forces to liberate the city of Mosul. This was compounded by threats from Shia Popular Mobilization Units for Kurdish forces not to enter Mosul.
Ironically, the Shiite militias are likely to play a more effective role than the actual Iraqi army in any battle for Mosul. If Peshmerga are deemed as too sensitive to be deployed within the mainly Sunni city, then the presence of these militias will hardly soothe sectarian tensions. At least, there is a large population of Kurds in Mosul.
For all these warnings, there is no way that Mosul can be liberated without the support of the Peshmerga regardless of any coalition firepower. This was acknowledged by Kurdistan President Masoud Barzani, who stated that Mosul operations without the Peshmerga will be impossible. However, Barzani stressed that “they will have supportive role but will not enter the city”.
The importance of the Peshmerga is not lost on the United States who relies heavily on the Kurdish forces. This culminated in a recent signing of a memorandum of understanding between US and Kurdish officials in recent weeks that included provisions of military support to the Peshmerga forces.
Too often US has tip-toed around Baghdad when dealing with the Kurds due to political sensitivities but with the huge sacrifices of the Peshmerga, their critical role both now and the future and the much changed socio-political landscape in Iraq across the Middle East, the Kurds must be dealt with in their own right.
It’s disrespectful to Kurdish sacrifices to deal with Kurdistan through Baghdad when both zones are separated from each other and the Kurds have been all bu
Terror in Europe and the Middle East is one and the same
With Europe still recovering from the Nice massacre a little over a week ago that saw 84 people killed and 303 injured when a French-Tunisian terrorist chillingly drove a 19-tonne lorry into large crowds watching fireworks on Bastille Day in Nice, Germany was coming to terms with a shocking attack of its own on Friday.
An 18-year old German-Iranian gunman went on a shooting rampage in a busy Munich shopping centre killing 9 people and wounding 16 more. The motives of the gunman are not clear and he is believed to have acted alone but nevertheless the end outcome is the same.
Such attacks in France, Belgium and now Germany naturally strike fear and anxiety into the hearts of the population. IS have already threatened Nice-style attacks on popular parts of central London
The Munich attack comes just days after an Afghan teenager wounded four people in an axe and knife attack on a train near Wuerzberg.
Whether any act is done in the name of the Islamist State (IS) or not, these shooting attacks are clearly influenced by the mass terror that is perpetrating across Europe and the Middle East.
The fact that many of the attackers are not migrants from Iraq, Syria or beyond but citizens of the country they attack only makes the matter worse as it intensifies Islamaphobia and increases the ethno social divide.
Whilst the European governments are increasingly rattled by each attack leading to stronger security measures as well as airstrikes on IS targets, the seeds of this problem were sown long ago. Hardline groups were largely unhindered in Syria as the civil war spiraled from 2011 and in some cases even tolerated as a card to defeat Bashar al-Assad.
IS did not just dominate huge swathes of territory, possess thousands of fighters and advanced weaponry or revenues of millions of dollars a month overnight.
Now many yearn for the stable rule under Assad than the continued chaos and suffering gripping Syria whose outcomes are clearly felt across the globe.
Too often conflicts in Syria, Iraq and the Middle East are seen as battles in distant lands. Whilst the increasing attacks on the West were always going to dominate the media and unnerve the populations, it should not be viewed differently from attacks across the Middle East that often receive much less attention.
In the run up to the Islamic celebration of Eid al-Fitr, at least 200 people were killed as an IS suicide bomber struck a bustling market area in Baghdad. The Baghdad attack on the heels of massacres in Bangladesh, Turkey, Yemen, Lebanon and Jordan
The war on terror does not end or begin in Middle East or Europe, it’s one and the same and the devastation should not be viewed differently by any part.
First Published: Kurdish Globe
Other Publication Sources: Various Misc
Failed coup attempt provides Erdogan with new ammunition
The failed military coup in Turkey was intended to usher a new order, however, in the end it was Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan that emerged with a stronger hand and a great opportunity.
Dramatic footage as the coup unfolded of heavy gunfire, tanks and helicopters resembled a war zone. A weary looking Erdogan addressing the nation via FaceTime on his mobile summed up the uncertainty and desperation of the government as the coup unfolded.
Thousands of Erdogan supporters heeded his call and took to the streets effectively blunting the coup and eventually allowing the pro-government forces to wrestle back control.
As a sense of normality seemingly returned to Turkey, the aftermath of the dramatic events will echo much louder.
Erdogan has long tried to dampen dissident voices and stifle opposition circles. Erdogan can now clearly argue that his suspicion and distrust of the so called “parallel infrastructure” was not so far-fetched after all. He now has strong grounds to consolidate power, move towards his ambition of a presidential system and deal with long-time foe and influential exiled cleric Fethullah Gulen who he accused of perpetrating the coup.
Gulen was quick to deny any involvement but the AKP strongly pressured Washington to extradite him.
As the arrests quickly stacked up in the aftermath of the failed coup, thousands more can be expected in the coming days. There is even talk in Turkey of reinstating the death penalty. Either way, the government will come down hard and will point to the thousands of supporters on the streets as testimony to the endorsement of his policies.
However, do the thousands of supporters that ultimately helped the government emerge triumphant really paint the full picture?
The simple answer is that a highly polarised Turkey has been on the edge for some time. There are conflicting camps of Islamists, secularists, nationalists, reformists and not to mention inter-ethnic strife with the Kurds highlighted by a raging war against the PKK and unrest in the south east.
Erdogan may enjoy strong support but this should not mask his many opponents either. The fact that Erdogan and the AKP urged their supporter to remain vigilant in the face of any secondary coup attempt highlighted the vulnerabilities and uncertainties that remain.
Whilst the failed coup gives the government a strong card, it hardly means that the polarisation is about to disappear. For example, any arrest of Gulen or his extradition to Turkey will quickly expose loyalties.
Furthermore, to just point to the coup as a work of a small minority is short-sighted. The coup plotters involved hundreds of figures from senior generals to low ranking soldiers. They clearly must have enjoyed support and encouragement from non-military circles. A coup doesn’t just come about at a moment’s notice without careful planning.
The coup plot may leave Erdogan with a stronger hand but not necessarily a stronger Turkey. It has too often skimmed over the hostility of rival camps or stifled dissident voices. With so many conflicting sides having different interests in the makeup and future of the country, further turmoil is only a natural by-product.
First Published: Kurdish Globe
Other Publication Sources: Various Misc
Aftermath of Chilcot Report – Iraqi invasion through narrow lens and overlooking inhumanity
The obsession with the legitimacy, legality and value of the invasion of Iraq and the ousting of Saddam Hussein from power in 2003 was renewed with the release of the Chilcot Report.
The much anticipated report by John Chilcot gave fresh fuel to sceptics of the invasion in the UK and the West with mass media focus on the anarchy and mass suffering unleashed by the decision to remove Saddam by George W. Bush and Tony Blair.
However, the war is been viewed with narrow lens and without any real perspective.
Can the numerous fires raging across Iraq and the Middle East really be ascribed to the downfall of Saddam and were Iraqis better off under Saddam’s rule?
It is often overlooked why Iraq enjoyed relative stability under Saddam. It was not due to charismatic and popular leadership but owed to his iron-fisted rule and zero tolerance to the various uprisings launched by the Kurds and Shiites.
This week, US presidential candidate, Donald Trump, even went as far as praising Saddam for his stance against terrorists. Yet, these same “terrorists” were Kurds who were battling decades of repression, campaigns of genocide and even chemical attacks.
Saddam was not in power for a year or two by the time he was toppled, he had ruled since 1979. Mass graves from Saddam’s tenure are still been unearthed. These graves did not discriminate between men, women or children – it was all the same to the Baathist regime.
Regardless of flawed Western intelligence on Iraq’s Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) capability at time of invasion, Saddam had already expressed his ease in deploying such weapons in Halabja as well as on Iranian forces.
Moreover, anyone who can raze thousands of villages, murder thousands of civilians and repress and torture en-mass does more damage than any WMD could ever do. Dictators such as Saddam are no different to any WMD.
Then there is the notion that the overthrow of Saddam started the anarchy that is rife across the Middle East and even led to the rise of the Islamic State (IS). An invasion of a country cannot be attributed to centuries of sectarian animosity or ethnic strife. Western and regional foreign policy mistakes since 2003 such as those that led to IS, cannot be masked every time by the Iraq invasion.
The seeds of discontent were sown in the Middle East long before Saddam was even born. The Sykes-Picot agreement that selfishly carved the Middle East was the real precursor to the flames of today.
Just because the effects of such arbitrary borders were masked by successive dictators across the Middle East does not justify the methods for the so-called stability of those regimes.
Sooner or later dictators fall and the injustice of the Middle Eastern landscape was always going to bite with or without Saddam.
One of those nations chained by history were the Kurds who have flourished under post-Saddam rule. Does the iron-fisted “stability” provided by Saddam justify holding a nation hostage to their human rights and freedoms?
First Published: Kurdish Globe
Other Publication Sources: Various Misc
UK exit is as much a question of the fabric of the EU as the future of the UK
The UK referendum on EU membership was always going to be a tenuous and divisive affair whose impact would echo well beyond these shores.
European and world leaders woke up to a new reality on Friday as the exit camp won the day against polling projections. Fluctuations in the Pound were as wild as predictions ahead of the final vote. It was a tight race that threatens to intensify the deepening divisions within the UK.
51.9% may have voted for an exit but the 48.1% that wanted to remain can hardly be ignored. Nor can the stark regional variations to the vote. London, Scotland and Northern Ireland voted resoundingly to remain clouding the long-term future of the UK.
Scotland will almost certainly hold a new independence referendum and Northern Ireland may well face sociopolitical uncertainty with calls for a referendum to unite both parts of Ireland.
The exit vote is a test of the strength of the union. Will the allegiance to the union overpower the desire to be part of the EU?
UK exit means stepping in to the unknown and thus global markets were always braced for turmoil in case of an exit. It will take many years for the dust to settle and for the full economic and political effects to be known.
However, exit of the EU does not mean that the UK is no longer influential on the European or global stage. The UK had a prominent economic and strategic role long before the EU was established and in spite of scaremongering, the EU powers are not about to alienate the UK and sacrifice the trade links that are vital for each side.
At the same time, UK will continue to have a strong voice in geopolitical and security matters. In other words, the end of a formal union does not mean the end of long-standing alliances with many of these member states, even if the UK always had somewhat of a Eurosceptic view and a strong desire for sovereignty.
UK trade ties with US and other major economies will not suddenly evaporate even if the terms of such agreements will naturally have to be reviewed and renegotiated.
As questions are asked of the future of the UK, there is equal spotlight on the future of the EU. Is a UK exit a one-off fire that will quickly disappear, or does the exit mark intrinsic problems with the very fabric of the EU that must be addressed before it leads its wider unravelling?
A period of self-reflection is needed as much for the EU as the UK. Nationalist and disenchanted voices in France, Germany and beyond are already calling for referendums of their own. This is a test for the future of the EU as much as the UK.
First Published: Kurdish Globe
Other Publication Sources: Various Misc
Mankind’s footprint of sin and atrocities can never be confined to any piece of land or racial grouping
In a week of devastating terror in the West, British PM Jo Cox was tragically murdered outside her constituent surgery in Birstall, West Yorkshire. The killer was not a Muslim, contrary to many a first thought, but white British showing that cold blooded acts of terror are hardly confided to one religion alone.
Thomas Mair, who was reportedly a loner with a history of mental health issues, had suspected linked to far-right groups. When appearing in court on charges of murder, he announced his name as “Death to traitors, freedom for Britain”.
Cox, was a prominent campaigner for the ‘remain’ camp ahead of the UK referendum on leaving the EU. However, Cox was also exemplary in her humanitarian work, particularly with regards to the plight of Syrians where she campaigned for Western intervention and for the UK government to allow more child refugees into the country.
It was later revealed that Cox was the subject of a string of threats, although there is no link between the attack and the messages.
Either way, Cox was certainly not the only MP to receive threats for their views in recent weeks. Whilst UK and European security forces may be geared more towards Islamic State inspired terror attacks as witnessed in Paris and Brussels, they must not take for granted that violent rages or acts of terror can be committed by any human with strong enough motive.
We often look at Europe as a model of co-existence and justice, yet we forget that two World Wars were instigated on this stage. We overlook that in our modern history that 6 million Jews were chilling exterminated on these lands.
There is a history of violence and policies of racial or sectarian supremacy that spans many centuries.
Only recently has the UK become safe from threats of groups such as the IRA. Northern Ireland was a long-time magnet for acts of violence, terror and revenge killings based on sectarian affiliation. Spain suffered under the hands of Basque separatists for decades.
The mass violence between English and Russian fans at Euro 2016 also demonstrates how racial hatred and extremism can span well beyond religion. Ultra-nationalists and many active far-right groups have hubs across Europe and football was merely a platform to launch racially fueled violence.
Across the Atlantic Ocean in the U.S., Orlando was subject of the worst mass shooting in its history. However, as long as anyone can buy fire arms and possess extremist views and violent motives, such heinous crimes will never be limited to that of a certain faith.
Violence, suffering and terror attacks are such a norm in the Middle East that the West often views them as been in a distant land from their door step. However, as long as mankind exists, his footprint of sin and atrocities will never be confined to any piece of land or racial category.
First Published: Kurdish Globe
Other Publication Sources: Various Misc
Lifting of MPs immunity from prosecution fuel for new social earthquake in Turkey
This week, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan ratified a bill lifting MPs’ immunity from prosecution. Although, it is a move that affects all opposition parties, it no doubt bites the Kurdish-focused Peoples’ Democratic Party (HDP) the hardest with 55 out of 59 of their elected parliamentarians facing a summary of proceedings.
The billed was signed on June 7th, exactly a year to the date of the first Turkish general election of 2015 that saw HDP shatter the 10% threshold and make history by becoming the first Kurdish party to enter parliament. HDP and its leader Selahattin Demirtas become a thorn in the side of Erdogan. The Justice and Development Party (AKP) failed to attain the majority it craved in parliament thus undermining their open quest to implement a presidential system.
However, the cease-fire with the PKK was soon shattered and a level of deadly violence and bloodshed returned akin to the dark days of the 90’s.
Erdogan has always tried to label the HDP as the political front of the PKK and such indictment along with the resumption of violence saw the HDP lose votes in the subsequent snap election.
It is conveniently forgotten that the HDP did not just decide to turn up in parliament. It was through the support of the hundreds of thousands of voters. To claim that 59 members of HDP have links to terrorism is tantamount to claiming that all their voters are also terrorists.
And this is where the vicious cycle of violence continues in the Kurdish southeast. Is the Kurdish issue merely a terrorism problem and therefore about wiping out the militants from the mountains as Ankara officials claim or is it about a much deeper issue of Kurdish rights?
If the root of the issue is not addressed, then no matter how many more decades the war against the PKK continues or how many more Kurdish MPs are imprisoned, then we would merely see history repeating itself over and over again.
If any of the HDP PM’s are imprisoned or if the HDP is disbanded under the terrorism banner, as the case with many other Kurdish parties beforehand, then there is little doubt that violence will only intensify.
A strong Kurdish party in parliament for the first time in history should have been the platform for long-term peace. The Kurds finally had a voice in parliament and the HDP were the natural interlocutors in the peace process.
With this voice gone and with the Kurds witnessing the little rewards of a political platform, youth will turn increasingly to violent means with the polarization of the country hitting new heights.
Officials in the European Union and the United States may have condemned the move to lift parliamentary immunity but still the voices are relatively muted. The US needs Turkey in the fight against the Islamic State and the EU continues to rely heavily on Turkey to stem the flow of migrants, even if all the conditions of the recent migrant deal have not been met by Turkey.
One of those contentious issues was Turkey’s failure to comply with EU demands to narrow anti-terror laws. And it is such laws that have crippled the Kurdish issue beyond the narrow-angled fight against the PKK.
It has long been said that Turkey’s road to the EU membership runs through Diyarbakir. At the moment, with a lack of institutional stability not to mention the right constitutional and democratic order, that road firmly remains to be paved.
First Published: Kurdish Globe
Other Publication Sources: Various Misc
Separating the right of Kurdish independence from the right regional, political or economic climate
If an ethnic group ever deserved an award for patience and perseverance then it is the Kurds. Still the largest nation without a state, the Kurds are told to bide their time for independence or worse are threatened by its consequences.
One hundred years have passed since the infamous Sykes-Picot agreement and it is approaching the centenial of the respective Treaties of Sevres and Lausanne. The truth is, Kurdistan may be embroiled in a valiant battle against the Islamic State (IS) today and in many ways carry the global fight against the group, but their struggle for existence and freedom is nothing new.
Kurdistan President Masoud Barzani announced plans to hold a referendum as far back as July 2014 when Iraqi forces rapidly collapsed under IS attacks. This intention was renewed with repeated plans to hold a referendum by end of 2016.
Skeptics point to the difficult fight against IS, Kurdistan’s economic crisis, retaliation from neighboring powers, the instability engulfing the rest of Iraq and so on.
However, if Kurdistan ties its independence to a perfect moment in Iraq and the Middle East then independence will remain a distant dream. The Kurds must not equate their right of independence with a perfect regional, political or economic climate.
If independence was based on buy-in from all sides, a flourishing economy and a perfect democratic and social system, then dozens of sovereign countries would not exist today. On the contrary, independence will give the Kurds a strong hand to dictate fiscal matters such as devaluing their currency, printing money and borrowing from international markets.
Moreover, the independence of Kurdistan should not be a piecemeal measure. Even Saddam Hussein was willing to give the Kurds substantial autonomy with the exception of Kirkuk.
Kurdistan should declare independence and a referendum is the right and legal platform. As governed by United Nations charters, the voice of the people in deciding their fate is vital. Many nations have declared their independence in such a manner and the fate of many disputed cities has been resolved via plebiscites.
Abandoning the legal notion of self-determination and asking permission from Western powers, Ankara, Baghdad, and Tehran is a sure path to failure.
The Kurds have suffered under the hands of such governments and struggled for even basic rights, why should the fate of millions of Kurds and a legal right be placed in their hands once more?
Kurdistan has a rich array of ethnicities and religions. Assyrians, Chaldeans, Turkmen, Shabaks, Yezidis and Christians have enjoyed a historical foothold in these lands. This very coexistence should be heralded across the West and serve as a model of co-existence across the Middle East.
First Published: Kurdish Globe
Other Publication Sources: Various Misc
U.S. and Syrian Kurds – Hand-in-hand on the road to Raqqa
Normally any march towards the de facto Islamic State (IS) capital of Raqqa would be met with jubilation and relief but such is the sensitive political picture in Syria that even the long hoped for liberation of Raqqa is shrouded in controversy.
The U.S. spent millions on training so-called moderate Arab opposition forces only to see a handful of forces emerge. All the while, the Syrian Kurdish People’s Protection Units (YPG) forces were proving themselves as the most capable force on the ground and ticked all the boxes the U.S. spent huge amounts of effort to find.
The alliance between the U.S. and the Syrian Kurds was logical in many ways even if it has resulted in constant outcries from Ankara who accuse the YPG of been an extension of the PKK.
This has placed the U.S. into a difficult corner placating anxieties from its traditional regional ally in Turkey whilst at the same time growing closer to the YPG who it views as their number one ticket to drive out IS in a way that thousands of coalition air raids have failed to achieve.
YPG advances against IS have been met more with threats and unease by Turkey than any sense of relief. The establishment of the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) was in many ways an answer to the heavy Kurdish identity of forces battling IS, increasing Kurdish control and the growing ties between the U.S. and Syrian Kurds.
Although there are thousands of Arab and Christian forces in the SDF, the vast majority are still Kurdish.
Images of US Special Forces not only coordinating with Kurdish forces on the ground but even wearing the YPG insignia was bound to cause uproar in Turkey. Washington has been quick to downplay the gesture and even ordered the removal of such insignias but nevertheless the situation is not any less complicated.
The U.S. has a heavy reliance on Kurdish forces that it sees as its best ticket to rid Raqqa of IS before the end of Barack Obama’s presidential term but it’s stuck in a dangerous game.
Kurdish forces will not merely sacrifice or coordinate closely with the coalition without firm preconditions regardless of whether they are at the peace table in Geneva. They are continuously looking to enshrine their autonomy and expand their territory.
The U.S. cannot afford to abandon the YPG just to appease Turkey and on the other hand the Syrian Kurds cannot rely long-term on Washington to achieveitslong-term goals.
All the while, the Turkish hand is weakened in spite of all the harsh rhetoric over the YPG. At some point, the SDF is likely to move west towards Jarablus and break more Turkish redlines. Turkey has threatened to retaliate but an all-out invasion would not only be met with dismay by the US-led coalition but will ultimately deepen the Syrian civil war and Turkey’s own war against the Kurds.
Regardless of any role in peace talks, the Syrian Kurds are not about to reverse their hard-earned autonomy or new found prominence. In the past Turkey felt it was easier to deal with a neighbor such as IS than a strong Kurdish force with growing autonomy.
Syria will never be the same again and the new regional outlook will have a profound influence on the future of the region regardless of the resistance of any country.
First Published: Kurdish Globe
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